diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:19:11 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:19:11 -0700 |
| commit | 8aecfbc14ab4d1060bda94c7aa9e2bc6b413cd23 (patch) | |
| tree | fcebe21d9082cdc5c8d0d674c32dc6ec6f49d731 /old | |
Diffstat (limited to 'old')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/2465-h.htm.2021-01-27 | 3287 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/carmn10.txt | 2776 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/carmn10.zip | bin | 0 -> 58134 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.txt | 2831 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.zip | bin | 0 -> 60208 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.txt | 2830 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 59841 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 63683 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h/2465-h.htm | 3288 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465.txt | 2830 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/old-2024-09-03/2465.zip | bin | 0 -> 59823 bytes |
11 files changed, 17842 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/old/2465-h.htm.2021-01-27 b/old/2465-h.htm.2021-01-27 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92c17ff --- /dev/null +++ b/old/2465-h.htm.2021-01-27 @@ -0,0 +1,3287 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title> + Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;} + .pagenum {display:inline; font-size: 70%; font-style:normal; + margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%; + text-align: right;} + pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} + +</style> + </head> + <body> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Carmen + +Author: Prosper Merimee + +Translator: Lady Mary Loyd + +Release Date: March 28, 2006 [EBook #2465] +Last Updated: October 25, 2016 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + + + + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + + + + + +</pre> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h1> + CARMEN + </h1> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <h2> + by Prosper Merimee + </h2> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h3> + Translated by Lady Mary Loyd + </h3> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h2> + Contents + </h2> + <table summary="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto"> + <tr> + <td> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV </a> + </p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h2> + CHAPTER I + </h2> + <p> + I had always suspected the geographical authorities did not know what they + were talking about when they located the battlefield of Munda in the + county of the Bastuli-Poeni, close to the modern Monda, some two leagues + north of Marbella. + </p> + <p> + According to my own surmise, founded on the text of the anonymous author + of the <i>Bellum Hispaniense</i>, and on certain information culled from + the excellent library owned by the Duke of Ossuna, I believed the site of + the memorable struggle in which Caesar played double or quits, once and + for all, with the champions of the Republic, should be sought in the + neighbourhood of Montilla. + </p> + <p> + Happening to be in Andalusia during the autumn of 1830, I made a somewhat + lengthy excursion, with the object of clearing up certain doubts which + still oppressed me. A paper which I shall shortly publish will, I trust, + remove any hesitation that may still exist in the minds of all honest + archaeologists. But before that dissertation of mine finally settles the + geographical problem on the solution of which the whole of learned Europe + hangs, I desire to relate a little tale. It will do no prejudice to the + interesting question of the correct locality of Monda. + </p> + <p> + I had hired a guide and a couple of horses at Cordova, and had started on + my way with no luggage save a few shirts, and Caesar’s <i>Commentaries</i>. + As I wandered, one day, across the higher lands of the Cachena plain, worn + with fatigue, parched with thirst, scorched by a burning sun, cursing + Caesar and Pompey’s sons alike, most heartily, my eye lighted, at some + distance from the path I was following, on a little stretch of green sward + dotted with reeds and rushes. That betokened the neighbourhood of some + spring, and, indeed, as I drew nearer I perceived that what had looked + like sward was a marsh, into which a stream, which seemed to issue from a + narrow gorge between two high spurs of the Sierra di Cabra, ran and + disappeared. + </p> + <p> + If I rode up that stream, I argued, I was likely to find cooler water, + fewer leeches and frogs, and mayhap a little shade among the rocks. + </p> + <p> + At the mouth of the gorge, my horse neighed, and another horse, invisible + to me, neighed back. Before I had advanced a hundred paces, the gorge + suddenly widened, and I beheld a sort of natural amphitheatre, thoroughly + shaded by the steep cliffs that lay all around it. It was impossible to + imagine any more delightful halting place for a traveller. At the foot of + the precipitous rocks, the stream bubbled upward and fell into a little + basin, lined with sand that was as white as snow. Five or six splendid + evergreen oaks, sheltered from the wind, and cooled by the spring, grew + beside the pool, and shaded it with their thick foliage. And round about + it a close and glossy turf offered the wanderer a better bed than he could + have found in any hostelry for ten leagues round. + </p> + <p> + The honour of discovering this fair spot did not belong to me. A man was + resting there already—sleeping, no doubt—before I reached it. + Roused by the neighing of the horses, he had risen to his feet and had + moved over to his mount, which had been taking advantage of its master’s + slumbers to make a hearty feed on the grass that grew around. He was an + active young fellow, of middle height, but powerful in build, and proud + and sullen-looking in expression. His complexion, which may once have been + fine, had been tanned by the sun till it was darker than his hair. One of + his hands grasped his horse’s halter. In the other he held a brass + blunderbuss. + </p> + <p> + At the first blush, I confess, the blunderbuss, and the savage looks of + the man who bore it, somewhat took me aback. But I had heard so much about + robbers, that, never seeing any, I had ceased to believe in their + existence. And further, I had seen so many honest farmers arm themselves + to the teeth before they went out to market, that the sight of firearms + gave me no warrant for doubting the character of any stranger. “And then,” + quoth I to myself, “what could he do with my shirts and my Elzevir edition + of Caesar’s <i>Commentaries</i>?” So I bestowed a friendly nod on the man + with the blunderbuss, and inquired, with a smile, whether I had disturbed + his nap. Without any answer, he looked me over from head to foot. Then, as + if the scrutiny had satisfied him, he looked as closely at my guide, who + was just coming up. I saw the guide turn pale, and pull up with an air of + evident alarm. “An unlucky meeting!” thought I to myself. But prudence + instantly counselled me not to let any symptom of anxiety escape me. So I + dismounted. I told the guide to take off the horses’ bridles, and kneeling + down beside the spring, I laved my head and hands and then drank a long + draught, lying flat on my belly, like Gideon’s soldiers. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile, I watched the stranger, and my own guide. This last seemed to + come forward unwillingly. But the other did not appear to have any evil + designs upon us. For he had turned his horse loose, and the blunderbuss, + which he had been holding horizontally, was now dropped earthward. + </p> + <p> + Not thinking it necessary to take offence at the scant attention paid me, + I stretched myself full length upon the grass, and calmly asked the owner + of the blunderbuss whether he had a light about him. At the same time I + pulled out my cigar-case. The stranger, still without opening his lips, + took out his flint, and lost no time in getting me a light. He was + evidently growing tamer, for he sat down opposite to me, though he still + grasped his weapon. When I had lighted my cigar, I chose out the best I + had left, and asked him whether he smoked. + </p> + <p> + “Yes, senor,” he replied. These were the first words I had heard him + speak, and I noticed that he did not pronounce the letter <i>s</i>* in the + Andalusian fashion, whence I concluded he was a traveller, like myself, + though, maybe, somewhat less of an archaeologist. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * The Andalusians aspirate the <i>s</i>, and pronounce it like + the soft <i>c</i> and the <i>z</i>, which Spaniards pronounce like the + English <i>th</i>. An Andalusian may always be recognised by the + way in which he says <i>senor</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “You’ll find this a fairly good one,” said I, holding out a real Havana + regalia. + </p> + <p> + He bowed his head slightly, lighted his cigar at mine, thanked me with + another nod, and began to smoke with a most lively appearance of + enjoyment. + </p> + <p> + “Ah!” he exclaimed, as he blew his first puff of smoke slowly out of his + ears and nostrils. “What a time it is since I’ve had a smoke!” + </p> + <p> + In Spain the giving and accepting of a cigar establishes bonds of + hospitality similar to those founded in Eastern countries on the partaking + of bread and salt. My friend turned out more talkative than I had hoped. + However, though he claimed to belong to the <i>partido</i> of Montilla, he + seemed very ill-informed about the country. He did not know the name of + the delightful valley in which we were sitting, he could not tell me the + names of any of the neighbouring villages, and when I inquired whether he + had not noticed any broken-down walls, broad-rimmed tiles, or carved + stones in the vicinity, he confessed he had never paid any heed to such + matters. On the other hand, he showed himself an expert in horseflesh, + found fault with my mount—not a difficult affair—and gave me a + pedigree of his own, which had come from the famous stud at Cordova. It + was a splendid creature, indeed, so tough, according to its owner’s claim, + that it had once covered thirty leagues in one day, either at the gallop + or at full trot the whole time. In the midst of his story the stranger + pulled up short, as if startled and sorry he had said so much. “The fact + is I was in a great hurry to get to Cordova,” he went on, somewhat + embarrassed. “I had to petition the judges about a lawsuit.” As he spoke, + he looked at my guide Antonio, who had dropped his eyes. + </p> + <p> + The spring and the cool shade were so delightful that I bethought me of + certain slices of an excellent ham, which my friends at Montilla had + packed into my guide’s wallet. I bade him produce them, and invited the + stranger to share our impromptu lunch. If he had not smoked for a long + time, he certainly struck me as having fasted for eight-and-forty hours at + the very least. He ate like a starving wolf, and I thought to myself that + my appearance must really have been quite providential for the poor + fellow. Meanwhile my guide ate but little, drank still less, and spoke + never a word, although in the earlier part of our journey he had proved + himself a most unrivalled chatterer. He seemed ill at ease in the presence + of our guest, and a sort of mutual distrust, the cause of which I could + not exactly fathom, seemed to be between them. + </p> + <p> + The last crumbs of bread and scraps of ham had disappeared. We had each + smoked our second cigar; I told the guide to bridle the horses, and was + just about to take leave of my new friend, when he inquired where I was + going to spend the night. + </p> + <p> + Before I had time to notice a sign my guide was making to me I had replied + that I was going to the Venta del Cuervo. + </p> + <p> + “That’s a bad lodging for a gentleman like you, sir! I’m bound there + myself, and if you’ll allow me to ride with you, we’ll go together.” + </p> + <p> + “With pleasure!” I replied, mounting my horse. The guide, who was holding + my stirrup, looked at me meaningly again. I answered by shrugging my + shoulders, as though to assure him I was perfectly easy in my mind, and we + started on our way. + </p> + <p> + Antonio’s mysterious signals, his evident anxiety, a few words dropped by + the stranger, above all, his ride of thirty leagues, and the far from + plausible explanation he had given us of it, had already enabled me to + form an opinion as to the identity of my fellow-traveller. I had no doubt + at all I was in the company of a smuggler, and possibly of a brigand. What + cared I? I knew enough of the Spanish character to be very certain I had + nothing to fear from a man who had eaten and smoked with me. His very + presence would protect me in case of any undesirable meeting. And besides, + I was very glad to know what a brigand was really like. One doesn’t come + across such gentry every day. And there is a certain charm about finding + one’s self in close proximity to a dangerous being, especially when one + feels the being in question to be gentle and tame. + </p> + <p> + I was hoping the stranger might gradually fall into a confidential mood, + and in spite of my guide’s winks, I turned the conversation to the subject + of highwaymen. I need scarcely say that I spoke of them with great + respect. At that time there was a famous brigand in Andalusia, of the name + of Jose-Maria, whose exploits were on every lip. “Supposing I should be + riding along with Jose-Maria!” said I to myself. I told all the stories I + knew about the hero—they were all to his credit, indeed, and loudly + expressed my admiration of his generosity and his valour. + </p> + <p> + “Jose-Maria is nothing but a blackguard,” said the stranger gravely. + </p> + <p> + “Is he just to himself, or is this an excess of modesty?” I queried, + mentally, for by dint of scrutinizing my companion, I had ended by + reconciling his appearance with the description of Jose-Maria which I read + posted up on the gates of various Andalusian towns. “Yes, this must be he—fair + hair, blue eyes, large mouth, good teeth, small hands, fine shirt, a + velvet jacket with silver buttons on it, white leather gaiters, and a bay + horse. Not a doubt about it. But his <i>incognito</i> shall be respected!” + We reached the <i>venta</i>. It was just what he had described to me. In + other words, the most wretched hole of its kind I had as yet beheld. One + large apartment served as kitchen, dining-room, and sleeping chamber. A + fire was burning on a flat stone in the middle of the room, and the smoke + escaped through a hole in the roof, or rather hung in a cloud some feet + above the soil. Along the walls five or six mule rugs were spread on the + floor. These were the travellers’ beds. Twenty paces from the house, or + rather from the solitary apartment which I have just described, stood a + sort of shed, that served for a stable. + </p> + <p> + The only inhabitants of this delightful dwelling visible at the moment, at + all events, were an old woman, and a little girl of ten or twelve years + old, both of them as black as soot, and dressed in loathsome rags. “Here’s + the sole remnant of the ancient populations of Munda Boetica,” said I to + myself. “O Caesar! O Sextus Pompeius, if you were to revisit this earth + how astounded you would be!” + </p> + <p> + When the old woman saw my travelling companion an exclamation of surprise + escaped her. “Ah! Senor Don Jose!” she cried. + </p> + <p> + Don Jose frowned and lifted his hand with a gesture of authority that + forthwith silenced the old dame. + </p> + <p> + I turned to my guide and gave him to understand, by a sign that no one + else perceived, that I knew all about the man in whose company I was about + to spend the night. Our supper was better than I expected. On a little + table, only a foot high, we were served with an old rooster, fricasseed + with rice and numerous peppers, then more peppers in oil, and finally a <i>gaspacho</i>—a + sort of salad made of peppers. These three highly spiced dishes involved + our frequent recourse to a goatskin filled with Montella wine, which + struck us as being delicious. + </p> + <p> + After our meal was over, I caught sight of a mandolin hanging up against + the wall—in Spain you see mandolins in every corner—and I + asked the little girl, who had been waiting on us, if she knew how to play + it. + </p> + <p> + “No,” she replied. “But Don Jose does play well!” + </p> + <p> + “Do me the kindness to sing me something,” I said to him, “I’m + passionately fond of your national music.” + </p> + <p> + “I can’t refuse to do anything for such a charming gentleman, who gives me + such excellent cigars,” responded Don Jose gaily, and having made the + child give him the mandolin, he sang to his own accompaniment. His voice, + though rough, was pleasing, the air he sang was strange and sad. As to the + words, I could not understand a single one of them. + </p> + <p> + “If I am not mistaken,” said I, “that’s not a Spanish air you have just + been singing. It’s like the <i>zorzicos</i> I’ve heard in the Provinces,* + and the words must be in the Basque language.” + </p> + <p> + * The <i>privileged Provinces</i>, Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa, and a part of + Navarre, which all enjoy special <i>fueros</i>. The Basque language is + spoken in these countries. + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Don Jose, with a gloomy look. He laid the mandolin down on the + ground, and began staring with a peculiarly sad expression at the dying + fire. His face, at once fierce and noble-looking, reminded me, as the + firelight fell on it, of Milton’s Satan. Like him, perchance, my comrade + was musing over the home he had forfeited, the exile he had earned, by + some misdeed. I tried to revive the conversation, but so absorbed was he + in melancholy thought, that he gave me no answer. + </p> + <p> + The old woman had already gone to rest in a corner of the room, behind a + ragged rug hung on a rope. The little girl had followed her into this + retreat, sacred to the fair sex. Then my guide rose, and suggested that I + should go with him to the stable. But at the word Don Jose, waking, as it + were, with a start, inquired sharply whither he was going. + </p> + <p> + “To the stable,” answered the guide. + </p> + <p> + “What for? The horses have been fed! You can sleep here. The senor will + give you leave.” + </p> + <p> + “I’m afraid the senor’s horse is sick. I’d like the senor to see it. + Perhaps he’d know what should be done for it.” + </p> + <p> + It was quite clear to me that Antonio wanted to speak to me apart. + </p> + <p> + But I did not care to rouse Don Jose’s suspicions, and being as we were, I + thought far the wisest course for me was to appear absolutely confident. + </p> + <p> + I therefore told Antonio that I knew nothing on earth about horses, and + that I was desperately sleepy. Don Jose followed him to the stable, and + soon returned alone. He told me there was nothing the matter with the + horse, but that my guide considered the animal such a treasure that he was + scrubbing it with his jacket to make it sweat, and expected to spend the + night in that pleasing occupation. Meanwhile I had stretched myself out on + the mule rugs, having carefully wrapped myself up in my own cloak, so as + to avoid touching them. Don Jose, having begged me to excuse the liberty + he took in placing himself so near me, lay down across the door, but not + until he had primed his blunderbuss afresh and carefully laid it under the + wallet, which served him as a pillow. + </p> + <p> + I had thought I was so tired that I should be able to sleep even in such a + lodging. But within an hour a most unpleasant itching sensation roused me + from my first nap. As soon as I realized its nature, I rose to my feet, + feeling convinced I should do far better to spend the rest of the night in + the open air than beneath that inhospitable roof. Walking tiptoe I reached + the door, stepped over Don Jose, who was sleeping the sleep of the just, + and managed so well that I got outside the building without waking him. + Just beside the door there was a wide wooden bench. I lay down upon it, + and settled myself, as best I could, for the remainder of the night. I was + just closing my eyes for a second time when I fancied I saw the shadow of + a man and then the shadow of a horse moving absolutely noiselessly, one + behind the other. I sat upright, and then I thought I recognised Antonio. + Surprised to see him outside the stable at such an hour, I got up and went + toward him. He had seen me first, and had stopped to wait for me. + </p> + <p> + “Where is he?” Antonio inquired in a low tone. + </p> + <p> + “In the <i>venta</i>. He’s asleep. The bugs don’t trouble him. But what + are you going to do with that horse?” I then noticed that, to stifle all + noise as he moved out of the shed, Antonio had carefully muffled the + horse’s feet in the rags of an old blanket. + </p> + <p> + “Speak lower, for God’s sake,” said Antonio. “You don’t know who that man + is. He’s Jose Navarro, the most noted bandit in Andalusia. I’ve been + making signs to you all day long, and you wouldn’t understand.” + </p> + <p> + “What do I care whether he’s a brigand or not,” I replied. “He hasn’t + robbed us, and I’ll wager he doesn’t want to.” + </p> + <p> + “That may be. But there are two hundred ducats on his head. Some lancers + are stationed in a place I know, a league and a half from here, and before + daybreak I’ll bring a few brawny fellows back with me. I’d have taken his + horse away, but the brute’s so savage that nobody but Navarro can go near + it.” + </p> + <p> + “Devil take you!” I cried. “What harm has the poor fellow done you that + you should want to inform against him? And besides, are you certain he is + the brigand you take him for?” + </p> + <p> + “Perfectly certain! He came after me into the stable just now, and said, + ‘You seem to know me. If you tell that good gentleman who I am, I’ll blow + your brains out!’ You stay here, sir, keep close to him. You’ve nothing to + fear. As long as he knows you are there, he won’t suspect anything.” + </p> + <p> + As we talked, we had moved so far from the <i>venta</i> that the noise of + the horse’s hoofs could not be heard there. In a twinkling Antonio + snatched off the rags he had wrapped around the creature’s feet, and was + just about to climb on its back. In vain did I attempt with prayers and + threats to restrain him. + </p> + <p> + “I’m only a poor man, senor,” quoth he, “I can’t afford to lose two + hundred ducats—especially when I shall earn them by ridding the + country of such vermin. But mind what you’re about! If Navarro wakes up, + he’ll snatch at his blunderbuss, and then look out for yourself! I’ve gone + too far now to turn back. Do the best you can for yourself!” + </p> + <p> + The villain was in his saddle already, he spurred his horse smartly, and I + soon lost sight of them both in the darkness. + </p> + <p> + I was very angry with my guide, and terribly alarmed as well. After a + moment’s reflection, I made up my mind, and went back to the <i>venta</i>. + Don Jose was still sound asleep, making up, no doubt, for the fatigue and + sleeplessness of several days of adventure. I had to shake him roughly + before I could wake him up. Never shall I forget his fierce look, and the + spring he made to get hold of his blunderbuss, which, as a precautionary + measure, I had removed to some distance from his couch. + </p> + <p> + “Senor,” I said, “I beg your pardon for disturbing you. But I have a silly + question to ask you. Would you be glad to see half a dozen lancers walk in + here?” + </p> + <p> + He bounded to his feet, and in an awful voice he demanded: + </p> + <p> + “Who told you?” + </p> + <p> + “It’s little matter whence the warning comes, so long as it be good.” + </p> + <p> + “Your guide has betrayed me—but he shall pay for it! Where is he?” + </p> + <p> + “I don’t know. In the stable, I fancy. But somebody told me—” + </p> + <p> + “Who told you? It can’t be the old hag—” + </p> + <p> + “Some one I don’t know. Without more parleying, tell me, yes or no, have + you any reason for not waiting till the soldiers come? If you have any, + lose no time! If not, good-night to you, and forgive me for having + disturbed your slumbers!” + </p> + <p> + “Ah, your guide! Your guide! I had my doubts of him at first—but—I’ll + settle with him! Farewell, senor. May God reward you for the service I owe + you! I am not quite so wicked as you think me. Yes, I still have something + in me that an honest man may pity. Farewell, senor! I have only one regret—that + I can not pay my debt to you!” + </p> + <p> + “As a reward for the service I have done you, Don Jose, promise me you’ll + suspect nobody—nor seek for vengeance. Here are some cigars for your + journey. Good luck to you.” And I held out my hand to him. + </p> + <p> + He squeezed it, without a word, took up his wallet and blunderbuss, and + after saying a few words to the old woman in a lingo that I could not + understand, he ran out to the shed. A few minutes later, I heard him + galloping out into the country. + </p> + <p> + As for me, I lay down again on my bench, but I did not go to sleep again. + I queried in my own mind whether I had done right to save a robber, and + possibly a murderer, from the gallows, simply and solely because I had + eaten ham and rice in his company. Had I not betrayed my guide, who was + supporting the cause of law and order? Had I not exposed him to a + ruffian’s vengeance? But then, what about the laws of hospitality? + </p> + <p> + “A mere savage prejudice,” said I to myself. “I shall have to answer for + all the crimes this brigand may commit in future.” Yet is that instinct of + the conscience which resists every argument really a prejudice? It may be + I could not have escaped from the delicate position in which I found + myself without remorse of some kind. I was still tossed to and fro, in the + greatest uncertainty as to the morality of my behaviour, when I saw half a + dozen horsemen ride up, with Antonio prudently lagging behind them. I went + to meet them, and told them the brigand had fled over two hours + previously. The old woman, when she was questioned by the sergeant, + admitted that she knew Navarro, but said that living alone, as she did, + she would never have dared to risk her life by informing against him. She + added that when he came to her house, he habitually went away in the + middle of the night. I, for my part, was made to ride to a place some + leagues away, where I showed my passport, and signed a declaration before + the <i>Alcalde</i>. This done, I was allowed to recommence my + archaeological investigations. Antonio was sulky with me; suspecting it + was I who had prevented his earning those two hundred ducats. + Nevertheless, we parted good friends at Cordova, where I gave him as large + a gratuity as the state of my finances would permit. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER II + </h2> + <p> + I spent several days at Cordova. I had been told of a certain manuscript + in the library of the Dominican convent which was likely to furnish me + with very interesting details about the ancient Munda. The good fathers + gave me the most kindly welcome. I spent the daylight hours within their + convent, and at night I walked about the town. At Cordova a great many + idlers collect, toward sunset, in the quay that runs along the right bank + of the Guadalquivir. Promenaders on the spot have to breathe the odour of + a tan yard which still keeps up the ancient fame of the country in + connection with the curing of leather. But to atone for this, they enjoy a + sight which has a charm of its own. A few minutes before the Angelus bell + rings, a great company of women gathers beside the river, just below the + quay, which is rather a high one. Not a man would dare to join its ranks. + The moment the Angelus rings, darkness is supposed to have fallen. As the + last stroke sounds, all the women disrobe and step into the water. Then + there is laughing and screaming and a wonderful clatter. The men on the + upper quay watch the bathers, straining their eyes, and seeing very + little. Yet the white uncertain outlines perceptible against the dark-blue + waters of the stream stir the poetic mind, and the possessor of a little + fancy finds it not difficult to imagine that Diana and her nymphs are + bathing below, while he himself runs no risk of ending like Acteon. + </p> + <p> + I have been told that one day a party of good-for-nothing fellows banded + themselves together, and bribed the bell-ringer at the cathedral to ring + the Angelus some twenty minutes before the proper hour. Though it was + still broad daylight, the nymphs of the Guadalquivir never hesitated, and + putting far more trust in the Angelus bell than in the sun, they proceeded + to their bathing toilette—always of the simplest—with an easy + conscience. I was not present on that occasion. In my day, the bell-ringer + was incorruptible, the twilight was very dim, and nobody but a cat could + have distinguished the difference between the oldest orange woman, and the + prettiest shop-girl, in Cordova. + </p> + <p> + One evening, after it had grown quite dusk, I was leaning over the parapet + of the quay, smoking, when a woman came up the steps leading from the + river, and sat down near me. In her hair she wore a great bunch of jasmine—a + flower which, at night, exhales a most intoxicating perfume. She was + dressed simply, almost poorly, in black, as most work-girls are dressed in + the evening. Women of the richer class only wear black in the daytime, at + night they dress <i>a la francesa</i>. When she drew near me, the woman + let the mantilla which had covered her head drop on her shoulders, and “by + the dim light falling from the stars” I perceived her to be young, short + in stature, well-proportioned, and with very large eyes. I threw my cigar + away at once. She appreciated this mark of courtesy, essentially French, + and hastened to inform me that she was very fond of the smell of tobacco, + and that she even smoked herself, when she could get very mild <i>papelitos</i>. + I fortunately happened to have some such in my case, and at once offered + them to her. She condescended to take one, and lighted it at a burning + string which a child brought us, receiving a copper for its pains. We + mingled our smoke, and talked so long, the fair lady and I, that we ended + by being almost alone on the quay. I thought I might venture, without + impropriety, to suggest our going to eat an ice at the <i>neveria</i>.* + After a moment of modest demur, she agreed. But before finally accepting, + she desired to know what o’clock it was. I struck my repeater, and this + seemed to astound her greatly. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * A <i>cafĂ©</i> to which a depot of ice, or rather of snow, is + attached. There is hardly a village in Spain without its + <i>neveria</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “What clever inventions you foreigners do have! What country do you belong + to, sir? You’re an Englishman, no doubt!”* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Every traveller in Spain who does not carry about samples + of calicoes and silks is taken for an Englishman + (<i>inglesito</i>). It is the same thing in the East. +</pre> + <p> + “I’m a Frenchman, and your devoted servant. And you, senora, or senorita, + you probably belong to Cordova?” + </p> + <p> + “No.” + </p> + <p> + “At all events, you are an Andalusian? Your soft way of speaking makes me + think so.” + </p> + <p> + “If you notice people’s accent so closely, you must be able to guess what + I am.” + </p> + <p> + “I think you are from the country of Jesus, two paces out of Paradise.” + </p> + <p> + I had learned the metaphor, which stands for Andalusia, from my friend + Francisco Sevilla, a well-known <i>picador</i>. + </p> + <p> + “Pshaw! The people here say there is no place in Paradise for us!” + </p> + <p> + “Then perhaps you are of Moorish blood—or——” I stopped, + not venturing to add “a Jewess.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh come! You must see I’m a gipsy! Wouldn’t you like me to tell you <i>la + baji</i>?* Did you never hear tell of Carmencita? That’s who I am!” + </p> + <p> + * Your fortune. + </p> + <p> + I was such a miscreant in those days—now fifteen years ago—that + the close proximity of a sorceress did not make me recoil in horror. “So + be it!” I thought. “Last week I ate my supper with a highway robber. + To-day I’ll go and eat ices with a servant of the devil. A traveller + should see everything.” I had yet another motive for prosecuting her + acquaintance. When I left college—I acknowledge it with shame—I + had wasted a certain amount of time in studying occult science, and had + even attempted, more than once, to exorcise the powers of darkness. Though + I had been cured, long since, of my passion for such investigations, I + still felt a certain attraction and curiosity with regard to all + superstitions, and I was delighted to have this opportunity of discovering + how far the magic art had developed among the gipsies. + </p> + <p> + Talking as we went, we had reached the <i>neveria</i>, and seated + ourselves at a little table, lighted by a taper protected by a glass + globe. I then had time to take a leisurely view of my <i>gitana</i>, while + several worthy individuals, who were eating their ices, stared + open-mouthed at beholding me in such gay company. + </p> + <p> + I very much doubt whether Senorita Carmen was a pure-blooded gipsy. At all + events, she was infinitely prettier than any other woman of her race I + have ever seen. For a women to be beautiful, they say in Spain, she must + fulfil thirty <i>ifs</i>, or, if it please you better, you must be able to + define her appearance by ten adjectives, applicable to three portions of + her person. + </p> + <p> + For instance, three things about her must be black, her eyes, her + eyelashes, and her eyebrows. Three must be dainty, her fingers, her lips, + her hair, and so forth. For the rest of this inventory, see Brantome. My + gipsy girl could lay no claim to so many perfections. Her skin, though + perfectly smooth, was almost of a copper hue. Her eyes were set obliquely + in her head, but they were magnificent and large. Her lips, a little full, + but beautifully shaped, revealed a set of teeth as white as newly skinned + almonds. Her hair—a trifle coarse, perhaps—was black, with + blue lights on it like a raven’s wing, long and glossy. Not to weary my + readers with too prolix a description, I will merely add, that to every + blemish she united some advantage, which was perhaps all the more evident + by contrast. There was something strange and wild about her beauty. Her + face astonished you, at first sight, but nobody could forget it. Her eyes, + especially, had an expression of mingled sensuality and fierceness which I + had never seen in any other human glance. “Gipsy’s eye, wolf’s eye!” is a + Spanish saying which denotes close observation. If my readers have no time + to go to the “Jardin des Plantes” to study the wolf’s expression, they + will do well to watch the ordinary cat when it is lying in wait for a + sparrow. + </p> + <p> + It will be understood that I should have looked ridiculous if I had + proposed to have my fortune told in a <i>cafĂ©</i>. I therefore begged the + pretty witch’s leave to go home with her. She made no difficulties about + consenting, but she wanted to know what o’clock it was again, and + requested me to make my repeater strike once more. + </p> + <p> + “Is it really gold?” she said, gazing at it with rapt attention. + </p> + <p> + When we started off again, it was quite dark. Most of the shops were shut, + and the streets were almost empty. We crossed the bridge over the + Guadalquivir, and at the far end of the suburb we stopped in front of a + house of anything but palatial appearance. The door was opened by a child, + to whom the gipsy spoke a few words in a language unknown to me, which I + afterward understood to be <i>Romany</i>, or <i>chipe calli</i>—the + gipsy idiom. The child instantly disappeared, leaving us in sole + possession of a tolerably spacious room, furnished with a small table, two + stools, and a chest. I must not forget to mention a jar of water, a pile + of oranges, and a bunch of onions. + </p> + <p> + As soon as we were left alone, the gipsy produced, out of her chest, a + pack of cards, bearing signs of constant usage, a magnet, a dried + chameleon, and a few other indispensable adjuncts of her art. Then she + bade me cross my left hand with a silver coin, and the magic ceremonies + duly began. It is unnecessary to chronicle her predictions, and as for the + style of her performance, it proved her to be no mean sorceress. + </p> + <p> + Unluckily we were soon disturbed. The door was suddenly burst open, and a + man, shrouded to the eyes in a brown cloak, entered the room, + apostrophizing the gipsy in anything but gentle terms. What he said I + could not catch, but the tone of his voice revealed the fact that he was + in a very evil temper. The gipsy betrayed neither surprise nor anger at + his advent, but she ran to meet him, and with a most striking volubility, + she poured out several sentences in the mysterious language she had + already used in my presence. The word <i>payllo</i>, frequently + reiterated, was the only one I understood. I knew that the gipsies use it + to describe all men not of their own race. Concluding myself to be the + subject of this discourse, I was prepared for a somewhat delicate + explanation. I had already laid my hand on the leg of one of the stools, + and was studying within myself to discover the exact moment at which I had + better throw it at his head, when, roughly pushing the gipsy to one side, + the man advanced toward me. Then with a step backward he cried: + </p> + <p> + “What, sir! Is it you?” + </p> + <p> + I looked at him in my turn and recognised my friend Don Jose. At that + moment I did feel rather sorry I had saved him from the gallows. + </p> + <p> + “What, is it you, my good fellow?” I exclaimed, with as easy a smile as I + could muster. “You have interrupted this young lady just when she was + foretelling me most interesting things!” + </p> + <p> + “The same as ever. There shall be an end to it!” he hissed between his + teeth, with a savage glance at her. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile the <i>gitana</i> was still talking to him in her own tongue. + She became more and more excited. Her eyes grew fierce and bloodshot, her + features contracted, she stamped her foot. She seemed to me to be + earnestly pressing him to do something he was unwilling to do. What this + was I fancied I understood only too well, by the fashion in which she kept + drawing her little hand backward and forward under her chin. I was + inclined to think she wanted to have somebody’s throat cut, and I had a + fair suspicion the throat in question was my own. To all her torrent of + eloquence Don Jose’s only reply was two or three shortly spoken words. At + this the gipsy cast a glance of the most utter scorn at him, then, seating + herself Turkish-fashion in a corner of the room, she picked out an orange, + tore off the skin, and began to eat it. + </p> + <p> + Don Jose took hold of my arm, opened the door, and led me into the street. + We walked some two hundred paces in the deepest silence. Then he stretched + out his hand. + </p> + <p> + “Go straight on,” he said, “and you’ll come to the bridge.” + </p> + <p> + That instant he turned his back on me and departed at a great pace. I took + my way back to my inn, rather crestfallen, and considerably out of temper. + The worst of all was that, when I undressed, I discovered my watch was + missing. + </p> + <p> + Various considerations prevented me from going to claim it next day, or + requesting the <i>Corregidor</i> to be good enough to have a search made + for it. I finished my work on the Dominican manuscript, and went on to + Seville. After several months spent wandering hither and thither in + Andalusia, I wanted to get back to Madrid, and with that object I had to + pass through Cordova. I had no intention of making any stay there, for I + had taken a dislike to that fair city, and to the ladies who bathed in the + Guadalquivir. Nevertheless, I had some visits to pay, and certain errands + to do, which must detain me several days in the old capital of the + Mussulman princes. + </p> + <p> + The moment I made my appearance in the Dominican convent, one of the + monks, who had always shown the most lively interest in my inquiries as to + the site of the battlefield of Munda, welcomed me with open arms, + exclaiming: + </p> + <p> + “Praised be God! You are welcome! My dear friend. We all thought you were + dead, and I myself have said many a <i>pater</i> and <i>ave</i> (not that + I regret them!) for your soul. Then you weren’t murdered, after all? That + you were robbed, we know!” + </p> + <p> + “What do you mean?” I asked, rather astonished. + </p> + <p> + “Oh, you know! That splendid repeater you used to strike in the library + whenever we said it was time for us to go into church. Well, it has been + found, and you’ll get it back.” + </p> + <p> + “Why,” I broke in, rather put out of countenance, “I lost it—” + </p> + <p> + “The rascal’s under lock and key, and as he was known to be a man who + would shoot any Christian for the sake of a <i>peseta</i>, we were most + dreadfully afraid he had killed you. I’ll go with you to the <i>Corregidor</i>, + and he’ll give you back your fine watch. And after that, you won’t dare to + say the law doesn’t do its work properly in Spain.” + </p> + <p> + “I assure you,” said I, “I’d far rather lose my watch than have to give + evidence in court to hang a poor unlucky devil, and especially because—because——” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, you needn’t be alarmed! He’s thoroughly done for; they might hang him + twice over. But when I say hang, I say wrong. Your thief is an <i>Hidalgo</i>. + So he’s to be garrotted the day after to-morrow, without fail.* So you see + one theft more or less won’t affect his position. Would to God he had done + nothing but steal! But he has committed several murders, one more hideous + than the other.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * In 1830, the noble class still enjoyed this privilege. + Nowadays, under the constitutional <i>regime</i>, commoners have + attained the same dignity. +</pre> + <p> + “What’s his name?” + </p> + <p> + “In this country he is only known as Jose Navarro, but he has another + Basque name, which neither your nor I will ever be able to pronounce. By + the way, the man is worth seeing, and you, who like to study the peculiar + features of each country, shouldn’t lose this chance of noting how a + rascal bids farewell to this world in Spain. He is in jail, and Father + Martinez will take you to him.” + </p> + <p> + So bent was my Dominican friend on my seeing the preparations for this + “neat little hanging job” that I was fain to agree. I went to see the + prisoner, having provided myself with a bundle of cigars, which I hoped + might induce him to forgive my intrusion. + </p> + <p> + I was ushered into Don Jose’s presence just as he was sitting at table. He + greeted me with a rather distant nod, and thanked me civilly for the + present I had brought him. Having counted the cigars in the bundle I had + placed in his hand, he took out a certain number and returned me the rest, + remarking that he would not need any more of them. + </p> + <p> + I inquired whether by laying out a little money, or by applying to my + friends, I might not be able to do something to soften his lot. He + shrugged his shoulders, to begin with, smiling sadly. Soon, as by an + after-thought, he asked me to have a mass said for the repose of his soul. + </p> + <p> + Then he added nervously: “Would you—would you have another said for + a person who did you a wrong?” + </p> + <p> + “Assuredly I will, my dear fellow,” I answered. “But no one in this + country has wronged me so far as I know.” + </p> + <p> + He took my hand and squeezed it, looking very grave. After a moment’s + silence, he spoke again. + </p> + <p> + “Might I dare to ask another service of you? When you go back to your own + country perhaps you will pass through Navarre. At all events you’ll go by + Vittoria, which isn’t very far off.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said I, “I shall certainly pass through Vittoria. But I may very + possibly go round by Pampeluna, and for your sake, I believe I should be + very glad to do it.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, if you do go to Pampeluna, you’ll see more than one thing that will + interest you. It’s a fine town. I’ll give you this medal,” he showed me a + little silver medal that he wore hung around his neck. “You’ll wrap it up + in paper”—he paused a moment to master his emotion—“and you’ll + take it, or send it, to an old lady whose address I’ll give you. Tell her + I am dead—but don’t tell her how I died.” + </p> + <p> + I promised to perform his commission. I saw him the next day, and spent + part of it in his company. From his lips I learned the sad incidents that + follow. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER III + </h2> + <p> + “I was born,” he said, “at Elizondo, in the valley of Baztan. My name is + Don Jose Lizzarrabengoa, and you know enough of Spain, sir, to know at + once, by my name, that I come of an old Christian and Basque stock. I call + myself Don, because I have a right to it, and if I were at Elizondo I + could show you my parchment genealogy. My family wanted me to go into the + church, and made me study for it, but I did not like work. I was too fond + of playing tennis, and that was my ruin. When we Navarrese begin to play + tennis, we forget everything else. One day, when I had won the game, a + young fellow from Alava picked a quarrel with me. We took to our <i>maquilas</i>,* + and I won again. But I had to leave the neighbourhood. I fell in with some + dragoons, and enlisted in the Almanza Cavalry Regiment. Mountain folks + like us soon learn to be soldiers. Before long I was a corporal, and I had + been told I should soon be made a sergeant, when, to my misfortune, I was + put on guard at the Seville Tobacco Factory. If you have been to Seville + you have seen the great building, just outside the ramparts, close to the + Guadalquivir; I can fancy I see the entrance, and the guard room just + beside it, even now. When Spanish soldiers are on duty, they either play + cards or go to sleep. I, like an honest Navarrese, always tried to keep + myself busy. I was making a chain to hold my priming-pin, out of a bit of + wire: all at once, my comrades said, ‘there’s the bell ringing, the girls + are coming back to work.’ You must know, sir, that there are quite four or + five hundred women employed in the factory. They roll the cigars in a + great room into which no man can go without a permit from the <i>Veintiquatro</i>,** + because when the weather is hot they make themselves at home, especially + the young ones. When the work-girls come back after their dinner, numbers + of young men go down to see them pass by, and talk all sorts of nonsense + to them. Very few of those young ladies will refuse a silk mantilla, and + men who care for that sort of sport have nothing to do but bend down and + pick their fish up. While the others watched the girls go by, I stayed on + my bench near the door. I was a young fellow then—my heart was still + in my own country, and I didn’t believe in any pretty girls who hadn’t + blue skirts and long plaits of hair falling on their shoulders.*** And + besides, I was rather afraid of the Andalusian women. I had not got used + to their ways yet; they were always jeering one—never spoke a single + word of sense. So I was sitting with my nose down upon my chain, when I + heard some bystanders say, ‘Here comes the <i>gitanella</i>!’ Then I + lifted up my eyes, and I saw her! It was that very Carmen you know, and in + whose rooms I met you a few months ago. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Iron-shod sticks used by the Basques. + + ** Magistrate in charge of the municipal police + arrangements, and local government regulations. + + *** The costume usually worn by peasant women in Navarre and + the Basque Provinces. +</pre> + <p> + “She was wearing a very short skirt, below which her white silk stockings—with + more than one hole in them—and her dainty red morocco shoes, + fastened with flame-coloured ribbons, were clearly seen. She had thrown + her mantilla back, to show her shoulders, and a great bunch of acacia that + was thrust into her chemise. She had another acacia blossom in the corner + of her mouth, and she walked along, swaying her hips, like a filly from + the Cordova stud farm. In my country anybody who had seen a woman dressed + in that fashion would have crossed himself. At Seville every man paid her + some bold compliment on her appearance. She had an answer for each and + all, with her hand on her hip, as bold as the thorough gipsy she was. At + first I didn’t like her looks, and I fell to my work again. But she, like + all women and cats, who won’t come if you call them, and do come if you + don’t call them, stopped short in front of me, and spoke to me. + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Compadre</i>,’ said she, in the Andalusian fashion, ‘won’t you give + me your chain for the keys of my strong box?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘It’s for my priming-pin,’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Your priming-pin!’ she cried, with a laugh. ‘Oho! I suppose the + gentleman makes lace, as he wants pins!’ + </p> + <p> + “Everybody began to laugh, and I felt myself getting red in the face, and + couldn’t hit on anything in answer. + </p> + <p> + “‘Come, my love!’ she began again, ‘make me seven ells of lace for my + mantilla, my pet pin-maker!’ + </p> + <p> + “And taking the acacia blossom out of her mouth she flipped it at me with + her thumb so that it hit me just between the eyes. I tell you, sir, I felt + as if a bullet had struck me. I didn’t know which way to look. I sat + stock-still, like a wooden board. When she had gone into the factory, I + saw the acacia blossom, which had fallen on the ground between my feet. I + don’t know what made me do it, but I picked it up, unseen by any of my + comrades, and put it carefully inside my jacket. That was my first folly. + </p> + <p> + “Two or three hours later I was still thinking about her, when a panting, + terrified-looking porter rushed into the guard-room. He told us a woman + had been stabbed in the great cigar-room, and that the guard must be sent + in at once. The sergeant told me to take two men, and go and see to it. I + took my two men and went upstairs. Imagine, sir, that when I got into the + room, I found, to begin with, some three hundred women, stripped to their + shifts, or very near it, all of them screaming and yelling and + gesticulating, and making such a row that you couldn’t have heard God’s + own thunder. On one side of the room one of the women was lying on the + broad of her back, streaming with blood, with an X newly cut on her face + by two strokes of a knife. Opposite the wounded woman, whom the + best-natured of the band were attending, I saw Carmen, held by five or six + of her comrades. The wounded woman was crying out, ‘A confessor, a + confessor! I’m killed!’ Carmen said nothing at all. She clinched her teeth + and rolled her eyes like a chameleon. ‘What’s this?’ I asked. I had hard + work to find out what had happened, for all the work-girls talked at once. + It appeared that the injured girl had boasted she had money enough in her + pocket to buy a donkey at the Triana Market. ‘Why,’ said Carmen, who had a + tongue of her own, ‘can’t you do with a broom?’ Stung by this taunt, it + may be because she felt herself rather unsound in that particular, the + other girl replied that she knew nothing about brooms, seeing she had not + the honour of being either a gipsy or one of the devil’s godchildren, but + that the Senorita Carmen would shortly make acquaintance with her donkey, + when the <i>Corregidor</i> took her out riding with two lackeys behind her + to keep the flies off. ‘Well,’ retorted Carmen, ‘I’ll make troughs for the + flies to drink out of on your cheeks, and I’ll paint a draught-board on + them!’ * And thereupon, slap, bank! She began making St. Andrew’s crosses + on the girl’s face with a knife she had been using for cutting off the + ends of the cigars. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Pintar un javeque</i>, “paint a xebec,” a particular type of + ship. Most Spanish vessels of this description have a + checkered red and white stripe painted around them. +</pre> + <p> + “The case was quite clear. I took hold of Carmen’s arm. ‘Sister mine,’ I + said civilly, ‘you must come with me.’ She shot a glance of recognition at + me, but she said, with a resigned look: ‘Let’s be off. Where is my + mantilla?’ She put it over her head so that only one of her great eyes was + to be seen, and followed my two men, as quiet as a lamb. When we got to + the guardroom the sergeant said it was a serious job, and he must send her + to prison. I was told off again to take her there. I put her between two + dragoons, as a corporal does on such occasions. We started off for the + town. The gipsy had begun by holding her tongue. But when we got to the <i>Calle + de la Serpiente</i>—you know it, and that it earns its name by its + many windings—she began by dropping her mantilla on to her + shoulders, so as to show me her coaxing little face, and turning round to + me as well as she could, she said: + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Oficial mio</i>, where are you taking me to?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘To prison, my poor child,’ I replied, as gently as I could, just as any + kind-hearted soldier is bound to speak to a prisoner, and especially to a + woman. + </p> + <p> + “‘Alack! What will become of me! Senor Oficial, have pity on me! You are + so young, so good-looking.’ Then, in a lower tone, she said, ‘Let me get + away, and I’ll give you a bit of the <i>bar lachi</i>, that will make + every woman fall in love with you!’ + </p> + <p> + “The <i>bar lachi</i>, sir, is the loadstone, with which the gipsies + declare one who knows how to use it can cast any number of spells. If you + can make a woman drink a little scrap of it, powdered, in a glass of white + wine, she’ll never be able to resist you. I answered, as gravely as I + could: + </p> + <p> + “‘We are not here to talk nonsense. You’ll have to go to prison. Those are + my orders, and there’s no help for it!’ + </p> + <p> + “We men from the Basque country have an accent which all Spaniards easily + recognise; on the other hand, not one of them can ever learn to say <i>Bai, + jaona</i>!* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Yes, sir. +</pre> + <p> + “So Carmen easily guessed I was from the Provinces. You know, sir, that + the gipsies, who belong to no particular country, and are always moving + about, speak every language, and most of them are quite at home in + Portugal, in France, in our Provinces, in Catalonia, or anywhere else. + They can even make themselves understood by Moors and English people. + Carmen knew Basque tolerably well. + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Laguna ene bihotsarena</i>, comrade of my heart,’ said she suddenly. + ‘Do you belong to our country?’ + </p> + <p> + “Our language is so beautiful, sir, that when we hear it in a foreign + country it makes us quiver. I wish,” added the bandit in a lower tone, “I + could have a confessor from my own country.” + </p> + <p> + After a silence, he began again. + </p> + <p> + “‘I belong to Elizondo,’ I answered in Basque, very much affected by the + sound of my own language. + </p> + <p> + “‘I come from Etchalar,’ said she (that’s a district about four hours’ + journey from my home). ‘I was carried off to Seville by the gipsies. I was + working in the factory to earn enough money to take me back to Navarre, to + my poor old mother, who has no support in the world but me, besides her + little <i>barratcea</i>* with twenty cider-apple trees in it. Ah! if I + were only back in my own country, looking up at the white mountains! I + have been insulted here, because I don’t belong to this land of rogues and + sellers of rotten oranges; and those hussies are all banded together + against me, because I told them that not all their Seville <i>jacques</i>,** + and all their knives, would frighten an honest lad from our country, with + his blue cap and his <i>maquila</i>! Good comrade, won’t you do anything + to help your own countrywoman?’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Field, garden. + + ** Bravos, boasters. +</pre> + <p> + “She was lying then, sir, as she has always lied. I don’t know that that + girl ever spoke a word of truth in her life, but when she did speak, I + believed her—I couldn’t help myself. She mangled her Basque words, + and I believed she came from Navarre. But her eyes and her mouth and her + skin were enough to prove she was a gipsy. I was mad, I paid no more + attention to anything, I thought to myself that if the Spaniards had dared + to speak evil of my country, I would have slashed their faces just as she + had slashed her comrade’s. In short, I was like a drunken man, I was + beginning to say foolish things, and I was very near doing them. + </p> + <p> + “‘If I were to give you a push and you tumbled down, good + fellow-countryman,’ she began again in Basque, ‘those two Castilian + recruits wouldn’t be able to keep me back.’ + </p> + <p> + “Faith, I forgot my orders, I forgot everything, and I said to her, ‘Well, + then, my friend, girl of my country, try it, and may our Lady of the + Mountain help you through.’ + </p> + <p> + “Just at that moment we were passing one of the many narrow lanes one sees + in Seville. All at once Carmen turned and struck me in the chest with her + fist. I tumbled backward, purposely. With a bound she sprang over me, and + ran off, showing us a pair of legs! People talk about a pair of Basque + legs! but hers were far better—as fleet as they were well-turned. As + for me, I picked myself up at once, but I stuck out my lance* crossways + and barred the street, so that my comrades were checked at the very first + moment of pursuit. Then I started to run myself, and they after me—but + how were we to catch her? There was no fear of that, what with our spurs, + our swords, and our lances. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * All Spanish cavalry soldiers carry lances. +</pre> + <p> + “In less time than I have taken to tell you the story the prisoner had + disappeared. And besides, every gossip in the quarter covered her flight, + poked scorn at us, and pointed us in the wrong direction. After a good + deal of marching and countermarching, we had to go back to the guard-room + without a receipt from the governor of the jail. + </p> + <p> + “To avoid punishment, my men made known that Carmen had spoken to me in + Basque; and to tell the truth, it did not seem very natural that a blow + from such a little creature should have so easily overthrown a strong + fellow like me. The whole thing looked suspicious, or, at all events, not + over-clear. When I came off guard I lost my corporal’s stripes, and was + condemned to a month’s imprisonment. It was the first time I had been + punished since I had been in the service. Farewell, now, to the sergeant’s + stripes, on which I had reckoned so surely! + </p> + <p> + “The first days in prison were very dreary. When I enlisted I had fancied + I was sure to become an officer, at all events. Two of my compatriots, + Longa and Mina, are captains-general, after all. Chapalangarra was a + colonel, and I have played tennis a score of times with his brother, who + was just a needy fellow like myself. ‘Now,’ I kept crying to myself, ‘all + the time you served without being punished has been lost. Now you have a + bad mark against your name, and to get yourself back into the officers’ + good graces you’ll have to work ten times as hard as when you joined as a + recruit.’ And why have I got myself punished? For the sake of a gipsy + hussy, who made game of me, and who at this moment is busy thieving in + some corner of the town. Yet I couldn’t help thinking about her. Will you + believe it, sir, those silk stockings of hers with the holes in them, of + which she had given me such a full view as she took to her heels, were + always before my eyes? I used to look through the barred windows of the + jail into the street, and among all the women who passed I never could see + one to compare with that minx of a girl—and then, in spite of + myself, I used to smell the acacia blossom she had thrown at me, and + which, dry as it was, still kept its sweet scent. If there are such things + as witches, that girl certainly was one. + </p> + <p> + “One day the jailer came in, and gave me an Alcala roll.* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Alcala de los Panaderos</i>, a village two leagues from + Seville, where the most delicious rolls are made. They are + said to owe their quality to the water of the place, and + great quantities of them are brought to Seville every day. +</pre> + <p> + “‘Look here,’ said he, ‘this is what your cousin has sent you.’ + </p> + <p> + “I took the loaf, very much astonished, for I had no cousin in Seville. It + may be a mistake, thought I, as I looked at the roll, but it was so + appetizing and smelt so good, that I made up my mind to eat it, without + troubling my head as to whence it came, or for whom it was really + intended. + </p> + <p> + “When I tried to cut it, my knife struck on something hard. I looked, and + found a little English file, which had been slipped into the dough before + the roll had been baked. The roll also contained a gold piece of two + piastres. Then I had no further doubt—it was a present from Carmen. + To people of her blood, liberty is everything, and they would set a town + on fire to save themselves one day in prison. The girl was artful, indeed, + and armed with that roll, I might have snapped my fingers at the jailers. + In one hour, with that little file, I could have sawn through the thickest + bar, and with the gold coin I could have exchanged my soldier’s cloak for + civilian garb at the nearest shop. You may fancy that a man who has often + taken the eaglets out of their nests in our cliff would have found no + difficulty in getting down to the street out of a window less than thirty + feet above it. But I didn’t choose to escape. I still had a soldier’s code + of honour, and desertion appeared to me in the light of a heinous crime. + Yet this proof of remembrance touched me. When a man is in prison he likes + to think he has a friend outside who takes an interest in him. The gold + coin did rather offend me; I should have very much liked to return it; but + where was I to find my creditor? That did not seem a very easy task. + </p> + <p> + “After the ceremony of my degradation I had fancied my sufferings were + over, but I had another humiliation before me. That came when I left + prison, and was told off for duty, and put on sentry, as a private + soldier. You can not conceive what a proud man endures at such a moment. I + believe I would have just as soon been shot dead—then I should have + marched alone at the head of my platoon, at all events; I should have felt + I was somebody, with the eyes of others fixed upon me. + </p> + <p> + “I was posted as sentry on the door of the colonel’s house. The colonel + was a young man, rich, good-natured, fond of amusing himself. All the + young officers were there, and many civilians as well, besides ladies—actresses, + as it was said. For my part, it seemed to me as if the whole town had + agreed to meet at that door, in order to stare at me. Then up drove the + colonel’s carriage, with his valet on the box. And who should I see get + out of it, but the gipsy girl! She was dressed up, this time, to the eyes, + togged out in golden ribbons—a spangled gown, blue shoes, all + spangled too, flowers and gold lace all over her. In her hand she carried + a tambourine. With her there were two other gipsy women, one young and one + old. They always have one old woman who goes with them, and then an old + man with a guitar, a gipsy too, to play alone, and also for their dances. + You must know these gipsy girls are often sent for to private houses, to + dance their special dance, the <i>Romalis</i>, and often, too, for quite + other purposes. + </p> + <p> + “Carmen recognised me, and we exchanged glances. I don’t know why, but at + that moment I should have liked to have been a hundred feet beneath the + ground. + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Agur laguna</i>,’ * said she. ‘Oficial mio! You keep guard like a + recruit,’ and before I could find a word in answer, she was inside the + house. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Good-day, comrade! +</pre> + <p> + “The whole party was assembled in the <i>patio</i>, and in spite of the + crowd I could see nearly everything that went on through the lattice.* I + could hear the castanets and the tambourine, the laughter and applause. + Sometimes I caught a glimpse of her head as she bounded upward with her + tambourine. Then I could hear the officers saying many things to her which + brought the blood to my face. As to her answers, I knew nothing of them. + It was on that day, I think, that I began to love her in earnest—for + three or four times I was tempted to rush into the <i>patio</i>, and drive + my sword into the bodies of all the coxcombs who were making love to her. + My torture lasted a full hour; then the gipsies came out, and the carriage + took them away. As she passed me by, Carmen looked at me with those eyes + you know, and said to me very low, ‘Comrade, people who are fond of good + <i>fritata</i> come to eat it at Lillas Pastia’s at Triana!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * In most of the houses in Seville there is an inner court + surrounded by an arched portico. This is used as a sitting- + room in summer. Over the court is stretched a piece of tent + cloth, which is watered during the day and removed at night. + The street door is almost always left open, and the passage + leading to the court (<i>zaguan</i>) is closed by an iron lattice + of very elegant workmanship. +</pre> + <p> + “Then, light as a kid, she stepped into the carriage, the coachman whipped + up his mules, and the whole merry party departed, whither I know not. + </p> + <p> + “You may fancy that the moment I was off guard I went to Triana; but first + of all I got myself shaved and brushed myself up as if I had been going on + parade. She was living with Lillas Pastia, an old fried-fish seller, a + gipsy, as black as a Moor, to whose house a great many civilians resorted + to eat <i>fritata</i>, especially, I think, because Carmen had taken up + her quarters there. + </p> + <p> + “‘Lillas,’ she said, as soon as she saw me. ‘I’m not going to work any + more to-day. To-morrow will be a day, too.* Come, fellow-countryman, let + us go for a walk!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Manana sera otro dia.</i>—A Spanish proverb. +</pre> + <p> + “She pulled her mantilla across her nose, and there we were in the street, + without my knowing in the least whither I was bound. + </p> + <p> + “‘Senorita,’ said I, ‘I think I have to thank you for a present I had + while I was in prison. I’ve eaten the bread; the file will do for + sharpening my lance, and I keep it in remembrance of you. But as for the + money, here it is.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Why, he’s kept the money!’ she exclaimed, bursting out laughing. ‘But, + after all, that’s all the better—for I’m decidedly hard up! What + matter! The dog that runs never starves!* Come, let’s spend it all! You + shall treat.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Chuquel sos pirela, cocal terela</i>. “The dog that runs + finds a bone.”—Gipsy proverb. +</pre> + <p> + “We had turned back toward Seville. At the entrance of the <i>Calle de la + Serpiente</i> she bought a dozen oranges, which she made me put into my + handkerchief. A little farther on she bought a roll, a sausage, and a + bottle of manzanilla. Then, last of all, she turned into a confectioner’s + shop. There she threw the gold coin I had returned to her on the counter, + with another she had in her pocket, and some small silver, and then she + asked me for all the money I had. All I possessed was one peseta and a few + cuartos, which I handed over to her, very much ashamed of not having more. + I thought she would have carried away the whole shop. She took everything + that was best and dearest, <i>yemas</i>,* <i>turon</i>,** preserved fruits—as + long as the money lasted. And all these, too, I had to carry in paper + bags. Perhaps you know the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>, where there is a + head of Don Pedro the Avenger.*** That head ought to have given me pause. + We stopped at an old house in that street. She passed into the entry, and + knocked at a door on the ground floor. It was opened by a gipsy, a + thorough-paced servant of the devil. Carmen said a few words to her in + Romany. At first the old hag grumbled. To smooth her down Carmen gave her + a couple of oranges and a handful of sugar-plums, and let her have a taste + of wine. Then she hung her cloak on her back, and led her to the door, + which she fastened with a wooden bar. As soon as we were alone she began + to laugh and caper like a lunatic, singing out, ‘You are my <i>rom</i>, + I’m your <i>romi</i>.‘**** + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Sugared yolks of eggs. + + ** A sort of nougat. + + *** This king, Don Pedro, whom we call “the Cruel,” and whom + Queen Isabella, the Catholic, never called anything but “the + Avenger,” was fond of walking about the streets of Seville + at night in search of adventures, like the Caliph Haroun al + Raschid. One night, in a lonely street, he quarrelled with a + man who was singing a serenade. There was a fight, and the + king killed the amorous <i>caballero</i>. At the clashing of + their swords, an old woman put her head out of the window + and lighted up the scene with a tiny lamp (candilejo) which + she held in her hand. My readers must be informed that King + Don Pedro, though nimble and muscular, suffered from one + strange fault in his physical conformation. Whenever he + walked his knees cracked loudly. By this cracking the old + woman easily recognised him. The next day the <i>veintiquatro</i> + in charge came to make his report to the king. “Sir, a duel + was fought last night in such a street—one of the + combatants is dead.” “Have you found the murderer?” “Yes, + sir.” “Why has he not been punished already?” “Sir, I await + your orders!” “Carry out the law.” Now the king had just + published a decree that every duellist was to have his head + cut off, and that head was to be set up on the scene of the + fight. The <i>veintiquatro</i> got out of the difficulty like a + clever man. He had the head sawed off a statue of the king, + and set that up in a niche in the middle of the street in + which the murder had taken place. The king and all the + Sevillians thought this a very good joke. The street took + its name from the lamp held by the old woman, the only + witness of the incident. The above is the popular tradition. + Zuniga tells the story somewhat differently. However that + may be, a street called <i>Calle del Candilejo</i> still exists + in Seville, and in that street there is a bust which is said + to be a portrait of Don Pedro. This bust, unfortunately, is + a modern production. During the seventeenth century the old + one had become very much defaced, and the municipality had + it replaced by that now to be seen. + + **** <i>Rom</i>, husband. <i>Romi</i>, wife. +</pre> + <p> + “There I stood in the middle of the room, laden with all her purchases, + and not knowing where I was to put them down. She tumbled them all onto + the floor, and threw her arms round my neck, saying: + </p> + <p> + “‘I pay my debts, I pay my debts! That’s the law of the <i>Cales</i>.‘* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Calo</i>, feminine <i>calli</i>, plural <i>cales</i>. Literally + “black,” the name the gipsies apply to themselves in their + own language. +</pre> + <p> + “Ah, sir, that day! that day! When I think of it I forget what to-morrow + must bring me!” + </p> + <p> + For a moment the bandit held his peace, then, when he had relighted his + cigar, he began afresh. + </p> + <p> + “We spent the whole day together, eating, drinking, and so forth. When she + had stuffed herself with sugar-plums, like any child of six years old, she + thrust them by handfuls into the old woman’s water-jar. ‘That’ll make + sherbet for her,’ she said. She smashed the <i>yemas</i> by throwing them + against the walls. ‘They’ll keep the flies from bothering us.’ There was + no prank or wild frolic she didn’t indulge in. I told her I should have + liked to see her dance, only there were no castanets to be had. Instantly + she seized the old woman’s only earthenware plate, smashed it up, and + there she was dancing the <i>Romalis</i>, and making the bits of broken + crockery rattle as well as if they had been ebony and ivory castanets. + That girl was good company, I can tell you! Evening fell, and I heard the + drums beating tattoo. + </p> + <p> + “‘I must get back to quarters for roll-call,’ I said. + </p> + <p> + “‘To quarters!’ she answered, with a look of scorn. ‘Are you a negro + slave, to let yourself be driven with a ramrod like that! You are as silly + as a canary bird. Your dress suits your nature.* Pshaw! you’ve no more + heart than a chicken.’ + </p> + <p> + * Spanish dragoons wear a yellow uniform. + </p> + <p> + “I stayed on, making up my mind to the inevitable guard-room. The next + morning the first suggestion of parting came from her. + </p> + <p> + “‘Hark ye, Joseito,’ she said. ‘Have I paid you? By our law, I owed you + nothing, because you’re a <i>payllo</i>. But you’re a good-looking fellow, + and I took a fancy to you. Now we’re quits. Good-day!’ + </p> + <p> + “I asked her when I should see her again. + </p> + <p> + “‘When you’re less of a simpleton,’ she retorted, with a laugh. Then, in a + more serious tone, ‘Do you know, my son, I really believe I love you a + little; but that can’t last! The dog and the wolf can’t agree for long. + Perhaps if you turned gipsy, I might care to be your <i>romi</i>. But + that’s all nonsense, such things aren’t possible. Pshaw! my boy. Believe + me, you’re well out of it. You’ve come across the devil—he isn’t + always black—and you’ve not had your neck wrung. I wear a woollen + suit, but I’m no sheep.* Go and burn a candle to your <i>majari</i>,** she + deserves it well. Come, good-by once more. Don’t think any more about <i>La + Carmencita</i>, or she’ll end by making you marry a widow with wooden + legs.‘*** + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Me dicas vriarda de jorpoy, bus ne sino braco</i>.—A gipsy + proverb. + + ** The Saint, the Holy Virgin. + + *** The gallows, which is the widow of the last man hanged + upon it. +</pre> + <p> + “As she spoke, she drew back the bar that closed the door, and once we + were out in the street she wrapped her mantilla about her, and turned on + her heel. + </p> + <p> + “She spoke the truth. I should have done far better never to think of her + again. But after that day in the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i> I couldn’t + think of anything else. All day long I used to walk about, hoping I might + meet her. I sought news of her from the old hag, and from the fried-fish + seller. They both told me she had gone away to <i>Laloro</i>, which is + their name for Portugal. They probably said it by Carmen’s orders, but I + soon found out they were lying. Some weeks after my day in the <i>Calle + del Candilejo</i> I was on duty at one of the town gates. A little way + from the gate there was a breach in the wall. The masons were working at + it in the daytime, and at night a sentinel was posted on it, to prevent + smugglers from getting in. All through one day I saw Lillas Pastia going + backward and forward near the guard-room, and talking to some of my + comrades. They all knew him well, and his fried-fish and fritters even + better. He came up to me, and asked if I had any news of Carmen. + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Well,’ said he, ‘you’ll soon hear of her, old fellow.’ + </p> + <p> + “He was not mistaken. That night I was posted to guard the breach in the + wall. As soon as the sergeant had disappeared I saw a woman coming toward + me. My heart told me it was Carmen. Still I shouted: + </p> + <p> + “‘Keep off! Nobody can pass here!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Now, don’t be spiteful,’ she said, making herself known to me. + </p> + <p> + “‘What! you here, Carmen?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes, <i>mi payllo</i>. Let us say few words, but wise ones. Would you + like to earn a douro? Some people will be coming with bundles. Let them + alone.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I, ‘I must not allow them through. These are my orders.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Orders! orders! You didn’t think about orders in the <i>Calle del + Candilejo</i>!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Ah!’ I cried, quite maddened by the very thought of that night. ‘It was + well worth while to forget my orders for that! But I won’t have any + smuggler’s money!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Well, if you won’t have money, shall we go and dine together at old + Dorotea’s?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I, half choked by the effort it cost me. ‘No, I can’t.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Very good! If you make so many difficulties, I know to whom I can go. + I’ll ask your officer if he’ll come with me to Dorotea’s. He looks + good-natured, and he’ll post a sentry who’ll only see what he had better + see. Good-bye, canary-bird! I shall have a good laugh the day the order + comes out to hang you!’ + </p> + <p> + “I was weak enough to call her back, and I promised to let the whole of + gipsydom pass in, if that were necessary, so that I secured the only + reward I longed for. She instantly swore she would keep her word + faithfully the very next day, and ran off to summon her friends, who were + close by. There were five of them, of whom Pastia was one, all well loaded + with English goods. Carmen kept watch for them. She was to warn them with + her castanets the instant she caught sight of the patrol. But there was no + necessity for that. The smugglers finished their job in a moment. + </p> + <p> + “The next day I went to the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>. Carmen kept me + waiting, and when she came, she was in rather a bad temper. + </p> + <p> + “‘I don’t like people who have to be pressed,’ she said. ‘You did me a + much greater service the first time, without knowing you’d gain anything + by it. Yesterday you bargained with me. I don’t know why I’ve come, for I + don’t care for you any more. Here, be off with you. Here’s a douro for + your trouble.’ + </p> + <p> + “I very nearly threw the coin at her head, and I had to make a violent + effort to prevent myself from actually beating her. After we had wrangled + for an hour I went off in a fury. For some time I wandered about the town, + walking hither and thither like a madman. At last I went into a church, + and getting into the darkest corner I could find, I cried hot tears. All + at once I heard a voice. + </p> + <p> + “‘A dragoon in tears. I’ll make a philter of them!’ + </p> + <p> + “I looked up. There was Carmen in front of me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Well, <i>mi payllo</i>, are you still angry with me?’ she said. ‘I must + care for you in spite of myself, for since you left me I don’t know what + has been the matter with me. Look you, it is I who ask you to come to the + <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>, now!’ + </p> + <p> + “So we made it up: but Carmen’s temper was like the weather in our + country. The storm is never so close, in our mountains, as when the sun is + at its brightest. She had promised to meet me again at Dorotea’s, but she + didn’t come. + </p> + <p> + “And Dorotea began telling me again that she had gone off to Portugal + about some gipsy business. + </p> + <p> + “As experience had already taught me how much of that I was to believe, I + went about looking for Carmen wherever I thought she might be, and twenty + times in every day I walked through the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>. One + evening I was with Dorotea, whom I had almost tamed by giving her a glass + of anisette now and then, when Carmen walked in, followed by a young man, + a lieutenant in our regiment. + </p> + <p> + “‘Get away at once,’ she said to me in Basque. I stood there, dumfounded, + my heart full of rage. + </p> + <p> + “‘What are you doing here?’ said the lieutenant to me. ‘Take yourself off—get + out of this.’ + </p> + <p> + “I couldn’t move a step. I felt paralyzed. The officer grew angry, and + seeing I did not go out, and had not even taken off my forage cap, he + caught me by the collar and shook me roughly. I don’t know what I said to + him. He drew his sword, and I unsheathed mine. The old woman caught hold + of my arm, and the lieutenant gave me a wound on the forehead, of which I + still bear the scar. I made a step backward, and with one jerk of my elbow + I threw old Dorotea down. Then, as the lieutenant still pressed me, I + turned the point of my sword against his body and he ran upon it. Then + Carmen put out the lamp and told Dorotea, in her own language, to take to + flight. I fled into the street myself, and began running along, I knew not + whither. It seemed to me that some one was following me. When I came to + myself I discovered that Carmen had never left me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Great stupid of a canary-bird!’ she said, ‘you never make anything but + blunders. And, indeed, you know I told you I should bring you bad luck. + But come, there’s a cure for everything when you have a Fleming from Rome* + for your love. Begin by rolling this handkerchief round your head, and + throw me over that belt of yours. Wait for me in this alley—I’ll be + back in two minutes. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Flamenco de Roma</i>, a slang term for the gipsies. Roma + does not stand for the Eternal City, but for the nation of + the <i>romi</i>, or the married folk—a name applied by the + gipsies to themselves. The first gipsies seen in Spain + probably came from the Low Countries, hence their name of + <i>Flemings</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “She disappeared, and soon came back bringing me a striped cloak which she + had gone to fetch, I knew not whence. She made me take off my uniform, and + put on the cloak over my shirt. Thus dressed, and with the wound on my + head bound round with the handkerchief, I was tolerably like a Valencian + peasant, many of whom come to Seville to sell a drink they make out of ‘<i>chufas</i>.‘* + Then she took me to a house very much like Dorotea’s, at the bottom of a + little lane. Here she and another gipsy woman washed and dressed my + wounds, better than any army surgeon could have done, gave me something, I + know not what, to drink, and finally made me lie down on a mattress, on + which I went to sleep. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * A bulbous root, out of which rather a pleasant beverage is + manufactured. +</pre> + <p> + “Probably the woman had mixed one of the soporific drugs of which they + know the secret in my drink, for I did not wake up till very late the next + day. I was rather feverish, and had a violent headache. It was some time + before the memory of the terrible scene in which I had taken part on the + previous night came back to me. After having dressed my wound, Carmen and + her friend, squatting on their heels beside my mattress, exchanged a few + words of ‘<i>chipe calli</i>,’ which appeared to me to be something in the + nature of a medical consultation. Then they both of them assured me that I + should soon be cured, but that I must get out of Seville at the earliest + possible moment, for that, if I was caught there, I should most + undoubtedly be shot. + </p> + <p> + “‘My boy,’ said Carmen to me, ‘you’ll have to do something. Now that the + king won’t give you either rice or haddock* you’ll have to think of + earning your livelihood. You’re too stupid for stealing <i>a pastesas</i>.** + But you are brave and active. If you have the pluck, take yourself off to + the coast and turn smuggler. Haven’t I promised to get you hanged? That’s + better than being shot, and besides, if you set about it properly, you’ll + live like a prince as long as the <i>minons</i>*** and the coast-guard + don’t lay their hands on your collar.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * The ordinary food of a Spanish soldier. + + ** <i>Ustilar a pastesas</i>, to steal cleverly, to purloin + without violence. + + *** A sort of volunteer corps. +</pre> + <p> + “In this attractive guise did this fiend of a girl describe the new career + she was suggesting to me,—the only one, indeed, remaining, now I had + incurred the penalty of death. Shall I confess it, sir? She persuaded me + without much difficulty. This wild and dangerous life, it seemed to me, + would bind her and me more closely together. In future, I thought, I + should be able to make sure of her love. + </p> + <p> + “I had often heard talk of certain smugglers who travelled about + Andalusia, each riding a good horse, with his mistress behind him and his + blunderbuss in his fist. Already I saw myself trotting up and down the + world, with a pretty gipsy behind me. When I mentioned that notion to her, + she laughed till she had to hold her sides, and vowed there was nothing in + the world so delightful as a night spent camping in the open air, when + each <i>rom</i> retired with his <i>romi</i> beneath their little tent, + made of three hoops with a blanket thrown across them. + </p> + <p> + “‘If I take to the mountains,’ said I to her, ‘I shall be sure of you. + There’ll be no lieutenant there to go shares with me.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Ha! ha! you’re jealous!’ she retorted, ‘so much the worse for you. How + can you be such a fool as that? Don’t you see I must love you, because I + have never asked you for money?’ + </p> + <p> + “When she said that sort to thing I could have strangled her. + </p> + <p> + “To shorten the story, sir, Carmen procured me civilian clothes, disguised + in which I got out of Seville without being recognised. I went to Jerez, + with a letter from Pastia to a dealer in anisette whose house was the + smugglers’ meeting-place. I was introduced to them, and their leader, + surnamed <i>El Dancaire</i>, enrolled me in his gang. We started for + Gaucin, where I found Carmen, who had told me she would meet me there. In + all these expeditions she acted as spy for our gang, and she was the best + that ever was seen. She had now just returned from Gibraltar, and had + already arranged with the captain of a ship for a cargo of English goods + which we were to receive on the coast. We went to meet it near Estepona. + We hid part in the mountains, and laden with the rest, we proceeded to + Ronda. Carmen had gone there before us. It was she again who warned us + when we had better enter the town. This first journey, and several + subsequent ones, turned out well. I found the smuggler’s life pleasanter + than a soldier’s: I could give presents to Carmen, I had money, and I had + a mistress. I felt little or no remorse, for, as the gipsies say, ‘The + happy man never longs to scratch his itch.’ We were made welcome + everywhere, my comrades treated me well, and even showed me a certain + respect. The reason of this was that I had killed my man, and that some of + them had no exploit of that description on their conscience. But what I + valued most in my new life was that I often saw Carmen. She showed me more + affection than ever; nevertheless, she would never admit, before my + comrades, that she was my mistress, and she had even made me swear all + sorts of oaths that I would not say anything about her to them. I was so + weak in that creature’s hands, that I obeyed all her whims. And besides, + this was the first time she had revealed herself as possessing any of the + reserve of a well-conducted woman, and I was simple enough to believe she + had really cast off her former habits. + </p> + <p> + “Our gang, which consisted of eight or ten men, was hardly ever together + except at decisive moments, and we were usually scattered by twos and + threes about the towns and villages. Each one of us pretended to have some + trade. One was a tinker, another was a groom; I was supposed to peddle + haberdashery, but I hardly ever showed myself in large places, on account + of my unlucky business at Seville. One day, or rather one night, we were + to meet below Veger. <i>El Dancaire</i> and I got there before the others. + </p> + <p> + “‘We shall soon have a new comrade,’ said he. ‘Carmen has just managed one + of her best tricks. She has contrived the escape of her <i>rom</i>, who + was in the <i>presidio</i> at Tarifa.’ + </p> + <p> + “I was already beginning to understand the gipsy language, which nearly + all my comrades spoke, and this word <i>rom</i> startled me. + </p> + <p> + “What! her husband? Is she married, then?’ said I to the captain. + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes!’ he replied, ‘married to Garcia <i>el Tuerto</i>*—as cunning + a gipsy as she is herself. The poor fellow has been at the galleys. Carmen + has wheedled the surgeon of the <i>presidio</i> to such good purpose that + she has managed to get her <i>rom</i> out of prison. Faith! that girl’s + worth her weight in gold. For two years she has been trying to contrive + his escape, but she could do nothing until the authorities took it into + their heads to change the surgeon. She soon managed to come to an + understanding with this new one.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * One-eyed man. +</pre> + <p> + “You may imagine how pleasant this news was for me. I soon saw Garcia <i>el + Tuerto</i>. He was the very ugliest brute that was ever nursed in + gipsydom. His skin was black, his soul was blacker, and he was altogether + the most thorough-paced ruffian I ever came across in my life. Carmen + arrived with him, and when she called him her <i>rom</i> in my presence, + you should have seen the eyes she made at me, and the faces she pulled + whenever Garcia turned his head away. + </p> + <p> + “I was disgusted, and never spoke a word to her all night. The next + morning we had made up our packs, and had already started, when we became + aware that we had a dozen horsemen on our heels. The braggart Andalusians, + who had been boasting they would murder every one who came near them, cut + a pitiful figure at once. There was a general rout. <i>El Dancaire</i>, + Garcia, a good-looking fellow from Ecija, who was called <i>El Remendado</i>, + and Carmen herself, kept their wits about them. The rest forsook the mules + and took to the gorges, where the horses could not follow them. There was + no hope of saving the mules, so we hastily unstrapped the best part of our + booty, and taking it on our shoulders, we tried to escape through the + rocks down the steepest of the slopes. We threw our packs down in front of + us and followed them as best we could, slipping along on our heels. + Meanwhile the enemy fired at us. It was the first time I had ever heard + bullets whistling around me and I didn’t mind it very much. When there’s a + woman looking on, there’s no particular merit in snapping one’s fingers at + death. We all escaped except the poor <i>Remendado</i>, who received a + bullet wound in the loins. I threw away my pack and tried to lift him up. + </p> + <p> + “‘Idiot!’ shouted Garcia, ‘what do we want with offal! Finish him off, and + don’t lose the cotton stockings!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Drop him!’ cried Carmen. + </p> + <p> + “I was so exhausted that I was obliged to lay him down for a moment under + a rock. Garcia came up, and fired his blunderbuss full into his face. + ‘He’d be a clever fellow who recognised him now!’ said he, as he looked at + the face, cut to pieces by a dozen slugs. + </p> + <p> + “There, sir; that’s the delightful sort of life I’ve led! That night we + found ourselves in a thicket, worn out with fatigue, with nothing to eat, + and ruined by the loss of our mules. What do you think that devil Garcia + did? He pulled a pack of cards out of his pocket and began playing games + with <i>El Dancaire</i> by the light of a fire they kindled. Meanwhile I + was lying down, staring at the stars, thinking of <i>El Remendado</i>, and + telling myself I would just as lief be in his place. Carmen was squatting + down near me, and every now and then she would rattle her castanets and + hum a tune. Then, drawing close to me, as if she would have whispered in + my ear, she kissed me two or three times over almost against my will. + </p> + <p> + “‘You are a devil,’ said I to her. + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes,’ she replied. + </p> + <p> + “After a few hours’ rest, she departed to Gaucin, and the next morning a + little goatherd brought us some food. We stayed there all that day, and in + the evening we moved close to Gaucin. We were expecting news from Carmen, + but none came. After daylight broke we saw a muleteer attending a + well-dressed woman with a parasol, and a little girl who seemed to be her + servant. Said Garcia, ‘There go two mules and two women whom St. Nicholas + has sent us. I would rather have had four mules, but no matter. I’ll do + the best I can with these.’ + </p> + <p> + “He took his blunderbuss, and went down the pathway, hiding himself among + the brushwood. + </p> + <p> + “We followed him, <i>El Dancaire</i> and I keeping a little way behind. As + soon as the woman saw us, instead of being frightened—and our dress + would have been enough to frighten any one—she burst into a fit of + loud laughter. ‘Ah! the <i>lillipendi</i>! They take me for an <i>erani</i>!’ * + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * “The idiots, they take me for a smart lady!” + </pre> + <p> + “It was Carmen, but so well disguised that if she had spoken any other + language I should never have recognised her. She sprang off her mule, and + talked some time in an undertone with <i>El Dancaire</i> and Garcia. Then + she said to me: + </p> + <p> + “‘Canary-bird, we shall meet again before you’re hanged. I’m off to + Gibraltar on gipsy business—you’ll soon have news of me.’ + </p> + <p> + “We parted, after she had told us of a place where we should find shelter + for some days. That girl was the providence of our gang. We soon received + some money sent by her, and a piece of news which was still more useful to + us—to the effect that on a certain day two English lords would + travel from Gibraltar to Granada by a road she mentioned. This was a word + to the wise. They had plenty of good guineas. Garcia would have killed + them, but <i>El Dancaire</i> and I objected. All we took from them, + besides their shirts, which we greatly needed, was their money and their + watches. + </p> + <p> + “Sir, a man may turn rogue in sheer thoughtlessness. You lose your head + over a pretty girl, you fight another man about her, there is a + catastrophe, you have to take to the mountains, and you turn from a + smuggler into a robber before you have time to think about it. After this + matter of the English lords, we concluded that the neighbourhood of + Gibraltar would not be healthy for us, and we plunged into the <i>Sierra + de Ronda</i>. You once mentioned Jose-Maria to me. Well, it was there I + made acquaintance with him. He always took his mistress with him on his + expeditions. She was a pretty girl, quiet, modest, well-mannered, you + never heard a vulgar word from her, and she was quite devoted to him. He, + on his side, led her a very unhappy life. He was always running after + other women, he ill-treated her, and then sometimes he would take it into + his head to be jealous. One day he slashed her with a knife. Well, she + only doted on him the more! That’s the way with women, and especially with + Andalusians. This girl was proud of the scar on her arm, and would display + it as though it were the most beautiful thing in the world. And then + Jose-Maria was the worst of comrades in the bargain. In one expedition we + made with him, he managed so that he kept all the profits, and we had all + the trouble and the blows. But I must go back to my story. We had no sign + at all from Carmen. <i>El Dancaire</i> said: ‘One of us will have to go to + Gibraltar to get news of her. She must have planned some business. I’d go + at once, only I’m too well known at Gibraltar.’ <i>El Tuerto</i> said: + </p> + <p> + “‘I’m well known there too. I’ve played so many tricks on the crayfish*—and + as I’ve only one eye, it is not overeasy for me to disguise myself.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Name applied by the Spanish populace to the British + soldiers, on account of the colour of their uniform. +</pre> + <p> + “‘Then I suppose I must go,’ said I, delighted at the very idea of seeing + Carmen again. ‘Well, how am I to set about it?’ + </p> + <p> + “The others answered: + </p> + <p> + “‘You must either go by sea, or you must get through by San Rocco, + whichever you like the best; once you are in Gibraltar, inquire in the + port where a chocolate-seller called <i>La Rollona</i> lives. When you’ve + found her, she’ll tell you everything that’s happening.’ + </p> + <p> + “It was settled that we were all to start for the Sierra, that I was to + leave my two companions there, and take my way to Gibraltar, in the + character of a fruit-seller. At Ronda one of our men procured me a + passport; at Gaucin I was provided with a donkey. I loaded it with oranges + and melons, and started forth. When I reached Gibraltar I found that many + people knew <i>La Rollona</i>, but that she was either dead or had gone <i>ad + finibus terroe</i>,* and, to my mind, her disappearance explained the + failure of our correspondence with Carmen. I stabled my donkey, and began + to move about the town, carrying my oranges as though to sell them, but in + reality looking to see whether I could not come across any face I knew. + The place is full of ragamuffins from every country in the world, and it + really is like the Tower of Babel, for you can’t go ten paces along a + street without hearing as many languages. I did see some gipsies, but I + hardly dared confide in them. I was taking stock of them, and they were + taking stock of me. We had mutually guessed each other to be rogues, but + the important thing for us was to know whether we belonged to the same + gang. After having spent two days in fruitless wanderings, and having + found out nothing either as to <i>La Rollona</i> or as to Carmen, I was + thinking I would go back to my comrades as soon as I had made a few + purchases, when, toward sunset, as I was walking along a street, I heard a + woman’s voice from a window say, ‘Orange-seller!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * To the galleys, or else to all the devils in hell. +</pre> + <p> + “I looked up, and on a balcony I saw Carmen looking out, beside a + scarlet-coated officer with gold epaulettes, curly hair, and all the + appearance of a rich <i>milord</i>. As for her, she was magnificently + dressed, a shawl hung on her shoulders, she’d a gold comb in her hair, + everything she wore was of silk; and the cunning little wretch, not a bit + altered, was laughing till she held her sides. + </p> + <p> + “The Englishman shouted to me in mangled Spanish to come upstairs, as the + lady wanted some oranges, and Carmen said to me in Basque: + </p> + <p> + “‘Come up, and don’t look astonished at anything!’ + </p> + <p> + “Indeed, nothing that she did ought ever to have astonished me. I don’t + know whether I was most happy or wretched at seeing her again. At the door + of the house there was a tall English servant with a powdered head, who + ushered me into a splendid drawing-room. Instantly Carmen said to me in + Basque, ‘You don’t know one word of Spanish, and you don’t know me.’ Then + turning to the Englishman, she added: + </p> + <p> + “‘I told you so. I saw at once he was a Basque. Now you’ll hear what a + queer language he speaks. Doesn’t he look silly? He’s like a cat that’s + been caught in the larder!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘And you,’ said I to her in my own language, ‘you look like an impudent + jade—and I’ve a good mind to scar your face here and now, before + your spark.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘My spark!’ said she. ‘Why, you’ve guessed that all alone! Are you + jealous of this idiot? You’re even sillier than you were before our + evening in the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>! Don’t you see, fool, that at + this moment I’m doing gipsy business, and doing it in the most brilliant + manner? This house belongs to me—the guineas of that crayfish will + belong to me! I lead him by the nose, and I’ll lead him to a place that + he’ll never get out of!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘And if I catch you doing any gipsy business in this style again, I’ll + see to it that you never do any again!’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Ah! upon my word! Are you my <i>rom</i>, pray that you give me orders? + If <i>El Tuerto</i> is pleased, what have you to do with it? Oughtn’t you + to be very happy that you are the only man who can call himself my <i>minchorro</i>?’ * + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * My “lover,” or rather my “fancy.” + </pre> + <p> + “‘What does he say?’ inquired the Englishman. + </p> + <p> + “‘He says he’s thirsty, and would like a drink,’ answered Carmen, and she + threw herself back upon a sofa, screaming with laughter at her own + translation. + </p> + <p> + “When that girl begins to laugh, sir, it was hopeless for anybody to try + and talk sense. Everybody laughed with her. The big Englishman began to + laugh too, like the idiot he was, and ordered the servant to bring me + something to drink. + </p> + <p> + “While I was drinking she said to me: + </p> + <p> + “‘Do you see that ring he has on his finger? If you like I’ll give it to + you.’ + </p> + <p> + “And I answered: + </p> + <p> + “‘I would give one of my fingers to have your <i>milord</i> out on the + mountains, and each of us with a <i>maquila</i> in his fist.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Maquila</i>, what does that mean?’ asked the Englishman. + </p> + <p> + “‘Maquila,’ said Carmen, still laughing, ‘means an orange. Isn’t it a + queer word for an orange? He says he’d like you to eat <i>maquila</i>.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Does he?’ said the Englishman. ‘Very well, bring more <i>maquila</i> + to-morrow.’ + </p> + <p> + “While we were talking a servant came in and said dinner was ready. Then + the Englishman stood up, gave me a piastre, and offered his arm to Carmen, + as if she couldn’t have walked alone. Carmen, who was still laughing, said + to me: + </p> + <p> + “‘My boy, I can’t ask you to dinner. But to-morrow, as soon as you hear + the drums beat for parade, come here with your oranges. You’ll find a + better furnished room than the one in the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>, and + you’ll see whether I am still your <i>Carmencita</i>. Then afterwards + we’ll talk about gipsy business.’ + </p> + <p> + “I gave her no answer—even when I was in the street I could hear the + Englishman shouting, ‘Bring more <i>maquila</i> to-morrow,’ and Carmen’s + peals of laughter. + </p> + <p> + “I went out, not knowing what I should do; I hardly slept, and next + morning I was so enraged with the treacherous creature that I made up my + mind to leave Gibraltar without seeing her again. But the moment the drums + began to roll, my courage failed me. I took up my net full of oranges, and + hurried off to Carmen’s house. Her window-shutters had been pulled apart a + little, and I saw her great dark eyes watching for me. The powdered + servant showed me in at once. Carmen sent him out with a message, and as + soon as we were alone she burst into one of her fits of crocodile laughter + and threw her arms around my neck. Never had I seen her look so beautiful. + She was dressed out like a queen, and scented; she had silken furniture, + embroidered curtains—and I togged out like the thief I was! + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Minchorro</i>,’ said Carmen, ‘I’ve a good mind to smash up everything + here, set fire to the house, and take myself off to the mountains.’ And + then she would fondle me, and then she would laugh, and she danced about + and tore up her fripperies. Never did monkey gambol nor make such faces, + nor play such wild tricks, as she did that day. When she had recovered her + gravity— + </p> + <p> + “‘Hark!’ she said, ‘this is gipsy business. I mean him to take me to + Ronda, where I have a sister who is a nun’ (here she shrieked with + laughter again). ‘We shall pass by a particular spot which I shall make + known to you. Then you must fall upon him and strip him to the skin. Your + best plan would be to do for him, but,’ she added, with a certain fiendish + smile of hers, which no one who saw it ever had any desire to imitate, ‘do + you know what you had better do? Let <i>El Tuerto</i> come up in front of + you. You keep a little behind. The crayfish is brave, and skilful too, and + he has good pistols. Do you understand?’ + </p> + <p> + “And she broke off with another fit of laughter that made me shiver. + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I, ‘I hate Garcia, but he’s my comrade. Some day, maybe, I’ll + rid you of him, but we’ll settle our account after the fashion of my + country. It’s only chance that has made me a gipsy, and in certain things + I shall always be a thorough Navarrese,* as the proverb says. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Navarro fino</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “‘You’re a fool,’ she rejoined, ‘a simpleton, a regular <i>payllo</i>. + You’re just like the dwarf who thinks himself tall because he can spit a + long way.* You don’t love me! Be off with you!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Or esorjle de or marsichisle, sin chisnar lachinguel</i>. + “The promise of a dwarf is that he will spit a long way.”—A + gipsy proverb. +</pre> + <p> + “Whenever she said to me ‘Be off with you,” I couldn’t go away. I promised + I would start back to my comrades and wait the arrival of the Englishman. + She, on her side, promised she would be ill until she left Gibraltar for + Ronda. + </p> + <p> + “I remained at Gibraltar two days longer. She had the boldness to disguise + herself and come and see me at the inn. I departed, I had a plan of my + own. I went back to our meeting-place with the information as to the spot + and the hour at which the Englishman and Carmen were to pass by. I found + <i>El Dancaire</i> and Garcia waiting for me. We spent the night in a + wood, beside a fire made of pine-cones that blazed splendidly. I suggested + to Garcia that we should play cards, and he agreed. In the second game I + told him he was cheating; he began to laugh; I threw the cards in his + face. He tried to get at his blunderbuss. I set my foot on it, and said, + ‘They say you can use a knife as well as the best ruffian in Malaga; will + you try it with me?’ <i>El Dancaire</i> tried to part us. I had given + Garcia one or two cuffs, his rage had given him courage, he drew his + knife, and I drew mine. We both of us told <i>El Dancaire</i> he must + leave us alone, and let us fight it out. He saw there was no means of + stopping us, so he stood on one side. Garcia was already bent double, like + a cat ready to spring upon a mouse. He held his hat in his left hand to + parry with, and his knife in front of him—that’s their Andalusian + guard. I stood up in the Navarrese fashion, with my left arm raised, my + left leg forward, and my knife held straight along my right thigh. I felt + I was stronger than any giant. He flew at me like an arrow. I turned round + on my left foot, so that he found nothing in front of him. But I thrust + him in the throat, and the knife went in so far that my hand was under his + chin. I gave the blade such a twist that it broke. That was the end. The + blade was carried out of the wound by a gush of blood as thick as my arm, + and he fell full length on his face. + </p> + <p> + “‘What have you done?’ said <i>El Dancaire</i> to me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Hark ye,’ said I, ‘we couldn’t live on together. I love Carmen and I + mean to be the only one. And besides, Garcia was a villain. I remember + what he did to that poor <i>Remendado</i>. There are only two of us left + now, but we are both good fellows. Come, will you have me for your friend, + for life or death?’ + </p> + <p> + “<i>El Dancaire</i> stretched out his hand. He was a man of fifty. + </p> + <p> + “‘Devil take these love stories!’ he cried. ‘If you’d asked him for Carmen + he’d have sold her to you for a piastre! There are only two of us now—how + shall we manage for to-morrow?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘I’ll manage it all alone,’ I answered. ‘I can snap my fingers at the + whole world now.’ + </p> + <p> + “We buried Garcia, and we moved our camp two hundred paces farther on. The + next morning Carmen and her Englishman came along with two muleteers and a + servant. I said to <i>El Dancaire</i>: + </p> + <p> + “‘I’ll look after the Englishman, you frighten the others—they’re + not armed!’ + </p> + <p> + “The Englishman was a plucky fellow. He’d have killed me if Carmen hadn’t + jogged his elbow. + </p> + <p> + “To put it shortly, I won Carmen back that day, and my first words were to + tell her she was a widow. + </p> + <p> + “When she knew how it had all happened— + </p> + <p> + “‘You’ll always be a <i>lillipendi</i>,’ she said. ‘Garcia ought to have + killed you. Your Navarrese guard is a pack of nonsense, and he has sent + far more skilful men than you into the darkness. It was just that his time + had come—and yours will come too.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Ay, and yours too!—if you’re not a faithful <i>romi</i> to me.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘So be it,’ said she. ‘I’ve read in the coffee grounds, more than once, + that you and I were to end our lives together. Pshaw! what must be, will + be!’ and she rattled her castanets, as was her way when she wanted to + drive away some worrying thought. + </p> + <p> + “One runs on when one is talking about one’s self. I dare say all these + details bore you, but I shall soon be at the end of my story. Our new life + lasted for some considerable time. <i>El Dancaire</i> and I gathered a few + comrades about us, who were more trustworthy than our earlier ones, and we + turned our attention to smuggling. Occasionally, indeed, I must confess we + stopped travellers on the highways, but never unless we were at the last + extremity, and could not avoid doing so; and besides, we never ill-treated + the travellers, and confined ourselves to taking their money from them. + </p> + <p> + “For some months I was very well satisfied with Carmen. She still served + us in our smuggling operations, by giving us notice of any opportunity of + making a good haul. She remained either at Malaga, at Cordova, or at + Granada, but at a word from me she would leave everything, and come to + meet me at some <i>venta</i> or even in our lonely camp. Only once—it + was at Malaga—she caused me some uneasiness. I heard she had fixed + her fancy upon a very rich merchant, with whom she probably proposed to + play her Gibraltar trick over again. In spite of everything <i>El Dancaire</i> + said to stop me, I started off, walked into Malaga in broad daylight, + sought for Carmen and carried her off instantly. We had a sharp + altercation. + </p> + <p> + “‘Do you know,’ said she, ‘now that you’re my <i>rom</i> for good and all, + I don’t care for you so much as when you were my <i>minchorro</i>! I won’t + be worried, and above all, I won’t be ordered about. I choose to be free + to do as I like. Take care you don’t drive me too far; if you tire me out, + I’ll find some good fellow who’ll serve you just as you served <i>El + Tuerto</i>.’ + </p> + <p> + “<i>El Dancaire</i> patched it up between us; but we had said things to + each other that rankled in our hearts, and we were not as we had been + before. Shortly after that we had a misfortune: the soldiers caught us, <i>El + Dancaire</i> and two of my comrades were killed; two others were taken. I + was sorely wounded, and, but for my good horse, I should have fallen into + the soldiers’ hands. Half dead with fatigue, and with a bullet in my body, + I sought shelter in a wood, with my only remaining comrade. When I got off + my horse I fainted away, and I thought I was going to die there in the + brushwood, like a shot hare. My comrade carried me to a cave he knew of, + and then he sent to fetch Carmen. + </p> + <p> + “She was at Granada, and she hurried to me at once. For a whole fortnight + she never left me for a single instant. She never closed her eyes; she + nursed me with a skill and care such as no woman ever showed to the man + she loved most tenderly. As soon as I could stand on my feet, she conveyed + me with the utmost secrecy to Granada. These gipsy women find safe shelter + everywhere, and I spent more than six weeks in a house only two doors from + that of the <i>Corregidor</i> who was trying to arrest me. More than once + I saw him pass by, from behind the shutter. At last I recovered, but I had + thought a great deal, on my bed of pain, and I had planned to change my + way of life. I suggested to Carmen that we should leave Spain, and seek an + honest livelihood in the New World. She laughed in my face. + </p> + <p> + “‘We were not born to plant cabbages,’ she cried. ‘Our fate is to live <i>payllos</i>! + Listen: I’ve arranged a business with Nathan Ben-Joseph at Gibraltar. He + has cotton stuffs that he can not get through till you come to fetch them. + He knows you’re alive, and reckons upon you. What would our Gibraltar + correspondents say if you failed them?’ + </p> + <p> + “I let myself by persuaded, and took up my vile trade once more. + </p> + <p> + “While I was hiding at Granada there were bull-fights there, to which + Carmen went. When she came back she talked a great deal about a skilful <i>picador</i> + of the name of Lucas. She knew the name of his horse, and how much his + embroidered jacket had cost him. I paid no attention to this; but a few + days later, Juanito, the only one of my comrades who was left, told me he + had seen Carmen with Lucas in a shop in the Zacatin. Then I began to feel + alarmed. I asked Carmen how and why she had made the <i>picador’s</i> + acquaintance. + </p> + <p> + “‘He’s a man out of whom we may be able to get something,’ said she. ‘A + noisy stream has either water in it or pebbles. He has earned twelve + hundred reals at the bull-fights. It must be one of two things: we must + either have his money, or else, as he is a good rider and a plucky fellow, + we can enroll him in our gang. We have lost such an one an such an one; + you’ll have to replace them. Take this man with you!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘I want neither his money nor himself,’ I replied, ‘and I forbid you to + speak to him.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Beware!’ she retorted. ‘If any one defies me to do a thing, it’s very + quickly done.’ + </p> + <p> + “Luckily the <i>picador</i> departed to Malaga, and I set about passing in + the Jew’s cotton stuffs. This expedition gave me a great deal to do, and + Carmen as well. I forgot Lucas, and perhaps she forgot him too—for + the moment, at all events. It was just about that time, sir, that I met + you, first at Montilla, and then afterward at Cordova. I won’t talk about + that last interview. You know more about it, perhaps, than I do. Carmen + stole your watch from you, she wanted to have your money besides, and + especially that ring I see on your finger, and which she declared to be a + magic ring, the possession of which was very important to her. We had a + violent quarrel, and I struck her. She turned pale and began to cry. It + was the first time I had ever seen her cry, and it affected me in the most + painful manner. I begged her to forgive me, but she sulked with me for a + whole day, and when I started back to Montilla she wouldn’t kiss me. My + heart was still very sore, when, three days later, she joined me with a + smiling face and as merry as a lark. Everything was forgotten, and we were + like a pair of honeymoon lovers. Just as we were parting she said, + ‘There’s a <i>fete</i> at Cordova; I shall go and see it, and then I shall + know what people will be coming away with money, and I can warn you.’ + </p> + <p> + “I let her go. When I was alone I thought about the <i>fete</i>, and about + the change in Carmen’s temper. ‘She must have avenged herself already,’ + said I to myself, ‘since she was the first to make our quarrel up.’ A + peasant told me there was to be bull-fighting at Cordova. Then my blood + began to boil, and I went off like a madman straight to the bull-ring. I + had Lucas pointed out to me, and on the bench, just beside the barrier, I + recognised Carmen. One glance at her was enough to turn my suspicion into + certainty. When the first bull appeared Lucas began, as I had expected to + play the agreeable; he snatched the cockade off the bull and presented it + to Carmen, who put it in her hair at once.* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>La divisa</i>. A knot of ribbon, the colour of which + indicates the pasturage from which each bull comes. This + knot of ribbon is fastened into the bull’s hide with a sort + of hook, and it is considered the very height of gallantry + to snatch it off the living beast and present it to a woman. +</pre> + <p> + “The bull avenged me. Lucas was knocked down, with his horse on his chest, + and the bull on top of both of them. I looked for Carmen, she had + disappeared from her place already. I couldn’t get out of mine, and I was + obliged to wait until the bull-fight was over. Then I went off to that + house you already know, and waited there quietly all that evening and part + of the night. Toward two o’clock in the morning Carmen came back, and was + rather surprised to see me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Come with me,’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Very well,’ said she, ‘let’s be off.’ + </p> + <p> + “I went and got my horse, and took her up behind me, and we travelled all + the rest of the night without saying a word to each other. When daylight + came we stopped at a lonely inn, not far from a hermitage. There I said to + Carmen: + </p> + <p> + “‘Listen—I forget everything, I won’t mention anything to you. But + swear one thing to me—that you’ll come with me to America, and live + there quietly!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said she, in a sulky voice, ‘I won’t go to America—I am very + well here.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘That’s because you’re near Lucas. But be very sure that even if he gets + well now, he won’t make old bones. And, indeed, why should I quarrel with + him? I’m tired of killing all your lovers; I’ll kill you this time.’ + </p> + <p> + “She looked at me steadily with her wild eyes, and then she said: + </p> + <p> + “‘I’ve always thought you would kill me. The very first time I saw you I + had just met a priest at the door of my house. And to-night, as we were + going out of Cordova, didn’t you see anything? A hare ran across the road + between your horse’s feet. It is fate.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Carmencita,’ I asked, ‘don’t you love me any more?’ + </p> + <p> + “She gave me no answer, she was sitting cross-legged on a mat, making + marks on the ground with her finger. + </p> + <p> + “‘Let us change our life, Carmen,’ said I imploringly. ‘Let us go away and + live somewhere we shall never be parted. You know we have a hundred and + twenty gold ounces buried under an oak not far from here, and then we have + more money with Ben-Joseph the Jew.’ + </p> + <p> + “She began to smile, and then she said, ‘Me first, and then you. I know it + will happen like that.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Think about it,’ said I. ‘I’ve come to the end of my patience and my + courage. Make up your mind—or else I must make up mine.’ + </p> + <p> + “I left her alone and walked toward the hermitage. I found the hermit + praying. I waited till his prayer was finished. I longed to pray myself, + but I couldn’t. When he rose up from his knees I went to him. + </p> + <p> + “‘Father,’ I said, ‘will you pray for some one who is in great danger?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘I pray for every one who is afflicted,’ he replied. + </p> + <p> + “‘Can you say a mass for a soul which is perhaps about to go into the + presence of its Maker?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes,’ he answered, looking hard at me. + </p> + <p> + “And as there was something strange about me, he tried to make me talk. + </p> + <p> + “‘It seems to me that I have seen you somewhere,’ said he. + </p> + <p> + “I laid a piastre on his bench. + </p> + <p> + “‘When shall you say the mass?’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘In half an hour. The son of the innkeeper yonder is coming to serve it. + Tell me, young man, haven’t you something on your conscience that is + tormenting you? Will you listen to a Christian’s counsel?’ + </p> + <p> + “I could hardly restrain my tears. I told him I would come back, and + hurried away. I went and lay down on the grass until I heard the bell. + Then I went back to the chapel, but I stayed outside it. When he had said + the mass, I went back to the <i>venta</i>. I was hoping Carmen would have + fled. She could have taken my horse and ridden away. But I found her there + still. She did not choose that any one should say I had frightened her. + While I had been away she had unfastened the hem of her gown and taken out + the lead that weighted it; and now she was sitting before a table, looking + into a bowl of water into which she had just thrown the lead she had + melted. She was so busy with her spells that at first she didn’t notice my + return. Sometimes she would take out a bit of lead and turn it round every + way with a melancholy look. Sometimes she would sing one of those magic + songs, which invoke the help of Maria Padella, Don Pedro’s mistress, who + is said to have been the <i>Bari Crallisa</i>—the great gipsy + queen.* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Maria Padella was accused of having bewitched Don Pedro. + According to one popular tradition she presented Queen + Blanche of Bourbon with a golden girdle which, in the eyes + of the bewitched king, took on the appearance of a living + snake. Hence the repugnance he always showed toward the + unhappy princess. +</pre> + <p> + “‘Carmen,’ I said to her, ‘will you come with me?’ She rose, threw away + her wooden bowl, and put her mantilla over her head ready to start. My + horse was led up, she mounted behind me, and we rode away. + </p> + <p> + “After we had gone a little distance I said to her, ‘So, my Carmen, you + are quite ready to follow me, isn’t that so?’ + </p> + <p> + “She answered, ‘Yes, I’ll follow you, even to death—but I won’t live + with you any more.’ + </p> + <p> + “We had reached a lonely gorge. I stopped my horse. + </p> + <p> + “‘Is this the place?’ she said. + </p> + <p> + “And with a spring she reached the ground. She took off her mantilla and + threw it at her feet, and stood motionless, with one hand on her hip, + looking at me steadily. + </p> + <p> + “‘You mean to kill me, I see that well,’ said she. ‘It is fate. But you’ll + never make me give in.’ + </p> + <p> + “I said to her: ‘Be rational, I implore you; listen to me. All the past is + forgotten. Yet you know it is you who have been my ruin—it is + because of you that I am a robber and a murderer. Carmen, my Carmen, let + me save you, and save myself with you.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Jose,’ she answered, ‘what you ask is impossible. I don’t love you any + more. You love me still, and that is why you want to kill me. If I liked, + I might tell you some other lie, but I don’t choose to give myself the + trouble. Everything is over between us two. You are my <i>rom</i>, and you + have the right to kill your <i>romi</i>, but Carmen will always be free. A + <i>calli</i> she was born, and a <i>calli</i> she’ll die.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Then, you love Lucas?’ I asked. + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes, I have loved him—as I loved you—for an instant—less + than I loved you, perhaps. But now I don’t love anything, and I hate + myself for ever having loved you.’ + </p> + <p> + “I cast myself at her feet, I seized her hands, I watered them with my + tears, I reminded her of all the happy moments we had spent together, I + offered to continue my brigand’s life, if that would please her. + Everything, sir, everything—I offered her everything if she would + only love me again. + </p> + <p> + “She said: + </p> + <p> + “‘Love you again? That’s not possible! Live with you? I will not do it!’ + </p> + <p> + “I was wild with fury. I drew my knife, I would have had her look + frightened, and sue for mercy—but that woman was a demon. + </p> + <p> + “I cried, ‘For the last time I ask you. Will you stay with me?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No! no! no!’ she said, and she stamped her foot. + </p> + <p> + “Then she pulled a ring I had given her off her finger, and cast it into + the brushwood. + </p> + <p> + “I struck her twice over—I had taken Garcia’s knife, because I had + broken my own. At the second thrust she fell without a sound. It seems to + me that I can still see her great black eyes staring at me. Then they grew + dim and the lids closed. + </p> + <p> + “For a good hour I lay there prostrate beside her corpse. Then I + recollected that Carmen had often told me that she would like to lie + buried in a wood. I dug a grave for her with my knife and laid her in it. + I hunted about a long time for her ring, and I found it at last. I put it + into the grave beside her, with a little cross—perhaps I did wrong. + Then I got upon my horse, galloped to Cordova, and gave myself up at the + nearest guard-room. I told them I had killed Carmen, but I would not tell + them where her body was. That hermit was a holy man! He prayed for her—he + said a mass for her soul. Poor child! It’s the <i>calle</i> who are to + blame for having brought her up as they did.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IV + </h2> + <p> + Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over + Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, + are now to be found in the greatest numbers. Most of these people live, or + rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of + Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia. There are + a great many of them in Catalonia. These last frequently cross over into + France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs. The men generally + call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they + add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling + and other illicit practices. The women tell fortunes, beg, and sell all + sorts of drugs, some of which are innocent, while some are not. The + physical characteristics of the gipsies are more easily distinguished then + described, and when you have known one, you should be able to recognise a + member of the race among a thousand other men. It is by their physiognomy + and expression, especially, that they differ from the other inhabitants of + the same country. Their complexion is exceedingly swarthy, always darker + than that of the race among whom they live. Hence the name of <i>cale</i> + (blacks) which they frequently apply to themselves.* Their eyes, set with + a decided slant, are large, very black, and shaded by long and heavy + lashes. Their glance can only be compared to that of a wild creature. It + is full at once of boldness and shyness, and in this respect their eyes + are a fair indication of their national character, which is cunning, bold, + but with “the natural fear of blows,” like Panurge. Most of the men are + strapping fellows, slight and active. I don’t think I ever saw a gipsy who + had grown fat. In Germany the gipsy women are often very pretty; but + beauty is very uncommon among the Spanish gitanas. When very young, they + may pass as being attractive in their ugliness, but once they have reached + motherhood, they become absolutely repulsive. The filthiness of both sexes + is incredible, and no one who has not seen a gipsy matron’s hair can form + any conception of what it is, not even if he conjures up the roughest, the + greasiest, and the dustiest heads imaginable. In some of the large + Andalusian towns certain of the gipsy girls, somewhat better looking than + their fellows, will take more care of their personal appearance. These go + out and earn money by performing dances strongly resembling those + forbidden at our public balls in carnival time. An English missionary, Mr. + Borrow, the author of two very interesting works on the Spanish gipsies, + whom he undertook to convert on behalf of the Bible Society, declares + there is no instance of any gitana showing the smallest weakness for a man + not belonging to her own race. The praise he bestows upon their chastity + strikes me as being exceedingly exaggerated. In the first place, the great + majority are in the position of the ugly woman described by Ovid, “<i>Casta + quam nemo rogavit</i>.” As for the pretty ones, they are, like all Spanish + women, very fastidious in choosing their lovers. Their fancy must be + taken, and their favour must be earned. Mr. Borrow quotes, in proof of + their virtue, one trait which does honour to his own, and especially to + his simplicity: he declares that an immoral man of his acquaintance + offered several gold ounces to a pretty gitana, and offered them in vain. + An Andalusian, to whom I retailed this anecdote, asserted that the immoral + man in question would have been far more successful if he had shown the + girl two or three piastres, and that to offer gold ounces to a gipsy was + as poor a method of persuasion as to promise a couple of millions to a + tavern wench. However that may be, it is certain that the gitana shows the + most extraordinary devotion to her husband. There is no danger and no + suffering she will not brave, to help him in his need. One of the names + which the gipsies apply to themselves, <i>Rome</i>, or “the married + couple,” seems to me a proof of their racial respect for the married + state. Speaking generally, it may be asserted that their chief virtue is + their patriotism—if we may thus describe the fidelity they observe + in all their relations with persons of the same origin as their own, their + readiness to help one another, and the inviolable secrecy which they keep + for each other’s benefit, in all compromising matters. And indeed + something of the same sort may be noticed in all mysterious associations + which are beyond the pale of the law. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * It has struck me that the German gipsies, though they + thoroughly understand the word <i>cale</i>, do not care to be + called by that name. Among themselves they always use the + designation <i>Romane tchave</i>. +</pre> + <p> + Some months ago, I paid a visit to a gipsy tribe in the Vosges country. In + the hut of an old woman, the oldest member of the tribe, I found a gipsy, + in no way related to the family, who was sick of a mortal disease. The man + had left a hospital, where he was well cared for, so that he might die + among his own people. For thirteen weeks he had been lying in bed in their + encampment, and receiving far better treatment than any of the sons and + sons-in-law who shared his shelter. He had a good bed made of straw and + moss, and sheets that were tolerably white, whereas all the rest of the + family, which numbered eleven persons, slept on planks three feet long. So + much for their hospitality. This very same woman, humane as was her + treatment of her guest said to me constantly before the sick man: “<i>Singo, + singo, homte hi mulo</i>.” “Soon, soon he must die!” After all, these + people live such miserable lives, that a reference to the approach of + death can have no terrors for them. + </p> + <p> + One remarkable feature in the gipsy character is their indifference about + religion. Not that they are strong-minded or sceptical. They have never + made any profession of atheism. Far from that, indeed, the religion of the + country which they inhabit is always theirs; but they change their + religion when they change the country of their residence. They are equally + free from the superstitions which replace religious feeling in the minds + of the vulgar. How, indeed, can superstition exist among a race which, as + a rule, makes its livelihood out of the credulity of others? Nevertheless, + I have remarked a particular horror of touching a corpse among the Spanish + gipsies. Very few of these could be induced to carry a dead man to his + grave, even if they were paid for it. + </p> + <p> + I have said that most gipsy women undertake to tell fortunes. They do this + very successfully. But they find a much greater source of profit in the + sale of charms and love-philters. Not only do they supply toads’ claws to + hold fickle hearts, and powdered loadstone to kindle love in cold ones, + but if necessity arises, they can use mighty incantations, which force the + devil to lend them his aid. Last year the following story was related to + me by a Spanish lady. She was walking one day along the <i>Calle d’Alcala</i>, + feeling very sad and anxious. A gipsy woman who was squatting on the + pavement called out to her, “My pretty lady, your lover has played you + false!” (It was quite true.) “Shall I get him back for you?” My readers + will imagine with what joy the proposal was accepted, and how complete was + the confidence inspired by a person who could thus guess the inmost + secrets of the heart. As it would have been impossible to proceed to + perform the operations of magic in the most crowded street in Madrid, a + meeting was arranged for the next day. “Nothing will be easier than to + bring back the faithless one to your feet!” said the gitana. “Do you + happen to have a handkerchief, a scarf, or a mantilla, that he gave you?” + A silken scarf was handed her. “Now sew a piastre into one corner of the + scarf with crimson silk—sew half a piastre into another corner—sew + a peseta here—and a two-real piece there; then, in the middle you + must sew a gold coin—a doubloon would be best.” The doubloon and all + the other coins were duly sewn in. “Now give me the scarf, and I’ll take + it to the Campo Santo when midnight strikes. You come along with me, if + you want to see a fine piece of witchcraft. I promise you shall see the + man you love to-morrow!” The gipsy departed alone for the Campo Santo, + since my Spanish friend was too much afraid of witchcraft to go there with + her. I leave my readers to guess whether my poor forsaken lady ever saw + her lover, or her scarf, again. + </p> + <p> + In spite of their poverty and the sort of aversion they inspire, the + gipsies are treated with a certain amount of consideration by the more + ignorant folk, and they are very proud of it. They feel themselves to be a + superior race as regards intelligence, and they heartily despise the + people whose hospitality they enjoy. “These Gentiles are so stupid,” said + one of the Vosges gipsies to me, “that there is no credit in taking them + in. The other day a peasant woman called out to me in the street. I went + into her house. Her stove smoked and she asked me to give her a charm to + cure it. First of all I made her give me a good bit of bacon, and then I + began to mumble a few words in <i>Romany</i>. ‘You’re a fool,’ I said, + ‘you were born a fool, and you’ll die a fool!’ When I had got near the + door I said to her, in good German, ‘The most certain way of keeping your + stove from smoking is not to light any fire in it!’ and then I took to my + heels.” + </p> + <p> + The history of the gipsies is still a problem. We know, indeed, that their + first bands, which were few and far between, appeared in Eastern Europe + towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. But nobody can tell whence + they started, or why they came to Europe, and, what is still more + extraordinary, no one knows how they multiplied, within a short time, and + in so prodigious a fashion, and in several countries, all very remote from + each other. The gipsies themselves have preserved no tradition whatsoever + as to their origin, and though most of them do speak of Egypt as their + original fatherland, that is only because they have adopted a very ancient + fable respecting their race. + </p> + <p> + Most of the Orientalists who have studied the gipsy language believe that + the cradle of the race was in India. It appears, in fact, that many of the + roots and grammatical forms of the <i>Romany</i> tongue are to be found in + idioms derived from the Sanskrit. As may be imagined, the gipsies, during + their long wanderings, have adopted many foreign words. In every <i>Romany</i> + dialect a number of Greek words appear. + </p> + <p> + At the present day the gipsies have almost as many dialects as there are + separate hordes of their race. Everywhere, they speak the language of the + country they inhabit more easily than their own idiom, which they seldom + use, except with the object of conversing freely before strangers. A + comparison of the dialect of the German gipsies with that used by the + Spanish gipsies, who have held no communication with each other for + several centuries, reveals the existence of a great number of words common + to both. But everywhere the original language is notably affected, though + in different degrees, by its contact with the more cultivated languages + into the use of which the nomads have been forced. German in one case and + Spanish in the other have so modified the <i>Romany</i> groundwork that it + would not be possible for a gipsy from the Black Forest to converse with + one of his Andalusian brothers, although a few sentences on each side + would suffice to convince them that each was speaking a dialect of the + same language. Certain words in very frequent use are, I believe, common + to every dialect. Thus, in every vocabulary which I have been able to + consult, <i>pani</i> means water, <i>manro</i> means bread, <i>mas</i> + stands for meat, and <i>lon</i> for salt. + </p> + <p> + The nouns of number are almost the same in every case. The German dialect + seems to me much purer than the Spanish, for it has preserved numbers of + the primitive grammatical forms, whereas the Gitanos have adopted those of + the Castilian tongue. Nevertheless, some words are an exception, as though + to prove that the language was originally common to all. The preterite of + the German dialect is formed by adding <i>ium</i> to the imperative, which + is always the root of the verb. In the Spanish <i>Romany</i> the verbs are + all conjugated on the model of the first conjugation of the Castilian + verbs. From <i>jamar</i>, the infinitive of “to eat,” the regular + conjugation should be <i>jame</i>, “I have eaten.” From <i>lillar</i>, “to + take,” <i>lille</i>, “I have taken.” Yet, some old gipsies say, as an + exception, <i>jayon</i> and <i>lillon</i>. I am not acquainted with any + other verbs which have preserved this ancient form. + </p> + <p> + While I am thus showing off my small acquaintance with the <i>Romany</i> + language, I must notice a few words of French slang which our thieves have + borrowed from the gipsies. From <i>Les Mysteres de Paris</i> honest folk + have learned that the word <i>chourin</i> means “a knife.” This is pure <i>Romany</i>—<i>tchouri</i> + is one of the words which is common to every dialect. Monsieur Vidocq + calls a horse <i>gres</i>—this again is a gipsy word—<i>gras</i>, + <i>gre</i>, <i>graste</i>, and <i>gris</i>. Add to this the word <i>romanichel</i>, + by which the gipsies are described in Parisian slang. This is a corruption + of <i>romane tchave</i>—“gipsy lads.” But a piece of etymology of + which I am really proud is that of the word <i>frimousse</i>, “face,” + “countenance”—a word which every schoolboy uses, or did use, in my + time. Note, in the first place, the Oudin, in his curious dictionary, + published in 1640, wrote the word <i>firlimouse</i>. Now in <i>Romany</i>, + <i>firla</i>, or <i>fila</i>, stands for “face,” and has the same meaning—it + is exactly the <i>os</i> of the Latins. The combination of <i>firlamui</i> + was instantly understood by a genuine gipsy, and I believe it to be true + to the spirit of the gipsy language. + </p> + <p> + I have surely said enough to give the readers of Carmen a favourable idea + of my <i>Romany</i> studies. I will conclude with the following proverb, + which comes in very appropriately: <i>En retudi panda nasti abela macha</i>. + “Between closed lips no fly can pass.” + </p> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + +***** This file should be named 2465-h.htm or 2465-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/2465/ + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project +Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” + or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project +Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +“Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right +of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’ WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm’s +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. + +The Foundation’s principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation’s web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + </body> +</html> diff --git a/old/carmn10.txt b/old/carmn10.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a188796 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/carmn10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2776 @@ +***The Project Gutenberg Etext of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee*** +This is the basis for the opera Carmen. + + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check +the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! + +Please take a look at the important information in this header. +We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an +electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* + +Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and +further information is included below. We need your donations. + + + +Carmen + +by Prosper Merimee + +Translated by Lady Mary Loyd + +January, 2001 [Etext #2465] + + +***The Project Gutenberg Etext of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee*** +*****This file should be named carmn10.txt or carmn10.zip****** + +Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, carmn11.txt +VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, carmn10a.txt + + +Etext prepared by Dagny, dagnyj@hotmail.com +and John Bickers, jbickers@ihug.co.nz + +Project Gutenberg Etexts are usually created from multiple editions, +all of which are in the Public Domain in the United States, unless a +copyright notice is included. Therefore, we usually do NOT keep any +of these books in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +We are now trying to release all our books one month in advance +of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing. + +Please note: neither this list nor its contents are final till +midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement. +The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at +Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A +preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment +and editing by those who wish to do so. To be sure you have an +up to date first edition [xxxxx10x.xxx] please check file sizes +in the first week of the next month. Since our ftp program has +a bug in it that scrambles the date [tried to fix and failed] a +look at the file size will have to do, but we will try to see a +new copy has at least one byte more or less. + + +Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) + +We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The +time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours +to get any etext selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright +searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. This +projected audience is one hundred million readers. If our value +per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2 +million dollars per hour this year as we release thirty-six text +files per month, or 432 more Etexts in 1999 for a total of 2000+ +If these reach just 10% of the computerized population, then the +total should reach over 200 billion Etexts given away this year. + +The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away One Trillion Etext +Files by December 31, 2001. [10,000 x 100,000,000 = 1 Trillion] +This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, +which is only ~5% of the present number of computer users. + +At our revised rates of production, we will reach only one-third +of that goal by the end of 2001, or about 3,333 Etexts unless we +manage to get some real funding; currently our funding is mostly +from Michael Hart's salary at Carnegie-Mellon University, and an +assortment of sporadic gifts; this salary is only good for a few +more years, so we are looking for something to replace it, as we +don't want Project Gutenberg to be so dependent on one person. + +We need your donations more than ever! + + +All donations should be made to "Project Gutenberg/CMU": and are +tax deductible to the extent allowable by law. (CMU = Carnegie- +Mellon University). + +For these and other matters, please mail to: + +Project Gutenberg +P. O. Box 2782 +Champaign, IL 61825 + +When all other email fails. . .try our Executive Director: +Michael S. Hart <hart@pobox.com> +hart@pobox.com forwards to hart@prairienet.org and archive.org +if your mail bounces from archive.org, I will still see it, if +it bounces from prairienet.org, better resend later on. . . . + +We would prefer to send you this information by email. + +****** + +To access Project Gutenberg etexts, use any Web browser +to view http://promo.net/pg. This site lists Etexts by +author and by title, and includes information about how +to get involved with Project Gutenberg. You could also +download our past Newsletters, or subscribe here. This +is one of our major sites, please email hart@pobox.com, +for a more complete list of our various sites. + +To go directly to the etext collections, use FTP or any +Web browser to visit a Project Gutenberg mirror (mirror +sites are available on 7 continents; mirrors are listed +at http://promo.net/pg). + +Mac users, do NOT point and click, typing works better. + +Example FTP session: + +ftp sunsite.unc.edu +login: anonymous +password: your@login +cd pub/docs/books/gutenberg +cd etext90 through etext99 +dir [to see files] +get or mget [to get files. . .set bin for zip files] +GET GUTINDEX.?? [to get a year's listing of books, e.g., GUTINDEX.99] +GET GUTINDEX.ALL [to get a listing of ALL books] + +*** + +**Information prepared by the Project Gutenberg legal advisor** + +(Three Pages) + + +***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS**START*** +Why is this "Small Print!" statement here? You know: lawyers. +They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with +your copy of this etext, even if you got it for free from +someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our +fault. So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement +disclaims most of our liability to you. It also tells you how +you can distribute copies of this etext if you want to. + +*BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS ETEXT +By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm +etext, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept +this "Small Print!" statement. If you do not, you can receive +a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this etext by +sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person +you got it from. If you received this etext on a physical +medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request. + +ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM ETEXTS +This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG- +tm etexts, is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor +Michael S. Hart through the Project Gutenberg Association at +Carnegie-Mellon University (the "Project"). Among other +things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright +on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and +distribute it in the United States without permission and +without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth +below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this etext +under the Project's "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark. + +To create these etexts, the Project expends considerable +efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain +works. Despite these efforts, the Project's etexts and any +medium they may be on may contain "Defects". Among other +things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other +intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged +disk or other etext medium, a computer virus, or computer +codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. + +LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES +But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below, +[1] the Project (and any other party you may receive this +etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including +legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR +UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, +INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE +OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE +POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. + +If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of +receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) +you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that +time to the person you received it from. If you received it +on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and +such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement +copy. If you received it electronically, such person may +choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to +receive it electronically. + +THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS +TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT +LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A +PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or +the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the +above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you +may have other legal rights. + +INDEMNITY +You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors, +officers, members and agents harmless from all liability, cost +and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or +indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause: +[1] distribution of this etext, [2] alteration, modification, +or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect. + +DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm" +You may distribute copies of this etext electronically, or by +disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this +"Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg, +or: + +[1] Only give exact copies of it. Among other things, this + requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the + etext or this "small print!" statement. You may however, + if you wish, distribute this etext in machine readable + binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form, + including any form resulting from conversion by word pro- + cessing or hypertext software, but only so long as + *EITHER*: + + [*] The etext, when displayed, is clearly readable, and + does *not* contain characters other than those + intended by the author of the work, although tilde + (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may + be used to convey punctuation intended by the + author, and additional characters may be used to + indicate hypertext links; OR + + [*] The etext may be readily converted by the reader at + no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent + form by the program that displays the etext (as is + the case, for instance, with most word processors); + OR + + [*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at + no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the + etext in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC + or other equivalent proprietary form). + +[2] Honor the etext refund and replacement provisions of this + "Small Print!" statement. + +[3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Project of 20% of the + net profits you derive calculated using the method you + already use to calculate your applicable taxes. If you + don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are + payable to "Project Gutenberg Association/Carnegie-Mellon + University" within the 60 days following each + date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare) + your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax return. + +WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO? +The Project gratefully accepts contributions in money, time, +scanning machines, OCR software, public domain etexts, royalty +free copyright licenses, and every other sort of contribution +you can think of. Money should be paid to "Project Gutenberg +Association / Carnegie-Mellon University". + +We are planning on making some changes in our donation structure +in 2000, so you might want to email me, hart@pobox.com beforehand. + + + + +*END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* + + + + + +Etext prepared by Dagny, dagnyj@hotmail.com +and John Bickers, jbickers@ihug.co.nz + + + + + +Translated by Lady Mary Loyd + + + + +CARMEN + +by PROSPER MERIMEE + + + + +CARMEN + + + +CHAPTER I + +I had always suspected the geographical authorities did not know what +they were talking about when they located the battlefield of Munda in +the county of the Bastuli-Poeni, close to the modern Monda, some two +leagues north of Marbella. + +According to my own surmise, founded on the text of the anonymous +author of the /Bellum Hispaniense/, and on certain information culled +from the excellent library owned by the Duke of Ossuna, I believed the +site of the memorable struggle in which Caesar played double or quits, +once and for all, with the champions of the Republic, should be sought +in the neighbourhood of Montilla. + +Happening to be in Andalusia during the autumn of 1830, I made a +somewhat lengthy excursion, with the object of clearing up certain +doubts which still oppressed me. A paper which I shall shortly publish +will, I trust, remove any hesitation that may still exist in the minds +of all honest archaeologists. But before that dissertation of mine +finally settles the geographical problem on the solution of which the +whole of learned Europe hangs, I desire to relate a little tale. It +will do no prejudice to the interesting question of the correct +locality of Monda. + +I had hired a guide and a couple of horses at Cordova, and had started +on my way with no luggage save a few shirts, and Caesar's +/Commentaries/. As I wandered, one day, across the higher lands of the +Cachena plain, worn with fatigue, parched with thirst, scorched by a +burning sun, cursing Caesar and Pompey's sons alike, most heartily, my +eye lighted, at some distance from the path I was following, on a +little stretch of green sward dotted with reeds and rushes. That +betokened the neighbourhood of some spring, and, indeed, as I drew +nearer I perceived that what had looked like sward was a marsh, into +which a stream, which seemed to issue from a narrow gorge between two +high spurs of the Sierra di Cabra, ran and disappeared. + +If I rode up that stream, I argued, I was likely to find cooler water, +fewer leeches and frogs, and mayhap a little shade among the rocks. + +At the mouth of the gorge, my horse neighed, and another horse, +invisible to me, neighed back. Before I had advanced a hundred paces, +the gorge suddenly widened, and I beheld a sort of natural +amphitheatre, thoroughly shaded by the steep cliffs that lay all +around it. It was impossible to imagine any more delightful halting +place for a traveller. At the foot of the precipitous rocks, the +stream bubbled upward and fell into a little basin, lined with sand +that was as white as snow. Five or six splendid evergreen oaks, +sheltered from the wind, and cooled by the spring, grew beside the +pool, and shaded it with their thick foliage. And round about it a +close and glossy turf offered the wanderer a better bed than he could +have found in any hostelry for ten leagues round. + +The honour of discovering this fair spot did not belong to me. A man +was resting there already--sleeping, no doubt--before I reached it. +Roused by the neighing of the horses, he had risen to his feet and had +moved over to his mount, which had been taking advantage of its +master's slumbers to make a hearty feed on the grass that grew around. +He was an active young fellow, of middle height, but powerful in +build, and proud and sullen-looking in expression. His complexion, +which may once have been fine, had been tanned by the sun till it was +darker than his hair. One of his hands grasped his horse's halter. In +the other he held a brass blunderbuss. + +At the first blush, I confess, the blunderbuss, and the savage looks +of the man who bore it, somewhat took me aback. But I had heard so +much about robbers, that, never seeing any, I had ceased to believe in +their existence. And further, I had seen so many honest farmers arm +themselves to the teeth before they went out to market, that the sight +of firearms gave me no warrant for doubting the character of any +stranger. "And then," quoth I to myself, "what could he do with my +shirts and my Elzevir edition of Caesar's /Commentaries/?" So I +bestowed a friendly nod on the man with the blunderbuss, and inquired, +with a smile, whether I had disturbed his nap. Without any answer, he +looked me over from head to foot. Then, as if the scrutiny had +satisfied him, he looked as closely at my guide, who was just coming +up. I saw the guide turn pale, and pull up with an air of evident +alarm. "An unlucky meeting!" thought I to myself. But prudence +instantly counselled me not to let any symptom of anxiety escape me. +So I dismounted. I told the guide to take off the horses' bridles, and +kneeling down beside the spring, I laved my head and hands and then +drank a long draught, lying flat on my belly, like Gideon's soldiers. + +Meanwhile, I watched the stranger, and my own guide. This last seemed +to come forward unwillingly. But the other did not appear to have any +evil designs upon us. For he had turned his horse loose, and the +blunderbuss, which he had been holding horizontally, was now dropped +earthward. + +Not thinking it necessary to take offence at the scant attention paid +me, I stretched myself full length upon the grass, and calmly asked +the owner of the blunderbuss whether he had a light about him. At the +same time I pulled out my cigar-case. The stranger, still without +opening his lips, took out his flint, and lost no time in getting me a +light. He was evidently growing tamer, for he sat down opposite to me, +though he still grasped his weapon. When I had lighted my cigar, I +chose out the best I had left, and asked him whether he smoked. + +"Yes, senor," he replied. These were the first words I had heard him +speak, and I noticed that he did not pronounce the letter /s/* in the +Andalusian fashion, whence I concluded he was a traveller, like +myself, though, maybe, somewhat less of an archaeologist. + +* The Andalusians aspirate the /s/, and pronounce it like the soft + /c/ and the /z/, which Spaniards pronounce like the English /th/. + An Andalusian may always be recognised by the way in which he says + /senor/. + +"You'll find this a fairly good one," said I, holding out a real +Havana regalia. + +He bowed his head slightly, lighted his cigar at mine, thanked me with +another nod, and began to smoke with a most lively appearance of +enjoyment. + +"Ah!" he exclaimed, as he blew his first puff of smoke slowly out of +his ears and nostrils. "What a time it is since I've had a smoke!" + +In Spain the giving and accepting of a cigar establishes bonds of +hospitality similar to those founded in Eastern countries on the +partaking of bread and salt. My friend turned out more talkative than +I had hoped. However, though he claimed to belong to the /partido/ of +Montilla, he seemed very ill-informed about the country. He did not +know the name of the delightful valley in which we were sitting, he +could not tell me the names of any of the neighbouring villages, and +when I inquired whether he had not noticed any broken-down walls, +broad-rimmed tiles, or carved stones in the vicinity, he confessed he +had never paid any heed to such matters. On the other hand, he showed +himself an expert in horseflesh, found fault with my mount--not a +difficult affair--and gave me a pedigree of his own, which had come +from the famous stud at Cordova. It was a splendid creature, indeed, +so tough, according to its owner's claim, that it had once covered +thirty leagues in one day, either at the gallop or at full trot the +whole time. In the midst of his story the stranger pulled up short, as +if startled and sorry he had said so much. "The fact is I was in a +great hurry to get to Cordova," he went on, somewhat embarrassed. "I +had to petition the judges about a lawsuit." As he spoke, he looked at +my guide Antonio, who had dropped his eyes. + +The spring and the cool shade were so delightful that I bethought me +of certain slices of an excellent ham, which my friends at Montilla +had packed into my guide's wallet. I bade him produce them, and +invited the stranger to share our impromptu lunch. If he had not +smoked for a long time, he certainly struck me as having fasted for +eight-and-forty hours at the very least. He ate like a starving wolf, +and I thought to myself that my appearance must really have been quite +providential for the poor fellow. Meanwhile my guide ate but little, +drank still less, and spoke never a word, although in the earlier part +of our journey he had proved himself a most unrivalled chatterer. He +seemed ill at ease in the presence of our guest, and a sort of mutual +distrust, the cause of which I could not exactly fathom, seemed to be +between them. + +The last crumbs of bread and scraps of ham had disappeared. We had +each smoked our second cigar; I told the guide to bridle the horses, +and was just about to take leave of my new friend, when he inquired +where I was going to spend the night. + +Before I had time to notice a sign my guide was making to me I had +replied that I was going to the Venta del Cuervo. + +"That's a bad lodging for a gentleman like you, sir! I'm bound there +myself, and if you'll allow me to ride with you, we'll go together." + +"With pleasure!" I replied, mounting my horse. The guide, who was +holding my stirrup, looked at me meaningly again. I answered by +shrugging my shoulders, as though to assure him I was perfectly easy +in my mind, and we started on our way. + +Antonio's mysterious signals, his evident anxiety, a few words dropped +by the stranger, above all, his ride of thirty leagues, and the far +from plausible explanation he had given us of it, had already enabled +me to form an opinion as to the identity of my fellow-traveller. I had +no doubt at all I was in the company of a smuggler, and possibly of a +brigand. What cared I? I knew enough of the Spanish character to be +very certain I had nothing to fear from a man who had eaten and smoked +with me. His very presence would protect me in case of any undesirable +meeting. And besides, I was very glad to know what a brigand was +really like. One doesn't come across such gentry every day. And there +is a certain charm about finding one's self in close proximity to a +dangerous being, especially when one feels the being in question to be +gentle and tame. + +I was hoping the stranger might gradually fall into a confidential +mood, and in spite of my guide's winks, I turned the conversation to +the subject of highwaymen. I need scarcely say that I spoke of them +with great respect. At that time there was a famous brigand in +Andalusia, of the name of Jose-Maria, whose exploits were on every +lip. "Supposing I should be riding along with Jose-Maria!" said I to +myself. I told all the stories I knew about the hero--they were all to +his credit, indeed, and loudly expressed my admiration of his +generosity and his valour. + +"Jose-Maria is nothing but a blackguard," said the stranger gravely. + +"Is he just to himself, or is this an excess of modesty?" I queried, +mentally, for by dint of scrutinizing my companion, I had ended by +reconciling his appearance with the description of Jose-Maria which I +read posted up on the gates of various Andalusian towns. "Yes, this +must be he--fair hair, blue eyes, large mouth, good teeth, small +hands, fine shirt, a velvet jacket with silver buttons on it, white +leather gaiters, and a bay horse. Not a doubt about it. But his +/incognito/ shall be respected!" We reached the /venta/. It was just +what he had described to me. In other words, the most wretched hole of +its kind I had as yet beheld. One large apartment served as kitchen, +dining-room, and sleeping chamber. A fire was burning on a flat stone +in the middle of the room, and the smoke escaped through a hole in the +roof, or rather hung in a cloud some feet above the soil. Along the +walls five or six mule rugs were spread on the floor. These were the +travellers' beds. Twenty paces from the house, or rather from the +solitary apartment which I have just described, stood a sort of shed, +that served for a stable. + +The only inhabitants of this delightful dwelling visible at the +moment, at all events, were an old woman, and a little girl of ten or +twelve years old, both of them as black as soot, and dressed in +loathsome rags. "Here's the sole remnant of the ancient populations of +Munda Boetica," said I to myself. "O Caesar! O Sextus Pompeius, if you +were to revisit this earth how astounded you would be!" + +When the old woman saw my travelling companion an exclamation of +surprise escaped her. "Ah! Senor Don Jose!" she cried. + +Don Jose frowned and lifted his hand with a gesture of authority that +forthwith silenced the old dame. + +I turned to my guide and gave him to understand, by a sign that no one +else perceived, that I knew all about the man in whose company I was +about to spend the night. Our supper was better than I expected. On a +little table, only a foot high, we were served with an old rooster, +fricasseed with rice and numerous peppers, then more peppers in oil, +and finally a /gaspacho/--a sort of salad made of peppers. These three +highly spiced dishes involved our frequent recourse to a goatskin +filled with Montella wine, which struck us as being delicious. + +After our meal was over, I caught sight of a mandolin hanging up +against the wall--in Spain you see mandolins in every corner--and I +asked the little girl, who had been waiting on us, if she knew how to +play it. + +"No," she replied. "But Don Jose does play well!" + +"Do me the kindness to sing me something," I said to him, "I'm +passionately fond of your national music." + +"I can't refuse to do anything for such a charming gentleman, who +gives me such excellent cigars," responded Don Jose gaily, and having +made the child give him the mandolin, he sang to his own +accompaniment. His voice, though rough, was pleasing, the air he sang +was strange and sad. As to the words, I could not understand a single +one of them. + +"If I am not mistaken," said I, "that's not a Spanish air you have +just been singing. It's like the /zorzicos/ I've heard in the +Provinces,* and the words must be in the Basque language." + +* The /privileged Provinces/, Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa, and a part + of Navarre, which all enjoy special /fueros/. The Basque language + is spoken in these countries. + +"Yes," said Don Jose, with a gloomy look. He laid the mandolin down on +the ground, and began staring with a peculiarly sad expression at the +dying fire. His face, at once fierce and noble-looking, reminded me, +as the firelight fell on it, of Milton's Satan. Like him, perchance, +my comrade was musing over the home he had forfeited, the exile he had +earned, by some misdeed. I tried to revive the conversation, but so +absorbed was he in melancholy thought, that he gave me no answer. + +The old woman had already gone to rest in a corner of the room, behind +a ragged rug hung on a rope. The little girl had followed her into +this retreat, sacred to the fair sex. Then my guide rose, and +suggested that I should go with him to the stable. But at the word Don +Jose, waking, as it were, with a start, inquired sharply whither he +was going. + +"To the stable," answered the guide. + +"What for? The horses have been fed! You can sleep here. The senor +will give you leave." + +"I'm afraid the senor's horse is sick. I'd like the senor to see it. +Perhaps he'd know what should be done for it." + +It was quite clear to me that Antonio wanted to speak to me apart. + +But I did not care to rouse Don Jose's suspicions, and being as we +were, I thought far the wisest course for me was to appear absolutely +confident. + +I therefore told Antonio that I knew nothing on earth about horses, +and that I was desperately sleepy. Don Jose followed him to the +stable, and soon returned alone. He told me there was nothing the +matter with the horse, but that my guide considered the animal such a +treasure that he was scrubbing it with his jacket to make it sweat, +and expected to spend the night in that pleasing occupation. Meanwhile +I had stretched myself out on the mule rugs, having carefully wrapped +myself up in my own cloak, so as to avoid touching them. Don Jose, +having begged me to excuse the liberty he took in placing himself so +near me, lay down across the door, but not until he had primed his +blunderbuss afresh and carefully laid it under the wallet, which +served him as a pillow. + +I had thought I was so tired that I should be able to sleep even in +such a lodging. But within an hour a most unpleasant itching sensation +roused me from my first nap. As soon as I realized its nature, I rose +to my feet, feeling convinced I should do far better to spend the rest +of the night in the open air than beneath that inhospitable roof. +Walking tiptoe I reached the door, stepped over Don Jose, who was +sleeping the sleep of the just, and managed so well that I got outside +the building without waking him. Just beside the door there was a wide +wooden bench. I lay down upon it, and settled myself, as best I could, +for the remainder of the night. I was just closing my eyes for a +second time when I fancied I saw the shadow of a man and then the +shadow of a horse moving absolutely noiselessly, one behind the other. +I sat upright, and then I thought I recognised Antonio. Surprised to +see him outside the stable at such an hour, I got up and went toward +him. He had seen me first, and had stopped to wait for me. + +"Where is he?" Antonio inquired in a low tone. + +"In the /venta/. He's asleep. The bugs don't trouble him. But what are +you going to do with that horse?" I then noticed that, to stifle all +noise as he moved out of the shed, Antonio had carefully muffled the +horse's feet in the rags of an old blanket. + +"Speak lower, for God's sake," said Antonio. "You don't know who that +man is. He's Jose Navarro, the most noted bandit in Andalusia. I've +been making signs to you all day long, and you wouldn't understand." + +"What do I care whether he's a brigand or not," I replied. "He hasn't +robbed us, and I'll wager he doesn't want to." + +"That may be. But there are two hundred ducats on his head. Some +lancers are stationed in a place I know, a league and a half from +here, and before daybreak I'll bring a few brawny fellows back with +me. I'd have taken his horse away, but the brute's so savage that +nobody but Navarro can go near it." + +"Devil take you!" I cried. "What harm has the poor fellow done you +that you should want to inform against him? And besides, are you +certain he is the brigand you take him for?" + +"Perfectly certain! He came after me into the stable just now, and +said, 'You seem to know me. If you tell that good gentleman who I am, +I'll blow your brains out!' You stay here, sir, keep close to him. +You've nothing to fear. As long as he knows you are there, he won't +suspect anything." + +As we talked, we had moved so far from the /venta/ that the noise of +the horse's hoofs could not be heard there. In a twinkling Antonio +snatched off the rags he had wrapped around the creature's feet, and +was just about to climb on its back. In vain did I attempt with +prayers and threats to restrain him. + +"I'm only a poor man, senor," quoth he, "I can't afford to lose two +hundred ducats--especially when I shall earn them by ridding the +country of such vermin. But mind what you're about! If Navarro wakes +up, he'll snatch at his blunderbuss, and then look out for yourself! +I've gone too far now to turn back. Do the best you can for yourself!" + +The villain was in his saddle already, he spurred his horse smartly, +and I soon lost sight of them both in the darkness. + +I was very angry with my guide, and terribly alarmed as well. After a +moment's reflection, I made up my mind, and went back to the /venta/. +Don Jose was still sound asleep, making up, no doubt, for the fatigue +and sleeplessness of several days of adventure. I had to shake him +roughly before I could wake him up. Never shall I forget his fierce +look, and the spring he made to get hold of his blunderbuss, which, as +a precautionary measure, I had removed to some distance from his +couch. + +"Senor," I said, "I beg your pardon for disturbing you. But I have a +silly question to ask you. Would you be glad to see half a dozen +lancers walk in here?" + +He bounded to his feet, and in an awful voice he demanded: + +"Who told you?" + +"It's little matter whence the warning comes, so long as it be good." + +"Your guide has betrayed me--but he shall pay for it! Where is he?" + +"I don't know. In the stable, I fancy. But somebody told me--" + +"Who told you? It can't be the old hag--" + +"Some one I don't know. Without more parleying, tell me, yes or no, +have you any reason for not waiting till the soldiers come? If you +have any, lose no time! If not, good-night to you, and forgive me for +having disturbed your slumbers!" + +"Ah, your guide! Your guide! I had my doubts of him at first--but-- +I'll settle with him! Farewell, senor. May God reward you for the +service I owe you! I am not quite so wicked as you think me. Yes, I +still have something in me that an honest man may pity. Farewell, +senor! I have only one regret--that I can not pay my debt to you!" + +"As a reward for the service I have done you, Don Jose, promise me +you'll suspect nobody--nor seek for vengeance. Here are some cigars +for your journey. Good luck to you." And I held out my hand to him. + +He squeezed it, without a word, took up his wallet and blunderbuss, +and after saying a few words to the old woman in a lingo that I could +not understand, he ran out to the shed. A few minutes later, I heard +him galloping out into the country. + +As for me, I lay down again on my bench, but I did not go to sleep +again. I queried in my own mind whether I had done right to save a +robber, and possibly a murderer, from the gallows, simply and solely +because I had eaten ham and rice in his company. Had I not betrayed my +guide, who was supporting the cause of law and order? Had I not +exposed him to a ruffian's vengeance? But then, what about the laws of +hospitality? + +"A mere savage prejudice," said I to myself. "I shall have to answer +for all the crimes this brigand may commit in future." Yet is that +instinct of the conscience which resists every argument really a +prejudice? It may be I could not have escaped from the delicate +position in which I found myself without remorse of some kind. I was +still tossed to and fro, in the greatest uncertainty as to the +morality of my behaviour, when I saw half a dozen horsemen ride up, +with Antonio prudently lagging behind them. I went to meet them, and +told them the brigand had fled over two hours previously. The old +woman, when she was questioned by the sergeant, admitted that she knew +Navarro, but said that living alone, as she did, she would never have +dared to risk her life by informing against him. She added that when +he came to her house, he habitually went away in the middle of the +night. I, for my part, was made to ride to a place some leagues away, +where I showed my passport, and signed a declaration before the +/Alcalde/. This done, I was allowed to recommence my archaeological +investigations. Antonio was sulky with me; suspecting it was I who had +prevented his earning those two hundred ducats. Nevertheless, we +parted good friends at Cordova, where I gave him as large a gratuity +as the state of my finances would permit. + + + +CHAPTER II + +I spent several days at Cordova. I had been told of a certain +manuscript in the library of the Dominican convent which was likely to +furnish me with very interesting details about the ancient Munda. The +good fathers gave me the most kindly welcome. I spent the daylight +hours within their convent, and at night I walked about the town. At +Cordova a great many idlers collect, toward sunset, in the quay that +runs along the right bank of the Guadalquivir. Promenaders on the spot +have to breathe the odour of a tan yard which still keeps up the +ancient fame of the country in connection with the curing of leather. +But to atone for this, they enjoy a sight which has a charm of its +own. A few minutes before the Angelus bell rings, a great company of +women gathers beside the river, just below the quay, which is rather a +high one. Not a man would dare to join its ranks. The moment the +Angelus rings, darkness is supposed to have fallen. As the last stroke +sounds, all the women disrobe and step into the water. Then there is +laughing and screaming and a wonderful clatter. The men on the upper +quay watch the bathers, straining their eyes, and seeing very little. +Yet the white uncertain outlines perceptible against the dark-blue +waters of the stream stir the poetic mind, and the possessor of a +little fancy finds it not difficult to imagine that Diana and her +nymphs are bathing below, while he himself runs no risk of ending like +Acteon. + +I have been told that one day a party of good-for-nothing fellows +banded themselves together, and bribed the bell-ringer at the +cathedral to ring the Angelus some twenty minutes before the proper +hour. Though it was still broad daylight, the nymphs of the +Guadalquivir never hesitated, and putting far more trust in the +Angelus bell than in the sun, they proceeded to their bathing +toilette--always of the simplest-- with an easy conscience. I was not +present on that occasion. In my day, the bell-ringer was +incorruptible, the twilight was very dim, and nobody but a cat could +have distinguished the difference between the oldest orange woman, and +the prettiest shop-girl, in Cordova. + +One evening, after it had grown quite dusk, I was leaning over the +parapet of the quay, smoking, when a woman came up the steps leading +from the river, and sat down near me. In her hair she wore a great +bunch of jasmine--a flower which, at night, exhales a most +intoxicating perfume. She was dressed simply, almost poorly, in black, +as most work-girls are dressed in the evening. Women of the richer +class only wear black in the daytime, at night they dress /a la +francesa/. When she drew near me, the woman let the mantilla which had +covered her head drop on her shoulders, and "by the dim light falling +from the stars" I perceived her to be young, short in stature, well- +proportioned, and with very large eyes. I threw my cigar away at once. +She appreciated this mark of courtesy, essentially French, and +hastened to inform me that she was very fond of the smell of tobacco, +and that she even smoked herself, when she could get very mild +/papelitos/. I fortunately happened to have some such in my case, and +at once offered them to her. She condescended to take one, and lighted +it at a burning string which a child brought us, receiving a copper +for its pains. We mingled our smoke, and talked so long, the fair lady +and I, that we ended by being almost alone on the quay. I thought I +might venture, without impropriety, to suggest our going to eat an ice +at the /neveria/.* After a moment of modest demur, she agreed. But +before finally accepting, she desired to know what o'clock it was. I +struck my repeater, and this seemed to astound her greatly. + +* A /café/ to which a depot of ice, or rather of snow, is attached. + There is hardly a village in Spain without its /neveria/. + +"What clever inventions you foreigners do have! What country do you +belong to, sir? You're an Englishman, no doubt!"* + +* Every traveller in Spain who does not carry about samples of + calicoes and silks is taken for an Englishman (/inglesito/). It is + the same thing in the East. + +"I'm a Frenchman, and your devoted servant. And you, senora, or +senorita, you probably belong to Cordova?" + +"No." + +"At all events, you are an Andalusian? Your soft way of speaking makes +me think so." + +"If you notice people's accent so closely, you must be able to guess +what I am." + +"I think you are from the country of Jesus, two paces out of +Paradise." + +I had learned the metaphor, which stands for Andalusia, from my friend +Francisco Sevilla, a well-known /picador/. + +"Pshaw! The people here say there is no place in Paradise for us!" + +"Then perhaps you are of Moorish blood--or----" I stopped, not +venturing to add "a Jewess." + +"Oh come! You must see I'm a gipsy! Wouldn't you like me to tell you +/la baji/?* Did you never hear tell of Carmencita? That's who I am!" + +* Your fortune. + +I was such a miscreant in those days--now fifteen years ago--that the +close proximity of a sorceress did not make me recoil in horror. "So +be it!" I thought. "Last week I ate my supper with a highway robber. +To-day I'll go and eat ices with a servant of the devil. A traveller +should see everything." I had yet another motive for prosecuting her +acquaintance. When I left college--I acknowledge it with shame--I had +wasted a certain amount of time in studying occult science, and had +even attempted, more than once, to exorcise the powers of darkness. +Though I had been cured, long since, of my passion for such +investigations, I still felt a certain attraction and curiosity with +regard to all superstitions, and I was delighted to have this +opportunity of discovering how far the magic art had developed among +the gipsies. + +Talking as we went, we had reached the /neveria/, and seated ourselves +at a little table, lighted by a taper protected by a glass globe. I +then had time to take a leisurely view of my /gitana/, while several +worthy individuals, who were eating their ices, stared open-mouthed at +beholding me in such gay company. + +I very much doubt whether Senorita Carmen was a pure-blooded gipsy. At +all events, she was infinitely prettier than any other woman of her +race I have ever seen. For a women to be beautiful, they say in Spain, +she must fulfil thirty /ifs/, or, if it please you better, you must be +able to define her appearance by ten adjectives, applicable to three +portions of her person. + +For instance, three things about her must be black, her eyes, her +eyelashes, and her eyebrows. Three must be dainty, her fingers, her +lips, her hair, and so forth. For the rest of this inventory, see +Brantome. My gipsy girl could lay no claim to so many perfections. Her +skin, though perfectly smooth, was almost of a copper hue. Her eyes +were set obliquely in her head, but they were magnificent and large. +Her lips, a little full, but beautifully shaped, revealed a set of +teeth as white as newly skinned almonds. Her hair--a trifle coarse, +perhaps--was black, with blue lights on it like a raven's wing, long +and glossy. Not to weary my readers with too prolix a description, I +will merely add, that to every blemish she united some advantage, +which was perhaps all the more evident by contrast. There was +something strange and wild about her beauty. Her face astonished you, +at first sight, but nobody could forget it. Her eyes, especially, had +an expression of mingled sensuality and fierceness which I had never +seen in any other human glance. "Gipsy's eye, wolf's eye!" is a +Spanish saying which denotes close observation. If my readers have no +time to go to the "Jardin des Plantes" to study the wolf's expression, +they will do well to watch the ordinary cat when it is lying in wait +for a sparrow. + +It will be understood that I should have looked ridiculous if I had +proposed to have my fortune told in a /café/. I therefore begged the +pretty witch's leave to go home with her. She made no difficulties +about consenting, but she wanted to know what o'clock it was again, +and requested me to make my repeater strike once more. + +"Is it really gold?" she said, gazing at it with rapt attention. + +When we started off again, it was quite dark. Most of the shops were +shut, and the streets were almost empty. We crossed the bridge over +the Guadalquivir, and at the far end of the suburb we stopped in front +of a house of anything but palatial appearance. The door was opened by +a child, to whom the gipsy spoke a few words in a language unknown to +me, which I afterward understood to be /Romany/, or /chipe calli/--the +gipsy idiom. The child instantly disappeared, leaving us in sole +possession of a tolerably spacious room, furnished with a small table, +two stools, and a chest. I must not forget to mention a jar of water, +a pile of oranges, and a bunch of onions. + +As soon as we were left alone, the gipsy produced, out of her chest, a +pack of cards, bearing signs of constant usage, a magnet, a dried +chameleon, and a few other indispensable adjuncts of her art. Then she +bade me cross my left hand with a silver coin, and the magic +ceremonies duly began. It is unnecessary to chronicle her predictions, +and as for the style of her performance, it proved her to be no mean +sorceress. + +Unluckily we were soon disturbed. The door was suddenly burst open, +and a man, shrouded to the eyes in a brown cloak, entered the room, +apostrophizing the gipsy in anything but gentle terms. What he said I +could not catch, but the tone of his voice revealed the fact that he +was in a very evil temper. The gipsy betrayed neither surprise nor +anger at his advent, but she ran to meet him, and with a most striking +volubility, she poured out several sentences in the mysterious +language she had already used in my presence. The word /payllo/, +frequently reiterated, was the only one I understood. I knew that the +gipsies use it to describe all men not of their own race. Concluding +myself to be the subject of this discourse, I was prepared for a +somewhat delicate explanation. I had already laid my hand on the leg +of one of the stools, and was studying within myself to discover the +exact moment at which I had better throw it at his head, when, roughly +pushing the gipsy to one side, the man advanced toward me. Then with a +step backward he cried: + +"What, sir! Is it you?" + +I looked at him in my turn and recognised my friend Don Jose. At that +moment I did feel rather sorry I had saved him from the gallows. + +"What, is it you, my good fellow?" I exclaimed, with as easy a smile +as I could muster. "You have interrupted this young lady just when she +was foretelling me most interesting things!" + +"The same as ever. There shall be an end to it!" he hissed between his +teeth, with a savage glance at her. + +Meanwhile the /gitana/ was still talking to him in her own tongue. She +became more and more excited. Her eyes grew fierce and bloodshot, her +features contracted, she stamped her foot. She seemed to me to be +earnestly pressing him to do something he was unwilling to do. What +this was I fancied I understood only too well, by the fashion in which +she kept drawing her little hand backward and forward under her chin. +I was inclined to think she wanted to have somebody's throat cut, and +I had a fair suspicion the throat in question was my own. To all her +torrent of eloquence Don Jose's only reply was two or three shortly +spoken words. At this the gipsy cast a glance of the most utter scorn +at him, then, seating herself Turkish-fashion in a corner of the room, +she picked out an orange, tore off the skin, and began to eat it. + +Don Jose took hold of my arm, opened the door, and led me into the +street. We walked some two hundred paces in the deepest silence. Then +he stretched out his hand. + +"Go straight on," he said, "and you'll come to the bridge." + +That instant he turned his back on me and departed at a great pace. I +took my way back to my inn, rather crestfallen, and considerably out +of temper. The worst of all was that, when I undressed, I discovered +my watch was missing. + +Various considerations prevented me from going to claim it next day, +or requesting the /Corregidor/ to be good enough to have a search made +for it. I finished my work on the Dominican manuscript, and went on to +Seville. After several months spent wandering hither and thither in +Andalusia, I wanted to get back to Madrid, and with that object I had +to pass through Cordova. I had no intention of making any stay there, +for I had taken a dislike to that fair city, and to the ladies who +bathed in the Guadalquivir. Nevertheless, I had some visits to pay, +and certain errands to do, which must detain me several days in the +old capital of the Mussulman princes. + +The moment I made my appearance in the Dominican convent, one of the +monks, who had always shown the most lively interest in my inquiries +as to the site of the battlefield of Munda, welcomed me with open +arms, exclaiming: + +"Praised be God! You are welcome! My dear friend. We all thought you +were dead, and I myself have said many a /pater/ and ave/ (not that I +regret them!) for your soul. Then you weren't murdered, after all? +That you were robbed, we know!" + +"What do you mean?" I asked, rather astonished. + +"Oh, you know! That splendid repeater you used to strike in the +library whenever we said it was time for us to go into church. Well, +it has been found, and you'll get it back." + +"Why," I broke in, rather put out of countenance, "I lost it--" + +"The rascal's under lock and key, and as he was known to be a man who +would shoot any Christian for the sake of a /peseta/, we were most +dreadfully afraid he had killed you. I'll go with you to the +/Corregidor/, and he'll give you back your fine watch. And after that, +you won't dare to say the law doesn't do its work properly in Spain." + +"I assure you," said I, "I'd far rather lose my watch than have to +give evidence in court to hang a poor unlucky devil, and especially +because--because----" + +"Oh, you needn't be alarmed! He's thoroughly done for; they might hang +him twice over. But when I say hang, I say wrong. Your thief is an +/Hidalgo/. So he's to be garrotted the day after to-morrow, without +fail.* So you see one theft more or less won't affect his position. +Would to God he had done nothing but steal! But he has committed +several murders, one more hideous than the other." + +* In 1830, the noble class still enjoyed this privilege. Nowadays, + under the constitutional /regime/, commoners have attained the + same dignity. + +"What's his name?" + +"In this country he is only known as Jose Navarro, but he has another +Basque name, which neither your nor I will ever be able to pronounce. +By the way, the man is worth seeing, and you, who like to study the +peculiar features of each country, shouldn't lose this chance of +noting how a rascal bids farewell to this world in Spain. He is in +jail, and Father Martinez will take you to him." + +So bent was my Dominican friend on my seeing the preparations for this +"neat little hanging job" that I was fain to agree. I went to see the +prisoner, having provided myself with a bundle of cigars, which I +hoped might induce him to forgive my intrusion. + +I was ushered into Don Jose's presence just as he was sitting at +table. He greeted me with a rather distant nod, and thanked me civilly +for the present I had brought him. Having counted the cigars in the +bundle I had placed in his hand, he took out a certain number and +returned me the rest, remarking that he would not need any more of +them. + +I inquired whether by laying out a little money, or by applying to my +friends, I might not be able to do something to soften his lot. He +shrugged his shoulders, to begin with, smiling sadly. Soon, as by an +after-thought, he asked me to have a mass said for the repose of his +soul. + +Then he added nervously: "Would you--would you have another said for a +person who did you a wrong?" + +"Assuredly I will, my dear fellow," I answered. "But no one in this +country has wronged me so far as I know." + +He took my hand and squeezed it, looking very grave. After a moment's +silence, he spoke again. + +"Might I dare to ask another service of you? When you go back to your +own country perhaps you will pass through Navarre. At all events +you'll go by Vittoria, which isn't very far off." + +"Yes," said I, "I shall certainly pass through Vittoria. But I may +very possibly go round by Pampeluna, and for your sake, I believe I +should be very glad to do it." + +"Well, if you do go to Pampeluna, you'll see more than one thing that +will interest you. It's a fine town. I'll give you this medal," he +showed me a little silver medal that he wore hung around his neck. +"You'll wrap it up in paper"--he paused a moment to master his emotion +--"and you'll take it, or send it, to an old lady whose address I'll +give you. Tell her I am dead--but don't tell her how I died." + +I promised to perform his commission. I saw him the next day, and +spent part of it in his company. From his lips I learned the sad +incidents that follow. + + + +CHAPTER III + +"I was born," he said, "at Elizondo, in the valley of Baztan. My name +is Don Jose Lizzarrabengoa, and you know enough of Spain, sir, to know +at once, by my name, that I come of an old Christian and Basque stock. +I call myself Don, because I have a right to it, and if I were at +Elizondo I could show you my parchment genealogy. My family wanted me +to go into the church, and made me study for it, but I did not like +work. I was too fond of playing tennis, and that was my ruin. When we +Navarrese begin to play tennis, we forget everything else. One day, +when I had won the game, a young fellow from Alava picked a quarrel +with me. We took to our /maquilas/,* and I won again. But I had to +leave the neighbourhood. I fell in with some dragoons, and enlisted in +the Almanza Cavalry Regiment. Mountain folks like us soon learn to be +soldiers. Before long I was a corporal, and I had been told I should +soon be made a sergeant, when, to my misfortune, I was put on guard at +the Seville Tobacco Factory. If you have been to Seville you have seen +the great building, just outside the ramparts, close to the +Guadalquivir; I can fancy I see the entrance, and the guard room just +beside it, even now. When Spanish soldiers are on duty, they either +play cards or go to sleep. I, like an honest Navarrese, always tried +to keep myself busy. I was making a chain to hold my priming-pin, out +of a bit of wire: all at once, my comrades said, 'there's the bell +ringing, the girls are coming back to work.' You must know, sir, that +there are quite four or five hundred women employed in the factory. +They roll the cigars in a great room into which no man can go without +a permit from the /Veintiquatro/,** because when the weather is hot +they make themselves at home, especially the young ones. When the +work-girls come back after their dinner, numbers of young men go down +to see them pass by, and talk all sorts of nonsense to them. Very few +of those young ladies will refuse a silk mantilla, and men who care +for that sort of sport have nothing to do but bend down and pick their +fish up. While the others watched the girls go by, I stayed on my +bench near the door. I was a young fellow then--my heart was still in +my own country, and I didn't believe in any pretty girls who hadn't +blue skirts and long plaits of hair falling on their shoulders.*** And +besides, I was rather afraid of the Andalusian women. I had not got +used to their ways yet; they were always jeering one--never spoke a +single word of sense. So I was sitting with my nose down upon my +chain, when I heard some bystanders say, 'Here comes the /gitanella/!' +Then I lifted up my eyes, and I saw her! It was that very Carmen you +know, and in whose rooms I met you a few months ago. + +* Iron-shod sticks used by the Basques. + +** Magistrate in charge of the municipal police arrangements, and + local government regulations. + +*** The costume usually worn by peasant women in Navarre and the + Basque Provinces. + +"She was wearing a very short skirt, below which her white silk +stockings--with more than one hole in them--and her dainty red morocco +shoes, fastened with flame-coloured ribbons, were clearly seen. She +had thrown her mantilla back, to show her shoulders, and a great bunch +of acacia that was thrust into her chemise. She had another acacia +blossom in the corner of her mouth, and she walked along, swaying her +hips, like a filly from the Cordova stud farm. In my country anybody +who had seen a woman dressed in that fashion would have crossed +himself. At Seville every man paid her some bold compliment on her +appearance. She had an answer for each and all, with her hand on her +hip, as bold as the thorough gipsy she was. At first I didn't like her +looks, and I fell to my work again. But she, like all women and cats, +who won't come if you call them, and do come if you don't call them, +stopped short in front of me, and spoke to me. + +" '/Compadre/,' said she, in the Andalusian fashion, 'won't you give +me your chain for the keys of my strong box?' + +" 'It's for my priming-pin,' said I. + +" 'Your priming-pin!' she cried, with a laugh. 'Oho! I suppose the +gentleman makes lace, as he wants pins!' + +"Everybody began to laugh, and I felt myself getting red in the face, +and couldn't hit on anything in answer. + +" 'Come, my love!' she began again, 'make me seven ells of lace for my +mantilla, my pet pin-maker!' + +"And taking the acacia blossom out of her mouth she flipped it at me +with her thumb so that it hit me just between the eyes. I tell you, +sir, I felt as if a bullet had struck me. I didn't know which way to +look. I sat stock-still, like a wooden board. When she had gone into +the factory, I saw the acacia blossom, which had fallen on the ground +between my feet. I don't know what made me do it, but I picked it up, +unseen by any of my comrades, and put it carefully inside my jacket. +That was my first folly. + +"Two or three hours later I was still thinking about her, when a +panting, terrified-looking porter rushed into the guard-room. He told +us a woman had been stabbed in the great cigar-room, and that the +guard must be sent in at once. The sergeant told me to take two men, +and go and see to it. I took my two men and went upstairs. Imagine, +sir, that when I got into the room, I found, to begin with, some three +hundred women, stripped to their shifts, or very near it, all of them +screaming and yelling and gesticulating, and making such a row that +you couldn't have heard God's own thunder. On one side of the room one +of the women was lying on the broad of her back, streaming with blood, +with an X newly cut on her face by two strokes of a knife. Opposite +the wounded woman, whom the best-natured of the band were attending, I +saw Carmen, held by five or six of her comrades. The wounded woman was +crying out, 'A confessor, a confessor! I'm killed!' Carmen said +nothing at all. She clinched her teeth and rolled her eyes like a +chameleon. 'What's this?' I asked. I had hard work to find out what +had happened, for all the work-girls talked at once. It appeared that +the injured girl had boasted she had money enough in her pocket to buy +a donkey at the Triana Market. 'Why,' said Carmen, who had a tongue of +her own, 'can't you do with a broom?' Stung by this taunt, it may be +because she felt herself rather unsound in that particular, the other +girl replied that she knew nothing about brooms, seeing she had not +the honour of being either a gipsy or one of the devil's godchildren, +but that the Senorita Carmen would shortly make acquaintance with her +donkey, when the /Corregidor/ took her out riding with two lackeys +behind her to keep the flies off. 'Well,' retorted Carmen, 'I'll make +troughs for the flies to drink out of on your cheeks, and I'll paint a +draught-board on them!'* And thereupon, slap, bank! She began making +St. Andrew's crosses on the girl's face with a knife she had been +using for cutting off the ends of the cigars. + +* /Pintar un javeque/, "paint a xebec," a particular type of ship. + Most Spanish vessels of this description have a checkered red and + white stripe painted around them. + +"The case was quite clear. I took hold of Carmen's arm. 'Sister mine,' +I said civilly, 'you must come with me.' She shot a glance of +recognition at me, but she said, with a resigned look: 'Let's be off. +Where is my mantilla?' She put it over her head so that only one of +her great eyes was to be seen, and followed my two men, as quiet as a +lamb. When we got to the guardroom the sergeant said it was a serious +job, and he must send her to prison. I was told off again to take her +there. I put her between two dragoons, as a corporal does on such +occasions. We started off for the town. The gipsy had begun by holding +her tongue. But when we got to the /Calle de la Serpiente/--you know +it, and that it earns its name by its many windings--she began by +dropping her mantilla on to her shoulders, so as to show me her +coaxing little face, and turning round to me as well as she could, she +said: + +" '/Oficial mio/, where are you taking me to?' + +" 'To prison, my poor child,' I replied, as gently as I could, just as +any kind-hearted soldier is bound to speak to a prisoner, and +especially to a woman. + +" 'Alack! What will become of me! Senor Oficial, have pity on me! You +are so young, so good-looking.' Then, in a lower tone, she said, 'Let +me get away, and I'll give you a bit of the /bar lachi/, that will +make every woman fall in love with you!' + +"The /bar lachi/, sir, is the loadstone, with which the gipsies +declare one who knows how to use it can cast any number of spells. If +you can make a woman drink a little scrap of it, powdered, in a glass +of white wine, she'll never be able to resist you. I answered, as +gravely as I could: + +" 'We are not here to talk nonsense. You'll have to go to prison. +Those are my orders, and there's no help for it!' + +"We men from the Basque country have an accent which all Spaniards +easily recognise; on the other hand, not one of them can ever learn to +say /Bai, jaona/!* + +* Yes, sir. + +"So Carmen easily guessed I was from the Provinces. You know, sir, +that the gipsies, who belong to no particular country, and are always +moving about, speak every language, and most of them are quite at home +in Portugal, in France, in our Provinces, in Catalonia, or anywhere +else. They can even make themselves understood by Moors and English +people. Carmen knew Basque tolerably well. + +" '/Laguna ene bihotsarena/, comrade of my heart,' said she suddenly. +'Do you belong to our country?' + +"Our language is so beautiful, sir, that when we hear it in a foreign +country it makes us quiver. I wish," added the bandit in a lower tone, +"I could have a confessor from my own country." + +After a silence, he began again. + +" 'I belong to Elizondo,' I answered in Basque, very much affected by +the sound of my own language. + +" 'I come from Etchalar,' said she (that's a district about four +hours' journey from my home). 'I was carried off to Seville by the +gipsies. I was working in the factory to earn enough money to take me +back to Navarre, to my poor old mother, who has no support in the +world but me, besides her little /barratcea/* with twenty cider-apple +trees in it. Ah! if I were only back in my own country, looking up at +the white mountains! I have been insulted here, because I don't belong +to this land of rogues and sellers of rotten oranges; and those +hussies are all banded together against me, because I told them that +not all their Seville /jacques/,** and all their knives, would +frighten an honest lad from our country, with his blue cap and his +/maquila/! Good comrade, won't you do anything to help your own +countrywoman?' + +* Field, garden. + +** Bravos, boasters. + +"She was lying then, sir, as she has always lied. I don't know that +that girl ever spoke a word of truth in her life, but when she did +speak, I believed her--I couldn't help myself. She mangled her Basque +words, and I believed she came from Navarre. But her eyes and her +mouth and her skin were enough to prove she was a gipsy. I was mad, I +paid no more attention to anything, I thought to myself that if the +Spaniards had dared to speak evil of my country, I would have slashed +their faces just as she had slashed her comrade's. In short, I was +like a drunken man, I was beginning to say foolish things, and I was +very near doing them. + +" 'If I were to give you a push and you tumbled down, good fellow- +countryman,' she began again in Basque, 'those two Castilian recruits +wouldn't be able to keep me back.' + +"Faith, I forgot my orders, I forgot everything, and I said to her, +'Well, then, my friend, girl of my country, try it, and may our Lady +of the Mountain help you through.' + +"Just at that moment we were passing one of the many narrow lanes one +sees in Seville. All at once Carmen turned and struck me in the chest +with her fist. I tumbled backward, purposely. With a bound she sprang +over me, and ran off, showing us a pair of legs! People talk about a +pair of Basque legs! but hers were far better--as fleet as they were +well-turned. As for me, I picked myself up at once, but I stuck out my +lance* crossways and barred the street, so that my comrades were +checked at the very first moment of pursuit. Then I started to run +myself, and they after me--but how were we to catch her? There was no +fear of that, what with our spurs, our swords, and our lances. + +* All Spanish cavalry soldiers carry lances. + +"In less time than I have taken to tell you the story the prisoner had +disappeared. And besides, every gossip in the quarter covered her +flight, poked scorn at us, and pointed us in the wrong direction. +After a good deal of marching and countermarching, we had to go back +to the guard-room without a receipt from the governor of the jail. + +"To avoid punishment, my men made known that Carmen had spoken to me +in Basque; and to tell the truth, it did not seem very natural that a +blow from such a little creature should have so easily overthrown a +strong fellow like me. The whole thing looked suspicious, or, at all +events, not over-clear. When I came off guard I lost my corporal's +stripes, and was condemned to a month's imprisonment. It was the first +time I had been punished since I had been in the service. Farewell, +now, to the sergeant's stripes, on which I had reckoned so surely! + +"The first days in prison were very dreary. When I enlisted I had +fancied I was sure to become an officer, at all events. Two of my +compatriots, Longa and Mina, are captains-general, after all. +Chapalangarra was a colonel, and I have played tennis a score of times +with his brother, who was just a needy fellow like myself. 'Now,' I +kept crying to myself, 'all the time you served without being punished +has been lost. Now you have a bad mark against your name, and to get +yourself back into the officers' good graces you'll have to work ten +times as hard as when you joined as a recruit.' And why have I got +myself punished? For the sake of a gipsy hussy, who made game of me, +and who at this moment is busy thieving in some corner of the town. +Yet I couldn't help thinking about her. Will you believe it, sir, +those silk stockings of hers with the holes in them, of which she had +given me such a full view as she took to her heels, were always before +my eyes? I used to look through the barred windows of the jail into +the street, and among all the women who passed I never could see one +to compare with that minx of a girl--and then, in spite of myself, I +used to smell the acacia blossom she had thrown at me, and which, dry +as it was, still kept its sweet scent. If there are such things as +witches, that girl certainly was one. + +"One day the jailer came in, and gave me an Alcala roll.* + +* /Alcala de los Panaderos/, a village two leagues from Seville, + where the most delicious rolls are made. They are said to owe + their quality to the water of the place, and great quantities of + them are brought to Seville every day. + +" 'Look here,' said he, 'this is what your cousin has sent you.' + +"I took the loaf, very much astonished, for I had no cousin in +Seville. It may be a mistake, thought I, as I looked at the roll, but +it was so appetizing and smelt so good, that I made up my mind to eat +it, without troubling my head as to whence it came, or for whom it was +really intended. + +"When I tried to cut it, my knife struck on something hard. I looked, +and found a little English file, which had been slipped into the dough +before the roll had been baked. The roll also contained a gold piece +of two piastres. Then I had no further doubt--it was a present from +Carmen. To people of her blood, liberty is everything, and they would +set a town on fire to save themselves one day in prison. The girl was +artful, indeed, and armed with that roll, I might have snapped my +fingers at the jailers. In one hour, with that little file, I could +have sawn through the thickest bar, and with the gold coin I could +have exchanged my soldier's cloak for civilian garb at the nearest +shop. You may fancy that a man who has often taken the eaglets out of +their nests in our cliff would have found no difficulty in getting +down to the street out of a window less than thirty feet above it. But +I didn't choose to escape. I still had a soldier's code of honour, and +desertion appeared to me in the light of a heinous crime. Yet this +proof of remembrance touched me. When a man is in prison he likes to +think he has a friend outside who takes an interest in him. The gold +coin did rather offend me; I should have very much liked to return it; +but where was I to find my creditor? That did not seem a very easy +task. + +"After the ceremony of my degradation I had fancied my sufferings were +over, but I had another humiliation before me. That came when I left +prison, and was told off for duty, and put on sentry, as a private +soldier. You can not conceive what a proud man endures at such a +moment. I believe I would have just as soon been shot dead--then I +should have marched alone at the head of my platoon, at all events; I +should have felt I was somebody, with the eyes of others fixed upon +me. + +"I was posted as sentry on the door of the colonel's house. The +colonel was a young man, rich, good-natured, fond of amusing himself. +All the young officers were there, and many civilians as well, besides +ladies--actresses, as it was said. For my part, it seemed to me as if +the whole town had agreed to meet at that door, in order to stare at +me. Then up drove the colonel's carriage, with his valet on the box. +And who should I see get out of it, but the gipsy girl! She was +dressed up, this time, to the eyes, togged out in golden ribbons--a +spangled gown, blue shoes, all spangled too, flowers and gold lace all +over her. In her hand she carried a tambourine. With her there were +two other gipsy women, one young and one old. They always have one old +woman who goes with them, and then an old man with a guitar, a gipsy +too, to play alone, and also for their dances. You must know these +gipsy girls are often sent for to private houses, to dance their +special dance, the /Romalis/, and often, too, for quite other +purposes. + +"Carmen recognised me, and we exchanged glances. I don't know why, but +at that moment I should have liked to have been a hundred feet beneath +the ground. + +" '/Agur laguna/,'* said she. 'Oficial mio! You keep guard like a +recruit,' and before I could find a word in answer, she was inside the +house. + +* Good-day, comrade! + +"The whole party was assembled in the /patio/, and in spite of the +crowd I could see nearly everything that went on through the lattice.* +I could hear the castanets and the tambourine, the laughter and +applause. Sometimes I caught a glimpse of her head as she bounded +upward with her tambourine. Then I could hear the officers saying many +things to her which brought the blood to my face. As to her answers, I +knew nothing of them. It was on that day, I think, that I began to +love her in earnest--for three or four times I was tempted to rush +into the /patio/, and drive my sword into the bodies of all the +coxcombs who were making love to her. My torture lasted a full hour; +then the gipsies came out, and the carriage took them away. As she +passed me by, Carmen looked at me with those eyes you know, and said +to me very low, 'Comrade, people who are fond of good /fritata/ come +to eat it at Lillas Pastia's at Triana!' + +* In most of the houses in Seville there is an inner court + surrounded by an arched portico. This is used as a sitting-room in + summer. Over the court is stretched a piece of tent cloth, which + is watered during the day and removed at night. The street door is + almost always left open, and the passage leading to the court + (/zaguan/) is closed by an iron lattice of very elegant + workmanship. + +"Then, light as a kid, she stepped into the carriage, the coachman +whipped up his mules, and the whole merry party departed, whither I +know not. + +"You may fancy that the moment I was off guard I went to Triana; but +first of all I got myself shaved and brushed myself up as if I had +been going on parade. She was living with Lillas Pastia, an old fried- +fish seller, a gipsy, as black as a Moor, to whose house a great many +civilians resorted to eat /fritata/, especially, I think, because +Carmen had taken up her quarters there. + +" 'Lillas,' she said, as soon as she saw me. 'I'm not going to work +any more to-day. To-morrow will be a day, too.* Come, fellow- +countryman, let us go for a walk!' + +* /Manana sera otro dia./--A Spanish proverb. + +"She pulled her mantilla across her nose, and there we were in the +street, without my knowing in the least whither I was bound. + +" 'Senorita,' said I, 'I think I have to thank you for a present I had +while I was in prison. I've eaten the bread; the file will do for +sharpening my lance, and I keep it in remembrance of you. But as for +the money, here it is.' + +" 'Why, he's kept the money!' she exclaimed, bursting out laughing. +'But, after all, that's all the better--for I'm decidedly hard up! +What matter! The dog that runs never starves!* Come, let's spend it +all! You shall treat.' + +* /Chuquel sos pirela, cocal terela. "The dog that runs finds a + bone."--Gipsy proverb. + +"We had turned back toward Seville. At the entrance of the /Calle de +la Serpiente/ she bought a dozen oranges, which she made me put into +my handkerchief. A little farther on she bought a roll, a sausage, and +a bottle of manzanilla. Then, last of all, she turned into a +confectioner's shop. There she threw the gold coin I had returned to +her on the counter, with another she had in her pocket, and some small +silver, and then she asked me for all the money I had. All I possessed +was one peseta and a few cuartos, which I handed over to her, very +much ashamed of not having more. I thought she would have carried away +the whole shop. She took everything that was best and dearest, +/yemas/,* /turon/,** preserved fruits--as long as the money lasted. +And all these, too, I had to carry in paper bags. Perhaps you know the +/Calle del Candilejo/, where there is a head of Don Pedro the +Avenger.*** That head ought to have given me pause. We stopped at an +old house in that street. She passed into the entry, and knocked at a +door on the ground floor. It was opened by a gipsy, a thorough-paced +servant of the devil. Carmen said a few words to her in Romany. At +first the old hag grumbled. To smooth her down Carmen gave her a +couple of oranges and a handful of sugar-plums, and let her have a +taste of wine. Then she hung her cloak on her back, and led her to the +door, which she fastened with a wooden bar. As soon as we were alone +she began to laugh and caper like a lunatic, singing out, 'You are my +/rom/, I'm your /romi/.'**** + +* Sugared yolks of eggs. + +** A sort of nougat. + +*** This king, Don Pedro, whom we call "the Cruel," and whom Queen + Isabella, the Catholic, never called anything but "the Avenger," + was fond of walking about the streets of Seville at night in + search of adventures, like the Caliph Haroun al Raschid. One + night, in a lonely street, he quarrelled with a man who was + singing a serenade. There was a fight, and the king killed the + amorous /caballero/. At the clashing of their swords, an old woman + put her head out of the window and lighted up the scene with a + tiny lamp (candilejo) which she held in her hand. My readers must + be informed that King Don Pedro, though nimble and muscular, + suffered from one strange fault in his physical conformation. + Whenever he walked his knees cracked loudly. By this cracking the + old woman easily recognised him. The next day the /veintiquatro/ + in charge came to make his report to the king. "Sir, a duel was + fought last night in such a street--one of the combatants is + dead." "Have you found the murderer?" "Yes, sir." "Why has he not + been punished already?" "Sir, I await your orders!" "Carry out the + law." Now the king had just published a decree that every duellist + was to have his head cut off, and that head was to be set up on + the scene of the fight. The /veintiquatro/ got out of the + difficulty like a clever man. He had the head sawed off a statue + of the king, and set that up in a niche in the middle of the + street in which the murder had taken place. The king and all the + Sevillians thought this a very good joke. The street took its name + from the lamp held by the old woman, the only witness of the + incident. The above is the popular tradition. Zuniga tells the + story somewhat differently. However that may be, a street called + /Calle del Candilejo/ still exists in Seville, and in that street + there is a bust which is said to be a portrait of Don Pedro. This + bust, unfortunately, is a modern production. During the + seventeenth century the old one had become very much defaced, and + the municipality had it replaced by that now to be seen. + +**** /Rom/, husband. /Romi/, wife. + +"There I stood in the middle of the room, laden with all her +purchases, and not knowing where I was to put them down. She tumbled +them all onto the floor, and threw her arms round my neck, saying: + +" 'I pay my debts, I pay my debts! That's the law of the /Cales/.'* + +* /Calo/, feminine /calli/, plural /cales/. Literally "black," the + name the gipsies apply to themselves in their own language. + +"Ah, sir, that day! that day! When I think of it I forget what +to-morrow must bring me!" + +For a moment the bandit held his peace, then, when he had relighted +his cigar, he began afresh. + +"We spent the whole day together, eating, drinking, and so forth. When +she had stuffed herself with sugar-plums, like any child of six years +old, she thrust them by handfuls into the old woman's water-jar. +'That'll make sherbet for her,' she said. She smashed the /yemas/ by +throwing them against the walls. 'They'll keep the flies from +bothering us.' There was no prank or wild frolic she didn't indulge +in. I told her I should have liked to see her dance, only there were +no castanets to be had. Instantly she seized the old woman's only +earthenware plate, smashed it up, and there she was dancing the +/Romalis/, and making the bits of broken crockery rattle as well as if +they had been ebony and ivory castanets. That girl was good company, I +can tell you! Evening fell, and I heard the drums beating tattoo. + +" 'I must get back to quarters for roll-call,' I said. + +" 'To quarters!' she answered, with a look of scorn. 'Are you a negro +slave, to let yourself be driven with a ramrod like that! You are as +silly as a canary bird. Your dress suits your nature.* Pshaw! you've +no more heart than a chicken.' + +* Spanish dragoons wear a yellow uniform. + +"I stayed on, making up my mind to the inevitable guard-room. The next +morning the first suggestion of parting came from her. + +" 'Hark ye, Joseito,' she said. 'Have I paid you? By our law, I owed +you nothing, because you're a /payllo/. But you're a good-looking +fellow, and I took a fancy to you. Now we're quits. Good-day!' + +"I asked her when I should see her again. + +" 'When you're less of a simpleton,' she retorted, with a laugh. Then, +in a more serious tone, 'Do you know, my son, I really believe I love +you a little; but that can't last! The dog and the wolf can't agree +for long. Perhaps if you turned gipsy, I might care to be your /romi/. +But that's all nonsense, such things aren't possible. Pshaw! my boy. +Believe me, you're well out of it. You've come across the devil--he +isn't always black--and you've not had your neck wrung. I wear a +woollen suit, but I'm no sheep.* Go and burn a candle to your +/majari/,** she deserves it well. Come, good-by once more. Don't think +any more about /La Carmencita/, or she'll end by making you marry a +widow with wooden legs.'*** + +* /Me dicas vriarda de jorpoy, bus ne sino braco/.--A gipsy proverb. + +** The Saint, the Holy Virgin. + +*** The gallows, which is the widow of the last man hanged upon it. + +"As she spoke, she drew back the bar that closed the door, and once we +were out in the street she wrapped her mantilla about her, and turned +on her heel. + +"She spoke the truth. I should have done far better never to think of +her again. But after that day in the /Calle del Candilejo/ I couldn't +think of anything else. All day long I used to walk about, hoping I +might meet her. I sought news of her from the old hag, and from the +fried-fish seller. They both told me she had gone away to /Laloro/, +which is their name for Portugal. They probably said it by Carmen's +orders, but I soon found out they were lying. Some weeks after my day +in the /Calle del Candilejo/ I was on duty at one of the town gates. A +little way from the gate there was a breach in the wall. The masons +were working at it in the daytime, and at night a sentinel was posted +on it, to prevent smugglers from getting in. All through one day I saw +Lillas Pastia going backward and forward near the guard-room, and +talking to some of my comrades. They all knew him well, and his fried- +fish and fritters even better. He came up to me, and asked if I had +any news of Carmen. + +" 'No,' said I. + +" 'Well,' said he, 'you'll soon hear of her, old fellow.' + +"He was not mistaken. That night I was posted to guard the breach in +the wall. As soon as the sergeant had disappeared I saw a woman coming +toward me. My heart told me it was Carmen. Still I shouted: + +" 'Keep off! Nobody can pass here!' + +" 'Now, don't be spiteful,' she said, making herself known to me. + +" 'What! you here, Carmen?' + +" 'Yes, /mi payllo/. Let us say few words, but wise ones. Would you +like to earn a douro? Some people will be coming with bundles. Let +them alone.' + +" 'No,' said I, 'I must not allow them through. These are my orders.' + +" 'Orders! orders! You didn't think about orders in the /Calle del +Candilejo/!' + +" 'Ah!' I cried, quite maddened by the very thought of that night. 'It +was well worth while to forget my orders for that! But I won't have +any smuggler's money!' + +" 'Well, if you won't have money, shall we go and dine together at old +Dorotea's?' + +" 'No,' said I, half choked by the effort it cost me. 'No, I can't.' + +" 'Very good! If you make so many difficulties, I know to whom I can +go. I'll ask your officer if he'll come with me to Dorotea's. He looks +good-natured, and he'll post a sentry who'll only see what he had +better see. Good-bye, canary-bird! I shall have a good laugh the day +the order comes out to hang you!' + +"I was weak enough to call her back, and I promised to let the whole +of gipsydom pass in, if that were necessary, so that I secured the +only reward I longed for. She instantly swore she would keep her word +faithfully the very next day, and ran off to summon her friends, who +were close by. There were five of them, of whom Pastia was one, all +well loaded with English goods. Carmen kept watch for them. She was to +warn them with her castanets the instant she caught sight of the +patrol. But there was no necessity for that. The smugglers finished +their job in a moment. + +"The next day I went to the /Calle del Candilejo/. Carmen kept me +waiting, and when she came, she was in rather a bad temper. + +" 'I don't like people who have to be pressed,' she said. 'You did me +a much greater service the first time, without knowing you'd gain +anything by it. Yesterday you bargained with me. I don't know why I've +come, for I don't care for you any more. Here, be off with you. Here's +a douro for your trouble.' + +"I very nearly threw the coin at her head, and I had to make a violent +effort to prevent myself from actually beating her. After we had +wrangled for an hour I went off in a fury. For some time I wandered +about the town, walking hither and thither like a madman. At last I +went into a church, and getting into the darkest corner I could find, +I cried hot tears. All at once I heard a voice. + +" 'A dragoon in tears. I'll make a philter of them!' + +"I looked up. There was Carmen in front of me. + +" 'Well, /mi payllo/, are you still angry with me?' she said. 'I must +care for you in spite of myself, for since you left me I don't know +what has been the matter with me. Look you, it is I who ask you to +come to the /Calle del Candilejo/, now!' + +"So we made it up: but Carmen's temper was like the weather in our +country. The storm is never so close, in our mountains, as when the +sun is at its brightest. She had promised to meet me again at +Dorotea's, but she didn't come. + +"And Dorotea began telling me again that she had gone off to Portugal +about some gipsy business. + +"As experience had already taught me how much of that I was to +believe, I went about looking for Carmen wherever I thought she might +be, and twenty times in every day I walked through the /Calle del +Candilejo/. One evening I was with Dorotea, whom I had almost tamed by +giving her a glass of anisette now and then, when Carmen walked in, +followed by a young man, a lieutenant in our regiment. + +" 'Get away at once,' she said to me in Basque. I stood there, +dumfounded, my heart full of rage. + +" 'What are you doing here?' said the lieutenant to me. 'Take yourself +off--get out of this.' + +"I couldn't move a step. I felt paralyzed. The officer grew angry, and +seeing I did not go out, and had not even taken off my forage cap, he +caught me by the collar and shook me roughly. I don't know what I said +to him. He drew his sword, and I unsheathed mine. The old woman caught +hold of my arm, and the lieutenant gave me a wound on the forehead, of +which I still bear the scar. I made a step backward, and with one jerk +of my elbow I threw old Dorotea down. Then, as the lieutenant still +pressed me, I turned the point of my sword against his body and he ran +upon it. Then Carmen put out the lamp and told Dorotea, in her own +language, to take to flight. I fled into the street myself, and began +running along, I knew not whither. It seemed to me that some one was +following me. When I came to myself I discovered that Carmen had never +left me. + +" 'Great stupid of a canary-bird!' she said, 'you never make anything +but blunders. And, indeed, you know I told you I should bring you bad +luck. But come, there's a cure for everything when you have a Fleming +from Rome* for your love. Begin by rolling this handkerchief round +your head, and throw me over that belt of yours. Wait for me in this +alley--I'll be back in two minutes. + +* /Flamenco de Roma/, a slang term for the gipsies. Roma does not + stand for the Eternal City, but for the nation of the /romi/, or + the married folk--a name applied by the gipsies to themselves. The + first gipsies seen in Spain probably came from the Low Countries, + hence their name of /Flemings/. + +"She disappeared, and soon came back bringing me a striped cloak which +she had gone to fetch, I knew not whence. She made me take off my +uniform, and put on the cloak over my shirt. Thus dressed, and with +the wound on my head bound round with the handkerchief, I was +tolerably like a Valencian peasant, many of whom come to Seville to +sell a drink they make out of '/chufas/.'* Then she took me to a house +very much like Dorotea's, at the bottom of a little lane. Here she and +another gipsy woman washed and dressed my wounds, better than any army +surgeon could have done, gave me something, I know not what, to drink, +and finally made me lie down on a mattress, on which I went to sleep. + +* A bulbous root, out of which rather a pleasant beverage is + manufactured. + +"Probably the woman had mixed one of the soporific drugs of which they +know the secret in my drink, for I did not wake up till very late the +next day. I was rather feverish, and had a violent headache. It was +some time before the memory of the terrible scene in which I had taken +part on the previous night came back to me. After having dressed my +wound, Carmen and her friend, squatting on their heels beside my +mattress, exchanged a few words of '/chipe calli/,' which appeared to +me to be something in the nature of a medical consultation. Then they +both of them assured me that I should soon be cured, but that I must +get out of Seville at the earliest possible moment, for that, if I was +caught there, I should most undoubtedly be shot. + +" 'My boy,' said Carmen to me, 'you'll have to do something. Now that +the king won't give you either rice or haddock* you'll have to think +of earning your livelihood. You're too stupid for stealing /a +pastesas/.** But you are brave and active. If you have the pluck, take +yourself off to the coast and turn smuggler. Haven't I promised to get +you hanged? That's better than being shot, and besides, if you set +about it properly, you'll live like a prince as long as the +/minons/*** and the coast-guard don't lay their hands on your collar.' + +* The ordinary food of a Spanish soldier. + +** /Ustilar a pastesas/, to steal cleverly, to purloin without + violence. + +*** A sort of volunteer corps. + +"In this attractive guise did this fiend of a girl describe the new +career she was suggesting to me,--the only one, indeed, remaining, now +I had incurred the penalty of death. Shall I confess it, sir? She +persuaded me without much difficulty. This wild and dangerous life, it +seemed to me, would bind her and me more closely together. In future, +I thought, I should be able to make sure of her love. + +"I had often heard talk of certain smugglers who travelled about +Andalusia, each riding a good horse, with his mistress behind him and +his blunderbuss in his fist. Already I saw myself trotting up and down +the world, with a pretty gipsy behind me. When I mentioned that notion +to her, she laughed till she had to hold her sides, and vowed there +was nothing in the world so delightful as a night spent camping in the +open air, when each /rom/ retired with his /romi/ beneath their little +tent, made of three hoops with a blanket thrown across them. + +" 'If I take to the mountains,' said I to her, 'I shall be sure of +you. There'll be no lieutenant there to go shares with me.' + +" 'Ha! ha! you're jealous!' she retorted, 'so much the worse for you. +How can you be such a fool as that? Don't you see I must love you, +because I have never asked you for money?' + +"When she said that sort to thing I could have strangled her. + +"To shorten the story, sir, Carmen procured me civilian clothes, +disguised in which I got out of Seville without being recognised. I +went to Jerez, with a letter from Pastia to a dealer in anisette whose +house was the smugglers' meeting-place. I was introduced to them, and +their leader, surnamed /El Dancaire/, enrolled me in his gang. We +started for Gaucin, where I found Carmen, who had told me she would +meet me there. In all these expeditions she acted as spy for our gang, +and she was the best that ever was seen. She had now just returned +from Gibraltar, and had already arranged with the captain of a ship +for a cargo of English goods which we were to receive on the coast. We +went to meet it near Estepona. We hid part in the mountains, and laden +with the rest, we proceeded to Ronda. Carmen had gone there before us. +It was she again who warned us when we had better enter the town. This +first journey, and several subsequent ones, turned out well. I found +the smuggler's life pleasanter than a soldier's: I could give presents +to Carmen, I had money, and I had a mistress. I felt little or no +remorse, for, as the gipsies say, 'The happy man never longs to +scratch his itch.' We were made welcome everywhere, my comrades +treated me well, and even showed me a certain respect. The reason of +this was that I had killed my man, and that some of them had no +exploit of that description on their conscience. But what I valued +most in my new life was that I often saw Carmen. She showed me more +affection than ever; nevertheless, she would never admit, before my +comrades, that she was my mistress, and she had even made me swear all +sorts of oaths that I would not say anything about her to them. I was +so weak in that creature's hands, that I obeyed all her whims. And +besides, this was the first time she had revealed herself as +possessing any of the reserve of a well-conducted woman, and I was +simple enough to believe she had really cast off her former habits. + +"Our gang, which consisted of eight or ten men, was hardly ever +together except at decisive moments, and we were usually scattered by +twos and threes about the towns and villages. Each one of us pretended +to have some trade. One was a tinker, another was a groom; I was +supposed to peddle haberdashery, but I hardly ever showed myself in +large places, on account of my unlucky business at Seville. One day, +or rather one night, we were to meet below Veger. /El Dancaire/ and I +got there before the others. + +" 'We shall soon have a new comrade,' said he. 'Carmen has just +managed one of her best tricks. She has contrived the escape of her +/rom/, who was in the /presidio/ at Tarifa.' + +"I was already beginning to understand the gipsy language, which +nearly all my comrades spoke, and this word /rom/ startled me. + +"What! her husband? Is she married, then?' said I to the captain. + +" 'Yes!' he replied, 'married to Garcia /el Tuerto/*--as cunning a +gipsy as she is herself. The poor fellow has been at the galleys. +Carmen has wheedled the surgeon of the /presidio/ to such good purpose +that she has managed to get her /rom/ out of prison. Faith! that +girl's worth her weight in gold. For two years she has been trying to +contrive his escape, but she could do nothing until the authorities +took it into their heads to change the surgeon. She soon managed to +come to an understanding with this new one.' + +* One-eyed man. + +"You may imagine how pleasant this news was for me. I soon saw Garcia +/el Tuerto/. He was the very ugliest brute that was ever nursed in +gipsydom. His skin was black, his soul was blacker, and he was +altogether the most thorough-paced ruffian I ever came across in my +life. Carmen arrived with him, and when she called him her /rom/ in my +presence, you should have seen the eyes she made at me, and the faces +she pulled whenever Garcia turned his head away. + +"I was disgusted, and never spoke a word to her all night. The next +morning we had made up our packs, and had already started, when we +became aware that we had a dozen horsemen on our heels. The braggart +Andalusians, who had been boasting they would murder every one who +came near them, cut a pitiful figure at once. There was a general +rout. /El Dancaire/, Garcia, a good-looking fellow from Ecija, who was +called /El Remendado/, and Carmen herself, kept their wits about them. +The rest forsook the mules and took to the gorges, where the horses +could not follow them. There was no hope of saving the mules, so we +hastily unstrapped the best part of our booty, and taking it on our +shoulders, we tried to escape through the rocks down the steepest of +the slopes. We threw our packs down in front of us and followed them +as best we could, slipping along on our heels. Meanwhile the enemy +fired at us. It was the first time I had ever heard bullets whistling +around me and I didn't mind it very much. When there's a woman looking +on, there's no particular merit in snapping one's fingers at death. We +all escaped except the poor /Remendado/, who received a bullet wound +in the loins. I threw away my pack and tried to lift him up. + +" 'Idiot!' shouted Garcia, 'what do we want with offal! Finish him +off, and don't lose the cotton stockings!' + +" 'Drop him!' cried Carmen. + +"I was so exhausted that I was obliged to lay him down for a moment +under a rock. Garcia came up, and fired his blunderbuss full into his +face. 'He'd be a clever fellow who recognised him now!' said he, as he +looked at the face, cut to pieces by a dozen slugs. + +"There, sir; that's the delightful sort of life I've led! That night +we found ourselves in a thicket, worn out with fatigue, with nothing +to eat, and ruined by the loss of our mules. What do you think that +devil Garcia did? He pulled a pack of cards out of his pocket and +began playing games with /El Dancaire/ by the light of a fire they +kindled. Meanwhile I was lying down, staring at the stars, thinking of +/El Remendado/, and telling myself I would just as lief be in his +place. Carmen was squatting down near me, and every now and then she +would rattle her castanets and hum a tune. Then, drawing close to me, +as if she would have whispered in my ear, she kissed me two or three +times over almost against my will. + +" 'You are a devil,' said I to her. + +" 'Yes,' she replied. + +"After a few hours' rest, she departed to Gaucin, and the next morning +a little goatherd brought us some food. We stayed there all that day, +and in the evening we moved close to Gaucin. We were expecting news +from Carmen, but none came. After daylight broke we saw a muleteer +attending a well-dressed woman with a parasol, and a little girl who +seemed to be her servant. Said Garcia, 'There go two mules and two +women whom St. Nicholas has sent us. I would rather have had four +mules, but no matter. I'll do the best I can with these.' + +"He took his blunderbuss, and went down the pathway, hiding himself +among the brushwood. + +"We followed him, /El Dancaire/ and I keeping a little way behind. As +soon as the woman saw us, instead of being frightened--and our dress +would have been enough to frighten any one--she burst into a fit of +loud laughter. 'Ah! the /lillipendi/! They take me for an /erani/!'* + +* "The idiots, they take me for a smart lady!" + +"It was Carmen, but so well disguised that if she had spoken any other +language I should never have recognised her. She sprang off her mule, +and talked some time in an undertone with /El Dancaire/ and Garcia. +Then she said to me: + +" 'Canary-bird, we shall meet again before you're hanged. I'm off to +Gibraltar on gipsy business--you'll soon have news of me.' + +"We parted, after she had told us of a place where we should find +shelter for some days. That girl was the providence of our gang. We +soon received some money sent by her, and a piece of news which was +still more useful to us--to the effect that on a certain day two +English lords would travel from Gibraltar to Granada by a road she +mentioned. This was a word to the wise. They had plenty of good +guineas. Garcia would have killed them, but /El Dancaire/ and I +objected. All we took from them, besides their shirts, which we +greatly needed, was their money and their watches. + +"Sir, a man may turn rogue in sheer thoughtlessness. You lose your +head over a pretty girl, you fight another man about her, there is a +catastrophe, you have to take to the mountains, and you turn from a +smuggler into a robber before you have time to think about it. After +this matter of the English lords, we concluded that the neighbourhood +of Gibraltar would not be healthy for us, and we plunged into the +/Sierra de Ronda/. You once mentioned Jose-Maria to me. Well, it was +there I made acquaintance with him. He always took his mistress with +him on his expeditions. She was a pretty girl, quiet, modest, well- +mannered, you never heard a vulgar word from her, and she was quite +devoted to him. He, on his side, led her a very unhappy life. He was +always running after other women, he ill-treated her, and then +sometimes he would take it into his head to be jealous. One day he +slashed her with a knife. Well, she only doted on him the more! That's +the way with women, and especially with Andalusians. This girl was +proud of the scar on her arm, and would display it as though it were +the most beautiful thing in the world. And then Jose-Maria was the +worst of comrades in the bargain. In one expedition we made with him, +he managed so that he kept all the profits, and we had all the trouble +and the blows. But I must go back to my story. We had no sign at all +from Carmen. /El Dancaire/ said: 'One of us will have to go to +Gibraltar to get news of her. She must have planned some business. I'd +go at once, only I'm too well known at Gibraltar.' /El Tuerto/ said: + +" 'I'm well known there too. I've played so many tricks on the +crayfish*--and as I've only one eye, it is not overeasy for me to +disguise myself.' + +* Name applied by the Spanish populace to the British soldiers, on + account of the colour of their uniform. + +" 'Then I suppose I must go,' said I, delighted at the very idea of +seeing Carmen again. 'Well, how am I to set about it?' + +"The others answered: + +" 'You must either go by sea, or you must get through by San Rocco, +whichever you like the best; once you are in Gibraltar, inquire in the +port where a chocolate-seller called /La Rollona/ lives. When you've +found her, she'll tell you everything that's happening.' + +"It was settled that we were all to start for the Sierra, that I was +to leave my two companions there, and take my way to Gibraltar, in the +character of a fruit-seller. At Ronda one of our men procured me a +passport; at Gaucin I was provided with a donkey. I loaded it with +oranges and melons, and started forth. When I reached Gibraltar I +found that many people knew /La Rollona/, but that she was either dead +or had gone /ad finibus terroe/,* and, to my mind, her disappearance +explained the failure of our correspondence with Carmen. I stabled my +donkey, and began to move about the town, carrying my oranges as +though to sell them, but in reality looking to see whether I could not +come across any face I knew. The place is full of ragamuffins from +every country in the world, and it really is like the Tower of Babel, +for you can't go ten paces along a street without hearing as many +languages. I did see some gipsies, but I hardly dared confide in them. +I was taking stock of them, and they were taking stock of me. We had +mutually guessed each other to be rogues, but the important thing for +us was to know whether we belonged to the same gang. After having +spent two days in fruitless wanderings, and having found out nothing +either as to /La Rollona/ or as to Carmen, I was thinking I would go +back to my comrades as soon as I had made a few purchases, when, +toward sunset, as I was walking along a street, I heard a woman's +voice from a window say, 'Orange-seller!' + +* To the galleys, or else to all the devils in hell. + +"I looked up, and on a balcony I saw Carmen looking out, beside a +scarlet-coated officer with gold epaulettes, curly hair, and all the +appearance of a rich /milord/. As for her, she was magnificently +dressed, a shawl hung on her shoulders, she'd a gold comb in her hair, +everything she wore was of silk; and the cunning little wretch, not a +bit altered, was laughing till she held her sides. + +"The Englishman shouted to me in mangled Spanish to come upstairs, as +the lady wanted some oranges, and Carmen said to me in Basque: + +" 'Come up, and don't look astonished at anything!' + +"Indeed, nothing that she did ought ever to have astonished me. I +don't know whether I was most happy or wretched at seeing her again. +At the door of the house there was a tall English servant with a +powdered head, who ushered me into a splendid drawing-room. Instantly +Carmen said to me in Basque, 'You don't know one word of Spanish, and +you don't know me.' Then turning to the Englishman, she added: + +" 'I told you so. I saw at once he was a Basque. Now you'll hear what +a queer language he speaks. Doesn't he look silly? He's like a cat +that's been caught in the larder!' + +" 'And you,' said I to her in my own language, 'you look like an +impudent jade--and I've a good mind to scar your face here and now, +before your spark.' + +" 'My spark!' said she. 'Why, you've guessed that all alone! Are you +jealous of this idiot? You're even sillier than you were before our +evening in the /Calle del Candilejo/! Don't you see, fool, that at +this moment I'm doing gipsy business, and doing it in the most +brilliant manner? This house belongs to me--the guineas of that +crayfish will belong to me! I lead him by the nose, and I'll lead him +to a place that he'll never get out of!' + +" 'And if I catch you doing any gipsy business in this style again, +I'll see to it that you never do any again!' said I. + +" 'Ah! upon my word! Are you my /rom/, pray that you give me orders? +If /El Tuerto/ is pleased, what have you to do with it? Oughtn't you +to be very happy that you are the only man who can call himself my +/minchorro/?'* + +* My "lover," or rather my "fancy." + +" 'What does he say?' inquired the Englishman. + +" 'He says he's thirsty, and would like a drink,' answered Carmen, and +she threw herself back upon a sofa, screaming with laughter at her own +translation. + +"When that girl begins to laugh, sir, it was hopeless for anybody to +try and talk sense. Everybody laughed with her. The big Englishman +began to laugh too, like the idiot he was, and ordered the servant to +bring me something to drink. + +"While I was drinking she said to me: + +" 'Do you see that ring he has on his finger? If you like I'll give it +to you.' + +"And I answered: + +" 'I would give one of my fingers to have your /milord/ out on the +mountains, and each of us with a /maquila/ in his fist.' + +" '/Maquila/, what does that mean?' asked the Englishman. + +" 'Maquila,' said Carmen, still laughing, 'means an orange. Isn't it a +queer word for an orange? He says he'd like you to eat /maquila/.' + +" 'Does he?' said the Englishman. 'Very well, bring more /maquila/ +to-morrow.' + +"While we were talking a servant came in and said dinner was ready. +Then the Englishman stood up, gave me a piastre, and offered his arm +to Carmen, as if she couldn't have walked alone. Carmen, who was still +laughing, said to me: + +" 'My boy, I can't ask you to dinner. But to-morrow, as soon as you +hear the drums beat for parade, come here with your oranges. You'll +find a better furnished room than the one in the /Calle del +Candilejo/, and you'll see whether I am still your /Carmencita/. Then +afterwards we'll talk about gipsy business.' + +"I gave her no answer--even when I was in the street I could hear the +Englishman shouting, 'Bring more /maquila/ to-morrow,' and Carmen's +peals of laughter. + +"I went out, not knowing what I should do; I hardly slept, and next +morning I was so enraged with the treacherous creature that I made up +my mind to leave Gibraltar without seeing her again. But the moment +the drums began to roll, my courage failed me. I took up my net full +of oranges, and hurried off to Carmen's house. Her window-shutters had +been pulled apart a little, and I saw her great dark eyes watching for +me. The powdered servant showed me in at once. Carmen sent him out +with a message, and as soon as we were alone she burst into one of her +fits of crocodile laughter and threw her arms around my neck. Never +had I seen her look so beautiful. She was dressed out like a queen, +and scented; she had silken furniture, embroidered curtains--and I +togged out like the thief I was! + +" '/Minchorro/,' said Carmen, 'I've a good mind to smash up everything +here, set fire to the house, and take myself off to the mountains.' +And then she would fondle me, and then she would laugh, and she danced +about and tore up her fripperies. Never did monkey gambol nor make +such faces, nor play such wild tricks, as she did that day. When she +had recovered her gravity-- + +" 'Hark!' she said, 'this is gipsy business. I mean him to take me to +Ronda, where I have a sister who is a nun' (here she shrieked with +laughter again). 'We shall pass by a particular spot which I shall +make known to you. Then you must fall upon him and strip him to the +skin. Your best plan would be to do for him, but,' she added, with a +certain fiendish smile of hers, which no one who saw it ever had any +desire to imitate, 'do you know what you had better do? Let /El +Tuerto/ come up in front of you. You keep a little behind. The +crayfish is brave, and skilful too, and he has good pistols. Do you +understand?' + +"And she broke off with another fit of laughter that made me shiver. + +" 'No,' said I, 'I hate Garcia, but he's my comrade. Some day, maybe, +I'll rid you of him, but we'll settle our account after the fashion of +my country. It's only chance that has made me a gipsy, and in certain +things I shall always be a thorough Navarrese,* as the proverb says. + +* /Navarro fino/. + +" 'You're a fool,' she rejoined, 'a simpleton, a regular /payllo/. +You're just like the dwarf who thinks himself tall because he can spit +a long way.* You don't love me! Be off with you!' + +* /Or esorjle de or marsichisle, sin chisnar lachinguel/. "The + promise of a dwarf is that he will spit a long way."--A gipsy + proverb. + +"Whenever she said to me 'Be off with you," I couldn't go away. I +promised I would start back to my comrades and wait the arrival of the +Englishman. She, on her side, promised she would be ill until she left +Gibraltar for Ronda. + +"I remained at Gibraltar two days longer. She had the boldness to +disguise herself and come and see me at the inn. I departed, I had a +plan of my own. I went back to our meeting-place with the information +as to the spot and the hour at which the Englishman and Carmen were to +pass by. I found /El Dancaire/ and Garcia waiting for me. We spent the +night in a wood, beside a fire made of pine-cones that blazed +splendidly. I suggested to Garcia that we should play cards, and he +agreed. In the second game I told him he was cheating; he began to +laugh; I threw the cards in his face. He tried to get at his +blunderbuss. I set my foot on it, and said, 'They say you can use a +knife as well as the best ruffian in Malaga; will you try it with me?' +/El Dancaire/ tried to part us. I had given Garcia one or two cuffs, +his rage had given him courage, he drew his knife, and I drew mine. We +both of us told /El Dancaire/ he must leave us alone, and let us fight +it out. He saw there was no means of stopping us, so he stood on one +side. Garcia was already bent double, like a cat ready to spring upon +a mouse. He held his hat in his left hand to parry with, and his knife +in front of him--that's their Andalusian guard. I stood up in the +Navarrese fashion, with my left arm raised, my left leg forward, and +my knife held straight along my right thigh. I felt I was stronger +than any giant. He flew at me like an arrow. I turned round on my left +foot, so that he found nothing in front of him. But I thrust him in +the throat, and the knife went in so far that my hand was under his +chin. I gave the blade such a twist that it broke. That was the end. +The blade was carried out of the wound by a gush of blood as thick as +my arm, and he fell full length on his face. + +" 'What have you done?' said /El Dancaire/ to me. + +" 'Hark ye,' said I, 'we couldn't live on together. I love Carmen and +I mean to be the only one. And besides, Garcia was a villain. I +remember what he did to that poor /Remendado/. There are only two of +us left now, but we are both good fellows. Come, will you have me for +your friend, for life or death?' + +"/El Dancaire/ stretched out his hand. He was a man of fifty. + +" 'Devil take these love stories!' he cried. 'If you'd asked him for +Carmen he'd have sold her to you for a piastre! There are only two of +us now--how shall we manage for to-morrow?' + +" 'I'll manage it all alone,' I answered. 'I can snap my fingers at +the whole world now.' + +"We buried Garcia, and we moved our camp two hundred paces farther on. +The next morning Carmen and her Englishman came along with two +muleteers and a servant. I said to /El Dancaire/: + +" 'I'll look after the Englishman, you frighten the others--they're +not armed!' + +"The Englishman was a plucky fellow. He'd have killed me if Carmen +hadn't jogged his elbow. + +"To put it shortly, I won Carmen back that day, and my first words +were to tell her she was a widow. + +"When she knew how it had all happened-- + +" 'You'll always be a /lillipendi/,' she said. 'Garcia ought to have +killed you. Your Navarrese guard is a pack of nonsense, and he has +sent far more skilful men than you into the darkness. It was just that +his time had come--and yours will come too.' + +" 'Ay, and yours too!--if you're not a faithful /romi/ to me.' + +" 'So be it,' said she. 'I've read in the coffee grounds, more than +once, that you and I were to end our lives together. Pshaw! what must +be, will be!' and she rattled her castanets, as was her way when she +wanted to drive away some worrying thought. + +"One runs on when one is talking about one's self. I dare say all +these details bore you, but I shall soon be at the end of my story. +Our new life lasted for some considerable time. /El Dancaire/ and I +gathered a few comrades about us, who were more trustworthy than our +earlier ones, and we turned our attention to smuggling. Occasionally, +indeed, I must confess we stopped travellers on the highways, but +never unless we were at the last extremity, and could not avoid doing +so; and besides, we never ill-treated the travellers, and confined +ourselves to taking their money from them. + +"For some months I was very well satisfied with Carmen. She still +served us in our smuggling operations, by giving us notice of any +opportunity of making a good haul. She remained either at Malaga, at +Cordova, or at Granada, but at a word from me she would leave +everything, and come to meet me at some /venta/ or even in our lonely +camp. Only once--it was at Malaga--she caused me some uneasiness. I +heard she had fixed her fancy upon a very rich merchant, with whom she +probably proposed to play her Gibraltar trick over again. In spite of +everything /El Dancaire/ said to stop me, I started off, walked into +Malaga in broad daylight, sought for Carmen and carried her off +instantly. We had a sharp altercation. + +" 'Do you know,' said she, 'now that you're my /rom/ for good and all, +I don't care for you so much as when you were my /minchorro/! I won't +be worried, and above all, I won't be ordered about. I choose to be +free to do as I like. Take care you don't drive me too far; if you +tire me out, I'll find some good fellow who'll serve you just as you +served /El Tuerto/.' + +"/El Dancaire/ patched it up between us; but we had said things to +each other that rankled in our hearts, and we were not as we had been +before. Shortly after that we had a misfortune: the soldiers caught +us, /El Dancaire/ and two of my comrades were killed; two others were +taken. I was sorely wounded, and, but for my good horse, I should have +fallen into the soldiers' hands. Half dead with fatigue, and with a +bullet in my body, I sought shelter in a wood, with my only remaining +comrade. When I got off my horse I fainted away, and I thought I was +going to die there in the brushwood, like a shot hare. My comrade +carried me to a cave he knew of, and then he sent to fetch Carmen. + +"She was at Granada, and she hurried to me at once. For a whole +fortnight she never left me for a single instant. She never closed her +eyes; she nursed me with a skill and care such as no woman ever showed +to the man she loved most tenderly. As soon as I could stand on my +feet, she conveyed me with the utmost secrecy to Granada. These gipsy +women find safe shelter everywhere, and I spent more than six weeks in +a house only two doors from that of the /Corregidor/ who was trying to +arrest me. More than once I saw him pass by, from behind the shutter. +At last I recovered, but I had thought a great deal, on my bed of +pain, and I had planned to change my way of life. I suggested to +Carmen that we should leave Spain, and seek an honest livelihood in +the New World. She laughed in my face. + +" 'We were not born to plant cabbages,' she cried. 'Our fate is to +live /payllos/! Listen: I've arranged a business with Nathan Ben- +Joseph at Gibraltar. He has cotton stuffs that he can not get through +till you come to fetch them. He knows you're alive, and reckons upon +you. What would our Gibraltar correspondents say if you failed them?' + +"I let myself by persuaded, and took up my vile trade once more. + +"While I was hiding at Granada there were bull-fights there, to which +Carmen went. When she came back she talked a great deal about a +skilful /picador/ of the name of Lucas. She knew the name of his +horse, and how much his embroidered jacket had cost him. I paid no +attention to this; but a few days later, Juanito, the only one of my +comrades who was left, told me he had seen Carmen with Lucas in a shop +in the Zacatin. Then I began to feel alarmed. I asked Carmen how and +why she had made the /picador's/ acquaintance. + +" 'He's a man out of whom we may be able to get something,' said she. +'A noisy stream has either water in it or pebbles. He has earned +twelve hundred reals at the bull-fights. It must be one of two things: +we must either have his money, or else, as he is a good rider and a +plucky fellow, we can enroll him in our gang. We have lost such an one +an such an one; you'll have to replace them. Take this man with you!' + +" 'I want neither his money nor himself,' I replied, 'and I forbid you +to speak to him.' + +" 'Beware!' she retorted. 'If any one defies me to do a thing, it's +very quickly done.' + +"Luckily the /picador/ departed to Malaga, and I set about passing in +the Jew's cotton stuffs. This expedition gave me a great deal to do, +and Carmen as well. I forgot Lucas, and perhaps she forgot him too-- +for the moment, at all events. It was just about that time, sir, that +I met you, first at Montilla, and then afterward at Cordova. I won't +talk about that last interview. You know more about it, perhaps, than +I do. Carmen stole your watch from you, she wanted to have your money +besides, and especially that ring I see on your finger, and which she +declared to be a magic ring, the possession of which was very +important to her. We had a violent quarrel, and I struck her. She +turned pale and began to cry. It was the first time I had ever seen +her cry, and it affected me in the most painful manner. I begged her +to forgive me, but she sulked with me for a whole day, and when I +started back to Montilla she wouldn't kiss me. My heart was still very +sore, when, three days later, she joined me with a smiling face and as +merry as a lark. Everything was forgotten, and we were like a pair of +honeymoon lovers. Just as we were parting she said, 'There's a /fete/ +at Cordova; I shall go and see it, and then I shall know what people +will be coming away with money, and I can warn you.' + +"I let her go. When I was alone I thought about the /fete/, and about +the change in Carmen's temper. 'She must have avenged herself +already,' said I to myself, 'since she was the first to make our +quarrel up.' A peasant told me there was to be bull-fighting at +Cordova. Then my blood began to boil, and I went off like a madman +straight to the bull-ring. I had Lucas pointed out to me, and on the +bench, just beside the barrier, I recognised Carmen. One glance at her +was enough to turn my suspicion into certainty. When the first bull +appeared Lucas began, as I had expected to play the agreeable; he +snatched the cockade off the bull and presented it to Carmen, who put +it in her hair at once.* + +* /La divisa/. A knot of ribbon, the colour of which indicates the + pasturage from which each bull comes. This knot of ribbon is + fastened into the bull's hide with a sort of hook, and it is + considered the very height of gallantry to snatch it off the + living beast and present it to a woman. + +"The bull avenged me. Lucas was knocked down, with his horse on his +chest, and the bull on top of both of them. I looked for Carmen, she +had disappeared from her place already. I couldn't get out of mine, +and I was obliged to wait until the bull-fight was over. Then I went +off to that house you already know, and waited there quietly all that +evening and part of the night. Toward two o'clock in the morning +Carmen came back, and was rather surprised to see me. + +" 'Come with me,' said I. + +" 'Very well,' said she, 'let's be off.' + +"I went and got my horse, and took her up behind me, and we travelled +all the rest of the night without saying a word to each other. When +daylight came we stopped at a lonely inn, not far from a hermitage. +There I said to Carmen: + +" 'Listen--I forget everything, I won't mention anything to you. But +swear one thing to me--that you'll come with me to America, and live +there quietly!' + +" 'No,' said she, in a sulky voice, 'I won't go to America--I am very +well here.' + +" 'That's because you're near Lucas. But be very sure that even if he +gets well now, he won't make old bones. And, indeed, why should I +quarrel with him? I'm tired of killing all your lovers; I'll kill you +this time.' + +"She looked at me steadily with her wild eyes, and then she said: + +" 'I've always thought you would kill me. The very first time I saw +you I had just met a priest at the door of my house. And to-night, as +we were going out of Cordova, didn't you see anything? A hare ran +across the road between your horse's feet. It is fate.' + +" 'Carmencita,' I asked, 'don't you love me any more?' + +"She gave me no answer, she was sitting cross-legged on a mat, making +marks on the ground with her finger. + +" 'Let us change our life, Carmen,' said I imploringly. 'Let us go +away and live somewhere we shall never be parted. You know we have a +hundred and twenty gold ounces buried under an oak not far from here, +and then we have more money with Ben-Joseph the Jew.' + +"She began to smile, and then she said, 'Me first, and then you. I +know it will happen like that.' + +" 'Think about it,' said I. 'I've come to the end of my patience and +my courage. Make up your mind--or else I must make up mine.' + +"I left her alone and walked toward the hermitage. I found the hermit +praying. I waited till his prayer was finished. I longed to pray +myself, but I couldn't. When he rose up from his knees I went to him. + +" 'Father,' I said, 'will you pray for some one who is in great +danger?' + +" 'I pray for every one who is afflicted,' he replied. + +" 'Can you say a mass for a soul which is perhaps about to go into the +presence of its Maker?' + +" 'Yes,' he answered, looking hard at me. + +"And as there was something strange about me, he tried to make me +talk. + +" 'It seems to me that I have seen you somewhere,' said he. + +"I laid a piastre on his bench. + +" 'When shall you say the mass?' said I. + +" 'In half an hour. The son of the innkeeper yonder is coming to serve +it. Tell me, young man, haven't you something on your conscience that +is tormenting you? Will you listen to a Christian's counsel?' + +"I could hardly restrain my tears. I told him I would come back, and +hurried away. I went and lay down on the grass until I heard the bell. +Then I went back to the chapel, but I stayed outside it. When he had +said the mass, I went back to the /venta/. I was hoping Carmen would +have fled. She could have taken my horse and ridden away. But I found +her there still. She did not choose that any one should say I had +frightened her. While I had been away she had unfastened the hem of +her gown and taken out the lead that weighted it; and now she was +sitting before a table, looking into a bowl of water into which she +had just thrown the lead she had melted. She was so busy with her +spells that at first she didn't notice my return. Sometimes she would +take out a bit of lead and turn it round every way with a melancholy +look. Sometimes she would sing one of those magic songs, which invoke +the help of Maria Padella, Don Pedro's mistress, who is said to have +been the /Bari Crallisa/--the great gipsy queen.* + +* Maria Padella was accused of having bewitched Don Pedro. According + to one popular tradition she presented Queen Blanche of Bourbon + with a golden girdle which, in the eyes of the bewitched king, + took on the appearance of a living snake. Hence the repugnance he + always showed toward the unhappy princess. + +" 'Carmen,' I said to her, 'will you come with me?' She rose, threw +away her wooden bowl, and put her mantilla over her head ready to +start. My horse was led up, she mounted behind me, and we rode away. + +"After we had gone a little distance I said to her, 'So, my Carmen, +you are quite ready to follow me, isn't that so?' + +"She answered, 'Yes, I'll follow you, even to death--but I won't live +with you any more.' + +"We had reached a lonely gorge. I stopped my horse. + +" 'Is this the place?' she said. + +"And with a spring she reached the ground. She took off her mantilla +and threw it at her feet, and stood motionless, with one hand on her +hip, looking at me steadily. + +" 'You mean to kill me, I see that well,' said she. 'It is fate. But +you'll never make me give in.' + +"I said to her: 'Be rational, I implore you; listen to me. All the +past is forgotten. Yet you know it is you who have been my ruin--it is +because of you that I am a robber and a murderer. Carmen, my Carmen, +let me save you, and save myself with you.' + +" 'Jose,' she answered, 'what you ask is impossible. I don't love you +any more. You love me still, and that is why you want to kill me. If I +liked, I might tell you some other lie, but I don't choose to give +myself the trouble. Everything is over between us two. You are my +/rom/, and you have the right to kill your /romi/, but Carmen will +always be free. A /calli/ she was born, and a /calli/ she'll die.' + +" 'Then, you love Lucas?' I asked. + +" 'Yes, I have loved him--as I loved you--for an instant--less than I +loved you, perhaps. But now I don't love anything, and I hate myself +for ever having loved you.' + +"I cast myself at her feet, I seized her hands, I watered them with my +tears, I reminded her of all the happy moments we had spent together, +I offered to continue my brigand's life, if that would please her. +Everything, sir, everything--I offered her everything if she would +only love me again. + +"She said: + +" 'Love you again? That's not possible! Live with you? I will not do +it!' + +"I was wild with fury. I drew my knife, I would have had her look +frightened, and sue for mercy--but that woman was a demon. + +"I cried, 'For the last time I ask you. Will you stay with me?' + +" 'No! no! no!' she said, and she stamped her foot. + +"Then she pulled a ring I had given her off her finger, and cast it +into the brushwood. + +"I struck her twice over--I had taken Garcia's knife, because I had +broken my own. At the second thrust she fell without a sound. It seems +to me that I can still see her great black eyes staring at me. Then +they grew dim and the lids closed. + +"For a good hour I lay there prostrate beside her corpse. Then I +recollected that Carmen had often told me that she would like to lie +buried in a wood. I dug a grave for her with my knife and laid her in +it. I hunted about a long time for her ring, and I found it at last. I +put it into the grave beside her, with a little cross--perhaps I did +wrong. Then I got upon my horse, galloped to Cordova, and gave myself +up at the nearest guard-room. I told them I had killed Carmen, but I +would not tell them where her body was. That hermit was a holy man! He +prayed for her--he said a mass for her soul. Poor child! It's the +/calle/ who are to blame for having brought her up as they did." + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all +over Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and +so forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers. Most of these +people live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and +eastern provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the +kingdom of Murcia. There are a great many of them in Catalonia. These +last frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our +southern fairs. The men generally call themselves grooms, horse +doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of +saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other +illicit practices. The women tell fortunes, beg, and sell all sorts of +drugs, some of which are innocent, while some are not. The physical +characteristics of the gipsies are more easily distinguished then +described, and when you have known one, you should be able to +recognise a member of the race among a thousand other men. It is by +their physiognomy and expression, especially, that they differ from +the other inhabitants of the same country. Their complexion is +exceedingly swarthy, always darker than that of the race among whom +they live. Hence the name of /cale/ (blacks) which they frequently +apply to themselves.* Their eyes, set with a decided slant, are large, +very black, and shaded by long and heavy lashes. Their glance can only +be compared to that of a wild creature. It is full at once of boldness +and shyness, and in this respect their eyes are a fair indication of +their national character, which is cunning, bold, but with "the +natural fear of blows," like Panurge. Most of the men are strapping +fellows, slight and active. I don't think I ever saw a gipsy who had +grown fat. In Germany the gipsy women are often very pretty; but +beauty is very uncommon among the Spanish gitanas. When very young, +they may pass as being attractive in their ugliness, but once they +have reached motherhood, they become absolutely repulsive. The +filthiness of both sexes is incredible, and no one who has not seen a +gipsy matron's hair can form any conception of what it is, not even if +he conjures up the roughest, the greasiest, and the dustiest heads +imaginable. In some of the large Andalusian towns certain of the gipsy +girls, somewhat better looking than their fellows, will take more care +of their personal appearance. These go out and earn money by +performing dances strongly resembling those forbidden at our public +balls in carnival time. An English missionary, Mr. Borrow, the author +of two very interesting works on the Spanish gipsies, whom he +undertook to convert on behalf of the Bible Society, declares there is +no instance of any gitana showing the smallest weakness for a man not +belonging to her own race. The praise he bestows upon their chastity +strikes me as being exceedingly exaggerated. In the first place, the +great majority are in the position of the ugly woman described by +Ovid, "/Casta quam nemo rogavit/." As for the pretty ones, they are, +like all Spanish women, very fastidious in choosing their lovers. +Their fancy must be taken, and their favour must be earned. Mr. Borrow +quotes, in proof of their virtue, one trait which does honour to his +own, and especially to his simplicity: he declares that an immoral man +of his acquaintance offered several gold ounces to a pretty gitana, +and offered them in vain. An Andalusian, to whom I retailed this +anecdote, asserted that the immoral man in question would have been +far more successful if he had shown the girl two or three piastres, +and that to offer gold ounces to a gipsy was as poor a method of +persuasion as to promise a couple of millions to a tavern wench. +However that may be, it is certain that the gitana shows the most +extraordinary devotion to her husband. There is no danger and no +suffering she will not brave, to help him in his need. One of the +names which the gipsies apply to themselves, /Rome/, or "the married +couple," seems to me a proof of their racial respect for the married +state. Speaking generally, it may be asserted that their chief virtue +is their patriotism--if we may thus describe the fidelity they observe +in all their relations with persons of the same origin as their own, +their readiness to help one another, and the inviolable secrecy which +they keep for each other's benefit, in all compromising matters. And +indeed something of the same sort may be noticed in all mysterious +associations which are beyond the pale of the law. + +* It has struck me that the German gipsies, though they thoroughly + understand the word /cale/, do not care to be called by that name. + Among themselves they always use the designation /Romane tchave/. + +Some months ago, I paid a visit to a gipsy tribe in the Vosges +country. In the hut of an old woman, the oldest member of the tribe, I +found a gipsy, in no way related to the family, who was sick of a +mortal disease. The man had left a hospital, where he was well cared +for, so that he might die among his own people. For thirteen weeks he +had been lying in bed in their encampment, and receiving far better +treatment than any of the sons and sons-in-law who shared his shelter. +He had a good bed made of straw and moss, and sheets that were +tolerably white, whereas all the rest of the family, which numbered +eleven persons, slept on planks three feet long. So much for their +hospitality. This very same woman, humane as was her treatment of her +guest said to me constantly before the sick man: "/Singo, singo, homte +hi mulo/." "Soon, soon he must die!" After all, these people live such +miserable lives, that a reference to the approach of death can have no +terrors for them. + +One remarkable feature in the gipsy character is their indifference +about religion. Not that they are strong-minded or sceptical. They +have never made any profession of atheism. Far from that, indeed, the +religion of the country which they inhabit is always theirs; but they +change their religion when they change the country of their residence. +They are equally free from the superstitions which replace religious +feeling in the minds of the vulgar. How, indeed, can superstition +exist among a race which, as a rule, makes its livelihood out of the +credulity of others? Nevertheless, I have remarked a particular horror +of touching a corpse among the Spanish gipsies. Very few of these +could be induced to carry a dead man to his grave, even if they were +paid for it. + +I have said that most gipsy women undertake to tell fortunes. They do +this very successfully. But they find a much greater source of profit +in the sale of charms and love-philters. Not only do they supply +toads' claws to hold fickle hearts, and powdered loadstone to kindle +love in cold ones, but if necessity arises, they can use mighty +incantations, which force the devil to lend them his aid. Last year +the following story was related to me by a Spanish lady. She was +walking one day along the /Calle d'Alcala/, feeling very sad and +anxious. A gipsy woman who was squatting on the pavement called out to +her, "My pretty lady, your lover has played you false!" (It was quite +true.) "Shall I get him back for you?" My readers will imagine with +what joy the proposal was accepted, and how complete was the +confidence inspired by a person who could thus guess the inmost +secrets of the heart. As it would have been impossible to proceed to +perform the operations of magic in the most crowded street in Madrid, +a meeting was arranged for the next day. "Nothing will be easier than +to bring back the faithless one to your feet!" said the gitana. "Do +you happen to have a handkerchief, a scarf, or a mantilla, that he +gave you?" A silken scarf was handed her. "Now sew a piastre into one +corner of the scarf with crimson silk--sew half a piastre into another +corner--sew a peseta here--and a two-real piece there; then, in the +middle you must sew a gold coin--a doubloon would be best." The +doubloon and all the other coins were duly sewn in. "Now give me the +scarf, and I'll take it to the Campo Santo when midnight strikes. You +come along with me, if you want to see a fine piece of witchcraft. I +promise you shall see the man you love to-morrow!" The gipsy departed +alone for the Campo Santo, since my Spanish friend was too much afraid +of witchcraft to go there with her. I leave my readers to guess +whether my poor forsaken lady ever saw her lover, or her scarf, again. + +In spite of their poverty and the sort of aversion they inspire, the +gipsies are treated with a certain amount of consideration by the more +ignorant folk, and they are very proud of it. They feel themselves to +be a superior race as regards intelligence, and they heartily despise +the people whose hospitality they enjoy. "These Gentiles are so +stupid," said one of the Vosges gipsies to me, "that there is no +credit in taking them in. The other day a peasant woman called out to +me in the street. I went into her house. Her stove smoked and she +asked me to give her a charm to cure it. First of all I made her give +me a good bit of bacon, and then I began to mumble a few words in +/Romany/. 'You're a fool,' I said, 'you were born a fool, and you'll +die a fool!' When I had got near the door I said to her, in good +German, 'The most certain way of keeping your stove from smoking is +not to light any fire in it!' and then I took to my heels." + +The history of the gipsies is still a problem. We know, indeed, that +their first bands, which were few and far between, appeared in Eastern +Europe towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. But nobody can +tell whence they started, or why they came to Europe, and, what is +still more extraordinary, no one knows how they multiplied, within a +short time, and in so prodigious a fashion, and in several countries, +all very remote from each other. The gipsies themselves have preserved +no tradition whatsoever as to their origin, and though most of them do +speak of Egypt as their original fatherland, that is only because they +have adopted a very ancient fable respecting their race. + +Most of the Orientalists who have studied the gipsy language believe +that the cradle of the race was in India. It appears, in fact, that +many of the roots and grammatical forms of the /Romany/ tongue are to +be found in idioms derived from the Sanskrit. As may be imagined, the +gipsies, during their long wanderings, have adopted many foreign +words. In every /Romany/ dialect a number of Greek words appear. + +At the present day the gipsies have almost as many dialects as there +are separate hordes of their race. Everywhere, they speak the language +of the country they inhabit more easily than their own idiom, which +they seldom use, except with the object of conversing freely before +strangers. A comparison of the dialect of the German gipsies with that +used by the Spanish gipsies, who have held no communication with each +other for several centuries, reveals the existence of a great number +of words common to both. But everywhere the original language is +notably affected, though in different degrees, by its contact with the +more cultivated languages into the use of which the nomads have been +forced. German in one case and Spanish in the other have so modified +the /Romany/ groundwork that it would not be possible for a gipsy from +the Black Forest to converse with one of his Andalusian brothers, +although a few sentences on each side would suffice to convince them +that each was speaking a dialect of the same language. Certain words +in very frequent use are, I believe, common to every dialect. Thus, in +every vocabulary which I have been able to consult, /pani/ means +water, /manro/ means bread, /mas/ stands for meat, and /lon/ for salt. + +The nouns of number are almost the same in every case. The German +dialect seems to me much purer than the Spanish, for it has preserved +numbers of the primitive grammatical forms, whereas the Gitanos have +adopted those of the Castilian tongue. Nevertheless, some words are an +exception, as though to prove that the language was originally common +to all. The preterite of the German dialect is formed by adding /ium/ +to the imperative, which is always the root of the verb. In the +Spanish /Romany/ the verbs are all conjugated on the model of the +first conjugation of the Castilian verbs. From /jamar/, the infinitive +of "to eat," the regular conjugation should be /jame/, "I have eaten." +From /lillar/, "to take," /lille/, "I have taken." Yet, some old +gipsies say, as an exception, /jayon/ and /lillon/. I am not +acquainted with any other verbs which have preserved this ancient +form. + +While I am thus showing off my small acquaintance with the /Romany/ +language, I must notice a few words of French slang which our thieves +have borrowed from the gipsies. From /Les Mysteres de Paris/ honest +folk have learned that the word /chourin/ means "a knife." This is +pure /Romany/--/tchouri/ is one of the words which is common to every +dialect. Monsieur Vidocq calls a horse /gres/--this again is a gipsy +word--/gras/, /gre/, /graste/, and /gris/. Add to this the word +/romanichel/, by which the gipsies are described in Parisian slang. +This is a corruption of /romane tchave/--"gipsy lads." But a piece of +etymology of which I am really proud is that of the word /frimousse/, +"face," "countenance"--a word which every schoolboy uses, or did use, +in my time. Note, in the first place, the Oudin, in his curious +dictionary, published in 1640, wrote the word /firlimouse/. Now in +/Romany/, /firla/, or /fila/, stands for "face," and has the same +meaning--it is exactly the /os/ of the Latins. The combination of +/firlamui/ was instantly understood by a genuine gipsy, and I believe +it to be true to the spirit of the gipsy language. + +I have surely said enough to give the readers of Carmen a favourable +idea of my /Romany/ studies. I will conclude with the following +proverb, which comes in very appropriately: /En retudi panda nasti +abela macha/. "Between closed lips no fly can pass." + + + + + +End of The Project Gutenberg Etext of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + diff --git a/old/carmn10.zip b/old/carmn10.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c23fb9c --- /dev/null +++ b/old/carmn10.zip diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.txt b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fad7ce --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2831 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Carmen + +Author: Prosper Merimee + +Translator: Lady Mary Loyd + +Release Date: March 28, 2006 [EBook #2465] +Last Updated: October 25, 2016 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + + + + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers + + + + + +CARMEN + +by Prosper Merimee + + +Translated by Lady Mary Loyd + + + + +CHAPTER I + +I had always suspected the geographical authorities did not know what +they were talking about when they located the battlefield of Munda in +the county of the Bastuli-Poeni, close to the modern Monda, some two +leagues north of Marbella. + +According to my own surmise, founded on the text of the anonymous author +of the _Bellum Hispaniense_, and on certain information culled from the +excellent library owned by the Duke of Ossuna, I believed the site of +the memorable struggle in which Caesar played double or quits, once and +for all, with the champions of the Republic, should be sought in the +neighbourhood of Montilla. + +Happening to be in Andalusia during the autumn of 1830, I made a +somewhat lengthy excursion, with the object of clearing up certain +doubts which still oppressed me. A paper which I shall shortly publish +will, I trust, remove any hesitation that may still exist in the minds +of all honest archaeologists. But before that dissertation of mine +finally settles the geographical problem on the solution of which the +whole of learned Europe hangs, I desire to relate a little tale. It will +do no prejudice to the interesting question of the correct locality of +Monda. + +I had hired a guide and a couple of horses at Cordova, and had +started on my way with no luggage save a few shirts, and Caesar’s +_Commentaries_. As I wandered, one day, across the higher lands of the +Cachena plain, worn with fatigue, parched with thirst, scorched by a +burning sun, cursing Caesar and Pompey’s sons alike, most heartily, my +eye lighted, at some distance from the path I was following, on a little +stretch of green sward dotted with reeds and rushes. That betokened the +neighbourhood of some spring, and, indeed, as I drew nearer I perceived +that what had looked like sward was a marsh, into which a stream, which +seemed to issue from a narrow gorge between two high spurs of the Sierra +di Cabra, ran and disappeared. + +If I rode up that stream, I argued, I was likely to find cooler water, +fewer leeches and frogs, and mayhap a little shade among the rocks. + +At the mouth of the gorge, my horse neighed, and another horse, +invisible to me, neighed back. Before I had advanced a hundred paces, +the gorge suddenly widened, and I beheld a sort of natural amphitheatre, +thoroughly shaded by the steep cliffs that lay all around it. It was +impossible to imagine any more delightful halting place for a traveller. +At the foot of the precipitous rocks, the stream bubbled upward and fell +into a little basin, lined with sand that was as white as snow. Five or +six splendid evergreen oaks, sheltered from the wind, and cooled by the +spring, grew beside the pool, and shaded it with their thick foliage. +And round about it a close and glossy turf offered the wanderer a better +bed than he could have found in any hostelry for ten leagues round. + +The honour of discovering this fair spot did not belong to me. A man was +resting there already--sleeping, no doubt--before I reached it. Roused +by the neighing of the horses, he had risen to his feet and had moved +over to his mount, which had been taking advantage of its master’s +slumbers to make a hearty feed on the grass that grew around. He was an +active young fellow, of middle height, but powerful in build, and proud +and sullen-looking in expression. His complexion, which may once have +been fine, had been tanned by the sun till it was darker than his hair. +One of his hands grasped his horse’s halter. In the other he held a +brass blunderbuss. + +At the first blush, I confess, the blunderbuss, and the savage looks +of the man who bore it, somewhat took me aback. But I had heard so much +about robbers, that, never seeing any, I had ceased to believe in their +existence. And further, I had seen so many honest farmers arm themselves +to the teeth before they went out to market, that the sight of firearms +gave me no warrant for doubting the character of any stranger. “And +then,” quoth I to myself, “what could he do with my shirts and my +Elzevir edition of Caesar’s _Commentaries_?” So I bestowed a friendly +nod on the man with the blunderbuss, and inquired, with a smile, whether +I had disturbed his nap. Without any answer, he looked me over from +head to foot. Then, as if the scrutiny had satisfied him, he looked as +closely at my guide, who was just coming up. I saw the guide turn pale, +and pull up with an air of evident alarm. “An unlucky meeting!” thought +I to myself. But prudence instantly counselled me not to let any symptom +of anxiety escape me. So I dismounted. I told the guide to take off the +horses’ bridles, and kneeling down beside the spring, I laved my head +and hands and then drank a long draught, lying flat on my belly, like +Gideon’s soldiers. + +Meanwhile, I watched the stranger, and my own guide. This last seemed to +come forward unwillingly. But the other did not appear to have any evil +designs upon us. For he had turned his horse loose, and the blunderbuss, +which he had been holding horizontally, was now dropped earthward. + +Not thinking it necessary to take offence at the scant attention paid +me, I stretched myself full length upon the grass, and calmly asked the +owner of the blunderbuss whether he had a light about him. At the same +time I pulled out my cigar-case. The stranger, still without opening his +lips, took out his flint, and lost no time in getting me a light. He was +evidently growing tamer, for he sat down opposite to me, though he still +grasped his weapon. When I had lighted my cigar, I chose out the best I +had left, and asked him whether he smoked. + +“Yes, senor,” he replied. These were the first words I had heard him +speak, and I noticed that he did not pronounce the letter _s_* in the +Andalusian fashion, whence I concluded he was a traveller, like myself, +though, maybe, somewhat less of an archaeologist. + + * The Andalusians aspirate the _s_, and pronounce it like + the soft _c_ and the _z_, which Spaniards pronounce like the + English _th_. An Andalusian may always be recognised by the + way in which he says _senor_. + +“You’ll find this a fairly good one,” said I, holding out a real Havana +regalia. + +He bowed his head slightly, lighted his cigar at mine, thanked me +with another nod, and began to smoke with a most lively appearance of +enjoyment. + +“Ah!” he exclaimed, as he blew his first puff of smoke slowly out of his +ears and nostrils. “What a time it is since I’ve had a smoke!” + +In Spain the giving and accepting of a cigar establishes bonds of +hospitality similar to those founded in Eastern countries on the +partaking of bread and salt. My friend turned out more talkative than +I had hoped. However, though he claimed to belong to the _partido_ of +Montilla, he seemed very ill-informed about the country. He did not know +the name of the delightful valley in which we were sitting, he could +not tell me the names of any of the neighbouring villages, and when I +inquired whether he had not noticed any broken-down walls, broad-rimmed +tiles, or carved stones in the vicinity, he confessed he had never paid +any heed to such matters. On the other hand, he showed himself an expert +in horseflesh, found fault with my mount--not a difficult affair--and +gave me a pedigree of his own, which had come from the famous stud at +Cordova. It was a splendid creature, indeed, so tough, according to +its owner’s claim, that it had once covered thirty leagues in one day, +either at the gallop or at full trot the whole time. In the midst of his +story the stranger pulled up short, as if startled and sorry he had said +so much. “The fact is I was in a great hurry to get to Cordova,” he +went on, somewhat embarrassed. “I had to petition the judges about a +lawsuit.” As he spoke, he looked at my guide Antonio, who had dropped +his eyes. + +The spring and the cool shade were so delightful that I bethought me +of certain slices of an excellent ham, which my friends at Montilla had +packed into my guide’s wallet. I bade him produce them, and invited the +stranger to share our impromptu lunch. If he had not smoked for a long +time, he certainly struck me as having fasted for eight-and-forty hours +at the very least. He ate like a starving wolf, and I thought to myself +that my appearance must really have been quite providential for the poor +fellow. Meanwhile my guide ate but little, drank still less, and spoke +never a word, although in the earlier part of our journey he had proved +himself a most unrivalled chatterer. He seemed ill at ease in the +presence of our guest, and a sort of mutual distrust, the cause of which +I could not exactly fathom, seemed to be between them. + +The last crumbs of bread and scraps of ham had disappeared. We had each +smoked our second cigar; I told the guide to bridle the horses, and was +just about to take leave of my new friend, when he inquired where I was +going to spend the night. + +Before I had time to notice a sign my guide was making to me I had +replied that I was going to the Venta del Cuervo. + +“That’s a bad lodging for a gentleman like you, sir! I’m bound there +myself, and if you’ll allow me to ride with you, we’ll go together.” + +“With pleasure!” I replied, mounting my horse. The guide, who was +holding my stirrup, looked at me meaningly again. I answered by +shrugging my shoulders, as though to assure him I was perfectly easy in +my mind, and we started on our way. + +Antonio’s mysterious signals, his evident anxiety, a few words dropped +by the stranger, above all, his ride of thirty leagues, and the far from +plausible explanation he had given us of it, had already enabled me +to form an opinion as to the identity of my fellow-traveller. I had +no doubt at all I was in the company of a smuggler, and possibly of a +brigand. What cared I? I knew enough of the Spanish character to be very +certain I had nothing to fear from a man who had eaten and smoked +with me. His very presence would protect me in case of any undesirable +meeting. And besides, I was very glad to know what a brigand was really +like. One doesn’t come across such gentry every day. And there is a +certain charm about finding one’s self in close proximity to a dangerous +being, especially when one feels the being in question to be gentle and +tame. + +I was hoping the stranger might gradually fall into a confidential +mood, and in spite of my guide’s winks, I turned the conversation to +the subject of highwaymen. I need scarcely say that I spoke of them with +great respect. At that time there was a famous brigand in Andalusia, of +the name of Jose-Maria, whose exploits were on every lip. “Supposing I +should be riding along with Jose-Maria!” said I to myself. I told all +the stories I knew about the hero--they were all to his credit, indeed, +and loudly expressed my admiration of his generosity and his valour. + +“Jose-Maria is nothing but a blackguard,” said the stranger gravely. + +“Is he just to himself, or is this an excess of modesty?” I queried, +mentally, for by dint of scrutinizing my companion, I had ended by +reconciling his appearance with the description of Jose-Maria which I +read posted up on the gates of various Andalusian towns. “Yes, this must +be he--fair hair, blue eyes, large mouth, good teeth, small hands, fine +shirt, a velvet jacket with silver buttons on it, white leather gaiters, +and a bay horse. Not a doubt about it. But his _incognito_ shall be +respected!” We reached the _venta_. It was just what he had described +to me. In other words, the most wretched hole of its kind I had as yet +beheld. One large apartment served as kitchen, dining-room, and sleeping +chamber. A fire was burning on a flat stone in the middle of the room, +and the smoke escaped through a hole in the roof, or rather hung in a +cloud some feet above the soil. Along the walls five or six mule rugs +were spread on the floor. These were the travellers’ beds. Twenty paces +from the house, or rather from the solitary apartment which I have just +described, stood a sort of shed, that served for a stable. + +The only inhabitants of this delightful dwelling visible at the moment, +at all events, were an old woman, and a little girl of ten or twelve +years old, both of them as black as soot, and dressed in loathsome rags. +“Here’s the sole remnant of the ancient populations of Munda Boetica,” + said I to myself. “O Caesar! O Sextus Pompeius, if you were to revisit +this earth how astounded you would be!” + +When the old woman saw my travelling companion an exclamation of +surprise escaped her. “Ah! Senor Don Jose!” she cried. + +Don Jose frowned and lifted his hand with a gesture of authority that +forthwith silenced the old dame. + +I turned to my guide and gave him to understand, by a sign that no one +else perceived, that I knew all about the man in whose company I was +about to spend the night. Our supper was better than I expected. On +a little table, only a foot high, we were served with an old rooster, +fricasseed with rice and numerous peppers, then more peppers in oil, +and finally a _gaspacho_--a sort of salad made of peppers. These three +highly spiced dishes involved our frequent recourse to a goatskin filled +with Montella wine, which struck us as being delicious. + +After our meal was over, I caught sight of a mandolin hanging up against +the wall--in Spain you see mandolins in every corner--and I asked the +little girl, who had been waiting on us, if she knew how to play it. + +“No,” she replied. “But Don Jose does play well!” + +“Do me the kindness to sing me something,” I said to him, “I’m +passionately fond of your national music.” + +“I can’t refuse to do anything for such a charming gentleman, who gives +me such excellent cigars,” responded Don Jose gaily, and having made +the child give him the mandolin, he sang to his own accompaniment. His +voice, though rough, was pleasing, the air he sang was strange and sad. +As to the words, I could not understand a single one of them. + +“If I am not mistaken,” said I, “that’s not a Spanish air you have just +been singing. It’s like the _zorzicos_ I’ve heard in the Provinces,* and +the words must be in the Basque language.” + +* The _privileged Provinces_, Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa, and a part of +Navarre, which all enjoy special _fueros_. The Basque language is spoken +in these countries. + +“Yes,” said Don Jose, with a gloomy look. He laid the mandolin down on +the ground, and began staring with a peculiarly sad expression at the +dying fire. His face, at once fierce and noble-looking, reminded me, +as the firelight fell on it, of Milton’s Satan. Like him, perchance, +my comrade was musing over the home he had forfeited, the exile he had +earned, by some misdeed. I tried to revive the conversation, but so +absorbed was he in melancholy thought, that he gave me no answer. + +The old woman had already gone to rest in a corner of the room, behind +a ragged rug hung on a rope. The little girl had followed her into this +retreat, sacred to the fair sex. Then my guide rose, and suggested that +I should go with him to the stable. But at the word Don Jose, waking, as +it were, with a start, inquired sharply whither he was going. + +“To the stable,” answered the guide. + +“What for? The horses have been fed! You can sleep here. The senor will +give you leave.” + +“I’m afraid the senor’s horse is sick. I’d like the senor to see it. +Perhaps he’d know what should be done for it.” + +It was quite clear to me that Antonio wanted to speak to me apart. + +But I did not care to rouse Don Jose’s suspicions, and being as we +were, I thought far the wisest course for me was to appear absolutely +confident. + +I therefore told Antonio that I knew nothing on earth about horses, and +that I was desperately sleepy. Don Jose followed him to the stable, and +soon returned alone. He told me there was nothing the matter with the +horse, but that my guide considered the animal such a treasure that he +was scrubbing it with his jacket to make it sweat, and expected to spend +the night in that pleasing occupation. Meanwhile I had stretched myself +out on the mule rugs, having carefully wrapped myself up in my own +cloak, so as to avoid touching them. Don Jose, having begged me to +excuse the liberty he took in placing himself so near me, lay down +across the door, but not until he had primed his blunderbuss afresh and +carefully laid it under the wallet, which served him as a pillow. + +I had thought I was so tired that I should be able to sleep even in such +a lodging. But within an hour a most unpleasant itching sensation roused +me from my first nap. As soon as I realized its nature, I rose to my +feet, feeling convinced I should do far better to spend the rest of +the night in the open air than beneath that inhospitable roof. Walking +tiptoe I reached the door, stepped over Don Jose, who was sleeping the +sleep of the just, and managed so well that I got outside the building +without waking him. Just beside the door there was a wide wooden +bench. I lay down upon it, and settled myself, as best I could, for the +remainder of the night. I was just closing my eyes for a second time +when I fancied I saw the shadow of a man and then the shadow of a horse +moving absolutely noiselessly, one behind the other. I sat upright, and +then I thought I recognised Antonio. Surprised to see him outside the +stable at such an hour, I got up and went toward him. He had seen me +first, and had stopped to wait for me. + +“Where is he?” Antonio inquired in a low tone. + +“In the _venta_. He’s asleep. The bugs don’t trouble him. But what are +you going to do with that horse?” I then noticed that, to stifle all +noise as he moved out of the shed, Antonio had carefully muffled the +horse’s feet in the rags of an old blanket. + +“Speak lower, for God’s sake,” said Antonio. “You don’t know who that +man is. He’s Jose Navarro, the most noted bandit in Andalusia. I’ve been +making signs to you all day long, and you wouldn’t understand.” + +“What do I care whether he’s a brigand or not,” I replied. “He hasn’t +robbed us, and I’ll wager he doesn’t want to.” + +“That may be. But there are two hundred ducats on his head. Some lancers +are stationed in a place I know, a league and a half from here, and +before daybreak I’ll bring a few brawny fellows back with me. I’d have +taken his horse away, but the brute’s so savage that nobody but Navarro +can go near it.” + +“Devil take you!” I cried. “What harm has the poor fellow done you that +you should want to inform against him? And besides, are you certain he +is the brigand you take him for?” + +“Perfectly certain! He came after me into the stable just now, and said, +â€You seem to know me. If you tell that good gentleman who I am, I’ll +blow your brains out!’ You stay here, sir, keep close to him. You’ve +nothing to fear. As long as he knows you are there, he won’t suspect +anything.” + +As we talked, we had moved so far from the _venta_ that the noise of the +horse’s hoofs could not be heard there. In a twinkling Antonio snatched +off the rags he had wrapped around the creature’s feet, and was just +about to climb on its back. In vain did I attempt with prayers and +threats to restrain him. + +“I’m only a poor man, senor,” quoth he, “I can’t afford to lose two +hundred ducats--especially when I shall earn them by ridding the country +of such vermin. But mind what you’re about! If Navarro wakes up, he’ll +snatch at his blunderbuss, and then look out for yourself! I’ve gone too +far now to turn back. Do the best you can for yourself!” + +The villain was in his saddle already, he spurred his horse smartly, and +I soon lost sight of them both in the darkness. + +I was very angry with my guide, and terribly alarmed as well. After a +moment’s reflection, I made up my mind, and went back to the _venta_. +Don Jose was still sound asleep, making up, no doubt, for the fatigue +and sleeplessness of several days of adventure. I had to shake him +roughly before I could wake him up. Never shall I forget his fierce +look, and the spring he made to get hold of his blunderbuss, which, as a +precautionary measure, I had removed to some distance from his couch. + +“Senor,” I said, “I beg your pardon for disturbing you. But I have a +silly question to ask you. Would you be glad to see half a dozen lancers +walk in here?” + +He bounded to his feet, and in an awful voice he demanded: + +“Who told you?” + +“It’s little matter whence the warning comes, so long as it be good.” + +“Your guide has betrayed me--but he shall pay for it! Where is he?” + +“I don’t know. In the stable, I fancy. But somebody told me--” + +“Who told you? It can’t be the old hag--” + +“Some one I don’t know. Without more parleying, tell me, yes or no, have +you any reason for not waiting till the soldiers come? If you have +any, lose no time! If not, good-night to you, and forgive me for having +disturbed your slumbers!” + +“Ah, your guide! Your guide! I had my doubts of him at first--but--I’ll +settle with him! Farewell, senor. May God reward you for the service +I owe you! I am not quite so wicked as you think me. Yes, I still have +something in me that an honest man may pity. Farewell, senor! I have +only one regret--that I can not pay my debt to you!” + +“As a reward for the service I have done you, Don Jose, promise me +you’ll suspect nobody--nor seek for vengeance. Here are some cigars for +your journey. Good luck to you.” And I held out my hand to him. + +He squeezed it, without a word, took up his wallet and blunderbuss, and +after saying a few words to the old woman in a lingo that I could not +understand, he ran out to the shed. A few minutes later, I heard him +galloping out into the country. + +As for me, I lay down again on my bench, but I did not go to sleep +again. I queried in my own mind whether I had done right to save a +robber, and possibly a murderer, from the gallows, simply and solely +because I had eaten ham and rice in his company. Had I not betrayed my +guide, who was supporting the cause of law and order? Had I not +exposed him to a ruffian’s vengeance? But then, what about the laws of +hospitality? + +“A mere savage prejudice,” said I to myself. “I shall have to answer for +all the crimes this brigand may commit in future.” Yet is that instinct +of the conscience which resists every argument really a prejudice? It +may be I could not have escaped from the delicate position in which I +found myself without remorse of some kind. I was still tossed to and +fro, in the greatest uncertainty as to the morality of my behaviour, +when I saw half a dozen horsemen ride up, with Antonio prudently lagging +behind them. I went to meet them, and told them the brigand had fled +over two hours previously. The old woman, when she was questioned by the +sergeant, admitted that she knew Navarro, but said that living alone, +as she did, she would never have dared to risk her life by informing +against him. She added that when he came to her house, he habitually +went away in the middle of the night. I, for my part, was made to ride +to a place some leagues away, where I showed my passport, and signed a +declaration before the _Alcalde_. This done, I was allowed to recommence +my archaeological investigations. Antonio was sulky with me; suspecting +it was I who had prevented his earning those two hundred ducats. +Nevertheless, we parted good friends at Cordova, where I gave him as +large a gratuity as the state of my finances would permit. + + + +CHAPTER II + +I spent several days at Cordova. I had been told of a certain manuscript +in the library of the Dominican convent which was likely to furnish me +with very interesting details about the ancient Munda. The good fathers +gave me the most kindly welcome. I spent the daylight hours within their +convent, and at night I walked about the town. At Cordova a great many +idlers collect, toward sunset, in the quay that runs along the right +bank of the Guadalquivir. Promenaders on the spot have to breathe the +odour of a tan yard which still keeps up the ancient fame of the country +in connection with the curing of leather. But to atone for this, they +enjoy a sight which has a charm of its own. A few minutes before the +Angelus bell rings, a great company of women gathers beside the river, +just below the quay, which is rather a high one. Not a man would dare +to join its ranks. The moment the Angelus rings, darkness is supposed to +have fallen. As the last stroke sounds, all the women disrobe and step +into the water. Then there is laughing and screaming and a wonderful +clatter. The men on the upper quay watch the bathers, straining +their eyes, and seeing very little. Yet the white uncertain outlines +perceptible against the dark-blue waters of the stream stir the poetic +mind, and the possessor of a little fancy finds it not difficult to +imagine that Diana and her nymphs are bathing below, while he himself +runs no risk of ending like Acteon. + +I have been told that one day a party of good-for-nothing fellows banded +themselves together, and bribed the bell-ringer at the cathedral to ring +the Angelus some twenty minutes before the proper hour. Though it was +still broad daylight, the nymphs of the Guadalquivir never hesitated, +and putting far more trust in the Angelus bell than in the sun, they +proceeded to their bathing toilette--always of the simplest--with an +easy conscience. I was not present on that occasion. In my day, the +bell-ringer was incorruptible, the twilight was very dim, and nobody but +a cat could have distinguished the difference between the oldest orange +woman, and the prettiest shop-girl, in Cordova. + +One evening, after it had grown quite dusk, I was leaning over the +parapet of the quay, smoking, when a woman came up the steps leading +from the river, and sat down near me. In her hair she wore a great +bunch of jasmine--a flower which, at night, exhales a most intoxicating +perfume. She was dressed simply, almost poorly, in black, as most +work-girls are dressed in the evening. Women of the richer class only +wear black in the daytime, at night they dress _a la francesa_. When she +drew near me, the woman let the mantilla which had covered her head +drop on her shoulders, and “by the dim light falling from the stars” I +perceived her to be young, short in stature, well-proportioned, and with +very large eyes. I threw my cigar away at once. She appreciated this +mark of courtesy, essentially French, and hastened to inform me that she +was very fond of the smell of tobacco, and that she even smoked herself, +when she could get very mild _papelitos_. I fortunately happened to have +some such in my case, and at once offered them to her. She condescended +to take one, and lighted it at a burning string which a child brought +us, receiving a copper for its pains. We mingled our smoke, and talked +so long, the fair lady and I, that we ended by being almost alone on +the quay. I thought I might venture, without impropriety, to suggest our +going to eat an ice at the _neveria_.* After a moment of modest demur, +she agreed. But before finally accepting, she desired to know what +o’clock it was. I struck my repeater, and this seemed to astound her +greatly. + + * A _cafĂ©_ to which a depot of ice, or rather of snow, is + attached. There is hardly a village in Spain without its + _neveria_. + +“What clever inventions you foreigners do have! What country do you +belong to, sir? You’re an Englishman, no doubt!”* + + * Every traveller in Spain who does not carry about samples + of calicoes and silks is taken for an Englishman + (_inglesito_). It is the same thing in the East. + +“I’m a Frenchman, and your devoted servant. And you, senora, or +senorita, you probably belong to Cordova?” + +“No.” + +“At all events, you are an Andalusian? Your soft way of speaking makes +me think so.” + +“If you notice people’s accent so closely, you must be able to guess +what I am.” + +“I think you are from the country of Jesus, two paces out of Paradise.” + +I had learned the metaphor, which stands for Andalusia, from my friend +Francisco Sevilla, a well-known _picador_. + +“Pshaw! The people here say there is no place in Paradise for us!” + +“Then perhaps you are of Moorish blood--or----” I stopped, not venturing +to add “a Jewess.” + +“Oh come! You must see I’m a gipsy! Wouldn’t you like me to tell you _la +baji_?* Did you never hear tell of Carmencita? That’s who I am!” + +* Your fortune. + +I was such a miscreant in those days--now fifteen years ago--that the +close proximity of a sorceress did not make me recoil in horror. “So be +it!” I thought. “Last week I ate my supper with a highway robber. To-day +I’ll go and eat ices with a servant of the devil. A traveller should see +everything.” I had yet another motive for prosecuting her acquaintance. +When I left college--I acknowledge it with shame--I had wasted a certain +amount of time in studying occult science, and had even attempted, more +than once, to exorcise the powers of darkness. Though I had been cured, +long since, of my passion for such investigations, I still felt a +certain attraction and curiosity with regard to all superstitions, and I +was delighted to have this opportunity of discovering how far the magic +art had developed among the gipsies. + +Talking as we went, we had reached the _neveria_, and seated ourselves +at a little table, lighted by a taper protected by a glass globe. I then +had time to take a leisurely view of my _gitana_, while several +worthy individuals, who were eating their ices, stared open-mouthed at +beholding me in such gay company. + +I very much doubt whether Senorita Carmen was a pure-blooded gipsy. At +all events, she was infinitely prettier than any other woman of her race +I have ever seen. For a women to be beautiful, they say in Spain, she +must fulfil thirty _ifs_, or, if it please you better, you must be able +to define her appearance by ten adjectives, applicable to three portions +of her person. + +For instance, three things about her must be black, her eyes, her +eyelashes, and her eyebrows. Three must be dainty, her fingers, her +lips, her hair, and so forth. For the rest of this inventory, see +Brantome. My gipsy girl could lay no claim to so many perfections. Her +skin, though perfectly smooth, was almost of a copper hue. Her eyes +were set obliquely in her head, but they were magnificent and large. Her +lips, a little full, but beautifully shaped, revealed a set of teeth as +white as newly skinned almonds. Her hair--a trifle coarse, perhaps--was +black, with blue lights on it like a raven’s wing, long and glossy. Not +to weary my readers with too prolix a description, I will merely add, +that to every blemish she united some advantage, which was perhaps all +the more evident by contrast. There was something strange and wild about +her beauty. Her face astonished you, at first sight, but nobody could +forget it. Her eyes, especially, had an expression of mingled sensuality +and fierceness which I had never seen in any other human glance. +“Gipsy’s eye, wolf’s eye!” is a Spanish saying which denotes close +observation. If my readers have no time to go to the “Jardin des +Plantes” to study the wolf’s expression, they will do well to watch the +ordinary cat when it is lying in wait for a sparrow. + +It will be understood that I should have looked ridiculous if I had +proposed to have my fortune told in a _cafĂ©_. I therefore begged the +pretty witch’s leave to go home with her. She made no difficulties +about consenting, but she wanted to know what o’clock it was again, and +requested me to make my repeater strike once more. + +“Is it really gold?” she said, gazing at it with rapt attention. + +When we started off again, it was quite dark. Most of the shops were +shut, and the streets were almost empty. We crossed the bridge over the +Guadalquivir, and at the far end of the suburb we stopped in front of +a house of anything but palatial appearance. The door was opened by a +child, to whom the gipsy spoke a few words in a language unknown to me, +which I afterward understood to be _Romany_, or _chipe calli_--the gipsy +idiom. The child instantly disappeared, leaving us in sole possession of +a tolerably spacious room, furnished with a small table, two stools, and +a chest. I must not forget to mention a jar of water, a pile of oranges, +and a bunch of onions. + +As soon as we were left alone, the gipsy produced, out of her chest, +a pack of cards, bearing signs of constant usage, a magnet, a dried +chameleon, and a few other indispensable adjuncts of her art. Then she +bade me cross my left hand with a silver coin, and the magic ceremonies +duly began. It is unnecessary to chronicle her predictions, and as for +the style of her performance, it proved her to be no mean sorceress. + +Unluckily we were soon disturbed. The door was suddenly burst open, +and a man, shrouded to the eyes in a brown cloak, entered the room, +apostrophizing the gipsy in anything but gentle terms. What he said I +could not catch, but the tone of his voice revealed the fact that he was +in a very evil temper. The gipsy betrayed neither surprise nor anger +at his advent, but she ran to meet him, and with a most striking +volubility, she poured out several sentences in the mysterious language +she had already used in my presence. The word _payllo_, frequently +reiterated, was the only one I understood. I knew that the gipsies use +it to describe all men not of their own race. Concluding myself to be +the subject of this discourse, I was prepared for a somewhat delicate +explanation. I had already laid my hand on the leg of one of the stools, +and was studying within myself to discover the exact moment at which I +had better throw it at his head, when, roughly pushing the gipsy to one +side, the man advanced toward me. Then with a step backward he cried: + +“What, sir! Is it you?” + +I looked at him in my turn and recognised my friend Don Jose. At that +moment I did feel rather sorry I had saved him from the gallows. + +“What, is it you, my good fellow?” I exclaimed, with as easy a smile as +I could muster. “You have interrupted this young lady just when she was +foretelling me most interesting things!” + +“The same as ever. There shall be an end to it!” he hissed between his +teeth, with a savage glance at her. + +Meanwhile the _gitana_ was still talking to him in her own tongue. She +became more and more excited. Her eyes grew fierce and bloodshot, +her features contracted, she stamped her foot. She seemed to me to be +earnestly pressing him to do something he was unwilling to do. What this +was I fancied I understood only too well, by the fashion in which she +kept drawing her little hand backward and forward under her chin. I was +inclined to think she wanted to have somebody’s throat cut, and I had a +fair suspicion the throat in question was my own. To all her torrent of +eloquence Don Jose’s only reply was two or three shortly spoken words. +At this the gipsy cast a glance of the most utter scorn at him, then, +seating herself Turkish-fashion in a corner of the room, she picked out +an orange, tore off the skin, and began to eat it. + +Don Jose took hold of my arm, opened the door, and led me into the +street. We walked some two hundred paces in the deepest silence. Then he +stretched out his hand. + +“Go straight on,” he said, “and you’ll come to the bridge.” + +That instant he turned his back on me and departed at a great pace. I +took my way back to my inn, rather crestfallen, and considerably out +of temper. The worst of all was that, when I undressed, I discovered my +watch was missing. + +Various considerations prevented me from going to claim it next day, or +requesting the _Corregidor_ to be good enough to have a search made +for it. I finished my work on the Dominican manuscript, and went on +to Seville. After several months spent wandering hither and thither in +Andalusia, I wanted to get back to Madrid, and with that object I had to +pass through Cordova. I had no intention of making any stay there, for +I had taken a dislike to that fair city, and to the ladies who bathed +in the Guadalquivir. Nevertheless, I had some visits to pay, and certain +errands to do, which must detain me several days in the old capital of +the Mussulman princes. + +The moment I made my appearance in the Dominican convent, one of the +monks, who had always shown the most lively interest in my inquiries +as to the site of the battlefield of Munda, welcomed me with open arms, +exclaiming: + +“Praised be God! You are welcome! My dear friend. We all thought you +were dead, and I myself have said many a _pater_ and _ave_ (not that I +regret them!) for your soul. Then you weren’t murdered, after all? That +you were robbed, we know!” + +“What do you mean?” I asked, rather astonished. + +“Oh, you know! That splendid repeater you used to strike in the library +whenever we said it was time for us to go into church. Well, it has been +found, and you’ll get it back.” + +“Why,” I broke in, rather put out of countenance, “I lost it--” + +“The rascal’s under lock and key, and as he was known to be a man who +would shoot any Christian for the sake of a _peseta_, we were +most dreadfully afraid he had killed you. I’ll go with you to the +_Corregidor_, and he’ll give you back your fine watch. And after that, +you won’t dare to say the law doesn’t do its work properly in Spain.” + +“I assure you,” said I, “I’d far rather lose my watch than have to +give evidence in court to hang a poor unlucky devil, and especially +because--because----” + +“Oh, you needn’t be alarmed! He’s thoroughly done for; they might hang +him twice over. But when I say hang, I say wrong. Your thief is an +_Hidalgo_. So he’s to be garrotted the day after to-morrow, without +fail.* So you see one theft more or less won’t affect his position. +Would to God he had done nothing but steal! But he has committed several +murders, one more hideous than the other.” + + * In 1830, the noble class still enjoyed this privilege. + Nowadays, under the constitutional _regime_, commoners have + attained the same dignity. + +“What’s his name?” + +“In this country he is only known as Jose Navarro, but he has another +Basque name, which neither your nor I will ever be able to pronounce. +By the way, the man is worth seeing, and you, who like to study the +peculiar features of each country, shouldn’t lose this chance of noting +how a rascal bids farewell to this world in Spain. He is in jail, and +Father Martinez will take you to him.” + +So bent was my Dominican friend on my seeing the preparations for this +“neat little hanging job” that I was fain to agree. I went to see the +prisoner, having provided myself with a bundle of cigars, which I hoped +might induce him to forgive my intrusion. + +I was ushered into Don Jose’s presence just as he was sitting at table. +He greeted me with a rather distant nod, and thanked me civilly for the +present I had brought him. Having counted the cigars in the bundle I +had placed in his hand, he took out a certain number and returned me the +rest, remarking that he would not need any more of them. + +I inquired whether by laying out a little money, or by applying to +my friends, I might not be able to do something to soften his lot. He +shrugged his shoulders, to begin with, smiling sadly. Soon, as by an +after-thought, he asked me to have a mass said for the repose of his +soul. + +Then he added nervously: “Would you--would you have another said for a +person who did you a wrong?” + +“Assuredly I will, my dear fellow,” I answered. “But no one in this +country has wronged me so far as I know.” + +He took my hand and squeezed it, looking very grave. After a moment’s +silence, he spoke again. + +“Might I dare to ask another service of you? When you go back to your +own country perhaps you will pass through Navarre. At all events you’ll +go by Vittoria, which isn’t very far off.” + +“Yes,” said I, “I shall certainly pass through Vittoria. But I may very +possibly go round by Pampeluna, and for your sake, I believe I should be +very glad to do it.” + +“Well, if you do go to Pampeluna, you’ll see more than one thing that +will interest you. It’s a fine town. I’ll give you this medal,” he +showed me a little silver medal that he wore hung around his neck. +“You’ll wrap it up in paper”--he paused a moment to master his +emotion--“and you’ll take it, or send it, to an old lady whose address +I’ll give you. Tell her I am dead--but don’t tell her how I died.” + +I promised to perform his commission. I saw him the next day, and spent +part of it in his company. From his lips I learned the sad incidents +that follow. + + + +CHAPTER III + +“I was born,” he said, “at Elizondo, in the valley of Baztan. My name is +Don Jose Lizzarrabengoa, and you know enough of Spain, sir, to know at +once, by my name, that I come of an old Christian and Basque stock. I +call myself Don, because I have a right to it, and if I were at Elizondo +I could show you my parchment genealogy. My family wanted me to go into +the church, and made me study for it, but I did not like work. I was too +fond of playing tennis, and that was my ruin. When we Navarrese begin +to play tennis, we forget everything else. One day, when I had won the +game, a young fellow from Alava picked a quarrel with me. We took to our +_maquilas_,* and I won again. But I had to leave the neighbourhood. +I fell in with some dragoons, and enlisted in the Almanza Cavalry +Regiment. Mountain folks like us soon learn to be soldiers. Before long +I was a corporal, and I had been told I should soon be made a sergeant, +when, to my misfortune, I was put on guard at the Seville Tobacco +Factory. If you have been to Seville you have seen the great building, +just outside the ramparts, close to the Guadalquivir; I can fancy I see +the entrance, and the guard room just beside it, even now. When Spanish +soldiers are on duty, they either play cards or go to sleep. I, like an +honest Navarrese, always tried to keep myself busy. I was making a chain +to hold my priming-pin, out of a bit of wire: all at once, my comrades +said, â€there’s the bell ringing, the girls are coming back to work.’ You +must know, sir, that there are quite four or five hundred women employed +in the factory. They roll the cigars in a great room into which no man +can go without a permit from the _Veintiquatro_,** because when the +weather is hot they make themselves at home, especially the young ones. +When the work-girls come back after their dinner, numbers of young men +go down to see them pass by, and talk all sorts of nonsense to them. +Very few of those young ladies will refuse a silk mantilla, and men who +care for that sort of sport have nothing to do but bend down and pick +their fish up. While the others watched the girls go by, I stayed on my +bench near the door. I was a young fellow then--my heart was still in +my own country, and I didn’t believe in any pretty girls who hadn’t +blue skirts and long plaits of hair falling on their shoulders.*** And +besides, I was rather afraid of the Andalusian women. I had not got used +to their ways yet; they were always jeering one--never spoke a single +word of sense. So I was sitting with my nose down upon my chain, when I +heard some bystanders say, â€Here comes the _gitanella_!’ Then I lifted +up my eyes, and I saw her! It was that very Carmen you know, and in +whose rooms I met you a few months ago. + + * Iron-shod sticks used by the Basques. + + ** Magistrate in charge of the municipal police + arrangements, and local government regulations. + + *** The costume usually worn by peasant women in Navarre and + the Basque Provinces. + +“She was wearing a very short skirt, below which her white silk +stockings--with more than one hole in them--and her dainty red morocco +shoes, fastened with flame-coloured ribbons, were clearly seen. She had +thrown her mantilla back, to show her shoulders, and a great bunch of +acacia that was thrust into her chemise. She had another acacia blossom +in the corner of her mouth, and she walked along, swaying her hips, like +a filly from the Cordova stud farm. In my country anybody who had seen +a woman dressed in that fashion would have crossed himself. At Seville +every man paid her some bold compliment on her appearance. She had +an answer for each and all, with her hand on her hip, as bold as the +thorough gipsy she was. At first I didn’t like her looks, and I fell to +my work again. But she, like all women and cats, who won’t come if you +call them, and do come if you don’t call them, stopped short in front of +me, and spoke to me. + +“â€_Compadre_,’ said she, in the Andalusian fashion, â€won’t you give me +your chain for the keys of my strong box?’ + +“â€It’s for my priming-pin,’ said I. + +“â€Your priming-pin!’ she cried, with a laugh. â€Oho! I suppose the +gentleman makes lace, as he wants pins!’ + +“Everybody began to laugh, and I felt myself getting red in the face, +and couldn’t hit on anything in answer. + +“â€Come, my love!’ she began again, â€make me seven ells of lace for my +mantilla, my pet pin-maker!’ + +“And taking the acacia blossom out of her mouth she flipped it at me +with her thumb so that it hit me just between the eyes. I tell you, sir, +I felt as if a bullet had struck me. I didn’t know which way to look. +I sat stock-still, like a wooden board. When she had gone into the +factory, I saw the acacia blossom, which had fallen on the ground +between my feet. I don’t know what made me do it, but I picked it up, +unseen by any of my comrades, and put it carefully inside my jacket. +That was my first folly. + +“Two or three hours later I was still thinking about her, when a +panting, terrified-looking porter rushed into the guard-room. He told +us a woman had been stabbed in the great cigar-room, and that the guard +must be sent in at once. The sergeant told me to take two men, and go +and see to it. I took my two men and went upstairs. Imagine, sir, that +when I got into the room, I found, to begin with, some three hundred +women, stripped to their shifts, or very near it, all of them screaming +and yelling and gesticulating, and making such a row that you couldn’t +have heard God’s own thunder. On one side of the room one of the women +was lying on the broad of her back, streaming with blood, with an X +newly cut on her face by two strokes of a knife. Opposite the wounded +woman, whom the best-natured of the band were attending, I saw Carmen, +held by five or six of her comrades. The wounded woman was crying out, +â€A confessor, a confessor! I’m killed!’ Carmen said nothing at all. She +clinched her teeth and rolled her eyes like a chameleon. â€What’s this?’ +I asked. I had hard work to find out what had happened, for all the +work-girls talked at once. It appeared that the injured girl had boasted +she had money enough in her pocket to buy a donkey at the Triana Market. +â€Why,’ said Carmen, who had a tongue of her own, â€can’t you do with a +broom?’ Stung by this taunt, it may be because she felt herself rather +unsound in that particular, the other girl replied that she knew nothing +about brooms, seeing she had not the honour of being either a gipsy +or one of the devil’s godchildren, but that the Senorita Carmen would +shortly make acquaintance with her donkey, when the _Corregidor_ took +her out riding with two lackeys behind her to keep the flies off. +â€Well,’ retorted Carmen, â€I’ll make troughs for the flies to drink +out of on your cheeks, and I’ll paint a draught-board on them!’ * And +thereupon, slap, bank! She began making St. Andrew’s crosses on the +girl’s face with a knife she had been using for cutting off the ends of +the cigars. + + * _Pintar un javeque_, “paint a xebec,” a particular type of + ship. Most Spanish vessels of this description have a + checkered red and white stripe painted around them. + +“The case was quite clear. I took hold of Carmen’s arm. â€Sister mine,’ I +said civilly, â€you must come with me.’ She shot a glance of recognition +at me, but she said, with a resigned look: â€Let’s be off. Where is my +mantilla?’ She put it over her head so that only one of her great eyes +was to be seen, and followed my two men, as quiet as a lamb. When we +got to the guardroom the sergeant said it was a serious job, and he must +send her to prison. I was told off again to take her there. I put her +between two dragoons, as a corporal does on such occasions. We started +off for the town. The gipsy had begun by holding her tongue. But when we +got to the _Calle de la Serpiente_--you know it, and that it earns its +name by its many windings--she began by dropping her mantilla on to her +shoulders, so as to show me her coaxing little face, and turning round +to me as well as she could, she said: + +“â€_Oficial mio_, where are you taking me to?’ + +“â€To prison, my poor child,’ I replied, as gently as I could, just as +any kind-hearted soldier is bound to speak to a prisoner, and especially +to a woman. + +“â€Alack! What will become of me! Senor Oficial, have pity on me! You are +so young, so good-looking.’ Then, in a lower tone, she said, â€Let me get +away, and I’ll give you a bit of the _bar lachi_, that will make every +woman fall in love with you!’ + +“The _bar lachi_, sir, is the loadstone, with which the gipsies declare +one who knows how to use it can cast any number of spells. If you can +make a woman drink a little scrap of it, powdered, in a glass of white +wine, she’ll never be able to resist you. I answered, as gravely as I +could: + +“â€We are not here to talk nonsense. You’ll have to go to prison. Those +are my orders, and there’s no help for it!’ + +“We men from the Basque country have an accent which all Spaniards +easily recognise; on the other hand, not one of them can ever learn to +say _Bai, jaona_!* + + * Yes, sir. + +“So Carmen easily guessed I was from the Provinces. You know, sir, that +the gipsies, who belong to no particular country, and are always moving +about, speak every language, and most of them are quite at home in +Portugal, in France, in our Provinces, in Catalonia, or anywhere else. +They can even make themselves understood by Moors and English people. +Carmen knew Basque tolerably well. + +“â€_Laguna ene bihotsarena_, comrade of my heart,’ said she suddenly. â€Do +you belong to our country?’ + +“Our language is so beautiful, sir, that when we hear it in a foreign +country it makes us quiver. I wish,” added the bandit in a lower tone, +“I could have a confessor from my own country.” + +After a silence, he began again. + +“â€I belong to Elizondo,’ I answered in Basque, very much affected by the +sound of my own language. + +“â€I come from Etchalar,’ said she (that’s a district about four hours’ +journey from my home). â€I was carried off to Seville by the gipsies. +I was working in the factory to earn enough money to take me back to +Navarre, to my poor old mother, who has no support in the world but me, +besides her little _barratcea_* with twenty cider-apple trees in it. +Ah! if I were only back in my own country, looking up at the white +mountains! I have been insulted here, because I don’t belong to this +land of rogues and sellers of rotten oranges; and those hussies are +all banded together against me, because I told them that not all their +Seville _jacques_,** and all their knives, would frighten an honest lad +from our country, with his blue cap and his _maquila_! Good comrade, +won’t you do anything to help your own countrywoman?’ + + * Field, garden. + + ** Bravos, boasters. + +“She was lying then, sir, as she has always lied. I don’t know that that +girl ever spoke a word of truth in her life, but when she did speak, I +believed her--I couldn’t help myself. She mangled her Basque words, and +I believed she came from Navarre. But her eyes and her mouth and her +skin were enough to prove she was a gipsy. I was mad, I paid no more +attention to anything, I thought to myself that if the Spaniards had +dared to speak evil of my country, I would have slashed their faces just +as she had slashed her comrade’s. In short, I was like a drunken man, I +was beginning to say foolish things, and I was very near doing them. + +“â€If I were to give you a push and you tumbled down, good +fellow-countryman,’ she began again in Basque, â€those two Castilian +recruits wouldn’t be able to keep me back.’ + +“Faith, I forgot my orders, I forgot everything, and I said to her, +â€Well, then, my friend, girl of my country, try it, and may our Lady of +the Mountain help you through.’ + +“Just at that moment we were passing one of the many narrow lanes one +sees in Seville. All at once Carmen turned and struck me in the chest +with her fist. I tumbled backward, purposely. With a bound she sprang +over me, and ran off, showing us a pair of legs! People talk about a +pair of Basque legs! but hers were far better--as fleet as they were +well-turned. As for me, I picked myself up at once, but I stuck out my +lance* crossways and barred the street, so that my comrades were checked +at the very first moment of pursuit. Then I started to run myself, and +they after me--but how were we to catch her? There was no fear of that, +what with our spurs, our swords, and our lances. + + * All Spanish cavalry soldiers carry lances. + +“In less time than I have taken to tell you the story the prisoner +had disappeared. And besides, every gossip in the quarter covered her +flight, poked scorn at us, and pointed us in the wrong direction. After +a good deal of marching and countermarching, we had to go back to the +guard-room without a receipt from the governor of the jail. + +“To avoid punishment, my men made known that Carmen had spoken to me in +Basque; and to tell the truth, it did not seem very natural that a blow +from such a little creature should have so easily overthrown a strong +fellow like me. The whole thing looked suspicious, or, at all events, +not over-clear. When I came off guard I lost my corporal’s stripes, and +was condemned to a month’s imprisonment. It was the first time I had +been punished since I had been in the service. Farewell, now, to the +sergeant’s stripes, on which I had reckoned so surely! + +“The first days in prison were very dreary. When I enlisted I had +fancied I was sure to become an officer, at all events. Two of +my compatriots, Longa and Mina, are captains-general, after all. +Chapalangarra was a colonel, and I have played tennis a score of times +with his brother, who was just a needy fellow like myself. â€Now,’ I kept +crying to myself, â€all the time you served without being punished +has been lost. Now you have a bad mark against your name, and to get +yourself back into the officers’ good graces you’ll have to work ten +times as hard as when you joined as a recruit.’ And why have I got +myself punished? For the sake of a gipsy hussy, who made game of me, and +who at this moment is busy thieving in some corner of the town. Yet I +couldn’t help thinking about her. Will you believe it, sir, those silk +stockings of hers with the holes in them, of which she had given me such +a full view as she took to her heels, were always before my eyes? I +used to look through the barred windows of the jail into the street, +and among all the women who passed I never could see one to compare with +that minx of a girl--and then, in spite of myself, I used to smell the +acacia blossom she had thrown at me, and which, dry as it was, still +kept its sweet scent. If there are such things as witches, that girl +certainly was one. + +“One day the jailer came in, and gave me an Alcala roll.* + + * _Alcala de los Panaderos_, a village two leagues from + Seville, where the most delicious rolls are made. They are + said to owe their quality to the water of the place, and + great quantities of them are brought to Seville every day. + +“â€Look here,’ said he, â€this is what your cousin has sent you.’ + +“I took the loaf, very much astonished, for I had no cousin in Seville. +It may be a mistake, thought I, as I looked at the roll, but it was so +appetizing and smelt so good, that I made up my mind to eat it, without +troubling my head as to whence it came, or for whom it was really +intended. + +“When I tried to cut it, my knife struck on something hard. I looked, +and found a little English file, which had been slipped into the dough +before the roll had been baked. The roll also contained a gold piece of +two piastres. Then I had no further doubt--it was a present from Carmen. +To people of her blood, liberty is everything, and they would set a +town on fire to save themselves one day in prison. The girl was artful, +indeed, and armed with that roll, I might have snapped my fingers at the +jailers. In one hour, with that little file, I could have sawn through +the thickest bar, and with the gold coin I could have exchanged my +soldier’s cloak for civilian garb at the nearest shop. You may fancy +that a man who has often taken the eaglets out of their nests in our +cliff would have found no difficulty in getting down to the street +out of a window less than thirty feet above it. But I didn’t choose to +escape. I still had a soldier’s code of honour, and desertion appeared +to me in the light of a heinous crime. Yet this proof of remembrance +touched me. When a man is in prison he likes to think he has a friend +outside who takes an interest in him. The gold coin did rather offend +me; I should have very much liked to return it; but where was I to find +my creditor? That did not seem a very easy task. + +“After the ceremony of my degradation I had fancied my sufferings were +over, but I had another humiliation before me. That came when I left +prison, and was told off for duty, and put on sentry, as a private +soldier. You can not conceive what a proud man endures at such a moment. +I believe I would have just as soon been shot dead--then I should have +marched alone at the head of my platoon, at all events; I should have +felt I was somebody, with the eyes of others fixed upon me. + +“I was posted as sentry on the door of the colonel’s house. The colonel +was a young man, rich, good-natured, fond of amusing himself. All +the young officers were there, and many civilians as well, besides +ladies--actresses, as it was said. For my part, it seemed to me as if +the whole town had agreed to meet at that door, in order to stare at me. +Then up drove the colonel’s carriage, with his valet on the box. And who +should I see get out of it, but the gipsy girl! She was dressed up, this +time, to the eyes, togged out in golden ribbons--a spangled gown, blue +shoes, all spangled too, flowers and gold lace all over her. In her hand +she carried a tambourine. With her there were two other gipsy women, one +young and one old. They always have one old woman who goes with them, +and then an old man with a guitar, a gipsy too, to play alone, and also +for their dances. You must know these gipsy girls are often sent for to +private houses, to dance their special dance, the _Romalis_, and often, +too, for quite other purposes. + +“Carmen recognised me, and we exchanged glances. I don’t know why, but +at that moment I should have liked to have been a hundred feet beneath +the ground. + +“â€_Agur laguna_,’ * said she. â€Oficial mio! You keep guard like a +recruit,’ and before I could find a word in answer, she was inside the +house. + + * Good-day, comrade! + +“The whole party was assembled in the _patio_, and in spite of the crowd +I could see nearly everything that went on through the lattice.* I +could hear the castanets and the tambourine, the laughter and applause. +Sometimes I caught a glimpse of her head as she bounded upward with her +tambourine. Then I could hear the officers saying many things to her +which brought the blood to my face. As to her answers, I knew nothing +of them. It was on that day, I think, that I began to love her in +earnest--for three or four times I was tempted to rush into the _patio_, +and drive my sword into the bodies of all the coxcombs who were making +love to her. My torture lasted a full hour; then the gipsies came out, +and the carriage took them away. As she passed me by, Carmen looked at +me with those eyes you know, and said to me very low, â€Comrade, people +who are fond of good _fritata_ come to eat it at Lillas Pastia’s at +Triana!’ + + * In most of the houses in Seville there is an inner court + surrounded by an arched portico. This is used as a sitting- + room in summer. Over the court is stretched a piece of tent + cloth, which is watered during the day and removed at night. + The street door is almost always left open, and the passage + leading to the court (_zaguan_) is closed by an iron lattice + of very elegant workmanship. + +“Then, light as a kid, she stepped into the carriage, the coachman +whipped up his mules, and the whole merry party departed, whither I know +not. + +“You may fancy that the moment I was off guard I went to Triana; but +first of all I got myself shaved and brushed myself up as if I had been +going on parade. She was living with Lillas Pastia, an old fried-fish +seller, a gipsy, as black as a Moor, to whose house a great many +civilians resorted to eat _fritata_, especially, I think, because Carmen +had taken up her quarters there. + +“â€Lillas,’ she said, as soon as she saw me. â€I’m not going to work any +more to-day. To-morrow will be a day, too.* Come, fellow-countryman, let +us go for a walk!’ + + * _Manana sera otro dia._--A Spanish proverb. + +“She pulled her mantilla across her nose, and there we were in the +street, without my knowing in the least whither I was bound. + +“â€Senorita,’ said I, â€I think I have to thank you for a present I +had while I was in prison. I’ve eaten the bread; the file will do for +sharpening my lance, and I keep it in remembrance of you. But as for the +money, here it is.’ + +“â€Why, he’s kept the money!’ she exclaimed, bursting out laughing. +â€But, after all, that’s all the better--for I’m decidedly hard up! What +matter! The dog that runs never starves!* Come, let’s spend it all! You +shall treat.’ + + * _Chuquel sos pirela, cocal terela_. “The dog that runs + finds a bone.”--Gipsy proverb. + +“We had turned back toward Seville. At the entrance of the _Calle de +la Serpiente_ she bought a dozen oranges, which she made me put into my +handkerchief. A little farther on she bought a roll, a sausage, and +a bottle of manzanilla. Then, last of all, she turned into a +confectioner’s shop. There she threw the gold coin I had returned to +her on the counter, with another she had in her pocket, and some small +silver, and then she asked me for all the money I had. All I possessed +was one peseta and a few cuartos, which I handed over to her, very much +ashamed of not having more. I thought she would have carried away the +whole shop. She took everything that was best and dearest, _yemas_,* +_turon_,** preserved fruits--as long as the money lasted. And all these, +too, I had to carry in paper bags. Perhaps you know the _Calle del +Candilejo_, where there is a head of Don Pedro the Avenger.*** That head +ought to have given me pause. We stopped at an old house in that street. +She passed into the entry, and knocked at a door on the ground floor. +It was opened by a gipsy, a thorough-paced servant of the devil. Carmen +said a few words to her in Romany. At first the old hag grumbled. To +smooth her down Carmen gave her a couple of oranges and a handful of +sugar-plums, and let her have a taste of wine. Then she hung her cloak +on her back, and led her to the door, which she fastened with a wooden +bar. As soon as we were alone she began to laugh and caper like a +lunatic, singing out, â€You are my _rom_, I’m your _romi_.’**** + + * Sugared yolks of eggs. + + ** A sort of nougat. + + *** This king, Don Pedro, whom we call “the Cruel,” and whom + Queen Isabella, the Catholic, never called anything but “the + Avenger,” was fond of walking about the streets of Seville + at night in search of adventures, like the Caliph Haroun al + Raschid. One night, in a lonely street, he quarrelled with a + man who was singing a serenade. There was a fight, and the + king killed the amorous _caballero_. At the clashing of + their swords, an old woman put her head out of the window + and lighted up the scene with a tiny lamp (candilejo) which + she held in her hand. My readers must be informed that King + Don Pedro, though nimble and muscular, suffered from one + strange fault in his physical conformation. Whenever he + walked his knees cracked loudly. By this cracking the old + woman easily recognised him. The next day the _veintiquatro_ + in charge came to make his report to the king. “Sir, a duel + was fought last night in such a street--one of the + combatants is dead.” “Have you found the murderer?” “Yes, + sir.” “Why has he not been punished already?” “Sir, I await + your orders!” “Carry out the law.” Now the king had just + published a decree that every duellist was to have his head + cut off, and that head was to be set up on the scene of the + fight. The _veintiquatro_ got out of the difficulty like a + clever man. He had the head sawed off a statue of the king, + and set that up in a niche in the middle of the street in + which the murder had taken place. The king and all the + Sevillians thought this a very good joke. The street took + its name from the lamp held by the old woman, the only + witness of the incident. The above is the popular tradition. + Zuniga tells the story somewhat differently. However that + may be, a street called _Calle del Candilejo_ still exists + in Seville, and in that street there is a bust which is said + to be a portrait of Don Pedro. This bust, unfortunately, is + a modern production. During the seventeenth century the old + one had become very much defaced, and the municipality had + it replaced by that now to be seen. + + **** _Rom_, husband. _Romi_, wife. + +“There I stood in the middle of the room, laden with all her purchases, +and not knowing where I was to put them down. She tumbled them all onto +the floor, and threw her arms round my neck, saying: + +“â€I pay my debts, I pay my debts! That’s the law of the _Cales_.’* + + * _Calo_, feminine _calli_, plural _cales_. Literally + “black,” the name the gipsies apply to themselves in their + own language. + +“Ah, sir, that day! that day! When I think of it I forget what to-morrow +must bring me!” + +For a moment the bandit held his peace, then, when he had relighted his +cigar, he began afresh. + +“We spent the whole day together, eating, drinking, and so forth. When +she had stuffed herself with sugar-plums, like any child of six years +old, she thrust them by handfuls into the old woman’s water-jar. +â€That’ll make sherbet for her,’ she said. She smashed the _yemas_ by +throwing them against the walls. â€They’ll keep the flies from bothering +us.’ There was no prank or wild frolic she didn’t indulge in. I told her +I should have liked to see her dance, only there were no castanets to +be had. Instantly she seized the old woman’s only earthenware plate, +smashed it up, and there she was dancing the _Romalis_, and making the +bits of broken crockery rattle as well as if they had been ebony and +ivory castanets. That girl was good company, I can tell you! Evening +fell, and I heard the drums beating tattoo. + +“â€I must get back to quarters for roll-call,’ I said. + +“â€To quarters!’ she answered, with a look of scorn. â€Are you a negro +slave, to let yourself be driven with a ramrod like that! You are as +silly as a canary bird. Your dress suits your nature.* Pshaw! you’ve no +more heart than a chicken.’ + +* Spanish dragoons wear a yellow uniform. + +“I stayed on, making up my mind to the inevitable guard-room. The next +morning the first suggestion of parting came from her. + +“â€Hark ye, Joseito,’ she said. â€Have I paid you? By our law, I owed you +nothing, because you’re a _payllo_. But you’re a good-looking fellow, +and I took a fancy to you. Now we’re quits. Good-day!’ + +“I asked her when I should see her again. + +“â€When you’re less of a simpleton,’ she retorted, with a laugh. Then, in +a more serious tone, â€Do you know, my son, I really believe I love you a +little; but that can’t last! The dog and the wolf can’t agree for long. +Perhaps if you turned gipsy, I might care to be your _romi_. But that’s +all nonsense, such things aren’t possible. Pshaw! my boy. Believe me, +you’re well out of it. You’ve come across the devil--he isn’t always +black--and you’ve not had your neck wrung. I wear a woollen suit, but +I’m no sheep.* Go and burn a candle to your _majari_,** she deserves +it well. Come, good-by once more. Don’t think any more about _La +Carmencita_, or she’ll end by making you marry a widow with wooden +legs.’*** + + * _Me dicas vriarda de jorpoy, bus ne sino braco_.--A gipsy + proverb. + + ** The Saint, the Holy Virgin. + + *** The gallows, which is the widow of the last man hanged + upon it. + +“As she spoke, she drew back the bar that closed the door, and once we +were out in the street she wrapped her mantilla about her, and turned on +her heel. + +“She spoke the truth. I should have done far better never to think of +her again. But after that day in the _Calle del Candilejo_ I couldn’t +think of anything else. All day long I used to walk about, hoping I +might meet her. I sought news of her from the old hag, and from the +fried-fish seller. They both told me she had gone away to _Laloro_, +which is their name for Portugal. They probably said it by Carmen’s +orders, but I soon found out they were lying. Some weeks after my day +in the _Calle del Candilejo_ I was on duty at one of the town gates. A +little way from the gate there was a breach in the wall. The masons were +working at it in the daytime, and at night a sentinel was posted on it, +to prevent smugglers from getting in. All through one day I saw Lillas +Pastia going backward and forward near the guard-room, and talking to +some of my comrades. They all knew him well, and his fried-fish and +fritters even better. He came up to me, and asked if I had any news of +Carmen. + +“â€No,’ said I. + +“â€Well,’ said he, â€you’ll soon hear of her, old fellow.’ + +“He was not mistaken. That night I was posted to guard the breach in +the wall. As soon as the sergeant had disappeared I saw a woman coming +toward me. My heart told me it was Carmen. Still I shouted: + +“â€Keep off! Nobody can pass here!’ + +“â€Now, don’t be spiteful,’ she said, making herself known to me. + +“â€What! you here, Carmen?’ + +“â€Yes, _mi payllo_. Let us say few words, but wise ones. Would you +like to earn a douro? Some people will be coming with bundles. Let them +alone.’ + +“â€No,’ said I, â€I must not allow them through. These are my orders.’ + +“â€Orders! orders! You didn’t think about orders in the _Calle del +Candilejo_!’ + +“â€Ah!’ I cried, quite maddened by the very thought of that night. â€It +was well worth while to forget my orders for that! But I won’t have any +smuggler’s money!’ + +“â€Well, if you won’t have money, shall we go and dine together at old +Dorotea’s?’ + +“â€No,’ said I, half choked by the effort it cost me. â€No, I can’t.’ + +“â€Very good! If you make so many difficulties, I know to whom I can +go. I’ll ask your officer if he’ll come with me to Dorotea’s. He looks +good-natured, and he’ll post a sentry who’ll only see what he had better +see. Good-bye, canary-bird! I shall have a good laugh the day the order +comes out to hang you!’ + +“I was weak enough to call her back, and I promised to let the whole +of gipsydom pass in, if that were necessary, so that I secured the +only reward I longed for. She instantly swore she would keep her word +faithfully the very next day, and ran off to summon her friends, who +were close by. There were five of them, of whom Pastia was one, all well +loaded with English goods. Carmen kept watch for them. She was to warn +them with her castanets the instant she caught sight of the patrol. But +there was no necessity for that. The smugglers finished their job in a +moment. + +“The next day I went to the _Calle del Candilejo_. Carmen kept me +waiting, and when she came, she was in rather a bad temper. + +“â€I don’t like people who have to be pressed,’ she said. â€You did me a +much greater service the first time, without knowing you’d gain anything +by it. Yesterday you bargained with me. I don’t know why I’ve come, for +I don’t care for you any more. Here, be off with you. Here’s a douro for +your trouble.’ + +“I very nearly threw the coin at her head, and I had to make a violent +effort to prevent myself from actually beating her. After we had +wrangled for an hour I went off in a fury. For some time I wandered +about the town, walking hither and thither like a madman. At last I went +into a church, and getting into the darkest corner I could find, I cried +hot tears. All at once I heard a voice. + +“â€A dragoon in tears. I’ll make a philter of them!’ + +“I looked up. There was Carmen in front of me. + +“â€Well, _mi payllo_, are you still angry with me?’ she said. â€I must +care for you in spite of myself, for since you left me I don’t know what +has been the matter with me. Look you, it is I who ask you to come to +the _Calle del Candilejo_, now!’ + +“So we made it up: but Carmen’s temper was like the weather in our +country. The storm is never so close, in our mountains, as when the sun +is at its brightest. She had promised to meet me again at Dorotea’s, but +she didn’t come. + +“And Dorotea began telling me again that she had gone off to Portugal +about some gipsy business. + +“As experience had already taught me how much of that I was to believe, +I went about looking for Carmen wherever I thought she might be, and +twenty times in every day I walked through the _Calle del Candilejo_. +One evening I was with Dorotea, whom I had almost tamed by giving her +a glass of anisette now and then, when Carmen walked in, followed by a +young man, a lieutenant in our regiment. + +“â€Get away at once,’ she said to me in Basque. I stood there, +dumfounded, my heart full of rage. + +“â€What are you doing here?’ said the lieutenant to me. â€Take yourself +off--get out of this.’ + +“I couldn’t move a step. I felt paralyzed. The officer grew angry, and +seeing I did not go out, and had not even taken off my forage cap, he +caught me by the collar and shook me roughly. I don’t know what I said +to him. He drew his sword, and I unsheathed mine. The old woman caught +hold of my arm, and the lieutenant gave me a wound on the forehead, of +which I still bear the scar. I made a step backward, and with one jerk +of my elbow I threw old Dorotea down. Then, as the lieutenant still +pressed me, I turned the point of my sword against his body and he +ran upon it. Then Carmen put out the lamp and told Dorotea, in her own +language, to take to flight. I fled into the street myself, and began +running along, I knew not whither. It seemed to me that some one was +following me. When I came to myself I discovered that Carmen had never +left me. + +“â€Great stupid of a canary-bird!’ she said, â€you never make anything but +blunders. And, indeed, you know I told you I should bring you bad luck. +But come, there’s a cure for everything when you have a Fleming from +Rome* for your love. Begin by rolling this handkerchief round your head, +and throw me over that belt of yours. Wait for me in this alley--I’ll be +back in two minutes. + + * _Flamenco de Roma_, a slang term for the gipsies. Roma + does not stand for the Eternal City, but for the nation of + the _romi_, or the married folk--a name applied by the + gipsies to themselves. The first gipsies seen in Spain + probably came from the Low Countries, hence their name of + _Flemings_. + +“She disappeared, and soon came back bringing me a striped cloak which +she had gone to fetch, I knew not whence. She made me take off my +uniform, and put on the cloak over my shirt. Thus dressed, and with the +wound on my head bound round with the handkerchief, I was tolerably like +a Valencian peasant, many of whom come to Seville to sell a drink they +make out of â€_chufas_.’* Then she took me to a house very much like +Dorotea’s, at the bottom of a little lane. Here she and another gipsy +woman washed and dressed my wounds, better than any army surgeon could +have done, gave me something, I know not what, to drink, and finally +made me lie down on a mattress, on which I went to sleep. + + * A bulbous root, out of which rather a pleasant beverage is + manufactured. + +“Probably the woman had mixed one of the soporific drugs of which they +know the secret in my drink, for I did not wake up till very late the +next day. I was rather feverish, and had a violent headache. It was some +time before the memory of the terrible scene in which I had taken part +on the previous night came back to me. After having dressed my wound, +Carmen and her friend, squatting on their heels beside my mattress, +exchanged a few words of â€_chipe calli_,’ which appeared to me to be +something in the nature of a medical consultation. Then they both of +them assured me that I should soon be cured, but that I must get out +of Seville at the earliest possible moment, for that, if I was caught +there, I should most undoubtedly be shot. + +“â€My boy,’ said Carmen to me, â€you’ll have to do something. Now that +the king won’t give you either rice or haddock* you’ll have to think of +earning your livelihood. You’re too stupid for stealing _a pastesas_.** +But you are brave and active. If you have the pluck, take yourself off +to the coast and turn smuggler. Haven’t I promised to get you hanged? +That’s better than being shot, and besides, if you set about it +properly, you’ll live like a prince as long as the _minons_*** and the +coast-guard don’t lay their hands on your collar.’ + + * The ordinary food of a Spanish soldier. + + ** _Ustilar a pastesas_, to steal cleverly, to purloin + without violence. + + *** A sort of volunteer corps. + +“In this attractive guise did this fiend of a girl describe the new +career she was suggesting to me,--the only one, indeed, remaining, now +I had incurred the penalty of death. Shall I confess it, sir? She +persuaded me without much difficulty. This wild and dangerous life, it +seemed to me, would bind her and me more closely together. In future, I +thought, I should be able to make sure of her love. + +“I had often heard talk of certain smugglers who travelled about +Andalusia, each riding a good horse, with his mistress behind him and +his blunderbuss in his fist. Already I saw myself trotting up and down +the world, with a pretty gipsy behind me. When I mentioned that notion +to her, she laughed till she had to hold her sides, and vowed there was +nothing in the world so delightful as a night spent camping in the open +air, when each _rom_ retired with his _romi_ beneath their little tent, +made of three hoops with a blanket thrown across them. + +“â€If I take to the mountains,’ said I to her, â€I shall be sure of you. +There’ll be no lieutenant there to go shares with me.’ + +“â€Ha! ha! you’re jealous!’ she retorted, â€so much the worse for you. How +can you be such a fool as that? Don’t you see I must love you, because I +have never asked you for money?’ + +“When she said that sort to thing I could have strangled her. + +“To shorten the story, sir, Carmen procured me civilian clothes, +disguised in which I got out of Seville without being recognised. I went +to Jerez, with a letter from Pastia to a dealer in anisette whose house +was the smugglers’ meeting-place. I was introduced to them, and their +leader, surnamed _El Dancaire_, enrolled me in his gang. We started for +Gaucin, where I found Carmen, who had told me she would meet me there. +In all these expeditions she acted as spy for our gang, and she was the +best that ever was seen. She had now just returned from Gibraltar, and +had already arranged with the captain of a ship for a cargo of English +goods which we were to receive on the coast. We went to meet it near +Estepona. We hid part in the mountains, and laden with the rest, we +proceeded to Ronda. Carmen had gone there before us. It was she again +who warned us when we had better enter the town. This first journey, and +several subsequent ones, turned out well. I found the smuggler’s life +pleasanter than a soldier’s: I could give presents to Carmen, I had +money, and I had a mistress. I felt little or no remorse, for, as the +gipsies say, â€The happy man never longs to scratch his itch.’ We were +made welcome everywhere, my comrades treated me well, and even showed me +a certain respect. The reason of this was that I had killed my man, +and that some of them had no exploit of that description on their +conscience. But what I valued most in my new life was that I often saw +Carmen. She showed me more affection than ever; nevertheless, she would +never admit, before my comrades, that she was my mistress, and she had +even made me swear all sorts of oaths that I would not say anything +about her to them. I was so weak in that creature’s hands, that I obeyed +all her whims. And besides, this was the first time she had revealed +herself as possessing any of the reserve of a well-conducted woman, +and I was simple enough to believe she had really cast off her former +habits. + +“Our gang, which consisted of eight or ten men, was hardly ever together +except at decisive moments, and we were usually scattered by twos and +threes about the towns and villages. Each one of us pretended to have +some trade. One was a tinker, another was a groom; I was supposed to +peddle haberdashery, but I hardly ever showed myself in large places, on +account of my unlucky business at Seville. One day, or rather one night, +we were to meet below Veger. _El Dancaire_ and I got there before the +others. + +“â€We shall soon have a new comrade,’ said he. â€Carmen has just managed +one of her best tricks. She has contrived the escape of her _rom_, who +was in the _presidio_ at Tarifa.’ + +“I was already beginning to understand the gipsy language, which nearly +all my comrades spoke, and this word _rom_ startled me. + +“What! her husband? Is she married, then?’ said I to the captain. + +“â€Yes!’ he replied, â€married to Garcia _el Tuerto_*--as cunning a gipsy +as she is herself. The poor fellow has been at the galleys. Carmen has +wheedled the surgeon of the _presidio_ to such good purpose that she +has managed to get her _rom_ out of prison. Faith! that girl’s worth +her weight in gold. For two years she has been trying to contrive his +escape, but she could do nothing until the authorities took it into +their heads to change the surgeon. She soon managed to come to an +understanding with this new one.’ + + * One-eyed man. + +“You may imagine how pleasant this news was for me. I soon saw Garcia +_el Tuerto_. He was the very ugliest brute that was ever nursed +in gipsydom. His skin was black, his soul was blacker, and he was +altogether the most thorough-paced ruffian I ever came across in my +life. Carmen arrived with him, and when she called him her _rom_ in my +presence, you should have seen the eyes she made at me, and the faces +she pulled whenever Garcia turned his head away. + +“I was disgusted, and never spoke a word to her all night. The next +morning we had made up our packs, and had already started, when we +became aware that we had a dozen horsemen on our heels. The braggart +Andalusians, who had been boasting they would murder every one who came +near them, cut a pitiful figure at once. There was a general rout. _El +Dancaire_, Garcia, a good-looking fellow from Ecija, who was called _El +Remendado_, and Carmen herself, kept their wits about them. The rest +forsook the mules and took to the gorges, where the horses could not +follow them. There was no hope of saving the mules, so we hastily +unstrapped the best part of our booty, and taking it on our shoulders, +we tried to escape through the rocks down the steepest of the slopes. We +threw our packs down in front of us and followed them as best we could, +slipping along on our heels. Meanwhile the enemy fired at us. It was +the first time I had ever heard bullets whistling around me and I +didn’t mind it very much. When there’s a woman looking on, there’s no +particular merit in snapping one’s fingers at death. We all escaped +except the poor _Remendado_, who received a bullet wound in the loins. I +threw away my pack and tried to lift him up. + +“â€Idiot!’ shouted Garcia, â€what do we want with offal! Finish him off, +and don’t lose the cotton stockings!’ + +“â€Drop him!’ cried Carmen. + +“I was so exhausted that I was obliged to lay him down for a moment +under a rock. Garcia came up, and fired his blunderbuss full into his +face. â€He’d be a clever fellow who recognised him now!’ said he, as he +looked at the face, cut to pieces by a dozen slugs. + +“There, sir; that’s the delightful sort of life I’ve led! That night +we found ourselves in a thicket, worn out with fatigue, with nothing to +eat, and ruined by the loss of our mules. What do you think that devil +Garcia did? He pulled a pack of cards out of his pocket and began +playing games with _El Dancaire_ by the light of a fire they kindled. +Meanwhile I was lying down, staring at the stars, thinking of _El +Remendado_, and telling myself I would just as lief be in his place. +Carmen was squatting down near me, and every now and then she would +rattle her castanets and hum a tune. Then, drawing close to me, as if +she would have whispered in my ear, she kissed me two or three times +over almost against my will. + +“â€You are a devil,’ said I to her. + +“â€Yes,’ she replied. + +“After a few hours’ rest, she departed to Gaucin, and the next morning a +little goatherd brought us some food. We stayed there all that day, and +in the evening we moved close to Gaucin. We were expecting news from +Carmen, but none came. After daylight broke we saw a muleteer attending +a well-dressed woman with a parasol, and a little girl who seemed to +be her servant. Said Garcia, â€There go two mules and two women whom St. +Nicholas has sent us. I would rather have had four mules, but no matter. +I’ll do the best I can with these.’ + +“He took his blunderbuss, and went down the pathway, hiding himself +among the brushwood. + +“We followed him, _El Dancaire_ and I keeping a little way behind. As +soon as the woman saw us, instead of being frightened--and our dress +would have been enough to frighten any one--she burst into a fit of loud +laughter. â€Ah! the _lillipendi_! They take me for an _erani_!’ * + + * “The idiots, they take me for a smart lady!” + +“It was Carmen, but so well disguised that if she had spoken any other +language I should never have recognised her. She sprang off her mule, +and talked some time in an undertone with _El Dancaire_ and Garcia. Then +she said to me: + +“â€Canary-bird, we shall meet again before you’re hanged. I’m off to +Gibraltar on gipsy business--you’ll soon have news of me.’ + +“We parted, after she had told us of a place where we should find +shelter for some days. That girl was the providence of our gang. We soon +received some money sent by her, and a piece of news which was still +more useful to us--to the effect that on a certain day two English lords +would travel from Gibraltar to Granada by a road she mentioned. This was +a word to the wise. They had plenty of good guineas. Garcia would have +killed them, but _El Dancaire_ and I objected. All we took from them, +besides their shirts, which we greatly needed, was their money and their +watches. + +“Sir, a man may turn rogue in sheer thoughtlessness. You lose your +head over a pretty girl, you fight another man about her, there is a +catastrophe, you have to take to the mountains, and you turn from a +smuggler into a robber before you have time to think about it. After +this matter of the English lords, we concluded that the neighbourhood of +Gibraltar would not be healthy for us, and we plunged into the _Sierra +de Ronda_. You once mentioned Jose-Maria to me. Well, it was there I +made acquaintance with him. He always took his mistress with him on his +expeditions. She was a pretty girl, quiet, modest, well-mannered, you +never heard a vulgar word from her, and she was quite devoted to him. +He, on his side, led her a very unhappy life. He was always running +after other women, he ill-treated her, and then sometimes he would take +it into his head to be jealous. One day he slashed her with a knife. +Well, she only doted on him the more! That’s the way with women, and +especially with Andalusians. This girl was proud of the scar on her arm, +and would display it as though it were the most beautiful thing in the +world. And then Jose-Maria was the worst of comrades in the bargain. +In one expedition we made with him, he managed so that he kept all the +profits, and we had all the trouble and the blows. But I must go back to +my story. We had no sign at all from Carmen. _El Dancaire_ said: â€One +of us will have to go to Gibraltar to get news of her. She must have +planned some business. I’d go at once, only I’m too well known at +Gibraltar.’ _El Tuerto_ said: + +“â€I’m well known there too. I’ve played so many tricks on the +crayfish*--and as I’ve only one eye, it is not overeasy for me to +disguise myself.’ + + * Name applied by the Spanish populace to the British + soldiers, on account of the colour of their uniform. + +“â€Then I suppose I must go,’ said I, delighted at the very idea of +seeing Carmen again. â€Well, how am I to set about it?’ + +“The others answered: + +“â€You must either go by sea, or you must get through by San Rocco, +whichever you like the best; once you are in Gibraltar, inquire in the +port where a chocolate-seller called _La Rollona_ lives. When you’ve +found her, she’ll tell you everything that’s happening.’ + +“It was settled that we were all to start for the Sierra, that I was +to leave my two companions there, and take my way to Gibraltar, in +the character of a fruit-seller. At Ronda one of our men procured me +a passport; at Gaucin I was provided with a donkey. I loaded it with +oranges and melons, and started forth. When I reached Gibraltar I found +that many people knew _La Rollona_, but that she was either dead or had +gone _ad finibus terroe_,* and, to my mind, her disappearance explained +the failure of our correspondence with Carmen. I stabled my donkey, +and began to move about the town, carrying my oranges as though to sell +them, but in reality looking to see whether I could not come across any +face I knew. The place is full of ragamuffins from every country in the +world, and it really is like the Tower of Babel, for you can’t go ten +paces along a street without hearing as many languages. I did see some +gipsies, but I hardly dared confide in them. I was taking stock of them, +and they were taking stock of me. We had mutually guessed each other +to be rogues, but the important thing for us was to know whether we +belonged to the same gang. After having spent two days in fruitless +wanderings, and having found out nothing either as to _La Rollona_ or +as to Carmen, I was thinking I would go back to my comrades as soon as I +had made a few purchases, when, toward sunset, as I was walking along a +street, I heard a woman’s voice from a window say, â€Orange-seller!’ + + * To the galleys, or else to all the devils in hell. + +“I looked up, and on a balcony I saw Carmen looking out, beside a +scarlet-coated officer with gold epaulettes, curly hair, and all +the appearance of a rich _milord_. As for her, she was magnificently +dressed, a shawl hung on her shoulders, she’d a gold comb in her hair, +everything she wore was of silk; and the cunning little wretch, not a +bit altered, was laughing till she held her sides. + +“The Englishman shouted to me in mangled Spanish to come upstairs, as +the lady wanted some oranges, and Carmen said to me in Basque: + +“â€Come up, and don’t look astonished at anything!’ + +“Indeed, nothing that she did ought ever to have astonished me. I don’t +know whether I was most happy or wretched at seeing her again. At the +door of the house there was a tall English servant with a powdered head, +who ushered me into a splendid drawing-room. Instantly Carmen said to me +in Basque, â€You don’t know one word of Spanish, and you don’t know me.’ +Then turning to the Englishman, she added: + +“â€I told you so. I saw at once he was a Basque. Now you’ll hear what a +queer language he speaks. Doesn’t he look silly? He’s like a cat that’s +been caught in the larder!’ + +“â€And you,’ said I to her in my own language, â€you look like an impudent +jade--and I’ve a good mind to scar your face here and now, before your +spark.’ + +“â€My spark!’ said she. â€Why, you’ve guessed that all alone! Are you +jealous of this idiot? You’re even sillier than you were before our +evening in the _Calle del Candilejo_! Don’t you see, fool, that at this +moment I’m doing gipsy business, and doing it in the most brilliant +manner? This house belongs to me--the guineas of that crayfish will +belong to me! I lead him by the nose, and I’ll lead him to a place that +he’ll never get out of!’ + +“â€And if I catch you doing any gipsy business in this style again, I’ll +see to it that you never do any again!’ said I. + +“â€Ah! upon my word! Are you my _rom_, pray that you give me orders? If +_El Tuerto_ is pleased, what have you to do with it? Oughtn’t you to +be very happy that you are the only man who can call himself my +_minchorro_?’ * + + * My “lover,” or rather my “fancy.” + +“â€What does he say?’ inquired the Englishman. + +“â€He says he’s thirsty, and would like a drink,’ answered Carmen, and +she threw herself back upon a sofa, screaming with laughter at her own +translation. + +“When that girl begins to laugh, sir, it was hopeless for anybody to try +and talk sense. Everybody laughed with her. The big Englishman began to +laugh too, like the idiot he was, and ordered the servant to bring me +something to drink. + +“While I was drinking she said to me: + +“â€Do you see that ring he has on his finger? If you like I’ll give it to +you.’ + +“And I answered: + +“â€I would give one of my fingers to have your _milord_ out on the +mountains, and each of us with a _maquila_ in his fist.’ + +“â€_Maquila_, what does that mean?’ asked the Englishman. + +“â€Maquila,’ said Carmen, still laughing, â€means an orange. Isn’t it a +queer word for an orange? He says he’d like you to eat _maquila_.’ + +“â€Does he?’ said the Englishman. â€Very well, bring more _maquila_ +to-morrow.’ + +“While we were talking a servant came in and said dinner was ready. +Then the Englishman stood up, gave me a piastre, and offered his arm +to Carmen, as if she couldn’t have walked alone. Carmen, who was still +laughing, said to me: + +“â€My boy, I can’t ask you to dinner. But to-morrow, as soon as you hear +the drums beat for parade, come here with your oranges. You’ll find a +better furnished room than the one in the _Calle del Candilejo_, and +you’ll see whether I am still your _Carmencita_. Then afterwards we’ll +talk about gipsy business.’ + +“I gave her no answer--even when I was in the street I could hear the +Englishman shouting, â€Bring more _maquila_ to-morrow,’ and Carmen’s +peals of laughter. + +“I went out, not knowing what I should do; I hardly slept, and next +morning I was so enraged with the treacherous creature that I made up +my mind to leave Gibraltar without seeing her again. But the moment +the drums began to roll, my courage failed me. I took up my net full of +oranges, and hurried off to Carmen’s house. Her window-shutters had been +pulled apart a little, and I saw her great dark eyes watching for me. +The powdered servant showed me in at once. Carmen sent him out with a +message, and as soon as we were alone she burst into one of her fits of +crocodile laughter and threw her arms around my neck. Never had I seen +her look so beautiful. She was dressed out like a queen, and scented; +she had silken furniture, embroidered curtains--and I togged out like +the thief I was! + +“â€_Minchorro_,’ said Carmen, â€I’ve a good mind to smash up everything +here, set fire to the house, and take myself off to the mountains.’ And +then she would fondle me, and then she would laugh, and she danced about +and tore up her fripperies. Never did monkey gambol nor make such faces, +nor play such wild tricks, as she did that day. When she had recovered +her gravity-- + +“â€Hark!’ she said, â€this is gipsy business. I mean him to take me to +Ronda, where I have a sister who is a nun’ (here she shrieked with +laughter again). â€We shall pass by a particular spot which I shall make +known to you. Then you must fall upon him and strip him to the skin. +Your best plan would be to do for him, but,’ she added, with a certain +fiendish smile of hers, which no one who saw it ever had any desire to +imitate, â€do you know what you had better do? Let _El Tuerto_ come up +in front of you. You keep a little behind. The crayfish is brave, and +skilful too, and he has good pistols. Do you understand?’ + +“And she broke off with another fit of laughter that made me shiver. + +“â€No,’ said I, â€I hate Garcia, but he’s my comrade. Some day, maybe, +I’ll rid you of him, but we’ll settle our account after the fashion of +my country. It’s only chance that has made me a gipsy, and in certain +things I shall always be a thorough Navarrese,* as the proverb says. + + * _Navarro fino_. + +“â€You’re a fool,’ she rejoined, â€a simpleton, a regular _payllo_. You’re +just like the dwarf who thinks himself tall because he can spit a long +way.* You don’t love me! Be off with you!’ + + * _Or esorjle de or marsichisle, sin chisnar lachinguel_. + “The promise of a dwarf is that he will spit a long way.”--A + gipsy proverb. + +“Whenever she said to me â€Be off with you,” I couldn’t go away. I +promised I would start back to my comrades and wait the arrival of the +Englishman. She, on her side, promised she would be ill until she left +Gibraltar for Ronda. + +“I remained at Gibraltar two days longer. She had the boldness to +disguise herself and come and see me at the inn. I departed, I had a +plan of my own. I went back to our meeting-place with the information as +to the spot and the hour at which the Englishman and Carmen were to pass +by. I found _El Dancaire_ and Garcia waiting for me. We spent the night +in a wood, beside a fire made of pine-cones that blazed splendidly. I +suggested to Garcia that we should play cards, and he agreed. In the +second game I told him he was cheating; he began to laugh; I threw the +cards in his face. He tried to get at his blunderbuss. I set my foot on +it, and said, â€They say you can use a knife as well as the best ruffian +in Malaga; will you try it with me?’ _El Dancaire_ tried to part us. I +had given Garcia one or two cuffs, his rage had given him courage, he +drew his knife, and I drew mine. We both of us told _El Dancaire_ he +must leave us alone, and let us fight it out. He saw there was no means +of stopping us, so he stood on one side. Garcia was already bent double, +like a cat ready to spring upon a mouse. He held his hat in his +left hand to parry with, and his knife in front of him--that’s their +Andalusian guard. I stood up in the Navarrese fashion, with my left arm +raised, my left leg forward, and my knife held straight along my right +thigh. I felt I was stronger than any giant. He flew at me like an +arrow. I turned round on my left foot, so that he found nothing in front +of him. But I thrust him in the throat, and the knife went in so far +that my hand was under his chin. I gave the blade such a twist that it +broke. That was the end. The blade was carried out of the wound by a +gush of blood as thick as my arm, and he fell full length on his face. + +“â€What have you done?’ said _El Dancaire_ to me. + +“â€Hark ye,’ said I, â€we couldn’t live on together. I love Carmen and I +mean to be the only one. And besides, Garcia was a villain. I remember +what he did to that poor _Remendado_. There are only two of us left now, +but we are both good fellows. Come, will you have me for your friend, +for life or death?’ + +“_El Dancaire_ stretched out his hand. He was a man of fifty. + +“â€Devil take these love stories!’ he cried. â€If you’d asked him for +Carmen he’d have sold her to you for a piastre! There are only two of us +now--how shall we manage for to-morrow?’ + +“â€I’ll manage it all alone,’ I answered. â€I can snap my fingers at the +whole world now.’ + +“We buried Garcia, and we moved our camp two hundred paces farther on. +The next morning Carmen and her Englishman came along with two muleteers +and a servant. I said to _El Dancaire_: + +“â€I’ll look after the Englishman, you frighten the others--they’re not +armed!’ + +“The Englishman was a plucky fellow. He’d have killed me if Carmen +hadn’t jogged his elbow. + +“To put it shortly, I won Carmen back that day, and my first words were +to tell her she was a widow. + +“When she knew how it had all happened-- + +“â€You’ll always be a _lillipendi_,’ she said. â€Garcia ought to have +killed you. Your Navarrese guard is a pack of nonsense, and he has sent +far more skilful men than you into the darkness. It was just that his +time had come--and yours will come too.’ + +“â€Ay, and yours too!--if you’re not a faithful _romi_ to me.’ + +“â€So be it,’ said she. â€I’ve read in the coffee grounds, more than once, +that you and I were to end our lives together. Pshaw! what must be, will +be!’ and she rattled her castanets, as was her way when she wanted to +drive away some worrying thought. + +“One runs on when one is talking about one’s self. I dare say all these +details bore you, but I shall soon be at the end of my story. Our new +life lasted for some considerable time. _El Dancaire_ and I gathered a +few comrades about us, who were more trustworthy than our earlier ones, +and we turned our attention to smuggling. Occasionally, indeed, I must +confess we stopped travellers on the highways, but never unless we were +at the last extremity, and could not avoid doing so; and besides, we +never ill-treated the travellers, and confined ourselves to taking their +money from them. + +“For some months I was very well satisfied with Carmen. She still served +us in our smuggling operations, by giving us notice of any opportunity +of making a good haul. She remained either at Malaga, at Cordova, or at +Granada, but at a word from me she would leave everything, and come to +meet me at some _venta_ or even in our lonely camp. Only once--it was at +Malaga--she caused me some uneasiness. I heard she had fixed her fancy +upon a very rich merchant, with whom she probably proposed to play her +Gibraltar trick over again. In spite of everything _El Dancaire_ said to +stop me, I started off, walked into Malaga in broad daylight, sought for +Carmen and carried her off instantly. We had a sharp altercation. + +“â€Do you know,’ said she, â€now that you’re my _rom_ for good and all, I +don’t care for you so much as when you were my _minchorro_! I won’t be +worried, and above all, I won’t be ordered about. I choose to be free to +do as I like. Take care you don’t drive me too far; if you tire me +out, I’ll find some good fellow who’ll serve you just as you served _El +Tuerto_.’ + +“_El Dancaire_ patched it up between us; but we had said things to each +other that rankled in our hearts, and we were not as we had been before. +Shortly after that we had a misfortune: the soldiers caught us, _El +Dancaire_ and two of my comrades were killed; two others were taken. +I was sorely wounded, and, but for my good horse, I should have fallen +into the soldiers’ hands. Half dead with fatigue, and with a bullet in +my body, I sought shelter in a wood, with my only remaining comrade. +When I got off my horse I fainted away, and I thought I was going to +die there in the brushwood, like a shot hare. My comrade carried me to a +cave he knew of, and then he sent to fetch Carmen. + +“She was at Granada, and she hurried to me at once. For a whole +fortnight she never left me for a single instant. She never closed her +eyes; she nursed me with a skill and care such as no woman ever showed +to the man she loved most tenderly. As soon as I could stand on my feet, +she conveyed me with the utmost secrecy to Granada. These gipsy women +find safe shelter everywhere, and I spent more than six weeks in a house +only two doors from that of the _Corregidor_ who was trying to arrest +me. More than once I saw him pass by, from behind the shutter. At last I +recovered, but I had thought a great deal, on my bed of pain, and I had +planned to change my way of life. I suggested to Carmen that we should +leave Spain, and seek an honest livelihood in the New World. She laughed +in my face. + +“â€We were not born to plant cabbages,’ she cried. â€Our fate is to live +_payllos_! Listen: I’ve arranged a business with Nathan Ben-Joseph at +Gibraltar. He has cotton stuffs that he can not get through till you +come to fetch them. He knows you’re alive, and reckons upon you. What +would our Gibraltar correspondents say if you failed them?’ + +“I let myself by persuaded, and took up my vile trade once more. + +“While I was hiding at Granada there were bull-fights there, to which +Carmen went. When she came back she talked a great deal about a skilful +_picador_ of the name of Lucas. She knew the name of his horse, and how +much his embroidered jacket had cost him. I paid no attention to this; +but a few days later, Juanito, the only one of my comrades who was left, +told me he had seen Carmen with Lucas in a shop in the Zacatin. Then +I began to feel alarmed. I asked Carmen how and why she had made the +_picador’s_ acquaintance. + +“â€He’s a man out of whom we may be able to get something,’ said she. +â€A noisy stream has either water in it or pebbles. He has earned twelve +hundred reals at the bull-fights. It must be one of two things: we +must either have his money, or else, as he is a good rider and a plucky +fellow, we can enroll him in our gang. We have lost such an one an such +an one; you’ll have to replace them. Take this man with you!’ + +“â€I want neither his money nor himself,’ I replied, â€and I forbid you to +speak to him.’ + +“â€Beware!’ she retorted. â€If any one defies me to do a thing, it’s very +quickly done.’ + +“Luckily the _picador_ departed to Malaga, and I set about passing in +the Jew’s cotton stuffs. This expedition gave me a great deal to do, and +Carmen as well. I forgot Lucas, and perhaps she forgot him too--for the +moment, at all events. It was just about that time, sir, that I met you, +first at Montilla, and then afterward at Cordova. I won’t talk about +that last interview. You know more about it, perhaps, than I do. Carmen +stole your watch from you, she wanted to have your money besides, and +especially that ring I see on your finger, and which she declared to be +a magic ring, the possession of which was very important to her. We had +a violent quarrel, and I struck her. She turned pale and began to cry. +It was the first time I had ever seen her cry, and it affected me in the +most painful manner. I begged her to forgive me, but she sulked with me +for a whole day, and when I started back to Montilla she wouldn’t kiss +me. My heart was still very sore, when, three days later, she joined me +with a smiling face and as merry as a lark. Everything was forgotten, +and we were like a pair of honeymoon lovers. Just as we were parting she +said, â€There’s a _fete_ at Cordova; I shall go and see it, and then I +shall know what people will be coming away with money, and I can warn +you.’ + +“I let her go. When I was alone I thought about the _fete_, and about +the change in Carmen’s temper. â€She must have avenged herself already,’ +said I to myself, â€since she was the first to make our quarrel up.’ A +peasant told me there was to be bull-fighting at Cordova. Then my blood +began to boil, and I went off like a madman straight to the bull-ring. I +had Lucas pointed out to me, and on the bench, just beside the barrier, +I recognised Carmen. One glance at her was enough to turn my suspicion +into certainty. When the first bull appeared Lucas began, as I had +expected to play the agreeable; he snatched the cockade off the bull and +presented it to Carmen, who put it in her hair at once.* + + * _La divisa_. A knot of ribbon, the colour of which + indicates the pasturage from which each bull comes. This + knot of ribbon is fastened into the bull’s hide with a sort + of hook, and it is considered the very height of gallantry + to snatch it off the living beast and present it to a woman. + +“The bull avenged me. Lucas was knocked down, with his horse on his +chest, and the bull on top of both of them. I looked for Carmen, she had +disappeared from her place already. I couldn’t get out of mine, and I +was obliged to wait until the bull-fight was over. Then I went off to +that house you already know, and waited there quietly all that evening +and part of the night. Toward two o’clock in the morning Carmen came +back, and was rather surprised to see me. + +“â€Come with me,’ said I. + +“â€Very well,’ said she, â€let’s be off.’ + +“I went and got my horse, and took her up behind me, and we travelled +all the rest of the night without saying a word to each other. When +daylight came we stopped at a lonely inn, not far from a hermitage. +There I said to Carmen: + +“â€Listen--I forget everything, I won’t mention anything to you. But +swear one thing to me--that you’ll come with me to America, and live +there quietly!’ + +“â€No,’ said she, in a sulky voice, â€I won’t go to America--I am very +well here.’ + +“â€That’s because you’re near Lucas. But be very sure that even if +he gets well now, he won’t make old bones. And, indeed, why should I +quarrel with him? I’m tired of killing all your lovers; I’ll kill you +this time.’ + +“She looked at me steadily with her wild eyes, and then she said: + +“â€I’ve always thought you would kill me. The very first time I saw you I +had just met a priest at the door of my house. And to-night, as we were +going out of Cordova, didn’t you see anything? A hare ran across the +road between your horse’s feet. It is fate.’ + +“â€Carmencita,’ I asked, â€don’t you love me any more?’ + +“She gave me no answer, she was sitting cross-legged on a mat, making +marks on the ground with her finger. + +“â€Let us change our life, Carmen,’ said I imploringly. â€Let us go away +and live somewhere we shall never be parted. You know we have a hundred +and twenty gold ounces buried under an oak not far from here, and then +we have more money with Ben-Joseph the Jew.’ + +“She began to smile, and then she said, â€Me first, and then you. I know +it will happen like that.’ + +“â€Think about it,’ said I. â€I’ve come to the end of my patience and my +courage. Make up your mind--or else I must make up mine.’ + +“I left her alone and walked toward the hermitage. I found the hermit +praying. I waited till his prayer was finished. I longed to pray myself, +but I couldn’t. When he rose up from his knees I went to him. + +“â€Father,’ I said, â€will you pray for some one who is in great danger?’ + +“â€I pray for every one who is afflicted,’ he replied. + +“â€Can you say a mass for a soul which is perhaps about to go into the +presence of its Maker?’ + +“â€Yes,’ he answered, looking hard at me. + +“And as there was something strange about me, he tried to make me talk. + +“â€It seems to me that I have seen you somewhere,’ said he. + +“I laid a piastre on his bench. + +“â€When shall you say the mass?’ said I. + +“â€In half an hour. The son of the innkeeper yonder is coming to serve +it. Tell me, young man, haven’t you something on your conscience that is +tormenting you? Will you listen to a Christian’s counsel?’ + +“I could hardly restrain my tears. I told him I would come back, and +hurried away. I went and lay down on the grass until I heard the bell. +Then I went back to the chapel, but I stayed outside it. When he had +said the mass, I went back to the _venta_. I was hoping Carmen would +have fled. She could have taken my horse and ridden away. But I found +her there still. She did not choose that any one should say I had +frightened her. While I had been away she had unfastened the hem of her +gown and taken out the lead that weighted it; and now she was sitting +before a table, looking into a bowl of water into which she had just +thrown the lead she had melted. She was so busy with her spells that at +first she didn’t notice my return. Sometimes she would take out a bit of +lead and turn it round every way with a melancholy look. Sometimes she +would sing one of those magic songs, which invoke the help of Maria +Padella, Don Pedro’s mistress, who is said to have been the _Bari +Crallisa_--the great gipsy queen.* + + * Maria Padella was accused of having bewitched Don Pedro. + According to one popular tradition she presented Queen + Blanche of Bourbon with a golden girdle which, in the eyes + of the bewitched king, took on the appearance of a living + snake. Hence the repugnance he always showed toward the + unhappy princess. + +“â€Carmen,’ I said to her, â€will you come with me?’ She rose, threw away +her wooden bowl, and put her mantilla over her head ready to start. My +horse was led up, she mounted behind me, and we rode away. + +“After we had gone a little distance I said to her, â€So, my Carmen, you +are quite ready to follow me, isn’t that so?’ + +“She answered, â€Yes, I’ll follow you, even to death--but I won’t live +with you any more.’ + +“We had reached a lonely gorge. I stopped my horse. + +“â€Is this the place?’ she said. + +“And with a spring she reached the ground. She took off her mantilla and +threw it at her feet, and stood motionless, with one hand on her hip, +looking at me steadily. + +“â€You mean to kill me, I see that well,’ said she. â€It is fate. But +you’ll never make me give in.’ + +“I said to her: â€Be rational, I implore you; listen to me. All the +past is forgotten. Yet you know it is you who have been my ruin--it is +because of you that I am a robber and a murderer. Carmen, my Carmen, let +me save you, and save myself with you.’ + +“â€Jose,’ she answered, â€what you ask is impossible. I don’t love you +any more. You love me still, and that is why you want to kill me. If +I liked, I might tell you some other lie, but I don’t choose to give +myself the trouble. Everything is over between us two. You are my _rom_, +and you have the right to kill your _romi_, but Carmen will always be +free. A _calli_ she was born, and a _calli_ she’ll die.’ + +“â€Then, you love Lucas?’ I asked. + +“â€Yes, I have loved him--as I loved you--for an instant--less than I +loved you, perhaps. But now I don’t love anything, and I hate myself for +ever having loved you.’ + +“I cast myself at her feet, I seized her hands, I watered them with my +tears, I reminded her of all the happy moments we had spent together, +I offered to continue my brigand’s life, if that would please her. +Everything, sir, everything--I offered her everything if she would only +love me again. + +“She said: + +“â€Love you again? That’s not possible! Live with you? I will not do it!’ + +“I was wild with fury. I drew my knife, I would have had her look +frightened, and sue for mercy--but that woman was a demon. + +“I cried, â€For the last time I ask you. Will you stay with me?’ + +“â€No! no! no!’ she said, and she stamped her foot. + +“Then she pulled a ring I had given her off her finger, and cast it into +the brushwood. + +“I struck her twice over--I had taken Garcia’s knife, because I had +broken my own. At the second thrust she fell without a sound. It seems +to me that I can still see her great black eyes staring at me. Then they +grew dim and the lids closed. + +“For a good hour I lay there prostrate beside her corpse. Then I +recollected that Carmen had often told me that she would like to lie +buried in a wood. I dug a grave for her with my knife and laid her in +it. I hunted about a long time for her ring, and I found it at last. +I put it into the grave beside her, with a little cross--perhaps I did +wrong. Then I got upon my horse, galloped to Cordova, and gave myself up +at the nearest guard-room. I told them I had killed Carmen, but I would +not tell them where her body was. That hermit was a holy man! He prayed +for her--he said a mass for her soul. Poor child! It’s the _calle_ who +are to blame for having brought her up as they did.” + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over +Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so +forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers. Most of these people +live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern +provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom +of Murcia. There are a great many of them in Catalonia. These last +frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our +southern fairs. The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, +mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and +brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices. +The women tell fortunes, beg, and sell all sorts of drugs, some of which +are innocent, while some are not. The physical characteristics of the +gipsies are more easily distinguished then described, and when you have +known one, you should be able to recognise a member of the race among +a thousand other men. It is by their physiognomy and expression, +especially, that they differ from the other inhabitants of the same +country. Their complexion is exceedingly swarthy, always darker than +that of the race among whom they live. Hence the name of _cale_ (blacks) +which they frequently apply to themselves.* Their eyes, set with a +decided slant, are large, very black, and shaded by long and heavy +lashes. Their glance can only be compared to that of a wild creature. It +is full at once of boldness and shyness, and in this respect their eyes +are a fair indication of their national character, which is cunning, +bold, but with “the natural fear of blows,” like Panurge. Most of the +men are strapping fellows, slight and active. I don’t think I ever saw +a gipsy who had grown fat. In Germany the gipsy women are often very +pretty; but beauty is very uncommon among the Spanish gitanas. When very +young, they may pass as being attractive in their ugliness, but once +they have reached motherhood, they become absolutely repulsive. The +filthiness of both sexes is incredible, and no one who has not seen a +gipsy matron’s hair can form any conception of what it is, not even +if he conjures up the roughest, the greasiest, and the dustiest heads +imaginable. In some of the large Andalusian towns certain of the gipsy +girls, somewhat better looking than their fellows, will take more care +of their personal appearance. These go out and earn money by performing +dances strongly resembling those forbidden at our public balls in +carnival time. An English missionary, Mr. Borrow, the author of two very +interesting works on the Spanish gipsies, whom he undertook to convert +on behalf of the Bible Society, declares there is no instance of any +gitana showing the smallest weakness for a man not belonging to her +own race. The praise he bestows upon their chastity strikes me as being +exceedingly exaggerated. In the first place, the great majority are +in the position of the ugly woman described by Ovid, “_Casta quam nemo +rogavit_.” As for the pretty ones, they are, like all Spanish women, +very fastidious in choosing their lovers. Their fancy must be taken, +and their favour must be earned. Mr. Borrow quotes, in proof of their +virtue, one trait which does honour to his own, and especially to his +simplicity: he declares that an immoral man of his acquaintance offered +several gold ounces to a pretty gitana, and offered them in vain. An +Andalusian, to whom I retailed this anecdote, asserted that the immoral +man in question would have been far more successful if he had shown the +girl two or three piastres, and that to offer gold ounces to a gipsy was +as poor a method of persuasion as to promise a couple of millions to a +tavern wench. However that may be, it is certain that the gitana shows +the most extraordinary devotion to her husband. There is no danger and +no suffering she will not brave, to help him in his need. One of the +names which the gipsies apply to themselves, _Rome_, or “the married +couple,” seems to me a proof of their racial respect for the married +state. Speaking generally, it may be asserted that their chief virtue is +their patriotism--if we may thus describe the fidelity they observe in +all their relations with persons of the same origin as their own, their +readiness to help one another, and the inviolable secrecy which they +keep for each other’s benefit, in all compromising matters. And indeed +something of the same sort may be noticed in all mysterious associations +which are beyond the pale of the law. + + * It has struck me that the German gipsies, though they + thoroughly understand the word _cale_, do not care to be + called by that name. Among themselves they always use the + designation _Romane tchave_. + +Some months ago, I paid a visit to a gipsy tribe in the Vosges country. +In the hut of an old woman, the oldest member of the tribe, I found +a gipsy, in no way related to the family, who was sick of a mortal +disease. The man had left a hospital, where he was well cared for, so +that he might die among his own people. For thirteen weeks he had been +lying in bed in their encampment, and receiving far better treatment +than any of the sons and sons-in-law who shared his shelter. He had a +good bed made of straw and moss, and sheets that were tolerably white, +whereas all the rest of the family, which numbered eleven persons, slept +on planks three feet long. So much for their hospitality. This very same +woman, humane as was her treatment of her guest said to me constantly +before the sick man: “_Singo, singo, homte hi mulo_.” “Soon, soon he +must die!” After all, these people live such miserable lives, that a +reference to the approach of death can have no terrors for them. + +One remarkable feature in the gipsy character is their indifference +about religion. Not that they are strong-minded or sceptical. They +have never made any profession of atheism. Far from that, indeed, the +religion of the country which they inhabit is always theirs; but they +change their religion when they change the country of their residence. +They are equally free from the superstitions which replace religious +feeling in the minds of the vulgar. How, indeed, can superstition exist +among a race which, as a rule, makes its livelihood out of the credulity +of others? Nevertheless, I have remarked a particular horror of touching +a corpse among the Spanish gipsies. Very few of these could be induced +to carry a dead man to his grave, even if they were paid for it. + +I have said that most gipsy women undertake to tell fortunes. They do +this very successfully. But they find a much greater source of profit +in the sale of charms and love-philters. Not only do they supply toads’ +claws to hold fickle hearts, and powdered loadstone to kindle love in +cold ones, but if necessity arises, they can use mighty incantations, +which force the devil to lend them his aid. Last year the following +story was related to me by a Spanish lady. She was walking one day along +the _Calle d’Alcala_, feeling very sad and anxious. A gipsy woman who +was squatting on the pavement called out to her, “My pretty lady, your +lover has played you false!” (It was quite true.) “Shall I get him +back for you?” My readers will imagine with what joy the proposal was +accepted, and how complete was the confidence inspired by a person who +could thus guess the inmost secrets of the heart. As it would have been +impossible to proceed to perform the operations of magic in the most +crowded street in Madrid, a meeting was arranged for the next day. +“Nothing will be easier than to bring back the faithless one to your +feet!” said the gitana. “Do you happen to have a handkerchief, a scarf, +or a mantilla, that he gave you?” A silken scarf was handed her. “Now +sew a piastre into one corner of the scarf with crimson silk--sew half +a piastre into another corner--sew a peseta here--and a two-real piece +there; then, in the middle you must sew a gold coin--a doubloon would be +best.” The doubloon and all the other coins were duly sewn in. “Now give +me the scarf, and I’ll take it to the Campo Santo when midnight strikes. +You come along with me, if you want to see a fine piece of witchcraft. +I promise you shall see the man you love to-morrow!” The gipsy departed +alone for the Campo Santo, since my Spanish friend was too much afraid +of witchcraft to go there with her. I leave my readers to guess whether +my poor forsaken lady ever saw her lover, or her scarf, again. + +In spite of their poverty and the sort of aversion they inspire, the +gipsies are treated with a certain amount of consideration by the more +ignorant folk, and they are very proud of it. They feel themselves to be +a superior race as regards intelligence, and they heartily despise the +people whose hospitality they enjoy. “These Gentiles are so stupid,” + said one of the Vosges gipsies to me, “that there is no credit in taking +them in. The other day a peasant woman called out to me in the street. +I went into her house. Her stove smoked and she asked me to give her a +charm to cure it. First of all I made her give me a good bit of bacon, +and then I began to mumble a few words in _Romany_. â€You’re a fool,’ I +said, â€you were born a fool, and you’ll die a fool!’ When I had got near +the door I said to her, in good German, â€The most certain way of keeping +your stove from smoking is not to light any fire in it!’ and then I took +to my heels.” + +The history of the gipsies is still a problem. We know, indeed, that +their first bands, which were few and far between, appeared in Eastern +Europe towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. But nobody can +tell whence they started, or why they came to Europe, and, what is still +more extraordinary, no one knows how they multiplied, within a short +time, and in so prodigious a fashion, and in several countries, all +very remote from each other. The gipsies themselves have preserved no +tradition whatsoever as to their origin, and though most of them do +speak of Egypt as their original fatherland, that is only because they +have adopted a very ancient fable respecting their race. + +Most of the Orientalists who have studied the gipsy language believe +that the cradle of the race was in India. It appears, in fact, that +many of the roots and grammatical forms of the _Romany_ tongue are to +be found in idioms derived from the Sanskrit. As may be imagined, the +gipsies, during their long wanderings, have adopted many foreign words. +In every _Romany_ dialect a number of Greek words appear. + +At the present day the gipsies have almost as many dialects as there are +separate hordes of their race. Everywhere, they speak the language of +the country they inhabit more easily than their own idiom, which +they seldom use, except with the object of conversing freely before +strangers. A comparison of the dialect of the German gipsies with that +used by the Spanish gipsies, who have held no communication with each +other for several centuries, reveals the existence of a great number of +words common to both. But everywhere the original language is notably +affected, though in different degrees, by its contact with the more +cultivated languages into the use of which the nomads have been forced. +German in one case and Spanish in the other have so modified the +_Romany_ groundwork that it would not be possible for a gipsy from the +Black Forest to converse with one of his Andalusian brothers, although a +few sentences on each side would suffice to convince them that each was +speaking a dialect of the same language. Certain words in very frequent +use are, I believe, common to every dialect. Thus, in every vocabulary +which I have been able to consult, _pani_ means water, _manro_ means +bread, _mas_ stands for meat, and _lon_ for salt. + +The nouns of number are almost the same in every case. The German +dialect seems to me much purer than the Spanish, for it has preserved +numbers of the primitive grammatical forms, whereas the Gitanos have +adopted those of the Castilian tongue. Nevertheless, some words are an +exception, as though to prove that the language was originally common +to all. The preterite of the German dialect is formed by adding _ium_ +to the imperative, which is always the root of the verb. In the +Spanish _Romany_ the verbs are all conjugated on the model of the first +conjugation of the Castilian verbs. From _jamar_, the infinitive of “to +eat,” the regular conjugation should be _jame_, “I have eaten.” From +_lillar_, “to take,” _lille_, “I have taken.” Yet, some old gipsies +say, as an exception, _jayon_ and _lillon_. I am not acquainted with any +other verbs which have preserved this ancient form. + +While I am thus showing off my small acquaintance with the _Romany_ +language, I must notice a few words of French slang which our thieves +have borrowed from the gipsies. From _Les Mysteres de Paris_ honest +folk have learned that the word _chourin_ means “a knife.” This is +pure _Romany_--_tchouri_ is one of the words which is common to every +dialect. Monsieur Vidocq calls a horse _gres_--this again is a gipsy +word--_gras_, _gre_, _graste_, and _gris_. Add to this the word +_romanichel_, by which the gipsies are described in Parisian slang. +This is a corruption of _romane tchave_--“gipsy lads.” But a piece of +etymology of which I am really proud is that of the word _frimousse_, +“face,” “countenance”--a word which every schoolboy uses, or did use, in +my time. Note, in the first place, the Oudin, in his curious dictionary, +published in 1640, wrote the word _firlimouse_. Now in _Romany_, +_firla_, or _fila_, stands for “face,” and has the same meaning--it +is exactly the _os_ of the Latins. The combination of _firlamui_ was +instantly understood by a genuine gipsy, and I believe it to be true to +the spirit of the gipsy language. + +I have surely said enough to give the readers of Carmen a favourable +idea of my _Romany_ studies. I will conclude with the following proverb, +which comes in very appropriately: _En retudi panda nasti abela macha_. +“Between closed lips no fly can pass.” + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + +***** This file should be named 2465-0.txt or 2465-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/2465/ + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project +Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” + or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project +Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +“Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right +of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you â€AS-IS’ WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm’s +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. + +The Foundation’s principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation’s web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.zip b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4c8960 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-0.zip diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.txt b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa8cf56 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2830 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Carmen + +Author: Prosper Merimee + +Translator: Lady Mary Loyd + +Release Date: March 28, 2006 [EBook #2465] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + + + + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers + + + + + +CARMEN + +by Prosper Merimee + + +Translated by Lady Mary Loyd + + + + +CHAPTER I + +I had always suspected the geographical authorities did not know what +they were talking about when they located the battlefield of Munda in +the county of the Bastuli-Poeni, close to the modern Monda, some two +leagues north of Marbella. + +According to my own surmise, founded on the text of the anonymous author +of the _Bellum Hispaniense_, and on certain information culled from the +excellent library owned by the Duke of Ossuna, I believed the site of +the memorable struggle in which Caesar played double or quits, once and +for all, with the champions of the Republic, should be sought in the +neighbourhood of Montilla. + +Happening to be in Andalusia during the autumn of 1830, I made a +somewhat lengthy excursion, with the object of clearing up certain +doubts which still oppressed me. A paper which I shall shortly publish +will, I trust, remove any hesitation that may still exist in the minds +of all honest archaeologists. But before that dissertation of mine +finally settles the geographical problem on the solution of which the +whole of learned Europe hangs, I desire to relate a little tale. It will +do no prejudice to the interesting question of the correct locality of +Monda. + +I had hired a guide and a couple of horses at Cordova, and had +started on my way with no luggage save a few shirts, and Caesar's +_Commentaries_. As I wandered, one day, across the higher lands of the +Cachena plain, worn with fatigue, parched with thirst, scorched by a +burning sun, cursing Caesar and Pompey's sons alike, most heartily, my +eye lighted, at some distance from the path I was following, on a little +stretch of green sward dotted with reeds and rushes. That betokened the +neighbourhood of some spring, and, indeed, as I drew nearer I perceived +that what had looked like sward was a marsh, into which a stream, which +seemed to issue from a narrow gorge between two high spurs of the Sierra +di Cabra, ran and disappeared. + +If I rode up that stream, I argued, I was likely to find cooler water, +fewer leeches and frogs, and mayhap a little shade among the rocks. + +At the mouth of the gorge, my horse neighed, and another horse, +invisible to me, neighed back. Before I had advanced a hundred paces, +the gorge suddenly widened, and I beheld a sort of natural amphitheatre, +thoroughly shaded by the steep cliffs that lay all around it. It was +impossible to imagine any more delightful halting place for a traveller. +At the foot of the precipitous rocks, the stream bubbled upward and fell +into a little basin, lined with sand that was as white as snow. Five or +six splendid evergreen oaks, sheltered from the wind, and cooled by the +spring, grew beside the pool, and shaded it with their thick foliage. +And round about it a close and glossy turf offered the wanderer a better +bed than he could have found in any hostelry for ten leagues round. + +The honour of discovering this fair spot did not belong to me. A man was +resting there already--sleeping, no doubt--before I reached it. Roused +by the neighing of the horses, he had risen to his feet and had moved +over to his mount, which had been taking advantage of its master's +slumbers to make a hearty feed on the grass that grew around. He was an +active young fellow, of middle height, but powerful in build, and proud +and sullen-looking in expression. His complexion, which may once have +been fine, had been tanned by the sun till it was darker than his hair. +One of his hands grasped his horse's halter. In the other he held a +brass blunderbuss. + +At the first blush, I confess, the blunderbuss, and the savage looks +of the man who bore it, somewhat took me aback. But I had heard so much +about robbers, that, never seeing any, I had ceased to believe in their +existence. And further, I had seen so many honest farmers arm themselves +to the teeth before they went out to market, that the sight of firearms +gave me no warrant for doubting the character of any stranger. "And +then," quoth I to myself, "what could he do with my shirts and my +Elzevir edition of Caesar's _Commentaries_?" So I bestowed a friendly +nod on the man with the blunderbuss, and inquired, with a smile, whether +I had disturbed his nap. Without any answer, he looked me over from +head to foot. Then, as if the scrutiny had satisfied him, he looked as +closely at my guide, who was just coming up. I saw the guide turn pale, +and pull up with an air of evident alarm. "An unlucky meeting!" thought +I to myself. But prudence instantly counselled me not to let any symptom +of anxiety escape me. So I dismounted. I told the guide to take off the +horses' bridles, and kneeling down beside the spring, I laved my head +and hands and then drank a long draught, lying flat on my belly, like +Gideon's soldiers. + +Meanwhile, I watched the stranger, and my own guide. This last seemed to +come forward unwillingly. But the other did not appear to have any evil +designs upon us. For he had turned his horse loose, and the blunderbuss, +which he had been holding horizontally, was now dropped earthward. + +Not thinking it necessary to take offence at the scant attention paid +me, I stretched myself full length upon the grass, and calmly asked the +owner of the blunderbuss whether he had a light about him. At the same +time I pulled out my cigar-case. The stranger, still without opening his +lips, took out his flint, and lost no time in getting me a light. He was +evidently growing tamer, for he sat down opposite to me, though he still +grasped his weapon. When I had lighted my cigar, I chose out the best I +had left, and asked him whether he smoked. + +"Yes, senor," he replied. These were the first words I had heard him +speak, and I noticed that he did not pronounce the letter _s_* in the +Andalusian fashion, whence I concluded he was a traveller, like myself, +though, maybe, somewhat less of an archaeologist. + + * The Andalusians aspirate the _s_, and pronounce it like + the soft _c_ and the _z_, which Spaniards pronounce like the + English _th_. An Andalusian may always be recognised by the + way in which he says _senor_. + +"You'll find this a fairly good one," said I, holding out a real Havana +regalia. + +He bowed his head slightly, lighted his cigar at mine, thanked me +with another nod, and began to smoke with a most lively appearance of +enjoyment. + +"Ah!" he exclaimed, as he blew his first puff of smoke slowly out of his +ears and nostrils. "What a time it is since I've had a smoke!" + +In Spain the giving and accepting of a cigar establishes bonds of +hospitality similar to those founded in Eastern countries on the +partaking of bread and salt. My friend turned out more talkative than +I had hoped. However, though he claimed to belong to the _partido_ of +Montilla, he seemed very ill-informed about the country. He did not know +the name of the delightful valley in which we were sitting, he could +not tell me the names of any of the neighbouring villages, and when I +inquired whether he had not noticed any broken-down walls, broad-rimmed +tiles, or carved stones in the vicinity, he confessed he had never paid +any heed to such matters. On the other hand, he showed himself an expert +in horseflesh, found fault with my mount--not a difficult affair--and +gave me a pedigree of his own, which had come from the famous stud at +Cordova. It was a splendid creature, indeed, so tough, according to +its owner's claim, that it had once covered thirty leagues in one day, +either at the gallop or at full trot the whole time. In the midst of his +story the stranger pulled up short, as if startled and sorry he had said +so much. "The fact is I was in a great hurry to get to Cordova," he +went on, somewhat embarrassed. "I had to petition the judges about a +lawsuit." As he spoke, he looked at my guide Antonio, who had dropped +his eyes. + +The spring and the cool shade were so delightful that I bethought me +of certain slices of an excellent ham, which my friends at Montilla had +packed into my guide's wallet. I bade him produce them, and invited the +stranger to share our impromptu lunch. If he had not smoked for a long +time, he certainly struck me as having fasted for eight-and-forty hours +at the very least. He ate like a starving wolf, and I thought to myself +that my appearance must really have been quite providential for the poor +fellow. Meanwhile my guide ate but little, drank still less, and spoke +never a word, although in the earlier part of our journey he had proved +himself a most unrivalled chatterer. He seemed ill at ease in the +presence of our guest, and a sort of mutual distrust, the cause of which +I could not exactly fathom, seemed to be between them. + +The last crumbs of bread and scraps of ham had disappeared. We had each +smoked our second cigar; I told the guide to bridle the horses, and was +just about to take leave of my new friend, when he inquired where I was +going to spend the night. + +Before I had time to notice a sign my guide was making to me I had +replied that I was going to the Venta del Cuervo. + +"That's a bad lodging for a gentleman like you, sir! I'm bound there +myself, and if you'll allow me to ride with you, we'll go together." + +"With pleasure!" I replied, mounting my horse. The guide, who was +holding my stirrup, looked at me meaningly again. I answered by +shrugging my shoulders, as though to assure him I was perfectly easy in +my mind, and we started on our way. + +Antonio's mysterious signals, his evident anxiety, a few words dropped +by the stranger, above all, his ride of thirty leagues, and the far from +plausible explanation he had given us of it, had already enabled me +to form an opinion as to the identity of my fellow-traveller. I had +no doubt at all I was in the company of a smuggler, and possibly of a +brigand. What cared I? I knew enough of the Spanish character to be very +certain I had nothing to fear from a man who had eaten and smoked +with me. His very presence would protect me in case of any undesirable +meeting. And besides, I was very glad to know what a brigand was really +like. One doesn't come across such gentry every day. And there is a +certain charm about finding one's self in close proximity to a dangerous +being, especially when one feels the being in question to be gentle and +tame. + +I was hoping the stranger might gradually fall into a confidential +mood, and in spite of my guide's winks, I turned the conversation to +the subject of highwaymen. I need scarcely say that I spoke of them with +great respect. At that time there was a famous brigand in Andalusia, of +the name of Jose-Maria, whose exploits were on every lip. "Supposing I +should be riding along with Jose-Maria!" said I to myself. I told all +the stories I knew about the hero--they were all to his credit, indeed, +and loudly expressed my admiration of his generosity and his valour. + +"Jose-Maria is nothing but a blackguard," said the stranger gravely. + +"Is he just to himself, or is this an excess of modesty?" I queried, +mentally, for by dint of scrutinizing my companion, I had ended by +reconciling his appearance with the description of Jose-Maria which I +read posted up on the gates of various Andalusian towns. "Yes, this must +be he--fair hair, blue eyes, large mouth, good teeth, small hands, fine +shirt, a velvet jacket with silver buttons on it, white leather gaiters, +and a bay horse. Not a doubt about it. But his _incognito_ shall be +respected!" We reached the _venta_. It was just what he had described +to me. In other words, the most wretched hole of its kind I had as yet +beheld. One large apartment served as kitchen, dining-room, and sleeping +chamber. A fire was burning on a flat stone in the middle of the room, +and the smoke escaped through a hole in the roof, or rather hung in a +cloud some feet above the soil. Along the walls five or six mule rugs +were spread on the floor. These were the travellers' beds. Twenty paces +from the house, or rather from the solitary apartment which I have just +described, stood a sort of shed, that served for a stable. + +The only inhabitants of this delightful dwelling visible at the moment, +at all events, were an old woman, and a little girl of ten or twelve +years old, both of them as black as soot, and dressed in loathsome rags. +"Here's the sole remnant of the ancient populations of Munda Boetica," +said I to myself. "O Caesar! O Sextus Pompeius, if you were to revisit +this earth how astounded you would be!" + +When the old woman saw my travelling companion an exclamation of +surprise escaped her. "Ah! Senor Don Jose!" she cried. + +Don Jose frowned and lifted his hand with a gesture of authority that +forthwith silenced the old dame. + +I turned to my guide and gave him to understand, by a sign that no one +else perceived, that I knew all about the man in whose company I was +about to spend the night. Our supper was better than I expected. On +a little table, only a foot high, we were served with an old rooster, +fricasseed with rice and numerous peppers, then more peppers in oil, +and finally a _gaspacho_--a sort of salad made of peppers. These three +highly spiced dishes involved our frequent recourse to a goatskin filled +with Montella wine, which struck us as being delicious. + +After our meal was over, I caught sight of a mandolin hanging up against +the wall--in Spain you see mandolins in every corner--and I asked the +little girl, who had been waiting on us, if she knew how to play it. + +"No," she replied. "But Don Jose does play well!" + +"Do me the kindness to sing me something," I said to him, "I'm +passionately fond of your national music." + +"I can't refuse to do anything for such a charming gentleman, who gives +me such excellent cigars," responded Don Jose gaily, and having made +the child give him the mandolin, he sang to his own accompaniment. His +voice, though rough, was pleasing, the air he sang was strange and sad. +As to the words, I could not understand a single one of them. + +"If I am not mistaken," said I, "that's not a Spanish air you have just +been singing. It's like the _zorzicos_ I've heard in the Provinces,* and +the words must be in the Basque language." + +* The _privileged Provinces_, Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa, and a part of +Navarre, which all enjoy special _fueros_. The Basque language is spoken +in these countries. + +"Yes," said Don Jose, with a gloomy look. He laid the mandolin down on +the ground, and began staring with a peculiarly sad expression at the +dying fire. His face, at once fierce and noble-looking, reminded me, +as the firelight fell on it, of Milton's Satan. Like him, perchance, +my comrade was musing over the home he had forfeited, the exile he had +earned, by some misdeed. I tried to revive the conversation, but so +absorbed was he in melancholy thought, that he gave me no answer. + +The old woman had already gone to rest in a corner of the room, behind +a ragged rug hung on a rope. The little girl had followed her into this +retreat, sacred to the fair sex. Then my guide rose, and suggested that +I should go with him to the stable. But at the word Don Jose, waking, as +it were, with a start, inquired sharply whither he was going. + +"To the stable," answered the guide. + +"What for? The horses have been fed! You can sleep here. The senor will +give you leave." + +"I'm afraid the senor's horse is sick. I'd like the senor to see it. +Perhaps he'd know what should be done for it." + +It was quite clear to me that Antonio wanted to speak to me apart. + +But I did not care to rouse Don Jose's suspicions, and being as we +were, I thought far the wisest course for me was to appear absolutely +confident. + +I therefore told Antonio that I knew nothing on earth about horses, and +that I was desperately sleepy. Don Jose followed him to the stable, and +soon returned alone. He told me there was nothing the matter with the +horse, but that my guide considered the animal such a treasure that he +was scrubbing it with his jacket to make it sweat, and expected to spend +the night in that pleasing occupation. Meanwhile I had stretched myself +out on the mule rugs, having carefully wrapped myself up in my own +cloak, so as to avoid touching them. Don Jose, having begged me to +excuse the liberty he took in placing himself so near me, lay down +across the door, but not until he had primed his blunderbuss afresh and +carefully laid it under the wallet, which served him as a pillow. + +I had thought I was so tired that I should be able to sleep even in such +a lodging. But within an hour a most unpleasant itching sensation roused +me from my first nap. As soon as I realized its nature, I rose to my +feet, feeling convinced I should do far better to spend the rest of +the night in the open air than beneath that inhospitable roof. Walking +tiptoe I reached the door, stepped over Don Jose, who was sleeping the +sleep of the just, and managed so well that I got outside the building +without waking him. Just beside the door there was a wide wooden +bench. I lay down upon it, and settled myself, as best I could, for the +remainder of the night. I was just closing my eyes for a second time +when I fancied I saw the shadow of a man and then the shadow of a horse +moving absolutely noiselessly, one behind the other. I sat upright, and +then I thought I recognised Antonio. Surprised to see him outside the +stable at such an hour, I got up and went toward him. He had seen me +first, and had stopped to wait for me. + +"Where is he?" Antonio inquired in a low tone. + +"In the _venta_. He's asleep. The bugs don't trouble him. But what are +you going to do with that horse?" I then noticed that, to stifle all +noise as he moved out of the shed, Antonio had carefully muffled the +horse's feet in the rags of an old blanket. + +"Speak lower, for God's sake," said Antonio. "You don't know who that +man is. He's Jose Navarro, the most noted bandit in Andalusia. I've been +making signs to you all day long, and you wouldn't understand." + +"What do I care whether he's a brigand or not," I replied. "He hasn't +robbed us, and I'll wager he doesn't want to." + +"That may be. But there are two hundred ducats on his head. Some lancers +are stationed in a place I know, a league and a half from here, and +before daybreak I'll bring a few brawny fellows back with me. I'd have +taken his horse away, but the brute's so savage that nobody but Navarro +can go near it." + +"Devil take you!" I cried. "What harm has the poor fellow done you that +you should want to inform against him? And besides, are you certain he +is the brigand you take him for?" + +"Perfectly certain! He came after me into the stable just now, and said, +'You seem to know me. If you tell that good gentleman who I am, I'll +blow your brains out!' You stay here, sir, keep close to him. You've +nothing to fear. As long as he knows you are there, he won't suspect +anything." + +As we talked, we had moved so far from the _venta_ that the noise of the +horse's hoofs could not be heard there. In a twinkling Antonio snatched +off the rags he had wrapped around the creature's feet, and was just +about to climb on its back. In vain did I attempt with prayers and +threats to restrain him. + +"I'm only a poor man, senor," quoth he, "I can't afford to lose two +hundred ducats--especially when I shall earn them by ridding the country +of such vermin. But mind what you're about! If Navarro wakes up, he'll +snatch at his blunderbuss, and then look out for yourself! I've gone too +far now to turn back. Do the best you can for yourself!" + +The villain was in his saddle already, he spurred his horse smartly, and +I soon lost sight of them both in the darkness. + +I was very angry with my guide, and terribly alarmed as well. After a +moment's reflection, I made up my mind, and went back to the _venta_. +Don Jose was still sound asleep, making up, no doubt, for the fatigue +and sleeplessness of several days of adventure. I had to shake him +roughly before I could wake him up. Never shall I forget his fierce +look, and the spring he made to get hold of his blunderbuss, which, as a +precautionary measure, I had removed to some distance from his couch. + +"Senor," I said, "I beg your pardon for disturbing you. But I have a +silly question to ask you. Would you be glad to see half a dozen lancers +walk in here?" + +He bounded to his feet, and in an awful voice he demanded: + +"Who told you?" + +"It's little matter whence the warning comes, so long as it be good." + +"Your guide has betrayed me--but he shall pay for it! Where is he?" + +"I don't know. In the stable, I fancy. But somebody told me--" + +"Who told you? It can't be the old hag--" + +"Some one I don't know. Without more parleying, tell me, yes or no, have +you any reason for not waiting till the soldiers come? If you have +any, lose no time! If not, good-night to you, and forgive me for having +disturbed your slumbers!" + +"Ah, your guide! Your guide! I had my doubts of him at first--but--I'll +settle with him! Farewell, senor. May God reward you for the service +I owe you! I am not quite so wicked as you think me. Yes, I still have +something in me that an honest man may pity. Farewell, senor! I have +only one regret--that I can not pay my debt to you!" + +"As a reward for the service I have done you, Don Jose, promise me +you'll suspect nobody--nor seek for vengeance. Here are some cigars for +your journey. Good luck to you." And I held out my hand to him. + +He squeezed it, without a word, took up his wallet and blunderbuss, and +after saying a few words to the old woman in a lingo that I could not +understand, he ran out to the shed. A few minutes later, I heard him +galloping out into the country. + +As for me, I lay down again on my bench, but I did not go to sleep +again. I queried in my own mind whether I had done right to save a +robber, and possibly a murderer, from the gallows, simply and solely +because I had eaten ham and rice in his company. Had I not betrayed my +guide, who was supporting the cause of law and order? Had I not +exposed him to a ruffian's vengeance? But then, what about the laws of +hospitality? + +"A mere savage prejudice," said I to myself. "I shall have to answer for +all the crimes this brigand may commit in future." Yet is that instinct +of the conscience which resists every argument really a prejudice? It +may be I could not have escaped from the delicate position in which I +found myself without remorse of some kind. I was still tossed to and +fro, in the greatest uncertainty as to the morality of my behaviour, +when I saw half a dozen horsemen ride up, with Antonio prudently lagging +behind them. I went to meet them, and told them the brigand had fled +over two hours previously. The old woman, when she was questioned by the +sergeant, admitted that she knew Navarro, but said that living alone, +as she did, she would never have dared to risk her life by informing +against him. She added that when he came to her house, he habitually +went away in the middle of the night. I, for my part, was made to ride +to a place some leagues away, where I showed my passport, and signed a +declaration before the _Alcalde_. This done, I was allowed to recommence +my archaeological investigations. Antonio was sulky with me; suspecting +it was I who had prevented his earning those two hundred ducats. +Nevertheless, we parted good friends at Cordova, where I gave him as +large a gratuity as the state of my finances would permit. + + + +CHAPTER II + +I spent several days at Cordova. I had been told of a certain manuscript +in the library of the Dominican convent which was likely to furnish me +with very interesting details about the ancient Munda. The good fathers +gave me the most kindly welcome. I spent the daylight hours within their +convent, and at night I walked about the town. At Cordova a great many +idlers collect, toward sunset, in the quay that runs along the right +bank of the Guadalquivir. Promenaders on the spot have to breathe the +odour of a tan yard which still keeps up the ancient fame of the country +in connection with the curing of leather. But to atone for this, they +enjoy a sight which has a charm of its own. A few minutes before the +Angelus bell rings, a great company of women gathers beside the river, +just below the quay, which is rather a high one. Not a man would dare +to join its ranks. The moment the Angelus rings, darkness is supposed to +have fallen. As the last stroke sounds, all the women disrobe and step +into the water. Then there is laughing and screaming and a wonderful +clatter. The men on the upper quay watch the bathers, straining +their eyes, and seeing very little. Yet the white uncertain outlines +perceptible against the dark-blue waters of the stream stir the poetic +mind, and the possessor of a little fancy finds it not difficult to +imagine that Diana and her nymphs are bathing below, while he himself +runs no risk of ending like Acteon. + +I have been told that one day a party of good-for-nothing fellows banded +themselves together, and bribed the bell-ringer at the cathedral to ring +the Angelus some twenty minutes before the proper hour. Though it was +still broad daylight, the nymphs of the Guadalquivir never hesitated, +and putting far more trust in the Angelus bell than in the sun, they +proceeded to their bathing toilette--always of the simplest--with an +easy conscience. I was not present on that occasion. In my day, the +bell-ringer was incorruptible, the twilight was very dim, and nobody but +a cat could have distinguished the difference between the oldest orange +woman, and the prettiest shop-girl, in Cordova. + +One evening, after it had grown quite dusk, I was leaning over the +parapet of the quay, smoking, when a woman came up the steps leading +from the river, and sat down near me. In her hair she wore a great +bunch of jasmine--a flower which, at night, exhales a most intoxicating +perfume. She was dressed simply, almost poorly, in black, as most +work-girls are dressed in the evening. Women of the richer class only +wear black in the daytime, at night they dress _a la francesa_. When she +drew near me, the woman let the mantilla which had covered her head +drop on her shoulders, and "by the dim light falling from the stars" I +perceived her to be young, short in stature, well-proportioned, and with +very large eyes. I threw my cigar away at once. She appreciated this +mark of courtesy, essentially French, and hastened to inform me that she +was very fond of the smell of tobacco, and that she even smoked herself, +when she could get very mild _papelitos_. I fortunately happened to have +some such in my case, and at once offered them to her. She condescended +to take one, and lighted it at a burning string which a child brought +us, receiving a copper for its pains. We mingled our smoke, and talked +so long, the fair lady and I, that we ended by being almost alone on +the quay. I thought I might venture, without impropriety, to suggest our +going to eat an ice at the _neveria_.* After a moment of modest demur, +she agreed. But before finally accepting, she desired to know what +o'clock it was. I struck my repeater, and this seemed to astound her +greatly. + + * A _café_ to which a depot of ice, or rather of snow, is + attached. There is hardly a village in Spain without its + _neveria_. + +"What clever inventions you foreigners do have! What country do you +belong to, sir? You're an Englishman, no doubt!"* + + * Every traveller in Spain who does not carry about samples + of calicoes and silks is taken for an Englishman + (_inglesito_). It is the same thing in the East. + +"I'm a Frenchman, and your devoted servant. And you, senora, or +senorita, you probably belong to Cordova?" + +"No." + +"At all events, you are an Andalusian? Your soft way of speaking makes +me think so." + +"If you notice people's accent so closely, you must be able to guess +what I am." + +"I think you are from the country of Jesus, two paces out of Paradise." + +I had learned the metaphor, which stands for Andalusia, from my friend +Francisco Sevilla, a well-known _picador_. + +"Pshaw! The people here say there is no place in Paradise for us!" + +"Then perhaps you are of Moorish blood--or----" I stopped, not venturing +to add "a Jewess." + +"Oh come! You must see I'm a gipsy! Wouldn't you like me to tell you _la +baji_?* Did you never hear tell of Carmencita? That's who I am!" + +* Your fortune. + +I was such a miscreant in those days--now fifteen years ago--that the +close proximity of a sorceress did not make me recoil in horror. "So be +it!" I thought. "Last week I ate my supper with a highway robber. To-day +I'll go and eat ices with a servant of the devil. A traveller should see +everything." I had yet another motive for prosecuting her acquaintance. +When I left college--I acknowledge it with shame--I had wasted a certain +amount of time in studying occult science, and had even attempted, more +than once, to exorcise the powers of darkness. Though I had been cured, +long since, of my passion for such investigations, I still felt a +certain attraction and curiosity with regard to all superstitions, and I +was delighted to have this opportunity of discovering how far the magic +art had developed among the gipsies. + +Talking as we went, we had reached the _neveria_, and seated ourselves +at a little table, lighted by a taper protected by a glass globe. I then +had time to take a leisurely view of my _gitana_, while several +worthy individuals, who were eating their ices, stared open-mouthed at +beholding me in such gay company. + +I very much doubt whether Senorita Carmen was a pure-blooded gipsy. At +all events, she was infinitely prettier than any other woman of her race +I have ever seen. For a women to be beautiful, they say in Spain, she +must fulfil thirty _ifs_, or, if it please you better, you must be able +to define her appearance by ten adjectives, applicable to three portions +of her person. + +For instance, three things about her must be black, her eyes, her +eyelashes, and her eyebrows. Three must be dainty, her fingers, her +lips, her hair, and so forth. For the rest of this inventory, see +Brantome. My gipsy girl could lay no claim to so many perfections. Her +skin, though perfectly smooth, was almost of a copper hue. Her eyes +were set obliquely in her head, but they were magnificent and large. Her +lips, a little full, but beautifully shaped, revealed a set of teeth as +white as newly skinned almonds. Her hair--a trifle coarse, perhaps--was +black, with blue lights on it like a raven's wing, long and glossy. Not +to weary my readers with too prolix a description, I will merely add, +that to every blemish she united some advantage, which was perhaps all +the more evident by contrast. There was something strange and wild about +her beauty. Her face astonished you, at first sight, but nobody could +forget it. Her eyes, especially, had an expression of mingled sensuality +and fierceness which I had never seen in any other human glance. +"Gipsy's eye, wolf's eye!" is a Spanish saying which denotes close +observation. If my readers have no time to go to the "Jardin des +Plantes" to study the wolf's expression, they will do well to watch the +ordinary cat when it is lying in wait for a sparrow. + +It will be understood that I should have looked ridiculous if I had +proposed to have my fortune told in a _café_. I therefore begged the +pretty witch's leave to go home with her. She made no difficulties +about consenting, but she wanted to know what o'clock it was again, and +requested me to make my repeater strike once more. + +"Is it really gold?" she said, gazing at it with rapt attention. + +When we started off again, it was quite dark. Most of the shops were +shut, and the streets were almost empty. We crossed the bridge over the +Guadalquivir, and at the far end of the suburb we stopped in front of +a house of anything but palatial appearance. The door was opened by a +child, to whom the gipsy spoke a few words in a language unknown to me, +which I afterward understood to be _Romany_, or _chipe calli_--the gipsy +idiom. The child instantly disappeared, leaving us in sole possession of +a tolerably spacious room, furnished with a small table, two stools, and +a chest. I must not forget to mention a jar of water, a pile of oranges, +and a bunch of onions. + +As soon as we were left alone, the gipsy produced, out of her chest, +a pack of cards, bearing signs of constant usage, a magnet, a dried +chameleon, and a few other indispensable adjuncts of her art. Then she +bade me cross my left hand with a silver coin, and the magic ceremonies +duly began. It is unnecessary to chronicle her predictions, and as for +the style of her performance, it proved her to be no mean sorceress. + +Unluckily we were soon disturbed. The door was suddenly burst open, +and a man, shrouded to the eyes in a brown cloak, entered the room, +apostrophizing the gipsy in anything but gentle terms. What he said I +could not catch, but the tone of his voice revealed the fact that he was +in a very evil temper. The gipsy betrayed neither surprise nor anger +at his advent, but she ran to meet him, and with a most striking +volubility, she poured out several sentences in the mysterious language +she had already used in my presence. The word _payllo_, frequently +reiterated, was the only one I understood. I knew that the gipsies use +it to describe all men not of their own race. Concluding myself to be +the subject of this discourse, I was prepared for a somewhat delicate +explanation. I had already laid my hand on the leg of one of the stools, +and was studying within myself to discover the exact moment at which I +had better throw it at his head, when, roughly pushing the gipsy to one +side, the man advanced toward me. Then with a step backward he cried: + +"What, sir! Is it you?" + +I looked at him in my turn and recognised my friend Don Jose. At that +moment I did feel rather sorry I had saved him from the gallows. + +"What, is it you, my good fellow?" I exclaimed, with as easy a smile as +I could muster. "You have interrupted this young lady just when she was +foretelling me most interesting things!" + +"The same as ever. There shall be an end to it!" he hissed between his +teeth, with a savage glance at her. + +Meanwhile the _gitana_ was still talking to him in her own tongue. She +became more and more excited. Her eyes grew fierce and bloodshot, +her features contracted, she stamped her foot. She seemed to me to be +earnestly pressing him to do something he was unwilling to do. What this +was I fancied I understood only too well, by the fashion in which she +kept drawing her little hand backward and forward under her chin. I was +inclined to think she wanted to have somebody's throat cut, and I had a +fair suspicion the throat in question was my own. To all her torrent of +eloquence Don Jose's only reply was two or three shortly spoken words. +At this the gipsy cast a glance of the most utter scorn at him, then, +seating herself Turkish-fashion in a corner of the room, she picked out +an orange, tore off the skin, and began to eat it. + +Don Jose took hold of my arm, opened the door, and led me into the +street. We walked some two hundred paces in the deepest silence. Then he +stretched out his hand. + +"Go straight on," he said, "and you'll come to the bridge." + +That instant he turned his back on me and departed at a great pace. I +took my way back to my inn, rather crestfallen, and considerably out +of temper. The worst of all was that, when I undressed, I discovered my +watch was missing. + +Various considerations prevented me from going to claim it next day, or +requesting the _Corregidor_ to be good enough to have a search made +for it. I finished my work on the Dominican manuscript, and went on +to Seville. After several months spent wandering hither and thither in +Andalusia, I wanted to get back to Madrid, and with that object I had to +pass through Cordova. I had no intention of making any stay there, for +I had taken a dislike to that fair city, and to the ladies who bathed +in the Guadalquivir. Nevertheless, I had some visits to pay, and certain +errands to do, which must detain me several days in the old capital of +the Mussulman princes. + +The moment I made my appearance in the Dominican convent, one of the +monks, who had always shown the most lively interest in my inquiries +as to the site of the battlefield of Munda, welcomed me with open arms, +exclaiming: + +"Praised be God! You are welcome! My dear friend. We all thought you +were dead, and I myself have said many a _pater_ and _ave_ (not that I +regret them!) for your soul. Then you weren't murdered, after all? That +you were robbed, we know!" + +"What do you mean?" I asked, rather astonished. + +"Oh, you know! That splendid repeater you used to strike in the library +whenever we said it was time for us to go into church. Well, it has been +found, and you'll get it back." + +"Why," I broke in, rather put out of countenance, "I lost it--" + +"The rascal's under lock and key, and as he was known to be a man who +would shoot any Christian for the sake of a _peseta_, we were +most dreadfully afraid he had killed you. I'll go with you to the +_Corregidor_, and he'll give you back your fine watch. And after that, +you won't dare to say the law doesn't do its work properly in Spain." + +"I assure you," said I, "I'd far rather lose my watch than have to +give evidence in court to hang a poor unlucky devil, and especially +because--because----" + +"Oh, you needn't be alarmed! He's thoroughly done for; they might hang +him twice over. But when I say hang, I say wrong. Your thief is an +_Hidalgo_. So he's to be garrotted the day after to-morrow, without +fail.* So you see one theft more or less won't affect his position. +Would to God he had done nothing but steal! But he has committed several +murders, one more hideous than the other." + + * In 1830, the noble class still enjoyed this privilege. + Nowadays, under the constitutional _regime_, commoners have + attained the same dignity. + +"What's his name?" + +"In this country he is only known as Jose Navarro, but he has another +Basque name, which neither your nor I will ever be able to pronounce. +By the way, the man is worth seeing, and you, who like to study the +peculiar features of each country, shouldn't lose this chance of noting +how a rascal bids farewell to this world in Spain. He is in jail, and +Father Martinez will take you to him." + +So bent was my Dominican friend on my seeing the preparations for this +"neat little hanging job" that I was fain to agree. I went to see the +prisoner, having provided myself with a bundle of cigars, which I hoped +might induce him to forgive my intrusion. + +I was ushered into Don Jose's presence just as he was sitting at table. +He greeted me with a rather distant nod, and thanked me civilly for the +present I had brought him. Having counted the cigars in the bundle I +had placed in his hand, he took out a certain number and returned me the +rest, remarking that he would not need any more of them. + +I inquired whether by laying out a little money, or by applying to +my friends, I might not be able to do something to soften his lot. He +shrugged his shoulders, to begin with, smiling sadly. Soon, as by an +after-thought, he asked me to have a mass said for the repose of his +soul. + +Then he added nervously: "Would you--would you have another said for a +person who did you a wrong?" + +"Assuredly I will, my dear fellow," I answered. "But no one in this +country has wronged me so far as I know." + +He took my hand and squeezed it, looking very grave. After a moment's +silence, he spoke again. + +"Might I dare to ask another service of you? When you go back to your +own country perhaps you will pass through Navarre. At all events you'll +go by Vittoria, which isn't very far off." + +"Yes," said I, "I shall certainly pass through Vittoria. But I may very +possibly go round by Pampeluna, and for your sake, I believe I should be +very glad to do it." + +"Well, if you do go to Pampeluna, you'll see more than one thing that +will interest you. It's a fine town. I'll give you this medal," he +showed me a little silver medal that he wore hung around his neck. +"You'll wrap it up in paper"--he paused a moment to master his +emotion--"and you'll take it, or send it, to an old lady whose address +I'll give you. Tell her I am dead--but don't tell her how I died." + +I promised to perform his commission. I saw him the next day, and spent +part of it in his company. From his lips I learned the sad incidents +that follow. + + + +CHAPTER III + +"I was born," he said, "at Elizondo, in the valley of Baztan. My name is +Don Jose Lizzarrabengoa, and you know enough of Spain, sir, to know at +once, by my name, that I come of an old Christian and Basque stock. I +call myself Don, because I have a right to it, and if I were at Elizondo +I could show you my parchment genealogy. My family wanted me to go into +the church, and made me study for it, but I did not like work. I was too +fond of playing tennis, and that was my ruin. When we Navarrese begin +to play tennis, we forget everything else. One day, when I had won the +game, a young fellow from Alava picked a quarrel with me. We took to our +_maquilas_,* and I won again. But I had to leave the neighbourhood. +I fell in with some dragoons, and enlisted in the Almanza Cavalry +Regiment. Mountain folks like us soon learn to be soldiers. Before long +I was a corporal, and I had been told I should soon be made a sergeant, +when, to my misfortune, I was put on guard at the Seville Tobacco +Factory. If you have been to Seville you have seen the great building, +just outside the ramparts, close to the Guadalquivir; I can fancy I see +the entrance, and the guard room just beside it, even now. When Spanish +soldiers are on duty, they either play cards or go to sleep. I, like an +honest Navarrese, always tried to keep myself busy. I was making a chain +to hold my priming-pin, out of a bit of wire: all at once, my comrades +said, 'there's the bell ringing, the girls are coming back to work.' You +must know, sir, that there are quite four or five hundred women employed +in the factory. They roll the cigars in a great room into which no man +can go without a permit from the _Veintiquatro_,** because when the +weather is hot they make themselves at home, especially the young ones. +When the work-girls come back after their dinner, numbers of young men +go down to see them pass by, and talk all sorts of nonsense to them. +Very few of those young ladies will refuse a silk mantilla, and men who +care for that sort of sport have nothing to do but bend down and pick +their fish up. While the others watched the girls go by, I stayed on my +bench near the door. I was a young fellow then--my heart was still in +my own country, and I didn't believe in any pretty girls who hadn't +blue skirts and long plaits of hair falling on their shoulders.*** And +besides, I was rather afraid of the Andalusian women. I had not got used +to their ways yet; they were always jeering one--never spoke a single +word of sense. So I was sitting with my nose down upon my chain, when I +heard some bystanders say, 'Here comes the _gitanella_!' Then I lifted +up my eyes, and I saw her! It was that very Carmen you know, and in +whose rooms I met you a few months ago. + + * Iron-shod sticks used by the Basques. + + ** Magistrate in charge of the municipal police + arrangements, and local government regulations. + + *** The costume usually worn by peasant women in Navarre and + the Basque Provinces. + +"She was wearing a very short skirt, below which her white silk +stockings--with more than one hole in them--and her dainty red morocco +shoes, fastened with flame-coloured ribbons, were clearly seen. She had +thrown her mantilla back, to show her shoulders, and a great bunch of +acacia that was thrust into her chemise. She had another acacia blossom +in the corner of her mouth, and she walked along, swaying her hips, like +a filly from the Cordova stud farm. In my country anybody who had seen +a woman dressed in that fashion would have crossed himself. At Seville +every man paid her some bold compliment on her appearance. She had +an answer for each and all, with her hand on her hip, as bold as the +thorough gipsy she was. At first I didn't like her looks, and I fell to +my work again. But she, like all women and cats, who won't come if you +call them, and do come if you don't call them, stopped short in front of +me, and spoke to me. + +"'_Compadre_,' said she, in the Andalusian fashion, 'won't you give me +your chain for the keys of my strong box?' + +"'It's for my priming-pin,' said I. + +"'Your priming-pin!' she cried, with a laugh. 'Oho! I suppose the +gentleman makes lace, as he wants pins!' + +"Everybody began to laugh, and I felt myself getting red in the face, +and couldn't hit on anything in answer. + +"'Come, my love!' she began again, 'make me seven ells of lace for my +mantilla, my pet pin-maker!' + +"And taking the acacia blossom out of her mouth she flipped it at me +with her thumb so that it hit me just between the eyes. I tell you, sir, +I felt as if a bullet had struck me. I didn't know which way to look. +I sat stock-still, like a wooden board. When she had gone into the +factory, I saw the acacia blossom, which had fallen on the ground +between my feet. I don't know what made me do it, but I picked it up, +unseen by any of my comrades, and put it carefully inside my jacket. +That was my first folly. + +"Two or three hours later I was still thinking about her, when a +panting, terrified-looking porter rushed into the guard-room. He told +us a woman had been stabbed in the great cigar-room, and that the guard +must be sent in at once. The sergeant told me to take two men, and go +and see to it. I took my two men and went upstairs. Imagine, sir, that +when I got into the room, I found, to begin with, some three hundred +women, stripped to their shifts, or very near it, all of them screaming +and yelling and gesticulating, and making such a row that you couldn't +have heard God's own thunder. On one side of the room one of the women +was lying on the broad of her back, streaming with blood, with an X +newly cut on her face by two strokes of a knife. Opposite the wounded +woman, whom the best-natured of the band were attending, I saw Carmen, +held by five or six of her comrades. The wounded woman was crying out, +'A confessor, a confessor! I'm killed!' Carmen said nothing at all. She +clinched her teeth and rolled her eyes like a chameleon. 'What's this?' +I asked. I had hard work to find out what had happened, for all the +work-girls talked at once. It appeared that the injured girl had boasted +she had money enough in her pocket to buy a donkey at the Triana Market. +'Why,' said Carmen, who had a tongue of her own, 'can't you do with a +broom?' Stung by this taunt, it may be because she felt herself rather +unsound in that particular, the other girl replied that she knew nothing +about brooms, seeing she had not the honour of being either a gipsy +or one of the devil's godchildren, but that the Senorita Carmen would +shortly make acquaintance with her donkey, when the _Corregidor_ took +her out riding with two lackeys behind her to keep the flies off. +'Well,' retorted Carmen, 'I'll make troughs for the flies to drink +out of on your cheeks, and I'll paint a draught-board on them!'* And +thereupon, slap, bank! She began making St. Andrew's crosses on the +girl's face with a knife she had been using for cutting off the ends of +the cigars. + + * _Pintar un javeque_, "paint a xebec," a particular type of + ship. Most Spanish vessels of this description have a + checkered red and white stripe painted around them. + +"The case was quite clear. I took hold of Carmen's arm. 'Sister mine,' I +said civilly, 'you must come with me.' She shot a glance of recognition +at me, but she said, with a resigned look: 'Let's be off. Where is my +mantilla?' She put it over her head so that only one of her great eyes +was to be seen, and followed my two men, as quiet as a lamb. When we +got to the guardroom the sergeant said it was a serious job, and he must +send her to prison. I was told off again to take her there. I put her +between two dragoons, as a corporal does on such occasions. We started +off for the town. The gipsy had begun by holding her tongue. But when we +got to the _Calle de la Serpiente_--you know it, and that it earns its +name by its many windings--she began by dropping her mantilla on to her +shoulders, so as to show me her coaxing little face, and turning round +to me as well as she could, she said: + +"'_Oficial mio_, where are you taking me to?' + +"'To prison, my poor child,' I replied, as gently as I could, just as +any kind-hearted soldier is bound to speak to a prisoner, and especially +to a woman. + +"'Alack! What will become of me! Senor Oficial, have pity on me! You are +so young, so good-looking.' Then, in a lower tone, she said, 'Let me get +away, and I'll give you a bit of the _bar lachi_, that will make every +woman fall in love with you!' + +"The _bar lachi_, sir, is the loadstone, with which the gipsies declare +one who knows how to use it can cast any number of spells. If you can +make a woman drink a little scrap of it, powdered, in a glass of white +wine, she'll never be able to resist you. I answered, as gravely as I +could: + +"'We are not here to talk nonsense. You'll have to go to prison. Those +are my orders, and there's no help for it!' + +"We men from the Basque country have an accent which all Spaniards +easily recognise; on the other hand, not one of them can ever learn to +say _Bai, jaona_!* + + * Yes, sir. + +"So Carmen easily guessed I was from the Provinces. You know, sir, that +the gipsies, who belong to no particular country, and are always moving +about, speak every language, and most of them are quite at home in +Portugal, in France, in our Provinces, in Catalonia, or anywhere else. +They can even make themselves understood by Moors and English people. +Carmen knew Basque tolerably well. + +"'_Laguna ene bihotsarena_, comrade of my heart,' said she suddenly. 'Do +you belong to our country?' + +"Our language is so beautiful, sir, that when we hear it in a foreign +country it makes us quiver. I wish," added the bandit in a lower tone, +"I could have a confessor from my own country." + +After a silence, he began again. + +"'I belong to Elizondo,' I answered in Basque, very much affected by the +sound of my own language. + +"'I come from Etchalar,' said she (that's a district about four hours' +journey from my home). 'I was carried off to Seville by the gipsies. +I was working in the factory to earn enough money to take me back to +Navarre, to my poor old mother, who has no support in the world but me, +besides her little _barratcea_* with twenty cider-apple trees in it. +Ah! if I were only back in my own country, looking up at the white +mountains! I have been insulted here, because I don't belong to this +land of rogues and sellers of rotten oranges; and those hussies are +all banded together against me, because I told them that not all their +Seville _jacques_,** and all their knives, would frighten an honest lad +from our country, with his blue cap and his _maquila_! Good comrade, +won't you do anything to help your own countrywoman?' + + * Field, garden. + + ** Bravos, boasters. + +"She was lying then, sir, as she has always lied. I don't know that that +girl ever spoke a word of truth in her life, but when she did speak, I +believed her--I couldn't help myself. She mangled her Basque words, and +I believed she came from Navarre. But her eyes and her mouth and her +skin were enough to prove she was a gipsy. I was mad, I paid no more +attention to anything, I thought to myself that if the Spaniards had +dared to speak evil of my country, I would have slashed their faces just +as she had slashed her comrade's. In short, I was like a drunken man, I +was beginning to say foolish things, and I was very near doing them. + +"'If I were to give you a push and you tumbled down, good +fellow-countryman,' she began again in Basque, 'those two Castilian +recruits wouldn't be able to keep me back.' + +"Faith, I forgot my orders, I forgot everything, and I said to her, +'Well, then, my friend, girl of my country, try it, and may our Lady of +the Mountain help you through.' + +"Just at that moment we were passing one of the many narrow lanes one +sees in Seville. All at once Carmen turned and struck me in the chest +with her fist. I tumbled backward, purposely. With a bound she sprang +over me, and ran off, showing us a pair of legs! People talk about a +pair of Basque legs! but hers were far better--as fleet as they were +well-turned. As for me, I picked myself up at once, but I stuck out my +lance* crossways and barred the street, so that my comrades were checked +at the very first moment of pursuit. Then I started to run myself, and +they after me--but how were we to catch her? There was no fear of that, +what with our spurs, our swords, and our lances. + + * All Spanish cavalry soldiers carry lances. + +"In less time than I have taken to tell you the story the prisoner +had disappeared. And besides, every gossip in the quarter covered her +flight, poked scorn at us, and pointed us in the wrong direction. After +a good deal of marching and countermarching, we had to go back to the +guard-room without a receipt from the governor of the jail. + +"To avoid punishment, my men made known that Carmen had spoken to me in +Basque; and to tell the truth, it did not seem very natural that a blow +from such a little creature should have so easily overthrown a strong +fellow like me. The whole thing looked suspicious, or, at all events, +not over-clear. When I came off guard I lost my corporal's stripes, and +was condemned to a month's imprisonment. It was the first time I had +been punished since I had been in the service. Farewell, now, to the +sergeant's stripes, on which I had reckoned so surely! + +"The first days in prison were very dreary. When I enlisted I had +fancied I was sure to become an officer, at all events. Two of +my compatriots, Longa and Mina, are captains-general, after all. +Chapalangarra was a colonel, and I have played tennis a score of times +with his brother, who was just a needy fellow like myself. 'Now,' I kept +crying to myself, 'all the time you served without being punished +has been lost. Now you have a bad mark against your name, and to get +yourself back into the officers' good graces you'll have to work ten +times as hard as when you joined as a recruit.' And why have I got +myself punished? For the sake of a gipsy hussy, who made game of me, and +who at this moment is busy thieving in some corner of the town. Yet I +couldn't help thinking about her. Will you believe it, sir, those silk +stockings of hers with the holes in them, of which she had given me such +a full view as she took to her heels, were always before my eyes? I +used to look through the barred windows of the jail into the street, +and among all the women who passed I never could see one to compare with +that minx of a girl--and then, in spite of myself, I used to smell the +acacia blossom she had thrown at me, and which, dry as it was, still +kept its sweet scent. If there are such things as witches, that girl +certainly was one. + +"One day the jailer came in, and gave me an Alcala roll.* + + * _Alcala de los Panaderos_, a village two leagues from + Seville, where the most delicious rolls are made. They are + said to owe their quality to the water of the place, and + great quantities of them are brought to Seville every day. + +"'Look here,' said he, 'this is what your cousin has sent you.' + +"I took the loaf, very much astonished, for I had no cousin in Seville. +It may be a mistake, thought I, as I looked at the roll, but it was so +appetizing and smelt so good, that I made up my mind to eat it, without +troubling my head as to whence it came, or for whom it was really +intended. + +"When I tried to cut it, my knife struck on something hard. I looked, +and found a little English file, which had been slipped into the dough +before the roll had been baked. The roll also contained a gold piece of +two piastres. Then I had no further doubt--it was a present from Carmen. +To people of her blood, liberty is everything, and they would set a +town on fire to save themselves one day in prison. The girl was artful, +indeed, and armed with that roll, I might have snapped my fingers at the +jailers. In one hour, with that little file, I could have sawn through +the thickest bar, and with the gold coin I could have exchanged my +soldier's cloak for civilian garb at the nearest shop. You may fancy +that a man who has often taken the eaglets out of their nests in our +cliff would have found no difficulty in getting down to the street +out of a window less than thirty feet above it. But I didn't choose to +escape. I still had a soldier's code of honour, and desertion appeared +to me in the light of a heinous crime. Yet this proof of remembrance +touched me. When a man is in prison he likes to think he has a friend +outside who takes an interest in him. The gold coin did rather offend +me; I should have very much liked to return it; but where was I to find +my creditor? That did not seem a very easy task. + +"After the ceremony of my degradation I had fancied my sufferings were +over, but I had another humiliation before me. That came when I left +prison, and was told off for duty, and put on sentry, as a private +soldier. You can not conceive what a proud man endures at such a moment. +I believe I would have just as soon been shot dead--then I should have +marched alone at the head of my platoon, at all events; I should have +felt I was somebody, with the eyes of others fixed upon me. + +"I was posted as sentry on the door of the colonel's house. The colonel +was a young man, rich, good-natured, fond of amusing himself. All +the young officers were there, and many civilians as well, besides +ladies--actresses, as it was said. For my part, it seemed to me as if +the whole town had agreed to meet at that door, in order to stare at me. +Then up drove the colonel's carriage, with his valet on the box. And who +should I see get out of it, but the gipsy girl! She was dressed up, this +time, to the eyes, togged out in golden ribbons--a spangled gown, blue +shoes, all spangled too, flowers and gold lace all over her. In her hand +she carried a tambourine. With her there were two other gipsy women, one +young and one old. They always have one old woman who goes with them, +and then an old man with a guitar, a gipsy too, to play alone, and also +for their dances. You must know these gipsy girls are often sent for to +private houses, to dance their special dance, the _Romalis_, and often, +too, for quite other purposes. + +"Carmen recognised me, and we exchanged glances. I don't know why, but +at that moment I should have liked to have been a hundred feet beneath +the ground. + +"'_Agur laguna_,'* said she. 'Oficial mio! You keep guard like a +recruit,' and before I could find a word in answer, she was inside the +house. + + * Good-day, comrade! + +"The whole party was assembled in the _patio_, and in spite of the crowd +I could see nearly everything that went on through the lattice.* I +could hear the castanets and the tambourine, the laughter and applause. +Sometimes I caught a glimpse of her head as she bounded upward with her +tambourine. Then I could hear the officers saying many things to her +which brought the blood to my face. As to her answers, I knew nothing +of them. It was on that day, I think, that I began to love her in +earnest--for three or four times I was tempted to rush into the _patio_, +and drive my sword into the bodies of all the coxcombs who were making +love to her. My torture lasted a full hour; then the gipsies came out, +and the carriage took them away. As she passed me by, Carmen looked at +me with those eyes you know, and said to me very low, 'Comrade, people +who are fond of good _fritata_ come to eat it at Lillas Pastia's at +Triana!' + + * In most of the houses in Seville there is an inner court + surrounded by an arched portico. This is used as a sitting- + room in summer. Over the court is stretched a piece of tent + cloth, which is watered during the day and removed at night. + The street door is almost always left open, and the passage + leading to the court (_zaguan_) is closed by an iron lattice + of very elegant workmanship. + +"Then, light as a kid, she stepped into the carriage, the coachman +whipped up his mules, and the whole merry party departed, whither I know +not. + +"You may fancy that the moment I was off guard I went to Triana; but +first of all I got myself shaved and brushed myself up as if I had been +going on parade. She was living with Lillas Pastia, an old fried-fish +seller, a gipsy, as black as a Moor, to whose house a great many +civilians resorted to eat _fritata_, especially, I think, because Carmen +had taken up her quarters there. + +"'Lillas,' she said, as soon as she saw me. 'I'm not going to work any +more to-day. To-morrow will be a day, too.* Come, fellow-countryman, let +us go for a walk!' + + * _Manana sera otro dia._--A Spanish proverb. + +"She pulled her mantilla across her nose, and there we were in the +street, without my knowing in the least whither I was bound. + +"'Senorita,' said I, 'I think I have to thank you for a present I +had while I was in prison. I've eaten the bread; the file will do for +sharpening my lance, and I keep it in remembrance of you. But as for the +money, here it is.' + +"'Why, he's kept the money!' she exclaimed, bursting out laughing. +'But, after all, that's all the better--for I'm decidedly hard up! What +matter! The dog that runs never starves!* Come, let's spend it all! You +shall treat.' + + * _Chuquel sos pirela, cocal terela_. "The dog that runs + finds a bone."--Gipsy proverb. + +"We had turned back toward Seville. At the entrance of the _Calle de +la Serpiente_ she bought a dozen oranges, which she made me put into my +handkerchief. A little farther on she bought a roll, a sausage, and +a bottle of manzanilla. Then, last of all, she turned into a +confectioner's shop. There she threw the gold coin I had returned to +her on the counter, with another she had in her pocket, and some small +silver, and then she asked me for all the money I had. All I possessed +was one peseta and a few cuartos, which I handed over to her, very much +ashamed of not having more. I thought she would have carried away the +whole shop. She took everything that was best and dearest, _yemas_,* +_turon_,** preserved fruits--as long as the money lasted. And all these, +too, I had to carry in paper bags. Perhaps you know the _Calle del +Candilejo_, where there is a head of Don Pedro the Avenger.*** That head +ought to have given me pause. We stopped at an old house in that street. +She passed into the entry, and knocked at a door on the ground floor. +It was opened by a gipsy, a thorough-paced servant of the devil. Carmen +said a few words to her in Romany. At first the old hag grumbled. To +smooth her down Carmen gave her a couple of oranges and a handful of +sugar-plums, and let her have a taste of wine. Then she hung her cloak +on her back, and led her to the door, which she fastened with a wooden +bar. As soon as we were alone she began to laugh and caper like a +lunatic, singing out, 'You are my _rom_, I'm your _romi_.'**** + + * Sugared yolks of eggs. + + ** A sort of nougat. + + *** This king, Don Pedro, whom we call "the Cruel," and whom + Queen Isabella, the Catholic, never called anything but "the + Avenger," was fond of walking about the streets of Seville + at night in search of adventures, like the Caliph Haroun al + Raschid. One night, in a lonely street, he quarrelled with a + man who was singing a serenade. There was a fight, and the + king killed the amorous _caballero_. At the clashing of + their swords, an old woman put her head out of the window + and lighted up the scene with a tiny lamp (candilejo) which + she held in her hand. My readers must be informed that King + Don Pedro, though nimble and muscular, suffered from one + strange fault in his physical conformation. Whenever he + walked his knees cracked loudly. By this cracking the old + woman easily recognised him. The next day the _veintiquatro_ + in charge came to make his report to the king. "Sir, a duel + was fought last night in such a street--one of the + combatants is dead." "Have you found the murderer?" "Yes, + sir." "Why has he not been punished already?" "Sir, I await + your orders!" "Carry out the law." Now the king had just + published a decree that every duellist was to have his head + cut off, and that head was to be set up on the scene of the + fight. The _veintiquatro_ got out of the difficulty like a + clever man. He had the head sawed off a statue of the king, + and set that up in a niche in the middle of the street in + which the murder had taken place. The king and all the + Sevillians thought this a very good joke. The street took + its name from the lamp held by the old woman, the only + witness of the incident. The above is the popular tradition. + Zuniga tells the story somewhat differently. However that + may be, a street called _Calle del Candilejo_ still exists + in Seville, and in that street there is a bust which is said + to be a portrait of Don Pedro. This bust, unfortunately, is + a modern production. During the seventeenth century the old + one had become very much defaced, and the municipality had + it replaced by that now to be seen. + + **** _Rom_, husband. _Romi_, wife. + +"There I stood in the middle of the room, laden with all her purchases, +and not knowing where I was to put them down. She tumbled them all onto +the floor, and threw her arms round my neck, saying: + +"'I pay my debts, I pay my debts! That's the law of the _Cales_.'* + + * _Calo_, feminine _calli_, plural _cales_. Literally + "black," the name the gipsies apply to themselves in their + own language. + +"Ah, sir, that day! that day! When I think of it I forget what to-morrow +must bring me!" + +For a moment the bandit held his peace, then, when he had relighted his +cigar, he began afresh. + +"We spent the whole day together, eating, drinking, and so forth. When +she had stuffed herself with sugar-plums, like any child of six years +old, she thrust them by handfuls into the old woman's water-jar. +'That'll make sherbet for her,' she said. She smashed the _yemas_ by +throwing them against the walls. 'They'll keep the flies from bothering +us.' There was no prank or wild frolic she didn't indulge in. I told her +I should have liked to see her dance, only there were no castanets to +be had. Instantly she seized the old woman's only earthenware plate, +smashed it up, and there she was dancing the _Romalis_, and making the +bits of broken crockery rattle as well as if they had been ebony and +ivory castanets. That girl was good company, I can tell you! Evening +fell, and I heard the drums beating tattoo. + +"'I must get back to quarters for roll-call,' I said. + +"'To quarters!' she answered, with a look of scorn. 'Are you a negro +slave, to let yourself be driven with a ramrod like that! You are as +silly as a canary bird. Your dress suits your nature.* Pshaw! you've no +more heart than a chicken.' + +* Spanish dragoons wear a yellow uniform. + +"I stayed on, making up my mind to the inevitable guard-room. The next +morning the first suggestion of parting came from her. + +"'Hark ye, Joseito,' she said. 'Have I paid you? By our law, I owed you +nothing, because you're a _payllo_. But you're a good-looking fellow, +and I took a fancy to you. Now we're quits. Good-day!' + +"I asked her when I should see her again. + +"'When you're less of a simpleton,' she retorted, with a laugh. Then, in +a more serious tone, 'Do you know, my son, I really believe I love you a +little; but that can't last! The dog and the wolf can't agree for long. +Perhaps if you turned gipsy, I might care to be your _romi_. But that's +all nonsense, such things aren't possible. Pshaw! my boy. Believe me, +you're well out of it. You've come across the devil--he isn't always +black--and you've not had your neck wrung. I wear a woollen suit, but +I'm no sheep.* Go and burn a candle to your _majari_,** she deserves +it well. Come, good-by once more. Don't think any more about _La +Carmencita_, or she'll end by making you marry a widow with wooden +legs.'*** + + * _Me dicas vriarda de jorpoy, bus ne sino braco_.--A gipsy + proverb. + + ** The Saint, the Holy Virgin. + + *** The gallows, which is the widow of the last man hanged + upon it. + +"As she spoke, she drew back the bar that closed the door, and once we +were out in the street she wrapped her mantilla about her, and turned on +her heel. + +"She spoke the truth. I should have done far better never to think of +her again. But after that day in the _Calle del Candilejo_ I couldn't +think of anything else. All day long I used to walk about, hoping I +might meet her. I sought news of her from the old hag, and from the +fried-fish seller. They both told me she had gone away to _Laloro_, +which is their name for Portugal. They probably said it by Carmen's +orders, but I soon found out they were lying. Some weeks after my day +in the _Calle del Candilejo_ I was on duty at one of the town gates. A +little way from the gate there was a breach in the wall. The masons were +working at it in the daytime, and at night a sentinel was posted on it, +to prevent smugglers from getting in. All through one day I saw Lillas +Pastia going backward and forward near the guard-room, and talking to +some of my comrades. They all knew him well, and his fried-fish and +fritters even better. He came up to me, and asked if I had any news of +Carmen. + +"'No,' said I. + +"'Well,' said he, 'you'll soon hear of her, old fellow.' + +"He was not mistaken. That night I was posted to guard the breach in +the wall. As soon as the sergeant had disappeared I saw a woman coming +toward me. My heart told me it was Carmen. Still I shouted: + +"'Keep off! Nobody can pass here!' + +"'Now, don't be spiteful,' she said, making herself known to me. + +"'What! you here, Carmen?' + +"'Yes, _mi payllo_. Let us say few words, but wise ones. Would you +like to earn a douro? Some people will be coming with bundles. Let them +alone.' + +"'No,' said I, 'I must not allow them through. These are my orders.' + +"'Orders! orders! You didn't think about orders in the _Calle del +Candilejo_!' + +"'Ah!' I cried, quite maddened by the very thought of that night. 'It +was well worth while to forget my orders for that! But I won't have any +smuggler's money!' + +"'Well, if you won't have money, shall we go and dine together at old +Dorotea's?' + +"'No,' said I, half choked by the effort it cost me. 'No, I can't.' + +"'Very good! If you make so many difficulties, I know to whom I can +go. I'll ask your officer if he'll come with me to Dorotea's. He looks +good-natured, and he'll post a sentry who'll only see what he had better +see. Good-bye, canary-bird! I shall have a good laugh the day the order +comes out to hang you!' + +"I was weak enough to call her back, and I promised to let the whole +of gipsydom pass in, if that were necessary, so that I secured the +only reward I longed for. She instantly swore she would keep her word +faithfully the very next day, and ran off to summon her friends, who +were close by. There were five of them, of whom Pastia was one, all well +loaded with English goods. Carmen kept watch for them. She was to warn +them with her castanets the instant she caught sight of the patrol. But +there was no necessity for that. The smugglers finished their job in a +moment. + +"The next day I went to the _Calle del Candilejo_. Carmen kept me +waiting, and when she came, she was in rather a bad temper. + +"'I don't like people who have to be pressed,' she said. 'You did me a +much greater service the first time, without knowing you'd gain anything +by it. Yesterday you bargained with me. I don't know why I've come, for +I don't care for you any more. Here, be off with you. Here's a douro for +your trouble.' + +"I very nearly threw the coin at her head, and I had to make a violent +effort to prevent myself from actually beating her. After we had +wrangled for an hour I went off in a fury. For some time I wandered +about the town, walking hither and thither like a madman. At last I went +into a church, and getting into the darkest corner I could find, I cried +hot tears. All at once I heard a voice. + +"'A dragoon in tears. I'll make a philter of them!' + +"I looked up. There was Carmen in front of me. + +"'Well, _mi payllo_, are you still angry with me?' she said. 'I must +care for you in spite of myself, for since you left me I don't know what +has been the matter with me. Look you, it is I who ask you to come to +the _Calle del Candilejo_, now!' + +"So we made it up: but Carmen's temper was like the weather in our +country. The storm is never so close, in our mountains, as when the sun +is at its brightest. She had promised to meet me again at Dorotea's, but +she didn't come. + +"And Dorotea began telling me again that she had gone off to Portugal +about some gipsy business. + +"As experience had already taught me how much of that I was to believe, +I went about looking for Carmen wherever I thought she might be, and +twenty times in every day I walked through the _Calle del Candilejo_. +One evening I was with Dorotea, whom I had almost tamed by giving her +a glass of anisette now and then, when Carmen walked in, followed by a +young man, a lieutenant in our regiment. + +"'Get away at once,' she said to me in Basque. I stood there, +dumfounded, my heart full of rage. + +"'What are you doing here?' said the lieutenant to me. 'Take yourself +off--get out of this.' + +"I couldn't move a step. I felt paralyzed. The officer grew angry, and +seeing I did not go out, and had not even taken off my forage cap, he +caught me by the collar and shook me roughly. I don't know what I said +to him. He drew his sword, and I unsheathed mine. The old woman caught +hold of my arm, and the lieutenant gave me a wound on the forehead, of +which I still bear the scar. I made a step backward, and with one jerk +of my elbow I threw old Dorotea down. Then, as the lieutenant still +pressed me, I turned the point of my sword against his body and he +ran upon it. Then Carmen put out the lamp and told Dorotea, in her own +language, to take to flight. I fled into the street myself, and began +running along, I knew not whither. It seemed to me that some one was +following me. When I came to myself I discovered that Carmen had never +left me. + +"'Great stupid of a canary-bird!' she said, 'you never make anything but +blunders. And, indeed, you know I told you I should bring you bad luck. +But come, there's a cure for everything when you have a Fleming from +Rome* for your love. Begin by rolling this handkerchief round your head, +and throw me over that belt of yours. Wait for me in this alley--I'll be +back in two minutes. + + * _Flamenco de Roma_, a slang term for the gipsies. Roma + does not stand for the Eternal City, but for the nation of + the _romi_, or the married folk--a name applied by the + gipsies to themselves. The first gipsies seen in Spain + probably came from the Low Countries, hence their name of + _Flemings_. + +"She disappeared, and soon came back bringing me a striped cloak which +she had gone to fetch, I knew not whence. She made me take off my +uniform, and put on the cloak over my shirt. Thus dressed, and with the +wound on my head bound round with the handkerchief, I was tolerably like +a Valencian peasant, many of whom come to Seville to sell a drink they +make out of '_chufas_.'* Then she took me to a house very much like +Dorotea's, at the bottom of a little lane. Here she and another gipsy +woman washed and dressed my wounds, better than any army surgeon could +have done, gave me something, I know not what, to drink, and finally +made me lie down on a mattress, on which I went to sleep. + + * A bulbous root, out of which rather a pleasant beverage is + manufactured. + +"Probably the woman had mixed one of the soporific drugs of which they +know the secret in my drink, for I did not wake up till very late the +next day. I was rather feverish, and had a violent headache. It was some +time before the memory of the terrible scene in which I had taken part +on the previous night came back to me. After having dressed my wound, +Carmen and her friend, squatting on their heels beside my mattress, +exchanged a few words of '_chipe calli_,' which appeared to me to be +something in the nature of a medical consultation. Then they both of +them assured me that I should soon be cured, but that I must get out +of Seville at the earliest possible moment, for that, if I was caught +there, I should most undoubtedly be shot. + +"'My boy,' said Carmen to me, 'you'll have to do something. Now that +the king won't give you either rice or haddock* you'll have to think of +earning your livelihood. You're too stupid for stealing _a pastesas_.** +But you are brave and active. If you have the pluck, take yourself off +to the coast and turn smuggler. Haven't I promised to get you hanged? +That's better than being shot, and besides, if you set about it +properly, you'll live like a prince as long as the _minons_*** and the +coast-guard don't lay their hands on your collar.' + + * The ordinary food of a Spanish soldier. + + ** _Ustilar a pastesas_, to steal cleverly, to purloin + without violence. + + *** A sort of volunteer corps. + +"In this attractive guise did this fiend of a girl describe the new +career she was suggesting to me,--the only one, indeed, remaining, now +I had incurred the penalty of death. Shall I confess it, sir? She +persuaded me without much difficulty. This wild and dangerous life, it +seemed to me, would bind her and me more closely together. In future, I +thought, I should be able to make sure of her love. + +"I had often heard talk of certain smugglers who travelled about +Andalusia, each riding a good horse, with his mistress behind him and +his blunderbuss in his fist. Already I saw myself trotting up and down +the world, with a pretty gipsy behind me. When I mentioned that notion +to her, she laughed till she had to hold her sides, and vowed there was +nothing in the world so delightful as a night spent camping in the open +air, when each _rom_ retired with his _romi_ beneath their little tent, +made of three hoops with a blanket thrown across them. + +"'If I take to the mountains,' said I to her, 'I shall be sure of you. +There'll be no lieutenant there to go shares with me.' + +"'Ha! ha! you're jealous!' she retorted, 'so much the worse for you. How +can you be such a fool as that? Don't you see I must love you, because I +have never asked you for money?' + +"When she said that sort to thing I could have strangled her. + +"To shorten the story, sir, Carmen procured me civilian clothes, +disguised in which I got out of Seville without being recognised. I went +to Jerez, with a letter from Pastia to a dealer in anisette whose house +was the smugglers' meeting-place. I was introduced to them, and their +leader, surnamed _El Dancaire_, enrolled me in his gang. We started for +Gaucin, where I found Carmen, who had told me she would meet me there. +In all these expeditions she acted as spy for our gang, and she was the +best that ever was seen. She had now just returned from Gibraltar, and +had already arranged with the captain of a ship for a cargo of English +goods which we were to receive on the coast. We went to meet it near +Estepona. We hid part in the mountains, and laden with the rest, we +proceeded to Ronda. Carmen had gone there before us. It was she again +who warned us when we had better enter the town. This first journey, and +several subsequent ones, turned out well. I found the smuggler's life +pleasanter than a soldier's: I could give presents to Carmen, I had +money, and I had a mistress. I felt little or no remorse, for, as the +gipsies say, 'The happy man never longs to scratch his itch.' We were +made welcome everywhere, my comrades treated me well, and even showed me +a certain respect. The reason of this was that I had killed my man, +and that some of them had no exploit of that description on their +conscience. But what I valued most in my new life was that I often saw +Carmen. She showed me more affection than ever; nevertheless, she would +never admit, before my comrades, that she was my mistress, and she had +even made me swear all sorts of oaths that I would not say anything +about her to them. I was so weak in that creature's hands, that I obeyed +all her whims. And besides, this was the first time she had revealed +herself as possessing any of the reserve of a well-conducted woman, +and I was simple enough to believe she had really cast off her former +habits. + +"Our gang, which consisted of eight or ten men, was hardly ever together +except at decisive moments, and we were usually scattered by twos and +threes about the towns and villages. Each one of us pretended to have +some trade. One was a tinker, another was a groom; I was supposed to +peddle haberdashery, but I hardly ever showed myself in large places, on +account of my unlucky business at Seville. One day, or rather one night, +we were to meet below Veger. _El Dancaire_ and I got there before the +others. + +"'We shall soon have a new comrade,' said he. 'Carmen has just managed +one of her best tricks. She has contrived the escape of her _rom_, who +was in the _presidio_ at Tarifa.' + +"I was already beginning to understand the gipsy language, which nearly +all my comrades spoke, and this word _rom_ startled me. + +"What! her husband? Is she married, then?' said I to the captain. + +"'Yes!' he replied, 'married to Garcia _el Tuerto_*--as cunning a gipsy +as she is herself. The poor fellow has been at the galleys. Carmen has +wheedled the surgeon of the _presidio_ to such good purpose that she +has managed to get her _rom_ out of prison. Faith! that girl's worth +her weight in gold. For two years she has been trying to contrive his +escape, but she could do nothing until the authorities took it into +their heads to change the surgeon. She soon managed to come to an +understanding with this new one.' + + * One-eyed man. + +"You may imagine how pleasant this news was for me. I soon saw Garcia +_el Tuerto_. He was the very ugliest brute that was ever nursed +in gipsydom. His skin was black, his soul was blacker, and he was +altogether the most thorough-paced ruffian I ever came across in my +life. Carmen arrived with him, and when she called him her _rom_ in my +presence, you should have seen the eyes she made at me, and the faces +she pulled whenever Garcia turned his head away. + +"I was disgusted, and never spoke a word to her all night. The next +morning we had made up our packs, and had already started, when we +became aware that we had a dozen horsemen on our heels. The braggart +Andalusians, who had been boasting they would murder every one who came +near them, cut a pitiful figure at once. There was a general rout. _El +Dancaire_, Garcia, a good-looking fellow from Ecija, who was called _El +Remendado_, and Carmen herself, kept their wits about them. The rest +forsook the mules and took to the gorges, where the horses could not +follow them. There was no hope of saving the mules, so we hastily +unstrapped the best part of our booty, and taking it on our shoulders, +we tried to escape through the rocks down the steepest of the slopes. We +threw our packs down in front of us and followed them as best we could, +slipping along on our heels. Meanwhile the enemy fired at us. It was +the first time I had ever heard bullets whistling around me and I +didn't mind it very much. When there's a woman looking on, there's no +particular merit in snapping one's fingers at death. We all escaped +except the poor _Remendado_, who received a bullet wound in the loins. I +threw away my pack and tried to lift him up. + +"'Idiot!' shouted Garcia, 'what do we want with offal! Finish him off, +and don't lose the cotton stockings!' + +"'Drop him!' cried Carmen. + +"I was so exhausted that I was obliged to lay him down for a moment +under a rock. Garcia came up, and fired his blunderbuss full into his +face. 'He'd be a clever fellow who recognised him now!' said he, as he +looked at the face, cut to pieces by a dozen slugs. + +"There, sir; that's the delightful sort of life I've led! That night +we found ourselves in a thicket, worn out with fatigue, with nothing to +eat, and ruined by the loss of our mules. What do you think that devil +Garcia did? He pulled a pack of cards out of his pocket and began +playing games with _El Dancaire_ by the light of a fire they kindled. +Meanwhile I was lying down, staring at the stars, thinking of _El +Remendado_, and telling myself I would just as lief be in his place. +Carmen was squatting down near me, and every now and then she would +rattle her castanets and hum a tune. Then, drawing close to me, as if +she would have whispered in my ear, she kissed me two or three times +over almost against my will. + +"'You are a devil,' said I to her. + +"'Yes,' she replied. + +"After a few hours' rest, she departed to Gaucin, and the next morning a +little goatherd brought us some food. We stayed there all that day, and +in the evening we moved close to Gaucin. We were expecting news from +Carmen, but none came. After daylight broke we saw a muleteer attending +a well-dressed woman with a parasol, and a little girl who seemed to +be her servant. Said Garcia, 'There go two mules and two women whom St. +Nicholas has sent us. I would rather have had four mules, but no matter. +I'll do the best I can with these.' + +"He took his blunderbuss, and went down the pathway, hiding himself +among the brushwood. + +"We followed him, _El Dancaire_ and I keeping a little way behind. As +soon as the woman saw us, instead of being frightened--and our dress +would have been enough to frighten any one--she burst into a fit of loud +laughter. 'Ah! the _lillipendi_! They take me for an _erani_!'* + + * "The idiots, they take me for a smart lady!" + +"It was Carmen, but so well disguised that if she had spoken any other +language I should never have recognised her. She sprang off her mule, +and talked some time in an undertone with _El Dancaire_ and Garcia. Then +she said to me: + +"'Canary-bird, we shall meet again before you're hanged. I'm off to +Gibraltar on gipsy business--you'll soon have news of me.' + +"We parted, after she had told us of a place where we should find +shelter for some days. That girl was the providence of our gang. We soon +received some money sent by her, and a piece of news which was still +more useful to us--to the effect that on a certain day two English lords +would travel from Gibraltar to Granada by a road she mentioned. This was +a word to the wise. They had plenty of good guineas. Garcia would have +killed them, but _El Dancaire_ and I objected. All we took from them, +besides their shirts, which we greatly needed, was their money and their +watches. + +"Sir, a man may turn rogue in sheer thoughtlessness. You lose your +head over a pretty girl, you fight another man about her, there is a +catastrophe, you have to take to the mountains, and you turn from a +smuggler into a robber before you have time to think about it. After +this matter of the English lords, we concluded that the neighbourhood of +Gibraltar would not be healthy for us, and we plunged into the _Sierra +de Ronda_. You once mentioned Jose-Maria to me. Well, it was there I +made acquaintance with him. He always took his mistress with him on his +expeditions. She was a pretty girl, quiet, modest, well-mannered, you +never heard a vulgar word from her, and she was quite devoted to him. +He, on his side, led her a very unhappy life. He was always running +after other women, he ill-treated her, and then sometimes he would take +it into his head to be jealous. One day he slashed her with a knife. +Well, she only doted on him the more! That's the way with women, and +especially with Andalusians. This girl was proud of the scar on her arm, +and would display it as though it were the most beautiful thing in the +world. And then Jose-Maria was the worst of comrades in the bargain. +In one expedition we made with him, he managed so that he kept all the +profits, and we had all the trouble and the blows. But I must go back to +my story. We had no sign at all from Carmen. _El Dancaire_ said: 'One +of us will have to go to Gibraltar to get news of her. She must have +planned some business. I'd go at once, only I'm too well known at +Gibraltar.' _El Tuerto_ said: + +"'I'm well known there too. I've played so many tricks on the +crayfish*--and as I've only one eye, it is not overeasy for me to +disguise myself.' + + * Name applied by the Spanish populace to the British + soldiers, on account of the colour of their uniform. + +"'Then I suppose I must go,' said I, delighted at the very idea of +seeing Carmen again. 'Well, how am I to set about it?' + +"The others answered: + +"'You must either go by sea, or you must get through by San Rocco, +whichever you like the best; once you are in Gibraltar, inquire in the +port where a chocolate-seller called _La Rollona_ lives. When you've +found her, she'll tell you everything that's happening.' + +"It was settled that we were all to start for the Sierra, that I was +to leave my two companions there, and take my way to Gibraltar, in +the character of a fruit-seller. At Ronda one of our men procured me +a passport; at Gaucin I was provided with a donkey. I loaded it with +oranges and melons, and started forth. When I reached Gibraltar I found +that many people knew _La Rollona_, but that she was either dead or had +gone _ad finibus terroe_,* and, to my mind, her disappearance explained +the failure of our correspondence with Carmen. I stabled my donkey, +and began to move about the town, carrying my oranges as though to sell +them, but in reality looking to see whether I could not come across any +face I knew. The place is full of ragamuffins from every country in the +world, and it really is like the Tower of Babel, for you can't go ten +paces along a street without hearing as many languages. I did see some +gipsies, but I hardly dared confide in them. I was taking stock of them, +and they were taking stock of me. We had mutually guessed each other +to be rogues, but the important thing for us was to know whether we +belonged to the same gang. After having spent two days in fruitless +wanderings, and having found out nothing either as to _La Rollona_ or +as to Carmen, I was thinking I would go back to my comrades as soon as I +had made a few purchases, when, toward sunset, as I was walking along a +street, I heard a woman's voice from a window say, 'Orange-seller!' + + * To the galleys, or else to all the devils in hell. + +"I looked up, and on a balcony I saw Carmen looking out, beside a +scarlet-coated officer with gold epaulettes, curly hair, and all +the appearance of a rich _milord_. As for her, she was magnificently +dressed, a shawl hung on her shoulders, she'd a gold comb in her hair, +everything she wore was of silk; and the cunning little wretch, not a +bit altered, was laughing till she held her sides. + +"The Englishman shouted to me in mangled Spanish to come upstairs, as +the lady wanted some oranges, and Carmen said to me in Basque: + +"'Come up, and don't look astonished at anything!' + +"Indeed, nothing that she did ought ever to have astonished me. I don't +know whether I was most happy or wretched at seeing her again. At the +door of the house there was a tall English servant with a powdered head, +who ushered me into a splendid drawing-room. Instantly Carmen said to me +in Basque, 'You don't know one word of Spanish, and you don't know me.' +Then turning to the Englishman, she added: + +"'I told you so. I saw at once he was a Basque. Now you'll hear what a +queer language he speaks. Doesn't he look silly? He's like a cat that's +been caught in the larder!' + +"'And you,' said I to her in my own language, 'you look like an impudent +jade--and I've a good mind to scar your face here and now, before your +spark.' + +"'My spark!' said she. 'Why, you've guessed that all alone! Are you +jealous of this idiot? You're even sillier than you were before our +evening in the _Calle del Candilejo_! Don't you see, fool, that at this +moment I'm doing gipsy business, and doing it in the most brilliant +manner? This house belongs to me--the guineas of that crayfish will +belong to me! I lead him by the nose, and I'll lead him to a place that +he'll never get out of!' + +"'And if I catch you doing any gipsy business in this style again, I'll +see to it that you never do any again!' said I. + +"'Ah! upon my word! Are you my _rom_, pray that you give me orders? If +_El Tuerto_ is pleased, what have you to do with it? Oughtn't you to +be very happy that you are the only man who can call himself my +_minchorro_?'* + + * My "lover," or rather my "fancy." + +"'What does he say?' inquired the Englishman. + +"'He says he's thirsty, and would like a drink,' answered Carmen, and +she threw herself back upon a sofa, screaming with laughter at her own +translation. + +"When that girl begins to laugh, sir, it was hopeless for anybody to try +and talk sense. Everybody laughed with her. The big Englishman began to +laugh too, like the idiot he was, and ordered the servant to bring me +something to drink. + +"While I was drinking she said to me: + +"'Do you see that ring he has on his finger? If you like I'll give it to +you.' + +"And I answered: + +"'I would give one of my fingers to have your _milord_ out on the +mountains, and each of us with a _maquila_ in his fist.' + +"'_Maquila_, what does that mean?' asked the Englishman. + +"'Maquila,' said Carmen, still laughing, 'means an orange. Isn't it a +queer word for an orange? He says he'd like you to eat _maquila_.' + +"'Does he?' said the Englishman. 'Very well, bring more _maquila_ +to-morrow.' + +"While we were talking a servant came in and said dinner was ready. +Then the Englishman stood up, gave me a piastre, and offered his arm +to Carmen, as if she couldn't have walked alone. Carmen, who was still +laughing, said to me: + +"'My boy, I can't ask you to dinner. But to-morrow, as soon as you hear +the drums beat for parade, come here with your oranges. You'll find a +better furnished room than the one in the _Calle del Candilejo_, and +you'll see whether I am still your _Carmencita_. Then afterwards we'll +talk about gipsy business.' + +"I gave her no answer--even when I was in the street I could hear the +Englishman shouting, 'Bring more _maquila_ to-morrow,' and Carmen's +peals of laughter. + +"I went out, not knowing what I should do; I hardly slept, and next +morning I was so enraged with the treacherous creature that I made up +my mind to leave Gibraltar without seeing her again. But the moment +the drums began to roll, my courage failed me. I took up my net full of +oranges, and hurried off to Carmen's house. Her window-shutters had been +pulled apart a little, and I saw her great dark eyes watching for me. +The powdered servant showed me in at once. Carmen sent him out with a +message, and as soon as we were alone she burst into one of her fits of +crocodile laughter and threw her arms around my neck. Never had I seen +her look so beautiful. She was dressed out like a queen, and scented; +she had silken furniture, embroidered curtains--and I togged out like +the thief I was! + +"'_Minchorro_,' said Carmen, 'I've a good mind to smash up everything +here, set fire to the house, and take myself off to the mountains.' And +then she would fondle me, and then she would laugh, and she danced about +and tore up her fripperies. Never did monkey gambol nor make such faces, +nor play such wild tricks, as she did that day. When she had recovered +her gravity-- + +"'Hark!' she said, 'this is gipsy business. I mean him to take me to +Ronda, where I have a sister who is a nun' (here she shrieked with +laughter again). 'We shall pass by a particular spot which I shall make +known to you. Then you must fall upon him and strip him to the skin. +Your best plan would be to do for him, but,' she added, with a certain +fiendish smile of hers, which no one who saw it ever had any desire to +imitate, 'do you know what you had better do? Let _El Tuerto_ come up +in front of you. You keep a little behind. The crayfish is brave, and +skilful too, and he has good pistols. Do you understand?' + +"And she broke off with another fit of laughter that made me shiver. + +"'No,' said I, 'I hate Garcia, but he's my comrade. Some day, maybe, +I'll rid you of him, but we'll settle our account after the fashion of +my country. It's only chance that has made me a gipsy, and in certain +things I shall always be a thorough Navarrese,* as the proverb says. + + * _Navarro fino_. + +"'You're a fool,' she rejoined, 'a simpleton, a regular _payllo_. You're +just like the dwarf who thinks himself tall because he can spit a long +way.* You don't love me! Be off with you!' + + * _Or esorjle de or marsichisle, sin chisnar lachinguel_. + "The promise of a dwarf is that he will spit a long way."--A + gipsy proverb. + +"Whenever she said to me 'Be off with you," I couldn't go away. I +promised I would start back to my comrades and wait the arrival of the +Englishman. She, on her side, promised she would be ill until she left +Gibraltar for Ronda. + +"I remained at Gibraltar two days longer. She had the boldness to +disguise herself and come and see me at the inn. I departed, I had a +plan of my own. I went back to our meeting-place with the information as +to the spot and the hour at which the Englishman and Carmen were to pass +by. I found _El Dancaire_ and Garcia waiting for me. We spent the night +in a wood, beside a fire made of pine-cones that blazed splendidly. I +suggested to Garcia that we should play cards, and he agreed. In the +second game I told him he was cheating; he began to laugh; I threw the +cards in his face. He tried to get at his blunderbuss. I set my foot on +it, and said, 'They say you can use a knife as well as the best ruffian +in Malaga; will you try it with me?' _El Dancaire_ tried to part us. I +had given Garcia one or two cuffs, his rage had given him courage, he +drew his knife, and I drew mine. We both of us told _El Dancaire_ he +must leave us alone, and let us fight it out. He saw there was no means +of stopping us, so he stood on one side. Garcia was already bent double, +like a cat ready to spring upon a mouse. He held his hat in his +left hand to parry with, and his knife in front of him--that's their +Andalusian guard. I stood up in the Navarrese fashion, with my left arm +raised, my left leg forward, and my knife held straight along my right +thigh. I felt I was stronger than any giant. He flew at me like an +arrow. I turned round on my left foot, so that he found nothing in front +of him. But I thrust him in the throat, and the knife went in so far +that my hand was under his chin. I gave the blade such a twist that it +broke. That was the end. The blade was carried out of the wound by a +gush of blood as thick as my arm, and he fell full length on his face. + +"'What have you done?' said _El Dancaire_ to me. + +"'Hark ye,' said I, 'we couldn't live on together. I love Carmen and I +mean to be the only one. And besides, Garcia was a villain. I remember +what he did to that poor _Remendado_. There are only two of us left now, +but we are both good fellows. Come, will you have me for your friend, +for life or death?' + +"_El Dancaire_ stretched out his hand. He was a man of fifty. + +"'Devil take these love stories!' he cried. 'If you'd asked him for +Carmen he'd have sold her to you for a piastre! There are only two of us +now--how shall we manage for to-morrow?' + +"'I'll manage it all alone,' I answered. 'I can snap my fingers at the +whole world now.' + +"We buried Garcia, and we moved our camp two hundred paces farther on. +The next morning Carmen and her Englishman came along with two muleteers +and a servant. I said to _El Dancaire_: + +"'I'll look after the Englishman, you frighten the others--they're not +armed!' + +"The Englishman was a plucky fellow. He'd have killed me if Carmen +hadn't jogged his elbow. + +"To put it shortly, I won Carmen back that day, and my first words were +to tell her she was a widow. + +"When she knew how it had all happened-- + +"'You'll always be a _lillipendi_,' she said. 'Garcia ought to have +killed you. Your Navarrese guard is a pack of nonsense, and he has sent +far more skilful men than you into the darkness. It was just that his +time had come--and yours will come too.' + +"'Ay, and yours too!--if you're not a faithful _romi_ to me.' + +"'So be it,' said she. 'I've read in the coffee grounds, more than once, +that you and I were to end our lives together. Pshaw! what must be, will +be!' and she rattled her castanets, as was her way when she wanted to +drive away some worrying thought. + +"One runs on when one is talking about one's self. I dare say all these +details bore you, but I shall soon be at the end of my story. Our new +life lasted for some considerable time. _El Dancaire_ and I gathered a +few comrades about us, who were more trustworthy than our earlier ones, +and we turned our attention to smuggling. Occasionally, indeed, I must +confess we stopped travellers on the highways, but never unless we were +at the last extremity, and could not avoid doing so; and besides, we +never ill-treated the travellers, and confined ourselves to taking their +money from them. + +"For some months I was very well satisfied with Carmen. She still served +us in our smuggling operations, by giving us notice of any opportunity +of making a good haul. She remained either at Malaga, at Cordova, or at +Granada, but at a word from me she would leave everything, and come to +meet me at some _venta_ or even in our lonely camp. Only once--it was at +Malaga--she caused me some uneasiness. I heard she had fixed her fancy +upon a very rich merchant, with whom she probably proposed to play her +Gibraltar trick over again. In spite of everything _El Dancaire_ said to +stop me, I started off, walked into Malaga in broad daylight, sought for +Carmen and carried her off instantly. We had a sharp altercation. + +"'Do you know,' said she, 'now that you're my _rom_ for good and all, I +don't care for you so much as when you were my _minchorro_! I won't be +worried, and above all, I won't be ordered about. I choose to be free to +do as I like. Take care you don't drive me too far; if you tire me +out, I'll find some good fellow who'll serve you just as you served _El +Tuerto_.' + +"_El Dancaire_ patched it up between us; but we had said things to each +other that rankled in our hearts, and we were not as we had been before. +Shortly after that we had a misfortune: the soldiers caught us, _El +Dancaire_ and two of my comrades were killed; two others were taken. +I was sorely wounded, and, but for my good horse, I should have fallen +into the soldiers' hands. Half dead with fatigue, and with a bullet in +my body, I sought shelter in a wood, with my only remaining comrade. +When I got off my horse I fainted away, and I thought I was going to +die there in the brushwood, like a shot hare. My comrade carried me to a +cave he knew of, and then he sent to fetch Carmen. + +"She was at Granada, and she hurried to me at once. For a whole +fortnight she never left me for a single instant. She never closed her +eyes; she nursed me with a skill and care such as no woman ever showed +to the man she loved most tenderly. As soon as I could stand on my feet, +she conveyed me with the utmost secrecy to Granada. These gipsy women +find safe shelter everywhere, and I spent more than six weeks in a house +only two doors from that of the _Corregidor_ who was trying to arrest +me. More than once I saw him pass by, from behind the shutter. At last I +recovered, but I had thought a great deal, on my bed of pain, and I had +planned to change my way of life. I suggested to Carmen that we should +leave Spain, and seek an honest livelihood in the New World. She laughed +in my face. + +"'We were not born to plant cabbages,' she cried. 'Our fate is to live +_payllos_! Listen: I've arranged a business with Nathan Ben-Joseph at +Gibraltar. He has cotton stuffs that he can not get through till you +come to fetch them. He knows you're alive, and reckons upon you. What +would our Gibraltar correspondents say if you failed them?' + +"I let myself by persuaded, and took up my vile trade once more. + +"While I was hiding at Granada there were bull-fights there, to which +Carmen went. When she came back she talked a great deal about a skilful +_picador_ of the name of Lucas. She knew the name of his horse, and how +much his embroidered jacket had cost him. I paid no attention to this; +but a few days later, Juanito, the only one of my comrades who was left, +told me he had seen Carmen with Lucas in a shop in the Zacatin. Then +I began to feel alarmed. I asked Carmen how and why she had made the +_picador's_ acquaintance. + +"'He's a man out of whom we may be able to get something,' said she. +'A noisy stream has either water in it or pebbles. He has earned twelve +hundred reals at the bull-fights. It must be one of two things: we +must either have his money, or else, as he is a good rider and a plucky +fellow, we can enroll him in our gang. We have lost such an one an such +an one; you'll have to replace them. Take this man with you!' + +"'I want neither his money nor himself,' I replied, 'and I forbid you to +speak to him.' + +"'Beware!' she retorted. 'If any one defies me to do a thing, it's very +quickly done.' + +"Luckily the _picador_ departed to Malaga, and I set about passing in +the Jew's cotton stuffs. This expedition gave me a great deal to do, and +Carmen as well. I forgot Lucas, and perhaps she forgot him too--for the +moment, at all events. It was just about that time, sir, that I met you, +first at Montilla, and then afterward at Cordova. I won't talk about +that last interview. You know more about it, perhaps, than I do. Carmen +stole your watch from you, she wanted to have your money besides, and +especially that ring I see on your finger, and which she declared to be +a magic ring, the possession of which was very important to her. We had +a violent quarrel, and I struck her. She turned pale and began to cry. +It was the first time I had ever seen her cry, and it affected me in the +most painful manner. I begged her to forgive me, but she sulked with me +for a whole day, and when I started back to Montilla she wouldn't kiss +me. My heart was still very sore, when, three days later, she joined me +with a smiling face and as merry as a lark. Everything was forgotten, +and we were like a pair of honeymoon lovers. Just as we were parting she +said, 'There's a _fete_ at Cordova; I shall go and see it, and then I +shall know what people will be coming away with money, and I can warn +you.' + +"I let her go. When I was alone I thought about the _fete_, and about +the change in Carmen's temper. 'She must have avenged herself already,' +said I to myself, 'since she was the first to make our quarrel up.' A +peasant told me there was to be bull-fighting at Cordova. Then my blood +began to boil, and I went off like a madman straight to the bull-ring. I +had Lucas pointed out to me, and on the bench, just beside the barrier, +I recognised Carmen. One glance at her was enough to turn my suspicion +into certainty. When the first bull appeared Lucas began, as I had +expected to play the agreeable; he snatched the cockade off the bull and +presented it to Carmen, who put it in her hair at once.* + + * _La divisa_. A knot of ribbon, the colour of which + indicates the pasturage from which each bull comes. This + knot of ribbon is fastened into the bull's hide with a sort + of hook, and it is considered the very height of gallantry + to snatch it off the living beast and present it to a woman. + +"The bull avenged me. Lucas was knocked down, with his horse on his +chest, and the bull on top of both of them. I looked for Carmen, she had +disappeared from her place already. I couldn't get out of mine, and I +was obliged to wait until the bull-fight was over. Then I went off to +that house you already know, and waited there quietly all that evening +and part of the night. Toward two o'clock in the morning Carmen came +back, and was rather surprised to see me. + +"'Come with me,' said I. + +"'Very well,' said she, 'let's be off.' + +"I went and got my horse, and took her up behind me, and we travelled +all the rest of the night without saying a word to each other. When +daylight came we stopped at a lonely inn, not far from a hermitage. +There I said to Carmen: + +"'Listen--I forget everything, I won't mention anything to you. But +swear one thing to me--that you'll come with me to America, and live +there quietly!' + +"'No,' said she, in a sulky voice, 'I won't go to America--I am very +well here.' + +"'That's because you're near Lucas. But be very sure that even if +he gets well now, he won't make old bones. And, indeed, why should I +quarrel with him? I'm tired of killing all your lovers; I'll kill you +this time.' + +"She looked at me steadily with her wild eyes, and then she said: + +"'I've always thought you would kill me. The very first time I saw you I +had just met a priest at the door of my house. And to-night, as we were +going out of Cordova, didn't you see anything? A hare ran across the +road between your horse's feet. It is fate.' + +"'Carmencita,' I asked, 'don't you love me any more?' + +"She gave me no answer, she was sitting cross-legged on a mat, making +marks on the ground with her finger. + +"'Let us change our life, Carmen,' said I imploringly. 'Let us go away +and live somewhere we shall never be parted. You know we have a hundred +and twenty gold ounces buried under an oak not far from here, and then +we have more money with Ben-Joseph the Jew.' + +"She began to smile, and then she said, 'Me first, and then you. I know +it will happen like that.' + +"'Think about it,' said I. 'I've come to the end of my patience and my +courage. Make up your mind--or else I must make up mine.' + +"I left her alone and walked toward the hermitage. I found the hermit +praying. I waited till his prayer was finished. I longed to pray myself, +but I couldn't. When he rose up from his knees I went to him. + +"'Father,' I said, 'will you pray for some one who is in great danger?' + +"'I pray for every one who is afflicted,' he replied. + +"'Can you say a mass for a soul which is perhaps about to go into the +presence of its Maker?' + +"'Yes,' he answered, looking hard at me. + +"And as there was something strange about me, he tried to make me talk. + +"'It seems to me that I have seen you somewhere,' said he. + +"I laid a piastre on his bench. + +"'When shall you say the mass?' said I. + +"'In half an hour. The son of the innkeeper yonder is coming to serve +it. Tell me, young man, haven't you something on your conscience that is +tormenting you? Will you listen to a Christian's counsel?' + +"I could hardly restrain my tears. I told him I would come back, and +hurried away. I went and lay down on the grass until I heard the bell. +Then I went back to the chapel, but I stayed outside it. When he had +said the mass, I went back to the _venta_. I was hoping Carmen would +have fled. She could have taken my horse and ridden away. But I found +her there still. She did not choose that any one should say I had +frightened her. While I had been away she had unfastened the hem of her +gown and taken out the lead that weighted it; and now she was sitting +before a table, looking into a bowl of water into which she had just +thrown the lead she had melted. She was so busy with her spells that at +first she didn't notice my return. Sometimes she would take out a bit of +lead and turn it round every way with a melancholy look. Sometimes she +would sing one of those magic songs, which invoke the help of Maria +Padella, Don Pedro's mistress, who is said to have been the _Bari +Crallisa_--the great gipsy queen.* + + * Maria Padella was accused of having bewitched Don Pedro. + According to one popular tradition she presented Queen + Blanche of Bourbon with a golden girdle which, in the eyes + of the bewitched king, took on the appearance of a living + snake. Hence the repugnance he always showed toward the + unhappy princess. + +"'Carmen,' I said to her, 'will you come with me?' She rose, threw away +her wooden bowl, and put her mantilla over her head ready to start. My +horse was led up, she mounted behind me, and we rode away. + +"After we had gone a little distance I said to her, 'So, my Carmen, you +are quite ready to follow me, isn't that so?' + +"She answered, 'Yes, I'll follow you, even to death--but I won't live +with you any more.' + +"We had reached a lonely gorge. I stopped my horse. + +"'Is this the place?' she said. + +"And with a spring she reached the ground. She took off her mantilla and +threw it at her feet, and stood motionless, with one hand on her hip, +looking at me steadily. + +"'You mean to kill me, I see that well,' said she. 'It is fate. But +you'll never make me give in.' + +"I said to her: 'Be rational, I implore you; listen to me. All the +past is forgotten. Yet you know it is you who have been my ruin--it is +because of you that I am a robber and a murderer. Carmen, my Carmen, let +me save you, and save myself with you.' + +"'Jose,' she answered, 'what you ask is impossible. I don't love you +any more. You love me still, and that is why you want to kill me. If +I liked, I might tell you some other lie, but I don't choose to give +myself the trouble. Everything is over between us two. You are my _rom_, +and you have the right to kill your _romi_, but Carmen will always be +free. A _calli_ she was born, and a _calli_ she'll die.' + +"'Then, you love Lucas?' I asked. + +"'Yes, I have loved him--as I loved you--for an instant--less than I +loved you, perhaps. But now I don't love anything, and I hate myself for +ever having loved you.' + +"I cast myself at her feet, I seized her hands, I watered them with my +tears, I reminded her of all the happy moments we had spent together, +I offered to continue my brigand's life, if that would please her. +Everything, sir, everything--I offered her everything if she would only +love me again. + +"She said: + +"'Love you again? That's not possible! Live with you? I will not do it!' + +"I was wild with fury. I drew my knife, I would have had her look +frightened, and sue for mercy--but that woman was a demon. + +"I cried, 'For the last time I ask you. Will you stay with me?' + +"'No! no! no!' she said, and she stamped her foot. + +"Then she pulled a ring I had given her off her finger, and cast it into +the brushwood. + +"I struck her twice over--I had taken Garcia's knife, because I had +broken my own. At the second thrust she fell without a sound. It seems +to me that I can still see her great black eyes staring at me. Then they +grew dim and the lids closed. + +"For a good hour I lay there prostrate beside her corpse. Then I +recollected that Carmen had often told me that she would like to lie +buried in a wood. I dug a grave for her with my knife and laid her in +it. I hunted about a long time for her ring, and I found it at last. +I put it into the grave beside her, with a little cross--perhaps I did +wrong. Then I got upon my horse, galloped to Cordova, and gave myself up +at the nearest guard-room. I told them I had killed Carmen, but I would +not tell them where her body was. That hermit was a holy man! He prayed +for her--he said a mass for her soul. Poor child! It's the _calle_ who +are to blame for having brought her up as they did." + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over +Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so +forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers. Most of these people +live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern +provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom +of Murcia. There are a great many of them in Catalonia. These last +frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our +southern fairs. The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, +mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and +brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices. +The women tell fortunes, beg, and sell all sorts of drugs, some of which +are innocent, while some are not. The physical characteristics of the +gipsies are more easily distinguished then described, and when you have +known one, you should be able to recognise a member of the race among +a thousand other men. It is by their physiognomy and expression, +especially, that they differ from the other inhabitants of the same +country. Their complexion is exceedingly swarthy, always darker than +that of the race among whom they live. Hence the name of _cale_ (blacks) +which they frequently apply to themselves.* Their eyes, set with a +decided slant, are large, very black, and shaded by long and heavy +lashes. Their glance can only be compared to that of a wild creature. It +is full at once of boldness and shyness, and in this respect their eyes +are a fair indication of their national character, which is cunning, +bold, but with "the natural fear of blows," like Panurge. Most of the +men are strapping fellows, slight and active. I don't think I ever saw +a gipsy who had grown fat. In Germany the gipsy women are often very +pretty; but beauty is very uncommon among the Spanish gitanas. When very +young, they may pass as being attractive in their ugliness, but once +they have reached motherhood, they become absolutely repulsive. The +filthiness of both sexes is incredible, and no one who has not seen a +gipsy matron's hair can form any conception of what it is, not even +if he conjures up the roughest, the greasiest, and the dustiest heads +imaginable. In some of the large Andalusian towns certain of the gipsy +girls, somewhat better looking than their fellows, will take more care +of their personal appearance. These go out and earn money by performing +dances strongly resembling those forbidden at our public balls in +carnival time. An English missionary, Mr. Borrow, the author of two very +interesting works on the Spanish gipsies, whom he undertook to convert +on behalf of the Bible Society, declares there is no instance of any +gitana showing the smallest weakness for a man not belonging to her +own race. The praise he bestows upon their chastity strikes me as being +exceedingly exaggerated. In the first place, the great majority are +in the position of the ugly woman described by Ovid, "_Casta quam nemo +rogavit_." As for the pretty ones, they are, like all Spanish women, +very fastidious in choosing their lovers. Their fancy must be taken, +and their favour must be earned. Mr. Borrow quotes, in proof of their +virtue, one trait which does honour to his own, and especially to his +simplicity: he declares that an immoral man of his acquaintance offered +several gold ounces to a pretty gitana, and offered them in vain. An +Andalusian, to whom I retailed this anecdote, asserted that the immoral +man in question would have been far more successful if he had shown the +girl two or three piastres, and that to offer gold ounces to a gipsy was +as poor a method of persuasion as to promise a couple of millions to a +tavern wench. However that may be, it is certain that the gitana shows +the most extraordinary devotion to her husband. There is no danger and +no suffering she will not brave, to help him in his need. One of the +names which the gipsies apply to themselves, _Rome_, or "the married +couple," seems to me a proof of their racial respect for the married +state. Speaking generally, it may be asserted that their chief virtue is +their patriotism--if we may thus describe the fidelity they observe in +all their relations with persons of the same origin as their own, their +readiness to help one another, and the inviolable secrecy which they +keep for each other's benefit, in all compromising matters. And indeed +something of the same sort may be noticed in all mysterious associations +which are beyond the pale of the law. + + * It has struck me that the German gipsies, though they + thoroughly understand the word _cale_, do not care to be + called by that name. Among themselves they always use the + designation _Romane tchave_. + +Some months ago, I paid a visit to a gipsy tribe in the Vosges country. +In the hut of an old woman, the oldest member of the tribe, I found +a gipsy, in no way related to the family, who was sick of a mortal +disease. The man had left a hospital, where he was well cared for, so +that he might die among his own people. For thirteen weeks he had been +lying in bed in their encampment, and receiving far better treatment +than any of the sons and sons-in-law who shared his shelter. He had a +good bed made of straw and moss, and sheets that were tolerably white, +whereas all the rest of the family, which numbered eleven persons, slept +on planks three feet long. So much for their hospitality. This very same +woman, humane as was her treatment of her guest said to me constantly +before the sick man: "_Singo, singo, homte hi mulo_." "Soon, soon he +must die!" After all, these people live such miserable lives, that a +reference to the approach of death can have no terrors for them. + +One remarkable feature in the gipsy character is their indifference +about religion. Not that they are strong-minded or sceptical. They +have never made any profession of atheism. Far from that, indeed, the +religion of the country which they inhabit is always theirs; but they +change their religion when they change the country of their residence. +They are equally free from the superstitions which replace religious +feeling in the minds of the vulgar. How, indeed, can superstition exist +among a race which, as a rule, makes its livelihood out of the credulity +of others? Nevertheless, I have remarked a particular horror of touching +a corpse among the Spanish gipsies. Very few of these could be induced +to carry a dead man to his grave, even if they were paid for it. + +I have said that most gipsy women undertake to tell fortunes. They do +this very successfully. But they find a much greater source of profit +in the sale of charms and love-philters. Not only do they supply toads' +claws to hold fickle hearts, and powdered loadstone to kindle love in +cold ones, but if necessity arises, they can use mighty incantations, +which force the devil to lend them his aid. Last year the following +story was related to me by a Spanish lady. She was walking one day along +the _Calle d'Alcala_, feeling very sad and anxious. A gipsy woman who +was squatting on the pavement called out to her, "My pretty lady, your +lover has played you false!" (It was quite true.) "Shall I get him +back for you?" My readers will imagine with what joy the proposal was +accepted, and how complete was the confidence inspired by a person who +could thus guess the inmost secrets of the heart. As it would have been +impossible to proceed to perform the operations of magic in the most +crowded street in Madrid, a meeting was arranged for the next day. +"Nothing will be easier than to bring back the faithless one to your +feet!" said the gitana. "Do you happen to have a handkerchief, a scarf, +or a mantilla, that he gave you?" A silken scarf was handed her. "Now +sew a piastre into one corner of the scarf with crimson silk--sew half +a piastre into another corner--sew a peseta here--and a two-real piece +there; then, in the middle you must sew a gold coin--a doubloon would be +best." The doubloon and all the other coins were duly sewn in. "Now give +me the scarf, and I'll take it to the Campo Santo when midnight strikes. +You come along with me, if you want to see a fine piece of witchcraft. +I promise you shall see the man you love to-morrow!" The gipsy departed +alone for the Campo Santo, since my Spanish friend was too much afraid +of witchcraft to go there with her. I leave my readers to guess whether +my poor forsaken lady ever saw her lover, or her scarf, again. + +In spite of their poverty and the sort of aversion they inspire, the +gipsies are treated with a certain amount of consideration by the more +ignorant folk, and they are very proud of it. They feel themselves to be +a superior race as regards intelligence, and they heartily despise the +people whose hospitality they enjoy. "These Gentiles are so stupid," +said one of the Vosges gipsies to me, "that there is no credit in taking +them in. The other day a peasant woman called out to me in the street. +I went into her house. Her stove smoked and she asked me to give her a +charm to cure it. First of all I made her give me a good bit of bacon, +and then I began to mumble a few words in _Romany_. 'You're a fool,' I +said, 'you were born a fool, and you'll die a fool!' When I had got near +the door I said to her, in good German, 'The most certain way of keeping +your stove from smoking is not to light any fire in it!' and then I took +to my heels." + +The history of the gipsies is still a problem. We know, indeed, that +their first bands, which were few and far between, appeared in Eastern +Europe towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. But nobody can +tell whence they started, or why they came to Europe, and, what is still +more extraordinary, no one knows how they multiplied, within a short +time, and in so prodigious a fashion, and in several countries, all +very remote from each other. The gipsies themselves have preserved no +tradition whatsoever as to their origin, and though most of them do +speak of Egypt as their original fatherland, that is only because they +have adopted a very ancient fable respecting their race. + +Most of the Orientalists who have studied the gipsy language believe +that the cradle of the race was in India. It appears, in fact, that +many of the roots and grammatical forms of the _Romany_ tongue are to +be found in idioms derived from the Sanskrit. As may be imagined, the +gipsies, during their long wanderings, have adopted many foreign words. +In every _Romany_ dialect a number of Greek words appear. + +At the present day the gipsies have almost as many dialects as there are +separate hordes of their race. Everywhere, they speak the language of +the country they inhabit more easily than their own idiom, which +they seldom use, except with the object of conversing freely before +strangers. A comparison of the dialect of the German gipsies with that +used by the Spanish gipsies, who have held no communication with each +other for several centuries, reveals the existence of a great number of +words common to both. But everywhere the original language is notably +affected, though in different degrees, by its contact with the more +cultivated languages into the use of which the nomads have been forced. +German in one case and Spanish in the other have so modified the +_Romany_ groundwork that it would not be possible for a gipsy from the +Black Forest to converse with one of his Andalusian brothers, although a +few sentences on each side would suffice to convince them that each was +speaking a dialect of the same language. Certain words in very frequent +use are, I believe, common to every dialect. Thus, in every vocabulary +which I have been able to consult, _pani_ means water, _manro_ means +bread, _mas_ stands for meat, and _lon_ for salt. + +The nouns of number are almost the same in every case. The German +dialect seems to me much purer than the Spanish, for it has preserved +numbers of the primitive grammatical forms, whereas the Gitanos have +adopted those of the Castilian tongue. Nevertheless, some words are an +exception, as though to prove that the language was originally common +to all. The preterite of the German dialect is formed by adding _ium_ +to the imperative, which is always the root of the verb. In the +Spanish _Romany_ the verbs are all conjugated on the model of the first +conjugation of the Castilian verbs. From _jamar_, the infinitive of "to +eat," the regular conjugation should be _jame_, "I have eaten." From +_lillar_, "to take," _lille_, "I have taken." Yet, some old gipsies +say, as an exception, _jayon_ and _lillon_. I am not acquainted with any +other verbs which have preserved this ancient form. + +While I am thus showing off my small acquaintance with the _Romany_ +language, I must notice a few words of French slang which our thieves +have borrowed from the gipsies. From _Les Mysteres de Paris_ honest +folk have learned that the word _chourin_ means "a knife." This is +pure _Romany_--_tchouri_ is one of the words which is common to every +dialect. Monsieur Vidocq calls a horse _gres_--this again is a gipsy +word--_gras_, _gre_, _graste_, and _gris_. Add to this the word +_romanichel_, by which the gipsies are described in Parisian slang. +This is a corruption of _romane tchave_--"gipsy lads." But a piece of +etymology of which I am really proud is that of the word _frimousse_, +"face," "countenance"--a word which every schoolboy uses, or did use, in +my time. Note, in the first place, the Oudin, in his curious dictionary, +published in 1640, wrote the word _firlimouse_. Now in _Romany_, +_firla_, or _fila_, stands for "face," and has the same meaning--it +is exactly the _os_ of the Latins. The combination of _firlamui_ was +instantly understood by a genuine gipsy, and I believe it to be true to +the spirit of the gipsy language. + +I have surely said enough to give the readers of Carmen a favourable +idea of my _Romany_ studies. I will conclude with the following proverb, +which comes in very appropriately: _En retudi panda nasti abela macha_. +"Between closed lips no fly can pass." + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + +***** This file should be named 2465-8.txt or 2465-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/2465/ + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.zip b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc27e46 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-8.zip diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h.zip b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c031d4b --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h.zip diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h/2465-h.htm b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h/2465-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f2df39 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465-h/2465-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3288 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> + <title> + Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;} + .pagenum {display:inline; font-size: 70%; font-style:normal; + margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%; + text-align: right;} + pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} + +</style> + </head> + <body> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Carmen + +Author: Prosper Merimee + +Translator: Lady Mary Loyd + +Release Date: March 28, 2006 [EBook #2465] +Last Updated: October 25, 2016 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + + + + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + + + + + +</pre> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h1> + CARMEN + </h1> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <h2> + by Prosper Merimee + </h2> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h3> + Translated by Lady Mary Loyd + </h3> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h2> + Contents + </h2> + <table summary="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto"> + <tr> + <td> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV </a> + </p> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h2> + CHAPTER I + </h2> + <p> + I had always suspected the geographical authorities did not know what they + were talking about when they located the battlefield of Munda in the + county of the Bastuli-Poeni, close to the modern Monda, some two leagues + north of Marbella. + </p> + <p> + According to my own surmise, founded on the text of the anonymous author + of the <i>Bellum Hispaniense</i>, and on certain information culled from + the excellent library owned by the Duke of Ossuna, I believed the site of + the memorable struggle in which Caesar played double or quits, once and + for all, with the champions of the Republic, should be sought in the + neighbourhood of Montilla. + </p> + <p> + Happening to be in Andalusia during the autumn of 1830, I made a somewhat + lengthy excursion, with the object of clearing up certain doubts which + still oppressed me. A paper which I shall shortly publish will, I trust, + remove any hesitation that may still exist in the minds of all honest + archaeologists. But before that dissertation of mine finally settles the + geographical problem on the solution of which the whole of learned Europe + hangs, I desire to relate a little tale. It will do no prejudice to the + interesting question of the correct locality of Monda. + </p> + <p> + I had hired a guide and a couple of horses at Cordova, and had started on + my way with no luggage save a few shirts, and Caesar’s <i>Commentaries</i>. + As I wandered, one day, across the higher lands of the Cachena plain, worn + with fatigue, parched with thirst, scorched by a burning sun, cursing + Caesar and Pompey’s sons alike, most heartily, my eye lighted, at some + distance from the path I was following, on a little stretch of green sward + dotted with reeds and rushes. That betokened the neighbourhood of some + spring, and, indeed, as I drew nearer I perceived that what had looked + like sward was a marsh, into which a stream, which seemed to issue from a + narrow gorge between two high spurs of the Sierra di Cabra, ran and + disappeared. + </p> + <p> + If I rode up that stream, I argued, I was likely to find cooler water, + fewer leeches and frogs, and mayhap a little shade among the rocks. + </p> + <p> + At the mouth of the gorge, my horse neighed, and another horse, invisible + to me, neighed back. Before I had advanced a hundred paces, the gorge + suddenly widened, and I beheld a sort of natural amphitheatre, thoroughly + shaded by the steep cliffs that lay all around it. It was impossible to + imagine any more delightful halting place for a traveller. At the foot of + the precipitous rocks, the stream bubbled upward and fell into a little + basin, lined with sand that was as white as snow. Five or six splendid + evergreen oaks, sheltered from the wind, and cooled by the spring, grew + beside the pool, and shaded it with their thick foliage. And round about + it a close and glossy turf offered the wanderer a better bed than he could + have found in any hostelry for ten leagues round. + </p> + <p> + The honour of discovering this fair spot did not belong to me. A man was + resting there already—sleeping, no doubt—before I reached it. + Roused by the neighing of the horses, he had risen to his feet and had + moved over to his mount, which had been taking advantage of its master’s + slumbers to make a hearty feed on the grass that grew around. He was an + active young fellow, of middle height, but powerful in build, and proud + and sullen-looking in expression. His complexion, which may once have been + fine, had been tanned by the sun till it was darker than his hair. One of + his hands grasped his horse’s halter. In the other he held a brass + blunderbuss. + </p> + <p> + At the first blush, I confess, the blunderbuss, and the savage looks of + the man who bore it, somewhat took me aback. But I had heard so much about + robbers, that, never seeing any, I had ceased to believe in their + existence. And further, I had seen so many honest farmers arm themselves + to the teeth before they went out to market, that the sight of firearms + gave me no warrant for doubting the character of any stranger. “And then,” + quoth I to myself, “what could he do with my shirts and my Elzevir edition + of Caesar’s <i>Commentaries</i>?” So I bestowed a friendly nod on the man + with the blunderbuss, and inquired, with a smile, whether I had disturbed + his nap. Without any answer, he looked me over from head to foot. Then, as + if the scrutiny had satisfied him, he looked as closely at my guide, who + was just coming up. I saw the guide turn pale, and pull up with an air of + evident alarm. “An unlucky meeting!” thought I to myself. But prudence + instantly counselled me not to let any symptom of anxiety escape me. So I + dismounted. I told the guide to take off the horses’ bridles, and kneeling + down beside the spring, I laved my head and hands and then drank a long + draught, lying flat on my belly, like Gideon’s soldiers. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile, I watched the stranger, and my own guide. This last seemed to + come forward unwillingly. But the other did not appear to have any evil + designs upon us. For he had turned his horse loose, and the blunderbuss, + which he had been holding horizontally, was now dropped earthward. + </p> + <p> + Not thinking it necessary to take offence at the scant attention paid me, + I stretched myself full length upon the grass, and calmly asked the owner + of the blunderbuss whether he had a light about him. At the same time I + pulled out my cigar-case. The stranger, still without opening his lips, + took out his flint, and lost no time in getting me a light. He was + evidently growing tamer, for he sat down opposite to me, though he still + grasped his weapon. When I had lighted my cigar, I chose out the best I + had left, and asked him whether he smoked. + </p> + <p> + “Yes, senor,” he replied. These were the first words I had heard him + speak, and I noticed that he did not pronounce the letter <i>s</i>* in the + Andalusian fashion, whence I concluded he was a traveller, like myself, + though, maybe, somewhat less of an archaeologist. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * The Andalusians aspirate the <i>s</i>, and pronounce it like + the soft <i>c</i> and the <i>z</i>, which Spaniards pronounce like the + English <i>th</i>. An Andalusian may always be recognised by the + way in which he says <i>senor</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “You’ll find this a fairly good one,” said I, holding out a real Havana + regalia. + </p> + <p> + He bowed his head slightly, lighted his cigar at mine, thanked me with + another nod, and began to smoke with a most lively appearance of + enjoyment. + </p> + <p> + “Ah!” he exclaimed, as he blew his first puff of smoke slowly out of his + ears and nostrils. “What a time it is since I’ve had a smoke!” + </p> + <p> + In Spain the giving and accepting of a cigar establishes bonds of + hospitality similar to those founded in Eastern countries on the partaking + of bread and salt. My friend turned out more talkative than I had hoped. + However, though he claimed to belong to the <i>partido</i> of Montilla, he + seemed very ill-informed about the country. He did not know the name of + the delightful valley in which we were sitting, he could not tell me the + names of any of the neighbouring villages, and when I inquired whether he + had not noticed any broken-down walls, broad-rimmed tiles, or carved + stones in the vicinity, he confessed he had never paid any heed to such + matters. On the other hand, he showed himself an expert in horseflesh, + found fault with my mount—not a difficult affair—and gave me a + pedigree of his own, which had come from the famous stud at Cordova. It + was a splendid creature, indeed, so tough, according to its owner’s claim, + that it had once covered thirty leagues in one day, either at the gallop + or at full trot the whole time. In the midst of his story the stranger + pulled up short, as if startled and sorry he had said so much. “The fact + is I was in a great hurry to get to Cordova,” he went on, somewhat + embarrassed. “I had to petition the judges about a lawsuit.” As he spoke, + he looked at my guide Antonio, who had dropped his eyes. + </p> + <p> + The spring and the cool shade were so delightful that I bethought me of + certain slices of an excellent ham, which my friends at Montilla had + packed into my guide’s wallet. I bade him produce them, and invited the + stranger to share our impromptu lunch. If he had not smoked for a long + time, he certainly struck me as having fasted for eight-and-forty hours at + the very least. He ate like a starving wolf, and I thought to myself that + my appearance must really have been quite providential for the poor + fellow. Meanwhile my guide ate but little, drank still less, and spoke + never a word, although in the earlier part of our journey he had proved + himself a most unrivalled chatterer. He seemed ill at ease in the presence + of our guest, and a sort of mutual distrust, the cause of which I could + not exactly fathom, seemed to be between them. + </p> + <p> + The last crumbs of bread and scraps of ham had disappeared. We had each + smoked our second cigar; I told the guide to bridle the horses, and was + just about to take leave of my new friend, when he inquired where I was + going to spend the night. + </p> + <p> + Before I had time to notice a sign my guide was making to me I had replied + that I was going to the Venta del Cuervo. + </p> + <p> + “That’s a bad lodging for a gentleman like you, sir! I’m bound there + myself, and if you’ll allow me to ride with you, we’ll go together.” + </p> + <p> + “With pleasure!” I replied, mounting my horse. The guide, who was holding + my stirrup, looked at me meaningly again. I answered by shrugging my + shoulders, as though to assure him I was perfectly easy in my mind, and we + started on our way. + </p> + <p> + Antonio’s mysterious signals, his evident anxiety, a few words dropped by + the stranger, above all, his ride of thirty leagues, and the far from + plausible explanation he had given us of it, had already enabled me to + form an opinion as to the identity of my fellow-traveller. I had no doubt + at all I was in the company of a smuggler, and possibly of a brigand. What + cared I? I knew enough of the Spanish character to be very certain I had + nothing to fear from a man who had eaten and smoked with me. His very + presence would protect me in case of any undesirable meeting. And besides, + I was very glad to know what a brigand was really like. One doesn’t come + across such gentry every day. And there is a certain charm about finding + one’s self in close proximity to a dangerous being, especially when one + feels the being in question to be gentle and tame. + </p> + <p> + I was hoping the stranger might gradually fall into a confidential mood, + and in spite of my guide’s winks, I turned the conversation to the subject + of highwaymen. I need scarcely say that I spoke of them with great + respect. At that time there was a famous brigand in Andalusia, of the name + of Jose-Maria, whose exploits were on every lip. “Supposing I should be + riding along with Jose-Maria!” said I to myself. I told all the stories I + knew about the hero—they were all to his credit, indeed, and loudly + expressed my admiration of his generosity and his valour. + </p> + <p> + “Jose-Maria is nothing but a blackguard,” said the stranger gravely. + </p> + <p> + “Is he just to himself, or is this an excess of modesty?” I queried, + mentally, for by dint of scrutinizing my companion, I had ended by + reconciling his appearance with the description of Jose-Maria which I read + posted up on the gates of various Andalusian towns. “Yes, this must be he—fair + hair, blue eyes, large mouth, good teeth, small hands, fine shirt, a + velvet jacket with silver buttons on it, white leather gaiters, and a bay + horse. Not a doubt about it. But his <i>incognito</i> shall be respected!” + We reached the <i>venta</i>. It was just what he had described to me. In + other words, the most wretched hole of its kind I had as yet beheld. One + large apartment served as kitchen, dining-room, and sleeping chamber. A + fire was burning on a flat stone in the middle of the room, and the smoke + escaped through a hole in the roof, or rather hung in a cloud some feet + above the soil. Along the walls five or six mule rugs were spread on the + floor. These were the travellers’ beds. Twenty paces from the house, or + rather from the solitary apartment which I have just described, stood a + sort of shed, that served for a stable. + </p> + <p> + The only inhabitants of this delightful dwelling visible at the moment, at + all events, were an old woman, and a little girl of ten or twelve years + old, both of them as black as soot, and dressed in loathsome rags. “Here’s + the sole remnant of the ancient populations of Munda Boetica,” said I to + myself. “O Caesar! O Sextus Pompeius, if you were to revisit this earth + how astounded you would be!” + </p> + <p> + When the old woman saw my travelling companion an exclamation of surprise + escaped her. “Ah! Senor Don Jose!” she cried. + </p> + <p> + Don Jose frowned and lifted his hand with a gesture of authority that + forthwith silenced the old dame. + </p> + <p> + I turned to my guide and gave him to understand, by a sign that no one + else perceived, that I knew all about the man in whose company I was about + to spend the night. Our supper was better than I expected. On a little + table, only a foot high, we were served with an old rooster, fricasseed + with rice and numerous peppers, then more peppers in oil, and finally a <i>gaspacho</i>—a + sort of salad made of peppers. These three highly spiced dishes involved + our frequent recourse to a goatskin filled with Montella wine, which + struck us as being delicious. + </p> + <p> + After our meal was over, I caught sight of a mandolin hanging up against + the wall—in Spain you see mandolins in every corner—and I + asked the little girl, who had been waiting on us, if she knew how to play + it. + </p> + <p> + “No,” she replied. “But Don Jose does play well!” + </p> + <p> + “Do me the kindness to sing me something,” I said to him, “I’m + passionately fond of your national music.” + </p> + <p> + “I can’t refuse to do anything for such a charming gentleman, who gives me + such excellent cigars,” responded Don Jose gaily, and having made the + child give him the mandolin, he sang to his own accompaniment. His voice, + though rough, was pleasing, the air he sang was strange and sad. As to the + words, I could not understand a single one of them. + </p> + <p> + “If I am not mistaken,” said I, “that’s not a Spanish air you have just + been singing. It’s like the <i>zorzicos</i> I’ve heard in the Provinces,* + and the words must be in the Basque language.” + </p> + <p> + * The <i>privileged Provinces</i>, Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa, and a part of + Navarre, which all enjoy special <i>fueros</i>. The Basque language is + spoken in these countries. + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Don Jose, with a gloomy look. He laid the mandolin down on the + ground, and began staring with a peculiarly sad expression at the dying + fire. His face, at once fierce and noble-looking, reminded me, as the + firelight fell on it, of Milton’s Satan. Like him, perchance, my comrade + was musing over the home he had forfeited, the exile he had earned, by + some misdeed. I tried to revive the conversation, but so absorbed was he + in melancholy thought, that he gave me no answer. + </p> + <p> + The old woman had already gone to rest in a corner of the room, behind a + ragged rug hung on a rope. The little girl had followed her into this + retreat, sacred to the fair sex. Then my guide rose, and suggested that I + should go with him to the stable. But at the word Don Jose, waking, as it + were, with a start, inquired sharply whither he was going. + </p> + <p> + “To the stable,” answered the guide. + </p> + <p> + “What for? The horses have been fed! You can sleep here. The senor will + give you leave.” + </p> + <p> + “I’m afraid the senor’s horse is sick. I’d like the senor to see it. + Perhaps he’d know what should be done for it.” + </p> + <p> + It was quite clear to me that Antonio wanted to speak to me apart. + </p> + <p> + But I did not care to rouse Don Jose’s suspicions, and being as we were, I + thought far the wisest course for me was to appear absolutely confident. + </p> + <p> + I therefore told Antonio that I knew nothing on earth about horses, and + that I was desperately sleepy. Don Jose followed him to the stable, and + soon returned alone. He told me there was nothing the matter with the + horse, but that my guide considered the animal such a treasure that he was + scrubbing it with his jacket to make it sweat, and expected to spend the + night in that pleasing occupation. Meanwhile I had stretched myself out on + the mule rugs, having carefully wrapped myself up in my own cloak, so as + to avoid touching them. Don Jose, having begged me to excuse the liberty + he took in placing himself so near me, lay down across the door, but not + until he had primed his blunderbuss afresh and carefully laid it under the + wallet, which served him as a pillow. + </p> + <p> + I had thought I was so tired that I should be able to sleep even in such a + lodging. But within an hour a most unpleasant itching sensation roused me + from my first nap. As soon as I realized its nature, I rose to my feet, + feeling convinced I should do far better to spend the rest of the night in + the open air than beneath that inhospitable roof. Walking tiptoe I reached + the door, stepped over Don Jose, who was sleeping the sleep of the just, + and managed so well that I got outside the building without waking him. + Just beside the door there was a wide wooden bench. I lay down upon it, + and settled myself, as best I could, for the remainder of the night. I was + just closing my eyes for a second time when I fancied I saw the shadow of + a man and then the shadow of a horse moving absolutely noiselessly, one + behind the other. I sat upright, and then I thought I recognised Antonio. + Surprised to see him outside the stable at such an hour, I got up and went + toward him. He had seen me first, and had stopped to wait for me. + </p> + <p> + “Where is he?” Antonio inquired in a low tone. + </p> + <p> + “In the <i>venta</i>. He’s asleep. The bugs don’t trouble him. But what + are you going to do with that horse?” I then noticed that, to stifle all + noise as he moved out of the shed, Antonio had carefully muffled the + horse’s feet in the rags of an old blanket. + </p> + <p> + “Speak lower, for God’s sake,” said Antonio. “You don’t know who that man + is. He’s Jose Navarro, the most noted bandit in Andalusia. I’ve been + making signs to you all day long, and you wouldn’t understand.” + </p> + <p> + “What do I care whether he’s a brigand or not,” I replied. “He hasn’t + robbed us, and I’ll wager he doesn’t want to.” + </p> + <p> + “That may be. But there are two hundred ducats on his head. Some lancers + are stationed in a place I know, a league and a half from here, and before + daybreak I’ll bring a few brawny fellows back with me. I’d have taken his + horse away, but the brute’s so savage that nobody but Navarro can go near + it.” + </p> + <p> + “Devil take you!” I cried. “What harm has the poor fellow done you that + you should want to inform against him? And besides, are you certain he is + the brigand you take him for?” + </p> + <p> + “Perfectly certain! He came after me into the stable just now, and said, + ‘You seem to know me. If you tell that good gentleman who I am, I’ll blow + your brains out!’ You stay here, sir, keep close to him. You’ve nothing to + fear. As long as he knows you are there, he won’t suspect anything.” + </p> + <p> + As we talked, we had moved so far from the <i>venta</i> that the noise of + the horse’s hoofs could not be heard there. In a twinkling Antonio + snatched off the rags he had wrapped around the creature’s feet, and was + just about to climb on its back. In vain did I attempt with prayers and + threats to restrain him. + </p> + <p> + “I’m only a poor man, senor,” quoth he, “I can’t afford to lose two + hundred ducats—especially when I shall earn them by ridding the + country of such vermin. But mind what you’re about! If Navarro wakes up, + he’ll snatch at his blunderbuss, and then look out for yourself! I’ve gone + too far now to turn back. Do the best you can for yourself!” + </p> + <p> + The villain was in his saddle already, he spurred his horse smartly, and I + soon lost sight of them both in the darkness. + </p> + <p> + I was very angry with my guide, and terribly alarmed as well. After a + moment’s reflection, I made up my mind, and went back to the <i>venta</i>. + Don Jose was still sound asleep, making up, no doubt, for the fatigue and + sleeplessness of several days of adventure. I had to shake him roughly + before I could wake him up. Never shall I forget his fierce look, and the + spring he made to get hold of his blunderbuss, which, as a precautionary + measure, I had removed to some distance from his couch. + </p> + <p> + “Senor,” I said, “I beg your pardon for disturbing you. But I have a silly + question to ask you. Would you be glad to see half a dozen lancers walk in + here?” + </p> + <p> + He bounded to his feet, and in an awful voice he demanded: + </p> + <p> + “Who told you?” + </p> + <p> + “It’s little matter whence the warning comes, so long as it be good.” + </p> + <p> + “Your guide has betrayed me—but he shall pay for it! Where is he?” + </p> + <p> + “I don’t know. In the stable, I fancy. But somebody told me—” + </p> + <p> + “Who told you? It can’t be the old hag—” + </p> + <p> + “Some one I don’t know. Without more parleying, tell me, yes or no, have + you any reason for not waiting till the soldiers come? If you have any, + lose no time! If not, good-night to you, and forgive me for having + disturbed your slumbers!” + </p> + <p> + “Ah, your guide! Your guide! I had my doubts of him at first—but—I’ll + settle with him! Farewell, senor. May God reward you for the service I owe + you! I am not quite so wicked as you think me. Yes, I still have something + in me that an honest man may pity. Farewell, senor! I have only one regret—that + I can not pay my debt to you!” + </p> + <p> + “As a reward for the service I have done you, Don Jose, promise me you’ll + suspect nobody—nor seek for vengeance. Here are some cigars for your + journey. Good luck to you.” And I held out my hand to him. + </p> + <p> + He squeezed it, without a word, took up his wallet and blunderbuss, and + after saying a few words to the old woman in a lingo that I could not + understand, he ran out to the shed. A few minutes later, I heard him + galloping out into the country. + </p> + <p> + As for me, I lay down again on my bench, but I did not go to sleep again. + I queried in my own mind whether I had done right to save a robber, and + possibly a murderer, from the gallows, simply and solely because I had + eaten ham and rice in his company. Had I not betrayed my guide, who was + supporting the cause of law and order? Had I not exposed him to a + ruffian’s vengeance? But then, what about the laws of hospitality? + </p> + <p> + “A mere savage prejudice,” said I to myself. “I shall have to answer for + all the crimes this brigand may commit in future.” Yet is that instinct of + the conscience which resists every argument really a prejudice? It may be + I could not have escaped from the delicate position in which I found + myself without remorse of some kind. I was still tossed to and fro, in the + greatest uncertainty as to the morality of my behaviour, when I saw half a + dozen horsemen ride up, with Antonio prudently lagging behind them. I went + to meet them, and told them the brigand had fled over two hours + previously. The old woman, when she was questioned by the sergeant, + admitted that she knew Navarro, but said that living alone, as she did, + she would never have dared to risk her life by informing against him. She + added that when he came to her house, he habitually went away in the + middle of the night. I, for my part, was made to ride to a place some + leagues away, where I showed my passport, and signed a declaration before + the <i>Alcalde</i>. This done, I was allowed to recommence my + archaeological investigations. Antonio was sulky with me; suspecting it + was I who had prevented his earning those two hundred ducats. + Nevertheless, we parted good friends at Cordova, where I gave him as large + a gratuity as the state of my finances would permit. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER II + </h2> + <p> + I spent several days at Cordova. I had been told of a certain manuscript + in the library of the Dominican convent which was likely to furnish me + with very interesting details about the ancient Munda. The good fathers + gave me the most kindly welcome. I spent the daylight hours within their + convent, and at night I walked about the town. At Cordova a great many + idlers collect, toward sunset, in the quay that runs along the right bank + of the Guadalquivir. Promenaders on the spot have to breathe the odour of + a tan yard which still keeps up the ancient fame of the country in + connection with the curing of leather. But to atone for this, they enjoy a + sight which has a charm of its own. A few minutes before the Angelus bell + rings, a great company of women gathers beside the river, just below the + quay, which is rather a high one. Not a man would dare to join its ranks. + The moment the Angelus rings, darkness is supposed to have fallen. As the + last stroke sounds, all the women disrobe and step into the water. Then + there is laughing and screaming and a wonderful clatter. The men on the + upper quay watch the bathers, straining their eyes, and seeing very + little. Yet the white uncertain outlines perceptible against the dark-blue + waters of the stream stir the poetic mind, and the possessor of a little + fancy finds it not difficult to imagine that Diana and her nymphs are + bathing below, while he himself runs no risk of ending like Acteon. + </p> + <p> + I have been told that one day a party of good-for-nothing fellows banded + themselves together, and bribed the bell-ringer at the cathedral to ring + the Angelus some twenty minutes before the proper hour. Though it was + still broad daylight, the nymphs of the Guadalquivir never hesitated, and + putting far more trust in the Angelus bell than in the sun, they proceeded + to their bathing toilette—always of the simplest—with an easy + conscience. I was not present on that occasion. In my day, the bell-ringer + was incorruptible, the twilight was very dim, and nobody but a cat could + have distinguished the difference between the oldest orange woman, and the + prettiest shop-girl, in Cordova. + </p> + <p> + One evening, after it had grown quite dusk, I was leaning over the parapet + of the quay, smoking, when a woman came up the steps leading from the + river, and sat down near me. In her hair she wore a great bunch of jasmine—a + flower which, at night, exhales a most intoxicating perfume. She was + dressed simply, almost poorly, in black, as most work-girls are dressed in + the evening. Women of the richer class only wear black in the daytime, at + night they dress <i>a la francesa</i>. When she drew near me, the woman + let the mantilla which had covered her head drop on her shoulders, and “by + the dim light falling from the stars” I perceived her to be young, short + in stature, well-proportioned, and with very large eyes. I threw my cigar + away at once. She appreciated this mark of courtesy, essentially French, + and hastened to inform me that she was very fond of the smell of tobacco, + and that she even smoked herself, when she could get very mild <i>papelitos</i>. + I fortunately happened to have some such in my case, and at once offered + them to her. She condescended to take one, and lighted it at a burning + string which a child brought us, receiving a copper for its pains. We + mingled our smoke, and talked so long, the fair lady and I, that we ended + by being almost alone on the quay. I thought I might venture, without + impropriety, to suggest our going to eat an ice at the <i>neveria</i>.* + After a moment of modest demur, she agreed. But before finally accepting, + she desired to know what o’clock it was. I struck my repeater, and this + seemed to astound her greatly. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * A <i>cafĂ©</i> to which a depot of ice, or rather of snow, is + attached. There is hardly a village in Spain without its + <i>neveria</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “What clever inventions you foreigners do have! What country do you belong + to, sir? You’re an Englishman, no doubt!”* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Every traveller in Spain who does not carry about samples + of calicoes and silks is taken for an Englishman + (<i>inglesito</i>). It is the same thing in the East. +</pre> + <p> + “I’m a Frenchman, and your devoted servant. And you, senora, or senorita, + you probably belong to Cordova?” + </p> + <p> + “No.” + </p> + <p> + “At all events, you are an Andalusian? Your soft way of speaking makes me + think so.” + </p> + <p> + “If you notice people’s accent so closely, you must be able to guess what + I am.” + </p> + <p> + “I think you are from the country of Jesus, two paces out of Paradise.” + </p> + <p> + I had learned the metaphor, which stands for Andalusia, from my friend + Francisco Sevilla, a well-known <i>picador</i>. + </p> + <p> + “Pshaw! The people here say there is no place in Paradise for us!” + </p> + <p> + “Then perhaps you are of Moorish blood—or——” I stopped, + not venturing to add “a Jewess.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh come! You must see I’m a gipsy! Wouldn’t you like me to tell you <i>la + baji</i>?* Did you never hear tell of Carmencita? That’s who I am!” + </p> + <p> + * Your fortune. + </p> + <p> + I was such a miscreant in those days—now fifteen years ago—that + the close proximity of a sorceress did not make me recoil in horror. “So + be it!” I thought. “Last week I ate my supper with a highway robber. + To-day I’ll go and eat ices with a servant of the devil. A traveller + should see everything.” I had yet another motive for prosecuting her + acquaintance. When I left college—I acknowledge it with shame—I + had wasted a certain amount of time in studying occult science, and had + even attempted, more than once, to exorcise the powers of darkness. Though + I had been cured, long since, of my passion for such investigations, I + still felt a certain attraction and curiosity with regard to all + superstitions, and I was delighted to have this opportunity of discovering + how far the magic art had developed among the gipsies. + </p> + <p> + Talking as we went, we had reached the <i>neveria</i>, and seated + ourselves at a little table, lighted by a taper protected by a glass + globe. I then had time to take a leisurely view of my <i>gitana</i>, while + several worthy individuals, who were eating their ices, stared + open-mouthed at beholding me in such gay company. + </p> + <p> + I very much doubt whether Senorita Carmen was a pure-blooded gipsy. At all + events, she was infinitely prettier than any other woman of her race I + have ever seen. For a women to be beautiful, they say in Spain, she must + fulfil thirty <i>ifs</i>, or, if it please you better, you must be able to + define her appearance by ten adjectives, applicable to three portions of + her person. + </p> + <p> + For instance, three things about her must be black, her eyes, her + eyelashes, and her eyebrows. Three must be dainty, her fingers, her lips, + her hair, and so forth. For the rest of this inventory, see Brantome. My + gipsy girl could lay no claim to so many perfections. Her skin, though + perfectly smooth, was almost of a copper hue. Her eyes were set obliquely + in her head, but they were magnificent and large. Her lips, a little full, + but beautifully shaped, revealed a set of teeth as white as newly skinned + almonds. Her hair—a trifle coarse, perhaps—was black, with + blue lights on it like a raven’s wing, long and glossy. Not to weary my + readers with too prolix a description, I will merely add, that to every + blemish she united some advantage, which was perhaps all the more evident + by contrast. There was something strange and wild about her beauty. Her + face astonished you, at first sight, but nobody could forget it. Her eyes, + especially, had an expression of mingled sensuality and fierceness which I + had never seen in any other human glance. “Gipsy’s eye, wolf’s eye!” is a + Spanish saying which denotes close observation. If my readers have no time + to go to the “Jardin des Plantes” to study the wolf’s expression, they + will do well to watch the ordinary cat when it is lying in wait for a + sparrow. + </p> + <p> + It will be understood that I should have looked ridiculous if I had + proposed to have my fortune told in a <i>cafĂ©</i>. I therefore begged the + pretty witch’s leave to go home with her. She made no difficulties about + consenting, but she wanted to know what o’clock it was again, and + requested me to make my repeater strike once more. + </p> + <p> + “Is it really gold?” she said, gazing at it with rapt attention. + </p> + <p> + When we started off again, it was quite dark. Most of the shops were shut, + and the streets were almost empty. We crossed the bridge over the + Guadalquivir, and at the far end of the suburb we stopped in front of a + house of anything but palatial appearance. The door was opened by a child, + to whom the gipsy spoke a few words in a language unknown to me, which I + afterward understood to be <i>Romany</i>, or <i>chipe calli</i>—the + gipsy idiom. The child instantly disappeared, leaving us in sole + possession of a tolerably spacious room, furnished with a small table, two + stools, and a chest. I must not forget to mention a jar of water, a pile + of oranges, and a bunch of onions. + </p> + <p> + As soon as we were left alone, the gipsy produced, out of her chest, a + pack of cards, bearing signs of constant usage, a magnet, a dried + chameleon, and a few other indispensable adjuncts of her art. Then she + bade me cross my left hand with a silver coin, and the magic ceremonies + duly began. It is unnecessary to chronicle her predictions, and as for the + style of her performance, it proved her to be no mean sorceress. + </p> + <p> + Unluckily we were soon disturbed. The door was suddenly burst open, and a + man, shrouded to the eyes in a brown cloak, entered the room, + apostrophizing the gipsy in anything but gentle terms. What he said I + could not catch, but the tone of his voice revealed the fact that he was + in a very evil temper. The gipsy betrayed neither surprise nor anger at + his advent, but she ran to meet him, and with a most striking volubility, + she poured out several sentences in the mysterious language she had + already used in my presence. The word <i>payllo</i>, frequently + reiterated, was the only one I understood. I knew that the gipsies use it + to describe all men not of their own race. Concluding myself to be the + subject of this discourse, I was prepared for a somewhat delicate + explanation. I had already laid my hand on the leg of one of the stools, + and was studying within myself to discover the exact moment at which I had + better throw it at his head, when, roughly pushing the gipsy to one side, + the man advanced toward me. Then with a step backward he cried: + </p> + <p> + “What, sir! Is it you?” + </p> + <p> + I looked at him in my turn and recognised my friend Don Jose. At that + moment I did feel rather sorry I had saved him from the gallows. + </p> + <p> + “What, is it you, my good fellow?” I exclaimed, with as easy a smile as I + could muster. “You have interrupted this young lady just when she was + foretelling me most interesting things!” + </p> + <p> + “The same as ever. There shall be an end to it!” he hissed between his + teeth, with a savage glance at her. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile the <i>gitana</i> was still talking to him in her own tongue. + She became more and more excited. Her eyes grew fierce and bloodshot, her + features contracted, she stamped her foot. She seemed to me to be + earnestly pressing him to do something he was unwilling to do. What this + was I fancied I understood only too well, by the fashion in which she kept + drawing her little hand backward and forward under her chin. I was + inclined to think she wanted to have somebody’s throat cut, and I had a + fair suspicion the throat in question was my own. To all her torrent of + eloquence Don Jose’s only reply was two or three shortly spoken words. At + this the gipsy cast a glance of the most utter scorn at him, then, seating + herself Turkish-fashion in a corner of the room, she picked out an orange, + tore off the skin, and began to eat it. + </p> + <p> + Don Jose took hold of my arm, opened the door, and led me into the street. + We walked some two hundred paces in the deepest silence. Then he stretched + out his hand. + </p> + <p> + “Go straight on,” he said, “and you’ll come to the bridge.” + </p> + <p> + That instant he turned his back on me and departed at a great pace. I took + my way back to my inn, rather crestfallen, and considerably out of temper. + The worst of all was that, when I undressed, I discovered my watch was + missing. + </p> + <p> + Various considerations prevented me from going to claim it next day, or + requesting the <i>Corregidor</i> to be good enough to have a search made + for it. I finished my work on the Dominican manuscript, and went on to + Seville. After several months spent wandering hither and thither in + Andalusia, I wanted to get back to Madrid, and with that object I had to + pass through Cordova. I had no intention of making any stay there, for I + had taken a dislike to that fair city, and to the ladies who bathed in the + Guadalquivir. Nevertheless, I had some visits to pay, and certain errands + to do, which must detain me several days in the old capital of the + Mussulman princes. + </p> + <p> + The moment I made my appearance in the Dominican convent, one of the + monks, who had always shown the most lively interest in my inquiries as to + the site of the battlefield of Munda, welcomed me with open arms, + exclaiming: + </p> + <p> + “Praised be God! You are welcome! My dear friend. We all thought you were + dead, and I myself have said many a <i>pater</i> and <i>ave</i> (not that + I regret them!) for your soul. Then you weren’t murdered, after all? That + you were robbed, we know!” + </p> + <p> + “What do you mean?” I asked, rather astonished. + </p> + <p> + “Oh, you know! That splendid repeater you used to strike in the library + whenever we said it was time for us to go into church. Well, it has been + found, and you’ll get it back.” + </p> + <p> + “Why,” I broke in, rather put out of countenance, “I lost it—” + </p> + <p> + “The rascal’s under lock and key, and as he was known to be a man who + would shoot any Christian for the sake of a <i>peseta</i>, we were most + dreadfully afraid he had killed you. I’ll go with you to the <i>Corregidor</i>, + and he’ll give you back your fine watch. And after that, you won’t dare to + say the law doesn’t do its work properly in Spain.” + </p> + <p> + “I assure you,” said I, “I’d far rather lose my watch than have to give + evidence in court to hang a poor unlucky devil, and especially because—because——” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, you needn’t be alarmed! He’s thoroughly done for; they might hang him + twice over. But when I say hang, I say wrong. Your thief is an <i>Hidalgo</i>. + So he’s to be garrotted the day after to-morrow, without fail.* So you see + one theft more or less won’t affect his position. Would to God he had done + nothing but steal! But he has committed several murders, one more hideous + than the other.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * In 1830, the noble class still enjoyed this privilege. + Nowadays, under the constitutional <i>regime</i>, commoners have + attained the same dignity. +</pre> + <p> + “What’s his name?” + </p> + <p> + “In this country he is only known as Jose Navarro, but he has another + Basque name, which neither your nor I will ever be able to pronounce. By + the way, the man is worth seeing, and you, who like to study the peculiar + features of each country, shouldn’t lose this chance of noting how a + rascal bids farewell to this world in Spain. He is in jail, and Father + Martinez will take you to him.” + </p> + <p> + So bent was my Dominican friend on my seeing the preparations for this + “neat little hanging job” that I was fain to agree. I went to see the + prisoner, having provided myself with a bundle of cigars, which I hoped + might induce him to forgive my intrusion. + </p> + <p> + I was ushered into Don Jose’s presence just as he was sitting at table. He + greeted me with a rather distant nod, and thanked me civilly for the + present I had brought him. Having counted the cigars in the bundle I had + placed in his hand, he took out a certain number and returned me the rest, + remarking that he would not need any more of them. + </p> + <p> + I inquired whether by laying out a little money, or by applying to my + friends, I might not be able to do something to soften his lot. He + shrugged his shoulders, to begin with, smiling sadly. Soon, as by an + after-thought, he asked me to have a mass said for the repose of his soul. + </p> + <p> + Then he added nervously: “Would you—would you have another said for + a person who did you a wrong?” + </p> + <p> + “Assuredly I will, my dear fellow,” I answered. “But no one in this + country has wronged me so far as I know.” + </p> + <p> + He took my hand and squeezed it, looking very grave. After a moment’s + silence, he spoke again. + </p> + <p> + “Might I dare to ask another service of you? When you go back to your own + country perhaps you will pass through Navarre. At all events you’ll go by + Vittoria, which isn’t very far off.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said I, “I shall certainly pass through Vittoria. But I may very + possibly go round by Pampeluna, and for your sake, I believe I should be + very glad to do it.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, if you do go to Pampeluna, you’ll see more than one thing that will + interest you. It’s a fine town. I’ll give you this medal,” he showed me a + little silver medal that he wore hung around his neck. “You’ll wrap it up + in paper”—he paused a moment to master his emotion—“and you’ll + take it, or send it, to an old lady whose address I’ll give you. Tell her + I am dead—but don’t tell her how I died.” + </p> + <p> + I promised to perform his commission. I saw him the next day, and spent + part of it in his company. From his lips I learned the sad incidents that + follow. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER III + </h2> + <p> + “I was born,” he said, “at Elizondo, in the valley of Baztan. My name is + Don Jose Lizzarrabengoa, and you know enough of Spain, sir, to know at + once, by my name, that I come of an old Christian and Basque stock. I call + myself Don, because I have a right to it, and if I were at Elizondo I + could show you my parchment genealogy. My family wanted me to go into the + church, and made me study for it, but I did not like work. I was too fond + of playing tennis, and that was my ruin. When we Navarrese begin to play + tennis, we forget everything else. One day, when I had won the game, a + young fellow from Alava picked a quarrel with me. We took to our <i>maquilas</i>,* + and I won again. But I had to leave the neighbourhood. I fell in with some + dragoons, and enlisted in the Almanza Cavalry Regiment. Mountain folks + like us soon learn to be soldiers. Before long I was a corporal, and I had + been told I should soon be made a sergeant, when, to my misfortune, I was + put on guard at the Seville Tobacco Factory. If you have been to Seville + you have seen the great building, just outside the ramparts, close to the + Guadalquivir; I can fancy I see the entrance, and the guard room just + beside it, even now. When Spanish soldiers are on duty, they either play + cards or go to sleep. I, like an honest Navarrese, always tried to keep + myself busy. I was making a chain to hold my priming-pin, out of a bit of + wire: all at once, my comrades said, ‘there’s the bell ringing, the girls + are coming back to work.’ You must know, sir, that there are quite four or + five hundred women employed in the factory. They roll the cigars in a + great room into which no man can go without a permit from the <i>Veintiquatro</i>,** + because when the weather is hot they make themselves at home, especially + the young ones. When the work-girls come back after their dinner, numbers + of young men go down to see them pass by, and talk all sorts of nonsense + to them. Very few of those young ladies will refuse a silk mantilla, and + men who care for that sort of sport have nothing to do but bend down and + pick their fish up. While the others watched the girls go by, I stayed on + my bench near the door. I was a young fellow then—my heart was still + in my own country, and I didn’t believe in any pretty girls who hadn’t + blue skirts and long plaits of hair falling on their shoulders.*** And + besides, I was rather afraid of the Andalusian women. I had not got used + to their ways yet; they were always jeering one—never spoke a single + word of sense. So I was sitting with my nose down upon my chain, when I + heard some bystanders say, ‘Here comes the <i>gitanella</i>!’ Then I + lifted up my eyes, and I saw her! It was that very Carmen you know, and in + whose rooms I met you a few months ago. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Iron-shod sticks used by the Basques. + + ** Magistrate in charge of the municipal police + arrangements, and local government regulations. + + *** The costume usually worn by peasant women in Navarre and + the Basque Provinces. +</pre> + <p> + “She was wearing a very short skirt, below which her white silk stockings—with + more than one hole in them—and her dainty red morocco shoes, + fastened with flame-coloured ribbons, were clearly seen. She had thrown + her mantilla back, to show her shoulders, and a great bunch of acacia that + was thrust into her chemise. She had another acacia blossom in the corner + of her mouth, and she walked along, swaying her hips, like a filly from + the Cordova stud farm. In my country anybody who had seen a woman dressed + in that fashion would have crossed himself. At Seville every man paid her + some bold compliment on her appearance. She had an answer for each and + all, with her hand on her hip, as bold as the thorough gipsy she was. At + first I didn’t like her looks, and I fell to my work again. But she, like + all women and cats, who won’t come if you call them, and do come if you + don’t call them, stopped short in front of me, and spoke to me. + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Compadre</i>,’ said she, in the Andalusian fashion, ‘won’t you give + me your chain for the keys of my strong box?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘It’s for my priming-pin,’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Your priming-pin!’ she cried, with a laugh. ‘Oho! I suppose the + gentleman makes lace, as he wants pins!’ + </p> + <p> + “Everybody began to laugh, and I felt myself getting red in the face, and + couldn’t hit on anything in answer. + </p> + <p> + “‘Come, my love!’ she began again, ‘make me seven ells of lace for my + mantilla, my pet pin-maker!’ + </p> + <p> + “And taking the acacia blossom out of her mouth she flipped it at me with + her thumb so that it hit me just between the eyes. I tell you, sir, I felt + as if a bullet had struck me. I didn’t know which way to look. I sat + stock-still, like a wooden board. When she had gone into the factory, I + saw the acacia blossom, which had fallen on the ground between my feet. I + don’t know what made me do it, but I picked it up, unseen by any of my + comrades, and put it carefully inside my jacket. That was my first folly. + </p> + <p> + “Two or three hours later I was still thinking about her, when a panting, + terrified-looking porter rushed into the guard-room. He told us a woman + had been stabbed in the great cigar-room, and that the guard must be sent + in at once. The sergeant told me to take two men, and go and see to it. I + took my two men and went upstairs. Imagine, sir, that when I got into the + room, I found, to begin with, some three hundred women, stripped to their + shifts, or very near it, all of them screaming and yelling and + gesticulating, and making such a row that you couldn’t have heard God’s + own thunder. On one side of the room one of the women was lying on the + broad of her back, streaming with blood, with an X newly cut on her face + by two strokes of a knife. Opposite the wounded woman, whom the + best-natured of the band were attending, I saw Carmen, held by five or six + of her comrades. The wounded woman was crying out, ‘A confessor, a + confessor! I’m killed!’ Carmen said nothing at all. She clinched her teeth + and rolled her eyes like a chameleon. ‘What’s this?’ I asked. I had hard + work to find out what had happened, for all the work-girls talked at once. + It appeared that the injured girl had boasted she had money enough in her + pocket to buy a donkey at the Triana Market. ‘Why,’ said Carmen, who had a + tongue of her own, ‘can’t you do with a broom?’ Stung by this taunt, it + may be because she felt herself rather unsound in that particular, the + other girl replied that she knew nothing about brooms, seeing she had not + the honour of being either a gipsy or one of the devil’s godchildren, but + that the Senorita Carmen would shortly make acquaintance with her donkey, + when the <i>Corregidor</i> took her out riding with two lackeys behind her + to keep the flies off. ‘Well,’ retorted Carmen, ‘I’ll make troughs for the + flies to drink out of on your cheeks, and I’ll paint a draught-board on + them!’ * And thereupon, slap, bank! She began making St. Andrew’s crosses + on the girl’s face with a knife she had been using for cutting off the + ends of the cigars. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Pintar un javeque</i>, “paint a xebec,” a particular type of + ship. Most Spanish vessels of this description have a + checkered red and white stripe painted around them. +</pre> + <p> + “The case was quite clear. I took hold of Carmen’s arm. ‘Sister mine,’ I + said civilly, ‘you must come with me.’ She shot a glance of recognition at + me, but she said, with a resigned look: ‘Let’s be off. Where is my + mantilla?’ She put it over her head so that only one of her great eyes was + to be seen, and followed my two men, as quiet as a lamb. When we got to + the guardroom the sergeant said it was a serious job, and he must send her + to prison. I was told off again to take her there. I put her between two + dragoons, as a corporal does on such occasions. We started off for the + town. The gipsy had begun by holding her tongue. But when we got to the <i>Calle + de la Serpiente</i>—you know it, and that it earns its name by its + many windings—she began by dropping her mantilla on to her + shoulders, so as to show me her coaxing little face, and turning round to + me as well as she could, she said: + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Oficial mio</i>, where are you taking me to?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘To prison, my poor child,’ I replied, as gently as I could, just as any + kind-hearted soldier is bound to speak to a prisoner, and especially to a + woman. + </p> + <p> + “‘Alack! What will become of me! Senor Oficial, have pity on me! You are + so young, so good-looking.’ Then, in a lower tone, she said, ‘Let me get + away, and I’ll give you a bit of the <i>bar lachi</i>, that will make + every woman fall in love with you!’ + </p> + <p> + “The <i>bar lachi</i>, sir, is the loadstone, with which the gipsies + declare one who knows how to use it can cast any number of spells. If you + can make a woman drink a little scrap of it, powdered, in a glass of white + wine, she’ll never be able to resist you. I answered, as gravely as I + could: + </p> + <p> + “‘We are not here to talk nonsense. You’ll have to go to prison. Those are + my orders, and there’s no help for it!’ + </p> + <p> + “We men from the Basque country have an accent which all Spaniards easily + recognise; on the other hand, not one of them can ever learn to say <i>Bai, + jaona</i>!* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Yes, sir. +</pre> + <p> + “So Carmen easily guessed I was from the Provinces. You know, sir, that + the gipsies, who belong to no particular country, and are always moving + about, speak every language, and most of them are quite at home in + Portugal, in France, in our Provinces, in Catalonia, or anywhere else. + They can even make themselves understood by Moors and English people. + Carmen knew Basque tolerably well. + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Laguna ene bihotsarena</i>, comrade of my heart,’ said she suddenly. + ‘Do you belong to our country?’ + </p> + <p> + “Our language is so beautiful, sir, that when we hear it in a foreign + country it makes us quiver. I wish,” added the bandit in a lower tone, “I + could have a confessor from my own country.” + </p> + <p> + After a silence, he began again. + </p> + <p> + “‘I belong to Elizondo,’ I answered in Basque, very much affected by the + sound of my own language. + </p> + <p> + “‘I come from Etchalar,’ said she (that’s a district about four hours’ + journey from my home). ‘I was carried off to Seville by the gipsies. I was + working in the factory to earn enough money to take me back to Navarre, to + my poor old mother, who has no support in the world but me, besides her + little <i>barratcea</i>* with twenty cider-apple trees in it. Ah! if I + were only back in my own country, looking up at the white mountains! I + have been insulted here, because I don’t belong to this land of rogues and + sellers of rotten oranges; and those hussies are all banded together + against me, because I told them that not all their Seville <i>jacques</i>,** + and all their knives, would frighten an honest lad from our country, with + his blue cap and his <i>maquila</i>! Good comrade, won’t you do anything + to help your own countrywoman?’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Field, garden. + + ** Bravos, boasters. +</pre> + <p> + “She was lying then, sir, as she has always lied. I don’t know that that + girl ever spoke a word of truth in her life, but when she did speak, I + believed her—I couldn’t help myself. She mangled her Basque words, + and I believed she came from Navarre. But her eyes and her mouth and her + skin were enough to prove she was a gipsy. I was mad, I paid no more + attention to anything, I thought to myself that if the Spaniards had dared + to speak evil of my country, I would have slashed their faces just as she + had slashed her comrade’s. In short, I was like a drunken man, I was + beginning to say foolish things, and I was very near doing them. + </p> + <p> + “‘If I were to give you a push and you tumbled down, good + fellow-countryman,’ she began again in Basque, ‘those two Castilian + recruits wouldn’t be able to keep me back.’ + </p> + <p> + “Faith, I forgot my orders, I forgot everything, and I said to her, ‘Well, + then, my friend, girl of my country, try it, and may our Lady of the + Mountain help you through.’ + </p> + <p> + “Just at that moment we were passing one of the many narrow lanes one sees + in Seville. All at once Carmen turned and struck me in the chest with her + fist. I tumbled backward, purposely. With a bound she sprang over me, and + ran off, showing us a pair of legs! People talk about a pair of Basque + legs! but hers were far better—as fleet as they were well-turned. As + for me, I picked myself up at once, but I stuck out my lance* crossways + and barred the street, so that my comrades were checked at the very first + moment of pursuit. Then I started to run myself, and they after me—but + how were we to catch her? There was no fear of that, what with our spurs, + our swords, and our lances. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * All Spanish cavalry soldiers carry lances. +</pre> + <p> + “In less time than I have taken to tell you the story the prisoner had + disappeared. And besides, every gossip in the quarter covered her flight, + poked scorn at us, and pointed us in the wrong direction. After a good + deal of marching and countermarching, we had to go back to the guard-room + without a receipt from the governor of the jail. + </p> + <p> + “To avoid punishment, my men made known that Carmen had spoken to me in + Basque; and to tell the truth, it did not seem very natural that a blow + from such a little creature should have so easily overthrown a strong + fellow like me. The whole thing looked suspicious, or, at all events, not + over-clear. When I came off guard I lost my corporal’s stripes, and was + condemned to a month’s imprisonment. It was the first time I had been + punished since I had been in the service. Farewell, now, to the sergeant’s + stripes, on which I had reckoned so surely! + </p> + <p> + “The first days in prison were very dreary. When I enlisted I had fancied + I was sure to become an officer, at all events. Two of my compatriots, + Longa and Mina, are captains-general, after all. Chapalangarra was a + colonel, and I have played tennis a score of times with his brother, who + was just a needy fellow like myself. ‘Now,’ I kept crying to myself, ‘all + the time you served without being punished has been lost. Now you have a + bad mark against your name, and to get yourself back into the officers’ + good graces you’ll have to work ten times as hard as when you joined as a + recruit.’ And why have I got myself punished? For the sake of a gipsy + hussy, who made game of me, and who at this moment is busy thieving in + some corner of the town. Yet I couldn’t help thinking about her. Will you + believe it, sir, those silk stockings of hers with the holes in them, of + which she had given me such a full view as she took to her heels, were + always before my eyes? I used to look through the barred windows of the + jail into the street, and among all the women who passed I never could see + one to compare with that minx of a girl—and then, in spite of + myself, I used to smell the acacia blossom she had thrown at me, and + which, dry as it was, still kept its sweet scent. If there are such things + as witches, that girl certainly was one. + </p> + <p> + “One day the jailer came in, and gave me an Alcala roll.* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Alcala de los Panaderos</i>, a village two leagues from + Seville, where the most delicious rolls are made. They are + said to owe their quality to the water of the place, and + great quantities of them are brought to Seville every day. +</pre> + <p> + “‘Look here,’ said he, ‘this is what your cousin has sent you.’ + </p> + <p> + “I took the loaf, very much astonished, for I had no cousin in Seville. It + may be a mistake, thought I, as I looked at the roll, but it was so + appetizing and smelt so good, that I made up my mind to eat it, without + troubling my head as to whence it came, or for whom it was really + intended. + </p> + <p> + “When I tried to cut it, my knife struck on something hard. I looked, and + found a little English file, which had been slipped into the dough before + the roll had been baked. The roll also contained a gold piece of two + piastres. Then I had no further doubt—it was a present from Carmen. + To people of her blood, liberty is everything, and they would set a town + on fire to save themselves one day in prison. The girl was artful, indeed, + and armed with that roll, I might have snapped my fingers at the jailers. + In one hour, with that little file, I could have sawn through the thickest + bar, and with the gold coin I could have exchanged my soldier’s cloak for + civilian garb at the nearest shop. You may fancy that a man who has often + taken the eaglets out of their nests in our cliff would have found no + difficulty in getting down to the street out of a window less than thirty + feet above it. But I didn’t choose to escape. I still had a soldier’s code + of honour, and desertion appeared to me in the light of a heinous crime. + Yet this proof of remembrance touched me. When a man is in prison he likes + to think he has a friend outside who takes an interest in him. The gold + coin did rather offend me; I should have very much liked to return it; but + where was I to find my creditor? That did not seem a very easy task. + </p> + <p> + “After the ceremony of my degradation I had fancied my sufferings were + over, but I had another humiliation before me. That came when I left + prison, and was told off for duty, and put on sentry, as a private + soldier. You can not conceive what a proud man endures at such a moment. I + believe I would have just as soon been shot dead—then I should have + marched alone at the head of my platoon, at all events; I should have felt + I was somebody, with the eyes of others fixed upon me. + </p> + <p> + “I was posted as sentry on the door of the colonel’s house. The colonel + was a young man, rich, good-natured, fond of amusing himself. All the + young officers were there, and many civilians as well, besides ladies—actresses, + as it was said. For my part, it seemed to me as if the whole town had + agreed to meet at that door, in order to stare at me. Then up drove the + colonel’s carriage, with his valet on the box. And who should I see get + out of it, but the gipsy girl! She was dressed up, this time, to the eyes, + togged out in golden ribbons—a spangled gown, blue shoes, all + spangled too, flowers and gold lace all over her. In her hand she carried + a tambourine. With her there were two other gipsy women, one young and one + old. They always have one old woman who goes with them, and then an old + man with a guitar, a gipsy too, to play alone, and also for their dances. + You must know these gipsy girls are often sent for to private houses, to + dance their special dance, the <i>Romalis</i>, and often, too, for quite + other purposes. + </p> + <p> + “Carmen recognised me, and we exchanged glances. I don’t know why, but at + that moment I should have liked to have been a hundred feet beneath the + ground. + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Agur laguna</i>,’ * said she. ‘Oficial mio! You keep guard like a + recruit,’ and before I could find a word in answer, she was inside the + house. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Good-day, comrade! +</pre> + <p> + “The whole party was assembled in the <i>patio</i>, and in spite of the + crowd I could see nearly everything that went on through the lattice.* I + could hear the castanets and the tambourine, the laughter and applause. + Sometimes I caught a glimpse of her head as she bounded upward with her + tambourine. Then I could hear the officers saying many things to her which + brought the blood to my face. As to her answers, I knew nothing of them. + It was on that day, I think, that I began to love her in earnest—for + three or four times I was tempted to rush into the <i>patio</i>, and drive + my sword into the bodies of all the coxcombs who were making love to her. + My torture lasted a full hour; then the gipsies came out, and the carriage + took them away. As she passed me by, Carmen looked at me with those eyes + you know, and said to me very low, ‘Comrade, people who are fond of good + <i>fritata</i> come to eat it at Lillas Pastia’s at Triana!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * In most of the houses in Seville there is an inner court + surrounded by an arched portico. This is used as a sitting- + room in summer. Over the court is stretched a piece of tent + cloth, which is watered during the day and removed at night. + The street door is almost always left open, and the passage + leading to the court (<i>zaguan</i>) is closed by an iron lattice + of very elegant workmanship. +</pre> + <p> + “Then, light as a kid, she stepped into the carriage, the coachman whipped + up his mules, and the whole merry party departed, whither I know not. + </p> + <p> + “You may fancy that the moment I was off guard I went to Triana; but first + of all I got myself shaved and brushed myself up as if I had been going on + parade. She was living with Lillas Pastia, an old fried-fish seller, a + gipsy, as black as a Moor, to whose house a great many civilians resorted + to eat <i>fritata</i>, especially, I think, because Carmen had taken up + her quarters there. + </p> + <p> + “‘Lillas,’ she said, as soon as she saw me. ‘I’m not going to work any + more to-day. To-morrow will be a day, too.* Come, fellow-countryman, let + us go for a walk!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Manana sera otro dia.</i>—A Spanish proverb. +</pre> + <p> + “She pulled her mantilla across her nose, and there we were in the street, + without my knowing in the least whither I was bound. + </p> + <p> + “‘Senorita,’ said I, ‘I think I have to thank you for a present I had + while I was in prison. I’ve eaten the bread; the file will do for + sharpening my lance, and I keep it in remembrance of you. But as for the + money, here it is.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Why, he’s kept the money!’ she exclaimed, bursting out laughing. ‘But, + after all, that’s all the better—for I’m decidedly hard up! What + matter! The dog that runs never starves!* Come, let’s spend it all! You + shall treat.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Chuquel sos pirela, cocal terela</i>. “The dog that runs + finds a bone.”—Gipsy proverb. +</pre> + <p> + “We had turned back toward Seville. At the entrance of the <i>Calle de la + Serpiente</i> she bought a dozen oranges, which she made me put into my + handkerchief. A little farther on she bought a roll, a sausage, and a + bottle of manzanilla. Then, last of all, she turned into a confectioner’s + shop. There she threw the gold coin I had returned to her on the counter, + with another she had in her pocket, and some small silver, and then she + asked me for all the money I had. All I possessed was one peseta and a few + cuartos, which I handed over to her, very much ashamed of not having more. + I thought she would have carried away the whole shop. She took everything + that was best and dearest, <i>yemas</i>,* <i>turon</i>,** preserved fruits—as + long as the money lasted. And all these, too, I had to carry in paper + bags. Perhaps you know the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>, where there is a + head of Don Pedro the Avenger.*** That head ought to have given me pause. + We stopped at an old house in that street. She passed into the entry, and + knocked at a door on the ground floor. It was opened by a gipsy, a + thorough-paced servant of the devil. Carmen said a few words to her in + Romany. At first the old hag grumbled. To smooth her down Carmen gave her + a couple of oranges and a handful of sugar-plums, and let her have a taste + of wine. Then she hung her cloak on her back, and led her to the door, + which she fastened with a wooden bar. As soon as we were alone she began + to laugh and caper like a lunatic, singing out, ‘You are my <i>rom</i>, + I’m your <i>romi</i>.‘**** + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Sugared yolks of eggs. + + ** A sort of nougat. + + *** This king, Don Pedro, whom we call “the Cruel,” and whom + Queen Isabella, the Catholic, never called anything but “the + Avenger,” was fond of walking about the streets of Seville + at night in search of adventures, like the Caliph Haroun al + Raschid. One night, in a lonely street, he quarrelled with a + man who was singing a serenade. There was a fight, and the + king killed the amorous <i>caballero</i>. At the clashing of + their swords, an old woman put her head out of the window + and lighted up the scene with a tiny lamp (candilejo) which + she held in her hand. My readers must be informed that King + Don Pedro, though nimble and muscular, suffered from one + strange fault in his physical conformation. Whenever he + walked his knees cracked loudly. By this cracking the old + woman easily recognised him. The next day the <i>veintiquatro</i> + in charge came to make his report to the king. “Sir, a duel + was fought last night in such a street—one of the + combatants is dead.” “Have you found the murderer?” “Yes, + sir.” “Why has he not been punished already?” “Sir, I await + your orders!” “Carry out the law.” Now the king had just + published a decree that every duellist was to have his head + cut off, and that head was to be set up on the scene of the + fight. The <i>veintiquatro</i> got out of the difficulty like a + clever man. He had the head sawed off a statue of the king, + and set that up in a niche in the middle of the street in + which the murder had taken place. The king and all the + Sevillians thought this a very good joke. The street took + its name from the lamp held by the old woman, the only + witness of the incident. The above is the popular tradition. + Zuniga tells the story somewhat differently. However that + may be, a street called <i>Calle del Candilejo</i> still exists + in Seville, and in that street there is a bust which is said + to be a portrait of Don Pedro. This bust, unfortunately, is + a modern production. During the seventeenth century the old + one had become very much defaced, and the municipality had + it replaced by that now to be seen. + + **** <i>Rom</i>, husband. <i>Romi</i>, wife. +</pre> + <p> + “There I stood in the middle of the room, laden with all her purchases, + and not knowing where I was to put them down. She tumbled them all onto + the floor, and threw her arms round my neck, saying: + </p> + <p> + “‘I pay my debts, I pay my debts! That’s the law of the <i>Cales</i>.‘* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Calo</i>, feminine <i>calli</i>, plural <i>cales</i>. Literally + “black,” the name the gipsies apply to themselves in their + own language. +</pre> + <p> + “Ah, sir, that day! that day! When I think of it I forget what to-morrow + must bring me!” + </p> + <p> + For a moment the bandit held his peace, then, when he had relighted his + cigar, he began afresh. + </p> + <p> + “We spent the whole day together, eating, drinking, and so forth. When she + had stuffed herself with sugar-plums, like any child of six years old, she + thrust them by handfuls into the old woman’s water-jar. ‘That’ll make + sherbet for her,’ she said. She smashed the <i>yemas</i> by throwing them + against the walls. ‘They’ll keep the flies from bothering us.’ There was + no prank or wild frolic she didn’t indulge in. I told her I should have + liked to see her dance, only there were no castanets to be had. Instantly + she seized the old woman’s only earthenware plate, smashed it up, and + there she was dancing the <i>Romalis</i>, and making the bits of broken + crockery rattle as well as if they had been ebony and ivory castanets. + That girl was good company, I can tell you! Evening fell, and I heard the + drums beating tattoo. + </p> + <p> + “‘I must get back to quarters for roll-call,’ I said. + </p> + <p> + “‘To quarters!’ she answered, with a look of scorn. ‘Are you a negro + slave, to let yourself be driven with a ramrod like that! You are as silly + as a canary bird. Your dress suits your nature.* Pshaw! you’ve no more + heart than a chicken.’ + </p> + <p> + * Spanish dragoons wear a yellow uniform. + </p> + <p> + “I stayed on, making up my mind to the inevitable guard-room. The next + morning the first suggestion of parting came from her. + </p> + <p> + “‘Hark ye, Joseito,’ she said. ‘Have I paid you? By our law, I owed you + nothing, because you’re a <i>payllo</i>. But you’re a good-looking fellow, + and I took a fancy to you. Now we’re quits. Good-day!’ + </p> + <p> + “I asked her when I should see her again. + </p> + <p> + “‘When you’re less of a simpleton,’ she retorted, with a laugh. Then, in a + more serious tone, ‘Do you know, my son, I really believe I love you a + little; but that can’t last! The dog and the wolf can’t agree for long. + Perhaps if you turned gipsy, I might care to be your <i>romi</i>. But + that’s all nonsense, such things aren’t possible. Pshaw! my boy. Believe + me, you’re well out of it. You’ve come across the devil—he isn’t + always black—and you’ve not had your neck wrung. I wear a woollen + suit, but I’m no sheep.* Go and burn a candle to your <i>majari</i>,** she + deserves it well. Come, good-by once more. Don’t think any more about <i>La + Carmencita</i>, or she’ll end by making you marry a widow with wooden + legs.‘*** + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Me dicas vriarda de jorpoy, bus ne sino braco</i>.—A gipsy + proverb. + + ** The Saint, the Holy Virgin. + + *** The gallows, which is the widow of the last man hanged + upon it. +</pre> + <p> + “As she spoke, she drew back the bar that closed the door, and once we + were out in the street she wrapped her mantilla about her, and turned on + her heel. + </p> + <p> + “She spoke the truth. I should have done far better never to think of her + again. But after that day in the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i> I couldn’t + think of anything else. All day long I used to walk about, hoping I might + meet her. I sought news of her from the old hag, and from the fried-fish + seller. They both told me she had gone away to <i>Laloro</i>, which is + their name for Portugal. They probably said it by Carmen’s orders, but I + soon found out they were lying. Some weeks after my day in the <i>Calle + del Candilejo</i> I was on duty at one of the town gates. A little way + from the gate there was a breach in the wall. The masons were working at + it in the daytime, and at night a sentinel was posted on it, to prevent + smugglers from getting in. All through one day I saw Lillas Pastia going + backward and forward near the guard-room, and talking to some of my + comrades. They all knew him well, and his fried-fish and fritters even + better. He came up to me, and asked if I had any news of Carmen. + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Well,’ said he, ‘you’ll soon hear of her, old fellow.’ + </p> + <p> + “He was not mistaken. That night I was posted to guard the breach in the + wall. As soon as the sergeant had disappeared I saw a woman coming toward + me. My heart told me it was Carmen. Still I shouted: + </p> + <p> + “‘Keep off! Nobody can pass here!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Now, don’t be spiteful,’ she said, making herself known to me. + </p> + <p> + “‘What! you here, Carmen?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes, <i>mi payllo</i>. Let us say few words, but wise ones. Would you + like to earn a douro? Some people will be coming with bundles. Let them + alone.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I, ‘I must not allow them through. These are my orders.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Orders! orders! You didn’t think about orders in the <i>Calle del + Candilejo</i>!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Ah!’ I cried, quite maddened by the very thought of that night. ‘It was + well worth while to forget my orders for that! But I won’t have any + smuggler’s money!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Well, if you won’t have money, shall we go and dine together at old + Dorotea’s?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I, half choked by the effort it cost me. ‘No, I can’t.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Very good! If you make so many difficulties, I know to whom I can go. + I’ll ask your officer if he’ll come with me to Dorotea’s. He looks + good-natured, and he’ll post a sentry who’ll only see what he had better + see. Good-bye, canary-bird! I shall have a good laugh the day the order + comes out to hang you!’ + </p> + <p> + “I was weak enough to call her back, and I promised to let the whole of + gipsydom pass in, if that were necessary, so that I secured the only + reward I longed for. She instantly swore she would keep her word + faithfully the very next day, and ran off to summon her friends, who were + close by. There were five of them, of whom Pastia was one, all well loaded + with English goods. Carmen kept watch for them. She was to warn them with + her castanets the instant she caught sight of the patrol. But there was no + necessity for that. The smugglers finished their job in a moment. + </p> + <p> + “The next day I went to the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>. Carmen kept me + waiting, and when she came, she was in rather a bad temper. + </p> + <p> + “‘I don’t like people who have to be pressed,’ she said. ‘You did me a + much greater service the first time, without knowing you’d gain anything + by it. Yesterday you bargained with me. I don’t know why I’ve come, for I + don’t care for you any more. Here, be off with you. Here’s a douro for + your trouble.’ + </p> + <p> + “I very nearly threw the coin at her head, and I had to make a violent + effort to prevent myself from actually beating her. After we had wrangled + for an hour I went off in a fury. For some time I wandered about the town, + walking hither and thither like a madman. At last I went into a church, + and getting into the darkest corner I could find, I cried hot tears. All + at once I heard a voice. + </p> + <p> + “‘A dragoon in tears. I’ll make a philter of them!’ + </p> + <p> + “I looked up. There was Carmen in front of me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Well, <i>mi payllo</i>, are you still angry with me?’ she said. ‘I must + care for you in spite of myself, for since you left me I don’t know what + has been the matter with me. Look you, it is I who ask you to come to the + <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>, now!’ + </p> + <p> + “So we made it up: but Carmen’s temper was like the weather in our + country. The storm is never so close, in our mountains, as when the sun is + at its brightest. She had promised to meet me again at Dorotea’s, but she + didn’t come. + </p> + <p> + “And Dorotea began telling me again that she had gone off to Portugal + about some gipsy business. + </p> + <p> + “As experience had already taught me how much of that I was to believe, I + went about looking for Carmen wherever I thought she might be, and twenty + times in every day I walked through the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>. One + evening I was with Dorotea, whom I had almost tamed by giving her a glass + of anisette now and then, when Carmen walked in, followed by a young man, + a lieutenant in our regiment. + </p> + <p> + “‘Get away at once,’ she said to me in Basque. I stood there, dumfounded, + my heart full of rage. + </p> + <p> + “‘What are you doing here?’ said the lieutenant to me. ‘Take yourself off—get + out of this.’ + </p> + <p> + “I couldn’t move a step. I felt paralyzed. The officer grew angry, and + seeing I did not go out, and had not even taken off my forage cap, he + caught me by the collar and shook me roughly. I don’t know what I said to + him. He drew his sword, and I unsheathed mine. The old woman caught hold + of my arm, and the lieutenant gave me a wound on the forehead, of which I + still bear the scar. I made a step backward, and with one jerk of my elbow + I threw old Dorotea down. Then, as the lieutenant still pressed me, I + turned the point of my sword against his body and he ran upon it. Then + Carmen put out the lamp and told Dorotea, in her own language, to take to + flight. I fled into the street myself, and began running along, I knew not + whither. It seemed to me that some one was following me. When I came to + myself I discovered that Carmen had never left me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Great stupid of a canary-bird!’ she said, ‘you never make anything but + blunders. And, indeed, you know I told you I should bring you bad luck. + But come, there’s a cure for everything when you have a Fleming from Rome* + for your love. Begin by rolling this handkerchief round your head, and + throw me over that belt of yours. Wait for me in this alley—I’ll be + back in two minutes. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Flamenco de Roma</i>, a slang term for the gipsies. Roma + does not stand for the Eternal City, but for the nation of + the <i>romi</i>, or the married folk—a name applied by the + gipsies to themselves. The first gipsies seen in Spain + probably came from the Low Countries, hence their name of + <i>Flemings</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “She disappeared, and soon came back bringing me a striped cloak which she + had gone to fetch, I knew not whence. She made me take off my uniform, and + put on the cloak over my shirt. Thus dressed, and with the wound on my + head bound round with the handkerchief, I was tolerably like a Valencian + peasant, many of whom come to Seville to sell a drink they make out of ‘<i>chufas</i>.‘* + Then she took me to a house very much like Dorotea’s, at the bottom of a + little lane. Here she and another gipsy woman washed and dressed my + wounds, better than any army surgeon could have done, gave me something, I + know not what, to drink, and finally made me lie down on a mattress, on + which I went to sleep. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * A bulbous root, out of which rather a pleasant beverage is + manufactured. +</pre> + <p> + “Probably the woman had mixed one of the soporific drugs of which they + know the secret in my drink, for I did not wake up till very late the next + day. I was rather feverish, and had a violent headache. It was some time + before the memory of the terrible scene in which I had taken part on the + previous night came back to me. After having dressed my wound, Carmen and + her friend, squatting on their heels beside my mattress, exchanged a few + words of ‘<i>chipe calli</i>,’ which appeared to me to be something in the + nature of a medical consultation. Then they both of them assured me that I + should soon be cured, but that I must get out of Seville at the earliest + possible moment, for that, if I was caught there, I should most + undoubtedly be shot. + </p> + <p> + “‘My boy,’ said Carmen to me, ‘you’ll have to do something. Now that the + king won’t give you either rice or haddock* you’ll have to think of + earning your livelihood. You’re too stupid for stealing <i>a pastesas</i>.** + But you are brave and active. If you have the pluck, take yourself off to + the coast and turn smuggler. Haven’t I promised to get you hanged? That’s + better than being shot, and besides, if you set about it properly, you’ll + live like a prince as long as the <i>minons</i>*** and the coast-guard + don’t lay their hands on your collar.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * The ordinary food of a Spanish soldier. + + ** <i>Ustilar a pastesas</i>, to steal cleverly, to purloin + without violence. + + *** A sort of volunteer corps. +</pre> + <p> + “In this attractive guise did this fiend of a girl describe the new career + she was suggesting to me,—the only one, indeed, remaining, now I had + incurred the penalty of death. Shall I confess it, sir? She persuaded me + without much difficulty. This wild and dangerous life, it seemed to me, + would bind her and me more closely together. In future, I thought, I + should be able to make sure of her love. + </p> + <p> + “I had often heard talk of certain smugglers who travelled about + Andalusia, each riding a good horse, with his mistress behind him and his + blunderbuss in his fist. Already I saw myself trotting up and down the + world, with a pretty gipsy behind me. When I mentioned that notion to her, + she laughed till she had to hold her sides, and vowed there was nothing in + the world so delightful as a night spent camping in the open air, when + each <i>rom</i> retired with his <i>romi</i> beneath their little tent, + made of three hoops with a blanket thrown across them. + </p> + <p> + “‘If I take to the mountains,’ said I to her, ‘I shall be sure of you. + There’ll be no lieutenant there to go shares with me.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Ha! ha! you’re jealous!’ she retorted, ‘so much the worse for you. How + can you be such a fool as that? Don’t you see I must love you, because I + have never asked you for money?’ + </p> + <p> + “When she said that sort to thing I could have strangled her. + </p> + <p> + “To shorten the story, sir, Carmen procured me civilian clothes, disguised + in which I got out of Seville without being recognised. I went to Jerez, + with a letter from Pastia to a dealer in anisette whose house was the + smugglers’ meeting-place. I was introduced to them, and their leader, + surnamed <i>El Dancaire</i>, enrolled me in his gang. We started for + Gaucin, where I found Carmen, who had told me she would meet me there. In + all these expeditions she acted as spy for our gang, and she was the best + that ever was seen. She had now just returned from Gibraltar, and had + already arranged with the captain of a ship for a cargo of English goods + which we were to receive on the coast. We went to meet it near Estepona. + We hid part in the mountains, and laden with the rest, we proceeded to + Ronda. Carmen had gone there before us. It was she again who warned us + when we had better enter the town. This first journey, and several + subsequent ones, turned out well. I found the smuggler’s life pleasanter + than a soldier’s: I could give presents to Carmen, I had money, and I had + a mistress. I felt little or no remorse, for, as the gipsies say, ‘The + happy man never longs to scratch his itch.’ We were made welcome + everywhere, my comrades treated me well, and even showed me a certain + respect. The reason of this was that I had killed my man, and that some of + them had no exploit of that description on their conscience. But what I + valued most in my new life was that I often saw Carmen. She showed me more + affection than ever; nevertheless, she would never admit, before my + comrades, that she was my mistress, and she had even made me swear all + sorts of oaths that I would not say anything about her to them. I was so + weak in that creature’s hands, that I obeyed all her whims. And besides, + this was the first time she had revealed herself as possessing any of the + reserve of a well-conducted woman, and I was simple enough to believe she + had really cast off her former habits. + </p> + <p> + “Our gang, which consisted of eight or ten men, was hardly ever together + except at decisive moments, and we were usually scattered by twos and + threes about the towns and villages. Each one of us pretended to have some + trade. One was a tinker, another was a groom; I was supposed to peddle + haberdashery, but I hardly ever showed myself in large places, on account + of my unlucky business at Seville. One day, or rather one night, we were + to meet below Veger. <i>El Dancaire</i> and I got there before the others. + </p> + <p> + “‘We shall soon have a new comrade,’ said he. ‘Carmen has just managed one + of her best tricks. She has contrived the escape of her <i>rom</i>, who + was in the <i>presidio</i> at Tarifa.’ + </p> + <p> + “I was already beginning to understand the gipsy language, which nearly + all my comrades spoke, and this word <i>rom</i> startled me. + </p> + <p> + “What! her husband? Is she married, then?’ said I to the captain. + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes!’ he replied, ‘married to Garcia <i>el Tuerto</i>*—as cunning + a gipsy as she is herself. The poor fellow has been at the galleys. Carmen + has wheedled the surgeon of the <i>presidio</i> to such good purpose that + she has managed to get her <i>rom</i> out of prison. Faith! that girl’s + worth her weight in gold. For two years she has been trying to contrive + his escape, but she could do nothing until the authorities took it into + their heads to change the surgeon. She soon managed to come to an + understanding with this new one.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * One-eyed man. +</pre> + <p> + “You may imagine how pleasant this news was for me. I soon saw Garcia <i>el + Tuerto</i>. He was the very ugliest brute that was ever nursed in + gipsydom. His skin was black, his soul was blacker, and he was altogether + the most thorough-paced ruffian I ever came across in my life. Carmen + arrived with him, and when she called him her <i>rom</i> in my presence, + you should have seen the eyes she made at me, and the faces she pulled + whenever Garcia turned his head away. + </p> + <p> + “I was disgusted, and never spoke a word to her all night. The next + morning we had made up our packs, and had already started, when we became + aware that we had a dozen horsemen on our heels. The braggart Andalusians, + who had been boasting they would murder every one who came near them, cut + a pitiful figure at once. There was a general rout. <i>El Dancaire</i>, + Garcia, a good-looking fellow from Ecija, who was called <i>El Remendado</i>, + and Carmen herself, kept their wits about them. The rest forsook the mules + and took to the gorges, where the horses could not follow them. There was + no hope of saving the mules, so we hastily unstrapped the best part of our + booty, and taking it on our shoulders, we tried to escape through the + rocks down the steepest of the slopes. We threw our packs down in front of + us and followed them as best we could, slipping along on our heels. + Meanwhile the enemy fired at us. It was the first time I had ever heard + bullets whistling around me and I didn’t mind it very much. When there’s a + woman looking on, there’s no particular merit in snapping one’s fingers at + death. We all escaped except the poor <i>Remendado</i>, who received a + bullet wound in the loins. I threw away my pack and tried to lift him up. + </p> + <p> + “‘Idiot!’ shouted Garcia, ‘what do we want with offal! Finish him off, and + don’t lose the cotton stockings!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Drop him!’ cried Carmen. + </p> + <p> + “I was so exhausted that I was obliged to lay him down for a moment under + a rock. Garcia came up, and fired his blunderbuss full into his face. + ‘He’d be a clever fellow who recognised him now!’ said he, as he looked at + the face, cut to pieces by a dozen slugs. + </p> + <p> + “There, sir; that’s the delightful sort of life I’ve led! That night we + found ourselves in a thicket, worn out with fatigue, with nothing to eat, + and ruined by the loss of our mules. What do you think that devil Garcia + did? He pulled a pack of cards out of his pocket and began playing games + with <i>El Dancaire</i> by the light of a fire they kindled. Meanwhile I + was lying down, staring at the stars, thinking of <i>El Remendado</i>, and + telling myself I would just as lief be in his place. Carmen was squatting + down near me, and every now and then she would rattle her castanets and + hum a tune. Then, drawing close to me, as if she would have whispered in + my ear, she kissed me two or three times over almost against my will. + </p> + <p> + “‘You are a devil,’ said I to her. + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes,’ she replied. + </p> + <p> + “After a few hours’ rest, she departed to Gaucin, and the next morning a + little goatherd brought us some food. We stayed there all that day, and in + the evening we moved close to Gaucin. We were expecting news from Carmen, + but none came. After daylight broke we saw a muleteer attending a + well-dressed woman with a parasol, and a little girl who seemed to be her + servant. Said Garcia, ‘There go two mules and two women whom St. Nicholas + has sent us. I would rather have had four mules, but no matter. I’ll do + the best I can with these.’ + </p> + <p> + “He took his blunderbuss, and went down the pathway, hiding himself among + the brushwood. + </p> + <p> + “We followed him, <i>El Dancaire</i> and I keeping a little way behind. As + soon as the woman saw us, instead of being frightened—and our dress + would have been enough to frighten any one—she burst into a fit of + loud laughter. ‘Ah! the <i>lillipendi</i>! They take me for an <i>erani</i>!’ * + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * “The idiots, they take me for a smart lady!” + </pre> + <p> + “It was Carmen, but so well disguised that if she had spoken any other + language I should never have recognised her. She sprang off her mule, and + talked some time in an undertone with <i>El Dancaire</i> and Garcia. Then + she said to me: + </p> + <p> + “‘Canary-bird, we shall meet again before you’re hanged. I’m off to + Gibraltar on gipsy business—you’ll soon have news of me.’ + </p> + <p> + “We parted, after she had told us of a place where we should find shelter + for some days. That girl was the providence of our gang. We soon received + some money sent by her, and a piece of news which was still more useful to + us—to the effect that on a certain day two English lords would + travel from Gibraltar to Granada by a road she mentioned. This was a word + to the wise. They had plenty of good guineas. Garcia would have killed + them, but <i>El Dancaire</i> and I objected. All we took from them, + besides their shirts, which we greatly needed, was their money and their + watches. + </p> + <p> + “Sir, a man may turn rogue in sheer thoughtlessness. You lose your head + over a pretty girl, you fight another man about her, there is a + catastrophe, you have to take to the mountains, and you turn from a + smuggler into a robber before you have time to think about it. After this + matter of the English lords, we concluded that the neighbourhood of + Gibraltar would not be healthy for us, and we plunged into the <i>Sierra + de Ronda</i>. You once mentioned Jose-Maria to me. Well, it was there I + made acquaintance with him. He always took his mistress with him on his + expeditions. She was a pretty girl, quiet, modest, well-mannered, you + never heard a vulgar word from her, and she was quite devoted to him. He, + on his side, led her a very unhappy life. He was always running after + other women, he ill-treated her, and then sometimes he would take it into + his head to be jealous. One day he slashed her with a knife. Well, she + only doted on him the more! That’s the way with women, and especially with + Andalusians. This girl was proud of the scar on her arm, and would display + it as though it were the most beautiful thing in the world. And then + Jose-Maria was the worst of comrades in the bargain. In one expedition we + made with him, he managed so that he kept all the profits, and we had all + the trouble and the blows. But I must go back to my story. We had no sign + at all from Carmen. <i>El Dancaire</i> said: ‘One of us will have to go to + Gibraltar to get news of her. She must have planned some business. I’d go + at once, only I’m too well known at Gibraltar.’ <i>El Tuerto</i> said: + </p> + <p> + “‘I’m well known there too. I’ve played so many tricks on the crayfish*—and + as I’ve only one eye, it is not overeasy for me to disguise myself.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Name applied by the Spanish populace to the British + soldiers, on account of the colour of their uniform. +</pre> + <p> + “‘Then I suppose I must go,’ said I, delighted at the very idea of seeing + Carmen again. ‘Well, how am I to set about it?’ + </p> + <p> + “The others answered: + </p> + <p> + “‘You must either go by sea, or you must get through by San Rocco, + whichever you like the best; once you are in Gibraltar, inquire in the + port where a chocolate-seller called <i>La Rollona</i> lives. When you’ve + found her, she’ll tell you everything that’s happening.’ + </p> + <p> + “It was settled that we were all to start for the Sierra, that I was to + leave my two companions there, and take my way to Gibraltar, in the + character of a fruit-seller. At Ronda one of our men procured me a + passport; at Gaucin I was provided with a donkey. I loaded it with oranges + and melons, and started forth. When I reached Gibraltar I found that many + people knew <i>La Rollona</i>, but that she was either dead or had gone <i>ad + finibus terroe</i>,* and, to my mind, her disappearance explained the + failure of our correspondence with Carmen. I stabled my donkey, and began + to move about the town, carrying my oranges as though to sell them, but in + reality looking to see whether I could not come across any face I knew. + The place is full of ragamuffins from every country in the world, and it + really is like the Tower of Babel, for you can’t go ten paces along a + street without hearing as many languages. I did see some gipsies, but I + hardly dared confide in them. I was taking stock of them, and they were + taking stock of me. We had mutually guessed each other to be rogues, but + the important thing for us was to know whether we belonged to the same + gang. After having spent two days in fruitless wanderings, and having + found out nothing either as to <i>La Rollona</i> or as to Carmen, I was + thinking I would go back to my comrades as soon as I had made a few + purchases, when, toward sunset, as I was walking along a street, I heard a + woman’s voice from a window say, ‘Orange-seller!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * To the galleys, or else to all the devils in hell. +</pre> + <p> + “I looked up, and on a balcony I saw Carmen looking out, beside a + scarlet-coated officer with gold epaulettes, curly hair, and all the + appearance of a rich <i>milord</i>. As for her, she was magnificently + dressed, a shawl hung on her shoulders, she’d a gold comb in her hair, + everything she wore was of silk; and the cunning little wretch, not a bit + altered, was laughing till she held her sides. + </p> + <p> + “The Englishman shouted to me in mangled Spanish to come upstairs, as the + lady wanted some oranges, and Carmen said to me in Basque: + </p> + <p> + “‘Come up, and don’t look astonished at anything!’ + </p> + <p> + “Indeed, nothing that she did ought ever to have astonished me. I don’t + know whether I was most happy or wretched at seeing her again. At the door + of the house there was a tall English servant with a powdered head, who + ushered me into a splendid drawing-room. Instantly Carmen said to me in + Basque, ‘You don’t know one word of Spanish, and you don’t know me.’ Then + turning to the Englishman, she added: + </p> + <p> + “‘I told you so. I saw at once he was a Basque. Now you’ll hear what a + queer language he speaks. Doesn’t he look silly? He’s like a cat that’s + been caught in the larder!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘And you,’ said I to her in my own language, ‘you look like an impudent + jade—and I’ve a good mind to scar your face here and now, before + your spark.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘My spark!’ said she. ‘Why, you’ve guessed that all alone! Are you + jealous of this idiot? You’re even sillier than you were before our + evening in the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>! Don’t you see, fool, that at + this moment I’m doing gipsy business, and doing it in the most brilliant + manner? This house belongs to me—the guineas of that crayfish will + belong to me! I lead him by the nose, and I’ll lead him to a place that + he’ll never get out of!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘And if I catch you doing any gipsy business in this style again, I’ll + see to it that you never do any again!’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Ah! upon my word! Are you my <i>rom</i>, pray that you give me orders? + If <i>El Tuerto</i> is pleased, what have you to do with it? Oughtn’t you + to be very happy that you are the only man who can call himself my <i>minchorro</i>?’ * + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * My “lover,” or rather my “fancy.” + </pre> + <p> + “‘What does he say?’ inquired the Englishman. + </p> + <p> + “‘He says he’s thirsty, and would like a drink,’ answered Carmen, and she + threw herself back upon a sofa, screaming with laughter at her own + translation. + </p> + <p> + “When that girl begins to laugh, sir, it was hopeless for anybody to try + and talk sense. Everybody laughed with her. The big Englishman began to + laugh too, like the idiot he was, and ordered the servant to bring me + something to drink. + </p> + <p> + “While I was drinking she said to me: + </p> + <p> + “‘Do you see that ring he has on his finger? If you like I’ll give it to + you.’ + </p> + <p> + “And I answered: + </p> + <p> + “‘I would give one of my fingers to have your <i>milord</i> out on the + mountains, and each of us with a <i>maquila</i> in his fist.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Maquila</i>, what does that mean?’ asked the Englishman. + </p> + <p> + “‘Maquila,’ said Carmen, still laughing, ‘means an orange. Isn’t it a + queer word for an orange? He says he’d like you to eat <i>maquila</i>.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Does he?’ said the Englishman. ‘Very well, bring more <i>maquila</i> + to-morrow.’ + </p> + <p> + “While we were talking a servant came in and said dinner was ready. Then + the Englishman stood up, gave me a piastre, and offered his arm to Carmen, + as if she couldn’t have walked alone. Carmen, who was still laughing, said + to me: + </p> + <p> + “‘My boy, I can’t ask you to dinner. But to-morrow, as soon as you hear + the drums beat for parade, come here with your oranges. You’ll find a + better furnished room than the one in the <i>Calle del Candilejo</i>, and + you’ll see whether I am still your <i>Carmencita</i>. Then afterwards + we’ll talk about gipsy business.’ + </p> + <p> + “I gave her no answer—even when I was in the street I could hear the + Englishman shouting, ‘Bring more <i>maquila</i> to-morrow,’ and Carmen’s + peals of laughter. + </p> + <p> + “I went out, not knowing what I should do; I hardly slept, and next + morning I was so enraged with the treacherous creature that I made up my + mind to leave Gibraltar without seeing her again. But the moment the drums + began to roll, my courage failed me. I took up my net full of oranges, and + hurried off to Carmen’s house. Her window-shutters had been pulled apart a + little, and I saw her great dark eyes watching for me. The powdered + servant showed me in at once. Carmen sent him out with a message, and as + soon as we were alone she burst into one of her fits of crocodile laughter + and threw her arms around my neck. Never had I seen her look so beautiful. + She was dressed out like a queen, and scented; she had silken furniture, + embroidered curtains—and I togged out like the thief I was! + </p> + <p> + “‘<i>Minchorro</i>,’ said Carmen, ‘I’ve a good mind to smash up everything + here, set fire to the house, and take myself off to the mountains.’ And + then she would fondle me, and then she would laugh, and she danced about + and tore up her fripperies. Never did monkey gambol nor make such faces, + nor play such wild tricks, as she did that day. When she had recovered her + gravity— + </p> + <p> + “‘Hark!’ she said, ‘this is gipsy business. I mean him to take me to + Ronda, where I have a sister who is a nun’ (here she shrieked with + laughter again). ‘We shall pass by a particular spot which I shall make + known to you. Then you must fall upon him and strip him to the skin. Your + best plan would be to do for him, but,’ she added, with a certain fiendish + smile of hers, which no one who saw it ever had any desire to imitate, ‘do + you know what you had better do? Let <i>El Tuerto</i> come up in front of + you. You keep a little behind. The crayfish is brave, and skilful too, and + he has good pistols. Do you understand?’ + </p> + <p> + “And she broke off with another fit of laughter that made me shiver. + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said I, ‘I hate Garcia, but he’s my comrade. Some day, maybe, I’ll + rid you of him, but we’ll settle our account after the fashion of my + country. It’s only chance that has made me a gipsy, and in certain things + I shall always be a thorough Navarrese,* as the proverb says. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Navarro fino</i>. +</pre> + <p> + “‘You’re a fool,’ she rejoined, ‘a simpleton, a regular <i>payllo</i>. + You’re just like the dwarf who thinks himself tall because he can spit a + long way.* You don’t love me! Be off with you!’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>Or esorjle de or marsichisle, sin chisnar lachinguel</i>. + “The promise of a dwarf is that he will spit a long way.”—A + gipsy proverb. +</pre> + <p> + “Whenever she said to me ‘Be off with you,” I couldn’t go away. I promised + I would start back to my comrades and wait the arrival of the Englishman. + She, on her side, promised she would be ill until she left Gibraltar for + Ronda. + </p> + <p> + “I remained at Gibraltar two days longer. She had the boldness to disguise + herself and come and see me at the inn. I departed, I had a plan of my + own. I went back to our meeting-place with the information as to the spot + and the hour at which the Englishman and Carmen were to pass by. I found + <i>El Dancaire</i> and Garcia waiting for me. We spent the night in a + wood, beside a fire made of pine-cones that blazed splendidly. I suggested + to Garcia that we should play cards, and he agreed. In the second game I + told him he was cheating; he began to laugh; I threw the cards in his + face. He tried to get at his blunderbuss. I set my foot on it, and said, + ‘They say you can use a knife as well as the best ruffian in Malaga; will + you try it with me?’ <i>El Dancaire</i> tried to part us. I had given + Garcia one or two cuffs, his rage had given him courage, he drew his + knife, and I drew mine. We both of us told <i>El Dancaire</i> he must + leave us alone, and let us fight it out. He saw there was no means of + stopping us, so he stood on one side. Garcia was already bent double, like + a cat ready to spring upon a mouse. He held his hat in his left hand to + parry with, and his knife in front of him—that’s their Andalusian + guard. I stood up in the Navarrese fashion, with my left arm raised, my + left leg forward, and my knife held straight along my right thigh. I felt + I was stronger than any giant. He flew at me like an arrow. I turned round + on my left foot, so that he found nothing in front of him. But I thrust + him in the throat, and the knife went in so far that my hand was under his + chin. I gave the blade such a twist that it broke. That was the end. The + blade was carried out of the wound by a gush of blood as thick as my arm, + and he fell full length on his face. + </p> + <p> + “‘What have you done?’ said <i>El Dancaire</i> to me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Hark ye,’ said I, ‘we couldn’t live on together. I love Carmen and I + mean to be the only one. And besides, Garcia was a villain. I remember + what he did to that poor <i>Remendado</i>. There are only two of us left + now, but we are both good fellows. Come, will you have me for your friend, + for life or death?’ + </p> + <p> + “<i>El Dancaire</i> stretched out his hand. He was a man of fifty. + </p> + <p> + “‘Devil take these love stories!’ he cried. ‘If you’d asked him for Carmen + he’d have sold her to you for a piastre! There are only two of us now—how + shall we manage for to-morrow?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘I’ll manage it all alone,’ I answered. ‘I can snap my fingers at the + whole world now.’ + </p> + <p> + “We buried Garcia, and we moved our camp two hundred paces farther on. The + next morning Carmen and her Englishman came along with two muleteers and a + servant. I said to <i>El Dancaire</i>: + </p> + <p> + “‘I’ll look after the Englishman, you frighten the others—they’re + not armed!’ + </p> + <p> + “The Englishman was a plucky fellow. He’d have killed me if Carmen hadn’t + jogged his elbow. + </p> + <p> + “To put it shortly, I won Carmen back that day, and my first words were to + tell her she was a widow. + </p> + <p> + “When she knew how it had all happened— + </p> + <p> + “‘You’ll always be a <i>lillipendi</i>,’ she said. ‘Garcia ought to have + killed you. Your Navarrese guard is a pack of nonsense, and he has sent + far more skilful men than you into the darkness. It was just that his time + had come—and yours will come too.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Ay, and yours too!—if you’re not a faithful <i>romi</i> to me.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘So be it,’ said she. ‘I’ve read in the coffee grounds, more than once, + that you and I were to end our lives together. Pshaw! what must be, will + be!’ and she rattled her castanets, as was her way when she wanted to + drive away some worrying thought. + </p> + <p> + “One runs on when one is talking about one’s self. I dare say all these + details bore you, but I shall soon be at the end of my story. Our new life + lasted for some considerable time. <i>El Dancaire</i> and I gathered a few + comrades about us, who were more trustworthy than our earlier ones, and we + turned our attention to smuggling. Occasionally, indeed, I must confess we + stopped travellers on the highways, but never unless we were at the last + extremity, and could not avoid doing so; and besides, we never ill-treated + the travellers, and confined ourselves to taking their money from them. + </p> + <p> + “For some months I was very well satisfied with Carmen. She still served + us in our smuggling operations, by giving us notice of any opportunity of + making a good haul. She remained either at Malaga, at Cordova, or at + Granada, but at a word from me she would leave everything, and come to + meet me at some <i>venta</i> or even in our lonely camp. Only once—it + was at Malaga—she caused me some uneasiness. I heard she had fixed + her fancy upon a very rich merchant, with whom she probably proposed to + play her Gibraltar trick over again. In spite of everything <i>El Dancaire</i> + said to stop me, I started off, walked into Malaga in broad daylight, + sought for Carmen and carried her off instantly. We had a sharp + altercation. + </p> + <p> + “‘Do you know,’ said she, ‘now that you’re my <i>rom</i> for good and all, + I don’t care for you so much as when you were my <i>minchorro</i>! I won’t + be worried, and above all, I won’t be ordered about. I choose to be free + to do as I like. Take care you don’t drive me too far; if you tire me out, + I’ll find some good fellow who’ll serve you just as you served <i>El + Tuerto</i>.’ + </p> + <p> + “<i>El Dancaire</i> patched it up between us; but we had said things to + each other that rankled in our hearts, and we were not as we had been + before. Shortly after that we had a misfortune: the soldiers caught us, <i>El + Dancaire</i> and two of my comrades were killed; two others were taken. I + was sorely wounded, and, but for my good horse, I should have fallen into + the soldiers’ hands. Half dead with fatigue, and with a bullet in my body, + I sought shelter in a wood, with my only remaining comrade. When I got off + my horse I fainted away, and I thought I was going to die there in the + brushwood, like a shot hare. My comrade carried me to a cave he knew of, + and then he sent to fetch Carmen. + </p> + <p> + “She was at Granada, and she hurried to me at once. For a whole fortnight + she never left me for a single instant. She never closed her eyes; she + nursed me with a skill and care such as no woman ever showed to the man + she loved most tenderly. As soon as I could stand on my feet, she conveyed + me with the utmost secrecy to Granada. These gipsy women find safe shelter + everywhere, and I spent more than six weeks in a house only two doors from + that of the <i>Corregidor</i> who was trying to arrest me. More than once + I saw him pass by, from behind the shutter. At last I recovered, but I had + thought a great deal, on my bed of pain, and I had planned to change my + way of life. I suggested to Carmen that we should leave Spain, and seek an + honest livelihood in the New World. She laughed in my face. + </p> + <p> + “‘We were not born to plant cabbages,’ she cried. ‘Our fate is to live <i>payllos</i>! + Listen: I’ve arranged a business with Nathan Ben-Joseph at Gibraltar. He + has cotton stuffs that he can not get through till you come to fetch them. + He knows you’re alive, and reckons upon you. What would our Gibraltar + correspondents say if you failed them?’ + </p> + <p> + “I let myself by persuaded, and took up my vile trade once more. + </p> + <p> + “While I was hiding at Granada there were bull-fights there, to which + Carmen went. When she came back she talked a great deal about a skilful <i>picador</i> + of the name of Lucas. She knew the name of his horse, and how much his + embroidered jacket had cost him. I paid no attention to this; but a few + days later, Juanito, the only one of my comrades who was left, told me he + had seen Carmen with Lucas in a shop in the Zacatin. Then I began to feel + alarmed. I asked Carmen how and why she had made the <i>picador’s</i> + acquaintance. + </p> + <p> + “‘He’s a man out of whom we may be able to get something,’ said she. ‘A + noisy stream has either water in it or pebbles. He has earned twelve + hundred reals at the bull-fights. It must be one of two things: we must + either have his money, or else, as he is a good rider and a plucky fellow, + we can enroll him in our gang. We have lost such an one an such an one; + you’ll have to replace them. Take this man with you!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘I want neither his money nor himself,’ I replied, ‘and I forbid you to + speak to him.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Beware!’ she retorted. ‘If any one defies me to do a thing, it’s very + quickly done.’ + </p> + <p> + “Luckily the <i>picador</i> departed to Malaga, and I set about passing in + the Jew’s cotton stuffs. This expedition gave me a great deal to do, and + Carmen as well. I forgot Lucas, and perhaps she forgot him too—for + the moment, at all events. It was just about that time, sir, that I met + you, first at Montilla, and then afterward at Cordova. I won’t talk about + that last interview. You know more about it, perhaps, than I do. Carmen + stole your watch from you, she wanted to have your money besides, and + especially that ring I see on your finger, and which she declared to be a + magic ring, the possession of which was very important to her. We had a + violent quarrel, and I struck her. She turned pale and began to cry. It + was the first time I had ever seen her cry, and it affected me in the most + painful manner. I begged her to forgive me, but she sulked with me for a + whole day, and when I started back to Montilla she wouldn’t kiss me. My + heart was still very sore, when, three days later, she joined me with a + smiling face and as merry as a lark. Everything was forgotten, and we were + like a pair of honeymoon lovers. Just as we were parting she said, + ‘There’s a <i>fete</i> at Cordova; I shall go and see it, and then I shall + know what people will be coming away with money, and I can warn you.’ + </p> + <p> + “I let her go. When I was alone I thought about the <i>fete</i>, and about + the change in Carmen’s temper. ‘She must have avenged herself already,’ + said I to myself, ‘since she was the first to make our quarrel up.’ A + peasant told me there was to be bull-fighting at Cordova. Then my blood + began to boil, and I went off like a madman straight to the bull-ring. I + had Lucas pointed out to me, and on the bench, just beside the barrier, I + recognised Carmen. One glance at her was enough to turn my suspicion into + certainty. When the first bull appeared Lucas began, as I had expected to + play the agreeable; he snatched the cockade off the bull and presented it + to Carmen, who put it in her hair at once.* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * <i>La divisa</i>. A knot of ribbon, the colour of which + indicates the pasturage from which each bull comes. This + knot of ribbon is fastened into the bull’s hide with a sort + of hook, and it is considered the very height of gallantry + to snatch it off the living beast and present it to a woman. +</pre> + <p> + “The bull avenged me. Lucas was knocked down, with his horse on his chest, + and the bull on top of both of them. I looked for Carmen, she had + disappeared from her place already. I couldn’t get out of mine, and I was + obliged to wait until the bull-fight was over. Then I went off to that + house you already know, and waited there quietly all that evening and part + of the night. Toward two o’clock in the morning Carmen came back, and was + rather surprised to see me. + </p> + <p> + “‘Come with me,’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘Very well,’ said she, ‘let’s be off.’ + </p> + <p> + “I went and got my horse, and took her up behind me, and we travelled all + the rest of the night without saying a word to each other. When daylight + came we stopped at a lonely inn, not far from a hermitage. There I said to + Carmen: + </p> + <p> + “‘Listen—I forget everything, I won’t mention anything to you. But + swear one thing to me—that you’ll come with me to America, and live + there quietly!’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said she, in a sulky voice, ‘I won’t go to America—I am very + well here.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘That’s because you’re near Lucas. But be very sure that even if he gets + well now, he won’t make old bones. And, indeed, why should I quarrel with + him? I’m tired of killing all your lovers; I’ll kill you this time.’ + </p> + <p> + “She looked at me steadily with her wild eyes, and then she said: + </p> + <p> + “‘I’ve always thought you would kill me. The very first time I saw you I + had just met a priest at the door of my house. And to-night, as we were + going out of Cordova, didn’t you see anything? A hare ran across the road + between your horse’s feet. It is fate.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Carmencita,’ I asked, ‘don’t you love me any more?’ + </p> + <p> + “She gave me no answer, she was sitting cross-legged on a mat, making + marks on the ground with her finger. + </p> + <p> + “‘Let us change our life, Carmen,’ said I imploringly. ‘Let us go away and + live somewhere we shall never be parted. You know we have a hundred and + twenty gold ounces buried under an oak not far from here, and then we have + more money with Ben-Joseph the Jew.’ + </p> + <p> + “She began to smile, and then she said, ‘Me first, and then you. I know it + will happen like that.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Think about it,’ said I. ‘I’ve come to the end of my patience and my + courage. Make up your mind—or else I must make up mine.’ + </p> + <p> + “I left her alone and walked toward the hermitage. I found the hermit + praying. I waited till his prayer was finished. I longed to pray myself, + but I couldn’t. When he rose up from his knees I went to him. + </p> + <p> + “‘Father,’ I said, ‘will you pray for some one who is in great danger?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘I pray for every one who is afflicted,’ he replied. + </p> + <p> + “‘Can you say a mass for a soul which is perhaps about to go into the + presence of its Maker?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes,’ he answered, looking hard at me. + </p> + <p> + “And as there was something strange about me, he tried to make me talk. + </p> + <p> + “‘It seems to me that I have seen you somewhere,’ said he. + </p> + <p> + “I laid a piastre on his bench. + </p> + <p> + “‘When shall you say the mass?’ said I. + </p> + <p> + “‘In half an hour. The son of the innkeeper yonder is coming to serve it. + Tell me, young man, haven’t you something on your conscience that is + tormenting you? Will you listen to a Christian’s counsel?’ + </p> + <p> + “I could hardly restrain my tears. I told him I would come back, and + hurried away. I went and lay down on the grass until I heard the bell. + Then I went back to the chapel, but I stayed outside it. When he had said + the mass, I went back to the <i>venta</i>. I was hoping Carmen would have + fled. She could have taken my horse and ridden away. But I found her there + still. She did not choose that any one should say I had frightened her. + While I had been away she had unfastened the hem of her gown and taken out + the lead that weighted it; and now she was sitting before a table, looking + into a bowl of water into which she had just thrown the lead she had + melted. She was so busy with her spells that at first she didn’t notice my + return. Sometimes she would take out a bit of lead and turn it round every + way with a melancholy look. Sometimes she would sing one of those magic + songs, which invoke the help of Maria Padella, Don Pedro’s mistress, who + is said to have been the <i>Bari Crallisa</i>—the great gipsy + queen.* + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * Maria Padella was accused of having bewitched Don Pedro. + According to one popular tradition she presented Queen + Blanche of Bourbon with a golden girdle which, in the eyes + of the bewitched king, took on the appearance of a living + snake. Hence the repugnance he always showed toward the + unhappy princess. +</pre> + <p> + “‘Carmen,’ I said to her, ‘will you come with me?’ She rose, threw away + her wooden bowl, and put her mantilla over her head ready to start. My + horse was led up, she mounted behind me, and we rode away. + </p> + <p> + “After we had gone a little distance I said to her, ‘So, my Carmen, you + are quite ready to follow me, isn’t that so?’ + </p> + <p> + “She answered, ‘Yes, I’ll follow you, even to death—but I won’t live + with you any more.’ + </p> + <p> + “We had reached a lonely gorge. I stopped my horse. + </p> + <p> + “‘Is this the place?’ she said. + </p> + <p> + “And with a spring she reached the ground. She took off her mantilla and + threw it at her feet, and stood motionless, with one hand on her hip, + looking at me steadily. + </p> + <p> + “‘You mean to kill me, I see that well,’ said she. ‘It is fate. But you’ll + never make me give in.’ + </p> + <p> + “I said to her: ‘Be rational, I implore you; listen to me. All the past is + forgotten. Yet you know it is you who have been my ruin—it is + because of you that I am a robber and a murderer. Carmen, my Carmen, let + me save you, and save myself with you.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Jose,’ she answered, ‘what you ask is impossible. I don’t love you any + more. You love me still, and that is why you want to kill me. If I liked, + I might tell you some other lie, but I don’t choose to give myself the + trouble. Everything is over between us two. You are my <i>rom</i>, and you + have the right to kill your <i>romi</i>, but Carmen will always be free. A + <i>calli</i> she was born, and a <i>calli</i> she’ll die.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Then, you love Lucas?’ I asked. + </p> + <p> + “‘Yes, I have loved him—as I loved you—for an instant—less + than I loved you, perhaps. But now I don’t love anything, and I hate + myself for ever having loved you.’ + </p> + <p> + “I cast myself at her feet, I seized her hands, I watered them with my + tears, I reminded her of all the happy moments we had spent together, I + offered to continue my brigand’s life, if that would please her. + Everything, sir, everything—I offered her everything if she would + only love me again. + </p> + <p> + “She said: + </p> + <p> + “‘Love you again? That’s not possible! Live with you? I will not do it!’ + </p> + <p> + “I was wild with fury. I drew my knife, I would have had her look + frightened, and sue for mercy—but that woman was a demon. + </p> + <p> + “I cried, ‘For the last time I ask you. Will you stay with me?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No! no! no!’ she said, and she stamped her foot. + </p> + <p> + “Then she pulled a ring I had given her off her finger, and cast it into + the brushwood. + </p> + <p> + “I struck her twice over—I had taken Garcia’s knife, because I had + broken my own. At the second thrust she fell without a sound. It seems to + me that I can still see her great black eyes staring at me. Then they grew + dim and the lids closed. + </p> + <p> + “For a good hour I lay there prostrate beside her corpse. Then I + recollected that Carmen had often told me that she would like to lie + buried in a wood. I dug a grave for her with my knife and laid her in it. + I hunted about a long time for her ring, and I found it at last. I put it + into the grave beside her, with a little cross—perhaps I did wrong. + Then I got upon my horse, galloped to Cordova, and gave myself up at the + nearest guard-room. I told them I had killed Carmen, but I would not tell + them where her body was. That hermit was a holy man! He prayed for her—he + said a mass for her soul. Poor child! It’s the <i>calle</i> who are to + blame for having brought her up as they did.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IV + </h2> + <p> + Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over + Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so forth, + are now to be found in the greatest numbers. Most of these people live, or + rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern provinces of + Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom of Murcia. There are + a great many of them in Catalonia. These last frequently cross over into + France and are to be seen at all our southern fairs. The men generally + call themselves grooms, horse doctors, mule-clippers; to these trades they + add the mending of saucepans and brass utensils, not to mention smuggling + and other illicit practices. The women tell fortunes, beg, and sell all + sorts of drugs, some of which are innocent, while some are not. The + physical characteristics of the gipsies are more easily distinguished then + described, and when you have known one, you should be able to recognise a + member of the race among a thousand other men. It is by their physiognomy + and expression, especially, that they differ from the other inhabitants of + the same country. Their complexion is exceedingly swarthy, always darker + than that of the race among whom they live. Hence the name of <i>cale</i> + (blacks) which they frequently apply to themselves.* Their eyes, set with + a decided slant, are large, very black, and shaded by long and heavy + lashes. Their glance can only be compared to that of a wild creature. It + is full at once of boldness and shyness, and in this respect their eyes + are a fair indication of their national character, which is cunning, bold, + but with “the natural fear of blows,” like Panurge. Most of the men are + strapping fellows, slight and active. I don’t think I ever saw a gipsy who + had grown fat. In Germany the gipsy women are often very pretty; but + beauty is very uncommon among the Spanish gitanas. When very young, they + may pass as being attractive in their ugliness, but once they have reached + motherhood, they become absolutely repulsive. The filthiness of both sexes + is incredible, and no one who has not seen a gipsy matron’s hair can form + any conception of what it is, not even if he conjures up the roughest, the + greasiest, and the dustiest heads imaginable. In some of the large + Andalusian towns certain of the gipsy girls, somewhat better looking than + their fellows, will take more care of their personal appearance. These go + out and earn money by performing dances strongly resembling those + forbidden at our public balls in carnival time. An English missionary, Mr. + Borrow, the author of two very interesting works on the Spanish gipsies, + whom he undertook to convert on behalf of the Bible Society, declares + there is no instance of any gitana showing the smallest weakness for a man + not belonging to her own race. The praise he bestows upon their chastity + strikes me as being exceedingly exaggerated. In the first place, the great + majority are in the position of the ugly woman described by Ovid, “<i>Casta + quam nemo rogavit</i>.” As for the pretty ones, they are, like all Spanish + women, very fastidious in choosing their lovers. Their fancy must be + taken, and their favour must be earned. Mr. Borrow quotes, in proof of + their virtue, one trait which does honour to his own, and especially to + his simplicity: he declares that an immoral man of his acquaintance + offered several gold ounces to a pretty gitana, and offered them in vain. + An Andalusian, to whom I retailed this anecdote, asserted that the immoral + man in question would have been far more successful if he had shown the + girl two or three piastres, and that to offer gold ounces to a gipsy was + as poor a method of persuasion as to promise a couple of millions to a + tavern wench. However that may be, it is certain that the gitana shows the + most extraordinary devotion to her husband. There is no danger and no + suffering she will not brave, to help him in his need. One of the names + which the gipsies apply to themselves, <i>Rome</i>, or “the married + couple,” seems to me a proof of their racial respect for the married + state. Speaking generally, it may be asserted that their chief virtue is + their patriotism—if we may thus describe the fidelity they observe + in all their relations with persons of the same origin as their own, their + readiness to help one another, and the inviolable secrecy which they keep + for each other’s benefit, in all compromising matters. And indeed + something of the same sort may be noticed in all mysterious associations + which are beyond the pale of the law. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + * It has struck me that the German gipsies, though they + thoroughly understand the word <i>cale</i>, do not care to be + called by that name. Among themselves they always use the + designation <i>Romane tchave</i>. +</pre> + <p> + Some months ago, I paid a visit to a gipsy tribe in the Vosges country. In + the hut of an old woman, the oldest member of the tribe, I found a gipsy, + in no way related to the family, who was sick of a mortal disease. The man + had left a hospital, where he was well cared for, so that he might die + among his own people. For thirteen weeks he had been lying in bed in their + encampment, and receiving far better treatment than any of the sons and + sons-in-law who shared his shelter. He had a good bed made of straw and + moss, and sheets that were tolerably white, whereas all the rest of the + family, which numbered eleven persons, slept on planks three feet long. So + much for their hospitality. This very same woman, humane as was her + treatment of her guest said to me constantly before the sick man: “<i>Singo, + singo, homte hi mulo</i>.” “Soon, soon he must die!” After all, these + people live such miserable lives, that a reference to the approach of + death can have no terrors for them. + </p> + <p> + One remarkable feature in the gipsy character is their indifference about + religion. Not that they are strong-minded or sceptical. They have never + made any profession of atheism. Far from that, indeed, the religion of the + country which they inhabit is always theirs; but they change their + religion when they change the country of their residence. They are equally + free from the superstitions which replace religious feeling in the minds + of the vulgar. How, indeed, can superstition exist among a race which, as + a rule, makes its livelihood out of the credulity of others? Nevertheless, + I have remarked a particular horror of touching a corpse among the Spanish + gipsies. Very few of these could be induced to carry a dead man to his + grave, even if they were paid for it. + </p> + <p> + I have said that most gipsy women undertake to tell fortunes. They do this + very successfully. But they find a much greater source of profit in the + sale of charms and love-philters. Not only do they supply toads’ claws to + hold fickle hearts, and powdered loadstone to kindle love in cold ones, + but if necessity arises, they can use mighty incantations, which force the + devil to lend them his aid. Last year the following story was related to + me by a Spanish lady. She was walking one day along the <i>Calle d’Alcala</i>, + feeling very sad and anxious. A gipsy woman who was squatting on the + pavement called out to her, “My pretty lady, your lover has played you + false!” (It was quite true.) “Shall I get him back for you?” My readers + will imagine with what joy the proposal was accepted, and how complete was + the confidence inspired by a person who could thus guess the inmost + secrets of the heart. As it would have been impossible to proceed to + perform the operations of magic in the most crowded street in Madrid, a + meeting was arranged for the next day. “Nothing will be easier than to + bring back the faithless one to your feet!” said the gitana. “Do you + happen to have a handkerchief, a scarf, or a mantilla, that he gave you?” + A silken scarf was handed her. “Now sew a piastre into one corner of the + scarf with crimson silk—sew half a piastre into another corner—sew + a peseta here—and a two-real piece there; then, in the middle you + must sew a gold coin—a doubloon would be best.” The doubloon and all + the other coins were duly sewn in. “Now give me the scarf, and I’ll take + it to the Campo Santo when midnight strikes. You come along with me, if + you want to see a fine piece of witchcraft. I promise you shall see the + man you love to-morrow!” The gipsy departed alone for the Campo Santo, + since my Spanish friend was too much afraid of witchcraft to go there with + her. I leave my readers to guess whether my poor forsaken lady ever saw + her lover, or her scarf, again. + </p> + <p> + In spite of their poverty and the sort of aversion they inspire, the + gipsies are treated with a certain amount of consideration by the more + ignorant folk, and they are very proud of it. They feel themselves to be a + superior race as regards intelligence, and they heartily despise the + people whose hospitality they enjoy. “These Gentiles are so stupid,” said + one of the Vosges gipsies to me, “that there is no credit in taking them + in. The other day a peasant woman called out to me in the street. I went + into her house. Her stove smoked and she asked me to give her a charm to + cure it. First of all I made her give me a good bit of bacon, and then I + began to mumble a few words in <i>Romany</i>. ‘You’re a fool,’ I said, + ‘you were born a fool, and you’ll die a fool!’ When I had got near the + door I said to her, in good German, ‘The most certain way of keeping your + stove from smoking is not to light any fire in it!’ and then I took to my + heels.” + </p> + <p> + The history of the gipsies is still a problem. We know, indeed, that their + first bands, which were few and far between, appeared in Eastern Europe + towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. But nobody can tell whence + they started, or why they came to Europe, and, what is still more + extraordinary, no one knows how they multiplied, within a short time, and + in so prodigious a fashion, and in several countries, all very remote from + each other. The gipsies themselves have preserved no tradition whatsoever + as to their origin, and though most of them do speak of Egypt as their + original fatherland, that is only because they have adopted a very ancient + fable respecting their race. + </p> + <p> + Most of the Orientalists who have studied the gipsy language believe that + the cradle of the race was in India. It appears, in fact, that many of the + roots and grammatical forms of the <i>Romany</i> tongue are to be found in + idioms derived from the Sanskrit. As may be imagined, the gipsies, during + their long wanderings, have adopted many foreign words. In every <i>Romany</i> + dialect a number of Greek words appear. + </p> + <p> + At the present day the gipsies have almost as many dialects as there are + separate hordes of their race. Everywhere, they speak the language of the + country they inhabit more easily than their own idiom, which they seldom + use, except with the object of conversing freely before strangers. A + comparison of the dialect of the German gipsies with that used by the + Spanish gipsies, who have held no communication with each other for + several centuries, reveals the existence of a great number of words common + to both. But everywhere the original language is notably affected, though + in different degrees, by its contact with the more cultivated languages + into the use of which the nomads have been forced. German in one case and + Spanish in the other have so modified the <i>Romany</i> groundwork that it + would not be possible for a gipsy from the Black Forest to converse with + one of his Andalusian brothers, although a few sentences on each side + would suffice to convince them that each was speaking a dialect of the + same language. Certain words in very frequent use are, I believe, common + to every dialect. Thus, in every vocabulary which I have been able to + consult, <i>pani</i> means water, <i>manro</i> means bread, <i>mas</i> + stands for meat, and <i>lon</i> for salt. + </p> + <p> + The nouns of number are almost the same in every case. The German dialect + seems to me much purer than the Spanish, for it has preserved numbers of + the primitive grammatical forms, whereas the Gitanos have adopted those of + the Castilian tongue. Nevertheless, some words are an exception, as though + to prove that the language was originally common to all. The preterite of + the German dialect is formed by adding <i>ium</i> to the imperative, which + is always the root of the verb. In the Spanish <i>Romany</i> the verbs are + all conjugated on the model of the first conjugation of the Castilian + verbs. From <i>jamar</i>, the infinitive of “to eat,” the regular + conjugation should be <i>jame</i>, “I have eaten.” From <i>lillar</i>, “to + take,” <i>lille</i>, “I have taken.” Yet, some old gipsies say, as an + exception, <i>jayon</i> and <i>lillon</i>. I am not acquainted with any + other verbs which have preserved this ancient form. + </p> + <p> + While I am thus showing off my small acquaintance with the <i>Romany</i> + language, I must notice a few words of French slang which our thieves have + borrowed from the gipsies. From <i>Les Mysteres de Paris</i> honest folk + have learned that the word <i>chourin</i> means “a knife.” This is pure <i>Romany</i>—<i>tchouri</i> + is one of the words which is common to every dialect. Monsieur Vidocq + calls a horse <i>gres</i>—this again is a gipsy word—<i>gras</i>, + <i>gre</i>, <i>graste</i>, and <i>gris</i>. Add to this the word <i>romanichel</i>, + by which the gipsies are described in Parisian slang. This is a corruption + of <i>romane tchave</i>—“gipsy lads.” But a piece of etymology of + which I am really proud is that of the word <i>frimousse</i>, “face,” + “countenance”—a word which every schoolboy uses, or did use, in my + time. Note, in the first place, the Oudin, in his curious dictionary, + published in 1640, wrote the word <i>firlimouse</i>. Now in <i>Romany</i>, + <i>firla</i>, or <i>fila</i>, stands for “face,” and has the same meaning—it + is exactly the <i>os</i> of the Latins. The combination of <i>firlamui</i> + was instantly understood by a genuine gipsy, and I believe it to be true + to the spirit of the gipsy language. + </p> + <p> + I have surely said enough to give the readers of Carmen a favourable idea + of my <i>Romany</i> studies. I will conclude with the following proverb, + which comes in very appropriately: <i>En retudi panda nasti abela macha</i>. + “Between closed lips no fly can pass.” + </p> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + +***** This file should be named 2465-h.htm or 2465-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/2465/ + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project +Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” + or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project +Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +“Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right +of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’ WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm’s +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. + +The Foundation’s principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation’s web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + </body> +</html> diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465.txt b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b0ace1b --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2830 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Carmen + +Author: Prosper Merimee + +Translator: Lady Mary Loyd + +Release Date: March 28, 2006 [EBook #2465] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + + + + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers + + + + + +CARMEN + +by Prosper Merimee + + +Translated by Lady Mary Loyd + + + + +CHAPTER I + +I had always suspected the geographical authorities did not know what +they were talking about when they located the battlefield of Munda in +the county of the Bastuli-Poeni, close to the modern Monda, some two +leagues north of Marbella. + +According to my own surmise, founded on the text of the anonymous author +of the _Bellum Hispaniense_, and on certain information culled from the +excellent library owned by the Duke of Ossuna, I believed the site of +the memorable struggle in which Caesar played double or quits, once and +for all, with the champions of the Republic, should be sought in the +neighbourhood of Montilla. + +Happening to be in Andalusia during the autumn of 1830, I made a +somewhat lengthy excursion, with the object of clearing up certain +doubts which still oppressed me. A paper which I shall shortly publish +will, I trust, remove any hesitation that may still exist in the minds +of all honest archaeologists. But before that dissertation of mine +finally settles the geographical problem on the solution of which the +whole of learned Europe hangs, I desire to relate a little tale. It will +do no prejudice to the interesting question of the correct locality of +Monda. + +I had hired a guide and a couple of horses at Cordova, and had +started on my way with no luggage save a few shirts, and Caesar's +_Commentaries_. As I wandered, one day, across the higher lands of the +Cachena plain, worn with fatigue, parched with thirst, scorched by a +burning sun, cursing Caesar and Pompey's sons alike, most heartily, my +eye lighted, at some distance from the path I was following, on a little +stretch of green sward dotted with reeds and rushes. That betokened the +neighbourhood of some spring, and, indeed, as I drew nearer I perceived +that what had looked like sward was a marsh, into which a stream, which +seemed to issue from a narrow gorge between two high spurs of the Sierra +di Cabra, ran and disappeared. + +If I rode up that stream, I argued, I was likely to find cooler water, +fewer leeches and frogs, and mayhap a little shade among the rocks. + +At the mouth of the gorge, my horse neighed, and another horse, +invisible to me, neighed back. Before I had advanced a hundred paces, +the gorge suddenly widened, and I beheld a sort of natural amphitheatre, +thoroughly shaded by the steep cliffs that lay all around it. It was +impossible to imagine any more delightful halting place for a traveller. +At the foot of the precipitous rocks, the stream bubbled upward and fell +into a little basin, lined with sand that was as white as snow. Five or +six splendid evergreen oaks, sheltered from the wind, and cooled by the +spring, grew beside the pool, and shaded it with their thick foliage. +And round about it a close and glossy turf offered the wanderer a better +bed than he could have found in any hostelry for ten leagues round. + +The honour of discovering this fair spot did not belong to me. A man was +resting there already--sleeping, no doubt--before I reached it. Roused +by the neighing of the horses, he had risen to his feet and had moved +over to his mount, which had been taking advantage of its master's +slumbers to make a hearty feed on the grass that grew around. He was an +active young fellow, of middle height, but powerful in build, and proud +and sullen-looking in expression. His complexion, which may once have +been fine, had been tanned by the sun till it was darker than his hair. +One of his hands grasped his horse's halter. In the other he held a +brass blunderbuss. + +At the first blush, I confess, the blunderbuss, and the savage looks +of the man who bore it, somewhat took me aback. But I had heard so much +about robbers, that, never seeing any, I had ceased to believe in their +existence. And further, I had seen so many honest farmers arm themselves +to the teeth before they went out to market, that the sight of firearms +gave me no warrant for doubting the character of any stranger. "And +then," quoth I to myself, "what could he do with my shirts and my +Elzevir edition of Caesar's _Commentaries_?" So I bestowed a friendly +nod on the man with the blunderbuss, and inquired, with a smile, whether +I had disturbed his nap. Without any answer, he looked me over from +head to foot. Then, as if the scrutiny had satisfied him, he looked as +closely at my guide, who was just coming up. I saw the guide turn pale, +and pull up with an air of evident alarm. "An unlucky meeting!" thought +I to myself. But prudence instantly counselled me not to let any symptom +of anxiety escape me. So I dismounted. I told the guide to take off the +horses' bridles, and kneeling down beside the spring, I laved my head +and hands and then drank a long draught, lying flat on my belly, like +Gideon's soldiers. + +Meanwhile, I watched the stranger, and my own guide. This last seemed to +come forward unwillingly. But the other did not appear to have any evil +designs upon us. For he had turned his horse loose, and the blunderbuss, +which he had been holding horizontally, was now dropped earthward. + +Not thinking it necessary to take offence at the scant attention paid +me, I stretched myself full length upon the grass, and calmly asked the +owner of the blunderbuss whether he had a light about him. At the same +time I pulled out my cigar-case. The stranger, still without opening his +lips, took out his flint, and lost no time in getting me a light. He was +evidently growing tamer, for he sat down opposite to me, though he still +grasped his weapon. When I had lighted my cigar, I chose out the best I +had left, and asked him whether he smoked. + +"Yes, senor," he replied. These were the first words I had heard him +speak, and I noticed that he did not pronounce the letter _s_* in the +Andalusian fashion, whence I concluded he was a traveller, like myself, +though, maybe, somewhat less of an archaeologist. + + * The Andalusians aspirate the _s_, and pronounce it like + the soft _c_ and the _z_, which Spaniards pronounce like the + English _th_. An Andalusian may always be recognised by the + way in which he says _senor_. + +"You'll find this a fairly good one," said I, holding out a real Havana +regalia. + +He bowed his head slightly, lighted his cigar at mine, thanked me +with another nod, and began to smoke with a most lively appearance of +enjoyment. + +"Ah!" he exclaimed, as he blew his first puff of smoke slowly out of his +ears and nostrils. "What a time it is since I've had a smoke!" + +In Spain the giving and accepting of a cigar establishes bonds of +hospitality similar to those founded in Eastern countries on the +partaking of bread and salt. My friend turned out more talkative than +I had hoped. However, though he claimed to belong to the _partido_ of +Montilla, he seemed very ill-informed about the country. He did not know +the name of the delightful valley in which we were sitting, he could +not tell me the names of any of the neighbouring villages, and when I +inquired whether he had not noticed any broken-down walls, broad-rimmed +tiles, or carved stones in the vicinity, he confessed he had never paid +any heed to such matters. On the other hand, he showed himself an expert +in horseflesh, found fault with my mount--not a difficult affair--and +gave me a pedigree of his own, which had come from the famous stud at +Cordova. It was a splendid creature, indeed, so tough, according to +its owner's claim, that it had once covered thirty leagues in one day, +either at the gallop or at full trot the whole time. In the midst of his +story the stranger pulled up short, as if startled and sorry he had said +so much. "The fact is I was in a great hurry to get to Cordova," he +went on, somewhat embarrassed. "I had to petition the judges about a +lawsuit." As he spoke, he looked at my guide Antonio, who had dropped +his eyes. + +The spring and the cool shade were so delightful that I bethought me +of certain slices of an excellent ham, which my friends at Montilla had +packed into my guide's wallet. I bade him produce them, and invited the +stranger to share our impromptu lunch. If he had not smoked for a long +time, he certainly struck me as having fasted for eight-and-forty hours +at the very least. He ate like a starving wolf, and I thought to myself +that my appearance must really have been quite providential for the poor +fellow. Meanwhile my guide ate but little, drank still less, and spoke +never a word, although in the earlier part of our journey he had proved +himself a most unrivalled chatterer. He seemed ill at ease in the +presence of our guest, and a sort of mutual distrust, the cause of which +I could not exactly fathom, seemed to be between them. + +The last crumbs of bread and scraps of ham had disappeared. We had each +smoked our second cigar; I told the guide to bridle the horses, and was +just about to take leave of my new friend, when he inquired where I was +going to spend the night. + +Before I had time to notice a sign my guide was making to me I had +replied that I was going to the Venta del Cuervo. + +"That's a bad lodging for a gentleman like you, sir! I'm bound there +myself, and if you'll allow me to ride with you, we'll go together." + +"With pleasure!" I replied, mounting my horse. The guide, who was +holding my stirrup, looked at me meaningly again. I answered by +shrugging my shoulders, as though to assure him I was perfectly easy in +my mind, and we started on our way. + +Antonio's mysterious signals, his evident anxiety, a few words dropped +by the stranger, above all, his ride of thirty leagues, and the far from +plausible explanation he had given us of it, had already enabled me +to form an opinion as to the identity of my fellow-traveller. I had +no doubt at all I was in the company of a smuggler, and possibly of a +brigand. What cared I? I knew enough of the Spanish character to be very +certain I had nothing to fear from a man who had eaten and smoked +with me. His very presence would protect me in case of any undesirable +meeting. And besides, I was very glad to know what a brigand was really +like. One doesn't come across such gentry every day. And there is a +certain charm about finding one's self in close proximity to a dangerous +being, especially when one feels the being in question to be gentle and +tame. + +I was hoping the stranger might gradually fall into a confidential +mood, and in spite of my guide's winks, I turned the conversation to +the subject of highwaymen. I need scarcely say that I spoke of them with +great respect. At that time there was a famous brigand in Andalusia, of +the name of Jose-Maria, whose exploits were on every lip. "Supposing I +should be riding along with Jose-Maria!" said I to myself. I told all +the stories I knew about the hero--they were all to his credit, indeed, +and loudly expressed my admiration of his generosity and his valour. + +"Jose-Maria is nothing but a blackguard," said the stranger gravely. + +"Is he just to himself, or is this an excess of modesty?" I queried, +mentally, for by dint of scrutinizing my companion, I had ended by +reconciling his appearance with the description of Jose-Maria which I +read posted up on the gates of various Andalusian towns. "Yes, this must +be he--fair hair, blue eyes, large mouth, good teeth, small hands, fine +shirt, a velvet jacket with silver buttons on it, white leather gaiters, +and a bay horse. Not a doubt about it. But his _incognito_ shall be +respected!" We reached the _venta_. It was just what he had described +to me. In other words, the most wretched hole of its kind I had as yet +beheld. One large apartment served as kitchen, dining-room, and sleeping +chamber. A fire was burning on a flat stone in the middle of the room, +and the smoke escaped through a hole in the roof, or rather hung in a +cloud some feet above the soil. Along the walls five or six mule rugs +were spread on the floor. These were the travellers' beds. Twenty paces +from the house, or rather from the solitary apartment which I have just +described, stood a sort of shed, that served for a stable. + +The only inhabitants of this delightful dwelling visible at the moment, +at all events, were an old woman, and a little girl of ten or twelve +years old, both of them as black as soot, and dressed in loathsome rags. +"Here's the sole remnant of the ancient populations of Munda Boetica," +said I to myself. "O Caesar! O Sextus Pompeius, if you were to revisit +this earth how astounded you would be!" + +When the old woman saw my travelling companion an exclamation of +surprise escaped her. "Ah! Senor Don Jose!" she cried. + +Don Jose frowned and lifted his hand with a gesture of authority that +forthwith silenced the old dame. + +I turned to my guide and gave him to understand, by a sign that no one +else perceived, that I knew all about the man in whose company I was +about to spend the night. Our supper was better than I expected. On +a little table, only a foot high, we were served with an old rooster, +fricasseed with rice and numerous peppers, then more peppers in oil, +and finally a _gaspacho_--a sort of salad made of peppers. These three +highly spiced dishes involved our frequent recourse to a goatskin filled +with Montella wine, which struck us as being delicious. + +After our meal was over, I caught sight of a mandolin hanging up against +the wall--in Spain you see mandolins in every corner--and I asked the +little girl, who had been waiting on us, if she knew how to play it. + +"No," she replied. "But Don Jose does play well!" + +"Do me the kindness to sing me something," I said to him, "I'm +passionately fond of your national music." + +"I can't refuse to do anything for such a charming gentleman, who gives +me such excellent cigars," responded Don Jose gaily, and having made +the child give him the mandolin, he sang to his own accompaniment. His +voice, though rough, was pleasing, the air he sang was strange and sad. +As to the words, I could not understand a single one of them. + +"If I am not mistaken," said I, "that's not a Spanish air you have just +been singing. It's like the _zorzicos_ I've heard in the Provinces,* and +the words must be in the Basque language." + +* The _privileged Provinces_, Alava, Biscay, Guipuzcoa, and a part of +Navarre, which all enjoy special _fueros_. The Basque language is spoken +in these countries. + +"Yes," said Don Jose, with a gloomy look. He laid the mandolin down on +the ground, and began staring with a peculiarly sad expression at the +dying fire. His face, at once fierce and noble-looking, reminded me, +as the firelight fell on it, of Milton's Satan. Like him, perchance, +my comrade was musing over the home he had forfeited, the exile he had +earned, by some misdeed. I tried to revive the conversation, but so +absorbed was he in melancholy thought, that he gave me no answer. + +The old woman had already gone to rest in a corner of the room, behind +a ragged rug hung on a rope. The little girl had followed her into this +retreat, sacred to the fair sex. Then my guide rose, and suggested that +I should go with him to the stable. But at the word Don Jose, waking, as +it were, with a start, inquired sharply whither he was going. + +"To the stable," answered the guide. + +"What for? The horses have been fed! You can sleep here. The senor will +give you leave." + +"I'm afraid the senor's horse is sick. I'd like the senor to see it. +Perhaps he'd know what should be done for it." + +It was quite clear to me that Antonio wanted to speak to me apart. + +But I did not care to rouse Don Jose's suspicions, and being as we +were, I thought far the wisest course for me was to appear absolutely +confident. + +I therefore told Antonio that I knew nothing on earth about horses, and +that I was desperately sleepy. Don Jose followed him to the stable, and +soon returned alone. He told me there was nothing the matter with the +horse, but that my guide considered the animal such a treasure that he +was scrubbing it with his jacket to make it sweat, and expected to spend +the night in that pleasing occupation. Meanwhile I had stretched myself +out on the mule rugs, having carefully wrapped myself up in my own +cloak, so as to avoid touching them. Don Jose, having begged me to +excuse the liberty he took in placing himself so near me, lay down +across the door, but not until he had primed his blunderbuss afresh and +carefully laid it under the wallet, which served him as a pillow. + +I had thought I was so tired that I should be able to sleep even in such +a lodging. But within an hour a most unpleasant itching sensation roused +me from my first nap. As soon as I realized its nature, I rose to my +feet, feeling convinced I should do far better to spend the rest of +the night in the open air than beneath that inhospitable roof. Walking +tiptoe I reached the door, stepped over Don Jose, who was sleeping the +sleep of the just, and managed so well that I got outside the building +without waking him. Just beside the door there was a wide wooden +bench. I lay down upon it, and settled myself, as best I could, for the +remainder of the night. I was just closing my eyes for a second time +when I fancied I saw the shadow of a man and then the shadow of a horse +moving absolutely noiselessly, one behind the other. I sat upright, and +then I thought I recognised Antonio. Surprised to see him outside the +stable at such an hour, I got up and went toward him. He had seen me +first, and had stopped to wait for me. + +"Where is he?" Antonio inquired in a low tone. + +"In the _venta_. He's asleep. The bugs don't trouble him. But what are +you going to do with that horse?" I then noticed that, to stifle all +noise as he moved out of the shed, Antonio had carefully muffled the +horse's feet in the rags of an old blanket. + +"Speak lower, for God's sake," said Antonio. "You don't know who that +man is. He's Jose Navarro, the most noted bandit in Andalusia. I've been +making signs to you all day long, and you wouldn't understand." + +"What do I care whether he's a brigand or not," I replied. "He hasn't +robbed us, and I'll wager he doesn't want to." + +"That may be. But there are two hundred ducats on his head. Some lancers +are stationed in a place I know, a league and a half from here, and +before daybreak I'll bring a few brawny fellows back with me. I'd have +taken his horse away, but the brute's so savage that nobody but Navarro +can go near it." + +"Devil take you!" I cried. "What harm has the poor fellow done you that +you should want to inform against him? And besides, are you certain he +is the brigand you take him for?" + +"Perfectly certain! He came after me into the stable just now, and said, +'You seem to know me. If you tell that good gentleman who I am, I'll +blow your brains out!' You stay here, sir, keep close to him. You've +nothing to fear. As long as he knows you are there, he won't suspect +anything." + +As we talked, we had moved so far from the _venta_ that the noise of the +horse's hoofs could not be heard there. In a twinkling Antonio snatched +off the rags he had wrapped around the creature's feet, and was just +about to climb on its back. In vain did I attempt with prayers and +threats to restrain him. + +"I'm only a poor man, senor," quoth he, "I can't afford to lose two +hundred ducats--especially when I shall earn them by ridding the country +of such vermin. But mind what you're about! If Navarro wakes up, he'll +snatch at his blunderbuss, and then look out for yourself! I've gone too +far now to turn back. Do the best you can for yourself!" + +The villain was in his saddle already, he spurred his horse smartly, and +I soon lost sight of them both in the darkness. + +I was very angry with my guide, and terribly alarmed as well. After a +moment's reflection, I made up my mind, and went back to the _venta_. +Don Jose was still sound asleep, making up, no doubt, for the fatigue +and sleeplessness of several days of adventure. I had to shake him +roughly before I could wake him up. Never shall I forget his fierce +look, and the spring he made to get hold of his blunderbuss, which, as a +precautionary measure, I had removed to some distance from his couch. + +"Senor," I said, "I beg your pardon for disturbing you. But I have a +silly question to ask you. Would you be glad to see half a dozen lancers +walk in here?" + +He bounded to his feet, and in an awful voice he demanded: + +"Who told you?" + +"It's little matter whence the warning comes, so long as it be good." + +"Your guide has betrayed me--but he shall pay for it! Where is he?" + +"I don't know. In the stable, I fancy. But somebody told me--" + +"Who told you? It can't be the old hag--" + +"Some one I don't know. Without more parleying, tell me, yes or no, have +you any reason for not waiting till the soldiers come? If you have +any, lose no time! If not, good-night to you, and forgive me for having +disturbed your slumbers!" + +"Ah, your guide! Your guide! I had my doubts of him at first--but--I'll +settle with him! Farewell, senor. May God reward you for the service +I owe you! I am not quite so wicked as you think me. Yes, I still have +something in me that an honest man may pity. Farewell, senor! I have +only one regret--that I can not pay my debt to you!" + +"As a reward for the service I have done you, Don Jose, promise me +you'll suspect nobody--nor seek for vengeance. Here are some cigars for +your journey. Good luck to you." And I held out my hand to him. + +He squeezed it, without a word, took up his wallet and blunderbuss, and +after saying a few words to the old woman in a lingo that I could not +understand, he ran out to the shed. A few minutes later, I heard him +galloping out into the country. + +As for me, I lay down again on my bench, but I did not go to sleep +again. I queried in my own mind whether I had done right to save a +robber, and possibly a murderer, from the gallows, simply and solely +because I had eaten ham and rice in his company. Had I not betrayed my +guide, who was supporting the cause of law and order? Had I not +exposed him to a ruffian's vengeance? But then, what about the laws of +hospitality? + +"A mere savage prejudice," said I to myself. "I shall have to answer for +all the crimes this brigand may commit in future." Yet is that instinct +of the conscience which resists every argument really a prejudice? It +may be I could not have escaped from the delicate position in which I +found myself without remorse of some kind. I was still tossed to and +fro, in the greatest uncertainty as to the morality of my behaviour, +when I saw half a dozen horsemen ride up, with Antonio prudently lagging +behind them. I went to meet them, and told them the brigand had fled +over two hours previously. The old woman, when she was questioned by the +sergeant, admitted that she knew Navarro, but said that living alone, +as she did, she would never have dared to risk her life by informing +against him. She added that when he came to her house, he habitually +went away in the middle of the night. I, for my part, was made to ride +to a place some leagues away, where I showed my passport, and signed a +declaration before the _Alcalde_. This done, I was allowed to recommence +my archaeological investigations. Antonio was sulky with me; suspecting +it was I who had prevented his earning those two hundred ducats. +Nevertheless, we parted good friends at Cordova, where I gave him as +large a gratuity as the state of my finances would permit. + + + +CHAPTER II + +I spent several days at Cordova. I had been told of a certain manuscript +in the library of the Dominican convent which was likely to furnish me +with very interesting details about the ancient Munda. The good fathers +gave me the most kindly welcome. I spent the daylight hours within their +convent, and at night I walked about the town. At Cordova a great many +idlers collect, toward sunset, in the quay that runs along the right +bank of the Guadalquivir. Promenaders on the spot have to breathe the +odour of a tan yard which still keeps up the ancient fame of the country +in connection with the curing of leather. But to atone for this, they +enjoy a sight which has a charm of its own. A few minutes before the +Angelus bell rings, a great company of women gathers beside the river, +just below the quay, which is rather a high one. Not a man would dare +to join its ranks. The moment the Angelus rings, darkness is supposed to +have fallen. As the last stroke sounds, all the women disrobe and step +into the water. Then there is laughing and screaming and a wonderful +clatter. The men on the upper quay watch the bathers, straining +their eyes, and seeing very little. Yet the white uncertain outlines +perceptible against the dark-blue waters of the stream stir the poetic +mind, and the possessor of a little fancy finds it not difficult to +imagine that Diana and her nymphs are bathing below, while he himself +runs no risk of ending like Acteon. + +I have been told that one day a party of good-for-nothing fellows banded +themselves together, and bribed the bell-ringer at the cathedral to ring +the Angelus some twenty minutes before the proper hour. Though it was +still broad daylight, the nymphs of the Guadalquivir never hesitated, +and putting far more trust in the Angelus bell than in the sun, they +proceeded to their bathing toilette--always of the simplest--with an +easy conscience. I was not present on that occasion. In my day, the +bell-ringer was incorruptible, the twilight was very dim, and nobody but +a cat could have distinguished the difference between the oldest orange +woman, and the prettiest shop-girl, in Cordova. + +One evening, after it had grown quite dusk, I was leaning over the +parapet of the quay, smoking, when a woman came up the steps leading +from the river, and sat down near me. In her hair she wore a great +bunch of jasmine--a flower which, at night, exhales a most intoxicating +perfume. She was dressed simply, almost poorly, in black, as most +work-girls are dressed in the evening. Women of the richer class only +wear black in the daytime, at night they dress _a la francesa_. When she +drew near me, the woman let the mantilla which had covered her head +drop on her shoulders, and "by the dim light falling from the stars" I +perceived her to be young, short in stature, well-proportioned, and with +very large eyes. I threw my cigar away at once. She appreciated this +mark of courtesy, essentially French, and hastened to inform me that she +was very fond of the smell of tobacco, and that she even smoked herself, +when she could get very mild _papelitos_. I fortunately happened to have +some such in my case, and at once offered them to her. She condescended +to take one, and lighted it at a burning string which a child brought +us, receiving a copper for its pains. We mingled our smoke, and talked +so long, the fair lady and I, that we ended by being almost alone on +the quay. I thought I might venture, without impropriety, to suggest our +going to eat an ice at the _neveria_.* After a moment of modest demur, +she agreed. But before finally accepting, she desired to know what +o'clock it was. I struck my repeater, and this seemed to astound her +greatly. + + * A _cafe_ to which a depot of ice, or rather of snow, is + attached. There is hardly a village in Spain without its + _neveria_. + +"What clever inventions you foreigners do have! What country do you +belong to, sir? You're an Englishman, no doubt!"* + + * Every traveller in Spain who does not carry about samples + of calicoes and silks is taken for an Englishman + (_inglesito_). It is the same thing in the East. + +"I'm a Frenchman, and your devoted servant. And you, senora, or +senorita, you probably belong to Cordova?" + +"No." + +"At all events, you are an Andalusian? Your soft way of speaking makes +me think so." + +"If you notice people's accent so closely, you must be able to guess +what I am." + +"I think you are from the country of Jesus, two paces out of Paradise." + +I had learned the metaphor, which stands for Andalusia, from my friend +Francisco Sevilla, a well-known _picador_. + +"Pshaw! The people here say there is no place in Paradise for us!" + +"Then perhaps you are of Moorish blood--or----" I stopped, not venturing +to add "a Jewess." + +"Oh come! You must see I'm a gipsy! Wouldn't you like me to tell you _la +baji_?* Did you never hear tell of Carmencita? That's who I am!" + +* Your fortune. + +I was such a miscreant in those days--now fifteen years ago--that the +close proximity of a sorceress did not make me recoil in horror. "So be +it!" I thought. "Last week I ate my supper with a highway robber. To-day +I'll go and eat ices with a servant of the devil. A traveller should see +everything." I had yet another motive for prosecuting her acquaintance. +When I left college--I acknowledge it with shame--I had wasted a certain +amount of time in studying occult science, and had even attempted, more +than once, to exorcise the powers of darkness. Though I had been cured, +long since, of my passion for such investigations, I still felt a +certain attraction and curiosity with regard to all superstitions, and I +was delighted to have this opportunity of discovering how far the magic +art had developed among the gipsies. + +Talking as we went, we had reached the _neveria_, and seated ourselves +at a little table, lighted by a taper protected by a glass globe. I then +had time to take a leisurely view of my _gitana_, while several +worthy individuals, who were eating their ices, stared open-mouthed at +beholding me in such gay company. + +I very much doubt whether Senorita Carmen was a pure-blooded gipsy. At +all events, she was infinitely prettier than any other woman of her race +I have ever seen. For a women to be beautiful, they say in Spain, she +must fulfil thirty _ifs_, or, if it please you better, you must be able +to define her appearance by ten adjectives, applicable to three portions +of her person. + +For instance, three things about her must be black, her eyes, her +eyelashes, and her eyebrows. Three must be dainty, her fingers, her +lips, her hair, and so forth. For the rest of this inventory, see +Brantome. My gipsy girl could lay no claim to so many perfections. Her +skin, though perfectly smooth, was almost of a copper hue. Her eyes +were set obliquely in her head, but they were magnificent and large. Her +lips, a little full, but beautifully shaped, revealed a set of teeth as +white as newly skinned almonds. Her hair--a trifle coarse, perhaps--was +black, with blue lights on it like a raven's wing, long and glossy. Not +to weary my readers with too prolix a description, I will merely add, +that to every blemish she united some advantage, which was perhaps all +the more evident by contrast. There was something strange and wild about +her beauty. Her face astonished you, at first sight, but nobody could +forget it. Her eyes, especially, had an expression of mingled sensuality +and fierceness which I had never seen in any other human glance. +"Gipsy's eye, wolf's eye!" is a Spanish saying which denotes close +observation. If my readers have no time to go to the "Jardin des +Plantes" to study the wolf's expression, they will do well to watch the +ordinary cat when it is lying in wait for a sparrow. + +It will be understood that I should have looked ridiculous if I had +proposed to have my fortune told in a _cafe_. I therefore begged the +pretty witch's leave to go home with her. She made no difficulties +about consenting, but she wanted to know what o'clock it was again, and +requested me to make my repeater strike once more. + +"Is it really gold?" she said, gazing at it with rapt attention. + +When we started off again, it was quite dark. Most of the shops were +shut, and the streets were almost empty. We crossed the bridge over the +Guadalquivir, and at the far end of the suburb we stopped in front of +a house of anything but palatial appearance. The door was opened by a +child, to whom the gipsy spoke a few words in a language unknown to me, +which I afterward understood to be _Romany_, or _chipe calli_--the gipsy +idiom. The child instantly disappeared, leaving us in sole possession of +a tolerably spacious room, furnished with a small table, two stools, and +a chest. I must not forget to mention a jar of water, a pile of oranges, +and a bunch of onions. + +As soon as we were left alone, the gipsy produced, out of her chest, +a pack of cards, bearing signs of constant usage, a magnet, a dried +chameleon, and a few other indispensable adjuncts of her art. Then she +bade me cross my left hand with a silver coin, and the magic ceremonies +duly began. It is unnecessary to chronicle her predictions, and as for +the style of her performance, it proved her to be no mean sorceress. + +Unluckily we were soon disturbed. The door was suddenly burst open, +and a man, shrouded to the eyes in a brown cloak, entered the room, +apostrophizing the gipsy in anything but gentle terms. What he said I +could not catch, but the tone of his voice revealed the fact that he was +in a very evil temper. The gipsy betrayed neither surprise nor anger +at his advent, but she ran to meet him, and with a most striking +volubility, she poured out several sentences in the mysterious language +she had already used in my presence. The word _payllo_, frequently +reiterated, was the only one I understood. I knew that the gipsies use +it to describe all men not of their own race. Concluding myself to be +the subject of this discourse, I was prepared for a somewhat delicate +explanation. I had already laid my hand on the leg of one of the stools, +and was studying within myself to discover the exact moment at which I +had better throw it at his head, when, roughly pushing the gipsy to one +side, the man advanced toward me. Then with a step backward he cried: + +"What, sir! Is it you?" + +I looked at him in my turn and recognised my friend Don Jose. At that +moment I did feel rather sorry I had saved him from the gallows. + +"What, is it you, my good fellow?" I exclaimed, with as easy a smile as +I could muster. "You have interrupted this young lady just when she was +foretelling me most interesting things!" + +"The same as ever. There shall be an end to it!" he hissed between his +teeth, with a savage glance at her. + +Meanwhile the _gitana_ was still talking to him in her own tongue. She +became more and more excited. Her eyes grew fierce and bloodshot, +her features contracted, she stamped her foot. She seemed to me to be +earnestly pressing him to do something he was unwilling to do. What this +was I fancied I understood only too well, by the fashion in which she +kept drawing her little hand backward and forward under her chin. I was +inclined to think she wanted to have somebody's throat cut, and I had a +fair suspicion the throat in question was my own. To all her torrent of +eloquence Don Jose's only reply was two or three shortly spoken words. +At this the gipsy cast a glance of the most utter scorn at him, then, +seating herself Turkish-fashion in a corner of the room, she picked out +an orange, tore off the skin, and began to eat it. + +Don Jose took hold of my arm, opened the door, and led me into the +street. We walked some two hundred paces in the deepest silence. Then he +stretched out his hand. + +"Go straight on," he said, "and you'll come to the bridge." + +That instant he turned his back on me and departed at a great pace. I +took my way back to my inn, rather crestfallen, and considerably out +of temper. The worst of all was that, when I undressed, I discovered my +watch was missing. + +Various considerations prevented me from going to claim it next day, or +requesting the _Corregidor_ to be good enough to have a search made +for it. I finished my work on the Dominican manuscript, and went on +to Seville. After several months spent wandering hither and thither in +Andalusia, I wanted to get back to Madrid, and with that object I had to +pass through Cordova. I had no intention of making any stay there, for +I had taken a dislike to that fair city, and to the ladies who bathed +in the Guadalquivir. Nevertheless, I had some visits to pay, and certain +errands to do, which must detain me several days in the old capital of +the Mussulman princes. + +The moment I made my appearance in the Dominican convent, one of the +monks, who had always shown the most lively interest in my inquiries +as to the site of the battlefield of Munda, welcomed me with open arms, +exclaiming: + +"Praised be God! You are welcome! My dear friend. We all thought you +were dead, and I myself have said many a _pater_ and _ave_ (not that I +regret them!) for your soul. Then you weren't murdered, after all? That +you were robbed, we know!" + +"What do you mean?" I asked, rather astonished. + +"Oh, you know! That splendid repeater you used to strike in the library +whenever we said it was time for us to go into church. Well, it has been +found, and you'll get it back." + +"Why," I broke in, rather put out of countenance, "I lost it--" + +"The rascal's under lock and key, and as he was known to be a man who +would shoot any Christian for the sake of a _peseta_, we were +most dreadfully afraid he had killed you. I'll go with you to the +_Corregidor_, and he'll give you back your fine watch. And after that, +you won't dare to say the law doesn't do its work properly in Spain." + +"I assure you," said I, "I'd far rather lose my watch than have to +give evidence in court to hang a poor unlucky devil, and especially +because--because----" + +"Oh, you needn't be alarmed! He's thoroughly done for; they might hang +him twice over. But when I say hang, I say wrong. Your thief is an +_Hidalgo_. So he's to be garrotted the day after to-morrow, without +fail.* So you see one theft more or less won't affect his position. +Would to God he had done nothing but steal! But he has committed several +murders, one more hideous than the other." + + * In 1830, the noble class still enjoyed this privilege. + Nowadays, under the constitutional _regime_, commoners have + attained the same dignity. + +"What's his name?" + +"In this country he is only known as Jose Navarro, but he has another +Basque name, which neither your nor I will ever be able to pronounce. +By the way, the man is worth seeing, and you, who like to study the +peculiar features of each country, shouldn't lose this chance of noting +how a rascal bids farewell to this world in Spain. He is in jail, and +Father Martinez will take you to him." + +So bent was my Dominican friend on my seeing the preparations for this +"neat little hanging job" that I was fain to agree. I went to see the +prisoner, having provided myself with a bundle of cigars, which I hoped +might induce him to forgive my intrusion. + +I was ushered into Don Jose's presence just as he was sitting at table. +He greeted me with a rather distant nod, and thanked me civilly for the +present I had brought him. Having counted the cigars in the bundle I +had placed in his hand, he took out a certain number and returned me the +rest, remarking that he would not need any more of them. + +I inquired whether by laying out a little money, or by applying to +my friends, I might not be able to do something to soften his lot. He +shrugged his shoulders, to begin with, smiling sadly. Soon, as by an +after-thought, he asked me to have a mass said for the repose of his +soul. + +Then he added nervously: "Would you--would you have another said for a +person who did you a wrong?" + +"Assuredly I will, my dear fellow," I answered. "But no one in this +country has wronged me so far as I know." + +He took my hand and squeezed it, looking very grave. After a moment's +silence, he spoke again. + +"Might I dare to ask another service of you? When you go back to your +own country perhaps you will pass through Navarre. At all events you'll +go by Vittoria, which isn't very far off." + +"Yes," said I, "I shall certainly pass through Vittoria. But I may very +possibly go round by Pampeluna, and for your sake, I believe I should be +very glad to do it." + +"Well, if you do go to Pampeluna, you'll see more than one thing that +will interest you. It's a fine town. I'll give you this medal," he +showed me a little silver medal that he wore hung around his neck. +"You'll wrap it up in paper"--he paused a moment to master his +emotion--"and you'll take it, or send it, to an old lady whose address +I'll give you. Tell her I am dead--but don't tell her how I died." + +I promised to perform his commission. I saw him the next day, and spent +part of it in his company. From his lips I learned the sad incidents +that follow. + + + +CHAPTER III + +"I was born," he said, "at Elizondo, in the valley of Baztan. My name is +Don Jose Lizzarrabengoa, and you know enough of Spain, sir, to know at +once, by my name, that I come of an old Christian and Basque stock. I +call myself Don, because I have a right to it, and if I were at Elizondo +I could show you my parchment genealogy. My family wanted me to go into +the church, and made me study for it, but I did not like work. I was too +fond of playing tennis, and that was my ruin. When we Navarrese begin +to play tennis, we forget everything else. One day, when I had won the +game, a young fellow from Alava picked a quarrel with me. We took to our +_maquilas_,* and I won again. But I had to leave the neighbourhood. +I fell in with some dragoons, and enlisted in the Almanza Cavalry +Regiment. Mountain folks like us soon learn to be soldiers. Before long +I was a corporal, and I had been told I should soon be made a sergeant, +when, to my misfortune, I was put on guard at the Seville Tobacco +Factory. If you have been to Seville you have seen the great building, +just outside the ramparts, close to the Guadalquivir; I can fancy I see +the entrance, and the guard room just beside it, even now. When Spanish +soldiers are on duty, they either play cards or go to sleep. I, like an +honest Navarrese, always tried to keep myself busy. I was making a chain +to hold my priming-pin, out of a bit of wire: all at once, my comrades +said, 'there's the bell ringing, the girls are coming back to work.' You +must know, sir, that there are quite four or five hundred women employed +in the factory. They roll the cigars in a great room into which no man +can go without a permit from the _Veintiquatro_,** because when the +weather is hot they make themselves at home, especially the young ones. +When the work-girls come back after their dinner, numbers of young men +go down to see them pass by, and talk all sorts of nonsense to them. +Very few of those young ladies will refuse a silk mantilla, and men who +care for that sort of sport have nothing to do but bend down and pick +their fish up. While the others watched the girls go by, I stayed on my +bench near the door. I was a young fellow then--my heart was still in +my own country, and I didn't believe in any pretty girls who hadn't +blue skirts and long plaits of hair falling on their shoulders.*** And +besides, I was rather afraid of the Andalusian women. I had not got used +to their ways yet; they were always jeering one--never spoke a single +word of sense. So I was sitting with my nose down upon my chain, when I +heard some bystanders say, 'Here comes the _gitanella_!' Then I lifted +up my eyes, and I saw her! It was that very Carmen you know, and in +whose rooms I met you a few months ago. + + * Iron-shod sticks used by the Basques. + + ** Magistrate in charge of the municipal police + arrangements, and local government regulations. + + *** The costume usually worn by peasant women in Navarre and + the Basque Provinces. + +"She was wearing a very short skirt, below which her white silk +stockings--with more than one hole in them--and her dainty red morocco +shoes, fastened with flame-coloured ribbons, were clearly seen. She had +thrown her mantilla back, to show her shoulders, and a great bunch of +acacia that was thrust into her chemise. She had another acacia blossom +in the corner of her mouth, and she walked along, swaying her hips, like +a filly from the Cordova stud farm. In my country anybody who had seen +a woman dressed in that fashion would have crossed himself. At Seville +every man paid her some bold compliment on her appearance. She had +an answer for each and all, with her hand on her hip, as bold as the +thorough gipsy she was. At first I didn't like her looks, and I fell to +my work again. But she, like all women and cats, who won't come if you +call them, and do come if you don't call them, stopped short in front of +me, and spoke to me. + +"'_Compadre_,' said she, in the Andalusian fashion, 'won't you give me +your chain for the keys of my strong box?' + +"'It's for my priming-pin,' said I. + +"'Your priming-pin!' she cried, with a laugh. 'Oho! I suppose the +gentleman makes lace, as he wants pins!' + +"Everybody began to laugh, and I felt myself getting red in the face, +and couldn't hit on anything in answer. + +"'Come, my love!' she began again, 'make me seven ells of lace for my +mantilla, my pet pin-maker!' + +"And taking the acacia blossom out of her mouth she flipped it at me +with her thumb so that it hit me just between the eyes. I tell you, sir, +I felt as if a bullet had struck me. I didn't know which way to look. +I sat stock-still, like a wooden board. When she had gone into the +factory, I saw the acacia blossom, which had fallen on the ground +between my feet. I don't know what made me do it, but I picked it up, +unseen by any of my comrades, and put it carefully inside my jacket. +That was my first folly. + +"Two or three hours later I was still thinking about her, when a +panting, terrified-looking porter rushed into the guard-room. He told +us a woman had been stabbed in the great cigar-room, and that the guard +must be sent in at once. The sergeant told me to take two men, and go +and see to it. I took my two men and went upstairs. Imagine, sir, that +when I got into the room, I found, to begin with, some three hundred +women, stripped to their shifts, or very near it, all of them screaming +and yelling and gesticulating, and making such a row that you couldn't +have heard God's own thunder. On one side of the room one of the women +was lying on the broad of her back, streaming with blood, with an X +newly cut on her face by two strokes of a knife. Opposite the wounded +woman, whom the best-natured of the band were attending, I saw Carmen, +held by five or six of her comrades. The wounded woman was crying out, +'A confessor, a confessor! I'm killed!' Carmen said nothing at all. She +clinched her teeth and rolled her eyes like a chameleon. 'What's this?' +I asked. I had hard work to find out what had happened, for all the +work-girls talked at once. It appeared that the injured girl had boasted +she had money enough in her pocket to buy a donkey at the Triana Market. +'Why,' said Carmen, who had a tongue of her own, 'can't you do with a +broom?' Stung by this taunt, it may be because she felt herself rather +unsound in that particular, the other girl replied that she knew nothing +about brooms, seeing she had not the honour of being either a gipsy +or one of the devil's godchildren, but that the Senorita Carmen would +shortly make acquaintance with her donkey, when the _Corregidor_ took +her out riding with two lackeys behind her to keep the flies off. +'Well,' retorted Carmen, 'I'll make troughs for the flies to drink +out of on your cheeks, and I'll paint a draught-board on them!'* And +thereupon, slap, bank! She began making St. Andrew's crosses on the +girl's face with a knife she had been using for cutting off the ends of +the cigars. + + * _Pintar un javeque_, "paint a xebec," a particular type of + ship. Most Spanish vessels of this description have a + checkered red and white stripe painted around them. + +"The case was quite clear. I took hold of Carmen's arm. 'Sister mine,' I +said civilly, 'you must come with me.' She shot a glance of recognition +at me, but she said, with a resigned look: 'Let's be off. Where is my +mantilla?' She put it over her head so that only one of her great eyes +was to be seen, and followed my two men, as quiet as a lamb. When we +got to the guardroom the sergeant said it was a serious job, and he must +send her to prison. I was told off again to take her there. I put her +between two dragoons, as a corporal does on such occasions. We started +off for the town. The gipsy had begun by holding her tongue. But when we +got to the _Calle de la Serpiente_--you know it, and that it earns its +name by its many windings--she began by dropping her mantilla on to her +shoulders, so as to show me her coaxing little face, and turning round +to me as well as she could, she said: + +"'_Oficial mio_, where are you taking me to?' + +"'To prison, my poor child,' I replied, as gently as I could, just as +any kind-hearted soldier is bound to speak to a prisoner, and especially +to a woman. + +"'Alack! What will become of me! Senor Oficial, have pity on me! You are +so young, so good-looking.' Then, in a lower tone, she said, 'Let me get +away, and I'll give you a bit of the _bar lachi_, that will make every +woman fall in love with you!' + +"The _bar lachi_, sir, is the loadstone, with which the gipsies declare +one who knows how to use it can cast any number of spells. If you can +make a woman drink a little scrap of it, powdered, in a glass of white +wine, she'll never be able to resist you. I answered, as gravely as I +could: + +"'We are not here to talk nonsense. You'll have to go to prison. Those +are my orders, and there's no help for it!' + +"We men from the Basque country have an accent which all Spaniards +easily recognise; on the other hand, not one of them can ever learn to +say _Bai, jaona_!* + + * Yes, sir. + +"So Carmen easily guessed I was from the Provinces. You know, sir, that +the gipsies, who belong to no particular country, and are always moving +about, speak every language, and most of them are quite at home in +Portugal, in France, in our Provinces, in Catalonia, or anywhere else. +They can even make themselves understood by Moors and English people. +Carmen knew Basque tolerably well. + +"'_Laguna ene bihotsarena_, comrade of my heart,' said she suddenly. 'Do +you belong to our country?' + +"Our language is so beautiful, sir, that when we hear it in a foreign +country it makes us quiver. I wish," added the bandit in a lower tone, +"I could have a confessor from my own country." + +After a silence, he began again. + +"'I belong to Elizondo,' I answered in Basque, very much affected by the +sound of my own language. + +"'I come from Etchalar,' said she (that's a district about four hours' +journey from my home). 'I was carried off to Seville by the gipsies. +I was working in the factory to earn enough money to take me back to +Navarre, to my poor old mother, who has no support in the world but me, +besides her little _barratcea_* with twenty cider-apple trees in it. +Ah! if I were only back in my own country, looking up at the white +mountains! I have been insulted here, because I don't belong to this +land of rogues and sellers of rotten oranges; and those hussies are +all banded together against me, because I told them that not all their +Seville _jacques_,** and all their knives, would frighten an honest lad +from our country, with his blue cap and his _maquila_! Good comrade, +won't you do anything to help your own countrywoman?' + + * Field, garden. + + ** Bravos, boasters. + +"She was lying then, sir, as she has always lied. I don't know that that +girl ever spoke a word of truth in her life, but when she did speak, I +believed her--I couldn't help myself. She mangled her Basque words, and +I believed she came from Navarre. But her eyes and her mouth and her +skin were enough to prove she was a gipsy. I was mad, I paid no more +attention to anything, I thought to myself that if the Spaniards had +dared to speak evil of my country, I would have slashed their faces just +as she had slashed her comrade's. In short, I was like a drunken man, I +was beginning to say foolish things, and I was very near doing them. + +"'If I were to give you a push and you tumbled down, good +fellow-countryman,' she began again in Basque, 'those two Castilian +recruits wouldn't be able to keep me back.' + +"Faith, I forgot my orders, I forgot everything, and I said to her, +'Well, then, my friend, girl of my country, try it, and may our Lady of +the Mountain help you through.' + +"Just at that moment we were passing one of the many narrow lanes one +sees in Seville. All at once Carmen turned and struck me in the chest +with her fist. I tumbled backward, purposely. With a bound she sprang +over me, and ran off, showing us a pair of legs! People talk about a +pair of Basque legs! but hers were far better--as fleet as they were +well-turned. As for me, I picked myself up at once, but I stuck out my +lance* crossways and barred the street, so that my comrades were checked +at the very first moment of pursuit. Then I started to run myself, and +they after me--but how were we to catch her? There was no fear of that, +what with our spurs, our swords, and our lances. + + * All Spanish cavalry soldiers carry lances. + +"In less time than I have taken to tell you the story the prisoner +had disappeared. And besides, every gossip in the quarter covered her +flight, poked scorn at us, and pointed us in the wrong direction. After +a good deal of marching and countermarching, we had to go back to the +guard-room without a receipt from the governor of the jail. + +"To avoid punishment, my men made known that Carmen had spoken to me in +Basque; and to tell the truth, it did not seem very natural that a blow +from such a little creature should have so easily overthrown a strong +fellow like me. The whole thing looked suspicious, or, at all events, +not over-clear. When I came off guard I lost my corporal's stripes, and +was condemned to a month's imprisonment. It was the first time I had +been punished since I had been in the service. Farewell, now, to the +sergeant's stripes, on which I had reckoned so surely! + +"The first days in prison were very dreary. When I enlisted I had +fancied I was sure to become an officer, at all events. Two of +my compatriots, Longa and Mina, are captains-general, after all. +Chapalangarra was a colonel, and I have played tennis a score of times +with his brother, who was just a needy fellow like myself. 'Now,' I kept +crying to myself, 'all the time you served without being punished +has been lost. Now you have a bad mark against your name, and to get +yourself back into the officers' good graces you'll have to work ten +times as hard as when you joined as a recruit.' And why have I got +myself punished? For the sake of a gipsy hussy, who made game of me, and +who at this moment is busy thieving in some corner of the town. Yet I +couldn't help thinking about her. Will you believe it, sir, those silk +stockings of hers with the holes in them, of which she had given me such +a full view as she took to her heels, were always before my eyes? I +used to look through the barred windows of the jail into the street, +and among all the women who passed I never could see one to compare with +that minx of a girl--and then, in spite of myself, I used to smell the +acacia blossom she had thrown at me, and which, dry as it was, still +kept its sweet scent. If there are such things as witches, that girl +certainly was one. + +"One day the jailer came in, and gave me an Alcala roll.* + + * _Alcala de los Panaderos_, a village two leagues from + Seville, where the most delicious rolls are made. They are + said to owe their quality to the water of the place, and + great quantities of them are brought to Seville every day. + +"'Look here,' said he, 'this is what your cousin has sent you.' + +"I took the loaf, very much astonished, for I had no cousin in Seville. +It may be a mistake, thought I, as I looked at the roll, but it was so +appetizing and smelt so good, that I made up my mind to eat it, without +troubling my head as to whence it came, or for whom it was really +intended. + +"When I tried to cut it, my knife struck on something hard. I looked, +and found a little English file, which had been slipped into the dough +before the roll had been baked. The roll also contained a gold piece of +two piastres. Then I had no further doubt--it was a present from Carmen. +To people of her blood, liberty is everything, and they would set a +town on fire to save themselves one day in prison. The girl was artful, +indeed, and armed with that roll, I might have snapped my fingers at the +jailers. In one hour, with that little file, I could have sawn through +the thickest bar, and with the gold coin I could have exchanged my +soldier's cloak for civilian garb at the nearest shop. You may fancy +that a man who has often taken the eaglets out of their nests in our +cliff would have found no difficulty in getting down to the street +out of a window less than thirty feet above it. But I didn't choose to +escape. I still had a soldier's code of honour, and desertion appeared +to me in the light of a heinous crime. Yet this proof of remembrance +touched me. When a man is in prison he likes to think he has a friend +outside who takes an interest in him. The gold coin did rather offend +me; I should have very much liked to return it; but where was I to find +my creditor? That did not seem a very easy task. + +"After the ceremony of my degradation I had fancied my sufferings were +over, but I had another humiliation before me. That came when I left +prison, and was told off for duty, and put on sentry, as a private +soldier. You can not conceive what a proud man endures at such a moment. +I believe I would have just as soon been shot dead--then I should have +marched alone at the head of my platoon, at all events; I should have +felt I was somebody, with the eyes of others fixed upon me. + +"I was posted as sentry on the door of the colonel's house. The colonel +was a young man, rich, good-natured, fond of amusing himself. All +the young officers were there, and many civilians as well, besides +ladies--actresses, as it was said. For my part, it seemed to me as if +the whole town had agreed to meet at that door, in order to stare at me. +Then up drove the colonel's carriage, with his valet on the box. And who +should I see get out of it, but the gipsy girl! She was dressed up, this +time, to the eyes, togged out in golden ribbons--a spangled gown, blue +shoes, all spangled too, flowers and gold lace all over her. In her hand +she carried a tambourine. With her there were two other gipsy women, one +young and one old. They always have one old woman who goes with them, +and then an old man with a guitar, a gipsy too, to play alone, and also +for their dances. You must know these gipsy girls are often sent for to +private houses, to dance their special dance, the _Romalis_, and often, +too, for quite other purposes. + +"Carmen recognised me, and we exchanged glances. I don't know why, but +at that moment I should have liked to have been a hundred feet beneath +the ground. + +"'_Agur laguna_,'* said she. 'Oficial mio! You keep guard like a +recruit,' and before I could find a word in answer, she was inside the +house. + + * Good-day, comrade! + +"The whole party was assembled in the _patio_, and in spite of the crowd +I could see nearly everything that went on through the lattice.* I +could hear the castanets and the tambourine, the laughter and applause. +Sometimes I caught a glimpse of her head as she bounded upward with her +tambourine. Then I could hear the officers saying many things to her +which brought the blood to my face. As to her answers, I knew nothing +of them. It was on that day, I think, that I began to love her in +earnest--for three or four times I was tempted to rush into the _patio_, +and drive my sword into the bodies of all the coxcombs who were making +love to her. My torture lasted a full hour; then the gipsies came out, +and the carriage took them away. As she passed me by, Carmen looked at +me with those eyes you know, and said to me very low, 'Comrade, people +who are fond of good _fritata_ come to eat it at Lillas Pastia's at +Triana!' + + * In most of the houses in Seville there is an inner court + surrounded by an arched portico. This is used as a sitting- + room in summer. Over the court is stretched a piece of tent + cloth, which is watered during the day and removed at night. + The street door is almost always left open, and the passage + leading to the court (_zaguan_) is closed by an iron lattice + of very elegant workmanship. + +"Then, light as a kid, she stepped into the carriage, the coachman +whipped up his mules, and the whole merry party departed, whither I know +not. + +"You may fancy that the moment I was off guard I went to Triana; but +first of all I got myself shaved and brushed myself up as if I had been +going on parade. She was living with Lillas Pastia, an old fried-fish +seller, a gipsy, as black as a Moor, to whose house a great many +civilians resorted to eat _fritata_, especially, I think, because Carmen +had taken up her quarters there. + +"'Lillas,' she said, as soon as she saw me. 'I'm not going to work any +more to-day. To-morrow will be a day, too.* Come, fellow-countryman, let +us go for a walk!' + + * _Manana sera otro dia._--A Spanish proverb. + +"She pulled her mantilla across her nose, and there we were in the +street, without my knowing in the least whither I was bound. + +"'Senorita,' said I, 'I think I have to thank you for a present I +had while I was in prison. I've eaten the bread; the file will do for +sharpening my lance, and I keep it in remembrance of you. But as for the +money, here it is.' + +"'Why, he's kept the money!' she exclaimed, bursting out laughing. +'But, after all, that's all the better--for I'm decidedly hard up! What +matter! The dog that runs never starves!* Come, let's spend it all! You +shall treat.' + + * _Chuquel sos pirela, cocal terela_. "The dog that runs + finds a bone."--Gipsy proverb. + +"We had turned back toward Seville. At the entrance of the _Calle de +la Serpiente_ she bought a dozen oranges, which she made me put into my +handkerchief. A little farther on she bought a roll, a sausage, and +a bottle of manzanilla. Then, last of all, she turned into a +confectioner's shop. There she threw the gold coin I had returned to +her on the counter, with another she had in her pocket, and some small +silver, and then she asked me for all the money I had. All I possessed +was one peseta and a few cuartos, which I handed over to her, very much +ashamed of not having more. I thought she would have carried away the +whole shop. She took everything that was best and dearest, _yemas_,* +_turon_,** preserved fruits--as long as the money lasted. And all these, +too, I had to carry in paper bags. Perhaps you know the _Calle del +Candilejo_, where there is a head of Don Pedro the Avenger.*** That head +ought to have given me pause. We stopped at an old house in that street. +She passed into the entry, and knocked at a door on the ground floor. +It was opened by a gipsy, a thorough-paced servant of the devil. Carmen +said a few words to her in Romany. At first the old hag grumbled. To +smooth her down Carmen gave her a couple of oranges and a handful of +sugar-plums, and let her have a taste of wine. Then she hung her cloak +on her back, and led her to the door, which she fastened with a wooden +bar. As soon as we were alone she began to laugh and caper like a +lunatic, singing out, 'You are my _rom_, I'm your _romi_.'**** + + * Sugared yolks of eggs. + + ** A sort of nougat. + + *** This king, Don Pedro, whom we call "the Cruel," and whom + Queen Isabella, the Catholic, never called anything but "the + Avenger," was fond of walking about the streets of Seville + at night in search of adventures, like the Caliph Haroun al + Raschid. One night, in a lonely street, he quarrelled with a + man who was singing a serenade. There was a fight, and the + king killed the amorous _caballero_. At the clashing of + their swords, an old woman put her head out of the window + and lighted up the scene with a tiny lamp (candilejo) which + she held in her hand. My readers must be informed that King + Don Pedro, though nimble and muscular, suffered from one + strange fault in his physical conformation. Whenever he + walked his knees cracked loudly. By this cracking the old + woman easily recognised him. The next day the _veintiquatro_ + in charge came to make his report to the king. "Sir, a duel + was fought last night in such a street--one of the + combatants is dead." "Have you found the murderer?" "Yes, + sir." "Why has he not been punished already?" "Sir, I await + your orders!" "Carry out the law." Now the king had just + published a decree that every duellist was to have his head + cut off, and that head was to be set up on the scene of the + fight. The _veintiquatro_ got out of the difficulty like a + clever man. He had the head sawed off a statue of the king, + and set that up in a niche in the middle of the street in + which the murder had taken place. The king and all the + Sevillians thought this a very good joke. The street took + its name from the lamp held by the old woman, the only + witness of the incident. The above is the popular tradition. + Zuniga tells the story somewhat differently. However that + may be, a street called _Calle del Candilejo_ still exists + in Seville, and in that street there is a bust which is said + to be a portrait of Don Pedro. This bust, unfortunately, is + a modern production. During the seventeenth century the old + one had become very much defaced, and the municipality had + it replaced by that now to be seen. + + **** _Rom_, husband. _Romi_, wife. + +"There I stood in the middle of the room, laden with all her purchases, +and not knowing where I was to put them down. She tumbled them all onto +the floor, and threw her arms round my neck, saying: + +"'I pay my debts, I pay my debts! That's the law of the _Cales_.'* + + * _Calo_, feminine _calli_, plural _cales_. Literally + "black," the name the gipsies apply to themselves in their + own language. + +"Ah, sir, that day! that day! When I think of it I forget what to-morrow +must bring me!" + +For a moment the bandit held his peace, then, when he had relighted his +cigar, he began afresh. + +"We spent the whole day together, eating, drinking, and so forth. When +she had stuffed herself with sugar-plums, like any child of six years +old, she thrust them by handfuls into the old woman's water-jar. +'That'll make sherbet for her,' she said. She smashed the _yemas_ by +throwing them against the walls. 'They'll keep the flies from bothering +us.' There was no prank or wild frolic she didn't indulge in. I told her +I should have liked to see her dance, only there were no castanets to +be had. Instantly she seized the old woman's only earthenware plate, +smashed it up, and there she was dancing the _Romalis_, and making the +bits of broken crockery rattle as well as if they had been ebony and +ivory castanets. That girl was good company, I can tell you! Evening +fell, and I heard the drums beating tattoo. + +"'I must get back to quarters for roll-call,' I said. + +"'To quarters!' she answered, with a look of scorn. 'Are you a negro +slave, to let yourself be driven with a ramrod like that! You are as +silly as a canary bird. Your dress suits your nature.* Pshaw! you've no +more heart than a chicken.' + +* Spanish dragoons wear a yellow uniform. + +"I stayed on, making up my mind to the inevitable guard-room. The next +morning the first suggestion of parting came from her. + +"'Hark ye, Joseito,' she said. 'Have I paid you? By our law, I owed you +nothing, because you're a _payllo_. But you're a good-looking fellow, +and I took a fancy to you. Now we're quits. Good-day!' + +"I asked her when I should see her again. + +"'When you're less of a simpleton,' she retorted, with a laugh. Then, in +a more serious tone, 'Do you know, my son, I really believe I love you a +little; but that can't last! The dog and the wolf can't agree for long. +Perhaps if you turned gipsy, I might care to be your _romi_. But that's +all nonsense, such things aren't possible. Pshaw! my boy. Believe me, +you're well out of it. You've come across the devil--he isn't always +black--and you've not had your neck wrung. I wear a woollen suit, but +I'm no sheep.* Go and burn a candle to your _majari_,** she deserves +it well. Come, good-by once more. Don't think any more about _La +Carmencita_, or she'll end by making you marry a widow with wooden +legs.'*** + + * _Me dicas vriarda de jorpoy, bus ne sino braco_.--A gipsy + proverb. + + ** The Saint, the Holy Virgin. + + *** The gallows, which is the widow of the last man hanged + upon it. + +"As she spoke, she drew back the bar that closed the door, and once we +were out in the street she wrapped her mantilla about her, and turned on +her heel. + +"She spoke the truth. I should have done far better never to think of +her again. But after that day in the _Calle del Candilejo_ I couldn't +think of anything else. All day long I used to walk about, hoping I +might meet her. I sought news of her from the old hag, and from the +fried-fish seller. They both told me she had gone away to _Laloro_, +which is their name for Portugal. They probably said it by Carmen's +orders, but I soon found out they were lying. Some weeks after my day +in the _Calle del Candilejo_ I was on duty at one of the town gates. A +little way from the gate there was a breach in the wall. The masons were +working at it in the daytime, and at night a sentinel was posted on it, +to prevent smugglers from getting in. All through one day I saw Lillas +Pastia going backward and forward near the guard-room, and talking to +some of my comrades. They all knew him well, and his fried-fish and +fritters even better. He came up to me, and asked if I had any news of +Carmen. + +"'No,' said I. + +"'Well,' said he, 'you'll soon hear of her, old fellow.' + +"He was not mistaken. That night I was posted to guard the breach in +the wall. As soon as the sergeant had disappeared I saw a woman coming +toward me. My heart told me it was Carmen. Still I shouted: + +"'Keep off! Nobody can pass here!' + +"'Now, don't be spiteful,' she said, making herself known to me. + +"'What! you here, Carmen?' + +"'Yes, _mi payllo_. Let us say few words, but wise ones. Would you +like to earn a douro? Some people will be coming with bundles. Let them +alone.' + +"'No,' said I, 'I must not allow them through. These are my orders.' + +"'Orders! orders! You didn't think about orders in the _Calle del +Candilejo_!' + +"'Ah!' I cried, quite maddened by the very thought of that night. 'It +was well worth while to forget my orders for that! But I won't have any +smuggler's money!' + +"'Well, if you won't have money, shall we go and dine together at old +Dorotea's?' + +"'No,' said I, half choked by the effort it cost me. 'No, I can't.' + +"'Very good! If you make so many difficulties, I know to whom I can +go. I'll ask your officer if he'll come with me to Dorotea's. He looks +good-natured, and he'll post a sentry who'll only see what he had better +see. Good-bye, canary-bird! I shall have a good laugh the day the order +comes out to hang you!' + +"I was weak enough to call her back, and I promised to let the whole +of gipsydom pass in, if that were necessary, so that I secured the +only reward I longed for. She instantly swore she would keep her word +faithfully the very next day, and ran off to summon her friends, who +were close by. There were five of them, of whom Pastia was one, all well +loaded with English goods. Carmen kept watch for them. She was to warn +them with her castanets the instant she caught sight of the patrol. But +there was no necessity for that. The smugglers finished their job in a +moment. + +"The next day I went to the _Calle del Candilejo_. Carmen kept me +waiting, and when she came, she was in rather a bad temper. + +"'I don't like people who have to be pressed,' she said. 'You did me a +much greater service the first time, without knowing you'd gain anything +by it. Yesterday you bargained with me. I don't know why I've come, for +I don't care for you any more. Here, be off with you. Here's a douro for +your trouble.' + +"I very nearly threw the coin at her head, and I had to make a violent +effort to prevent myself from actually beating her. After we had +wrangled for an hour I went off in a fury. For some time I wandered +about the town, walking hither and thither like a madman. At last I went +into a church, and getting into the darkest corner I could find, I cried +hot tears. All at once I heard a voice. + +"'A dragoon in tears. I'll make a philter of them!' + +"I looked up. There was Carmen in front of me. + +"'Well, _mi payllo_, are you still angry with me?' she said. 'I must +care for you in spite of myself, for since you left me I don't know what +has been the matter with me. Look you, it is I who ask you to come to +the _Calle del Candilejo_, now!' + +"So we made it up: but Carmen's temper was like the weather in our +country. The storm is never so close, in our mountains, as when the sun +is at its brightest. She had promised to meet me again at Dorotea's, but +she didn't come. + +"And Dorotea began telling me again that she had gone off to Portugal +about some gipsy business. + +"As experience had already taught me how much of that I was to believe, +I went about looking for Carmen wherever I thought she might be, and +twenty times in every day I walked through the _Calle del Candilejo_. +One evening I was with Dorotea, whom I had almost tamed by giving her +a glass of anisette now and then, when Carmen walked in, followed by a +young man, a lieutenant in our regiment. + +"'Get away at once,' she said to me in Basque. I stood there, +dumfounded, my heart full of rage. + +"'What are you doing here?' said the lieutenant to me. 'Take yourself +off--get out of this.' + +"I couldn't move a step. I felt paralyzed. The officer grew angry, and +seeing I did not go out, and had not even taken off my forage cap, he +caught me by the collar and shook me roughly. I don't know what I said +to him. He drew his sword, and I unsheathed mine. The old woman caught +hold of my arm, and the lieutenant gave me a wound on the forehead, of +which I still bear the scar. I made a step backward, and with one jerk +of my elbow I threw old Dorotea down. Then, as the lieutenant still +pressed me, I turned the point of my sword against his body and he +ran upon it. Then Carmen put out the lamp and told Dorotea, in her own +language, to take to flight. I fled into the street myself, and began +running along, I knew not whither. It seemed to me that some one was +following me. When I came to myself I discovered that Carmen had never +left me. + +"'Great stupid of a canary-bird!' she said, 'you never make anything but +blunders. And, indeed, you know I told you I should bring you bad luck. +But come, there's a cure for everything when you have a Fleming from +Rome* for your love. Begin by rolling this handkerchief round your head, +and throw me over that belt of yours. Wait for me in this alley--I'll be +back in two minutes. + + * _Flamenco de Roma_, a slang term for the gipsies. Roma + does not stand for the Eternal City, but for the nation of + the _romi_, or the married folk--a name applied by the + gipsies to themselves. The first gipsies seen in Spain + probably came from the Low Countries, hence their name of + _Flemings_. + +"She disappeared, and soon came back bringing me a striped cloak which +she had gone to fetch, I knew not whence. She made me take off my +uniform, and put on the cloak over my shirt. Thus dressed, and with the +wound on my head bound round with the handkerchief, I was tolerably like +a Valencian peasant, many of whom come to Seville to sell a drink they +make out of '_chufas_.'* Then she took me to a house very much like +Dorotea's, at the bottom of a little lane. Here she and another gipsy +woman washed and dressed my wounds, better than any army surgeon could +have done, gave me something, I know not what, to drink, and finally +made me lie down on a mattress, on which I went to sleep. + + * A bulbous root, out of which rather a pleasant beverage is + manufactured. + +"Probably the woman had mixed one of the soporific drugs of which they +know the secret in my drink, for I did not wake up till very late the +next day. I was rather feverish, and had a violent headache. It was some +time before the memory of the terrible scene in which I had taken part +on the previous night came back to me. After having dressed my wound, +Carmen and her friend, squatting on their heels beside my mattress, +exchanged a few words of '_chipe calli_,' which appeared to me to be +something in the nature of a medical consultation. Then they both of +them assured me that I should soon be cured, but that I must get out +of Seville at the earliest possible moment, for that, if I was caught +there, I should most undoubtedly be shot. + +"'My boy,' said Carmen to me, 'you'll have to do something. Now that +the king won't give you either rice or haddock* you'll have to think of +earning your livelihood. You're too stupid for stealing _a pastesas_.** +But you are brave and active. If you have the pluck, take yourself off +to the coast and turn smuggler. Haven't I promised to get you hanged? +That's better than being shot, and besides, if you set about it +properly, you'll live like a prince as long as the _minons_*** and the +coast-guard don't lay their hands on your collar.' + + * The ordinary food of a Spanish soldier. + + ** _Ustilar a pastesas_, to steal cleverly, to purloin + without violence. + + *** A sort of volunteer corps. + +"In this attractive guise did this fiend of a girl describe the new +career she was suggesting to me,--the only one, indeed, remaining, now +I had incurred the penalty of death. Shall I confess it, sir? She +persuaded me without much difficulty. This wild and dangerous life, it +seemed to me, would bind her and me more closely together. In future, I +thought, I should be able to make sure of her love. + +"I had often heard talk of certain smugglers who travelled about +Andalusia, each riding a good horse, with his mistress behind him and +his blunderbuss in his fist. Already I saw myself trotting up and down +the world, with a pretty gipsy behind me. When I mentioned that notion +to her, she laughed till she had to hold her sides, and vowed there was +nothing in the world so delightful as a night spent camping in the open +air, when each _rom_ retired with his _romi_ beneath their little tent, +made of three hoops with a blanket thrown across them. + +"'If I take to the mountains,' said I to her, 'I shall be sure of you. +There'll be no lieutenant there to go shares with me.' + +"'Ha! ha! you're jealous!' she retorted, 'so much the worse for you. How +can you be such a fool as that? Don't you see I must love you, because I +have never asked you for money?' + +"When she said that sort to thing I could have strangled her. + +"To shorten the story, sir, Carmen procured me civilian clothes, +disguised in which I got out of Seville without being recognised. I went +to Jerez, with a letter from Pastia to a dealer in anisette whose house +was the smugglers' meeting-place. I was introduced to them, and their +leader, surnamed _El Dancaire_, enrolled me in his gang. We started for +Gaucin, where I found Carmen, who had told me she would meet me there. +In all these expeditions she acted as spy for our gang, and she was the +best that ever was seen. She had now just returned from Gibraltar, and +had already arranged with the captain of a ship for a cargo of English +goods which we were to receive on the coast. We went to meet it near +Estepona. We hid part in the mountains, and laden with the rest, we +proceeded to Ronda. Carmen had gone there before us. It was she again +who warned us when we had better enter the town. This first journey, and +several subsequent ones, turned out well. I found the smuggler's life +pleasanter than a soldier's: I could give presents to Carmen, I had +money, and I had a mistress. I felt little or no remorse, for, as the +gipsies say, 'The happy man never longs to scratch his itch.' We were +made welcome everywhere, my comrades treated me well, and even showed me +a certain respect. The reason of this was that I had killed my man, +and that some of them had no exploit of that description on their +conscience. But what I valued most in my new life was that I often saw +Carmen. She showed me more affection than ever; nevertheless, she would +never admit, before my comrades, that she was my mistress, and she had +even made me swear all sorts of oaths that I would not say anything +about her to them. I was so weak in that creature's hands, that I obeyed +all her whims. And besides, this was the first time she had revealed +herself as possessing any of the reserve of a well-conducted woman, +and I was simple enough to believe she had really cast off her former +habits. + +"Our gang, which consisted of eight or ten men, was hardly ever together +except at decisive moments, and we were usually scattered by twos and +threes about the towns and villages. Each one of us pretended to have +some trade. One was a tinker, another was a groom; I was supposed to +peddle haberdashery, but I hardly ever showed myself in large places, on +account of my unlucky business at Seville. One day, or rather one night, +we were to meet below Veger. _El Dancaire_ and I got there before the +others. + +"'We shall soon have a new comrade,' said he. 'Carmen has just managed +one of her best tricks. She has contrived the escape of her _rom_, who +was in the _presidio_ at Tarifa.' + +"I was already beginning to understand the gipsy language, which nearly +all my comrades spoke, and this word _rom_ startled me. + +"What! her husband? Is she married, then?' said I to the captain. + +"'Yes!' he replied, 'married to Garcia _el Tuerto_*--as cunning a gipsy +as she is herself. The poor fellow has been at the galleys. Carmen has +wheedled the surgeon of the _presidio_ to such good purpose that she +has managed to get her _rom_ out of prison. Faith! that girl's worth +her weight in gold. For two years she has been trying to contrive his +escape, but she could do nothing until the authorities took it into +their heads to change the surgeon. She soon managed to come to an +understanding with this new one.' + + * One-eyed man. + +"You may imagine how pleasant this news was for me. I soon saw Garcia +_el Tuerto_. He was the very ugliest brute that was ever nursed +in gipsydom. His skin was black, his soul was blacker, and he was +altogether the most thorough-paced ruffian I ever came across in my +life. Carmen arrived with him, and when she called him her _rom_ in my +presence, you should have seen the eyes she made at me, and the faces +she pulled whenever Garcia turned his head away. + +"I was disgusted, and never spoke a word to her all night. The next +morning we had made up our packs, and had already started, when we +became aware that we had a dozen horsemen on our heels. The braggart +Andalusians, who had been boasting they would murder every one who came +near them, cut a pitiful figure at once. There was a general rout. _El +Dancaire_, Garcia, a good-looking fellow from Ecija, who was called _El +Remendado_, and Carmen herself, kept their wits about them. The rest +forsook the mules and took to the gorges, where the horses could not +follow them. There was no hope of saving the mules, so we hastily +unstrapped the best part of our booty, and taking it on our shoulders, +we tried to escape through the rocks down the steepest of the slopes. We +threw our packs down in front of us and followed them as best we could, +slipping along on our heels. Meanwhile the enemy fired at us. It was +the first time I had ever heard bullets whistling around me and I +didn't mind it very much. When there's a woman looking on, there's no +particular merit in snapping one's fingers at death. We all escaped +except the poor _Remendado_, who received a bullet wound in the loins. I +threw away my pack and tried to lift him up. + +"'Idiot!' shouted Garcia, 'what do we want with offal! Finish him off, +and don't lose the cotton stockings!' + +"'Drop him!' cried Carmen. + +"I was so exhausted that I was obliged to lay him down for a moment +under a rock. Garcia came up, and fired his blunderbuss full into his +face. 'He'd be a clever fellow who recognised him now!' said he, as he +looked at the face, cut to pieces by a dozen slugs. + +"There, sir; that's the delightful sort of life I've led! That night +we found ourselves in a thicket, worn out with fatigue, with nothing to +eat, and ruined by the loss of our mules. What do you think that devil +Garcia did? He pulled a pack of cards out of his pocket and began +playing games with _El Dancaire_ by the light of a fire they kindled. +Meanwhile I was lying down, staring at the stars, thinking of _El +Remendado_, and telling myself I would just as lief be in his place. +Carmen was squatting down near me, and every now and then she would +rattle her castanets and hum a tune. Then, drawing close to me, as if +she would have whispered in my ear, she kissed me two or three times +over almost against my will. + +"'You are a devil,' said I to her. + +"'Yes,' she replied. + +"After a few hours' rest, she departed to Gaucin, and the next morning a +little goatherd brought us some food. We stayed there all that day, and +in the evening we moved close to Gaucin. We were expecting news from +Carmen, but none came. After daylight broke we saw a muleteer attending +a well-dressed woman with a parasol, and a little girl who seemed to +be her servant. Said Garcia, 'There go two mules and two women whom St. +Nicholas has sent us. I would rather have had four mules, but no matter. +I'll do the best I can with these.' + +"He took his blunderbuss, and went down the pathway, hiding himself +among the brushwood. + +"We followed him, _El Dancaire_ and I keeping a little way behind. As +soon as the woman saw us, instead of being frightened--and our dress +would have been enough to frighten any one--she burst into a fit of loud +laughter. 'Ah! the _lillipendi_! They take me for an _erani_!'* + + * "The idiots, they take me for a smart lady!" + +"It was Carmen, but so well disguised that if she had spoken any other +language I should never have recognised her. She sprang off her mule, +and talked some time in an undertone with _El Dancaire_ and Garcia. Then +she said to me: + +"'Canary-bird, we shall meet again before you're hanged. I'm off to +Gibraltar on gipsy business--you'll soon have news of me.' + +"We parted, after she had told us of a place where we should find +shelter for some days. That girl was the providence of our gang. We soon +received some money sent by her, and a piece of news which was still +more useful to us--to the effect that on a certain day two English lords +would travel from Gibraltar to Granada by a road she mentioned. This was +a word to the wise. They had plenty of good guineas. Garcia would have +killed them, but _El Dancaire_ and I objected. All we took from them, +besides their shirts, which we greatly needed, was their money and their +watches. + +"Sir, a man may turn rogue in sheer thoughtlessness. You lose your +head over a pretty girl, you fight another man about her, there is a +catastrophe, you have to take to the mountains, and you turn from a +smuggler into a robber before you have time to think about it. After +this matter of the English lords, we concluded that the neighbourhood of +Gibraltar would not be healthy for us, and we plunged into the _Sierra +de Ronda_. You once mentioned Jose-Maria to me. Well, it was there I +made acquaintance with him. He always took his mistress with him on his +expeditions. She was a pretty girl, quiet, modest, well-mannered, you +never heard a vulgar word from her, and she was quite devoted to him. +He, on his side, led her a very unhappy life. He was always running +after other women, he ill-treated her, and then sometimes he would take +it into his head to be jealous. One day he slashed her with a knife. +Well, she only doted on him the more! That's the way with women, and +especially with Andalusians. This girl was proud of the scar on her arm, +and would display it as though it were the most beautiful thing in the +world. And then Jose-Maria was the worst of comrades in the bargain. +In one expedition we made with him, he managed so that he kept all the +profits, and we had all the trouble and the blows. But I must go back to +my story. We had no sign at all from Carmen. _El Dancaire_ said: 'One +of us will have to go to Gibraltar to get news of her. She must have +planned some business. I'd go at once, only I'm too well known at +Gibraltar.' _El Tuerto_ said: + +"'I'm well known there too. I've played so many tricks on the +crayfish*--and as I've only one eye, it is not overeasy for me to +disguise myself.' + + * Name applied by the Spanish populace to the British + soldiers, on account of the colour of their uniform. + +"'Then I suppose I must go,' said I, delighted at the very idea of +seeing Carmen again. 'Well, how am I to set about it?' + +"The others answered: + +"'You must either go by sea, or you must get through by San Rocco, +whichever you like the best; once you are in Gibraltar, inquire in the +port where a chocolate-seller called _La Rollona_ lives. When you've +found her, she'll tell you everything that's happening.' + +"It was settled that we were all to start for the Sierra, that I was +to leave my two companions there, and take my way to Gibraltar, in +the character of a fruit-seller. At Ronda one of our men procured me +a passport; at Gaucin I was provided with a donkey. I loaded it with +oranges and melons, and started forth. When I reached Gibraltar I found +that many people knew _La Rollona_, but that she was either dead or had +gone _ad finibus terroe_,* and, to my mind, her disappearance explained +the failure of our correspondence with Carmen. I stabled my donkey, +and began to move about the town, carrying my oranges as though to sell +them, but in reality looking to see whether I could not come across any +face I knew. The place is full of ragamuffins from every country in the +world, and it really is like the Tower of Babel, for you can't go ten +paces along a street without hearing as many languages. I did see some +gipsies, but I hardly dared confide in them. I was taking stock of them, +and they were taking stock of me. We had mutually guessed each other +to be rogues, but the important thing for us was to know whether we +belonged to the same gang. After having spent two days in fruitless +wanderings, and having found out nothing either as to _La Rollona_ or +as to Carmen, I was thinking I would go back to my comrades as soon as I +had made a few purchases, when, toward sunset, as I was walking along a +street, I heard a woman's voice from a window say, 'Orange-seller!' + + * To the galleys, or else to all the devils in hell. + +"I looked up, and on a balcony I saw Carmen looking out, beside a +scarlet-coated officer with gold epaulettes, curly hair, and all +the appearance of a rich _milord_. As for her, she was magnificently +dressed, a shawl hung on her shoulders, she'd a gold comb in her hair, +everything she wore was of silk; and the cunning little wretch, not a +bit altered, was laughing till she held her sides. + +"The Englishman shouted to me in mangled Spanish to come upstairs, as +the lady wanted some oranges, and Carmen said to me in Basque: + +"'Come up, and don't look astonished at anything!' + +"Indeed, nothing that she did ought ever to have astonished me. I don't +know whether I was most happy or wretched at seeing her again. At the +door of the house there was a tall English servant with a powdered head, +who ushered me into a splendid drawing-room. Instantly Carmen said to me +in Basque, 'You don't know one word of Spanish, and you don't know me.' +Then turning to the Englishman, she added: + +"'I told you so. I saw at once he was a Basque. Now you'll hear what a +queer language he speaks. Doesn't he look silly? He's like a cat that's +been caught in the larder!' + +"'And you,' said I to her in my own language, 'you look like an impudent +jade--and I've a good mind to scar your face here and now, before your +spark.' + +"'My spark!' said she. 'Why, you've guessed that all alone! Are you +jealous of this idiot? You're even sillier than you were before our +evening in the _Calle del Candilejo_! Don't you see, fool, that at this +moment I'm doing gipsy business, and doing it in the most brilliant +manner? This house belongs to me--the guineas of that crayfish will +belong to me! I lead him by the nose, and I'll lead him to a place that +he'll never get out of!' + +"'And if I catch you doing any gipsy business in this style again, I'll +see to it that you never do any again!' said I. + +"'Ah! upon my word! Are you my _rom_, pray that you give me orders? If +_El Tuerto_ is pleased, what have you to do with it? Oughtn't you to +be very happy that you are the only man who can call himself my +_minchorro_?'* + + * My "lover," or rather my "fancy." + +"'What does he say?' inquired the Englishman. + +"'He says he's thirsty, and would like a drink,' answered Carmen, and +she threw herself back upon a sofa, screaming with laughter at her own +translation. + +"When that girl begins to laugh, sir, it was hopeless for anybody to try +and talk sense. Everybody laughed with her. The big Englishman began to +laugh too, like the idiot he was, and ordered the servant to bring me +something to drink. + +"While I was drinking she said to me: + +"'Do you see that ring he has on his finger? If you like I'll give it to +you.' + +"And I answered: + +"'I would give one of my fingers to have your _milord_ out on the +mountains, and each of us with a _maquila_ in his fist.' + +"'_Maquila_, what does that mean?' asked the Englishman. + +"'Maquila,' said Carmen, still laughing, 'means an orange. Isn't it a +queer word for an orange? He says he'd like you to eat _maquila_.' + +"'Does he?' said the Englishman. 'Very well, bring more _maquila_ +to-morrow.' + +"While we were talking a servant came in and said dinner was ready. +Then the Englishman stood up, gave me a piastre, and offered his arm +to Carmen, as if she couldn't have walked alone. Carmen, who was still +laughing, said to me: + +"'My boy, I can't ask you to dinner. But to-morrow, as soon as you hear +the drums beat for parade, come here with your oranges. You'll find a +better furnished room than the one in the _Calle del Candilejo_, and +you'll see whether I am still your _Carmencita_. Then afterwards we'll +talk about gipsy business.' + +"I gave her no answer--even when I was in the street I could hear the +Englishman shouting, 'Bring more _maquila_ to-morrow,' and Carmen's +peals of laughter. + +"I went out, not knowing what I should do; I hardly slept, and next +morning I was so enraged with the treacherous creature that I made up +my mind to leave Gibraltar without seeing her again. But the moment +the drums began to roll, my courage failed me. I took up my net full of +oranges, and hurried off to Carmen's house. Her window-shutters had been +pulled apart a little, and I saw her great dark eyes watching for me. +The powdered servant showed me in at once. Carmen sent him out with a +message, and as soon as we were alone she burst into one of her fits of +crocodile laughter and threw her arms around my neck. Never had I seen +her look so beautiful. She was dressed out like a queen, and scented; +she had silken furniture, embroidered curtains--and I togged out like +the thief I was! + +"'_Minchorro_,' said Carmen, 'I've a good mind to smash up everything +here, set fire to the house, and take myself off to the mountains.' And +then she would fondle me, and then she would laugh, and she danced about +and tore up her fripperies. Never did monkey gambol nor make such faces, +nor play such wild tricks, as she did that day. When she had recovered +her gravity-- + +"'Hark!' she said, 'this is gipsy business. I mean him to take me to +Ronda, where I have a sister who is a nun' (here she shrieked with +laughter again). 'We shall pass by a particular spot which I shall make +known to you. Then you must fall upon him and strip him to the skin. +Your best plan would be to do for him, but,' she added, with a certain +fiendish smile of hers, which no one who saw it ever had any desire to +imitate, 'do you know what you had better do? Let _El Tuerto_ come up +in front of you. You keep a little behind. The crayfish is brave, and +skilful too, and he has good pistols. Do you understand?' + +"And she broke off with another fit of laughter that made me shiver. + +"'No,' said I, 'I hate Garcia, but he's my comrade. Some day, maybe, +I'll rid you of him, but we'll settle our account after the fashion of +my country. It's only chance that has made me a gipsy, and in certain +things I shall always be a thorough Navarrese,* as the proverb says. + + * _Navarro fino_. + +"'You're a fool,' she rejoined, 'a simpleton, a regular _payllo_. You're +just like the dwarf who thinks himself tall because he can spit a long +way.* You don't love me! Be off with you!' + + * _Or esorjle de or marsichisle, sin chisnar lachinguel_. + "The promise of a dwarf is that he will spit a long way."--A + gipsy proverb. + +"Whenever she said to me 'Be off with you," I couldn't go away. I +promised I would start back to my comrades and wait the arrival of the +Englishman. She, on her side, promised she would be ill until she left +Gibraltar for Ronda. + +"I remained at Gibraltar two days longer. She had the boldness to +disguise herself and come and see me at the inn. I departed, I had a +plan of my own. I went back to our meeting-place with the information as +to the spot and the hour at which the Englishman and Carmen were to pass +by. I found _El Dancaire_ and Garcia waiting for me. We spent the night +in a wood, beside a fire made of pine-cones that blazed splendidly. I +suggested to Garcia that we should play cards, and he agreed. In the +second game I told him he was cheating; he began to laugh; I threw the +cards in his face. He tried to get at his blunderbuss. I set my foot on +it, and said, 'They say you can use a knife as well as the best ruffian +in Malaga; will you try it with me?' _El Dancaire_ tried to part us. I +had given Garcia one or two cuffs, his rage had given him courage, he +drew his knife, and I drew mine. We both of us told _El Dancaire_ he +must leave us alone, and let us fight it out. He saw there was no means +of stopping us, so he stood on one side. Garcia was already bent double, +like a cat ready to spring upon a mouse. He held his hat in his +left hand to parry with, and his knife in front of him--that's their +Andalusian guard. I stood up in the Navarrese fashion, with my left arm +raised, my left leg forward, and my knife held straight along my right +thigh. I felt I was stronger than any giant. He flew at me like an +arrow. I turned round on my left foot, so that he found nothing in front +of him. But I thrust him in the throat, and the knife went in so far +that my hand was under his chin. I gave the blade such a twist that it +broke. That was the end. The blade was carried out of the wound by a +gush of blood as thick as my arm, and he fell full length on his face. + +"'What have you done?' said _El Dancaire_ to me. + +"'Hark ye,' said I, 'we couldn't live on together. I love Carmen and I +mean to be the only one. And besides, Garcia was a villain. I remember +what he did to that poor _Remendado_. There are only two of us left now, +but we are both good fellows. Come, will you have me for your friend, +for life or death?' + +"_El Dancaire_ stretched out his hand. He was a man of fifty. + +"'Devil take these love stories!' he cried. 'If you'd asked him for +Carmen he'd have sold her to you for a piastre! There are only two of us +now--how shall we manage for to-morrow?' + +"'I'll manage it all alone,' I answered. 'I can snap my fingers at the +whole world now.' + +"We buried Garcia, and we moved our camp two hundred paces farther on. +The next morning Carmen and her Englishman came along with two muleteers +and a servant. I said to _El Dancaire_: + +"'I'll look after the Englishman, you frighten the others--they're not +armed!' + +"The Englishman was a plucky fellow. He'd have killed me if Carmen +hadn't jogged his elbow. + +"To put it shortly, I won Carmen back that day, and my first words were +to tell her she was a widow. + +"When she knew how it had all happened-- + +"'You'll always be a _lillipendi_,' she said. 'Garcia ought to have +killed you. Your Navarrese guard is a pack of nonsense, and he has sent +far more skilful men than you into the darkness. It was just that his +time had come--and yours will come too.' + +"'Ay, and yours too!--if you're not a faithful _romi_ to me.' + +"'So be it,' said she. 'I've read in the coffee grounds, more than once, +that you and I were to end our lives together. Pshaw! what must be, will +be!' and she rattled her castanets, as was her way when she wanted to +drive away some worrying thought. + +"One runs on when one is talking about one's self. I dare say all these +details bore you, but I shall soon be at the end of my story. Our new +life lasted for some considerable time. _El Dancaire_ and I gathered a +few comrades about us, who were more trustworthy than our earlier ones, +and we turned our attention to smuggling. Occasionally, indeed, I must +confess we stopped travellers on the highways, but never unless we were +at the last extremity, and could not avoid doing so; and besides, we +never ill-treated the travellers, and confined ourselves to taking their +money from them. + +"For some months I was very well satisfied with Carmen. She still served +us in our smuggling operations, by giving us notice of any opportunity +of making a good haul. She remained either at Malaga, at Cordova, or at +Granada, but at a word from me she would leave everything, and come to +meet me at some _venta_ or even in our lonely camp. Only once--it was at +Malaga--she caused me some uneasiness. I heard she had fixed her fancy +upon a very rich merchant, with whom she probably proposed to play her +Gibraltar trick over again. In spite of everything _El Dancaire_ said to +stop me, I started off, walked into Malaga in broad daylight, sought for +Carmen and carried her off instantly. We had a sharp altercation. + +"'Do you know,' said she, 'now that you're my _rom_ for good and all, I +don't care for you so much as when you were my _minchorro_! I won't be +worried, and above all, I won't be ordered about. I choose to be free to +do as I like. Take care you don't drive me too far; if you tire me +out, I'll find some good fellow who'll serve you just as you served _El +Tuerto_.' + +"_El Dancaire_ patched it up between us; but we had said things to each +other that rankled in our hearts, and we were not as we had been before. +Shortly after that we had a misfortune: the soldiers caught us, _El +Dancaire_ and two of my comrades were killed; two others were taken. +I was sorely wounded, and, but for my good horse, I should have fallen +into the soldiers' hands. Half dead with fatigue, and with a bullet in +my body, I sought shelter in a wood, with my only remaining comrade. +When I got off my horse I fainted away, and I thought I was going to +die there in the brushwood, like a shot hare. My comrade carried me to a +cave he knew of, and then he sent to fetch Carmen. + +"She was at Granada, and she hurried to me at once. For a whole +fortnight she never left me for a single instant. She never closed her +eyes; she nursed me with a skill and care such as no woman ever showed +to the man she loved most tenderly. As soon as I could stand on my feet, +she conveyed me with the utmost secrecy to Granada. These gipsy women +find safe shelter everywhere, and I spent more than six weeks in a house +only two doors from that of the _Corregidor_ who was trying to arrest +me. More than once I saw him pass by, from behind the shutter. At last I +recovered, but I had thought a great deal, on my bed of pain, and I had +planned to change my way of life. I suggested to Carmen that we should +leave Spain, and seek an honest livelihood in the New World. She laughed +in my face. + +"'We were not born to plant cabbages,' she cried. 'Our fate is to live +_payllos_! Listen: I've arranged a business with Nathan Ben-Joseph at +Gibraltar. He has cotton stuffs that he can not get through till you +come to fetch them. He knows you're alive, and reckons upon you. What +would our Gibraltar correspondents say if you failed them?' + +"I let myself by persuaded, and took up my vile trade once more. + +"While I was hiding at Granada there were bull-fights there, to which +Carmen went. When she came back she talked a great deal about a skilful +_picador_ of the name of Lucas. She knew the name of his horse, and how +much his embroidered jacket had cost him. I paid no attention to this; +but a few days later, Juanito, the only one of my comrades who was left, +told me he had seen Carmen with Lucas in a shop in the Zacatin. Then +I began to feel alarmed. I asked Carmen how and why she had made the +_picador's_ acquaintance. + +"'He's a man out of whom we may be able to get something,' said she. +'A noisy stream has either water in it or pebbles. He has earned twelve +hundred reals at the bull-fights. It must be one of two things: we +must either have his money, or else, as he is a good rider and a plucky +fellow, we can enroll him in our gang. We have lost such an one an such +an one; you'll have to replace them. Take this man with you!' + +"'I want neither his money nor himself,' I replied, 'and I forbid you to +speak to him.' + +"'Beware!' she retorted. 'If any one defies me to do a thing, it's very +quickly done.' + +"Luckily the _picador_ departed to Malaga, and I set about passing in +the Jew's cotton stuffs. This expedition gave me a great deal to do, and +Carmen as well. I forgot Lucas, and perhaps she forgot him too--for the +moment, at all events. It was just about that time, sir, that I met you, +first at Montilla, and then afterward at Cordova. I won't talk about +that last interview. You know more about it, perhaps, than I do. Carmen +stole your watch from you, she wanted to have your money besides, and +especially that ring I see on your finger, and which she declared to be +a magic ring, the possession of which was very important to her. We had +a violent quarrel, and I struck her. She turned pale and began to cry. +It was the first time I had ever seen her cry, and it affected me in the +most painful manner. I begged her to forgive me, but she sulked with me +for a whole day, and when I started back to Montilla she wouldn't kiss +me. My heart was still very sore, when, three days later, she joined me +with a smiling face and as merry as a lark. Everything was forgotten, +and we were like a pair of honeymoon lovers. Just as we were parting she +said, 'There's a _fete_ at Cordova; I shall go and see it, and then I +shall know what people will be coming away with money, and I can warn +you.' + +"I let her go. When I was alone I thought about the _fete_, and about +the change in Carmen's temper. 'She must have avenged herself already,' +said I to myself, 'since she was the first to make our quarrel up.' A +peasant told me there was to be bull-fighting at Cordova. Then my blood +began to boil, and I went off like a madman straight to the bull-ring. I +had Lucas pointed out to me, and on the bench, just beside the barrier, +I recognised Carmen. One glance at her was enough to turn my suspicion +into certainty. When the first bull appeared Lucas began, as I had +expected to play the agreeable; he snatched the cockade off the bull and +presented it to Carmen, who put it in her hair at once.* + + * _La divisa_. A knot of ribbon, the colour of which + indicates the pasturage from which each bull comes. This + knot of ribbon is fastened into the bull's hide with a sort + of hook, and it is considered the very height of gallantry + to snatch it off the living beast and present it to a woman. + +"The bull avenged me. Lucas was knocked down, with his horse on his +chest, and the bull on top of both of them. I looked for Carmen, she had +disappeared from her place already. I couldn't get out of mine, and I +was obliged to wait until the bull-fight was over. Then I went off to +that house you already know, and waited there quietly all that evening +and part of the night. Toward two o'clock in the morning Carmen came +back, and was rather surprised to see me. + +"'Come with me,' said I. + +"'Very well,' said she, 'let's be off.' + +"I went and got my horse, and took her up behind me, and we travelled +all the rest of the night without saying a word to each other. When +daylight came we stopped at a lonely inn, not far from a hermitage. +There I said to Carmen: + +"'Listen--I forget everything, I won't mention anything to you. But +swear one thing to me--that you'll come with me to America, and live +there quietly!' + +"'No,' said she, in a sulky voice, 'I won't go to America--I am very +well here.' + +"'That's because you're near Lucas. But be very sure that even if +he gets well now, he won't make old bones. And, indeed, why should I +quarrel with him? I'm tired of killing all your lovers; I'll kill you +this time.' + +"She looked at me steadily with her wild eyes, and then she said: + +"'I've always thought you would kill me. The very first time I saw you I +had just met a priest at the door of my house. And to-night, as we were +going out of Cordova, didn't you see anything? A hare ran across the +road between your horse's feet. It is fate.' + +"'Carmencita,' I asked, 'don't you love me any more?' + +"She gave me no answer, she was sitting cross-legged on a mat, making +marks on the ground with her finger. + +"'Let us change our life, Carmen,' said I imploringly. 'Let us go away +and live somewhere we shall never be parted. You know we have a hundred +and twenty gold ounces buried under an oak not far from here, and then +we have more money with Ben-Joseph the Jew.' + +"She began to smile, and then she said, 'Me first, and then you. I know +it will happen like that.' + +"'Think about it,' said I. 'I've come to the end of my patience and my +courage. Make up your mind--or else I must make up mine.' + +"I left her alone and walked toward the hermitage. I found the hermit +praying. I waited till his prayer was finished. I longed to pray myself, +but I couldn't. When he rose up from his knees I went to him. + +"'Father,' I said, 'will you pray for some one who is in great danger?' + +"'I pray for every one who is afflicted,' he replied. + +"'Can you say a mass for a soul which is perhaps about to go into the +presence of its Maker?' + +"'Yes,' he answered, looking hard at me. + +"And as there was something strange about me, he tried to make me talk. + +"'It seems to me that I have seen you somewhere,' said he. + +"I laid a piastre on his bench. + +"'When shall you say the mass?' said I. + +"'In half an hour. The son of the innkeeper yonder is coming to serve +it. Tell me, young man, haven't you something on your conscience that is +tormenting you? Will you listen to a Christian's counsel?' + +"I could hardly restrain my tears. I told him I would come back, and +hurried away. I went and lay down on the grass until I heard the bell. +Then I went back to the chapel, but I stayed outside it. When he had +said the mass, I went back to the _venta_. I was hoping Carmen would +have fled. She could have taken my horse and ridden away. But I found +her there still. She did not choose that any one should say I had +frightened her. While I had been away she had unfastened the hem of her +gown and taken out the lead that weighted it; and now she was sitting +before a table, looking into a bowl of water into which she had just +thrown the lead she had melted. She was so busy with her spells that at +first she didn't notice my return. Sometimes she would take out a bit of +lead and turn it round every way with a melancholy look. Sometimes she +would sing one of those magic songs, which invoke the help of Maria +Padella, Don Pedro's mistress, who is said to have been the _Bari +Crallisa_--the great gipsy queen.* + + * Maria Padella was accused of having bewitched Don Pedro. + According to one popular tradition she presented Queen + Blanche of Bourbon with a golden girdle which, in the eyes + of the bewitched king, took on the appearance of a living + snake. Hence the repugnance he always showed toward the + unhappy princess. + +"'Carmen,' I said to her, 'will you come with me?' She rose, threw away +her wooden bowl, and put her mantilla over her head ready to start. My +horse was led up, she mounted behind me, and we rode away. + +"After we had gone a little distance I said to her, 'So, my Carmen, you +are quite ready to follow me, isn't that so?' + +"She answered, 'Yes, I'll follow you, even to death--but I won't live +with you any more.' + +"We had reached a lonely gorge. I stopped my horse. + +"'Is this the place?' she said. + +"And with a spring she reached the ground. She took off her mantilla and +threw it at her feet, and stood motionless, with one hand on her hip, +looking at me steadily. + +"'You mean to kill me, I see that well,' said she. 'It is fate. But +you'll never make me give in.' + +"I said to her: 'Be rational, I implore you; listen to me. All the +past is forgotten. Yet you know it is you who have been my ruin--it is +because of you that I am a robber and a murderer. Carmen, my Carmen, let +me save you, and save myself with you.' + +"'Jose,' she answered, 'what you ask is impossible. I don't love you +any more. You love me still, and that is why you want to kill me. If +I liked, I might tell you some other lie, but I don't choose to give +myself the trouble. Everything is over between us two. You are my _rom_, +and you have the right to kill your _romi_, but Carmen will always be +free. A _calli_ she was born, and a _calli_ she'll die.' + +"'Then, you love Lucas?' I asked. + +"'Yes, I have loved him--as I loved you--for an instant--less than I +loved you, perhaps. But now I don't love anything, and I hate myself for +ever having loved you.' + +"I cast myself at her feet, I seized her hands, I watered them with my +tears, I reminded her of all the happy moments we had spent together, +I offered to continue my brigand's life, if that would please her. +Everything, sir, everything--I offered her everything if she would only +love me again. + +"She said: + +"'Love you again? That's not possible! Live with you? I will not do it!' + +"I was wild with fury. I drew my knife, I would have had her look +frightened, and sue for mercy--but that woman was a demon. + +"I cried, 'For the last time I ask you. Will you stay with me?' + +"'No! no! no!' she said, and she stamped her foot. + +"Then she pulled a ring I had given her off her finger, and cast it into +the brushwood. + +"I struck her twice over--I had taken Garcia's knife, because I had +broken my own. At the second thrust she fell without a sound. It seems +to me that I can still see her great black eyes staring at me. Then they +grew dim and the lids closed. + +"For a good hour I lay there prostrate beside her corpse. Then I +recollected that Carmen had often told me that she would like to lie +buried in a wood. I dug a grave for her with my knife and laid her in +it. I hunted about a long time for her ring, and I found it at last. +I put it into the grave beside her, with a little cross--perhaps I did +wrong. Then I got upon my horse, galloped to Cordova, and gave myself up +at the nearest guard-room. I told them I had killed Carmen, but I would +not tell them where her body was. That hermit was a holy man! He prayed +for her--he said a mass for her soul. Poor child! It's the _calle_ who +are to blame for having brought her up as they did." + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Spain is one of the countries in which those nomads, scattered all over +Europe, and known as Bohemians, Gitanas, Gipsies, Ziegeuner, and so +forth, are now to be found in the greatest numbers. Most of these people +live, or rather wander hither and thither, in the southern and eastern +provinces of Spain, in Andalusia, and Estramadura, in the kingdom +of Murcia. There are a great many of them in Catalonia. These last +frequently cross over into France and are to be seen at all our +southern fairs. The men generally call themselves grooms, horse doctors, +mule-clippers; to these trades they add the mending of saucepans and +brass utensils, not to mention smuggling and other illicit practices. +The women tell fortunes, beg, and sell all sorts of drugs, some of which +are innocent, while some are not. The physical characteristics of the +gipsies are more easily distinguished then described, and when you have +known one, you should be able to recognise a member of the race among +a thousand other men. It is by their physiognomy and expression, +especially, that they differ from the other inhabitants of the same +country. Their complexion is exceedingly swarthy, always darker than +that of the race among whom they live. Hence the name of _cale_ (blacks) +which they frequently apply to themselves.* Their eyes, set with a +decided slant, are large, very black, and shaded by long and heavy +lashes. Their glance can only be compared to that of a wild creature. It +is full at once of boldness and shyness, and in this respect their eyes +are a fair indication of their national character, which is cunning, +bold, but with "the natural fear of blows," like Panurge. Most of the +men are strapping fellows, slight and active. I don't think I ever saw +a gipsy who had grown fat. In Germany the gipsy women are often very +pretty; but beauty is very uncommon among the Spanish gitanas. When very +young, they may pass as being attractive in their ugliness, but once +they have reached motherhood, they become absolutely repulsive. The +filthiness of both sexes is incredible, and no one who has not seen a +gipsy matron's hair can form any conception of what it is, not even +if he conjures up the roughest, the greasiest, and the dustiest heads +imaginable. In some of the large Andalusian towns certain of the gipsy +girls, somewhat better looking than their fellows, will take more care +of their personal appearance. These go out and earn money by performing +dances strongly resembling those forbidden at our public balls in +carnival time. An English missionary, Mr. Borrow, the author of two very +interesting works on the Spanish gipsies, whom he undertook to convert +on behalf of the Bible Society, declares there is no instance of any +gitana showing the smallest weakness for a man not belonging to her +own race. The praise he bestows upon their chastity strikes me as being +exceedingly exaggerated. In the first place, the great majority are +in the position of the ugly woman described by Ovid, "_Casta quam nemo +rogavit_." As for the pretty ones, they are, like all Spanish women, +very fastidious in choosing their lovers. Their fancy must be taken, +and their favour must be earned. Mr. Borrow quotes, in proof of their +virtue, one trait which does honour to his own, and especially to his +simplicity: he declares that an immoral man of his acquaintance offered +several gold ounces to a pretty gitana, and offered them in vain. An +Andalusian, to whom I retailed this anecdote, asserted that the immoral +man in question would have been far more successful if he had shown the +girl two or three piastres, and that to offer gold ounces to a gipsy was +as poor a method of persuasion as to promise a couple of millions to a +tavern wench. However that may be, it is certain that the gitana shows +the most extraordinary devotion to her husband. There is no danger and +no suffering she will not brave, to help him in his need. One of the +names which the gipsies apply to themselves, _Rome_, or "the married +couple," seems to me a proof of their racial respect for the married +state. Speaking generally, it may be asserted that their chief virtue is +their patriotism--if we may thus describe the fidelity they observe in +all their relations with persons of the same origin as their own, their +readiness to help one another, and the inviolable secrecy which they +keep for each other's benefit, in all compromising matters. And indeed +something of the same sort may be noticed in all mysterious associations +which are beyond the pale of the law. + + * It has struck me that the German gipsies, though they + thoroughly understand the word _cale_, do not care to be + called by that name. Among themselves they always use the + designation _Romane tchave_. + +Some months ago, I paid a visit to a gipsy tribe in the Vosges country. +In the hut of an old woman, the oldest member of the tribe, I found +a gipsy, in no way related to the family, who was sick of a mortal +disease. The man had left a hospital, where he was well cared for, so +that he might die among his own people. For thirteen weeks he had been +lying in bed in their encampment, and receiving far better treatment +than any of the sons and sons-in-law who shared his shelter. He had a +good bed made of straw and moss, and sheets that were tolerably white, +whereas all the rest of the family, which numbered eleven persons, slept +on planks three feet long. So much for their hospitality. This very same +woman, humane as was her treatment of her guest said to me constantly +before the sick man: "_Singo, singo, homte hi mulo_." "Soon, soon he +must die!" After all, these people live such miserable lives, that a +reference to the approach of death can have no terrors for them. + +One remarkable feature in the gipsy character is their indifference +about religion. Not that they are strong-minded or sceptical. They +have never made any profession of atheism. Far from that, indeed, the +religion of the country which they inhabit is always theirs; but they +change their religion when they change the country of their residence. +They are equally free from the superstitions which replace religious +feeling in the minds of the vulgar. How, indeed, can superstition exist +among a race which, as a rule, makes its livelihood out of the credulity +of others? Nevertheless, I have remarked a particular horror of touching +a corpse among the Spanish gipsies. Very few of these could be induced +to carry a dead man to his grave, even if they were paid for it. + +I have said that most gipsy women undertake to tell fortunes. They do +this very successfully. But they find a much greater source of profit +in the sale of charms and love-philters. Not only do they supply toads' +claws to hold fickle hearts, and powdered loadstone to kindle love in +cold ones, but if necessity arises, they can use mighty incantations, +which force the devil to lend them his aid. Last year the following +story was related to me by a Spanish lady. She was walking one day along +the _Calle d'Alcala_, feeling very sad and anxious. A gipsy woman who +was squatting on the pavement called out to her, "My pretty lady, your +lover has played you false!" (It was quite true.) "Shall I get him +back for you?" My readers will imagine with what joy the proposal was +accepted, and how complete was the confidence inspired by a person who +could thus guess the inmost secrets of the heart. As it would have been +impossible to proceed to perform the operations of magic in the most +crowded street in Madrid, a meeting was arranged for the next day. +"Nothing will be easier than to bring back the faithless one to your +feet!" said the gitana. "Do you happen to have a handkerchief, a scarf, +or a mantilla, that he gave you?" A silken scarf was handed her. "Now +sew a piastre into one corner of the scarf with crimson silk--sew half +a piastre into another corner--sew a peseta here--and a two-real piece +there; then, in the middle you must sew a gold coin--a doubloon would be +best." The doubloon and all the other coins were duly sewn in. "Now give +me the scarf, and I'll take it to the Campo Santo when midnight strikes. +You come along with me, if you want to see a fine piece of witchcraft. +I promise you shall see the man you love to-morrow!" The gipsy departed +alone for the Campo Santo, since my Spanish friend was too much afraid +of witchcraft to go there with her. I leave my readers to guess whether +my poor forsaken lady ever saw her lover, or her scarf, again. + +In spite of their poverty and the sort of aversion they inspire, the +gipsies are treated with a certain amount of consideration by the more +ignorant folk, and they are very proud of it. They feel themselves to be +a superior race as regards intelligence, and they heartily despise the +people whose hospitality they enjoy. "These Gentiles are so stupid," +said one of the Vosges gipsies to me, "that there is no credit in taking +them in. The other day a peasant woman called out to me in the street. +I went into her house. Her stove smoked and she asked me to give her a +charm to cure it. First of all I made her give me a good bit of bacon, +and then I began to mumble a few words in _Romany_. 'You're a fool,' I +said, 'you were born a fool, and you'll die a fool!' When I had got near +the door I said to her, in good German, 'The most certain way of keeping +your stove from smoking is not to light any fire in it!' and then I took +to my heels." + +The history of the gipsies is still a problem. We know, indeed, that +their first bands, which were few and far between, appeared in Eastern +Europe towards the beginning of the fifteenth century. But nobody can +tell whence they started, or why they came to Europe, and, what is still +more extraordinary, no one knows how they multiplied, within a short +time, and in so prodigious a fashion, and in several countries, all +very remote from each other. The gipsies themselves have preserved no +tradition whatsoever as to their origin, and though most of them do +speak of Egypt as their original fatherland, that is only because they +have adopted a very ancient fable respecting their race. + +Most of the Orientalists who have studied the gipsy language believe +that the cradle of the race was in India. It appears, in fact, that +many of the roots and grammatical forms of the _Romany_ tongue are to +be found in idioms derived from the Sanskrit. As may be imagined, the +gipsies, during their long wanderings, have adopted many foreign words. +In every _Romany_ dialect a number of Greek words appear. + +At the present day the gipsies have almost as many dialects as there are +separate hordes of their race. Everywhere, they speak the language of +the country they inhabit more easily than their own idiom, which +they seldom use, except with the object of conversing freely before +strangers. A comparison of the dialect of the German gipsies with that +used by the Spanish gipsies, who have held no communication with each +other for several centuries, reveals the existence of a great number of +words common to both. But everywhere the original language is notably +affected, though in different degrees, by its contact with the more +cultivated languages into the use of which the nomads have been forced. +German in one case and Spanish in the other have so modified the +_Romany_ groundwork that it would not be possible for a gipsy from the +Black Forest to converse with one of his Andalusian brothers, although a +few sentences on each side would suffice to convince them that each was +speaking a dialect of the same language. Certain words in very frequent +use are, I believe, common to every dialect. Thus, in every vocabulary +which I have been able to consult, _pani_ means water, _manro_ means +bread, _mas_ stands for meat, and _lon_ for salt. + +The nouns of number are almost the same in every case. The German +dialect seems to me much purer than the Spanish, for it has preserved +numbers of the primitive grammatical forms, whereas the Gitanos have +adopted those of the Castilian tongue. Nevertheless, some words are an +exception, as though to prove that the language was originally common +to all. The preterite of the German dialect is formed by adding _ium_ +to the imperative, which is always the root of the verb. In the +Spanish _Romany_ the verbs are all conjugated on the model of the first +conjugation of the Castilian verbs. From _jamar_, the infinitive of "to +eat," the regular conjugation should be _jame_, "I have eaten." From +_lillar_, "to take," _lille_, "I have taken." Yet, some old gipsies +say, as an exception, _jayon_ and _lillon_. I am not acquainted with any +other verbs which have preserved this ancient form. + +While I am thus showing off my small acquaintance with the _Romany_ +language, I must notice a few words of French slang which our thieves +have borrowed from the gipsies. From _Les Mysteres de Paris_ honest +folk have learned that the word _chourin_ means "a knife." This is +pure _Romany_--_tchouri_ is one of the words which is common to every +dialect. Monsieur Vidocq calls a horse _gres_--this again is a gipsy +word--_gras_, _gre_, _graste_, and _gris_. Add to this the word +_romanichel_, by which the gipsies are described in Parisian slang. +This is a corruption of _romane tchave_--"gipsy lads." But a piece of +etymology of which I am really proud is that of the word _frimousse_, +"face," "countenance"--a word which every schoolboy uses, or did use, in +my time. Note, in the first place, the Oudin, in his curious dictionary, +published in 1640, wrote the word _firlimouse_. Now in _Romany_, +_firla_, or _fila_, stands for "face," and has the same meaning--it +is exactly the _os_ of the Latins. The combination of _firlamui_ was +instantly understood by a genuine gipsy, and I believe it to be true to +the spirit of the gipsy language. + +I have surely said enough to give the readers of Carmen a favourable +idea of my _Romany_ studies. I will conclude with the following proverb, +which comes in very appropriately: _En retudi panda nasti abela macha_. +"Between closed lips no fly can pass." + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Carmen, by Prosper Merimee + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARMEN *** + +***** This file should be named 2465.txt or 2465.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/2465/ + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/old-2024-09-03/2465.zip b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..18dbf53 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/old-2024-09-03/2465.zip |