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<a href="#startoftext">Y Gododin, by Aneurin</a>
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<pre>
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Title: Y Gododin
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<p><a name="startoftext"></a></p>
<p>Transcribed by David Price, email ccx074@coventry.ac.uk</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines3"><br /><br /><br /></div>
<h1>Y GODODIN</h1>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines3"><br /><br /><br /></div>
<h2>PREFACE</h2>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines2"><br /><br /></div>
<p>Aneurin, the author of this poem, was the son of Caw, lord of Cwm
Cawlwyd, or Cowllwg, a region in the North, which, as we learn from
a Life of Gildas in the monastery of Fleury published by Johannes a
Bosco, comprehended Arecluta or Strath Clyde. <a name="citation0a"></a><a href="#footnote0a">{0a}</a>
Several of his brothers seem to have emigrated from Prydyn in company
with their father before the battle of Cattraeth, and, under the royal
protection of Maelgwn Gwynedd, to have settled in Wales, where they
professed religious lives, and became founders of churches. He
himself, however, remained behind, and having been initiated into the
mysteries of Bardism, formed an intimate acquaintance with Owen, Cian,
Llywarch Hen, and Taliesin, all likewise disciples of the Awen.
By the rules of his order a Bard was not permitted ordinarily to bear
arms, <a name="citation0b"></a><a href="#footnote0b">{0b}</a> and though
the exceptional case, in which he might act differently, may be said
to have arisen from “the lawlessness and depredation” <a name="citation0c"></a><a href="#footnote0c">{0c}</a>
of the Saxons, Aneurin does not appear to have been present at Cattraeth
in any other capacity than that of a herald Bard. Besides the
absence of any intimation to the contrary, we think the passages where
he compares Owen to himself, and where he makes proposals at the conference,
and above all where he attributes his safety to his “gwenwawd,”
conclusive on the subject. His heraldic character would be recognised
by all nations, according to the universal law of warfare, whereas it
is very improbable that any poetic effusion which he might have delivered,
could have influence upon a people whose language differed so materially
from his own.</p>
<p>The Gododin was evidently composed when the various occurrences that
it records were as yet fresh in the author’s mind and recollection.
It is divided into stanzas, which, though they now amount to only ninety-seven,
are supposed to have originally corresponded in point of number with
the chieftains that went to Cattraeth. This is strongly intimated
in the declaration subjoined to Gorchan Cynvelyn, and cited in the notes
at page 86, and thence would we infer that the Gorchanau themselves
are portions of the Gododin, having for their object the commemoration
of the persons whose names they bear. Of course all of them, with
the exception of the short one of Adebon, contain passages that have
been transposed from other stanzas, which may account for their disproportionate
lengths. This is especially the case with Gorchan Maelderw, the
latter, and by far the greater portion whereof, is in the Carnhuanawc
MS. detached from the former, and separately entitled “Fragments
of the Gododin and other pieces of the sixth century.” That
they were “incantations,” cannot be admitted; and if the
word “gorchan,” or “gwarchan” mean here anything
except simply “a canon, or fundamental part of song,” we
should be inclined to consider it as synonymous with “gwarthan,”
and to suppose that the poems in question referred to the camps of Adebon,
Maelderw, and Cynvelyn:-</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“Gwarchan Cynvelyn ar Ododin.” <a name="citation0d"></a><a href="#footnote0d">{0d}</a></p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>According to the tenor of the Cynvelyn statement, every stanza would
bring before us a fresh hero. This principle we have not overlooked
in the discrimination and arrangements of proper names, though owing
to evident omissions and interpolations, an irregularity in this respect
occasionally and of necessity occurs.</p>
<p>Aneurin, like a true poet of nature, abstains from all artful introduction
or invocation, and launches at once into his subject. His eye
follows the gorgeously and distinctively armed chiefs, as they move
at the head of their respective companies, and perform deeds of valour
on the bloody field. He delights to enhance by contrast their
domestic and warlike habits, and frequently recurs to the pang of sorrow,
which the absence of the warriors must have caused to their friends
and relatives at home, and reflects with much genuine feeling upon the
disastrous consequences, that the loss of the battle would entail upon
these and their dear native land. And though he sets forth his
subject in the ornamental language of poetry, yet he is careful not
to transgress the bounds of truth. This is strikingly instanced
in the manner in which he names no less than four witnesses as vouchers
for the correctness of his description of Caradawg. Herein he
produces one of the “three agreements that ought to be in a song,”
viz. an agreement “between truth and the marvellous.” <a name="citation0e"></a><a href="#footnote0e">{0e}</a></p>
<p>He also gives “relish to his song,” <a name="citation0f"></a><a href="#footnote0f">{0f}</a>
by adopting “a diversity of structure in the metre;” for
the lyric comes in occasionally to relieve the solemnity of the heroic,
whilst at the same time the latter is frequently capable of being divided
into a shorter verse, a plan which has been observed in one of the MSS.
used on the present occasion; e. g. the twelfth stanza is thus arranged,
-</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>Gwyr a aeth Gattraeth gan ddydd<br /> Neus
goreu } gywilydd<br /> O gadeu }<br /> Wy
gwnaethant } gelorwydd<br /> Yn geugant
}<br /> A llafn aur llawn anawdd ym bedydd<br /> Goreu
yw hyn cyn cystlwn carennydd<br /> Ennaint
creu} oe henydd<br /> Ac angeu}<br /> Rhag
byddin} pan fu ddydd<br /> Wawdodyn
}<br /> Neus goreu dan bwylliad neirthiad gwychydd.</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>But though Aneurin survived the battle of Cattraeth to celebrate
the memory of his less fortunate countrymen in this noble composition,
he also ultimately met with a violent death. The Triads relate
that he was killed by the blow of an axe, inflicted upon his head by
Eiddin son of Einigan, which event was in consequence branded as one
of “the three accursed deeds of the Isle of Britain.” <a name="citation0g"></a><a href="#footnote0g">{0g}</a></p>
<p>His memory, however, lived in the Gododin, and the estimation in
which the poem was held by his successors has earned for him the title
of “medeyrn beirdd,” the king of Bards. Davydd Benvras
1190-1240, prays for that genius which would enable him</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“To sing praises as Aneurin of yore,<br />The day he sang the
Gododin. <a name="citation0h"></a><a href="#footnote0h">{0h}</a></p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>Risserdyn 1290-1340 in an Ode to Hywel ab Gruffydd speaks of</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“A tongue with the eloquence of Aneurin of splendid song.”
<a name="citation0i"></a><a href="#footnote0i">{0i}</a></p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>And Sevnyn 1320-1378 asserts that</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“The praise of Aneurin is proclaimed by thousands.” <a name="citation0j"></a><a href="#footnote0j">{0j}</a></p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>Such is the language in which the mediæval Bards were accustomed
to talk of the author of the Gododin.</p>
<p>The basis of the present translation is a MS. on vellum apparently
of about the year 1200. In that MS. the lines are all written
out to the margin, without any regard to the measure. Capital
letters are never introduced but at the beginning of paragraphs, where
they are ornamented and coloured alternately red and green. At
page 20 Gwilym Tew and Rhys Nanmor <a name="citation0k"></a><a href="#footnote0k">{0k}</a>
are mentioned as the owners of the Book, but the names are written in
a hand, and with letters more modern than the MS. It at one time
belonged to Mr. Jones the Historian of Brecknockshire, and came latterly
into the possession of the late Rev. T. Price, with whose Executrix,
Mrs. E. Powell of Abergavenny, it now remains. The author of the
Celtic Researches took a transcript of it, which he communicated to
the Rev. W. J. Rees, of Cascob, who had previously copied the said transcript
by the permission of the Rev. E. Davies. Mr. Rees’s copy
was afterwards collated by Dr. Meyer with Mr. Davies’s transcript,
and the only inaccuracy which had crept in was by him carefully corrected.
Dr. Meyer again transcribed Mr. Rees’s copy for the use of the
present work, and that version in its turn has been collated by Mr.
Rees, during the progress of the work through the press, with the transcript
in his possession. To these two gentlemen the translator is under
deep obligations.</p>
<p>Also to Mr. Owen Williams of Waunfawr, for the loan of three other
manuscript copies of the Gododin. Two of them occur in the same
book, which purports to have been a transcript made by the Rev. David
Ellis, the first part, A.D. 1775 of an old book, the second part, June
7, 1777, of a book supposed to have been written by Sion Brwynog about
the year 1550. In these versions the stanzas are not divided.
The third version appears in a book containing a variety of poems and
articles in prose, of which, however, the writer or copyist is not known,
though one “Davydd Thomas” is mentioned in a poor modern
hand as being the owner. Our poem is therein headed “Y Gododin.
Aneurin ae cant. Gydâ nodau y Parchedig Evan Evans.”
These “nodau” are marginal notes, and evidently the different
readings of another version.</p>
<p>The different copies or versions used are distinguished as follow;
-</p>
<p>Myvyrian ... 1<br />D. Ellis ... 2<br />Ditto ... 3<br />D. Thomas
... 4<br />E. Evans ... 5<br />P. Panton ... 6<br />E. Davies ... 7<br />Dr.
Meyer ... 8</p>
<p>Nos 1 and 6 are those which are printed in the Archaiology of Wales,
vol. i. All words that differ in form or meaning, though not in
orthography, from those of No. 7, are duly arranged at the foot of the
page <a name="citation0l"></a><a href="#footnote0l">{0l}</a>, from which
it will be seen that 1, 2, 3, 5, generally agree one with the other,
whilst 4 and 6 also for the most part go together.</p>
<p>It is to be observed, moreover, that though we have taken No. 7 as
our text, we have not servilely confined ourself to it, but that wherever
any of the other versions have been considered preferable, we have unhesitatingly
adopted them. The different meanings, however, are generally inserted
in the notes.</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines2"><br /><br /></div>
<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines2"><br /><br /></div>
<p>The country situate between the Humber and the Clyde in North Britain
was, for the most part, originally occupied by the Cymry, who here,
as well as in the west, displayed no mean valour in opposition to the
Roman arms. The latter certainly prevailed; nevertheless it is
to be noticed that they did not finally destroy, nor indeed to any material
extent alter the national features of Prydyn. This is evident
from the manner in which the conquerors thought fit to incorporate into
their own geographical vocabulary many of the local names, which they
found already in use; and above all from the purely ancestral character
which the native chieftains exhibited on emerging from the Roman ruins
in the fifth century. Indeed to permit the defeated princes, under
certain restrictions, to enjoy their former rights and jurisdictions,
was perfectly in accordance with the usual policy of the Romans, as
we may learn from the testimony of Tacitus, who remarks, in reference
to the British king Cogidunus, that they granted to him certain states
according to ancient custom, and the reason assigned is that they might
have even kings as instruments of slavery. <a name="citation1a"></a><a href="#footnote1a">{1a}</a>
The homage of the subjugated provinces seems to have consisted principally
in the payment of a tribute of money, and the furnishing of soldiers
for foreign service.</p>
<p>Such, no doubt, was the position of Cunedda Wledig, who “began
to reign about A.D. 328, and died in 389”; <a name="citation1b"></a><a href="#footnote1b">{1b}</a>and
who, according to the Historia Britonum attributed to Nennius, “venerat
de parte sinistrali, id est, de regione quæ vocatur Manau Guotodin,”
<a name="citation1c"></a><a href="#footnote1c">{1c}</a> the heights
of Gododin, and the same apparently with the territory of the Ottadeni.</p>
<p>In the Myvyrian Archaiology, v. 1, p. 71, is printed an Elegy on
Cunedda, the work of one who had actually partaken of his royal munificence,
who had received from him “milch cows, horses, wine, oil, and
a host of slaves.” The writer with respect to the martial
prowess of his patron, observes,</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“Trembling with fear of Cunedda,<br />Will be Caer Weir and
Caer Liwelydd.”</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>And again,</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“A hundred times ere his shield was shattered in battle,<br />Bryneich
obeyed his commands in the conflict.”</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>The modern names of the localities, mentioned in these extracts,
are respectively Warwick, Carlisle <a name="citation2a"></a><a href="#footnote2a">{2a}</a>
and Bernicia. The two latter are in the immediate vicinity of
the Ottadeni; the former, being further removed, would indicate the
direction and extent of his arms.</p>
<p>From other sources we learn that Cunedda was the son of Edeyrn ab
Padarn Peisrudd, by Gwawl, daughter of Coel Godebog, and that he was
entitled, in right of his mother, to certain territories in Wales.
When these were invaded by the Gwyddyl, his sons, twelve in number,
left their northern home for the purpose of recovering the same, in
which they were successful, though the enemy was not finally extirpated
until the battle at Cerrig y Gwyddyl, in the succeeding generation.
It is asserted by some that Cunedda accompanied his sons in this expedition,
and that it was undertaken as much through inability to retain possession
of their more immediate dominions, as from the desire of acquiring or
regaining other lands. However, though the sons settled in Wales
and on its borders, it is more accordant with the drift of the Poem,
already cited, to suppose that Cunedda himself died in the North.
Nevertheless, it is undoubted that the native chieftains began to suffer
in that part of the island from barbarian incursions even before the
departure of the Romans. Thus Ammianus Marcellinus, with reference
to the year 364, bears testimony, that “the Picts and Saxons and
Scots and Attacots harassed the Britons with continual oppressions.”
<a name="citation2b"></a><a href="#footnote2b">{2b}</a></p>
<p>The final abandonment of the island by the Romans occurred, according
to Zosimus, about A.D. 408 or 409, at which time the native princes
arose to the full enjoyment of feudal dignity and power. In the
North, among others, we find Pabo Post Prydain, a descendant of Coel
Godebog in the 4th degree, and Cynvarch Oer, a member of another branch
of the same family; both of whom, however, were compelled by the inroads
of the predatory hordes, to leave their territories and seek refuge
in Wales, though it would appear that Urien, son of the latter, succeeded
subsequently in recovering his paternal dominion.</p>
<p>The struggle continued, and the enemies had gradually extended themselves
along the coasts, when in 547 they received an important reinforcement
by the arrival of Ida with forty ships. Gododin, Deivyr, and Bryneich,
being situated on the eastern shore, would be especially exposed to
the ravages of these marauders. Indeed it does not appear that
Gododin ever recovered its pristine independence after the death of
Cunedda, at least we do not hear that any of his sons subsequently asserted
their claims to it, or had anything to do with the administration of
its government: they all seem to have ended their days in their western
dominions. Deivyr and Bryneich, however, were more fortunate,
for we find that they were ruled as late as the 6th century by British
monarchs, among whom are named Gall, Diffedell, and Disgyrnin, the sons
of Disgyvyndawd; <a name="citation3a"></a><a href="#footnote3a">{3a}</a>
though there is reason to believe that at that time they were in treacherous
alliance with the Saxons. A Triad positively affirms, that “there
were none of the Lloegrwys who did not coalesce with the Saxons, save
such as were found in Cornwall, and in the Commot of Carnoban in Deivyr
and Bryneich.” <a name="citation3b"></a><a href="#footnote3b">{3b}</a>
And it is a remarkable fact, as corroborative of this statement, that
the Cymry ever after, as may be seen in the works of the Bards, applied
the term Bryneich to such of their kindred as joined with the enemies
of their country.</p>
<p>Certain it is, that, at the period of our Poem, the people of the
three provinces in question were open enemies of the Cymry, as appears
from stanzas iii, v, and ix. When we see there how the Bard commends
one hero for not yielding to the army of Gododin, and celebrates the
praise of another who committed an immense slaughter amongst the men
of Deivyr and Bryneich, and threatens, in the case of a third party,
that if they were suspected of leaning to the Bernician interest, he
would himself raise his hand against them, we can come to no other conclusion
than that those countries were arrayed against the Cymry when the battle
of Cattraeth took place.</p>
<p>Ida had to encounter a powerful opponent in the person of Urien,
king of Rheged, a district in or near which Cattraeth lay, as we infer
from two poems of Taliesin. Thus, one entitled “Gwaith Gwenystrad,”
commences with the words,</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“Extol the men of Cattraeth, who, with the dawn,<br />Went
with their victorious leader<br />Urien, a renowned elder.” <a name="citation3c"></a><a href="#footnote3c">{3c}</a></p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>In the other, called “Yspail Taliesin,” Urien is styled
“Glyw Cattraeth,” the ruler of Cattraeth. <a name="citation4a"></a><a href="#footnote4a">{4a}</a>
At the same time he is generally spoken of under the title of Rheged’s
chief.</p>
<p>The leader of the hostile forces in the battle of Gwenystrad is not
named, but in the battle of Argoed Llwyvein we find him to be Flamddwyn
or the Torch bearer, a name by which the Britons delighted to designate
the formidable Ida. Flamddwyn’s army on this occasion consisted
of four legions, which reached from Argoed to Arvynydd, and against
them were arrayed the men of Goddeu and Rheged, under the command of
Ceneu ab Coel, and Owain, and “Urien the prince.”</p>
<p>Argoed, bordering on Deivyr and Bryneich, was ruled by Llywarch Hen,
who after his abdication and flight into Powys, pathetically records
the loyal attachment of his former subjects, -</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>“The men of Argoed have ever supported me.” <a name="citation4b"></a><a href="#footnote4b">{4b}</a></p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines1"><br /></div>
<p>The Historia Britonum enumerates three other kings, who with Urien
fought against the Saxons in the North, viz., Rhydderch, Gwallawg, and
Morgant, though the latter, under the impulse of envy, procured the
assassination of Urien, in the Isle of Lindisfarne.</p>
<p>After the Saxons had finally established themselves on the eastern
coast, in the forementioned countries, an immense rampart, extending
nearly from the Solway to the Frith of Forth, was erected, either with
the view of checking their further progress westward, or else by mutual
consent of the two nations, as a mere line of demarcation between their
respective dominions. This wall cannot have an earlier date, for
it runs through the middle of the country originally occupied by the
Gadeni, and could not of course have been constructed as a boundary
by them; nor can it be referred to a more recent period, as there could
be no reason for forming such a fence after the Saxons had intruded
upon the whole country which it divides. This was the famous CATRAIL,
which we presume to be identical with CATTRAETH, where the disastrous
battle of that name, as sung by Aneurin, was fought.</p>
<p>Catrail means literally “the war fence” (cad-rhail),
but on the supposition that it is synonymous with Cattraeth, the rhyme
in the Gododin would determine the latter to be the correct term, or
that by which Aneurin distinguished the line. The meaning of Cattraeth
would be either “the war tract” (cad-traeth), or “the
legal war fence” (cad-rhaith); the latter of which would give
some countenance to the idea that it was formed by mutual agreement.</p>
<p>The whole course of the Catrail, which may be traced from the vicinity
of Galashiels to Peel-fell, is upwards of forty five miles. The
most entire parts of it show that it was originally a broad and deep
fosse; having on each side a rampart, which was formed of the natural
soil, that was thrown from the ditch, intermixed with some stones.
Its dimensions vary in different places, which may be owing to its remains
being more or less perfect. In those parts where it is pretty
entire, the fosse is twenty seven, twenty six, and twenty five feet
broad. But in those places where the rampart has been most demolished
the fosse only measures twenty two and a half feet, twenty and eighteen,
and in one place only sixteen feet wide. As the ramparts sloped
on the inside, it is obvious that in proportion as they were demolished,
the width of the fosse within would be diminished. In some of
the most entire parts the ramparts are from six to seven, and even nine
or ten feet high, and from eight to ten and twelve feet thick.
They are, no doubt, less now than they were originally, owing to the
effects of time and tillage. <a name="citation5a"></a><a href="#footnote5a">{5a}</a></p>
<p>Such is the Catrail, and were it identical with Cattraeth, we should
naturally expect to meet with some allusions to a work of that description
in the body of the Poem. Nor are we herein disappointed, for the
expressions “ffosawd,” <a name="citation5b"></a><a href="#footnote5b">{5b}</a>
“clawdd,” <a name="citation5c"></a><a href="#footnote5c">{5c}</a>
“ffin,” <a name="citation5d"></a><a href="#footnote5d">{5d}</a>
“cladd clodvawr,” <a name="citation5e"></a><a href="#footnote5e">{5e}</a>
“goglawdd,” <a name="citation5f"></a><a href="#footnote5f">{5f}</a>
“clawdd gwernin,” <a name="citation5g"></a><a href="#footnote5g">{5g}</a>
and “gorffin Gododin,” <a name="citation5h"></a><a href="#footnote5h">{5h}</a>
are undoubtedly such allusions, though we readily admit that some of
them may, and probably do, refer to the ordinary circular forts of the
Britons, of whom there are several along the line. It may be added
here that Taliesin in his description of the battle of Gwenystrad, where
the men of Cattraeth fought under Urien, speaks of a “govwr”
or an intrenchment, that was “assailed by the laborious toil of
warriors.”</p>
<p>Having thus satisfied ourselves as to the nature and locality of
Cattraeth; the general subject of the Poem becomes apparent. It
was a battle fought at the barrier in question between the Cymry and
the Saxons, the most extended in its design and operations on the part
of the former, as it proved to them the most disastrous in its results,
of all that had hitherto taken place between the two people in that
part of the island.</p>
<p>The details of this bloody encounter, as we gather them from the
Poem, were as follow: At the call of Mynyddawg, lord of Eiddin, whose
dominions lay peculiarly exposed, both by sea and land, to the attack
of the enemy, the native chieftains of Prydyn, aided by many of their
relatives and friends from Gwynedd and Cernyw, entered into a mutual
alliance in behalf of their common country. <a name="citation6a"></a><a href="#footnote6a">{6a}</a>
In one place the daughter of Eudav <a name="citation6b"></a><a href="#footnote6b">{6b}</a>
is joined with Mynyddawg, as one upon whose errand the expedition was
undertaken, but whether she was his wife, or ruled over a territory
adjacent to, or equally threatened with his own, does not appear.
The troops under their respective leaders arrived at Eiddin, where they
were sumptuously entertained by Mynyddawg, <a name="citation6c"></a><a href="#footnote6c">{6c}</a>
and where they established their head quarters. The generals named
in the Poem amount in number to about ninety, but this was not the third
part of the whole, which consisted of “three hundred and sixty
three chieftains wearing the golden torques.” <a name="citation6d"></a><a href="#footnote6d">{6d}</a>
The aggregate number of men that followed these illustrious leaders
is not told, but if an average may be formed from what we know respecting
a few cases, it will appear to have been immense. Mynyddawg’s
retinue consisted of “three hundred;” <a name="citation6e"></a><a href="#footnote6e">{6e}</a>
there were “five battalions of five hundred men each,” “three
levies of three hundred each;” “three bold knights”
had each “three hundred of equal quality;” <a name="citation6f"></a><a href="#footnote6f">{6f}</a>
thus averaging about four hundred for each commander, which, multiplied
by three hundred and sixty three, would exhibit an overwhelming army
of a hundred and forty five thousand, and two hundred men! Yet
the Poet describes the numerical advantages possessed by the enemy as
greatly superior.</p>
<p>These forces, being all placed on the western side of the dyke, would
approach the land of their enemies as they marched to the field of battle,
hence the reason why Aneurin uses the expressions “Gwyr a aeth
Gattraeth,” and “Gwyr a aeth Gododin,” as synonymous.</p>
<p>The enemies, as before observed, were the Saxons, aided on this occasion
by many of the Lloegrians, namely, such of the natives as had submitted
to their sway in the provinces they had already conquered. They
concentrated their forces in Gododin, and marched westward in the direction
of the great fence, where the Britons were awaiting them. Aneurin
has not thought fit to record the names of any of their generals, with
the single exception of Dyvnwal Vrych, <a name="citation7a"></a><a href="#footnote7a">{7a}</a>
who, to entitle him to that distinction, must have figured prominently
on the field of battle.</p>
<p>The engagement commenced on a Tuesday, and continued for a whole
week, the last four days being the most bloody. <a name="citation7b"></a><a href="#footnote7b">{7b}</a>
For some time both parties fought gallantly, and with almost equal success;
fortune perhaps upon the whole appearing to favour the Cymry, who not
only slew a vast number of their adversaries, but partially succeeded
in recovering their lost dominions. <a name="citation7c"></a><a href="#footnote7c">{7c}</a>
At this critical juncture a dwarfish herald arrived at the fence, proposing
on the part of the Saxons a truce or compact, which, however, was indignantly
rejected by the natives, and the action renewed. <a name="citation7d"></a><a href="#footnote7d">{7d}</a>
The scales now rapidly turned. In one part of the field such a
terrible carnage ensued, that there was but one man left to scare away
the birds of prey, which hovered over the carcases of the slain. <a name="citation7e"></a><a href="#footnote7e">{7e}</a>
In another, where our Bard was stationed, a portion of the allied army,
owing to the absence of its general, became panic stricken. <a name="citation7f"></a><a href="#footnote7f">{7f}</a>
Aneurin was taken prisoner, hurried off to a cave or dungeon, and loaded
with chains. <a name="citation7g"></a><a href="#footnote7g">{7g}</a>
At length a conference was submitted to, which was held at a place called
Llanveithin, at which Aneurin, who had been forcibly liberated by one
of the sons of Llywarch Hen, insisted upon the restoration of part of
Gododin, or the alternative of continuing the fight. The Saxon
herald met the proposal by killing the British Bard Owain, who was of
course unarmed. <a name="citation7h"></a><a href="#footnote7h">{7h}</a>
Such a violation of privilege excited then the whole energies of the
Cymry, who rose as one man, and gave the entire scene a more bloody
character than it had yet presented.</p>
<p>Victory, however, at length proclaimed in favour of the usurpers,
and so decisively, that out of the three hundred and sixty three chieftains
that went to the field of Cattraeth, three only returned alive, Cynon,
and Cadreith, and Cadlew of Cadnant, besides Aneurin himself. <a name="citation7i"></a><a href="#footnote7i">{7i}</a>
The number of common soldiers that fell must be conjectured.</p>
<p>We have said that the battle commenced on a Tuesday; it would appear
from two passages, namely, where the meeting of reapers in the hall
of Eiddin, <a name="citation7j"></a><a href="#footnote7j">{7j}</a> and
the employment of Gwynwydd in protecting the corn on the highlands,
<a name="citation8a"></a><a href="#footnote8a">{8a}</a> are spoken of,
that the time of year in which it occurred was the harvest.</p>
<p>It is not, however, so easy to determine the exact year when all
this happened. Neither Arthur nor Urien are mentioned as being
present, and though the stanzas containing their names may have been
lost, it must be admitted that in the case of such distinguished warriors
reason will not warrant the supposition: the fair inference would be
that they were dead at the time. This view is, moreover, supported
by readings of the Gododin, where certain heroes are compared to the
said chiefs respectively, “of Arthur,” “un Urien,”
which would hardly have been done had these latter been alive.
The death of Arthur is placed in the year 542; Owain, who died at Cattraeth,
slew Ida, A.D. 560, and Urien is said to have been assassinated about
567; the battle under consideration must have happened subsequently,
probably about the year usually assigned it, viz., 570. This was
in the reign of Rhun, a descendant in the 4th degree of Cunedda Wledig,
King of Gododin!</p>
<p>The vulgar opinion is that the Britons lost the battle in consequence
of having marched to the field in a state of intoxication; and it must
be admitted that there are many passages in the Poem, which, simply
considered, would seem to favour that view. Nevertheless, granting
that the 363 chieftains had indulged too freely in their favourite beverage,
it is hardly credible that the bulk of the army, on which mainly depended
the destiny of the battle, had the same opportunity of rendering themselves
equally incapacitated, or, if we suppose that all had become so, that
they did not recover their sobriety in seven days! The fact appears
to be, that Aneurin in the instances alluded to, intends merely to contrast
the social and festive habits of his countrymen at home with their lives
of toil and privation in war, after a practise common to the Bards,
not only of that age, but subsequently. Or it may be that the
banquet, at which the British leaders were undoubtedly entertained in
the hall of Eiddin, was looked upon as the sure prelude to war, and
that in that sense the mead and wine were to them as poison.</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines2"><br /><br /></div>
<h2>Y GODODIN</h2>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines2"><br /><br /></div>
<p>I.</p>
<p>Gredyf gwr oed gwas<br />Gwrhyt am dias<br />Meirch mwth myngvras<br />A
dan vordwyt megyrwas<br />Ysgwyt ysgauyn lledan<br />Ar bedrein mein
vuan<br />Kledyuawr glas glan<br />Ethy eur aphan<br />Ny bi ef a vi<br />Cas
e rof a thi<br />Gwell gwneif a thi<br />Ar wawt dy uoli<br />Kynt y
waet elawr<br />Nogyt y neithyawr<br />Kynt y vwyt y vrein<br />Noc
y argyurein<br />Ku kyueillt ewein<br />Kwl y uot a dan vrein<br />Marth
ym pa vro<br />Llad un mab marro</p>
<p>II.</p>
<p>Kayawc kynhorawc men y delhei<br />Diffun ymlaen bun med a dalhei<br />Twll
tal y rodawr ene klywei<br />Awr ny rodei nawd meint dilynei<br />Ni
chilyei o gamhawn eny verei<br />Waet mal brwyn gomynei gwyr nyt echei<br />Nys
adrawd gododin ar llawr mordei<br />Rac pebyll madawc pan atcoryei<br />Namen
un gwr o gant eny delhei</p>
<p>III.</p>
<p>Kaeawc kynnivyat kywlat erwyt<br />Ruthyr eryr en ebyr pan llithywyt<br />E
arnot a vu not a gatwyt<br />Grwell a wnaeth e aruaeth ny gilywyt<br />Rac
bedin ododin odechwyt<br />Hyder gymhell ar vreithel vanawyt<br />Ny
nodi nac ysgeth w nac ysgwyt<br />Ny ellir anet ry vaethpwyt<br />Rac
ergyt catvannan catwyt</p>
<p>IV.</p>
<p>Kaeawc kynhorawc bleid e maran<br />Gwevrawr godrwawr torchawr am
rann<br />Bu gwevrawr gwerthvawr gwerth gwin vann<br />Ef gwrthodes
gwrys gwyar disgrein<br />Ket dyffei wyned a gogled e rann<br />O gussyl
mab ysgyrran<br />Ysgwydawr angkyuan</p>
<p>V.</p>
<p>Kaeawc kynhorawc aruawc eg gawr<br />Kyn no diw e gwr gwrd eg gwyawr<br />Kynran
en racwan rac bydinawr<br />Kwydei pym pymwnt rac y lafnawr<br />O wyr
deivyr a brennych dychiawr<br />Ugein cant eu diuant en un awr<br />Kynt
y gic e vleid nogyt e neithyawr<br />Kynt e vud e vran nogyt e allawr<br />Kyn
noe argyurein e waet e lawr<br />Gwerth med eg kynted gan lliwedawr<br />Hyueid
hir ermygir tra vo kerdawr</p>
<p>VI.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth Ododin chwerthin ognaw<br />Chwerw en trin a llain en
emdullyaw<br />Byrr vlyned en hed yd ynt endaw<br />Mab botgat gwnaeth
gwynnyeith gwreith e law<br />Ket elwynt e lanneu e benydyaw<br />A
hen a yeueing a hydyr a llaw<br />Dadyl diheu angheu y eu treidaw</p>
<p>VII.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth Ododin chwerthin wanar<br />Disgynnyeis em bedin trin
diachar<br />Wy lledi a llavnawr heb vawr drydar<br />Colovyn glyw reithuyw
rodi arwar</p>
<p>VIII.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth gatraeth oed fraeth eu llu<br />Glasved eu hancwyn a
gwenwyn vu<br />Trychant trwy beiryant en cattau<br />A gwedy elwch
tawelwch vu<br />Ket elwynt e lanneu e benydu<br />Dadyl dieu angheu
y eu treidu</p>
<p>IX.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth gatraeth veduaeth uedwn<br />Fyryf frwythlawn oed cam
nas kymhwyllwn<br />E am lavnawr coch gorvawr gwrmwn<br />Dwys dengyn
ed emledyn aergwn<br />Ar deulu brenneych beych barnasswn<br />Dilyw
dyn en vyw nys adawsswn<br />Kyueillt a golleis diffleis vedwn<br />Rugyl
en emwrthryn rynn riadwn<br />Ny mennws gwrawl gwadawl chwegrwn<br />Maban
y gian o vaen gwynngwn</p>
<p>X.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth gatraeth gan wawr<br />Trauodynt en hed eu hovnawr<br />Milcant
a thrychant a emdaflawr<br />Gwyarllyt gwynnodynt waewawr<br />Ef gorsaf
yng gwryaf eg gwryawr<br />Rac gosgord mynydawc mwynvawr</p>
<p>XI.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth gatraeth gan wawr<br />Dygymyrrws eu hoet eu hanyanawr<br />Med
evynt melyn melys maglawr<br />Blwydyn bu llewyn llawer kerdawr<br />Coch
eu cledyuawr na phurawr<br />Eu llain gwyngalch a phedryollt bennawr<br />Rac
gosgord mynydawc mwynvawr</p>
<p>XII.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth gatraeth gan dyd<br />Neus goreu o gadeu gewilid<br />Wy
gwnaethant en geugant gelorwyd<br />A llavnawr llawn annawd em bedyd<br />Goreu
yw hwn kyn kystlwn kerennyd<br />Enneint creu ac angeu oe hennyd<br />Rac
bedin Ododin pan vudyd<br />Neus goreu deu bwyllyat neirthyat gwychyd</p>
<p>XIII.</p>
<p>Gwr a aeth gatraeth gan dyd<br />Ne llewes ef vedgwyn veinoethyd<br />Bu
truan gyuatcan gyvluyd<br />E neges ef or drachwres drenghidyd<br />Ny
chryssiws gatraeth<br />Mawr mor ehelaeth<br /> E aruaeth
uch arwyt<br />Ny bu mor gyffor<br />O eidyn ysgor<br /> A
esgarei oswyd<br />Tutuwlch hir ech e dir ae dreuyd<br />Ef lladei Saesson
seithuet dyd<br />Perheit y wrhyt en wrvyd<br />Ae govein gan e gein
gyweithyd<br />Pan dyvu dutvwch dut nerthyd<br />Oed gwaetlan gwyaluan
vab Kilyd</p>
<p>XIV.</p>
<p>Gwr a aeth gatraeth gan wawr<br />Wyneb udyn ysgorva ysgwydawr<br />Crei
kyrchynt kynnullynt reiawr<br />En gynnan mal taran twryf aessawr<br />Gwr
gorvynt gwr etvynt gwr llawr<br />Ef rwygei a chethrei a chethrawr<br />Od
uch lled lladei a llavnawr<br />En gystud heyrn dur arbennawr<br />E
mordei ystyngei a dyledawr<br />Rac erthgi erthychei vydinawr</p>
<p>XV.</p>
<p>O vreithyell gatraeth pan adrodir<br />Maon dychiorant eu hoet bu
hir<br />Edyrn diedyrn amygyn dir<br />A meibyon godebawc gwerin enwir<br />Dyforthynt
lynwyssawr gelorawr hir<br />Bu tru a dynghetven anghen gywir<br />A
dyngwt y dutvwlch a chyvwlch hir<br />Ket yvein ved gloyw wrth leu babir<br />Ket
vei da e vlas y gas bu hir</p>
<p>XVI.</p>
<p>Blaen echeching gaer glaer ewgei<br />Gwyr gweiryd gwanar ae dilynei<br />Blaen
ar e bludue dygollouit vual<br />Ene vwynvawr vordei<br />Blaen gwirawt
vragawt ef dybydei<br />Blaen eur a phorphor kein as mygei<br />Blaen
edystrawr pasc ae gwaredei<br />Gwrthlef, ac euo bryt ae derllydei<br />Blaen
erwyre gawr buduawr drei<br />Arth en llwrw byth hwyr e techei</p>
<p>XVII.</p>
<p>Anawr gynhoruan<br />Huan arwyran<br />Grwledic gwd gyffgein<br />Nef
enys brydein<br />Garw ryt rac rynn<br />Aes elwrw budyn<br />Bual oed
arwynn<br />Eg kynted eidyn<br />Erchyd ryodres<br />E ved medwawt<br />Yuei
win gwirawt<br />Oed eruit uedel<br />Yuei win gouel<br />Aerueid en
arued<br />Aer gennin vedel<br />Aer adan glaer<br />Kenyn keuit aer<br />Aer
seirchyawc<br />Aer edenawc<br />Nyt oed diryf y ysgwyt<br />Gan waywawr
plymnwyt<br />Kwydyn gyuoedyon<br />Eg cat blymnwyt<br />Diessic e dias<br />Divevyl
as talas<br />Hudid e wyllyas<br />Kyn bu clawr glas<br />Bed gwruelling
vreisc</p>
<p>XVIII.</p>
<p>Teithi etmygant<br />Tri llwry novant<br />Pymwnt a phymcant<br />Trychwn
a thrychant<br />Tri si chatvarchawc<br />Eidyn euruchawc<br />Tri llu
llurugawc<br />Tri eur deyrn dorchawc<br />Tri marchawc dywal<br />Tri
chat gyhaual<br />Tri chysneit kysnar<br />Chwerw vysgynt esgar<br />Tri
en drin en drwm<br />Llew lledynt blwm<br />Eur e gat gyngrwn<br />Tri
theyrn maon<br />A dyvu o vrython<br />Kynri a Chenon<br />Kynrein o
aeron<br />Gogyuerchi yn hon<br />Deivyr diuerogyon<br />A dyvu o vrython<br />Wr
well no Chynon<br />Sarph seri alon</p>
<p>XIX.</p>
<p>Eveis y win a med e mordei<br /> Mawr meint e vehyr<br /> Yg
kyuaruot gwyr<br />Bwyt e eryr erysmygei<br />Pan gryssyei gydywal kyfdwyreei<br />Awr
gan wyrd wawr kyui dodei<br />Aessawr dellt ambellt a adawei<br />Pareu
rynn rwygyat dygymmynei<br />E gat blaen bragat briwei<br />Mab syvno
sywedyd ae gwydyei<br /> A werthws e eneit<br /> Er
wyneb grybwyllyeit<br />A llavyn lliveit lladei<br />Lledessit ac a
thrwys ac affrei<br />Er amot aruot arauethei<br /> Ermygei
galaned<br /> O wyr gwychyr gwned<br />Em blaen gwyned
gwanei</p>
<p>XX.</p>
<p>Eveis y win a med e mordei<br />Can yueis disgynneis rann fin fawd
ut<br />Nyt didrachywed colwed drut<br />Pan disgynnei bawb ti disgynnot<br />Ys
deupo gwaeanat gwerth na phechut<br />Pressent i drawd oed vreichyawr
drut</p>
<p>XXI.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth gatraeth buant enwawc<br />Gwin a med o eur vu eu gwirawt<br />Blwydyn
en erbyn urdyn deuawt<br />Trywyr a thri ugeiut a thrychant eurdorchawc<br />Or
sawl yt gryssyassant uch gormant wirawt<br />Ny diengis namyn tri o
wrhydri fossawt<br />Deu gatki aeron a chenon dayrawt<br />A minheu
om gwaetfreu gwerth vy gwennwawt</p>
<p>XXII.</p>
<p>Uyg car yng wirwar nyn gogyffrawt<br />O neb o ny bei o gwyn dragon
ducawt<br />Ni didolit yng kynted o ved gwirawt<br />Ef gwnaei ar beithing
perthyng aruodyawc<br />Ef disgrein eg cat disgrein en aelawt<br />Neus
adrawd gododin gwedy fossawt<br />Pan vei no llwyeu llymach nebawt</p>
<p>XXIII.</p>
<p>Aryf angkynnull agkyman dull agkysgoget<br />Tra chywed vawr treiglessyd
llawr lloegrwys giwet<br />Heessit eis ygkynnor eis yg cat uereu<br />Goruc
wyr lludw<br />A gwraged gwydw<br /> Kynnoe angheu<br />Greit
vab hoewgir<br />Ac ysberi<br /> Y beri creu</p>
<p>XXIV.</p>
<p>Arwr y dwy ysgwyt adan<br />E dalvrith ac eil tith orwydan<br />Bu
trydar en aerure bu tan<br />Bu ehut e waewawr bu huan<br />Bu bwyt
brein bu bud e vran<br />A chyn edewit en rydon<br />Gran wlith eryr
tith tiryon<br />Ac o du gwasgar gwanec tu bronn<br />Beird byt barnant
wyr o gallon<br />Diebyrth e gerth e gynghyr<br />Diua oed e gynrein
gan wyr<br />A chynn e olo a dan eleirch<br />Vre ytoed wryt ene arch<br />Gorgolches
e greu y seirch<br />Budvan vab bleidvan dihavarch</p>
<p>XXV.</p>
<p>Cam e adaw heb gof camb ehelaeth<br />Nyt adawei adwy yr adwriaeth<br />Nyt
edewes e lys les kerdoryon prydein<br />Diw calan yonawr ene aruaeth<br />Nyt
erdit e dir kevei diffeith<br />Drachas anias dreic ehelaeth<br />Dragon
yg gwyar gwedy gwinvaeth<br />Gwenabwy vab gwenn gynhen gatraeth</p>
<p>XXVI.</p>
<p>Bu gwir mal y meud e gatlew<br />Ny deliis meirch neb marchlew<br />Heessit
waywawr y glyw<br />Y ar llemenic llwybyr dew<br />Keny vaket am vyrn
am borth<br />Dywal y gledyual emborth<br />Heessyt onn o bedryollt
y law<br />Y ar veinnyell vygedorth<br />Yt rannei rygu e rywin<br />Yt
ladei a llauyn vreith o eithin<br />Val pan vel medel ar vreithin<br />E
gwnaei varchlew waetlin</p>
<p>XXVII.</p>
<p>Issac anuonawc o barth deheu<br />Tebic mor lliant y deuodeu<br /> O
wyled a llaryed<br /> A chein yuet med<br />Men yth
glawd e offer e bwyth madeu<br />Ny bu hyll dihyll na heu diheu<br />Seinnyessyt
e gledyf ym penn mameu<br />Murgreit oed moleit ef mab gwydneu</p>
<p>XXVIII.</p>
<p>Keredic caradwy e glot<br />Achubei gwarchatwei not<br />Lletvegin
is tawel kyn dyuot<br />E dyd gowychyd y wybot<br />Ys deupo car kyrd
kyvnot<br />Y wlat nef adef atnabot</p>
<p>XXIX.</p>
<p>Keredic karadwy gynran<br />Keimyat yg cat gouaran<br />Ysgwyt eur
crwydyr cadlan<br />Gwaewawr uswyd agkyuan<br />Kledyual dywal diwan<br />Mal
gwr catwei wyaluan<br />Kynn kysdud daear hynn affan<br />O daffar diffynnei
e vann<br />Ys deupo kynnwys yg kyman<br />Can drindawt en undawt gyuan</p>
<p>XXX.</p>
<p>Pan gryssyei garadawc y gat<br />Mal baed coet trychwn trychyat<br />Tarw
bedin en trin gormynyat<br />Ef llithyei wydgwn oe anghat<br />Ys vyn
tyst ewein vab eulat<br />A gwryen a gwynn a gwryat<br />O gatraeth
o gymynat<br />O vrynn hydwn kynn caffat<br />Gwedy med gloew ar anghat<br />Ny
weles vrun e dat</p>
<p>XXXI.</p>
<p>Gwyr a gryssyasant buant gytneit<br />Hoedyl vyrryon medwon uch med
hidleit<br />Gosgord mynydawc enwawc en reit<br />Gwerth eu gwled e
ved vu eu heneit<br />Caradawc a madawc pyll ac yeuan<br />Gwgawn a
gwiawn gwynn a chynvan<br />Peredur arveu dur gwawr-dur ac aedan<br />Achubyat
eng gawr ysgwydawr angkyman<br />A chet lledessynt wy lladassan<br />Neb
y eu tymhyr nyt atcorsan</p>
<p>XXXII.</p>
<p>Gwyr a gryssyassant buant gytvaeth<br />Blwydyn od uch med mawr eu
haruaeth<br />Mor dru eu hadrawd wy angawr hiraeth<br />Gwenwyn eu hadlam
nyt mab mam ae maeth<br />Mor hir eu hetlit ac eu hetgyllaeth<br />En
ol gwyr pebyr temyr gwinvaeth<br />Gwlyget gododin en erbyn fraeth<br />Ancwyn
mynydawc enwawc e gwnaeth<br />A phrit er prynu breithyell gatraeth</p>
<p>XXXIII.</p>
<p>Gwyr a aeth gatraeth yg cat yg gawr<br />Nerth meirch a gwrymseirch
ac ysgwydawr<br />Peleidyr ar gychwyn a llym waewawr<br />A llurugeu
claer a chledyuawr<br />Ragorei tyllei trwy vydinawr<br />Kwydei bym
pymwnt rac y lavnawr<br />Ruuawn hir ef rodei eur e allawr<br />A chet
a choelvein kein y gerdawr</p>
<p>XXXIV.</p>
<p>Ny wnaethpwyt neuad mor orchynnan<br />Mor vawr mor oruawr gyvlavan<br />Dyrllydut
medut moryen tan<br />Ny thraethei na wnelei kenon kelein<br />Un seirchyawc
saphwyawc son edlydan<br />Seinnyessit e gledyf empenn garthan<br />Noc
ac esgyc canec vurvawr y chyhadvan<br />Ny mwy gysgogit wit uab peithan</p>
<p>XXXV.</p>
<p>Ny wnaethpwyt neuad mor anvonawc<br />Ony bei voryen eil caradawc<br />Ny
diengis en trwm elwrw mynawc<br />Dywal dywalach no mab ferawc<br />Fer
y law faglei fowys varchawc<br />Glew dias dinas e lu ovnawc<br />Rac
bedin ododin bu gwasgarawc<br />Y gylchwy dan y gymwy bu adenawc<br />Yn
dyd gwyth bu ystwyth neu bwyth atveillyawc<br />Dyrllydei vedgyrn eillt
mynydawc</p>
<p>XXXVI.</p>
<p>Ny wnaethpwyt neuad mor diessic<br />No Chynon lary vronn geinnyon
Wledic<br />Nyt ef eistedei en tal lleithic<br />E neb a wanei nyt adwenit<br />Raclym
e waewawr<br />Calch drei tyllei vydinawr<br />Rac vuan y veirch rac
rygiawr<br />En dyd gwyth atwyth oed e lavnawr<br />Pan gryssyei gynon
gan wyrd wawr</p>
<p>XXXVII.</p>
<p>Disgynsit en trwm yg kessevin<br />Ef diodes gormes ef dodes fin<br />Ergyr
gwayw rieu ryvel chwerthin<br />Hut effyt y wrhyt elwry elfin<br />Eithinyn
uoleit mur greit tarw trin</p>
<p>XXXVIII.</p>
<p>Disgynsit en trwm yg kesseuin<br />Gwerth med yg kynted a gwirawt
win<br />Heyessyt y lavnawr rwg dwy vydin<br />Arderchawc varchawc rac
gododin<br />Eithinyn uoleit mur greit tarw trin</p>
<p>XXXIX.</p>
<p>Disgynsit en trwm rac alauoed wyrein<br />Wyre llu llaes ysgwydawr<br />Ysgwyt
vriw rac biw beli bloedvawr<br />Nar od uch gwyar fin festinyawr<br />An
deliit kynllwyt y ar gynghorawr<br />Gorwyd gwareurffrith rin ych eurdorchawr<br />Twrch
goruc amot emlaen ystre ystrywawr<br />Teilingdeith gwrthyat gawr<br />An
gelwit e nef bit athledhawr<br />Emyt ef krennit e gat waewawr<br />Catvannan
er aclut clotvawr<br />No chynhennit na bei llu idaw llawr</p>
<p>XL.</p>
<p>Am drynni drylaw drylenn<br />Am lwys am difíwys dywarchen<br />Am
gwydaw gwallt e ar benn<br />Y am wyr eryr gwydyen<br />Gwyduc neus
amuc ac wayw<br />Ardullyat diwyllyat e berchen<br />Amuc moryen gwenwawt<br />Murdyn
a chyvrannv penn<br />Prif eg weryt ac an nerth ac am hen<br />Trywyr
yr bod bun bratwen<br />Deudec gwenabwy vab gwen</p>
<p>XLI.</p>
<p>Am drynni drylaw drylenn<br />Gweinydyawr ysgwydawr yg gweithyen<br />En
aryal cledyual am benn<br />En lloegyr drychyon rac trychant unben<br />A
dalwy mwng bleid heb prenn<br />En e law gnawt gwychnawt eny lenn<br />O
gyurang gwyth ac asgen<br />Trenghis ny diengis bratwen</p>
<p>XLII.</p>
<p>Eurar vur caer krysgrwydyat<br />Aer cret ty na thaer aer vlodyat<br />Un
ara ae leissyar argatwyt<br />Adar brwydryat<br />Syll o virein neus
adrawd a vo mwy<br />O damweinnyeit llwy<br />Od amluch lliuanat<br />Neus
adrawd a vo mwy<br />Enawr blygeint<br />Na bei kynhawel kynheilweing</p>
<p>XLIII.</p>
<p>Pan vuost di kynnivyn clot<br />En amwyn tywyssen gordirot<br />O
haedot en gelwit redyrch gwyr not<br />Oed dor diachor diachor din drei<br />Oed
mynut wrth olut ae kyrchei<br />Oed dinas e vedin ae cretei<br />Ny
elwit gwinwit men na bei</p>
<p>XLIV.</p>
<p>Ket bei cann wr en vn ty<br />Atwen ovalon keny<br />Pen gwyr tal
being a dely</p>
<p>XLV.</p>
<p>Nyt wyf vynawc blin<br />Ny dialaf vy ordin<br />Ny chwardaf y chwerthin<br />A
dan droet ronin<br />Ystynnawc vyg glin<br />A bundat y<br />En ty deyeryn<br />Cadwyn
heyernyn<br />Am ben vyn deulin<br />O ved o vuelin<br />O gatraeth
werin<br />Mi na vi aneurin<br />Ys gwyr talyessin<br />Oveg kywrenhin<br />Neu
cheing e ododin<br />Kynn gwawr dyd dilin</p>
<p>XLVI</p>
<p>Goroled gogled gwr ae goruc<br />Llary vronn haeladon ny essyllut<br />Nyt
emda daear nyt emduc<br />Mam mor eiryan gadarn haearn gaduc<br />O
nerth e cledyf claer e hamuc<br />O garchar amwar daear em duc<br />O
gyvle angheu o anghar dut<br />Keneu vab llywarch dihauareh drut</p>
<p>XLVII.</p>
<p>Nyt ef borthi gwarth gorsed<br />Senyllt ae lestri llawn med<br />Godolei
gledyf e gared<br />Godolei lemein e ryuel<br />Dyfforthsei lynwyssawr
oe vreych<br />Rac bedin ododin a brennych<br />Gnawt ene neuad vyth
meirch<br />Gwyar a gwrymseirch<br />Keingyell hiryell oe law<br />Ac
en elyd bryssyaw<br />Gwen ac ymhyrdwen hyrdbleit<br />Disserch a serch
ar tro<br />Gwyr nyt oedyn drych draet fo<br />Heilyn achubyat pob bro</p>
<p>XLVIII.</p>
<p>Llech leutu tut leu leudvre<br /> Gododin ystre<br />Ystre
ragno ar y anghat<br />Angat gynghor e leuuer cat<br /> Cangen
gaerwys<br /> Keui drillywys<br />Tymor dymhestyl tymhestyl
dymor<br />E beri restyr rac riallu<br />O dindywyt yn dyvu<br /> Wyt
yn dy wovu<br />Dwys yd wodyn<br />Llym yt wenyn<br />Llwyr genyn llu<br />Ysgwyt
rugyn<br />Rac tarw trin<br /> Y dal vriw vu</p>
<p>XLIX.</p>
<p>Erkryn e alon ar af (ar)<br />Er y brwydrin trin trachuar<br />Kwr
e vankeirw<br />Am gwr e vanncarw<br />Byssed brych briwant barr<br />Am
bwyll am disteir am distar<br />Am bwyll am rodic am rychward<br />Ys
bro ys brys treullyawt rys en riwdrec<br />Ny hu wy ny gaffo e neges<br />Nyt
anghwy a wanwy odiwes</p>
<p>L.</p>
<p>Ny mat wanpwyt ysgwyt<br />Ar gynwal carnwyt<br />Ny mat dodes y
vordwyt<br />Ar vreichir mein-llwyt<br />Gell e baladyr gell<br />Gellach
e obell<br />Y mae dy wr ene gell<br />Yn cnoi anghell<br />Bwch bud
oe law idaw<br />Poet ymbell angell</p>
<p>LI.</p>
<p>Da y doeth adonwy at wen<br />Ym adawssut wenn heli bratwen<br />Gwnelut
lladut llosgut<br />No moryen ny waeth wnelut<br />Ny delyeist nac eithaf
na chynhor<br />Ysgwn drem dibennor<br />Ny weleist e morchwyd mawr
marchogyon<br />Wynedin my rodin nawd y Saesson</p>
<p>LII.</p>
<p>Gododin gomynaf dy blegyt<br />Tynoeu dra thrumein drum essyth<br />Gwas
chwant y aryant heb emwyt<br />O gussyl mab dwywei dy wrhyt<br />Nyt
oed gynghorwann<br />Wael y rac tan veithin<br />O lychwr y lychwr lluch
bin<br />Lluchdor y borfor beryerin<br />Llad gwaws gwan maws mur trin<br />Anysgarat
ac vu y nat ac aneurin</p>
<p>LIII.</p>
<p>Kywyrein ketwyr kywrennin<br />E gatraeth gwerin fraeth fysgyolin<br />Gwerth
med yg kynted a gwirawt win<br />Heyessit e lavnawr rwng dwy vedin<br />Arderchauc
varchawc rac gododin<br />Eithinyn voleit murgreit tarw trin</p>
<p>LIV.</p>
<p>Kywyrein ketwyr kywrenhin<br />Gwlat atvel gochlywer a eu dilin<br />Dygoglawd
ton bevyr beryerin<br />Men yd ynt eilyassaf elein<br />O brei vrych
ny welych weyelin<br />Ny chemyd haed ud a gordin<br />Ny phyrth mevyl
moryal eu dilin<br />Llavyn durawt barawt e waetlin</p>
<p>LV.</p>
<p>Kywyrein ketwyr kywrenhin<br />Gwlat atvel gochlywer eu dilin<br />Ef
lladawd a chymawn a llain<br />A charnedawr tra gogyhwc gwyr trin</p>
<p>LVI.</p>
<p>Kywyrein ketwyr hyuaruuant<br />Y gyt en un vryt yt gyrchassant<br />Byrr
eu hoedyl hir eu hoet ar eu carant<br />Seith gymeint o loegrwys a ladassant<br />O
gyvryssed gwraged gwyth a wnaethant<br />Llawer mam ae deigyr ar y hamrant</p>
<p>LVII.</p>
<p>Ny wnaethpwyt neuad mor dianaf<br />Lew mor hael baran llew llwybyr
vwyhaf<br />A chynon laryvronn adon deccaf<br />Dinas y dias ar llet
eithaf<br />Dor angor bedin bud eilyassaf<br />Or sawl a weleis ac a
welav<br />Ymyt en emdwyn aryf gryt gwryt gwryaf<br />Ef lladei oswyd
a llavyn llymaf<br />Mal brwyn yt gwydynt rac y adaf<br />Mab klytno
clot hir canaf<br />Yty or clot heb or heb eithaf</p>
<p>LVIII.</p>
<p>O winveith a medweith<br />Dygodolyn gwnlleith<br />Mam hwrreith<br /> Eidol
enyal<br />Ermygei rac vre<br />Rac bronn budugre<br />Breein dwyre<br /> Wybyr
ysgynnyal<br />Kynrein en kwydaw<br />Val glas heit arnaw<br /> Heb
giliaw gyhaual<br />Synnwyr ystwyr ystemel<br />Y ar weillyon gwebyl<br /> Ac
ardemyl gledyual<br />Blaen ancwyn anhun<br />Hediw an dihun<br /> Mam
reidun rwyf trydar</p>
<p>LIX.</p>
<p>O winveith a medweith yd aethant<br />E genhyn llurugogyon<br />Nys
gwn lleith lletkynt<br />Cyn llwyded eu lleas dydaruu<br />Rac catraeth
oed fraeth eu llu<br />O osgord vynydawc wawr dru<br />O drychant namen
un gwr ny dyvu</p>
<p>LX.</p>
<p>O winveith a medveith yt gryssyassant<br />Gwyr en reit moleit eneit
dichwant<br />Gloew dull y am drull yt gytvaethant<br />Gwin a med amall
a amucsant<br />O osgord vynydawc am dwyf atveillyawc<br />A rwyf a
golleis om gwir garant<br />O drychan riallu yt gryssyassant<br />Gatraeth
tru namen vn gwr nyt atcorsant</p>
<p>LXI.</p>
<p>Hv bydei yg kywyrein pressent mal pel<br />Ar y e hu bydei ene uei
atre<br /> Hut amuc ododin<br /> O
win a med en dieding<br />Yng ystryng ystre<br />Ac adan gatvannan cochre,<br />Veirch
marchawc godrud e more</p>
<p>LXII.</p>
<p>Angor dewr daen<br />Sarph seri raen<br />Sengi wrymgaen<br /> Emlaen
bedin<br />Arth i arwynawl drussyawr dreissyawr<br />Sengi waewawr<br />En
dyd cadyawr<br /> Yg clawd gwernin<br />Eil nedic nar<br />Neus
duc drwy var<br />Gwled y adar<br /> O drydar drin<br />Kywir
yth elwir oth enwir weithret<br />Ractaf ruyuyadur mur catuilet<br />Merin
a madyein mat yth, anet</p>
<p>LXIII.</p>
<p>Ardyledawc canu kyman caffat<br />Ketwyr am gatraeth a wnaeth brithret<br />Brithwy
a wyar sathar sanget<br />Sengi wit gwned bual am dal med<br />A chalaned
kyuurynged<br />Nyt adrawd kibno wede kyffro<br />Ket bei kymun keui
dayret</p>
<p>LXIV.</p>
<p>Ardyledawc canu kyman ovri<br />Twrf tan a tharan a ryuerthi<br />Gwrhyt
arderchawc varchawc mysgi<br />Ruduedel ryuel a eiduni<br />Gwr gwned
divudyawc dimyngyei<br />Y gat or meint gwlat yd y klywi<br />Ae ysgwyt
ar y ysgwyd hut arolli<br />Wayw mal gwin gloew o wydyr lestri<br />Aryant
am yued eur dylyi<br />Gwinvaeth oed waetnerth vab llywri</p>
<p>LXV.</p>
<p>Ardyledawc canu claer orchyrdon<br />A gwedy dyrreith dyleinw aeron<br />Dimcones
lovlen benn eryron<br />Llwyt ef gorevvwyt y ysgylvyon<br />Or a aeth
gatraeth o eur dorchogyon<br />Ar neges mynydawc mynawc maon<br />Ny
doeth en diwarth o barth vrython<br />Ododin wr bell well no Chynon</p>
<p>LXVI.</p>
<p>Ardyledawc canu kenian kywreint<br />Llawen llogell byt bu didichwant<br />Hu
mynnei engkylch byt eidol anant<br />Yr eur a meirch mawr a med medweint<br />Namen
ene delei o vyt hoffeint<br />Kyndilic aeron wyr enouant</p>
<p>LXVII.</p>
<p>Ardyledawc canu claer orchyrdon<br />Ar neges mynydawc mynawc maon<br />A
merch eudaf hir dreis gwananhon<br />Oed porfor gwisgyadur dir amdrychyon</p>
<p>LXVIII.</p>
<p>Dyfforthes meiwyr molut nyuet<br />Baran tan teryd ban gynneuet<br />Duw
mawrth gwisgyssant eu gwrym dudet<br />Diw merchyr peri deint eu calch
doet<br />Divyeu bu diheu eu diuoet<br />Diw gwener calaned amdyget<br />Diw
sadwrn bu divwrn eu kytweithret<br />Diw sul eu llavneu rud amdyget<br />Diw
llun hyt benn clun gwaetlun gwelet<br />Neus adrawd gododin gwedy lludet<br />Rac
pebyll madawc pan atcoryet<br />Namen un gwr o gant ene delhet</p>
<p>LXIX.</p>
<p>Mochdwyreawc y more<br />Kynnif aber rac ystre<br />Bu bwlch bu twlch
tande<br />Mal twrch y tywysseist vre<br />Bu golut mynut bu lle<br />Bu
gwyar gweilch gwrymde</p>
<p>LXX.</p>
<p>Moch dwyreawc y meitin<br />O gynnu aber rac fin<br />O dywys yn
tywys yn dylin<br />Rac cant ef gwant gesseuin<br />Oed garw y gwnaewch
chwi waetlin<br />Mal yuet med drwy chwerthin<br />Oed llew y lladewch
chwi dynin<br />Cledyual dywal fysgyolin<br />Oed mor diachor yt ladei<br />Esgar
gwr haual en y a bei</p>
<p>LXXI.</p>
<p>Disgynnwys en affwys dra phenn<br />Ny deliit kywyt kywrennin benn<br />Disgiawr
breint vu e lad ar gangen<br />Kynnedyf y ewein esgynnv ar ystre<br />Ystwng
kyn gorot goreu gangen<br />Dilud dyleyn cathleu dilen<br />Llywy llyvroded
rwych ac asgen<br />Anglas asswydeu lovlen<br />Dyphorthes ae law luric
wehyn<br />Dymgwallaw gwledic dal<br />Oe brid brennyal</p>
<p>LXXII.</p>
<p>Eidol adoer crei grannawr gwynn<br />Dysgiawr pan vei bun barn benn<br />Perchen
meirch a gwrymseirch<br />Ac ysgwydawr yaen<br />Gyuoet a gyuergyr esgyn
disgyn</p>
<p>LXXIII.</p>
<p>Aer dywys ry dywys ryvel<br />Gwlat gord garei gwrd uedel<br />Gwrdweryt
gwaet am iroed<br />Seirchyawr am y rud yt ued<br />Seingyat am seirch
seirch seingyat<br />Ar delw lleith dygiawr lludet<br />Peleidyr en
eis en dechreu cat<br />Hynt am oleu bu godeu beleidryal</p>
<p>LXXIV.</p>
<p>Keint amnat am dina dy gell<br />Ac ystauell yt uydei dyrllydei<br />Med
melys maglawr<br />Gwrys aergynlys gan wawr<br />Ket lwys lloegrwys
lliwedawr<br />Ry benyt ar hyt yd allawr<br />Eillt wyned klywere arderched<br />Gwananhon
byt ved<br />Savwy cadavwy gwyned<br />Tarw bedin treis trin teyrned<br />Kyn
kywesc daear kyn gorwed<br />But orfun gododin bed</p>
<p>LXXV.</p>
<p>Bedin ordyvnat en agerw<br />Mynawc lluydawc llaw chwerw<br />Bu
doeth a choeth a syberw<br />Nyt oed ef wrth gyued gochwerw<br />Mudyn
geinnyon ar y helw<br />Nyt oed ar lles bro pob delw</p>
<p>LXXVI.</p>
<p>An gelwir mor a chynnwr ym plymnwyt<br />Yn tryvrwyt peleidyr peleidyr
gogymwyt<br />Goglyssur heyrn lliveit llawr en assed<br />Sychyn yg
gorun en trydar<br />Gwr frwythlawn flamdur rac esgar</p>
<p>LXXVII.</p>
<p>Dyfforthes cat veirch a chatseirch<br />Greulet ar gatraeth cochre<br />Mae
blaenwyd bedin dinus<br />Aergi gwyth gwarth vre<br />An gelwir ny faw
glaer fwyre<br />Echadaf heidyn haearnde</p>
<p>LXXVIII.</p>
<p>Mynawc gododin traeth e annor<br />Mynawc am rann kwynhyator<br />Rac
eidyn aryal flam nyt atcor<br />Ef dodes e dilis yg kynhor<br />Ef dodes
rac trin tewdor<br />En aryal ar dywal disgynnwys<br />Can llewes porthes
mawrbwys<br />O osgord vynydawc ny diangwys<br />Namen vn aryf amdiffryf
amdiffwys</p>
<p>LXXIX.</p>
<p>O gollet moryet ny bu aessawr<br />Dyfforthyn traeth y ennyn llawr<br />Ry
duc oe lovlen glas lavnawr<br />Peleidyr pwys preiglyn benn periglawr<br />Y
ar orwyd erchlas penn wedawr<br />Trindygwyd trwch trach y lavnawr<br />Pan
orvyd oe gat ny bu foawr<br />An dyrllys molet med melys maglawr</p>
<p>LXXX.</p>
<p>Gweleis y dull o benn tir adoun<br />Aberth am goelkerth a disgynnyn<br />Gweleis
oed kenevin ar dref redegein<br />A gwyr nwythyon ry gollessyn<br />Gweleis
gwyr dullyawr gan awr adevyn<br />A phenn dyvynwal a breych brein ae
cnoyn</p>
<p>LXXXI.</p>
<p>Mat vydic ysgavynwyn asgwrn aduaon<br />Aelussawc tebedawc tra mordwy
alon<br />Gwrawl amdyvrwys goruawr y lu<br />Gwryt vronn gwrvan gwanan
arnaw<br />Y gynnedyf disgynnu rac naw riallu<br />Yg gwyd gwaed a gwlat
a gordiynaw<br />Caraf vy vudic lleithic a vu anaw<br />Kyndilic aeron
kenhan lew</p>
<p>LXXXII.</p>
<p>Carasswn disgynnu yg catraeth gessevin<br />Gwert med yg kynted a
gwirawt win<br />Carasswn neu chablwys ar llain<br />Kyn bu e leas oe
las uffin<br />Carasswn eil clot dyfforthes gwaetlin<br />Ef dodes e
gledyf yg goethin<br />Neus adrawd gwrhyt rac gododyn<br />Na bei mab
keidyaw clot un gwr trin</p>
<p>LXXXIII.</p>
<p>Truan yw gennyf vy gwedy lludet<br />Grodef gloes angheu trwy angkyffret<br />Ac
eil trwm truan gennyf vy gwelet<br />Dygwydaw an gwyr ny penn o draet<br />Ac
ucheneit hir ac eilywet<br />En ol gwyr pebyr temyr tudwet<br />Ruvawn
a gwgawn gwiawn a gwlyget<br />Gwyr gorsaf gwryaf gwrd yg calet<br />Ys
deupo eu heneit wy wedy trinet<br />Kynnwys yg wlat nef adef avneuet</p>
<p>LXXXIV.</p>
<p>Ef gwrthodes tres tra gwyar llyn<br />Ef lladei val dewrdull nyt
echyn<br />Tavloyw ac ysgeth tavlet wydrin<br />A med rac teyrned tavlei
vedin<br />Menit y gynghor men na lleveri<br />Lliaws ac vei anwaws
nyt odewyt<br />Rac ruthyr bwyllyadeu a chledyvawr<br />Lliveit handit
gwelir llavar lleir</p>
<p>LXXXV.</p>
<p>Porthloed vedin<br />Porthloed lain<br />A llu racwed<br />En ragyrwed<br />En
dyd gwned<br />Yg kyvryssed<br />Buant gwychawc<br />Gwede meddawt<br />A
med yuet<br />Ny bu waret<br />An gorwylam<br />Enyd frwythlam<br />Pan
adroder torret ergyr<br />O veirch a gwyr tyngir tynget</p>
<p>LXXXVI.</p>
<p> Pan ym dyvyd lliaws pryder<br /> Pryderaf
fun<br /> Fun en ardec<br /> Aryal
redec<br /> Ar hynt wylaw<br /> Ku
kystudywn<br /> Ku carasswn<br /> Kelleic
faw<br /> Ac argoedwys<br /> Guae
gordyvnwys<br /> Y emdullyaw<br />Ef
dadodes arlluyd pwys ar lles rieu<br /> Ar dilyvyn
goet<br /> Ar diliw hoet<br /> Yr
kyvedeu<br />Kyvedwogant ef an dyduc ar dan adloyw<br /> Ac
ar groen gwynn goscroyw</p>
<p>LXXXVII.</p>
<p>Gereint rac deheu gawr a dodet<br />Lluch gwynn gwynn dwll ar ysgwyt<br />Yor
yspar llary yor<br />Molut mynut mor<br />Gogwneif heissyllut gwgynei
gereint<br />Hael mynawc oedut</p>
<p>LXXXVIII.</p>
<p>Diannot e glot e glutvan<br />Diachor angor ygkyman<br />Diechyr
eryr gwyr govaran<br />Trin odef eidef oed eiryan<br />Ragorei veirch
racvuan<br />En trin lletvegin gwin o bann<br />Kyn glasved a glassu
eu rann<br />Bu gwr gwled od uch med mygyr o bann</p>
<p>LXXXIX.</p>
<p>Dienhyt y bob llawr llanwet<br />E hual amhaual afneuet<br />Twll
tall e rodawr<br />Cas o hir gwythawc<br />Rywonyawc diffreidyeit<br />Eil
gweith gelwideint a mallet<br />Yg catveirch a seirch greulet<br />Bedin
agkysgoget yt vyd cat voryon<br />Cochro llann bann ry godhet<br />Trwm
en trin a llavyn yt lladei<br />Garw rybud o gat dydygei<br />Cann calan
a darmeithei<br />Ef gwenit adan vab ervei<br />Ef gwenit adan dwrch
trahawc<br />Un riein a morwyn a mynawc<br />A phan oed mab teyrn teithyawc<br />Yng
gwyndyt gwaed glyt gwaredawc<br />Kyn golo gweryt ar rud<br />Llary
hael etvynt digythrud<br />O glot a chet echyawc<br />Neut bed garthwys
hir o dir rywonyawc</p>
<p>XC.</p>
<p>Peis dinogat e vreith vreith<br />O grwyn balaot ban wreith<br />Chwit
chwit chwidogeith<br />Gochanwn gochenyn wyth geith<br />Pan elei dy
dat ty e helya<br />Llath ar y ysgwyd llory eny llaw<br />Ef gelwi gwn
gogyhwch<br />Giff gaff dhaly dhaly dhwc dhwc<br />Ef lledi bysc yng
corwc<br />Mal ban llad llew llywywc<br />Pan elei dy dat ty e vynyd<br />Dydygei
ef penn ywrch pen gwythwch penn hyd<br />Penn grugyar vreith o venyd<br />Penn
pysc o rayadyr derwennyd<br />Or sawl yt gyrhaedei dy dat ty ae gicwein<br />O
wythwch a llewyn a llwyuein<br />Nyt anghei oll ny uei oradein</p>
<p>XCI.</p>
<p>Peum dodyw angkyvrwng o angkyuarc<br />Nym daw nym dyvyd a uo trymach<br />Ny
magwyt yn neuad a vei lewach<br />Noc ef nac yng cat a vei wastadach<br />Ac
ar ryt benclwyt pennawt oed e veirch<br />Pellynic e glot pellws e galch<br />A
chyn golo gweir hir a dan dywarch<br />Dyrllydei vedgyrn un mab feruarch</p>
<p>XCII.</p>
<p>Gueleys y dull o bentir a doyn<br />Aberthach coelcerth a emdygyn<br />Gueleys
y deu oc eu tre re ry gwydyn<br />O eir nwython ry godessyn<br />Gueleys
y wyr tylluawr gan waur a doyn<br />A phen dyuynwal vrych brein ae knoyn</p>
<p>XCIII.</p>
<p>Gododin gomynnaf oth blegyt<br />Yg gwyd cant en aryal en emwyt<br />A
guarchan mab dwywei da wrhyt<br />Poet yno en vn tyno treissyt<br />Er
pan want maws mor trin<br />Er pan aeth daear ar aneirin<br />Mi neut
ysgaras nat a gododin</p>
<p>XCIV.</p>
<p>Llech llefdir aryf gardith tith ragon<br />Tec ware rac gododin ystre
anhon<br />Ry duc diwyll o win bebyll ar lles tymyr<br />Tymor tymestyl
tra merin llestyr<br />Tra merin llu llu meithlyon<br />Kein gadrawt
rwyd rac riallu<br />O dindywyt en dyuuwyt yn dyvuu<br />Ysgwyt rugyn
rac doleu trin tal vriw vu</p>
<p>XCV.</p>
<p>Dihenyd y bop llaur llanwet<br />Y haual amhal afneuet<br />Twll
tal y rodauc<br />Cas o hir gwychauc<br />Rywynyauc diffret<br />Eil
with gwelydeint amallet<br />Y gat veirch ae seirch greulet<br />Bit
en anysgoget bit get<br />Uoron gwychyrolyon pan ry godet<br />Trwm
en trin a llain yt ladei<br />Gwaro rybud o gat dydygei<br />Gant can
yg calan darmerthei<br />Ef gwenit a dan vab uruei<br />Ef gwenit a
dan dwrch trahauc<br />Un riein a morwyn a menauc<br />A chan oed mab
brenhin teithiaug<br />Ud gwyndyt gwaet kilyd gwaredawc<br />Kyn golo
gweryt ar grud hael etvynt<br />Doeth dygyrchet y get ae glot ae echiauc<br />Uot
bed gorthyn hir o orthir rywynauc</p>
<p>XCVI.</p>
<p>Am drynnv drylav drylen<br />Am lwys am diffwys dywarchen<br />Trihuc
baruaut dreis dili plec hen<br />Atguuc emorem ae guiau hem<br />Hancai
ureuer uragdenn<br />At gwyr a gwydyl a phrydein<br />At gu kelein rein
rud guen<br />Deheuec gwenauwy mab gwen</p>
<p>XCVII.</p>
<p>Am giniav drylav drylen<br />Trym dwys tra diffwys dywarchen<br />Kemp
e lumen arwr baruawt asgell<br />Vreith edrych eidyn a breithell<br />Goruchyd
y lav loften<br />Ar gynt a gwydyl a phryden<br />A chynhyo mwng bleid
heb pren<br />Eny law gnavt gwychlaut ene lenn<br />Prytwyf ny bei marw
morem<br />Deheuec gwenabwy mab gwen</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines3"><br /><br /><br /></div>
<h2>THE GODODIN.</h2>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines3"><br /><br /><br /></div>
<p>I.</p>
<p>He was a man in mind, in years a youth, <a name="citation79a"></a><a href="#footnote79a">{79a}</a><br />And
gallant in the din of war;<br />Fleet, thick-maned chargers <a name="citation79b"></a><a href="#footnote79b">{79b}</a><br />Were
ridden <a name="citation79c"></a><a href="#footnote79c">{79c}</a> by
the illustrious hero;<br />A shield, light and broad,<br />Hung on the
flank of his swift and slender steed;<br />His sword was blue and gleaming,<br />His
spurs were of gold, <a name="citation80a"></a><a href="#footnote80a">{80a}</a>
his raiment was woollen. <a name="citation80b"></a><a href="#footnote80b">{80b}</a><br />It
will not be my part<br />To speak of thee reproachfully,<br />A more
choice act of mine will be<br />To celebrate thy praise in song;<br />Thou
hast gone to a bloody bier,<br />Sooner than to a nuptial feast; <a name="citation80c"></a><a href="#footnote80c">{80c}</a><br />Thou
hast become a meal for ravens,<br />Ere thou didst reach the front of
conflict. <a name="citation80d"></a><a href="#footnote80d">{80d}</a><br />Alas,
Owain! my beloved friend;<br />It is not meet that he should be devoured
by ravens! <a name="citation81a"></a><a href="#footnote81a">{81a}</a><br />There
is swelling sorrow <a name="citation82a"></a><a href="#footnote82a">{82a}</a>
in the plain,<br />Where fell in death the only son of Marro.</p>
<p>II.</p>
<p>Adorned with his wreath, leader of rustic warriors, <a name="citation82b"></a><a href="#footnote82b">{82b}</a>
whenever he came<br />By his troop unattended, <a name="citation83a"></a><a href="#footnote83a">{83a}</a>
before maidens would he serve the mead;<br />But the front of his shield
would be pierced, <a name="citation83b"></a><a href="#footnote83b">{83b}</a>
if ever he heard<br />The shout of war; no quarter would he give to
those whom he pursued;<br />Nor would he retreat from the combat until
blood flowed;<br />And he cut down like rushes <a name="citation83c"></a><a href="#footnote83c">{83c}</a>
the men who would not yield.<br />The Gododin relates, that on the coast
of Mordei, <a name="citation84a"></a><a href="#footnote84a">{84a}</a><br />Before
the tents of Madog, when he returned,<br />But one man in a hundred
with him came. <a name="citation84b"></a><a href="#footnote84b">{84b}</a></p>
<p>III.</p>
<p>Adorned with his wreath, the chief of toil, his country’s rod
<a name="citation84c"></a><a href="#footnote84c">{84c}</a> of power,<br />Darted
like an eagle <a name="citation84d"></a><a href="#footnote84d">{84d}</a>
to our harbours, <a name="citation84e"></a><a href="#footnote84e">{84e}</a>
when allured<br />To the compact <a name="citation85a"></a><a href="#footnote85a">{85a}</a>
that had been formed; his ensign was beloved, <a name="citation85b"></a><a href="#footnote85b">{85b}</a><br />More
nobly was his emblazoned resolution <a name="citation85c"></a><a href="#footnote85c">{85c}</a>
performed, for he retreated not,<br />With a shrinking mind, <a name="citation85d"></a><a href="#footnote85d">{85d}</a>
before the host of Gododin.<br />Manawyd, <a name="citation85e"></a><a href="#footnote85e">{85e}</a>
with confidence and strength thou pressest upon the tumultuous fight,<br />Nor
dost thou regard <a name="citation86a"></a><a href="#footnote86a">{86a}</a>
either spear or shield;<br />No habitation rich in dainties can be found,<br />That
has been kept out of the reach of thy warriors’ charge. <a name="citation86b"></a><a href="#footnote86b">{86b}</a></p>
<p>IV.</p>
<p>Adorned with a wreath was the leader, <a name="citation87a"></a><a href="#footnote87a">{87a}</a>
the wolf <a name="citation87b"></a><a href="#footnote87b">{87b}</a>
of the holme,<br />Amber beads <a name="citation87c"></a><a href="#footnote87c">{87c}</a>
in ringlets encircled his temples; <a name="citation87d"></a><a href="#footnote87d">{87d}</a><br />Precious
was the amber, worth a banquet of wine. <a name="citation87e"></a><a href="#footnote87e">{87e}</a><br />He
repelled the violence of men, as they glided along;<br />For Venedotia
and the North would have come to his share,<br />By the advice of the
son of Ysgyran, <a name="citation88a"></a><a href="#footnote88a">{88a}</a><br />The
hero of the broken shield. <a name="citation88b"></a><a href="#footnote88b">{88b}</a></p>
<p>V.</p>
<p>Adorned with his wreath was the leader, and armed in the noisy conflict;<br />Chief
object of observation <a name="citation88c"></a><a href="#footnote88c">{88c}</a>
was the hero, and powerful in the gory field,<br />Chief fighter <a name="citation88d"></a><a href="#footnote88d">{88d}</a>
in the advanced division, in front of the hosts;<br />Five battalions
<a name="citation89a"></a><a href="#footnote89a">{89a}</a> fell before
his blades;<br />Even of the men of Deivyr and Bryneich, <a name="citation89b"></a><a href="#footnote89b">{89b}</a>
uttering groans,<br />Twenty hundred perished in one short hour;<br />Sooner
did he feed the wolf <a name="citation90a"></a><a href="#footnote90a">{90a}</a>
with his carcase, than go to the nuptial feast; <a name="citation90b"></a><a href="#footnote90b">{90b}</a><br />He
sooner became the raven’s prey, than approached the altar; <a name="citation90c"></a><a href="#footnote90c">{90c}</a><br />He
had not raised the spear ere his blood streamed to the ground; <a name="citation90d"></a><a href="#footnote90d">{90d}</a><br />This
was the price of mead in the hall, amidst the throng;<br />Hyveidd Hir
<a name="citation90e"></a><a href="#footnote90e">{90e}</a> shall be
celebrated whilst there remains a minstrel.</p>
<p>VI.</p>
<p>The heroes marched to Gododin, and Gognaw laughed, <a name="citation91a"></a><a href="#footnote91a">{91a}</a><br />But
bitter were they in the battle, <a name="citation91b"></a><a href="#footnote91b">{91b}</a>
when they stood arranged according to their several banners;<br />Few
were the years of peace which they had enjoyed;<br />The son of Botgad
caused a throbbing by the energy of his hand;<br />They should have
gone to churches to do penance,<br />The old and the young, the bold
and the mighty; <a name="citation91c"></a><a href="#footnote91c">{91c}</a><br />The
inevitable strife of death was about to pierce them.</p>
<p>VII.</p>
<p>The heroes marched to Gododin, Gwanar <a name="citation92a"></a><a href="#footnote92a">{92a}</a>
laughed,<br />As his jewelled army <a name="citation92b"></a><a href="#footnote92b">{92b}</a>
went down <a name="citation92c"></a><a href="#footnote92c">{92c}</a>
to the terrific toil.<br />Thou slayest them with blades, when there
is not much chattering;<br />Thou, powerful supporter of the living
law, producest the silence of death. <a name="citation92d"></a><a href="#footnote92d">{92d}</a></p>
<p>VIII.</p>
<p>The heroes marched to Cattraeth, loquacious was the host;<br />Blue
<a name="citation93a"></a><a href="#footnote93a">{93a}</a> mead was
their liquor, and it proved their poison; <a name="citation93b"></a><a href="#footnote93b">{93b}</a><br />In
marshalled array they cut through the engines of war; <a name="citation93c"></a><a href="#footnote93c">{93c}</a><br />And
after the joyful cry, silence <a name="citation93d"></a><a href="#footnote93d">{93d}</a>
ensued!<br />They should have gone to churches to perform penance;<br />The
inevitable strife of death was about to pierce them.</p>
<p>IX.</p>
<p>The heroes marched to Cattraeth, filled with mead and drunk,<br />Compact
and vigorous; <a name="citation94a"></a><a href="#footnote94a">{94a}</a>
I should wrong them were I to neglect their fame;<br />Around the mighty,
red, and murky blades,<br />Obstinately and fiercely the dogs of war
<a name="citation94b"></a><a href="#footnote94b">{94b}</a> would fight;<br />If
I had judged you to be of the tribe of Bryneich, <a name="citation94c"></a><a href="#footnote94c">{94c}</a><br />Not
the phantom of a man would I have left alive. <a name="citation94d"></a><a href="#footnote94d">{94d}</a><br />I
lost a friend, myself being unhurt,<br />As he openly withstood the
terror of the parental chief;<br />Magnanimously did he refuse the dowry
of his father-in-law; <a name="citation94e"></a><a href="#footnote94e">{94e}</a><br />Such
was the son of Cian <a name="citation95a"></a><a href="#footnote95a">{95a}</a>
from the stone of Gwyngwn.</p>
<p>X.</p>
<p>The heroes marched to Cattraeth with the dawn;<br />Their peace was
disturbed by those who feared them;<br />A hundred thousand with three
hundred <a name="citation95b"></a><a href="#footnote95b">{95b}</a> engaged
in mutual overthrow;<br />Drenched in gore, they marked the fall of
the lances; <a name="citation96a"></a><a href="#footnote96a">{96a}</a><br />The
post of war <a name="citation96b"></a><a href="#footnote96b">{96b}</a>
was most manfully and with gallantry maintained,<br />Before the retinue
of Mynyddawg the Courteous. <a name="citation96c"></a><a href="#footnote96c">{96c}</a></p>
<p>XI.</p>
<p>The heroes marched to Cattraeth with the dawn;<br />Feelingly did
their relatives <a name="citation96d"></a><a href="#footnote96d">{96d}</a>
regret their absence;<br />Mead they drank, yellow, sweet, ensnaring;<br />That
year is the point to which many <a name="citation96e"></a><a href="#footnote96e">{96e}</a>
a minstrel turns;<br />Redder were their swords than their plumes, <a name="citation97a"></a><a href="#footnote97a">{97a}</a><br />Their
blades were white as lime, <a name="citation97b"></a><a href="#footnote97b">{97b}</a>
and into four parts were their helmets cloven, <a name="citation97c"></a><a href="#footnote97c">{97c}</a><br />Even
those of <a name="citation97d"></a><a href="#footnote97d">{97d}</a>
the retinue of Mynyddawg the Courteous.</p>
<p>XII.</p>
<p>The heroes marched to Cattraeth with the day;<br />Was not the most
celebrated of battles disgraced? <a name="citation97e"></a><a href="#footnote97e">{97e}</a><br />They
put to death <a name="citation98a"></a><a href="#footnote98a">{98a}</a>
Gelorwydd<br />With blades. The gem of Baptism <a name="citation98b"></a><a href="#footnote98b">{98b}</a>was
thus widely taunted;—<br />“Better that you should, ere
you join your kindred,<br />Have a gory unction <a name="citation98c"></a><a href="#footnote98c">{98c}</a>
and death far from your native homes,<br />At the hand of the host of
Gododin, when the day arrives.”<br />Is not a hero’s power
best when tempered with discretion?</p>
<p>XIII.</p>
<p>The hero <a name="citation98d"></a><a href="#footnote98d">{98d}</a>
marched to Cattraeth with the day;<br />Truly <a name="citation99a"></a><a href="#footnote99a">{99a}</a>
he quaffed the white mead on serene nights; <a name="citation99b"></a><a href="#footnote99b">{99b}</a><br />Miserable,
though success had been predicted, <a name="citation99c"></a><a href="#footnote99c">{99c}</a><br />Proved
his mission, which he undertook through soaring ambition; <a name="citation99d"></a><a href="#footnote99d">{99d}</a><br />There
hastened not to Cattraeth<br />A chief, with such a magnificent design
of enterprize<br />Blazoned on his standard;<br />Never was there such
a host<br />From the fort of Eiddin, <a name="citation99e"></a><a href="#footnote99e">{99e}</a><br />That
would scatter abroad the mounted ravagers.<br />Tudvwlch Hir, <a name="citation100a"></a><a href="#footnote100a">{100a}</a>
deprived of <a name="citation100b"></a><a href="#footnote100b">{100b}</a>
his land and towns,<br />Slaughtered the Saxons for seven days; <a name="citation100c"></a><a href="#footnote100c">{100c}</a><br />His
valour should have protected him in freedom; <a name="citation100d"></a><a href="#footnote100d">{100d}</a><br />His
memory is cherished by his fair <a name="citation100e"></a><a href="#footnote100e">{100e}</a>
associates;<br />When Tudvwlch arrived, the supporter of the land, <a name="citation100f"></a><a href="#footnote100f">{100f}</a><br />The
post of the son of Kilydd <a name="citation100g"></a><a href="#footnote100g">{100g}</a>
became a plain of blood.</p>
<p>XIV.</p>
<p>The heroes <a name="citation100h"></a><a href="#footnote100h">{100h}</a>
marched to Cattraeth with the dawn,<br />But none of them received protection
from their shields,<br />To blood they resorted, being assembled in
gleaming armour; <a name="citation101a"></a><a href="#footnote101a">{101a}</a><br />In
the van was, loud as thunder, the din of targets. <a name="citation101b"></a><a href="#footnote101b">{101b}</a><br />The
envious, the fickle, and the base,<br />Would he tear and pierce with
halberts;<br />From an elevated position <a name="citation101c"></a><a href="#footnote101c">{101c}</a>
he slew, with a blade,<br />In iron affliction, <a name="citation101d"></a><a href="#footnote101d">{101d}</a>
their steel-clad commander; <a name="citation101e"></a><a href="#footnote101e">{101e}</a><br />He
subdued the Mordei that owed him homage; <a name="citation101f"></a><a href="#footnote101f">{101f}</a><br />Before
Erthai <a name="citation102a"></a><a href="#footnote102a">{102a}</a>
even an army groaned. <a name="citation102b"></a><a href="#footnote102b">{102b}</a></p>
<p>XV.</p>
<p>When the tale shall be told of the battle of Cattraeth,<br />The
people will utter sighs; <a name="citation102c"></a><a href="#footnote102c">{102c}</a>
long has been their grief on account of the warriors’ absence;<br />There
will be a dominion without a sovereign, <a name="citation102d"></a><a href="#footnote102d">{102d}</a>
and a smoking land.<br />The sons of Godebog, an upright clan,<br />Bore
the furrower <a name="citation102e"></a><a href="#footnote102e">{102e}</a>
on a long bier.<br />Miserable <a name="citation103a"></a><a href="#footnote103a">{103a}</a>
was the fate, though just the necessity,<br />Decreed for Tudvwlch and
Cyvwlch the Tall; <a name="citation103b"></a><a href="#footnote103b">{103b}</a><br />Together
they drank the bright mead by the light <a name="citation103c"></a><a href="#footnote103c">{103c}</a>
of torches, <a name="citation103d"></a><a href="#footnote103d">{103d}</a><br />Though
pleasant to the taste, it proved a lasting foe. <a name="citation103e"></a><a href="#footnote103e">{103e}</a></p>
<p>XVI.</p>
<p>Before, above the splendid fort of Eching <a name="citation103f"></a><a href="#footnote103f">{103f}</a>
he shewed a frowning aspect; <a name="citation103g"></a><a href="#footnote103g">{103g}</a><br />Whilst
young and forward men composed his retinue;<br />Before, on the Bludwe,
<a name="citation104a"></a><a href="#footnote104a">{104a}</a> would
the horn cheer his heart, <a name="citation104b"></a><a href="#footnote104b">{104b}</a><br />Making
all the Mordei full of joy; <a name="citation104c"></a><a href="#footnote104c">{104c}</a><br />Before,
his beverage would be braggett;<br />Before, he displayed the grandeur
of gold and rich purple;<br />Before, pampered steeds would bear him
safe away,<br />Even Gwarthlev, who deserved a comely name; <a name="citation104d"></a><a href="#footnote104d">{104d}</a><br />Before,
the victorious chief would turn aside the ebbing tide;<br />His command
was ever to go forward, <a name="citation105a"></a><a href="#footnote105a">{105a}</a>
loth was he to skulk.</p>
<p>XVII.</p>
<p>And now the early leader,<br />The sun, is about to ascend,<br />Sovereign
of the revolving <a name="citation105b"></a><a href="#footnote105b">{105b}</a>
lights, <a name="citation105c"></a><a href="#footnote105c">{105c}</a><br />In
the heaven of Britain’s isle. <a name="citation105d"></a><a href="#footnote105d">{105d}</a><br />Direful
was the flight before the shaking<br />Of the shield of the pursuing
victor; <a name="citation105e"></a><a href="#footnote105e">{105e}</a><br />Bright
<a name="citation105f"></a><a href="#footnote105f">{105f}</a> was the
horn<br />In the hall of Eiddin; <a name="citation105g"></a><a href="#footnote105g">{105g}</a><br />With
pomp was he bidden <a name="citation105h"></a><a href="#footnote105h">{105h}</a><br />To
the feast of intoxicating mead;<br />He drank the beverage of wine,<br />At
the meeting of reapers; <a name="citation106a"></a><a href="#footnote106a">{106a}</a><br />He
drank transparent wine,<br />With a battle-daring purpose. <a name="citation106b"></a><a href="#footnote106b">{106b}</a><br />The
reapers sang of war,<br />War with the shining wing; <a name="citation106c"></a><a href="#footnote106c">{106c}</a><br />The
minstrels sang of war,<br />Of harnessed <a name="citation106d"></a><a href="#footnote106d">{106d}</a>
war,<br />Of winged war.<br />No shield was unexpanded <a name="citation107a"></a><a href="#footnote107a">{107a}</a><br />In
the conflict of spears;<br />Of equal age they fell <a name="citation107b"></a><a href="#footnote107b">{107b}</a><br />In
the struggle of battle.<br />Unshaken in the tumult,<br />Without dishonour
<a name="citation107c"></a><a href="#footnote107c">{107c}</a> did he
retaliate on the foe;<br />Buried <a name="citation107d"></a><a href="#footnote107d">{107d}</a>
was whoever he willed,<br />Ere the grave of the gigantic <a name="citation107e"></a><a href="#footnote107e">{107e}</a>
Gwrveling<br />Itself became a green sward.</p>
<p>XVIII.</p>
<p>The complement <a name="citation107f"></a><a href="#footnote107f">{107f}</a>
of the surrounding country <a name="citation107g"></a><a href="#footnote107g">{107g}</a><br />Were,
three forward chiefs of the Novantæ; <a name="citation107h"></a><a href="#footnote107h">{107h}</a><br />Five
battalions of five hundred men each; <a name="citation108a"></a><a href="#footnote108a">{108a}</a><br />Three
levies <a name="citation108b"></a><a href="#footnote108b">{108b}</a>
of three hundred each;<br />Three hundred knights of battle <a name="citation108c"></a><a href="#footnote108c">{108c}</a><br />From
Eiddin, arrayed in golden armour;<br />Three loricated hosts,<br />With
three kings wearing the golden torques; <a name="citation108d"></a><a href="#footnote108d">{108d}</a><br />Three
bold knights,<br />With three hundred of equal quality;<br />Three of
the same order, mutually jealous,<br />Bitterly would they chase the
foe,<br />Three dreadful in the toil;<br />They would kill a lion flat
as lead. <a name="citation108e"></a><a href="#footnote108e">{108e}</a><br />There
was in the war a collection of gold. <a name="citation108f"></a><a href="#footnote108f">{108f}</a><br />Three
sovereigns of the people<br />Came from amongst the Brython, <a name="citation109a"></a><a href="#footnote109a">{109a}</a><br />Cynrig
and Cynon <a name="citation109b"></a><a href="#footnote109b">{109b}</a><br />And
Cynrain <a name="citation109c"></a><a href="#footnote109c">{109c}</a>
from Aeron, <a name="citation109d"></a><a href="#footnote109d">{109d}</a><br />To
greet <a name="citation110a"></a><a href="#footnote110a">{110a}</a>
the ashen lances <a name="citation110b"></a><a href="#footnote110b">{110b}</a><br />Of
the men who dropped from Deivyr. <a name="citation110c"></a><a href="#footnote110c">{110c}</a><br />Came
there from the Brython,<br />A better man than Cynon,<br />Who proved
a serpent to his sullen foes?</p>
<p>XIX.</p>
<p>I drank of the wine and the mead of the Mordei;<br />Great was the
quantity of spears,<br />In the assembly of the warriors;<br />He <a name="citation110d"></a><a href="#footnote110d">{110d}</a>
was solemnising a banquet for the eagle.<br />When Cydywal <a name="citation110e"></a><a href="#footnote110e">{110e}</a>
hurried forth to battle, he raised<br />The shout with the green dawn,
and dealt out tribulation, <a name="citation110f"></a><a href="#footnote110f">{110f}</a><br />And
splintered shields about the ground he left,<br />And darts of awful
tearing did he hew down;<br />In the battle, the foremost in the van
he wounded.<br />The son of Syvno, <a name="citation111a"></a><a href="#footnote111a">{111a}</a>
the astronomer, knew,<br />That he who sold his life,<br />In the face
of warning,<br />With sharpened blades would slaughter,<br />But would
himself be slain by spears and crosses. <a name="citation111b"></a><a href="#footnote111b">{111b}</a><br />According
to the compact, <a name="citation111c"></a><a href="#footnote111c">{111c}</a>
he meditated a convenient attack,<br />And would boast <a name="citation111d"></a><a href="#footnote111d">{111d}</a>
of a pile of carcases<br />Of gallant men of toil,<br />Whom in the
upper part of Gwynedd <a name="citation111e"></a><a href="#footnote111e">{111e}</a>
he pierced.</p>
<p>XX.</p>
<p>I drank of the wine and the mead of the Mordei,<br />And because
I drank, I fell by the edge of a gleaming sword, <a name="citation112a"></a><a href="#footnote112a">{112a}</a><br />Not
without desiring a hero’s prowess; <a name="citation112b"></a><a href="#footnote112b">{112b}</a><br />And
when all fell, thou didst also fall. <a name="citation112c"></a><a href="#footnote112c">{112c}</a><br />Thus
when the issue comes, it were well not to have sinned.<br />Present,
in his thrusting course, showed a bold and mighty arm. <a name="citation112d"></a><a href="#footnote112d">{112d}</a></p>
<p>XXI.</p>
<p>The heroes who marched to Cattraeth were renowned,<br />Wine and
mead out of golden goblets was their beverage,<br />That year was to
them one of exalted solemnity,<br />Three hundred and sixty-three chieftains,
wearing the golden torques; <a name="citation113a"></a><a href="#footnote113a">{113a}</a><br />Of
those who hurried forth after the excess of revelling,<br />But three
escaped by valour from the funeral fosse, <a name="citation113b"></a><a href="#footnote113b">{113b}</a><br />The
two war-dogs <a name="citation114a"></a><a href="#footnote114a">{114a}</a>
of Aeron, and Cynon the dauntless, <a name="citation114b"></a><a href="#footnote114b">{114b}</a><br />And
myself, from the spilling of blood, the reward of my candid song. <a name="citation114c"></a><a href="#footnote114c">{114c}</a></p>
<p>XXII.</p>
<p>My friend in real distress, we should have been by none disturbed,<br />Had
not the white-bannered commander <a name="citation115a"></a><a href="#footnote115a">{115a}</a>
led forth his army;<br />We should not <a name="citation115b"></a><a href="#footnote115b">{115b}</a>
have been separated in the hall from the banquet of mead,<br />Had he
not laid waste our convenient groves; <a name="citation115c"></a><a href="#footnote115c">{115c}</a><br />He
crept into the martial field, he crept into our families. <a name="citation115d"></a><a href="#footnote115d">{115d}</a><br />The
Gododin relates how that, after the fight in the fosse,<br />When we
had no dwellings, <a name="citation116a"></a><a href="#footnote116a">{116a}</a>
none were more destitute. <a name="citation116b"></a><a href="#footnote116b">{116b}</a></p>
<p>XXIII.</p>
<p>Scattered, broken, motionless is the weapon, <a name="citation116c"></a><a href="#footnote116c">{116c}</a><br />That
used to penetrate through the great horde, <a name="citation116d"></a><a href="#footnote116d">{116d}</a>
the numerous <a name="citation117a"></a><a href="#footnote117a">{117a}</a>
horde of the Lloegrians. <a name="citation117b"></a><a href="#footnote117b">{117b}</a><br />Shields
were strewn on the sea coast, <a name="citation117c"></a><a href="#footnote117c">{117c}</a>
shields in the battle of lances;<br />Men were reduced to ashes, <a name="citation117d"></a><a href="#footnote117d">{117d}</a><br />And
women rendered widows,<br />Before his death. <a name="citation117e"></a><a href="#footnote117e">{117e}</a><br />O
Graid, son of Hoewgi, <a name="citation117f"></a><a href="#footnote117f">{117f}</a><br />With
thy spears<br />Didst thou cause an effusion of blood.</p>
<p>XXIV.</p>
<p>There was the hero, with both his shoulders covered, <a name="citation118a"></a><a href="#footnote118a">{118a}</a><br />By
a variegated shield, and possessing the swiftness of a warlike steed;<br />There
was a noise in the mount of slaughter, <a name="citation118b"></a><a href="#footnote118b">{118b}</a>
there was fire, <a name="citation118c"></a><a href="#footnote118c">{118c}</a><br />Impetuous
were the lances, there was a sunny gleam, <a name="citation118d"></a><a href="#footnote118d">{118d}</a><br />There
was food for ravens, the raven there did triumph, <a name="citation118e"></a><a href="#footnote118e">{118e}</a><br />And
before he would let them go free,<br />With the morning dew, like the
eagle in his glad course,<br />He scattered them on either side, and
like a billow overwhelmed them in front.<br />The Bards of the world
judge those to be men of valour,<br />Whose counsels are not divulged
to slaves. <a name="citation119a"></a><a href="#footnote119a">{119a}</a><br />The
spears in the hands of the warriors were causing devastation;<br />And
ere was interred under <a name="citation119b"></a><a href="#footnote119b">{119b}</a>
the swan-white steed, <a name="citation119c"></a><a href="#footnote119c">{119c}</a><br />One
who had been energetic in his commands,<br />His gore had thoroughly
washed his armour: <a name="citation119d"></a><a href="#footnote119d">{119d}</a><br />Such
was Buddvan, <a name="citation119e"></a><a href="#footnote119e">{119e}</a>
the son of Bleiddvan the Bold.</p>
<p>XXV.</p>
<p>It were wrong not to record his magnificent feat;<br />He would not
leave an open gap, through cowardice; <a name="citation120a"></a><a href="#footnote120a">{120a}</a><br />The
benefit of Britain’s minstrels never quitted his court<br />Upon
the calends of January; <a name="citation120b"></a><a href="#footnote120b">{120b}</a>
according to his design, <a name="citation120c"></a><a href="#footnote120c">{120c}</a><br />His
land should not be ploughed, though it might become wild;<br />He was
a mighty dragon of indignant disposition;<br />A commander in the bloody
field, <a name="citation120d"></a><a href="#footnote120d">{120d}</a>
after the feast of wine,<br />Was Gwenabwy <a name="citation121a"></a><a href="#footnote121a">{121a}</a>
the son of Gwên, <a name="citation121b"></a><a href="#footnote121b">{121b}</a>
in the strife of Cattraeth.</p>
<p>XXVI.</p>
<p>True it was, as the songs relate, <a name="citation121c"></a><a href="#footnote121c">{121c}</a><br />No
one’s steeds <a name="citation121d"></a><a href="#footnote121d">{121d}</a>
overtook Marchleu;<br />The lances <a name="citation121e"></a><a href="#footnote121e">{121e}</a>
hurled by the commanding earl,<br />In his prancing career, <a name="citation121f"></a><a href="#footnote121f">{121f}</a>
strewed a thick path;<br />As he had been reared for slaughter by the
aid of my mother, <a name="citation121g"></a><a href="#footnote121g">{121g}</a><br />Furious
was the stroke of his sword whilst lending support to others; <a name="citation121h"></a><a href="#footnote121h">{121h}</a><br />Ashen
shafts were scattered from the grasp of his hand, <a name="citation122a"></a><a href="#footnote122a">{122a}</a><br />Above
the narrow summit <a name="citation122b"></a><a href="#footnote122b">{122b}</a>
of the solemn pile, <a name="citation122c"></a><a href="#footnote122c">{122c}</a><br />The
place where one caused the smoke to ascend; <a name="citation122d"></a><a href="#footnote122d">{122d}</a><br />He
would slaughter with the blade, whilst his arms were full of furze;
<a name="citation122e"></a><a href="#footnote122e">{122e}</a><br />As
when a reaping comes in the interval of fine weather, <a name="citation122f"></a><a href="#footnote122f">{122f}</a><br />Would
Marchleu <a name="citation123a"></a><a href="#footnote123a">{123a}</a>
make the blood to flow.</p>
<p>XXVII.</p>
<p>Lower down <a name="citation123b"></a><a href="#footnote123b">{123b}</a>
was sent from the southern region, <a name="citation123c"></a><a href="#footnote123c">{123c}</a><br />One
whose conduct <a name="citation123d"></a><a href="#footnote123d">{123d}</a>
resembled the flowing sea; <a name="citation123e"></a><a href="#footnote123e">{123e}</a><br />He
was full of modesty and gentleness,<br />When allowed to quaff the mead:<br />But
along the rampart to Offer, <a name="citation123f"></a><a href="#footnote123f">{123f}</a>
even to the point of Maddeu, <a name="citation123g"></a><a href="#footnote123g">{123g}</a><br />Enraged,
he was glutted with carnage, and scattering, with desolation; <a name="citation124a"></a><a href="#footnote124a">{124a}</a><br />His
sword resounded on the heads of mothers;<br />He was an ardent spirit,
<a name="citation124b"></a><a href="#footnote124b">{124b}</a> praise
be to him, the son of Gwyddneu. <a name="citation124c"></a><a href="#footnote124c">{124c}</a></p>
<p>XXVIII.</p>
<p>Caredig, <a name="citation124d"></a><a href="#footnote124d">{124d}</a>
lovely is his fame;<br />He would protect and guard his ensign,<br />Gentle,
<a name="citation125a"></a><a href="#footnote125a">{125a}</a> lowly,
calm, before the day arrived<br />When he the pomp of war should learn;<br />When
comes the appointed time of the friend of song, <a name="citation125b"></a><a href="#footnote125b">{125b}</a><br />May
he recognise his home in the heavenly region.</p>
<p>XXIX.</p>
<p>Ceredig, <a name="citation125c"></a><a href="#footnote125c">{125c}</a>
amiable leader,<br />A wrestler <a name="citation126a"></a><a href="#footnote126a">{126a}</a>
in the impetuous <a name="citation126b"></a><a href="#footnote126b">{126b}</a>
fight;<br />His golden shield dazzled <a name="citation126c"></a><a href="#footnote126c">{126c}</a>
the field of battle,<br />His lances, when darted, were shivered into
splinters,<br />And the stroke of his sword was fierce and penetrating;<br />Like
a hero would he maintain his post.<br />Before he received the affliction
of earth, <a name="citation126d"></a><a href="#footnote126d">{126d}</a>
before the fatal blow,<br />He had fulfilled his duty in guarding his
station.<br />May he find a complete reception<br />With the Trinity
in perfect Unity.</p>
<p>XXX.</p>
<p>When Caradawg <a name="citation126e"></a><a href="#footnote126e">{126e}</a>
rushed into battle,<br />It was like the tearing onset of the woodland
boar; <a name="citation127a"></a><a href="#footnote127a">{127a}</a><br />Bull
of the army in the mangling fight,<br />He allured the wild dogs by
the action of his hand; <a name="citation127b"></a><a href="#footnote127b">{127b}</a><br />My
witnesses <a name="citation127c"></a><a href="#footnote127c">{127c}</a>
are Owain the son of Eulat,<br />And Gwrien, and Gwynn, and Gwriad;
<a name="citation127d"></a><a href="#footnote127d">{127d}</a><br />But
from Cattraeth, and its work of carnage, <a name="citation127e"></a><a href="#footnote127e">{127e}</a><br />From
the hill of Hydwn, ere it was gained, <a name="citation127f"></a><a href="#footnote127f">{127f}</a><br />After
the clear mead was put into his hand,<br />He saw no more the hill <a name="citation128a"></a><a href="#footnote128a">{128a}</a>
of his father.</p>
<p>XXXI.</p>
<p>The warriors marched with speed, together they bounded onward;<br />Short
lived were they,—they had become drunk over the distilled mead.<br />The
retinue of Mynyddawg, renowned <a name="citation128b"></a><a href="#footnote128b">{128b}</a>
in the hour of need;<br />Their life was the price of their banquet
of mead.<br />Caradawg, <a name="citation128c"></a><a href="#footnote128c">{128c}</a>
and Madawg, <a name="citation128d"></a><a href="#footnote128d">{128d}</a>
Pyll, and Ieuan,<br />Gwgawn, <a name="citation129a"></a><a href="#footnote129a">{129a}</a>
and Gwiawn, Gwynn <a name="citation129b"></a><a href="#footnote129b">{129b}</a>
and Cynvan,<br />Peredur <a name="citation129c"></a><a href="#footnote129c">{129c}</a>
with steel arms, Gwawrddur, <a name="citation129d"></a><a href="#footnote129d">{129d}</a>
and Aeddan; <a name="citation129e"></a><a href="#footnote129e">{129e}</a><br />A
defence were they in the tumult, though with shattered shields; <a name="citation130a"></a><a href="#footnote130a">{130a}</a><br />When
they were slain, they also slaughtered;<br />Not one to his native home
returned.</p>
<p>XXXII.</p>
<p>The heroes marched with speed, together were they regaled<br />That
year over mead, and mighty was their design;<br />How sad to mention
them, <a name="citation130b"></a><a href="#footnote130b">{130b}</a>
how doleful their commemoration! <a name="citation130c"></a><a href="#footnote130c">{130c}</a><br />Poison
is the home to which they have returned, they are not as sons by mothers
nursed; <a name="citation130d"></a><a href="#footnote130d">{130d}</a><br />How
long our vexation, how long our regret,<br />For the brave warriors,
whose native place was the feast of wine! <a name="citation130e"></a><a href="#footnote130e">{130e}</a><br />Gwlyget
<a name="citation131a"></a><a href="#footnote131a">{131a}</a> of Gododin,
having partaken of the speech inspiring<br />Banquet of Mynyddawg, performed
illustrious deeds, <a name="citation131b"></a><a href="#footnote131b">{131b}</a><br />And
paid a price <a name="citation131c"></a><a href="#footnote131c">{131c}</a>
for the purchase of the battle of Cattraeth.</p>
<p>XXXIII.</p>
<p>The heroes went to Cattraeth in marshalled array, and with shout
of war, <a name="citation131d"></a><a href="#footnote131d">{131d}</a><br />With
powerful steeds, <a name="citation131e"></a><a href="#footnote131e">{131e}</a>
and dark brown harness, and with shields,<br />With uplifted <a name="citation131f"></a><a href="#footnote131f">{131f}</a>
javelins, and piercing lances,<br />With glittering mail, and with swords.<br />He
excelled, and penetrated through the host,<br />Five battalions fell
before his blade;<br />Rhuvawn Hir, <a name="citation132a"></a><a href="#footnote132a">{132a}</a>—he
gave gold <a name="citation132b"></a><a href="#footnote132b">{132b}</a>
to the altar,<br />And gifts and precious stones <a name="citation132c"></a><a href="#footnote132c">{132c}</a>
to the minstrel.</p>
<p>XXXIV.</p>
<p>No hall <a name="citation132d"></a><a href="#footnote132d">{132d}</a>
was ever made so eminently perfect,<br />So great, so magnificent for
the slaughter; <a name="citation133a"></a><a href="#footnote133a">{133a}</a><br />Morien
<a name="citation133b"></a><a href="#footnote133b">{133b}</a> procured
<a name="citation133c"></a><a href="#footnote133c">{133c}</a> and spread
the fire,<br />And would not say but that Cynon <a name="citation133d"></a><a href="#footnote133d">{133d}</a>
should see <a name="citation133e"></a><a href="#footnote133e">{133e}</a>
the corpse<br />Of one harnessed, armed with a pike, and of a wide spread
fame; <a name="citation133f"></a><a href="#footnote133f">{133f}</a><br />His
sword resounded on the summit occupied by the camp, <a name="citation133g"></a><a href="#footnote133g">{133g}</a><br />Nor
was he moved <a name="citation134a"></a><a href="#footnote134a">{134a}</a>
aside in his course by a ponderous stone from the wall of the fort,
<a name="citation134b"></a><a href="#footnote134b">{134b}</a><br />And
never again will the son of Peithan <a name="citation134c"></a><a href="#footnote134c">{134c}</a>
be moved.</p>
<p>XXXV.</p>
<p>No hall was ever made so impregnable; <a name="citation134d"></a><a href="#footnote134d">{134d}</a><br />Had
not Morien been like Caradawg, <a name="citation134e"></a><a href="#footnote134e">{134e}</a><br />The
forward Mynawg, <a name="citation134f"></a><a href="#footnote134f">{134f}</a>
with his heavy armour, <a name="citation134g"></a><a href="#footnote134g">{134g}</a>
would not have escaped;<br />Enraged, he was fiercer than the son of
Pherawg, <a name="citation135a"></a><a href="#footnote135a">{135a}</a><br />Stout
his hand, and, mounted on his steed, <a name="citation135b"></a><a href="#footnote135b">{135b}</a>
he dealt out flames upon the retreating foe.<br />Terrible in the city
was the cry of the timid multitude,<br />The van of the army of Gododin
was scattered;<br />His buckler <a name="citation135c"></a><a href="#footnote135c">{135c}</a>
was winged with fire for the slaughter;<br />In the day of his wrath
<a name="citation135d"></a><a href="#footnote135d">{135d}</a> he was
nimble—a destructive retaliator;<br />The dependants of Mynyddawg
deserved their horns of mead.</p>
<p>XXXVI.</p>
<p>No hall was ever made so immoveable<br />As that of Cynon with the
gentle breast, sovereign of the saints; <a name="citation135e"></a><a href="#footnote135e">{135e}</a><br />He
sat no longer on his elevated throne, <a name="citation136a"></a><a href="#footnote136a">{136a}</a><br />Whom
he pierced were not pierced again, <a name="citation136b"></a><a href="#footnote136b">{136b}</a><br />Keen
was the point of his lance,<br />It perforated the enamelled armour,
it penetrated through the troops;<br />Swift in the van were his horses,
in front they tore along;<br />In the day of his anger <a name="citation136c"></a><a href="#footnote136c">{136c}</a>
blasting was his blade,<br />When Cynon rushed into battle with the
green dawn.</p>
<p>XXXVII.</p>
<p>A grievous descent was made upon his native territory;<br />He <a name="citation136d"></a><a href="#footnote136d">{136d}</a>
suffered an encroachment—he fixed a limit;<br />His spear forcibly
pushed the laughing chiefs of war;<br />Even as far as Ephyd <a name="citation137a"></a><a href="#footnote137a">{137a}</a>
reached the valour of the forward Elphin:<br />The furze was kindled
by the ardent spirit, the bull of conflict.</p>
<p>XXXVIII.</p>
<p>A grievous descent was made upon his native territory,<br />The price
of mead in the hall, and the feast of wine;<br />His blades were scattered
about between the two hosts;<br />Illustrious was the knight in front
of Gododin;<br />The furze was kindled by the ardent spirit, the bull
of conflict. <a name="citation138a"></a><a href="#footnote138a">{138a}</a></p>
<p>XXXIX.</p>
<p>A grievous descent was made in front of the extended riches, <a name="citation138b"></a><a href="#footnote138b">{138b}</a><br />But
the army turned aside, with trailing <a name="citation138c"></a><a href="#footnote138c">{138c}</a>
shields,<br />And those shields were shivered before the herd of the
roaring Beli. <a name="citation138d"></a><a href="#footnote138d">{138d}</a><br />A
dwarf from the bloody field hastened to the fence; <a name="citation139a"></a><a href="#footnote139a">{139a}</a><br />And
on our side there came a hoary headed man, our chief counsellor, <a name="citation139b"></a><a href="#footnote139b">{139b}</a><br />Mounted
on a prancing iebald psteed, and wearing the golden chain.<br />The
Boar <a name="citation139c"></a><a href="#footnote139c">{139c}</a> proposed
a compact in front of the course—the great plotter;<br />Right
worthy <a name="citation139d"></a><a href="#footnote139d">{139d}</a>
was the shout of our refusal,<br />And we cried “Let heaven be
our protection,<br />Let his compact be that he should be prostrated
by the spear in battle, <a name="citation139e"></a><a href="#footnote139e">{139e}</a><br />Our
warriors, in respect of their far famed fosse, <a name="citation139f"></a><a href="#footnote139f">{139f}</a><br />Would
not quarrel if a host were there to press the ground.”</p>
<p>XL.</p>
<p>For the piercing <a name="citation140a"></a><a href="#footnote140a">{140a}</a>
of the skilful and most learned man, <a name="citation140b"></a><a href="#footnote140b">{140b}</a><br />For
the fair corpse which fell prostrate on the ground,<br />For the cutting
<a name="citation140c"></a><a href="#footnote140c">{140c}</a> of his
hair from his head,<br />For Gwydien, the eagle of the air, <a name="citation140d"></a><a href="#footnote140d">{140d}</a><br />Did
Gwyddwg <a name="citation141a"></a><a href="#footnote141a">{141a}</a>
bring protection to the field, <a name="citation141b"></a><a href="#footnote141b">{141b}</a><br />Resembling
and honouring his master.<br />Morien of the blessed song, brought protection<br />To
the ruined hall, <a name="citation141c"></a><a href="#footnote141c">{141c}</a>
and cleft the heads<br />Of the first in youth, in strength, and in
old age.<br />Equal to three men, though a maid, was Bradwen; <a name="citation141d"></a><a href="#footnote141d">{141d}</a><br />Equal
to twelve was Gwenabwy, the son of Gwen. <a name="citation141e"></a><a href="#footnote141e">{141e}</a></p>
<p>XLI.</p>
<p>For the piercing of the skilful and most learned woman,<br />Her
servant bore a shield in the action,<br />And with energy his sword
fell upon the heads of the foe;<br />In Lloegyr the churls cut their
way before the chieftain. <a name="citation142a"></a><a href="#footnote142a">{142a}</a><br />He
who grasps the mane of a wolf, without a club <a name="citation142b"></a><a href="#footnote142b">{142b}</a><br />In
his hand, will have it gorgeously emblazoned on his robe. <a name="citation142c"></a><a href="#footnote142c">{142c}</a><br />In
the engagement of wrath and carnage,<br />Bradwen perished,—she
did not escape.</p>
<p>XLII.</p>
<p>Carcases <a name="citation142d"></a><a href="#footnote142d">{142d}</a>
of gold mailed warriors lay upon the city walls;<br />None of the houses
or cities of Christians <a name="citation142e"></a><a href="#footnote142e">{142e}</a>
was any longer actively engaged in war; <a name="citation142f"></a><a href="#footnote142f">{142f}</a><br />But
one feeble man, with his shouts, kept aloof<br />The roving birds; <a name="citation143a"></a><a href="#footnote143a">{143a}</a><br />Truly
Syll of Virein <a name="citation143b"></a><a href="#footnote143b">{143b}</a>
reports that there were more<br />That had chanced to come from Llwy,
<a name="citation143c"></a><a href="#footnote143c">{143c}</a><br />From
around the inlet of the flood;<br />He reports that there were more,<br />At
the hour of mattins, <a name="citation143d"></a><a href="#footnote143d">{143d}</a><br />Than
the morning breeze could well support.</p>
<p>XLIII.</p>
<p>When thou, famous conqueror!<br />Wast protecting the ear of corn
in the uplands,<br />Deservedly were we said to run <a name="citation144a"></a><a href="#footnote144a">{144a}</a>
like marked men; <a name="citation144b"></a><a href="#footnote144b">{144b}</a><br />The
entrance to Din Drei <a name="citation144c"></a><a href="#footnote144c">{144c}</a>
was not guarded,<br />There was a mountain with riches <a name="citation144d"></a><a href="#footnote144d">{144d}</a>
for those who should approach it,<br />And there was a city <a name="citation144e"></a><a href="#footnote144e">{144e}</a>
for the army that should venture to enter;<br />But Gwynwydd’s
name was not heard where his person was not seen. <a name="citation144f"></a><a href="#footnote144f">{144f}</a></p>
<p>XLIV.</p>
<p>Though there be a hundred men in one house,<br />I know the cares
of war, <a name="citation145a"></a><a href="#footnote145a">{145a}</a><br />The
chief of the men must pay the contribution. <a name="citation145b"></a><a href="#footnote145b">{145b}</a></p>
<p>LXV.</p>
<p>I am not headstrong and petulant,<br />I will not avenge myself on
him who drives me on, <a name="citation145c"></a><a href="#footnote145c">{145c}</a><br />I
will not laugh in derision;<br />This particle <a name="citation145d"></a><a href="#footnote145d">{145d}</a>
shall go under foot. <a name="citation145e"></a><a href="#footnote145e">{145e}</a><br />My
limbs <a name="citation145f"></a><a href="#footnote145f">{145f}</a>
are racked,<br />And I am loaded, <a name="citation146a"></a><a href="#footnote146a">{146a}</a><br />In
the subterraneous house;<br />An iron chain<br />Passes over my two
knees;<br />Yet of the mead and of the horn, <a name="citation146b"></a><a href="#footnote146b">{146b}</a><br />And
of the host of Cattraeth,<br />I Aneurin will sing <a name="citation146c"></a><a href="#footnote146c">{146c}</a><br />What
is known to Taliesin,<br />Who communicates to me his thoughts, <a name="citation146d"></a><a href="#footnote146d">{146d}</a><br />Or
a strain of Gododin,<br />Before the dawn of the bright day. <a name="citation146e"></a><a href="#footnote146e">{146e}</a></p>
<p>XLVI.</p>
<p>The chief exploit of the North <a name="citation146f"></a><a href="#footnote146f">{146f}</a>
did the hero accomplish,<br />Of a gentle breast, a more liberal lord
could not be seen,<br />Earth does not support, <a name="citation147a"></a><a href="#footnote147a">{147a}</a>
nor has mother borne<br />Such an illustrious, powerful, steel clad
warrior;<br />By the force of his gleaming sword he protected me,<br />From
the cruel subterraneous prison he brought me out,<br />From the chamber
of death, from a hostile region;<br />Such was Ceneu, son of Llywarch,
energetic and bold. <a name="citation147b"></a><a href="#footnote147b">{147b}</a></p>
<p>XLVII.</p>
<p>He would not bear the reproach of a congress, <a name="citation147c"></a><a href="#footnote147c">{147c}</a><br />Senyllt,
<a name="citation147d"></a><a href="#footnote147d">{147d}</a> with his
vessels full of mead;—<br />His sword rang <a name="citation148a"></a><a href="#footnote148a">{148a}</a>
for deeds of violence,<br />He shouted and bounded with aid for the
war,<br />And with his arm proved a comprehensive <a name="citation148b"></a><a href="#footnote148b">{148b}</a>
support, <a name="citation148c"></a><a href="#footnote148c">{148c}</a><br />Against
the armies of Gododin and Bryneich.<br />Booths for the horses were
prepared in the hall, <a name="citation148d"></a><a href="#footnote148d">{148d}</a><br />There
was streaming gore, and dark brown harness,<br />And from his hand issued
a thread <a name="citation148e"></a><a href="#footnote148e">{148e}</a>
of gleam; <a name="citation148f"></a><a href="#footnote148f">{148f}</a><br />Like
a hunter shooting with the bow<br />Was Gwen; <a name="citation148g"></a><a href="#footnote148g">{148g}</a>
and the attacking parties mutually pushed each other,<br />Friend and
foe by turns;<br />The warriors did not cut their way to flee, <a name="citation148h"></a><a href="#footnote148h">{148h}</a><br />But
were the generous defenders of every region.</p>
<p>XLVIII.</p>
<p>To Llech Leucu, <a name="citation149a"></a><a href="#footnote149a">{149a}</a>
the land of Lleu, <a name="citation149b"></a><a href="#footnote149b">{149b}</a>
and Lleudvre, <a name="citation149c"></a><a href="#footnote149c">{149c}</a><br />To
the course of Gododin,<br />And to the course of Ragno, close at hand,<br />Even
that hand which directed the splendour of battle,<br />With the branch
of Caerwys, <a name="citation149d"></a><a href="#footnote149d">{149d}</a><br />Before
it was shattered<br />By the season of the storm,—by the storm
of the season, <a name="citation149e"></a><a href="#footnote149e">{149e}</a><br />To
form a rank against a hundred thousand men, <a name="citation149f"></a><a href="#footnote149f">{149f}</a><br />Coming
from Dindovydd,<br />In the region of Dyvneint, <a name="citation150a"></a><a href="#footnote150a">{150a}</a><br />Deeply
did they design, <a name="citation150b"></a><a href="#footnote150b">{150b}</a><br />Sharply
did they pierce,<br />Wholly did they chant,<br />Even the army with
the battered shields;<br />And before the bull of conflict,<br />The
hostile van was broken.</p>
<p>XLIX.</p>
<p>The foes have in sorrow greatly trembled,<br />Since the battle of
most active tumult,<br />At the border of Ban Carw; <a name="citation150c"></a><a href="#footnote150c">{150c}</a><br />Round
the border of Ban Carw<br />The fingers of Brych <a name="citation150d"></a><a href="#footnote150d">{150d}</a>
were hurt by the shaft of a spear. <a name="citation150e"></a><a href="#footnote150e">{150e}</a><br />In
defence of Pwyll, <a name="citation150f"></a><a href="#footnote150f">{150f}</a>
of Disteir and Distar,<br />In defence of Pwyll, of Rodri, and of Rhychwardd,<br />A
stout <a name="citation151a"></a><a href="#footnote151a">{151a}</a>
bow was spent by Rhys <a name="citation151b"></a><a href="#footnote151b">{151b}</a>
in Rhiwdrech;<br />They that were not bold would not attain their purpose;<br />None
escaped that was once overtaken and pierced. <a name="citation151c"></a><a href="#footnote151c">{151c}</a></p>
<p>L.</p>
<p>Not meetly was his buckler pierced<br />Upon the flank of his steed;
<a name="citation151d"></a><a href="#footnote151d">{151d}</a><br />Not
meetly did he mount <a name="citation152a"></a><a href="#footnote152a">{152a}</a><br />His
long legged, slender, grey charger;<br />Dark was his shaft, dark,<br />Darker
was his saddle; <a name="citation152b"></a><a href="#footnote152b">{152b}</a><br />Thy
hero <a name="citation152c"></a><a href="#footnote152c">{152c}</a> is
in a cell, <a name="citation152d"></a><a href="#footnote152d">{152d}</a><br />Gnawing
the shoulder of a buck, <a name="citation152e"></a><a href="#footnote152e">{152e}</a><br />May
his hand triumph,<br />But far be the shoulder of venison. <a name="citation152f"></a><a href="#footnote152f">{152f}</a></p>
<p>LI.</p>
<p>It is well that Adonwy came to the support of Gwen; <a name="citation153a"></a><a href="#footnote153a">{153a}</a><br />Bradwen
<a name="citation153b"></a><a href="#footnote153b">{153b}</a> abandoned
the foaming brine,<br />And fought, slaughtered, and burned, though
Morien<br />She did not surpass in martial deeds.<br />Thou didst not
regard the rear or the van<br />Of the towering, unhelmetted <a name="citation153c"></a><a href="#footnote153c">{153c}</a>
presence;<br />Thou didst not observe the great swelling sea of knights,<br />That
would mangle, and grant no shelter to the Saxons. <a name="citation153d"></a><a href="#footnote153d">{153d}</a></p>
<p>LII.</p>
<p>Gododin! in respect of thee will I demand <a name="citation154a"></a><a href="#footnote154a">{154a}</a><br />The
dales beyond the ridge of Drum Essyd; <a name="citation154b"></a><a href="#footnote154b">{154b}</a><br />The
slave, <a name="citation154c"></a><a href="#footnote154c">{154c}</a>
greedy of wealth, cannot control himself;<br />By the counsel of thy
son, <a name="citation154d"></a><a href="#footnote154d">{154d}</a> let
thy valour shine forth.<br />The place appointed for the conference<br />Was
not mean, <a name="citation154e"></a><a href="#footnote154e">{154e}</a>
in front of Llanveithin; <a name="citation154f"></a><a href="#footnote154f">{154f}</a><br />From
twilight to twilight he revelled; <a name="citation154g"></a><a href="#footnote154g">{154g}</a><br />Splendid
and full was the purple of the pilgrim; <a name="citation154h"></a><a href="#footnote154h">{154h}</a><br />He
killed the defenceless, <a name="citation154i"></a><a href="#footnote154i">{154i}</a>
the delight of the bulwark of toil, <a name="citation154j"></a><a href="#footnote154j">{154j}</a><br />His
inseparable companion, whose voice was like that of Aneurin. <a name="citation155a"></a><a href="#footnote155a">{155a}</a></p>
<p>LIII.</p>
<p>Together arise the foremost fighting warriors, <a name="citation155b"></a><a href="#footnote155b">{155b}</a><br />And
in a body march to Cattraeth, with noise and eager speed;<br />The effects
<a name="citation155c"></a><a href="#footnote155c">{155c}</a> of the
mead in the hall, and of the beverage of wine.<br />Blades were scattered
between the two armies<br />By an illustrious knight, in front of Gododin.<br />Furze
was set on fire by the ardent spirit, the bull of battle. <a name="citation155d"></a><a href="#footnote155d">{155d}</a></p>
<p>LIV.</p>
<p>Together arise the expert warriors,<br />And the stranger, <a name="citation155e"></a><a href="#footnote155e">{155e}</a>
the man with the crimson robe, pursue;<br />The encampment is broken
down by the gorgeous pilgrim, <a name="citation156a"></a><a href="#footnote156a">{156a}</a><br />Where
the young deer were in full melody. <a name="citation156b"></a><a href="#footnote156b">{156b}</a><br />Amongst
the spears of Brych <a name="citation156c"></a><a href="#footnote156c">{156c}</a>
thou couldst see no rods; <a name="citation156d"></a><a href="#footnote156d">{156d}</a><br />With
the base the worthy can have no concord; <a name="citation156e"></a><a href="#footnote156e">{156e}</a><br />Morial
<a name="citation156f"></a><a href="#footnote156f">{156f}</a> in pursuit
will not countenance their dishonourable deeds,<br />With his steel
blade ready for the effusion of blood.</p>
<p>LV.</p>
<p>Together arise the associated <a name="citation156g"></a><a href="#footnote156g">{156g}</a>
warriors,<br />Strangers to the country, their deeds shall be proclaimed;<br />There
was slaughtering with axes and blades, <a name="citation157a"></a><a href="#footnote157a">{157a}</a><br />And
there was raising large cairns over the heroes of toil.</p>
<p>LVI.</p>
<p>The experienced <a name="citation157b"></a><a href="#footnote157b">{157b}</a>
warriors met together,<br />And all with one accord sallied forth; <a name="citation157c"></a><a href="#footnote157c">{157c}</a><br />Short
were their lives, long is the grief of those who loved them;<br />Seven
times their number of Lloegrians had they slain;<br />After the conflict
their wives <a name="citation157d"></a><a href="#footnote157d">{157d}</a>
raised a scream; <a name="citation157e"></a><a href="#footnote157e">{157e}</a><br />And
many a mother has the tear on her eyelash.</p>
<p>LVII.</p>
<p>No hall was ever made so faultless;<br />Nor was there a lion so
generous, a majestic lion on the path, so kind <a name="citation158a"></a><a href="#footnote158a">{158a}</a><br />As
Cynon of the gentle breast, the most comely lord.<br />The fame <a name="citation158b"></a><a href="#footnote158b">{158b}</a>
of the city extends to the remotest parts;<br />It was the staying <a name="citation158c"></a><a href="#footnote158c">{158c}</a>
shelter of the army, the benefit of flowing melody. <a name="citation158d"></a><a href="#footnote158d">{158d}</a><br />Of
those whom I have seen, or shall hereafter see<br />On earth, engaged
in arms, the battle cry, and war, <a name="citation159a"></a><a href="#footnote159a">{159a}</a>
the most heroic was he,<br />Who slew the mounted ravagers with the
keenest blade;<br />Like rushes did they fall before his hand.<br />O
son of Clydno, <a name="citation159b"></a><a href="#footnote159b">{159b}</a>
of lasting <a name="citation159c"></a><a href="#footnote159c">{159c}</a>
fame! I will sing to thee<br />A song of praise, without beginning,
<a name="citation159d"></a><a href="#footnote159d">{159d}</a> without
end.</p>
<p>LVIII.</p>
<p>After the feast of wine and the banquet of mead,<br />Enriched with
the first fruits of slaughter,<br />The mother of Spoliation, <a name="citation159e"></a><a href="#footnote159e">{159e}</a><br />Was
the energetic Eidol; <a name="citation159f"></a><a href="#footnote159f">{159f}</a><br />He
honoured the mount of the van, <a name="citation160a"></a><a href="#footnote160a">{160a}</a><br />In
the presence of Victory.<br />The hovering ravens,<br />Ascend in the
sky; <a name="citation160b"></a><a href="#footnote160b">{160b}</a><br />The
foremost spearmen around him thicken, <a name="citation160c"></a><a href="#footnote160c">{160c}</a><br />Like
a crop of green barley, <a name="citation160d"></a><a href="#footnote160d">{160d}</a><br />Without
the semblance of a retreat.<br />Warriors in wonder shake their javelins,<br />With
pouting and pallid lips,<br />Caused by the keenness of the destructive
sword;<br />From the front of the banquet, deprived of sleep<br />They
vigorously spring forth, <a name="citation161a"></a><a href="#footnote161a">{161a}</a>
upon the awaking<br />Of the mother <a name="citation161b"></a><a href="#footnote161b">{161b}</a>
of the Lance, the leader of the din.</p>
<p>LIX.</p>
<p>From the feast of wine and the banquet of mead, they marched<br />To
the strife of mail-clad warriors; <a name="citation161c"></a><a href="#footnote161c">{161c}</a><br />I
know no tale of slaughter which records<br />So complete a destruction.<br />Before
Cattraeth loquacious was the host;<br />But of the retinue of Mynyddawg,
greatly to be deplored, <a name="citation162a"></a><a href="#footnote162a">{162a}</a><br />Out
of three hundred <a name="citation162b"></a><a href="#footnote162b">{162b}</a>
men, only one returned.</p>
<p>LX.</p>
<p>From the feast of wine and the banquet of mead, with speed they marched,<br />Men
renowned in difficulty, prodigal of their lives;<br />In fairest order
<a name="citation162c"></a><a href="#footnote162c">{162c}</a> round
the viands they together feasted;<br />Wine and mead and tribute <a name="citation162d"></a><a href="#footnote162d">{162d}</a>
they enjoyed.<br />From the retinue of Mynyddawg ruin has come to me;
<a name="citation163a"></a><a href="#footnote163a">{163a}</a><br />And
I have lost my general <a name="citation163b"></a><a href="#footnote163b">{163b}</a>
and <a name="citation163c"></a><a href="#footnote163c">{163c}</a> my
true friends.<br />Of the regal army of three hundred men that hastened
to Cattraeth,<br />Alas! none have returned, save one alone.</p>
<p>LXI.</p>
<p>Impetuous as a ball, <a name="citation163d"></a><a href="#footnote163d">{163d}</a>
in the combat of spears, was Present,<br />And on his horse would he
be found, when not at home;<br />Yet illusive <a name="citation163e"></a><a href="#footnote163e">{163e}</a>
was the aid which he brought against Gododin;<br />For though apart
from the wine and mead he was unrestrained,<br />He perished <a name="citation164a"></a><a href="#footnote164a">{164a}</a>
on the course;<br />And red stained warriors ride <a name="citation164b"></a><a href="#footnote164b">{164b}</a><br />The
steeds of the knight, who had been in the morning bold.</p>
<p>LXII.</p>
<p>Angor, <a name="citation164c"></a><a href="#footnote164c">{164c}</a>
thou who scatterest the brave,<br />And piercest <a name="citation164d"></a><a href="#footnote164d">{164d}</a>
the sullen like a serpent;<br />Thou tramplest upon those who in strong
mail are clad,<br />In front of the army; <a name="citation164e"></a><a href="#footnote164e">{164e}</a><br />Like
an enraged bear, guarding and assaulting, <a name="citation164f"></a><a href="#footnote164f">{164f}</a><br />Thou
tramplest upon the furious, <a name="citation165a"></a><a href="#footnote165a">{165a}</a><br />In
the day of capture,<br />In the dank entrenchment; <a name="citation165b"></a><a href="#footnote165b">{165b}</a><br />Like
the mangling dwarf, <a name="citation165c"></a><a href="#footnote165c">{165c}</a><br />Who
in his fury prepared<br />A banquet for the birds,<br />In the tumultuous
fight.<br />Cywir <a name="citation165d"></a><a href="#footnote165d">{165d}</a>
art thou named from thy righteous (<i>enwir</i>) deed;<br />Leader,
director, and bulwark (<i>mur</i>) of the course of battle <a name="citation165e"></a><a href="#footnote165e">{165e}</a><br />Is
Merin; <a name="citation165f"></a><a href="#footnote165f">{165f}</a>
and fortunately (<i>mad</i>) wert thou, Madien, born.</p>
<p>LXIII.</p>
<p>It is incumbent to sing of the complete acquisition<br />Of the warriors,
who at Cattraeth made a tumultuous rout,<br />With confusion and blood,
and treading and trampling;<br />Men of toil <a name="citation166a"></a><a href="#footnote166a">{166a}</a>
were trampled because of the contribution of mead in the horn; <a name="citation166b"></a><a href="#footnote166b">{166b}</a><br />But
the carnage of the combatants <a name="citation166c"></a><a href="#footnote166c">{166c}</a><br />Cannot
be described even by the cup of bounty, <a name="citation166d"></a><a href="#footnote166d">{166d}</a><br />After
the excitement of the battle is over,<br />Notwithstanding so much splendid
eloquence.</p>
<p>LXIV.</p>
<p>It is incumbent to sing of so much renown,<br />The tumult of fire,
of thunder, and tempest,<br />The glorious gallantry of the knight of
conflict. <a name="citation167a"></a><a href="#footnote167a">{167a}</a><br />The
ruddy reapers of war are thy desire, <a name="citation167b"></a><a href="#footnote167b">{167b}</a><br />Thou
man of toil, <a name="citation167c"></a><a href="#footnote167c">{167c}</a>
but the worthless thou beheadest; <a name="citation167d"></a><a href="#footnote167d">{167d}</a><br />The
whole length of the land shall hear of thee in battle;<br />With thy
shield upon thy shoulder, thou dost incessantly cleave<br />With thy
blade, <a name="citation167e"></a><a href="#footnote167e">{167e}</a>
until blood flows <a name="citation167f"></a><a href="#footnote167f">{167f}</a>
like bright wine out of glass vessels; <a name="citation167g"></a><a href="#footnote167g">{167g}</a><br />As
the contribution <a name="citation168a"></a><a href="#footnote168a">{168a}</a>
for mead thou claimest gold;<br />Wine nourished was Gwaednerth, <a name="citation168b"></a><a href="#footnote168b">{168b}</a>
the son of Llywri.</p>
<p>LXV.</p>
<p>It is incumbent to sing of the gay and illustrious tribes, <a name="citation168c"></a><a href="#footnote168c">{168c}</a><br />That,
after the fatal fight, <a name="citation168d"></a><a href="#footnote168d">{168d}</a>
filled the river Aeron; <a name="citation168e"></a><a href="#footnote168e">{168e}</a><br />Their
grasp satisfied the hunger <a name="citation168f"></a><a href="#footnote168f">{168f}</a>
of the eagles of Clwyd, <a name="citation168g"></a><a href="#footnote168g">{168g}</a><br />And
prepared food for the birds of prey.<br />Of those who went to Cattraeth,
wearers of the golden chain,<br />Upon the message of Mynyddawg, sovereign
of the people,<br />There came not honourably <a name="citation169a"></a><a href="#footnote169a">{169a}</a>
in behalf <a name="citation169b"></a><a href="#footnote169b">{169b}</a>
of the Brython,<br />To Gododin, a hero from afar who was better than
Cynon.</p>
<p>LXVI.</p>
<p>It is incumbent to sing of so many men of skill, <a name="citation169c"></a><a href="#footnote169c">{169c}</a><br />Who
in their halls <a name="citation169d"></a><a href="#footnote169d">{169d}</a>
once led a merry life: <a name="citation169e"></a><a href="#footnote169e">{169e}</a><br />Ambitious
<a name="citation169f"></a><a href="#footnote169f">{169f}</a> and bold,
all round the world would Eidol <a name="citation169g"></a><a href="#footnote169g">{169g}</a>
seek for melody;<br />But notwithstanding gold, and fine steeds, and
intoxicating mead,<br />Only one man of these, who loved the world,
returned,<br />Cynddilig of Aeron, one of the Novantian heroes. <a name="citation169h"></a><a href="#footnote169h">{169h}</a></p>
<p>LXVII.</p>
<p>It is incumbent to sing of the gay and illustrious tribes,<br />That
went upon the message of Mynyddawg, sovereign of the people,<br />And
the daughter <a name="citation170a"></a><a href="#footnote170a">{170a}</a>
of Eudav the Tall, of a faultless gait, <a name="citation170b"></a><a href="#footnote170b">{170b}</a><br />Apparelled
in her purple robes, thoroughly and truly splendid.</p>
<p>LXVIII.</p>
<p>The soldiers <a name="citation171a"></a><a href="#footnote171a">{171a}</a>
celebrated the praise of the Holy One,<br />And in their <a name="citation171b"></a><a href="#footnote171b">{171b}</a>
presence was kindled a fire that raged on high.<br />On Tuesday they
put on their dark-brown garments; <a name="citation171c"></a><a href="#footnote171c">{171c}</a><br />On
Wednesday they purified their enamelled armour;<br />On Thursday their
destruction was certain;<br />On Friday was brought carnage all around;<br />On
Saturday their joint labour was useless;<br />On Sunday their blades
assumed a ruddy hue;<br />On Monday was seen a pool knee deep of blood.
<a name="citation171d"></a><a href="#footnote171d">{171d}</a><br />The
Gododin relates that after the toil,<br />Before the tents of Madog,
when he returned,<br />Only one man in a hundred with him came. <a name="citation172a"></a><a href="#footnote172a">{172a}</a></p>
<p>LXIX.</p>
<p>At the early dawn of morn, <a name="citation172b"></a><a href="#footnote172b">{172b}</a><br />There
was a battle at the fall of the river, <a name="citation172c"></a><a href="#footnote172c">{172c}</a>
in front of the course; <a name="citation172d"></a><a href="#footnote172d">{172d}</a><br />The
pass and the knoll were pervaded with fire; <a name="citation172e"></a><a href="#footnote172e">{172e}</a><br />Like
a boar didst thou <a name="citation172f"></a><a href="#footnote172f">{172f}</a>
lead to the mount;<br />The wealth <a name="citation172g"></a><a href="#footnote172g">{172g}</a>
of the hill, and the place,<br />And the dark brown hawks <a name="citation173a"></a><a href="#footnote173a">{173a}</a>
were stained with gore. <a name="citation173b"></a><a href="#footnote173b">{173b}</a></p>
<p>LXX.</p>
<p>Quickly rising, in a moment of time, <a name="citation173c"></a><a href="#footnote173c">{173c}</a><br />After
kindling a fire at the confluence, <a name="citation173d"></a><a href="#footnote173d">{173d}</a>
in front of the fence, <a name="citation173e"></a><a href="#footnote173e">{173e}</a><br />After
leading his men in close array,<br />In front of a hundred he pierces
the foremost. <a name="citation173f"></a><a href="#footnote173f">{173f}</a><br />Sad
it was that you should have made a pool of blood,<br />As if you but
drank mead in the midst of laughter; <a name="citation174a"></a><a href="#footnote174a">{174a}</a><br />But
it was brave of you to slay the little man, <a name="citation174b"></a><a href="#footnote174b">{174b}</a><br />With
the fierce and impetuous stroke of the sword;<br />For like the unrestrained
ocean <a name="citation174c"></a><a href="#footnote174c">{174c}</a>
had the foe <a name="citation174d"></a><a href="#footnote174d">{174d}</a>
put to death<br />A man, who would otherwise have been in rank his equal.</p>
<p>LXXI.</p>
<p>He fell headlong down the precipice, <a name="citation174e"></a><a href="#footnote174e">{174e}</a><br />And
the bushes <a name="citation174f"></a><a href="#footnote174f">{174f}</a>
supported not his noble <a name="citation174g"></a><a href="#footnote174g">{174g}</a>
head;<br />It was a violation of privilege to kill him on the breach,
<a name="citation175a"></a><a href="#footnote175a">{175a}</a><br />It
was a primary law that Owain should ascend upon the course, <a name="citation175b"></a><a href="#footnote175b">{175b}</a><br />And
extend before the onset the branch of peace, <a name="citation175c"></a><a href="#footnote175c">{175c}</a><br />And
that he should pursue the study of meet <a name="citation175d"></a><a href="#footnote175d">{175d}</a>
and learned strains.<br />Excellent man, the assuager of tumult and
battle,<br />Whose very grasp dreaded a sword, <a name="citation175e"></a><a href="#footnote175e">{175e}</a><br />And
who bore in his hand an empty corslet. <a name="citation175f"></a><a href="#footnote175f">{175f}</a><br />O
sovereign, dispense rewards<br />Out of his earthly shrine. <a name="citation176a"></a><a href="#footnote176a">{176a}</a></p>
<p>LXXII.</p>
<p>Eidol, with frigid blood and pale complexion,<br />Spreading carnage,
when the maid was supreme in judgment; <a name="citation176b"></a><a href="#footnote176b">{176b}</a><br />Owner
of horses and strong trappings,<br />And transparent <a name="citation176c"></a><a href="#footnote176c">{176c}</a>
shields,<br />Instantaneously makes an onset,—ascending and descending.</p>
<p>LXXIII.</p>
<p>The leader of war with eagerness <a name="citation177a"></a><a href="#footnote177a">{177a}</a>
conducts the battle,<br />Mallet of the land, <a name="citation177b"></a><a href="#footnote177b">{177b}</a>
he loved the mighty reapers; <a name="citation177c"></a><a href="#footnote177c">{177c}</a><br />Stout
youth, the freshness of his form was stained with blood,<br />His accoutrements
resounded, his chargers made a clang; <a name="citation177d"></a><a href="#footnote177d">{177d}</a><br />His
cheeks <a name="citation177e"></a><a href="#footnote177e">{177e}</a>
are covered with armour,<br />And thus, image of death, he scatters
desolation in the toil;<br />In the first onset his lances penetrate
the targets, <a name="citation177f"></a><a href="#footnote177f">{177f}</a><br />And
a track of surrounding light is made by the aim of the darting of his
spears.</p>
<p>LXXIV.</p>
<p>The saints <a name="citation178a"></a><a href="#footnote178a">{178a}</a>
exert their courage, <a name="citation178b"></a><a href="#footnote178b">{178b}</a>
for the destruction of thy retreat, <a name="citation178c"></a><a href="#footnote178c">{178c}</a><br />And
the cellar, <a name="citation178d"></a><a href="#footnote178d">{178d}</a>
which contained, and where was brewed <a name="citation178e"></a><a href="#footnote178e">{178e}</a><br />The
mead, that sweet ensnarer.<br />With the dawn does Gwrys <a name="citation178f"></a><a href="#footnote178f">{178f}</a>
make the battle clash;<br />Fair gift, <a name="citation178g"></a><a href="#footnote178g">{178g}</a>—marshal
of the Lloegrian tribes; <a name="citation178h"></a><a href="#footnote178h">{178h}</a><br />Penance
he inflicts until repentance ensues; <a name="citation178i"></a><a href="#footnote178i">{178i}</a><br />May
the dependants of Gwynedd hear of his renown;<br />With his ashen shaft
he pierces to the grave;<br />Pike of the conflict of Gwynedd,<br />Bull
of the host, oppressor of the battle of princes; <a name="citation179a"></a><a href="#footnote179a">{179a}</a><br />Though
thou hast kindled the land <a name="citation179b"></a><a href="#footnote179b">{179b}</a>
before thy fall,<br />At the extreme boundary <a name="citation179c"></a><a href="#footnote179c">{179c}</a>
of Gododin will be thy grave.</p>
<p>LXXV.</p>
<p>Involved in vapours was the man <a name="citation179d"></a><a href="#footnote179d">{179d}</a>
accustomed to armies,<br />High minded, bitter handed leader of the
forces; <a name="citation179e"></a><a href="#footnote179e">{179e}</a><br />He
was expert, and ardent, and stately,<br />Though at the social banquet
he was not harsh. <a name="citation180a"></a><a href="#footnote180a">{180a}</a><br />They
<a name="citation180b"></a><a href="#footnote180b">{180b}</a> removed
and possessed his valuable treasures,<br />And not the image of a thing
for the benefit of the region was left.</p>
<p>LXXVI.</p>
<p>We are called! The sea and the borders are in conflict; <a name="citation180c"></a><a href="#footnote180c">{180c}</a><br />Spears
are mutually darting, spears all equally destructive;<br />Impelled
are sharp weapons of iron, <a name="citation180d"></a><a href="#footnote180d">{180d}</a>
gashing is the blade, <a name="citation180e"></a><a href="#footnote180e">{180e}</a><br />And
with a clang the sock <a name="citation180f"></a><a href="#footnote180f">{180f}</a>
descends upon the pate;<br />A successful warrior was Fflamddwr <a name="citation180g"></a><a href="#footnote180g">{180g}</a>
against the enemy.</p>
<p>LXXVII.</p>
<p>He supported martial steeds and harness of war;<br />Drenched with
gore, on the red-stained field of Cattraeth,<br />The foremost shaft
in the host is held by the consumer of forts, <a name="citation181a"></a><a href="#footnote181a">{181a}</a><br />The
brave <a name="citation181b"></a><a href="#footnote181b">{181b}</a>
dog of battle, upon the towering hill.<br />We are called to the gleaming
<a name="citation181c"></a><a href="#footnote181c">{181c}</a> post of
assault,<br />By the beckoning hand <a name="citation181d"></a><a href="#footnote181d">{181d}</a>
of Heiddyn, <a name="citation181e"></a><a href="#footnote181e">{181e}</a>
the ironclad chief.</p>
<p>LXXVIII.</p>
<p>The sovereign, who is celebrated in the Gododin, <a name="citation181f"></a><a href="#footnote181f">{181f}</a><br />The
sovereign, for whom our eye-lids <a name="citation182a"></a><a href="#footnote182a">{182a}</a>
weep,<br />From the raging flame of Eiddyn <a name="citation182b"></a><a href="#footnote182b">{182b}</a>
turned not aside; <a name="citation182c"></a><a href="#footnote182c">{182c}</a><br />He
stationed men of firmness in command, <a name="citation182d"></a><a href="#footnote182d">{182d}</a><br />And
the thick covering guard <a name="citation182e"></a><a href="#footnote182e">{182e}</a>
he placed in the van,<br />And vigorously he descended upon the scattered
foe;<br />In that he had revelled, he likewise sustained the main weight;<br />Of
the retinue of Mynyddawg, none escaped,<br />Save one man by slow steps,
thoroughly weakened, and tottering every way. <a name="citation182f"></a><a href="#footnote182f">{182f}</a></p>
<p>LXXIX.</p>
<p>Having sustained a loss, <a name="citation182g"></a><a href="#footnote182g">{182g}</a>
Moried bore no shield,<br />But traversed the strand <a name="citation183a"></a><a href="#footnote183a">{183a}</a>
to set the ground on fire;<br />Firmly he grasped in his hand a blue
blade,<br />And a shaft ponderous as the chief priest’s <a name="citation183b"></a><a href="#footnote183b">{183b}</a>
crozier;<br />He rode a grey stately <a name="citation183c"></a><a href="#footnote183c">{183c}</a>
headed charger,<br />And beneath his blade there was a dreadful fall
of slaughter;<br />When overpowered <a name="citation183d"></a><a href="#footnote183d">{183d}</a>
he fled not from the battle,—<br />Even he who poured out to us
the famous mead, that sweet ensnarer.</p>
<p>LXXX.</p>
<p>I beheld the array from the highland of Adowyn, <a name="citation183e"></a><a href="#footnote183e">{183e}</a><br />And
the sacrifice brought down to the omen fire; <a name="citation183f"></a><a href="#footnote183f">{183f}</a><br />I
saw what was usual, a continual running towards the town, <a name="citation184a"></a><a href="#footnote184a">{184a}</a><br />And
the men of Nwython inflicting sharp wounds;<br />I saw warriors in complete
order approaching with a shout,<br />And the head of Dyvnwal Vrych <a name="citation184b"></a><a href="#footnote184b">{184b}</a>
by ravens <a name="citation184c"></a><a href="#footnote184c">{184c}</a>
devoured.</p>
<p>LXXXI.</p>
<p>Blessed Conqueror, of temper mild, the strength <a name="citation184d"></a><a href="#footnote184d">{184d}</a>
of his people,<br />With his blue streamers displayed towards the sea-roving
foes. <a name="citation185a"></a><a href="#footnote185a">{185a}</a><br />Brave
is he on the waters, most numerous his host;<br />Manly his bosom, loud
his shout in the charge of arms.<br />Usual was it for him <a name="citation185b"></a><a href="#footnote185b">{185b}</a>
to make a descent before nine armaments, <a name="citation185c"></a><a href="#footnote185c">{185c}</a><br />With
propulsive strokes, <a name="citation185d"></a><a href="#footnote185d">{185d}</a>
in the face of blood and of the country.<br />I love thy victorious
throne, which teemed with harmonious strains.<br />O Cynddilig of Aeron,
<a name="citation185e"></a><a href="#footnote185e">{185e}</a> thou lion’s
whelp.</p>
<p>LXXXII.</p>
<p>I could wish to have been the first to shed my blood in Cattraeth,<br />As
the price <a name="citation186a"></a><a href="#footnote186a">{186a}</a>
of the mead and beverage of wine in the hall;<br />I could wish to have
been hurt by the blade of the sword,<br />Ere he was slain on the green
plain of Uphin. <a name="citation186b"></a><a href="#footnote186b">{186b}</a><br />I
loved the son of renown, who sustained the bloody fight, <a name="citation186c"></a><a href="#footnote186c">{186c}</a><br />And
made his sword descend upon the violent.<br />Can a tale of valour be
related before Gododin,<br />In which the son of Ceidiaw <a name="citation186d"></a><a href="#footnote186d">{186d}</a>
has not his fame as a man of war?</p>
<p>LXXXIII.</p>
<p>Sad it is for me, after all our toil,<br />To suffer the pang of
death through indiscretion;<br />And doubly grievous and sad for me
to see<br />Our men falling headlong to the ground, <a name="citation187a"></a><a href="#footnote187a">{187a}</a><br />Breathing
the lengthened sigh, and covered with reproaches.<br />After the strenuous
warriors have extended their country’s bounds,<br />Rhuvawn <a name="citation187b"></a><a href="#footnote187b">{187b}</a>
and Gwgawn, <a name="citation187c"></a><a href="#footnote187c">{187c}</a>
Gwiawn and Gwlyged, <a name="citation187d"></a><a href="#footnote187d">{187d}</a><br />Men
at their post most gallant, valiant in difficulties,<br />May their
souls, now that their conflict is ended, <a name="citation187e"></a><a href="#footnote187e">{187e}</a><br />Be
received into the heavenly region, the abode of tranquillity.</p>
<p>LXXXIV.</p>
<p>Tres repelled the foe through <a name="citation188a"></a><a href="#footnote188a">{188a}</a>
a pool of gore,<br />And slaughtered like a hero such as asked no quarter,
<a name="citation188b"></a><a href="#footnote188b">{188b}</a><br />With
a sling and a spear; <a name="citation188c"></a><a href="#footnote188c">{188c}</a>—he
flung off his glass goblet<br />Containing the mead, <a name="citation188d"></a><a href="#footnote188d">{188d}</a>
and in defence of his sovereignty overthrew an army;<br />His counsel
always prevailed, and the multitude would not speak before him, <a name="citation188e"></a><a href="#footnote188e">{188e}</a><br />Whilst
those that were cowards were not left alive,<br />Before the onset of
his battle-axes, <a name="citation188f"></a><a href="#footnote188f">{188f}</a>
and his sharpened sword, <a name="citation188g"></a><a href="#footnote188g">{188g}</a><br />And
where his blue banner was seen to wave. <a name="citation188h"></a><a href="#footnote188h">{188h}</a></p>
<p>LXXXV.</p>
<p>There was a reinforcement of <a name="citation189a"></a><a href="#footnote189a">{189a}</a>
troops,<br />A supply of penetrating weapons,<br />And a host of men
in the vanguard,<br />Presenting a menacing front;<br />In the days
of strenuous exertion,<br />In the eager conflict,<br />They displayed
their valour.<br />After the intoxication,<br />When they drank the
mead,<br />Not one was spared.<br />Though Gorwylam<br />Was awhile
successful,<br />When the retort was made, it broke the charge<br />Of
the horses and men, by fate decreed.</p>
<p>LXXXVI.</p>
<p>When the host of Pryder <a name="citation189b"></a><a href="#footnote189b">{189b}</a>
arrives,<br />I anxiously count <a name="citation190a"></a><a href="#footnote190a">{190a}</a>
the bands,<br />Eleven complete battalions;<br />There is now a precipitate
flight <a name="citation190b"></a><a href="#footnote190b">{190b}</a><br />Along
the road of lamentation.<br />Affectionately have I deplored, <a name="citation190c"></a><a href="#footnote190c">{190c}</a><br />Dearly
have I loved,<br />The illustrious dweller of the wood, <a name="citation190d"></a><a href="#footnote190d">{190d}</a><br />And
the men of Argoed, <a name="citation190e"></a><a href="#footnote190e">{190e}</a><br />Accustomed,
in the open plain, <a name="citation191a"></a><a href="#footnote191a">{191a}</a><br />To
marshal their troops.<br />For the benefit of the chiefs, the lord of
the war <a name="citation191b"></a><a href="#footnote191b">{191b}</a><br />Laid
upon rough <a name="citation191c"></a><a href="#footnote191c">{191c}</a>
boards,<br />Midst a deluge of grief,<br />The viands for the banquet,<br />Where
they caroused together;—he conducted us to a bright <a name="citation191d"></a><a href="#footnote191d">{191d}</a>
fire,<br />And to a carpet of white and fresh <a name="citation191e"></a><a href="#footnote191e">{191e}</a>
hide.</p>
<p>LXXXVII.</p>
<p>Geraint, <a name="citation191f"></a><a href="#footnote191f">{191f}</a>
from the South, did raise a shout,<br />And on the white water <a name="citation192a"></a><a href="#footnote192a">{192a}</a>
was his buckler pierced. <a name="citation192b"></a><a href="#footnote192b">{192b}</a><br />Lord
of the spear, a gentle lord!<br />The praise of mountain and sea<br />Will
he render our youth, even thou, Geraint, wilt render them,<br />Who
hast been a generous commander.</p>
<p>LXXXVIII.</p>
<p>Instantaneously is his fame wafted on high;<br />His anchors <a name="citation192c"></a><a href="#footnote192c">{192c}</a>
from the scene of action <a name="citation192d"></a><a href="#footnote192d">{192d}</a>
cannot be restrained.<br />Unflinching eagle <a name="citation192e"></a><a href="#footnote192e">{192e}</a>
of the forward heroes,<br />He bore the toil, and brilliant was his
zeal;<br />The fleetest coursers he outstripped in war,<br />But was
quite a lamb <a name="citation193a"></a><a href="#footnote193a">{193a}</a>
when the wine from the goblet flowed.<br />Ere he reached the grassy
tomb, and his cheeks became pale in death, <a name="citation193b"></a><a href="#footnote193b">{193b}</a><br />He
presided over the banquet of mead, and honoured it with the generous
horn. <a name="citation193c"></a><a href="#footnote193c">{193c}</a></p>
<p>LXXXIX.</p>
<p>Ruin <a name="citation193d"></a><a href="#footnote193d">{193d}</a>
he brought upon every fair region, <a name="citation193e"></a><a href="#footnote193e">{193e}</a><br />And
a fettering valour he displayed; <a name="citation193f"></a><a href="#footnote193f">{193f}</a><br />The
front of his shield was pierced.<br />Caso Hir, <a name="citation194a"></a><a href="#footnote194a">{194a}</a>
when roused to anger,<br />Defended Rhuvoniawg. <a name="citation194b"></a><a href="#footnote194b">{194b}</a><br />A
second time they <a name="citation194c"></a><a href="#footnote194c">{194c}</a>
challenged, <a name="citation194d"></a><a href="#footnote194d">{194d}</a>
and were crushed<br />By the warlike steeds with gory trappings.<br />His
martial nobles <a name="citation194e"></a><a href="#footnote194e">{194e}</a>
formed a firm array,<br />And the field was reddened, when he was greatly
affronted;<br />Severe in the conflict, with blades he slaughtered,<br />And
sad news <a name="citation194f"></a><a href="#footnote194f">{194f}</a>
from the war he brought,<br />Which he wove <a name="citation195a"></a><a href="#footnote195a">{195a}</a>
into a song for the calends of January. <a name="citation195b"></a><a href="#footnote195b">{195b}</a><br />Adan,
<a name="citation195c"></a><a href="#footnote195c">{195c}</a> the son
of Ervai, there did pierce,<br />Adan pierced the haughty boar;<br />Even
he, who was like a dame, a virgin, and a hero. <a name="citation195d"></a><a href="#footnote195d">{195d}</a><br />And
when the youth thus possessed the properties of a king, <a name="citation195e"></a><a href="#footnote195e">{195e}</a><br />He,
stained with blood, brought deliverance to Gwynedd,<br />Ere the turf
was laid upon the gentle face<br />Of the generous dead; but now undisturbed<br />In
regard to fame and gain, he reposes in the grave,<br />Namely, Garthwys
Hir, <a name="citation196a"></a><a href="#footnote196a">{196a}</a> from
the land of Rhuvoniawg.</p>
<p>XC.</p>
<p>The garment of Tinogad, <a name="citation196b"></a><a href="#footnote196b">{196b}</a>
which was of divers colours,<br />Made of the speckled skins of young
wolves,<br />His jerks and starts and juggling motion,<br />I fain would
lampoon, they were lampooned by his eight slaves. <a name="citation196c"></a><a href="#footnote196c">{196c}</a><br />When
thy father went out to hunt,<br />With his pole upon his shoulder, and
his provisions in his hand,<br />He would call to his dogs that were
of equal size,<br />Catch it, catch it—seize it, seize it—bring
it, bring it;<br />He would kill a fish in his coracle,<br />Even as
a princely lion in his fury <a name="citation197a"></a><a href="#footnote197a">{197a}</a>
kills his prey;<br />When thy father climbed up the mountain,<br />He
brought back the head <a name="citation197b"></a><a href="#footnote197b">{197b}</a>
of a roebuck, <a name="citation197c"></a><a href="#footnote197c">{197c}</a>
the head of a wild boar, the head of a stag,<br />The head of a grey
moor hen from the hill,<br />The head of a fish from the falls of the
Derwent; <a name="citation197d"></a><a href="#footnote197d">{197d}</a><br />As
many as thy father could reach with his flesh piercer,<br />Of wild
boars, lions, and foxes, <a name="citation197e"></a><a href="#footnote197e">{197e}</a><br />It
was certain death to them all, <a name="citation197f"></a><a href="#footnote197f">{197f}</a>
unless they proved too nimble.</p>
<p>XCI.</p>
<p>Were he to narrow <a name="citation198a"></a><a href="#footnote198a">{198a}</a>
my dominions through extortion, <a name="citation198b"></a><a href="#footnote198b">{198b}</a><br />The
arrival of no enemy would prove to me more formidable. <a name="citation198c"></a><a href="#footnote198c">{198c}</a><br />The
man has not been nursed who could be more festive in the hall<br />Than
he, or steadier in the field of battle.<br />On the ford of Penclwyd
<a name="citation198d"></a><a href="#footnote198d">{198d}</a> Pennant
were his steeds;<br />Far spread was his fame, compact was his armour;<br />And
ere the long grass covered him beneath the sod,<br />He, the only son
of Morarch, <a name="citation198e"></a><a href="#footnote198e">{198e}</a>
poured out the horns of mead.</p>
<p>XCII.</p>
<p>I saw the array from the highland of Adoen,<br />Carrying the sacrifice
to the omen fire; <a name="citation199a"></a><a href="#footnote199a">{199a}</a><br />I
saw the two, <a name="citation199b"></a><a href="#footnote199b">{199b}</a>
who from their station quickly and heavily fell;<br />By the commands
of Nwython, greatly were they afflicted.<br />I saw the warriors, who
had made the great breach, approaching with the dawn, <a name="citation199c"></a><a href="#footnote199c">{199c}</a><br />And
the head of Dyvnwal Vrych by ravens devoured.</p>
<p>XCIII.</p>
<p>Gododin, in respect of thee will I demand, <a name="citation199d"></a><a href="#footnote199d">{199d}</a><br />In
the presence <a name="citation199e"></a><a href="#footnote199e">{199e}</a>
of a hundred that are named <a name="citation199f"></a><a href="#footnote199f">{199f}</a>
with deeds of valour,<br />And of Gwarthan the son of Dwywau, <a name="citation200a"></a><a href="#footnote200a">{200a}</a>
of gallant bravery,<br />Let Tre Essyd be ours in one entire dale. <a name="citation200b"></a><a href="#footnote200b">{200b}</a><br />Since
the stabbing of the delight of the bulwark of battle,<br />Since Aneurin
was under ground, <a name="citation200c"></a><a href="#footnote200c">{200c}</a><br />My
voice has not been divorced from Gododin.</p>
<p>XCIV.</p>
<p>Echo speaks of the formidable <a name="citation200d"></a><a href="#footnote200d">{200d}</a>
and dragon-like <a name="citation200e"></a><a href="#footnote200e">{200e}</a>
weapons,<br />And of the fair game, <a name="citation200f"></a><a href="#footnote200f">{200f}</a>
which was played in front of the unclaimed course of Gododin.<br />Profusely
did he bring a supply <a name="citation200g"></a><a href="#footnote200g">{200g}</a>
of wine into the tents, for the benefit of the natives, <a name="citation200h"></a><a href="#footnote200h">{200h}</a><br />In
the season of the storm, as long as it trickled from the vessels,<br />And
the army, a well nourished host, continued to drop in.<br />A splendid
troop of warriors, successful against a hundred men,<br />Is led from
Dindovydd in Dyvneint. <a name="citation201a"></a><a href="#footnote201a">{201a}</a><br />Before
Doleu <a name="citation201b"></a><a href="#footnote201b">{201b}</a>
in battle, worn out were the shields, and battered the helmets.</p>
<p>XCV.</p>
<p>He brought ruin upon every fair region, <a name="citation201c"></a><a href="#footnote201c">{201c}</a><br />And
a fettering valour he displayed;<br />The front of his shield was pierced;<br />Caso
Hir, arrayed in pomp, <a name="citation201d"></a><a href="#footnote201d">{201d}</a><br />Protected
Rhuvoniawg.<br />A second time were they wounded, <a name="citation201e"></a><a href="#footnote201e">{201e}</a>
and crushed<br />By his warlike steeds, and gore-stained were their
coffins. <a name="citation201f"></a><a href="#footnote201f">{201f}</a><br />Always
immoveable, always liberal of aid,<br />Would be his gallant nobles,
when roused to anger.<br />Severe in the conflict, with blades he slaughtered;<br />And
agonising news from the war he brought,<br />Which he wove into a hundred
songs for the calends of January.<br />Adan <a name="citation202a"></a><a href="#footnote202a">{202a}</a>
the son of Urvei there did pierce,<br />Adan pierced the haughty boar,<br />Even
he who was like Urien, <a name="citation202b"></a><a href="#footnote202b">{202b}</a>
a maid, and a hero.<br />And as the youth was thus endowed with the
properties of a king,<br />Lord of Gwynedd, and of the blood of Cilydd,
<a name="citation202c"></a><a href="#footnote202c">{202c}</a> he proved
our deliverer;<br />Ere the turf was laid upon the face of the generous
dead,<br />Wisely did he seek the field, with praise and high sounding
fame:<br />The grave of Gorthyn Hir <a name="citation202d"></a><a href="#footnote202d">{202d}</a>
is seen <a name="citation202e"></a><a href="#footnote202e">{202e}</a>
from the highlands of Rhuvoniawg.</p>
<p>XCVI.</p>
<p>On account of the piercing of the skilful and most learned man, <a name="citation203a"></a><a href="#footnote203a">{203a}</a><br />On
account of the fair corpse, which fell prostrate upon the ground,<br />Thrice
six officers judged the atrocious deed <a name="citation203b"></a><a href="#footnote203b">{203b}</a>
at the hour of mattins,<br />And Morien lifted up again his ancient
lance,<br />And, roaring, stretched out <a name="citation203c"></a><a href="#footnote203c">{203c}</a>
death<br />Towards the warriors, the Gwyddyl, <a name="citation203d"></a><a href="#footnote203d">{203d}</a>
and the Prydyn; <a name="citation203e"></a><a href="#footnote203e">{203e}</a><br />Whilst
towards the lovely, slender, blood-stained body of Gwen,<br />Sighed
Gwenabwy, the only son of Gwen.</p>
<p>XCVII.</p>
<p>On account of the afflicting <a name="citation203f"></a><a href="#footnote203f">{203f}</a>
of the skilful and most learned man<br />Grievously and deeply, when
he fell prostrate upon the ground,<br />The banner was pompously <a name="citation204a"></a><a href="#footnote204a">{204a}</a>
unfurled, and borne by a man in the flank; <a name="citation204b"></a><a href="#footnote204b">{204b}</a><br />A
tumultuous scene was beheld <a name="citation204c"></a><a href="#footnote204c">{204c}</a>
in Eiddin, and on the battle field.<br />The grasp of his hand performed
deeds of valour<br />Upon the Cynt, <a name="citation204d"></a><a href="#footnote204d">{204d}</a>
the Gwyddyl, and the Prydyn.<br />He who meddles with the mane of a
wolf, without a club<br />In his hand, will have it gorgeously emblazoned
on his robe.<br />Fain would I sing,—“would that Morien
had not died.”<br />I sigh for Gwenabwy, the son of Gwen. <a name="citation204e"></a><a href="#footnote204e">{204e}</a></p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines2"><br /><br /></div>
<p>Footnotes:</p>
<p><a name="footnote0a"></a><a href="#citation0a">{0a}</a> Perhaps
Cawlwyd is a compound of Caw Clwyd, that is, the Clyde of Caw.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0b"></a><a href="#citation0b">{0b}</a> Institutional
Triads.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0c"></a><a href="#citation0c">{0c}</a> Ibid.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0d"></a><a href="#citation0d">{0d}</a> Myvyrian
Archaiology, vol. i. page 60.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0e"></a><a href="#citation0e">{0e}</a> Bardic
Triads.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0f"></a><a href="#citation0f">{0f}</a> Bardic
Triads.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0g"></a><a href="#citation0g">{0g}</a> Triad
48, third series.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0h"></a><a href="#citation0h">{0h}</a> Myv.
Arch. vol. i. p. 308.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0i"></a><a href="#citation0i">{0i}</a> Ib.
p. 403.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0j"></a><a href="#citation0j">{0j}</a> Ib.
p. 504.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0k"></a><a href="#citation0k">{0k}</a> Gwilym
Tew flourished A.D. 1340-1470, and Rhys Nanmor, A.D. 1440-1480.</p>
<p><a name="footnote0l"></a><a href="#citation0l">{0l}</a> In
this eText the extensive alternate readings, mentioned in this passage,
are not given. There are so many that it becomes impossible to
read the Welsh text because of the continual footnotes.</p>
<p><a name="footnote1a"></a><a href="#citation1a">{1a}</a> Tacit.
Julii Agric. vita, cap. xiv.</p>
<p><a name="footnote1b"></a><a href="#citation1b">{1b}</a> Cambrian
Biography, sub voce.</p>
<p><a name="footnote1c"></a><a href="#citation1c">{1c}</a> Stevenson’s
Nennius, p. 52.</p>
<p><a name="footnote2a"></a><a href="#citation2a">{2a}</a> It
is stated in the Iolo MSS. that Cunedda Wledig held his court in Carlisle.</p>
<p><a name="footnote2b"></a><a href="#citation2b">{2b}</a> Am.
Marcel. 1. 20.</p>
<p><a name="footnote3a"></a><a href="#citation3a">{3a}</a> Triad
39, third series.</p>
<p><a name="footnote3b"></a><a href="#citation3b">{3b}</a> Triad
7.</p>
<p><a name="footnote3c"></a><a href="#citation3c">{3c}</a> Myv.
Arch. v. i. p. 52.</p>
<p><a name="footnote4a"></a><a href="#citation4a">{4a}</a> Myv.
Arch. v. i. p 57.</p>
<p><a name="footnote4b"></a><a href="#citation4b">{4b}</a> Elegy
on Old Age.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5a"></a><a href="#citation5a">{5a}</a> Chalmers’s
Caledonia, v. i. pp. 239, &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5b"></a><a href="#citation5b">{5b}</a> 1.
231.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5c"></a><a href="#citation5c">{5c}</a> 1.
289.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5d"></a><a href="#citation5d">{5d}</a> 1.
386.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5e"></a><a href="#citation5e">{5e}</a> 1.
393.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5f"></a><a href="#citation5f">{5f}</a> 1.
534.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5g"></a><a href="#citation5g">{5g}</a> 1.
607.</p>
<p><a name="footnote5h"></a><a href="#citation5h">{5h}</a> 1.
713.</p>
<p><a name="footnote6a"></a><a href="#citation6a">{6a}</a> 1.
32</p>
<p><a name="footnote6b"></a><a href="#citation6b">{6b}</a> 1.
648.</p>
<p><a name="footnote6c"></a><a href="#citation6c">{6c}</a> Stanzas
xvii. xxxii lxxxvi.</p>
<p><a name="footnote6d"></a><a href="#citation6d">{6d}</a> 1.
229.</p>
<p><a name="footnote6e"></a><a href="#citation6e">{6e}</a> 1.
86, 584.</p>
<p><a name="footnote6f"></a><a href="#citation6f">{6f}</a> Stanza
xviii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7a"></a><a href="#citation7a">{7a}</a> 1.
753, 884.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7b"></a><a href="#citation7b">{7b}</a> Stanza
lxviii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7c"></a><a href="#citation7c">{7c}</a> Stanza
xiv.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7d"></a><a href="#citation7d">{7d}</a> Stanza
xxxix.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7e"></a><a href="#citation7e">{7e}</a> Stanza
xlii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7f"></a><a href="#citation7f">{7f}</a> Stanza
xliii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7g"></a><a href="#citation7g">{7g}</a> Stanza
lxv.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7h"></a><a href="#citation7h">{7h}</a> Stanza
lii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7i"></a><a href="#citation7i">{7i}</a> Stanza
xxi.</p>
<p><a name="footnote7j"></a><a href="#citation7j">{7j}</a> Stanza
xvii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote8a"></a><a href="#citation8a">{8a}</a> Stanza
xliii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote79a"></a><a href="#citation79a">{79a}</a>
Or, “The youth was endowed with a manly disposition,” the
word <i>oed</i> being taken as a verb (oedd) rather than as a substantive;
though it ought to be remarked, as indicative of the sense in which
it was regarded by the copyist, that MS. No. 3, which has generally
supplied the <i>dd</i> where it was considered necessary, has it not
in the present instance.</p>
<p><a name="footnote79b"></a><a href="#citation79b">{79b}</a>
Al. charger, in the singular number. The favourite steed of our
hero, supposing him to be the son of Urien Rheged, is, in the Triads,
called “Carnavlawg” (cloven-hoofed) and is said to have
been “one of the three horses of depredation of the Isle of Britain,”
(Myv. Arch. vol. ii. page 20.) Taliesin in his Elegy on Owain
son of Urien, describes him as</p>
<p>“Gwr gwiw uch ei amliw seirch<br />A roddei feirch<br />I eirchiaid.”</p>
<p>A worthy hero seated on variegated trappings,<br />Who would give
steeds to those that asked him.<br />—Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 59.</p>
<p><i>Thick mane</i> was regarded as one of the good points of a horse;
thus Taliesin,—</p>
<p> “Atuyn march myngvras mangre.”<br />Beautiful
in a tangle is a thick-maned horse.<br />—Ib. p, 28.</p>
<p><a name="footnote79c"></a><a href="#citation79c">{79c}</a>
Lit. “Were under the thigh of;” an expression frequently
employed by the early bards to denote the act of riding. See “Elegy
upon Geraint ab Erbin,” by Llywarch Hen.</p>
<p><a name="footnote80a"></a><a href="#citation80a">{80a}</a>
One of the sons of Llywarch Hen is similarly represented as a youth,—</p>
<p>“That wore the golden spurs,”<br />—Owen’s
Ll. Hen, p. 131.</p>
<p>In the days of chivalry, of which the era of the Gododin may fairly
be considered as the commencement, the privilege of decorating arms,
and the accoutrements of horses with gold, was exclusively confined
to knights, and their families; squires being only permitted the use
of silver for the purpose. (St. Palaye, 1. 247, 284.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote80b"></a><a href="#citation80b">{80b}</a>
“Pan,” pannus—down, fur, ermine, or fulled cloth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote80c"></a><a href="#citation80c">{80c}</a>
This is not literally true of Owain ab Urien, for he was married to
a daughter of Culvynawyd Prydain.</p>
<p><a name="footnote80d"></a><a href="#citation80d">{80d}</a>
“Argyvrein,” might perhaps come from <i>argyvrau</i>, paraphernalia;
a portion or dowry.</p>
<p>“Ymogel ddwyn gwraig atat yn enw ei <i>hargyvrau</i>.”</p>
<p>Beware of taking to thyself a wife for the sake of her portion.<br />(Cato
Gymraeg.)</p>
<p>In that case, the passage should be rendered,—</p>
<p>Ere thou didst obtain thy nuptial dowry;</p>
<p>which reading would be supported by the allusion to the nuptial feast
in the preceding passage. Nevertheless the term “argynrein,”
occurring in three other copies, would certainly point to the signification
given in the text; “argyvrein” being capable of the same
meaning, whilst “argynrein” has no reference whatever to
the nuptial dowry.</p>
<p><a name="footnote81a"></a><a href="#citation81a">{81a}</a>
The manner in which the person here commemorated is associated with
the ravens, leads us to suspect that he was none other than Owain ab
Urien, who is traditionally reported to have had an army of ravens in
his service, by which, however, we are probably to understand an army
of men with those birds emblazoned on their standard, even as his descendants
still bear them in their coats of arms. Not only do the Welsh
Romances and Bards of the middle ages allude to these ravens, but even
Taliesin and Llywarch Hen, seem pointedly to connect them with Urien
or his son. Thus the former in an Ode on the battle of Argoed
Llwyvaen, (Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 53) in which Owain commanded the Cumbrian
forces, under his father against Ida, says,—</p>
<p>“A rhag gwaith Argoed Llwyfain<br />Bu llawer celain<br />Rhuddei
frain rhag rhyfel gwyr.”</p>
<p>Because of the battle of Argoed Llwyvain,<br />There happened many
a dead carcase,<br />And the ravens were coloured with the war of men.</p>
<p>And Llywarch Hen in his “Elegy on Urien Rheged” has the
following expressions;—</p>
<p>“Pen a borthav ar vy nhu; Pen Urien,<br />Llary, llyw ei lu;<br />Ac
ar ei vron wen vran ddu.</p>
<p>Pen a borthav mywn vy nghrys; pen Urien,<br />Llary llywiai lys:<br />Ac
ar ei vron wen vran ai hys.”</p>
<p>I bear by my side a head; the head of Urien,<br />The mild leader
of his army;<br />And on his white bosom the sable raven is perched.</p>
<p>I bear in my shirt a head; the head of Urien,<br />That governed
a court with mildness;<br />And on his white bosom the sable raven doth
glut.<br />(Owen’s Ll. Hen. p. 24.)</p>
<p>This supposition would considerably enhance the point and beauty
of the passage in the text; for a sad or unbecoming thing, indeed, (“cwl,”
<i>a fault</i>) would it be that one who fought by the aid of ravens
should himself be eventually devoured by them.</p>
<p>Moreover, a tradition prevails, that Owain the son of Urien was actually
engaged in the battle of Cattraeth. Thus Lewis Glyn Cothi, a poet
of the fifteenth century, observes;—</p>
<p>“Bwriodd Owain ab Urien<br />Y tri thwr yn Nghattraeth hen.<br />Ovnodd
Arthur val goddaith<br />Owain, ei vrain a’i fon vraith.”<br />(I.
140.)</p>
<p>Owain son of Urien overthrew<br />The three towers of Cattraeth of
old;<br />Arthur dreaded, as the flames,<br />Owain, his ravens, and
his parti-coloured staff.</p>
<p>But to the view which would identify our hero with the son of Urien
there is this objection, that the poem describes the former as the son
of Marro or Marco; nor can the difficulty be got over, without supposing
that this was another name of Urien. Or if that be inadmissible,
the line, in which Owain’s name occurs, may be translated,—</p>
<p>Alas, the beloved friend of Owain;</p>
<p>an alteration, which will do no great violence to the allusion about
the ravens.</p>
<p><a name="footnote82a"></a><a href="#citation82a">{82a}</a>
Al. “March,” as if addressing the horse of the slain;—</p>
<p>O steed, in what spot<br />Was slaughtered, &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote82b"></a><a href="#citation82b">{82b}</a>
“Cynhaiawc,” (cyn-taiawg.) Adopting this version for
the sake of variety, and under the impression that all the different
readings of this poem are not the mere result of orthographical accident,
but that the forms of obscure or illegible words were sometimes determined
by tradition, we must believe that the <i>taiogion</i>, who composed
the army of Madog, were simply his own tenants or dependants.</p>
<p><a name="footnote83a"></a><a href="#citation83a">{83a}</a>
“Diffun,” (di-ffun.) <i>Ffun</i> is any thing united
together, and is used at line 803 for a band of men. Some read
“diffyn,” (protection or defence) and in that case the sense
of the passage would seem to be,</p>
<p>He brought protection to women, and mead he distributed.</p>
<p>The former reading is preferred, inasmuch as it exhibits in a more
natural and consistent manner the twofold character of Madog, as a soldier
and a courtier, which appears to be the object of the Bard to delineate.
Our inference on this point is moreover supported by more obvious passages
of that description, which occur again in the Poem, such as,—</p>
<p>“Ragorei veirch racvuan<br />En trin lletvegin gwin o bann.”</p>
<p>He surpassed the fleetest steeds<br />In war, but was a tame animal
when he poured the wine from the goblet.</p>
<p>The epithet “cynhaiawc,” assuming it to be the proper
term, would also, by reason of its contrasting effect, considerably
enhance the value of our hero’s domestic and social courtesy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote83b"></a><a href="#citation83b">{83b}</a>
“Twll tal y rodawr.” Dr. Owen Pughe translates this
“the front opening of his chariot;” “twll ar ysgwyd,”
however, in the lxxxvii stanza, evidently refers to a shield, and this
sense is, moreover, supported by “tyllant tal ysgwydawr,”
in Taliesin’s Ode on Gwallawg, as well as “rac twll y gylchwy,”
used by Cynddelw. The meaning therefore appears to be that wherever
the battle raged, there would the chief be found, so boldly and <i>directly</i>
fighting as to have the very boss of his shield perforated by the spears
of his enemy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote83c"></a><a href="#citation83c">{83c}</a>
“Brwyn.” From the practice which the Welsh Bards commonly
had of adapting their descriptive similes to the names, armorial bearings,
or some other peculiarities of their heroes, we may infer that the chieftain,
who is celebrated in this stanza, is none other than Madog ab Brwyn.
Indeed one copy reads “mab brwyn,” the son of Brwyn, rather
than <i>mal</i> brwyn, as above. He is distinguished in the Triads
with Ceugant Beilliog and Rhuvon, under the appellation of the “three
golden corpses,” because their weight in gold was given by their
families to have their bodies delivered up by the enemy. (Myv.
Arch. vol. ii. p. 69.) Madog ab Brwyn was the grandson of Cunedda
Wledig, lord of Gododin.</p>
<p><a name="footnote84a"></a><a href="#citation84a">{84a}</a>
A maritime region in the north, as we infer, not only from the works
of Aneurin, but also from those of Taliesin and Merddin.</p>
<p><a name="footnote84b"></a><a href="#citation84b">{84b}</a>
The rest having been slain.</p>
<p><a name="footnote84c"></a><a href="#citation84c">{84c}</a>
“Erwyt” (erwyd) a pole, or a staff to mete with, and, like
the <i>gwialen</i>, an emblem of authority. “I will—mete
out the valley of Succoth.” (Psalm lx. 6.) A similar
expression occurs in Llywarch Hen’s Poems with reference to Urien
Rheged, viz.</p>
<p> “Oedd cledyr cywlad rhwydd.”</p>
<p>which W. Owen has translated,—</p>
<p>“That was the prompt defender of his neighbourhood.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote84d"></a><a href="#citation84d">{84d}</a>
Llywarch Hen says in like manner of his own son Gwen,—</p>
<p> “Rhythr eryr yn ebyr oeddyd.”<br />In
the assault like the eagle at the fall of rivers thou wert.</p>
<p>The eagle was probably the armorial badge of the hero of this stanza.</p>
<p><a name="footnote84e"></a><a href="#citation84e">{84e}</a>
Al. “y lyr,” to our shore. We have here an instance
of the kindred signification of some of the different readings found
in the Poem. Both words are used in juxtaposition in the following
extracts;—</p>
<p>“Gwelais ar vorwyn—<br />Lliw golau tonau taenverw gwenyg<br />Llanw
<i>ebyr</i> ar <i>llyr</i>, lle ni mawr-drig.”<br />(Cynddelw.)</p>
<p>I beheld on a maiden<br />The bright hue of the spreading ebullition
of the breakers of the waves,<br />Of the flood of the effluxes of rivers,
on the strand, where it tarries not long.</p>
<p>“Oedd ei var—<br />Megys twrv <i>ebyr</i> yn <i>llyr</i>
llawn.”<br />(Cynddelw.)</p>
<p>His rage<br />Was like the tumult of the mouths of rivers with a
full margin.</p>
<p>“Calan hyddvrev, tymp dydd yn edwi,<br />Cynhwrv yn <i>ebyr</i>,
<i>llyr</i> yn llenwi.”<br />(Ll P. Moch.)</p>
<p>The beginning of October, the period of the falling off of day,<br />There
is tumult in the mouths of rivers, filling up the shore.</p>
<p><a name="footnote85a"></a><a href="#citation85a">{85a}</a>
“I ammod.” This was probably a confederation entered
into by the different princes, for the purpose of uniting their forces
against the common enemy; a supposition corroborated by the word “cywlad,”
just used. The poet might, however, have intended a play upon
the word “ammod,” because of its great resemblance in sound
to “ammwyd,” a <i>bait</i>, to which the eagle was allured,
“llithywyt” (llithiwyd) a strictly sporting term.</p>
<p><a name="footnote85b"></a><a href="#citation85b">{85b}</a>
“A garwyd,” al. “a gatwyt” “was preserved,
or protected.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote85c"></a><a href="#citation85c">{85c}</a>
The connection between “arvaeth,” and the bannerial device
is very obvious at lines 110, 111.</p>
<p>“Mor ehelaeth<br />E aruaeth uch arwyt.”</p>
<p>With such a magnificent<br />Design of enterprize blazoned on his
standard.</p>
<p><a name="footnote85d"></a><a href="#citation85d">{85d}</a>
“O dechwyt,” i.e. <i>tech wyd</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote85e"></a><a href="#citation85e">{85e}</a>
We have adopted “Manawyd” as a proper name, under the impression
that the different stanzas of the Gododin, albeit regular links of the
same general subject, are nevertheless in a manner each complete in
itself, and therefore that it would be more natural, where the drift
of the paragraph allowed, or seemed to have that tendency, to look out
for the names of the chiefs, who may be thus distinctly introduced;
according to the tenor of the following declaration which is appended
to “Gorchan Cynvelyn.” (Myv. Arch. vol. i. page 61.)</p>
<p>“Canu un Canuauc a dal pob Awdyl o’r Gododin heruyd breint
yngcerd amrysson. Tri chanu a thriugeint a thrychant a dal pob
un or Gorchaneu . . . Achaws yu am goffau yn y Gorchaneu rivedi Guyr
a aethant y Gatraeth nog y dyle gur vyned i ymlad heb arveu; Ny dyle
Bard myned i amrysson heb y gerd honno.”</p>
<p>Every Ode of the Gododin is equivalent to a single song, according
to the privilege of poetical competition. Each of the incantations
is equal to three hundred and sixty-three songs, because the number
of the men who went to Cattraeth is commemorated in the Incantations,
and as no man should go to battle without arms, so no Bard ought to
contend without that Poem.</p>
<p>It is true that in the Vellum MS. as transcribed by Davies, this
does not form a distinct stanza, but is a continuation of the preceding
one. Nevertheless in other copies a detached position is given
to it, which seems required also by the opening sentence, and particularly
by the rhyme.</p>
<p>We find, moreover, that Manawyd was anciently used as a proper name,
for not to mention Manawydan and Culvynawyd, we have Manawyd in one
of Taliesin’s Poems as undoubtedly the name of a person.</p>
<p>“Ys gwyr Manawyd a Phryderi.”<br />(Myv. Arch. vol. i.
p. 67.)</p>
<p>The name of Pryderi occurs further on in our Poem.</p>
<p>Manawyd is mentioned likewise in the Dialogue between Arthur, Cai,
and Glewlwyd,—</p>
<p>“Neus duc Manavid eis tull o Trywrid”<br />(Myv. Arch.
vol. i. p. 167.)</p>
<p>Dr. O. Pughe translates the line in the Gododin thus —</p>
<p>“There was a confident impelling forward of the shaft of the
variegated standard.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote86a"></a><a href="#citation86a">{86a}</a>
“Ny nodi,” (ni nodi) <i>thou dost not mark</i>, thou art
blind to the arms of the enemy both defensive and offensive. “Nodi,”
may also have reference to “nod” in the third line of the
stanza.</p>
<p><a name="footnote86b"></a><a href="#citation86b">{86b}</a>
Al. “Protected against the assault of the battle of Manau;”
i.e. Mannau Gododin, or according to others, Mannau in which A.D. 582
Aidan mac Gavran was victorious. (See Ritson’s Annals of
Caledonia, Vol. ii. p. 35.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote87a"></a><a href="#citation87a">{87a}</a>
One reason for not regarding “Caeawc” as a proper name,
may be discovered in the manner in which the expression “cawawc
cynhorawc” is used in an anonymous poem of an early date, apud
Myv. Arch. vol. i. page 180. The author, though he evidently borrowed
it from the Gododin, as indeed his allusion to Cattraeth a few lines
before would likewise imply, employs it merely as an epithet.</p>
<p><a name="footnote87b"></a><a href="#citation87b">{87b}</a>
An allusion probably to his armorial bearings. Another reading
gives “bled e maran,” on the open strand.</p>
<p><a name="footnote87c"></a><a href="#citation87c">{87c}</a>
“This singular fact of the ancient Britons wearing amber beads,
is confirmed by many beads of amber having been found in the barrows
on Salisbury plain, which have been recently dug. I understand
that in several of these graves, pieces of amber like beads have been
met with; and in one as many beads were found as would have made a wreath.”
(S. Turner’s Vind. 208, 209.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote87d"></a><a href="#citation87d">{87d}</a>
“Am ran.” “Tri argau gwaed: gwaed hyd <i>ran</i>,
a gwaed hyd gwll, a gwaed hyd lawr; sev yw hynny, gwaed hyd <i>wyneb</i>,
gwaed hyd ddillad, a gwaed a reto hyd lawr.” (Law Triads,
Myv. Arch, vol. iii. p. 342.) Hence “amrant,” the
eyelid.</p>
<p><a name="footnote87e"></a><a href="#citation87e">{87e}</a>
Lit. “the place of wine,” otherwise “a horn of wine,”</p>
<p>“Ef a’m rhoddes medd a gwin o wydrin <i>ban</i>.</p>
<p>He gave me mead and wine from the transparent horn.<br />(Taliesin.)</p>
<p>Al. “gwrnvann,” the place of the urn. In that case
the line might be thus translated,—</p>
<p>Precious was the amber, but its price was the grave.</p>
<p><a name="footnote88a"></a><a href="#citation88a">{88a}</a>
The hero of this stanza we take to be the “son of Ysgyran”
himself. He disdained the eager advance of the enemy; for such
was his will, that he had only to declare it, to make Venedotia and
the North acknowledge his power, and submit to his jurisdiction; or,
it may be, to march unanimously to his side. Supposing “gwyar,”
however, to be the correct reading, we might render the line thus,—</p>
<p>He repelled violence, and gore trickled to the ground.</p>
<p>Perhaps the identity of the person commemorated with the son of Ysgyran
would become more evident by the addition of a comma after “gyssul,”
thus,—</p>
<p>“Ket dyffei wyned a gogled e rann<br />O gussyl,— mah
Ysgyrran.”</p>
<p>Who Ysgyran, or Cyran (the <i>ys</i> being a mere prefix) was, we
have no means of knowing, as the name does not occur any where in history.</p>
<p><a name="footnote88b"></a><a href="#citation88b">{88b}</a>
Al. “The maimed shield-bearer,” (ysgwydwr.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote88c"></a><a href="#citation88c">{88c}</a>
“Cyn-nod,” the principal mark or butt; the most conspicuous,
owing to his being in advance of his men, and perhaps on account of
his stature also, if “eg gawr,” or “yggawr”
mean <i>giantlike</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote88d"></a><a href="#citation88d">{88d}</a>
“Cyn-ran;” the foremost share, or participation of an action.</p>
<p><a name="footnote89a"></a><a href="#citation89a">{89a}</a>
“Pymwnt,” (i.e. pum mwnt; “deg myrdd yn y mwnt,”)
five hundred thousand, which, multiplied by five, would give us 2,500,000
as the number of men who composed the above battalions.</p>
<p><a name="footnote89b"></a><a href="#citation89b">{89b}</a>
Deivyr and Bryneich, (<i>Deira and Bernicia</i>) are situated on the
eastern coast of the island, the river Humber, as we learn from the
Triads, (Myv. Arch. vol. ii. p. 68) flowing through a portion thereof.
In a document which has been published in the Iolo MSS. Argoed Derwennydd,
(Derwent wood probably) and the river Trenn or Trent, are mentioned
as the extreme boundaries of the region. The triads moreover speak
of the three sons of Dysgyvedawg, (or Dysgyvyndawd) viz. Gall, Difedel,
and Ysgavnell, under the appellation of the “three monarchs of
Deivyr and Bryneich,” (Ibid. p. 64) about the period, as it would
appear, of our Poem.</p>
<p>It is clear from the above passage in the Gododin, as well as from
those lines, (78, 79.)</p>
<p>“Ar deulu brenneych beych barnasswn<br />Dilyw dyn en vyw nys
adawsswn.”</p>
<p>If I had judged you to be of the tribe of Bryneich,<br />Not the
phantom of a man would I have left alive;</p>
<p>that the people of those countries were not at the time in question
on friendly terms with the neighbouring Britons; which circumstance
is further apparent from the contemporary testimony of Llywarch Hen,
who speaks of Urien as having conquered the land of Bryneich;</p>
<p>“Neus gorug o dir Brynaich.”</p>
<p>This, it is true, might have a reference to the Saxon tribes, who
had succeeded at an early period, in establishing themselves along the
coast in that part of the island, yet the disparaging manner in which
the grave of Disgyrnin Disgyfedawt, evidently the father of the “three
monarchs,” is spoken of in the Englynion y Beddau, inclines us
strongly to the belief that it was the Aborigines themselves who were
thus guilty of treason to the common weal.</p>
<p>“Cigleu don drom dra thywawd,<br />Am vedd Dysgyrnyn Dysgyveddawd,<br />Aches
trwm angwres pechawd.”</p>
<p>Hear the sullen wave beyond the strand,<br />Round the grave of Dysgyrnyn
Dysgyveddawd,<br />Heavy the burning impulse raised by sin.<br />(Myv.
Arch. vol. i. p. 78.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote90a"></a><a href="#citation90a">{90a}</a>
An allusion to the name of our hero’s father, (Bleiddan) and probably
to his own standard.</p>
<p><a name="footnote90b"></a><a href="#citation90b">{90b}</a>
“Neithyawr.” Al. “than go to the altar.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote90c"></a><a href="#citation90c">{90c}</a>
Al. “elawr” a <i>bier</i>, “than obtained a bier.”
He was devoured by the birds of prey ere he could be removed for interment.</p>
<p><a name="footnote90d"></a><a href="#citation90d">{90d}</a>
Or, “Ere he received his nuptial dowry, his blood streamed down.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote90e"></a><a href="#citation90e">{90e}</a>
Hyveidd Hir was the son of Bleiddan Sant, of Glamorgan, (the celebrated
Lupus.) According to the Triads he was one of the three alien
kings, upon whom dominion was conferred for their mighty deeds, and
for their praiseworthy and gracious qualities.</p>
<p>“Tri eilldeyrn ynys Prydain: Gwrgai vab Gwrien yn y Gogledd,
a Chadavael vab Cynvedw yng Ngwynedd, a Hyveidd Hir vab Bleiddan Sant
ym Morganwg: sev y rhodded Teyrnedd iddynt am eu campau a’u cynneddvau
clodvorion a rhadvorion.”<br />(Triad, 26, third series.)</p>
<p>Taliesin, in his Ode to Urien, speaks of Hyveidd in conjunction with
Gododin;—</p>
<p>“Hyveidd a Gododin a lleu towys.”<br />(Myv. Arch. vol.
i. p. 57.)</p>
<p>His name also occurs in another poem, by the same Bard, “to
Gwallawg ap Lleenawg;”—</p>
<p>“Haearnddur a Hyfeidd a Gwallawg<br />Ac Owein Mon Maelgynig
ddefawd<br />A wnaw peithwyr gorweiddiawg.”</p>
<p>Haearnddur and Hyveidd and Gwallawg,<br />And Owain of Mon, of Maelgynian
manner,<br />Would prostrate the ravagers.<br />(Myv. Arch. vol. i.
p. 64.)</p>
<p>The epithet “Hir,” (<i>long</i> or <i>tall</i>) applied
to Hyveidd, countenances the view of his being conspicuous on account
of his size.</p>
<p><a name="footnote91a"></a><a href="#citation91a">{91a}</a>
Gognaw must have been the son of Botgad. The name, as well as
that of the preceding hero, occurs in an Ode which Taliesin addressed
to Gwallawg ab Lleenawg.</p>
<p>“Gognaw ei brawd digones.”</p>
<p>If, however, it be not a proper name in this stanza, it may be rendered
either “with laughter and sprightliness,” or “they
were a laughing energy.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote91b"></a><a href="#citation91b">{91b}</a>
Al. “As with blades they dealt mutual blows.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote91c"></a><a href="#citation91c">{91c}</a>
“A llaw,” <i>a hand</i>; metaphorically <i>power</i>.
Al. “a allaw,” <i>who is able</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote92a"></a><a href="#citation92a">{92a}</a>
The same consideration which induced us to regard “Manawyd”
as a proper name in a former stanza, has caused us to leave “Gwanar”
untranslated in this place. It is not improbable, however, from
the shortness of this sonnet, that the line containing the name of its
hero may have been lost. In that case we should translate “chwerthin
wanar,” “their leader laughed.” That Gwanar
was occasionally used as a proper name by the ancient Britons, appears
from Triad xl. (first series) where we find one of the sons of Lliaws
ab Nwyvre so called. He flourished however before the date of
the Gododin, and cannot on that account be identified with the Gwanar
of the text. Taliesin uses the word in his “Mic Dinbych,”
apparently as a proper name;—</p>
<p>“Clod wasgar a Gwanar ydd ymddullyn.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote92b"></a><a href="#citation92b">{92b}</a>
Or “gem of a regiment;” his choice regiment.</p>
<p><a name="footnote92c"></a><a href="#citation92c">{92c}</a>
Al. “digynny,” <i>went up</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote92d"></a><a href="#citation92d">{92d}</a>
The Bard in the two last lines seems to be addressing Death, or Fate,
which he designates as “the strong pillar of the living law,”
or the law of nature, just as the Latins called it “dura necessitas,”
“mortis dura lex,” “fatalis Parcarum lex,” &c.
The expressions “heb vawr drydar,” and “arwar,”
indicative of the effects of death, are introduced by way of contrast
to the noisy mirth which characterised the warriors’ march to
the field of battle. “Arwar” signifies literally a
<i>quiescent state</i>, or <i>state of general rest</i>; <i>pacification</i>;
and as such is a very proper term to denote the character of death.</p>
<p>“O <i>arwar</i> daiar down i gyd dyddbrawd.”<br />(Ll.
P. Moch.)</p>
<p>From the silent state of earth we shall all come at the judgment
day.</p>
<p><a name="footnote93a"></a><a href="#citation93a">{93a}</a>
As the word “glas,” though primarily signifying <i>blue</i>,
has also a very general sense, and may mean merely <i>pale</i> or <i>fresh</i>,
yet as we find decided colours attributed to mead elsewhere in the poem,
such as “melyn,” (yellow) and “gwyn” (white)
we have thought proper to retain the literal acceptation in this place,
as a poetical variety, however inapplicable to the beverage in question
it may seem.</p>
<p><a name="footnote93b"></a><a href="#citation93b">{93b}</a>
“Impia sub dulci melle venena latent.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote93c"></a><a href="#citation93c">{93c}</a>
The name of the chieftain, who commanded this particular troop, is not
mentioned, unless (which is not very probable) we take “Trychant”
in the third line as a proper name, and translate thus,—</p>
<p>“ Trychant marshals his men, armed with the weapons of war.”</p>
<p>Or, are we to understand by “trwy beiryant,” that he
marshalled his men by means of some instrument or machinery?</p>
<p><a name="footnote93d"></a><a href="#citation93d">{93d}</a>
I.e. the silence of death.</p>
<p><a name="footnote94a"></a><a href="#citation94a">{94a}</a>
“Fyryf frwythlawn,” i.e. “<i>fyrv</i> frwythlawn;”
the sense of “<i>furv</i> frwythlawn” would seem to be “in
vigorous order.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote94b"></a><a href="#citation94b">{94b}</a>
The followers of the son of Cian (<i>a little dog</i>) are evidently
called “aergwn,” (<i>dogs of war</i>) in allusion to his
patronymic, as well as to the name of his residence, “maen gwyngwn,”
(<i>the stone of the white dogs</i>.) Probably also the figure
of a dog was charged on their banner.</p>
<p><a name="footnote94c"></a><a href="#citation94c">{94c}</a>
The Bernicians, as we have already noticed, were at this time opposed
to the British patriots. The Cymry carried a traditional hatred
of that people with them into Wales, and applied the term <i>Bryneich</i>
to such of their kindred as allied themselves to the enemies of their
country, as is abundantly manifest in the works of the mediæval
Bards.—See STEPHEN’S Literature of the Kymry, p. 265.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote94d"></a><a href="#citation94d">{94d}</a>
Or, “Like a deluge, I would not have left a man alive.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote94e"></a><a href="#citation94e">{94e}</a>
It is very probable that the son of Cian had married a daughter of one
of the chiefs of Bryneich, which would thus account for the Bard’s
lurking apprehension at first, that he might be induced to barter his
allegiance for the dowry to be expected with his wife. His fears
however were groundless; for such were the purity and patriotism of
our youthful hero, that he even refused the dowry when it was offered
to him, and braved his father-in-law’s anger withal.</p>
<p><a name="footnote95a"></a><a href="#citation95a">{95a}</a>
In Gorchan Maelderw we read of—</p>
<p>“The only son of Cian from Trabannawg.”</p>
<p>Cian was a Bard, and is mentioned as such by Nennius in the following
passage,—</p>
<p>“Item Talhaern Talanguen in Poemate claruit, et Nuevin et Taliessin,
et Bluchbar, et Cian qui vocatur Gueinchguant (<i>Cian who is called
Gwyngwn</i>) simul uno tempore in poemate Britannico claruerunt.”</p>
<p>Taliesin likewise represents him in that character in a Poem entitled,
“Angar Cyvyndawd.” (Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 34.)</p>
<p>“Cian pan ddarvu<br />Lliaws gyvolu.”</p>
<p>When Cian sang the praise of many.</p>
<p>The circumstance of his being thus a poet, and classed with Aneurin
(Nuevin) would account for the intimacy which subsisted between the
latter and his son.</p>
<p>Cian is said to have been the servant of Peris, and to them conjointly
is Llangian in Caernarvonshire dedicated. Cian is commemorated
on the 11th of December.—See Rees’s Welsh Saints, p. 302.</p>
<p><a name="footnote95b"></a><a href="#citation95b">{95b}</a>
It is probable that <i>three hundred</i> was the number which composed
the retinue of Mynyddawg, and that a <i>hundred thousand</i>, a large
round figure, is chosen to denote the preponderance of the enemy’s
forces that were arrayed in opposition. This view seems more in
unison with reason, as well as with the grammatical construction of
the passage, (“emdaflawr” being a middle verb) than the
supposition that the “milcant a thrychant” formed the total
of the army of the Cymry.</p>
<p><a name="footnote96a"></a><a href="#citation96a">{96a}</a>
Or, “They served as butts for the falling lances.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote96b"></a><a href="#citation96b">{96b}</a>
“Gorsaf;” “Gorsav arv,” <i>a magazine of arms</i>.
“Brwydr orsavawl,” a pitched battle.</p>
<p><a name="footnote96c"></a><a href="#citation96c">{96c}</a>
“Mynyddawg Mwynvawr.” The Triads call him “Mynyddawg
Eiddin,” <i>Edin</i>, hence <i>Edinburgh</i>, which probably corresponds
with his original place of residence, or at any rate may be considered
as being situate within the limits of his ancient dominions. “The
retinue of Mynyddawg Eiddin at Cattraeth” is represented as one
of “the three honourable retinues of the Isle of Britain,”
because the men who composed it had joined their chieftain’s standard
of their own accord, and marched at their own expense, claiming neither
pay nor reward for their service, from king or country.</p>
<p>“Tair gosgordd addwyn Ynys Prydain; Gosgordd Belyn vab Cynvelyn
yng nghadvel Caradawg ab Bran; a gosgordd Mynyddawg Eiddin yng Nghattraeth;
a Gosgordd Drywon ab Nudd Hael yn Rhodwydd Arderydd yn y Gogledd; sev
ydd elai bawb yn y rhai hynny ar eu traul eu hunain heb aros govyn,
ac heb erchi na thal nag anrheg y gan wlad na chan Deyrn; ac achaws
hynny au gelwid hwy y tair gosgordd addwyn.”<br />(Triad 79, third
series.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote96d"></a><a href="#citation96d">{96d}</a>
“Hanyanawr,” their natural relatives; “hangenawr,”
those who stood in need of them, their families and friends. The
line may likewise be rendered,—</p>
<p>“Esteemed for their age and disposition.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote96e"></a><a href="#citation96e">{96e}</a>
Al. “llawen,” <i>merry</i>; “the merry minstrel.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote97a"></a><a href="#citation97a">{97a}</a>
These plumes must accordingly have been themselves red. That military
men at this period did wear feathers of particular colours as distinctive
badges, is further evident from the testimony of Llywarch Hen, who describes
himself as having worn “yellow plumes.”</p>
<p>“Gwedy meirch hywedd, a chochwedd ddillad,<br />A phluawr melyn,<br />Main
vy nghoes, nid oes ym dremyn!”<br />(Elegy on Cynddylan.)</p>
<p>After the sleek tractable steeds, and garments of ruddy hue,<br />And
the waving yellow plumes,<br />Slender is my leg, my piercing look is
gone.”</p>
<p>In some copies we read “phurawr” (purawr) <i>what purifies</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote97b"></a><a href="#citation97b">{97b}</a>
Their weapons were red and white from the effects of <i>blood</i> and
<i>gore</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote97c"></a><a href="#citation97c">{97c}</a>
Mr. Davies and Dr. Pughe seem to have preferred the expression “<i>pedryolet</i>
bennawr,” which they construed into <i>four pointed helmets</i>:
“pedryollt,” <i>split into four parts</i>, would appear,
however, to be much more accordant with the descriptive tenor of the
passage.</p>
<p><a name="footnote97d"></a><a href="#citation97d">{97d}</a>
As in the two preceding lines is contained a compliment to military
valour, the evident drift of the poem requires that it should be applied
to the British party; hence “rac” in this place must be
understood to mean that the toiling warriors were <i>from</i> or <i>of</i>
the retinue of Mynyddawg rather than from those who confronted him.</p>
<p><a name="footnote97e"></a><a href="#citation97e">{97e}</a>
Disgraced by the blasphemous taunts and treachery of the enemy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote98a"></a><a href="#citation98a">{98a}</a>
“Ceugant yw angeu,” (adage.) The line might be rendered,—</p>
<p>“Without end they multiplied the wooden biers;”</p>
<p>An expression similar to that made use of by Llywarch Hen, in reference
to the battle of Llongborth:—</p>
<p>“Ac elorawr mwy no maint.<br />And biers innumerable.<br />(Elegy
upon Geraint ab Erbin.)</p>
<p>“Ceugant,” translated <i>without end</i>, is properly
a Druidic term, signifying the circle of eternity.</p>
<p>“Cylch y ceugant, ac nis gall namyn Duw eu dreiglaw.”<br />The
circle of infinitude, none but God can pervade it.<br />(Barddas.)</p>
<p>“Tri phren rhydd yn forest y brenhin; pren crib eglwys; a phren
peleidyr a elont yn rhaid y brenhin; a <i>phren elawr</i>.”<br />(Welsh
Laws.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote98b"></a><a href="#citation98b">{98b}</a>
He is described as of “Baptism” in contradistinction to
the infidel Saxons.</p>
<p><a name="footnote98c"></a><a href="#citation98c">{98c}</a>
A reference to the last unction. See St. James, v. 14.</p>
<p><a name="footnote98d"></a><a href="#citation98d">{98d}</a>
I.e. Tudvwlch Hir, the hero of this particular stanza.</p>
<p><a name="footnote99a"></a><a href="#citation99a">{99a}</a>
“Ne.” The statement at line 138 would determine the
affirmative character of this word.</p>
<p><a name="footnote99b"></a><a href="#citation99b">{99b}</a>
“Veinoethyd,” (<i>meinoethydd</i>;) not “in the celebration
of May Eve,” which is Davies’s rendering, as we clearly
infer from the conjunction of the word with “meinddydd,”
(confessedly a <i>serene day</i>) in Kadeir Taliesin and Gwawd y Lludd
Mawr. (See Myv. Arch. v. i. pp. 37, 74.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote99c"></a><a href="#citation99c">{99c}</a>
“Gynatcan.” Al. “gyvatcan,” (<i>cyvadgan</i>)
a proverb. “Though his success was proverbial.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote99d"></a><a href="#citation99d">{99d}</a>
Or, “Through ambition he was a soarer.” The person
here commemorated was of an ambitious turn of mind, and bore armorial
ensigns of a corresponding character, which were looked upon, in a manner,
as prophetic of his successful career as a warrior, but the result of
this battle miserably belied such a promise.</p>
<p>“Prenial yw i bawb ei drachwres.”<br />The path of glory
leads but to the grave.<br />—(Taliesin.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote99e"></a><a href="#citation99e">{99e}</a>
Where Edinburgh now stands; and which was probably the head quarters
of Mynyddawg, (see line 89 note.) In a poem printed in Davies’s
Mythology of the Druids, p. 574, and supposed to have been written by
Aneurin, Tudvwlch and Cyvwlch are represented as feasting with Mynyddawg.</p>
<p>“Gan Vynydawc<br />Bu adveiliawc<br />Eu gwirodau.”<br />Destructive
were their wassails with Mynyddawg.</p>
<p><a name="footnote100a"></a><a href="#citation100a">{100a}</a>
In the Poem alluded to, Tudvwlch Hir is described as a <i>man of dignity</i>,
“breein,” and as having in conjunction with Cyvwlch made
breaches in the bastions of forts,—</p>
<p>“A oreu vwlch ar vann caerau.”</p>
<p>The Gorchan Maelderw in like manner speaks of him as,—</p>
<p>“Tudvwlch the oppressor of war, the destroyer of forts.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote100b"></a><a href="#citation100b">{100b}</a>
“Ech,” εχ.</p>
<p><a name="footnote100c"></a><a href="#citation100c">{100c}</a>
Lit. “until the seventh day;”—an expression intended
probably to denote the space of a week. The operations of each
day are specified further on in the Poem. In like manner we are
presented in “Gwawd Lludd y Mawr,” (Myv. Arch. vol. i. p.
74) with an enumeration of certain martial deeds that were performed
on each day during an entire week.</p>
<p><a name="footnote100d"></a><a href="#citation100d">{100d}</a>
Lit. “Should have made him a free man,” or “should
have continued him,” &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote100e"></a><a href="#citation100e">{100e}</a>
Al. “ugain,” <i>a score</i>,</p>
<p><a name="footnote100f"></a><a href="#citation100f">{100f}</a>
Al. the powerful supporter—“drut nerthyd.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote100g"></a><a href="#citation100g">{100g}</a>
Kilydd is mentioned in the Mabinogi of “Kilhwch and Olwen,”
where he is represented as the son of Prince Kelyddon.</p>
<p><a name="footnote100h"></a><a href="#citation100h">{100h}</a>
“Gwyr;” al. the hero, “gwr.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote101a"></a><a href="#citation101a">{101a}</a>
Lit. “the gleamers assembled.” The 1, 2, 3, and 6,
versions, “cyn hynt treiawr,” might be translated “ere
the return of the ebbing tide,” and the meaning of the whole would
seem to be, that the men, having marched to the field of battle at dawn,
experienced a bloody engagement before the evening; the space of time
between tide and tide being equal to the length of a day.</p>
<p><a name="footnote101b"></a><a href="#citation101b">{101b}</a>
“Like the thunder of heaven was the clashing of the shields.”—
(Gorch. Mael.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote101c"></a><a href="#citation101c">{101c}</a>
“Od uch lle.” Al. “Od uch lled,” <i>above
the plain</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote101d"></a><a href="#citation101d">{101d}</a>
Mark the antithesis “gwr llawr”—“arbennawr,”
and “cethrawr”—“llavnawr.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote101e"></a><a href="#citation101e">{101e}</a>
“En gystud heyrn;” an allusion to the instrument which caused
his death. “Ferreus somnus.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote101f"></a><a href="#citation101f">{101f}</a>
It is clear from this statement that Erthai was the lawful lord of the
Mordei. He had been deprived of his dominions for a time, probably
through the usurpation of the “steel-clad commander,” but
at length succeeded in recovering them. Who Erthai was we know
not; Llywarch Hen had a son, whose name bore some resemblance to the
word: he is mentioned in the following triplet;—</p>
<p>“The best three men in their country,<br />For protecting their
habitation,<br />Eithyr and <i>Erthyr</i> and Argad.”<br />(Elegy
on Old Age.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote102a"></a><a href="#citation102a">{102a}</a>
Al. “Erthgi,” which is obviously the same as “Arthgi,”
a <i>bear-dog</i>. The rhythmical run of the line seems, however,
to point to the other as the proper word.</p>
<p><a name="footnote102b"></a><a href="#citation102b">{102b}</a>
“Erthychei;” there is here evidently an allusion to the
name of the hero, (that is, supposing the name adopted in the translation
to be the right one) which consideration induces us to prefer it to
the other reading, viz. “erthrychei.” “With
the latter word, however, we should translate the passage as follows;—</p>
<p>“In the front Erthai would mangle an army.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote102c"></a><a href="#citation102c">{102c}</a>
Al. “dychurant,” <i>will be afflicted</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote102d"></a><a href="#citation102d">{102d}</a>
Probably Edeyrn may have been the hero of this stanza, and that a play
upon the word is intended in the expression “edyrn diedyrn.”
Edyrn the kingdom will remain, but Edyrn the king is gone.</p>
<p><a name="footnote102e"></a><a href="#citation102e">{102e}</a>
“Gowyssawr,” the furrower of battle: the designation of
a warrior.</p>
<p>“Wyr i Vleddyn arv leiddiad<br />A oedd draw yn <i>cwysaw cad</i>.”<br />(Hywel
Cilan.)</p>
<p>A grandson of Bleddyn with the weapon of slaughter,<br />Was yonder
furrowing the battle.</p>
<p>Al. “lynwyssawr,” “the plague;” or “the
pool maker,” in reference to the effusion of blood which he caused
on the field of battle.</p>
<p>As just observed, this individual may have been Edeyrn, the son of
Nudd ab Beli ab Rhun ab Maelgwn ab Caswallon Lawhir ab Einiawn Yrth
ab Cunedda ab Edeyrn ab Padarn Beisrudd by Gwawl daughter of COEL GODEBOG,
who would be removed from the field of battle by his own clan.</p>
<p><a name="footnote103a"></a><a href="#citation103a">{103a}</a>
“Bu truan,” just as in line 107.</p>
<p><a name="footnote103b"></a><a href="#citation103b">{103b}</a>
The names of both these persons, as we have already seen, occur together
in a Poem attributed to Aneurin, and printed in Davies’s Mythology
of the Druids. The latter, moreover, appears in the Tale of “Kilhwch
and Olwen,” where a daughter of his is likewise mentioned by the
name of Eheubryd. Cyvwlch is there stated to have been one of
the three grandsons of Cleddyv Divwlch, the other two being Bwlch and
Sevwich. “Their three shields are three gleaming glitterers.
Their three spears are three pointed piercers. Their three swords
are three griding gashers, Glas, Glesig, and Clersag.” (page 291.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote103c"></a><a href="#citation103c">{103c}</a>
“Leu,” the root of “goleu,” “lleuad,”
&c. The other reading “liw,” is equally proper,
even as we still say “liw dydd,” “liw nos,”
&c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote103d"></a><a href="#citation103d">{103d}</a>
Lit. “rush-light.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote103e"></a><a href="#citation103e">{103e}</a>
Lit. “its enmity lasted long.” The latter portion
of this stanza, which refers to Tudvwlch and Cyvwlch, seems to have
been misplaced.</p>
<p><a name="footnote103f"></a><a href="#citation103f">{103f}</a>
Qu. “Icenorum arx?”</p>
<p><a name="footnote103g"></a><a href="#citation103g">{103g}</a>
“Ewgei,” <i>e wgei</i> from “gwg,” <i>a frown</i>.
Al. “negei,” <i>he shewed resistance</i>, from “nag,”
a <i>denial</i>. So in “Englynion y Beddau;”—</p>
<p>“Y Beddau hir yn Ngwanas<br />Ni chavas ae dioes<br />Pwy vynt
hwy, pwy eu <i>neges</i>.”</p>
<p>i.e. “who will own, or who will deny them.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote104a"></a><a href="#citation104a">{104a}</a>
Can this mean <i>blood</i> or <i>bloody field</i>? It is certain
that Meigant (600-630) uses the word in that sense;—</p>
<p>“<i>Plwde</i> y danav hyd ymhen vy nghlun,”<br />(Myv.
Arch. vol. i. p. 160)</p>
<p>Under me was blood to the top of my knee.</p>
<p><a name="footnote104b"></a><a href="#citation104b">{104b}</a>
“Digalonnit,” the other reading “dygollovit,”
(dygoll ovid) would signify that the horn <i>banished his sorrow</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote104c"></a><a href="#citation104c">{104c}</a>
Al. “Even on the foam-bordered Mordei.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote104d"></a><a href="#citation104d">{104d}</a>
Which “Gwarthlev,” ( the voice of reproach) was not.
Davies makes “eno bryt,” into a proper name, and construes
the sentence thus;—</p>
<p>“Whilst Gwarthlev and Enovryd were pouring forth the liquor.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote105a"></a><a href="#citation105a">{105a}</a>
“Arch.” Al. “arth en llwrw.” “He
was an impetuous bear.” There may be here a faint allusion
to the name Gwarthlev, nor is it unlikely that his ensign bore the figure
of a bear.</p>
<p><a name="footnote105b"></a><a href="#citation105b">{105b}</a>
“Gwd,” (gwdd) <i>that turns round</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote105c"></a><a href="#citation105c">{105c}</a>
“Gyfgein,” (cyvgein) <i>co-light</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote105d"></a><a href="#citation105d">{105d}</a>
A peculiarity observable in Welsh documents is, that they frequently
consign general circumstances to the island of Britain in particular.
This may be exemplified by the account which is given of the deluge
in Triad 13. (Third Series;)—</p>
<p>“The three awful events of the <i>Isle of Britain</i>; first,
the bursting of the lake of waters, and the overwhelming of the face
of all lands; so that all mankind were drowned, excepting Dwyvan and
Dwyvach, who escaped in a naked vessel, and of them the Isle of Britain
was repeopled,” &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote105e"></a><a href="#citation105e">{105e}</a>
Gwrveling.</p>
<p><a name="footnote105f"></a><a href="#citation105f">{105f}</a>
Al. “ungentle.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote105g"></a><a href="#citation105g">{105g}</a>
Vide supra, lines 89, 113.</p>
<p><a name="footnote105h"></a><a href="#citation105h">{105h}</a>
As there is nothing to rhyme with “ryodres,” probably there
is a line left out here.</p>
<p><a name="footnote106a"></a><a href="#citation106a">{106a}</a>
It would appear from this that the feast was given in celebration of
the time of harvest. That the Britons, like the Jews, exhibited
signs of great joy at that season, may be inferred from the following
Triads of Dyvnwal Moelmud. (Myv. Arch. vol. iii. p. 283.)</p>
<p>“Tair clud udcorn sydd; dygynnull gwlad gan riaint a phencenedloedd,
<i>corn cynhauav</i>, a chorn cad a rhyvel rhag gormes gorwlad ac estron.”</p>
<p>There are three trumpet progressions; the assembly of a country according
to heads of families and chiefs of tribes, the horn of harvest, and
the horn of war and of battle against the oppression of neighbours and
aliens.</p>
<p>“Tair clud addwyn y sydd; beirdd yn darogan heddwch, <i>cyrch
cynhauav</i>, a phriodas.”</p>
<p>There are three happy progressions; bards announcing peace, a meeting
in harvest time, and a marriage.</p>
<p>“Tri corn cynghlud y sydd; <i>corn cynhauav</i>, corn dadlau,
a chorn goly-chwyd.”</p>
<p>There are three horns for mutual progression; the horn of harvest,
the horn of contention, and the horn for religious adoration.</p>
<p><a name="footnote106b"></a><a href="#citation106b">{106b}</a>
“Arvel,” which is required on account of the rhyme.</p>
<p><a name="footnote106c"></a><a href="#citation106c">{106c}</a>
Bright shields, which are here likened to wings.</p>
<p>“Y gylchwy dan y gymwy bu adenawc.”<br />Line 361</p>
<p>His round shield was with fire winged for slaughter.</p>
<p><a name="footnote106d"></a><a href="#citation106d">{106d}</a>
An allusion to the trappings of the horses.</p>
<p><a name="footnote107a"></a><a href="#citation107a">{107a}</a>
“Diryf.” “Rhyv;” that enlarges or swells
out; “diryv,” without enlargement. A descriptive reference
to the expanding or bulging effects of spears when hurled against a
shield.</p>
<p><a name="footnote107b"></a><a href="#citation107b">{107b}</a>
Al. “with equal step they thickly assembled,” “cnydyn”
from <i>cnydiaw</i>, to yield a crop. And “cynfedion”
from <i>cyd</i> together, and <i>pedion</i>, feet.</p>
<p><a name="footnote107c"></a><a href="#citation107c">{107c}</a>
Al. “unprofitably.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote107d"></a><a href="#citation107d">{107d}</a>
“Hudid” (huddid) covered over.</p>
<p><a name="footnote107e"></a><a href="#citation107e">{107e}</a>
Query, “vras” to rhyme with “glas”?</p>
<p><a name="footnote107f"></a><a href="#citation107f">{107f}</a>
“Teithi;” <i>the character</i>, i.e. of the military preparations.</p>
<p><a name="footnote107g"></a><a href="#citation107g">{107g}</a>
“Amgant;” al. “etmygant;” in which case the
passage might be rendered,—</p>
<p>“Famous were the characteristics<br />Of, &c.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote107h"></a><a href="#citation107h">{107h}</a>
The Novantæ comprised the present districts of Galloway, Carrick,
Kyle, and Cunningham.</p>
<p><a name="footnote108a"></a><a href="#citation108a">{108a}</a>
If we have interpreted “pumcant” aright, as giving the number
of men in each battalion, it would appear that “mwnt,” though
primarily standing for one hundred thousand, has also a general sense.
This view of it might in like manner apply to the statement made at
line 49.</p>
<p><a name="footnote108b"></a><a href="#citation108b">{108b}</a>
“Trychwn,” i.e. tri cwn (a head) a regiment commanded by
one head.</p>
<p><a name="footnote108c"></a><a href="#citation108c">{108c}</a>
Al. “Thrice six,” &c. Al. “Three noisy,”
&c. That as many as 300 commanders should issue from Eiddin,
can only be explained on the supposition that, because of its proximity
to Cattraeth, it formed the principal station of the allied forces.</p>
<p><a name="footnote108d"></a><a href="#citation108d">{108d}</a>
Lit. “golden kings wearing chains.” The manner in
which the greater and lesser numbers are placed in juxtaposition (lines
184-187) makes it very probable that the latter designate the commanders
of the troops there mentioned. And we may well suppose that the
statement from line 188 to line 191 is a mere continuation of the character
of the “three bold knights.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote108e"></a><a href="#citation108e">{108e}</a>
<i>Lead</i>, being heavy, answers to “trwm” in the preceding
line.</p>
<p><a name="footnote108f"></a><a href="#citation108f">{108f}</a>
A reference to the armour of the soldiers.</p>
<p><a name="footnote109a"></a><a href="#citation109a">{109a}</a>
Or “who were Brython.” The Brython were the third
“social tribe of the Isle of Britain,” who “came from
the land of Llydaw, and were descended from the primitive tribe of the
Cymry,” (Triad 5, third series.) Being the third principal
tribe that settled in Britain, it is probable that their original inheritance
was Alban, one of the “three principal provinces of the Isle of
Britain,” (See Triad 2) which they must have occupied prior to
the time of Prydain the son of Aedd Mawr. Dunbarton is Dun Bretton,
i.e. Dinas y Brython.</p>
<p><a name="footnote109b"></a><a href="#citation109b">{109b}</a>
Cynon was the son of Clydno Eiddin, and one of the three counselling
warriors of Arthur.</p>
<p>“Tri chyngoriad varchawg llys Arthur; Cynon ab Clydno Eiddin,
Arawn ab Cynvarch, a Llywarch Hen ab Elidyr Lydanwyn.”<br />(Triad
86, first series.)</p>
<p>He was also one of the “three ardent lovers,” on account
of his passion for Morvydd, daughter of Urien Rheged.</p>
<p>“Tri serchawg Ynys Prydain; Caswallawn mab Beli am Flur merch
Fugnach Gorr, a Thrystan mab Tallwch am Essyllt gwreig March Meirchiawn
ei ewythr, a Chynon ab Clydno Eiddun am Forwydd verch Urien.”<br />(Tr.
53.)</p>
<p>Cynon ab Clydno Eiddin was educated at the college of Llancarvan,
and is said to have answered one of the seven questions proposed by
Cattwg Ddoeth, the President, as follows,—</p>
<p>“Pa gamp decav ar ddyn?<br />Atteb. Cyweirdeb.”<br />(Cynan
ab Clydno Eiddin ai dywawd.)</p>
<p>What is man’s fairest quality?<br />Answer. Sincerity.</p>
<p>His grave is recorded in the Englynion y Beddau. (Myv. Arch.
vol i. p. 79.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote109c"></a><a href="#citation109c">{109c}</a>
We adopt this as a proper name, because it makes up the number three.
A person of that name is mentioned in the following stanza;—</p>
<p>“A glywaist ti chwedl Cynrain,<br />Pen cyngor Ynys Prydain,<br />Gwell
ydyw cadw nag olrhain.”</p>
<p>Hast thou heard the saying of Cynrain,<br />The chief counsellor
of the Island of Britain?<br />Better to keep than to pursue.<br />(Iolo
MSS. pp. 251, 651.)</p>
<p>The word has however been construed “chief spearmen,”
and “of the stock of.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote109d"></a><a href="#citation109d">{109d}</a>
There is a place so called in Cardiganshire.</p>
<p><a name="footnote110a"></a><a href="#citation110a">{110a}</a>
Al. “gogyverth,” to oppose.</p>
<p><a name="footnote110b"></a><a href="#citation110b">{110b}</a>
“Yn hon,” from <i>on</i> an ash, and by metonymy, a spear.
Or, as “hon” means what is present to the sight, we may
construe the passage thus,—</p>
<p>“To greet openly,” &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote110c"></a><a href="#citation110c">{110c}</a>
“Deivyr diverogion,” the droppers of Deivyr; not “the
men who dropped <i>into</i> Deira,” as Davies has it. Deivyr
and Bryneich were now opposed to the British patriots. See lines
50, 78.</p>
<p><a name="footnote110d"></a><a href="#citation110d">{110d}</a>
Namely Cydywal, a chieftain of Gwynedd, now stationed in the region
of Mordei; considering the disaster that ensued, it appeared whilst
he presided over the banquet in his own camp, as if he were merely preparing
a feast for the birds of prey.</p>
<p><a name="footnote110e"></a><a href="#citation110e">{110e}</a>
His history is unknown.</p>
<p><a name="footnote110f"></a><a href="#citation110f">{110f}</a>
“Cyn y,” i.e. <i>cyni</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote111a"></a><a href="#citation111a">{111a}</a>
Nothing is known of this diviner.</p>
<p><a name="footnote111b"></a><a href="#citation111b">{111b}</a>
The “croes” was probably a kind of cross bow. Taliesin
in “Gwaith Gwenystrad” says of the slain warriors,—</p>
<p>“Llaw ynghroes”—</p>
<p>Which has been translated by Ieuan Vardd,</p>
<p>“Their hands were on the crucifix [cross.]”<br />(Myv.
Arch. vol. i. p. 52.)</p>
<p>Al. “Athrwys,” (ath-rhwys) “very vigorously.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote111c"></a><a href="#citation111c">{111c}</a>
This appears to have been the compact entered into by the different
tribes of the Britons, for the purpose of withstanding the usurpation
of the common foe. See line 32.</p>
<p><a name="footnote111d"></a><a href="#citation111d">{111d}</a>
“Ermygei,” which might also, and perhaps more literally,
be rendered <i>he paid respect to</i>. The other reading “dirmygei,”
would mean <i>he spurned</i>, or <i>dishonoured</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote111e"></a><a href="#citation111e">{111e}</a>
“Blaen Gwynedd,” the borders of North Wales, whither the
Saxon encroachment had already extended.</p>
<p><a name="footnote112a"></a><a href="#citation112a">{112a}</a>
“Fawd ut,” i.e. ffawddyd, from ffawdd, radiation, splendour.
We may also render the sentence as follows,—</p>
<p>“I fell by the radiant rampart, (ffin)”</p>
<p>the epithet <i>radiant</i> having a reference to the arms of the
soldiers.</p>
<p><a name="footnote112b"></a><a href="#citation112b">{112b}</a>
Or, as a moral reflection,—</p>
<p>“A hero’s prowess is not without ambition.”</p>
<p>There are various readings of the word which is here translated <i>prowess</i>,
e.g. cobnet, colwed, eofned, but all of them are capable of that construction,
thus “cobnet” comes from <i>cobiaw</i>, to thump, “colwed,”
from <i>col</i> a sting, or a prop, whilst “eofned” literally
means fearlessness.</p>
<p><a name="footnote112c"></a><a href="#citation112c">{112c}</a>
In Maelderw’s stanzas thus,—</p>
<p>“When all went up, thou didst go down.”</p>
<p>In another place,—</p>
<p>“When all were extended, thou didst also fall.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote112d"></a><a href="#citation112d">{112d}</a>
The line in Gorchan Maelderw, Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 62, has been translated
by Dr. W. O. Pughe,</p>
<p>“Present, ere he spoke, was carried with the arms.”<br />(Dict.
<i>Voce</i> Breichiawl.)</p>
<p>That in the other Gorchan of Maelderw, page 85, may be rendered,</p>
<p>Present narrates that he was carried with the arms.</p>
<p><a name="footnote113a"></a><a href="#citation113a">{113a}</a>
Lit. “Three heroes and three score and three hundred, wearing
the golden torques.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote113b"></a><a href="#citation113b">{113b}</a>
If “ffosawd” ever bears the meaning assigned to it by Dr.
Pughe, it must have derived it from the practise of fighting in the
<i>fosse</i> of a camp, (which would be peculiarly <i>gashing</i>) for
on his own showing the word has no other etymon than that of “ffos,”
a <i>ditch</i>, a <i>trench</i>. From the same root Merddin gives
it the sense of burial— defossio.</p>
<p> “A hyt vraut yth goffaaf<br />Dy <i>ffossaut</i>
trallaut trymmaf.”<br />(Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 149.)</p>
<p>Until doom will I remember<br />Thy interment, which was a most heavy
affliction.</p>
<p>Likewise Taliesin;—</p>
<p>“Hyd ydd aeth ef<br />Ercwlf mur <i>ffosawd<br /></i>As arnut
tywawd.”<br />(Myv. Arch. i. p. 69.)</p>
<p>Until he, Ercwlf,<br />Descended into the fosse of the rampart,<br />And
was covered with sand.</p>
<p><a name="footnote114a"></a><a href="#citation114a">{114a}</a>
Their names are given in “Gwarchan Cynvelyn.” (Myv.
Arch. vol. i. page 60. Davies’s Mythology, page 622.)</p>
<p>Three warriors and three score and three hundred,<br />To the conflict
of Cattraeth went forth;<br />Of those who hastened from the mead of
the cup-bearers,<br />Three only returned,<br />Cynon and Cadreith,
and Cadlew of Cadnant,<br />And I myself from the shedding of blood.—</p>
<p><a name="footnote114b"></a><a href="#citation114b">{114b}</a>
The grave of Cynon is thus recorded;—</p>
<p>“Bet gur gwaud urtin<br />In uchel titin in isel gwelitin<br />Bet
Cynon mab Clytno Idin.”</p>
<p>The grave of a warrior of high renown<br />Is in a lofty region—but
a lowly bed;<br />The grave of Cynon the son of Clydno Eiddin.</p>
<p>And in another stanza;</p>
<p>“Piau y bet y dann y brin<br />Bet gur gwrt yng Kiuiscin<br />Bet
Kinon mab Clytno Idin.”</p>
<p>Whose is the grave beneath the hill?<br />It is the grave of a warrior
valiant in the conflict,—<br />The grave of Cynon the son of Clydno
Eiddin.<br />(Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 79.)</p>
<p>A saying of Cadreith has been preserved in the Englynion y Clywed.</p>
<p>“A glyweisti a gant Cadreith<br />Fab Porthawr filwr areith<br />Ni
char Dofydd diobeith.”<br />(Myv. Arch. i. 175.)</p>
<p>Hast thou heard what Cadreith sang,<br />The son of Porthawr, with
the warlike speech?<br />God loves not the despairer.</p>
<p><a name="footnote114c"></a><a href="#citation114c">{114c}</a>
“Gwenwawd.” It might be translated “flattering
song,” but <i>candid</i> or <i>sacred</i> seems more consonant
with the character of a Bard, whose motto was “Y gwir yn erbyn
y byd.” We may presume that Aneurin on this occasion displayed
his heraldic badge, which, according to the law of nations, would immediately
cause a cessation of hostilities.</p>
<p>“Tair braint Beirdd ynys Prydain; Trwyddedogaeth lle’r
elont; nas dycer arv noeth yn eu herbyn: a gair eu gair hwy ar bawb.”</p>
<p>The three primary privileges of the Bards of the Isle of Britain;
maintenance wherever they go; that no naked weapon be borne in their
presence; and their word be preferred to that of all others. (Institutional
Triads. See also Myv. Arch. vol. iii. Laws of Dyvnwal Moelmud.)</p>
<p>“Sed me per hostes Mercurius celer<br />Denso paventem sustulit
aere.<br />(Horace Carm. lib. ii. Ode 7.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote115a"></a><a href="#citation115a">{115a}</a>
“Gwyn dragon;” probably Hengist, who bore, as his arms,
a <i>white prancing horse</i> upon a red field. There is here
accordingly an allusion to the first arrival of the Saxons, which was
the cause to the Britons of all their national calamities for many a
long year after.</p>
<p>Al. “Had it not been for the two hundred (al. ten hundred)
men of the white-bannered commander.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote115b"></a><a href="#citation115b">{115b}</a>
Or, “we were not—until.” &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote115c"></a><a href="#citation115c">{115c}</a>
Lit. “thorn bushes.” For an illustration of the advantage
which the natives would derive from their woods and thickets in times
of war, the reader is referred to a story told of Caradoc in the Iolo
MSS. pp. 185, 597. which on account of its length we cannot transfer
into our pages.</p>
<p><a name="footnote115d"></a><a href="#citation115d">{115d}</a>
Or more sententiously, as Davies has it,</p>
<p>“Base is he in the field, who is base to his own relatives.”</p>
<p>The construction adopted in the text, might allude to the marriage
of Rowena with Vortigern.</p>
<p><a name="footnote116a"></a><a href="#citation116a">{116a}</a>
“Llwyeu,” from “llwyv,” a <i>frame</i>, a <i>platform</i>,
a <i>loft</i>. Or it may be “llwyv,” an <i>elm tree</i>,
in reference to the devastation of the groves just mentioned.
The elm was very common in the island at the period under consideration.
Taliesin celebrates a battle entitled “Gwaith Argoed Llwyvein,”
which means “the battle of the forest of elms.”</p>
<p>“A rhag gwaith Argoed LIwyvain<br />Bu llawer celain.”<br />(Myv.
Arch. vol. i. p. 53.)</p>
<p>Al. “When we were deprived of our sharpened weapons.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote116b"></a><a href="#citation116b">{116b}</a>
Thus in Gorchan Maelderw,—</p>
<p>“There trod not, in Gododin, on the surface of the fosse,<br />When
deprived of his sharpened weapon, none more destitute.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote116c"></a><a href="#citation116c">{116c}</a>
One reading has “the weapon of death,” another, “the
death-formed weapon, is broken and motionless.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote116d"></a><a href="#citation116d">{116d}</a>
If we give an affirmative meaning to the words “angkynnull agkymandull
agkysgoget,” the couplet might be thus rendered,—</p>
<p>“They assembled in arms, and in complete array they moved along,<br />And
rolled through the mighty horde.”</p>
<p>It is observable that Carnhuanawc adopted this affirmative form in
a similar passage with which “Gorchan Tudvwlch” opens, thus:</p>
<p>“Arv ynghynnull,<br />Yn nghymandull,<br /> Twrv
yn agwedd;<br />Y rhag meiwedd,<br />Y rhag mawredd,<br />Y rhag madiedd.”</p>
<p>They assemble in arms,<br />The forces are marshalled,<br /> Tumult
approaches:<br />In the van are the warlike,<br />In the van are the
noble,<br />In the van are the good.</p>
<p>And he moreover traces a similarity between this style and that of
Tacitus, wherein the latter describes the effects of Galgacus’s
address upon his British followers;—</p>
<p>“Jamque agmina, et armorum fulgores, audentissimi, cujusque
procursu, simul instruebantur acies.”<br />(See Hanes Cymru, p.
96.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote117a"></a><a href="#citation117a">{117a}</a>
Al. “llawr,” “and <i>prostrate</i> the horde of the
Lloegrians.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote117b"></a><a href="#citation117b">{117b}</a>
The Lloegrians were the second “social tribe” that settled
in Britain. Their province was that of Lloegyr, by which the Welsh
still designate England, (Triads v. ii. first series) though there is
reason to believe that it was originally of much smaller extent.
The Lloegrians for the most part coalesced with the Saxons, (Triad vii.
third series) and grievously harassed the Cymry in the sixth century.</p>
<p>“Cynddylan, cae di y rhiw,<br />Er yddaw Lloegyrwys heddiw;<br />Amgeledd
am un nid gwiw!”<br />(Llywarch Hen.)</p>
<p>Cynddylan, guard thou the cliff,<br />Against any Lloegrians that
may come this day;<br />Concern for one should not avail.</p>
<p><a name="footnote117c"></a><a href="#citation117c">{117c}</a>
“Ygcynuor,” i.e. “yn cynvor.” Al. “cynnor,”
<i>the entrance</i>. Al. “ynghynwr,” <i>in the turmoil</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote117d"></a><a href="#citation117d">{117d}</a>
This probably refers to the enemy, who, being pagans, burnt their dead.
The fact might have been suggested to the poet’s mind, by the
name of his hero “Graid,” which signifies <i>heat</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote117e"></a><a href="#citation117e">{117e}</a>
Viz. that of Graid.</p>
<p><a name="footnote117f"></a><a href="#citation117f">{117f}</a>
The rhyme determines this form, which occurs in 1. In Gorchan
Maelderw, we have, instead of Graid the son of Hoewgi, “Braint
the son of Bleiddgi.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote118a"></a><a href="#citation118a">{118a}</a>
“Orwydan,” from Gorwydd. Another way of translating
these lines would be—</p>
<p>“There was the hero of the two shielded wings,<br />The one
with the variegated front; the other of like quality with Prydwen;</p>
<p>which was the name of Arthur’s shield;—</p>
<p>“Tarian a gymmerai Arthur ar ei Ysgwydd, yr hon a elwid Prydwen.”</p>
<p>A shield did Arthur take upon his shoulder, which was called Prydwen.<br />(Gr.
ab Arthur.)</p>
<p>The supposition that Arthur’s shield had already acquired a
notable renown is indirectly corroborated by an alleged contemporary
poem, “Preiddiau Annwn.” (Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 45)
in which his ship of the same name is clearly invested with a similarly
extravagant character,—</p>
<p>“Tri lloneid Prydwen ydd aetham ni ar for.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote118b"></a><a href="#citation118b">{118b}</a>
Al. “in the midst of arms.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote118c"></a><a href="#citation118c">{118c}</a>
Perhaps scintillations from the clash of arms.</p>
<p><a name="footnote118d"></a><a href="#citation118d">{118d}</a>
Occasioned by the brightness of the arms. Al. “Clouded was
the dawn, and the sun,” Al. “there was misery.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote118e"></a><a href="#citation118e">{118e}</a>
“<i>Bud</i> e vran,” an allusion to the name of <i>Bud</i>van.</p>
<p><a name="footnote119a"></a><a href="#citation119a">{119a}</a>
An old Adage says,—</p>
<p>“Nac addev dy rin i was.”<br />Reveal not thy secrets
to a servant.</p>
<p><a name="footnote119b"></a><a href="#citation119b">{119b}</a>
Perhaps buried on the field of battle, where the horses would trample
on his grave; or the expression might allude to the mode of his being
conveyed by horses to his last resting place.</p>
<p><a name="footnote119c"></a><a href="#citation119c">{119c}</a>
“Eleirch,” lit. <i>swans</i>, but the expression “meirch
eilw eleirch,” (horses of the colour of swans) in the Maelderw
version, seems to favour the translation we have given above.</p>
<p><a name="footnote119d"></a><a href="#citation119d">{119d}</a>
Or, “the trappings” of his charger.</p>
<p><a name="footnote119e"></a><a href="#citation119e">{119e}</a>
His history is not known.</p>
<p><a name="footnote120a"></a><a href="#citation120a">{120a}</a>
That is, he would not cowardly desert his post, and thus leave an opening
in the rank.</p>
<p><a name="footnote120b"></a><a href="#citation120b">{120b}</a>
During the Christmas festivities, which lasted for twelve days:</p>
<p>“Llon ceiliog a thwylluan<br />Au <i>deuddeng-nydd</i> yn hoean”<br />—Engl.
y Misoedd.</p>
<p>On those occasions Bards and minstrels were frequent guests at the
halls of the nobility, and their company contributed not a little to
the general entertainment. The air “Nos Galan,” we
may fairly presume, was a favourite at those festivities.</p>
<p><a name="footnote120c"></a><a href="#citation120c">{120c}</a>
The word “arvaeth” in this poem seems to have a reference
throughout to “arwydd,” or <i>ensign</i>. Thus we
may suppose that Gwenabwy bore the <i>Dragon</i> for his arms, which
device conveyed the idea of devastation, rather than that of cultivation.</p>
<p><a name="footnote120d"></a><a href="#citation120d">{120d}</a>
The Bard, according to his general custom, is here contrasting the two
aspects of his hero’s character, the domestic and the martial.</p>
<p><a name="footnote121a"></a><a href="#citation121a">{121a}</a>
A person of the name of Gwenabwy is mentioned in the Hoiannau of Merddin.—Myv.
Arch. v. i. p. 137.</p>
<p><a name="footnote121b"></a><a href="#citation121b">{121b}</a>
Llywarch Hen had a son of the name of Gwên: see his Elegy on Old
Age, where he speaks in rapturous terms of the youth’s valour.</p>
<p>“Pedwar meib ar ugaint a’m bu,<br />Eurdorchawg, tywysawg
llu;<br />Oedd Gwên goreu o naddu,” &c.</p>
<p>Four and twenty sons I have had,<br />Wearing the golden chain, leaders
of armies;<br />Gwên was the best of them.</p>
<p><a name="footnote121c"></a><a href="#citation121c">{121c}</a>
“Mai y <i>mead y gathleu</i>.” There seems to be a
playful allusion in these words to <i>mewian</i> and <i>cath</i>, the
mewing of a cat.</p>
<p><a name="footnote121d"></a><a href="#citation121d">{121d}</a>
“Meirch,” suggested by the name “Marchleu.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote121e"></a><a href="#citation121e">{121e}</a>
Al. “Maenor,” stones.</p>
<p><a name="footnote121f"></a><a href="#citation121f">{121f}</a>
Or “by the commander on his prancing charger.” “Llemenig,”
might be a proper name, for we find that one of “the three free
guests of the court of Arthur,” was so called. Nevertheless,
as it would in that character appear somewhat out of place here, we
have chosen the etymological sense in preference.</p>
<p><a name="footnote121g"></a><a href="#citation121g">{121g}</a>
“Vym am,” i.e. vy mam, as it occurs, though with the addition
of am vyrn, in 6.</p>
<p><a name="footnote121h"></a><a href="#citation121h">{121h}</a>
The Bard would here pay an indirect compliment to his own gallantry.</p>
<p><a name="footnote122a"></a><a href="#citation122a">{122a}</a>
“Bedryolet.” Al. “Spears of quartered ash were
scattered from his hand.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote122b"></a><a href="#citation122b">{122b}</a>
“Veinnyell.” Al. “veingel,” qu. narrow
shelter?</p>
<p><a name="footnote122c"></a><a href="#citation122c">{122c}</a>
Mygedorth is mentioned by Llywarch Hen,—</p>
<p>“Yn Llongborth gwelais i vygedorth<br />A gwyr yn godde ammorth<br />A
gorvod gwedi gorborth.”</p>
<p>In Llongborth I beheld a solemn pile,<br />And men suffering privation,<br />And
in a state of subjection after excess of fruition</p>
<p>It is likewise alluded to in the Triads,—</p>
<p>“Cornan, march meibion Elifer Gosgorddfawr, a ddwg arnaw Gwrgi,
Peredur, Dunawd Fyr, a Chynfelyn Drwsgl, i edrych ar fygedorth Gwenddoleu
yn Arderydd.”</p>
<p>Cornan, the horse of the sons of Elifer with the great retinue, carried
Gwrgi, Peredur, Dunawd Fyr, and Cynfelyn the stumbler, to see the funeral
pile of Gwenddoleu in Arderydd.</p>
<p>“Falsely was it said by Tudlew,<br />That no one’s steeds
would be overtaken by Marchleu;<br />As he was reared to bring support
to all around,<br />Powerful was the stroke of his sword upon the adversary;<br />Eagerly
ascended the ashen spear from the grasp of his hand,<br />From the narrow
summit of the awful pile.”<br /><i>Gorch. Mael</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote122d"></a><a href="#citation122d">{122d}</a>
“Vygu,” or “the place where he would suffocate some
one.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote122e"></a><a href="#citation122e">{122e}</a>
Or, “he would cut (lladd, mow) with a blade armfuls of furze.”
The furze was for the purpose of supplying the pile.</p>
<p><a name="footnote122f"></a><a href="#citation122f">{122f}</a>
When the weather is unsettled in harvest time, the reapers display greater
energy and activity during the intervals of sunshine; hence the point
of the simile.</p>
<p><a name="footnote123a"></a><a href="#citation123a">{123a}</a>
Nothing more is known of this chieftain.</p>
<p><a name="footnote123b"></a><a href="#citation123b">{123b}</a>
Or “Isaac,” as a proper name.</p>
<p><a name="footnote123c"></a><a href="#citation123c">{123c}</a>
“O barth deheu.” “Deheu,” literally means
<i>the right</i>, and as the mid-day sun is to the right of a person
looking eastward, the word is also taken to signify the south; hence
we say “deheudir” for South Wales. The “parth
deheu” in this place must accordingly mean some district south
of the scene of action, such as Wales, where Gwyddno and his family
resided, would be.</p>
<p><a name="footnote123d"></a><a href="#citation123d">{123d}</a>
“Devodeu,” manners, customs.</p>
<p><a name="footnote123e"></a><a href="#citation123e">{123e}</a>
That is, the ebb and influx of the tide represented the contrary aspects
of his character, the mild and the impetuous, which are respectively
described in the succeeding lines.</p>
<p><a name="footnote123f"></a><a href="#citation123f">{123f}</a>
Al. “<i>from</i> the point of Maddeu.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote123g"></a><a href="#citation123g">{123g}</a>
If we take this “clawdd” to be the Catrail, we must look
for Offer and Maddeu towards the extremity most remote from head quarters,
i.e. the fort of Eiddin, (Edinburgh) and it is rather remarkable that,
whilst the Catrail is generally supposed to terminate southward at the
Peel-fell, some eminent antiquaries have fixed its furthest point at
Castle <i>Over</i>, where there is a British fort, and others have thought
that they could trace it in the <i>Maiden-way</i> near the Roman wall,
though it must be confessed that these supposed continuations are by
a third party regarded as Roman roads. The similarity between
the words Offer and Over is very obvious. Baxter identifies <i>Over</i>
with <i>Oliclavis</i>, which is naught else but <i>ol y clawdd</i> the
extremity of the rampart.</p>
<p><a name="footnote124a"></a><a href="#citation124a">{124a}</a>
Al. “There was no young offspring that he cut not to pieces, no
aged man that he did not scatter about.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote124b"></a><a href="#citation124b">{124b}</a>
“Murgreit.” The title is ascribed by Taliesin to the
Deity.</p>
<p>“Trindawd tragywydd<br />A oreu elvydd,<br />A gwedi elvydd,<br />Addav
yn gelvydd;<br />A gwedi Adda,<br />Y goreu Eva;<br />Yr Israel bendigaid<br />A
oreu <i>Murgraia</i>.”</p>
<p>The eternal Trinity<br />Made the elements;<br />And after the elements<br />Adam
wonderfully;<br />And after Adam<br />He made Eve;<br />The blessed
Israel<br />The <i>mighty Spirit</i> made.<br />(Gwawd Gwyr Israel.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote124c"></a><a href="#citation124c">{124c}</a>
Gwyddneu or Gwyddno Garanhir, lord of Cantrev y Gwaelod, A.D. 460-520.
Three poems attributed to him are preserved in the Myvyrian Archaiology.
A character mentioned in the Mabinogion, goes by the name of Gwyddneu
ab Llwydau.</p>
<p><a name="footnote124d"></a><a href="#citation124d">{124d}</a>
Mr. Davies thinks that this warrior was the son of Cunedda, who gave
his name to Ceredigion. As Cunedda, however, flourished in the
early part of the fifth century, the martial age of his son Ceredig
would not well coincide with the date of this poem. There was
another Caredig, who succeeded Maelgwn Gwynedd as king of the Britons,
about A.D. 590.</p>
<p><a name="footnote125a"></a><a href="#citation125a">{125a}</a>
“Lletvegin;” lit. a <i>domestic animal</i>. We have
another example here of the Bard’s favourite practice of contrasting
the different qualities of the person whom he celebrates.</p>
<p><a name="footnote125b"></a><a href="#citation125b">{125b}</a>
Or “When the appointed time of his departure is at hand,”
q.d., “gar cyrdd,” from “cerdd” a <i>walk</i>.
The adopted reading, however, is very strongly corroborated by passages
in other poems, where “cyrdd” is unmistakeably used as the
plural of “cerdd,” a <i>song</i>, e.g.—</p>
<p>“Cyrdd a cherddorion<br />A chathleu englynion.”</p>
<p>Songs and minstrels,<br />And Angel’s melodies.<br />(Taliesin.)</p>
<p>“Ys cad ffyrdd, ys <i>car cyrdd</i> cyflef.”</p>
<p>“He is the roads of battle, he is the friend of harmonious
songs.”<br />(Cynddelw.)</p>
<p>“Llary deyrn cedyrn yn cadw gwesti <i>cyrdd</i>,<br /><i>Cerddorion</i>
gyflochi.”</p>
<p>A mild prince of mighty men keeping festivals of songs,<br />And
equally protecting the minstrels.<br />(Llygad Gwr.)</p>
<p>“Arddelw cain ffyrdd <i>cyrdd cyflef</i>,<br />Urddedig wledig
wlad nef.”</p>
<p>Claim the splendid paths of harmonious songs,<br />Consecrated governor
of the kingdom of heaven.<br />(Bleddyn Vardd.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote125c"></a><a href="#citation125c">{125c}</a>
A favourite saying of a person of that name has been preserved in the
following triplet;</p>
<p>“A glywaist ti chwedl Ceredig<br />Brenin doeth detholedig?<br />Pawb
a’i droed ar syrthiedig.”</p>
<p>Hast thou heard the saying of Ceredig,<br />A wise and select king?<br />Every
one has his foot on the fallen.<br />(Iolo M.S. pp. 259, 664.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote126a"></a><a href="#citation126a">{126a}</a>
The other reading “ceiniad” would mean a <i>minstrel</i>,
which, on the supposition that the chieftain of the present is the same
with that of the preceding stanza, would further support the textual
construction which we have given there to “car cyrdd,” viz.
<i>the friend of song</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote126b"></a><a href="#citation126b">{126b}</a>
Al. “gowan,” gashing.</p>
<p><a name="footnote126c"></a><a href="#citation126c">{126c}</a>
Al. “Crwydyr,” perambulated.</p>
<p><a name="footnote126d"></a><a href="#citation126d">{126d}</a>
“Cystudd daear,” <i>buried</i>; “cystudd haiarn,”
<i>killed</i>. See line 128.</p>
<p><a name="footnote126e"></a><a href="#citation126e">{126e}</a>
Caradawg Vreichvras, chief elder (pen hynaiv) of Gelliwig in Cornwall.
(Triad lxiv. first series.) According to the Triads he was one
of the battle knights of the Isle of Britain, and in the Englyn attributed
to Arthur he is styled “Pillar of Cymru.”</p>
<p>“Tri chadvarchawg Teyrn ynys Prydain: Caradawc Vreiehvras,
a Llyr Lluyddawg, a Mael ab Menwaed o Arllechwedd; ac Arthur a gant
iddynt hynn o Englyn,</p>
<p>Sev ynt vy nhri chadvarchawg<br />Mael hir a Llyr Lluyddawg,<br />A
cholovn Cymru Caradawg.”<br />(Triad 29.)</p>
<p>Caradawg’s horse Lluagor is recorded as one of the three battle
horses of the Island. (Trioedd y Meirch, Myv. Arch. vol. ii. p.
20.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote127a"></a><a href="#citation127a">{127a}</a>
This simile has evidently some connection with the story told of Caradawg,
that owing to his well founded confidence in his wife’s virtue,
he was able to carve a certain Boar’s head, an adventure in which
his compeers failed. It is remarkable also that the Boar’s
head, in some form or other, appears as the armorial bearing of all
of his name. See the “Dream of Rhonabwy.”—Note.
Al. “red boar.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote127b"></a><a href="#citation127b">{127b}</a>
This statement may have two meanings, the one real, as indicative of
what did actually take place, namely, that the dogs came out of the
neighbouring woods to feed upon the corpses which had fallen by the
band of Caradawg; the other allegorical, as referring to himself in
his character of a boar or a bull, the wild dogs being his enemies,
who thus hunted and baited him.</p>
<p><a name="footnote127c"></a><a href="#citation127c">{127c}</a>
We may infer from this admission that the Bard’s statements, though
poetically adorned, are, as to the main facts, framed with a strict
regard to truth. Thus no less than four vouchers for the correctness
of his description of Caradawg’s valour are presented to our notice
by name.</p>
<p><a name="footnote127d"></a><a href="#citation127d">{127d}</a>
Gwriad was the son of Gwrien, one of the three princes of vassal origin.
(See line 56: notes.) Gwynn might have been either Gwyn Godyvron
or Gwyn ab Nudd; both alluded to in the Mabinogi of Kilhwch and Olwen.</p>
<p><a name="footnote127e"></a><a href="#citation127e">{127e}</a>
Lit. its <i>mangling</i> or <i>hewing</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote127f"></a><a href="#citation127f">{127f}</a>
We should have been tempted to construe the line thus,—</p>
<p>“From the broken hill of <i>encounter</i>,”</p>
<p>Making “kynn caffat” into one word “cynghaffad,”
had we not been precluded by the peculiar metre which version third
presents throughout, and which accordingly requires “cyn”
in this place to rhyme with “fryn.”—</p>
<p>“O fryn } caffad.”<br />Hydwn cyn }</p>
<p>Possibly “Hydwn” may be identified with <i>Hdddinam</i>
or <i>Hadingtoun</i>, in the province of Valentia.</p>
<p><a name="footnote128a"></a><a href="#citation128a">{128a}</a>
Al. “vron,” the presence. Caradawg’s father
was Llyr Merini, a prince of Cornwall.</p>
<p><a name="footnote128b"></a><a href="#citation128b">{128b}</a>
Al. “eurawc,” covered with gold.</p>
<p><a name="footnote128c"></a><a href="#citation128c">{128c}</a>
Caradawg Vreichvras, just mentioned.</p>
<p><a name="footnote128d"></a><a href="#citation128d">{128d}</a>
These two were doubtless sons of Llywarch Hên, mentioned together
in the following stanza;—</p>
<p>“Na Phyll, na Madawg, ni byddynt hiroedlawg,<br />Or ddevawd
y gelwynt;<br />‘Rhoddyn!’—‘na roddyn!’—cyngrair
byth nis erchynt!”</p>
<p>Nor Pyll, nor Madawg, would be long lived,<br />If according to custom
there was a calling—<br />“Surrender!” “They
would not surrender!” quarters they ever scorned.<br />(Elegy
on Old Age, &c.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote129a"></a><a href="#citation129a">{129a}</a>
Two persons named Gwgan and Gwion occur together in a Triad, as having
been sentinels in the battle of Bangor, A.D. 603. As that event,
however, happened subsequently to the battle of Cattraeth, where the
heroes of the stanza were killed, the parties could not be the same.
There was another Gwgawn, designated Llawgadarn, who is ranked with
Gwrnerth and Eidiol in a Triad of the three strong men of Britain.</p>
<p>“Tri gyrddion ynys Prydain: Gwrnerth Ergydlym, a laddes yr
arth mwyav ac a welwyd erioed a saeth wellten; a Gwgawn Llawgadarn,
a dreiglis maen maenarch o’r glynn i benn y mynydd, ac nid oedd
llai na thrugain ych ai tynnai; ac Eidiol Gadarn, a laddes o’r
Saeson ym mrad Caersallawg chwechant a thrigain a chogail gerdin o fachlud
haul hyd yn nhywyll.”<br />(Triad lx. third series.)</p>
<p>Favourite expressions of both Gwgan and Gwiawn are recorded in Chwedlau’r
Doethion. (Iolo MSS. pp. 251, 651.)</p>
<p>“A glywaist ti chwedl Gwgan,<br />Gwedi dianc o’r ffwdan?<br />Addaw
mawr a rhodd fechan.”</p>
<p>Hast thou heard the saying of Gwgan,<br />After escaping from the
turmoil?<br />Great promise and a small gift.</p>
<p>“A glywaist ti chwedl Gwiawn,<br />Dremynwr, golwg uniawn?<br />Duw
cadarn a farn pob iawn.”</p>
<p>Hast thou heard the saying of Gwiawn,<br />The observer of accurate
sight?<br />The mighty God will determine every right.</p>
<p><a name="footnote129b"></a><a href="#citation129b">{129b}</a>
See proceeding stanza. Gwion and Gwyn are mentioned together as
the sons of Cyndrwyn by Llywarch Hên. See his Elegy on Cynddylan.</p>
<p><a name="footnote129c"></a><a href="#citation129c">{129c}</a>
The son of Evrog, and one of the knights of the court of Arthur, who
found the Greal.—</p>
<p>“Tri marchawg llys Arthur a gawsant y Greal. Galath vab
Llawnselot dy Lak, a Pheredur mab Evrawc Iarll, a Bort mab brenin Bort.
Y ddau gyntav oeddynt wery o gorph, a’r trydydd oedd ddiweir am
na wnaeth pechawd cnawdol ond unwaith a hynny drwy brovedigaeth yn yr
amser yr ennillawdd ev * * o verch Brangor yr hon a vu ymerodres yn
Constinobl, or honn y doeth y genhedlaeth vwyav o’r byd, ac o
genhedlaeth Joseph o Arimathea y hanoeddyn ell tri, ac o lin Davydd
brophwyd mal y tystiolaetha Ystoria y Greal.”<br />—(Triad
lxi. first series.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote129d"></a><a href="#citation129d">{129d}</a>
This name occurs in the Tale of Twrch Trwyth, page 259.</p>
<p><a name="footnote129e"></a><a href="#citation129e">{129e}</a>
Probably Aeddon the son of Ervei: see line 845.</p>
<p><a name="footnote130a"></a><a href="#citation130a">{130a}</a>
Or affirmatively, “a shield in the battle.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote130b"></a><a href="#citation130b">{130b}</a>
Or “how sad their award.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote130c"></a><a href="#citation130c">{130c}</a>
“How grievous is the longing for them.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote130d"></a><a href="#citation130d">{130d}</a>
This line is full of poetical beauty, and forcibly exhibits how the
baneful effects of the banquet, or the engagement to which it was the
prelude, prevented the return of the warriors home, which their friends
so ardently desired.</p>
<p><a name="footnote130e"></a><a href="#citation130e">{130e}</a>
This figure is similar to that in the fourth line of the stanza.</p>
<p><a name="footnote131a"></a><a href="#citation131a">{131a}</a>
His name occurs again in the poem. The “horn of Gwlgawd
Gododin” is mentioned in the Tale of “Kilhwch and Olwen,”
p. 283.</p>
<p><a name="footnote131b"></a><a href="#citation131b">{131b}</a>
Or in reference to the banquet itself,—“notable were its
effects, and it was the price which bought the battle of Cattraeth,”
i.e. bought, or brought about its disastrous consequences.</p>
<p><a name="footnote131c"></a><a href="#citation131c">{131c}</a>
That is, contributed his life towards a victory.</p>
<p><a name="footnote131d"></a><a href="#citation131d">{131d}</a>
Or <i>giantlike</i>; a reference to his stature, implied in the title
“Hir,” (tall) which was attached to his name. See
stanza V. note.</p>
<p><a name="footnote131e"></a><a href="#citation131e">{131e}</a>
Lit. “With the strength of steeds.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote131f"></a><a href="#citation131f">{131f}</a>
“Ar gychwyn,” poised, ready to fly.</p>
<p><a name="footnote132a"></a><a href="#citation132a">{132a}</a>
Rhuvawn is celebrated in a Triad as one of the three blessed kings of
the Isle of Britain.</p>
<p>“Tri gwyndeyrn ynys Prydain; Rhun ab Maelgwn, Owain ab Urien,
a Rhuawn Bevr ab Dewrath Wledig.”<br />(Triad xxv. third series.)</p>
<p>In another Triad he is recorded as one of the three imperious ones
of the island.</p>
<p>“Tri trahawc ynys Prydein; Gwibei drahawc a Sawyl ben uchel
a Ruuawn Peuyr drahawc.”<br />(Triad xxxiv. second series.)</p>
<p>Other versions, however, of the same Triad, give Rhun mab Einiawn
in the room of Rhuvawn Pebyr.</p>
<p>He is also styled one of the three golden corpses of the Isle of
Britain, because, when he was slain, his body was redeemed for its weight
in gold.</p>
<p>“Tri eurgelein ynys Prydain: Madawc mab Brwyn; Ceugant Beilliawc;
a Rhuawn Bevr, ab Gwyddnaw Garanhir; sev yu gelwid felly achaws rhoddi
eu pwys yn aur am danynt o ddwylaw au lladdes.”<br />(Tr. lxxvii.
third series.)</p>
<p>His grave is alluded to by Hywel the son of Owain Gwynedd, about
A.D. 1160, in these lines;—</p>
<p>“Tonn wenn orewyn a orwlych bet<br />Gwytua ruuawn bebyr ben
teyrnet.”<br />(Myv. Arch v. i. p. 277.)</p>
<p>The white wave, mantled with foam, bedews the grave,<br />The resting
place of Rhuvawn Pebyr, chief of kings.</p>
<p><a name="footnote132b"></a><a href="#citation132b">{132b}</a>
There may be some slight allusion here to the circumstance mentioned
in the last Triad.</p>
<p><a name="footnote132c"></a><a href="#citation132c">{132c}</a>
Coelvain; the stones of omen, an honorary reward. In this stanza
Rhuvawn is celebrated as pious, valiant, and hospitable.</p>
<p><a name="footnote132d"></a><a href="#citation132d">{132d}</a>
The hall (neuadd) might have been the camp itself, or it might have
been the general’s tent, answering to the Roman prætorium.
Along the extent of the Catrail there are several forts of the British
people, which were built either on the contiguous hills, or on the neighbouring
heights. A field in the neighbourhood of Dolgelley, which exhibits
clear vestiges of an ancient encampment, goes by the name of “<i>Neuadd
Goch</i>.”</p>
<p>“Neuadd pob diddos.”<br />Every shelter is a hall.<br />(Adage.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote133a"></a><a href="#citation133a">{133a}</a>
Or, “so great, so immense was the slaughter.” Another
reading; “So great, a sea of radiance was the slaughter,”
“mor o wawr,” in reference to the brightness of the weapons.</p>
<p><a name="footnote133b"></a><a href="#citation133b">{133b}</a>
Morien Manawc is mentioned in the “Dream of Rhonabwy”, as
one of the counsellors of Arthur, (p. 416.) His grave is pointed
out in the following lines;—(Myv. Arch. vol. i. page 79.)</p>
<p>“E Beteu ae cut gwitwal<br />Ny llesseint heb ymtial<br />Gwrien
Morien a Morial.</p>
<p>The graves that have their mounds together,<br />Are theirs, who
fell not unavenged,<br />Gwrien, Morien, and Morial.</p>
<p>His memory was much cherished by the mediæval Bards, who not
unfrequently compare their patrons to him. Thus Risserdyn (1290,
1340) says that Hywel ap Gruffydd had “vreich Moryen,” the
arm of Morien; and his contemporary Madawg Dwygraig eulogises Gruffydd
ap Madawg as being “ail Morien,” a second Morien.</p>
<p><a name="footnote133c"></a><a href="#citation133c">{133c}</a>
“Medut,” from “meddu,” to possess, or it may
signify “<i>drunk</i>,” from “meddw.”
The kindling of the fire seems to have been for the purpose of annoying
the enemy. Perhaps the allusion to fires, which occurs so frequently
in the Poem, may, in some measure, explain the burnt and calcined features
of many of our old camps.</p>
<p><a name="footnote133d"></a><a href="#citation133d">{133d}</a>
Cynon was probably the general of this camp, under whom Morien fought.</p>
<p><a name="footnote133e"></a><a href="#citation133e">{133e}</a>
“Welei.” Al. <i>make</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote133f"></a><a href="#citation133f">{133f}</a>
Meaning <i>himself</i>. Another reading of the latter part of
the line would be “with his brass armour shattered.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote133g"></a><a href="#citation133g">{133g}</a>
I.e. the camp occupied by the enemy, as the next line clearly indicates.</p>
<p><a name="footnote134a"></a><a href="#citation134a">{134a}</a>
“Noc ac escyc,” from “ysgog,” to stir.
Al. “Noe ac Eseye,” as if they were the names of some Saxon
officers, who hurled the stone. In this case we should render
it,</p>
<p>“Noe and Eseye hurled a massive stone from the wall of the
fort,<br />And never,” &c.</p>
<p>as if he were crushed beneath it. Adopting the former reading,
however, we must observe the point of the words “ysgyg”
and “ysgogit,” the one indicative of his undaunted courage,
the other of his motionless state in death.</p>
<p>“Marw yw—<br />Nid ysgyg er meddyg mwy.”<br />—Dr.
S. Cent.</p>
<p>He is dead; he will stir no more for all the doctor’s art.</p>
<p><a name="footnote134b"></a><a href="#citation134b">{134b}</a>
Cyhadvan, cyd advan, a co-retreat.</p>
<p><a name="footnote134c"></a><a href="#citation134c">{134c}</a>
Al. Teithan.</p>
<p><a name="footnote134d"></a><a href="#citation134d">{134d}</a>
Or “tumultuous,” annovawc, from <i>an</i> not and <i>dov</i>,
tame, gentle, Al. “anvonawc,” sent, ordered.</p>
<p><a name="footnote134e"></a><a href="#citation134e">{134e}</a>
See a description of his warlike character in the thirtieth stanza.</p>
<p><a name="footnote134f"></a><a href="#citation134f">{134f}</a>
That is, Morien himself, who bore the epithet Mynawg or Manawg, (<i>high-minded</i>.)
See preceding stanza, note two.</p>
<p><a name="footnote134g"></a><a href="#citation134g">{134g}</a>
“Yn trwm,” as a person “seirchiawc saphwyawc—(and
perhaps) elydnan,” would necessarily be. The bundles of
combustible materials, which he also carried, would add to the weight
of his armour, and tend to retard his movements. Or, “yn
trwm” may refer to the battle, as being a <i>pressure</i>, or
a <i>sad</i> affair.</p>
<p><a name="footnote135a"></a><a href="#citation135a">{135a}</a>
Qu. Pedrawg, whose son Bedwyr was one of the three crowned chiefs of
battle?</p>
<p><a name="footnote135b"></a><a href="#citation135b">{135b}</a>
“Varchawc” may be coupled with “fowys,” indicating
that the enemy fled on horseback.</p>
<p><a name="footnote135c"></a><a href="#citation135c">{135c}</a>
“Cylchwy,” means a circular inclosure as well as a shield,
and in that sense it can be taken here, as showing that Morien surrounded
the camp with fire.</p>
<p><a name="footnote135d"></a><a href="#citation135d">{135d}</a>
“Gwyth;” another reading gives “gwych,” which
would have the same meaning as “gowychydd,” line 296.</p>
<p><a name="footnote135e"></a><a href="#citation135e">{135e}</a>
Whether we read “ceinion” or “gleinion,” we
should have the same meaning, viz.—“of the saints,”
the Britons being thus distinguished from the pagan Saxons. Thus
Llywarch Hen says of Geraint that he was</p>
<p>“Gelyn i Sais, car i saint.”</p>
<p>The Saxon’s foe, the friend of Saints.</p>
<p><a name="footnote136a"></a><a href="#citation136a">{136a}</a>
“Lleithig,” a <i>throne</i>, or <i>the dais of the hall</i>;
in the latter sense it would have reference to a banquet, and perhaps
“tal” would mean the front or principal seat where Cynon
sat. When, however, the battle commenced, the chieftain quitted
the convivial board, and displayed the valour of a distinguished soldier.</p>
<p><a name="footnote136b"></a><a href="#citation136b">{136b}</a>
His first thrust being so effectual. Al. “were not recognised,”
having been so greatly mutilated.</p>
<p><a name="footnote136c"></a><a href="#citation136c">{136c}</a>
Al. “in the day of gallantry.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote136d"></a><a href="#citation136d">{136d}</a>
I.e. Elphin son of Gwyddno ab Gorvynion ab Dyvnwal Hen king of Gwent.
In the early part of his life he was the patron of Taliesin, whom he
found when an infant in a leathern bag, exposed on a stake of his father’s
wear. “When Elphin was afterwards imprisoned in the castle
of Dyganwy by Maelgwn Gwynedd, Taliesin by the influence of his song
procured his release. There is a poem in the Myvyrian Archaiology,
entitled the “Consolation of Elphin,” said to have been
written by the chief of Bards.</p>
<p>Or, more likely, because of his connection with the North, he was
one of the sons of Urien Rheged, mentioned by Llywarch Hen in the following
triplet,—</p>
<p>“Pwylrai Wallawg, marchawg trin,<br />Er echwydd gwneuthur
dyvin,<br />Yn erbyn cyvrysedd Elphin.”</p>
<p>Gwallawg, the knight of tumult, would violently rave,<br />With a
mind determined to try the sharpest edge,<br />Against the conflict
of Elphin.</p>
<p><a name="footnote137a"></a><a href="#citation137a">{137a}</a>
Probably the Epidii, in Cantyre and Argyleshire. Al. “Hud
a phyd,” “The valour of the forward Elphin had recourse
to wiles and stratagems.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote138a"></a><a href="#citation138a">{138a}</a>
Morien is probably alluded to here again, whose especial department
seems to have been the superintendence of the martial fire. “Mur
greit,” to which we have given the same meaning as to “Murgreit,”
(line 292) might, however, in connection with the rest of the verse
be differently translated; thus “The furze was kindled on the
rampart by the ardent bull of conflict,” or “The furze was
kindled by the ardent bulwark, the bull of conflict.” The
latter construction seems to be favoured by a stanza in “Cyvoesi
Merddin,” (Myvyrian Archaiology, vol. i. p. 148) where Morien
is styled “mur trin,” “the bulwark of conflict.”</p>
<p>“Marw Morgeneu marw kyvrennin<br />Marw Moryen mur trin<br />Trymmav
oed am dy adoed di Vyrdin.”</p>
<p>Morgeneu dead, Kyvrenin dead,<br />Morien the bulwark of conflict
dead;<br />Most sad the lingering that thou art left, O Merddin.</p>
<p><a name="footnote138b"></a><a href="#citation138b">{138b}</a>
The meaning seems to be, that the enemies directed their attack to the
part which abounded most with riches, or where the treasures were collected,
or it may refer to the banquet; “alavvedd,” signifying the
<i>flowing mead</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote138c"></a><a href="#citation138c">{138c}</a>
“Llaes;” al. “lliaws,” <i>numerous</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote138d"></a><a href="#citation138d">{138d}</a>
Beli son of Benlli, a famous warrior in North Wales. Allusion
is made to his burying place in Englynion y Beddau;—</p>
<p>“Pieu y bedd yn y maes mawr,<br />Balch ei law ar ei lavnawr?<br />Bedd
Beli vab Benlli gawr.”</p>
<p>Who owns the grave in the great plain,<br />Proud his hand upon his
spear?<br />The grave of Beli son of Benlli Gawr.<br />(Myv. Arch. v.
i. p. 82.)</p>
<p>Or Beli son of Rhun, a sovereign of North Wales.</p>
<p><a name="footnote139a"></a><a href="#citation139a">{139a}</a>
“Ffin;” i.e. the Catrail.</p>
<p><a name="footnote139b"></a><a href="#citation139b">{139b}</a>
The contrast between the appearances of the two heralds is remarkable.</p>
<p><a name="footnote139c"></a><a href="#citation139c">{139c}</a>
I.e. the “Nar,” the puny messenger of the Saxons, compared
here to a “twrch,” a <i>boar</i>, or a <i>mole</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote139d"></a><a href="#citation139d">{139d}</a>
“Of a worthy character.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote139e"></a><a href="#citation139e">{139e}</a>
Or, “the battle spear.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote139f"></a><a href="#citation139f">{139f}</a>
“A clat,” cladd, a trench. “In those parts where
it (the Catrail) is pretty entire,—the fosse is twenty-six and
twenty-five feet broad; and in one place which was measured by Dr. Douglas,
the fosse was twenty-seven and a half feet broad. But in those
parts where the rampart has been most demolished, the fosse only measures
twenty-two and a half feet, twenty, and eighteen; and in one place only
sixteen feet wide.” Chalmers’s Caledonia, vol. i.
Al. “aclut,” i.e. Alclud, (Dunbarton.) “The
warriors upon the far-famed Alclyde.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote140a"></a><a href="#citation140a">{140a}</a>
Or, “in behalf of the power.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote140b"></a><a href="#citation140b">{140b}</a>
Being skilled in the knowledge of the stars.</p>
<p><a name="footnote140c"></a><a href="#citation140c">{140c}</a>
Lit. “For the falling.” To pull one’s hair was
looked upon in the light of a great insult, as we may well infer from
the kindred one of handling the beard, which was punishable by law.
Thus e.g. a man might legally beat his wife “am ddymuno mevl ar
varv ei gwr”—for wishing disgrace on the beard of her husband.
Such a treatment appears to have been offered to Gwydion, which made
his attendant determined upon avenging his cause.</p>
<p><a name="footnote140d"></a><a href="#citation140d">{140d}</a>
“Awyr eryr,” a title given to him in reference to the sublime
character of his profession. Gwydien, or Gwydion, was one of the
three blessed astronomers of the Isle of Britain,</p>
<p>“Tri gwyn Seronyddion ynys Prydain. Idris Gawr, a Gwydion
mab Don, a Gwyn ab Nudd; a chan vaint eu gwybodau am y ser a’u
hanianau a’i hansoddau y darogenynt a chwenychid ei wybod hyd
yn nydd brawd.”<br />(Triad lxxxix. third series.)</p>
<p>Two stanzas entitled “Cad Goddau,” published in the Myv.
Arch. vol. i. p. 167, are ascribed to him. He is reported to have
been buried in Morva Dinllev. See Englynion y Beddau, (Myv. Arch.
vol. i. p. 78.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote141a"></a><a href="#citation141a">{141a}</a>
Gwyddwg seems to have been in the service of Gwydien.</p>
<p><a name="footnote141b"></a><a href="#citation141b">{141b}</a>
Al. “protect him with his spear,” (wayw.) The other
reading (waen) is preferred on account of the rhyme.</p>
<p><a name="footnote141c"></a><a href="#citation141c">{141c}</a>
“Murdyn;” it may be “mur dyn,” (<i>the bulwark
of men</i>) as descriptive of the character of Morien, who is elsewhere
styled “mur trin,” see line 382, note.</p>
<p><a name="footnote141d"></a><a href="#citation141d">{141d}</a>
We meet in British history with several instances of female heroism;
the following Triad records the names of three viragos in particular;—</p>
<p>“Tri gwrvorwyn ynys Prydain; Llewei verch Seithwedd Saidi;
a Mederai Badellvawr, a Rhorei vawr verch Usber Galed.”<br />(Triad
96, third series.)</p>
<p>The Englynion Beddau y Milwyr point out the graves of others,—</p>
<p>“Y beteu yn y morva ys bychan ae haelwy<br />Y mae Sanant Syberv
vun y mae Run ryvel achwy<br />Y mae Carwen verch Kennin y mae lledin
a llywy.”<br />(Myv. Arch. i. 82.)</p>
<p>The graves on the shore, on which but little generosity has been
bestowed,<br />Are those of Sanant the courteous maid, of Rhun foremost
in the war,<br />Of Carwen daughter of Cennyn, of Lledyn and Llywy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote141e"></a><a href="#citation141e">{141e}</a>
His character has been described before in stanza xxv.</p>
<p><a name="footnote142a"></a><a href="#citation142a">{142a}</a>
The servant in question, for “unben” does not exclusively
mean a monarch, but it is applied also as a complimentary appellation
like the modern Sir, “Ha unben! Duw a’ch noddo.”
“O Sir! God protect you.” (Kilhwch and Olwen.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote142b"></a><a href="#citation142b">{142b}</a>
Al. “heb benn,” a headless wolf.</p>
<p><a name="footnote142c"></a><a href="#citation142c">{142c}</a>
It would appear as if the servant retaliated in kind upon the slayer
of his mistress, who was either a wolf in disposition, or bore it as
a badge; and that such a deed entitled him to bear a coat charged with
figures emblematic thereof.</p>
<p><a name="footnote142d"></a><a href="#citation142d">{142d}</a>
“Ysgrwydiat.” Al. “Gold mailed warriors slept
in death, (cysgrwyddiad) on the city walls.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote142e"></a><a href="#citation142e">{142e}</a>
“Cred,” of faith, as distinguished from the unbelieving
Saxons.</p>
<p><a name="footnote142f"></a><a href="#citation142f">{142f}</a>
“Aerflawdd,” nimble for slaughter. “There was
a tribute of carnage, nor were they long engaged in the tumult of battle.”<br /><i>Gorch
Mael</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote143a"></a><a href="#citation143a">{143a}</a>
Another version gives “the birds of battle;” but both doubtless
refer to the birds of prey which roved to the scene of battle, prepared
to perch upon the carcases of the dead. There is something extremely
natural and affecting in the conduct of the “feeble man,”
as here described.</p>
<p><a name="footnote143b"></a><a href="#citation143b">{143b}</a>
Or, “of fair observation:” probably the very individual
who warded off the birds. The Gorchan Maelderw would indicate
that Syll was an incorrect transcript of <i>pelloid</i> or <i>pellwyd</i>,
which word would supply the blank after <i>brwydryat</i>, and make the
line rhyme with the preceding. The passage would then be, “and
drove away the roving birds. Truly, Mirain,” &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote143c"></a><a href="#citation143c">{143c}</a>
A river so called, which cannot now be identified, as there are several
in the South of Scotland, which would admit of this Welsh form; such
as, the Leith, the Lugar, &c. Perhaps it is the same with
Aber Lleu, where Urien Rheged was assassinated, and Aber Llyw mentioned
in the “Elegy on Old Age” by Llywarch Hen.</p>
<p><a name="footnote143d"></a><a href="#citation143d">{143d}</a>
“In the day of conflict.” <i>Gorch. Mael</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote144a"></a><a href="#citation144a">{144a}</a>
Al. “look.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote144b"></a><a href="#citation144b">{144b}</a>
“Gwyr nod;” this expression has two significations, it means
both “men of note” and “slaves.” The lines
that follow seem to restrict it here to the latter sense.</p>
<p><a name="footnote144c"></a><a href="#citation144c">{144c}</a>
The word Din indicates it to have been a camp or a fort.</p>
<p><a name="footnote144d"></a><a href="#citation144d">{144d}</a>
“We may suppose this to refer to the property that was collected
within the camp on the summit of the hill.</p>
<p><a name="footnote144e"></a><a href="#citation144e">{144e}</a>
“Dinas,” a fortified town. In these lines we have
a graphic picture of the panic stricken state of that portion of the
army in which Aneurin happened to be at this particular time; and it
is a fitting prelude to the account of his incarceration which he gives
in the succeeding stanza but one. But whilst the bard exposes
his own incapacity, he pays an indirect compliment to the skill and
courage of Gwynwydd; such a state of affairs, he seems to say, was owing
to the absence of that hero on the heights.</p>
<p><a name="footnote144f"></a><a href="#citation144f">{144f}</a>
Meaning, perhaps, that had he himself been present, this cowardice would
not have been manifested. We may, however, render the line thus,—“Vines
are not named when they are not found,” and regard it as a proverb
intended to illustrate the truth of the foregoing statements, viz. that
no mention would have been made of such things had they not really existed.
Truth was a necessary element of Welsh Poetry.</p>
<p><a name="footnote145a"></a><a href="#citation145a">{145a}</a>
“Ceny,” i.e. cyni. Llywarch Hen has introduced a stanza
into his “Elegy on Old Age,” very similar in some of its
expressions;</p>
<p>“Adwen leverydd cyni<br />Vran; pan disgynai yn nghyvyrdy<br />Pen
gwr, pan gwin a ddyly.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote145b"></a><a href="#citation145b">{145b}</a>
“Talben,” a fixed charge, or a tax. A very natural
reflection from the head of a family!</p>
<p><a name="footnote145c"></a><a href="#citation145c">{145c}</a>
“Gorddin;” what impels or drives forward; what is posterior,
ultimate, or following; the rear. (Dr. Pughe’s Dict.)
It would appear from this that the captive was pushed along towards
his prison by some person from behind.</p>
<p><a name="footnote145d"></a><a href="#citation145d">{145d}</a>
I.e. this treatment I despise, it is beneath my notice, I will regard
it as a particle of dust under my feet. There was a maxim in reference
to a really felt trouble which said;—</p>
<p>“Nid â gwaew yn ronyn.”<br />Pain will not become
a particle.</p>
<p><a name="footnote145e"></a><a href="#citation145e">{145e}</a>
How true to nature this disclaimer of any peevish and revengeful feelings
when the power of fully exercising them was taken away! And yet
his conduct, as implied in “gorddin,” at the same time belied
such a declaration.</p>
<p><a name="footnote145f"></a><a href="#citation145f">{145f}</a>
Lit. “my knee.” The prisoner here very naturally gives
vent to his feelings in reference to the racking pain which was inflicted
upon him.</p>
<p><a name="footnote146a"></a><a href="#citation146a">{146a}</a>
“<i>Bundat</i>,” from <i>pwn</i>. In the original
the line is imperfect, the particular part of his person that was thus
pained being left unmentioned.</p>
<p><a name="footnote146b"></a><a href="#citation146b">{146b}</a>
He here summons back his courage, and bursts into expressions of defiance
as to the irresistible freedom of his <i>awen</i>, declaring that he
would still in his dismal prison celebrate the praise of his countrymen,
to the disparagement of his enemies at the battle of Cattraeth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote146c"></a><a href="#citation146c">{146c}</a>
Lit. “make,” “compose;” ποιεω.</p>
<p><a name="footnote146d"></a><a href="#citation146d">{146d}</a>
Perhaps this may mean no more than that Taliesin’s mind was akin
to his own.</p>
<p><a name="footnote146e"></a><a href="#citation146e">{146e}</a>
The dawn of the following morning; or, it may, be the day of liberty.</p>
<p><a name="footnote146f"></a><a href="#citation146f">{146f}</a>
Or we may put “goroledd gogledd” in apposition with “gwr,”
and construe it thus,—</p>
<p>“The hero, the joy of the North, effected it,”</p>
<p>i.e. my deliverance. Llywarch Hen and his sons came from the
North.</p>
<p><a name="footnote147a"></a><a href="#citation147a">{147a}</a>
Lit. “There does not walk upon the earth.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote147b"></a><a href="#citation147b">{147b}</a>
“Dihafarch drud,” the same epithets are applied to Llywarch
in the following Englyn y Clywed.—</p>
<p>“A glyweisti a gant Llywarch,<br />Oedd henwr drud dihavarch;<br />Onid
cyvarwydd cyvarch.”</p>
<p>Didst thou hear what Llywarch sang,<br />The intrepid and bold old
man?<br />Greet kindly though there be no acquaintance.</p>
<p><a name="footnote147c"></a><a href="#citation147c">{147c}</a>
He would not submit to arbitration, which would imply an inability to
assert their rights by force of arms.</p>
<p><a name="footnote147d"></a><a href="#citation147d">{147d}</a>
Senyllt was the son of Cedig ab Dyvnwal Hen, and father of Nudd Hael.
The word means seneschal, and perhaps Senyllt acted in that character,
and had derived his name from thence. The term in the etymological
sense would be applied to Gwen.</p>
<p><a name="footnote148a"></a><a href="#citation148a">{148a}</a>
Al. “He bestowed his sword upon the,” &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote148b"></a><a href="#citation148b">{148b}</a>
Al. “lynwyssawr;” “he was a plague;” or “with
his arm he made pools of blood.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote148c"></a><a href="#citation148c">{148c}</a>
“Seil,” lit. “foundation.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote148d"></a><a href="#citation148d">{148d}</a>
This seems to countenance the idea suggested in the note to line 346,
that the <i>Neuadd</i> was none other than the camp itself.</p>
<p><a name="footnote148e"></a><a href="#citation148e">{148e}</a>
“Keingyell,” ceingel; a hank of thread.</p>
<p><a name="footnote148f"></a><a href="#citation148f">{148f}</a>
This was probably his sword which flashed.</p>
<p><a name="footnote148g"></a><a href="#citation148g">{148g}</a>
Llywarch Hen’s son, see note to line 272. He was slain “ar
ryd vorlas,” on the ford of Morlas, which, as far as its etymology
is concerned, would very well answer to the scene of the battle of Cattraeth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote148h"></a><a href="#citation148h">{148h}</a>
There is much poetic force in this line.</p>
<p><a name="footnote149a"></a><a href="#citation149a">{149a}</a>
Perhaps <i>Luce</i> Bay, near <i>Leuco</i>pibia.</p>
<p><a name="footnote149b"></a><a href="#citation149b">{149b}</a>
Llywarch Hen, in his Elegy on Urien Rheged, speaks thus,—</p>
<p>“Yn Aber <i>Lleu</i> lladd Urien.”<br />In Aber <i>Lleu</i>
Urien was slain.</p>
<p><a name="footnote149c"></a><a href="#citation149c">{149c}</a>
Probably on the river <i>Lid</i>, or Liddel, on the northern borders
of Cumberland.</p>
<p><a name="footnote149d"></a><a href="#citation149d">{149d}</a>
It is not unlikely that the “cangen Caerwys,” formed a part
of the great fleet of Geraint, who is styled in Brut Tysilio, “Geraint
Caerwys.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote149e"></a><a href="#citation149e">{149e}</a>
A poetical definition of a storm in winter.</p>
<p><a name="footnote149f"></a><a href="#citation149f">{149f}</a>
“Rhiallu” means also the power of a sovereign, but as it
is not likely that Aneurin would acknowledge the regal claims of the
enemy, we have thought it more consistent with the general design of
the poem to adopt a construction, which shows the advantages possessed
by the enemy over the natives in point of numerical strength.</p>
<p>“Deg myrdd yn y rhiallu, deg rhiallu yn y vynta, a deg mynta
yn y gatyrva.”</p>
<p>Ten myriads in the riallu ten times the riallu, in the mynta, ten
mynta in the catyrva.</p>
<p><a name="footnote150a"></a><a href="#citation150a">{150a}</a>
“Dyvu wyt,” dyvnwydd; or according to Gorch. Mael. dyvwn,
i.e. Devon, the country of Geraint ab Erbin,—“Gwr dewr o
goettir Dyvnaint.” (Llywarch Hen.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote150b"></a><a href="#citation150b">{150b}</a>
“Yd wodyn,” from <i>gwoddew</i>, purpose or design.
Al. “foddyn,” did they drown.</p>
<p><a name="footnote150c"></a><a href="#citation150c">{150c}</a>
Qu. <i>Carban</i>tium in the province of Valentia?</p>
<p><a name="footnote150d"></a><a href="#citation150d">{150d}</a>
Dyvynawl Vrych, or Donald Brec, who is said in the Scotch Chronicles
to have been slain in the battle of Vraithe Cairvin, (qu. Carw van?)
by Owain king of the Britons. He is introduced to our notice again
in the Gododin.</p>
<p><a name="footnote150e"></a><a href="#citation150e">{150e}</a>
Or, <i>a bolt</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote150f"></a><a href="#citation150f">{150f}</a>
Pwyll in some of the pedigrees of Gwynvardd Dyved is said to be the
son of Argoel, or Aircol Law Hir, son of Pyr y Dwyrain; but Mr. Davies
in the “Rites and Mythology of the Druids,” states that
he was the son of Meirig, son of Aircol, son of Pyr, which is rather
confirmed by some other MS. Pedigrees. In Taliesin’s “Preiddeu
Annwn,” he is mentioned, with his son Pryderi, as having joined
Arthur in some perilous expeditions.</p>
<p>“Bu cywair carchar Gwair ynghaer Sidi<br />Trwy ebostol Pwyll
a Phryderi.” &c.</p>
<p>Arranged was the prison of Gwair in Caer Sidi<br />By the ministration
of Pwyll and Pryderi. &c.<br />(Myv. Arch. i. 45.)</p>
<p>Pwyll is the hero of one of the Mabinogion.</p>
<p><a name="footnote151a"></a><a href="#citation151a">{151a}</a>
Brwys; “of fine growth,” “large.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote151b"></a><a href="#citation151b">{151b}</a>
Llywarch Hen speaks of a person of this name.</p>
<p>“Tywarchen Ercal ar âr dywal<br />Wyr, o edwedd Morial;<br />A
gwedy Rhys mae rhysonial.”<br />(Elegy on Cynddylan.)</p>
<p>The sod of Ercal is on the ashes of fierce<br />Men, of the progeny
of Morial;<br />And after Rhys there is great murmuring of woe.</p>
<p><a name="footnote151c"></a><a href="#citation151c">{151c}</a>
Al. “from the place where he was once overtaken.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote151d"></a><a href="#citation151d">{151d}</a>
This stanza evidently contains a reproof to one of the British chiefs,
who turned coward on the field of battle. The circumstances mentioned
in the two first lines, that his shield was pierced behind him, “ar
grymal carnwyd,” (on the crupper of his horse) would indicate
that he was then in the act of fleeing, holding his shield in such a
position, as best to protect his back from the darts of his pursuers.
Of this the Bard remarks “ni mad,” it was not honourable,
“non bene.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote152a"></a><a href="#citation152a">{152a}</a>
Lit. “placed his thigh on.” Llywarch Hen gives quite
a different account of his own son Pyll;—</p>
<p>“Mad ddodes ei vorddwyd dros obell<br />Ei orwydd, o wng ac
o bell.”<br />(On Old Age.)</p>
<p>Gracefully he placed his thigh over the saddle<br />Of his steed,
on the near and farther side.</p>
<p><a name="footnote152b"></a><a href="#citation152b">{152b}</a>
We may suppose that the Bard looks upon the dark hue of his accoutrements
as ominous of a mournful and dishonourable result.</p>
<p><a name="footnote152c"></a><a href="#citation152c">{152c}</a>
A sarcastic irony addressed to the coward himself, who probably had
boasted of some heroic deeds that he would perform. Where are
they? And where is this brave warrior? Not distinguishing
himself on the field of battle; not entering cities in triumph; but
in a cell gnawing the shoulder of a buck.</p>
<p><a name="footnote152d"></a><a href="#citation152d">{152d}</a>
“Gell.” This word has a reference to “gell,”
<i>dark</i>, and it may be that Aneurin regarded the one as typical
of the other; that he thought the man who appeared in dark armour would
eventually be found in a dark cellar. It is not clear whether
this person secreted himself, or whether he was placed by his enemies
in the “cell” here mentioned. If the former, we may
regard his eating the venison as a further proof of his unwarlike character;
if the latter, “cnoi angell bwch” may be considered as something
tantamount to living upon bread and water in our days.</p>
<p><a name="footnote152e"></a><a href="#citation152e">{152e}</a>
Al. “hwch,” a sow.</p>
<p><a name="footnote152f"></a><a href="#citation152f">{152f}</a>
Al. “May triumph be far from his hand.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote153a"></a><a href="#citation153a">{153a}</a>
See line 468. It may be inferred from this place that the person
just spoken of had abandoned Gwen, which shows his character in still
blacker colours.</p>
<p><a name="footnote153b"></a><a href="#citation153b">{153b}</a>
See line 404. O shame upon the nameless knight, to flee where
a woman fought!</p>
<p><a name="footnote153c"></a><a href="#citation153c">{153c}</a>
“Dibennor;” this word may signify either the rabble who
were not invested with military accoutrements, or such as had no regular
commander, or the infantry as distinguished from the cavalry mentioned
in the succeeding line. Though so many were ready to attack the
Saxons, the circumstance could not inspire our hero(!) with any corresponding
amount of patriotic feelings.</p>
<p><a name="footnote153d"></a><a href="#citation153d">{153d}</a>
“It is well that Adonwy came, that Adonwy came to the defence
of those that were left;<br />Bradwen fought, slaughtered, and burned;<br />Thou
didst not guard either the extremity or the entrance<br />Of the towering
town; thy helmet did I not behold from the sea,<br />From the rampart
of the sea, O thou knight worse than a slave.”<br /><i>Gorch.
Mael</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote154a"></a><a href="#citation154a">{154a}</a>
This stanza refers to a conference, to which the Cymry were at length
fain to submit.</p>
<p><a name="footnote154b"></a><a href="#citation154b">{154b}</a>
<i>Trimuntium</i>, belonging to the Selgovæ, in Valentia.
Al. “The dales beyond the ridges that were cultivated.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote154c"></a><a href="#citation154c">{154c}</a>
“Gwas,” which means also youth. It is probable that
the messenger or herald of the Saxons is here meant, who being of an
avaricious mind made exorbitant demands, was “heb ymwyd,”
could not keep his “gwyd,” his inclinations or desires,
within his own breast. Nor was Aneurin on the other hand willing
that his countrymen should make concessions; rather than that, he calls
upon them to put forth their strength once more, and assert their rights
on the field of battle.</p>
<p><a name="footnote154d"></a><a href="#citation154d">{154d}</a>
Aneurin, addressing his country.</p>
<p><a name="footnote154e"></a><a href="#citation154e">{154e}</a>
Al. “Plentiful.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote154f"></a><a href="#citation154f">{154f}</a>
Llancarvan in Glamorganshire was anciently called by this name.
Al. “tan veithin;” qu. tân eithin, gorze fire?</p>
<p><a name="footnote154g"></a><a href="#citation154g">{154g}</a>
“Luthvin,” (glwth vin.) Al. “the edge of his
sword gleamed.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote154h"></a><a href="#citation154h">{154h}</a>
The Saxon herald.</p>
<p><a name="footnote154i"></a><a href="#citation154i">{154i}</a>
“Gnaws gwan,” him, who was necessarily in a weak or defenceless
state, namely the British herald.</p>
<p><a name="footnote154j"></a><a href="#citation154j">{154j}</a>
By the “bulwark of toil” is probably understood Morien.</p>
<p><a name="footnote155a"></a><a href="#citation155a">{155a}</a>
Being like him a Bard.</p>
<p><a name="footnote155b"></a><a href="#citation155b">{155b}</a>
“Cynrennin.” Al. “expert.” The conference
having been so egregiously violated by the assassination of the British
herald, is immediately broken up, and the advice of Aneurin eagerly
followed.</p>
<p><a name="footnote155c"></a><a href="#citation155c">{155c}</a>
Their loquacity and haste had been greatly excited by liquor.</p>
<p><a name="footnote155d"></a><a href="#citation155d">{155d}</a>
See Notes to stanza xxxviii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote155e"></a><a href="#citation155e">{155e}</a>
The treacherous herald before mentioned.</p>
<p><a name="footnote156a"></a><a href="#citation156a">{156a}</a>
Another way of construing these two lines would be,—</p>
<p>“Strangers to the country, their deeds shall be heard of;<br />The
bright wave murmured along on its pilgrimage;”</p>
<p>in reference to the British heroes.</p>
<p><a name="footnote156b"></a><a href="#citation156b">{156b}</a>
According to version 4,—</p>
<p>“Where they had collected together the most melodious deer.”</p>
<p>The deer were collected within the encampment for the purpose of
supplying the army with food, or so as to be out of the reach of the
enemy. The locality was probably that of Ban Carw, the Deer Bank.</p>
<p><a name="footnote156c"></a><a href="#citation156c">{156c}</a>
Dyvynawl Brych.</p>
<p><a name="footnote156d"></a><a href="#citation156d">{156d}</a>
I.e. no pacific insignia.</p>
<p><a name="footnote156e"></a><a href="#citation156e">{156e}</a>
A moral reflection suggested by the perfidy of the Saxons at the conference
of Llanveithin.</p>
<p><a name="footnote156f"></a><a href="#citation156f">{156f}</a>
Morial is recorded in one of the Englynion y Beddau, (see line 348,
note 2) as one who fell not unavenged. His name occurs in one
of Llywarch Hen’s poems, (see line 495. note 2.) Meugant
gives an account of the expedition of one Morial to Caer Lwydgoed (Lincoln)
from whence he brought a booty of 1500 bullocks.</p>
<p><a name="footnote156g"></a><a href="#citation156g">{156g}</a>
Or, “mutually sharing” the toils of war.</p>
<p><a name="footnote157a"></a><a href="#citation157a">{157a}</a>
These two lines may be translated in reference to the Saxon herald;</p>
<p>“The stranger with the crimson robe pursued,<br />And slaughtered
with axes and blades.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote157b"></a><a href="#citation157b">{157b}</a>
“Cywrein.” Al. “The warriors arose, met together,
and with one accord,” &c.</p>
<p><a name="footnote157c"></a><a href="#citation157c">{157c}</a>
Or, “made the assault.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote157d"></a><a href="#citation157d">{157d}</a>
Or, simply, “women.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote157e"></a><a href="#citation157e">{157e}</a>
“Gwich,” a shriek; Al. “acted bravely.”
Al. “were greatly exasperated;” or perhaps for “gwyth”
we should read <i>gweddw</i>, “their wives they made widows.”
Gruffydd ap yr Ynad Coch in his Elegy upon Llywelyn, (Myv. Arch. i.
396) makes use of similar sentiments, in the following lines,—</p>
<p>Llawer deigr hylithr yn hwylaw ar rudd<br />Llawer ystlys rhudd a
rhwyg arnaw<br />Llawer gwaed am draed wedi ymdreiddiaw<br />Llawer
gweddw a gwaedd y amdanaw<br />Llawer meddwl trwm yn tomrwyaw.<br />Llawer
mam heb dad gwedi ei adaw<br />Llawer hendref fraith gwedi llwybrgodaith<br />A
llawer diffaith drwy anrhaith draw<br />Llawer llef druan fal ban fu’r
Gamlan.</p>
<p>Many a slippery tear sails down the cheek,<br />Many a wounded side
is red with gore,<br />Many a foot is bathed in blood,<br />Many a widow
raises the mournful shriek,<br />Many a mind is heavily troubled,<br />Many
a son is left without a father,<br />Many an old grey town is deserted,<br />Many
are ruined by yonder deed of war,<br />Many a cry of misery arises as
erst on Camlan field.</p>
<p><a name="footnote158a"></a><a href="#citation158a">{158a}</a>
Al. “Nor was there a hero (lew from glew)” &c.
Al. “Nor was there a lion so generous, in the presence of a lion
of the greatest course;” the latter description referring to some
other chief of renown.</p>
<p><a name="footnote158b"></a><a href="#citation158b">{158b}</a>
Or the <i>cry</i>, “dias;” being either the shout of battle,
or the voice of distress.</p>
<p><a name="footnote158c"></a><a href="#citation158c">{158c}</a>
“Angor,” from <i>ang</i> and <i>gor</i>; lit. a <i>staying
round</i>, which indicates the city in question to have been of a circular
form. Probably it was one of the forts which are so commonly seen
on our hills.</p>
<p><a name="footnote158d"></a><a href="#citation158d">{158d}</a>
That is, either the place where Bards were entertained, or where the
deer were protected. See line 535.</p>
<p><a name="footnote159a"></a><a href="#citation159a">{159a}</a>
“Gwryd,” <i>manliness</i>, as displayed in war.</p>
<p><a name="footnote159b"></a><a href="#citation159b">{159b}</a>
I.e. Cynon.</p>
<p><a name="footnote159c"></a><a href="#citation159c">{159c}</a>
Or, “wide.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote159d"></a><a href="#citation159d">{159d}</a>
A similar expression has been used before (line 512) “nac eithaf
na chynor.” A “clod heb or heb eithaf,” simply
means immortal praise.</p>
<p><a name="footnote159e"></a><a href="#citation159e">{159e}</a>
The distinguishing feature of this stanza is its prosopopæia,
or its change of things into persons, as in the case of Hwrreith, Buddugre,
and Rheiddyn, which are translated respectively Spoliation, Victory,
and the Lance.</p>
<p><a name="footnote159f"></a><a href="#citation159f">{159f}</a>
Eidol or Eidiol Gadarn is recorded as one of the three strong men of
Britain, having, at the meeting on Salisbury plain, slain 660 Saxons
with a billet of wood.</p>
<p>“Tri Gyrddion Ynys Prydain; Gwrnerth Ergydlym, a laddes yr
arth mwyaf ac a welwyd erioed a saeth wellten; a Gwgawn Lawgadarn, a
dreiglis maen Maenarch or glynn i ben y mynydd, ac nid oedd llai na
thrugain ych ai tynnai; ac Eidiol Gadarn, a laddes o’r Saeson
ym mrad Caersallawg chwechant a thrugain a chogail gerdin o fachlud
haul yd yn nhywyll.”<br />(Triad 60. third series.)</p>
<p>The time here specified “from sunset until dark,” will
not be found to tally at all with the commencement of the fight at Cattraeth,
which is said to have been “with the day,” and “with
the dawn;” this circumstance is fatal to Davies’s theory.</p>
<p>The first lines of this stanza may be translated in divers ways,
such as,—</p>
<p>“With a feast of wine and a banquet of mead, endowed<br />By
Cynlaith, mother of Hwrraith, was the energetic Eidol.”</p>
<p>Also,—</p>
<p>“With a feast of wine and a banquet of mead,<br />Did his brave
(<i>hwrraith</i> from <i>hwrdd</i>) mother<br />Cynlaith, enrich<br />The
energetic Eidol.”</p>
<p>Again,—</p>
<p>“With a feast of wine and a banquet of mead,<br />Did his mother
Hwrraith<br />At the first fall of the dew (<i>cyn llaith</i>) enrich<br />The
energetic Eidol.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote160a"></a><a href="#citation160a">{160a}</a>
The hill on which the vanguard was stationed.</p>
<p><a name="footnote160b"></a><a href="#citation160b">{160b}</a>
Waiting their prey.</p>
<p><a name="footnote160c"></a><a href="#citation160c">{160c}</a>
“Cynydaw” (cnydiaw) to yield a crop. Cynydaw means
also to rise; and we may thus construe the passage,—</p>
<p>“The foremost spearmen spring up around him.”</p>
<p>Another reading gives “cwydaw” to fall, in allusion to
the slaughter of the men; adopting this expression, it would seem that
“arnaw” was more applicable to “racvre,” the
mount of the van.</p>
<p><a name="footnote160d"></a><a href="#citation160d">{160d}</a>
“Glas heid,” (glas haidd) green barley. It is rather
singular that the words, without the slightest alteration, will admit
of another simile equally beautiful and appropriate, viz.—<i>glas
haid</i>, a blue swarm of flies. The word <i>glas</i> may be indicative
of the prevailing colour of the dress or armour of the men,</p>
<p>“As from the rocky cliff the shepherd sees<br />Clustering
in heaps on heaps the driving bees,<br />Rolling, and blackening, swarms
succeeding swarms,<br />With deeper murmurs and more hoarse alarms;<br />Dusky
they spread, a close embodied crowd,<br />And o’er the vale descends
the living cloud.”<br />(Pope’s Homer, b. ii. l. 111.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote161a"></a><a href="#citation161a">{161a}</a>
“Hedin;” this word seems of kindred nature with haidd (barley)
and is here translated accordingly; (hedeg, to shoot out, or to ear,
as corn.) Another version gives “hediw,” (<i>heddyw</i>,
today.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote161b"></a><a href="#citation161b">{161b}</a>
It is still very common in Wales to call the cause or origin of any
thing by the name of mam: thus, for instance, we say “mam y drwg”
of the chief instigator of mischief. What we are to understand
by the “mother of the lance” it is not very easy to determine;
it might have been courage or the sense of wrong, or quarrel, or any
other cause which excited the Britons to fight.</p>
<p><a name="footnote161c"></a><a href="#citation161c">{161c}</a>
Al. “They marched and chanted, clad in coat of mail.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote162a"></a><a href="#citation162a">{162a}</a>
“Vawr dru,” &c. Al. “miserable hero.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote162b"></a><a href="#citation162b">{162b}</a>
This confirms the view we have taken of the “milcant a thrychant”
at line 86.</p>
<p><a name="footnote162c"></a><a href="#citation162c">{162c}</a>
“Gloew dull;” in bright array. It may refer also to
the viands.</p>
<p><a name="footnote162d"></a><a href="#citation162d">{162d}</a>
“Mai;” Taliesin, in like manner, says of Urien, that he
was,—</p>
<p>“Un yn darwedd<br />Gwin a mal a medd.”</p>
<p>One who was generous of wine, and bounty, and mead.</p>
<p>“Mal,” properly speaking, seems to have been a certain
tribute, as above. Thus we read in Welsh legends;—</p>
<p>“He gave his domain of Clynog to God and to Beuno for ever,
without either contribution or tax (heb na mal nac ardreth.”)<br />(Buch.
Beuno.)</p>
<p>Again,—</p>
<p>“There is neither contribution nor tax, (na mal na threth)
which we ought to pay.”<br />(H. Car. Mag. Mabinogion.)</p>
<p>The word in the text may signify gifts or presents; or it may mean
<i>meal</i>, (mâl, what is ground) in allusion to the more substantial
portion of the feast.</p>
<p><a name="footnote163a"></a><a href="#citation163a">{163a}</a>
Lit. “I am being ruined.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote163b"></a><a href="#citation163b">{163b}</a>
Mynyddawg himself.</p>
<p><a name="footnote163c"></a><a href="#citation163c">{163c}</a>
Al. “From amongst.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote163d"></a><a href="#citation163d">{163d}</a>
That is, free and precipitate in his course, as a ball flies through
the air. This simile seems to have been borrowed from a popular
game among the Britons called <i>pelre</i>, which consisted in the beating
of a ball backwards and forwards, and is alluded to by Taliesin in the
following lines;</p>
<p>“Ceiniadon moch clywid eu govalon:<br />Marchawglu mor daer
am Gaer Llion;<br />A dial Idwal ar Aranwynion<br />A gware pelre a
phen Saeson.”<br />(Myv. Arch. i. p. 73.)</p>
<p>Songsters, soon would their cares be heard;<br />An army of horsemen
so harassing round Caer Llion;<br />And the revenge of Idwal on the
Aranwynians;<br />And the playing of ball-buffetting with Saxon heads.</p>
<p>Al. “mab Pel;” Present the son of Pel.</p>
<p><a name="footnote163e"></a><a href="#citation163e">{163e}</a>
“Hud:” has this word any reference to “<i>hud</i>wg,”
a racket for ball playing?</p>
<p><a name="footnote164a"></a><a href="#citation164a">{164a}</a>
“Ystryng;” from <i>ys</i> and <i>tryng</i> or <i>trengu</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote164b"></a><a href="#citation164b">{164b}</a>
“Adan;” that is <i>â dan</i>, will go under.
Lit. “under the red-stained warriors go the steeds,” &c.
“Ymdan march,” is a well known phrase for mounting a horse.</p>
<p><a name="footnote164c"></a><a href="#citation164c">{164c}</a>
The same, it may be, with Angar, one of the sons of Caw of Cwm Cawlwyd,
and brother of Aneurin. A saying of his occurs in the Chwedlau’r
Doethion. (Iolo MSS. pp. 256, 554.)</p>
<p>“A glyweist ti chwedl Angar<br />Mab Caw, Catfilwr clodgar?<br />Bid
tonn calon gan alar.”</p>
<p>Hast thou heard the saying of Angar,<br />Son of Caw the celebrated
warrior?<br />The heart will break with grief.</p>
<p><a name="footnote164d"></a><a href="#citation164d">{164d}</a>
“Raen,” from <i>rha</i>, which is also the root of <i>rhain</i>,
spears.</p>
<p><a name="footnote164e"></a><a href="#citation164e">{164e}</a>
This passage, in another form, occurs three times in the Maelderw version
and may be translated as follows;</p>
<p>“Angor, thou scatterer of the brave,<br />Serpent, piercing
pike,<br />And immovable stone in the front of the army.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote164f"></a><a href="#citation164f">{164f}</a>
Al. “Oppressor, dressed in thy shining white robes.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote165a"></a><a href="#citation165a">{165a}</a>
“Gwaenawr.” Al. “The spears.” Al.
“The stones.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote165b"></a><a href="#citation165b">{165b}</a>
That is, the fosse of the Catrail, or that which surrounded one of the
camps.</p>
<p><a name="footnote165c"></a><a href="#citation165c">{165c}</a>
See lines 386, 524, 534. Al. “like ploughing the furrow.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote165d"></a><a href="#citation165d">{165d}</a>
The Bard in this stanza evidently plays upon the names of three of the
British heroes, showing how appropriately they represented their respective
characters; <i>Cywir</i>, <i>enwir</i>; <i>Merin</i>, <i>mur</i>; <i>Madien</i>,
<i>mad</i>. Perhaps it would be better to transpose the two first,
and read the line as it occurs in one stanza of the Gorchan Maelderw;</p>
<p>“Enwir ith elwir oth gywir weithred.”<br />Enwir art
thou named from thy righteous deed;</p>
<p>for in “Kilhwch and Olwen” we meet with a person bearing
the name of Gweir Gwrhyd <i>Ennwir</i>, who is said to have been an
uncle of Arthur, his mother’s brother.</p>
<p><a name="footnote165e"></a><a href="#citation165e">{165e}</a>
“Bulwark of every tribe.” Al. “of every language.”
<i>Gorch. Maelderw</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote165f"></a><a href="#citation165f">{165f}</a>
Merin the son of Merini ab Seithenyn, king of the plain of Gwyddno,
whose land was overflowed by the sea. He is said to have been
the founder of the church of Llanverin, or Llanvetherin, Monmouthshire.
In the Gorchan Maelderw Merin is called the son of Madieith.</p>
<p><a name="footnote166a"></a><a href="#citation166a">{166a}</a>
Al. “Gwynedd.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote166b"></a><a href="#citation166b">{166b}</a>
I.e. the drinking horn. “Dial;” <i>Gorch. Mael</i>.
“to take vengeance for the contribution of mead.”
Owain Cyveiliog alludes to this circumstance in his Poem on the Hirlas
Horn;—</p>
<p>“Kigleu am dal met myned dreig Kattraeth.”<br />(Myv.
Arch. i. 266.)</p>
<p>That this author was acquainted with the Gododin appears further
from the following,</p>
<p>“Nid ym hyn dihyll nam hen deheu;”</p>
<p>where he evidently refers to line 290 of our Poem.</p>
<p><a name="footnote166c"></a><a href="#citation166c">{166c}</a>
“Cyvyringet,” those who met together between the two armies;
from cyvrwng, cyd-rhwng.</p>
<p><a name="footnote166d"></a><a href="#citation166d">{166d}</a>
“Cibno ced,” seems to have been the cup of drink presented
to bards and minstrels by their entertainers. (See line 345.)
Not even the speech inspiring influence of this cup, could elicit an
adequate description of the slaughter which ensued at Cattraeth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote167a"></a><a href="#citation167a">{167a}</a>
Or, “the gallantry of the glorious knight of conflict.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote167b"></a><a href="#citation167b">{167b}</a>
Lit. “Ruddy reaping.” Al. “Ruddy reaper, thou
pantest for war.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote167c"></a><a href="#citation167c">{167c}</a>
Al. “Thou man of Gwynedd.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote167d"></a><a href="#citation167d">{167d}</a>
Lit. “Thou unmanest;” di-mwng.</p>
<p><a name="footnote167e"></a><a href="#citation167e">{167e}</a>
“Llain.” Al. “lance.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote167f"></a><a href="#citation167f">{167f}</a>
The expression “until blood flows” is not in the original.</p>
<p><a name="footnote167g"></a><a href="#citation167g">{167g}</a>
That glass vessels were used by the Britons in the sixth century is
further proved by the testimony of Llywarch Hen, who speaks of</p>
<p>“Gwyr ni giliynt rhag ovn gwayw,<br />Ac yved gwin o wydr gloyw.”<br />(Elegy
upon Geraint)</p>
<p>Men who would not flinch from the dread of the spear,<br />And the
quaffing of wine out of the bright glass.</p>
<p><a name="footnote168a"></a><a href="#citation168a">{168a}</a>
“Ariant,” money contributed towards any thing; thus “ariant
cwynos,” supper money, was paid by the gentry and freeholders
towards the maintenance of the officers of the court; “ariant
gwastrodion,” money of the equerries, was paid by the king’s
tenants in villainage once a year, to furnish provender for his horses;
“ariant am y vedd” would likewise be a contribution paid
towards a banquet of mead. Gwaednerth made his enemies, as it
were, pay him this tribute with the gold of their armour.</p>
<p><a name="footnote168b"></a><a href="#citation168b">{168b}</a>
His history is unknown.</p>
<p><a name="footnote168c"></a><a href="#citation168c">{168c}</a>
Or, “retinue.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote168d"></a><a href="#citation168d">{168d}</a>
“Dyrraith;” law of fate; death,</p>
<p><a name="footnote168e"></a><a href="#citation168e">{168e}</a>
Probably Ayr in Scotland, rather than Aeron in Wales.</p>
<p><a name="footnote168f"></a><a href="#citation168f">{168f}</a>
Lit. “the head.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote168g"></a><a href="#citation168g">{168g}</a>
I.e. the Clyde. Al. “The brown eagles.” Llywarch
Hen speaks of “the brown eagles” (eryron llwyd) and of “the
eagle with the brown beak,” (eryr pengarn llwyd.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote169a"></a><a href="#citation169a">{169a}</a>
Lit. “Without reproach.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote169b"></a><a href="#citation169b">{169b}</a>
Or, “From the region.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote169c"></a><a href="#citation169c">{169c}</a>
Al. “Men of privilege.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote169d"></a><a href="#citation169d">{169d}</a>
“Llogell;” a receptacle, a depository, a closet. It
might here refer more particularly to the room which contained the viands.
“Llogail” would be a wattled room.</p>
<p><a name="footnote169e"></a><a href="#citation169e">{169e}</a>
The frequent repetition of the word “byd” in this stanza
is remarkable.</p>
<p><a name="footnote169f"></a><a href="#citation169f">{169f}</a>
Lit. “not without ambition.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote169g"></a><a href="#citation169g">{169g}</a>
Eidol is specified by name as being the most indefatigable in his pursuit
after mirth. A person of that name and character is mentioned
in a poem attributed to Cuhelyn. See Myv. Arch. i. 164.</p>
<p><a name="footnote169h"></a><a href="#citation169h">{169h}</a>
Or, “the grandson of Enovant.” Al. “One out
of a hundred,” Cynddilig might have been the son of Cor Cnud,
whose grave is recorded in the Englynion y Beddau. (Myv. Arch.
i. 11.)</p>
<p>“Kian a ud diffaith cnud.<br />Draw o tuch pen bet alltud<br />Bet
Cindilic mab Corknud.”</p>
<p>Or the son of Nwython, mentioned in the Bruts, (Myv. Arch. ii. 321)
and Genealogy of the Saints. (Iolo MSS. 137.) Or else he
might have been the son of Llywarch Hen,—</p>
<p>“Och Cynddilig, na buost wraig!”<br />Oh, Cynddilig,
why wert thou not a woman!<br />(Elegy on Old Age.)</p>
<p>The mention made of Aeron in the foregoing stanza naturally led the
Bard to speak in this of a chieftain connected therewith.</p>
<p><a name="footnote170a"></a><a href="#citation170a">{170a}</a>
Were it not for the anachronism we should be induced to regard this
lady as none other than Elen the daughter of Eudav, prince of Erging
and Euas, and wife of Macsen Wledig; heroine also of a Romance entitled
“The Dream of Macsen Wledig.” As Macsen, however,
is known to have been put to death as early as the year 388, Elen’s
life could not possibly have been so protracted as to enable her to
take a part in the battle of Cattraeth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote170b"></a><a href="#citation170b">{170b}</a>
“Dieis.” Al. “her thrusts were penetrating.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote171a"></a><a href="#citation171a">{171a}</a>
“Meiwyr,” men of the field. Al. “Meinir,”
the slender maid, which might refer to the daughter of Eudav.</p>
<p><a name="footnote171b"></a><a href="#citation171b">{171b}</a>
The Gorchan Maelderw clearly indicates that the fire was kindled in
the presence of the army, and not for religious purposes before the
Deity.</p>
<p><a name="footnote171c"></a><a href="#citation171c">{171c}</a>
This stanza explains the expression used in line 116. Seven days,
then, we may suppose, formed the whole space of time during which the
events related in the Gododin occurred. The action of Homer’s
Iliad occupied nearly fifty days.</p>
<p><a name="footnote171d"></a><a href="#citation171d">{171d}</a>
The daily operations are somewhat differently stated in the fragments
of the Gododin, which are appended to “Gorchan Maelderw.”
There they are as follows,—</p>
<p>“On Tuesday they put on their splendid robes;<br />On Wednesday
bitter was their assembly;<br />On Thursday messengers formed contracts;<br />On
Friday there was slaughter;<br />On Saturday they dealt mutual blows;<br />On
Sunday they were pierced by ruddy weapons;<br />On Monday a pool of
blood knee deep was seen.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote172a"></a><a href="#citation172a">{172a}</a>
See lines 27, &c. It would appear as if the three lines at
the end of the stanza were appended to it by some compiler, merely on
account of their uniformity of rhyme.</p>
<p><a name="footnote172b"></a><a href="#citation172b">{172b}</a>
Lit, “At the early arising morn,” or “quickly rising
in the morning.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote172c"></a><a href="#citation172c">{172c}</a>
“Aber;” the junction of rivers; the fall of a lesser river
into a greater, or into the sea. By metaphor, a port or harbour.</p>
<p><a name="footnote172d"></a><a href="#citation172d">{172d}</a>
Or more definitely,—“Occurred the battle of Aber in front
of the course.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote172e"></a><a href="#citation172e">{172e}</a>
Or “a breach was made, and the knoll was pervaded with fire.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote172f"></a><a href="#citation172f">{172f}</a>
The stanza is imperfect, which accounts for the omission of the hero’s
name. From the Gorchan Maelderw we would infer that he was Gwair
one of the three “taleithiawg cad,” or coronetted chiefs
of battle. (Myv. Arch. ii. 12.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote172g"></a><a href="#citation172g">{172g}</a>
Probably, the valuables collected within the encampment on the hill.</p>
<p><a name="footnote173a"></a><a href="#citation173a">{173a}</a>
This word may be taken either in its literal sense, as alluding to the
birds of prey that devoured the dead bodies, or else metaphorically
as denoting the warriors themselves. In the latter sense Casnodyn
uses it in the following passage;</p>
<p>“Cynan—<br />Eryr tymyr gwyr, gweilch disaesneg.”</p>
<p>Cynan, the eagle of the land of men, who are heroes with no English.</p>
<p>In this sense “gwrwnde” would necessarily allude to the
colour of the men’s habiliments.</p>
<p><a name="footnote173b"></a><a href="#citation173b">{173b}</a>
The stanza is thus varied in Gorchan Maelderw,</p>
<p>“At the early dawn of morn they marched<br />To conflict, headed
by the king in front of the course;<br />Gwair was greeted by the fluid
gore<br />In the van of the battle;<br />He was a beloved friend.<br />In
the day of distress<br />The wealth of the mountain, the place,<br />And
the forward beam of war, wore a murky hue.”<br />(<i>Gorch. Mael</i>.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote173c"></a><a href="#citation173c">{173c}</a>
“Eilin;” in a second; another reading has “meitin,”
a word of similar import, signifying a space of time.</p>
<p><a name="footnote173d"></a><a href="#citation173d">{173d}</a>
“Aber;” ut supra.</p>
<p><a name="footnote173e"></a><a href="#citation173e">{173e}</a>
The Catrail, or else the vallum of our hero’s camp.</p>
<p><a name="footnote173f"></a><a href="#citation173f">{173f}</a>
That is, single handed he faces a hundred men of the enemy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote174a"></a><a href="#citation174a">{174a}</a>
That you should have committed such a slaughter with the same coolness
and indifference, as if you were merely revelling over your mead.</p>
<p><a name="footnote174b"></a><a href="#citation174b">{174b}</a>
“Dynin,” the dwarf, who had killed the British herald, contrary
to the law of war. Al, “ * * * with the edge and stroke
of the sword, the fierce warrior.”</p>
<p>“It was such a thrust to the little man.”<br />(Gorch.
Mael.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote174c"></a><a href="#citation174c">{174c}</a>
“Mor ddiachor;” it may be also translated “how unrestrainedly.”
The Gorchan Maelderw has it “mor diachar,” <i>how unamiably</i>,
which seems to be required by the rhythmical run of the passage;</p>
<p>“Oed mor diachar<br />Yt wanei escar.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote174d"></a><a href="#citation174d">{174d}</a>
It is not quite clear whether this person be the same with the one mentioned
in stanza lli. or whether another event, of a similar character with
that described therein, be not here introduced. We are inclined,
however, to consider both passages as referring to the same act of treachery.</p>
<p><a name="footnote174e"></a><a href="#citation174e">{174e}</a>
Probably from the top of the rampart.</p>
<p><a name="footnote174f"></a><a href="#citation174f">{174f}</a>
“Cynyt,” (cynnud) fire wood. The bushes growing out
of the sides of the vallum checked not his fall. Al. “Cywydd,”
his song; though this word derived from <i>cy</i> and <i>gwydd</i>,
may likewise have the same meaning as the former.</p>
<p><a name="footnote174g"></a><a href="#citation174g">{174g}</a>
“Cywrenhin,” (cywreinin) accurate, elaborate; well formed,
handsome. If it may be taken actively, the meaning in this place
would be skilful or talented, which epithet would apply well to him
as a bard.</p>
<p><a name="footnote175a"></a><a href="#citation175a">{175a}</a>
It will be recollected that the “gorgeous pilgrim,” (line
534) broke down the encampment; on the supposition, then, that he was
identical with the “foe” mentioned in the last stanza, we
may imagine him encountering Owain with his badge of truce at the very
breach he was making, and that he then and there put him to death.
It is not impossible, however, but that Owain was another herald who
renewed the offer of peace, after the death of the “delight of
the bulwark of toil,” and that both were dishonourably slain by
the same perfidious messenger.</p>
<p><a name="footnote175b"></a><a href="#citation175b">{175b}</a>
That is, he was entitled in right of his office, as herald, to every
protection and safety, whilst engaged in proposing terms of peace.</p>
<p><a name="footnote175c"></a><a href="#citation175c">{175c}</a>
Lit. “The best branch.” “The wand denotes privilege.”
See Iolo MSS. p. 634.</p>
<p><a name="footnote175d"></a><a href="#citation175d">{175d}</a>
Lit. “due.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote175e"></a><a href="#citation175e">{175e}</a>
“Three things are forbidden to a bard; immorality, to satirize,
and to <i>bear arms</i>.” (Institutional Triads.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote175f"></a><a href="#citation175f">{175f}</a>
Quasi dicat, “did not wear one.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote176a"></a><a href="#citation176a">{176a}</a>
That is, avenge his death. There is a reference here to the custom
of distributing gifts out of a coffer, suggested by the similarity between
the expressions “pridd prenial,” the earthly shrine or coffin,
and “prid prenial,” the price chest.</p>
<p><a name="footnote176b"></a><a href="#citation176b">{176b}</a>
“Barn ben” might have the sense of <i>adjudged to lose her
head</i>, capitis damnata; in which case the passage would be translated
as follows:—</p>
<p>“It was a violation of privilege to sentence a woman to death.”</p>
<p>The other construction is, however, more especially countenanced
by a similar expression in “Gwasgargerdd Vyrddin” where
the meaning is obvious.</p>
<p>“Pan dyvo y brych cadarn<br />Hyt yn Rhyt Pengarn<br />Lliwaut
gwyr treuliaut Karn<br />Pendevic Prydein yno <i>pen</i> <i>Barn</i>;”<br />(Myv.
Arch. i. 132.)</p>
<p>And on that account is preferred here. There is reason to think
that the Lady in question is the daughter of Eudav, already mentioned,
upon whose message, as well as that of Mynyddawg, “the gay and
the illustrious tribes,” proceeded to Cattraeth. It is observable,
as confirmatory of this view, that Eidol was introduced into our notice
before in the stanza immediately preceding that in which she is celebrated.</p>
<p><a name="footnote176c"></a><a href="#citation176c">{176c}</a>
“Iaen,” like ice.</p>
<p><a name="footnote177a"></a><a href="#citation177a">{177a}</a>
“Rhy,” excessively.</p>
<p><a name="footnote177b"></a><a href="#citation177b">{177b}</a>
“Gwlad <i>gordd</i>,” “<i>gwrdd</i> werydd.”
In the Triads Eidol is called one of the three <i>gyrddion</i> of the
Isle of Britain. (Triad, 60.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote177c"></a><a href="#citation177c">{177c}</a>
The agricultural character of the usual employments of the early Britons
in times of peace, is clearly inferred from the frequent use of the
word “medel,” in reference to their soldiery.</p>
<p><a name="footnote177d"></a><a href="#citation177d">{177d}</a>
Or, “He sounded for steeds, he sounded for harness.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote177e"></a><a href="#citation177e">{177e}</a>
“<i>Am</i> grudd;” his cheeks all <i>around</i>.</p>
<p><a name="footnote177f"></a><a href="#citation177f">{177f}</a>
Or, “the ribs.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote178a"></a><a href="#citation178a">{178a}</a>
The Cymry were thus styled to distinguish them from the Saxons, who
were pagans. See supra, line 365.</p>
<p><a name="footnote178b"></a><a href="#citation178b">{178b}</a>
“Amnant,” from “avn,” boldness, courage.</p>
<p><a name="footnote178c"></a><a href="#citation178c">{178c}</a>
“Cell;” a cell, a closet, a grove. Perhaps it here
means a <i>house</i>, or <i>habitation</i> in general.</p>
<p><a name="footnote178d"></a><a href="#citation178d">{178d}</a>
Lit. the room, or chamber.</p>
<p><a name="footnote178e"></a><a href="#citation178e">{178e}</a>
“Yt vyddei dyrllyddei;” where was, where was brewed; or,
“where it was wont to brew.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote178f"></a><a href="#citation178f">{178f}</a>
A person of the name of “Gwres the son of Rheged,” is mentioned
in the “Dream of Rhonabwy,” in conjunction with Owain ab
Urien. Gwrys seems to have been a Venedotian chief.</p>
<p><a name="footnote178g"></a><a href="#citation178g">{178g}</a>
The Welsh poets frequently represent a man of worth, as a <i>ced</i>,
or a gift.</p>
<p><a name="footnote178h"></a><a href="#citation178h">{178h}</a>
As the Lloegrians have been shown before to be clearly amongst the enemies
of the British chiefs, (see line 547) the meaning of this sentence is,
that the hero under consideration was the conqueror, or the master of
the Lloegrians; and that he thus marshalled them against their will.
In like manner Einion ab Gwalchmai describes Llywelyn as,—</p>
<p>“Llywelyn llew glwys, Loegrwys lugyrn.”<br />Llywelyn
the amiable lion, the torch of the Lloegrians.</p>
<p><a name="footnote178i"></a><a href="#citation178i">{178i}</a>
“Attawr;” al. “allawr,” the altar. A metaphor
borrowed from the discipline of the church, and in keeping with the
title of saints, by which the chieftain and his followers are designated.</p>
<p><a name="footnote179a"></a><a href="#citation179a">{179a}</a>
Lit. “the battle of sovereignty,”</p>
<p><a name="footnote179b"></a><a href="#citation179b">{179b}</a>
“Cynnest,” Al. “cyn cywest,” “before thou
art allied to the earth,” before thou formest an acquaintance
or connection with the earth by falling thereon.</p>
<p><a name="footnote179c"></a><a href="#citation179c">{179c}</a>
“Gorffin;” the Catrail.</p>
<p><a name="footnote179d"></a><a href="#citation179d">{179d}</a>
We have repeatedly seen that fire was resorted to in this war, for the
purpose of annoying or destroying the adversary, or else in self defence,
with the view of keeping him at bay. On the part of the Britons
the fire department seems to have been presided over by Morien; and
indeed the title “Mynawc,” which we have here translated
high-minded, and which is elsewhere connected with the name of Morien,
would induce us to infer that the Bard, in the above stanza, is presenting
us once more with a prospect of that hero surrounded by his own blazing
engines.</p>
<p><a name="footnote179e"></a><a href="#citation179e">{179e}</a>
“Lluyddawg.” Al. “The successful (llwyddawg)
bitter-handed, high-minded chief;” who may have been Llyr lluyddawg.
(Tr. xxiii.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote180a"></a><a href="#citation180a">{180a}</a>
The contrast between his conduct in war and his domestic character is
here noticed.</p>
<p><a name="footnote180b"></a><a href="#citation180b">{180b}</a>
I.e. the enemy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote180c"></a><a href="#citation180c">{180c}</a>
Or, “we are called to the sea and the borders, (or to the harbours
“cynnwr,” from cyn-dwfr) to engage in the conflict.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote180d"></a><a href="#citation180d">{180d}</a>
Lit. “Sharpened iron.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote180e"></a><a href="#citation180e">{180e}</a>
“Llavn.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote180f"></a><a href="#citation180f">{180f}</a>
“Sychyn,” a small ploughshare. Doubtless a weapon
resembling it, and bearing the same name. Al. “Syrthyn,”
“They fell headlong with a clang.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote180g"></a><a href="#citation180g">{180g}</a>
We have adopted this as a proper name from its similarity to Fflewddur
Fflam, the name of one of the three sovereigns of Arthur’s court,
who preferred remaining with him as knights, although they had territories
and dominions of their own.</p>
<p>“Tri unben Llys Arthur; Goronwy ab Echel Forddwydtwll, a Chadraith
ab Porthor Godo; a Fleidur Fflam mab Godo; sef oeddent yn Dywysogion
yn Berchennogion Gwlad a Chyfoeth, a gwell oedd ganddynt no hynny aros
yn Farchogion yn Llys Arthur, gan y bernid hynny yn bennaf ar bob anrhydedd
a bonheddigeiddrwydd, a ellid wrth ygair y Tri Chyfiawn Farchawg.”<br />(Triad,
114, third series.)</p>
<p>If, however, it be not a proper name, the line might be rendered,—</p>
<p>“A successful warrior, flaming in steel, before the enemy.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote181a"></a><a href="#citation181a">{181a}</a>
“Dinus;” from “din,” a fort, and “ysu,”
to consume.</p>
<p><a name="footnote181b"></a><a href="#citation181b">{181b}</a>
“Gwych.” Al. “the angry.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote181c"></a><a href="#citation181c">{181c}</a>
Or, “the honourable.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote181d"></a><a href="#citation181d">{181d}</a>
“Echadaf,” i.e. “ech,” εχ ex, and
“adav,” a hand.</p>
<p><a name="footnote181e"></a><a href="#citation181e">{181e}</a>
A person of this name is ranked in the Triads as one of the three “trwyddedawg
hanvodawg,” or free guests of the court of Arthur. (Myv.
Arch. ii. 73 )</p>
<p><a name="footnote181f"></a><a href="#citation181f">{181f}</a>
Or, “the sovereign of the impregnable strand, or extremity of
Gododin,” traeth y annor (an nhor.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote182a"></a><a href="#citation182a">{182a}</a>
“Am rann, (i.e. amrant.) See line 40.</p>
<p><a name="footnote182b"></a><a href="#citation182b">{182b}</a>
The city of Mynyddawg, from whence he was called Mynyddawg Eiddyn.</p>
<p><a name="footnote182c"></a><a href="#citation182c">{182c}</a>
Or, “The raging flame turns not from Eiddyn.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote182d"></a><a href="#citation182d">{182d}</a>
Or, “at the entrance or gate.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote182e"></a><a href="#citation182e">{182e}</a>
“Trusi;” al. “trin;” “he placed a thick
cover in front of the battle.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote182f"></a><a href="#citation182f">{182f}</a>
The effects of his toil in battle.</p>
<p><a name="footnote182g"></a><a href="#citation182g">{182g}</a>
Al. “O goledd,” by arrangement, being actuated by the same
motive as that which induced Gwrgan the Freckled long before to “enact
a law that no one should bear a shield, but only a sword and bow;”
hence it is said, “his countrymen became very heroic.”
(Iolo MSS. p. 351.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote183a"></a><a href="#citation183a">{183a}</a>
Lit. “the strand supported.” Traeth means also the
extremity of a district, and may accordingly be applied here to the
boundary line between Gododin and the British dominions.</p>
<p><a name="footnote183b"></a><a href="#citation183b">{183b}</a>
“Periglawr;” one who has to do with what is extreme, or
dangerous; one who administers extreme unction; a parish priest.</p>
<p><a name="footnote183c"></a><a href="#citation183c">{183c}</a>
Al. “penifeddawr,” giddy-headed. Al. “penufuddawr”
having an obedient head—rein-obeying.</p>
<p><a name="footnote183d"></a><a href="#citation183d">{183d}</a>
Al. “The mounted spearman.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote183e"></a><a href="#citation183e">{183e}</a>
Another reading gives “Odren” but the one adopted above
suits the rhyme better.</p>
<p><a name="footnote183f"></a><a href="#citation183f">{183f}</a>
There is a reference here to some pagan ceremonies to which the Saxons
had recourse, for the purpose either of propitiating their gods, or
of receiving omens at their altars.</p>
<p><a name="footnote184a"></a><a href="#citation184a">{184a}</a>
A body of British soldiers under the command of Nwython son of Gildas,
and nephew of Aneurin, seem to have taken advantage of the peculiar
position of the enemy, who were now probably unarmed, and to have attacked
them, which caused the latter, as usual, to seek refuge by flight in
one of the neighbouring forts. That we are right in adopting Nwython
as a proper name would appear, moreover, from two different passages
in the fragments of the Gododin subjoined to Gorchan Maelderw, where
“the son of Nwython,” is distinctly mentioned as one of
the heroes that fell at Cattraeth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote184b"></a><a href="#citation184b">{184b}</a>
Donald Brec, or as he is called in Latin, Dovenal Varius, king of the
Scots, who was slain by Owain, king of the Strathclyde Britons in the
battle of Vraithe Cairvin, otherwise Calatros, which in sound somewhat
resembles Galltraeth, or Cattraeth. It is true that the Scottish
chronicles assign a much later date to that event, than the era of the
Gododin, nevertheless as they themselves are very inconsistent with
one another on that point, giving the different dates of 629, 642, 678
and 686, it is clear that no implicit deference is due to their chronological
authority, and that we may, therefore, reasonably acquiesce in the view
which identifies Dyvnwal Vrych, with Donald Brec, seeing the striking
similarity which one name bears to the other.</p>
<p><a name="footnote184c"></a><a href="#citation184c">{184c}</a>
Supposing the person who killed Donald to be the same with Owain, son
of Urien, there may be here an allusion to his men as well as to the
birds of prey. See line 18 note one.</p>
<p><a name="footnote184d"></a><a href="#citation184d">{184d}</a>
Lit. “The bone;” even as it is popularly said at this day
that a man who gives great support to another is his back bone.</p>
<p>“Caletach wrth elyn nog asgwrn.”<br />Harder to an enemy
than a bone.<br />(Elegy on Cunedda.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote185a"></a><a href="#citation185a">{185a}</a>
Or, “whilst the foes range the sea.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote185b"></a><a href="#citation185b">{185b}</a>
Lit. “It was his characteristic or property.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote185c"></a><a href="#citation185c">{185c}</a>
“Naw rhiallu;” the literal amount of this force would be
900,000; “naw,” however, may have here the meaning of “nawv,”
<i>floating</i>; “naw rhiallu,” a fleet.</p>
<p><a name="footnote185d"></a><a href="#citation185d">{185d}</a>
“Gorddinau;” from “gorddin,” what impels or
drives forward; or the word may mean <i>tribes</i>, from “cordd”;
and then the passage would be:</p>
<p>“In the face of blood, of the country, and of the tribes.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote185e"></a><a href="#citation185e">{185e}</a>
Cynddilig was introduced to our notice before, (line 645) as a person
who loved the world in company with the melody-seeking Eidol.</p>
<p><a name="footnote186a"></a><a href="#citation186a">{186a}</a>
Or, “as the alternative.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote186b"></a><a href="#citation186b">{186b}</a>
That this is a proper name, appears from the following passage in Taliesin’s
“Canu y Cwrw;”—</p>
<p>“Ev cyrch cerddorion<br />Se syberw Seon<br />Neu’r dierveis
i rin<br />Ymordei Uffin<br />Ymhoroedd Gododin.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote186c"></a><a href="#citation186c">{186c}</a>
Or, “who caused the stream of blood.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote186d"></a><a href="#citation186d">{186d}</a>
Gwenddoleu ap Ceidiaw is recorded in the Triads as the head of one of
the three “teulu diwair,” or faithful tribes of the Isle
of Britain, because his men maintained the war for six weeks after he
was slain in the battle of Arderydd, A.D. 577. He is also joined
with Cynvar and Urien, under the title of the three “tarw cad”
or bulls of battle, on account of their impetuosity in rushing upon
the enemy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote187a"></a><a href="#citation187a">{187a}</a>
“Pen o draed;” from head to foot. Not, as Davies translates
it, “from the highest to the lowest,” as is evident from
a similar phrase in Cynddelw, (Myv. Arch. vol. i. p. 220.)</p>
<p>“Yd kwytynt pennawr penn o draed;”</p>
<p>where the word “pennawr” refers to one particular rank,
if not to an individual.</p>
<p><a name="footnote187b"></a><a href="#citation187b">{187b}</a>
See line 344.</p>
<p><a name="footnote187c"></a><a href="#citation187c">{187c}</a>
See line 324.</p>
<p><a name="footnote187d"></a><a href="#citation187d">{187d}</a>
See line 335.</p>
<p><a name="footnote187e"></a><a href="#citation187e">{187e}</a>
Lit. “after their conflict.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote188a"></a><a href="#citation188a">{188a}</a>
“Tra;” “whilst the gory pool continued to fill.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote188b"></a><a href="#citation188b">{188b}</a>
“Erchyn;” al. “echyn,” “and slew them
like a hero; they were not saved.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote188c"></a><a href="#citation188c">{188c}</a>
Or, “he darted with the spear,” or, “they were prostrated
with the spear.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote188d"></a><a href="#citation188d">{188d}</a>
“A medd,” with the mead. He abandoned the social banquet,
or a life of luxury, at the call of public duty.</p>
<p><a name="footnote188e"></a><a href="#citation188e">{188e}</a>
Al. “Is there a place where the people do not relate the greatness
of his counsel?”</p>
<p><a name="footnote188f"></a><a href="#citation188f">{188f}</a>
“Bwylliadau,” (i.e. bwyelliadau) the strokes of his battle-axe.
Another version gives “bwyll yaddeu,” which may be rendered,
“Pwyll assaulted.”</p>
<p>“With a rush Pwyll made the assault.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote188g"></a><a href="#citation188g">{188g}</a>
“Lliveit handit;” which were sharpened.</p>
<p><a name="footnote188h"></a><a href="#citation188h">{188h}</a>
Al. “Where his founding blade was seen.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote189a"></a><a href="#citation189a">{189a}</a>
Or, “maintenance for.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote189b"></a><a href="#citation189b">{189b}</a>
There were two persons who bore this name in the sixth century, the
one was Pryderi the son of Dolor, chief of the people of Deivyr and
Bryneich, and was distinguished with Tinwaed and Rhineri, under the
epithet of the three strong cripples of the isle of Britain:</p>
<p>“Tri Gwrddvaglawg ynys Prydain; Rhineri mab Tangwn; a Thinwaed
Vaglawg; a Phryderi mab Doler Deivr a Bryneich.”<br />(Triad,
75.)</p>
<p>The other was Pryderi, the son of Pwyll Pen Annwn, a chieftain of
Dyved, which country is by Lewis Glyn Cothi called “Gwlad Pryderi;”
and by Davydd ab Gwilym, “Pryderi dir.” He is styled
one of the three strong swineherds of Britain, having tended the swine
of Pendaran his foster father, during the absence of his father in the
unknown world.</p>
<p>“Tri Gwrddveichiad ynys Prydain; cyntav vu Pryderi vab Pwyll
Pendaran Dyved, a getwis voch ei dad tra yttoedd yn Annwn; ac yng nglyn
Cwch yn Emlyn y cetwis eve wynt.” &c.<br />(Triad, 101.)</p>
<p>In the Tale of Math Mathonwy, he is said to have been buried at Maen
Tyriawg, near Ffestiniog. We may therefore presume that the Englynion
y Beddau refer to the other in the following passage;</p>
<p>“Yn Abergenoli y mae Bet Pryderi<br />Yn y terau tormeu tir.”</p>
<p>In Abergenoli is the grave of Pryderi,<br />Where the waves beat
against the shore.</p>
<p>A saying of Pryderi has been thus recorded;—</p>
<p>“Hast thou heard the saying of Pryderi,<br />The wisest person
in counselling?<br />There is no wisdom like silence.”<br />(Iolo
MSS. p. 661.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote190a"></a><a href="#citation190a">{190a}</a>
“Pryderaf,” I am anxious about; a word suggested by the
name of the chief.</p>
<p><a name="footnote190b"></a><a href="#citation190b">{190b}</a>
A result brought about by the arrival of Pryderi’s troops.</p>
<p><a name="footnote190c"></a><a href="#citation190c">{190c}</a>
“Have I been afflicted.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote190d"></a><a href="#citation190d">{190d}</a>
“Celaig;” from <i>cel</i>, the root also of Celtiaid and
Celyddon.</p>
<p><a name="footnote190e"></a><a href="#citation190e">{190e}</a>
There were two territories of this name, Argoed Derwennydd, (Derwent
wood apparently) and Argoed Calchvynydd, “between the river Tren
and the river Tain, that is the river of London.” (Iolo
MSS. p. 476.) One of them, the former probably, was the patrimony
of Llywarch Hen.</p>
<p>“Cyn bum cain vaglawg, bum cyfes eiriawg,<br />Ceinvygir ni
eres;<br />Gwyr Argoed eirioed a’m porthes.”<br />(Elegy
on Old Age.)</p>
<p>Before I appeared with crutches, I was eloquent in my complaint,<br />It
will be extolled, what is not wonderful—<br />The men of Argoed
have ever supported me!</p>
<p><a name="footnote191a"></a><a href="#citation191a">{191a}</a>
“Gwal.” “The Cymmry appropriated this name to
regions that were cultivated and had fixed inhabitancy, as opposed to
the wilds, or the unsettled residences of the Celtiaid, Celyddon, Gwyddyl,
Gwyddelod, Ysgotiaid, and Ysgodogion; which are terms descriptive of
such tribes as lived by hunting and tending their flocks.”
(Dr. Pughe, sub. voce.) Both descriptions of persons are thus
included in the Bard’s affectionate regret. Al. “accustomed
at the rampart.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote191b"></a><a href="#citation191b">{191b}</a>
“Pwys;” pressure or weight. Or perhaps “arlwydd
pwys” means “the legitimate lord,” in opposition to
usurpers, just as a wedded wife is styled “gwraig bwys,”
as distinguished from a concubine.</p>
<p><a name="footnote191c"></a><a href="#citation191c">{191c}</a>
“Dilyvn;” or perhaps “dylyvn,” smooth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote191d"></a><a href="#citation191d">{191d}</a>
Al. “rekindled.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote191e"></a><a href="#citation191e">{191e}</a>
“Gosgroyw,” rather fresh.</p>
<p><a name="footnote191f"></a><a href="#citation191f">{191f}</a>
Geraint, the son of Erbin, was prince of Dyvnaint, (Devon) and one of
the three owners of fleets of the Isle of Britain, each fleet consisting
of 120 ships, and each ship being manned by 120 persons.</p>
<p>“Tri Llynghesawg ynys Prydain; Geraint mab Erbin; Gwenwynwyn
mab Nav; a March mab Meirchion; a chweugain llong gan bob un o’r
Llynghesogion, a chweugain llongwyr ymhob llong.”<br />(Triad
68, Third series.)</p>
<p>Llywarch Hen wrote an Elegy upon Geraint, in which the place of his
death is thus mentioned;—</p>
<p>“Yn Llongborth y llas Geraint,<br />Gwr dewr o goettir Dyvnaint,<br />Wyntwy
yn lladd gyd a’s lleddaint.”</p>
<p>At Llongborth was Geraint slain,<br />A strenuous warrior from the
woodland of Dyvnaint,<br />Slaughtering his foes as he fell.</p>
<p>Geraint ab Erbin was the grandfather of Aneurin, but as he died in
king Arthur’s time, A.D. 530, we can hardly identify him with
the Geraint of the text, who probably was a son, or some other relation,
that had inherited his fleet.</p>
<p><a name="footnote192a"></a><a href="#citation192a">{192a}</a>
“Llwch gwyn,” probably “Vanduara,” <i>Gwyn Dwr</i>,
or White Water, which seems to have been one of the old designations
of a river in Renfrewshire. (See <i>Caledonia Romana</i>, p. 143.)
Adar y y llwch gwyn, the birds of the white lake, is a mythological
epithet for vultures. Their history is recorded in the Iolo MSS.
p. 600.</p>
<p><a name="footnote192b"></a><a href="#citation192b">{192b}</a>
Al. “There was a white badge on his shield.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote192c"></a><a href="#citation192c">{192c}</a>
Lit. “his anchor.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote192d"></a><a href="#citation192d">{192d}</a>
“Cyman,” “cydvan,” (i.e. cyd man) the place
of gathering. Al. “his broken anchor.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote192e"></a><a href="#citation192e">{192e}</a>
It is not improbable that the eagle was charged on Geraint’s standard,
for it is also frequently alluded to in Llywarch Hen’s Elegy—e.g.</p>
<p>“Oedd re redaint dan vorddwyd Geraint,<br />Garhirion, grawn
odew,<br />Rhuddion, rhuthr eryron glew.”</p>
<p>Under the thigh of Geraint were fleet runners,<br />With long hams,
fattened with corn;<br />They were red ones; their assault was like
the bold eagles.</p>
<p><a name="footnote193a"></a><a href="#citation193a">{193a}</a>
“Lledvegin,” an animal partly reared in a domestic way.
We have chosen the lamb as being one of the animals most commonly reared
in this manner. Nevertheless, a previous wildness, with reference
to the military aspect of his character, might be intended to be conveyed
in this epithet.</p>
<p>“<i>Lledvegyn</i> is a kine, or what shall be tamed in a house;
namely, such as a fawn, or a fox, or a wild beast similar to those.”
(Welsh Laws.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote193b"></a><a href="#citation193b">{193b}</a>
“Rhan,” see lines 40 and 732.</p>
<p><a name="footnote193c"></a><a href="#citation193c">{193c}</a>
Or, “He presided over the feast, pouring from the horn the splendid
mead.” So Cynddelw,—</p>
<p>“Baran lew llew lloegyr oual<br />Lleduegin gwin gwyrt uual.”<br />(Myv.
Arch. v. i. p. 225.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote193d"></a><a href="#citation193d">{193d}</a>
As the natural consequence of military operations.</p>
<p><a name="footnote193e"></a><a href="#citation193e">{193e}</a>
“Llawr llaned,” ground of smooth surface. Al. “llanwed,”
every region was filled with slaughter.</p>
<p><a name="footnote193f"></a><a href="#citation193f">{193f}</a>
“Hual amhaval,” like a fetter. “Avneued”
from “avn,” courage.</p>
<p><a name="footnote194a"></a><a href="#citation194a">{194a}</a>
The sound of the name, in connection with the word “hual,”
in a former line, makes it very probable that the hero mentioned was
of the tribe of Caswallon Law Hir, celebrated as one of the “hualogion
deulu” of the Isle of Britain, called so because the men bound
themselves together with the<br />“hualau,” or fetters of
their horses, to sustain the attack of Serigi Wyddel, whom Caswallon
slew with his own hand, when he drove the Irish out of Anglesey.</p>
<p>“Tri hualogion teulu Y. P. Teulu Caswallon Llawhir a ddodasant
hualeu eu Meirch ar eu traed pob deu o naddynt wrth ymladd a Serigi
Wyddel yng Cerrig y Gwyddyl y Mon, a theulu Rhiwallon mab Uryen yn ymladd
ar Saeson, a theulu Belyn o Leyn yn ymladd ag Etwyn ym mryn Ceneu yn
Rhos.”<br />(Triad 49, first series.)</p>
<p>Caswallon Law Hir was the son of Einion Yrth ab Cunedda Wledig, king
of Gododin. He succeeded to the sovereignty of North Wales, A.D.
443, and is said to have died in 517. There was a Cas son of Seidi,
who was one of the heroes of Arthur’s Court.</p>
<p><a name="footnote194b"></a><a href="#citation194b">{194b}</a>
A hundred in the middle part of North Wales, so called from Rhuvon son
of Cunedda Wledig, whose inheritance it was.</p>
<p><a name="footnote194c"></a><a href="#citation194c">{194c}</a>
Probably the enemy.</p>
<p><a name="footnote194d"></a><a href="#citation194d">{194d}</a>
Or, “the shout was raised.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote194e"></a><a href="#citation194e">{194e}</a>
Cadvorion, i.e. cad-vawrion; or, it may be, more literally, cad-vorion,
“martial ants,” in reference to their activity.</p>
<p><a name="footnote194f"></a><a href="#citation194f">{194f}</a>
Lit. “warning.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote195a"></a><a href="#citation195a">{195a}</a>
Lit. “prepared.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote195b"></a><a href="#citation195b">{195b}</a>
The popular air “Nos Galan” is supposed to have been a relic
of the musical entertainments of this season.</p>
<p><a name="footnote195c"></a><a href="#citation195c">{195c}</a>
A chieftain of Mona, the land that enjoyed “the valour of Ervei;”
see his Elegy by Taliesin apud Myv. Arch. v. i. p. 70. Ervei was
also engaged in the battle of Cattraeth;—</p>
<p>“Red speared was Urvei before the lord of Eiddin.”<br />(Gorch.
Mael.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote195d"></a><a href="#citation195d">{195d}</a>
That is, in domestic life he was as refined as a lady, modest as a virgin,
whilst in war he was brave and high minded.</p>
<p><a name="footnote195e"></a><a href="#citation195e">{195e}</a>
The word “teyrn” reminds us of a line which countenances
the theory we suggested relative to the expression “edyrn diedyrn,”
in stanza xv. but which we omitted to mention in its proper place.
It occurs in the “Elegy on Cunedda.” (Myv. Arch. i.
p. 71) as follows;—</p>
<p>“Rhag mab <i>edern</i> cyn <i>edyrn</i> anaelew.”<br />Before
the son of Edeyrn ere his kingdom became fearful.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote196a"></a><a href="#citation196a">{196a}</a>
This warrior was probably of the family of Urien Rheged, for a grandson
of his, the celebrated Kentigern, was called Cyndeyrn Garthwys.
Arthwys son of Ceneu ab Coel was too early for the battle of Cattraeth.</p>
<p><a name="footnote196b"></a><a href="#citation196b">{196b}</a>
Tinogad was the son of Cynan Garwyn, and was celebrated for his swift
steed, named Cethin.</p>
<p>“Tri marchlwyth ynys Prydain—ar ail marchlwyth aduc Cornann
March meibion Eliffer gosgortuawr, a duc Gwrgi a Pheredur arnaw, ac
nys gordiuedawd neb namyn Dinogat vab Kynan Garwyn yar y Kethin kyvlym
ac aruidiawt ac aglot a gauas yr hynny hyd hediw.”<br />(Triad
11, second series.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote196c"></a><a href="#citation196c">{196c}</a>
The possession of slaves, whether of native origin, or derived from
the custom of the Romans, prevailed to some extent among the Britons
of the fifth and sixth century, and seems to have denoted a certain
degree of power on the part of the owners. Taliesin the Druid
boasts that he had received “a host of slaves,” (torof keith)
from his royal patron Cunedda Wledig. (Myv. Arch. v. i. p. 71.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote197a"></a><a href="#citation197a">{197a}</a>
“Bar,” al. “ban,” on the heights.</p>
<p><a name="footnote197b"></a><a href="#citation197b">{197b}</a>
Or, the chief, the best.</p>
<p><a name="footnote197c"></a><a href="#citation197c">{197c}</a>
Many places in Wales bear the name of this animal, where it appears
to have been common in ancient times, such as “Bryn yr iwrch,”
“Ffynon yr iwrch,” and the like. Hunting the roebuck
is recognised in the Welsh Laws; and is called one of the three cry
hunts (helva ddolev.)</p>
<p>“Mi adaen iwrch er nas daliwyv.” (Adage.)<br />I
know a roebuck, though I may not catch him.</p>
<p><a name="footnote197d"></a><a href="#citation197d">{197d}</a>
“Derwenydd;” Derventio, the river Derwent in Cumberland.</p>
<p><a name="footnote197e"></a><a href="#citation197e">{197e}</a>
“Llewyn a llwyvein.” It is difficult to ascertain
the particular animals which these terms respectively represent.
The former might denote a young lion, a white lion, or any beast in
general to whose eating faculties the word <i>llewa</i> would be applicable.
The latter might signify any animal whose haunts were the elm forests,
or whose property was to <i>llyvu</i> or to lick, as does a dog.
The fox being named llwynog from <i>llwyn</i> a forest, and the forests
in the North being chiefly of elm, it is not unlikely but that the said
animal was frequently called <i>llwyvain</i> in that part of the country
when the Bard wrote, though it is not known now by that name.
It is remarkable that both terms also signify certain kinds of wood.
The former the herb orach, the latter the elm.</p>
<p><a name="footnote197f"></a><a href="#citation197f">{197f}</a>
Al. “None would escape.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote198a"></a><a href="#citation198a">{198a}</a>
“Angcyvrwng;” lit. “were he to place me without an
intervening space,” that is, were he to straiten me on every side.</p>
<p><a name="footnote198b"></a><a href="#citation198b">{198b}</a>
When any thing is taken away or used, or when any thing is done, the
owner not knowing it, or without asking his leave, it is called <i>Anghyvarch</i>.
“Anghyvarchwyr,” extortioners. W. Salesbury, 1 Cor.
v.</p>
<p><a name="footnote198c"></a><a href="#citation198c">{198c}</a>
Lit. “There would not come, there would not be to me, one more
formidable.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote198d"></a><a href="#citation198d">{198d}</a>
The head of the river Clyde in Scotland.</p>
<p><a name="footnote198e"></a><a href="#citation198e">{198e}</a>
“Veruarch.” Morach Morvran is often mentioned by the
poets on account of his celebrated banquet.</p>
<p>“Cygleu yn Maelawr gawr vawr vuan,<br />A garw ddisgyr gwyr
a gwyth erwan;<br />Ac ymgynnull, am drull, am dramwyan,<br />Mal y
bu yn Mangor am ongyr dan;<br />Pan wnaeth dau deyrn uch cyrn cyvrdan,<br />Pan
vu gyveddach Morach Morvran.”</p>
<p>In Maelor the great, the hastening shout was heard,<br />And the
dreadful shrieks of men with gashing wounds in pain;<br />And together
thronging to seek a cure, round and round they strayed,<br />As it was
in Bangor for the fire of the brunt of spears;<br />When over horns
two princes caused discord,<br />While in the banquet of Morach Morvran.<br />(Owain
Cyveiliog.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote199a"></a><a href="#citation199a">{199a}</a>
This stanza evidently refers to the same transaction as that which is
recorded in the lxxxth, though the details are somewhat differently
described.</p>
<p><a name="footnote199b"></a><a href="#citation199b">{199b}</a>
One of these, we may presume, was Dyvnwal Vrych.</p>
<p><a name="footnote199c"></a><a href="#citation199c">{199c}</a>
The whole line may be thus translated;</p>
<p>“I saw the men, who with the dawn, dug the deep pit.”
Al. “I saw at dawn a great breach made in the wall at Adoen.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote199d"></a><a href="#citation199d">{199d}</a>
See stanza lii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote199e"></a><a href="#citation199e">{199e}</a>
“Yngwydd.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote199f"></a><a href="#citation199f">{199f}</a>
“Yr enwyd.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote200a"></a><a href="#citation200a">{200a}</a>
Gwarthan the son of Dunawd by Dwywe his wife, “who was slain by
the pagan Saxons in their wars in the north.” (Iolo MSS.
p. 556.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote200b"></a><a href="#citation200b">{200b}</a>
Or, “let it be forcibly seized in one entire region.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote200c"></a><a href="#citation200c">{200c}</a>
An allusion to his incarceration, see lines 440, 445.</p>
<p><a name="footnote200d"></a><a href="#citation200d">{200d}</a>
Gardith; i.e. garw deith (or teithi.)</p>
<p><a name="footnote200e"></a><a href="#citation200e">{200e}</a>
Tithragon; i.e. teith-dragon.</p>
<p><a name="footnote200f"></a><a href="#citation200f">{200f}</a>
A pitched battle.</p>
<p>“Gwr yn gware a Lloegyrwys.” (Cynddelw.)<br />A
man playing with the Lloegrians.</p>
<p><a name="footnote200g"></a><a href="#citation200g">{200g}</a>
Or, “did he bring and supply.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote200h"></a><a href="#citation200h">{200h}</a>
“Tymyr;” native place.</p>
<p><a name="footnote201a"></a><a href="#citation201a">{201a}</a>
“Dyvnuyt;” see also stanza, xlviii.</p>
<p><a name="footnote201b"></a><a href="#citation201b">{201b}</a>
One of the officers appointed to the command of Geraint’s fleet.</p>
<p><a name="footnote201c"></a><a href="#citation201c">{201c}</a>
This stanza, with the exception of a few words, is the same with the
lxxxix.</p>
<p><a name="footnote201d"></a><a href="#citation201d">{201d}</a>
Or “valiantly.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote201e"></a><a href="#citation201e">{201e}</a>
“Gwelydeint,” from “gwelyd,” a wound; or “gwelyddeint,”
they took repose in the grave.</p>
<p><a name="footnote201f"></a><a href="#citation201f">{201f}</a>
Al. “with the gory trappings,” as in the other stanza.</p>
<p><a name="footnote202a"></a><a href="#citation202a">{202a}</a>
Al. “a dau,” the two sons, and two haughty boars.</p>
<p><a name="footnote202b"></a><a href="#citation202b">{202b}</a>
Al. “riein,” a lady.</p>
<p><a name="footnote202c"></a><a href="#citation202c">{202c}</a>
Cilydd was the son of Celyddon Wledig, and father of Cilhwch who is
the hero of an ancient dramatic tale of a singular character.</p>
<p><a name="footnote202d"></a><a href="#citation202d">{202d}</a>
In a former stanza he is called Garthwys Hir.</p>
<p><a name="footnote202e"></a><a href="#citation202e">{202e}</a>
“Nod;” is a conspicuous mark.</p>
<p><a name="footnote203a"></a><a href="#citation203a">{203a}</a>
See stanza xl.</p>
<p><a name="footnote203b"></a><a href="#citation203b">{203b}</a>
“Dyli,” condition or impulse.</p>
<p><a name="footnote203c"></a><a href="#citation203c">{203c}</a>
“Vracden;” from “brag,” a sprouting out, and
“ten,” stretched.</p>
<p><a name="footnote203d"></a><a href="#citation203d">{203d}</a>
The Irish.</p>
<p><a name="footnote203e"></a><a href="#citation203e">{203e}</a>
The inhabitants of Scotland.</p>
<p>“Hon a oresgyn<br />Holl Loegr a Phrydyn.” (Taliesin.)</p>
<p>She will conquer<br />All England and Scotland.</p>
<p><a name="footnote203f"></a><a href="#citation203f">{203f}</a>
“Giniaw,” from “cyni,” affliction.</p>
<p><a name="footnote204a"></a><a href="#citation204a">{204a}</a>
“Cemp,” i.e. “camp,” a feat, surpassingly.</p>
<p><a name="footnote204b"></a><a href="#citation204b">{204b}</a>
Or, “at his side.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote204c"></a><a href="#citation204c">{204c}</a>
Al. “Arreith;” i.e. “a rhaith;” “the sentence
of the law was that they should search;” or “the jury searched.”
Al. “in various directions they searched.”</p>
<p><a name="footnote204d"></a><a href="#citation204d">{204d}</a>
Probably the Cantii or people of Kent.</p>
<p><a name="footnote204e"></a><a href="#citation204e">{204e}</a>
If the stanza, however, is not properly completed here, we may assign
the sigh to Gwenabwy himself, in reference probably to his father, as
in the preceding stanza.</p>
<div class="GutenbergBlankLines3"><br /><br /><br /></div>
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