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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Orienting the House, by American Face
-Brick Association
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Orienting the House
-       A Study of the Placing of the House with Relation to the Sun's
-       Rays
-
-Author: American Face Brick Association
-
-Release Date: July 29, 2021 [eBook #65955]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed
-             Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-             produced from images generously made available by The
-             Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIENTING THE HOUSE ***
-
-
-
-
-
-                          Orienting the House
-
-                        _A study of the placing
-                           of the house with
-                            relation to the
-                              sun’s rays_
-
-                            [Illustration]
-
-                       _Price Twenty-five Cents_
-
-
-                    AMERICAN FACE BRICK ASSOCIATION
-                        130 North Wells Street
-                                CHICAGO
-
-
-© 1922. Eben Rodgers, President, A. F. B. A.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Detail of Residence, Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois
-  Walter Miller, Architect]
-
-
-
-
-                          Orienting the House
-
-
-In selecting a home site, there are a number of very important things
-to be considered. When once you settle the point of convenient
-accessibility to your work or place of business, you doubtless think
-first of the neighborhood in which you and your family are going to
-live, the kind of people about you, the church, school, and library
-privileges, and such like questions.
-
-Then you will consider the physical character of the place, its slopes
-and levels, its trees, its gardens, its outlook, or, in a word, its
-attractiveness from an aesthetic point of view; to which are closely
-related the practical questions of pure water supply, good drainage,
-and shelter from the extremes of weather. No matter how attractive
-otherwise a locality might be, you would not consider it for a moment
-unless the conditions of sanitation and healthfulness were fully met;
-and you would want some natural protection from the severe storms of
-winter as well as from the blazing heat of summer. In the winter you
-would want as little breeze and as much sun, and in the summer as
-little sun and as much breeze as possible.
-
-Finally, in selecting your site, it would be well to have in mind the
-house you intend to build and the way you want it to face. If possible,
-get your house plan first and select your lot accordingly. Or, at any
-rate, picture it all out in your mind to guide you in selecting your
-location. By a little planning and forethought you may not only secure
-the outlook you want but the exposures to sun or breeze most desired.
-You cannot change climatic conditions or topography, but, to an
-appreciable extent, you can adjust the location of your house to them.
-
-The Orientation Chart, here given, shows the points of sunrise and
-sunset, on the horizon, midsummer and midwinter, as well as the
-direction of the sunlight each successive hour of the midsummer and
-midwinter day. The chart will thus aid you, so far as conditions
-permit, in facing your house so as to get the sun or shade where you
-want it.
-
-[Illustration: _Orientation Chart_
-
-  © 1922. Eben Rodgers, President, A. F. B. A.
-
-
-  _Issued by_ American Face Brick Association
-
-  A·F·B·A
-  USE FACE BRICK
-  ――it Pays
-
-  130 North Wells Street, Chicago, Ill.]
-
-Chart to be used in connection with text of booklet, “Orienting the
-House”
-
-In the first place, you see three broad, concentric circles, on the
-outside of which the rising and setting sun is depicted for both
-midsummer and midwinter day. The figures, 30°–50°, alongside of the sun
-represent degrees of north latitude, wherever you may happen to live,
-which, with the exception of most of Florida and southern Texas, cover
-the United States. The short arrows show the direction of the sun’s
-rays at sunrise and sunset.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Garden Side of Residence, Westbury, L. I.
-  Peabody, Wilson & Brown, Architects]
-
-The inner circle represents your horizon, and the degrees marked upon
-it show the points of sunrise and sunset, north or south of the direct
-east and west line. These angular distances, in terms of degrees, are
-called amplitudes, north or south, and must not be confused with the
-degrees of latitude on the earth’s surface, indicated by the numbers
-along side of the sun, though intimately dependent upon them. The
-amplitude of the horizon point, where the sun rises and sets from
-time to time during the year, always depends upon the latitude on the
-earth’s surface where you happen to live, as may be seen by following
-with your eye the direction of the arrows of latitude through the
-amplitude circle. Starting from the number indicating the latitude
-where you live, trace the arrow until it touches the amplitude circle.
-You can then read the degree on it which shows how far north or south
-of the east and west line the sun rises or sets. We are indebted to
-Professor Philip Fox, of the Dearborn Astronomical Observatory at
-Evanston, Illinois, for determining these points.
-
-The two outer circles are sun-dials for midsummer and midwinter day at
-the 40th degree of north latitude; and, if you imagined them pivoted
-on their rising and setting points and tipped up from the south to
-represent the slanting path of the sun during the day, they show the
-direction from which the sun is shining during successive hours of the
-day (or night on the other side of the world). The shaded portions of
-these circles represent night, which for all northern latitudes is
-short in summer and long in winter, as the day is short in winter and
-long in summer. If you examine the hour spaces on the winter dial of
-your winter night, you will find them exactly like those on the summer
-dial of your summer day. So also your winter day hours are spaced like
-your summer night hours. South of the equator, people have precisely
-the same experiences only in the reverse order. New Zealanders, we
-fancy, wear straw hats in January and fur caps in July. If you liked
-summer well enough and cared to move, you could live in a perpetual
-summer on our little globe. It is probable, however, that, like most
-people, you rather prefer the change of seasons, in spite of occasional
-extremes.
-
-The irregular hour spaces on the dials would make it appear that the
-sun moves around the earth in a sort of jerky way. On the contrary, it
-moves, or rather the earth rotates, at an absolutely uniform rate, but
-the tilt of the sun’s path to your horizon line gives you at certain
-points a fore-shortened view by which the sun seems to cover various
-distances at various stages of its course.
-
-The sun-dial time is used on our chart as it more universally applies
-at different meridians on a given latitude, than does our standard time
-which, for the sake of timepiece uniformity, is a compromise based on
-mean solar time. As the earth’s orbit is such as to make the sun gain
-a little or lose a little in crossing the meridian each day during
-the year, the total _annual_ time of the sun is averaged into uniform
-_daily_ periods, which in turn are divided into 24 uniform hours and
-referred to certain meridians the world round, about an hour apart.
-To show the exact position of the sun in strict agreement with these
-standardized hours would require a special chart for every degree of
-longitude, and then be of no especial value for our present purpose;
-for while the astronomer must have exact time to the fraction of a
-second, the differences between watch and sun-dial are not enough at
-any time to affect essentially our problem. So that, if you do not
-find the hours marked on our summer and winter sun-dials, at any time,
-exactly agreeing with your watch, you may, nevertheless, trust them to
-show you accurately enough from what direction the sun is shining at
-different hours of the day.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Residence, St. Paul, Minnesota      James Alan MacLeod, Architect]
-
-The chart is drawn for midsummer and midwinter day on the 40th degree
-of north latitude, which is taken as the best average line that runs
-midway of the country from ocean to ocean, passing through or near New
-York City (N); Philadelphia, Pa; Columbus and Cincinnati (S), Ohio;
-Indianapolis, Ind. (S); Springfield, Ill. (S); St. Louis and Kansas
-City, Mo. (S); the northern boundary of Kansas; Denver, Colo. (S); Salt
-Lake City, Utah (N); Carson City, Nev. (S); and Sacramento, Calif. (S).
-With the exception of St. Louis and Sacramento, which are something
-over a degree south of this line, all of these places are either on it
-or within less than a degree of it, north or south.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Residence, Buffalo, New York      Edw. Henrich, Architect]
-
-You will see, as drawn on the chart, how the sun’s rays morning
-and evening, summer and winter, are indicated streaming out in the
-direction of the latitude arrows marked 40°. If you live on or near
-any of the other degrees of latitude, indicated by the other arrows,
-imagine the center of the sun slipped up or down to that point, and
-then trace the rays lightly with a soft pencil across the chart in
-lines parallel with the respective arrows.
-
-[Illustration: “Home of Beauty,” Design 101, Rear View]
-
-Of course, if you make any change, all four suns must be moved in a
-corresponding way, for you will observe how beautifully symmetrical
-the chart is. For any given northern latitude, the midsummer sun rises
-and sets _north_ of due east and west at exactly corresponding points
-on the eastern and western horizons, and these points in turn exactly
-correspond, six months later, with those for midwinter day _south_ of
-due east and west.
-
-And this exact correspondence east and west, for the day, and north
-and south, for the season, will obtain for any day in the year, or
-for any place you take on the earth’s surface. Of course, it must be
-noted that the time of rising and setting will change with every new
-position taken. If you draw the midsummer sun down and the midwinter
-sun correspondingly up until they coalesce at “E” and “W,” you have the
-equinoxes about March 21st and September 21st, with the sun rising and
-setting due east and west, and equal day and night in any part of the
-world except the poles.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Residence, Highland Park, Illinois      N. Max Dunning, Architect]
-
-Living where you do, somewhere between 30° and 50° north latitude, the
-sun, summer or winter, will never pass overhead at noon but shine on
-a slant from the south, very much more in winter than summer. This
-slant of the sun, however, will not concern you practically so much
-in placing your house, as will the time and direction of sunrise at
-the extremes of June and December, and the position of the sun the
-successive hours of the day, at those times of the year.
-
-You have certain rooms in which you especially want the sun, morning or
-afternoon; or a porch you want as much in the shade as possible, let us
-say. In tracing the direction of the sun’s rays, do not think of them
-as converging or as spreading out. Think of them rather as coming in
-great, broad, parallel bands so that no matter how large your house may
-be, the moment one side gets the sun, the opposite parallel side falls
-into shade. The broad band of parallel lines streaming from the sun, as
-seen on the chart, is meant to illustrate this.
-
-Now cut a piece of light cardboard in the shape of your house, at a
-greatly reduced scale, with all its porches and projections, as, for
-example, the blank form on the chart. Attach it with a pin at the
-center of the chart, so it may be easily turned. First place your house
-facing directly east. You will see on midsummer day that the north and
-east elevations will get the first morning sun. About 8 o’clock the sun
-will leave the north side and begin to illuminate the south elevation.
-At noon, the sun will pass from the east to the west side of the house,
-and then, at 4 o’clock, leave the south and creep back to the north
-side of the house, shining on west and north sides from then on until
-its setting between 7 and 8 o’clock in the evening.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Residence, Glencoe, Illinois      Robert E. Seyfarth, Architect]
-
-At the opposite season of the year, that is, in midwinter, your house,
-still faced directly east, will have the first sun between 7 and 8
-o’clock in the morning on the east and south sides. At noon, the east
-side will be deserted for the west, and from then on the south and
-west sides of the house will have the sun until its setting between 4
-and 5 o’clock. Thus, in the winter, the north side of your house will
-get no sun at all. This would hardly be a good place for the kitchen,
-though it would be well enough in the summer, as the sun would be out
-of it by 8 o’clock in the morning and not return until 4 o’clock in the
-afternoon when its rays are shorn of much of their midday strength. You
-know, of course, that during the changing seasons or the changing hours
-of the day, the sun’s warmth depends largely on the slant of its rays.
-In the summer, the north side would be a good place for a shady porch
-most of the day. However, the east side of the house would give you a
-shady porch from noon till sunset. But a porch around the northeast
-corner would give you shade from 8 o’clock in the morning clear through
-the day until sunset.
-
-By turning your house one way or another from this direct east and
-west position, you can see what modifications of sun and shade you
-get. Suppose you turn it northeast, almost facing the morning sun on
-midsummer day. The front of the house would directly get the rising
-sun between 4 and 5 o’clock in the morning. At 6 o’clock, the south
-front would come into the sunlight. At half-past 10 o’clock, the east
-front would fall into shade for the rest of the day, while the west
-front would begin to catch the sun. By 2:30 o’clock in the afternoon,
-the south side would be in the shade for the rest of the day and the
-north side would get the sun from then on till sunset, between 7 and 8
-o’clock. A porch on the east front of this house would be in the shade
-all the summer day after half-past 10 o’clock. But, in the winter, it
-would not be so fortunate as the house faced to the cardinal points,
-for, as just indicated, it would get the sun only on two sides all day
-long; and yet the summer advantages might more than compensate. Try
-slighter turns than those suggested, and you may get just the result
-you want for a given room or porch.
-
-The placing of your house for the sun is really a problem of settling
-on the rooms or porches you want favored, and then letting the other
-portions of the house take care of themselves. In determining these
-questions of sun and shade on your house, due consideration must be
-given to neighboring structures, trees, or portions of the house that
-might otherwise get the sun if it were not for certain extensions,
-such as bays, porches, L’s, and the like. Of course, nearby hills or
-mountains would have a marked effect on just when you got the sun in
-the morning or lose it in the evening, no matter where or when the sun
-really rose and set.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Bungalow, New Orleans      Nathan Kohlman, Architect]
-
-As already suggested, if you live on or near any of the other degrees
-of north latitude marked, imagine the center of the suns slipped
-around to that degree, and then draw light pencil lines across the
-chart parallel with the respective arrows. Do the same also for other
-parts of the year than the solstices which are shown here. For each
-succeeding month, move the center of the suns down and up from the
-solsticial points about a third of the distance to “E.” At “E” the sun
-has reached either equinox and will rise directly in the east and set
-directly in the west. Remember that for several days on either side of
-a given position of the sun, there will be no essential change in the
-direction of its rays that you need practically to consider.
-
-But at the times, other than the solstices, while you can thus get
-the direction of the rising and setting sun, the sun-dial of our
-chart won’t exactly apply. What happens is that as the sun moves down
-or up from the solstice to the equinox, the summer hour spaces grow
-more uniform, while the winter hours grow somewhat longer. But with
-the general direction of the morning and afternoon light settled for
-the two solsticial extremes, the hour position of the sun during the
-between seasons will not be of so much importance.
-
-Of course, you can’t have everything in this world exactly your own
-way, but by studying carefully the Orientation Chart in connection
-with your plans for building a home, you may get many valuable hints
-for selecting your lot and locating your house which will lead to
-arrangement of lasting satisfaction to you in the coziness, comfort,
-and attractiveness of your home. A sunny corner or a shady spot, where
-you need it and when you need it, may cure an invalid or develop a
-poet, as the case may be and as the years go on.
-
-
-
-
-                  _The Right Kind of House to Orient_
-
-
-Before you have the problem of orienting your home, you have the more
-important problem of deciding on the kind of home you intend to build.
-It is one of the most, if not the most, important question you have to
-settle.
-
-In the first place, it is an economic question, for you want to be sure
-of getting value received for the money you expend. To do so, the house
-you build must, aside from its satisfactory design, be permanent; it
-must be easily and economically maintained; it must be comfortable and
-safe against fire; and it must be attractive. In a word, it must give
-you satisfaction in every way, inasmuch as you and your family are
-going to be in it a long time; or, if circumstances compel you to move,
-you want the house to make a persuasively attractive appeal to the
-intending renter or purchaser.
-
-Such a house you can build of brick, the endurance of which has been
-demonstrated through thousands of years. “By frost, nor fire, nor
-flood, nor even time are well burned clays destroyed.” This permanence
-of brick construction means a saving on insurance rates, on upkeep, and
-on depreciation, while the material lends itself to the most beautiful
-and varied artistic effects. “Strength and beauty,” the essential
-characteristics of all good building, may be fully met in brick
-construction.
-
-If you have not already seen _The Story of Brick_, you should send for
-a copy, as you will find in it many valuable suggestions.
-
-                    AMERICAN FACE BRICK ASSOCIATION
-                        130 North Wells Street
-                                CHICAGO
-
-
-                                 Rogers & Company, Chicago and New York
-
-
-[Illustration: backcover]
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber’s Notes:
-
- ――Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
-
- ――Obvious printer’s, punctuation and spelling inaccuracies were
-   silently corrected.
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIENTING THE HOUSE ***
-
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