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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/23402-8.txt b/23402-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f1d776 --- /dev/null +++ b/23402-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2412 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23402] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{257} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 75.] +SATURDAY, APRIL 5. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Two Chancellors, by Edward Foss 257 + + Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III. 258 + + Folk Lore:--Cure of Hooping Cough--Charms from + Devonshire--Lent Lilies--Oak Webs, &c. 258 + + The Threnodia Carolina of Sir Thomas Herbert, by + Bolton Corney 259 + + Minor Notes:--Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis--Moorfields + in Charles II.'s Time--Derivation of Yankee--A + Word to Literary Men 260 + + QUERIES: + + Poems of John Seguard of Norwich, by Sir F. Madden 261 + + Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke 262 + + Minor Queries:--The Vellum-bound Junius--What is + a Tye?--"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout"--Arms + of Robert Nelson--Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York + --Moore's Almanack--Archbishop Loftus--Matrix + of Monastic Seal--Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon-- + Villiers Duke of Buckingham--Porci solidi-pedes-- + The Heywood Family--Was Charles II. ever in + Wales?--Dog's Head in the Pot--"Poor Alinda's + growing old" 262 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Who was the Author of + "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?--William Penn's Family + --Deal, Dover, and Harwich--Author of Broad + Stone of Honour--Pope Joan--The Well o' the + World's End--Sides and Angles--Meaning of Ratche + --"Feast of Reason," &c.--Tu autem 264 + + REPLIES:-- + + Barons of Hugh Lupus 266 + + Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office 266 + + Lady Jane of Westmoreland 268 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Father + Maximilian Hell--Meaning of "strained" as used by + Shakspeare--Headings of Chapters in English Bibles 269 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 269 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 270 + + Notices to Correspondents 270 + + Advertisements 271 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +TWO CHANCELLORS. + +Although neither your readers nor I are politicians enough to interfere in +the changes proposed with reference to the office of Lord Chancellor, I +doubt not that some of them, now the subject is on the _tapis_, may feel +interested in a fact connected with it, which our ancient records disclose: +namely, that on one occasion there were _two chancellors_ acting at the +same time for several months together, and both regularly appointed by the +king. + +It is an unique instance, occurring in the reign of Edward IV.: the two +chancellors being Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, and John Alcock, +Bishop of Rochester. The former received the Great Seal in May, 1474, in +the fourteenth year of the reign, and without any doubt continued +chancellor till the king's death; and yet, from April to September in the +following year, the latter was also addressed by the same title. During +that interval of five months, there are numerous writs of Privy Seal +addressed by the king to both, in which each of them is styled "our +chancellor." + +This curious circumstance may be thus accounted for. King Edward had for +some time been contemplating an invasion of France; and when his +preparations were completed (about April), as he required his chancellor, +Bishop Rotheram, to attend him on the expedition, it became necessary to +provide some competent person to transact the business of the Chancery in +his absence. On previous occasions of this nature, it had been usual to +place the seal that was used in England, when the king was abroad, in the +hands of the Master of the Rolls, or some other master in Chancery, with +the title of Keeper: but, for some unexplained reason (perhaps because +Bishop Alcock was a man whom the king delighted to honour), this prelate +was dignified with the superior designation, although Bishop Rotheram still +retained it. The voyage being delayed from April to July, during the whole +of that period, each being in England, both acted in the same character; +Privy Seals, as I have said, being sent to both, and bills in Chancery +being addressed also to Bishop Alcock as chancellor. Rotheram was with the +king in France as his chancellor, and is so described on opening the +negotiation in August, which led to the discreditable peace by which Edward +made himself a pensioner to the French king. No Privy Seals were addressed +to Alcock after September 28; which may therefore be considered the close +of this double chancellorship, and the date of Bishop Rotheram's return to +England. + +Who knows whether the discovery of this ancient authority may not suggest +to our legislators the division of the title between two possessors {258} +with distinct duties, in the same manner that two chief justices were +substituted in the reign of Henry III. for one chief justiciary? + +The immediate interest of this fact has prompted me to anticipate its +appearance in the volumes of my work, which you have been kind enough to +announce as being in the press. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + * * * * * + +ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. III. + + "Now flieth Venus in to Ciclinius tour. + * * * * * * + "Alas, and there hath she no socour, + For she ne found ne sey no maner wight. + * * * * * * + "Wherefore her selven for to hide and save, + Within the gate she fledde in to a cave. + * * * * * * + "Now God helpe sely Venus alone, + But as God wold it happed for to be, + That while the weping Venus made her mone, + Ciclinius riding in his chirachee, + _Fro Venus Valanus might this palais see;_ + And Venus he salveth and maketh chere, + And her receiveth as his frende full dere." + _Complaint of Mars and Venus._ + +Having in my last communication (Vol. iii., p. 235.) shown cause for the +alteration in the foregoing quotation of Ciclinius into Cyllenius, I shall +now endeavour to interpret the line in Italics, which in its present shape +is utterly without meaning. + +Whatever word _Valanus_ may be supposed to represent, whether a proper or a +common name, still the construction of the whole line is evidently corrupt. + +Taking Valanus, in the first place, as a proper name, the most probable +original would be VALENS; for the connexion of which with Mercury we must +refer to Cicero (_De Nat. Deor._ iii. 22.), where mention is made of it in +these words:-- + + "Alter (Mercurius) _Valentis_ et Phoronidis filius, is qui sub terris + habetur idem Trophonius." + +Here the identification with Trophonius strikes us at once as affording a +clue to THE CAVE into which Venus fled, giving great probability to Valens +as the true solution of Chaucer's meaning. + +But if we receive it as such, the following hypothesis becomes necessary, +viz., that Chaucer imagined a _double impersonation_ of Mercury--one +absent, the other present,--one sidereal, the other mythological,--one +Cyllenius, the other Valens. + +When Venus first enters Mercury's "palais," she "_ne found ne sey no maner +wight_." This signifies the absence from home of _Cyllenius_, who was +abroad upon "his chirachee" in attendance upon the Sun; and here again is +an instance of the nice astronomical accuracy of Chaucer. It was impossible +that the _planet_ Mercury could be in the sign Gemini, because his greatest +elongation, or apparent distance from the sun, does not exceed 29 degrees; +so that the Sun having but just entered Taurus, Mercury could not be in +Gemini. Neither could Venus see Valens (the other impersonation of +Mercury), because of his concealment in the cave; but when she entered the +cave, then she was welcomed and received by him. + +Now, to render the text conformable with this interpretation, some +alteration in the construction is necessary, as indeed it must be in any +attempt to render the passage intelligible. + +Taking, away the word "Fro," and transposing "might" to the other side of +"Valanus," the lines would stand thus,-- + + "---- it happed for to be + That, while the weping Venus made her mone, + (Cyllenius riding in his chirachee) + Venus might Valens in this palais see; + And Venus he salveth and maketh chere + And her receiveth as his frende full dere!" + +On the other supposition of "Valanus" being a common name, to which a +capital letter has been prefixed in mistake, then the only word for which +it would appear to be a probable substitution would be "Vallum," in the +sense of a border or rampart; but the application would be so far-fetched +that I shall not attempt it, especially as I look upon the explanation +afforded by "Valens" as most probably the true one. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds, March 20. 1851. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Cure of Hooping Cough._--There is a superstition in Cheshire that hooping +cough may be cured by holding a toad for a few moments with its head within +the mouth of the person affected. I heard only the other day of a cure by +this somewhat disagreeable process; the toad was said to have caught the +disease, which in this instance proved fatal to it in a few hours. + +A. H. H. + +_Charms from Devonshire._--The following charms were obtained from an old +woman in this parish, though probably they are all known to you already: + + (_a._) _For a Scald or Burn._ + + "There were three angels came from The East and West, + One brought fire and another brought frost, + And the third it was the Holy Ghost. + Out fire, in frost, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the + Holy Ghost. Amen." + + (_b._) _For a Sprain._ + + "As our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was riding into + Jerusalem, His horse tripped and sprained his leg. Our Blessed Lord and + Saviour blessed it, and said, + + 'Bone to bone, and vein to vein, + O vein, turn to thy rest again!' + + M. N. so shall thine, in the Name," &c. + +{259} + + (_c._) _For stopping Blood._ + + "Our Blessed Saviour was born in Bethlehem and baptized in the river + Jordan. + + 'The Waters were wild and rude. + The child Jesus was meek, mild, and good.' + + He put His foot into the waters, and the waters stopped, and so shall + thy blood, in the Name," &c. + + (d.) _For the Tooth-ache._ + + "All glory! all glory! all glory! be to the Father, and to the Son, and + to the Holy Ghost. + + "As our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was walking in the garden of + Gethsamene, He saw Peter weeping. He called him unto Him, and said, + Peter why, weepest thou? Peter answered and said, Lord, I am grievously + tormented with pain, the pain of my tooth. Our Lord answered and said, + If thou wilt believe in Me, and My words abide with thee, thou shalt + never feel any more pain in thy tooth. Peter said, Lord, I believe, + help Thou my unbelief. In the Name, &c. + + "God grant M. N. ease from the pain in his teeth." + +(_e._) _For Fits._--Go into a church at midnight and walk three times round +the communion table. This was done in this parish a few years since. + +(_f._) An inhabitant of this parish told me that his father went into +Lydford Church, at twelve o'clock at night, and cut off some lead from +every diamond pane in the windows with which he made a heart, to be worn by +his wife afflicted with "_breastills_," i.e. _sore breasts_. + +(_g._) The skin cast by a snake is very useful in extracting thorns, &c. +from the body, but, unlike I other remedies, it is repellent, not +attractive; hence it must always be applied on the opposite side to that on +which the thorn entered. In some cases where the skin has been applied on +the same side, it has forced the thorn completely through the hand. + +_Lent Lilies.--Oak Webs, &c._--In this part of Cornwall, the native yellow +narcissus, known in most counties, and in the books, as _daffodils_ (the +"Daffy Down Dilly" of your correspondent, Vol. iii. p. 220.), are called +only by the name of _Lent lilies_, or simply _Lents_, and are commonly sold +by the poor children, frequently in exchange for _pins_. The pleasing name +reminds one of Michaelmas Daisy (_Chrysanthemum_), Christmas rose +(_Helleborus niger_), and the beautiful pasque flower (_Anemone +pulsatilla_). + +The common beetle called cockchafer is here known only as the _oak-web_, +and a smaller beetle as _fern-web_. It seems hard to guess why they should +be named _web_ (which in Anglo-Saxon means _weaver_), as they do not, I +think, form any cocoon. + +H. G. T. + +Launceston. + + * * * * * + +THE THRENODIA CAROLINA OF SIR THO. HERBERT. + +The _Threnodia Carolina_ of sir Thomas Herbert is a jewel of historical +composition, and I am persuaded that a new edition of it, if formed on a +collation of the best manuscripts, and illustrated by extracts from the +principal historians of the same period, would not only be received by the +public with thanks, but with expressions of surprise that so rare a +treasure should have been suffered to remain in such comparative obscurity. + +There are four manuscripts of the work in public libraries, two of which I +am enabled to describe. + +1. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 7396. + +This Ms. is in folio. The preliminary leaves have the notes marked 1, 2, +3--the second being in the handwriting of sir William Dugdale. The +narrative occupies thirty-six pages, with interlinear corrections and +additions. This Ms. does not contain the words _This brief narrative_, &c. +nor the letter dated the 3d Nov. 1681. + + "THRENODIA CAROLINA." + + (1) "This book contains S^r Tho. Herberts memoirs being the original in + his own hand sent to S^r W^m Dugdale in 1678." + + (2) "A true and perfect narrative of the most remarkable passages + relating to king Charles the first of blessed memory, written by the + proper land of S^r Thomas Herbert baronet, who attended upon his + ma^{tie} from Newcastle upon Tine, when he was sold by the Scotts, + during the whole time of his greatest afflictions, till his death and + buriall; w^{ch} was sent to me S^r Will^m Dugdale knight, garter + principall king of armes, in Michaellmasse Terme a^o. 1678, by the said + S^r Thomas Herbert, from Yorke, where he resideth." + + "VERITAS ODIUM PARIT." + + (3) "Court passages in the two last yeares of the raigne of king + Charles the first, during y^e time of his affliction." + + 2. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 4705. + + This Ms. is in small folio. It was formerly in the possession of Peter + le Neve, norroy. A preliminary leaf has the subjoined attestation by + sir William Dugdale. The narrative is much more ample and + circumstantial than in the former Ms., but it is not all in the + handwriting of sir Thomas Herbert. The letter dated 3 November 1681, + and the relations of Huntington, Cooke, and Firebrace, are added in the + handwriting of Dugdale; also, the names of persons who corresponded + with Charles I. while he was a prisoner in the Isle of Wight. The + passages transcribed by the REV. ALFRED GATTY appear in this Ms.--also + in the edition of 1702. The edition of 1813 is a _verbatim_ reprint of + the first and second articles of that of 1702. It was edited by Mr. + George Nicol. + + "CAROLINA THRENODIA." + + "This booke containeth a large answer to a short letter sent by S^r + Will^m Dugdale kn^t (garter; principall king of armes) unto S^r Thomas + Herbert baronet, {260} residing in the citty of Yorke. By w^{ch} letter + he did desire the sayd S^r Thomas Herbert to informe him of such + materiall passages, as he had observed touching the late king Charles + the first (of blessed memory) during the time that he the sayd S^r + Thomas did attend him in person; B^t for the two last yeares of his + afflicted life." + +The other Mss. alluded to are preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. +The most important is No. 1141., which is minutely described in the +admirable catalogue compiled by Mr. Black. A transcript of the _Threnodia +Carolina_ by Ant. à Wood, also in the Ashmolean Museum, is recorded by +Huddesford. + +As there were two _recensions_ of the narrative, I have added a specimen of +each of the Harleian Mss., which may serve as a clue to the nature of other +copies, whether in public libraries, or in private hands. + + "The Lords ordered a girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters to + be cutt in Lead and putt about the Coffin. being onely these wordes + + KING CHARLES + 1648. + + The kings body was then brought from the chamber to Saint Georges hall. + whence after a Little pause, it was w^{th} a slow pase & much sorrow + carrye'd by those gentlemen that were in mourninge: the Lords in blacks + following the royall Corpes & many gentlemen after them, and their + attendants."--THRENODIA CAROLINA, p. 36. Harleian MS. 7396. + + "The girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters in Lead putt about + the Coffin had onely these words. + + KING-CHARLES. + 1648. + + The Kings body was then brought from his Bed-chamber, downe into S^t + Georges-hall; whence after a little stay, itt was with a slow and + solemn pace (much sorrow in most faces discernable) carryed by + gentlemen that were of some quallity and in mourning. the Lords in like + habitts followed the Royall Corps. the Governor, and severall + gentlemen, and officers, and attendants came after."--CAROLINA + THRENODIA, p. 80. Harleian MS. 4705. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + +_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs of Charles I._--The question suggested by MR. +GATTY'S first note upon this subject was one of some importance, viz., +whether the original MS. in the possession of his friend contained anything +of Sir Thomas Herbert's not hitherto published? There is no doubt that the +"Memoir of the two last years of King Charles I." was written by Sir Thomas +Herbert, after his retirement to his native city of York, at the request of +the author of the _Athenæ Oxonienses_, who made use of nearly the whole of +it in compiling that great work, adapting different portions to his +biographical notices of the persons to whom they principally related. The +notices of Colonel Joyce and Colonel Cobbet are chiefly composed of +extracts from Herbert's Memoir; whilst under the name of Herbert himself +not more than about one-third of his own communication will be found. + +The first edition of the _Athenæ_ was not published until 1691, several +years after Sir Thomas Herbert's death; and the memoir in a complete form, +with the title of _Threnodia Carolina_, did not appear until the year 1702, +when it was published by Dr. Charles Goodall, physician to the Charter +House, together with other tracts relating to Charles I. This is doubtless +the volume described by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (vol. iii., p. 157.), who will, I +hope, favour your readers with the information requested by MR. GATTY (p. +222.). + +The Memoir, as published in 1813 by G. and W. Nicol, Booksellers, Pall +Mall, professes to be a faithful reprint of the former edition of 1702. The +commencing and concluding paragraphs in this reprint are precisely the same +as those transcribed by MR. GATTY'S friend from the MS. in his possession. +His idea, that an incorrect copy of his MS. was improperly obtained, and +published in 1813, seems to be without foundation. + +[Delta]. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis._--The following extract from an +advertisement in the _St. James's Chronicle_, April 15, 1779, is worth a +note as illustrative of the altered value of the book referred to:-- + + "If any person is possessed of an impression of Shakspeare's _Venus and + Adonis_, 4to. Printed by Richard Field for John Harrison, 1593, and + will bring it to Mr. Thomas Longman, bookseller, in Paternoster Row, he + will receive one guinea for it." + +Malone gave 25l. for the copy in his collection in the Bodleian. + +J. F. M. + +_Moorfields in Charles II.'s Time._--I copy this from _The New Help to +Discourse_, published about 1670: + + "Two gentlemen of Stepney going homewards over Moor-fields, about + twelve of the clock at night, were staid by an impertinent constable + with many frivolous questions, more by half to show his office than his + wit; one whereof was, If they were not afraid to go home at that time + of the night? They answered, 'No.' 'Well,' said he, 'I shall let you + pass at this time; but if you should be knockt on the lead before you + get home, you cannot but report that there was a good watch kept in + Moor-fields." + +BLOWEN. + +_Yankee, Derivation of._--The word _Yankee_ is nothing more than the word +_English_ so transformed by the imperfect pronunciation of the natives of +Massachusets--_Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. The orthography of this +much-used epithet, which is not given, we believe, in any English or +American work, was communicated to M. Philarète {261} Charles by one of the +best-informed men of that province. + + "Le mot Yankee, appliqué aujourd'hui comme sobriquet aux populations + agricoles et commerçantes du nord, n'est autre que le mot _English_ + transformé par la prononciation défectueuse des indigènes du + Massachusets: _Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. Nous tenons de l'un des + hommes les plus instruit de la province cette curieuse étymologie, que + ne donne aucun ouvrage americain ou anglais. Les Anglais, quand ils se + moquent des _Yankies_, se moquent d'eux-mèmes."--Philarète Charles, + "Les Americains," in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, May 15, 1850. + +J. M. + +_A Word to Literary Men_ (Vol. iii., p. 161.).--Perhaps MR. KENNETH R. H. +MACKENZIE will allow me to add the following as a _rider_ to his +suggestion:-- + + "Even after all the labours of the Prussian scholars," says Dr. Arnold, + "much remains to be done towards obtaining a complete knowledge of the + number, and still more of the value, of the Greek MSS. now existing in + Europe. It is not easy to know how many MSS. of any given writer are + extant, where they are to be found, and, above all, whether from their + age and character they are worth the trouble of an exact collation. A + labour of this kind cannot be accomplished by individuals; but the + present spirit of liberal co-operation, which seems to influence + literary as well as scientific men throughout Europe, renders its + accomplishment by the combined exertions of the scholars of different + countries by no meals impracticable. It would be exceedingly convenient + to possess an alphabetical list of all the extant Greek and Latin + writers, with a _catalogue raisonnée_ of the MSS. of each; and if such + a work were attempted, there is little doubt, I imagine, that in point + of number a very large addition would be made to the stock of MSS. + already known. What the result might be in point of value is another + question; still it is desirable to know what we have to trust to; and + when we have obtained a right estimate of our existing resources in + manuscripts, we shall then be better able to judge what modern + criticism will have to do from its own means towards bringing the text + of the ancient writers to the greatest possible state of + perfection."--Preface to _Thucydides_, vol. iii. page iv. 2d edit. + +M. N. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +POEMS OF JOHN SEGUARD OF NORWICH. + +In the _Letters on the British Museum_, 1767 (referred to Vol. iii., p. +208.), at p. 33. is given a short Latin poem, which the writer states he +"found among the manuscripts;" and adds, "It was written by John Seward in +the time of Henry V., who conquered Charles VI. of France." The poem is as +follows: + + "Ite per extremam Tanaim, pigrosque Triones, + Ite per arentem Lybiam, superate calores + Solis, et arcanos Nili deprendite fontes, + Herculeumque sinum, Bacchi transcurrite metas, + Angli juris erit quicquid complectitur orbis. + Anglis rubra dabunt pretiosas æquora conchas, + Indus ebur, ramos Panchaia, vellera Seres, + Dum viget Henricus, dum noster vivit Achilles; + Est etenim laudes longe transgressus avitas." + +If these lines are compared with the contemporary Leonine verses in praise +of Henry V., preserved in MS. Cott. Cleop. B. i. f. 173. beginning: + + "Ad Salvatoris laudes, titulos et honores." + +their great superiority, in point of Latinity, will be perceived, and this +Query forthwith arises: Who was John Seward? + +In reply to this, the following information has been collected. The name of +the author was not _Seward_, but _Seguard_. He is not mentioned by Leland, +but Bale calls him "insignis sui temporis rhetor ac poeta;" and states +further, that in the city of Norwich, "non sine magno auditorum fructu, +bonas artes ingenue profitebatur." He then gives a list of his writings, +among which is a work on Prosody, entitled _Metristenchiridion_, addressed +to Richard Courtney, Bishop of Norwich, who held the see only from Sept. +1413 to Sept. 1415, and therefore composed during that interval. He notices +also a tract _De miseria hominis_, together with _Carmina diversi generis_ +and _Epistolæ ad diversos_; all of which, he says, he himself saw in +manuscripts in Merton College, Oxford, and in the Royal Library of Edward +VI. Pits, the next authority in point of date, chiefly follows Bale in his +account of John Seguard; but adds, "Equestris ordinis in Anglia patre +natus," and among his writings inserts one not specified by Bale, _De +laudibus Regis Henrici Quinti, versu_. Tanner copies the first of these +statements, yet, singular enough, omits all notice of the poem on Henry V., +the very one, apparently, cited in the _Letters on the British Museum_. But +there are further difficulties. It was natural to suppose, that the MS. +seen by Bale in the Royal Library would be there still; and Tanner +unhesitatingly refers to the volume marked 15 A. xxii. art. 5., as the one +which contained the poem _De miseria hominis_, noted by Bale. On looking, +however, at this manuscript, it became apparent that both Bale and Tanner +are in error in ascribing this poem to Seguard. The handwriting is of the +early part of the thirteenth century, and consequently full a century and a +half before the Norwich poet was born! At the conclusion is this note, by +the same hand: + + "Hos versus, sicut nobis quidam veridicus retulit, Segardus junior de + Sancto Audomaro composuit." + +The writer here named is not mentioned in Fabricius, nor in the _Histoire +Littéraire de la France_. Besides the MS. in Merton College, Oxford, +referred to by Bale, which still exists there under the signature Q. 3. 1., +I find another in Bernard's _Catt._ {262} _MSS. Angliæ_, 1697, vol. ii. p. +216., among the manuscripts of Sir Henry Langley of Shropshire, "No. 22. +Jo. Segnard [_read_ Seguard] Poemata." I would therefore close these +remarks by requesting attention to the following Queries:-- + +1. As Blomefield is silent on the subject, is anything more known +respecting the biography of John Seguard? + +2. Can a list be obtained of the contents of the Merton manuscript? + +3. What became of the Langley MS., and where is it at present? + +4. In what manuscript of the British Museum is the poem on Henry V. +contained? + +F. MADDEN. + +P.S. Since I wrote the above, I have found in the Sale Catalogue of the +Towneley library, 1814, pt. i. lot 396.: + + "_Seguardi Opuscula._ Manuscript on vellum. This volume contains + several treatises not mentioned by Bale or Pits." + +It was purchased by Mr. Laing for 1l. 1s. May I, therefore, add one more +Query? + +5. Can the present owner of this MS. (which is probably the same as the +Langley copy) furnish a note of its contents? + +F. M. + + * * * * * + +EPITAPH ON THE COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE. + +Who was the writer of the oft-quoted lines, + + "Underneath this marble (sable) hearse," &c. + +intended, as all know, for an epitaph on Mary Sidney, afterwards Countess +of Pembroke, but not inscribed upon any monumental stone? They are almost +universally attributed to Ben Jonson, and are included amongst his poems. +But this is not conclusive evidence, as we also there find the epitaph on +Drayton, which was written by Quarles. In Aubrey's MS. _Memoires of +Naturall Remarques in Wilts_, these verses are said to have been "made by +Mr. Willi[=a]. Browne, who wrote the Pastoralls, and they are inserted +there." Mr. Britton, in his _Life of Aubrey_ (p. 96.), adds: + + "It is essential to observe, that Aubrey is not alone in stating them + to be by Browne; for, in his note upon the subject, he left a blank for + the latter's Christian name, 'William,' which was filled up by Evelyn + when he perused the manuscript. Indeed, Evelyn added as a further note, + '_William_, Governor to the now Earl of Oxford.'" + +But these lines are not to be found in Browne's _Pastorals_. In book ii., +song 4., there is an epitaph, but which bears little resemblance to the one +in question. It concludes with the following conceit: + + "If to the grave there ever was assign'd + One like this nymph in body and in minde, + We wish here in balme, not vainely spent, + To fit this maiden with a monument, + For brass, and marble, were they seated here, + Would fret, or melt in tears, to lye so near." + +Addison, in _The Spectator_, No. 323., speaks of this epitaph as "written +by an uncertain author." This was not more than seventy-five or eighty +years after Jonson's death. In the lives of the Sidneys, and in Ballard's +_Memoirs of Celebrated Ladies_ (1752), no author is mentioned; but the +latter speaks of the epitaph as likely to be more lasting than marble or +brass. To the six lines which generally stand alone, the following are +added in the two last-mentioned works: + + "Marble pyles let no man raise, + To her name, for after daies, + Some kind woman, born as she, + Reading this like Niobe, + Shall turn marble, and become, + Both her mourner and her tomb." + +These are also given by Brydges in his _Peers Of James II._, but they are +not in Jonson's works. Did they originally form part of the epitaph, or are +they the production of another and later author? + +That this epitaph should be attributed to Jonson, may possibly have arisen +from the following lines being confounded with it. Jacob, in his _English +Poets_, says-- + + "To show that Ben was famous at _epigram_, I need only transcribe the + epitaph he wrote on the Lady Elizabeth L. H.: + + "Underneath this stone doth lie + As much virtue as could die, + Which when alive did harbour give + To as much beauty as could live. + +J. H. M. + +Bath. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Mr. Cramp, in his late publication, _Junius and +his Works_, conjectures that the printer having bound a copy of _Junius_ +for and under the direction of the writer of the letters, followed the +pattern in the binding of other copies; and this, he says, "will account +for similar copies having been found in the libraries of so many persons, +which from time to time has occasioned so much speculation." With Mr. +Cramp's conjecture I do not concern myself; but I should be much obliged if +he would inform me, through your Journal, in what libraries, and where, +these many vellum-bound copies have been found, and where I can find the +speculations to which they have given rise. + +V. B. + +_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Some years ago, on reading the private letters +of Junius, addressed to H. S. Woodfall, and printed by G. Woodfall, 1812, I +was particularly struck by those of No. 58. and 59., wherein he states a +desire to have one set of his letters (which were published 3d March, 1772, +by Woodfall) _bound in vellum_. + +Constantly bearing in mind the fact of the vellum copy, I invariably +examined all the book {263} catalogues that came in my way for it. At last +the long-wished-for object appeared in the Stowe sale, and I immediately +gave my agent instruction to purchase the book for me, and he might offer +as much as 10l.: he bid 8l., and then it was intimated that it was no use +to go on; that fifty guineas would not purchase it, or any other sum. + +Query, Has this volume been in any other sale? if not, it certainly +connects the Buckingham family with Junius, though it does not prove the +author. + +W. D. HAGGARD. + + [The Stowe copy of Junius, it appears, was bought by Mr. Rodd for 9l., + no doubt upon commission.] + +_What is a "Tye?"_--In Essex, many parishes have a place called "the tye," +which I believe is always an out-lying place where three roads meet. In an +old map I have seen one place now called "Tye" written "Dei." Is it where a +cross once stood, and Tye a corruption of Dei? Forby, in his _East Anglian +Vocabulary_, mentions it, but cannot make it out. + +A. HOLT WHITE. + +_"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout."_--In D'Israeli's _Curiosities of +Literature_, Moxon's edition, in 1 vol. p. 118., or ed. edited by his son, +vol. i. p. 363., under the head "A Literary Wife," are the lines-- + + "Marriage is such a rabble rout, + That those that are out, would fain get in; + And those that are in, would fain get out:" + +quoted from Chaucer. I have heard these lines quoted as being from +_Hudibras_: as I cannot trace them in my editions of Chaucer of Butler, +perhaps some of your readers can tell me where I can find them? + +S. WMSON. + +_Arms of Robert Nelson._--Can any of the numerous readers and +correspondents of "NOTES AND QUERIES" describe the _armorial bearings_ of +_Robert Nelson, Esq._, the author of the _Companion for the Festivals and +Fasts of the Church of England_? He was buried in the burying-ground in +Lamb's Conduit Fields, January, 1714. + +G. F. + +_Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York._--Query, whereabouts in the county of York +is this place? I believe that one of the above is the way of spelling, but +at any rate they have the same sound. + +J. N. C. + +_Moore's Almanack._--Can any of your correspondents inform me as to the +history of _Moore's Almanack_? + +What is the date of its first appearance? Was Francis Moore a real +personage, or merely a myth? + +H. P. W. + +Temple. + +_Archbishop Loftus._--I shall be deeply obliged to any of your +correspondents who will inform me whether, and _where_, any diary or +private memoranda are known to exist of Adam Loftus, who was Archbishop of +Dublin nearly forty years, from 1567 to 1605, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, +and the first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin. He was an ancestor of the +Viscount Loftus, and of the Marquess of Ely. + +HENRY COTTON. + +Thurles, Ireland, March 20. + +_Matrix of Monastic Seal._--A brass matrix has fallen into my hands of a +period certainly not much anterior to the Revolution. Device, the Virgin +and Child, their heads surrounded with nimbi; the former holds in her right +hand three lilies, the latter a globe and cross. The legend is: + +"* SIG[=IL] . MON . [=B] . [=M] . DE . PRATO . ALIAS . DE . BONO . NVNCIO." + +In the field, a shield charged with three lions passant. Can any +correspondent aid me in assigning it rightly? There was an Abbey of St. +Mary de Pratis at Leicester (Vide _Gent. Mag._, vol. xciii. p. 9.); and +there is a church dedicated to "St. Mary in the Marsh at Norwich." In a +recent advertisement I find a notice of Scipio Ricci, Bishop of Pistoia and +Prato, so that the appellation is not very uncommon. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon._--What edition of the Peschito-Syriac +version of the Old and New Testaments, respectively, is considered the +best? Also, what Syriac Lexicon stands highest for value and accuracy? + +T. TN. + +_Villiers Duke of Buckingham._--There is a tradition in Portsmouth, that in +the evening preceding his assassination, Villiers Duke of Buckingham killed +a sailor. Is there any authority for this? + +E. D. + +_Porci solidi-pedes._--Can any of your readers inform me if any pigs with +single hoofs are in existence in any county in England? They are mentioned +in a letter from Sir Thomas Browne to Dugdale the antiquary. + +J. S. P. (a Subscriber). + +_The Heywood Family._--I am anxious to know if Thomas Heywood, the +dramatist, was in any way related to Nathaniel Heywood or Oliver Heywood, +the celebrated Nonconformist ministers in the seventeenth century? Could +any of your correspondents give me information on this point? + +H. A. B. + +Trin. Coll. Camb. + +_Was Charles II. ever in Wales?_--There is a tradition amongst the +inhabitants of Glamorganshire, that, after his defeat at the battle of +Worcester, Charles come to Wales and staid a night at a place called +Llancaiach Vawr, in the parish of Gelligaer. The place then belonged to a +Colonel Pritchard, an officer in the Parliamentary army; and the story +relates that he made himself known to his host, and threw himself upon his +generosity for safety. The colonel assented to his staying for {264} _one_ +night only, but went away himself, afraid, as the story goes, that the +Parliament should come to know he had succoured Charles. I know that +Llancaiach was a place of considerable note long after that, and that an +old farmer used to say he had heard tile story from his father. The +historians, I believe, are all silent as to his having fled to Wales +between the time of his defeat at Worcester and the time he left the +country. + +DAVYDD GAM. + + [Some accounts state that Charles I. was entertained by Colonel + Prichard, when that monarch, travelling through Wales, lost his way + between Tredegar and Brecknock. (See Lewis's _Topographical Dictionary + of Wales_, art. "Gellygaer.")] + +_Dog's Head in the Pot._--"Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Haberdasher of +London, by will, dated 3d Sept. 1563, gave 13s. 4d. annually to the +highways between Barkway and Dogshed-in-the-Pot, otherwise called +Horemayd." + +The Dogshed-in-the-Pot here mentioned was, as I infer, a public-house in +the parish of Great or Little Hormead in Hertfordshire, by the side of the +road from Barkway to London. In Akerman's _Tradesmen's Tokens current in +London_ I find one (numbered 1442) of the "Dogg's-Head-in-the-Potte" in Old +Street, having the device of a dog eating out of a pot; and the token of +Oliver Wallis, in Red Cross Street (No. 1610., A.D. 1667), has the device +of a dog eating out of a three-legged pot. In April, 1850, Hayward Brothers +(late R. Henly and Co.), wholesale and manufacturing builders ironmongers, +196. Blackfriars Road, and 117. and 118. Union Street, Borough, London (who +state their business to have been established 1783), put forth an +advertisement headed with a woodcut of a dog eating out of a three-legged +pot. + +Can any of your readers elucidate this sign of the "Dog's-head-in-the Pot?" + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge, May 24. 1850. + +_"Poor Allinda's growing old."_--Charles II., to vex the Duchess of +Cleveland, caused Will Legge to sing to her-- + + "Poor Allinda's growing old, + Those charms are now no more." + +(See Lord Dartmouth's note in _Burnet_, vol. i. p. 458. ed. 1823.) Let me +ask, through "NOTES AND QUERIES," Dr. Rimbault, Mr. Chappell, or any +readers, where are these verses to be found? + +P. CUNNINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Who was the Author of "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?_--There is an anonymous +tract, entitled _A Modest Enquiry, &c._, (4to. London, 1687), on the +question of St. Peter's ever having been at Rome: proving, in so far as a +negative in the case can be proved, in the most logical, full, clear, and +satisfactory manner, that--_He never was at Rome_; and _never was, either +nominally or otherwise, Bishop_ _of the Church there_: and showing the +grounds for the contrary assertion to be altogether baseless and untrue; +being a tissue of self-contradicting forgeries and frauds, invented long +subsequently to the time, evidently for the sole purpose of justifying the +Papal pretensions of succession and derivation from the Apostle; as those, +and all its other claims, are founded alone upon that fact, and must stand +or fall with it. + +The inquiry is conducted throughout with evidence of great acquaintance +with Scripture and much theological learning (though the writer states +himself to be a layman), without the least undue pretension, and with the +most perfect temperateness and impartiality. The work would seem now well +worth reprinting in a cheap and popular form. + +Who was the author? + +M. + + [In Francis Peck's _Catalogue of Discourses in the Time of King James + II._, No. 226., the name of HENRY CARE is given as the author. A list + of his other works may be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca_.] + +_William Penn's Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform me to whom +his eldest surviving son (William) was married, and also to whom the +children of the said son were married, as well as those of his daughter +Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any? This son and daughter were William +Penn's children by his first marriage with Miss Springett. + +A. U. C. + + [William Penn, eldest son (of William Penn by Miss Springett), had two + children, Gulielma Maria, married to Charles Fell, and William Penn of + the Rocks in Sussex, who by his first wife, Christian Forbes, had a + daughter and heir, married to Peter Gaskell. Mrs. Aubrey was living in + 1718. Our correspondent may also be referred to Mr. Hepworth Dixon's + recently published _William Penn, an Historical Biography_.] + +_Deal, Dover, and Harwich._--Where do the following lines come from? + + "Deal, Dover, and Harwich, + The devil gave with his daughter in marriage; + And, by a codicil to his will, + He added Helvoet and the Brill." + +J. H. L. + + [Francis Grose, in his _Collection of Proverbs_, speaks of them as "A + satirical squib thrown at the innkeepers of those places, in return for + the many impositions practised on travellers, as well natives as + strangers. Equally applicable to most other sea-ports."] + +_Author of Broad Stone of Honour._--Who is the author of the _Broad Stone +of Honour_, of which mention is made in the _Guesses at Truth_, 1st series, +p. 230., &c., and in the _Ages of Faith_, p. 236., works of some interest +in reference to the Papal discussions which are raging at present? + +NEMO. + + [Kenelm M. Digby is the author of the _Broad Stone of Honour_.] + +{265} + +_Pope Joan._--Can any information be procured as to the origin of the game +called Pope Joan, and (what is of more importance) of the above title, +whether any such personage ever held the keys of St Peter and wore the +tiara? If so, at what period and for what time, and what is known of her +personal history? + +NEMO. + + [That _Papissa Joanna_ is merely a fictitious character, is now + universally acknowledged by the best authorities. "Clearer + confirmations must be drawn for the history of Pope Joan, who succeeded + Leo IV. and preceded Benedict III., than many we yet discover, and he + wants not grounds that doubts it." So thought Sir Thomas Browne, in his + _Vulgar Errors_, B. vii. Ch. 17. Gibbon, too, rejects it as fabulous. + "Till the Reformation," he says, "the tale was repeated and believed + without offence, and Joan's female statue long occupied her place among + the Popes in the Cathedral of Sienna. She has been annihilated by two + learned Protestants, Blondel and Bayle; but their brethren were + scandalized by this equitable and generous criticism. Spanheim and + L'Enfant attempted to save this poor engine of controversy, and even + Mosheim condescends to cherish some doubt and suspicion."--_The Decline + and Fall of the Roman Empire_, chap. xlix. Spanheim's work, _Joanna + Papissa Restituta_, was printed at Leyden in 1692.] + +_The Well o' the World's End._--I am very anxious to find out, whether +there still exists in print (or if it is known to any one now alive) an old +Scotch fairy tale called "The Weary Well at the World's End?" Charles +Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., who is unhappily dead lately, knew the story and +meant to write it down; but he became too infirm to do so, and though many +very old people in the hilly districts of Lammermoor and Roxburghshire +remember parts of it, and knew it in their youth, I cannot find one who +knows it entirely. + +L. M. M. R. + + [Some references to the story alluded to by our correspondent will be + found in Dr. Leyden's valuable introduction to _The Complaynt of + Scotland_; and the story itself in Chambers's admirable collection of + Scottish Folk Lore, _Popular Rhymes of Scotland_, p. 236. of the third + edition, which form vol. vii. of the _Select Writings of Robert + Chambers_.] + +_Sides and Angles._--What is the most simple and least complicated method +of determining the various relations of the sides and angles of the acute +and obtuse-angled triangles, without the aid of trigonometry, construction, +or, in fact, by any method except arithmetic? + +F. G. F. + +St. Andrew's. + + [The relations of sides and angles cannot be obtained without + trigonometry in some shape. A very easy work has lately been published + by Mr. Hemming, in which there is as little as possible of technical + trigonometry.] + +_Meaning of Ratche._--In John Frith's _Antithesis_, published in 1529, he +says: + + "The pope and bishops hunt the wild deer, the fox, and the hare, in + their closed parks, with great cries, and horns blowing, with hounds + and _ratches_ running." + +I should be glad to have the word _ratches_ satisfactorily explained. + +H. W. + + [From a note by Steevens on the line in _King Lear_ (Boswell's + _Shakspeare_, vol. x. p. 155.), it appears that the late Mr. Hawkins, + in his notes to _The Return from Parnassus_, p. 237., says, "That a + _rache_ is a dog that hunts by scent wild beasts, birds, and even + fishes, and that the female of it is called a _brache_:" and in + _Magnificence_, an ancient Interlude of Morality, by Skelton, printed + by Rastell, no date, is the following line: + + "Here is a leyshe of ratches to renne an hare." + +In a following note, Mr. Tollet, after saying "What is here said of a +_rache_, might, perhaps, be taken from Holinshed's _Description of +Scotland_, p. 14.," proceeds, "The females of all dogs were once called +_braches_; and Ulitius upon Gratius observes, 'Racha Saxonibus canem +significabat unde Scoti hodie _Rache_ pro cane foemina habent, quod Anglis +est _Brache_.'"] + +_"Feast of Reason," &c._--Seeing your correspondents ask where couplets are +to be found, I venture to ask whence comes the line-- + + "The feast of reason and the flow of soul." + +I have often heard it asked, but never answered. + +H. W. D. + + [It will be found in Pope's _Imitations of Horace_, Book ii. Satire i.: + + "There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl + The feast of reason and the flow of soul."] + +_Tu Autem._--In page 25. of "Hertfordshire," in Fuller's _Worthies_, there +is a story of one Alexander Nequam, who, wishing to become a monk of St. +Alban's, wrote thus to the abbot thereof: + + "Si vis, veniam. Sin autem, tu autem." + +To which the abbot replied: + + "Si bonus sis, venias. Si Nequam, nequaquam." + +Can any of your readers inform me of the meaning of "tu autem" in the first +line? as I have been long puzzled. + +This puts me in mind of a form which there was at Ch. Ch., Oxford, on +"gaudy" days. Some junior students went to the "high table" to say a Latin +grace, and when they had finished it, they were dismissed by the Dean +saying "Tu autem;" on which, I remember, there was invariably a smile +pervading the faces of those present, even that of the Dean himself, as no +one seemed to know the meaning of the phrase. I believe that it was in my +time an enigma to all. Can any of your ingenious readers solve me this? + +H. C. K. + +----Rectory, Hereford. + + [Pegge in his _Anonymiana_, Cent. iv. Sect. 32. says, "At St. John's + College, Cambridge, a scholar, in my time, read some part of a chapter + in a Latin Bible; and after he had read a short time, the President, or + {266} the Fellow that sat in his place cried, _Tu autem_. Some have + been at a loss for the meaning of this; but it is the beginning of the + suffrage, which was supposed to follow the reading of the Scripture, + which the reading scholar was to continue by saying _Miserere mei, + Domine_. But at last it came to mean no more than to be a cue to the + reader to desist or give over."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 87. 189.) + +The inquiry of P., in p. 87., seems to indicate an impression that all the +witnesses to the charter of Hugh Lupus to Chester Abbey were barons of the +Palatinate, but only a few of them were such, the rest being of England +generally. + +The original barons of the Palatinate were clearly distinguishable by +possession of privileges confirmed to them by a well-known charter of Earl +Ranulph III.; and all the Norman founders of their baronies will be found, +under Cestrescire, in Domesday, as tenants in capite, from the Earl +Palatine, of lordships within the lyme of his county. + +_Bigod de Loges_ (one of the subjects of P.'s inquiry) will not bear this +test, unless he was identical with Bigot, Norman lord of the manors +afterwards comprised in Aldford Fee, which is not known to have been the +case. For this last-named Bigot, whose lands descended through the Alfords +to Arderne, reference may be made to the _History of Cheshire_, I. xxix., +II. 411. + +_William Malbanc_, the other subject of inquiry, who has eluded M. J. T.'s +searches, is easily identified. He was the Norman baron of Nantwich, the +Willelmus Malbedeng of the _Domesday Survey_ (vol. i. p. 265. col. 2.), and +the name is also written thus in the copy of H. Lupus's charter referred +to, which was ratified under inspection by Guncelyn de Badlesmere, +Justiciary of Chester in 8 Edw. I. + +The charter, with Badlesmere's attestation prefixed, will be found in +Leycester's _Cheshire Antiquities_, p. 109., and in Ormerod's _Hist. of +Cheshire_, vol. i. p. 12. In the latter work, in vol. iii., the inquirer +will also find an account of William Malbedeng or Malbanc, his estates, his +descendant coheirs, and their several subdivisions, extending from p. 217. +to p. 222., under the proper head of Nantwich or _Wich Malbanc_, a still +existing Palatine barony. + +LANCASTRIENSIS. + +Your correspondent M. J. T. says it appears from-- + + "_The MS. Catalogue_ of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that + Robert and Roger de Loges possessed lordships in the districts of + Coutances in Normandy." + +Will he be so good as to say what _MS. Catalogue_ he refers to? He seems to +speak of _the MS._ _Catalogue_ of Norman nobility as if it were some +well-known public and authentic record. + +Q. G. + + * * * * * + +EDMUND PRIDEAUX AND THE FIRST POST-OFFICE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 186.) + +In a recent number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (which, by the way, I have only +recently become acquainted with) I saw the Queries of your correspondent +G. P. P. upon the above subject, and having some time ago had occasion to +investigate it, I accumulated a mass of notes from various sources,--and +these I send you, rough and unpolished as they are, in the hope that in the +absence of better information, they may prove to be acceptable. + +Herodotus (viii. 98.) mentions the existence of a method of communication +among the Persians, by means of horsemen placed at certain distances. + +In the Close and Misæ Rolls (_temp. King John et post_) payments are +recorded for nuncii who were charged with the carriage of letters. + +In 1481, Edward IV., during his war with Scotland, established horse riders +at _posts_ twenty miles apart, by which letters were conveyed two hundred +miles in two days (Gale's _Hist. Croyland_); and the Scottish Parliament +issued an ordinance for facilitating the expedition of couriers throughout +the kingdom. Carriers of letters also existed in England about this time, +for in a letter from Sir J. Paston, written in 1471, we are informed that +"Courby, the carrier, hath had 40d. for the third hired horse," for a +journey from Norwich to London and back. (Fenn's _Paston Letters_, 4to. +vol. v. p. 73.) + +In 1542, letters reached Edinburgh on the fourth day from their despatch +from London. (Sadler's _Letters and Negociations_.) + +In 1548, the rate to be charged for post-horse hire was fixed by statute (2 +& 3 Edw. VI. cap. 3.) at one penny per mile. + +In 1581 (according to Camden), Thomas Randolph was appointed the first +Chief Postmaster of all England. + +James I. established (date unknown) the office of Foreign Postmaster, which +was first held by Mathewe le Questor. + +In 1631, Charles I. appointed William Frizell and Thomas Witherings (in +reversion) to the sole management of the foreign post-office. And at this +date it seems a regular home post was also carried on, as appears by the +following entry from the Corporation Books of Great Yarmouth:--"1631. +Agreed, June 6, with the Postmaster of Ipswich to have Quarterly 20s. paid +him for carrying and bringing letters to and from London to Yarmouth for +the vse of the Towne." + +In 1635, Charles I. issued a proclamation for the establishment of "a +running post or two, to {267} run night and day between Edinburgh and +Scotland and the City of London, to go thither and come back again in six +days:" branch posts were also to be established with all the principal +towns on the road: the rates of postage were fixed at 2d. under 80 miles; +4d. for 140 miles; 6d. beyond; and 8d. to Scotland. This is conclusive +evidence that a regular post-office establishment existed nearly ten years +_before Prideaux had anything to do with the post-office_. + +In 1640, a proclamation was issued by the Long Parliament, by which the +offices of Foreign and Inland Postmaster (then held by Witherings) were +sequestrated into the hands of one Philip Burlamachy, a city merchant. Soon +after this we find a Committee of the Commons, with "Master Edmund +Prideaux" for chairman, inquiring into the matter. + +In 1644, a resolution of the Commons declared that "Edmund Prideaux, Esq., +a member of the House," was "constituted master of the posts, messengers, +and couriers." + +In 1649 Prideaux established a weekly conveyance to every part of the +kingdom; and also appears to have introduced other judicious reforms and +improvements,--indeed he seems to have been the Rowland Hill of those days; +but he has not the slightest claim to be considered as the "Inventor of the +Post-office." The mistake may have arisen from a misapprehension of the +following statement frown Blackstone: "Prideaux first established a weekly +conveyance of letters into all parts of the nation, _thereby saving to the +public the charge of maintaining postmasters_, to the amount of 7000l. per +annum." + +I have not been able to obtain any particulars of Prideaux's personal +history. + +MERCURII. + +Jememutha Magna. + +_Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office._--See the Appendix to the +Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Commons on the Detaining and +Opening of Letters at the Post-Office, 1844, which contains copies of +numerous documents furnished by Mr. Lechmere and Sir Francis Palgrave. + +ARUN. + + [We avail ourselves of this opportunity of inserting the following + extract from Mr. Rowland Hill's _Post-Office Reform; its Importance and + Practicability_, p. 86. of the third edition, published in 1837, as it + shows clearly the use which Mr. Rowland Hill made of the story in his + great work of Postage Reform; and that Miss Martineau had clearly no + authority for fathering the story in question upon that gentleman:-- + + "Coleridge tells a story which shows how much the Post-office is open + to fraud, in consequence of the option as to pre-payment which now + exists. The story is as follows:-- + + 'One day, when I had not a shilling which I could spare, I was passing + by a cottage not far from Keswick, where a letter-carrier was demanding + a shilling for a letter, which the woman of the house appeared + unwilling to pay, and at last declined to take. I paid the postage, and + when the man was out of sight, she told me that the letter was from her + son, who took that means of letting her know that he was well; the + letter was _not to be paid for_. It was then opened and found to be + blank!'[1] + + "This trick is so obvious a one that in all probability it is + extensively practised."] + +[Footnote 1: _Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S. T. +Coleridge_, vol. ii. p. 114.] + +The quotations of your correspondent G. P. P., from Polwhele's _Cornwall_, +relate to the same individual, and a more general construction must, I +think, be put upon the expression "our countryman," than that it inferred a +native of the county. The family of Prideaux was one of great antiquity, +and originated in Cornwall (their first seat being at Prideaux Castle +there), and had estates there in the time of the above Edmund. His father, +Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton (the first baronet), studied the law in +the Inner Temple, where he became very eminent for his skill and learning. +He is stated to have raised a large estate in the counties of Devon and +Cornwall. He married * * *; secondly, Catherine, daughter of Piers +Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe, Esq., by whom he had two sons, Sir Peter his +successor, and Edmund, the subject of your correspondent's Queries, who is +thus described in Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, p. 509.:-- + + "This gentleman was bred to the law, and of so great a reputation, as + well for zeal to religion as skill in the law, it is not strange he was + chosen a Member of that which was called the Long Parliament, wherein + he became a very leading man; for, striking in with the prevailing + party of those times (though he never joined with them in setting upon + the life of his Sovereign), he grew up to great wealth and dignity. He + was made Commissioner of the Great Seal [1643. Rushworth, vol. iii. p. + 242.], worth 1500l. a-year and by ordinance of Parliament practised + within the bar as one of the king's counsel, worth 5000l. per annum. + After that he was Attorney General, _worth what he pleased to make it_ + [!!], and then _Postmaster General_ ... from all which rich employments + he acquired a great estate, and among other things purchased the _Abbey + of Ford_, lying in the Parish of Thorncombe, in Devonshire, where he + built a noble new house out of the ruins of the old," &c. + +Prideaux cannot be called the inventor of the Post-office, although to him +may be attributed the extension of the system. The first inland letter +office, which, however, extended to some of the principal roads only, was +established by Charles I. in 1635, under the direction of Thomas +Witherings, who was superseded in 1640. On the breaking out of the civil +war, great confusion was occasioned in the conduct of the office, and about +that time Prideaux's plan seems to have been conceived. {268} He was +chairman of a committee in 1642 for considering the rates upon inland +letters; and afterwards (1644) appointed Postmaster, in the execution of +which office he first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all +parts of the nation. Prior to this, letters were sent by special +messengers, or postmasters, whose duty it was to supply relays of horses at +a certain mileage. (_Blackstone_, book i. c. 8. s. 3.) + +I am unable to discover when Edmund Prideaux died; but it appears that +either he, or one of his descendants, took part in the rising of the Duke +of Monmouth in the West of England, upon which occasion the "great estate" +was found of great service in providing a bribe for Lord Jeffreys. In the +Life of Lord Jeffreys, annexed to the _Western Martyrology; or, Bloody +Assizes_ (5th ed. 266. London, 1705), it is said that "A western +gentleman's purchase came to fifteen or sixteen hundred guineas, which my +Lord Chancellor had." And Rapin, vol. ii. p. 270., upon the authority of +Echard, iii. p. 775., states that in 1685 one Mr. Prideaux, of Ford Abbey, +Somerset, gave Jeffreys 14000l. [probably misprint for 1400l.] "to save his +life." + +I think it likely that your correspondent may find further information upon +the subject of this note, in the _Life of Dr. Humphrey Prideaux, Dean of +Norwich_ (born 1648, died 1724), published in 1748. + +J. B. COLMAN. + +Eye, March 18. 1851. + +Polwhele was clearly wrong in designating Edmund Prideaux, the +Attorney-General, a Cornishman, as he belonged to the family long seated in +Devonshire, and was fourteenth in descent from Hickedon Prideaux, of +Orcharton, in that county, second son of Nicholas, lord of Prideaux, in +Cornwall, who died in 1169. + +The four Queries of G. P. P. may be more or less fully answered by +reference to Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, ed. 1810, p. 651.; and an +excellent history of the Post-office in the _Penny Magazine_ for 1834, p. +33. + +Is it too much to ask of your correspondent, who writes from Putney under +my initials, that he will be so good as to change his signature? I think +that I have strong reasons for the request, but I will only urge that I was +first in the field, under the designation which he has adopted.[2] + +J. D. S. + +[Footnote 2: [Would J. D. S. No 1, and J. D. S. No. 2, add the final letter +of their respective names, _h n s y_, or whatever it may be, the difficulty +may probably be avoided. We have now so many correspondents that +coincidence of signature can scarcely be avoided.]] + + * * * * * + +LADY JANE OF WESTMORELAND. + +(Vol. i., p. 103.; Vol. ii., p. 485.) + +_Jane_, Countess of Henry Neville, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland, was +daughter of SIR ROGER CHOLMLEY, of Kinthorpe and Roxby, co. York. (_Vis. +York. Harl. MS._ 1487. _fol._ 354.) She is often confused with his other +wife, Anne Manners, and also with her own sister, Margaret Gascoigne, both +in the Neville and Cholmley pedigrees as _printed_. (Burke's _Extinct +Baronetage_, art. _Cholmley_, and _Extinct Peerage_, art. _Neville_.) But +while the Manners pedigree in Collins's _Peerage_ (by Longmate, vol. i. p. +433.), as cited by Q. D., removes the former difficulty, that of Gascoigne +is disposed of by the Cholmley pedigree in Harl. MS. above quoted, as well +as by that (though otherwise very incorrect) in Charlton's _Whitby_, book +iii. pp. 290, 291. 313., and by the Gascoigne pedigree in Whitaker's +_Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 77. Thus we possess _legal and cotemporary_ +evidence who JANE, Countess of _Henry_, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland, +really was, without any authentic obstacle or unremoveable contradiction to +its reception, viz. that she was a _Cholmley_. + +But I conceive your correspondent's identification is _totally_ erroneous. +It is true he only puts an hypothesis on the subject; but this hypothesis +has no solid foundation. In the first place, Henry, fifth Earl of +Westmoreland, died in 1549; and all authorities seem to agree that his +first wife was Anne Manners, and his second Cholmley's daughter. Thus, if +either of his countesses were living in 1585, it must have been the +_latter_, by which means all chance of appropriation is removed from +Manners to Cholmley. But I shall now give reasons for contending that +neither of these ladies was your correspondent's Countess of Westmoreland, +by referring him (2ndly) to Longmate's _Collins's Peerage_, vol. i. p. 96., +where he will find that _Jane_, daughter of Henry Howard, the talented and +accomplished Earl of Surry, married Charles Neville, _sixth_ Earl of +Westmoreland. He has evidently passed her over, through seeing her called +_Anne_ in the Neville pedigrees: "Anne" and "Jane" being often mutually +misread in old writing, from the cross upon the initial letter of the last +name. + +I offer it to your correspondent's consideration, whether his "Jane, +Countess of Westmoreland," was not wife of the said Charles Neville, +_sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted 18 Eliz. (1575-6). His date +is evidently most favourable to this view. It is true the attainder stands +in the way; but if even this affords an obstacle, the next candidate for +appropriation would be Jane _Cholmley_. Assuming, however, that your +correspondent allows this lady as a candidate for the appropriation, her +pedigree corroborates the claim. I have found, by long and minute +observation, that hereditary talent, &c. usually descends by the _mesmeric_ +{269} tie of affection and favoritism, from fathers to the eldest daughter, +and from mothers to the eldest son; and the pedigree of _Jane_, Countess of +Charles, _sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, stands thus:-- + + EDWARD STAFFORD, Duke of Buckingham; great, + good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to envy.== + | + ---------------------------------- + | + _1st Dau._ ELIZABETH, wife of Thomas Howard, third + Duke of Norfolk. == + | + --- + | + _1st Son._ HENRY HOWARD, Earl of Surry, the poet; + great, good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to + envy == as physical heir of his mat. grandfather. + | + ------- + | + _1st Dau._ JANE, wife of Charles Neville, sixth Earl of + Westmoreland (and qu. the authoress in question?). + +Besides being eldest daughter of the celebrated poet, the said Jane, +Countess of Westmoreland, was sister of Henry Howard, the learned Earl of +Northampton, her father's younger son--(some younger son, like eldest +daughters, generally inheriting, physically, in some prominent feature, +from the father). + +WILLIAM D'OYLY BAYLEY. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. iii., pp. 60. 191.).--In addition to the information +supplied by MR. FOSS, it may be mentioned that this manuscript is so called +from having been referred to by Griesbach as the _Codex Ulmensis apud +Gerbert_. This takes us to the _Iter Alemannicum, Italicum et Gallicum_ of +Martin Gerbert, published in 1765, at p. 192. of which work he informs us, +that in the year 1760 this manuscript was preserved at Ulm in the library +of the family of Krafft, which consisted of 6000 volumes, printed and +manuscript. Of its history from this period till it came into Bishop +Butler's hands, I am ignorant. Its reference at present in the British +Museum is _MSS. Add._ 11,852. + +[mu]. + +_Father Maximilian Hell_ (Vol. iii., p. 167.).--A querist is in conscience +bound to be a respondent; I therefore hasten to tell you that Dr. Watt +(_Biblioth. Britan._ iv. MAGNETISM, ANIMAL) should have written _Hell_ +instead of _Hehl_. It was that eminent astronomer, Maximilian _Hell_, who +supposed that magnets affected the human frame, and, at first, approved of +Mesmer's views. The latter was at Vienna in 1774; and perhaps got some +parts of his theory from Father Hell, of whom he was afterwards jealous, +and therefore very abusive. The life of Hell in Dr. Aikin's _General +Biography_ is an unsatisfactory compilation drawn up by Mr. W. Johnston, to +whom we are indebted for the current barbarism _so-called_. In that account +there is not one word on Hell's _Treatise on Arti__ficial Magnets_, Vienna, +1763; in which the germ of animal magnetism may probably be found. + +ENGASTRIMYTHUS. + +_Meaning of "strained" as used by Shakspeare_ (Vol. iii., p. 185.).--The +context of the passage quoted by L. S. explains the sense in which +Shakspeare used the word "strain'd:" + + "_Portia._ Then _must_ the Jew be merciful. + _Shylock._ On what _compulsion_ must I? tell me that. + _Portia._ The quality of mercy is not strain'd," &c. + +that is, there is nothing forced, nothing of compulsion in the quality of +mercy. + +Johnson gives: "To strain, to force, to constrain." + +Q. D. + +L. S. will find his difficulty solved by Johnson's Dictionary (a work to +which he himself refers), if he compares the following quotation with +Portia's reply to Shylock:-- + + "He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth + Is forced and strained," &c. + +EGDUF. + + [We have also to thank, for replying to this Query, our correspondents + R. F., R. T. G. H., P. K., J. H. KERSHAW, C. M., Y., E. N. W., C. D. + LAMONT, and also MR. SNOW, who remarks that "actresses rarely commence + this speech satisfactorily, or give, or seem to feel, the point of + contrast between the _must_ and _no must_, the _compulsion_ and _no + compulsion_. In fact, the whole of it is usually mouthed out, without + much reference to Shylock or the play, as if it had been learned by + rote from a school speech-book. Hazlitt says, in his _Characters of + Shakspeare's Plays_, 'The speech about mercy is very well, but there + are a thousand finer ones in Shakspeare.'"] + +_Headings of Chapters in English Bibles_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--The +summaries of the contents of each chapter, as found in the authorised +editions of our English Bible, were prefixed by Miles Smith, bishop of +Gloucester, one of the original translators, who also wrote the preface, +and, in conjunction with Bishop Bilson, finally reviewed the whole work. +Your correspondent will find full answers to his other queries in +Stackhouse and Tomlins; in Johnson's _History of English Translations_, +&c.; and in T. H. Horne's _Introduction_. + +COWGILL. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The author of _The History of the Church of Rome to the end of the +Episcopate of Damasus_, A.D. 384, which has just been published by Messrs. +Longman, well remarks, "that he is not aware that there is any account of +the Church of Rome, framed on the simple and obvious principle of merely +collecting and arranging the testimony of history with regard to facts, and +so presented to the reader as that he should leave a right to believe that +when he has read what is before him, he {270} has learnt all that is to +known. This is strange, considering the points at issue, and the extent, +duration, and intensity of the controversies which have been carried on +between that Church and the rest of Christendom." It is indeed strange, and +it happens fortunately, looking at the all-important question which now +agitates the public mind, that the subject should have engaged for some +years the attention of a learned, acute, and laborious scholar like Mr. +Shepherd, so that he is enabled to put forth the result of his inquiries +upon this interesting topic at this moment. Mr. Shepherd's book is indeed a +startling one: and when we tell our readers that he "has proved, or, to say +the least, has given such indications as will lead to the proof that some +documents which have been quoted as authorities in the History of the Early +Christian Church, are neither genuine nor authentic;" that he has pretty +well resolved St. Cyprian into a purely mythic personage; and shown that +all the letters in his works passed between imagined or imaginary +correspondents,--we think we are justified in pronouncing his _History of +the Church of Rome_ a work calculated to excite the deepest interest in all +who peruse it (and by the omission of all long quotations in the learned +languages, it is adapted for the perusal of all), to exercise great +influence on the public mind, and to awaken a host of endeavours to combat +and overthrow arguments which appear to us, however, to be irresistible. + +The Council of the Shakspeare Society has just issued to the members the +first volume for the present year. It contains _Two Historical Plays on the +Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by Thomas Heywood_, which are very ably +edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Mr. Collier; and we have no +doubt will be very acceptable; first, from the interest of the plays +themselves, the second of which appears to have been extremely popular; +and, lastly, as a further instalment towards a complete collection of +Heywood's dramatic works. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Tuesday and Wednesday next a +valuable portion of the Library of a gentleman, including the late Charles +Mathews' copy of the Second Shakspeare; a valuable series of works on +Annuities, &c.; and another on the History and Antiquities of London. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Supplement on the Doctrine and Discipline of the Greek +Church._ We characterised Mr. Appleyard's interesting little volume, +entitled, _The Greek Church_, as historical rather than doctrinal. The +title of this Supplement shows that it expressly supplies the very material +in which the original work was deficient.--_Archæologia Cambrensis, New +Series, No. VI._ A very good number of this record of the Antiquities of +Wales and its Marches, and in which are commenced two series of papers of +great interest to the Principality: one on the Architectural Antiquities of +Monmouthshire, by Mr. Freeman; the other on the Poems of Taliessin, by Mr. +Stephens. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--W. Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part 52. of +Valuable Second-hand Books, Ancient and Modern;--Cole's (15. Great +Turnstile, Holborn) List No. 33. of very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 27. of Antiquarian, +Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; Charles Skeet's +(21. King William Street, Strand) List No. 2. of Miscellaneous Books just +purchased. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + WOOD'S ATHENÆ, by Bliss. Vol. 3. 4to. + + DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. Vols. 2. and 4. 4to. + + NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES. Vol. 4. 8vo. 1812. + + MEDE'S WORKS, by Worthington. 1664. Fol. Vol. 1. + + DODD'S CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 2. Fol. edition. + + WARBURTON'S (BISHOP) WORKS. 4to. edition. Vol. 1. + + A MIRROR FOR MATHEMATICS, by Robert Tanner, Gent. London, 1587. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We are reluctantly compelled, by want of room, to postpone until next +week_ MR. SINGER'S _Paper on a passage in Shakspeare's_ Anthony and +Cleopatra; _one by_ MR. DAWSON TURNER _on the Authors of the Rolliad; and +many other interesting communications._ + +CROMWELL'S DEVLINGS WITH THE DEVIL. S. H. H. _is thanked for the curious +MS. he has forwarded upon this subject, which shall appear next week, when +the original shall be carefully returned. We should be glad to see the +other paper referred to by_ S. H. H. + +A. L. _is thanked. The only reason for the non-appearance of any of his +communications is, that they were not sent_ separately, _and we have not +had time to make a selection. We take this opportunity of again begging +correspondents who write to us on several subjects to oblige us by writing +on separate papers; and_ (_which does not refer to_ A. L.) _by writing_ +plainly, _more particularly_ proper names _and_ quotations. + +K. R. H. M. _Received._ + +NOCAB _has our very best thanks for his kind letter, and his endeavours to +increase our circulation. We are endeavouring to arrange for a permanent +enlargement of our paper, and propose shortly to make use of_ NOCAB'S +_communication and valuable hint._ + +SING'S _reminder, that Saturday last, the 29th of March, was "the centenary +anniversary of the death of Captain Coram, the worthy founder of the +Foundling," reached us too late for us to call attention to it._ + +MR. A. J. DUNKIN'S _communication on the subject of his proposed_ Monumenta +Anglicana _shall have our early attention._ + +KERRIENSIS _is thanked for several interesting communications of which we +propose to make an early use._ + +_Will_ L. M. M. R. _send his address? The book he wants has been reported +to the publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Mathew's Med. Passage--San Grail--Nettle in. &c.--The +Tanthony--Treatise by Engelbert--Circulation of the Blood--Sir A. +Chadwick--Rowley Powley--Langholme Fair--Epitaph on a Turncoat--Gig +Hill--Damasked Linen--Endeavour--Meaning of Strained--Rack--Daughter of +James II.--Snail-eating--Munchausen's Travels--Mitre, &c.--Cloven +Tongues--"Going the whole hog"--Expression in Milton--Haybands in +Seals--King John at Lincoln--Handbell--Vineyards--Mazer Wood._ + +VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price +9s. 6d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c. are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + +_Errata._--P. 236, Col. 2. l. 26, for _Hanse town_ read _hamlet_; p. 238, +col. 1. l. 27, for "_cr_atus" read "_n_atus"; p. 217, col. 1. l. 29. for +"Cou_n_t" read "Cou_r_t"; p. 250, col. 1. l. 4, for "_T_edley" read +"_S_edley," col. 2. l. 23, for "tant_us_" read "tant_as_." + +{271} + + * * * * * + + +On the 31st of March was commenced the Publication of a + +NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY, + +In Monthly Volumes, each containing Three Hundred and Twenty Pages, and +from Thirty to a Hundred Engravings, + +Price Half-a-Crown, Beautifully Bound. + + * * * * * + +The Age in which we live is essentially of a _practical_ character, and the +predominant principle influencing all classes is a marked desire for +_cheapness_. Cheapness, however, is too often found without excellence, and +hence this proposition to supply a deficiency at present existing in the +popular literature of this country. + +For some time past the projectors of the present undertaking have felt +interested in watching the result of an experiment simultaneously made by +the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Book Trades; and, having seen that cheap, +and occasionally indifferent literature, "got up" in a most inferior +manner, _will sell_, they feel assured that good and judiciously selected +works, having the additional advantage of COPIOUS ILLUSTRATION, being +produced with the utmost attention to general excellence, and published at +the moderate price fixed upon, cannot fail to secure extensive patronage +from the Reading Public. The principle upon which they can undertake to +supply good books at a low rate is, that being themselves the _actual +producers_, they are enabled to save the public the expense of all +_intermediate profit_. + +As a practical explanation of the above views, THREE SAMPLE VOLUMES of the +"NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY" were published on the 31st of March. It will +be observed that these volumes are widely different in character, in order +that the public may form some idea of the extent and variety of the series +generally. Afterwards, one volume will be issued monthly. Each volume will +contain at least 320 crown octavo pages, illustrated according to the +requirements of the subject-matter, by from 30 to 100 illustrations, and +will be _strongly bound_ in ornamental cloth boards. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23402] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 257 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page257"></a>{257}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3> + +<hr class="full" > + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 75.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 5. 1851.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Two Chancellors, by Edward Foss</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page257">257</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page258">258</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Folk Lore:—Cure of Hooping Cough—Charms from + Devonshire—Lent Lilies—Oak Webs, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page258">258</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Threnodia Carolina of Sir Thomas Herbert, by Bolton Corney</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page259">259</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Notes:—Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis—Moorfields + in Charles II.'s Time—Derivation of Yankee—A Word to + Literary Men</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page260">260</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poems of John Seguard of Norwich, by Sir F. Madden</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page261">261</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page262">262</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Queries:—The Vellum-bound Junius—What is a + Tye?—"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout"—Arms of Robert + Nelson—Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York —Moore's + Almanack—Archbishop Loftus—Matrix of Monastic + Seal—Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon— Villiers Duke of + Buckingham—Porci solidi-pedes— The Heywood + Family—Was Charles II. ever in Wales?—Dog's Head in the + Pot—"Poor Alinda's growing old"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page262">262</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries Answered</span>:—Who was the + Author of "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?—William Penn's Family + —Deal, Dover, and Harwich—Author of Broad Stone of + Honour—Pope Joan—The Well o' the World's End—Sides + and Angles—Meaning of Ratche —"Feast of Reason," + &c.—Tu autem</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page264">264</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Barons of Hugh Lupus</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page266">266</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page266">266</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lady Jane of Westmoreland</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page268">268</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Replies to Minor Queries:—Ulm Manuscript—Father + Maximilian Hell—Meaning of "strained" as used by + Shakspeare—Headings of Chapters in English Bibles</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page270">270</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page270">270</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page271">271</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>TWO CHANCELLORS.</h3> + + <p>Although neither your readers nor I are politicians enough to + interfere in the changes proposed with reference to the office of Lord + Chancellor, I doubt not that some of them, now the subject is on the + <i>tapis</i>, may feel interested in a fact connected with it, which our + ancient records disclose: namely, that on one occasion there were <i>two + chancellors</i> acting at the same time for several months together, and + both regularly appointed by the king.</p> + + <p>It is an unique instance, occurring in the reign of Edward IV.: the + two chancellors being Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, and John + Alcock, Bishop of Rochester. The former received the Great Seal in May, + 1474, in the fourteenth year of the reign, and without any doubt + continued chancellor till the king's death; and yet, from April to + September in the following year, the latter was also addressed by the + same title. During that interval of five months, there are numerous writs + of Privy Seal addressed by the king to both, in which each of them is + styled "our chancellor."</p> + + <p>This curious circumstance may be thus accounted for. King Edward had + for some time been contemplating an invasion of France; and when his + preparations were completed (about April), as he required his chancellor, + Bishop Rotheram, to attend him on the expedition, it became necessary to + provide some competent person to transact the business of the Chancery in + his absence. On previous occasions of this nature, it had been usual to + place the seal that was used in England, when the king was abroad, in the + hands of the Master of the Rolls, or some other master in Chancery, with + the title of Keeper: but, for some unexplained reason (perhaps because + Bishop Alcock was a man whom the king delighted to honour), this prelate + was dignified with the superior designation, although Bishop Rotheram + still retained it. The voyage being delayed from April to July, during + the whole of that period, each being in England, both acted in the same + character; Privy Seals, as I have said, being sent to both, and bills in + Chancery being addressed also to Bishop Alcock as chancellor. Rotheram + was with the king in France as his chancellor, and is so described on + opening the negotiation in August, which led to the discreditable peace + by which Edward made himself a pensioner to the French king. No Privy + Seals were addressed to Alcock after September 28; which may therefore be + considered the close of this double chancellorship, and the date of + Bishop Rotheram's return to England.</p> + + <p>Who knows whether the discovery of this ancient authority may not + suggest to our legislators the division of the title between two + possessors <!-- Page 258 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page258"></a>{258}</span>with distinct duties, in the same manner + that two chief justices were substituted in the reign of Henry III. for + one chief justiciary?</p> + + <p>The immediate interest of this fact has prompted me to anticipate its + appearance in the volumes of my work, which you have been kind enough to + announce as being in the press.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. III.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Now flieth Venus in to Ciclinius tour.</p> + <p> * * * * * *</p> + <p class="hg3">"Alas, and there hath she no socour,</p> + <p>For she ne found ne sey no maner wight.</p> + <p> * * * * * *</p> + <p class="hg3">"Wherefore her selven for to hide and save,</p> + <p>Within the gate she fledde in to a cave.</p> + <p> * * * * * *</p> + <p class="hg3">"Now God helpe sely Venus alone,</p> + <p>But as God wold it happed for to be,</p> + <p>That while the weping Venus made her mone,</p> + <p>Ciclinius riding in his chirachee,</p> + <p><i>Fro Venus Valanus might this palais see;</i></p> + <p>And Venus he salveth and maketh chere,</p> + <p>And her receiveth as his frende full dere."</p> + <p class="i6"><i>Complaint of Mars and Venus.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Having in my last communication (Vol. iii., p. 235.) shown cause for + the alteration in the foregoing quotation of Ciclinius into Cyllenius, I + shall now endeavour to interpret the line in Italics, which in its + present shape is utterly without meaning.</p> + + <p>Whatever word <i>Valanus</i> may be supposed to represent, whether a + proper or a common name, still the construction of the whole line is + evidently corrupt.</p> + + <p>Taking Valanus, in the first place, as a proper name, the most + probable original would be <span class="sc">Valens</span>; for the + connexion of which with Mercury we must refer to Cicero (<i>De Nat. + Deor.</i> iii. 22.), where mention is made of it in these + words:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Alter (Mercurius) <i>Valentis</i> et Phoronidis filius, is qui sub + terris habetur idem Trophonius."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Here the identification with Trophonius strikes us at once as + affording a clue to <span class="scac">THE CAVE</span> into which Venus + fled, giving great probability to Valens as the true solution of + Chaucer's meaning.</p> + + <p>But if we receive it as such, the following hypothesis becomes + necessary, viz., that Chaucer imagined a <i>double impersonation</i> of + Mercury—one absent, the other present,—one sidereal, the + other mythological,—one Cyllenius, the other Valens.</p> + + <p>When Venus first enters Mercury's "palais," she "<i>ne found ne sey no + maner wight</i>." This signifies the absence from home of + <i>Cyllenius</i>, who was abroad upon "his chirachee" in attendance upon + the Sun; and here again is an instance of the nice astronomical accuracy + of Chaucer. It was impossible that the <i>planet</i> Mercury could be in + the sign Gemini, because his greatest elongation, or apparent distance + from the sun, does not exceed 29 degrees; so that the Sun having but just + entered Taurus, Mercury could not be in Gemini. Neither could Venus see + Valens (the other impersonation of Mercury), because of his concealment + in the cave; but when she entered the cave, then she was welcomed and + received by him.</p> + + <p>Now, to render the text conformable with this interpretation, some + alteration in the construction is necessary, as indeed it must be in any + attempt to render the passage intelligible.</p> + + <p>Taking, away the word "Fro," and transposing "might" to the other side + of "Valanus," the lines would stand thus,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4hg3">"—— it happed for to be</p> + <p>That, while the weping Venus made her mone,</p> + <p>(Cyllenius riding in his chirachee)</p> + <p>Venus might Valens in this palais see;</p> + <p>And Venus he salveth and maketh chere</p> + <p>And her receiveth as his frende full dere!"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>On the other supposition of "Valanus" being a common name, to which a + capital letter has been prefixed in mistake, then the only word for which + it would appear to be a probable substitution would be "Vallum," in the + sense of a border or rampart; but the application would be so far-fetched + that I shall not attempt it, especially as I look upon the explanation + afforded by "Valens" as most probably the true one.</p> + + <p class="author">A. E. B. + + <p>Leeds, March 20. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Cure of Hooping Cough.</i>—There is a superstition in + Cheshire that hooping cough may be cured by holding a toad for a few + moments with its head within the mouth of the person affected. I heard + only the other day of a cure by this somewhat disagreeable process; the + toad was said to have caught the disease, which in this instance proved + fatal to it in a few hours.</p> + + <p class="author">A. H. H. + + <p><i>Charms from Devonshire.</i>—The following charms were + obtained from an old woman in this parish, though probably they are all + known to you already:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>(<i>a.</i>) <i>For a Scald or Burn.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There were three angels came from The East and West,</p> + <p>One brought fire and another brought frost,</p> + <p>And the third it was the Holy Ghost.</p> + <p>Out fire, in frost, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>(<i>b.</i>) <i>For a Sprain.</i></p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"As our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was riding into + Jerusalem, His horse tripped and sprained his leg. Our Blessed Lord and + Saviour blessed it, and said,</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Bone to bone, and vein to vein,</p> + <p>O vein, turn to thy rest again!'</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>M. N. so shall thine, in the Name," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 259 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page259"></a>{259}</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>(<i>c.</i>) <i>For stopping Blood.</i></p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Our Blessed Saviour was born in Bethlehem and baptized in the river + Jordan.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'The Waters were wild and rude.</p> + <p>The child Jesus was meek, mild, and good.'</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>He put His foot into the waters, and the waters stopped, and so shall + thy blood, in the Name," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>(<i>d.</i>) <i>For the Tooth-ache.</i></p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"All glory! all glory! all glory! be to the Father, and to the Son, + and to the Holy Ghost.</p> + + <p>"As our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was walking in the garden of + Gethsamene, He saw Peter weeping. He called him unto Him, and said, Peter + why, weepest thou? Peter answered and said, Lord, I am grievously + tormented with pain, the pain of my tooth. Our Lord answered and said, If + thou wilt believe in Me, and My words abide with thee, thou shalt never + feel any more pain in thy tooth. Peter said, Lord, I believe, help Thou + my unbelief. In the Name, &c.</p> + + <p>"God grant M. N. ease from the pain in his teeth."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>(<i>e.</i>) <i>For Fits.</i>—Go into a church at midnight and + walk three times round the communion table. This was done in this parish + a few years since.</p> + + <p>(<i>f.</i>) An inhabitant of this parish told me that his father went + into Lydford Church, at twelve o'clock at night, and cut off some lead + from every diamond pane in the windows with which he made a heart, to be + worn by his wife afflicted with "<i>breastills</i>," i.e. <i>sore + breasts</i>.</p> + + <p>(<i>g.</i>) The skin cast by a snake is very useful in extracting + thorns, &c. from the body, but, unlike I other remedies, it is + repellent, not attractive; hence it must always be applied on the + opposite side to that on which the thorn entered. In some cases where the + skin has been applied on the same side, it has forced the thorn + completely through the hand.</p> + + <p><i>Lent Lilies.—Oak Webs, &c.</i>—In this part of + Cornwall, the native yellow narcissus, known in most counties, and in the + books, as <i>daffodils</i> (the "Daffy Down Dilly" of your correspondent, + Vol. iii. p. 220.), are called only by the name of <i>Lent lilies</i>, or + simply <i>Lents</i>, and are commonly sold by the poor children, + frequently in exchange for <i>pins</i>. The pleasing name reminds one of + Michaelmas Daisy (<i>Chrysanthemum</i>), Christmas rose (<i>Helleborus + niger</i>), and the beautiful pasque flower (<i>Anemone + pulsatilla</i>).</p> + + <p>The common beetle called cockchafer is here known only as the + <i>oak-web</i>, and a smaller beetle as <i>fern-web</i>. It seems hard to + guess why they should be named <i>web</i> (which in Anglo-Saxon means + <i>weaver</i>), as they do not, I think, form any cocoon.</p> + + <p class="author">H. G. T. + + <p>Launceston.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>THE THRENODIA CAROLINA OF SIR THO. HERBERT.</h3> + + <p>The <i>Threnodia Carolina</i> of sir Thomas Herbert is a jewel of + historical composition, and I am persuaded that a new edition of it, if + formed on a collation of the best manuscripts, and illustrated by + extracts from the principal historians of the same period, would not only + be received by the public with thanks, but with expressions of surprise + that so rare a treasure should have been suffered to remain in such + comparative obscurity.</p> + + <p>There are four manuscripts of the work in public libraries, two of + which I am enabled to describe.</p> + + <p>1. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 7396.</p> + + <p>This Ms. is in folio. The preliminary leaves have the notes marked 1, + 2, 3—the second being in the handwriting of sir William Dugdale. + The narrative occupies thirty-six pages, with interlinear corrections and + additions. This Ms. does not contain the words <i>This brief + narrative</i>, &c. nor the letter dated the 3d Nov. 1681.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"THRENODIA CAROLINA."</span></p> + + <p>(1) "This book contains S<sup>r</sup> Tho. Herberts memoirs being the + original in his own hand sent to S<sup>r</sup> W<sup>m</sup> Dugdale in + 1678."</p> + + <p>(2) "A true and perfect narrative of the most remarkable passages + relating to king Charles the first of blessed memory, written by the + proper land of S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert baronet, who attended upon + his ma<sup>tie</sup> from Newcastle upon Tine, when he was sold by the + Scotts, during the whole time of his greatest afflictions, till his death + and buriall; w<sup>ch</sup> was sent to me S<sup>r</sup> Will<sup>m</sup> + Dugdale knight, garter principall king of armes, in Michaellmasse Terme + a<sup>o</sup>. 1678, by the said S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert, from + Yorke, where he resideth."</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"VERITAS ODIUM PARIT."</span></p> + + <p>(3) "Court passages in the two last yeares of the raigne of king + Charles the first, during y<sup>e</sup> time of his affliction."</p> + + <p>2. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 4705.</p> + + <p>This Ms. is in small folio. It was formerly in the possession of Peter + le Neve, norroy. A preliminary leaf has the subjoined attestation by sir + William Dugdale. The narrative is much more ample and circumstantial than + in the former Ms., but it is not all in the handwriting of sir Thomas + Herbert. The letter dated 3 November 1681, and the relations of + Huntington, Cooke, and Firebrace, are added in the handwriting of + Dugdale; also, the names of persons who corresponded with Charles I. + while he was a prisoner in the Isle of Wight. The passages transcribed by + the <span class="sc">Rev. Alfred Gatty</span> appear in this + Ms.—also in the edition of 1702. The edition of 1813 is a + <i>verbatim</i> reprint of the first and second articles of that of 1702. + It was edited by Mr. George Nicol.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"CAROLINA THRENODIA."</span></p> + + <p>"This booke containeth a large answer to a short letter sent by + S<sup>r</sup> Will<sup>m</sup> Dugdale kn<sup>t</sup> (garter; principall + king of armes) unto S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert baronet, <!-- Page 260 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page260"></a>{260}</span>residing in + the citty of Yorke. By w<sup>ch</sup> letter he did desire the sayd + S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert to informe him of such materiall passages, + as he had observed touching the late king Charles the first (of blessed + memory) during the time that he the sayd S<sup>r</sup> Thomas did attend + him in person; B<sup>t</sup> for the two last yeares of his afflicted + life."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The other Mss. alluded to are preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at + Oxford. The most important is No. 1141., which is minutely described in + the admirable catalogue compiled by Mr. Black. A transcript of the + <i>Threnodia Carolina</i> by Ant. à Wood, also in the Ashmolean Museum, + is recorded by Huddesford.</p> + + <p>As there were two <i>recensions</i> of the narrative, I have added a + specimen of each of the Harleian Mss., which may serve as a clue to the + nature of other copies, whether in public libraries, or in private + hands.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Lords ordered a girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters to + be cutt in Lead and putt about the Coffin. being onely these wordes</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">King Charles</span><br /> +1648.</p> + + <p>The kings body was then brought from the chamber to Saint Georges + hall. whence after a Little pause, it was w<sup>th</sup> a slow pase + & much sorrow carrye'd by those gentlemen that were in mourninge: the + Lords in blacks following the royall Corpes & many gentlemen after + them, and their attendants."—<span class="sc">Threnodia + Carolina</span>, p. 36. Harleian MS. 7396.</p> + + <p>"The girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters in Lead putt about + the Coffin had onely these words.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">King-Charles.</span><br /> +1648.</p> + + <p>The Kings body was then brought from his Bed-chamber, downe into + S<sup>t</sup> Georges-hall; whence after a little stay, itt was with a + slow and solemn pace (much sorrow in most faces discernable) carryed by + gentlemen that were of some quallity and in mourning. the Lords in like + habitts followed the Royall Corps. the Governor, and severall gentlemen, + and officers, and attendants came after."—<span class="sc">Carolina + Threnodia</span>, p. 80. Harleian MS. 4705.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bolton Corney.</span> + + <p><i>Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs of Charles I.</i>—The question + suggested by <span class="sc">Mr. Gatty's</span> first note upon this + subject was one of some importance, viz., whether the original MS. in the + possession of his friend contained anything of Sir Thomas Herbert's not + hitherto published? There is no doubt that the "Memoir of the two last + years of King Charles I." was written by Sir Thomas Herbert, after his + retirement to his native city of York, at the request of the author of + the <i>Athenæ Oxonienses</i>, who made use of nearly the whole of it in + compiling that great work, adapting different portions to his + biographical notices of the persons to whom they principally related. The + notices of Colonel Joyce and Colonel Cobbet are chiefly composed of + extracts from Herbert's Memoir; whilst under the name of Herbert himself + not more than about one-third of his own communication will be found.</p> + + <p>The first edition of the <i>Athenæ</i> was not published until 1691, + several years after Sir Thomas Herbert's death; and the memoir in a + complete form, with the title of <i>Threnodia Carolina</i>, did not + appear until the year 1702, when it was published by Dr. Charles Goodall, + physician to the Charter House, together with other tracts relating to + Charles I. This is doubtless the volume described by <span class="sc">Mr. + Bolton Corney</span> (vol. iii., p. 157.), who will, I hope, favour your + readers with the information requested by <span class="sc">Mr. + Gatty</span> (p. 222.).</p> + + <p>The Memoir, as published in 1813 by G. and W. Nicol, Booksellers, Pall + Mall, professes to be a faithful reprint of the former edition of 1702. + The commencing and concluding paragraphs in this reprint are precisely + the same as those transcribed by <span class="sc">Mr. Gatty's</span> + friend from the MS. in his possession. His idea, that an incorrect copy + of his MS. was improperly obtained, and published in 1813, seems to be + without foundation.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">Δ</span>. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis.</i>—The following extract from + an advertisement in the <i>St. James's Chronicle</i>, April 15, 1779, is + worth a note as illustrative of the altered value of the book referred + to:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"If any person is possessed of an impression of Shakspeare's <i>Venus + and Adonis</i>, 4to. Printed by Richard Field for John Harrison, 1593, + and will bring it to Mr. Thomas Longman, bookseller, in Paternoster Row, + he will receive one guinea for it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Malone gave 25<i>l.</i> for the copy in his collection in the + Bodleian.</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. M. + + <p><i>Moorfields in Charles II.'s Time.</i>—I copy this from <i>The + New Help to Discourse</i>, published about 1670:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Two gentlemen of Stepney going homewards over Moor-fields, about + twelve of the clock at night, were staid by an impertinent constable with + many frivolous questions, more by half to show his office than his wit; + one whereof was, If they were not afraid to go home at that time of the + night? They answered, 'No.' 'Well,' said he, 'I shall let you pass at + this time; but if you should be knockt on the lead before you get home, + you cannot but report that there was a good watch kept in + Moor-fields."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen</span>. + + <p><i>Yankee, Derivation of.</i>—The word <i>Yankee</i> is nothing + more than the word <i>English</i> so transformed by the imperfect + pronunciation of the natives of Massachusets—<i>Yenghis</i>, + <i>Yanghis</i>, <i>Yankies</i>. The orthography of this much-used + epithet, which is not given, we believe, in any English or American work, + was communicated to M. Philarète <!-- Page 261 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page261"></a>{261}</span>Charles by one of the + best-informed men of that province.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Le mot Yankee, appliqué aujourd'hui comme sobriquet aux populations + agricoles et commerçantes du nord, n'est autre que le mot <i>English</i> + transformé par la prononciation défectueuse des indigènes du + Massachusets: <i>Yenghis</i>, <i>Yanghis</i>, <i>Yankies</i>. Nous tenons + de l'un des hommes les plus instruit de la province cette curieuse + étymologie, que ne donne aucun ouvrage americain ou anglais. Les Anglais, + quand ils se moquent des <i>Yankies</i>, se moquent + d'eux-mèmes."—Philarète Charles, "Les Americains," in <i>Revue des + Deux Mondes</i>, May 15, 1850.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. M. + + <p><i>A Word to Literary Men</i> (Vol. iii., p. 161.).—Perhaps + <span class="sc">Mr. Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie</span> will allow me to add + the following as a <i>rider</i> to his suggestion:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Even after all the labours of the Prussian scholars," says Dr. + Arnold, "much remains to be done towards obtaining a complete knowledge + of the number, and still more of the value, of the Greek MSS. now + existing in Europe. It is not easy to know how many MSS. of any given + writer are extant, where they are to be found, and, above all, whether + from their age and character they are worth the trouble of an exact + collation. A labour of this kind cannot be accomplished by individuals; + but the present spirit of liberal co-operation, which seems to influence + literary as well as scientific men throughout Europe, renders its + accomplishment by the combined exertions of the scholars of different + countries by no meals impracticable. It would be exceedingly convenient + to possess an alphabetical list of all the extant Greek and Latin + writers, with a <i>catalogue raisonnée</i> of the MSS. of each; and if + such a work were attempted, there is little doubt, I imagine, that in + point of number a very large addition would be made to the stock of MSS. + already known. What the result might be in point of value is another + question; still it is desirable to know what we have to trust to; and + when we have obtained a right estimate of our existing resources in + manuscripts, we shall then be better able to judge what modern criticism + will have to do from its own means towards bringing the text of the + ancient writers to the greatest possible state of + perfection."—Preface to <i>Thucydides</i>, vol. iii. page iv. 2d + edit.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">M. N. + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>POEMS OF JOHN SEGUARD OF NORWICH.</h3> + + <p>In the <i>Letters on the British Museum</i>, 1767 (referred to Vol. + iii., p. 208.), at p. 33. is given a short Latin poem, which the writer + states he "found among the manuscripts;" and adds, "It was written by + John Seward in the time of Henry V., who conquered Charles VI. of + France." The poem is as follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ite per extremam Tanaim, pigrosque Triones,</p> + <p>Ite per arentem Lybiam, superate calores</p> + <p>Solis, et arcanos Nili deprendite fontes,</p> + <p>Herculeumque sinum, Bacchi transcurrite metas,</p> + <p>Angli juris erit quicquid complectitur orbis.</p> + <p>Anglis rubra dabunt pretiosas æquora conchas,</p> + <p>Indus ebur, ramos Panchaia, vellera Seres,</p> + <p>Dum viget Henricus, dum noster vivit Achilles;</p> + <p>Est etenim laudes longe transgressus avitas."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>If these lines are compared with the contemporary Leonine verses in + praise of Henry V., preserved in MS. Cott. Cleop. B. i. f. 173. + beginning:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ad Salvatoris laudes, titulos et honores."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>their great superiority, in point of Latinity, will be perceived, and + this Query forthwith arises: Who was John Seward?</p> + + <p>In reply to this, the following information has been collected. The + name of the author was not <i>Seward</i>, but <i>Seguard</i>. He is not + mentioned by Leland, but Bale calls him "insignis sui temporis rhetor ac + poeta;" and states further, that in the city of Norwich, "non sine magno + auditorum fructu, bonas artes ingenue profitebatur." He then gives a list + of his writings, among which is a work on Prosody, entitled + <i>Metristenchiridion</i>, addressed to Richard Courtney, Bishop of + Norwich, who held the see only from Sept. 1413 to Sept. 1415, and + therefore composed during that interval. He notices also a tract <i>De + miseria hominis</i>, together with <i>Carmina diversi generis</i> and + <i>Epistolæ ad diversos</i>; all of which, he says, he himself saw in + manuscripts in Merton College, Oxford, and in the Royal Library of Edward + VI. Pits, the next authority in point of date, chiefly follows Bale in + his account of John Seguard; but adds, "Equestris ordinis in Anglia patre + natus," and among his writings inserts one not specified by Bale, <i>De + laudibus Regis Henrici Quinti, versu</i>. Tanner copies the first of + these statements, yet, singular enough, omits all notice of the poem on + Henry V., the very one, apparently, cited in the <i>Letters on the + British Museum</i>. But there are further difficulties. It was natural to + suppose, that the MS. seen by Bale in the Royal Library would be there + still; and Tanner unhesitatingly refers to the volume marked 15 A. xxii. + art. 5., as the one which contained the poem <i>De miseria hominis</i>, + noted by Bale. On looking, however, at this manuscript, it became + apparent that both Bale and Tanner are in error in ascribing this poem to + Seguard. The handwriting is of the early part of the thirteenth century, + and consequently full a century and a half before the Norwich poet was + born! At the conclusion is this note, by the same hand:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Hos versus, sicut nobis quidam veridicus retulit, Segardus junior de + Sancto Audomaro composuit."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The writer here named is not mentioned in Fabricius, nor in the + <i>Histoire Littéraire de la France</i>. Besides the MS. in Merton + College, Oxford, referred to by Bale, which still exists there under the + signature Q. 3. 1., I find another in Bernard's <i>Catt.</i> <!-- Page + 262 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page262"></a>{262}</span><i>MSS. + Angliæ</i>, 1697, vol. ii. p. 216., among the manuscripts of Sir Henry + Langley of Shropshire, "No. 22. Jo. Segnard [<i>read</i> Seguard] + Poemata." I would therefore close these remarks by requesting attention + to the following Queries:—</p> + + <p>1. As Blomefield is silent on the subject, is anything more known + respecting the biography of John Seguard?</p> + + <p>2. Can a list be obtained of the contents of the Merton + manuscript?</p> + + <p>3. What became of the Langley MS., and where is it at present?</p> + + <p>4. In what manuscript of the British Museum is the poem on Henry V. + contained?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Madden</span>. + + <p>P.S. Since I wrote the above, I have found in the Sale Catalogue of + the Towneley library, 1814, pt. i. lot 396.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Seguardi Opuscula.</i> Manuscript on vellum. This volume contains + several treatises not mentioned by Bale or Pits."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It was purchased by Mr. Laing for 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> May I, + therefore, add one more Query?</p> + + <p>5. Can the present owner of this MS. (which is probably the same as + the Langley copy) furnish a note of its contents?</p> + + <p class="author">F. M. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>EPITAPH ON THE COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE.</h3> + + <p>Who was the writer of the oft-quoted lines,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Underneath this marble (sable) hearse," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>intended, as all know, for an epitaph on Mary Sidney, afterwards + Countess of Pembroke, but not inscribed upon any monumental stone? They + are almost universally attributed to Ben Jonson, and are included amongst + his poems. But this is not conclusive evidence, as we also there find the + epitaph on Drayton, which was written by Quarles. In Aubrey's MS. + <i>Memoires of Naturall Remarques in Wilts</i>, these verses are said to + have been "made by Mr. Williā. Browne, who wrote the Pastoralls, + and they are inserted there." Mr. Britton, in his <i>Life of Aubrey</i> + (p. 96.), adds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is essential to observe, that Aubrey is not alone in stating them + to be by Browne; for, in his note upon the subject, he left a blank for + the latter's Christian name, 'William,' which was filled up by Evelyn + when he perused the manuscript. Indeed, Evelyn added as a further note, + '<i>William</i>, Governor to the now Earl of Oxford.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>But these lines are not to be found in Browne's <i>Pastorals</i>. In + book ii., song 4., there is an epitaph, but which bears little + resemblance to the one in question. It concludes with the following + conceit:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"If to the grave there ever was assign'd</p> + <p>One like this nymph in body and in minde,</p> + <p>We wish here in balme, not vainely spent,</p> + <p>To fit this maiden with a monument,</p> + <p>For brass, and marble, were they seated here,</p> + <p>Would fret, or melt in tears, to lye so near."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Addison, in <i>The Spectator</i>, No. 323., speaks of this epitaph as + "written by an uncertain author." This was not more than seventy-five or + eighty years after Jonson's death. In the lives of the Sidneys, and in + Ballard's <i>Memoirs of Celebrated Ladies</i> (1752), no author is + mentioned; but the latter speaks of the epitaph as likely to be more + lasting than marble or brass. To the six lines which generally stand + alone, the following are added in the two last-mentioned works:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Marble pyles let no man raise,</p> + <p>To her name, for after daies,</p> + <p>Some kind woman, born as she,</p> + <p>Reading this like Niobe,</p> + <p>Shall turn marble, and become,</p> + <p>Both her mourner and her tomb."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>These are also given by Brydges in his <i>Peers Of James II.</i>, but + they are not in Jonson's works. Did they originally form part of the + epitaph, or are they the production of another and later author?</p> + + <p>That this epitaph should be attributed to Jonson, may possibly have + arisen from the following lines being confounded with it. Jacob, in his + <i>English Poets</i>, says—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"To show that Ben was famous at <i>epigram</i>, I need only transcribe + the epitaph he wrote on the Lady Elizabeth L. H.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Underneath this stone doth lie</p> + <p>As much virtue as could die,</p> + <p>Which when alive did harbour give</p> + <p>To as much beauty as could live.</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. H. M. + + <p>Bath.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>The Vellum-bound Junius.</i>—Mr. Cramp, in his late + publication, <i>Junius and his Works</i>, conjectures that the printer + having bound a copy of <i>Junius</i> for and under the direction of the + writer of the letters, followed the pattern in the binding of other + copies; and this, he says, "will account for similar copies having been + found in the libraries of so many persons, which from time to time has + occasioned so much speculation." With Mr. Cramp's conjecture I do not + concern myself; but I should be much obliged if he would inform me, + through your Journal, in what libraries, and where, these many + vellum-bound copies have been found, and where I can find the + speculations to which they have given rise.</p> + + <p class="author">V. B. + + <p><i>The Vellum-bound Junius.</i>—Some years ago, on reading the + private letters of Junius, addressed to H. S. Woodfall, and printed by G. + Woodfall, 1812, I was particularly struck by those of No. 58. and 59., + wherein he states a desire to have one set of his letters (which were + published 3d March, 1772, by Woodfall) <i>bound in vellum</i>.</p> + + <p>Constantly bearing in mind the fact of the vellum copy, I invariably + examined all the book <!-- Page 263 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page263"></a>{263}</span>catalogues that came in my way for it. At + last the long-wished-for object appeared in the Stowe sale, and I + immediately gave my agent instruction to purchase the book for me, and he + might offer as much as 10<i>l.</i>: he bid 8<i>l.</i>, and then it was + intimated that it was no use to go on; that fifty guineas would not + purchase it, or any other sum.</p> + + <p>Query, Has this volume been in any other sale? if not, it certainly + connects the Buckingham family with Junius, though it does not prove the + author.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. D. Haggard.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The Stowe copy of Junius, it appears, was bought by Mr. Rodd for + 9<i>l.</i>, no doubt upon commission.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>What is a "Tye?"</i>—In Essex, many parishes have a place + called "the tye," which I believe is always an out-lying place where + three roads meet. In an old map I have seen one place now called "Tye" + written "Dei." Is it where a cross once stood, and Tye a corruption of + Dei? Forby, in his <i>East Anglian Vocabulary</i>, mentions it, but + cannot make it out.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Holt White.</span> + + <p><i>"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout."</i>—In D'Israeli's + <i>Curiosities of Literature</i>, Moxon's edition, in 1 vol. p. 118., or + ed. edited by his son, vol. i. p. 363., under the head "A Literary Wife," + are the lines—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Marriage is such a rabble rout,</p> + <p>That those that are out, would fain get in;</p> + <p>And those that are in, would fain get out:"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>quoted from Chaucer. I have heard these lines quoted as being from + <i>Hudibras</i>: as I cannot trace them in my editions of Chaucer of + Butler, perhaps some of your readers can tell me where I can find + them?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. Wmson.</span> + + <p><i>Arms of Robert Nelson.</i>—Can any of the numerous readers + and correspondents of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" + describe the <i>armorial bearings</i> of <i>Robert Nelson, Esq.</i>, the + author of the <i>Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of + England</i>? He was buried in the burying-ground in Lamb's Conduit + Fields, January, 1714.</p> + + <p class="author">G. F. + + <p><i>Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York.</i>—Query, whereabouts in the + county of York is this place? I believe that one of the above is the way + of spelling, but at any rate they have the same sound.</p> + + <p class="author">J. N. C. + + <p><i>Moore's Almanack.</i>—Can any of your correspondents inform + me as to the history of <i>Moore's Almanack</i>?</p> + + <p>What is the date of its first appearance? Was Francis Moore a real + personage, or merely a myth?</p> + + <p class="author">H. P. W. + + <p>Temple.</p> + + <p><i>Archbishop Loftus.</i>—I shall be deeply obliged to any of + your correspondents who will inform me whether, and <i>where</i>, any + diary or private memoranda are known to exist of Adam Loftus, who was + Archbishop of Dublin nearly forty years, from 1567 to 1605, Lord + Chancellor of Ireland, and the first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin. + He was an ancestor of the Viscount Loftus, and of the Marquess of + Ely.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Cotton.</span> + + <p>Thurles, Ireland, March 20.</p> + + <p><i>Matrix of Monastic Seal.</i>—A brass matrix has fallen into + my hands of a period certainly not much anterior to the Revolution. + Device, the Virgin and Child, their heads surrounded with nimbi; the + former holds in her right hand three lilies, the latter a globe and + cross. The legend is:</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"* SIG<span class="over">IL</span> . MON . <span class="over">B</span> . <span class="over">M</span> . DE . PRATO . ALIAS . DE . BONO . NVNCIO."</span></p> + + <p>In the field, a shield charged with three lions passant. Can any + correspondent aid me in assigning it rightly? There was an Abbey of St. + Mary de Pratis at Leicester (Vide <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, vol. xciii. p. 9.); + and there is a church dedicated to "St. Mary in the Marsh at Norwich." In + a recent advertisement I find a notice of Scipio Ricci, Bishop of Pistoia + and Prato, so that the appellation is not very uncommon.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span> + + <p><i>Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon.</i>—What edition of the + Peschito-Syriac version of the Old and New Testaments, respectively, is + considered the best? Also, what Syriac Lexicon stands highest for value + and accuracy?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Tn.</span> + + <p><i>Villiers Duke of Buckingham.</i>—There is a tradition in + Portsmouth, that in the evening preceding his assassination, Villiers + Duke of Buckingham killed a sailor. Is there any authority for this?</p> + + <p class="author">E. D. + + <p><i>Porci solidi-pedes.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me if + any pigs with single hoofs are in existence in any county in England? + They are mentioned in a letter from Sir Thomas Browne to Dugdale the + antiquary.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. P. (a Subscriber). + + <p><i>The Heywood Family.</i>—I am anxious to know if Thomas + Heywood, the dramatist, was in any way related to Nathaniel Heywood or + Oliver Heywood, the celebrated Nonconformist ministers in the seventeenth + century? Could any of your correspondents give me information on this + point?</p> + + <p class="author">H. A. B. + + <p>Trin. Coll. Camb.</p> + + <p><i>Was Charles II. ever in Wales?</i>—There is a tradition + amongst the inhabitants of Glamorganshire, that, after his defeat at the + battle of Worcester, Charles come to Wales and staid a night at a place + called Llancaiach Vawr, in the parish of Gelligaer. The place then + belonged to a Colonel Pritchard, an officer in the Parliamentary army; + and the story relates that he made himself known to his host, and threw + himself upon his generosity for safety. The colonel assented to his + staying for <!-- Page 264 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page264"></a>{264}</span><i>one</i> night only, but went away + himself, afraid, as the story goes, that the Parliament should come to + know he had succoured Charles. I know that Llancaiach was a place of + considerable note long after that, and that an old farmer used to say he + had heard tile story from his father. The historians, I believe, are all + silent as to his having fled to Wales between the time of his defeat at + Worcester and the time he left the country.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Davydd Gam.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Some accounts state that Charles I. was entertained by Colonel + Prichard, when that monarch, travelling through Wales, lost his way + between Tredegar and Brecknock. (See Lewis's <i>Topographical Dictionary + of Wales</i>, art. "Gellygaer.")]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Dog's Head in the Pot.</i>—"Thomas Johnson, Citizen and + Haberdasher of London, by will, dated 3d Sept. 1563, gave 13<i>s.</i> + 4<i>d.</i> annually to the highways between Barkway and + Dogshed-in-the-Pot, otherwise called Horemayd."</p> + + <p>The Dogshed-in-the-Pot here mentioned was, as I infer, a public-house + in the parish of Great or Little Hormead in Hertfordshire, by the side of + the road from Barkway to London. In Akerman's <i>Tradesmen's Tokens + current in London</i> I find one (numbered 1442) of the + "Dogg's-Head-in-the-Potte" in Old Street, having the device of a dog + eating out of a pot; and the token of Oliver Wallis, in Red Cross Street + (No. 1610., <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1667), has the device of a dog + eating out of a three-legged pot. In April, 1850, Hayward Brothers (late + R. Henly and Co.), wholesale and manufacturing builders ironmongers, 196. + Blackfriars Road, and 117. and 118. Union Street, Borough, London (who + state their business to have been established 1783), put forth an + advertisement headed with a woodcut of a dog eating out of a three-legged + pot.</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers elucidate this sign of the "Dog's-head-in-the + Pot?"</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span> + + <p>Cambridge, May 24. 1850.</p> + + <p><i>"Poor Allinda's growing old."</i>—Charles II., to vex the + Duchess of Cleveland, caused Will Legge to sing to her—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Poor Allinda's growing old,</p> + <p>Those charms are now no more."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>(See Lord Dartmouth's note in <i>Burnet</i>, vol. i. p. 458. ed. + 1823.) Let me ask, through "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," + Dr. Rimbault, Mr. Chappell, or any readers, where are these verses to be + found?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. Cunningham.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Minor Queries Answered.</h2> + + <p><i>Who was the Author of "The Modest Enquiry, + &c."?</i>—There is an anonymous tract, entitled <i>A Modest + Enquiry, &c.</i>, (4to. London, 1687), on the question of St. Peter's + ever having been at Rome: proving, in so far as a negative in the case + can be proved, in the most logical, full, clear, and satisfactory manner, + that—<i>He never was at Rome</i>; and <i>never was, either + nominally or otherwise, Bishop</i> <i>of the Church there</i>: and + showing the grounds for the contrary assertion to be altogether baseless + and untrue; being a tissue of self-contradicting forgeries and frauds, + invented long subsequently to the time, evidently for the sole purpose of + justifying the Papal pretensions of succession and derivation from the + Apostle; as those, and all its other claims, are founded alone upon that + fact, and must stand or fall with it.</p> + + <p>The inquiry is conducted throughout with evidence of great + acquaintance with Scripture and much theological learning (though the + writer states himself to be a layman), without the least undue + pretension, and with the most perfect temperateness and impartiality. The + work would seem now well worth reprinting in a cheap and popular + form.</p> + + <p>Who was the author?</p> + + <p class="author">M. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[In Francis Peck's <i>Catalogue of Discourses in the Time of King + James II.</i>, No. 226., the name of <span class="sc">Henry Care</span> + is given as the author. A list of his other works may be found in Watt's + <i>Bibliotheca</i>.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>William Penn's Family.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + inform me to whom his eldest surviving son (William) was married, and + also to whom the children of the said son were married, as well as those + of his daughter Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any? This son and + daughter were William Penn's children by his first marriage with Miss + Springett.</p> + + <p class="author">A. U. C. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[William Penn, eldest son (of William Penn by Miss Springett), had two + children, Gulielma Maria, married to Charles Fell, and William Penn of + the Rocks in Sussex, who by his first wife, Christian Forbes, had a + daughter and heir, married to Peter Gaskell. Mrs. Aubrey was living in + 1718. Our correspondent may also be referred to Mr. Hepworth Dixon's + recently published <i>William Penn, an Historical Biography</i>.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Deal, Dover, and Harwich.</i>—Where do the following lines + come from?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Deal, Dover, and Harwich,</p> + <p>The devil gave with his daughter in marriage;</p> + <p>And, by a codicil to his will,</p> + <p>He added Helvoet and the Brill."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">J. H. L. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Francis Grose, in his <i>Collection of Proverbs</i>, speaks of them + as "A satirical squib thrown at the innkeepers of those places, in return + for the many impositions practised on travellers, as well natives as + strangers. Equally applicable to most other sea-ports."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Author of Broad Stone of Honour.</i>—Who is the author of the + <i>Broad Stone of Honour</i>, of which mention is made in the <i>Guesses + at Truth</i>, 1st series, p. 230., &c., and in the <i>Ages of + Faith</i>, p. 236., works of some interest in reference to the Papal + discussions which are raging at present?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nemo.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Kenelm M. Digby is the author of the <i>Broad Stone of + Honour</i>.]</p> + +</div> + +<p><!-- Page 265 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page265"></a>{265}</span></p> + + <p><i>Pope Joan.</i>—Can any information be procured as to the + origin of the game called Pope Joan, and (what is of more importance) of + the above title, whether any such personage ever held the keys of St + Peter and wore the tiara? If so, at what period and for what time, and + what is known of her personal history?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nemo.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[That <i>Papissa Joanna</i> is merely a fictitious character, is now + universally acknowledged by the best authorities. "Clearer confirmations + must be drawn for the history of Pope Joan, who succeeded Leo IV. and + preceded Benedict III., than many we yet discover, and he wants not + grounds that doubts it." So thought Sir Thomas Browne, in his <i>Vulgar + Errors</i>, B. vii. Ch. 17. Gibbon, too, rejects it as fabulous. "Till + the Reformation," he says, "the tale was repeated and believed without + offence, and Joan's female statue long occupied her place among the Popes + in the Cathedral of Sienna. She has been annihilated by two learned + Protestants, Blondel and Bayle; but their brethren were scandalized by + this equitable and generous criticism. Spanheim and L'Enfant attempted to + save this poor engine of controversy, and even Mosheim condescends to + cherish some doubt and suspicion."—<i>The Decline and Fall of the + Roman Empire</i>, chap. xlix. Spanheim's work, <i>Joanna Papissa + Restituta</i>, was printed at Leyden in 1692.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>The Well o' the World's End.</i>—I am very anxious to find + out, whether there still exists in print (or if it is known to any one + now alive) an old Scotch fairy tale called "The Weary Well at the World's + End?" Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., who is unhappily dead lately, + knew the story and meant to write it down; but he became too infirm to do + so, and though many very old people in the hilly districts of Lammermoor + and Roxburghshire remember parts of it, and knew it in their youth, I + cannot find one who knows it entirely.</p> + + <p class="author">L. M. M. R. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Some references to the story alluded to by our correspondent will be + found in Dr. Leyden's valuable introduction to <i>The Complaynt of + Scotland</i>; and the story itself in Chambers's admirable collection of + Scottish Folk Lore, <i>Popular Rhymes of Scotland</i>, p. 236. of the + third edition, which form vol. vii. of the <i>Select Writings of Robert + Chambers</i>.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Sides and Angles.</i>—What is the most simple and least + complicated method of determining the various relations of the sides and + angles of the acute and obtuse-angled triangles, without the aid of + trigonometry, construction, or, in fact, by any method except + arithmetic?</p> + + <p class="author">F. G. F. + + <p>St. Andrew's.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The relations of sides and angles cannot be obtained without + trigonometry in some shape. A very easy work has lately been published by + Mr. Hemming, in which there is as little as possible of technical + trigonometry.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Meaning of Ratche.</i>—In John Frith's <i>Antithesis</i>, + published in 1529, he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The pope and bishops hunt the wild deer, the fox, and the hare, in + their closed parks, with great cries, and horns blowing, with hounds and + <i>ratches</i> running."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I should be glad to have the word <i>ratches</i> satisfactorily + explained.</p> + + <p class="author">H. W. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[From a note by Steevens on the line in <i>King Lear</i> (Boswell's + <i>Shakspeare</i>, vol. x. p. 155.), it appears that the late Mr. + Hawkins, in his notes to <i>The Return from Parnassus</i>, p. 237., says, + "That a <i>rache</i> is a dog that hunts by scent wild beasts, birds, and + even fishes, and that the female of it is called a <i>brache</i>:" and in + <i>Magnificence</i>, an ancient Interlude of Morality, by Skelton, + printed by Rastell, no date, is the following line:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Here is a leyshe of ratches to renne an hare."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In a following note, Mr. Tollet, after saying "What is here said of a + <i>rache</i>, might, perhaps, be taken from Holinshed's <i>Description of + Scotland</i>, p. 14.," proceeds, "The females of all dogs were once + called <i>braches</i>; and Ulitius upon Gratius observes, 'Racha + Saxonibus canem significabat unde Scoti hodie <i>Rache</i> pro cane + fœmina habent, quod Anglis est <i>Brache</i>.'"]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>"Feast of Reason," &c.</i>—Seeing your correspondents ask + where couplets are to be found, I venture to ask whence comes the + line—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The feast of reason and the flow of soul."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I have often heard it asked, but never answered.</p> + + <p class="author">H. W. D. + +<div class="note"> + <p>[It will be found in Pope's <i>Imitations of Horace</i>, Book ii. + Satire i.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl</p> + <p>The feast of reason and the flow of soul."]</p> + </div> + </div> +</div> + + <p><i>Tu Autem.</i>—In page 25. of "Hertfordshire," in Fuller's + <i>Worthies</i>, there is a story of one Alexander Nequam, who, wishing + to become a monk of St. Alban's, wrote thus to the abbot thereof:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Si vis, veniam. Sin autem, tu autem."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To which the abbot replied:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Si bonus sis, venias. Si Nequam, nequaquam."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your readers inform me of the meaning of "tu autem" in the + first line? as I have been long puzzled.</p> + + <p>This puts me in mind of a form which there was at Ch. Ch., Oxford, on + "gaudy" days. Some junior students went to the "high table" to say a + Latin grace, and when they had finished it, they were dismissed by the + Dean saying "Tu autem;" on which, I remember, there was invariably a + smile pervading the faces of those present, even that of the Dean + himself, as no one seemed to know the meaning of the phrase. I believe + that it was in my time an enigma to all. Can any of your ingenious + readers solve me this?</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K. + + <p>——Rectory, Hereford.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Pegge in his <i>Anonymiana</i>, Cent. iv. Sect. 32. says, "At St. + John's College, Cambridge, a scholar, in my time, read some part of a + chapter in a Latin Bible; and after he had read a short time, the + President, or <!-- Page 266 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page266"></a>{266}</span>the Fellow that sat in his place cried, + <i>Tu autem</i>. Some have been at a loss for the meaning of this; but it + is the beginning of the suffrage, which was supposed to follow the + reading of the Scripture, which the reading scholar was to continue by + saying <i>Miserere mei, Domine</i>. But at last it came to mean no more + than to be a cue to the reader to desist or give over."]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., pp. 87. 189.)</p> + + <p>The inquiry of P., in p. 87., seems to indicate an impression that all + the witnesses to the charter of Hugh Lupus to Chester Abbey were barons + of the Palatinate, but only a few of them were such, the rest being of + England generally.</p> + + <p>The original barons of the Palatinate were clearly distinguishable by + possession of privileges confirmed to them by a well-known charter of + Earl Ranulph III.; and all the Norman founders of their baronies will be + found, under Cestrescire, in Domesday, as tenants in capite, from the + Earl Palatine, of lordships within the lyme of his county.</p> + + <p><i>Bigod de Loges</i> (one of the subjects of P.'s inquiry) will not + bear this test, unless he was identical with Bigot, Norman lord of the + manors afterwards comprised in Aldford Fee, which is not known to have + been the case. For this last-named Bigot, whose lands descended through + the Alfords to Arderne, reference may be made to the <i>History of + Cheshire</i>, <span class="scac">I.</span> xxix., <span + class="scac">II.</span> 411.</p> + + <p><i>William Malbanc</i>, the other subject of inquiry, who has eluded + M. J. T.'s searches, is easily identified. He was the Norman baron of + Nantwich, the Willelmus Malbedeng of the <i>Domesday Survey</i> (vol. i. + p. 265. col. 2.), and the name is also written thus in the copy of H. + Lupus's charter referred to, which was ratified under inspection by + Guncelyn de Badlesmere, Justiciary of Chester in 8 Edw. I.</p> + + <p>The charter, with Badlesmere's attestation prefixed, will be found in + Leycester's <i>Cheshire Antiquities</i>, p. 109., and in Ormerod's + <i>Hist. of Cheshire</i>, vol. i. p. 12. In the latter work, in vol. + iii., the inquirer will also find an account of William Malbedeng or + Malbanc, his estates, his descendant coheirs, and their several + subdivisions, extending from p. 217. to p. 222., under the proper head of + Nantwich or <i>Wich Malbanc</i>, a still existing Palatine barony.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Lancastriensis.</span> + + <p>Your correspondent M. J. T. says it appears from—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>The MS. Catalogue</i> of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, + that Robert and Roger de Loges possessed lordships in the districts of + Coutances in Normandy."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Will he be so good as to say what <i>MS. Catalogue</i> he refers to? + He seems to speak of <i>the MS.</i> <i>Catalogue</i> of Norman nobility + as if it were some well-known public and authentic record.</p> + + <p class="author">Q. G. + +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>EDMUND PRIDEAUX AND THE FIRST POST-OFFICE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 186.)</p> + + <p>In a recent number of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" + (which, by the way, I have only recently become acquainted with) I saw + the Queries of your correspondent G. P. P. upon the above subject, and + having some time ago had occasion to investigate it, I accumulated a mass + of notes from various sources,—and these I send you, rough and + unpolished as they are, in the hope that in the absence of better + information, they may prove to be acceptable.</p> + + <p>Herodotus (viii. 98.) mentions the existence of a method of + communication among the Persians, by means of horsemen placed at certain + distances.</p> + + <p>In the Close and Misæ Rolls (<i>temp. King John et post</i>) payments + are recorded for nuncii who were charged with the carriage of + letters.</p> + + <p>In 1481, Edward IV., during his war with Scotland, established horse + riders at <i>posts</i> twenty miles apart, by which letters were conveyed + two hundred miles in two days (Gale's <i>Hist. Croyland</i>); and the + Scottish Parliament issued an ordinance for facilitating the expedition + of couriers throughout the kingdom. Carriers of letters also existed in + England about this time, for in a letter from Sir J. Paston, written in + 1471, we are informed that "Courby, the carrier, hath had 40<i>d.</i> for + the third hired horse," for a journey from Norwich to London and back. + (Fenn's <i>Paston Letters</i>, 4to. vol. v. p. 73.)</p> + + <p>In 1542, letters reached Edinburgh on the fourth day from their + despatch from London. (Sadler's <i>Letters and Negociations</i>.)</p> + + <p>In 1548, the rate to be charged for post-horse hire was fixed by + statute (2 & 3 Edw. VI. cap. 3.) at one penny per mile.</p> + + <p>In 1581 (according to Camden), Thomas Randolph was appointed the first + Chief Postmaster of all England.</p> + + <p>James I. established (date unknown) the office of Foreign Postmaster, + which was first held by Mathewe le Questor.</p> + + <p>In 1631, Charles I. appointed William Frizell and Thomas Witherings + (in reversion) to the sole management of the foreign post-office. And at + this date it seems a regular home post was also carried on, as appears by + the following entry from the Corporation Books of Great + Yarmouth:—"1631. Agreed, June 6, with the Postmaster of Ipswich to + have Quarterly 20<i>s.</i> paid him for carrying and bringing letters to + and from London to Yarmouth for the vse of the Towne."</p> + + <p>In 1635, Charles I. issued a proclamation for the establishment of "a + running post or two, to <!-- Page 267 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page267"></a>{267}</span>run night and day between Edinburgh and + Scotland and the City of London, to go thither and come back again in six + days:" branch posts were also to be established with all the principal + towns on the road: the rates of postage were fixed at 2<i>d.</i> under 80 + miles; 4<i>d.</i> for 140 miles; 6<i>d.</i> beyond; and 8<i>d.</i> to + Scotland. This is conclusive evidence that a regular post-office + establishment existed nearly ten years <i>before Prideaux had anything to + do with the post-office</i>.</p> + + <p>In 1640, a proclamation was issued by the Long Parliament, by which + the offices of Foreign and Inland Postmaster (then held by Witherings) + were sequestrated into the hands of one Philip Burlamachy, a city + merchant. Soon after this we find a Committee of the Commons, with + "Master Edmund Prideaux" for chairman, inquiring into the matter.</p> + + <p>In 1644, a resolution of the Commons declared that "Edmund Prideaux, + Esq., a member of the House," was "constituted master of the posts, + messengers, and couriers."</p> + + <p>In 1649 Prideaux established a weekly conveyance to every part of the + kingdom; and also appears to have introduced other judicious reforms and + improvements,—indeed he seems to have been the Rowland Hill of + those days; but he has not the slightest claim to be considered as the + "Inventor of the Post-office." The mistake may have arisen from a + misapprehension of the following statement frown Blackstone: "Prideaux + first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all parts of the + nation, <i>thereby saving to the public the charge of maintaining + postmasters</i>, to the amount of 7000<i>l.</i> per annum."</p> + + <p>I have not been able to obtain any particulars of Prideaux's personal + history.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mercurii.</span> + + <p>Jememutha Magna.</p> + + <p><i>Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office.</i>—See the + Appendix to the Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Commons on + the Detaining and Opening of Letters at the Post-Office, 1844, which + contains copies of numerous documents furnished by Mr. Lechmere and Sir + Francis Palgrave.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We avail ourselves of this opportunity of inserting the following + extract from Mr. Rowland Hill's <i>Post-Office Reform; its Importance and + Practicability</i>, p. 86. of the third edition, published in 1837, as it + shows clearly the use which Mr. Rowland Hill made of the story in his + great work of Postage Reform; and that Miss Martineau had clearly no + authority for fathering the story in question upon that + gentleman:—</p> + + <p>"Coleridge tells a story which shows how much the Post-office is open + to fraud, in consequence of the option as to pre-payment which now + exists. The story is as follows:—</p> + + <p>'One day, when I had not a shilling which I could spare, I was passing + by a cottage not far from Keswick, where a letter-carrier was demanding a + shilling for a letter, which the woman of the house appeared unwilling to + pay, and at last declined to take. I paid the postage, and when the man + was out of sight, she told me that the letter was from her son, who took + that means of letting her know that he was well; the letter was <i>not to + be paid for</i>. It was then opened and found to be blank!'<a + name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p> + + <p>"This trick is so obvious a one that in all probability it is + extensively practised."]</p> + +</div> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p><i>Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S. T. Coleridge</i>, + vol. ii. p. 114.</p> + +</div> + <p>The quotations of your correspondent G. P. P., from Polwhele's + <i>Cornwall</i>, relate to the same individual, and a more general + construction must, I think, be put upon the expression "our countryman," + than that it inferred a native of the county. The family of Prideaux was + one of great antiquity, and originated in Cornwall (their first seat + being at Prideaux Castle there), and had estates there in the time of the + above Edmund. His father, Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton (the first + baronet), studied the law in the Inner Temple, where he became very + eminent for his skill and learning. He is stated to have raised a large + estate in the counties of Devon and Cornwall. He married * * *; + secondly, Catherine, daughter of Piers Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe, + Esq., by whom he had two sons, Sir Peter his successor, and Edmund, the + subject of your correspondent's Queries, who is thus described in + Prince's <i>Worthies of Devon</i>, p. 509.:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This gentleman was bred to the law, and of so great a reputation, as + well for zeal to religion as skill in the law, it is not strange he was + chosen a Member of that which was called the Long Parliament, wherein he + became a very leading man; for, striking in with the prevailing party of + those times (though he never joined with them in setting upon the life of + his Sovereign), he grew up to great wealth and dignity. He was made + Commissioner of the Great Seal [1643. Rushworth, vol. iii. p. 242.], + worth 1500<i>l.</i> a-year and by ordinance of Parliament practised + within the bar as one of the king's counsel, worth 5000<i>l.</i> per + annum. After that he was Attorney General, <i>worth what he pleased to + make it</i> [!!], and then <i>Postmaster General</i> ... from all which + rich employments he acquired a great estate, and among other things + purchased the <i>Abbey of Ford</i>, lying in the Parish of Thorncombe, in + Devonshire, where he built a noble new house out of the ruins of the + old," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Prideaux cannot be called the inventor of the Post-office, although to + him may be attributed the extension of the system. The first inland + letter office, which, however, extended to some of the principal roads + only, was established by Charles I. in 1635, under the direction of + Thomas Witherings, who was superseded in 1640. On the breaking out of the + civil war, great confusion was occasioned in the conduct of the office, + and about that time Prideaux's plan seems to have been conceived. <!-- + Page 268 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page268"></a>{268}</span>He + was chairman of a committee in 1642 for considering the rates upon inland + letters; and afterwards (1644) appointed Postmaster, in the execution of + which office he first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all + parts of the nation. Prior to this, letters were sent by special + messengers, or postmasters, whose duty it was to supply relays of horses + at a certain mileage. (<i>Blackstone</i>, book i. c. 8. s. 3.)</p> + + <p>I am unable to discover when Edmund Prideaux died; but it appears that + either he, or one of his descendants, took part in the rising of the Duke + of Monmouth in the West of England, upon which occasion the "great + estate" was found of great service in providing a bribe for Lord + Jeffreys. In the Life of Lord Jeffreys, annexed to the <i>Western + Martyrology; or, Bloody Assizes</i> (5th ed. 266. London, 1705), it is + said that "A western gentleman's purchase came to fifteen or sixteen + hundred guineas, which my Lord Chancellor had." And Rapin, vol. ii. p. + 270., upon the authority of Echard, iii. p. 775., states that in 1685 one + Mr. Prideaux, of Ford Abbey, Somerset, gave Jeffreys 14000<i>l.</i> + [probably misprint for 1400<i>l.</i>] "to save his life."</p> + + <p>I think it likely that your correspondent may find further information + upon the subject of this note, in the <i>Life of Dr. Humphrey Prideaux, + Dean of Norwich</i> (born 1648, died 1724), published in 1748.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Colman.</span> + + <p>Eye, March 18. 1851.</p> + + <p>Polwhele was clearly wrong in designating Edmund Prideaux, the + Attorney-General, a Cornishman, as he belonged to the family long seated + in Devonshire, and was fourteenth in descent from Hickedon Prideaux, of + Orcharton, in that county, second son of Nicholas, lord of Prideaux, in + Cornwall, who died in 1169.</p> + + <p>The four Queries of G. P. P. may be more or less fully answered by + reference to Prince's <i>Worthies of Devon</i>, ed. 1810, p. 651.; and an + excellent history of the Post-office in the <i>Penny Magazine</i> for + 1834, p. 33.</p> + + <p>Is it too much to ask of your correspondent, who writes from Putney + under my initials, that he will be so good as to change his signature? I + think that I have strong reasons for the request, but I will only urge + that I was first in the field, under the designation which he has + adopted.<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + + <p class="author">J. D. S. + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>[Would J. D. S. No 1, and J. D. S. No. 2, add the final letter of + their respective names, <i>h n s y</i>, or whatever it may be, the + difficulty may probably be avoided. We have now so many correspondents + that coincidence of signature can scarcely be avoided.]</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" > + +<h3>LADY JANE OF WESTMORELAND.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. i., p. 103.; Vol. ii., p. 485.)</p> + + <p><i>Jane</i>, Countess of Henry Neville, <i>fifth</i> Earl of + Westmoreland, was daughter of <span class="sc">Sir Roger Cholmley</span>, + of Kinthorpe and Roxby, co. York. (<i>Vis. York. Harl. MS.</i> 1487. + <i>fol.</i> 354.) She is often confused with his other wife, Anne + Manners, and also with her own sister, Margaret Gascoigne, both in the + Neville and Cholmley pedigrees as <i>printed</i>. (Burke's <i>Extinct + Baronetage</i>, art. <i>Cholmley</i>, and <i>Extinct Peerage</i>, art. + <i>Neville</i>.) But while the Manners pedigree in Collins's + <i>Peerage</i> (by Longmate, vol. i. p. 433.), as cited by Q. D., removes + the former difficulty, that of Gascoigne is disposed of by the Cholmley + pedigree in Harl. MS. above quoted, as well as by that (though otherwise + very incorrect) in Charlton's <i>Whitby</i>, book iii. pp. 290, 291. + 313., and by the Gascoigne pedigree in Whitaker's <i>Richmondshire</i>, + vol. i. p. 77. Thus we possess <i>legal and cotemporary</i> evidence who + <span class="sc">Jane</span>, Countess of <i>Henry</i>, <i>fifth</i> Earl + of Westmoreland, really was, without any authentic obstacle or + unremoveable contradiction to its reception, viz. that she was a + <i>Cholmley</i>.</p> + + <p>But I conceive your correspondent's identification is <i>totally</i> + erroneous. It is true he only puts an hypothesis on the subject; but this + hypothesis has no solid foundation. In the first place, Henry, fifth Earl + of Westmoreland, died in 1549; and all authorities seem to agree that his + first wife was Anne Manners, and his second Cholmley's daughter. Thus, if + either of his countesses were living in 1585, it must have been the + <i>latter</i>, by which means all chance of appropriation is removed from + Manners to Cholmley. But I shall now give reasons for contending that + neither of these ladies was your correspondent's Countess of + Westmoreland, by referring him (2ndly) to Longmate's <i>Collins's + Peerage</i>, vol. i. p. 96., where he will find that <i>Jane</i>, + daughter of Henry Howard, the talented and accomplished Earl of Surry, + married Charles Neville, <i>sixth</i> Earl of Westmoreland. He has + evidently passed her over, through seeing her called <i>Anne</i> in the + Neville pedigrees: "Anne" and "Jane" being often mutually misread in old + writing, from the cross upon the initial letter of the last name.</p> + + <p>I offer it to your correspondent's consideration, whether his "Jane, + Countess of Westmoreland," was not wife of the said Charles Neville, + <i>sixth</i> Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted 18 Eliz. (1575-6). + His date is evidently most favourable to this view. It is true the + attainder stands in the way; but if even this affords an obstacle, the + next candidate for appropriation would be Jane <i>Cholmley</i>. Assuming, + however, that your correspondent allows this lady as a candidate for the + appropriation, her pedigree corroborates the claim. I have found, by long + and minute observation, that hereditary talent, &c. usually descends + by the <i>mesmeric</i> <!-- Page 269 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page269"></a>{269}</span>tie of affection and favoritism, from + fathers to the eldest daughter, and from mothers to the eldest son; and + the pedigree of <i>Jane</i>, Countess of Charles, <i>sixth</i> Earl of + Westmoreland, stands thus:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Edward Stafford</span>, Duke of Buckingham; great,</p> + <p>good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to envy.</p> + <p class="i2">=</p> + <p class="i2">|</p> + <p class="i2">|</p> + <p><i>1st Dau.</i> <span class="sc">Elizabeth</span>, wife of Thomas Howard, third</p> + <p>Duke of Norfolk.</p> + <p class="i2">=</p> + <p class="i2">|</p> + <p class="i2">|</p> + <p><i>1st Son.</i> <span class="sc">Henry Howard</span>, Earl of Surry, the poet;</p> + <p>great, good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to</p> + <p>envy</p> + <p class="i2">= as physical heir of his mat. grandfather.</p> + <p class="i2">|</p> + <p class="i2">|</p> + <p><i>1st Dau.</i> <span class="sc">Jane</span>, wife of Charles Neville, sixth Earl of</p> + <p>Westmoreland (and qu. the authoress in question?).</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Besides being eldest daughter of the celebrated poet, the said Jane, + Countess of Westmoreland, was sister of Henry Howard, the learned Earl of + Northampton, her father's younger son—(some younger son, like + eldest daughters, generally inheriting, physically, in some prominent + feature, from the father).</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William D'Oyly Bayley.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Ulm Manuscript</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 60. 191.).—In addition to + the information supplied by <span class="sc">Mr. Foss</span>, it may be + mentioned that this manuscript is so called from having been referred to + by Griesbach as the <i>Codex Ulmensis apud Gerbert</i>. This takes us to + the <i>Iter Alemannicum, Italicum et Gallicum</i> of Martin Gerbert, + published in 1765, at p. 192. of which work he informs us, that in the + year 1760 this manuscript was preserved at Ulm in the library of the + family of Krafft, which consisted of 6000 volumes, printed and + manuscript. Of its history from this period till it came into Bishop + Butler's hands, I am ignorant. Its reference at present in the British + Museum is <i>MSS. Add.</i> 11,852.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">μ</span>. + + <p><i>Father Maximilian Hell</i> (Vol. iii., p. 167.).—A querist is + in conscience bound to be a respondent; I therefore hasten to tell you + that Dr. Watt (<i>Biblioth. Britan.</i> iv. <span class="sc">Magnetism, + animal</span>) should have written <i>Hell</i> instead of <i>Hehl</i>. It + was that eminent astronomer, Maximilian <i>Hell</i>, who supposed that + magnets affected the human frame, and, at first, approved of Mesmer's + views. The latter was at Vienna in 1774; and perhaps got some parts of + his theory from Father Hell, of whom he was afterwards jealous, and + therefore very abusive. The life of Hell in Dr. Aikin's <i>General + Biography</i> is an unsatisfactory compilation drawn up by Mr. W. + Johnston, to whom we are indebted for the current barbarism + <i>so-called</i>. In that account there is not one word on Hell's + <i>Treatise on Artificial Magnets</i>, Vienna, 1763; in which the germ of + animal magnetism may probably be found.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Engastrimythus.</span> + + <p><i>Meaning of "strained" as used by Shakspeare</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 185.).—The context of the passage quoted by L. S. explains the + sense in which Shakspeare used the word "strain'd:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Portia.</i> Then <i>must</i> the Jew be merciful.</p> + <p><i>Shylock.</i> On what <i>compulsion</i> must I? tell me that.</p> + <p><i>Portia.</i> The quality of mercy is not strain'd," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>that is, there is nothing forced, nothing of compulsion in the quality + of mercy.</p> + + <p>Johnson gives: "To strain, to force, to constrain."</p> + + <p class="author">Q. D. + + <p>L. S. will find his difficulty solved by Johnson's Dictionary (a work + to which he himself refers), if he compares the following quotation with + Portia's reply to Shylock:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth</p> + <p>Is forced and strained," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Egduf.</span> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We have also to thank, for replying to this Query, our correspondents + R. F., R. T. G. H., P. K., <span class="sc">J. H. Kershaw</span>, C. M., + Y., E. N. W., <span class="sc">C. D. Lamont</span>, and also <span + class="sc">Mr. Snow</span>, who remarks that "actresses rarely commence + this speech satisfactorily, or give, or seem to feel, the point of + contrast between the <i>must</i> and <i>no must</i>, the + <i>compulsion</i> and <i>no compulsion</i>. In fact, the whole of it is + usually mouthed out, without much reference to Shylock or the play, as if + it had been learned by rote from a school speech-book. Hazlitt says, in + his <i>Characters of Shakspeare's Plays</i>, 'The speech about mercy is + very well, but there are a thousand finer ones in Shakspeare.'"]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Headings of Chapters in English Bibles</i> (Vol. iii., p. + 141.).—The summaries of the contents of each chapter, as found in + the authorised editions of our English Bible, were prefixed by Miles + Smith, bishop of Gloucester, one of the original translators, who also + wrote the preface, and, in conjunction with Bishop Bilson, finally + reviewed the whole work. Your correspondent will find full answers to his + other queries in Stackhouse and Tomlins; in Johnson's <i>History of + English Translations</i>, &c.; and in T. H. Horne's + <i>Introduction</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill.</span> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The author of <i>The History of the Church of Rome to the end of the + Episcopate of Damasus</i>, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 384, which has + just been published by Messrs. Longman, well remarks, "that he is not + aware that there is any account of the Church of Rome, framed on the + simple and obvious principle of merely collecting and arranging the + testimony of history with regard to facts, and so presented to the reader + as that he should leave a right to believe that when he has read what is + before him, he <!-- Page 270 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page270"></a>{270}</span>has learnt all that is to known. This is + strange, considering the points at issue, and the extent, duration, and + intensity of the controversies which have been carried on between that + Church and the rest of Christendom." It is indeed strange, and it happens + fortunately, looking at the all-important question which now agitates the + public mind, that the subject should have engaged for some years the + attention of a learned, acute, and laborious scholar like Mr. Shepherd, + so that he is enabled to put forth the result of his inquiries upon this + interesting topic at this moment. Mr. Shepherd's book is indeed a + startling one: and when we tell our readers that he "has proved, or, to + say the least, has given such indications as will lead to the proof that + some documents which have been quoted as authorities in the History of + the Early Christian Church, are neither genuine nor authentic;" that he + has pretty well resolved St. Cyprian into a purely mythic personage; and + shown that all the letters in his works passed between imagined or + imaginary correspondents,—we think we are justified in pronouncing + his <i>History of the Church of Rome</i> a work calculated to excite the + deepest interest in all who peruse it (and by the omission of all long + quotations in the learned languages, it is adapted for the perusal of + all), to exercise great influence on the public mind, and to awaken a + host of endeavours to combat and overthrow arguments which appear to us, + however, to be irresistible.</p> + + <p>The Council of the Shakspeare Society has just issued to the members + the first volume for the present year. It contains <i>Two Historical + Plays on the Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by Thomas Heywood</i>, + which are very ably edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Mr. + Collier; and we have no doubt will be very acceptable; first, from the + interest of the plays themselves, the second of which appears to have + been extremely popular; and, lastly, as a further instalment towards a + complete collection of Heywood's dramatic works.</p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Tuesday and Wednesday next + a valuable portion of the Library of a gentleman, including the late + Charles Mathews' copy of the Second Shakspeare; a valuable series of + works on Annuities, &c.; and another on the History and Antiquities + of London.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>—<i>Supplement on the + Doctrine and Discipline of the Greek Church.</i> We characterised Mr. + Appleyard's interesting little volume, entitled, <i>The Greek Church</i>, + as historical rather than doctrinal. The title of this Supplement shows + that it expressly supplies the very material in which the original work + was deficient.—<i>Archæologia Cambrensis, New Series, No. VI.</i> A + very good number of this record of the Antiquities of Wales and its + Marches, and in which are commenced two series of papers of great + interest to the Principality: one on the Architectural Antiquities of + Monmouthshire, by Mr. Freeman; the other on the Poems of Taliessin, by + Mr. Stephens.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received.</span>—W. Brown's (46. + High Holborn) Catalogue Part 52. of Valuable Second-hand Books, Ancient + and Modern;—Cole's (15. Great Turnstile, Holborn) List No. 33. of + very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) + Catalogue No. 27. of Antiquarian, Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and + Topographical Books; Charles Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand) + List No. 2. of Miscellaneous Books just purchased.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Wood's Athenæ</span>, by Bliss. Vol. 3. 4to.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities.</span> Vols. 2. and 4. 4to.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Nichols' Literary Anecdotes.</span> Vol. 4. 8vo. 1812.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Mede's Works</span>, by Worthington. 1664. Fol. Vol. 1.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Dodd's Catholic Church History.</span> Vol. 2. Fol. edition.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Warburton's (Bishop) Works.</span> 4to. edition. Vol. 1.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">A Mirror for Mathematics</span>, by Robert Tanner, Gent. London, 1587.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p><i>We are reluctantly compelled, by want of room, to postpone until + next week</i> <span class="sc">Mr. Singer's</span> <i>Paper on a passage + in Shakspeare's</i> Anthony and Cleopatra; <i>one by</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner</span> <i>on the Authors of the Rolliad; and + many other interesting communications.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Cromwell's Devlings with the Devil.</span> S. H. H. + <i>is thanked for the curious MS. he has forwarded upon this subject, + which shall appear next week, when the original shall be carefully + returned. We should be glad to see the other paper referred to by</i> + S. H. H.</p> + + <p>A. L. <i>is thanked. The only reason for the non-appearance of any of + his communications is, that they were not sent</i> separately, <i>and we + have not had time to make a selection. We take this opportunity of again + begging correspondents who write to us on several subjects to oblige us + by writing on separate papers; and</i> (<i>which does not refer to</i> + A. L.) <i>by writing</i> plainly, <i>more particularly</i> proper names + <i>and</i> quotations.</p> + + <p>K. R. H. M. <i>Received.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Nocab</span> <i>has our very best thanks for his kind + letter, and his endeavours to increase our circulation. We are + endeavouring to arrange for a permanent enlargement of our paper, and + propose shortly to make use of</i> <span class="sc">Nocab's</span> + <i>communication and valuable hint.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Sing's</span> <i>reminder, that Saturday last, the + 29th of March, was "the centenary anniversary of the death of Captain + Coram, the worthy founder of the Foundling," reached us too late for us + to call attention to it.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. A. J. Dunkin's</span> <i>communication on the + subject of his proposed</i> Monumenta Anglicana <i>shall have our early + attention.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Kerriensis</span> <i>is thanked for several + interesting communications of which we propose to make an early + use.</i></p> + + <p><i>Will</i> L. M. M. R. <i>send his address? The book he wants has + been reported to the publisher.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Replies Received.</span>—<i>Mathew's Med. + Passage—San Grail—Nettle in. &c.—The + Tanthony—Treatise by Engelbert—Circulation of the + Blood—Sir A. Chadwick—Rowley Powley—Langholme + Fair—Epitaph on a Turncoat—Gig Hill—Damasked + Linen—Endeavour—Meaning of Strained—Rack—Daughter + of James II.—Snail-eating—Munchausen's Travels—Mitre, + &c.—Cloven Tongues—"Going the whole hog"—Expression + in Milton—Haybands in Seals—King John at + Lincoln—Handbell—Vineyards—Mazer Wood.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Vols. I.</span> <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very + copious Index, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by + order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on + Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any + difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, + &c. are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will + enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> + <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p> + + <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—P. 236, Col. 2. l. 26, for <i>Hanse town</i> read + <i>hamlet</i>; p. 238, col. 1. l. 27, for "<i>cr</i>atus" read + "<i>n</i>atus"; p. 217, col. 1. l. 29. for "Cou<i>n</i>t" read + "Cou<i>r</i>t"; p. 250, col. 1. l. 4, for "<i>T</i>edley" read + "<i>S</i>edley," col. 2. l. 23, for "tant<i>us</i>" read + "tant<i>as</i>."</p> + +<p><!-- Page 271 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page271"></a>{271}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">On the 31st of March was commenced the Publication of a</p> + +<h2>NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY,</h2> + +<p class="cenhead">In Monthly Volumes, each containing Three Hundred and Twenty Pages, and from Thirty to a Hundred Engravings,</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Price Half-a-Crown, Beautifully Bound.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>The Age in which we live is essentially of a <i>practical</i> + character, and the predominant principle influencing all classes is a + marked desire for <i>cheapness</i>. Cheapness, however, is too often + found without excellence, and hence this proposition to supply a + deficiency at present existing in the popular literature of this + country.</p> + + <p>For some time past the projectors of the present undertaking have felt + interested in watching the result of an experiment simultaneously made by + the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Book Trades; and, having seen that + cheap, and occasionally indifferent literature, "got up" in a most + inferior manner, <i>will sell</i>, they feel assured that good and + judiciously selected works, having the additional advantage of <span + class="scac">COPIOUS ILLUSTRATION</span>, being produced with the utmost + attention to general excellence, and published at the moderate price + fixed upon, cannot fail to secure extensive patronage from the Reading + Public. The principle upon which they can undertake to supply good books + at a low rate is, that being themselves the <i>actual producers</i>, they + are enabled to save the public the expense of all <i>intermediate + profit</i>.</p> + + <p>As a practical explanation of the above views, <span class="sc">Three + Sample Volumes</span> of the "<span class="sc">National Illustrated + Library</span>" were published on the 31st of March. It will be observed + that these volumes are widely different in character, in order that the + public may form some idea of the extent and variety of the series + generally. Afterwards, one volume will be issued monthly. Each volume + will contain at least 320 crown octavo pages, illustrated according to + the requirements of the subject-matter, by from 30 to 100 illustrations, + and will be <i>strongly bound</i> in ornamental cloth boards. Thus, for + 30<i>s.</i> a year, in the course of a short period, a Library of great + extent and interest may be formed, which shall furnish materials for + instruction and amusement during the course of a long life.</p> + + <p>The chief advantages which this series of works will present over all + others—more especially the closely printed double column editions, + and the new fashioned, though equally objectionable, Shilling books, with + their numerous errors, thin paper, and flimsy binding, are the + following:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. A carefully Revised Text.</p> + <p>2. Judicious Explanatory Foot Notes.</p> + <p>3. Engravings really Illustrating the Text.</p> + <p>4. A new and legible Type.</p> + <p>5. Good Paper and Printing.</p> + <p>6. Strong neat Binding.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>In carrying out their undertaking it will be the endeavour of the + projectors to bestow upon Half-crown Volumes for the <i>many</i> the same + typographical accuracy, and the same artistic ability, hitherto almost + exclusively devoted to high-priced books for the <i>few</i>. Supported by + the co-operation of the Reading Public, no pains will be spared to + provide every English home with a complete treasury of knowledge and + entertainment in the volumes of the "<span class="sc">National + Illustrated Library</span>."</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>The following are the Volumes which appeared on the 31st of March,</p> + + <p>BOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, <span class="sc">Vol. I.</span></p> + + <p>THE BOOK OF ENGLISH SONGS.</p> + + <p>THE BURIED CITY OF THE EAST—NINEVEH.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + +<p class="cenhead">Office of the <span class="sc">Illustrated London News</span>, 198. Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, No. VII., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, imperial 4to.</p> + + <p>DETAILS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing + Examples, by <span class="sc">J. K. Colling</span>, + Architect.—<span class="sc">Contents</span>: Eastern side of Altar + Screen, Beverley Minster; Details from ditto; Our compartment of Nave, + Austrey Church, Warwickshire; Clerestory and Aisle windows from ditto; + Buttresses from ditto. (Continued monthly.)</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">George Bell</span>, Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, New Edition, 4to cloth, price 25<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>ILLUSTRATIONS of the REMAINS of ROMAN ART in CIRENCESTER, the SITE of + ANTIENT CORINIUM. By Professor <span class="sc">Buckman</span>, F.L.S., + &c., and <span class="sc">C. H. Newmarch</span>. Esq. Containing + Plates by <span class="sc">De la Motte</span>, of the magnificent + Tessellated Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with + copies of the grand heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona, reduced by the + Talbotype from fac-simile tracings of the original; together with various + other Plates and numerous Wood Engravings.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Cirencester: <span class="sc">Baily and Jones</span>; London: <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, +Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">HARDWICK'S HISTORY OF THE ARTICLES.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">In 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>A HISTORY of the ARTICLES of RELIGION; to which is added a SERIES of + DOCUMENTS, from <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1536 to <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1615; together with Illustrations from + Contemporary Sources. By <span class="sc">Charles Hardwick, M. A.</span>, + Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, and Whitehall Preacher.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Rivingtons</span>, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place; and +<span class="sc">Deighton</span>, Cambridge.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Second Edition, Now Ready, Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>THE NUPTIALS of BARCELONA: A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish + Tyranny. By <span class="sc">R. N. Dundbar</span>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of + description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well calculated + to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of the + day."—<i>Sunday Times.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Saunders</span> and <span class="sc">Otley</span>, Publishers, Conduit Street.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 272 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page272"></a>{272}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<h2>NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.</h2> + + <p>YEAST: a <span class="sc">Problem</span>. Reprinted, with Additions + and Alterations, from <span class="sc">Fraser's Magazine</span>. + 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>HISTORY OF MOHAMMEDANISM AND ITS SECTS. By <span class="sc">W. Cooke + Taylor</span>, LL.D. Third and Cheaper Edition. 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>GREGORY OF NAZIANZUM: a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical History of + the Fourth Century. By <span class="sc">Professor Ullmann</span>. + Translated by <span class="sc">G. V. Cox</span>, M.A. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIVING. By <span class="sc">Herbert Mayo</span>, + M.D., late Senior Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. Third and Cheaper + Edition, with Additions. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>CHEMISTRY OF FIRE, AIR, EARTH, AND WATER: an Essay, founded upon + Lectures delivered before the Queen. By <span class="sc">T. + Griffiths</span>, Professor of Chemistry in St. Bartholomew's Hospital. + With numerous Illustrations, Second Edition. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>DE OBLIGATIONE CONSCIENTIÆ PRÆLECTIONES DECEM OXONII IN SCHOLA + THEOLOGICA HABITÆ. <span class="sc">A Roberto Sanderson</span>, S. + Theologicæ Ibidem Pofessore Regio. Edited for the Syndics of the + Cambridge University Press. With English Notes, including an abridged + Translation, by <span class="sc">W. Whewell</span>, D.D., Master of + Trinity College. 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>THE EARLY PROGRESS of the GOSPEL: being the Hulsean Lectures for 1850. + By <span class="sc">W. G. Humphry</span>, B.D., Examining Chaplain to the + Lord Bishop of London. 8vo.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORD'S APOSTLES. By <span + class="sc">A Country Pastor</span>. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">By the same Author,</p> + + <p><span class="sc">LECTURES ON SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING GOOD and + EVIL ANGELS.</span> 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>VIEW OF THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING A FUTURE STATE. + 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>LAWS OF ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY. By <span class="sc">Richard + Hooker</span>. The First Book. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>The present reprint was proposed by the editor—a master in a + large public school—with a view of reading it with his boys. There + is, so far as he is aware, no English book in common use in schools which + at all sets forth the distinctions of Laws and the foundations on which + their authority is based; and perhaps none could be found better + calculated to meet this want than that which is here offered.</p> + +<hr class="short" > + + <p>BRAMPTON RECTORY; or, the <span class="sc">Lesson of Life</span>. + Second Edition. 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">By the same Author, 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>COMPTON MERIVALE: another Leaf from the <span class="sc">Lesson of + Life</span>.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">John W. Parker</span>, West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 3<i>d.</i>, the April No. of the</p> + +<h3>BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="scac">CONTENTS:</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><b>The Art of Reasoning:—</b></p> + <p class="i1">The Doctrine of the Syllogism.</p> + <p><b>Controversy:—</b></p> + <p class="i1">Is Mesmerism true?</p> + <p class="i1">Was Oliver Cromwell a first-rate General, a Great Statesman, and a Sincere Man?</p> + <p class="i1">The R. C. Hierarchy, ought it to be interdicted?</p> + <p class="i1">Have the Working Classes been benefited by Machinery?</p> + <p><b>Societies Section:—</b></p> + <p class="i1">The Art of Public Speaking</p> + <p class="i1">Reports of Lectures and Meetings.</p> + <p><b>The Inquirer:—</b></p> + <p class="i1">Questions requiring Answers.</p> + <p class="i1">Answers to Questions.</p> + <p class="i1">French without a Master.</p> + <p class="i1">German and Italian Grammars.</p> + <p class="i1">Chemistry.</p> + <p class="i1">Astronomy.</p> + <p class="i1">Improvement of the Memory, &c.</p> + <p><b>The Young Student and Writer's Assistant:—</b></p> + <p class="i1">Essays and Exercises.</p> + <p><b>Notices of Books.</b></p> + </div> + </div> + <p><i>"It is unique in its design, able in its execution, and vast and + noble in its object."—Leamington Courier.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Houlston & Stoneman</span>, and all Booksellers.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, in One Volume, post 8vo., price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth,</p> + + <p>REMONSTRANCE AGAINST ROMISH CORRUPTIONS IN THE CHURCH: addressed to + the People and Parliament of England in 1395, 18 <span + class="sc">Ric</span>. II. Now for the first time published. Edited by + the Rev. <span class="sc">J. Forshall, F.R.S.</span>, &c., formerly + Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, in One large Volume, 8vo. price 14<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>THE HISTORY of the CHURCH of ROME, to the End of the Episcopate of + Damasus, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 384. By <span class="sc">Edward + John Shepherd, A.M.</span> Rector of Luddesdown.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ., F.S.A.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, in 2 vo's, 8vo.,</p> + + <p>NARRATIVES <span class="scac">OF</span> MAGIC <span + class="scac">AND</span> SORCERY. By <span class="sc">Thomas + Wright</span>, Esq., F.S.A., Author of "England under the House of + Hanover, illustrated by the Caricatures and Satires of the Day."</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Richard Bentley</span>, New Burlington Street, (Publisher in +Ordinary to Her Majesty)</p> + +<hr class="full" > + +<p class="cenhead">This day, crown 8vo cloth, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LONDON AS IT IS TO-DAY, WHERE TO GO, and WHAT TO SEE during THE GREAT + EXHIBITION. With a Map and 300 Engravings on Wood.</p> + + <p>THE CRYSTAL PALACE, ITS ORIGIN, HISTORY, and CONSTRUCTION. No. I. + price 1½<i>d.</i> To be completed in 12 Numbers.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">H. G. Clarke & Co.</span>, 4. Exeter Change.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, + London.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.</span></p> + + <p>Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting + the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as + fully detailed in the prospectus.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">A. Scratchley, M.A.</span>, Actuary and Secretary; + Author of "Industrial Investment and Emigration; being a Second Edition + of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &c." Price 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">J. W. Parker</span>, West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" > + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New + Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, + in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George + Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in + the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, April 5. 1851.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, +1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 23402-h.htm or 23402-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/4/0/23402/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23402] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{257} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 75.] +SATURDAY, APRIL 5. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Two Chancellors, by Edward Foss 257 + + Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III. 258 + + Folk Lore:--Cure of Hooping Cough--Charms from + Devonshire--Lent Lilies--Oak Webs, &c. 258 + + The Threnodia Carolina of Sir Thomas Herbert, by + Bolton Corney 259 + + Minor Notes:--Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis--Moorfields + in Charles II.'s Time--Derivation of Yankee--A + Word to Literary Men 260 + + QUERIES: + + Poems of John Seguard of Norwich, by Sir F. Madden 261 + + Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke 262 + + Minor Queries:--The Vellum-bound Junius--What is + a Tye?--"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout"--Arms + of Robert Nelson--Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York + --Moore's Almanack--Archbishop Loftus--Matrix + of Monastic Seal--Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon-- + Villiers Duke of Buckingham--Porci solidi-pedes-- + The Heywood Family--Was Charles II. ever in + Wales?--Dog's Head in the Pot--"Poor Alinda's + growing old" 262 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Who was the Author of + "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?--William Penn's Family + --Deal, Dover, and Harwich--Author of Broad + Stone of Honour--Pope Joan--The Well o' the + World's End--Sides and Angles--Meaning of Ratche + --"Feast of Reason," &c.--Tu autem 264 + + REPLIES:-- + + Barons of Hugh Lupus 266 + + Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office 266 + + Lady Jane of Westmoreland 268 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Father + Maximilian Hell--Meaning of "strained" as used by + Shakspeare--Headings of Chapters in English Bibles 269 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 269 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 270 + + Notices to Correspondents 270 + + Advertisements 271 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +TWO CHANCELLORS. + +Although neither your readers nor I are politicians enough to interfere in +the changes proposed with reference to the office of Lord Chancellor, I +doubt not that some of them, now the subject is on the _tapis_, may feel +interested in a fact connected with it, which our ancient records disclose: +namely, that on one occasion there were _two chancellors_ acting at the +same time for several months together, and both regularly appointed by the +king. + +It is an unique instance, occurring in the reign of Edward IV.: the two +chancellors being Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, and John Alcock, +Bishop of Rochester. The former received the Great Seal in May, 1474, in +the fourteenth year of the reign, and without any doubt continued +chancellor till the king's death; and yet, from April to September in the +following year, the latter was also addressed by the same title. During +that interval of five months, there are numerous writs of Privy Seal +addressed by the king to both, in which each of them is styled "our +chancellor." + +This curious circumstance may be thus accounted for. King Edward had for +some time been contemplating an invasion of France; and when his +preparations were completed (about April), as he required his chancellor, +Bishop Rotheram, to attend him on the expedition, it became necessary to +provide some competent person to transact the business of the Chancery in +his absence. On previous occasions of this nature, it had been usual to +place the seal that was used in England, when the king was abroad, in the +hands of the Master of the Rolls, or some other master in Chancery, with +the title of Keeper: but, for some unexplained reason (perhaps because +Bishop Alcock was a man whom the king delighted to honour), this prelate +was dignified with the superior designation, although Bishop Rotheram still +retained it. The voyage being delayed from April to July, during the whole +of that period, each being in England, both acted in the same character; +Privy Seals, as I have said, being sent to both, and bills in Chancery +being addressed also to Bishop Alcock as chancellor. Rotheram was with the +king in France as his chancellor, and is so described on opening the +negotiation in August, which led to the discreditable peace by which Edward +made himself a pensioner to the French king. No Privy Seals were addressed +to Alcock after September 28; which may therefore be considered the close +of this double chancellorship, and the date of Bishop Rotheram's return to +England. + +Who knows whether the discovery of this ancient authority may not suggest +to our legislators the division of the title between two possessors {258} +with distinct duties, in the same manner that two chief justices were +substituted in the reign of Henry III. for one chief justiciary? + +The immediate interest of this fact has prompted me to anticipate its +appearance in the volumes of my work, which you have been kind enough to +announce as being in the press. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + * * * * * + +ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. III. + + "Now flieth Venus in to Ciclinius tour. + * * * * * * + "Alas, and there hath she no socour, + For she ne found ne sey no maner wight. + * * * * * * + "Wherefore her selven for to hide and save, + Within the gate she fledde in to a cave. + * * * * * * + "Now God helpe sely Venus alone, + But as God wold it happed for to be, + That while the weping Venus made her mone, + Ciclinius riding in his chirachee, + _Fro Venus Valanus might this palais see;_ + And Venus he salveth and maketh chere, + And her receiveth as his frende full dere." + _Complaint of Mars and Venus._ + +Having in my last communication (Vol. iii., p. 235.) shown cause for the +alteration in the foregoing quotation of Ciclinius into Cyllenius, I shall +now endeavour to interpret the line in Italics, which in its present shape +is utterly without meaning. + +Whatever word _Valanus_ may be supposed to represent, whether a proper or a +common name, still the construction of the whole line is evidently corrupt. + +Taking Valanus, in the first place, as a proper name, the most probable +original would be VALENS; for the connexion of which with Mercury we must +refer to Cicero (_De Nat. Deor._ iii. 22.), where mention is made of it in +these words:-- + + "Alter (Mercurius) _Valentis_ et Phoronidis filius, is qui sub terris + habetur idem Trophonius." + +Here the identification with Trophonius strikes us at once as affording a +clue to THE CAVE into which Venus fled, giving great probability to Valens +as the true solution of Chaucer's meaning. + +But if we receive it as such, the following hypothesis becomes necessary, +viz., that Chaucer imagined a _double impersonation_ of Mercury--one +absent, the other present,--one sidereal, the other mythological,--one +Cyllenius, the other Valens. + +When Venus first enters Mercury's "palais," she "_ne found ne sey no maner +wight_." This signifies the absence from home of _Cyllenius_, who was +abroad upon "his chirachee" in attendance upon the Sun; and here again is +an instance of the nice astronomical accuracy of Chaucer. It was impossible +that the _planet_ Mercury could be in the sign Gemini, because his greatest +elongation, or apparent distance from the sun, does not exceed 29 degrees; +so that the Sun having but just entered Taurus, Mercury could not be in +Gemini. Neither could Venus see Valens (the other impersonation of +Mercury), because of his concealment in the cave; but when she entered the +cave, then she was welcomed and received by him. + +Now, to render the text conformable with this interpretation, some +alteration in the construction is necessary, as indeed it must be in any +attempt to render the passage intelligible. + +Taking, away the word "Fro," and transposing "might" to the other side of +"Valanus," the lines would stand thus,-- + + "---- it happed for to be + That, while the weping Venus made her mone, + (Cyllenius riding in his chirachee) + Venus might Valens in this palais see; + And Venus he salveth and maketh chere + And her receiveth as his frende full dere!" + +On the other supposition of "Valanus" being a common name, to which a +capital letter has been prefixed in mistake, then the only word for which +it would appear to be a probable substitution would be "Vallum," in the +sense of a border or rampart; but the application would be so far-fetched +that I shall not attempt it, especially as I look upon the explanation +afforded by "Valens" as most probably the true one. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds, March 20. 1851. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Cure of Hooping Cough._--There is a superstition in Cheshire that hooping +cough may be cured by holding a toad for a few moments with its head within +the mouth of the person affected. I heard only the other day of a cure by +this somewhat disagreeable process; the toad was said to have caught the +disease, which in this instance proved fatal to it in a few hours. + +A. H. H. + +_Charms from Devonshire._--The following charms were obtained from an old +woman in this parish, though probably they are all known to you already: + + (_a._) _For a Scald or Burn._ + + "There were three angels came from The East and West, + One brought fire and another brought frost, + And the third it was the Holy Ghost. + Out fire, in frost, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the + Holy Ghost. Amen." + + (_b._) _For a Sprain._ + + "As our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was riding into + Jerusalem, His horse tripped and sprained his leg. Our Blessed Lord and + Saviour blessed it, and said, + + 'Bone to bone, and vein to vein, + O vein, turn to thy rest again!' + + M. N. so shall thine, in the Name," &c. + +{259} + + (_c._) _For stopping Blood._ + + "Our Blessed Saviour was born in Bethlehem and baptized in the river + Jordan. + + 'The Waters were wild and rude. + The child Jesus was meek, mild, and good.' + + He put His foot into the waters, and the waters stopped, and so shall + thy blood, in the Name," &c. + + (d.) _For the Tooth-ache._ + + "All glory! all glory! all glory! be to the Father, and to the Son, and + to the Holy Ghost. + + "As our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was walking in the garden of + Gethsamene, He saw Peter weeping. He called him unto Him, and said, + Peter why, weepest thou? Peter answered and said, Lord, I am grievously + tormented with pain, the pain of my tooth. Our Lord answered and said, + If thou wilt believe in Me, and My words abide with thee, thou shalt + never feel any more pain in thy tooth. Peter said, Lord, I believe, + help Thou my unbelief. In the Name, &c. + + "God grant M. N. ease from the pain in his teeth." + +(_e._) _For Fits._--Go into a church at midnight and walk three times round +the communion table. This was done in this parish a few years since. + +(_f._) An inhabitant of this parish told me that his father went into +Lydford Church, at twelve o'clock at night, and cut off some lead from +every diamond pane in the windows with which he made a heart, to be worn by +his wife afflicted with "_breastills_," i.e. _sore breasts_. + +(_g._) The skin cast by a snake is very useful in extracting thorns, &c. +from the body, but, unlike I other remedies, it is repellent, not +attractive; hence it must always be applied on the opposite side to that on +which the thorn entered. In some cases where the skin has been applied on +the same side, it has forced the thorn completely through the hand. + +_Lent Lilies.--Oak Webs, &c._--In this part of Cornwall, the native yellow +narcissus, known in most counties, and in the books, as _daffodils_ (the +"Daffy Down Dilly" of your correspondent, Vol. iii. p. 220.), are called +only by the name of _Lent lilies_, or simply _Lents_, and are commonly sold +by the poor children, frequently in exchange for _pins_. The pleasing name +reminds one of Michaelmas Daisy (_Chrysanthemum_), Christmas rose +(_Helleborus niger_), and the beautiful pasque flower (_Anemone +pulsatilla_). + +The common beetle called cockchafer is here known only as the _oak-web_, +and a smaller beetle as _fern-web_. It seems hard to guess why they should +be named _web_ (which in Anglo-Saxon means _weaver_), as they do not, I +think, form any cocoon. + +H. G. T. + +Launceston. + + * * * * * + +THE THRENODIA CAROLINA OF SIR THO. HERBERT. + +The _Threnodia Carolina_ of sir Thomas Herbert is a jewel of historical +composition, and I am persuaded that a new edition of it, if formed on a +collation of the best manuscripts, and illustrated by extracts from the +principal historians of the same period, would not only be received by the +public with thanks, but with expressions of surprise that so rare a +treasure should have been suffered to remain in such comparative obscurity. + +There are four manuscripts of the work in public libraries, two of which I +am enabled to describe. + +1. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 7396. + +This Ms. is in folio. The preliminary leaves have the notes marked 1, 2, +3--the second being in the handwriting of sir William Dugdale. The +narrative occupies thirty-six pages, with interlinear corrections and +additions. This Ms. does not contain the words _This brief narrative_, &c. +nor the letter dated the 3d Nov. 1681. + + "THRENODIA CAROLINA." + + (1) "This book contains S^r Tho. Herberts memoirs being the original in + his own hand sent to S^r W^m Dugdale in 1678." + + (2) "A true and perfect narrative of the most remarkable passages + relating to king Charles the first of blessed memory, written by the + proper land of S^r Thomas Herbert baronet, who attended upon his + ma^{tie} from Newcastle upon Tine, when he was sold by the Scotts, + during the whole time of his greatest afflictions, till his death and + buriall; w^{ch} was sent to me S^r Will^m Dugdale knight, garter + principall king of armes, in Michaellmasse Terme a^o. 1678, by the said + S^r Thomas Herbert, from Yorke, where he resideth." + + "VERITAS ODIUM PARIT." + + (3) "Court passages in the two last yeares of the raigne of king + Charles the first, during y^e time of his affliction." + + 2. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 4705. + + This Ms. is in small folio. It was formerly in the possession of Peter + le Neve, norroy. A preliminary leaf has the subjoined attestation by + sir William Dugdale. The narrative is much more ample and + circumstantial than in the former Ms., but it is not all in the + handwriting of sir Thomas Herbert. The letter dated 3 November 1681, + and the relations of Huntington, Cooke, and Firebrace, are added in the + handwriting of Dugdale; also, the names of persons who corresponded + with Charles I. while he was a prisoner in the Isle of Wight. The + passages transcribed by the REV. ALFRED GATTY appear in this Ms.--also + in the edition of 1702. The edition of 1813 is a _verbatim_ reprint of + the first and second articles of that of 1702. It was edited by Mr. + George Nicol. + + "CAROLINA THRENODIA." + + "This booke containeth a large answer to a short letter sent by S^r + Will^m Dugdale kn^t (garter; principall king of armes) unto S^r Thomas + Herbert baronet, {260} residing in the citty of Yorke. By w^{ch} letter + he did desire the sayd S^r Thomas Herbert to informe him of such + materiall passages, as he had observed touching the late king Charles + the first (of blessed memory) during the time that he the sayd S^r + Thomas did attend him in person; B^t for the two last yeares of his + afflicted life." + +The other Mss. alluded to are preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. +The most important is No. 1141., which is minutely described in the +admirable catalogue compiled by Mr. Black. A transcript of the _Threnodia +Carolina_ by Ant. a Wood, also in the Ashmolean Museum, is recorded by +Huddesford. + +As there were two _recensions_ of the narrative, I have added a specimen of +each of the Harleian Mss., which may serve as a clue to the nature of other +copies, whether in public libraries, or in private hands. + + "The Lords ordered a girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters to + be cutt in Lead and putt about the Coffin. being onely these wordes + + KING CHARLES + 1648. + + The kings body was then brought from the chamber to Saint Georges hall. + whence after a Little pause, it was w^{th} a slow pase & much sorrow + carrye'd by those gentlemen that were in mourninge: the Lords in blacks + following the royall Corpes & many gentlemen after them, and their + attendants."--THRENODIA CAROLINA, p. 36. Harleian MS. 7396. + + "The girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters in Lead putt about + the Coffin had onely these words. + + KING-CHARLES. + 1648. + + The Kings body was then brought from his Bed-chamber, downe into S^t + Georges-hall; whence after a little stay, itt was with a slow and + solemn pace (much sorrow in most faces discernable) carryed by + gentlemen that were of some quallity and in mourning. the Lords in like + habitts followed the Royall Corps. the Governor, and severall + gentlemen, and officers, and attendants came after."--CAROLINA + THRENODIA, p. 80. Harleian MS. 4705. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + +_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs of Charles I._--The question suggested by MR. +GATTY'S first note upon this subject was one of some importance, viz., +whether the original MS. in the possession of his friend contained anything +of Sir Thomas Herbert's not hitherto published? There is no doubt that the +"Memoir of the two last years of King Charles I." was written by Sir Thomas +Herbert, after his retirement to his native city of York, at the request of +the author of the _Athenae Oxonienses_, who made use of nearly the whole of +it in compiling that great work, adapting different portions to his +biographical notices of the persons to whom they principally related. The +notices of Colonel Joyce and Colonel Cobbet are chiefly composed of +extracts from Herbert's Memoir; whilst under the name of Herbert himself +not more than about one-third of his own communication will be found. + +The first edition of the _Athenae_ was not published until 1691, several +years after Sir Thomas Herbert's death; and the memoir in a complete form, +with the title of _Threnodia Carolina_, did not appear until the year 1702, +when it was published by Dr. Charles Goodall, physician to the Charter +House, together with other tracts relating to Charles I. This is doubtless +the volume described by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (vol. iii., p. 157.), who will, I +hope, favour your readers with the information requested by MR. GATTY (p. +222.). + +The Memoir, as published in 1813 by G. and W. Nicol, Booksellers, Pall +Mall, professes to be a faithful reprint of the former edition of 1702. The +commencing and concluding paragraphs in this reprint are precisely the same +as those transcribed by MR. GATTY'S friend from the MS. in his possession. +His idea, that an incorrect copy of his MS. was improperly obtained, and +published in 1813, seems to be without foundation. + +[Delta]. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis._--The following extract from an +advertisement in the _St. James's Chronicle_, April 15, 1779, is worth a +note as illustrative of the altered value of the book referred to:-- + + "If any person is possessed of an impression of Shakspeare's _Venus and + Adonis_, 4to. Printed by Richard Field for John Harrison, 1593, and + will bring it to Mr. Thomas Longman, bookseller, in Paternoster Row, he + will receive one guinea for it." + +Malone gave 25l. for the copy in his collection in the Bodleian. + +J. F. M. + +_Moorfields in Charles II.'s Time._--I copy this from _The New Help to +Discourse_, published about 1670: + + "Two gentlemen of Stepney going homewards over Moor-fields, about + twelve of the clock at night, were staid by an impertinent constable + with many frivolous questions, more by half to show his office than his + wit; one whereof was, If they were not afraid to go home at that time + of the night? They answered, 'No.' 'Well,' said he, 'I shall let you + pass at this time; but if you should be knockt on the lead before you + get home, you cannot but report that there was a good watch kept in + Moor-fields." + +BLOWEN. + +_Yankee, Derivation of._--The word _Yankee_ is nothing more than the word +_English_ so transformed by the imperfect pronunciation of the natives of +Massachusets--_Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. The orthography of this +much-used epithet, which is not given, we believe, in any English or +American work, was communicated to M. Philarete {261} Charles by one of the +best-informed men of that province. + + "Le mot Yankee, applique aujourd'hui comme sobriquet aux populations + agricoles et commercantes du nord, n'est autre que le mot _English_ + transforme par la prononciation defectueuse des indigenes du + Massachusets: _Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. Nous tenons de l'un des + hommes les plus instruit de la province cette curieuse etymologie, que + ne donne aucun ouvrage americain ou anglais. Les Anglais, quand ils se + moquent des _Yankies_, se moquent d'eux-memes."--Philarete Charles, + "Les Americains," in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, May 15, 1850. + +J. M. + +_A Word to Literary Men_ (Vol. iii., p. 161.).--Perhaps MR. KENNETH R. H. +MACKENZIE will allow me to add the following as a _rider_ to his +suggestion:-- + + "Even after all the labours of the Prussian scholars," says Dr. Arnold, + "much remains to be done towards obtaining a complete knowledge of the + number, and still more of the value, of the Greek MSS. now existing in + Europe. It is not easy to know how many MSS. of any given writer are + extant, where they are to be found, and, above all, whether from their + age and character they are worth the trouble of an exact collation. A + labour of this kind cannot be accomplished by individuals; but the + present spirit of liberal co-operation, which seems to influence + literary as well as scientific men throughout Europe, renders its + accomplishment by the combined exertions of the scholars of different + countries by no meals impracticable. It would be exceedingly convenient + to possess an alphabetical list of all the extant Greek and Latin + writers, with a _catalogue raisonnee_ of the MSS. of each; and if such + a work were attempted, there is little doubt, I imagine, that in point + of number a very large addition would be made to the stock of MSS. + already known. What the result might be in point of value is another + question; still it is desirable to know what we have to trust to; and + when we have obtained a right estimate of our existing resources in + manuscripts, we shall then be better able to judge what modern + criticism will have to do from its own means towards bringing the text + of the ancient writers to the greatest possible state of + perfection."--Preface to _Thucydides_, vol. iii. page iv. 2d edit. + +M. N. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +POEMS OF JOHN SEGUARD OF NORWICH. + +In the _Letters on the British Museum_, 1767 (referred to Vol. iii., p. +208.), at p. 33. is given a short Latin poem, which the writer states he +"found among the manuscripts;" and adds, "It was written by John Seward in +the time of Henry V., who conquered Charles VI. of France." The poem is as +follows: + + "Ite per extremam Tanaim, pigrosque Triones, + Ite per arentem Lybiam, superate calores + Solis, et arcanos Nili deprendite fontes, + Herculeumque sinum, Bacchi transcurrite metas, + Angli juris erit quicquid complectitur orbis. + Anglis rubra dabunt pretiosas aequora conchas, + Indus ebur, ramos Panchaia, vellera Seres, + Dum viget Henricus, dum noster vivit Achilles; + Est etenim laudes longe transgressus avitas." + +If these lines are compared with the contemporary Leonine verses in praise +of Henry V., preserved in MS. Cott. Cleop. B. i. f. 173. beginning: + + "Ad Salvatoris laudes, titulos et honores." + +their great superiority, in point of Latinity, will be perceived, and this +Query forthwith arises: Who was John Seward? + +In reply to this, the following information has been collected. The name of +the author was not _Seward_, but _Seguard_. He is not mentioned by Leland, +but Bale calls him "insignis sui temporis rhetor ac poeta;" and states +further, that in the city of Norwich, "non sine magno auditorum fructu, +bonas artes ingenue profitebatur." He then gives a list of his writings, +among which is a work on Prosody, entitled _Metristenchiridion_, addressed +to Richard Courtney, Bishop of Norwich, who held the see only from Sept. +1413 to Sept. 1415, and therefore composed during that interval. He notices +also a tract _De miseria hominis_, together with _Carmina diversi generis_ +and _Epistolae ad diversos_; all of which, he says, he himself saw in +manuscripts in Merton College, Oxford, and in the Royal Library of Edward +VI. Pits, the next authority in point of date, chiefly follows Bale in his +account of John Seguard; but adds, "Equestris ordinis in Anglia patre +natus," and among his writings inserts one not specified by Bale, _De +laudibus Regis Henrici Quinti, versu_. Tanner copies the first of these +statements, yet, singular enough, omits all notice of the poem on Henry V., +the very one, apparently, cited in the _Letters on the British Museum_. But +there are further difficulties. It was natural to suppose, that the MS. +seen by Bale in the Royal Library would be there still; and Tanner +unhesitatingly refers to the volume marked 15 A. xxii. art. 5., as the one +which contained the poem _De miseria hominis_, noted by Bale. On looking, +however, at this manuscript, it became apparent that both Bale and Tanner +are in error in ascribing this poem to Seguard. The handwriting is of the +early part of the thirteenth century, and consequently full a century and a +half before the Norwich poet was born! At the conclusion is this note, by +the same hand: + + "Hos versus, sicut nobis quidam veridicus retulit, Segardus junior de + Sancto Audomaro composuit." + +The writer here named is not mentioned in Fabricius, nor in the _Histoire +Litteraire de la France_. Besides the MS. in Merton College, Oxford, +referred to by Bale, which still exists there under the signature Q. 3. 1., +I find another in Bernard's _Catt._ {262} _MSS. Angliae_, 1697, vol. ii. p. +216., among the manuscripts of Sir Henry Langley of Shropshire, "No. 22. +Jo. Segnard [_read_ Seguard] Poemata." I would therefore close these +remarks by requesting attention to the following Queries:-- + +1. As Blomefield is silent on the subject, is anything more known +respecting the biography of John Seguard? + +2. Can a list be obtained of the contents of the Merton manuscript? + +3. What became of the Langley MS., and where is it at present? + +4. In what manuscript of the British Museum is the poem on Henry V. +contained? + +F. MADDEN. + +P.S. Since I wrote the above, I have found in the Sale Catalogue of the +Towneley library, 1814, pt. i. lot 396.: + + "_Seguardi Opuscula._ Manuscript on vellum. This volume contains + several treatises not mentioned by Bale or Pits." + +It was purchased by Mr. Laing for 1l. 1s. May I, therefore, add one more +Query? + +5. Can the present owner of this MS. (which is probably the same as the +Langley copy) furnish a note of its contents? + +F. M. + + * * * * * + +EPITAPH ON THE COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE. + +Who was the writer of the oft-quoted lines, + + "Underneath this marble (sable) hearse," &c. + +intended, as all know, for an epitaph on Mary Sidney, afterwards Countess +of Pembroke, but not inscribed upon any monumental stone? They are almost +universally attributed to Ben Jonson, and are included amongst his poems. +But this is not conclusive evidence, as we also there find the epitaph on +Drayton, which was written by Quarles. In Aubrey's MS. _Memoires of +Naturall Remarques in Wilts_, these verses are said to have been "made by +Mr. Willi[=a]. Browne, who wrote the Pastoralls, and they are inserted +there." Mr. Britton, in his _Life of Aubrey_ (p. 96.), adds: + + "It is essential to observe, that Aubrey is not alone in stating them + to be by Browne; for, in his note upon the subject, he left a blank for + the latter's Christian name, 'William,' which was filled up by Evelyn + when he perused the manuscript. Indeed, Evelyn added as a further note, + '_William_, Governor to the now Earl of Oxford.'" + +But these lines are not to be found in Browne's _Pastorals_. In book ii., +song 4., there is an epitaph, but which bears little resemblance to the one +in question. It concludes with the following conceit: + + "If to the grave there ever was assign'd + One like this nymph in body and in minde, + We wish here in balme, not vainely spent, + To fit this maiden with a monument, + For brass, and marble, were they seated here, + Would fret, or melt in tears, to lye so near." + +Addison, in _The Spectator_, No. 323., speaks of this epitaph as "written +by an uncertain author." This was not more than seventy-five or eighty +years after Jonson's death. In the lives of the Sidneys, and in Ballard's +_Memoirs of Celebrated Ladies_ (1752), no author is mentioned; but the +latter speaks of the epitaph as likely to be more lasting than marble or +brass. To the six lines which generally stand alone, the following are +added in the two last-mentioned works: + + "Marble pyles let no man raise, + To her name, for after daies, + Some kind woman, born as she, + Reading this like Niobe, + Shall turn marble, and become, + Both her mourner and her tomb." + +These are also given by Brydges in his _Peers Of James II._, but they are +not in Jonson's works. Did they originally form part of the epitaph, or are +they the production of another and later author? + +That this epitaph should be attributed to Jonson, may possibly have arisen +from the following lines being confounded with it. Jacob, in his _English +Poets_, says-- + + "To show that Ben was famous at _epigram_, I need only transcribe the + epitaph he wrote on the Lady Elizabeth L. H.: + + "Underneath this stone doth lie + As much virtue as could die, + Which when alive did harbour give + To as much beauty as could live. + +J. H. M. + +Bath. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Mr. Cramp, in his late publication, _Junius and +his Works_, conjectures that the printer having bound a copy of _Junius_ +for and under the direction of the writer of the letters, followed the +pattern in the binding of other copies; and this, he says, "will account +for similar copies having been found in the libraries of so many persons, +which from time to time has occasioned so much speculation." With Mr. +Cramp's conjecture I do not concern myself; but I should be much obliged if +he would inform me, through your Journal, in what libraries, and where, +these many vellum-bound copies have been found, and where I can find the +speculations to which they have given rise. + +V. B. + +_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Some years ago, on reading the private letters +of Junius, addressed to H. S. Woodfall, and printed by G. Woodfall, 1812, I +was particularly struck by those of No. 58. and 59., wherein he states a +desire to have one set of his letters (which were published 3d March, 1772, +by Woodfall) _bound in vellum_. + +Constantly bearing in mind the fact of the vellum copy, I invariably +examined all the book {263} catalogues that came in my way for it. At last +the long-wished-for object appeared in the Stowe sale, and I immediately +gave my agent instruction to purchase the book for me, and he might offer +as much as 10l.: he bid 8l., and then it was intimated that it was no use +to go on; that fifty guineas would not purchase it, or any other sum. + +Query, Has this volume been in any other sale? if not, it certainly +connects the Buckingham family with Junius, though it does not prove the +author. + +W. D. HAGGARD. + + [The Stowe copy of Junius, it appears, was bought by Mr. Rodd for 9l., + no doubt upon commission.] + +_What is a "Tye?"_--In Essex, many parishes have a place called "the tye," +which I believe is always an out-lying place where three roads meet. In an +old map I have seen one place now called "Tye" written "Dei." Is it where a +cross once stood, and Tye a corruption of Dei? Forby, in his _East Anglian +Vocabulary_, mentions it, but cannot make it out. + +A. HOLT WHITE. + +_"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout."_--In D'Israeli's _Curiosities of +Literature_, Moxon's edition, in 1 vol. p. 118., or ed. edited by his son, +vol. i. p. 363., under the head "A Literary Wife," are the lines-- + + "Marriage is such a rabble rout, + That those that are out, would fain get in; + And those that are in, would fain get out:" + +quoted from Chaucer. I have heard these lines quoted as being from +_Hudibras_: as I cannot trace them in my editions of Chaucer of Butler, +perhaps some of your readers can tell me where I can find them? + +S. WMSON. + +_Arms of Robert Nelson._--Can any of the numerous readers and +correspondents of "NOTES AND QUERIES" describe the _armorial bearings_ of +_Robert Nelson, Esq._, the author of the _Companion for the Festivals and +Fasts of the Church of England_? He was buried in the burying-ground in +Lamb's Conduit Fields, January, 1714. + +G. F. + +_Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York._--Query, whereabouts in the county of York +is this place? I believe that one of the above is the way of spelling, but +at any rate they have the same sound. + +J. N. C. + +_Moore's Almanack._--Can any of your correspondents inform me as to the +history of _Moore's Almanack_? + +What is the date of its first appearance? Was Francis Moore a real +personage, or merely a myth? + +H. P. W. + +Temple. + +_Archbishop Loftus._--I shall be deeply obliged to any of your +correspondents who will inform me whether, and _where_, any diary or +private memoranda are known to exist of Adam Loftus, who was Archbishop of +Dublin nearly forty years, from 1567 to 1605, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, +and the first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin. He was an ancestor of the +Viscount Loftus, and of the Marquess of Ely. + +HENRY COTTON. + +Thurles, Ireland, March 20. + +_Matrix of Monastic Seal._--A brass matrix has fallen into my hands of a +period certainly not much anterior to the Revolution. Device, the Virgin +and Child, their heads surrounded with nimbi; the former holds in her right +hand three lilies, the latter a globe and cross. The legend is: + +"* SIG[=IL] . MON . [=B] . [=M] . DE . PRATO . ALIAS . DE . BONO . NVNCIO." + +In the field, a shield charged with three lions passant. Can any +correspondent aid me in assigning it rightly? There was an Abbey of St. +Mary de Pratis at Leicester (Vide _Gent. Mag._, vol. xciii. p. 9.); and +there is a church dedicated to "St. Mary in the Marsh at Norwich." In a +recent advertisement I find a notice of Scipio Ricci, Bishop of Pistoia and +Prato, so that the appellation is not very uncommon. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon._--What edition of the Peschito-Syriac +version of the Old and New Testaments, respectively, is considered the +best? Also, what Syriac Lexicon stands highest for value and accuracy? + +T. TN. + +_Villiers Duke of Buckingham._--There is a tradition in Portsmouth, that in +the evening preceding his assassination, Villiers Duke of Buckingham killed +a sailor. Is there any authority for this? + +E. D. + +_Porci solidi-pedes._--Can any of your readers inform me if any pigs with +single hoofs are in existence in any county in England? They are mentioned +in a letter from Sir Thomas Browne to Dugdale the antiquary. + +J. S. P. (a Subscriber). + +_The Heywood Family._--I am anxious to know if Thomas Heywood, the +dramatist, was in any way related to Nathaniel Heywood or Oliver Heywood, +the celebrated Nonconformist ministers in the seventeenth century? Could +any of your correspondents give me information on this point? + +H. A. B. + +Trin. Coll. Camb. + +_Was Charles II. ever in Wales?_--There is a tradition amongst the +inhabitants of Glamorganshire, that, after his defeat at the battle of +Worcester, Charles come to Wales and staid a night at a place called +Llancaiach Vawr, in the parish of Gelligaer. The place then belonged to a +Colonel Pritchard, an officer in the Parliamentary army; and the story +relates that he made himself known to his host, and threw himself upon his +generosity for safety. The colonel assented to his staying for {264} _one_ +night only, but went away himself, afraid, as the story goes, that the +Parliament should come to know he had succoured Charles. I know that +Llancaiach was a place of considerable note long after that, and that an +old farmer used to say he had heard tile story from his father. The +historians, I believe, are all silent as to his having fled to Wales +between the time of his defeat at Worcester and the time he left the +country. + +DAVYDD GAM. + + [Some accounts state that Charles I. was entertained by Colonel + Prichard, when that monarch, travelling through Wales, lost his way + between Tredegar and Brecknock. (See Lewis's _Topographical Dictionary + of Wales_, art. "Gellygaer.")] + +_Dog's Head in the Pot._--"Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Haberdasher of +London, by will, dated 3d Sept. 1563, gave 13s. 4d. annually to the +highways between Barkway and Dogshed-in-the-Pot, otherwise called +Horemayd." + +The Dogshed-in-the-Pot here mentioned was, as I infer, a public-house in +the parish of Great or Little Hormead in Hertfordshire, by the side of the +road from Barkway to London. In Akerman's _Tradesmen's Tokens current in +London_ I find one (numbered 1442) of the "Dogg's-Head-in-the-Potte" in Old +Street, having the device of a dog eating out of a pot; and the token of +Oliver Wallis, in Red Cross Street (No. 1610., A.D. 1667), has the device +of a dog eating out of a three-legged pot. In April, 1850, Hayward Brothers +(late R. Henly and Co.), wholesale and manufacturing builders ironmongers, +196. Blackfriars Road, and 117. and 118. Union Street, Borough, London (who +state their business to have been established 1783), put forth an +advertisement headed with a woodcut of a dog eating out of a three-legged +pot. + +Can any of your readers elucidate this sign of the "Dog's-head-in-the Pot?" + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge, May 24. 1850. + +_"Poor Allinda's growing old."_--Charles II., to vex the Duchess of +Cleveland, caused Will Legge to sing to her-- + + "Poor Allinda's growing old, + Those charms are now no more." + +(See Lord Dartmouth's note in _Burnet_, vol. i. p. 458. ed. 1823.) Let me +ask, through "NOTES AND QUERIES," Dr. Rimbault, Mr. Chappell, or any +readers, where are these verses to be found? + +P. CUNNINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Who was the Author of "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?_--There is an anonymous +tract, entitled _A Modest Enquiry, &c._, (4to. London, 1687), on the +question of St. Peter's ever having been at Rome: proving, in so far as a +negative in the case can be proved, in the most logical, full, clear, and +satisfactory manner, that--_He never was at Rome_; and _never was, either +nominally or otherwise, Bishop_ _of the Church there_: and showing the +grounds for the contrary assertion to be altogether baseless and untrue; +being a tissue of self-contradicting forgeries and frauds, invented long +subsequently to the time, evidently for the sole purpose of justifying the +Papal pretensions of succession and derivation from the Apostle; as those, +and all its other claims, are founded alone upon that fact, and must stand +or fall with it. + +The inquiry is conducted throughout with evidence of great acquaintance +with Scripture and much theological learning (though the writer states +himself to be a layman), without the least undue pretension, and with the +most perfect temperateness and impartiality. The work would seem now well +worth reprinting in a cheap and popular form. + +Who was the author? + +M. + + [In Francis Peck's _Catalogue of Discourses in the Time of King James + II._, No. 226., the name of HENRY CARE is given as the author. A list + of his other works may be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca_.] + +_William Penn's Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform me to whom +his eldest surviving son (William) was married, and also to whom the +children of the said son were married, as well as those of his daughter +Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any? This son and daughter were William +Penn's children by his first marriage with Miss Springett. + +A. U. C. + + [William Penn, eldest son (of William Penn by Miss Springett), had two + children, Gulielma Maria, married to Charles Fell, and William Penn of + the Rocks in Sussex, who by his first wife, Christian Forbes, had a + daughter and heir, married to Peter Gaskell. Mrs. Aubrey was living in + 1718. Our correspondent may also be referred to Mr. Hepworth Dixon's + recently published _William Penn, an Historical Biography_.] + +_Deal, Dover, and Harwich._--Where do the following lines come from? + + "Deal, Dover, and Harwich, + The devil gave with his daughter in marriage; + And, by a codicil to his will, + He added Helvoet and the Brill." + +J. H. L. + + [Francis Grose, in his _Collection of Proverbs_, speaks of them as "A + satirical squib thrown at the innkeepers of those places, in return for + the many impositions practised on travellers, as well natives as + strangers. Equally applicable to most other sea-ports."] + +_Author of Broad Stone of Honour._--Who is the author of the _Broad Stone +of Honour_, of which mention is made in the _Guesses at Truth_, 1st series, +p. 230., &c., and in the _Ages of Faith_, p. 236., works of some interest +in reference to the Papal discussions which are raging at present? + +NEMO. + + [Kenelm M. Digby is the author of the _Broad Stone of Honour_.] + +{265} + +_Pope Joan._--Can any information be procured as to the origin of the game +called Pope Joan, and (what is of more importance) of the above title, +whether any such personage ever held the keys of St Peter and wore the +tiara? If so, at what period and for what time, and what is known of her +personal history? + +NEMO. + + [That _Papissa Joanna_ is merely a fictitious character, is now + universally acknowledged by the best authorities. "Clearer + confirmations must be drawn for the history of Pope Joan, who succeeded + Leo IV. and preceded Benedict III., than many we yet discover, and he + wants not grounds that doubts it." So thought Sir Thomas Browne, in his + _Vulgar Errors_, B. vii. Ch. 17. Gibbon, too, rejects it as fabulous. + "Till the Reformation," he says, "the tale was repeated and believed + without offence, and Joan's female statue long occupied her place among + the Popes in the Cathedral of Sienna. She has been annihilated by two + learned Protestants, Blondel and Bayle; but their brethren were + scandalized by this equitable and generous criticism. Spanheim and + L'Enfant attempted to save this poor engine of controversy, and even + Mosheim condescends to cherish some doubt and suspicion."--_The Decline + and Fall of the Roman Empire_, chap. xlix. Spanheim's work, _Joanna + Papissa Restituta_, was printed at Leyden in 1692.] + +_The Well o' the World's End._--I am very anxious to find out, whether +there still exists in print (or if it is known to any one now alive) an old +Scotch fairy tale called "The Weary Well at the World's End?" Charles +Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., who is unhappily dead lately, knew the story and +meant to write it down; but he became too infirm to do so, and though many +very old people in the hilly districts of Lammermoor and Roxburghshire +remember parts of it, and knew it in their youth, I cannot find one who +knows it entirely. + +L. M. M. R. + + [Some references to the story alluded to by our correspondent will be + found in Dr. Leyden's valuable introduction to _The Complaynt of + Scotland_; and the story itself in Chambers's admirable collection of + Scottish Folk Lore, _Popular Rhymes of Scotland_, p. 236. of the third + edition, which form vol. vii. of the _Select Writings of Robert + Chambers_.] + +_Sides and Angles._--What is the most simple and least complicated method +of determining the various relations of the sides and angles of the acute +and obtuse-angled triangles, without the aid of trigonometry, construction, +or, in fact, by any method except arithmetic? + +F. G. F. + +St. Andrew's. + + [The relations of sides and angles cannot be obtained without + trigonometry in some shape. A very easy work has lately been published + by Mr. Hemming, in which there is as little as possible of technical + trigonometry.] + +_Meaning of Ratche._--In John Frith's _Antithesis_, published in 1529, he +says: + + "The pope and bishops hunt the wild deer, the fox, and the hare, in + their closed parks, with great cries, and horns blowing, with hounds + and _ratches_ running." + +I should be glad to have the word _ratches_ satisfactorily explained. + +H. W. + + [From a note by Steevens on the line in _King Lear_ (Boswell's + _Shakspeare_, vol. x. p. 155.), it appears that the late Mr. Hawkins, + in his notes to _The Return from Parnassus_, p. 237., says, "That a + _rache_ is a dog that hunts by scent wild beasts, birds, and even + fishes, and that the female of it is called a _brache_:" and in + _Magnificence_, an ancient Interlude of Morality, by Skelton, printed + by Rastell, no date, is the following line: + + "Here is a leyshe of ratches to renne an hare." + +In a following note, Mr. Tollet, after saying "What is here said of a +_rache_, might, perhaps, be taken from Holinshed's _Description of +Scotland_, p. 14.," proceeds, "The females of all dogs were once called +_braches_; and Ulitius upon Gratius observes, 'Racha Saxonibus canem +significabat unde Scoti hodie _Rache_ pro cane foemina habent, quod Anglis +est _Brache_.'"] + +_"Feast of Reason," &c._--Seeing your correspondents ask where couplets are +to be found, I venture to ask whence comes the line-- + + "The feast of reason and the flow of soul." + +I have often heard it asked, but never answered. + +H. W. D. + + [It will be found in Pope's _Imitations of Horace_, Book ii. Satire i.: + + "There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl + The feast of reason and the flow of soul."] + +_Tu Autem._--In page 25. of "Hertfordshire," in Fuller's _Worthies_, there +is a story of one Alexander Nequam, who, wishing to become a monk of St. +Alban's, wrote thus to the abbot thereof: + + "Si vis, veniam. Sin autem, tu autem." + +To which the abbot replied: + + "Si bonus sis, venias. Si Nequam, nequaquam." + +Can any of your readers inform me of the meaning of "tu autem" in the first +line? as I have been long puzzled. + +This puts me in mind of a form which there was at Ch. Ch., Oxford, on +"gaudy" days. Some junior students went to the "high table" to say a Latin +grace, and when they had finished it, they were dismissed by the Dean +saying "Tu autem;" on which, I remember, there was invariably a smile +pervading the faces of those present, even that of the Dean himself, as no +one seemed to know the meaning of the phrase. I believe that it was in my +time an enigma to all. Can any of your ingenious readers solve me this? + +H. C. K. + +----Rectory, Hereford. + + [Pegge in his _Anonymiana_, Cent. iv. Sect. 32. says, "At St. John's + College, Cambridge, a scholar, in my time, read some part of a chapter + in a Latin Bible; and after he had read a short time, the President, or + {266} the Fellow that sat in his place cried, _Tu autem_. Some have + been at a loss for the meaning of this; but it is the beginning of the + suffrage, which was supposed to follow the reading of the Scripture, + which the reading scholar was to continue by saying _Miserere mei, + Domine_. But at last it came to mean no more than to be a cue to the + reader to desist or give over."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 87. 189.) + +The inquiry of P., in p. 87., seems to indicate an impression that all the +witnesses to the charter of Hugh Lupus to Chester Abbey were barons of the +Palatinate, but only a few of them were such, the rest being of England +generally. + +The original barons of the Palatinate were clearly distinguishable by +possession of privileges confirmed to them by a well-known charter of Earl +Ranulph III.; and all the Norman founders of their baronies will be found, +under Cestrescire, in Domesday, as tenants in capite, from the Earl +Palatine, of lordships within the lyme of his county. + +_Bigod de Loges_ (one of the subjects of P.'s inquiry) will not bear this +test, unless he was identical with Bigot, Norman lord of the manors +afterwards comprised in Aldford Fee, which is not known to have been the +case. For this last-named Bigot, whose lands descended through the Alfords +to Arderne, reference may be made to the _History of Cheshire_, I. xxix., +II. 411. + +_William Malbanc_, the other subject of inquiry, who has eluded M. J. T.'s +searches, is easily identified. He was the Norman baron of Nantwich, the +Willelmus Malbedeng of the _Domesday Survey_ (vol. i. p. 265. col. 2.), and +the name is also written thus in the copy of H. Lupus's charter referred +to, which was ratified under inspection by Guncelyn de Badlesmere, +Justiciary of Chester in 8 Edw. I. + +The charter, with Badlesmere's attestation prefixed, will be found in +Leycester's _Cheshire Antiquities_, p. 109., and in Ormerod's _Hist. of +Cheshire_, vol. i. p. 12. In the latter work, in vol. iii., the inquirer +will also find an account of William Malbedeng or Malbanc, his estates, his +descendant coheirs, and their several subdivisions, extending from p. 217. +to p. 222., under the proper head of Nantwich or _Wich Malbanc_, a still +existing Palatine barony. + +LANCASTRIENSIS. + +Your correspondent M. J. T. says it appears from-- + + "_The MS. Catalogue_ of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that + Robert and Roger de Loges possessed lordships in the districts of + Coutances in Normandy." + +Will he be so good as to say what _MS. Catalogue_ he refers to? He seems to +speak of _the MS._ _Catalogue_ of Norman nobility as if it were some +well-known public and authentic record. + +Q. G. + + * * * * * + +EDMUND PRIDEAUX AND THE FIRST POST-OFFICE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 186.) + +In a recent number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (which, by the way, I have only +recently become acquainted with) I saw the Queries of your correspondent +G. P. P. upon the above subject, and having some time ago had occasion to +investigate it, I accumulated a mass of notes from various sources,--and +these I send you, rough and unpolished as they are, in the hope that in the +absence of better information, they may prove to be acceptable. + +Herodotus (viii. 98.) mentions the existence of a method of communication +among the Persians, by means of horsemen placed at certain distances. + +In the Close and Misae Rolls (_temp. King John et post_) payments are +recorded for nuncii who were charged with the carriage of letters. + +In 1481, Edward IV., during his war with Scotland, established horse riders +at _posts_ twenty miles apart, by which letters were conveyed two hundred +miles in two days (Gale's _Hist. Croyland_); and the Scottish Parliament +issued an ordinance for facilitating the expedition of couriers throughout +the kingdom. Carriers of letters also existed in England about this time, +for in a letter from Sir J. Paston, written in 1471, we are informed that +"Courby, the carrier, hath had 40d. for the third hired horse," for a +journey from Norwich to London and back. (Fenn's _Paston Letters_, 4to. +vol. v. p. 73.) + +In 1542, letters reached Edinburgh on the fourth day from their despatch +from London. (Sadler's _Letters and Negociations_.) + +In 1548, the rate to be charged for post-horse hire was fixed by statute (2 +& 3 Edw. VI. cap. 3.) at one penny per mile. + +In 1581 (according to Camden), Thomas Randolph was appointed the first +Chief Postmaster of all England. + +James I. established (date unknown) the office of Foreign Postmaster, which +was first held by Mathewe le Questor. + +In 1631, Charles I. appointed William Frizell and Thomas Witherings (in +reversion) to the sole management of the foreign post-office. And at this +date it seems a regular home post was also carried on, as appears by the +following entry from the Corporation Books of Great Yarmouth:--"1631. +Agreed, June 6, with the Postmaster of Ipswich to have Quarterly 20s. paid +him for carrying and bringing letters to and from London to Yarmouth for +the vse of the Towne." + +In 1635, Charles I. issued a proclamation for the establishment of "a +running post or two, to {267} run night and day between Edinburgh and +Scotland and the City of London, to go thither and come back again in six +days:" branch posts were also to be established with all the principal +towns on the road: the rates of postage were fixed at 2d. under 80 miles; +4d. for 140 miles; 6d. beyond; and 8d. to Scotland. This is conclusive +evidence that a regular post-office establishment existed nearly ten years +_before Prideaux had anything to do with the post-office_. + +In 1640, a proclamation was issued by the Long Parliament, by which the +offices of Foreign and Inland Postmaster (then held by Witherings) were +sequestrated into the hands of one Philip Burlamachy, a city merchant. Soon +after this we find a Committee of the Commons, with "Master Edmund +Prideaux" for chairman, inquiring into the matter. + +In 1644, a resolution of the Commons declared that "Edmund Prideaux, Esq., +a member of the House," was "constituted master of the posts, messengers, +and couriers." + +In 1649 Prideaux established a weekly conveyance to every part of the +kingdom; and also appears to have introduced other judicious reforms and +improvements,--indeed he seems to have been the Rowland Hill of those days; +but he has not the slightest claim to be considered as the "Inventor of the +Post-office." The mistake may have arisen from a misapprehension of the +following statement frown Blackstone: "Prideaux first established a weekly +conveyance of letters into all parts of the nation, _thereby saving to the +public the charge of maintaining postmasters_, to the amount of 7000l. per +annum." + +I have not been able to obtain any particulars of Prideaux's personal +history. + +MERCURII. + +Jememutha Magna. + +_Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office._--See the Appendix to the +Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Commons on the Detaining and +Opening of Letters at the Post-Office, 1844, which contains copies of +numerous documents furnished by Mr. Lechmere and Sir Francis Palgrave. + +ARUN. + + [We avail ourselves of this opportunity of inserting the following + extract from Mr. Rowland Hill's _Post-Office Reform; its Importance and + Practicability_, p. 86. of the third edition, published in 1837, as it + shows clearly the use which Mr. Rowland Hill made of the story in his + great work of Postage Reform; and that Miss Martineau had clearly no + authority for fathering the story in question upon that gentleman:-- + + "Coleridge tells a story which shows how much the Post-office is open + to fraud, in consequence of the option as to pre-payment which now + exists. The story is as follows:-- + + 'One day, when I had not a shilling which I could spare, I was passing + by a cottage not far from Keswick, where a letter-carrier was demanding + a shilling for a letter, which the woman of the house appeared + unwilling to pay, and at last declined to take. I paid the postage, and + when the man was out of sight, she told me that the letter was from her + son, who took that means of letting her know that he was well; the + letter was _not to be paid for_. It was then opened and found to be + blank!'[1] + + "This trick is so obvious a one that in all probability it is + extensively practised."] + +[Footnote 1: _Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S. T. +Coleridge_, vol. ii. p. 114.] + +The quotations of your correspondent G. P. P., from Polwhele's _Cornwall_, +relate to the same individual, and a more general construction must, I +think, be put upon the expression "our countryman," than that it inferred a +native of the county. The family of Prideaux was one of great antiquity, +and originated in Cornwall (their first seat being at Prideaux Castle +there), and had estates there in the time of the above Edmund. His father, +Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton (the first baronet), studied the law in +the Inner Temple, where he became very eminent for his skill and learning. +He is stated to have raised a large estate in the counties of Devon and +Cornwall. He married * * *; secondly, Catherine, daughter of Piers +Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe, Esq., by whom he had two sons, Sir Peter his +successor, and Edmund, the subject of your correspondent's Queries, who is +thus described in Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, p. 509.:-- + + "This gentleman was bred to the law, and of so great a reputation, as + well for zeal to religion as skill in the law, it is not strange he was + chosen a Member of that which was called the Long Parliament, wherein + he became a very leading man; for, striking in with the prevailing + party of those times (though he never joined with them in setting upon + the life of his Sovereign), he grew up to great wealth and dignity. He + was made Commissioner of the Great Seal [1643. Rushworth, vol. iii. p. + 242.], worth 1500l. a-year and by ordinance of Parliament practised + within the bar as one of the king's counsel, worth 5000l. per annum. + After that he was Attorney General, _worth what he pleased to make it_ + [!!], and then _Postmaster General_ ... from all which rich employments + he acquired a great estate, and among other things purchased the _Abbey + of Ford_, lying in the Parish of Thorncombe, in Devonshire, where he + built a noble new house out of the ruins of the old," &c. + +Prideaux cannot be called the inventor of the Post-office, although to him +may be attributed the extension of the system. The first inland letter +office, which, however, extended to some of the principal roads only, was +established by Charles I. in 1635, under the direction of Thomas +Witherings, who was superseded in 1640. On the breaking out of the civil +war, great confusion was occasioned in the conduct of the office, and about +that time Prideaux's plan seems to have been conceived. {268} He was +chairman of a committee in 1642 for considering the rates upon inland +letters; and afterwards (1644) appointed Postmaster, in the execution of +which office he first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all +parts of the nation. Prior to this, letters were sent by special +messengers, or postmasters, whose duty it was to supply relays of horses at +a certain mileage. (_Blackstone_, book i. c. 8. s. 3.) + +I am unable to discover when Edmund Prideaux died; but it appears that +either he, or one of his descendants, took part in the rising of the Duke +of Monmouth in the West of England, upon which occasion the "great estate" +was found of great service in providing a bribe for Lord Jeffreys. In the +Life of Lord Jeffreys, annexed to the _Western Martyrology; or, Bloody +Assizes_ (5th ed. 266. London, 1705), it is said that "A western +gentleman's purchase came to fifteen or sixteen hundred guineas, which my +Lord Chancellor had." And Rapin, vol. ii. p. 270., upon the authority of +Echard, iii. p. 775., states that in 1685 one Mr. Prideaux, of Ford Abbey, +Somerset, gave Jeffreys 14000l. [probably misprint for 1400l.] "to save his +life." + +I think it likely that your correspondent may find further information upon +the subject of this note, in the _Life of Dr. Humphrey Prideaux, Dean of +Norwich_ (born 1648, died 1724), published in 1748. + +J. B. COLMAN. + +Eye, March 18. 1851. + +Polwhele was clearly wrong in designating Edmund Prideaux, the +Attorney-General, a Cornishman, as he belonged to the family long seated in +Devonshire, and was fourteenth in descent from Hickedon Prideaux, of +Orcharton, in that county, second son of Nicholas, lord of Prideaux, in +Cornwall, who died in 1169. + +The four Queries of G. P. P. may be more or less fully answered by +reference to Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, ed. 1810, p. 651.; and an +excellent history of the Post-office in the _Penny Magazine_ for 1834, p. +33. + +Is it too much to ask of your correspondent, who writes from Putney under +my initials, that he will be so good as to change his signature? I think +that I have strong reasons for the request, but I will only urge that I was +first in the field, under the designation which he has adopted.[2] + +J. D. S. + +[Footnote 2: [Would J. D. S. No 1, and J. D. S. No. 2, add the final letter +of their respective names, _h n s y_, or whatever it may be, the difficulty +may probably be avoided. We have now so many correspondents that +coincidence of signature can scarcely be avoided.]] + + * * * * * + +LADY JANE OF WESTMORELAND. + +(Vol. i., p. 103.; Vol. ii., p. 485.) + +_Jane_, Countess of Henry Neville, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland, was +daughter of SIR ROGER CHOLMLEY, of Kinthorpe and Roxby, co. York. (_Vis. +York. Harl. MS._ 1487. _fol._ 354.) She is often confused with his other +wife, Anne Manners, and also with her own sister, Margaret Gascoigne, both +in the Neville and Cholmley pedigrees as _printed_. (Burke's _Extinct +Baronetage_, art. _Cholmley_, and _Extinct Peerage_, art. _Neville_.) But +while the Manners pedigree in Collins's _Peerage_ (by Longmate, vol. i. p. +433.), as cited by Q. D., removes the former difficulty, that of Gascoigne +is disposed of by the Cholmley pedigree in Harl. MS. above quoted, as well +as by that (though otherwise very incorrect) in Charlton's _Whitby_, book +iii. pp. 290, 291. 313., and by the Gascoigne pedigree in Whitaker's +_Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 77. Thus we possess _legal and cotemporary_ +evidence who JANE, Countess of _Henry_, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland, +really was, without any authentic obstacle or unremoveable contradiction to +its reception, viz. that she was a _Cholmley_. + +But I conceive your correspondent's identification is _totally_ erroneous. +It is true he only puts an hypothesis on the subject; but this hypothesis +has no solid foundation. In the first place, Henry, fifth Earl of +Westmoreland, died in 1549; and all authorities seem to agree that his +first wife was Anne Manners, and his second Cholmley's daughter. Thus, if +either of his countesses were living in 1585, it must have been the +_latter_, by which means all chance of appropriation is removed from +Manners to Cholmley. But I shall now give reasons for contending that +neither of these ladies was your correspondent's Countess of Westmoreland, +by referring him (2ndly) to Longmate's _Collins's Peerage_, vol. i. p. 96., +where he will find that _Jane_, daughter of Henry Howard, the talented and +accomplished Earl of Surry, married Charles Neville, _sixth_ Earl of +Westmoreland. He has evidently passed her over, through seeing her called +_Anne_ in the Neville pedigrees: "Anne" and "Jane" being often mutually +misread in old writing, from the cross upon the initial letter of the last +name. + +I offer it to your correspondent's consideration, whether his "Jane, +Countess of Westmoreland," was not wife of the said Charles Neville, +_sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted 18 Eliz. (1575-6). His date +is evidently most favourable to this view. It is true the attainder stands +in the way; but if even this affords an obstacle, the next candidate for +appropriation would be Jane _Cholmley_. Assuming, however, that your +correspondent allows this lady as a candidate for the appropriation, her +pedigree corroborates the claim. I have found, by long and minute +observation, that hereditary talent, &c. usually descends by the _mesmeric_ +{269} tie of affection and favoritism, from fathers to the eldest daughter, +and from mothers to the eldest son; and the pedigree of _Jane_, Countess of +Charles, _sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, stands thus:-- + + EDWARD STAFFORD, Duke of Buckingham; great, + good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to envy.== + | + ---------------------------------- + | + _1st Dau._ ELIZABETH, wife of Thomas Howard, third + Duke of Norfolk. == + | + --- + | + _1st Son._ HENRY HOWARD, Earl of Surry, the poet; + great, good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to + envy == as physical heir of his mat. grandfather. + | + ------- + | + _1st Dau._ JANE, wife of Charles Neville, sixth Earl of + Westmoreland (and qu. the authoress in question?). + +Besides being eldest daughter of the celebrated poet, the said Jane, +Countess of Westmoreland, was sister of Henry Howard, the learned Earl of +Northampton, her father's younger son--(some younger son, like eldest +daughters, generally inheriting, physically, in some prominent feature, +from the father). + +WILLIAM D'OYLY BAYLEY. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. iii., pp. 60. 191.).--In addition to the information +supplied by MR. FOSS, it may be mentioned that this manuscript is so called +from having been referred to by Griesbach as the _Codex Ulmensis apud +Gerbert_. This takes us to the _Iter Alemannicum, Italicum et Gallicum_ of +Martin Gerbert, published in 1765, at p. 192. of which work he informs us, +that in the year 1760 this manuscript was preserved at Ulm in the library +of the family of Krafft, which consisted of 6000 volumes, printed and +manuscript. Of its history from this period till it came into Bishop +Butler's hands, I am ignorant. Its reference at present in the British +Museum is _MSS. Add._ 11,852. + +[mu]. + +_Father Maximilian Hell_ (Vol. iii., p. 167.).--A querist is in conscience +bound to be a respondent; I therefore hasten to tell you that Dr. Watt +(_Biblioth. Britan._ iv. MAGNETISM, ANIMAL) should have written _Hell_ +instead of _Hehl_. It was that eminent astronomer, Maximilian _Hell_, who +supposed that magnets affected the human frame, and, at first, approved of +Mesmer's views. The latter was at Vienna in 1774; and perhaps got some +parts of his theory from Father Hell, of whom he was afterwards jealous, +and therefore very abusive. The life of Hell in Dr. Aikin's _General +Biography_ is an unsatisfactory compilation drawn up by Mr. W. Johnston, to +whom we are indebted for the current barbarism _so-called_. In that account +there is not one word on Hell's _Treatise on Arti__ficial Magnets_, Vienna, +1763; in which the germ of animal magnetism may probably be found. + +ENGASTRIMYTHUS. + +_Meaning of "strained" as used by Shakspeare_ (Vol. iii., p. 185.).--The +context of the passage quoted by L. S. explains the sense in which +Shakspeare used the word "strain'd:" + + "_Portia._ Then _must_ the Jew be merciful. + _Shylock._ On what _compulsion_ must I? tell me that. + _Portia._ The quality of mercy is not strain'd," &c. + +that is, there is nothing forced, nothing of compulsion in the quality of +mercy. + +Johnson gives: "To strain, to force, to constrain." + +Q. D. + +L. S. will find his difficulty solved by Johnson's Dictionary (a work to +which he himself refers), if he compares the following quotation with +Portia's reply to Shylock:-- + + "He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth + Is forced and strained," &c. + +EGDUF. + + [We have also to thank, for replying to this Query, our correspondents + R. F., R. T. G. H., P. K., J. H. KERSHAW, C. M., Y., E. N. W., C. D. + LAMONT, and also MR. SNOW, who remarks that "actresses rarely commence + this speech satisfactorily, or give, or seem to feel, the point of + contrast between the _must_ and _no must_, the _compulsion_ and _no + compulsion_. In fact, the whole of it is usually mouthed out, without + much reference to Shylock or the play, as if it had been learned by + rote from a school speech-book. Hazlitt says, in his _Characters of + Shakspeare's Plays_, 'The speech about mercy is very well, but there + are a thousand finer ones in Shakspeare.'"] + +_Headings of Chapters in English Bibles_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--The +summaries of the contents of each chapter, as found in the authorised +editions of our English Bible, were prefixed by Miles Smith, bishop of +Gloucester, one of the original translators, who also wrote the preface, +and, in conjunction with Bishop Bilson, finally reviewed the whole work. +Your correspondent will find full answers to his other queries in +Stackhouse and Tomlins; in Johnson's _History of English Translations_, +&c.; and in T. H. Horne's _Introduction_. + +COWGILL. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The author of _The History of the Church of Rome to the end of the +Episcopate of Damasus_, A.D. 384, which has just been published by Messrs. +Longman, well remarks, "that he is not aware that there is any account of +the Church of Rome, framed on the simple and obvious principle of merely +collecting and arranging the testimony of history with regard to facts, and +so presented to the reader as that he should leave a right to believe that +when he has read what is before him, he {270} has learnt all that is to +known. This is strange, considering the points at issue, and the extent, +duration, and intensity of the controversies which have been carried on +between that Church and the rest of Christendom." It is indeed strange, and +it happens fortunately, looking at the all-important question which now +agitates the public mind, that the subject should have engaged for some +years the attention of a learned, acute, and laborious scholar like Mr. +Shepherd, so that he is enabled to put forth the result of his inquiries +upon this interesting topic at this moment. Mr. Shepherd's book is indeed a +startling one: and when we tell our readers that he "has proved, or, to say +the least, has given such indications as will lead to the proof that some +documents which have been quoted as authorities in the History of the Early +Christian Church, are neither genuine nor authentic;" that he has pretty +well resolved St. Cyprian into a purely mythic personage; and shown that +all the letters in his works passed between imagined or imaginary +correspondents,--we think we are justified in pronouncing his _History of +the Church of Rome_ a work calculated to excite the deepest interest in all +who peruse it (and by the omission of all long quotations in the learned +languages, it is adapted for the perusal of all), to exercise great +influence on the public mind, and to awaken a host of endeavours to combat +and overthrow arguments which appear to us, however, to be irresistible. + +The Council of the Shakspeare Society has just issued to the members the +first volume for the present year. It contains _Two Historical Plays on the +Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by Thomas Heywood_, which are very ably +edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Mr. Collier; and we have no +doubt will be very acceptable; first, from the interest of the plays +themselves, the second of which appears to have been extremely popular; +and, lastly, as a further instalment towards a complete collection of +Heywood's dramatic works. + +Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Tuesday and Wednesday next a +valuable portion of the Library of a gentleman, including the late Charles +Mathews' copy of the Second Shakspeare; a valuable series of works on +Annuities, &c.; and another on the History and Antiquities of London. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Supplement on the Doctrine and Discipline of the Greek +Church._ We characterised Mr. Appleyard's interesting little volume, +entitled, _The Greek Church_, as historical rather than doctrinal. The +title of this Supplement shows that it expressly supplies the very material +in which the original work was deficient.--_Archaeologia Cambrensis, New +Series, No. VI._ A very good number of this record of the Antiquities of +Wales and its Marches, and in which are commenced two series of papers of +great interest to the Principality: one on the Architectural Antiquities of +Monmouthshire, by Mr. Freeman; the other on the Poems of Taliessin, by Mr. +Stephens. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--W. Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part 52. of +Valuable Second-hand Books, Ancient and Modern;--Cole's (15. Great +Turnstile, Holborn) List No. 33. of very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 27. of Antiquarian, +Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; Charles Skeet's +(21. King William Street, Strand) List No. 2. of Miscellaneous Books just +purchased. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + WOOD'S ATHENAE, by Bliss. Vol. 3. 4to. + + DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. Vols. 2. and 4. 4to. + + NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES. Vol. 4. 8vo. 1812. + + MEDE'S WORKS, by Worthington. 1664. Fol. Vol. 1. + + DODD'S CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 2. Fol. edition. + + WARBURTON'S (BISHOP) WORKS. 4to. edition. Vol. 1. + + A MIRROR FOR MATHEMATICS, by Robert Tanner, Gent. London, 1587. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We are reluctantly compelled, by want of room, to postpone until next +week_ MR. SINGER'S _Paper on a passage in Shakspeare's_ Anthony and +Cleopatra; _one by_ MR. DAWSON TURNER _on the Authors of the Rolliad; and +many other interesting communications._ + +CROMWELL'S DEVLINGS WITH THE DEVIL. S. H. H. _is thanked for the curious +MS. he has forwarded upon this subject, which shall appear next week, when +the original shall be carefully returned. We should be glad to see the +other paper referred to by_ S. H. H. + +A. L. _is thanked. The only reason for the non-appearance of any of his +communications is, that they were not sent_ separately, _and we have not +had time to make a selection. We take this opportunity of again begging +correspondents who write to us on several subjects to oblige us by writing +on separate papers; and_ (_which does not refer to_ A. L.) _by writing_ +plainly, _more particularly_ proper names _and_ quotations. + +K. R. H. M. _Received._ + +NOCAB _has our very best thanks for his kind letter, and his endeavours to +increase our circulation. We are endeavouring to arrange for a permanent +enlargement of our paper, and propose shortly to make use of_ NOCAB'S +_communication and valuable hint._ + +SING'S _reminder, that Saturday last, the 29th of March, was "the centenary +anniversary of the death of Captain Coram, the worthy founder of the +Foundling," reached us too late for us to call attention to it._ + +MR. A. J. DUNKIN'S _communication on the subject of his proposed_ Monumenta +Anglicana _shall have our early attention._ + +KERRIENSIS _is thanked for several interesting communications of which we +propose to make an early use._ + +_Will_ L. M. M. R. _send his address? The book he wants has been reported +to the publisher._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Mathew's Med. Passage--San Grail--Nettle in. &c.--The +Tanthony--Treatise by Engelbert--Circulation of the Blood--Sir A. +Chadwick--Rowley Powley--Langholme Fair--Epitaph on a Turncoat--Gig +Hill--Damasked Linen--Endeavour--Meaning of Strained--Rack--Daughter of +James II.--Snail-eating--Munchausen's Travels--Mitre, &c.--Cloven +Tongues--"Going the whole hog"--Expression in Milton--Haybands in +Seals--King John at Lincoln--Handbell--Vineyards--Mazer Wood._ + +VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price +9s. 6d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c. are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + +_Errata._--P. 236, Col. 2. l. 26, for _Hanse town_ read _hamlet_; p. 238, +col. 1. l. 27, for "_cr_atus" read "_n_atus"; p. 217, col. 1. l. 29. for +"Cou_n_t" read "Cou_r_t"; p. 250, col. 1. l. 4, for "_T_edley" read +"_S_edley," col. 2. l. 23, for "tant_us_" read "tant_as_." + +{271} + + * * * * * + + +On the 31st of March was commenced the Publication of a + +NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY, + +In Monthly Volumes, each containing Three Hundred and Twenty Pages, and +from Thirty to a Hundred Engravings, + +Price Half-a-Crown, Beautifully Bound. + + * * * * * + +The Age in which we live is essentially of a _practical_ character, and the +predominant principle influencing all classes is a marked desire for +_cheapness_. 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