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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23402]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{257} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 75.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 5. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+
+  Two Chancellors, by Edward Foss                        257
+
+  Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III.                     258
+
+  Folk Lore:--Cure of Hooping Cough--Charms from
+  Devonshire--Lent Lilies--Oak Webs, &c.                 258
+
+  The Threnodia Carolina of Sir Thomas Herbert, by
+  Bolton Corney                                          259
+
+  Minor Notes:--Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis--Moorfields
+  in Charles II.'s Time--Derivation of Yankee--A
+  Word to Literary Men                                   260
+
+  QUERIES:
+
+  Poems of John Seguard of Norwich, by Sir F. Madden     261
+
+  Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke                    262
+
+  Minor Queries:--The Vellum-bound Junius--What is
+  a Tye?--"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout"--Arms
+  of Robert Nelson--Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York
+  --Moore's Almanack--Archbishop Loftus--Matrix
+  of Monastic Seal--Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon--
+  Villiers Duke of Buckingham--Porci solidi-pedes--
+  The Heywood Family--Was Charles II. ever in
+  Wales?--Dog's Head in the Pot--"Poor Alinda's
+  growing old"                                           262
+
+  MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Who was the Author of
+  "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?--William Penn's Family
+  --Deal, Dover, and Harwich--Author of Broad
+  Stone of Honour--Pope Joan--The Well o' the
+  World's End--Sides and Angles--Meaning of Ratche
+  --"Feast of Reason," &c.--Tu autem                     264
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Barons of Hugh Lupus                                   266
+
+  Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office              266
+
+  Lady Jane of Westmoreland                              268
+
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Father
+  Maximilian Hell--Meaning of "strained" as used by
+  Shakspeare--Headings of Chapters in English Bibles     269
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                 269
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                           270
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                              270
+
+  Advertisements                                         271
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+TWO CHANCELLORS.
+
+Although neither your readers nor I are politicians enough to interfere in
+the changes proposed with reference to the office of Lord Chancellor, I
+doubt not that some of them, now the subject is on the _tapis_, may feel
+interested in a fact connected with it, which our ancient records disclose:
+namely, that on one occasion there were _two chancellors_ acting at the
+same time for several months together, and both regularly appointed by the
+king.
+
+It is an unique instance, occurring in the reign of Edward IV.: the two
+chancellors being Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, and John Alcock,
+Bishop of Rochester. The former received the Great Seal in May, 1474, in
+the fourteenth year of the reign, and without any doubt continued
+chancellor till the king's death; and yet, from April to September in the
+following year, the latter was also addressed by the same title. During
+that interval of five months, there are numerous writs of Privy Seal
+addressed by the king to both, in which each of them is styled "our
+chancellor."
+
+This curious circumstance may be thus accounted for. King Edward had for
+some time been contemplating an invasion of France; and when his
+preparations were completed (about April), as he required his chancellor,
+Bishop Rotheram, to attend him on the expedition, it became necessary to
+provide some competent person to transact the business of the Chancery in
+his absence. On previous occasions of this nature, it had been usual to
+place the seal that was used in England, when the king was abroad, in the
+hands of the Master of the Rolls, or some other master in Chancery, with
+the title of Keeper: but, for some unexplained reason (perhaps because
+Bishop Alcock was a man whom the king delighted to honour), this prelate
+was dignified with the superior designation, although Bishop Rotheram still
+retained it. The voyage being delayed from April to July, during the whole
+of that period, each being in England, both acted in the same character;
+Privy Seals, as I have said, being sent to both, and bills in Chancery
+being addressed also to Bishop Alcock as chancellor. Rotheram was with the
+king in France as his chancellor, and is so described on opening the
+negotiation in August, which led to the discreditable peace by which Edward
+made himself a pensioner to the French king. No Privy Seals were addressed
+to Alcock after September 28; which may therefore be considered the close
+of this double chancellorship, and the date of Bishop Rotheram's return to
+England.
+
+Who knows whether the discovery of this ancient authority may not suggest
+to our legislators the division of the title between two possessors {258}
+with distinct duties, in the same manner that two chief justices were
+substituted in the reign of Henry III. for one chief justiciary?
+
+The immediate interest of this fact has prompted me to anticipate its
+appearance in the volumes of my work, which you have been kind enough to
+announce as being in the press.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. III.
+
+ "Now flieth Venus in to Ciclinius tour.
+      *    *    *    *    *    *
+ "Alas, and there hath she no socour,
+  For she ne found ne sey no maner wight.
+      *    *    *    *    *    *
+ "Wherefore her selven for to hide and save,
+  Within the gate she fledde in to a cave.
+      *    *    *    *    *    *
+ "Now God helpe sely Venus alone,
+  But as God wold it happed for to be,
+  That while the weping Venus made her mone,
+  Ciclinius riding in his chirachee,
+  _Fro Venus Valanus might this palais see;_
+  And Venus he salveth and maketh chere,
+  And her receiveth as his frende full dere."
+              _Complaint of Mars and Venus._
+
+Having in my last communication (Vol. iii., p. 235.) shown cause for the
+alteration in the foregoing quotation of Ciclinius into Cyllenius, I shall
+now endeavour to interpret the line in Italics, which in its present shape
+is utterly without meaning.
+
+Whatever word _Valanus_ may be supposed to represent, whether a proper or a
+common name, still the construction of the whole line is evidently corrupt.
+
+Taking Valanus, in the first place, as a proper name, the most probable
+original would be VALENS; for the connexion of which with Mercury we must
+refer to Cicero (_De Nat. Deor._ iii. 22.), where mention is made of it in
+these words:--
+
+    "Alter (Mercurius) _Valentis_ et Phoronidis filius, is qui sub terris
+    habetur idem Trophonius."
+
+Here the identification with Trophonius strikes us at once as affording a
+clue to THE CAVE into which Venus fled, giving great probability to Valens
+as the true solution of Chaucer's meaning.
+
+But if we receive it as such, the following hypothesis becomes necessary,
+viz., that Chaucer imagined a _double impersonation_ of Mercury--one
+absent, the other present,--one sidereal, the other mythological,--one
+Cyllenius, the other Valens.
+
+When Venus first enters Mercury's "palais," she "_ne found ne sey no maner
+wight_." This signifies the absence from home of _Cyllenius_, who was
+abroad upon "his chirachee" in attendance upon the Sun; and here again is
+an instance of the nice astronomical accuracy of Chaucer. It was impossible
+that the _planet_ Mercury could be in the sign Gemini, because his greatest
+elongation, or apparent distance from the sun, does not exceed 29 degrees;
+so that the Sun having but just entered Taurus, Mercury could not be in
+Gemini. Neither could Venus see Valens (the other impersonation of
+Mercury), because of his concealment in the cave; but when she entered the
+cave, then she was welcomed and received by him.
+
+Now, to render the text conformable with this interpretation, some
+alteration in the construction is necessary, as indeed it must be in any
+attempt to render the passage intelligible.
+
+Taking, away the word "Fro," and transposing "might" to the other side of
+"Valanus," the lines would stand thus,--
+
+         "---- it happed for to be
+  That, while the weping Venus made her mone,
+  (Cyllenius riding in his chirachee)
+  Venus might Valens in this palais see;
+  And Venus he salveth and maketh chere
+  And her receiveth as his frende full dere!"
+
+On the other supposition of "Valanus" being a common name, to which a
+capital letter has been prefixed in mistake, then the only word for which
+it would appear to be a probable substitution would be "Vallum," in the
+sense of a border or rampart; but the application would be so far-fetched
+that I shall not attempt it, especially as I look upon the explanation
+afforded by "Valens" as most probably the true one.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+Leeds, March 20. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Cure of Hooping Cough._--There is a superstition in Cheshire that hooping
+cough may be cured by holding a toad for a few moments with its head within
+the mouth of the person affected. I heard only the other day of a cure by
+this somewhat disagreeable process; the toad was said to have caught the
+disease, which in this instance proved fatal to it in a few hours.
+
+A. H. H.
+
+_Charms from Devonshire._--The following charms were obtained from an old
+woman in this parish, though probably they are all known to you already:
+
+  (_a._) _For a Scald or Burn._
+
+ "There were three angels came from The East and West,
+  One brought fire and another brought frost,
+  And the third it was the Holy Ghost.
+  Out fire, in frost, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
+      Holy Ghost. Amen."
+
+  (_b._) _For a Sprain._
+
+    "As our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was riding into
+    Jerusalem, His horse tripped and sprained his leg. Our Blessed Lord and
+    Saviour blessed it, and said,
+
+ 'Bone to bone, and vein to vein,
+  O vein, turn to thy rest again!'
+
+    M. N. so shall thine, in the Name," &c.
+
+{259}
+
+  (_c._) _For stopping Blood._
+
+    "Our Blessed Saviour was born in Bethlehem and baptized in the river
+    Jordan.
+
+ 'The Waters were wild and rude.
+  The child Jesus was meek, mild, and good.'
+
+    He put His foot into the waters, and the waters stopped, and so shall
+    thy blood, in the Name," &c.
+
+  (d.) _For the Tooth-ache._
+
+    "All glory! all glory! all glory! be to the Father, and to the Son, and
+    to the Holy Ghost.
+
+    "As our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was walking in the garden of
+    Gethsamene, He saw Peter weeping. He called him unto Him, and said,
+    Peter why, weepest thou? Peter answered and said, Lord, I am grievously
+    tormented with pain, the pain of my tooth. Our Lord answered and said,
+    If thou wilt believe in Me, and My words abide with thee, thou shalt
+    never feel any more pain in thy tooth. Peter said, Lord, I believe,
+    help Thou my unbelief. In the Name, &c.
+
+    "God grant M. N. ease from the pain in his teeth."
+
+(_e._) _For Fits._--Go into a church at midnight and walk three times round
+the communion table. This was done in this parish a few years since.
+
+(_f._) An inhabitant of this parish told me that his father went into
+Lydford Church, at twelve o'clock at night, and cut off some lead from
+every diamond pane in the windows with which he made a heart, to be worn by
+his wife afflicted with "_breastills_," i.e. _sore breasts_.
+
+(_g._) The skin cast by a snake is very useful in extracting thorns, &c.
+from the body, but, unlike I other remedies, it is repellent, not
+attractive; hence it must always be applied on the opposite side to that on
+which the thorn entered. In some cases where the skin has been applied on
+the same side, it has forced the thorn completely through the hand.
+
+_Lent Lilies.--Oak Webs, &c._--In this part of Cornwall, the native yellow
+narcissus, known in most counties, and in the books, as _daffodils_ (the
+"Daffy Down Dilly" of your correspondent, Vol. iii. p. 220.), are called
+only by the name of _Lent lilies_, or simply _Lents_, and are commonly sold
+by the poor children, frequently in exchange for _pins_. The pleasing name
+reminds one of Michaelmas Daisy (_Chrysanthemum_), Christmas rose
+(_Helleborus niger_), and the beautiful pasque flower (_Anemone
+pulsatilla_).
+
+The common beetle called cockchafer is here known only as the _oak-web_,
+and a smaller beetle as _fern-web_. It seems hard to guess why they should
+be named _web_ (which in Anglo-Saxon means _weaver_), as they do not, I
+think, form any cocoon.
+
+H. G. T.
+
+Launceston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE THRENODIA CAROLINA OF SIR THO. HERBERT.
+
+The _Threnodia Carolina_ of sir Thomas Herbert is a jewel of historical
+composition, and I am persuaded that a new edition of it, if formed on a
+collation of the best manuscripts, and illustrated by extracts from the
+principal historians of the same period, would not only be received by the
+public with thanks, but with expressions of surprise that so rare a
+treasure should have been suffered to remain in such comparative obscurity.
+
+There are four manuscripts of the work in public libraries, two of which I
+am enabled to describe.
+
+1. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 7396.
+
+This Ms. is in folio. The preliminary leaves have the notes marked 1, 2,
+3--the second being in the handwriting of sir William Dugdale. The
+narrative occupies thirty-six pages, with interlinear corrections and
+additions. This Ms. does not contain the words _This brief narrative_, &c.
+nor the letter dated the 3d Nov. 1681.
+
+    "THRENODIA CAROLINA."
+
+    (1) "This book contains S^r Tho. Herberts memoirs being the original in
+    his own hand sent to S^r W^m Dugdale in 1678."
+
+    (2) "A true and perfect narrative of the most remarkable passages
+    relating to king Charles the first of blessed memory, written by the
+    proper land of S^r Thomas Herbert baronet, who attended upon his
+    ma^{tie} from Newcastle upon Tine, when he was sold by the Scotts,
+    during the whole time of his greatest afflictions, till his death and
+    buriall; w^{ch} was sent to me S^r Will^m Dugdale knight, garter
+    principall king of armes, in Michaellmasse Terme a^o. 1678, by the said
+    S^r Thomas Herbert, from Yorke, where he resideth."
+
+    "VERITAS ODIUM PARIT."
+
+    (3) "Court passages in the two last yeares of the raigne of king
+    Charles the first, during y^e time of his affliction."
+
+    2. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 4705.
+
+    This Ms. is in small folio. It was formerly in the possession of Peter
+    le Neve, norroy. A preliminary leaf has the subjoined attestation by
+    sir William Dugdale. The narrative is much more ample and
+    circumstantial than in the former Ms., but it is not all in the
+    handwriting of sir Thomas Herbert. The letter dated 3 November 1681,
+    and the relations of Huntington, Cooke, and Firebrace, are added in the
+    handwriting of Dugdale; also, the names of persons who corresponded
+    with Charles I. while he was a prisoner in the Isle of Wight. The
+    passages transcribed by the REV. ALFRED GATTY appear in this Ms.--also
+    in the edition of 1702. The edition of 1813 is a _verbatim_ reprint of
+    the first and second articles of that of 1702. It was edited by Mr.
+    George Nicol.
+
+    "CAROLINA THRENODIA."
+
+    "This booke containeth a large answer to a short letter sent by S^r
+    Will^m Dugdale kn^t (garter; principall king of armes) unto S^r Thomas
+    Herbert baronet, {260} residing in the citty of Yorke. By w^{ch} letter
+    he did desire the sayd S^r Thomas Herbert to informe him of such
+    materiall passages, as he had observed touching the late king Charles
+    the first (of blessed memory) during the time that he the sayd S^r
+    Thomas did attend him in person; B^t for the two last yeares of his
+    afflicted life."
+
+The other Mss. alluded to are preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford.
+The most important is No. 1141., which is minutely described in the
+admirable catalogue compiled by Mr. Black. A transcript of the _Threnodia
+Carolina_ by Ant. à Wood, also in the Ashmolean Museum, is recorded by
+Huddesford.
+
+As there were two _recensions_ of the narrative, I have added a specimen of
+each of the Harleian Mss., which may serve as a clue to the nature of other
+copies, whether in public libraries, or in private hands.
+
+    "The Lords ordered a girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters to
+    be cutt in Lead and putt about the Coffin. being onely these wordes
+
+    KING CHARLES
+    1648.
+
+    The kings body was then brought from the chamber to Saint Georges hall.
+    whence after a Little pause, it was w^{th} a slow pase & much sorrow
+    carrye'd by those gentlemen that were in mourninge: the Lords in blacks
+    following the royall Corpes & many gentlemen after them, and their
+    attendants."--THRENODIA CAROLINA, p. 36. Harleian MS. 7396.
+
+    "The girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters in Lead putt about
+    the Coffin had onely these words.
+
+    KING-CHARLES.
+    1648.
+
+    The Kings body was then brought from his Bed-chamber, downe into S^t
+    Georges-hall; whence after a little stay, itt was with a slow and
+    solemn pace (much sorrow in most faces discernable) carryed by
+    gentlemen that were of some quallity and in mourning. the Lords in like
+    habitts followed the Royall Corps. the Governor, and severall
+    gentlemen, and officers, and attendants came after."--CAROLINA
+    THRENODIA, p. 80. Harleian MS. 4705.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs of Charles I._--The question suggested by MR.
+GATTY'S first note upon this subject was one of some importance, viz.,
+whether the original MS. in the possession of his friend contained anything
+of Sir Thomas Herbert's not hitherto published? There is no doubt that the
+"Memoir of the two last years of King Charles I." was written by Sir Thomas
+Herbert, after his retirement to his native city of York, at the request of
+the author of the _Athenæ Oxonienses_, who made use of nearly the whole of
+it in compiling that great work, adapting different portions to his
+biographical notices of the persons to whom they principally related. The
+notices of Colonel Joyce and Colonel Cobbet are chiefly composed of
+extracts from Herbert's Memoir; whilst under the name of Herbert himself
+not more than about one-third of his own communication will be found.
+
+The first edition of the _Athenæ_ was not published until 1691, several
+years after Sir Thomas Herbert's death; and the memoir in a complete form,
+with the title of _Threnodia Carolina_, did not appear until the year 1702,
+when it was published by Dr. Charles Goodall, physician to the Charter
+House, together with other tracts relating to Charles I. This is doubtless
+the volume described by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (vol. iii., p. 157.), who will, I
+hope, favour your readers with the information requested by MR. GATTY (p.
+222.).
+
+The Memoir, as published in 1813 by G. and W. Nicol, Booksellers, Pall
+Mall, professes to be a faithful reprint of the former edition of 1702. The
+commencing and concluding paragraphs in this reprint are precisely the same
+as those transcribed by MR. GATTY'S friend from the MS. in his possession.
+His idea, that an incorrect copy of his MS. was improperly obtained, and
+published in 1813, seems to be without foundation.
+
+[Delta].
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis._--The following extract from an
+advertisement in the _St. James's Chronicle_, April 15, 1779, is worth a
+note as illustrative of the altered value of the book referred to:--
+
+    "If any person is possessed of an impression of Shakspeare's _Venus and
+    Adonis_, 4to. Printed by Richard Field for John Harrison, 1593, and
+    will bring it to Mr. Thomas Longman, bookseller, in Paternoster Row, he
+    will receive one guinea for it."
+
+Malone gave 25l. for the copy in his collection in the Bodleian.
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Moorfields in Charles II.'s Time._--I copy this from _The New Help to
+Discourse_, published about 1670:
+
+    "Two gentlemen of Stepney going homewards over Moor-fields, about
+    twelve of the clock at night, were staid by an impertinent constable
+    with many frivolous questions, more by half to show his office than his
+    wit; one whereof was, If they were not afraid to go home at that time
+    of the night? They answered, 'No.' 'Well,' said he, 'I shall let you
+    pass at this time; but if you should be knockt on the lead before you
+    get home, you cannot but report that there was a good watch kept in
+    Moor-fields."
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Yankee, Derivation of._--The word _Yankee_ is nothing more than the word
+_English_ so transformed by the imperfect pronunciation of the natives of
+Massachusets--_Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. The orthography of this
+much-used epithet, which is not given, we believe, in any English or
+American work, was communicated to M. Philarète {261} Charles by one of the
+best-informed men of that province.
+
+    "Le mot Yankee, appliqué aujourd'hui comme sobriquet aux populations
+    agricoles et commerçantes du nord, n'est autre que le mot _English_
+    transformé par la prononciation défectueuse des indigènes du
+    Massachusets: _Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. Nous tenons de l'un des
+    hommes les plus instruit de la province cette curieuse étymologie, que
+    ne donne aucun ouvrage americain ou anglais. Les Anglais, quand ils se
+    moquent des _Yankies_, se moquent d'eux-mèmes."--Philarète Charles,
+    "Les Americains," in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, May 15, 1850.
+
+J. M.
+
+_A Word to Literary Men_ (Vol. iii., p. 161.).--Perhaps MR. KENNETH R. H.
+MACKENZIE will allow me to add the following as a _rider_ to his
+suggestion:--
+
+    "Even after all the labours of the Prussian scholars," says Dr. Arnold,
+    "much remains to be done towards obtaining a complete knowledge of the
+    number, and still more of the value, of the Greek MSS. now existing in
+    Europe. It is not easy to know how many MSS. of any given writer are
+    extant, where they are to be found, and, above all, whether from their
+    age and character they are worth the trouble of an exact collation. A
+    labour of this kind cannot be accomplished by individuals; but the
+    present spirit of liberal co-operation, which seems to influence
+    literary as well as scientific men throughout Europe, renders its
+    accomplishment by the combined exertions of the scholars of different
+    countries by no meals impracticable. It would be exceedingly convenient
+    to possess an alphabetical list of all the extant Greek and Latin
+    writers, with a _catalogue raisonnée_ of the MSS. of each; and if such
+    a work were attempted, there is little doubt, I imagine, that in point
+    of number a very large addition would be made to the stock of MSS.
+    already known. What the result might be in point of value is another
+    question; still it is desirable to know what we have to trust to; and
+    when we have obtained a right estimate of our existing resources in
+    manuscripts, we shall then be better able to judge what modern
+    criticism will have to do from its own means towards bringing the text
+    of the ancient writers to the greatest possible state of
+    perfection."--Preface to _Thucydides_, vol. iii. page iv. 2d edit.
+
+M. N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+POEMS OF JOHN SEGUARD OF NORWICH.
+
+In the _Letters on the British Museum_, 1767 (referred to Vol. iii., p.
+208.), at p. 33. is given a short Latin poem, which the writer states he
+"found among the manuscripts;" and adds, "It was written by John Seward in
+the time of Henry V., who conquered Charles VI. of France." The poem is as
+follows:
+
+ "Ite per extremam Tanaim, pigrosque Triones,
+  Ite per arentem Lybiam, superate calores
+  Solis, et arcanos Nili deprendite fontes,
+  Herculeumque sinum, Bacchi transcurrite metas,
+  Angli juris erit quicquid complectitur orbis.
+  Anglis rubra dabunt pretiosas æquora conchas,
+  Indus ebur, ramos Panchaia, vellera Seres,
+  Dum viget Henricus, dum noster vivit Achilles;
+  Est etenim laudes longe transgressus avitas."
+
+If these lines are compared with the contemporary Leonine verses in praise
+of Henry V., preserved in MS. Cott. Cleop. B. i. f. 173. beginning:
+
+ "Ad Salvatoris laudes, titulos et honores."
+
+their great superiority, in point of Latinity, will be perceived, and this
+Query forthwith arises: Who was John Seward?
+
+In reply to this, the following information has been collected. The name of
+the author was not _Seward_, but _Seguard_. He is not mentioned by Leland,
+but Bale calls him "insignis sui temporis rhetor ac poeta;" and states
+further, that in the city of Norwich, "non sine magno auditorum fructu,
+bonas artes ingenue profitebatur." He then gives a list of his writings,
+among which is a work on Prosody, entitled _Metristenchiridion_, addressed
+to Richard Courtney, Bishop of Norwich, who held the see only from Sept.
+1413 to Sept. 1415, and therefore composed during that interval. He notices
+also a tract _De miseria hominis_, together with _Carmina diversi generis_
+and _Epistolæ ad diversos_; all of which, he says, he himself saw in
+manuscripts in Merton College, Oxford, and in the Royal Library of Edward
+VI. Pits, the next authority in point of date, chiefly follows Bale in his
+account of John Seguard; but adds, "Equestris ordinis in Anglia patre
+natus," and among his writings inserts one not specified by Bale, _De
+laudibus Regis Henrici Quinti, versu_. Tanner copies the first of these
+statements, yet, singular enough, omits all notice of the poem on Henry V.,
+the very one, apparently, cited in the _Letters on the British Museum_. But
+there are further difficulties. It was natural to suppose, that the MS.
+seen by Bale in the Royal Library would be there still; and Tanner
+unhesitatingly refers to the volume marked 15 A. xxii. art. 5., as the one
+which contained the poem _De miseria hominis_, noted by Bale. On looking,
+however, at this manuscript, it became apparent that both Bale and Tanner
+are in error in ascribing this poem to Seguard. The handwriting is of the
+early part of the thirteenth century, and consequently full a century and a
+half before the Norwich poet was born! At the conclusion is this note, by
+the same hand:
+
+    "Hos versus, sicut nobis quidam veridicus retulit, Segardus junior de
+    Sancto Audomaro composuit."
+
+The writer here named is not mentioned in Fabricius, nor in the _Histoire
+Littéraire de la France_. Besides the MS. in Merton College, Oxford,
+referred to by Bale, which still exists there under the signature Q. 3. 1.,
+I find another in Bernard's _Catt._ {262} _MSS. Angliæ_, 1697, vol. ii. p.
+216., among the manuscripts of Sir Henry Langley of Shropshire, "No. 22.
+Jo. Segnard [_read_ Seguard] Poemata." I would therefore close these
+remarks by requesting attention to the following Queries:--
+
+1. As Blomefield is silent on the subject, is anything more known
+respecting the biography of John Seguard?
+
+2. Can a list be obtained of the contents of the Merton manuscript?
+
+3. What became of the Langley MS., and where is it at present?
+
+4. In what manuscript of the British Museum is the poem on Henry V.
+contained?
+
+F. MADDEN.
+
+P.S. Since I wrote the above, I have found in the Sale Catalogue of the
+Towneley library, 1814, pt. i. lot 396.:
+
+    "_Seguardi Opuscula._ Manuscript on vellum. This volume contains
+    several treatises not mentioned by Bale or Pits."
+
+It was purchased by Mr. Laing for 1l. 1s. May I, therefore, add one more
+Query?
+
+5. Can the present owner of this MS. (which is probably the same as the
+Langley copy) furnish a note of its contents?
+
+F. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EPITAPH ON THE COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE.
+
+Who was the writer of the oft-quoted lines,
+
+ "Underneath this marble (sable) hearse," &c.
+
+intended, as all know, for an epitaph on Mary Sidney, afterwards Countess
+of Pembroke, but not inscribed upon any monumental stone? They are almost
+universally attributed to Ben Jonson, and are included amongst his poems.
+But this is not conclusive evidence, as we also there find the epitaph on
+Drayton, which was written by Quarles. In Aubrey's MS. _Memoires of
+Naturall Remarques in Wilts_, these verses are said to have been "made by
+Mr. Willi[=a]. Browne, who wrote the Pastoralls, and they are inserted
+there." Mr. Britton, in his _Life of Aubrey_ (p. 96.), adds:
+
+    "It is essential to observe, that Aubrey is not alone in stating them
+    to be by Browne; for, in his note upon the subject, he left a blank for
+    the latter's Christian name, 'William,' which was filled up by Evelyn
+    when he perused the manuscript. Indeed, Evelyn added as a further note,
+    '_William_, Governor to the now Earl of Oxford.'"
+
+But these lines are not to be found in Browne's _Pastorals_. In book ii.,
+song 4., there is an epitaph, but which bears little resemblance to the one
+in question. It concludes with the following conceit:
+
+ "If to the grave there ever was assign'd
+  One like this nymph in body and in minde,
+  We wish here in balme, not vainely spent,
+  To fit this maiden with a monument,
+  For brass, and marble, were they seated here,
+  Would fret, or melt in tears, to lye so near."
+
+Addison, in _The Spectator_, No. 323., speaks of this epitaph as "written
+by an uncertain author." This was not more than seventy-five or eighty
+years after Jonson's death. In the lives of the Sidneys, and in Ballard's
+_Memoirs of Celebrated Ladies_ (1752), no author is mentioned; but the
+latter speaks of the epitaph as likely to be more lasting than marble or
+brass. To the six lines which generally stand alone, the following are
+added in the two last-mentioned works:
+
+ "Marble pyles let no man raise,
+  To her name, for after daies,
+  Some kind woman, born as she,
+  Reading this like Niobe,
+  Shall turn marble, and become,
+  Both her mourner and her tomb."
+
+These are also given by Brydges in his _Peers Of James II._, but they are
+not in Jonson's works. Did they originally form part of the epitaph, or are
+they the production of another and later author?
+
+That this epitaph should be attributed to Jonson, may possibly have arisen
+from the following lines being confounded with it. Jacob, in his _English
+Poets_, says--
+
+    "To show that Ben was famous at _epigram_, I need only transcribe the
+    epitaph he wrote on the Lady Elizabeth L. H.:
+
+     "Underneath this stone doth lie
+      As much virtue as could die,
+      Which when alive did harbour give
+      To as much beauty as could live.
+
+J. H. M.
+
+Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Mr. Cramp, in his late publication, _Junius and
+his Works_, conjectures that the printer having bound a copy of _Junius_
+for and under the direction of the writer of the letters, followed the
+pattern in the binding of other copies; and this, he says, "will account
+for similar copies having been found in the libraries of so many persons,
+which from time to time has occasioned so much speculation." With Mr.
+Cramp's conjecture I do not concern myself; but I should be much obliged if
+he would inform me, through your Journal, in what libraries, and where,
+these many vellum-bound copies have been found, and where I can find the
+speculations to which they have given rise.
+
+V. B.
+
+_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Some years ago, on reading the private letters
+of Junius, addressed to H. S. Woodfall, and printed by G. Woodfall, 1812, I
+was particularly struck by those of No. 58. and 59., wherein he states a
+desire to have one set of his letters (which were published 3d March, 1772,
+by Woodfall) _bound in vellum_.
+
+Constantly bearing in mind the fact of the vellum copy, I invariably
+examined all the book {263} catalogues that came in my way for it. At last
+the long-wished-for object appeared in the Stowe sale, and I immediately
+gave my agent instruction to purchase the book for me, and he might offer
+as much as 10l.: he bid 8l., and then it was intimated that it was no use
+to go on; that fifty guineas would not purchase it, or any other sum.
+
+Query, Has this volume been in any other sale? if not, it certainly
+connects the Buckingham family with Junius, though it does not prove the
+author.
+
+W. D. HAGGARD.
+
+    [The Stowe copy of Junius, it appears, was bought by Mr. Rodd for 9l.,
+    no doubt upon commission.]
+
+_What is a "Tye?"_--In Essex, many parishes have a place called "the tye,"
+which I believe is always an out-lying place where three roads meet. In an
+old map I have seen one place now called "Tye" written "Dei." Is it where a
+cross once stood, and Tye a corruption of Dei? Forby, in his _East Anglian
+Vocabulary_, mentions it, but cannot make it out.
+
+A. HOLT WHITE.
+
+_"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout."_--In D'Israeli's _Curiosities of
+Literature_, Moxon's edition, in 1 vol. p. 118., or ed. edited by his son,
+vol. i. p. 363., under the head "A Literary Wife," are the lines--
+
+ "Marriage is such a rabble rout,
+  That those that are out, would fain get in;
+  And those that are in, would fain get out:"
+
+quoted from Chaucer. I have heard these lines quoted as being from
+_Hudibras_: as I cannot trace them in my editions of Chaucer of Butler,
+perhaps some of your readers can tell me where I can find them?
+
+S. WMSON.
+
+_Arms of Robert Nelson._--Can any of the numerous readers and
+correspondents of "NOTES AND QUERIES" describe the _armorial bearings_ of
+_Robert Nelson, Esq._, the author of the _Companion for the Festivals and
+Fasts of the Church of England_? He was buried in the burying-ground in
+Lamb's Conduit Fields, January, 1714.
+
+G. F.
+
+_Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York._--Query, whereabouts in the county of York
+is this place? I believe that one of the above is the way of spelling, but
+at any rate they have the same sound.
+
+J. N. C.
+
+_Moore's Almanack._--Can any of your correspondents inform me as to the
+history of _Moore's Almanack_?
+
+What is the date of its first appearance? Was Francis Moore a real
+personage, or merely a myth?
+
+H. P. W.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Archbishop Loftus._--I shall be deeply obliged to any of your
+correspondents who will inform me whether, and _where_, any diary or
+private memoranda are known to exist of Adam Loftus, who was Archbishop of
+Dublin nearly forty years, from 1567 to 1605, Lord Chancellor of Ireland,
+and the first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin. He was an ancestor of the
+Viscount Loftus, and of the Marquess of Ely.
+
+HENRY COTTON.
+
+Thurles, Ireland, March 20.
+
+_Matrix of Monastic Seal._--A brass matrix has fallen into my hands of a
+period certainly not much anterior to the Revolution. Device, the Virgin
+and Child, their heads surrounded with nimbi; the former holds in her right
+hand three lilies, the latter a globe and cross. The legend is:
+
+"* SIG[=IL] . MON . [=B] . [=M] . DE . PRATO . ALIAS . DE . BONO . NVNCIO."
+
+In the field, a shield charged with three lions passant. Can any
+correspondent aid me in assigning it rightly? There was an Abbey of St.
+Mary de Pratis at Leicester (Vide _Gent. Mag._, vol. xciii. p. 9.); and
+there is a church dedicated to "St. Mary in the Marsh at Norwich." In a
+recent advertisement I find a notice of Scipio Ricci, Bishop of Pistoia and
+Prato, so that the appellation is not very uncommon.
+
+E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon._--What edition of the Peschito-Syriac
+version of the Old and New Testaments, respectively, is considered the
+best? Also, what Syriac Lexicon stands highest for value and accuracy?
+
+T. TN.
+
+_Villiers Duke of Buckingham._--There is a tradition in Portsmouth, that in
+the evening preceding his assassination, Villiers Duke of Buckingham killed
+a sailor. Is there any authority for this?
+
+E. D.
+
+_Porci solidi-pedes._--Can any of your readers inform me if any pigs with
+single hoofs are in existence in any county in England? They are mentioned
+in a letter from Sir Thomas Browne to Dugdale the antiquary.
+
+J. S. P. (a Subscriber).
+
+_The Heywood Family._--I am anxious to know if Thomas Heywood, the
+dramatist, was in any way related to Nathaniel Heywood or Oliver Heywood,
+the celebrated Nonconformist ministers in the seventeenth century? Could
+any of your correspondents give me information on this point?
+
+H. A. B.
+
+Trin. Coll. Camb.
+
+_Was Charles II. ever in Wales?_--There is a tradition amongst the
+inhabitants of Glamorganshire, that, after his defeat at the battle of
+Worcester, Charles come to Wales and staid a night at a place called
+Llancaiach Vawr, in the parish of Gelligaer. The place then belonged to a
+Colonel Pritchard, an officer in the Parliamentary army; and the story
+relates that he made himself known to his host, and threw himself upon his
+generosity for safety. The colonel assented to his staying for {264} _one_
+night only, but went away himself, afraid, as the story goes, that the
+Parliament should come to know he had succoured Charles. I know that
+Llancaiach was a place of considerable note long after that, and that an
+old farmer used to say he had heard tile story from his father. The
+historians, I believe, are all silent as to his having fled to Wales
+between the time of his defeat at Worcester and the time he left the
+country.
+
+DAVYDD GAM.
+
+    [Some accounts state that Charles I. was entertained by Colonel
+    Prichard, when that monarch, travelling through Wales, lost his way
+    between Tredegar and Brecknock. (See Lewis's _Topographical Dictionary
+    of Wales_, art. "Gellygaer.")]
+
+_Dog's Head in the Pot._--"Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Haberdasher of
+London, by will, dated 3d Sept. 1563, gave 13s. 4d. annually to the
+highways between Barkway and Dogshed-in-the-Pot, otherwise called
+Horemayd."
+
+The Dogshed-in-the-Pot here mentioned was, as I infer, a public-house in
+the parish of Great or Little Hormead in Hertfordshire, by the side of the
+road from Barkway to London. In Akerman's _Tradesmen's Tokens current in
+London_ I find one (numbered 1442) of the "Dogg's-Head-in-the-Potte" in Old
+Street, having the device of a dog eating out of a pot; and the token of
+Oliver Wallis, in Red Cross Street (No. 1610., A.D. 1667), has the device
+of a dog eating out of a three-legged pot. In April, 1850, Hayward Brothers
+(late R. Henly and Co.), wholesale and manufacturing builders ironmongers,
+196. Blackfriars Road, and 117. and 118. Union Street, Borough, London (who
+state their business to have been established 1783), put forth an
+advertisement headed with a woodcut of a dog eating out of a three-legged
+pot.
+
+Can any of your readers elucidate this sign of the "Dog's-head-in-the Pot?"
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, May 24. 1850.
+
+_"Poor Allinda's growing old."_--Charles II., to vex the Duchess of
+Cleveland, caused Will Legge to sing to her--
+
+ "Poor Allinda's growing old,
+  Those charms are now no more."
+
+(See Lord Dartmouth's note in _Burnet_, vol. i. p. 458. ed. 1823.) Let me
+ask, through "NOTES AND QUERIES," Dr. Rimbault, Mr. Chappell, or any
+readers, where are these verses to be found?
+
+P. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Who was the Author of "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?_--There is an anonymous
+tract, entitled _A Modest Enquiry, &c._, (4to. London, 1687), on the
+question of St. Peter's ever having been at Rome: proving, in so far as a
+negative in the case can be proved, in the most logical, full, clear, and
+satisfactory manner, that--_He never was at Rome_; and _never was, either
+nominally or otherwise, Bishop_ _of the Church there_: and showing the
+grounds for the contrary assertion to be altogether baseless and untrue;
+being a tissue of self-contradicting forgeries and frauds, invented long
+subsequently to the time, evidently for the sole purpose of justifying the
+Papal pretensions of succession and derivation from the Apostle; as those,
+and all its other claims, are founded alone upon that fact, and must stand
+or fall with it.
+
+The inquiry is conducted throughout with evidence of great acquaintance
+with Scripture and much theological learning (though the writer states
+himself to be a layman), without the least undue pretension, and with the
+most perfect temperateness and impartiality. The work would seem now well
+worth reprinting in a cheap and popular form.
+
+Who was the author?
+
+M.
+
+    [In Francis Peck's _Catalogue of Discourses in the Time of King James
+    II._, No. 226., the name of HENRY CARE is given as the author. A list
+    of his other works may be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca_.]
+
+_William Penn's Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform me to whom
+his eldest surviving son (William) was married, and also to whom the
+children of the said son were married, as well as those of his daughter
+Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any? This son and daughter were William
+Penn's children by his first marriage with Miss Springett.
+
+A. U. C.
+
+    [William Penn, eldest son (of William Penn by Miss Springett), had two
+    children, Gulielma Maria, married to Charles Fell, and William Penn of
+    the Rocks in Sussex, who by his first wife, Christian Forbes, had a
+    daughter and heir, married to Peter Gaskell. Mrs. Aubrey was living in
+    1718. Our correspondent may also be referred to Mr. Hepworth Dixon's
+    recently published _William Penn, an Historical Biography_.]
+
+_Deal, Dover, and Harwich._--Where do the following lines come from?
+
+ "Deal, Dover, and Harwich,
+  The devil gave with his daughter in marriage;
+  And, by a codicil to his will,
+  He added Helvoet and the Brill."
+
+J. H. L.
+
+    [Francis Grose, in his _Collection of Proverbs_, speaks of them as "A
+    satirical squib thrown at the innkeepers of those places, in return for
+    the many impositions practised on travellers, as well natives as
+    strangers. Equally applicable to most other sea-ports."]
+
+_Author of Broad Stone of Honour._--Who is the author of the _Broad Stone
+of Honour_, of which mention is made in the _Guesses at Truth_, 1st series,
+p. 230., &c., and in the _Ages of Faith_, p. 236., works of some interest
+in reference to the Papal discussions which are raging at present?
+
+NEMO.
+
+    [Kenelm M. Digby is the author of the _Broad Stone of Honour_.]
+
+{265}
+
+_Pope Joan._--Can any information be procured as to the origin of the game
+called Pope Joan, and (what is of more importance) of the above title,
+whether any such personage ever held the keys of St Peter and wore the
+tiara? If so, at what period and for what time, and what is known of her
+personal history?
+
+NEMO.
+
+    [That _Papissa Joanna_ is merely a fictitious character, is now
+    universally acknowledged by the best authorities. "Clearer
+    confirmations must be drawn for the history of Pope Joan, who succeeded
+    Leo IV. and preceded Benedict III., than many we yet discover, and he
+    wants not grounds that doubts it." So thought Sir Thomas Browne, in his
+    _Vulgar Errors_, B. vii. Ch. 17. Gibbon, too, rejects it as fabulous.
+    "Till the Reformation," he says, "the tale was repeated and believed
+    without offence, and Joan's female statue long occupied her place among
+    the Popes in the Cathedral of Sienna. She has been annihilated by two
+    learned Protestants, Blondel and Bayle; but their brethren were
+    scandalized by this equitable and generous criticism. Spanheim and
+    L'Enfant attempted to save this poor engine of controversy, and even
+    Mosheim condescends to cherish some doubt and suspicion."--_The Decline
+    and Fall of the Roman Empire_, chap. xlix. Spanheim's work, _Joanna
+    Papissa Restituta_, was printed at Leyden in 1692.]
+
+_The Well o' the World's End._--I am very anxious to find out, whether
+there still exists in print (or if it is known to any one now alive) an old
+Scotch fairy tale called "The Weary Well at the World's End?" Charles
+Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., who is unhappily dead lately, knew the story and
+meant to write it down; but he became too infirm to do so, and though many
+very old people in the hilly districts of Lammermoor and Roxburghshire
+remember parts of it, and knew it in their youth, I cannot find one who
+knows it entirely.
+
+L. M. M. R.
+
+    [Some references to the story alluded to by our correspondent will be
+    found in Dr. Leyden's valuable introduction to _The Complaynt of
+    Scotland_; and the story itself in Chambers's admirable collection of
+    Scottish Folk Lore, _Popular Rhymes of Scotland_, p. 236. of the third
+    edition, which form vol. vii. of the _Select Writings of Robert
+    Chambers_.]
+
+_Sides and Angles._--What is the most simple and least complicated method
+of determining the various relations of the sides and angles of the acute
+and obtuse-angled triangles, without the aid of trigonometry, construction,
+or, in fact, by any method except arithmetic?
+
+F. G. F.
+
+St. Andrew's.
+
+    [The relations of sides and angles cannot be obtained without
+    trigonometry in some shape. A very easy work has lately been published
+    by Mr. Hemming, in which there is as little as possible of technical
+    trigonometry.]
+
+_Meaning of Ratche._--In John Frith's _Antithesis_, published in 1529, he
+says:
+
+    "The pope and bishops hunt the wild deer, the fox, and the hare, in
+    their closed parks, with great cries, and horns blowing, with hounds
+    and _ratches_ running."
+
+I should be glad to have the word _ratches_ satisfactorily explained.
+
+H. W.
+
+    [From a note by Steevens on the line in _King Lear_ (Boswell's
+    _Shakspeare_, vol. x. p. 155.), it appears that the late Mr. Hawkins,
+    in his notes to _The Return from Parnassus_, p. 237., says, "That a
+    _rache_ is a dog that hunts by scent wild beasts, birds, and even
+    fishes, and that the female of it is called a _brache_:" and in
+    _Magnificence_, an ancient Interlude of Morality, by Skelton, printed
+    by Rastell, no date, is the following line:
+
+    "Here is a leyshe of ratches to renne an hare."
+
+In a following note, Mr. Tollet, after saying "What is here said of a
+_rache_, might, perhaps, be taken from Holinshed's _Description of
+Scotland_, p. 14.," proceeds, "The females of all dogs were once called
+_braches_; and Ulitius upon Gratius observes, 'Racha Saxonibus canem
+significabat unde Scoti hodie _Rache_ pro cane foemina habent, quod Anglis
+est _Brache_.'"]
+
+_"Feast of Reason," &c._--Seeing your correspondents ask where couplets are
+to be found, I venture to ask whence comes the line--
+
+ "The feast of reason and the flow of soul."
+
+I have often heard it asked, but never answered.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+    [It will be found in Pope's _Imitations of Horace_, Book ii. Satire i.:
+
+     "There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl
+      The feast of reason and the flow of soul."]
+
+_Tu Autem._--In page 25. of "Hertfordshire," in Fuller's _Worthies_, there
+is a story of one Alexander Nequam, who, wishing to become a monk of St.
+Alban's, wrote thus to the abbot thereof:
+
+    "Si vis, veniam. Sin autem, tu autem."
+
+To which the abbot replied:
+
+    "Si bonus sis, venias. Si Nequam, nequaquam."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me of the meaning of "tu autem" in the first
+line? as I have been long puzzled.
+
+This puts me in mind of a form which there was at Ch. Ch., Oxford, on
+"gaudy" days. Some junior students went to the "high table" to say a Latin
+grace, and when they had finished it, they were dismissed by the Dean
+saying "Tu autem;" on which, I remember, there was invariably a smile
+pervading the faces of those present, even that of the Dean himself, as no
+one seemed to know the meaning of the phrase. I believe that it was in my
+time an enigma to all. Can any of your ingenious readers solve me this?
+
+H. C. K.
+
+----Rectory, Hereford.
+
+    [Pegge in his _Anonymiana_, Cent. iv. Sect. 32. says, "At St. John's
+    College, Cambridge, a scholar, in my time, read some part of a chapter
+    in a Latin Bible; and after he had read a short time, the President, or
+    {266} the Fellow that sat in his place cried, _Tu autem_. Some have
+    been at a loss for the meaning of this; but it is the beginning of the
+    suffrage, which was supposed to follow the reading of the Scripture,
+    which the reading scholar was to continue by saying _Miserere mei,
+    Domine_. But at last it came to mean no more than to be a cue to the
+    reader to desist or give over."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 87. 189.)
+
+The inquiry of P., in p. 87., seems to indicate an impression that all the
+witnesses to the charter of Hugh Lupus to Chester Abbey were barons of the
+Palatinate, but only a few of them were such, the rest being of England
+generally.
+
+The original barons of the Palatinate were clearly distinguishable by
+possession of privileges confirmed to them by a well-known charter of Earl
+Ranulph III.; and all the Norman founders of their baronies will be found,
+under Cestrescire, in Domesday, as tenants in capite, from the Earl
+Palatine, of lordships within the lyme of his county.
+
+_Bigod de Loges_ (one of the subjects of P.'s inquiry) will not bear this
+test, unless he was identical with Bigot, Norman lord of the manors
+afterwards comprised in Aldford Fee, which is not known to have been the
+case. For this last-named Bigot, whose lands descended through the Alfords
+to Arderne, reference may be made to the _History of Cheshire_, I. xxix.,
+II. 411.
+
+_William Malbanc_, the other subject of inquiry, who has eluded M. J. T.'s
+searches, is easily identified. He was the Norman baron of Nantwich, the
+Willelmus Malbedeng of the _Domesday Survey_ (vol. i. p. 265. col. 2.), and
+the name is also written thus in the copy of H. Lupus's charter referred
+to, which was ratified under inspection by Guncelyn de Badlesmere,
+Justiciary of Chester in 8 Edw. I.
+
+The charter, with Badlesmere's attestation prefixed, will be found in
+Leycester's _Cheshire Antiquities_, p. 109., and in Ormerod's _Hist. of
+Cheshire_, vol. i. p. 12. In the latter work, in vol. iii., the inquirer
+will also find an account of William Malbedeng or Malbanc, his estates, his
+descendant coheirs, and their several subdivisions, extending from p. 217.
+to p. 222., under the proper head of Nantwich or _Wich Malbanc_, a still
+existing Palatine barony.
+
+LANCASTRIENSIS.
+
+Your correspondent M. J. T. says it appears from--
+
+    "_The MS. Catalogue_ of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that
+    Robert and Roger de Loges possessed lordships in the districts of
+    Coutances in Normandy."
+
+Will he be so good as to say what _MS. Catalogue_ he refers to? He seems to
+speak of _the MS._ _Catalogue_ of Norman nobility as if it were some
+well-known public and authentic record.
+
+Q. G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDMUND PRIDEAUX AND THE FIRST POST-OFFICE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 186.)
+
+In a recent number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (which, by the way, I have only
+recently become acquainted with) I saw the Queries of your correspondent
+G. P. P. upon the above subject, and having some time ago had occasion to
+investigate it, I accumulated a mass of notes from various sources,--and
+these I send you, rough and unpolished as they are, in the hope that in the
+absence of better information, they may prove to be acceptable.
+
+Herodotus (viii. 98.) mentions the existence of a method of communication
+among the Persians, by means of horsemen placed at certain distances.
+
+In the Close and Misæ Rolls (_temp. King John et post_) payments are
+recorded for nuncii who were charged with the carriage of letters.
+
+In 1481, Edward IV., during his war with Scotland, established horse riders
+at _posts_ twenty miles apart, by which letters were conveyed two hundred
+miles in two days (Gale's _Hist. Croyland_); and the Scottish Parliament
+issued an ordinance for facilitating the expedition of couriers throughout
+the kingdom. Carriers of letters also existed in England about this time,
+for in a letter from Sir J. Paston, written in 1471, we are informed that
+"Courby, the carrier, hath had 40d. for the third hired horse," for a
+journey from Norwich to London and back. (Fenn's _Paston Letters_, 4to.
+vol. v. p. 73.)
+
+In 1542, letters reached Edinburgh on the fourth day from their despatch
+from London. (Sadler's _Letters and Negociations_.)
+
+In 1548, the rate to be charged for post-horse hire was fixed by statute (2
+& 3 Edw. VI. cap. 3.) at one penny per mile.
+
+In 1581 (according to Camden), Thomas Randolph was appointed the first
+Chief Postmaster of all England.
+
+James I. established (date unknown) the office of Foreign Postmaster, which
+was first held by Mathewe le Questor.
+
+In 1631, Charles I. appointed William Frizell and Thomas Witherings (in
+reversion) to the sole management of the foreign post-office. And at this
+date it seems a regular home post was also carried on, as appears by the
+following entry from the Corporation Books of Great Yarmouth:--"1631.
+Agreed, June 6, with the Postmaster of Ipswich to have Quarterly 20s. paid
+him for carrying and bringing letters to and from London to Yarmouth for
+the vse of the Towne."
+
+In 1635, Charles I. issued a proclamation for the establishment of "a
+running post or two, to {267} run night and day between Edinburgh and
+Scotland and the City of London, to go thither and come back again in six
+days:" branch posts were also to be established with all the principal
+towns on the road: the rates of postage were fixed at 2d. under 80 miles;
+4d. for 140 miles; 6d. beyond; and 8d. to Scotland. This is conclusive
+evidence that a regular post-office establishment existed nearly ten years
+_before Prideaux had anything to do with the post-office_.
+
+In 1640, a proclamation was issued by the Long Parliament, by which the
+offices of Foreign and Inland Postmaster (then held by Witherings) were
+sequestrated into the hands of one Philip Burlamachy, a city merchant. Soon
+after this we find a Committee of the Commons, with "Master Edmund
+Prideaux" for chairman, inquiring into the matter.
+
+In 1644, a resolution of the Commons declared that "Edmund Prideaux, Esq.,
+a member of the House," was "constituted master of the posts, messengers,
+and couriers."
+
+In 1649 Prideaux established a weekly conveyance to every part of the
+kingdom; and also appears to have introduced other judicious reforms and
+improvements,--indeed he seems to have been the Rowland Hill of those days;
+but he has not the slightest claim to be considered as the "Inventor of the
+Post-office." The mistake may have arisen from a misapprehension of the
+following statement frown Blackstone: "Prideaux first established a weekly
+conveyance of letters into all parts of the nation, _thereby saving to the
+public the charge of maintaining postmasters_, to the amount of 7000l. per
+annum."
+
+I have not been able to obtain any particulars of Prideaux's personal
+history.
+
+MERCURII.
+
+Jememutha Magna.
+
+_Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office._--See the Appendix to the
+Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Commons on the Detaining and
+Opening of Letters at the Post-Office, 1844, which contains copies of
+numerous documents furnished by Mr. Lechmere and Sir Francis Palgrave.
+
+ARUN.
+
+    [We avail ourselves of this opportunity of inserting the following
+    extract from Mr. Rowland Hill's _Post-Office Reform; its Importance and
+    Practicability_, p. 86. of the third edition, published in 1837, as it
+    shows clearly the use which Mr. Rowland Hill made of the story in his
+    great work of Postage Reform; and that Miss Martineau had clearly no
+    authority for fathering the story in question upon that gentleman:--
+
+    "Coleridge tells a story which shows how much the Post-office is open
+    to fraud, in consequence of the option as to pre-payment which now
+    exists. The story is as follows:--
+
+    'One day, when I had not a shilling which I could spare, I was passing
+    by a cottage not far from Keswick, where a letter-carrier was demanding
+    a shilling for a letter, which the woman of the house appeared
+    unwilling to pay, and at last declined to take. I paid the postage, and
+    when the man was out of sight, she told me that the letter was from her
+    son, who took that means of letting her know that he was well; the
+    letter was _not to be paid for_. It was then opened and found to be
+    blank!'[1]
+
+    "This trick is so obvious a one that in all probability it is
+    extensively practised."]
+
+[Footnote 1: _Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S. T.
+Coleridge_, vol. ii. p. 114.]
+
+The quotations of your correspondent G. P. P., from Polwhele's _Cornwall_,
+relate to the same individual, and a more general construction must, I
+think, be put upon the expression "our countryman," than that it inferred a
+native of the county. The family of Prideaux was one of great antiquity,
+and originated in Cornwall (their first seat being at Prideaux Castle
+there), and had estates there in the time of the above Edmund. His father,
+Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton (the first baronet), studied the law in
+the Inner Temple, where he became very eminent for his skill and learning.
+He is stated to have raised a large estate in the counties of Devon and
+Cornwall. He married  * * *; secondly, Catherine, daughter of Piers
+Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe, Esq., by whom he had two sons, Sir Peter his
+successor, and Edmund, the subject of your correspondent's Queries, who is
+thus described in Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, p. 509.:--
+
+    "This gentleman was bred to the law, and of so great a reputation, as
+    well for zeal to religion as skill in the law, it is not strange he was
+    chosen a Member of that which was called the Long Parliament, wherein
+    he became a very leading man; for, striking in with the prevailing
+    party of those times (though he never joined with them in setting upon
+    the life of his Sovereign), he grew up to great wealth and dignity. He
+    was made Commissioner of the Great Seal [1643. Rushworth, vol. iii. p.
+    242.], worth 1500l. a-year and by ordinance of Parliament practised
+    within the bar as one of the king's counsel, worth 5000l. per annum.
+    After that he was Attorney General, _worth what he pleased to make it_
+    [!!], and then _Postmaster General_ ... from all which rich employments
+    he acquired a great estate, and among other things purchased the _Abbey
+    of Ford_, lying in the Parish of Thorncombe, in Devonshire, where he
+    built a noble new house out of the ruins of the old," &c.
+
+Prideaux cannot be called the inventor of the Post-office, although to him
+may be attributed the extension of the system. The first inland letter
+office, which, however, extended to some of the principal roads only, was
+established by Charles I. in 1635, under the direction of Thomas
+Witherings, who was superseded in 1640. On the breaking out of the civil
+war, great confusion was occasioned in the conduct of the office, and about
+that time Prideaux's plan seems to have been conceived. {268} He was
+chairman of a committee in 1642 for considering the rates upon inland
+letters; and afterwards (1644) appointed Postmaster, in the execution of
+which office he first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all
+parts of the nation. Prior to this, letters were sent by special
+messengers, or postmasters, whose duty it was to supply relays of horses at
+a certain mileage. (_Blackstone_, book i. c. 8. s. 3.)
+
+I am unable to discover when Edmund Prideaux died; but it appears that
+either he, or one of his descendants, took part in the rising of the Duke
+of Monmouth in the West of England, upon which occasion the "great estate"
+was found of great service in providing a bribe for Lord Jeffreys. In the
+Life of Lord Jeffreys, annexed to the _Western Martyrology; or, Bloody
+Assizes_ (5th ed. 266. London, 1705), it is said that "A western
+gentleman's purchase came to fifteen or sixteen hundred guineas, which my
+Lord Chancellor had." And Rapin, vol. ii. p. 270., upon the authority of
+Echard, iii. p. 775., states that in 1685 one Mr. Prideaux, of Ford Abbey,
+Somerset, gave Jeffreys 14000l. [probably misprint for 1400l.] "to save his
+life."
+
+I think it likely that your correspondent may find further information upon
+the subject of this note, in the _Life of Dr. Humphrey Prideaux, Dean of
+Norwich_ (born 1648, died 1724), published in 1748.
+
+J. B. COLMAN.
+
+Eye, March 18. 1851.
+
+Polwhele was clearly wrong in designating Edmund Prideaux, the
+Attorney-General, a Cornishman, as he belonged to the family long seated in
+Devonshire, and was fourteenth in descent from Hickedon Prideaux, of
+Orcharton, in that county, second son of Nicholas, lord of Prideaux, in
+Cornwall, who died in 1169.
+
+The four Queries of G. P. P. may be more or less fully answered by
+reference to Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, ed. 1810, p. 651.; and an
+excellent history of the Post-office in the _Penny Magazine_ for 1834, p.
+33.
+
+Is it too much to ask of your correspondent, who writes from Putney under
+my initials, that he will be so good as to change his signature? I think
+that I have strong reasons for the request, but I will only urge that I was
+first in the field, under the designation which he has adopted.[2]
+
+J. D. S.
+
+[Footnote 2: [Would J. D. S. No 1, and J. D. S. No. 2, add the final letter
+of their respective names, _h n s y_, or whatever it may be, the difficulty
+may probably be avoided. We have now so many correspondents that
+coincidence of signature can scarcely be avoided.]]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADY JANE OF WESTMORELAND.
+
+(Vol. i., p. 103.; Vol. ii., p. 485.)
+
+_Jane_, Countess of Henry Neville, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland, was
+daughter of SIR ROGER CHOLMLEY, of Kinthorpe and Roxby, co. York. (_Vis.
+York. Harl. MS._ 1487. _fol._ 354.) She is often confused with his other
+wife, Anne Manners, and also with her own sister, Margaret Gascoigne, both
+in the Neville and Cholmley pedigrees as _printed_. (Burke's _Extinct
+Baronetage_, art. _Cholmley_, and _Extinct Peerage_, art. _Neville_.) But
+while the Manners pedigree in Collins's _Peerage_ (by Longmate, vol. i. p.
+433.), as cited by Q. D., removes the former difficulty, that of Gascoigne
+is disposed of by the Cholmley pedigree in Harl. MS. above quoted, as well
+as by that (though otherwise very incorrect) in Charlton's _Whitby_, book
+iii. pp. 290, 291. 313., and by the Gascoigne pedigree in Whitaker's
+_Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 77. Thus we possess _legal and cotemporary_
+evidence who JANE, Countess of _Henry_, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland,
+really was, without any authentic obstacle or unremoveable contradiction to
+its reception, viz. that she was a _Cholmley_.
+
+But I conceive your correspondent's identification is _totally_ erroneous.
+It is true he only puts an hypothesis on the subject; but this hypothesis
+has no solid foundation. In the first place, Henry, fifth Earl of
+Westmoreland, died in 1549; and all authorities seem to agree that his
+first wife was Anne Manners, and his second Cholmley's daughter. Thus, if
+either of his countesses were living in 1585, it must have been the
+_latter_, by which means all chance of appropriation is removed from
+Manners to Cholmley. But I shall now give reasons for contending that
+neither of these ladies was your correspondent's Countess of Westmoreland,
+by referring him (2ndly) to Longmate's _Collins's Peerage_, vol. i. p. 96.,
+where he will find that _Jane_, daughter of Henry Howard, the talented and
+accomplished Earl of Surry, married Charles Neville, _sixth_ Earl of
+Westmoreland. He has evidently passed her over, through seeing her called
+_Anne_ in the Neville pedigrees: "Anne" and "Jane" being often mutually
+misread in old writing, from the cross upon the initial letter of the last
+name.
+
+I offer it to your correspondent's consideration, whether his "Jane,
+Countess of Westmoreland," was not wife of the said Charles Neville,
+_sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted 18 Eliz. (1575-6). His date
+is evidently most favourable to this view. It is true the attainder stands
+in the way; but if even this affords an obstacle, the next candidate for
+appropriation would be Jane _Cholmley_. Assuming, however, that your
+correspondent allows this lady as a candidate for the appropriation, her
+pedigree corroborates the claim. I have found, by long and minute
+observation, that hereditary talent, &c. usually descends by the _mesmeric_
+{269} tie of affection and favoritism, from fathers to the eldest daughter,
+and from mothers to the eldest son; and the pedigree of _Jane_, Countess of
+Charles, _sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, stands thus:--
+
+  EDWARD STAFFORD, Duke of Buckingham; great,
+  good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to envy.==
+                                                     |
+                   ----------------------------------
+                   |
+  _1st Dau._ ELIZABETH, wife of Thomas Howard, third
+  Duke of Norfolk.  ==
+                     |
+                   ---
+                   |
+  _1st Son._ HENRY HOWARD, Earl of Surry, the poet;
+  great, good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to
+  envy == as physical heir of his mat. grandfather.
+       |
+       -------
+              |
+  _1st Dau._ JANE, wife of Charles Neville, sixth Earl of
+  Westmoreland (and qu. the authoress in question?).
+
+Besides being eldest daughter of the celebrated poet, the said Jane,
+Countess of Westmoreland, was sister of Henry Howard, the learned Earl of
+Northampton, her father's younger son--(some younger son, like eldest
+daughters, generally inheriting, physically, in some prominent feature,
+from the father).
+
+WILLIAM D'OYLY BAYLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. iii., pp. 60. 191.).--In addition to the information
+supplied by MR. FOSS, it may be mentioned that this manuscript is so called
+from having been referred to by Griesbach as the _Codex Ulmensis apud
+Gerbert_. This takes us to the _Iter Alemannicum, Italicum et Gallicum_ of
+Martin Gerbert, published in 1765, at p. 192. of which work he informs us,
+that in the year 1760 this manuscript was preserved at Ulm in the library
+of the family of Krafft, which consisted of 6000 volumes, printed and
+manuscript. Of its history from this period till it came into Bishop
+Butler's hands, I am ignorant. Its reference at present in the British
+Museum is _MSS. Add._ 11,852.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Father Maximilian Hell_ (Vol. iii., p. 167.).--A querist is in conscience
+bound to be a respondent; I therefore hasten to tell you that Dr. Watt
+(_Biblioth. Britan._ iv. MAGNETISM, ANIMAL) should have written _Hell_
+instead of _Hehl_. It was that eminent astronomer, Maximilian _Hell_, who
+supposed that magnets affected the human frame, and, at first, approved of
+Mesmer's views. The latter was at Vienna in 1774; and perhaps got some
+parts of his theory from Father Hell, of whom he was afterwards jealous,
+and therefore very abusive. The life of Hell in Dr. Aikin's _General
+Biography_ is an unsatisfactory compilation drawn up by Mr. W. Johnston, to
+whom we are indebted for the current barbarism _so-called_. In that account
+there is not one word on Hell's _Treatise on Arti__ficial Magnets_, Vienna,
+1763; in which the germ of animal magnetism may probably be found.
+
+ENGASTRIMYTHUS.
+
+_Meaning of "strained" as used by Shakspeare_ (Vol. iii., p. 185.).--The
+context of the passage quoted by L. S. explains the sense in which
+Shakspeare used the word "strain'd:"
+
+ "_Portia._ Then _must_ the Jew be merciful.
+  _Shylock._ On what _compulsion_ must I? tell me that.
+  _Portia._ The quality of mercy is not strain'd," &c.
+
+that is, there is nothing forced, nothing of compulsion in the quality of
+mercy.
+
+Johnson gives: "To strain, to force, to constrain."
+
+Q. D.
+
+L. S. will find his difficulty solved by Johnson's Dictionary (a work to
+which he himself refers), if he compares the following quotation with
+Portia's reply to Shylock:--
+
+ "He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth
+  Is forced and strained," &c.
+
+EGDUF.
+
+    [We have also to thank, for replying to this Query, our correspondents
+    R. F., R. T. G. H., P. K., J. H. KERSHAW, C. M., Y., E. N. W., C. D.
+    LAMONT, and also MR. SNOW, who remarks that "actresses rarely commence
+    this speech satisfactorily, or give, or seem to feel, the point of
+    contrast between the _must_ and _no must_, the _compulsion_ and _no
+    compulsion_. In fact, the whole of it is usually mouthed out, without
+    much reference to Shylock or the play, as if it had been learned by
+    rote from a school speech-book. Hazlitt says, in his _Characters of
+    Shakspeare's Plays_, 'The speech about mercy is very well, but there
+    are a thousand finer ones in Shakspeare.'"]
+
+_Headings of Chapters in English Bibles_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--The
+summaries of the contents of each chapter, as found in the authorised
+editions of our English Bible, were prefixed by Miles Smith, bishop of
+Gloucester, one of the original translators, who also wrote the preface,
+and, in conjunction with Bishop Bilson, finally reviewed the whole work.
+Your correspondent will find full answers to his other queries in
+Stackhouse and Tomlins; in Johnson's _History of English Translations_,
+&c.; and in T. H. Horne's _Introduction_.
+
+COWGILL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The author of _The History of the Church of Rome to the end of the
+Episcopate of Damasus_, A.D. 384, which has just been published by Messrs.
+Longman, well remarks, "that he is not aware that there is any account of
+the Church of Rome, framed on the simple and obvious principle of merely
+collecting and arranging the testimony of history with regard to facts, and
+so presented to the reader as that he should leave a right to believe that
+when he has read what is before him, he {270} has learnt all that is to
+known. This is strange, considering the points at issue, and the extent,
+duration, and intensity of the controversies which have been carried on
+between that Church and the rest of Christendom." It is indeed strange, and
+it happens fortunately, looking at the all-important question which now
+agitates the public mind, that the subject should have engaged for some
+years the attention of a learned, acute, and laborious scholar like Mr.
+Shepherd, so that he is enabled to put forth the result of his inquiries
+upon this interesting topic at this moment. Mr. Shepherd's book is indeed a
+startling one: and when we tell our readers that he "has proved, or, to say
+the least, has given such indications as will lead to the proof that some
+documents which have been quoted as authorities in the History of the Early
+Christian Church, are neither genuine nor authentic;" that he has pretty
+well resolved St. Cyprian into a purely mythic personage; and shown that
+all the letters in his works passed between imagined or imaginary
+correspondents,--we think we are justified in pronouncing his _History of
+the Church of Rome_ a work calculated to excite the deepest interest in all
+who peruse it (and by the omission of all long quotations in the learned
+languages, it is adapted for the perusal of all), to exercise great
+influence on the public mind, and to awaken a host of endeavours to combat
+and overthrow arguments which appear to us, however, to be irresistible.
+
+The Council of the Shakspeare Society has just issued to the members the
+first volume for the present year. It contains _Two Historical Plays on the
+Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by Thomas Heywood_, which are very ably
+edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Mr. Collier; and we have no
+doubt will be very acceptable; first, from the interest of the plays
+themselves, the second of which appears to have been extremely popular;
+and, lastly, as a further instalment towards a complete collection of
+Heywood's dramatic works.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Tuesday and Wednesday next a
+valuable portion of the Library of a gentleman, including the late Charles
+Mathews' copy of the Second Shakspeare; a valuable series of works on
+Annuities, &c.; and another on the History and Antiquities of London.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Supplement on the Doctrine and Discipline of the Greek
+Church._ We characterised Mr. Appleyard's interesting little volume,
+entitled, _The Greek Church_, as historical rather than doctrinal. The
+title of this Supplement shows that it expressly supplies the very material
+in which the original work was deficient.--_Archæologia Cambrensis, New
+Series, No. VI._ A very good number of this record of the Antiquities of
+Wales and its Marches, and in which are commenced two series of papers of
+great interest to the Principality: one on the Architectural Antiquities of
+Monmouthshire, by Mr. Freeman; the other on the Poems of Taliessin, by Mr.
+Stephens.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--W. Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part 52. of
+Valuable Second-hand Books, Ancient and Modern;--Cole's (15. Great
+Turnstile, Holborn) List No. 33. of very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16.
+Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 27. of Antiquarian,
+Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; Charles Skeet's
+(21. King William Street, Strand) List No. 2. of Miscellaneous Books just
+purchased.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+  WOOD'S ATHENÆ, by Bliss. Vol. 3. 4to.
+
+  DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. Vols. 2. and 4. 4to.
+
+  NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES. Vol. 4. 8vo. 1812.
+
+  MEDE'S WORKS, by Worthington. 1664. Fol. Vol. 1.
+
+  DODD'S CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 2. Fol. edition.
+
+  WARBURTON'S (BISHOP) WORKS. 4to. edition. Vol. 1.
+
+  A MIRROR FOR MATHEMATICS, by Robert Tanner, Gent. London, 1587.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We are reluctantly compelled, by want of room, to postpone until next
+week_ MR. SINGER'S _Paper on a passage in Shakspeare's_ Anthony and
+Cleopatra; _one by_ MR. DAWSON TURNER _on the Authors of the Rolliad; and
+many other interesting communications._
+
+CROMWELL'S DEVLINGS WITH THE DEVIL. S. H. H. _is thanked for the curious
+MS. he has forwarded upon this subject, which shall appear next week, when
+the original shall be carefully returned. We should be glad to see the
+other paper referred to by_ S. H. H.
+
+A. L. _is thanked. The only reason for the non-appearance of any of his
+communications is, that they were not sent_ separately, _and we have not
+had time to make a selection. We take this opportunity of again begging
+correspondents who write to us on several subjects to oblige us by writing
+on separate papers; and_ (_which does not refer to_ A. L.) _by writing_
+plainly, _more particularly_ proper names _and_ quotations.
+
+K. R. H. M. _Received._
+
+NOCAB _has our very best thanks for his kind letter, and his endeavours to
+increase our circulation. We are endeavouring to arrange for a permanent
+enlargement of our paper, and propose shortly to make use of_ NOCAB'S
+_communication and valuable hint._
+
+SING'S _reminder, that Saturday last, the 29th of March, was "the centenary
+anniversary of the death of Captain Coram, the worthy founder of the
+Foundling," reached us too late for us to call attention to it._
+
+MR. A. J. DUNKIN'S _communication on the subject of his proposed_ Monumenta
+Anglicana _shall have our early attention._
+
+KERRIENSIS _is thanked for several interesting communications of which we
+propose to make an early use._
+
+_Will_ L. M. M. R. _send his address? The book he wants has been reported
+to the publisher._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Mathew's Med. Passage--San Grail--Nettle in. &c.--The
+Tanthony--Treatise by Engelbert--Circulation of the Blood--Sir A.
+Chadwick--Rowley Powley--Langholme Fair--Epitaph on a Turncoat--Gig
+Hill--Damasked Linen--Endeavour--Meaning of Strained--Rack--Daughter of
+James II.--Snail-eating--Munchausen's Travels--Mitre, &c.--Cloven
+Tongues--"Going the whole hog"--Expression in Milton--Haybands in
+Seals--King John at Lincoln--Handbell--Vineyards--Mazer Wood._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price
+9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c. are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+_Errata._--P. 236, Col. 2. l. 26, for _Hanse town_ read _hamlet_; p. 238,
+col. 1. l. 27, for "_cr_atus" read "_n_atus"; p. 217, col. 1. l. 29. for
+"Cou_n_t" read "Cou_r_t"; p. 250, col. 1. l. 4, for "_T_edley" read
+"_S_edley," col. 2. l. 23, for "tant_us_" read "tant_as_."
+
+{271}
+
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+As a practical explanation of the above views, THREE SAMPLE VOLUMES of the
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+The following are the Volumes which appeared on the 31st of March,
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+BOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, VOL. I.
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+THE BOOK OF ENGLISH SONGS.
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+THE BURIED CITY OF THE EAST--NINEVEH.
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+ILLUSTRATIONS of the REMAINS of ROMAN ART in CIRENCESTER, the SITE of
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+
+Cirencester: BAILY AND JONES; London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+HARDWICK'S HISTORY OF THE ARTICLES.
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+In 8vo., 10s. 6d.,
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+A HISTORY of the ARTICLES of RELIGION; to which is added a SERIES of
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+Hall, Cambridge, and Whitehall Preacher.
+
+RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place; and DEIGHTON,
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+Second Edition, Now Ready, Price 3s. 6d.,
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+THE NUPTIALS of BARCELONA: A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish Tyranny.
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+
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+    the day."--_Sunday Times._
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+SAUNDERS and OTLEY, Publishers, Conduit Street.
+
+{272}
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+YEAST: a PROBLEM. Reprinted, with Additions and Alterations, from FRASER'S
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+HISTORY OF MOHAMMEDANISM AND ITS SECTS. By W. COOKE TAYLOR, LL.D. Third and
+Cheaper Edition. 4s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+GREGORY OF NAZIANZUM: a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical History of the
+Fourth Century. By PROFESSOR ULLMANN. Translated by G. V. COX, M.A. 6s.
+
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+THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIVING. By HERBERT MAYO, M.D., late Senior Surgeon to the
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+CHEMISTRY OF FIRE, AIR, EARTH, AND WATER: an Essay, founded upon Lectures
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+Bartholomew's Hospital. With numerous Illustrations, Second Edition. 4s.
+6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+DE OBLIGATIONE CONSCIENTIÆ PRÆLECTIONES DECEM OXONII IN SCHOLA THEOLOGICA
+HABITÆ. A ROBERTO SANDERSON, S. Theologicæ Ibidem Pofessore Regio. Edited
+for the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press. With English Notes,
+including an abridged Translation, by W. WHEWELL, D.D., Master of Trinity
+College. 9s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+THE EARLY PROGRESS of the GOSPEL: being the Hulsean Lectures for 1850. By
+W. G. HUMPHRY, B.D., Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of London. 8vo.
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+LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORD'S APOSTLES. By A COUNTRY PASTOR. 3s.
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+BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST.
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+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.
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+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 5. 1851.
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+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5,
+1851, by Various
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+      Notes And Queries, Issue 75.
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23402]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 257 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page257"></a>{257}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 75.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 5. 1851.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Two Chancellors, by Edward Foss</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page257">257</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page258">258</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Folk Lore:&mdash;Cure of Hooping Cough&mdash;Charms from
+      Devonshire&mdash;Lent Lilies&mdash;Oak Webs, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page258">258</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Threnodia Carolina of Sir Thomas Herbert, by Bolton Corney</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page259">259</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Notes:&mdash;Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis&mdash;Moorfields
+      in Charles II.'s Time&mdash;Derivation of Yankee&mdash;A Word to
+      Literary Men</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page260">260</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Poems of John Seguard of Norwich, by Sir F. Madden</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page261">261</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page262">262</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Queries:&mdash;The Vellum-bound Junius&mdash;What is a
+      Tye?&mdash;"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout"&mdash;Arms of Robert
+      Nelson&mdash;Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York &mdash;Moore's
+      Almanack&mdash;Archbishop Loftus&mdash;Matrix of Monastic
+      Seal&mdash;Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon&mdash; Villiers Duke of
+      Buckingham&mdash;Porci solidi-pedes&mdash; The Heywood
+      Family&mdash;Was Charles II. ever in Wales?&mdash;Dog's Head in the
+      Pot&mdash;"Poor Alinda's growing old"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page262">262</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries Answered</span>:&mdash;Who was the
+      Author of "The Modest Enquiry, &amp;c."?&mdash;William Penn's Family
+      &mdash;Deal, Dover, and Harwich&mdash;Author of Broad Stone of
+      Honour&mdash;Pope Joan&mdash;The Well o' the World's End&mdash;Sides
+      and Angles&mdash;Meaning of Ratche &mdash;"Feast of Reason,"
+      &amp;c.&mdash;Tu autem</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page264">264</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Barons of Hugh Lupus</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page266">266</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page266">266</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Lady Jane of Westmoreland</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page268">268</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Ulm Manuscript&mdash;Father
+      Maximilian Hell&mdash;Meaning of "strained" as used by
+      Shakspeare&mdash;Headings of Chapters in English Bibles</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page269">269</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page270">270</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page270">270</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page271">271</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>TWO CHANCELLORS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Although neither your readers nor I are politicians enough to
+  interfere in the changes proposed with reference to the office of Lord
+  Chancellor, I doubt not that some of them, now the subject is on the
+  <i>tapis</i>, may feel interested in a fact connected with it, which our
+  ancient records disclose: namely, that on one occasion there were <i>two
+  chancellors</i> acting at the same time for several months together, and
+  both regularly appointed by the king.</p>
+
+  <p>It is an unique instance, occurring in the reign of Edward IV.: the
+  two chancellors being Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, and John
+  Alcock, Bishop of Rochester. The former received the Great Seal in May,
+  1474, in the fourteenth year of the reign, and without any doubt
+  continued chancellor till the king's death; and yet, from April to
+  September in the following year, the latter was also addressed by the
+  same title. During that interval of five months, there are numerous writs
+  of Privy Seal addressed by the king to both, in which each of them is
+  styled "our chancellor."</p>
+
+  <p>This curious circumstance may be thus accounted for. King Edward had
+  for some time been contemplating an invasion of France; and when his
+  preparations were completed (about April), as he required his chancellor,
+  Bishop Rotheram, to attend him on the expedition, it became necessary to
+  provide some competent person to transact the business of the Chancery in
+  his absence. On previous occasions of this nature, it had been usual to
+  place the seal that was used in England, when the king was abroad, in the
+  hands of the Master of the Rolls, or some other master in Chancery, with
+  the title of Keeper: but, for some unexplained reason (perhaps because
+  Bishop Alcock was a man whom the king delighted to honour), this prelate
+  was dignified with the superior designation, although Bishop Rotheram
+  still retained it. The voyage being delayed from April to July, during
+  the whole of that period, each being in England, both acted in the same
+  character; Privy Seals, as I have said, being sent to both, and bills in
+  Chancery being addressed also to Bishop Alcock as chancellor. Rotheram
+  was with the king in France as his chancellor, and is so described on
+  opening the negotiation in August, which led to the discreditable peace
+  by which Edward made himself a pensioner to the French king. No Privy
+  Seals were addressed to Alcock after September 28; which may therefore be
+  considered the close of this double chancellorship, and the date of
+  Bishop Rotheram's return to England.</p>
+
+  <p>Who knows whether the discovery of this ancient authority may not
+  suggest to our legislators the division of the title between two
+  possessors <!-- Page 258 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page258"></a>{258}</span>with distinct duties, in the same manner
+  that two chief justices were substituted in the reign of Henry III. for
+  one chief justiciary?</p>
+
+  <p>The immediate interest of this fact has prompted me to anticipate its
+  appearance in the volumes of my work, which you have been kind enough to
+  announce as being in the press.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. III.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Now flieth Venus in to Ciclinius tour.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Alas, and there hath she no socour,</p>
+      <p>For she ne found ne sey no maner wight.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Wherefore her selven for to hide and save,</p>
+      <p>Within the gate she fledde in to a cave.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Now God helpe sely Venus alone,</p>
+      <p>But as God wold it happed for to be,</p>
+      <p>That while the weping Venus made her mone,</p>
+      <p>Ciclinius riding in his chirachee,</p>
+      <p><i>Fro Venus Valanus might this palais see;</i></p>
+      <p>And Venus he salveth and maketh chere,</p>
+      <p>And her receiveth as his frende full dere."</p>
+      <p class="i6"><i>Complaint of Mars and Venus.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Having in my last communication (Vol. iii., p. 235.) shown cause for
+  the alteration in the foregoing quotation of Ciclinius into Cyllenius, I
+  shall now endeavour to interpret the line in Italics, which in its
+  present shape is utterly without meaning.</p>
+
+  <p>Whatever word <i>Valanus</i> may be supposed to represent, whether a
+  proper or a common name, still the construction of the whole line is
+  evidently corrupt.</p>
+
+  <p>Taking Valanus, in the first place, as a proper name, the most
+  probable original would be <span class="sc">Valens</span>; for the
+  connexion of which with Mercury we must refer to Cicero (<i>De Nat.
+  Deor.</i> iii. 22.), where mention is made of it in these
+  words:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Alter (Mercurius) <i>Valentis</i> et Phoronidis filius, is qui sub
+  terris habetur idem Trophonius."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Here the identification with Trophonius strikes us at once as
+  affording a clue to <span class="scac">THE CAVE</span> into which Venus
+  fled, giving great probability to Valens as the true solution of
+  Chaucer's meaning.</p>
+
+  <p>But if we receive it as such, the following hypothesis becomes
+  necessary, viz., that Chaucer imagined a <i>double impersonation</i> of
+  Mercury&mdash;one absent, the other present,&mdash;one sidereal, the
+  other mythological,&mdash;one Cyllenius, the other Valens.</p>
+
+  <p>When Venus first enters Mercury's "palais," she "<i>ne found ne sey no
+  maner wight</i>." This signifies the absence from home of
+  <i>Cyllenius</i>, who was abroad upon "his chirachee" in attendance upon
+  the Sun; and here again is an instance of the nice astronomical accuracy
+  of Chaucer. It was impossible that the <i>planet</i> Mercury could be in
+  the sign Gemini, because his greatest elongation, or apparent distance
+  from the sun, does not exceed 29 degrees; so that the Sun having but just
+  entered Taurus, Mercury could not be in Gemini. Neither could Venus see
+  Valens (the other impersonation of Mercury), because of his concealment
+  in the cave; but when she entered the cave, then she was welcomed and
+  received by him.</p>
+
+  <p>Now, to render the text conformable with this interpretation, some
+  alteration in the construction is necessary, as indeed it must be in any
+  attempt to render the passage intelligible.</p>
+
+  <p>Taking, away the word "Fro," and transposing "might" to the other side
+  of "Valanus," the lines would stand thus,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"&mdash;&mdash; it happed for to be</p>
+      <p>That, while the weping Venus made her mone,</p>
+      <p>(Cyllenius riding in his chirachee)</p>
+      <p>Venus might Valens in this palais see;</p>
+      <p>And Venus he salveth and maketh chere</p>
+      <p>And her receiveth as his frende full dere!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>On the other supposition of "Valanus" being a common name, to which a
+  capital letter has been prefixed in mistake, then the only word for which
+  it would appear to be a probable substitution would be "Vallum," in the
+  sense of a border or rampart; but the application would be so far-fetched
+  that I shall not attempt it, especially as I look upon the explanation
+  afforded by "Valens" as most probably the true one.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. E. B.
+
+  <p>Leeds, March 20. 1851.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Cure of Hooping Cough.</i>&mdash;There is a superstition in
+  Cheshire that hooping cough may be cured by holding a toad for a few
+  moments with its head within the mouth of the person affected. I heard
+  only the other day of a cure by this somewhat disagreeable process; the
+  toad was said to have caught the disease, which in this instance proved
+  fatal to it in a few hours.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. H. H.
+
+  <p><i>Charms from Devonshire.</i>&mdash;The following charms were
+  obtained from an old woman in this parish, though probably they are all
+  known to you already:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(<i>a.</i>) <i>For a Scald or Burn.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"There were three angels came from The East and West,</p>
+      <p>One brought fire and another brought frost,</p>
+      <p>And the third it was the Holy Ghost.</p>
+      <p>Out fire, in frost, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(<i>b.</i>) <i>For a Sprain.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"As our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was riding into
+  Jerusalem, His horse tripped and sprained his leg. Our Blessed Lord and
+  Saviour blessed it, and said,</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'Bone to bone, and vein to vein,</p>
+      <p>O vein, turn to thy rest again!'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>M. N. so shall thine, in the Name," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><!-- Page 259 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page259"></a>{259}</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(<i>c.</i>) <i>For stopping Blood.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Our Blessed Saviour was born in Bethlehem and baptized in the river
+  Jordan.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'The Waters were wild and rude.</p>
+      <p>The child Jesus was meek, mild, and good.'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>He put His foot into the waters, and the waters stopped, and so shall
+  thy blood, in the Name," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(<i>d.</i>) <i>For the Tooth-ache.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"All glory! all glory! all glory! be to the Father, and to the Son,
+  and to the Holy Ghost.</p>
+
+  <p>"As our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was walking in the garden of
+  Gethsamene, He saw Peter weeping. He called him unto Him, and said, Peter
+  why, weepest thou? Peter answered and said, Lord, I am grievously
+  tormented with pain, the pain of my tooth. Our Lord answered and said, If
+  thou wilt believe in Me, and My words abide with thee, thou shalt never
+  feel any more pain in thy tooth. Peter said, Lord, I believe, help Thou
+  my unbelief. In the Name, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>"God grant M. N. ease from the pain in his teeth."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>(<i>e.</i>) <i>For Fits.</i>&mdash;Go into a church at midnight and
+  walk three times round the communion table. This was done in this parish
+  a few years since.</p>
+
+  <p>(<i>f.</i>) An inhabitant of this parish told me that his father went
+  into Lydford Church, at twelve o'clock at night, and cut off some lead
+  from every diamond pane in the windows with which he made a heart, to be
+  worn by his wife afflicted with "<i>breastills</i>," i.e. <i>sore
+  breasts</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>(<i>g.</i>) The skin cast by a snake is very useful in extracting
+  thorns, &amp;c. from the body, but, unlike I other remedies, it is
+  repellent, not attractive; hence it must always be applied on the
+  opposite side to that on which the thorn entered. In some cases where the
+  skin has been applied on the same side, it has forced the thorn
+  completely through the hand.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lent Lilies.&mdash;Oak Webs, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;In this part of
+  Cornwall, the native yellow narcissus, known in most counties, and in the
+  books, as <i>daffodils</i> (the "Daffy Down Dilly" of your correspondent,
+  Vol. iii. p. 220.), are called only by the name of <i>Lent lilies</i>, or
+  simply <i>Lents</i>, and are commonly sold by the poor children,
+  frequently in exchange for <i>pins</i>. The pleasing name reminds one of
+  Michaelmas Daisy (<i>Chrysanthemum</i>), Christmas rose (<i>Helleborus
+  niger</i>), and the beautiful pasque flower (<i>Anemone
+  pulsatilla</i>).</p>
+
+  <p>The common beetle called cockchafer is here known only as the
+  <i>oak-web</i>, and a smaller beetle as <i>fern-web</i>. It seems hard to
+  guess why they should be named <i>web</i> (which in Anglo-Saxon means
+  <i>weaver</i>), as they do not, I think, form any cocoon.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. G. T.
+
+  <p>Launceston.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>THE THRENODIA CAROLINA OF SIR THO. HERBERT.</h3>
+
+  <p>The <i>Threnodia Carolina</i> of sir Thomas Herbert is a jewel of
+  historical composition, and I am persuaded that a new edition of it, if
+  formed on a collation of the best manuscripts, and illustrated by
+  extracts from the principal historians of the same period, would not only
+  be received by the public with thanks, but with expressions of surprise
+  that so rare a treasure should have been suffered to remain in such
+  comparative obscurity.</p>
+
+  <p>There are four manuscripts of the work in public libraries, two of
+  which I am enabled to describe.</p>
+
+  <p>1. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 7396.</p>
+
+  <p>This Ms. is in folio. The preliminary leaves have the notes marked 1,
+  2, 3&mdash;the second being in the handwriting of sir William Dugdale.
+  The narrative occupies thirty-six pages, with interlinear corrections and
+  additions. This Ms. does not contain the words <i>This brief
+  narrative</i>, &amp;c. nor the letter dated the 3d Nov. 1681.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"THRENODIA CAROLINA."</span></p>
+
+  <p>(1) "This book contains S<sup>r</sup> Tho. Herberts memoirs being the
+  original in his own hand sent to S<sup>r</sup> W<sup>m</sup> Dugdale in
+  1678."</p>
+
+  <p>(2) "A true and perfect narrative of the most remarkable passages
+  relating to king Charles the first of blessed memory, written by the
+  proper land of S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert baronet, who attended upon
+  his ma<sup>tie</sup> from Newcastle upon Tine, when he was sold by the
+  Scotts, during the whole time of his greatest afflictions, till his death
+  and buriall; w<sup>ch</sup> was sent to me S<sup>r</sup> Will<sup>m</sup>
+  Dugdale knight, garter principall king of armes, in Michaellmasse Terme
+  a<sup>o</sup>. 1678, by the said S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert, from
+  Yorke, where he resideth."</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"VERITAS ODIUM PARIT."</span></p>
+
+  <p>(3) "Court passages in the two last yeares of the raigne of king
+  Charles the first, during y<sup>e</sup> time of his affliction."</p>
+
+  <p>2. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 4705.</p>
+
+  <p>This Ms. is in small folio. It was formerly in the possession of Peter
+  le Neve, norroy. A preliminary leaf has the subjoined attestation by sir
+  William Dugdale. The narrative is much more ample and circumstantial than
+  in the former Ms., but it is not all in the handwriting of sir Thomas
+  Herbert. The letter dated 3 November 1681, and the relations of
+  Huntington, Cooke, and Firebrace, are added in the handwriting of
+  Dugdale; also, the names of persons who corresponded with Charles I.
+  while he was a prisoner in the Isle of Wight. The passages transcribed by
+  the <span class="sc">Rev. Alfred Gatty</span> appear in this
+  Ms.&mdash;also in the edition of 1702. The edition of 1813 is a
+  <i>verbatim</i> reprint of the first and second articles of that of 1702.
+  It was edited by Mr. George Nicol.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"CAROLINA THRENODIA."</span></p>
+
+  <p>"This booke containeth a large answer to a short letter sent by
+  S<sup>r</sup> Will<sup>m</sup> Dugdale kn<sup>t</sup> (garter; principall
+  king of armes) unto S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert baronet, <!-- Page 260
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page260"></a>{260}</span>residing in
+  the citty of Yorke. By w<sup>ch</sup> letter he did desire the sayd
+  S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Herbert to informe him of such materiall passages,
+  as he had observed touching the late king Charles the first (of blessed
+  memory) during the time that he the sayd S<sup>r</sup> Thomas did attend
+  him in person; B<sup>t</sup> for the two last yeares of his afflicted
+  life."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The other Mss. alluded to are preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at
+  Oxford. The most important is No. 1141., which is minutely described in
+  the admirable catalogue compiled by Mr. Black. A transcript of the
+  <i>Threnodia Carolina</i> by Ant. à Wood, also in the Ashmolean Museum,
+  is recorded by Huddesford.</p>
+
+  <p>As there were two <i>recensions</i> of the narrative, I have added a
+  specimen of each of the Harleian Mss., which may serve as a clue to the
+  nature of other copies, whether in public libraries, or in private
+  hands.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Lords ordered a girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters to
+  be cutt in Lead and putt about the Coffin. being onely these wordes</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">King Charles</span><br />
+1648.</p>
+
+  <p>The kings body was then brought from the chamber to Saint Georges
+  hall. whence after a Little pause, it was w<sup>th</sup> a slow pase
+  &amp; much sorrow carrye'd by those gentlemen that were in mourninge: the
+  Lords in blacks following the royall Corpes &amp; many gentlemen after
+  them, and their attendants."&mdash;<span class="sc">Threnodia
+  Carolina</span>, p. 36. Harleian MS. 7396.</p>
+
+  <p>"The girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters in Lead putt about
+  the Coffin had onely these words.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">King-Charles.</span><br />
+1648.</p>
+
+  <p>The Kings body was then brought from his Bed-chamber, downe into
+  S<sup>t</sup> Georges-hall; whence after a little stay, itt was with a
+  slow and solemn pace (much sorrow in most faces discernable) carryed by
+  gentlemen that were of some quallity and in mourning. the Lords in like
+  habitts followed the Royall Corps. the Governor, and severall gentlemen,
+  and officers, and attendants came after."&mdash;<span class="sc">Carolina
+  Threnodia</span>, p. 80. Harleian MS. 4705.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bolton Corney.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs of Charles I.</i>&mdash;The question
+  suggested by <span class="sc">Mr. Gatty's</span> first note upon this
+  subject was one of some importance, viz., whether the original MS. in the
+  possession of his friend contained anything of Sir Thomas Herbert's not
+  hitherto published? There is no doubt that the "Memoir of the two last
+  years of King Charles I." was written by Sir Thomas Herbert, after his
+  retirement to his native city of York, at the request of the author of
+  the <i>Athenæ Oxonienses</i>, who made use of nearly the whole of it in
+  compiling that great work, adapting different portions to his
+  biographical notices of the persons to whom they principally related. The
+  notices of Colonel Joyce and Colonel Cobbet are chiefly composed of
+  extracts from Herbert's Memoir; whilst under the name of Herbert himself
+  not more than about one-third of his own communication will be found.</p>
+
+  <p>The first edition of the <i>Athenæ</i> was not published until 1691,
+  several years after Sir Thomas Herbert's death; and the memoir in a
+  complete form, with the title of <i>Threnodia Carolina</i>, did not
+  appear until the year 1702, when it was published by Dr. Charles Goodall,
+  physician to the Charter House, together with other tracts relating to
+  Charles I. This is doubtless the volume described by <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Bolton Corney</span> (vol. iii., p. 157.), who will, I hope, favour your
+  readers with the information requested by <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Gatty</span> (p. 222.).</p>
+
+  <p>The Memoir, as published in 1813 by G. and W. Nicol, Booksellers, Pall
+  Mall, professes to be a faithful reprint of the former edition of 1702.
+  The commencing and concluding paragraphs in this reprint are precisely
+  the same as those transcribed by <span class="sc">Mr. Gatty's</span>
+  friend from the MS. in his possession. His idea, that an incorrect copy
+  of his MS. was improperly obtained, and published in 1813, seems to be
+  without foundation.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&Delta;</span>.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis.</i>&mdash;The following extract from
+  an advertisement in the <i>St. James's Chronicle</i>, April 15, 1779, is
+  worth a note as illustrative of the altered value of the book referred
+  to:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If any person is possessed of an impression of Shakspeare's <i>Venus
+  and Adonis</i>, 4to. Printed by Richard Field for John Harrison, 1593,
+  and will bring it to Mr. Thomas Longman, bookseller, in Paternoster Row,
+  he will receive one guinea for it."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Malone gave 25<i>l.</i> for the copy in his collection in the
+  Bodleian.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. F. M.
+
+  <p><i>Moorfields in Charles II.'s Time.</i>&mdash;I copy this from <i>The
+  New Help to Discourse</i>, published about 1670:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Two gentlemen of Stepney going homewards over Moor-fields, about
+  twelve of the clock at night, were staid by an impertinent constable with
+  many frivolous questions, more by half to show his office than his wit;
+  one whereof was, If they were not afraid to go home at that time of the
+  night? They answered, 'No.' 'Well,' said he, 'I shall let you pass at
+  this time; but if you should be knockt on the lead before you get home,
+  you cannot but report that there was a good watch kept in
+  Moor-fields."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Yankee, Derivation of.</i>&mdash;The word <i>Yankee</i> is nothing
+  more than the word <i>English</i> so transformed by the imperfect
+  pronunciation of the natives of Massachusets&mdash;<i>Yenghis</i>,
+  <i>Yanghis</i>, <i>Yankies</i>. The orthography of this much-used
+  epithet, which is not given, we believe, in any English or American work,
+  was communicated to M. Philarète <!-- Page 261 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page261"></a>{261}</span>Charles by one of the
+  best-informed men of that province.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Le mot Yankee, appliqué aujourd'hui comme sobriquet aux populations
+  agricoles et commerçantes du nord, n'est autre que le mot <i>English</i>
+  transformé par la prononciation défectueuse des indigènes du
+  Massachusets: <i>Yenghis</i>, <i>Yanghis</i>, <i>Yankies</i>. Nous tenons
+  de l'un des hommes les plus instruit de la province cette curieuse
+  étymologie, que ne donne aucun ouvrage americain ou anglais. Les Anglais,
+  quand ils se moquent des <i>Yankies</i>, se moquent
+  d'eux-mèmes."&mdash;Philarète Charles, "Les Americains," in <i>Revue des
+  Deux Mondes</i>, May 15, 1850.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M.
+
+  <p><i>A Word to Literary Men</i> (Vol. iii., p. 161.).&mdash;Perhaps
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Kenneth R.&nbsp;H. Mackenzie</span> will allow me to add
+  the following as a <i>rider</i> to his suggestion:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Even after all the labours of the Prussian scholars," says Dr.
+  Arnold, "much remains to be done towards obtaining a complete knowledge
+  of the number, and still more of the value, of the Greek MSS. now
+  existing in Europe. It is not easy to know how many MSS. of any given
+  writer are extant, where they are to be found, and, above all, whether
+  from their age and character they are worth the trouble of an exact
+  collation. A labour of this kind cannot be accomplished by individuals;
+  but the present spirit of liberal co-operation, which seems to influence
+  literary as well as scientific men throughout Europe, renders its
+  accomplishment by the combined exertions of the scholars of different
+  countries by no meals impracticable. It would be exceedingly convenient
+  to possess an alphabetical list of all the extant Greek and Latin
+  writers, with a <i>catalogue raisonnée</i> of the MSS. of each; and if
+  such a work were attempted, there is little doubt, I imagine, that in
+  point of number a very large addition would be made to the stock of MSS.
+  already known. What the result might be in point of value is another
+  question; still it is desirable to know what we have to trust to; and
+  when we have obtained a right estimate of our existing resources in
+  manuscripts, we shall then be better able to judge what modern criticism
+  will have to do from its own means towards bringing the text of the
+  ancient writers to the greatest possible state of
+  perfection."&mdash;Preface to <i>Thucydides</i>, vol. iii. page iv. 2d
+  edit.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">M. N.
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>POEMS OF JOHN SEGUARD OF NORWICH.</h3>
+
+  <p>In the <i>Letters on the British Museum</i>, 1767 (referred to Vol.
+  iii., p. 208.), at p. 33. is given a short Latin poem, which the writer
+  states he "found among the manuscripts;" and adds, "It was written by
+  John Seward in the time of Henry V., who conquered Charles VI. of
+  France." The poem is as follows:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ite per extremam Tanaim, pigrosque Triones,</p>
+      <p>Ite per arentem Lybiam, superate calores</p>
+      <p>Solis, et arcanos Nili deprendite fontes,</p>
+      <p>Herculeumque sinum, Bacchi transcurrite metas,</p>
+      <p>Angli juris erit quicquid complectitur orbis.</p>
+      <p>Anglis rubra dabunt pretiosas æquora conchas,</p>
+      <p>Indus ebur, ramos Panchaia, vellera Seres,</p>
+      <p>Dum viget Henricus, dum noster vivit Achilles;</p>
+      <p>Est etenim laudes longe transgressus avitas."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>If these lines are compared with the contemporary Leonine verses in
+  praise of Henry V., preserved in MS. Cott. Cleop. B. i. f. 173.
+  beginning:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ad Salvatoris laudes, titulos et honores."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>their great superiority, in point of Latinity, will be perceived, and
+  this Query forthwith arises: Who was John Seward?</p>
+
+  <p>In reply to this, the following information has been collected. The
+  name of the author was not <i>Seward</i>, but <i>Seguard</i>. He is not
+  mentioned by Leland, but Bale calls him "insignis sui temporis rhetor ac
+  poeta;" and states further, that in the city of Norwich, "non sine magno
+  auditorum fructu, bonas artes ingenue profitebatur." He then gives a list
+  of his writings, among which is a work on Prosody, entitled
+  <i>Metristenchiridion</i>, addressed to Richard Courtney, Bishop of
+  Norwich, who held the see only from Sept. 1413 to Sept. 1415, and
+  therefore composed during that interval. He notices also a tract <i>De
+  miseria hominis</i>, together with <i>Carmina diversi generis</i> and
+  <i>Epistolæ ad diversos</i>; all of which, he says, he himself saw in
+  manuscripts in Merton College, Oxford, and in the Royal Library of Edward
+  VI. Pits, the next authority in point of date, chiefly follows Bale in
+  his account of John Seguard; but adds, "Equestris ordinis in Anglia patre
+  natus," and among his writings inserts one not specified by Bale, <i>De
+  laudibus Regis Henrici Quinti, versu</i>. Tanner copies the first of
+  these statements, yet, singular enough, omits all notice of the poem on
+  Henry V., the very one, apparently, cited in the <i>Letters on the
+  British Museum</i>. But there are further difficulties. It was natural to
+  suppose, that the MS. seen by Bale in the Royal Library would be there
+  still; and Tanner unhesitatingly refers to the volume marked 15 A. xxii.
+  art. 5., as the one which contained the poem <i>De miseria hominis</i>,
+  noted by Bale. On looking, however, at this manuscript, it became
+  apparent that both Bale and Tanner are in error in ascribing this poem to
+  Seguard. The handwriting is of the early part of the thirteenth century,
+  and consequently full a century and a half before the Norwich poet was
+  born! At the conclusion is this note, by the same hand:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Hos versus, sicut nobis quidam veridicus retulit, Segardus junior de
+  Sancto Audomaro composuit."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The writer here named is not mentioned in Fabricius, nor in the
+  <i>Histoire Littéraire de la France</i>. Besides the MS. in Merton
+  College, Oxford, referred to by Bale, which still exists there under the
+  signature Q. 3. 1., I find another in Bernard's <i>Catt.</i> <!-- Page
+  262 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page262"></a>{262}</span><i>MSS.
+  Angliæ</i>, 1697, vol. ii. p. 216., among the manuscripts of Sir Henry
+  Langley of Shropshire, "No. 22. Jo. Segnard [<i>read</i> Seguard]
+  Poemata." I would therefore close these remarks by requesting attention
+  to the following Queries:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>1. As Blomefield is silent on the subject, is anything more known
+  respecting the biography of John Seguard?</p>
+
+  <p>2. Can a list be obtained of the contents of the Merton
+  manuscript?</p>
+
+  <p>3. What became of the Langley MS., and where is it at present?</p>
+
+  <p>4. In what manuscript of the British Museum is the poem on Henry V.
+  contained?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Madden</span>.
+
+  <p>P.S. Since I wrote the above, I have found in the Sale Catalogue of
+  the Towneley library, 1814, pt. i. lot 396.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Seguardi Opuscula.</i> Manuscript on vellum. This volume contains
+  several treatises not mentioned by Bale or Pits."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It was purchased by Mr. Laing for 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> May I,
+  therefore, add one more Query?</p>
+
+  <p>5. Can the present owner of this MS. (which is probably the same as
+  the Langley copy) furnish a note of its contents?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. M.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>EPITAPH ON THE COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE.</h3>
+
+  <p>Who was the writer of the oft-quoted lines,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Underneath this marble (sable) hearse," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>intended, as all know, for an epitaph on Mary Sidney, afterwards
+  Countess of Pembroke, but not inscribed upon any monumental stone? They
+  are almost universally attributed to Ben Jonson, and are included amongst
+  his poems. But this is not conclusive evidence, as we also there find the
+  epitaph on Drayton, which was written by Quarles. In Aubrey's MS.
+  <i>Memoires of Naturall Remarques in Wilts</i>, these verses are said to
+  have been "made by Mr. Willi&#x101;. Browne, who wrote the Pastoralls,
+  and they are inserted there." Mr. Britton, in his <i>Life of Aubrey</i>
+  (p. 96.), adds:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is essential to observe, that Aubrey is not alone in stating them
+  to be by Browne; for, in his note upon the subject, he left a blank for
+  the latter's Christian name, 'William,' which was filled up by Evelyn
+  when he perused the manuscript. Indeed, Evelyn added as a further note,
+  '<i>William</i>, Governor to the now Earl of Oxford.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>But these lines are not to be found in Browne's <i>Pastorals</i>. In
+  book ii., song 4., there is an epitaph, but which bears little
+  resemblance to the one in question. It concludes with the following
+  conceit:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"If to the grave there ever was assign'd</p>
+      <p>One like this nymph in body and in minde,</p>
+      <p>We wish here in balme, not vainely spent,</p>
+      <p>To fit this maiden with a monument,</p>
+      <p>For brass, and marble, were they seated here,</p>
+      <p>Would fret, or melt in tears, to lye so near."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Addison, in <i>The Spectator</i>, No. 323., speaks of this epitaph as
+  "written by an uncertain author." This was not more than seventy-five or
+  eighty years after Jonson's death. In the lives of the Sidneys, and in
+  Ballard's <i>Memoirs of Celebrated Ladies</i> (1752), no author is
+  mentioned; but the latter speaks of the epitaph as likely to be more
+  lasting than marble or brass. To the six lines which generally stand
+  alone, the following are added in the two last-mentioned works:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Marble pyles let no man raise,</p>
+      <p>To her name, for after daies,</p>
+      <p>Some kind woman, born as she,</p>
+      <p>Reading this like Niobe,</p>
+      <p>Shall turn marble, and become,</p>
+      <p>Both her mourner and her tomb."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>These are also given by Brydges in his <i>Peers Of James II.</i>, but
+  they are not in Jonson's works. Did they originally form part of the
+  epitaph, or are they the production of another and later author?</p>
+
+  <p>That this epitaph should be attributed to Jonson, may possibly have
+  arisen from the following lines being confounded with it. Jacob, in his
+  <i>English Poets</i>, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To show that Ben was famous at <i>epigram</i>, I need only transcribe
+  the epitaph he wrote on the Lady Elizabeth L.&nbsp;H.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Underneath this stone doth lie</p>
+      <p>As much virtue as could die,</p>
+      <p>Which when alive did harbour give</p>
+      <p>To as much beauty as could live.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. M.
+
+  <p>Bath.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Vellum-bound Junius.</i>&mdash;Mr. Cramp, in his late
+  publication, <i>Junius and his Works</i>, conjectures that the printer
+  having bound a copy of <i>Junius</i> for and under the direction of the
+  writer of the letters, followed the pattern in the binding of other
+  copies; and this, he says, "will account for similar copies having been
+  found in the libraries of so many persons, which from time to time has
+  occasioned so much speculation." With Mr. Cramp's conjecture I do not
+  concern myself; but I should be much obliged if he would inform me,
+  through your Journal, in what libraries, and where, these many
+  vellum-bound copies have been found, and where I can find the
+  speculations to which they have given rise.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">V. B.
+
+  <p><i>The Vellum-bound Junius.</i>&mdash;Some years ago, on reading the
+  private letters of Junius, addressed to H.&nbsp;S. Woodfall, and printed by G.
+  Woodfall, 1812, I was particularly struck by those of No. 58. and 59.,
+  wherein he states a desire to have one set of his letters (which were
+  published 3d March, 1772, by Woodfall) <i>bound in vellum</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Constantly bearing in mind the fact of the vellum copy, I invariably
+  examined all the book <!-- Page 263 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page263"></a>{263}</span>catalogues that came in my way for it. At
+  last the long-wished-for object appeared in the Stowe sale, and I
+  immediately gave my agent instruction to purchase the book for me, and he
+  might offer as much as 10<i>l.</i>: he bid 8<i>l.</i>, and then it was
+  intimated that it was no use to go on; that fifty guineas would not
+  purchase it, or any other sum.</p>
+
+  <p>Query, Has this volume been in any other sale? if not, it certainly
+  connects the Buckingham family with Junius, though it does not prove the
+  author.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. D. Haggard.</span>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The Stowe copy of Junius, it appears, was bought by Mr. Rodd for
+  9<i>l.</i>, no doubt upon commission.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>What is a "Tye?"</i>&mdash;In Essex, many parishes have a place
+  called "the tye," which I believe is always an out-lying place where
+  three roads meet. In an old map I have seen one place now called "Tye"
+  written "Dei." Is it where a cross once stood, and Tye a corruption of
+  Dei? Forby, in his <i>East Anglian Vocabulary</i>, mentions it, but
+  cannot make it out.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Holt White.</span>
+
+  <p><i>"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout."</i>&mdash;In D'Israeli's
+  <i>Curiosities of Literature</i>, Moxon's edition, in 1 vol. p. 118., or
+  ed. edited by his son, vol. i. p. 363., under the head "A Literary Wife,"
+  are the lines&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Marriage is such a rabble rout,</p>
+      <p>That those that are out, would fain get in;</p>
+      <p>And those that are in, would fain get out:"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>quoted from Chaucer. I have heard these lines quoted as being from
+  <i>Hudibras</i>: as I cannot trace them in my editions of Chaucer of
+  Butler, perhaps some of your readers can tell me where I can find
+  them?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. Wmson.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Arms of Robert Nelson.</i>&mdash;Can any of the numerous readers
+  and correspondents of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>"
+  describe the <i>armorial bearings</i> of <i>Robert Nelson, Esq.</i>, the
+  author of the <i>Companion for the Festivals and Fasts of the Church of
+  England</i>? He was buried in the burying-ground in Lamb's Conduit
+  Fields, January, 1714.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. F.
+
+  <p><i>Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York.</i>&mdash;Query, whereabouts in the
+  county of York is this place? I believe that one of the above is the way
+  of spelling, but at any rate they have the same sound.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. N. C.
+
+  <p><i>Moore's Almanack.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents inform
+  me as to the history of <i>Moore's Almanack</i>?</p>
+
+  <p>What is the date of its first appearance? Was Francis Moore a real
+  personage, or merely a myth?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. P. W.
+
+  <p>Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Archbishop Loftus.</i>&mdash;I shall be deeply obliged to any of
+  your correspondents who will inform me whether, and <i>where</i>, any
+  diary or private memoranda are known to exist of Adam Loftus, who was
+  Archbishop of Dublin nearly forty years, from 1567 to 1605, Lord
+  Chancellor of Ireland, and the first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin.
+  He was an ancestor of the Viscount Loftus, and of the Marquess of
+  Ely.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Cotton.</span>
+
+  <p>Thurles, Ireland, March 20.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Matrix of Monastic Seal.</i>&mdash;A brass matrix has fallen into
+  my hands of a period certainly not much anterior to the Revolution.
+  Device, the Virgin and Child, their heads surrounded with nimbi; the
+  former holds in her right hand three lilies, the latter a globe and
+  cross. The legend is:</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"* SIG<span class="over">IL</span> . MON . <span class="over">B</span> . <span class="over">M</span> . DE . PRATO . ALIAS . DE . BONO . NVNCIO."</span></p>
+
+  <p>In the field, a shield charged with three lions passant. Can any
+  correspondent aid me in assigning it rightly? There was an Abbey of St.
+  Mary de Pratis at Leicester (Vide <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, vol. xciii. p. 9.);
+  and there is a church dedicated to "St. Mary in the Marsh at Norwich." In
+  a recent advertisement I find a notice of Scipio Ricci, Bishop of Pistoia
+  and Prato, so that the appellation is not very uncommon.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon.</i>&mdash;What edition of the
+  Peschito-Syriac version of the Old and New Testaments, respectively, is
+  considered the best? Also, what Syriac Lexicon stands highest for value
+  and accuracy?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Tn.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Villiers Duke of Buckingham.</i>&mdash;There is a tradition in
+  Portsmouth, that in the evening preceding his assassination, Villiers
+  Duke of Buckingham killed a sailor. Is there any authority for this?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. D.
+
+  <p><i>Porci solidi-pedes.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me if
+  any pigs with single hoofs are in existence in any county in England?
+  They are mentioned in a letter from Sir Thomas Browne to Dugdale the
+  antiquary.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. S. P. (a Subscriber).
+
+  <p><i>The Heywood Family.</i>&mdash;I am anxious to know if Thomas
+  Heywood, the dramatist, was in any way related to Nathaniel Heywood or
+  Oliver Heywood, the celebrated Nonconformist ministers in the seventeenth
+  century? Could any of your correspondents give me information on this
+  point?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. A. B.
+
+  <p>Trin. Coll. Camb.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Was Charles II. ever in Wales?</i>&mdash;There is a tradition
+  amongst the inhabitants of Glamorganshire, that, after his defeat at the
+  battle of Worcester, Charles come to Wales and staid a night at a place
+  called Llancaiach Vawr, in the parish of Gelligaer. The place then
+  belonged to a Colonel Pritchard, an officer in the Parliamentary army;
+  and the story relates that he made himself known to his host, and threw
+  himself upon his generosity for safety. The colonel assented to his
+  staying for <!-- Page 264 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page264"></a>{264}</span><i>one</i> night only, but went away
+  himself, afraid, as the story goes, that the Parliament should come to
+  know he had succoured Charles. I know that Llancaiach was a place of
+  considerable note long after that, and that an old farmer used to say he
+  had heard tile story from his father. The historians, I believe, are all
+  silent as to his having fled to Wales between the time of his defeat at
+  Worcester and the time he left the country.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Davydd Gam.</span>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Some accounts state that Charles I. was entertained by Colonel
+  Prichard, when that monarch, travelling through Wales, lost his way
+  between Tredegar and Brecknock. (See Lewis's <i>Topographical Dictionary
+  of Wales</i>, art. "Gellygaer.")]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Dog's Head in the Pot.</i>&mdash;"Thomas Johnson, Citizen and
+  Haberdasher of London, by will, dated 3d Sept. 1563, gave 13<i>s.</i>
+  4<i>d.</i> annually to the highways between Barkway and
+  Dogshed-in-the-Pot, otherwise called Horemayd."</p>
+
+  <p>The Dogshed-in-the-Pot here mentioned was, as I infer, a public-house
+  in the parish of Great or Little Hormead in Hertfordshire, by the side of
+  the road from Barkway to London. In Akerman's <i>Tradesmen's Tokens
+  current in London</i> I find one (numbered 1442) of the
+  "Dogg's-Head-in-the-Potte" in Old Street, having the device of a dog
+  eating out of a pot; and the token of Oliver Wallis, in Red Cross Street
+  (No. 1610., <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1667), has the device of a dog
+  eating out of a three-legged pot. In April, 1850, Hayward Brothers (late
+  R. Henly and Co.), wholesale and manufacturing builders ironmongers, 196.
+  Blackfriars Road, and 117. and 118. Union Street, Borough, London (who
+  state their business to have been established 1783), put forth an
+  advertisement headed with a woodcut of a dog eating out of a three-legged
+  pot.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your readers elucidate this sign of the "Dog's-head-in-the
+  Pot?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span>
+
+  <p>Cambridge, May 24. 1850.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Poor Allinda's growing old."</i>&mdash;Charles II., to vex the
+  Duchess of Cleveland, caused Will Legge to sing to her&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Poor Allinda's growing old,</p>
+      <p>Those charms are now no more."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>(See Lord Dartmouth's note in <i>Burnet</i>, vol. i. p. 458. ed.
+  1823.) Let me ask, through "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>,"
+  Dr. Rimbault, Mr. Chappell, or any readers, where are these verses to be
+  found?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. Cunningham.</span>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Minor Queries Answered.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Who was the Author of "The Modest Enquiry,
+  &amp;c."?</i>&mdash;There is an anonymous tract, entitled <i>A Modest
+  Enquiry, &amp;c.</i>, (4to. London, 1687), on the question of St. Peter's
+  ever having been at Rome: proving, in so far as a negative in the case
+  can be proved, in the most logical, full, clear, and satisfactory manner,
+  that&mdash;<i>He never was at Rome</i>; and <i>never was, either
+  nominally or otherwise, Bishop</i> <i>of the Church there</i>: and
+  showing the grounds for the contrary assertion to be altogether baseless
+  and untrue; being a tissue of self-contradicting forgeries and frauds,
+  invented long subsequently to the time, evidently for the sole purpose of
+  justifying the Papal pretensions of succession and derivation from the
+  Apostle; as those, and all its other claims, are founded alone upon that
+  fact, and must stand or fall with it.</p>
+
+  <p>The inquiry is conducted throughout with evidence of great
+  acquaintance with Scripture and much theological learning (though the
+  writer states himself to be a layman), without the least undue
+  pretension, and with the most perfect temperateness and impartiality. The
+  work would seem now well worth reprinting in a cheap and popular
+  form.</p>
+
+  <p>Who was the author?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[In Francis Peck's <i>Catalogue of Discourses in the Time of King
+  James II.</i>, No. 226., the name of <span class="sc">Henry Care</span>
+  is given as the author. A list of his other works may be found in Watt's
+  <i>Bibliotheca</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>William Penn's Family.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents
+  inform me to whom his eldest surviving son (William) was married, and
+  also to whom the children of the said son were married, as well as those
+  of his daughter Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any? This son and
+  daughter were William Penn's children by his first marriage with Miss
+  Springett.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. U. C.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[William Penn, eldest son (of William Penn by Miss Springett), had two
+  children, Gulielma Maria, married to Charles Fell, and William Penn of
+  the Rocks in Sussex, who by his first wife, Christian Forbes, had a
+  daughter and heir, married to Peter Gaskell. Mrs. Aubrey was living in
+  1718. Our correspondent may also be referred to Mr. Hepworth Dixon's
+  recently published <i>William Penn, an Historical Biography</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Deal, Dover, and Harwich.</i>&mdash;Where do the following lines
+  come from?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Deal, Dover, and Harwich,</p>
+      <p>The devil gave with his daughter in marriage;</p>
+      <p>And, by a codicil to his will,</p>
+      <p>He added Helvoet and the Brill."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">J. H. L.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Francis Grose, in his <i>Collection of Proverbs</i>, speaks of them
+  as "A satirical squib thrown at the innkeepers of those places, in return
+  for the many impositions practised on travellers, as well natives as
+  strangers. Equally applicable to most other sea-ports."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Author of Broad Stone of Honour.</i>&mdash;Who is the author of the
+  <i>Broad Stone of Honour</i>, of which mention is made in the <i>Guesses
+  at Truth</i>, 1st series, p. 230., &amp;c., and in the <i>Ages of
+  Faith</i>, p. 236., works of some interest in reference to the Papal
+  discussions which are raging at present?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nemo.</span>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Kenelm M. Digby is the author of the <i>Broad Stone of
+  Honour</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><!-- Page 265 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page265"></a>{265}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Pope Joan.</i>&mdash;Can any information be procured as to the
+  origin of the game called Pope Joan, and (what is of more importance) of
+  the above title, whether any such personage ever held the keys of St
+  Peter and wore the tiara? If so, at what period and for what time, and
+  what is known of her personal history?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Nemo.</span>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[That <i>Papissa Joanna</i> is merely a fictitious character, is now
+  universally acknowledged by the best authorities. "Clearer confirmations
+  must be drawn for the history of Pope Joan, who succeeded Leo IV. and
+  preceded Benedict III., than many we yet discover, and he wants not
+  grounds that doubts it." So thought Sir Thomas Browne, in his <i>Vulgar
+  Errors</i>, B. vii. Ch. 17. Gibbon, too, rejects it as fabulous. "Till
+  the Reformation," he says, "the tale was repeated and believed without
+  offence, and Joan's female statue long occupied her place among the Popes
+  in the Cathedral of Sienna. She has been annihilated by two learned
+  Protestants, Blondel and Bayle; but their brethren were scandalized by
+  this equitable and generous criticism. Spanheim and L'Enfant attempted to
+  save this poor engine of controversy, and even Mosheim condescends to
+  cherish some doubt and suspicion."&mdash;<i>The Decline and Fall of the
+  Roman Empire</i>, chap. xlix. Spanheim's work, <i>Joanna Papissa
+  Restituta</i>, was printed at Leyden in 1692.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>The Well o' the World's End.</i>&mdash;I am very anxious to find
+  out, whether there still exists in print (or if it is known to any one
+  now alive) an old Scotch fairy tale called "The Weary Well at the World's
+  End?" Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., who is unhappily dead lately,
+  knew the story and meant to write it down; but he became too infirm to do
+  so, and though many very old people in the hilly districts of Lammermoor
+  and Roxburghshire remember parts of it, and knew it in their youth, I
+  cannot find one who knows it entirely.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L. M. M. R.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Some references to the story alluded to by our correspondent will be
+  found in Dr. Leyden's valuable introduction to <i>The Complaynt of
+  Scotland</i>; and the story itself in Chambers's admirable collection of
+  Scottish Folk Lore, <i>Popular Rhymes of Scotland</i>, p. 236. of the
+  third edition, which form vol. vii. of the <i>Select Writings of Robert
+  Chambers</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Sides and Angles.</i>&mdash;What is the most simple and least
+  complicated method of determining the various relations of the sides and
+  angles of the acute and obtuse-angled triangles, without the aid of
+  trigonometry, construction, or, in fact, by any method except
+  arithmetic?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. G. F.
+
+  <p>St. Andrew's.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The relations of sides and angles cannot be obtained without
+  trigonometry in some shape. A very easy work has lately been published by
+  Mr. Hemming, in which there is as little as possible of technical
+  trigonometry.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of Ratche.</i>&mdash;In John Frith's <i>Antithesis</i>,
+  published in 1529, he says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The pope and bishops hunt the wild deer, the fox, and the hare, in
+  their closed parks, with great cries, and horns blowing, with hounds and
+  <i>ratches</i> running."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I should be glad to have the word <i>ratches</i> satisfactorily
+  explained.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[From a note by Steevens on the line in <i>King Lear</i> (Boswell's
+  <i>Shakspeare</i>, vol. x. p. 155.), it appears that the late Mr.
+  Hawkins, in his notes to <i>The Return from Parnassus</i>, p. 237., says,
+  "That a <i>rache</i> is a dog that hunts by scent wild beasts, birds, and
+  even fishes, and that the female of it is called a <i>brache</i>:" and in
+  <i>Magnificence</i>, an ancient Interlude of Morality, by Skelton,
+  printed by Rastell, no date, is the following line:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Here is a leyshe of ratches to renne an hare."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In a following note, Mr. Tollet, after saying "What is here said of a
+  <i>rache</i>, might, perhaps, be taken from Holinshed's <i>Description of
+  Scotland</i>, p. 14.," proceeds, "The females of all dogs were once
+  called <i>braches</i>; and Ulitius upon Gratius observes, 'Racha
+  Saxonibus canem significabat unde Scoti hodie <i>Rache</i> pro cane
+  f&oelig;mina habent, quod Anglis est <i>Brache</i>.'"]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>"Feast of Reason," &amp;c.</i>&mdash;Seeing your correspondents ask
+  where couplets are to be found, I venture to ask whence comes the
+  line&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The feast of reason and the flow of soul."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I have often heard it asked, but never answered.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W. D.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[It will be found in Pope's <i>Imitations of Horace</i>, Book ii.
+  Satire i.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl</p>
+      <p>The feast of reason and the flow of soul."]</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Tu Autem.</i>&mdash;In page 25. of "Hertfordshire," in Fuller's
+  <i>Worthies</i>, there is a story of one Alexander Nequam, who, wishing
+  to become a monk of St. Alban's, wrote thus to the abbot thereof:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Si vis, veniam. Sin autem, tu autem."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>To which the abbot replied:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Si bonus sis, venias. Si Nequam, nequaquam."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can any of your readers inform me of the meaning of "tu autem" in the
+  first line? as I have been long puzzled.</p>
+
+  <p>This puts me in mind of a form which there was at Ch. Ch., Oxford, on
+  "gaudy" days. Some junior students went to the "high table" to say a
+  Latin grace, and when they had finished it, they were dismissed by the
+  Dean saying "Tu autem;" on which, I remember, there was invariably a
+  smile pervading the faces of those present, even that of the Dean
+  himself, as no one seemed to know the meaning of the phrase. I believe
+  that it was in my time an enigma to all. Can any of your ingenious
+  readers solve me this?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C. K.
+
+  <p>&mdash;&mdash;Rectory, Hereford.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Pegge in his <i>Anonymiana</i>, Cent. iv. Sect. 32. says, "At St.
+  John's College, Cambridge, a scholar, in my time, read some part of a
+  chapter in a Latin Bible; and after he had read a short time, the
+  President, or <!-- Page 266 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page266"></a>{266}</span>the Fellow that sat in his place cried,
+  <i>Tu autem</i>. Some have been at a loss for the meaning of this; but it
+  is the beginning of the suffrage, which was supposed to follow the
+  reading of the Scripture, which the reading scholar was to continue by
+  saying <i>Miserere mei, Domine</i>. But at last it came to mean no more
+  than to be a cue to the reader to desist or give over."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., pp. 87. 189.)</p>
+
+  <p>The inquiry of P., in p. 87., seems to indicate an impression that all
+  the witnesses to the charter of Hugh Lupus to Chester Abbey were barons
+  of the Palatinate, but only a few of them were such, the rest being of
+  England generally.</p>
+
+  <p>The original barons of the Palatinate were clearly distinguishable by
+  possession of privileges confirmed to them by a well-known charter of
+  Earl Ranulph III.; and all the Norman founders of their baronies will be
+  found, under Cestrescire, in Domesday, as tenants in capite, from the
+  Earl Palatine, of lordships within the lyme of his county.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bigod de Loges</i> (one of the subjects of P.'s inquiry) will not
+  bear this test, unless he was identical with Bigot, Norman lord of the
+  manors afterwards comprised in Aldford Fee, which is not known to have
+  been the case. For this last-named Bigot, whose lands descended through
+  the Alfords to Arderne, reference may be made to the <i>History of
+  Cheshire</i>, <span class="scac">I.</span> xxix., <span
+  class="scac">II.</span> 411.</p>
+
+  <p><i>William Malbanc</i>, the other subject of inquiry, who has eluded
+  M.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;T.'s searches, is easily identified. He was the Norman baron of
+  Nantwich, the Willelmus Malbedeng of the <i>Domesday Survey</i> (vol. i.
+  p. 265. col. 2.), and the name is also written thus in the copy of H.
+  Lupus's charter referred to, which was ratified under inspection by
+  Guncelyn de Badlesmere, Justiciary of Chester in 8 Edw. I.</p>
+
+  <p>The charter, with Badlesmere's attestation prefixed, will be found in
+  Leycester's <i>Cheshire Antiquities</i>, p. 109., and in Ormerod's
+  <i>Hist. of Cheshire</i>, vol. i. p. 12. In the latter work, in vol.
+  iii., the inquirer will also find an account of William Malbedeng or
+  Malbanc, his estates, his descendant coheirs, and their several
+  subdivisions, extending from p. 217. to p. 222., under the proper head of
+  Nantwich or <i>Wich Malbanc</i>, a still existing Palatine barony.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Lancastriensis.</span>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent M.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;T. says it appears from&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>The MS. Catalogue</i> of the Norman nobility before the Conquest,
+  that Robert and Roger de Loges possessed lordships in the districts of
+  Coutances in Normandy."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Will he be so good as to say what <i>MS. Catalogue</i> he refers to?
+  He seems to speak of <i>the MS.</i> <i>Catalogue</i> of Norman nobility
+  as if it were some well-known public and authentic record.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Q. G.
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>EDMUND PRIDEAUX AND THE FIRST POST-OFFICE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 186.)</p>
+
+  <p>In a recent number of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>"
+  (which, by the way, I have only recently become acquainted with) I saw
+  the Queries of your correspondent G.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;P. upon the above subject, and
+  having some time ago had occasion to investigate it, I accumulated a mass
+  of notes from various sources,&mdash;and these I send you, rough and
+  unpolished as they are, in the hope that in the absence of better
+  information, they may prove to be acceptable.</p>
+
+  <p>Herodotus (viii. 98.) mentions the existence of a method of
+  communication among the Persians, by means of horsemen placed at certain
+  distances.</p>
+
+  <p>In the Close and Misæ Rolls (<i>temp. King John et post</i>) payments
+  are recorded for nuncii who were charged with the carriage of
+  letters.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1481, Edward IV., during his war with Scotland, established horse
+  riders at <i>posts</i> twenty miles apart, by which letters were conveyed
+  two hundred miles in two days (Gale's <i>Hist. Croyland</i>); and the
+  Scottish Parliament issued an ordinance for facilitating the expedition
+  of couriers throughout the kingdom. Carriers of letters also existed in
+  England about this time, for in a letter from Sir J. Paston, written in
+  1471, we are informed that "Courby, the carrier, hath had 40<i>d.</i> for
+  the third hired horse," for a journey from Norwich to London and back.
+  (Fenn's <i>Paston Letters</i>, 4to. vol. v. p. 73.)</p>
+
+  <p>In 1542, letters reached Edinburgh on the fourth day from their
+  despatch from London. (Sadler's <i>Letters and Negociations</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p>In 1548, the rate to be charged for post-horse hire was fixed by
+  statute (2 &amp; 3 Edw. VI. cap. 3.) at one penny per mile.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1581 (according to Camden), Thomas Randolph was appointed the first
+  Chief Postmaster of all England.</p>
+
+  <p>James I. established (date unknown) the office of Foreign Postmaster,
+  which was first held by Mathewe le Questor.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1631, Charles I. appointed William Frizell and Thomas Witherings
+  (in reversion) to the sole management of the foreign post-office. And at
+  this date it seems a regular home post was also carried on, as appears by
+  the following entry from the Corporation Books of Great
+  Yarmouth:&mdash;"1631. Agreed, June 6, with the Postmaster of Ipswich to
+  have Quarterly 20<i>s.</i> paid him for carrying and bringing letters to
+  and from London to Yarmouth for the vse of the Towne."</p>
+
+  <p>In 1635, Charles I. issued a proclamation for the establishment of "a
+  running post or two, to <!-- Page 267 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page267"></a>{267}</span>run night and day between Edinburgh and
+  Scotland and the City of London, to go thither and come back again in six
+  days:" branch posts were also to be established with all the principal
+  towns on the road: the rates of postage were fixed at 2<i>d.</i> under 80
+  miles; 4<i>d.</i> for 140 miles; 6<i>d.</i> beyond; and 8<i>d.</i> to
+  Scotland. This is conclusive evidence that a regular post-office
+  establishment existed nearly ten years <i>before Prideaux had anything to
+  do with the post-office</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1640, a proclamation was issued by the Long Parliament, by which
+  the offices of Foreign and Inland Postmaster (then held by Witherings)
+  were sequestrated into the hands of one Philip Burlamachy, a city
+  merchant. Soon after this we find a Committee of the Commons, with
+  "Master Edmund Prideaux" for chairman, inquiring into the matter.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1644, a resolution of the Commons declared that "Edmund Prideaux,
+  Esq., a member of the House," was "constituted master of the posts,
+  messengers, and couriers."</p>
+
+  <p>In 1649 Prideaux established a weekly conveyance to every part of the
+  kingdom; and also appears to have introduced other judicious reforms and
+  improvements,&mdash;indeed he seems to have been the Rowland Hill of
+  those days; but he has not the slightest claim to be considered as the
+  "Inventor of the Post-office." The mistake may have arisen from a
+  misapprehension of the following statement frown Blackstone: "Prideaux
+  first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all parts of the
+  nation, <i>thereby saving to the public the charge of maintaining
+  postmasters</i>, to the amount of 7000<i>l.</i> per annum."</p>
+
+  <p>I have not been able to obtain any particulars of Prideaux's personal
+  history.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mercurii.</span>
+
+  <p>Jememutha Magna.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office.</i>&mdash;See the
+  Appendix to the Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Commons on
+  the Detaining and Opening of Letters at the Post-Office, 1844, which
+  contains copies of numerous documents furnished by Mr. Lechmere and Sir
+  Francis Palgrave.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun.</span>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We avail ourselves of this opportunity of inserting the following
+  extract from Mr. Rowland Hill's <i>Post-Office Reform; its Importance and
+  Practicability</i>, p. 86. of the third edition, published in 1837, as it
+  shows clearly the use which Mr. Rowland Hill made of the story in his
+  great work of Postage Reform; and that Miss Martineau had clearly no
+  authority for fathering the story in question upon that
+  gentleman:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>"Coleridge tells a story which shows how much the Post-office is open
+  to fraud, in consequence of the option as to pre-payment which now
+  exists. The story is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>'One day, when I had not a shilling which I could spare, I was passing
+  by a cottage not far from Keswick, where a letter-carrier was demanding a
+  shilling for a letter, which the woman of the house appeared unwilling to
+  pay, and at last declined to take. I paid the postage, and when the man
+  was out of sight, she told me that the letter was from her son, who took
+  that means of letting her know that he was well; the letter was <i>not to
+  be paid for</i>. It was then opened and found to be blank!'<a
+  name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p>"This trick is so obvious a one that in all probability it is
+  extensively practised."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p><i>Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S.&nbsp;T. Coleridge</i>,
+  vol. ii. p. 114.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p>The quotations of your correspondent G.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;P., from Polwhele's
+  <i>Cornwall</i>, relate to the same individual, and a more general
+  construction must, I think, be put upon the expression "our countryman,"
+  than that it inferred a native of the county. The family of Prideaux was
+  one of great antiquity, and originated in Cornwall (their first seat
+  being at Prideaux Castle there), and had estates there in the time of the
+  above Edmund. His father, Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton (the first
+  baronet), studied the law in the Inner Temple, where he became very
+  eminent for his skill and learning. He is stated to have raised a large
+  estate in the counties of Devon and Cornwall. He married  * * *;
+  secondly, Catherine, daughter of Piers Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe,
+  Esq., by whom he had two sons, Sir Peter his successor, and Edmund, the
+  subject of your correspondent's Queries, who is thus described in
+  Prince's <i>Worthies of Devon</i>, p. 509.:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This gentleman was bred to the law, and of so great a reputation, as
+  well for zeal to religion as skill in the law, it is not strange he was
+  chosen a Member of that which was called the Long Parliament, wherein he
+  became a very leading man; for, striking in with the prevailing party of
+  those times (though he never joined with them in setting upon the life of
+  his Sovereign), he grew up to great wealth and dignity. He was made
+  Commissioner of the Great Seal [1643. Rushworth, vol. iii. p. 242.],
+  worth 1500<i>l.</i> a-year and by ordinance of Parliament practised
+  within the bar as one of the king's counsel, worth 5000<i>l.</i> per
+  annum. After that he was Attorney General, <i>worth what he pleased to
+  make it</i> [!!], and then <i>Postmaster General</i> ... from all which
+  rich employments he acquired a great estate, and among other things
+  purchased the <i>Abbey of Ford</i>, lying in the Parish of Thorncombe, in
+  Devonshire, where he built a noble new house out of the ruins of the
+  old," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Prideaux cannot be called the inventor of the Post-office, although to
+  him may be attributed the extension of the system. The first inland
+  letter office, which, however, extended to some of the principal roads
+  only, was established by Charles I. in 1635, under the direction of
+  Thomas Witherings, who was superseded in 1640. On the breaking out of the
+  civil war, great confusion was occasioned in the conduct of the office,
+  and about that time Prideaux's plan seems to have been conceived. <!--
+  Page 268 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page268"></a>{268}</span>He
+  was chairman of a committee in 1642 for considering the rates upon inland
+  letters; and afterwards (1644) appointed Postmaster, in the execution of
+  which office he first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all
+  parts of the nation. Prior to this, letters were sent by special
+  messengers, or postmasters, whose duty it was to supply relays of horses
+  at a certain mileage. (<i>Blackstone</i>, book i. c. 8. s. 3.)</p>
+
+  <p>I am unable to discover when Edmund Prideaux died; but it appears that
+  either he, or one of his descendants, took part in the rising of the Duke
+  of Monmouth in the West of England, upon which occasion the "great
+  estate" was found of great service in providing a bribe for Lord
+  Jeffreys. In the Life of Lord Jeffreys, annexed to the <i>Western
+  Martyrology; or, Bloody Assizes</i> (5th ed. 266. London, 1705), it is
+  said that "A western gentleman's purchase came to fifteen or sixteen
+  hundred guineas, which my Lord Chancellor had." And Rapin, vol. ii. p.
+  270., upon the authority of Echard, iii. p. 775., states that in 1685 one
+  Mr. Prideaux, of Ford Abbey, Somerset, gave Jeffreys 14000<i>l.</i>
+  [probably misprint for 1400<i>l.</i>] "to save his life."</p>
+
+  <p>I think it likely that your correspondent may find further information
+  upon the subject of this note, in the <i>Life of Dr. Humphrey Prideaux,
+  Dean of Norwich</i> (born 1648, died 1724), published in 1748.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Colman.</span>
+
+  <p>Eye, March 18. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p>Polwhele was clearly wrong in designating Edmund Prideaux, the
+  Attorney-General, a Cornishman, as he belonged to the family long seated
+  in Devonshire, and was fourteenth in descent from Hickedon Prideaux, of
+  Orcharton, in that county, second son of Nicholas, lord of Prideaux, in
+  Cornwall, who died in 1169.</p>
+
+  <p>The four Queries of G. P. P. may be more or less fully answered by
+  reference to Prince's <i>Worthies of Devon</i>, ed. 1810, p. 651.; and an
+  excellent history of the Post-office in the <i>Penny Magazine</i> for
+  1834, p. 33.</p>
+
+  <p>Is it too much to ask of your correspondent, who writes from Putney
+  under my initials, that he will be so good as to change his signature? I
+  think that I have strong reasons for the request, but I will only urge
+  that I was first in the field, under the designation which he has
+  adopted.<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. D. S.
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>[Would J. D. S. No 1, and J.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;S. No. 2, add the final letter of
+  their respective names, <i>h n s y</i>, or whatever it may be, the
+  difficulty may probably be avoided. We have now so many correspondents
+  that coincidence of signature can scarcely be avoided.]</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<h3>LADY JANE OF WESTMORELAND.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. i., p. 103.; Vol. ii., p. 485.)</p>
+
+  <p><i>Jane</i>, Countess of Henry Neville, <i>fifth</i> Earl of
+  Westmoreland, was daughter of <span class="sc">Sir Roger Cholmley</span>,
+  of Kinthorpe and Roxby, co. York. (<i>Vis. York. Harl. MS.</i> 1487.
+  <i>fol.</i> 354.) She is often confused with his other wife, Anne
+  Manners, and also with her own sister, Margaret Gascoigne, both in the
+  Neville and Cholmley pedigrees as <i>printed</i>. (Burke's <i>Extinct
+  Baronetage</i>, art. <i>Cholmley</i>, and <i>Extinct Peerage</i>, art.
+  <i>Neville</i>.) But while the Manners pedigree in Collins's
+  <i>Peerage</i> (by Longmate, vol. i. p. 433.), as cited by Q.&nbsp;D., removes
+  the former difficulty, that of Gascoigne is disposed of by the Cholmley
+  pedigree in Harl. MS. above quoted, as well as by that (though otherwise
+  very incorrect) in Charlton's <i>Whitby</i>, book iii. pp. 290, 291.
+  313., and by the Gascoigne pedigree in Whitaker's <i>Richmondshire</i>,
+  vol. i. p. 77. Thus we possess <i>legal and cotemporary</i> evidence who
+  <span class="sc">Jane</span>, Countess of <i>Henry</i>, <i>fifth</i> Earl
+  of Westmoreland, really was, without any authentic obstacle or
+  unremoveable contradiction to its reception, viz. that she was a
+  <i>Cholmley</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>But I conceive your correspondent's identification is <i>totally</i>
+  erroneous. It is true he only puts an hypothesis on the subject; but this
+  hypothesis has no solid foundation. In the first place, Henry, fifth Earl
+  of Westmoreland, died in 1549; and all authorities seem to agree that his
+  first wife was Anne Manners, and his second Cholmley's daughter. Thus, if
+  either of his countesses were living in 1585, it must have been the
+  <i>latter</i>, by which means all chance of appropriation is removed from
+  Manners to Cholmley. But I shall now give reasons for contending that
+  neither of these ladies was your correspondent's Countess of
+  Westmoreland, by referring him (2ndly) to Longmate's <i>Collins's
+  Peerage</i>, vol. i. p. 96., where he will find that <i>Jane</i>,
+  daughter of Henry Howard, the talented and accomplished Earl of Surry,
+  married Charles Neville, <i>sixth</i> Earl of Westmoreland. He has
+  evidently passed her over, through seeing her called <i>Anne</i> in the
+  Neville pedigrees: "Anne" and "Jane" being often mutually misread in old
+  writing, from the cross upon the initial letter of the last name.</p>
+
+  <p>I offer it to your correspondent's consideration, whether his "Jane,
+  Countess of Westmoreland," was not wife of the said Charles Neville,
+  <i>sixth</i> Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted 18 Eliz. (1575-6).
+  His date is evidently most favourable to this view. It is true the
+  attainder stands in the way; but if even this affords an obstacle, the
+  next candidate for appropriation would be Jane <i>Cholmley</i>. Assuming,
+  however, that your correspondent allows this lady as a candidate for the
+  appropriation, her pedigree corroborates the claim. I have found, by long
+  and minute observation, that hereditary talent, &amp;c. usually descends
+  by the <i>mesmeric</i> <!-- Page 269 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page269"></a>{269}</span>tie of affection and favoritism, from
+  fathers to the eldest daughter, and from mothers to the eldest son; and
+  the pedigree of <i>Jane</i>, Countess of Charles, <i>sixth</i> Earl of
+  Westmoreland, stands thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Edward Stafford</span>, Duke of Buckingham; great,</p>
+      <p>good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to envy.</p>
+      <p class="i2">=</p>
+      <p class="i2">|</p>
+      <p class="i2">|</p>
+      <p><i>1st Dau.</i> <span class="sc">Elizabeth</span>, wife of Thomas Howard, third</p>
+      <p>Duke of Norfolk.</p>
+      <p class="i2">=</p>
+      <p class="i2">|</p>
+      <p class="i2">|</p>
+      <p><i>1st Son.</i> <span class="sc">Henry Howard</span>, Earl of Surry, the poet;</p>
+      <p>great, good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to</p>
+      <p>envy</p>
+      <p class="i2">= as physical heir of his mat. grandfather.</p>
+      <p class="i2">|</p>
+      <p class="i2">|</p>
+      <p><i>1st Dau.</i> <span class="sc">Jane</span>, wife of Charles Neville, sixth Earl of</p>
+      <p>Westmoreland (and qu. the authoress in question?).</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Besides being eldest daughter of the celebrated poet, the said Jane,
+  Countess of Westmoreland, was sister of Henry Howard, the learned Earl of
+  Northampton, her father's younger son&mdash;(some younger son, like
+  eldest daughters, generally inheriting, physically, in some prominent
+  feature, from the father).</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">William D'Oyly Bayley.</span>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Ulm Manuscript</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 60. 191.).&mdash;In addition to
+  the information supplied by <span class="sc">Mr. Foss</span>, it may be
+  mentioned that this manuscript is so called from having been referred to
+  by Griesbach as the <i>Codex Ulmensis apud Gerbert</i>. This takes us to
+  the <i>Iter Alemannicum, Italicum et Gallicum</i> of Martin Gerbert,
+  published in 1765, at p. 192. of which work he informs us, that in the
+  year 1760 this manuscript was preserved at Ulm in the library of the
+  family of Krafft, which consisted of 6000 volumes, printed and
+  manuscript. Of its history from this period till it came into Bishop
+  Butler's hands, I am ignorant. Its reference at present in the British
+  Museum is <i>MSS. Add.</i> 11,852.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&mu;</span>.
+
+  <p><i>Father Maximilian Hell</i> (Vol. iii., p. 167.).&mdash;A querist is
+  in conscience bound to be a respondent; I therefore hasten to tell you
+  that Dr. Watt (<i>Biblioth. Britan.</i> iv. <span class="sc">Magnetism,
+  animal</span>) should have written <i>Hell</i> instead of <i>Hehl</i>. It
+  was that eminent astronomer, Maximilian <i>Hell</i>, who supposed that
+  magnets affected the human frame, and, at first, approved of Mesmer's
+  views. The latter was at Vienna in 1774; and perhaps got some parts of
+  his theory from Father Hell, of whom he was afterwards jealous, and
+  therefore very abusive. The life of Hell in Dr. Aikin's <i>General
+  Biography</i> is an unsatisfactory compilation drawn up by Mr. W.
+  Johnston, to whom we are indebted for the current barbarism
+  <i>so-called</i>. In that account there is not one word on Hell's
+  <i>Treatise on Artificial Magnets</i>, Vienna, 1763; in which the germ of
+  animal magnetism may probably be found.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Engastrimythus.</span>
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of "strained" as used by Shakspeare</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  185.).&mdash;The context of the passage quoted by L.&nbsp;S. explains the
+  sense in which Shakspeare used the word "strain'd:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>Portia.</i> Then <i>must</i> the Jew be merciful.</p>
+      <p><i>Shylock.</i> On what <i>compulsion</i> must I? tell me that.</p>
+      <p><i>Portia.</i> The quality of mercy is not strain'd," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>that is, there is nothing forced, nothing of compulsion in the quality
+  of mercy.</p>
+
+  <p>Johnson gives: "To strain, to force, to constrain."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Q. D.
+
+  <p>L. S. will find his difficulty solved by Johnson's Dictionary (a work
+  to which he himself refers), if he compares the following quotation with
+  Portia's reply to Shylock:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth</p>
+      <p>Is forced and strained," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Egduf.</span>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We have also to thank, for replying to this Query, our correspondents
+  R.&nbsp;F., R.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;G.&nbsp;H., P.&nbsp;K., <span class="sc">J. H. Kershaw</span>, C.&nbsp;M.,
+  Y., E.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;W., <span class="sc">C.&nbsp;D. Lamont</span>, and also <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Snow</span>, who remarks that "actresses rarely commence
+  this speech satisfactorily, or give, or seem to feel, the point of
+  contrast between the <i>must</i> and <i>no must</i>, the
+  <i>compulsion</i> and <i>no compulsion</i>. In fact, the whole of it is
+  usually mouthed out, without much reference to Shylock or the play, as if
+  it had been learned by rote from a school speech-book. Hazlitt says, in
+  his <i>Characters of Shakspeare's Plays</i>, 'The speech about mercy is
+  very well, but there are a thousand finer ones in Shakspeare.'"]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Headings of Chapters in English Bibles</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  141.).&mdash;The summaries of the contents of each chapter, as found in
+  the authorised editions of our English Bible, were prefixed by Miles
+  Smith, bishop of Gloucester, one of the original translators, who also
+  wrote the preface, and, in conjunction with Bishop Bilson, finally
+  reviewed the whole work. Your correspondent will find full answers to his
+  other queries in Stackhouse and Tomlins; in Johnson's <i>History of
+  English Translations</i>, &amp;c.; and in T.&nbsp;H. Horne's
+  <i>Introduction</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill.</span>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>The author of <i>The History of the Church of Rome to the end of the
+  Episcopate of Damasus</i>, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 384, which has
+  just been published by Messrs. Longman, well remarks, "that he is not
+  aware that there is any account of the Church of Rome, framed on the
+  simple and obvious principle of merely collecting and arranging the
+  testimony of history with regard to facts, and so presented to the reader
+  as that he should leave a right to believe that when he has read what is
+  before him, he <!-- Page 270 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page270"></a>{270}</span>has learnt all that is to known. This is
+  strange, considering the points at issue, and the extent, duration, and
+  intensity of the controversies which have been carried on between that
+  Church and the rest of Christendom." It is indeed strange, and it happens
+  fortunately, looking at the all-important question which now agitates the
+  public mind, that the subject should have engaged for some years the
+  attention of a learned, acute, and laborious scholar like Mr. Shepherd,
+  so that he is enabled to put forth the result of his inquiries upon this
+  interesting topic at this moment. Mr. Shepherd's book is indeed a
+  startling one: and when we tell our readers that he "has proved, or, to
+  say the least, has given such indications as will lead to the proof that
+  some documents which have been quoted as authorities in the History of
+  the Early Christian Church, are neither genuine nor authentic;" that he
+  has pretty well resolved St. Cyprian into a purely mythic personage; and
+  shown that all the letters in his works passed between imagined or
+  imaginary correspondents,&mdash;we think we are justified in pronouncing
+  his <i>History of the Church of Rome</i> a work calculated to excite the
+  deepest interest in all who peruse it (and by the omission of all long
+  quotations in the learned languages, it is adapted for the perusal of
+  all), to exercise great influence on the public mind, and to awaken a
+  host of endeavours to combat and overthrow arguments which appear to us,
+  however, to be irresistible.</p>
+
+  <p>The Council of the Shakspeare Society has just issued to the members
+  the first volume for the present year. It contains <i>Two Historical
+  Plays on the Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by Thomas Heywood</i>,
+  which are very ably edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Mr.
+  Collier; and we have no doubt will be very acceptable; first, from the
+  interest of the plays themselves, the second of which appears to have
+  been extremely popular; and, lastly, as a further instalment towards a
+  complete collection of Heywood's dramatic works.</p>
+
+  <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Tuesday and Wednesday next
+  a valuable portion of the Library of a gentleman, including the late
+  Charles Mathews' copy of the Second Shakspeare; a valuable series of
+  works on Annuities, &amp;c.; and another on the History and Antiquities
+  of London.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>&mdash;<i>Supplement on the
+  Doctrine and Discipline of the Greek Church.</i> We characterised Mr.
+  Appleyard's interesting little volume, entitled, <i>The Greek Church</i>,
+  as historical rather than doctrinal. The title of this Supplement shows
+  that it expressly supplies the very material in which the original work
+  was deficient.&mdash;<i>Archæologia Cambrensis, New Series, No. VI.</i> A
+  very good number of this record of the Antiquities of Wales and its
+  Marches, and in which are commenced two series of papers of great
+  interest to the Principality: one on the Architectural Antiquities of
+  Monmouthshire, by Mr. Freeman; the other on the Poems of Taliessin, by
+  Mr. Stephens.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received.</span>&mdash;W. Brown's (46.
+  High Holborn) Catalogue Part 52. of Valuable Second-hand Books, Ancient
+  and Modern;&mdash;Cole's (15. Great Turnstile, Holborn) List No. 33. of
+  very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+  Catalogue No. 27. of Antiquarian, Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and
+  Topographical Books; Charles Skeet's (21. King William Street, Strand)
+  List No. 2. of Miscellaneous Books just purchased.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Wood's Athenæ</span>, by Bliss. Vol. 3. 4to.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities.</span> Vols. 2. and 4. 4to.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Nichols' Literary Anecdotes.</span> Vol. 4. 8vo. 1812.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Mede's Works</span>, by Worthington. 1664. Fol. Vol. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Dodd's Catholic Church History.</span> Vol. 2. Fol. edition.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Warburton's (Bishop) Works.</span> 4to. edition. Vol. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">A Mirror for Mathematics</span>, by Robert Tanner, Gent. London, 1587.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>We are reluctantly compelled, by want of room, to postpone until
+  next week</i> <span class="sc">Mr. Singer's</span> <i>Paper on a passage
+  in Shakspeare's</i> Anthony and Cleopatra; <i>one by</i> <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Dawson Turner</span> <i>on the Authors of the Rolliad; and
+  many other interesting communications.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cromwell's Devlings with the Devil.</span> S.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;H.
+  <i>is thanked for the curious MS. he has forwarded upon this subject,
+  which shall appear next week, when the original shall be carefully
+  returned. We should be glad to see the other paper referred to by</i>
+  S.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;H.</p>
+
+  <p>A. L. <i>is thanked. The only reason for the non-appearance of any of
+  his communications is, that they were not sent</i> separately, <i>and we
+  have not had time to make a selection. We take this opportunity of again
+  begging correspondents who write to us on several subjects to oblige us
+  by writing on separate papers; and</i> (<i>which does not refer to</i>
+  A.&nbsp;L.) <i>by writing</i> plainly, <i>more particularly</i> proper names
+  <i>and</i> quotations.</p>
+
+  <p>K. R. H. M. <i>Received.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Nocab</span> <i>has our very best thanks for his kind
+  letter, and his endeavours to increase our circulation. We are
+  endeavouring to arrange for a permanent enlargement of our paper, and
+  propose shortly to make use of</i> <span class="sc">Nocab's</span>
+  <i>communication and valuable hint.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sing's</span> <i>reminder, that Saturday last, the
+  29th of March, was "the centenary anniversary of the death of Captain
+  Coram, the worthy founder of the Foundling," reached us too late for us
+  to call attention to it.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. A. J. Dunkin's</span> <i>communication on the
+  subject of his proposed</i> Monumenta Anglicana <i>shall have our early
+  attention.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Kerriensis</span> <i>is thanked for several
+  interesting communications of which we propose to make an early
+  use.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>Will</i> L. M. M. R. <i>send his address? The book he wants has
+  been reported to the publisher.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Replies Received.</span>&mdash;<i>Mathew's Med.
+  Passage&mdash;San Grail&mdash;Nettle in. &amp;c.&mdash;The
+  Tanthony&mdash;Treatise by Engelbert&mdash;Circulation of the
+  Blood&mdash;Sir A. Chadwick&mdash;Rowley Powley&mdash;Langholme
+  Fair&mdash;Epitaph on a Turncoat&mdash;Gig Hill&mdash;Damasked
+  Linen&mdash;Endeavour&mdash;Meaning of Strained&mdash;Rack&mdash;Daughter
+  of James II.&mdash;Snail-eating&mdash;Munchausen's Travels&mdash;Mitre,
+  &amp;c.&mdash;Cloven Tongues&mdash;"Going the whole hog"&mdash;Expression
+  in Milton&mdash;Haybands in Seals&mdash;King John at
+  Lincoln&mdash;Handbell&mdash;Vineyards&mdash;Mazer Wood.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Vols. I.</span> <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very
+  copious Index, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by
+  order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any
+  difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers,
+  &amp;c. are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will
+  enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>
+  <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Errata.</i>&mdash;P. 236, Col. 2. l. 26, for <i>Hanse town</i> read
+  <i>hamlet</i>; p. 238, col. 1. l. 27, for "<i>cr</i>atus" read
+  "<i>n</i>atus"; p. 217, col. 1. l. 29. for "Cou<i>n</i>t" read
+  "Cou<i>r</i>t"; p. 250, col. 1. l. 4, for "<i>T</i>edley" read
+  "<i>S</i>edley," col. 2. l. 23, for "tant<i>us</i>" read
+  "tant<i>as</i>."</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 271 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page271"></a>{271}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">On the 31st of March was commenced the Publication of a</p>
+
+<h2>NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY,</h2>
+
+<p class="cenhead">In Monthly Volumes, each containing Three Hundred and Twenty Pages, and from Thirty to a Hundred Engravings,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Price Half-a-Crown, Beautifully Bound.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>The Age in which we live is essentially of a <i>practical</i>
+  character, and the predominant principle influencing all classes is a
+  marked desire for <i>cheapness</i>. Cheapness, however, is too often
+  found without excellence, and hence this proposition to supply a
+  deficiency at present existing in the popular literature of this
+  country.</p>
+
+  <p>For some time past the projectors of the present undertaking have felt
+  interested in watching the result of an experiment simultaneously made by
+  the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Book Trades; and, having seen that
+  cheap, and occasionally indifferent literature, "got up" in a most
+  inferior manner, <i>will sell</i>, they feel assured that good and
+  judiciously selected works, having the additional advantage of <span
+  class="scac">COPIOUS ILLUSTRATION</span>, being produced with the utmost
+  attention to general excellence, and published at the moderate price
+  fixed upon, cannot fail to secure extensive patronage from the Reading
+  Public. The principle upon which they can undertake to supply good books
+  at a low rate is, that being themselves the <i>actual producers</i>, they
+  are enabled to save the public the expense of all <i>intermediate
+  profit</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>As a practical explanation of the above views, <span class="sc">Three
+  Sample Volumes</span> of the "<span class="sc">National Illustrated
+  Library</span>" were published on the 31st of March. It will be observed
+  that these volumes are widely different in character, in order that the
+  public may form some idea of the extent and variety of the series
+  generally. Afterwards, one volume will be issued monthly. Each volume
+  will contain at least 320 crown octavo pages, illustrated according to
+  the requirements of the subject-matter, by from 30 to 100 illustrations,
+  and will be <i>strongly bound</i> in ornamental cloth boards. Thus, for
+  30<i>s.</i> a year, in the course of a short period, a Library of great
+  extent and interest may be formed, which shall furnish materials for
+  instruction and amusement during the course of a long life.</p>
+
+  <p>The chief advantages which this series of works will present over all
+  others&mdash;more especially the closely printed double column editions,
+  and the new fashioned, though equally objectionable, Shilling books, with
+  their numerous errors, thin paper, and flimsy binding, are the
+  following:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. A carefully Revised Text.</p>
+      <p>2. Judicious Explanatory Foot Notes.</p>
+      <p>3. Engravings really Illustrating the Text.</p>
+      <p>4. A new and legible Type.</p>
+      <p>5. Good Paper and Printing.</p>
+      <p>6. Strong neat Binding.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In carrying out their undertaking it will be the endeavour of the
+  projectors to bestow upon Half-crown Volumes for the <i>many</i> the same
+  typographical accuracy, and the same artistic ability, hitherto almost
+  exclusively devoted to high-priced books for the <i>few</i>. Supported by
+  the co-operation of the Reading Public, no pains will be spared to
+  provide every English home with a complete treasury of knowledge and
+  entertainment in the volumes of the "<span class="sc">National
+  Illustrated Library</span>."</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>The following are the Volumes which appeared on the 31st of March,</p>
+
+  <p>BOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, <span class="sc">Vol. I.</span></p>
+
+  <p>THE BOOK OF ENGLISH SONGS.</p>
+
+  <p>THE BURIED CITY OF THE EAST&mdash;NINEVEH.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Office of the <span class="sc">Illustrated London News</span>, 198. Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, No. VII., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, imperial 4to.</p>
+
+  <p>DETAILS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing
+  Examples, by <span class="sc">J.&nbsp;K. Colling</span>,
+  Architect.&mdash;<span class="sc">Contents</span>: Eastern side of Altar
+  Screen, Beverley Minster; Details from ditto; Our compartment of Nave,
+  Austrey Church, Warwickshire; Clerestory and Aisle windows from ditto;
+  Buttresses from ditto. (Continued monthly.)</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">George Bell</span>, Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, New Edition, 4to cloth, price 25<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ILLUSTRATIONS of the REMAINS of ROMAN ART in CIRENCESTER, the SITE of
+  ANTIENT CORINIUM. By Professor <span class="sc">Buckman</span>, F.L.S.,
+  &amp;c., and <span class="sc">C.&nbsp;H. Newmarch</span>. Esq. Containing
+  Plates by <span class="sc">De la Motte</span>, of the magnificent
+  Tessellated Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with
+  copies of the grand heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona, reduced by the
+  Talbotype from fac-simile tracings of the original; together with various
+  other Plates and numerous Wood Engravings.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Cirencester: <span class="sc">Baily and Jones</span>; London: <span class="sc">George Bell</span>,
+Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">HARDWICK'S HISTORY OF THE ARTICLES.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">In 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>A HISTORY of the ARTICLES of RELIGION; to which is added a SERIES of
+  DOCUMENTS, from <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1536 to <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1615; together with Illustrations from
+  Contemporary Sources. By <span class="sc">Charles Hardwick, M. A.</span>,
+  Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, and Whitehall Preacher.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Rivingtons</span>, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place; and
+<span class="sc">Deighton</span>, Cambridge.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Second Edition, Now Ready, Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>THE NUPTIALS of BARCELONA: A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish
+  Tyranny. By <span class="sc">R. N. Dundbar</span>.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of
+  description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well calculated
+  to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of the
+  day."&mdash;<i>Sunday Times.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Saunders</span> and <span class="sc">Otley</span>, Publishers, Conduit Street.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 272 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page272"></a>{272}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<h2>NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.</h2>
+
+  <p>YEAST: a <span class="sc">Problem</span>. Reprinted, with Additions
+  and Alterations, from <span class="sc">Fraser's Magazine</span>.
+  9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>HISTORY OF MOHAMMEDANISM AND ITS SECTS. By <span class="sc">W. Cooke
+  Taylor</span>, LL.D. Third and Cheaper Edition. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>GREGORY OF NAZIANZUM: a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical History of
+  the Fourth Century. By <span class="sc">Professor Ullmann</span>.
+  Translated by <span class="sc">G.&nbsp;V. Cox</span>, M.A. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIVING. By <span class="sc">Herbert Mayo</span>,
+  M.D., late Senior Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. Third and Cheaper
+  Edition, with Additions. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>CHEMISTRY OF FIRE, AIR, EARTH, AND WATER: an Essay, founded upon
+  Lectures delivered before the Queen. By <span class="sc">T.
+  Griffiths</span>, Professor of Chemistry in St. Bartholomew's Hospital.
+  With numerous Illustrations, Second Edition. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>DE OBLIGATIONE CONSCIENTIÆ PRÆLECTIONES DECEM OXONII IN SCHOLA
+  THEOLOGICA HABITÆ. <span class="sc">A Roberto Sanderson</span>, S.
+  Theologicæ Ibidem Pofessore Regio. Edited for the Syndics of the
+  Cambridge University Press. With English Notes, including an abridged
+  Translation, by <span class="sc">W. Whewell</span>, D.D., Master of
+  Trinity College. 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>THE EARLY PROGRESS of the GOSPEL: being the Hulsean Lectures for 1850.
+  By <span class="sc">W.&nbsp;G. Humphry</span>, B.D., Examining Chaplain to the
+  Lord Bishop of London. 8vo.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORD'S APOSTLES. By <span
+  class="sc">A Country Pastor</span>. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the same Author,</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">LECTURES ON SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING GOOD and
+  EVIL ANGELS.</span> 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>VIEW OF THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING A FUTURE STATE.
+  5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>LAWS OF ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY. By <span class="sc">Richard
+  Hooker</span>. The First Book. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>The present reprint was proposed by the editor&mdash;a master in a
+  large public school&mdash;with a view of reading it with his boys. There
+  is, so far as he is aware, no English book in common use in schools which
+  at all sets forth the distinctions of Laws and the foundations on which
+  their authority is based; and perhaps none could be found better
+  calculated to meet this want than that which is here offered.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" >
+
+  <p>BRAMPTON RECTORY; or, the <span class="sc">Lesson of Life</span>.
+  Second Edition. 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the same Author, 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>COMPTON MERIVALE: another Leaf from the <span class="sc">Lesson of
+  Life</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">John W. Parker</span>, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 3<i>d.</i>, the April No. of the</p>
+
+<h3>BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><span class="scac">CONTENTS:</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><b>The Art of Reasoning:&mdash;</b></p>
+      <p class="i1">The Doctrine of the Syllogism.</p>
+      <p><b>Controversy:&mdash;</b></p>
+      <p class="i1">Is Mesmerism true?</p>
+      <p class="i1">Was Oliver Cromwell a first-rate General, a Great Statesman, and a Sincere Man?</p>
+      <p class="i1">The R. C. Hierarchy, ought it to be interdicted?</p>
+      <p class="i1">Have the Working Classes been benefited by Machinery?</p>
+      <p><b>Societies Section:&mdash;</b></p>
+      <p class="i1">The Art of Public Speaking</p>
+      <p class="i1">Reports of Lectures and Meetings.</p>
+      <p><b>The Inquirer:&mdash;</b></p>
+      <p class="i1">Questions requiring Answers.</p>
+      <p class="i1">Answers to Questions.</p>
+      <p class="i1">French without a Master.</p>
+      <p class="i1">German and Italian Grammars.</p>
+      <p class="i1">Chemistry.</p>
+      <p class="i1">Astronomy.</p>
+      <p class="i1">Improvement of the Memory, &amp;c.</p>
+      <p><b>The Young Student and Writer's Assistant:&mdash;</b></p>
+      <p class="i1">Essays and Exercises.</p>
+      <p><b>Notices of Books.</b></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>"It is unique in its design, able in its execution, and vast and
+  noble in its object."&mdash;Leamington Courier.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Houlston &amp; Stoneman</span>, and all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, in One Volume, post 8vo., price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth,</p>
+
+  <p>REMONSTRANCE AGAINST ROMISH CORRUPTIONS IN THE CHURCH: addressed to
+  the People and Parliament of England in 1395, 18 <span
+  class="sc">Ric</span>. II. Now for the first time published. Edited by
+  the Rev. <span class="sc">J. Forshall, F.R.S.</span>, &amp;c., formerly
+  Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, in One large Volume, 8vo. price 14<i>s.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+  <p>THE HISTORY of the CHURCH of ROME, to the End of the Episcopate of
+  Damasus, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 384. By <span class="sc">Edward
+  John Shepherd, A.M.</span> Rector of Luddesdown.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ., F.S.A.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">This day is published, in 2 vo's, 8vo.,</p>
+
+  <p>NARRATIVES <span class="scac">OF</span> MAGIC <span
+  class="scac">AND</span> SORCERY. By <span class="sc">Thomas
+  Wright</span>, Esq., F.S.A., Author of "England under the House of
+  Hanover, illustrated by the Caricatures and Satires of the Day."</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Richard Bentley</span>, New Burlington Street, (Publisher in
+Ordinary to Her Majesty)</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+<p class="cenhead">This day, crown 8vo cloth, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>LONDON AS IT IS TO-DAY, WHERE TO GO, and WHAT TO SEE during THE GREAT
+  EXHIBITION. With a Map and 300 Engravings on Wood.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CRYSTAL PALACE, ITS ORIGIN, HISTORY, and CONSTRUCTION. No. I.
+  price 1½<i>d.</i> To be completed in 12 Numbers.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">H. G. Clarke &amp; Co.</span>, 4. Exeter Change.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+  <p>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.</span></p>
+
+  <p>Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting
+  the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as
+  fully detailed in the prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A. Scratchley, M.A.</span>, Actuary and Secretary;
+  Author of "Industrial Investment and Emigration; being a Second Edition
+  of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &amp;c." Price 10<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">J. W. Parker</span>, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" >
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New
+  Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride,
+  in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George
+  Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in
+  the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+  aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, April 5. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5,
+1851, by Various
+
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+</pre>
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+</body>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23402]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{257} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 75.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 5. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+
+  Two Chancellors, by Edward Foss                        257
+
+  Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III.                     258
+
+  Folk Lore:--Cure of Hooping Cough--Charms from
+  Devonshire--Lent Lilies--Oak Webs, &c.                 258
+
+  The Threnodia Carolina of Sir Thomas Herbert, by
+  Bolton Corney                                          259
+
+  Minor Notes:--Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis--Moorfields
+  in Charles II.'s Time--Derivation of Yankee--A
+  Word to Literary Men                                   260
+
+  QUERIES:
+
+  Poems of John Seguard of Norwich, by Sir F. Madden     261
+
+  Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke                    262
+
+  Minor Queries:--The Vellum-bound Junius--What is
+  a Tye?--"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout"--Arms
+  of Robert Nelson--Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York
+  --Moore's Almanack--Archbishop Loftus--Matrix
+  of Monastic Seal--Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon--
+  Villiers Duke of Buckingham--Porci solidi-pedes--
+  The Heywood Family--Was Charles II. ever in
+  Wales?--Dog's Head in the Pot--"Poor Alinda's
+  growing old"                                           262
+
+  MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Who was the Author of
+  "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?--William Penn's Family
+  --Deal, Dover, and Harwich--Author of Broad
+  Stone of Honour--Pope Joan--The Well o' the
+  World's End--Sides and Angles--Meaning of Ratche
+  --"Feast of Reason," &c.--Tu autem                     264
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Barons of Hugh Lupus                                   266
+
+  Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office              266
+
+  Lady Jane of Westmoreland                              268
+
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Father
+  Maximilian Hell--Meaning of "strained" as used by
+  Shakspeare--Headings of Chapters in English Bibles     269
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                 269
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                           270
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                              270
+
+  Advertisements                                         271
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+TWO CHANCELLORS.
+
+Although neither your readers nor I are politicians enough to interfere in
+the changes proposed with reference to the office of Lord Chancellor, I
+doubt not that some of them, now the subject is on the _tapis_, may feel
+interested in a fact connected with it, which our ancient records disclose:
+namely, that on one occasion there were _two chancellors_ acting at the
+same time for several months together, and both regularly appointed by the
+king.
+
+It is an unique instance, occurring in the reign of Edward IV.: the two
+chancellors being Thomas Rotheram, Bishop of Lincoln, and John Alcock,
+Bishop of Rochester. The former received the Great Seal in May, 1474, in
+the fourteenth year of the reign, and without any doubt continued
+chancellor till the king's death; and yet, from April to September in the
+following year, the latter was also addressed by the same title. During
+that interval of five months, there are numerous writs of Privy Seal
+addressed by the king to both, in which each of them is styled "our
+chancellor."
+
+This curious circumstance may be thus accounted for. King Edward had for
+some time been contemplating an invasion of France; and when his
+preparations were completed (about April), as he required his chancellor,
+Bishop Rotheram, to attend him on the expedition, it became necessary to
+provide some competent person to transact the business of the Chancery in
+his absence. On previous occasions of this nature, it had been usual to
+place the seal that was used in England, when the king was abroad, in the
+hands of the Master of the Rolls, or some other master in Chancery, with
+the title of Keeper: but, for some unexplained reason (perhaps because
+Bishop Alcock was a man whom the king delighted to honour), this prelate
+was dignified with the superior designation, although Bishop Rotheram still
+retained it. The voyage being delayed from April to July, during the whole
+of that period, each being in England, both acted in the same character;
+Privy Seals, as I have said, being sent to both, and bills in Chancery
+being addressed also to Bishop Alcock as chancellor. Rotheram was with the
+king in France as his chancellor, and is so described on opening the
+negotiation in August, which led to the discreditable peace by which Edward
+made himself a pensioner to the French king. No Privy Seals were addressed
+to Alcock after September 28; which may therefore be considered the close
+of this double chancellorship, and the date of Bishop Rotheram's return to
+England.
+
+Who knows whether the discovery of this ancient authority may not suggest
+to our legislators the division of the title between two possessors {258}
+with distinct duties, in the same manner that two chief justices were
+substituted in the reign of Henry III. for one chief justiciary?
+
+The immediate interest of this fact has prompted me to anticipate its
+appearance in the volumes of my work, which you have been kind enough to
+announce as being in the press.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. III.
+
+ "Now flieth Venus in to Ciclinius tour.
+      *    *    *    *    *    *
+ "Alas, and there hath she no socour,
+  For she ne found ne sey no maner wight.
+      *    *    *    *    *    *
+ "Wherefore her selven for to hide and save,
+  Within the gate she fledde in to a cave.
+      *    *    *    *    *    *
+ "Now God helpe sely Venus alone,
+  But as God wold it happed for to be,
+  That while the weping Venus made her mone,
+  Ciclinius riding in his chirachee,
+  _Fro Venus Valanus might this palais see;_
+  And Venus he salveth and maketh chere,
+  And her receiveth as his frende full dere."
+              _Complaint of Mars and Venus._
+
+Having in my last communication (Vol. iii., p. 235.) shown cause for the
+alteration in the foregoing quotation of Ciclinius into Cyllenius, I shall
+now endeavour to interpret the line in Italics, which in its present shape
+is utterly without meaning.
+
+Whatever word _Valanus_ may be supposed to represent, whether a proper or a
+common name, still the construction of the whole line is evidently corrupt.
+
+Taking Valanus, in the first place, as a proper name, the most probable
+original would be VALENS; for the connexion of which with Mercury we must
+refer to Cicero (_De Nat. Deor._ iii. 22.), where mention is made of it in
+these words:--
+
+    "Alter (Mercurius) _Valentis_ et Phoronidis filius, is qui sub terris
+    habetur idem Trophonius."
+
+Here the identification with Trophonius strikes us at once as affording a
+clue to THE CAVE into which Venus fled, giving great probability to Valens
+as the true solution of Chaucer's meaning.
+
+But if we receive it as such, the following hypothesis becomes necessary,
+viz., that Chaucer imagined a _double impersonation_ of Mercury--one
+absent, the other present,--one sidereal, the other mythological,--one
+Cyllenius, the other Valens.
+
+When Venus first enters Mercury's "palais," she "_ne found ne sey no maner
+wight_." This signifies the absence from home of _Cyllenius_, who was
+abroad upon "his chirachee" in attendance upon the Sun; and here again is
+an instance of the nice astronomical accuracy of Chaucer. It was impossible
+that the _planet_ Mercury could be in the sign Gemini, because his greatest
+elongation, or apparent distance from the sun, does not exceed 29 degrees;
+so that the Sun having but just entered Taurus, Mercury could not be in
+Gemini. Neither could Venus see Valens (the other impersonation of
+Mercury), because of his concealment in the cave; but when she entered the
+cave, then she was welcomed and received by him.
+
+Now, to render the text conformable with this interpretation, some
+alteration in the construction is necessary, as indeed it must be in any
+attempt to render the passage intelligible.
+
+Taking, away the word "Fro," and transposing "might" to the other side of
+"Valanus," the lines would stand thus,--
+
+         "---- it happed for to be
+  That, while the weping Venus made her mone,
+  (Cyllenius riding in his chirachee)
+  Venus might Valens in this palais see;
+  And Venus he salveth and maketh chere
+  And her receiveth as his frende full dere!"
+
+On the other supposition of "Valanus" being a common name, to which a
+capital letter has been prefixed in mistake, then the only word for which
+it would appear to be a probable substitution would be "Vallum," in the
+sense of a border or rampart; but the application would be so far-fetched
+that I shall not attempt it, especially as I look upon the explanation
+afforded by "Valens" as most probably the true one.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+Leeds, March 20. 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Cure of Hooping Cough._--There is a superstition in Cheshire that hooping
+cough may be cured by holding a toad for a few moments with its head within
+the mouth of the person affected. I heard only the other day of a cure by
+this somewhat disagreeable process; the toad was said to have caught the
+disease, which in this instance proved fatal to it in a few hours.
+
+A. H. H.
+
+_Charms from Devonshire._--The following charms were obtained from an old
+woman in this parish, though probably they are all known to you already:
+
+  (_a._) _For a Scald or Burn._
+
+ "There were three angels came from The East and West,
+  One brought fire and another brought frost,
+  And the third it was the Holy Ghost.
+  Out fire, in frost, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
+      Holy Ghost. Amen."
+
+  (_b._) _For a Sprain._
+
+    "As our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was riding into
+    Jerusalem, His horse tripped and sprained his leg. Our Blessed Lord and
+    Saviour blessed it, and said,
+
+ 'Bone to bone, and vein to vein,
+  O vein, turn to thy rest again!'
+
+    M. N. so shall thine, in the Name," &c.
+
+{259}
+
+  (_c._) _For stopping Blood._
+
+    "Our Blessed Saviour was born in Bethlehem and baptized in the river
+    Jordan.
+
+ 'The Waters were wild and rude.
+  The child Jesus was meek, mild, and good.'
+
+    He put His foot into the waters, and the waters stopped, and so shall
+    thy blood, in the Name," &c.
+
+  (d.) _For the Tooth-ache._
+
+    "All glory! all glory! all glory! be to the Father, and to the Son, and
+    to the Holy Ghost.
+
+    "As our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was walking in the garden of
+    Gethsamene, He saw Peter weeping. He called him unto Him, and said,
+    Peter why, weepest thou? Peter answered and said, Lord, I am grievously
+    tormented with pain, the pain of my tooth. Our Lord answered and said,
+    If thou wilt believe in Me, and My words abide with thee, thou shalt
+    never feel any more pain in thy tooth. Peter said, Lord, I believe,
+    help Thou my unbelief. In the Name, &c.
+
+    "God grant M. N. ease from the pain in his teeth."
+
+(_e._) _For Fits._--Go into a church at midnight and walk three times round
+the communion table. This was done in this parish a few years since.
+
+(_f._) An inhabitant of this parish told me that his father went into
+Lydford Church, at twelve o'clock at night, and cut off some lead from
+every diamond pane in the windows with which he made a heart, to be worn by
+his wife afflicted with "_breastills_," i.e. _sore breasts_.
+
+(_g._) The skin cast by a snake is very useful in extracting thorns, &c.
+from the body, but, unlike I other remedies, it is repellent, not
+attractive; hence it must always be applied on the opposite side to that on
+which the thorn entered. In some cases where the skin has been applied on
+the same side, it has forced the thorn completely through the hand.
+
+_Lent Lilies.--Oak Webs, &c._--In this part of Cornwall, the native yellow
+narcissus, known in most counties, and in the books, as _daffodils_ (the
+"Daffy Down Dilly" of your correspondent, Vol. iii. p. 220.), are called
+only by the name of _Lent lilies_, or simply _Lents_, and are commonly sold
+by the poor children, frequently in exchange for _pins_. The pleasing name
+reminds one of Michaelmas Daisy (_Chrysanthemum_), Christmas rose
+(_Helleborus niger_), and the beautiful pasque flower (_Anemone
+pulsatilla_).
+
+The common beetle called cockchafer is here known only as the _oak-web_,
+and a smaller beetle as _fern-web_. It seems hard to guess why they should
+be named _web_ (which in Anglo-Saxon means _weaver_), as they do not, I
+think, form any cocoon.
+
+H. G. T.
+
+Launceston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE THRENODIA CAROLINA OF SIR THO. HERBERT.
+
+The _Threnodia Carolina_ of sir Thomas Herbert is a jewel of historical
+composition, and I am persuaded that a new edition of it, if formed on a
+collation of the best manuscripts, and illustrated by extracts from the
+principal historians of the same period, would not only be received by the
+public with thanks, but with expressions of surprise that so rare a
+treasure should have been suffered to remain in such comparative obscurity.
+
+There are four manuscripts of the work in public libraries, two of which I
+am enabled to describe.
+
+1. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 7396.
+
+This Ms. is in folio. The preliminary leaves have the notes marked 1, 2,
+3--the second being in the handwriting of sir William Dugdale. The
+narrative occupies thirty-six pages, with interlinear corrections and
+additions. This Ms. does not contain the words _This brief narrative_, &c.
+nor the letter dated the 3d Nov. 1681.
+
+    "THRENODIA CAROLINA."
+
+    (1) "This book contains S^r Tho. Herberts memoirs being the original in
+    his own hand sent to S^r W^m Dugdale in 1678."
+
+    (2) "A true and perfect narrative of the most remarkable passages
+    relating to king Charles the first of blessed memory, written by the
+    proper land of S^r Thomas Herbert baronet, who attended upon his
+    ma^{tie} from Newcastle upon Tine, when he was sold by the Scotts,
+    during the whole time of his greatest afflictions, till his death and
+    buriall; w^{ch} was sent to me S^r Will^m Dugdale knight, garter
+    principall king of armes, in Michaellmasse Terme a^o. 1678, by the said
+    S^r Thomas Herbert, from Yorke, where he resideth."
+
+    "VERITAS ODIUM PARIT."
+
+    (3) "Court passages in the two last yeares of the raigne of king
+    Charles the first, during y^e time of his affliction."
+
+    2. The Harleian Ms. in the British Museum, No. 4705.
+
+    This Ms. is in small folio. It was formerly in the possession of Peter
+    le Neve, norroy. A preliminary leaf has the subjoined attestation by
+    sir William Dugdale. The narrative is much more ample and
+    circumstantial than in the former Ms., but it is not all in the
+    handwriting of sir Thomas Herbert. The letter dated 3 November 1681,
+    and the relations of Huntington, Cooke, and Firebrace, are added in the
+    handwriting of Dugdale; also, the names of persons who corresponded
+    with Charles I. while he was a prisoner in the Isle of Wight. The
+    passages transcribed by the REV. ALFRED GATTY appear in this Ms.--also
+    in the edition of 1702. The edition of 1813 is a _verbatim_ reprint of
+    the first and second articles of that of 1702. It was edited by Mr.
+    George Nicol.
+
+    "CAROLINA THRENODIA."
+
+    "This booke containeth a large answer to a short letter sent by S^r
+    Will^m Dugdale kn^t (garter; principall king of armes) unto S^r Thomas
+    Herbert baronet, {260} residing in the citty of Yorke. By w^{ch} letter
+    he did desire the sayd S^r Thomas Herbert to informe him of such
+    materiall passages, as he had observed touching the late king Charles
+    the first (of blessed memory) during the time that he the sayd S^r
+    Thomas did attend him in person; B^t for the two last yeares of his
+    afflicted life."
+
+The other Mss. alluded to are preserved in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford.
+The most important is No. 1141., which is minutely described in the
+admirable catalogue compiled by Mr. Black. A transcript of the _Threnodia
+Carolina_ by Ant. a Wood, also in the Ashmolean Museum, is recorded by
+Huddesford.
+
+As there were two _recensions_ of the narrative, I have added a specimen of
+each of the Harleian Mss., which may serve as a clue to the nature of other
+copies, whether in public libraries, or in private hands.
+
+    "The Lords ordered a girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters to
+    be cutt in Lead and putt about the Coffin. being onely these wordes
+
+    KING CHARLES
+    1648.
+
+    The kings body was then brought from the chamber to Saint Georges hall.
+    whence after a Little pause, it was w^{th} a slow pase & much sorrow
+    carrye'd by those gentlemen that were in mourninge: the Lords in blacks
+    following the royall Corpes & many gentlemen after them, and their
+    attendants."--THRENODIA CAROLINA, p. 36. Harleian MS. 7396.
+
+    "The girdle or circumscription of Capitall Letters in Lead putt about
+    the Coffin had onely these words.
+
+    KING-CHARLES.
+    1648.
+
+    The Kings body was then brought from his Bed-chamber, downe into S^t
+    Georges-hall; whence after a little stay, itt was with a slow and
+    solemn pace (much sorrow in most faces discernable) carryed by
+    gentlemen that were of some quallity and in mourning. the Lords in like
+    habitts followed the Royall Corps. the Governor, and severall
+    gentlemen, and officers, and attendants came after."--CAROLINA
+    THRENODIA, p. 80. Harleian MS. 4705.
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+_Sir Thomas Herbert's Memoirs of Charles I._--The question suggested by MR.
+GATTY'S first note upon this subject was one of some importance, viz.,
+whether the original MS. in the possession of his friend contained anything
+of Sir Thomas Herbert's not hitherto published? There is no doubt that the
+"Memoir of the two last years of King Charles I." was written by Sir Thomas
+Herbert, after his retirement to his native city of York, at the request of
+the author of the _Athenae Oxonienses_, who made use of nearly the whole of
+it in compiling that great work, adapting different portions to his
+biographical notices of the persons to whom they principally related. The
+notices of Colonel Joyce and Colonel Cobbet are chiefly composed of
+extracts from Herbert's Memoir; whilst under the name of Herbert himself
+not more than about one-third of his own communication will be found.
+
+The first edition of the _Athenae_ was not published until 1691, several
+years after Sir Thomas Herbert's death; and the memoir in a complete form,
+with the title of _Threnodia Carolina_, did not appear until the year 1702,
+when it was published by Dr. Charles Goodall, physician to the Charter
+House, together with other tracts relating to Charles I. This is doubtless
+the volume described by MR. BOLTON CORNEY (vol. iii., p. 157.), who will, I
+hope, favour your readers with the information requested by MR. GATTY (p.
+222.).
+
+The Memoir, as published in 1813 by G. and W. Nicol, Booksellers, Pall
+Mall, professes to be a faithful reprint of the former edition of 1702. The
+commencing and concluding paragraphs in this reprint are precisely the same
+as those transcribed by MR. GATTY'S friend from the MS. in his possession.
+His idea, that an incorrect copy of his MS. was improperly obtained, and
+published in 1813, seems to be without foundation.
+
+[Delta].
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis._--The following extract from an
+advertisement in the _St. James's Chronicle_, April 15, 1779, is worth a
+note as illustrative of the altered value of the book referred to:--
+
+    "If any person is possessed of an impression of Shakspeare's _Venus and
+    Adonis_, 4to. Printed by Richard Field for John Harrison, 1593, and
+    will bring it to Mr. Thomas Longman, bookseller, in Paternoster Row, he
+    will receive one guinea for it."
+
+Malone gave 25l. for the copy in his collection in the Bodleian.
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Moorfields in Charles II.'s Time._--I copy this from _The New Help to
+Discourse_, published about 1670:
+
+    "Two gentlemen of Stepney going homewards over Moor-fields, about
+    twelve of the clock at night, were staid by an impertinent constable
+    with many frivolous questions, more by half to show his office than his
+    wit; one whereof was, If they were not afraid to go home at that time
+    of the night? They answered, 'No.' 'Well,' said he, 'I shall let you
+    pass at this time; but if you should be knockt on the lead before you
+    get home, you cannot but report that there was a good watch kept in
+    Moor-fields."
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Yankee, Derivation of._--The word _Yankee_ is nothing more than the word
+_English_ so transformed by the imperfect pronunciation of the natives of
+Massachusets--_Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. The orthography of this
+much-used epithet, which is not given, we believe, in any English or
+American work, was communicated to M. Philarete {261} Charles by one of the
+best-informed men of that province.
+
+    "Le mot Yankee, applique aujourd'hui comme sobriquet aux populations
+    agricoles et commercantes du nord, n'est autre que le mot _English_
+    transforme par la prononciation defectueuse des indigenes du
+    Massachusets: _Yenghis_, _Yanghis_, _Yankies_. Nous tenons de l'un des
+    hommes les plus instruit de la province cette curieuse etymologie, que
+    ne donne aucun ouvrage americain ou anglais. Les Anglais, quand ils se
+    moquent des _Yankies_, se moquent d'eux-memes."--Philarete Charles,
+    "Les Americains," in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, May 15, 1850.
+
+J. M.
+
+_A Word to Literary Men_ (Vol. iii., p. 161.).--Perhaps MR. KENNETH R. H.
+MACKENZIE will allow me to add the following as a _rider_ to his
+suggestion:--
+
+    "Even after all the labours of the Prussian scholars," says Dr. Arnold,
+    "much remains to be done towards obtaining a complete knowledge of the
+    number, and still more of the value, of the Greek MSS. now existing in
+    Europe. It is not easy to know how many MSS. of any given writer are
+    extant, where they are to be found, and, above all, whether from their
+    age and character they are worth the trouble of an exact collation. A
+    labour of this kind cannot be accomplished by individuals; but the
+    present spirit of liberal co-operation, which seems to influence
+    literary as well as scientific men throughout Europe, renders its
+    accomplishment by the combined exertions of the scholars of different
+    countries by no meals impracticable. It would be exceedingly convenient
+    to possess an alphabetical list of all the extant Greek and Latin
+    writers, with a _catalogue raisonnee_ of the MSS. of each; and if such
+    a work were attempted, there is little doubt, I imagine, that in point
+    of number a very large addition would be made to the stock of MSS.
+    already known. What the result might be in point of value is another
+    question; still it is desirable to know what we have to trust to; and
+    when we have obtained a right estimate of our existing resources in
+    manuscripts, we shall then be better able to judge what modern
+    criticism will have to do from its own means towards bringing the text
+    of the ancient writers to the greatest possible state of
+    perfection."--Preface to _Thucydides_, vol. iii. page iv. 2d edit.
+
+M. N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+POEMS OF JOHN SEGUARD OF NORWICH.
+
+In the _Letters on the British Museum_, 1767 (referred to Vol. iii., p.
+208.), at p. 33. is given a short Latin poem, which the writer states he
+"found among the manuscripts;" and adds, "It was written by John Seward in
+the time of Henry V., who conquered Charles VI. of France." The poem is as
+follows:
+
+ "Ite per extremam Tanaim, pigrosque Triones,
+  Ite per arentem Lybiam, superate calores
+  Solis, et arcanos Nili deprendite fontes,
+  Herculeumque sinum, Bacchi transcurrite metas,
+  Angli juris erit quicquid complectitur orbis.
+  Anglis rubra dabunt pretiosas aequora conchas,
+  Indus ebur, ramos Panchaia, vellera Seres,
+  Dum viget Henricus, dum noster vivit Achilles;
+  Est etenim laudes longe transgressus avitas."
+
+If these lines are compared with the contemporary Leonine verses in praise
+of Henry V., preserved in MS. Cott. Cleop. B. i. f. 173. beginning:
+
+ "Ad Salvatoris laudes, titulos et honores."
+
+their great superiority, in point of Latinity, will be perceived, and this
+Query forthwith arises: Who was John Seward?
+
+In reply to this, the following information has been collected. The name of
+the author was not _Seward_, but _Seguard_. He is not mentioned by Leland,
+but Bale calls him "insignis sui temporis rhetor ac poeta;" and states
+further, that in the city of Norwich, "non sine magno auditorum fructu,
+bonas artes ingenue profitebatur." He then gives a list of his writings,
+among which is a work on Prosody, entitled _Metristenchiridion_, addressed
+to Richard Courtney, Bishop of Norwich, who held the see only from Sept.
+1413 to Sept. 1415, and therefore composed during that interval. He notices
+also a tract _De miseria hominis_, together with _Carmina diversi generis_
+and _Epistolae ad diversos_; all of which, he says, he himself saw in
+manuscripts in Merton College, Oxford, and in the Royal Library of Edward
+VI. Pits, the next authority in point of date, chiefly follows Bale in his
+account of John Seguard; but adds, "Equestris ordinis in Anglia patre
+natus," and among his writings inserts one not specified by Bale, _De
+laudibus Regis Henrici Quinti, versu_. Tanner copies the first of these
+statements, yet, singular enough, omits all notice of the poem on Henry V.,
+the very one, apparently, cited in the _Letters on the British Museum_. But
+there are further difficulties. It was natural to suppose, that the MS.
+seen by Bale in the Royal Library would be there still; and Tanner
+unhesitatingly refers to the volume marked 15 A. xxii. art. 5., as the one
+which contained the poem _De miseria hominis_, noted by Bale. On looking,
+however, at this manuscript, it became apparent that both Bale and Tanner
+are in error in ascribing this poem to Seguard. The handwriting is of the
+early part of the thirteenth century, and consequently full a century and a
+half before the Norwich poet was born! At the conclusion is this note, by
+the same hand:
+
+    "Hos versus, sicut nobis quidam veridicus retulit, Segardus junior de
+    Sancto Audomaro composuit."
+
+The writer here named is not mentioned in Fabricius, nor in the _Histoire
+Litteraire de la France_. Besides the MS. in Merton College, Oxford,
+referred to by Bale, which still exists there under the signature Q. 3. 1.,
+I find another in Bernard's _Catt._ {262} _MSS. Angliae_, 1697, vol. ii. p.
+216., among the manuscripts of Sir Henry Langley of Shropshire, "No. 22.
+Jo. Segnard [_read_ Seguard] Poemata." I would therefore close these
+remarks by requesting attention to the following Queries:--
+
+1. As Blomefield is silent on the subject, is anything more known
+respecting the biography of John Seguard?
+
+2. Can a list be obtained of the contents of the Merton manuscript?
+
+3. What became of the Langley MS., and where is it at present?
+
+4. In what manuscript of the British Museum is the poem on Henry V.
+contained?
+
+F. MADDEN.
+
+P.S. Since I wrote the above, I have found in the Sale Catalogue of the
+Towneley library, 1814, pt. i. lot 396.:
+
+    "_Seguardi Opuscula._ Manuscript on vellum. This volume contains
+    several treatises not mentioned by Bale or Pits."
+
+It was purchased by Mr. Laing for 1l. 1s. May I, therefore, add one more
+Query?
+
+5. Can the present owner of this MS. (which is probably the same as the
+Langley copy) furnish a note of its contents?
+
+F. M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EPITAPH ON THE COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE.
+
+Who was the writer of the oft-quoted lines,
+
+ "Underneath this marble (sable) hearse," &c.
+
+intended, as all know, for an epitaph on Mary Sidney, afterwards Countess
+of Pembroke, but not inscribed upon any monumental stone? They are almost
+universally attributed to Ben Jonson, and are included amongst his poems.
+But this is not conclusive evidence, as we also there find the epitaph on
+Drayton, which was written by Quarles. In Aubrey's MS. _Memoires of
+Naturall Remarques in Wilts_, these verses are said to have been "made by
+Mr. Willi[=a]. Browne, who wrote the Pastoralls, and they are inserted
+there." Mr. Britton, in his _Life of Aubrey_ (p. 96.), adds:
+
+    "It is essential to observe, that Aubrey is not alone in stating them
+    to be by Browne; for, in his note upon the subject, he left a blank for
+    the latter's Christian name, 'William,' which was filled up by Evelyn
+    when he perused the manuscript. Indeed, Evelyn added as a further note,
+    '_William_, Governor to the now Earl of Oxford.'"
+
+But these lines are not to be found in Browne's _Pastorals_. In book ii.,
+song 4., there is an epitaph, but which bears little resemblance to the one
+in question. It concludes with the following conceit:
+
+ "If to the grave there ever was assign'd
+  One like this nymph in body and in minde,
+  We wish here in balme, not vainely spent,
+  To fit this maiden with a monument,
+  For brass, and marble, were they seated here,
+  Would fret, or melt in tears, to lye so near."
+
+Addison, in _The Spectator_, No. 323., speaks of this epitaph as "written
+by an uncertain author." This was not more than seventy-five or eighty
+years after Jonson's death. In the lives of the Sidneys, and in Ballard's
+_Memoirs of Celebrated Ladies_ (1752), no author is mentioned; but the
+latter speaks of the epitaph as likely to be more lasting than marble or
+brass. To the six lines which generally stand alone, the following are
+added in the two last-mentioned works:
+
+ "Marble pyles let no man raise,
+  To her name, for after daies,
+  Some kind woman, born as she,
+  Reading this like Niobe,
+  Shall turn marble, and become,
+  Both her mourner and her tomb."
+
+These are also given by Brydges in his _Peers Of James II._, but they are
+not in Jonson's works. Did they originally form part of the epitaph, or are
+they the production of another and later author?
+
+That this epitaph should be attributed to Jonson, may possibly have arisen
+from the following lines being confounded with it. Jacob, in his _English
+Poets_, says--
+
+    "To show that Ben was famous at _epigram_, I need only transcribe the
+    epitaph he wrote on the Lady Elizabeth L. H.:
+
+     "Underneath this stone doth lie
+      As much virtue as could die,
+      Which when alive did harbour give
+      To as much beauty as could live.
+
+J. H. M.
+
+Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Mr. Cramp, in his late publication, _Junius and
+his Works_, conjectures that the printer having bound a copy of _Junius_
+for and under the direction of the writer of the letters, followed the
+pattern in the binding of other copies; and this, he says, "will account
+for similar copies having been found in the libraries of so many persons,
+which from time to time has occasioned so much speculation." With Mr.
+Cramp's conjecture I do not concern myself; but I should be much obliged if
+he would inform me, through your Journal, in what libraries, and where,
+these many vellum-bound copies have been found, and where I can find the
+speculations to which they have given rise.
+
+V. B.
+
+_The Vellum-bound Junius._--Some years ago, on reading the private letters
+of Junius, addressed to H. S. Woodfall, and printed by G. Woodfall, 1812, I
+was particularly struck by those of No. 58. and 59., wherein he states a
+desire to have one set of his letters (which were published 3d March, 1772,
+by Woodfall) _bound in vellum_.
+
+Constantly bearing in mind the fact of the vellum copy, I invariably
+examined all the book {263} catalogues that came in my way for it. At last
+the long-wished-for object appeared in the Stowe sale, and I immediately
+gave my agent instruction to purchase the book for me, and he might offer
+as much as 10l.: he bid 8l., and then it was intimated that it was no use
+to go on; that fifty guineas would not purchase it, or any other sum.
+
+Query, Has this volume been in any other sale? if not, it certainly
+connects the Buckingham family with Junius, though it does not prove the
+author.
+
+W. D. HAGGARD.
+
+    [The Stowe copy of Junius, it appears, was bought by Mr. Rodd for 9l.,
+    no doubt upon commission.]
+
+_What is a "Tye?"_--In Essex, many parishes have a place called "the tye,"
+which I believe is always an out-lying place where three roads meet. In an
+old map I have seen one place now called "Tye" written "Dei." Is it where a
+cross once stood, and Tye a corruption of Dei? Forby, in his _East Anglian
+Vocabulary_, mentions it, but cannot make it out.
+
+A. HOLT WHITE.
+
+_"Marriage is such a Rabble Rout."_--In D'Israeli's _Curiosities of
+Literature_, Moxon's edition, in 1 vol. p. 118., or ed. edited by his son,
+vol. i. p. 363., under the head "A Literary Wife," are the lines--
+
+ "Marriage is such a rabble rout,
+  That those that are out, would fain get in;
+  And those that are in, would fain get out:"
+
+quoted from Chaucer. I have heard these lines quoted as being from
+_Hudibras_: as I cannot trace them in my editions of Chaucer of Butler,
+perhaps some of your readers can tell me where I can find them?
+
+S. WMSON.
+
+_Arms of Robert Nelson._--Can any of the numerous readers and
+correspondents of "NOTES AND QUERIES" describe the _armorial bearings_ of
+_Robert Nelson, Esq._, the author of the _Companion for the Festivals and
+Fasts of the Church of England_? He was buried in the burying-ground in
+Lamb's Conduit Fields, January, 1714.
+
+G. F.
+
+_Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York._--Query, whereabouts in the county of York
+is this place? I believe that one of the above is the way of spelling, but
+at any rate they have the same sound.
+
+J. N. C.
+
+_Moore's Almanack._--Can any of your correspondents inform me as to the
+history of _Moore's Almanack_?
+
+What is the date of its first appearance? Was Francis Moore a real
+personage, or merely a myth?
+
+H. P. W.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Archbishop Loftus._--I shall be deeply obliged to any of your
+correspondents who will inform me whether, and _where_, any diary or
+private memoranda are known to exist of Adam Loftus, who was Archbishop of
+Dublin nearly forty years, from 1567 to 1605, Lord Chancellor of Ireland,
+and the first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin. He was an ancestor of the
+Viscount Loftus, and of the Marquess of Ely.
+
+HENRY COTTON.
+
+Thurles, Ireland, March 20.
+
+_Matrix of Monastic Seal._--A brass matrix has fallen into my hands of a
+period certainly not much anterior to the Revolution. Device, the Virgin
+and Child, their heads surrounded with nimbi; the former holds in her right
+hand three lilies, the latter a globe and cross. The legend is:
+
+"* SIG[=IL] . MON . [=B] . [=M] . DE . PRATO . ALIAS . DE . BONO . NVNCIO."
+
+In the field, a shield charged with three lions passant. Can any
+correspondent aid me in assigning it rightly? There was an Abbey of St.
+Mary de Pratis at Leicester (Vide _Gent. Mag._, vol. xciii. p. 9.); and
+there is a church dedicated to "St. Mary in the Marsh at Norwich." In a
+recent advertisement I find a notice of Scipio Ricci, Bishop of Pistoia and
+Prato, so that the appellation is not very uncommon.
+
+E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Syriac Scriptures and Lexicon._--What edition of the Peschito-Syriac
+version of the Old and New Testaments, respectively, is considered the
+best? Also, what Syriac Lexicon stands highest for value and accuracy?
+
+T. TN.
+
+_Villiers Duke of Buckingham._--There is a tradition in Portsmouth, that in
+the evening preceding his assassination, Villiers Duke of Buckingham killed
+a sailor. Is there any authority for this?
+
+E. D.
+
+_Porci solidi-pedes._--Can any of your readers inform me if any pigs with
+single hoofs are in existence in any county in England? They are mentioned
+in a letter from Sir Thomas Browne to Dugdale the antiquary.
+
+J. S. P. (a Subscriber).
+
+_The Heywood Family._--I am anxious to know if Thomas Heywood, the
+dramatist, was in any way related to Nathaniel Heywood or Oliver Heywood,
+the celebrated Nonconformist ministers in the seventeenth century? Could
+any of your correspondents give me information on this point?
+
+H. A. B.
+
+Trin. Coll. Camb.
+
+_Was Charles II. ever in Wales?_--There is a tradition amongst the
+inhabitants of Glamorganshire, that, after his defeat at the battle of
+Worcester, Charles come to Wales and staid a night at a place called
+Llancaiach Vawr, in the parish of Gelligaer. The place then belonged to a
+Colonel Pritchard, an officer in the Parliamentary army; and the story
+relates that he made himself known to his host, and threw himself upon his
+generosity for safety. The colonel assented to his staying for {264} _one_
+night only, but went away himself, afraid, as the story goes, that the
+Parliament should come to know he had succoured Charles. I know that
+Llancaiach was a place of considerable note long after that, and that an
+old farmer used to say he had heard tile story from his father. The
+historians, I believe, are all silent as to his having fled to Wales
+between the time of his defeat at Worcester and the time he left the
+country.
+
+DAVYDD GAM.
+
+    [Some accounts state that Charles I. was entertained by Colonel
+    Prichard, when that monarch, travelling through Wales, lost his way
+    between Tredegar and Brecknock. (See Lewis's _Topographical Dictionary
+    of Wales_, art. "Gellygaer.")]
+
+_Dog's Head in the Pot._--"Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Haberdasher of
+London, by will, dated 3d Sept. 1563, gave 13s. 4d. annually to the
+highways between Barkway and Dogshed-in-the-Pot, otherwise called
+Horemayd."
+
+The Dogshed-in-the-Pot here mentioned was, as I infer, a public-house in
+the parish of Great or Little Hormead in Hertfordshire, by the side of the
+road from Barkway to London. In Akerman's _Tradesmen's Tokens current in
+London_ I find one (numbered 1442) of the "Dogg's-Head-in-the-Potte" in Old
+Street, having the device of a dog eating out of a pot; and the token of
+Oliver Wallis, in Red Cross Street (No. 1610., A.D. 1667), has the device
+of a dog eating out of a three-legged pot. In April, 1850, Hayward Brothers
+(late R. Henly and Co.), wholesale and manufacturing builders ironmongers,
+196. Blackfriars Road, and 117. and 118. Union Street, Borough, London (who
+state their business to have been established 1783), put forth an
+advertisement headed with a woodcut of a dog eating out of a three-legged
+pot.
+
+Can any of your readers elucidate this sign of the "Dog's-head-in-the Pot?"
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, May 24. 1850.
+
+_"Poor Allinda's growing old."_--Charles II., to vex the Duchess of
+Cleveland, caused Will Legge to sing to her--
+
+ "Poor Allinda's growing old,
+  Those charms are now no more."
+
+(See Lord Dartmouth's note in _Burnet_, vol. i. p. 458. ed. 1823.) Let me
+ask, through "NOTES AND QUERIES," Dr. Rimbault, Mr. Chappell, or any
+readers, where are these verses to be found?
+
+P. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Who was the Author of "The Modest Enquiry, &c."?_--There is an anonymous
+tract, entitled _A Modest Enquiry, &c._, (4to. London, 1687), on the
+question of St. Peter's ever having been at Rome: proving, in so far as a
+negative in the case can be proved, in the most logical, full, clear, and
+satisfactory manner, that--_He never was at Rome_; and _never was, either
+nominally or otherwise, Bishop_ _of the Church there_: and showing the
+grounds for the contrary assertion to be altogether baseless and untrue;
+being a tissue of self-contradicting forgeries and frauds, invented long
+subsequently to the time, evidently for the sole purpose of justifying the
+Papal pretensions of succession and derivation from the Apostle; as those,
+and all its other claims, are founded alone upon that fact, and must stand
+or fall with it.
+
+The inquiry is conducted throughout with evidence of great acquaintance
+with Scripture and much theological learning (though the writer states
+himself to be a layman), without the least undue pretension, and with the
+most perfect temperateness and impartiality. The work would seem now well
+worth reprinting in a cheap and popular form.
+
+Who was the author?
+
+M.
+
+    [In Francis Peck's _Catalogue of Discourses in the Time of King James
+    II._, No. 226., the name of HENRY CARE is given as the author. A list
+    of his other works may be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca_.]
+
+_William Penn's Family._--Can any of your correspondents inform me to whom
+his eldest surviving son (William) was married, and also to whom the
+children of the said son were married, as well as those of his daughter
+Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any? This son and daughter were William
+Penn's children by his first marriage with Miss Springett.
+
+A. U. C.
+
+    [William Penn, eldest son (of William Penn by Miss Springett), had two
+    children, Gulielma Maria, married to Charles Fell, and William Penn of
+    the Rocks in Sussex, who by his first wife, Christian Forbes, had a
+    daughter and heir, married to Peter Gaskell. Mrs. Aubrey was living in
+    1718. Our correspondent may also be referred to Mr. Hepworth Dixon's
+    recently published _William Penn, an Historical Biography_.]
+
+_Deal, Dover, and Harwich._--Where do the following lines come from?
+
+ "Deal, Dover, and Harwich,
+  The devil gave with his daughter in marriage;
+  And, by a codicil to his will,
+  He added Helvoet and the Brill."
+
+J. H. L.
+
+    [Francis Grose, in his _Collection of Proverbs_, speaks of them as "A
+    satirical squib thrown at the innkeepers of those places, in return for
+    the many impositions practised on travellers, as well natives as
+    strangers. Equally applicable to most other sea-ports."]
+
+_Author of Broad Stone of Honour._--Who is the author of the _Broad Stone
+of Honour_, of which mention is made in the _Guesses at Truth_, 1st series,
+p. 230., &c., and in the _Ages of Faith_, p. 236., works of some interest
+in reference to the Papal discussions which are raging at present?
+
+NEMO.
+
+    [Kenelm M. Digby is the author of the _Broad Stone of Honour_.]
+
+{265}
+
+_Pope Joan._--Can any information be procured as to the origin of the game
+called Pope Joan, and (what is of more importance) of the above title,
+whether any such personage ever held the keys of St Peter and wore the
+tiara? If so, at what period and for what time, and what is known of her
+personal history?
+
+NEMO.
+
+    [That _Papissa Joanna_ is merely a fictitious character, is now
+    universally acknowledged by the best authorities. "Clearer
+    confirmations must be drawn for the history of Pope Joan, who succeeded
+    Leo IV. and preceded Benedict III., than many we yet discover, and he
+    wants not grounds that doubts it." So thought Sir Thomas Browne, in his
+    _Vulgar Errors_, B. vii. Ch. 17. Gibbon, too, rejects it as fabulous.
+    "Till the Reformation," he says, "the tale was repeated and believed
+    without offence, and Joan's female statue long occupied her place among
+    the Popes in the Cathedral of Sienna. She has been annihilated by two
+    learned Protestants, Blondel and Bayle; but their brethren were
+    scandalized by this equitable and generous criticism. Spanheim and
+    L'Enfant attempted to save this poor engine of controversy, and even
+    Mosheim condescends to cherish some doubt and suspicion."--_The Decline
+    and Fall of the Roman Empire_, chap. xlix. Spanheim's work, _Joanna
+    Papissa Restituta_, was printed at Leyden in 1692.]
+
+_The Well o' the World's End._--I am very anxious to find out, whether
+there still exists in print (or if it is known to any one now alive) an old
+Scotch fairy tale called "The Weary Well at the World's End?" Charles
+Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., who is unhappily dead lately, knew the story and
+meant to write it down; but he became too infirm to do so, and though many
+very old people in the hilly districts of Lammermoor and Roxburghshire
+remember parts of it, and knew it in their youth, I cannot find one who
+knows it entirely.
+
+L. M. M. R.
+
+    [Some references to the story alluded to by our correspondent will be
+    found in Dr. Leyden's valuable introduction to _The Complaynt of
+    Scotland_; and the story itself in Chambers's admirable collection of
+    Scottish Folk Lore, _Popular Rhymes of Scotland_, p. 236. of the third
+    edition, which form vol. vii. of the _Select Writings of Robert
+    Chambers_.]
+
+_Sides and Angles._--What is the most simple and least complicated method
+of determining the various relations of the sides and angles of the acute
+and obtuse-angled triangles, without the aid of trigonometry, construction,
+or, in fact, by any method except arithmetic?
+
+F. G. F.
+
+St. Andrew's.
+
+    [The relations of sides and angles cannot be obtained without
+    trigonometry in some shape. A very easy work has lately been published
+    by Mr. Hemming, in which there is as little as possible of technical
+    trigonometry.]
+
+_Meaning of Ratche._--In John Frith's _Antithesis_, published in 1529, he
+says:
+
+    "The pope and bishops hunt the wild deer, the fox, and the hare, in
+    their closed parks, with great cries, and horns blowing, with hounds
+    and _ratches_ running."
+
+I should be glad to have the word _ratches_ satisfactorily explained.
+
+H. W.
+
+    [From a note by Steevens on the line in _King Lear_ (Boswell's
+    _Shakspeare_, vol. x. p. 155.), it appears that the late Mr. Hawkins,
+    in his notes to _The Return from Parnassus_, p. 237., says, "That a
+    _rache_ is a dog that hunts by scent wild beasts, birds, and even
+    fishes, and that the female of it is called a _brache_:" and in
+    _Magnificence_, an ancient Interlude of Morality, by Skelton, printed
+    by Rastell, no date, is the following line:
+
+    "Here is a leyshe of ratches to renne an hare."
+
+In a following note, Mr. Tollet, after saying "What is here said of a
+_rache_, might, perhaps, be taken from Holinshed's _Description of
+Scotland_, p. 14.," proceeds, "The females of all dogs were once called
+_braches_; and Ulitius upon Gratius observes, 'Racha Saxonibus canem
+significabat unde Scoti hodie _Rache_ pro cane foemina habent, quod Anglis
+est _Brache_.'"]
+
+_"Feast of Reason," &c._--Seeing your correspondents ask where couplets are
+to be found, I venture to ask whence comes the line--
+
+ "The feast of reason and the flow of soul."
+
+I have often heard it asked, but never answered.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+    [It will be found in Pope's _Imitations of Horace_, Book ii. Satire i.:
+
+     "There St. John mingles with my friendly bowl
+      The feast of reason and the flow of soul."]
+
+_Tu Autem._--In page 25. of "Hertfordshire," in Fuller's _Worthies_, there
+is a story of one Alexander Nequam, who, wishing to become a monk of St.
+Alban's, wrote thus to the abbot thereof:
+
+    "Si vis, veniam. Sin autem, tu autem."
+
+To which the abbot replied:
+
+    "Si bonus sis, venias. Si Nequam, nequaquam."
+
+Can any of your readers inform me of the meaning of "tu autem" in the first
+line? as I have been long puzzled.
+
+This puts me in mind of a form which there was at Ch. Ch., Oxford, on
+"gaudy" days. Some junior students went to the "high table" to say a Latin
+grace, and when they had finished it, they were dismissed by the Dean
+saying "Tu autem;" on which, I remember, there was invariably a smile
+pervading the faces of those present, even that of the Dean himself, as no
+one seemed to know the meaning of the phrase. I believe that it was in my
+time an enigma to all. Can any of your ingenious readers solve me this?
+
+H. C. K.
+
+----Rectory, Hereford.
+
+    [Pegge in his _Anonymiana_, Cent. iv. Sect. 32. says, "At St. John's
+    College, Cambridge, a scholar, in my time, read some part of a chapter
+    in a Latin Bible; and after he had read a short time, the President, or
+    {266} the Fellow that sat in his place cried, _Tu autem_. Some have
+    been at a loss for the meaning of this; but it is the beginning of the
+    suffrage, which was supposed to follow the reading of the Scripture,
+    which the reading scholar was to continue by saying _Miserere mei,
+    Domine_. But at last it came to mean no more than to be a cue to the
+    reader to desist or give over."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 87. 189.)
+
+The inquiry of P., in p. 87., seems to indicate an impression that all the
+witnesses to the charter of Hugh Lupus to Chester Abbey were barons of the
+Palatinate, but only a few of them were such, the rest being of England
+generally.
+
+The original barons of the Palatinate were clearly distinguishable by
+possession of privileges confirmed to them by a well-known charter of Earl
+Ranulph III.; and all the Norman founders of their baronies will be found,
+under Cestrescire, in Domesday, as tenants in capite, from the Earl
+Palatine, of lordships within the lyme of his county.
+
+_Bigod de Loges_ (one of the subjects of P.'s inquiry) will not bear this
+test, unless he was identical with Bigot, Norman lord of the manors
+afterwards comprised in Aldford Fee, which is not known to have been the
+case. For this last-named Bigot, whose lands descended through the Alfords
+to Arderne, reference may be made to the _History of Cheshire_, I. xxix.,
+II. 411.
+
+_William Malbanc_, the other subject of inquiry, who has eluded M. J. T.'s
+searches, is easily identified. He was the Norman baron of Nantwich, the
+Willelmus Malbedeng of the _Domesday Survey_ (vol. i. p. 265. col. 2.), and
+the name is also written thus in the copy of H. Lupus's charter referred
+to, which was ratified under inspection by Guncelyn de Badlesmere,
+Justiciary of Chester in 8 Edw. I.
+
+The charter, with Badlesmere's attestation prefixed, will be found in
+Leycester's _Cheshire Antiquities_, p. 109., and in Ormerod's _Hist. of
+Cheshire_, vol. i. p. 12. In the latter work, in vol. iii., the inquirer
+will also find an account of William Malbedeng or Malbanc, his estates, his
+descendant coheirs, and their several subdivisions, extending from p. 217.
+to p. 222., under the proper head of Nantwich or _Wich Malbanc_, a still
+existing Palatine barony.
+
+LANCASTRIENSIS.
+
+Your correspondent M. J. T. says it appears from--
+
+    "_The MS. Catalogue_ of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that
+    Robert and Roger de Loges possessed lordships in the districts of
+    Coutances in Normandy."
+
+Will he be so good as to say what _MS. Catalogue_ he refers to? He seems to
+speak of _the MS._ _Catalogue_ of Norman nobility as if it were some
+well-known public and authentic record.
+
+Q. G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDMUND PRIDEAUX AND THE FIRST POST-OFFICE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 186.)
+
+In a recent number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" (which, by the way, I have only
+recently become acquainted with) I saw the Queries of your correspondent
+G. P. P. upon the above subject, and having some time ago had occasion to
+investigate it, I accumulated a mass of notes from various sources,--and
+these I send you, rough and unpolished as they are, in the hope that in the
+absence of better information, they may prove to be acceptable.
+
+Herodotus (viii. 98.) mentions the existence of a method of communication
+among the Persians, by means of horsemen placed at certain distances.
+
+In the Close and Misae Rolls (_temp. King John et post_) payments are
+recorded for nuncii who were charged with the carriage of letters.
+
+In 1481, Edward IV., during his war with Scotland, established horse riders
+at _posts_ twenty miles apart, by which letters were conveyed two hundred
+miles in two days (Gale's _Hist. Croyland_); and the Scottish Parliament
+issued an ordinance for facilitating the expedition of couriers throughout
+the kingdom. Carriers of letters also existed in England about this time,
+for in a letter from Sir J. Paston, written in 1471, we are informed that
+"Courby, the carrier, hath had 40d. for the third hired horse," for a
+journey from Norwich to London and back. (Fenn's _Paston Letters_, 4to.
+vol. v. p. 73.)
+
+In 1542, letters reached Edinburgh on the fourth day from their despatch
+from London. (Sadler's _Letters and Negociations_.)
+
+In 1548, the rate to be charged for post-horse hire was fixed by statute (2
+& 3 Edw. VI. cap. 3.) at one penny per mile.
+
+In 1581 (according to Camden), Thomas Randolph was appointed the first
+Chief Postmaster of all England.
+
+James I. established (date unknown) the office of Foreign Postmaster, which
+was first held by Mathewe le Questor.
+
+In 1631, Charles I. appointed William Frizell and Thomas Witherings (in
+reversion) to the sole management of the foreign post-office. And at this
+date it seems a regular home post was also carried on, as appears by the
+following entry from the Corporation Books of Great Yarmouth:--"1631.
+Agreed, June 6, with the Postmaster of Ipswich to have Quarterly 20s. paid
+him for carrying and bringing letters to and from London to Yarmouth for
+the vse of the Towne."
+
+In 1635, Charles I. issued a proclamation for the establishment of "a
+running post or two, to {267} run night and day between Edinburgh and
+Scotland and the City of London, to go thither and come back again in six
+days:" branch posts were also to be established with all the principal
+towns on the road: the rates of postage were fixed at 2d. under 80 miles;
+4d. for 140 miles; 6d. beyond; and 8d. to Scotland. This is conclusive
+evidence that a regular post-office establishment existed nearly ten years
+_before Prideaux had anything to do with the post-office_.
+
+In 1640, a proclamation was issued by the Long Parliament, by which the
+offices of Foreign and Inland Postmaster (then held by Witherings) were
+sequestrated into the hands of one Philip Burlamachy, a city merchant. Soon
+after this we find a Committee of the Commons, with "Master Edmund
+Prideaux" for chairman, inquiring into the matter.
+
+In 1644, a resolution of the Commons declared that "Edmund Prideaux, Esq.,
+a member of the House," was "constituted master of the posts, messengers,
+and couriers."
+
+In 1649 Prideaux established a weekly conveyance to every part of the
+kingdom; and also appears to have introduced other judicious reforms and
+improvements,--indeed he seems to have been the Rowland Hill of those days;
+but he has not the slightest claim to be considered as the "Inventor of the
+Post-office." The mistake may have arisen from a misapprehension of the
+following statement frown Blackstone: "Prideaux first established a weekly
+conveyance of letters into all parts of the nation, _thereby saving to the
+public the charge of maintaining postmasters_, to the amount of 7000l. per
+annum."
+
+I have not been able to obtain any particulars of Prideaux's personal
+history.
+
+MERCURII.
+
+Jememutha Magna.
+
+_Edmund Prideaux and the First Post-office._--See the Appendix to the
+Report of the Secret Committee of the House of Commons on the Detaining and
+Opening of Letters at the Post-Office, 1844, which contains copies of
+numerous documents furnished by Mr. Lechmere and Sir Francis Palgrave.
+
+ARUN.
+
+    [We avail ourselves of this opportunity of inserting the following
+    extract from Mr. Rowland Hill's _Post-Office Reform; its Importance and
+    Practicability_, p. 86. of the third edition, published in 1837, as it
+    shows clearly the use which Mr. Rowland Hill made of the story in his
+    great work of Postage Reform; and that Miss Martineau had clearly no
+    authority for fathering the story in question upon that gentleman:--
+
+    "Coleridge tells a story which shows how much the Post-office is open
+    to fraud, in consequence of the option as to pre-payment which now
+    exists. The story is as follows:--
+
+    'One day, when I had not a shilling which I could spare, I was passing
+    by a cottage not far from Keswick, where a letter-carrier was demanding
+    a shilling for a letter, which the woman of the house appeared
+    unwilling to pay, and at last declined to take. I paid the postage, and
+    when the man was out of sight, she told me that the letter was from her
+    son, who took that means of letting her know that he was well; the
+    letter was _not to be paid for_. It was then opened and found to be
+    blank!'[1]
+
+    "This trick is so obvious a one that in all probability it is
+    extensively practised."]
+
+[Footnote 1: _Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of S. T.
+Coleridge_, vol. ii. p. 114.]
+
+The quotations of your correspondent G. P. P., from Polwhele's _Cornwall_,
+relate to the same individual, and a more general construction must, I
+think, be put upon the expression "our countryman," than that it inferred a
+native of the county. The family of Prideaux was one of great antiquity,
+and originated in Cornwall (their first seat being at Prideaux Castle
+there), and had estates there in the time of the above Edmund. His father,
+Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton (the first baronet), studied the law in
+the Inner Temple, where he became very eminent for his skill and learning.
+He is stated to have raised a large estate in the counties of Devon and
+Cornwall. He married  * * *; secondly, Catherine, daughter of Piers
+Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe, Esq., by whom he had two sons, Sir Peter his
+successor, and Edmund, the subject of your correspondent's Queries, who is
+thus described in Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, p. 509.:--
+
+    "This gentleman was bred to the law, and of so great a reputation, as
+    well for zeal to religion as skill in the law, it is not strange he was
+    chosen a Member of that which was called the Long Parliament, wherein
+    he became a very leading man; for, striking in with the prevailing
+    party of those times (though he never joined with them in setting upon
+    the life of his Sovereign), he grew up to great wealth and dignity. He
+    was made Commissioner of the Great Seal [1643. Rushworth, vol. iii. p.
+    242.], worth 1500l. a-year and by ordinance of Parliament practised
+    within the bar as one of the king's counsel, worth 5000l. per annum.
+    After that he was Attorney General, _worth what he pleased to make it_
+    [!!], and then _Postmaster General_ ... from all which rich employments
+    he acquired a great estate, and among other things purchased the _Abbey
+    of Ford_, lying in the Parish of Thorncombe, in Devonshire, where he
+    built a noble new house out of the ruins of the old," &c.
+
+Prideaux cannot be called the inventor of the Post-office, although to him
+may be attributed the extension of the system. The first inland letter
+office, which, however, extended to some of the principal roads only, was
+established by Charles I. in 1635, under the direction of Thomas
+Witherings, who was superseded in 1640. On the breaking out of the civil
+war, great confusion was occasioned in the conduct of the office, and about
+that time Prideaux's plan seems to have been conceived. {268} He was
+chairman of a committee in 1642 for considering the rates upon inland
+letters; and afterwards (1644) appointed Postmaster, in the execution of
+which office he first established a weekly conveyance of letters into all
+parts of the nation. Prior to this, letters were sent by special
+messengers, or postmasters, whose duty it was to supply relays of horses at
+a certain mileage. (_Blackstone_, book i. c. 8. s. 3.)
+
+I am unable to discover when Edmund Prideaux died; but it appears that
+either he, or one of his descendants, took part in the rising of the Duke
+of Monmouth in the West of England, upon which occasion the "great estate"
+was found of great service in providing a bribe for Lord Jeffreys. In the
+Life of Lord Jeffreys, annexed to the _Western Martyrology; or, Bloody
+Assizes_ (5th ed. 266. London, 1705), it is said that "A western
+gentleman's purchase came to fifteen or sixteen hundred guineas, which my
+Lord Chancellor had." And Rapin, vol. ii. p. 270., upon the authority of
+Echard, iii. p. 775., states that in 1685 one Mr. Prideaux, of Ford Abbey,
+Somerset, gave Jeffreys 14000l. [probably misprint for 1400l.] "to save his
+life."
+
+I think it likely that your correspondent may find further information upon
+the subject of this note, in the _Life of Dr. Humphrey Prideaux, Dean of
+Norwich_ (born 1648, died 1724), published in 1748.
+
+J. B. COLMAN.
+
+Eye, March 18. 1851.
+
+Polwhele was clearly wrong in designating Edmund Prideaux, the
+Attorney-General, a Cornishman, as he belonged to the family long seated in
+Devonshire, and was fourteenth in descent from Hickedon Prideaux, of
+Orcharton, in that county, second son of Nicholas, lord of Prideaux, in
+Cornwall, who died in 1169.
+
+The four Queries of G. P. P. may be more or less fully answered by
+reference to Prince's _Worthies of Devon_, ed. 1810, p. 651.; and an
+excellent history of the Post-office in the _Penny Magazine_ for 1834, p.
+33.
+
+Is it too much to ask of your correspondent, who writes from Putney under
+my initials, that he will be so good as to change his signature? I think
+that I have strong reasons for the request, but I will only urge that I was
+first in the field, under the designation which he has adopted.[2]
+
+J. D. S.
+
+[Footnote 2: [Would J. D. S. No 1, and J. D. S. No. 2, add the final letter
+of their respective names, _h n s y_, or whatever it may be, the difficulty
+may probably be avoided. We have now so many correspondents that
+coincidence of signature can scarcely be avoided.]]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADY JANE OF WESTMORELAND.
+
+(Vol. i., p. 103.; Vol. ii., p. 485.)
+
+_Jane_, Countess of Henry Neville, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland, was
+daughter of SIR ROGER CHOLMLEY, of Kinthorpe and Roxby, co. York. (_Vis.
+York. Harl. MS._ 1487. _fol._ 354.) She is often confused with his other
+wife, Anne Manners, and also with her own sister, Margaret Gascoigne, both
+in the Neville and Cholmley pedigrees as _printed_. (Burke's _Extinct
+Baronetage_, art. _Cholmley_, and _Extinct Peerage_, art. _Neville_.) But
+while the Manners pedigree in Collins's _Peerage_ (by Longmate, vol. i. p.
+433.), as cited by Q. D., removes the former difficulty, that of Gascoigne
+is disposed of by the Cholmley pedigree in Harl. MS. above quoted, as well
+as by that (though otherwise very incorrect) in Charlton's _Whitby_, book
+iii. pp. 290, 291. 313., and by the Gascoigne pedigree in Whitaker's
+_Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 77. Thus we possess _legal and cotemporary_
+evidence who JANE, Countess of _Henry_, _fifth_ Earl of Westmoreland,
+really was, without any authentic obstacle or unremoveable contradiction to
+its reception, viz. that she was a _Cholmley_.
+
+But I conceive your correspondent's identification is _totally_ erroneous.
+It is true he only puts an hypothesis on the subject; but this hypothesis
+has no solid foundation. In the first place, Henry, fifth Earl of
+Westmoreland, died in 1549; and all authorities seem to agree that his
+first wife was Anne Manners, and his second Cholmley's daughter. Thus, if
+either of his countesses were living in 1585, it must have been the
+_latter_, by which means all chance of appropriation is removed from
+Manners to Cholmley. But I shall now give reasons for contending that
+neither of these ladies was your correspondent's Countess of Westmoreland,
+by referring him (2ndly) to Longmate's _Collins's Peerage_, vol. i. p. 96.,
+where he will find that _Jane_, daughter of Henry Howard, the talented and
+accomplished Earl of Surry, married Charles Neville, _sixth_ Earl of
+Westmoreland. He has evidently passed her over, through seeing her called
+_Anne_ in the Neville pedigrees: "Anne" and "Jane" being often mutually
+misread in old writing, from the cross upon the initial letter of the last
+name.
+
+I offer it to your correspondent's consideration, whether his "Jane,
+Countess of Westmoreland," was not wife of the said Charles Neville,
+_sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, who was attainted 18 Eliz. (1575-6). His date
+is evidently most favourable to this view. It is true the attainder stands
+in the way; but if even this affords an obstacle, the next candidate for
+appropriation would be Jane _Cholmley_. Assuming, however, that your
+correspondent allows this lady as a candidate for the appropriation, her
+pedigree corroborates the claim. I have found, by long and minute
+observation, that hereditary talent, &c. usually descends by the _mesmeric_
+{269} tie of affection and favoritism, from fathers to the eldest daughter,
+and from mothers to the eldest son; and the pedigree of _Jane_, Countess of
+Charles, _sixth_ Earl of Westmoreland, stands thus:--
+
+  EDWARD STAFFORD, Duke of Buckingham; great,
+  good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to envy.==
+                                                     |
+                   ----------------------------------
+                   |
+  _1st Dau._ ELIZABETH, wife of Thomas Howard, third
+  Duke of Norfolk.  ==
+                     |
+                   ---
+                   |
+  _1st Son._ HENRY HOWARD, Earl of Surry, the poet;
+  great, good, and accomplished, and fell a victim to
+  envy == as physical heir of his mat. grandfather.
+       |
+       -------
+              |
+  _1st Dau._ JANE, wife of Charles Neville, sixth Earl of
+  Westmoreland (and qu. the authoress in question?).
+
+Besides being eldest daughter of the celebrated poet, the said Jane,
+Countess of Westmoreland, was sister of Henry Howard, the learned Earl of
+Northampton, her father's younger son--(some younger son, like eldest
+daughters, generally inheriting, physically, in some prominent feature,
+from the father).
+
+WILLIAM D'OYLY BAYLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. iii., pp. 60. 191.).--In addition to the information
+supplied by MR. FOSS, it may be mentioned that this manuscript is so called
+from having been referred to by Griesbach as the _Codex Ulmensis apud
+Gerbert_. This takes us to the _Iter Alemannicum, Italicum et Gallicum_ of
+Martin Gerbert, published in 1765, at p. 192. of which work he informs us,
+that in the year 1760 this manuscript was preserved at Ulm in the library
+of the family of Krafft, which consisted of 6000 volumes, printed and
+manuscript. Of its history from this period till it came into Bishop
+Butler's hands, I am ignorant. Its reference at present in the British
+Museum is _MSS. Add._ 11,852.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Father Maximilian Hell_ (Vol. iii., p. 167.).--A querist is in conscience
+bound to be a respondent; I therefore hasten to tell you that Dr. Watt
+(_Biblioth. Britan._ iv. MAGNETISM, ANIMAL) should have written _Hell_
+instead of _Hehl_. It was that eminent astronomer, Maximilian _Hell_, who
+supposed that magnets affected the human frame, and, at first, approved of
+Mesmer's views. The latter was at Vienna in 1774; and perhaps got some
+parts of his theory from Father Hell, of whom he was afterwards jealous,
+and therefore very abusive. The life of Hell in Dr. Aikin's _General
+Biography_ is an unsatisfactory compilation drawn up by Mr. W. Johnston, to
+whom we are indebted for the current barbarism _so-called_. In that account
+there is not one word on Hell's _Treatise on Arti__ficial Magnets_, Vienna,
+1763; in which the germ of animal magnetism may probably be found.
+
+ENGASTRIMYTHUS.
+
+_Meaning of "strained" as used by Shakspeare_ (Vol. iii., p. 185.).--The
+context of the passage quoted by L. S. explains the sense in which
+Shakspeare used the word "strain'd:"
+
+ "_Portia._ Then _must_ the Jew be merciful.
+  _Shylock._ On what _compulsion_ must I? tell me that.
+  _Portia._ The quality of mercy is not strain'd," &c.
+
+that is, there is nothing forced, nothing of compulsion in the quality of
+mercy.
+
+Johnson gives: "To strain, to force, to constrain."
+
+Q. D.
+
+L. S. will find his difficulty solved by Johnson's Dictionary (a work to
+which he himself refers), if he compares the following quotation with
+Portia's reply to Shylock:--
+
+ "He talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth
+  Is forced and strained," &c.
+
+EGDUF.
+
+    [We have also to thank, for replying to this Query, our correspondents
+    R. F., R. T. G. H., P. K., J. H. KERSHAW, C. M., Y., E. N. W., C. D.
+    LAMONT, and also MR. SNOW, who remarks that "actresses rarely commence
+    this speech satisfactorily, or give, or seem to feel, the point of
+    contrast between the _must_ and _no must_, the _compulsion_ and _no
+    compulsion_. In fact, the whole of it is usually mouthed out, without
+    much reference to Shylock or the play, as if it had been learned by
+    rote from a school speech-book. Hazlitt says, in his _Characters of
+    Shakspeare's Plays_, 'The speech about mercy is very well, but there
+    are a thousand finer ones in Shakspeare.'"]
+
+_Headings of Chapters in English Bibles_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--The
+summaries of the contents of each chapter, as found in the authorised
+editions of our English Bible, were prefixed by Miles Smith, bishop of
+Gloucester, one of the original translators, who also wrote the preface,
+and, in conjunction with Bishop Bilson, finally reviewed the whole work.
+Your correspondent will find full answers to his other queries in
+Stackhouse and Tomlins; in Johnson's _History of English Translations_,
+&c.; and in T. H. Horne's _Introduction_.
+
+COWGILL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The author of _The History of the Church of Rome to the end of the
+Episcopate of Damasus_, A.D. 384, which has just been published by Messrs.
+Longman, well remarks, "that he is not aware that there is any account of
+the Church of Rome, framed on the simple and obvious principle of merely
+collecting and arranging the testimony of history with regard to facts, and
+so presented to the reader as that he should leave a right to believe that
+when he has read what is before him, he {270} has learnt all that is to
+known. This is strange, considering the points at issue, and the extent,
+duration, and intensity of the controversies which have been carried on
+between that Church and the rest of Christendom." It is indeed strange, and
+it happens fortunately, looking at the all-important question which now
+agitates the public mind, that the subject should have engaged for some
+years the attention of a learned, acute, and laborious scholar like Mr.
+Shepherd, so that he is enabled to put forth the result of his inquiries
+upon this interesting topic at this moment. Mr. Shepherd's book is indeed a
+startling one: and when we tell our readers that he "has proved, or, to say
+the least, has given such indications as will lead to the proof that some
+documents which have been quoted as authorities in the History of the Early
+Christian Church, are neither genuine nor authentic;" that he has pretty
+well resolved St. Cyprian into a purely mythic personage; and shown that
+all the letters in his works passed between imagined or imaginary
+correspondents,--we think we are justified in pronouncing his _History of
+the Church of Rome_ a work calculated to excite the deepest interest in all
+who peruse it (and by the omission of all long quotations in the learned
+languages, it is adapted for the perusal of all), to exercise great
+influence on the public mind, and to awaken a host of endeavours to combat
+and overthrow arguments which appear to us, however, to be irresistible.
+
+The Council of the Shakspeare Society has just issued to the members the
+first volume for the present year. It contains _Two Historical Plays on the
+Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, by Thomas Heywood_, which are very ably
+edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Mr. Collier; and we have no
+doubt will be very acceptable; first, from the interest of the plays
+themselves, the second of which appears to have been extremely popular;
+and, lastly, as a further instalment towards a complete collection of
+Heywood's dramatic works.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell on Tuesday and Wednesday next a
+valuable portion of the Library of a gentleman, including the late Charles
+Mathews' copy of the Second Shakspeare; a valuable series of works on
+Annuities, &c.; and another on the History and Antiquities of London.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Supplement on the Doctrine and Discipline of the Greek
+Church._ We characterised Mr. Appleyard's interesting little volume,
+entitled, _The Greek Church_, as historical rather than doctrinal. The
+title of this Supplement shows that it expressly supplies the very material
+in which the original work was deficient.--_Archaeologia Cambrensis, New
+Series, No. VI._ A very good number of this record of the Antiquities of
+Wales and its Marches, and in which are commenced two series of papers of
+great interest to the Principality: one on the Architectural Antiquities of
+Monmouthshire, by Mr. Freeman; the other on the Poems of Taliessin, by Mr.
+Stephens.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--W. Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part 52. of
+Valuable Second-hand Books, Ancient and Modern;--Cole's (15. Great
+Turnstile, Holborn) List No. 33. of very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16.
+Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 27. of Antiquarian,
+Historical, Heraldic, Numismatic, and Topographical Books; Charles Skeet's
+(21. King William Street, Strand) List No. 2. of Miscellaneous Books just
+purchased.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+  WOOD'S ATHENAE, by Bliss. Vol. 3. 4to.
+
+  DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. Vols. 2. and 4. 4to.
+
+  NICHOLS' LITERARY ANECDOTES. Vol. 4. 8vo. 1812.
+
+  MEDE'S WORKS, by Worthington. 1664. Fol. Vol. 1.
+
+  DODD'S CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. 2. Fol. edition.
+
+  WARBURTON'S (BISHOP) WORKS. 4to. edition. Vol. 1.
+
+  A MIRROR FOR MATHEMATICS, by Robert Tanner, Gent. London, 1587.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We are reluctantly compelled, by want of room, to postpone until next
+week_ MR. SINGER'S _Paper on a passage in Shakspeare's_ Anthony and
+Cleopatra; _one by_ MR. DAWSON TURNER _on the Authors of the Rolliad; and
+many other interesting communications._
+
+CROMWELL'S DEVLINGS WITH THE DEVIL. S. H. H. _is thanked for the curious
+MS. he has forwarded upon this subject, which shall appear next week, when
+the original shall be carefully returned. We should be glad to see the
+other paper referred to by_ S. H. H.
+
+A. L. _is thanked. The only reason for the non-appearance of any of his
+communications is, that they were not sent_ separately, _and we have not
+had time to make a selection. We take this opportunity of again begging
+correspondents who write to us on several subjects to oblige us by writing
+on separate papers; and_ (_which does not refer to_ A. L.) _by writing_
+plainly, _more particularly_ proper names _and_ quotations.
+
+K. R. H. M. _Received._
+
+NOCAB _has our very best thanks for his kind letter, and his endeavours to
+increase our circulation. We are endeavouring to arrange for a permanent
+enlargement of our paper, and propose shortly to make use of_ NOCAB'S
+_communication and valuable hint._
+
+SING'S _reminder, that Saturday last, the 29th of March, was "the centenary
+anniversary of the death of Captain Coram, the worthy founder of the
+Foundling," reached us too late for us to call attention to it._
+
+MR. A. J. DUNKIN'S _communication on the subject of his proposed_ Monumenta
+Anglicana _shall have our early attention._
+
+KERRIENSIS _is thanked for several interesting communications of which we
+propose to make an early use._
+
+_Will_ L. M. M. R. _send his address? The book he wants has been reported
+to the publisher._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Mathew's Med. Passage--San Grail--Nettle in. &c.--The
+Tanthony--Treatise by Engelbert--Circulation of the Blood--Sir A.
+Chadwick--Rowley Powley--Langholme Fair--Epitaph on a Turncoat--Gig
+Hill--Damasked Linen--Endeavour--Meaning of Strained--Rack--Daughter of
+James II.--Snail-eating--Munchausen's Travels--Mitre, &c.--Cloven
+Tongues--"Going the whole hog"--Expression in Milton--Haybands in
+Seals--King John at Lincoln--Handbell--Vineyards--Mazer Wood._
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price
+9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c. are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+_Errata._--P. 236, Col. 2. l. 26, for _Hanse town_ read _hamlet_; p. 238,
+col. 1. l. 27, for "_cr_atus" read "_n_atus"; p. 217, col. 1. l. 29. for
+"Cou_n_t" read "Cou_r_t"; p. 250, col. 1. l. 4, for "_T_edley" read
+"_S_edley," col. 2. l. 23, for "tant_us_" read "tant_as_."
+
+{271}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On the 31st of March was commenced the Publication of a
+
+NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY,
+
+In Monthly Volumes, each containing Three Hundred and Twenty Pages, and
+from Thirty to a Hundred Engravings,
+
+Price Half-a-Crown, Beautifully Bound.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Age in which we live is essentially of a _practical_ character, and the
+predominant principle influencing all classes is a marked desire for
+_cheapness_. Cheapness, however, is too often found without excellence, and
+hence this proposition to supply a deficiency at present existing in the
+popular literature of this country.
+
+For some time past the projectors of the present undertaking have felt
+interested in watching the result of an experiment simultaneously made by
+the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Book Trades; and, having seen that cheap,
+and occasionally indifferent literature, "got up" in a most inferior
+manner, _will sell_, they feel assured that good and judiciously selected
+works, having the additional advantage of COPIOUS ILLUSTRATION, being
+produced with the utmost attention to general excellence, and published at
+the moderate price fixed upon, cannot fail to secure extensive patronage
+from the Reading Public. The principle upon which they can undertake to
+supply good books at a low rate is, that being themselves the _actual
+producers_, they are enabled to save the public the expense of all
+_intermediate profit_.
+
+As a practical explanation of the above views, THREE SAMPLE VOLUMES of the
+"NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY" were published on the 31st of March. It will
+be observed that these volumes are widely different in character, in order
+that the public may form some idea of the extent and variety of the series
+generally. Afterwards, one volume will be issued monthly. Each volume will
+contain at least 320 crown octavo pages, illustrated according to the
+requirements of the subject-matter, by from 30 to 100 illustrations, and
+will be _strongly bound_ in ornamental cloth boards. Thus, for 30s. a year,
+in the course of a short period, a Library of great extent and interest may
+be formed, which shall furnish materials for instruction and amusement
+during the course of a long life.
+
+The chief advantages which this series of works will present over all
+others--more especially the closely printed double column editions, and the
+new fashioned, though equally objectionable, Shilling books, with their
+numerous errors, thin paper, and flimsy binding, are the following:--
+
+  1. A carefully Revised Text.
+  2. Judicious Explanatory Foot Notes.
+  3. Engravings really Illustrating the Text.
+  4. A new and legible Type.
+  5. Good Paper and Printing.
+  6. Strong neat Binding.
+
+In carrying out their undertaking it will be the endeavour of the
+projectors to bestow upon Half-crown Volumes for the _many_ the same
+typographical accuracy, and the same artistic ability, hitherto almost
+exclusively devoted to high-priced books for the _few_. Supported by the
+co-operation of the Reading Public, no pains will be spared to provide
+every English home with a complete treasury of knowledge and entertainment
+in the volumes of the "NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following are the Volumes which appeared on the 31st of March,
+
+BOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, VOL. I.
+
+THE BOOK OF ENGLISH SONGS.
+
+THE BURIED CITY OF THE EAST--NINEVEH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Office of the ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, 198. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, No. VII., price 2s. 6d., imperial 4to.
+
+DETAILS of GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing Examples,
+by J. K. COLLING, Architect.--CONTENTS: Eastern side of Altar Screen,
+Beverley Minster; Details from ditto; Our compartment of Nave, Austrey
+Church, Warwickshire; Clerestory and Aisle windows from ditto; Buttresses
+from ditto. (Continued monthly.)
+
+GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, New Edition, 4to cloth, price 25s.
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS of the REMAINS of ROMAN ART in CIRENCESTER, the SITE of
+ANTIENT CORINIUM. By Professor BUCKMAN, F.L.S., &c., and C. H. NEWMARCH.
+Esq. Containing Plates by DE LA MOTTE, of the magnificent Tessellated
+Pavements discovered in August and September, 1849, with copies of the
+grand heads of Ceres, Flora, and Pomona, reduced by the Talbotype from
+fac-simile tracings of the original; together with various other Plates and
+numerous Wood Engravings.
+
+Cirencester: BAILY AND JONES; London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HARDWICK'S HISTORY OF THE ARTICLES.
+
+In 8vo., 10s. 6d.,
+
+A HISTORY of the ARTICLES of RELIGION; to which is added a SERIES of
+DOCUMENTS, from A.D. 1536 to A.D. 1615; together with Illustrations from
+Contemporary Sources. By CHARLES HARDWICK, M. A., Fellow of St. Catherine's
+Hall, Cambridge, and Whitehall Preacher.
+
+RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo Place; and DEIGHTON,
+Cambridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Second Edition, Now Ready, Price 3s. 6d.,
+
+THE NUPTIALS of BARCELONA: A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish Tyranny.
+By R. N. DUNDBAR.
+
+    "This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of
+    description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well
+    calculated to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of
+    the day."--_Sunday Times._
+
+SAUNDERS and OTLEY, Publishers, Conduit Street.
+
+{272}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS.
+
+YEAST: a PROBLEM. Reprinted, with Additions and Alterations, from FRASER'S
+MAGAZINE. 9s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HISTORY OF MOHAMMEDANISM AND ITS SECTS. By W. COOKE TAYLOR, LL.D. Third and
+Cheaper Edition. 4s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GREGORY OF NAZIANZUM: a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical History of the
+Fourth Century. By PROFESSOR ULLMANN. Translated by G. V. COX, M.A. 6s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIVING. By HERBERT MAYO, M.D., late Senior Surgeon to the
+Middlesex Hospital. Third and Cheaper Edition, with Additions. 5s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHEMISTRY OF FIRE, AIR, EARTH, AND WATER: an Essay, founded upon Lectures
+delivered before the Queen. By T. GRIFFITHS, Professor of Chemistry in St.
+Bartholomew's Hospital. With numerous Illustrations, Second Edition. 4s.
+6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DE OBLIGATIONE CONSCIENTIAE PRAELECTIONES DECEM OXONII IN SCHOLA THEOLOGICA
+HABITAE. A ROBERTO SANDERSON, S. Theologicae Ibidem Pofessore Regio. Edited
+for the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press. With English Notes,
+including an abridged Translation, by W. WHEWELL, D.D., Master of Trinity
+College. 9s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE EARLY PROGRESS of the GOSPEL: being the Hulsean Lectures for 1850. By
+W. G. HUMPHRY, B.D., Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of London. 8vo.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORD'S APOSTLES. By A COUNTRY PASTOR. 3s.
+6d.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+LECTURES ON SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING GOOD AND EVIL ANGELS. 3s. 6d.
+
+VIEW OF THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING A FUTURE STATE. 5s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LAWS OF ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY. By RICHARD HOOKER. The First Book. 1s. 6d.
+
+The present reprint was proposed by the editor--a master in a large public
+school--with a view of reading it with his boys. There is, so far as he is
+aware, no English book in common use in schools which at all sets forth the
+distinctions of Laws and the foundations on which their authority is based;
+and perhaps none could be found better calculated to meet this want than
+that which is here offered.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BRAMPTON RECTORY; or, the LESSON OF LIFE. Second Edition. 8s. 6d.
+
+By the same Author, 8s. 6d.
+
+COMPTON MERIVALE: another Leaf from the LESSON OF LIFE.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 3d., the April No. of the
+
+BRITISH CONTROVERSIALIST.
+
+      CONTENTS:
+
+  THE ART OF REASONING:--
+    The Doctrine of the Syllogism.
+  CONTROVERSY:--
+    Is Mesmerism true?
+    Was Oliver Cromwell a first-rate General, a Great Statesman, and a
+        Sincere Man?
+    The R. C. Hierarchy, ought it to be interdicted?
+    Have the Working Classes been benefited by Machinery?
+  SOCIETIES SECTION:--
+    The Art of Public Speaking
+    Reports of Lectures and Meetings.
+  THE INQUIRER:--
+    Questions requiring Answers.
+    Answers to Questions.
+    French without a Master.
+    German and Italian Grammars.
+    Chemistry.
+    Astronomy.
+    Improvement of the Memory, &c.
+  THE YOUNG STUDENT AND WRITER'S ASSISTANT:--
+    Essays and Exercises.
+  NOTICES OF BOOKS.
+
+_"It is unique in its design, able in its execution, and vast and noble in
+its object."--Leamington Courier._
+
+HOULSTON & STONEMAN, and all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, in One Volume, post 8vo., price 3s. 6d. cloth,
+
+REMONSTRANCE AGAINST ROMISH CORRUPTIONS IN THE CHURCH: addressed to the
+People and Parliament of England in 1395, 18 RIC. II. Now for the first
+time published. Edited by the Rev. J. FORSHALL, F.R.S., &c., formerly
+Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, in One large Volume, 8vo. price 14s. cloth.
+
+THE HISTORY of the CHURCH of ROME, to the End of the Episcopate of Damasus,
+A.D. 384. By EDWARD JOHN SHEPHERD, A.M. Rector of Luddesdown.
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ., F.S.A.
+
+This day is published, in 2 vo's, 8vo.,
+
+NARRATIVES OF MAGIC AND SORCERY. By THOMAS WRIGHT, Esq., F.S.A., Author of
+"England under the House of Hanover, illustrated by the Caricatures and
+Satires of the Day."
+
+RICHARD BENTLEY, New Burlington Street, (Publisher in Ordinary to Her
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+
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+London: J. W. PARKER, West Strand.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 5. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 75, April 5,
+1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
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