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+Project Gutenberg's Beowulf, by James A. Harrison and Robert Sharp, eds.
+
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+Title: Beowulf
+
+Author: James A. Harrison and Robert Sharp, eds.
+
+Release Date: January, 2006 [EBook #9701]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on October 12, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEOWULF ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Karl Hagen and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+** Preface to the Project Gutenberg Edition of Beowulf **
+
+This text is a revised and corrected version of the fourth edition of
+Harrison and Sharp in its entirety. It comes in two basic versions. The
+base version (available in plain-text and HTML) presents the original text
+as printed. It preserves the source-text's idiosyncratic use of accented
+vowels with the exception of y-circumflex (ŷ), which is replaced by y-acute
+(ý) to fit within the Latin-1 character set. Manifestly unintentional
+errors in the text have been corrected. In general, this has only been done
+when the text is internally inconsistent (e.g., a quotation in the glossary
+does not match the main text). Forms that represent deliberate editorial
+choice have not been altered, even where they appear wrong. (For example,
+some of the markings of vowel length do not reflect current scholarly
+consensus.) In a few instances, quotations in the glossary use the correct
+vowel length where the main text does not. These have not been altered.
+Where an uncorrected problem may confuse the reader, I have inserted a note
+explaining the difficulty, signed KTH. A complete list of the changes made
+is appended at the end of the file. In order to make the text more useful
+to modern readers, I have also produced a revised edition (HTML only). The
+file you are reading is this revised version. Notes from the source text
+that indicate changes adopted in later editions have been incorporated
+directly into the text and apparatus. Further, long vowels are indicated
+with macrons, as is the common practice of most modern editions. Finally,
+the quantity of some words has been altered to the values currently
+accepted as correct. Quantities have not been changed when the difference
+is a matter of editorial interpretation (e.g., gæst vs. gǣst in l. 102,
+etc.) A list of these altered quantities appears at the end of the list of
+corrections. Your browser must support the Unicode character set to use
+this file. To tell if your browser supports the necessary characters, check
+the table of vowel equivalents below. If you see any empty boxes or
+question marks in the "revised" columns, you should use the basic version.
+
+Explanation of the Vowel Accenting
+
+In general, Harrison and Sharp use circumflex accents over vowels to mark
+long vowels. For ash, however, the actual character 'æ' represents the long
+vowel. Short ash is rendered with a-umlaut (ä). The long diphthongs (ēo,
+ēa, etc.) are indicated with an acute accent over the second vowel (eó, eá,
+etc.).
+
+Vowel Equivalents in Different Versions:
+
+Orig. Revised    Orig.    Revised
+ ä       æ         Ô         Ō
+ Ä       Æ         û         ū
+ æ       ǣ         Û         Ū
+ Æ       Ǣ         ý         ȳ
+ â       ā         Ý         Ȳ
+ Â       Ā         eá        ēa
+ ê       ē         Eá        Ēa
+ Ê       Ē         eó        ēo
+ î       ī         Eó        Ēo
+ Î       Ī         ié        īe
+ ô       ō         ió        īo
+
+** End of PG Preface **
+
+I. BĒOWULF:
+
+AN ANGLO-SAXON POEM.
+
+II. THE FIGHT AT FINNSBURH:
+
+A FRAGMENT.
+
+WITH TEXT AND GLOSSARY ON THE
+
+BASIS OF M. HEYNE.
+
+EDITED, CORRECTED, AND ENLARGED, BY
+
+JAMES A. HARRISON, LL.D., LITT. D.,
+
+PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH AND MODERN LANGUAGES,
+WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY,
+
+AND
+
+ROBERT SHARP (PH.D. LIPS.),
+PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND ENGLISH,
+TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA.
+
+FOURTH EDITION. REVISED, WITH NOTES.
+
+GINN & COMPANY
+BOSTON-NEW YORK-CHICAGO-LONDON
+
+Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1883, by
+JAMES ALBERT HARRISON AND ROBERT SHARP
+in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
+
+DEDICATED
+
+TO
+
+PROFESSOR F. A. MARCH,
+OF LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, PA.,
+
+AND
+
+FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, ESQ.
+FOUNDER OF THE "NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIETY,"
+THE "CHAUCER SOCIETY," ETC., ETC.
+
+
+PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
+
+The favor with which the successive editions of "Bēowulf" have been
+received during the past thirteen years emboldens the editors to continue
+the work of revision in a fourth issue, the most noticeable feature of
+which is a considerable body of explanatory Notes, now for the first time
+added. These Notes mainly concern themselves with new textual readings,
+with here and there grammatical, geographical, and archæological points
+that seemed worthy of explanation. Parallelisms and parallel passages are
+constantly compared, with the view of making the poem illustrate and
+explain itself. A few emendations and textual changes are suggested by the
+editors with all possible diffidence; numerous corrections have been made
+in the Glossary and List of Names; and the valuable parts of former
+Appendices have been embodied in the Notes.
+
+For the Notes, the editors are much indebted to the various German
+periodicals mentioned on page 116, to the recent publications of Professors
+Earle and J. L. Hall, to Mr. S. A. Brooke, and to the Heyne-Socin edition
+of "Bēowulf." No change has been made in the system of accentuation, though
+a few errors in quantity have been corrected. The editors are looking
+forward to an eventual fifth edition, in which an entirely new text will be
+presented.
+
+October, 1893.
+
+
+NOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
+
+This third edition of the American issue of Bēowulf will, the editors hope,
+be found more accurate and useful than either of the preceding editions.
+Further corrections in text and glossary have been made, and some
+additional new readings and suggestions will be found in two brief
+appendices at the back of the book. Students of the metrical system of
+Bēowulf will find ample material for their studies in Sievers' exhaustive
+essay on that subject (Beiträge, X. 209-314).
+
+Socin's edition of Heyne's Bēowulf (called the fifth edition) has been
+utilized to some extent in this edition, though it unfortunately came too
+late to be freely used. While it repeats many of the omissions and
+inaccuracies of Heyne's fourth edition, it contains much that is valuable
+to the student, particularly in the notes and commentary. Students of the
+poem, which has been subjected to much searching criticism during the last
+decade, will also derive especial help from the contributions of Sievers
+and Kluge on difficult questions appertaining to it. Wülker's new edition
+(in the Grein Bibliothek) is of the highest value, however one may dissent
+from particular textual views laid down in the 'Berichtigter Text.' Paul
+and Braune's Beiträge contain a varied miscellany of hints, corrections,
+and suggestions principally embodying the views of Kluge, Cosijn, Sievers,
+and Bugge, some of the more important of which are found in the appendices
+to the present and the preceding edition. Holder and Zupitza, Sarrazin and
+Hermann Möller (Kiel, 1883), Heinzel (Anzeiger f.d. Alterthum, X.), Gering
+(Zacher's Zeitschrift, XII.), Brenner (Eng. Studien, IX.), and the
+contributors to Anglia, have assisted materially in the textual and
+metrical interpretation of the poem.
+
+The subject of Anglo-Saxon quantity has been discussed in several able
+essays by Sievers, Sweet, Ten Brink (Anzeiger, f.d. Alterthum, V.), Kluge
+(Beiträge, XI.), and others; but so much is uncertain in this field that
+the editors have left undisturbed the marking of vowels found in the text
+of their original edition, while indicating in the appendices the now
+accepted views of scholars on the quantity of the personal pronouns (mē,
+wē, þū, þē, gē, hē); the adverb nū, etc. Perhaps it would be best to banish
+absolutely all attempts at marking quantities except in cases where the Ms.
+has them marked.
+
+An approximately complete Bibliography of Bēowulf literature will be found
+in Wülker's Grundriss and in Garnett's translation of the poem.
+
+JAMES A. HARRISON,
+
+ROBERT SHARP.
+
+WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY, LEXINGTON, VA., May, 1888.
+
+
+NOTE TO THE SECOND REVISED EDITION.
+
+The editors feel so encouraged at the kind reception accorded their edition
+of Bēowulf (1883), that, in spite of its many shortcomings, they have
+determined to prepare a second revised edition of the book, and thus
+endeavor to extend its sphere of usefulness. About twenty errors had,
+notwithstanding a vigilant proof-reading, crept into the text,-errors in
+single letters, accents, and punctuation. These have been corrected, and it
+is hoped that the text has been rendered generally accurate and
+trustworthy. In the List of Names one or two corrections have been made,
+and in the Glossary numerous mistakes in gender, classification, and
+translation, apparently unavoidable in a first edition, have been
+rectified. Wherever these mistakes concern single letters, or occupy very
+small space, they have been corrected in the plates; where they are longer,
+and the expense of correcting them in the plates would have been very
+great, the editors have thought it best to include them in an Appendix of
+Corrections and Additions, which will be found at the back of the book.
+Students are accordingly referred to this Appendix for important longer
+corrections and additions. It is believed that the value of the book has
+been much enhanced by an Appendix of Recent Readings, based on late
+criticisms and essays from the pens of Sievers, Kluge, Cosijn, Holder,
+Wülker, and Sweet. A perplexed student, in turning to these suggested
+readings, will often find great help in unravelling obscure or corrupt
+passages.
+
+The objectionable ä and æ, for the short and the long diphthong, have been
+retained in the revised edition, owing to the impossibility of removing
+them without entirely recasting the plates.
+
+In conclusion, the editors would acknowledge their great indebtedness to
+the friends and critics whose remarks and criticisms have materially aided
+in the correction of the text,-particularly to Profs. C.P.G. Scott,
+Baskervill, Price, and J.M. Hart; to Prof. J.W. Bright; and to the
+authorities of Cornell University, for the loan of periodicals necessary to
+the completeness of the revision. While the second revised edition still
+contains much that might be improved, the editors cannot but hope that it
+is an advance on its predecessor, and that it will continue its work of
+extending the study of Old English throughout the land.
+
+JUNE, 1885.
+
+
+NOTE I.
+
+The present work, carefully edited from Heyne's fourth edition, (Paderborn,
+1879), is designed primarily for college classes in Anglo-Saxon, rather
+than for independent investigators or for seekers after a restored or ideal
+text. The need of an American edition of "Bēowulf" has long been felt, as,
+hitherto, students have had either to send to Germany for a text, or
+secure, with great trouble, one of the scarce and expensive English
+editions. Heyne's first edition came out in 1863, and was followed in 1867
+and 1873 by a second and a third edition, all three having essentially the
+same text.
+
+So many important contributions to the "Bēowulf" literature were, however,
+made between 1873 and 1879 that Heyne found it necessary to put forth a new
+edition (1879). In this new, last edition, the text was subjected to a
+careful revision, and was fortified by the views, contributions, and
+criticisms of other zealous scholars. In it the collation of the unique
+"Bēowulf" Ms. (Vitellius A. 15: Cottonian Mss. of the British Museum), as
+made by E. Kölbing in Herrig's Archiv (Bd. 56; 1876), was followed wherever
+the present condition of the Ms. had to be discussed; and the researches of
+Bugge, Bieger, and others, on single passages, were made use of. The
+discussion of the metrical structure of the poem, as occurring in the
+second and third editions, was omitted in the fourth, owing to the many
+controversies in which the subject is still involved. The present editor
+has thought it best to do the same, though, happily, the subject of Old
+English Metrik is undergoing a steady illumination through the labors of
+Schipper and others.
+
+Some errors and misplaced accents in Heyne's text have been corrected in
+the present edition, in which, as in the general revision of the text, the
+editor has been most kindly aided by Prof. J.M. Garnett, late Principal of
+St. John's College, Maryland.
+
+In the preparation of the present school edition it has been thought best
+to omit Heyne's notes, as they concern themselves principally with
+conjectural emendations, substitutions of one reading for another, and
+discussions of the condition of the Ms. Until Wülker's text and the
+photographic fac-simile of the original Ms. are in the hands of all
+scholars, it will be better not to introduce such matters in the school
+room, where they would puzzle without instructing.
+
+For convenience of reference, the editor has added a head-line to each
+"fit" of the poem, with a view to facilitate a knowledge of its episodes.
+
+WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY, LEXINGTON, VA., June, 1882.
+
+
+NOTE II.
+
+The editors now have the pleasure of presenting to the public a complete
+text and a tolerably complete glossary of "Bēowulf." The edition is the
+first published in America, and the first of its special kind presented to
+the English public, and it is the initial volume of a "Library of
+Anglo-Saxon Poetry," to be edited under the same auspices and with the
+coöperation of distinguished scholars in this country. Among these scholars
+may be mentioned Professors F.A. March of Lafayette College, T.K. Price of
+Columbia College, and W.M. Baskervill of Vanderbilt University.
+
+In the preparation of the Glossary the editors found it necessary to
+abandon a literal and exact translation of Heyne for several reasons, and
+among others from the fact that Heyne seems to be wrong in the translation
+of some of his illustrative quotations, and even translates the same
+passage in two or three different ways under different headings. The
+orthography of his glossary differs considerably from the orthography of
+his text. He fails to discriminate with due nicety the meanings of many of
+the words in his vocabulary, while criticism more recent than his latest
+edition (1879) has illustrated or overthrown several of his renderings. The
+references were found to be incorrect in innumerable instances, and had to
+be verified in every individual case so far as this was possible, a few
+only, which resisted all efforts at verification, having to be indicated by
+an interrogation point (?). The references are exceedingly numerous, and
+the labor of verifying them was naturally great. To many passages in the
+Glossary, where Heyne's translation could not be trusted with entire
+certainty, the editors have added other translations of phrases and
+sentences or of special words; and in this they have been aided by a
+careful study of the text and a comparison and utilization of the views of
+Kemble and Professor J.M. Garnett (who takes Grein for his foundation).
+Many new references have been added; and the various passages in which
+Heyne fails to indicate whether a given verb is weak or strong, or fails to
+point out the number, etc., of the illustrative form, have been corrected
+and made to harmonize with the general plan of the work. Numerous misprints
+in the glossary have also been corrected, and a brief glossary to the
+Finnsburh-fragment, prepared by Dr. Wm. Hand Browne, and supplemented and
+adapted by the editor-in-chief, has been added.
+
+The editors think that they may without immodesty put forth for themselves
+something more than the claim of being re-translators of a translation: the
+present edition is, so far as they were able to make it so, an adaptation,
+correction, and extension of the work of the great German scholar to whose
+loving appreciation of the Anglo-Saxon epic all students of Old English owe
+a debt of gratitude. While following his usually sure and cautious
+guidance, and in the main appropriating his results, they have thought it
+best to deviate from him in the manner above indicated, whenever it seemed
+that he was wrong. The careful reader will notice at once the marks of
+interrogation which point out these deviations, or which introduce a point
+of view illustrative of, or supplementary to, the one given by the German
+editor. No doubt the editors are wrong themselves in many places,-"Bēowulf"
+is a most difficult poem,-but their view may at least be defended by a
+reference to the original text, which they have faithfully and constantly
+consulted.
+
+A good many cognate Modern English words have been introduced here and
+there in the Glossary with a view to illustration, and other addenda will
+be found between brackets and parenthetical marks.
+
+It is hoped that the present edition of the most famous of Old English
+poems will do something to promote a valuable and interesting study.
+
+JAMES A. HARRISON, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.
+
+ROBERT SHARP, University of Louisiana, New Orleans.
+
+April, 1883.
+
+The responsibility of the editors is as follows: H. is responsible for the
+Text, and for the Glossary from hrīnan on; S. for the List of Names, and
+for the Glossary as far as hrīnan.
+
+
+ARGUMENT.
+
+The only national [Anglo-Saxon] epic which has been preserved entire is
+Bēowulf. Its argument is briefly as follows:-The poem opens with a few
+verses in praise of the Danish Kings, especially Scild, the son of Sceaf.
+His death is related, and his descendants briefly traced down to Hroðgar.
+Hroðgar, elated with his prosperity and success in war, builds a
+magnificent hall, which he calls Heorot. In this hall Hroðgar and his
+retainers live in joy and festivity, until a malignant fiend, called
+Grendel, jealous of their happiness, carries off by night thirty of
+Hroðgar's men, and devours them in his moorland retreat. These ravages go
+on for twelve years. Bēowulf, a thane of Hygelac, King of the Goths,
+hearing of Hroðgar's calamities, sails from Sweden with fourteen
+warriors-to help him. They reach the Danish coast in safety; and, after an
+animated parley with Hroðgar's coastguard, who at first takes them for
+pirates, they are allowed to proceed to the royal hall, where they are well
+received by Hroðgar. A banquet ensues, during which Bēowulf is taunted by
+the envious Hunferhð about his swimming-match with Breca, King of the
+Brondings. Bēowulf gives the true account of the contest, and silences
+Hunferhð. At night-fall the King departs, leaving Bēowulf in charge of the
+hall. Grendel soon breaks in, seizes and devours one of Bēowulf's
+companions; is attacked by Bēowulf, and, after losing an arm, which is torn
+off by Bēowulf, escapes to the fens. The joy of Hroðgar and the Danes, and
+their festivities, are described, various episodes are introduced, and
+Bēowulf and his companions receive splendid gifts. The next night Grendel's
+mother revenges her son by carrying off AEschere, the friend and councillor
+of Hroðgar, during the absence of Bēowulf. Hroðgar appeals to Bēowulf for
+vengeance, and describes the haunts of Grendel and his mother. They all
+proceed thither; the scenery of the lake, and the monsters that dwell in
+it, are described. Bēowulf plunges into the water, and attacks Grendel's
+mother in her dwelling at the bottom of the lake. He at length overcomes
+her, and cuts off her head, together with that of Grendel, and brings the
+heads to Hroðgar. He then takes leave of Hroðgar, sails back to Sweden, and
+relates his adventures to Hygelac. Here the first half of the poem ends.
+The second begins with the accession of Bēowulf to the throne, after the
+fall of Hygelac and his son Heardred. He rules prosperously for fifty
+years, till a dragon, brooding over a hidden treasure, begins to ravage the
+country, and destroys Bēowulf's palace with fire. Bēowulf sets out in quest
+of its hiding-place, with twelve men. Having a presentiment of his
+approaching end, he pauses and recalls to mind his past life and exploits.
+He then takes leave of his followers, one by one, and advances alone to
+attack the dragon. Unable, from the heat, to enter the cavern, he shouts
+aloud, and the dragon comes forth. The dragon's scaly hide is proof against
+Bēowulf's sword, and he is reduced to great straits. Then Wiglaf, one of
+his followers, advances to help him. Wiglaf's shield is consumed by the
+dragon's fiery breath, and he is compelled to seek shelter under Bēowulf's
+shield of iron. Bēowulf's sword snaps asunder, and he is seized by the
+dragon. Wiglaf stabs the dragon from underneath, and Bēowulf cuts it in two
+with his dagger. Feeling that his end is near, he bids Wiglaf bring out the
+treasures from the cavern, that he may see them before he dies. Wiglaf
+enters the dragon's den, which is described, returns to Bēowulf, and
+receives his last commands. Bēowulf dies, and Wiglaf bitterly reproaches
+his companions for their cowardice. The disastrous consequences of
+Bēowulf's death are then foretold, and the poem ends with his funeral.-H.
+Sweet, in Warton's History of English Poetry, Vol. II. (ed. 1871). Cf. also
+Ten Brink's History of English Literature.
+
+
+
+
+BĒOWULF.
+
+I. THE PASSING OF SCYLD.
+
+     Hwæt! wē Gār-Dena      in geār-dagum
+     þēod-cyninga      þrym gefrūnon,
+     hū þā æðelingas      ellen fremedon.
+     Oft Scyld Scēfing      sceaðena þrēatum,
+5    monegum mǣgðum      meodo-setla oftēah.
+     Egsode eorl,      syððan ǣrest wearð
+     fēa-sceaft funden:      hē þæs frōfre gebād,
+     wēox under wolcnum,      weorð-myndum ðāh,
+     oð þæt him ǣghwylc      þāra ymb-sittendra
+10   ofer hron-rāde      hȳran scolde,
+     gomban gyldan:      þæt wæs gōd cyning!
+     þǣm eafera wæs      æfter cenned
+     geong in geardum,      þone god sende
+     folce tō frōfre;      fyren-þearfe ongeat,
+15   þæt hīe ǣr drugon      aldor-lēase
+     lange hwīle.      Him þæs līf-frēa,
+     wuldres wealdend,      worold-āre forgeaf;
+     Bēowulf wæs brēme      (blǣd wīde sprang),
+     Scyldes eafera      Scede-landum in.
+20   Swā sceal geong guma,      gōde gewyrcean,
+     fromum feoh-giftum      on fæder wine,
+     þæt hine on ylde      eft gewunigen
+     wil-gesīðas,      þonne wīg cume,
+     lēode gelǣsten:      lof-dǣdum sceal
+25   in mǣgða gehwǣre      man geþēon.
+     Him þā Scyld gewāt      tō gescæp-hwīle
+     fela-hrōr fēran      on frēan wǣre;
+     hī hyne þā ætbǣron      tō brimes faroðe.
+     swǣse gesīðas,      swā hē selfa bæd,
+30   þenden wordum wēold      wine Scyldinga,
+     lēof land-fruma      lange āhte.
+     Þǣr æt hȳðe stōd      hringed-stefna,
+     īsig and ūtfūs,      æðelinges fær;
+     ā-lēdon þā      lēofne þēoden,
+35   bēaga bryttan      on bearm scipes,
+     mǣrne be mæste.      Þǣr wæs mādma fela,
+     of feor-wegum      frætwa gelǣded:
+     ne hȳrde ic cȳmlīcor      cēol gegyrwan
+     hilde-wǣpnum      and heaðo-wǣdum,
+40   billum and byrnum;      him on bearme læg
+     mādma mænigo,      þā him mid scoldon
+     on flōdes ǣht      feor gewītan.
+     Nalas hī hine lǣssan      lācum tēodan,
+     þēod-gestrēonum,      þonne þā dydon,
+45   þē hine æt frumsceafte      forð onsendon
+     ǣnne ofer ȳðe      umbor wesende:
+     þā gȳt hīe him āsetton      segen gyldenne
+     hēah ofer hēafod,      lēton holm beran,
+     gēafon on gār-secg:      him wæs geōmor sefa,
+50   murnende mōd.      Men ne cunnon
+     secgan tō soðe      sele-rǣdende,
+     hæleð under heofenum,      hwā þǣm hlæste onfēng.
+
+
+II. THE HALL HEOROT.
+
+     Þā wæs on burgum      Bēowulf Scyldinga,
+     lēof lēod-cyning,      longe þrāge
+55   folcum gefrǣge      (fæder ellor hwearf,
+     aldor of earde),      oð þæt him eft onwōc
+     hēah Healfdene;      hēold þenden lifde,
+     gamol and gūð-rēow,      glæde Scyldingas.
+     Þǣm fēower bearn      forð-gerīmed
+60   in worold wōcun,      weoroda rǣswan,
+     Heorogār and Hrōðgār      and Hālga til;
+     hȳrde ic, þat Elan cwēn      Ongenþēowes wæs
+     Heaðoscilfinges      heals-gebedde.
+     Þā wæs Hrōðgāre      here-spēd gyfen,
+65   wīges weorð-mynd,      þæt him his wine-māgas
+     georne hȳrdon,      oð þæt sēo geogoð gewēox,
+     mago-driht micel.      Him on mōd bearn,
+     þæt heal-reced      hātan wolde,
+     medo-ærn micel      men gewyrcean,
+70   þone yldo bearn      ǣfre gefrūnon,
+     and þǣr on innan      eall gedǣlan
+     geongum and ealdum,      swylc him god sealde,
+     būton folc-scare      and feorum gumena.
+     Þā ic wīde gefrægn      weorc gebannan
+75   manigre mǣgðe      geond þisne middan-geard,
+     folc-stede frætwan.      Him on fyrste gelomp
+     ǣdre mid yldum,      þæt hit wearð eal gearo,
+     heal-ærna mǣst;      scōp him Heort naman,
+     sē þe his wordes geweald      wīde hæfde.
+80   Hē bēot ne ālēh,      bēagas dǣlde,
+     sinc æt symle.      Sele hlīfade
+     hēah and horn-gēap:      heaðo-wylma bād,
+     lāðan līges;      ne wæs hit lenge þā gēn
+     þæt se ecg-hete      āðum-swerian
+85   æfter wæl-nīðe      wæcnan scolde.
+     Þā se ellen-gǣst      earfoðlīce
+     þrāge geþolode,      sē þe in þȳstrum bād,
+     þæt hē dōgora gehwām      drēam gehȳrde
+     hlūdne in healle;      þǣr wæs hearpan swēg,
+90   swutol sang scopes.      Sægde sē þe cūðe
+     frum-sceaft fīra      feorran reccan,
+     cwæð þæt se ælmihtiga      eorðan worhte,
+     wlite-beorhtne wang,      swā wæter bebūgeð,
+     gesette sige-hrēðig      sunnan and mōnan
+95   lēoman tō lēohte      land-būendum,
+     and gefrætwade      foldan scēatas
+     leomum and lēafum;      līf ēac gesceōp
+     cynna gehwylcum,      þāra þe cwice hwyrfað.
+     Swā þā driht-guman      drēamum lifdon
+100  ēadiglīce,      oð þæt ān ongan
+     fyrene fremman,      fēond on helle:
+     wæs se grimma gæst      Grendel hāten,
+     mǣre mearc-stapa,      sē þe mōras hēold,
+     fen and fæsten;      fīfel-cynnes eard
+105  won-sǣlig wer      weardode hwīle,
+     siððan him scyppend      forscrifen hæfde.
+     In Caines cynne      þone cwealm gewræc,
+     ēce drihten,      þæs þe hē Ābel slōg;
+     ne gefeah hē þǣre fǣhðe,      ac hē hine feor forwræc,
+110  metod for þȳ māne      man-cynne fram.
+     Þanon untȳdras      ealle onwōcon,
+     eotenas and ylfe      and orcnēas,
+     swylce gīgantas,      þā wið gode wunnon
+     lange þrāge;      hē him þæs lēan forgeald.
+
+
+III. GRENDEL'S VISITS.
+
+115  Gewāt þā nēosian,      syððan niht becōm,
+     hēan hūses,      hū hit Hring-Dene
+     æfter bēor-þege      gebūn hæfdon.
+     Fand þā þǣr inne      æðelinga gedriht
+     swefan æfter symble;      sorge ne cūðon,
+120  won-sceaft wera.      Wiht unhǣlo
+     grim and grǣdig      gearo sōna wæs,
+     rēoc and rēðe,      and on ræste genam
+     þrītig þegna:      þanon eft gewāt
+     hūðe hrēmig      tō hām faran,
+125  mid þǣre wæl-fylle      wīca nēosan.
+     Þā wæs on ūhtan      mid ǣr-dæge
+     Grendles gūð-cræft      gumum undyrne:
+     þā wæs æfter wiste      wōp up āhafen,
+     micel morgen-swēg.      Mǣre þēoden,
+130  æðeling ǣr-gōd,      unblīðe sæt,
+     þolode þrȳð-swȳð,      þegn-sorge drēah,
+     syððan hīe þæs lāðan      lāst scēawedon,
+     wergan gāstes;      wæs þæt gewin tō strang,
+     lāð and longsum.      Næs hit lengra fyrst,
+135  ac ymb āne niht      eft gefremede
+     morð-beala māre      and nō mearn fore
+     fǣhðe and fyrene;      wæs tō fæst on þām.
+     Þā wæs ēað-fynde,      þē him elles hwǣr
+     gerūmlīcor      ræste sōhte,
+140  bed æfter būrum,      þā him gebēacnod wæs,
+     gesægd sōðlīce      sweotolan tācne
+     heal-þegnes hete;      hēold hine syððan
+     fyr and fæstor,      sē þǣm fēonde ætwand.
+     Swā rīxode      and wið rihte wan
+145  āna wið eallum,      oð þæt īdel stōd
+     hūsa sēlest.      Wæs sēo hwīl micel:
+     twelf wintra tīd      torn geþolode
+     wine Scyldinga,      wēana gehwelcne,
+     sīdra sorga;      forþām syððan wearð
+150  ylda bearnum      undyrne cūð,
+     gyddum geōmore,      þætte Grendel wan,
+     hwīle wið Hrōðgār;--      hete-nīðas wæg,
+     fyrene and fǣhðe      fela missēra,
+     singāle sæce,      sibbe ne wolde
+155  wið manna hwone      mægenes Deniga
+     feorh-bealo feorran,      fēo þingian,
+     nē þǣr nǣnig witena      wēnan þorfte
+     beorhtre bōte      tō banan folmum;
+     atol ǣglǣca      ēhtende wæs,
+160  deorc dēað-scūa      duguðe and geogoðe
+     seomade and syrede.      Sin-nihte hēold
+     mistige mōras;      men ne cunnon,
+     hwyder hel-rūnan      hwyrftum scrīðað.
+     Swā fela fyrena      fēond man-cynnes,
+165  atol ān-gengea,      oft gefremede
+     heardra hȳnða;      Heorot eardode,
+     sinc-fāge sel      sweartum nihtum
+     (nō hē þone gif-stōl      grētan mōste,
+     māððum for metode,      nē his myne wisse);
+170  þæt wæs wrǣc micel      wine Scyldinga,
+     mōdes brecða.      Monig-oft gesæt
+     rīce tō rūne;      rǣd eahtedon,
+     hwæt swīð-ferhðum      sēlest wǣre
+     wið fǣr-gryrum      tō gefremmanne.
+175  Hwīlum hīe gehēton      æt hærg-trafum
+     wīg-weorðunga,      wordum bǣdon,
+     þæt him gāst-bona      gēoce gefremede
+     wið þēod-þrēaum.      Swylc wæs þēaw hyra,
+     hǣðenra hyht;      helle gemundon
+180  in mōd-sefan,      metod hīe ne cūðon,
+     dǣda dēmend,      ne wiston hīe drihten god,
+     nē hīe hūru heofena helm      herian ne cūðon,
+     wuldres waldend.      Wā bið þǣm þe sceal
+     þurh slīðne nīð      sāwle bescūfan
+185  in fȳres fæðm,      frōfre ne wēnan,
+     wihte gewendan;      wēl bið þǣm þe mōt
+     æfter dēað-dæge      drihten sēcean
+     and tō fæder fæðmum      freoðo wilnian.
+
+
+IV. HYGELAC'S THANE.
+
+     Swā þā mǣl-ceare      maga Healfdenes
+190  singāla sēað;      ne mihte snotor hæleð
+     wēan onwendan:      wæs þæt gewin tō swȳð,
+     lāð and longsum,      þē on þā lēode becōm,
+     nȳd-wracu nīð-grim,      niht-bealwa mǣst.
+     Þæt fram hām gefrægn      Higelāces þegn,
+195  gōd mid Gēatum,      Grendles dǣda:
+     sē wæs mon-cynnes      mægenes strengest
+     on þǣm dæge      þysses līfes,
+     æðele and ēacen.      Hēt him ȳð-lidan
+     gōdne gegyrwan;      cwæð hē gūð-cyning
+200  ofer swan-rāde      sēcean wolde,
+     mǣrne þēoden,      þā him wæs manna þearf.
+     Þone sīð-fæt him      snotere ceorlas
+     lȳt-hwōn lōgon,      þēah hē him lēof wǣre;
+     hwetton higerōfne,      hǣl scēawedon.
+205  Hæfde se gōda      Gēata lēoda
+     cempan gecorone,      þāra þe hē cēnoste
+     findan mihte;      fīftȳna sum
+     sund-wudu sōhte;      secg wīsade,
+     lagu-cræftig mon,      land-gemyrcu.
+210  Fyrst forð gewāt:      flota wæs on ȳðum,
+     bāt under beorge.      Beornas gearwe
+     on stefn stigon;      strēamas wundon
+     sund wið sande;      secgas bǣron
+     on bearm nacan      beorhte frætwe,
+215  gūð-searo geatolīc;      guman ūt scufon,
+     weras on wil-sīð      wudu bundenne.
+     Gewāt þā ofer wǣg-holm      winde gefȳsed
+     flota fāmig-heals      fugle gelīcost,
+     oð þæt ymb ān-tīd      ōðres dōgores
+220  wunden-stefna      gewaden hæfde,
+     þæt þā līðende      land gesāwon,
+     brim-clifu blīcan,      beorgas stēape,
+     sīde sǣ-næssas:      þā wæs sund liden,
+     eoletes æt ende.      Þanon up hraðe
+225  Wedera lēode      on wang stigon,
+     sǣ-wudu sǣldon      (syrcan hrysedon,
+     gūð-gewǣdo);      gode þancedon,
+     þæs þe him ȳð-lāde      ēaðe wurdon.
+     Þā of wealle geseah      weard Scildinga,
+230  sē þe holm-clifu      healdan scolde,
+     beran ofer bolcan      beorhte randas,
+     fyrd-searu fūslīcu;      hine fyrwyt bræc
+     mōd-gehygdum,      hwæt þā men wǣron.
+     Gewāt him þā tō waroðe      wicge rīdan
+235  þegn Hrōðgāres,      þrymmum cwehte
+     mægen-wudu mundum,      meðel-wordum frægn:
+     "Hwæt syndon gē      searo-hæbbendra
+     "byrnum werede,      þē þus brontne cēol
+     "ofer lagu-strǣte      lǣdan cwōmon,
+240  "hider ofer holmas      helmas bǣron?
+     "Ic wæs ende-sǣta,      ǣg-wearde hēold,
+     "þæt on land Dena      lāðra nǣnig
+     "mid scip-herge      sceððan ne meahte.
+     "Nō hēr cūðlīcor      cuman ongunnon
+245  "lind-hæbbende;      nē gē lēafnes-word
+     "gūð-fremmendra      gearwe ne wisson,
+     "māga gemēdu.      Nǣfre ic māran geseah
+     "eorla ofer eorðan,      þonne is ēower sum,
+     "secg on searwum;      nis þæt seld-guma
+250  "wǣpnum geweorðad,      næfne him his wlite lēoge,
+     "ǣnlīc an-sȳn.      Nū ic ēower sceal
+     "frum-cyn witan,      ǣr gē fyr heonan
+     "lēase scēaweras      on land Dena
+     "furður fēran.      Nū gē feor-būend,
+255  "mere-līðende,      mīnne gehȳrað
+     "ān-fealdne geþōht:      ofost is sēlest
+     "tō gecȳðanne,      hwanan ēowre cyme syndon."
+
+
+V. THE ERRAND.
+
+     Him se yldesta      andswarode,
+     werodes wīsa,      word-hord onlēac:
+260  "Wē synt gum-cynnes      Gēata lēode
+     "and Higelāces      heorð-genēatas.
+     "Wæs mīn fæder      folcum gecȳðed,
+     "æðele ord-fruma      Ecgþēow hāten;
+     "gebād wintra worn,      ǣr hē on weg hwurfe,
+265  "gamol of geardum;      hine gearwe geman
+     "witena wēl-hwylc      wīde geond eorðan.-
+     "Wē þurh holdne hige      hlāford þinne,
+     "sunu Healfdenes,      sēcean cwōmon,
+     "lēod-gebyrgean:      wes þū ūs lārena gōd!
+270  "Habbað wē tō þǣm mǣran      micel ǣrende
+     "Deniga frēan;      ne sceal þǣr dyrne sum
+     "wesan, þæs ic wēne.      Þū wāst, gif hit is,
+     "swā wē sōðlice      secgan hȳrdon,
+     "þæt mid Scyldingum      sceaða ic nāt hwylc,
+275  "dēogol dǣd-hata,      deorcum nihtum
+     "ēaweð þurh egsan      uncūðne nīð,
+     "hȳnðu and hrā-fyl.      Ic þæs Hrōðgār mæg
+     "þurh rūmne sefan      rǣd gelǣran,
+     "hū hē frōd and gōd      fēond oferswȳðeð,
+280  "gyf him ed-wendan      ǣfre scolde
+     "bealuwa bisigu,      bōt eft cuman
+     "and þā cear-wylmas      cōlran wurðað;
+     "oððe ā syððan      earfoð-þrāge,
+     "þrēa-nȳd þolað,      þenden þǣr wunað
+285  "on hēah-stede      hūsa sēlest."
+     Weard maðelode,      þǣr on wicge sæt
+     ombeht unforht:      "Ǣghwæðres sceal
+     "scearp scyld-wiga      gescād witan,
+     "worda and worca,      sē þe wēl þenceð.
+290  "Ic þæt gehȳre,      þæt þis is hold weorod
+     "frēan Scyldinga.      Gewītað forð beran
+     "wǣpen and gewǣdu,      ic ēow wīsige:
+     "swylce ic magu-þegnas      mīne hāte
+     "wið fēonda gehwone      flotan ēowerne,
+295  "nīw-tyrwedne      nacan on sande
+     "ārum healdan,      oð þæt eft byreð
+     "ofer lagu-strēamas      lēofne mannan
+     "wudu wunden-hals      tō Weder-mearce.
+     "Gūð-fremmendra      swylcum gifeðe bið,
+300  "þæt þone hilde-rǣs      hāl gedīgeð."
+     Gewiton him þā fēran      (flota stille bād,
+     seomode on sāle      sīd-fæðmed scyp,
+     on ancre fæst);      eofor-līc scionon
+     ofer hlēor-beran      gehroden golde
+305  fāh and fȳr-heard,      ferh wearde hēold.
+     Gūðmōde grummon,      guman ōnetton,
+     sigon ætsomne,      oð þæt hȳ sæl timbred
+     geatolīc and gold-fāh      ongytan mihton;
+     þæt wæs fore-mǣrost      fold-būendum
+310  receda under roderum,      on þǣm se rīca bād;
+     līxte se lēoma      ofer landa fela.
+     Him þā hilde-dēor      hof mōdigra
+     torht getǣhte,      þæt hīe him tō mihton
+     gegnum gangan;      gūð-beorna sum
+315  wicg gewende,      word æfter cwæð:
+     "Mǣl is mē tō fēran;      fæder alwalda
+     "mid ār-stafum      ēowic gehealde
+     "sīða gesunde!      ic tō sǣ wille,
+     "wið wrāð werod      wearde healdan."
+
+
+VI. BĒOWULF'S SPEECH.
+
+320  Strǣt wæs stān-fāh,      stīg wīsode
+     gumum ætgædere.      Gūð-byrne scān
+     heard hond-locen,      hring-īren scīr
+     song in searwum,      þā hīe tō sele furðum
+     in hyra gryre-geatwum      gangan cwōmon.
+325  Setton sǣ-mēðe      sīde scyldas,
+     rondas regn-hearde      wið þæs recedes weal,
+     bugon þā tō bence;      byrnan hringdon,
+     gūð-searo gumena;      gāras stōdon,
+     sǣ-manna searo,      samod ætgædere,
+330  æsc-holt ufan grǣg:      wæs se īren-þrēat
+     wǣpnum gewurðad.      Þā þǣr wlonc hæleð
+     ōret-mecgas      æfter æðelum frægn:
+     "Hwanon ferigeað gē      fǣtte scyldas,
+     "grǣge syrcan      and grīm-helmas,
+335  "here-sceafta hēap?--      Ic eom Hrōðgāres
+     "ār and ombiht.      Ne seah ic el-þēodige
+     "þus manige men      mōdiglīcran.
+     "Wēn' ic þæt gē for wlenco,      nalles for wræc-sīðum,
+     "ac for hige-þrymmum      Hrōðgār sōhton."
+340  Him þā ellen-rōf      andswarode,
+     wlanc Wedera lēod      word æfter spræc,
+     heard under helme:      "Wē synt Higelāces
+     "bēod-genēatas;      Bēowulf is mīn nama.
+     "Wille ic āsecgan      suna Healfdenes,
+345  "mǣrum þēodne      mīn ǣrende,
+     "aldre þīnum,      gif hē ūs geunnan wile,
+     "þæt wē hine swā gōdne      grētan mōton."
+     Wulfgār maðelode      (þæt wæs Wendla lēod,
+     wæs his mōd-sefa      manegum gecȳðed,
+350  wīg and wīs-dōm):      "ic þæs wine Deniga,
+     "frēan Scildinga      frīnan wille,
+     "bēaga bryttan,      swā þū bēna eart,
+     "þēoden mǣrne      ymb þīnne sīð ;
+     "and þē þā andsware      ǣdre gecȳðan,
+355  "þē mē se gōda      āgifan þenceð."
+     Hwearf þā hrædlīce,      þǣr Hrōðgār sæt,
+     eald and unhār      mid his eorla gedriht;
+     ēode ellen-rōf,      þæt hē for eaxlum gestōd
+     Deniga frēan,      cūðe hē duguðe þēaw.
+360  Wulfgār maðelode      tō his wine-drihtne:
+     "Hēr syndon geferede      feorran cumene
+     "ofer geofenes begang      Gēata lēode:
+     "þone yldestan      ōret-mecgas
+     "Bēowulf nemnað.      Hȳ bēnan synt,
+365  "þæt hīe, þēoden mīn,      wið þē mōton
+     "wordum wrixlan;      nō þū him wearne getēoh,
+     "þīnra gegn-cwida      glædnian, Hrōðgār!
+     "Hȳ on wīg-geatwum      wyrðe þinceað
+     "eorla geæhtlan;      hūru se aldor dēah,
+370  "sē þǣm heaðo-rincum      hider wīsade."
+
+
+VII. HROTHGAR'S WELCOME.
+
+     Hrōðgār maðelode,      helm Scyldinga:
+     "Ic hine cūðe      cniht-wesende.
+     "Wæs his eald-fæder      Ecgþēo hāten,
+     "þǣm tō hām forgeaf      Hrēðel Gēata
+375  "āngan dōhtor;      is his eafora nū
+     "heard hēr cumen,      sōhte holdne wine.
+     "þonne sægdon þæt      sǣ-līðende,
+     "þā þe gif-sceattas      Gēata fyredon
+     "þyder tō þance,      þæt hē þrīttiges
+380  "manna mægen-cræft      on his mund-grīpe
+     "heaðo-rōf hæbbe.      Hine hālig god
+     "for ār-stafum      us onsende,
+     "tō West-Denum,      þæs ic wēn hæbbe,
+     "wið Grendles gryre:      ic þǣm gōdan sceal
+385  "for his mōd-þræce      mādmas bēodan.
+     "Bēo þū on ofeste,      hāt hig in gān,
+     "sēon sibbe-gedriht      samod ætgædere;
+     "gesaga him ēac wordum,      þæt hīe sint wil-cuman
+     "Deniga lēodum."      Þā wið duru healle
+390  Wulfgār ēode,      word inne ābēad:
+     "Ēow hēt secgan      sige-drihten mīn,
+     "aldor Ēast-Dena,      þæt hē ēower æðelu can
+     "and gē him syndon      ofer sǣ-wylmas,
+     "heard-hicgende,      hider wil-cuman.
+395  "Nū gē mōton gangan      in ēowrum guð-geatawum,
+     "under here-grīman,      Hrōðgār gesēon;
+     "lǣtað hilde-bord      hēr onbidian,
+     "wudu wæl-sceaftas,      worda geþinges."
+     Ārās þā se rīca,      ymb hine rinc manig,
+400  þrȳðlīc þegna hēap;      sume þǣr bidon,
+     heaðo-rēaf hēoldon,      swā him se hearda bebēad.
+     Snyredon ætsomne,      þā secg wīsode
+     under Heorotes hrōf;      hyge-rōf ēode,
+     heard under helme,      þæt hē on heoðe gestōd.
+405  Bēowulf maðelode      (on him byrne scān,
+     searo-net sēowed      smiðes or-þancum):
+     "Wes þū Hrōðgār hāl!      ic eom Higelāces
+     "mǣg and mago-þegn;      hæbbe ic mǣrða fela
+     "ongunnen on geogoðe.      Mē wearð Grendles þing
+410  "on mīnre ēðel-tyrf      undyrne cūð:
+     "secgað sǣ-līðend,      þæt þes sele stande,
+     "reced sēlesta,      rinca gehwylcum
+     "īdel and unnyt,      siððan ǣfen-lēoht
+     "under heofenes hādor      beholen weorðeð.
+415  "Þā mē þæt gelǣrdon      lēode mīne,
+     "þā sēlestan,      snotere ceorlas,
+     "þēoden Hrōðgār,      þæt ic þē sōhte;
+     "forþan hīe mægenes cræft      mīnne cūðon:
+     "selfe ofersāwon,      þā ic of searwum cwōm,
+420  "fāh from fēondum,      þǣr ic fīfe geband,
+     "ȳðde eotena cyn,      and on ȳðum slōg
+     "niceras nihtes,      nearo-þearfe drēah,
+     "wræc Wedera nīð      (wēan āhsodon)
+     "forgrand gramum;      and nū wið Grendel sceal,
+425  "wið þām āglǣcan,      āna gehegan
+     "þing wið þyrse.      Ic þē nū þā,
+     "brego Beorht-Dena,      biddan wille,
+     "eodor Scyldinga,      ānre bēne;
+     "þæt þū mē ne forwyrne,      wīgendra hlēo,
+430  "frēo-wine folca,      nū ic þus feorran cōm,
+     "þæt ic mōte āna      and mīnra eorla gedryht,
+     "þes hearda hēap,      Heorot fǣlsian.
+     "Hæbbe ic ēac geāhsod,      þæt se ǣglǣca
+     "for his won-hȳdum      wǣpna ne rēceð;
+435  "ic þæt þonne forhicge,      swā mē Higelāc sīe,
+     "mīn mon-drihten,      mōdes blīðe,
+     "þæt ic sweord bere      oððe sīdne scyld
+     "geolo-rand tō gūðe;      ac ic mid grāpe sceal
+     "fōn wið fēonde      and ymb feorh sacan,
+440  "lāð wið lāðum;      þǣr gelȳfan sceal
+     "dryhtnes dōme      sē þe hine dēað nimeð.
+     "Wēn' ic þæt hē wille,      gif hē wealdan mōt,
+     "in þǣm gūð-sele      Gēatena lēode
+     "etan unforhte,      swā hē oft dyde
+445  "mægen Hrēðmanna.      Nā þū mīnne þearft
+     "hafalan hȳdan,      ac hē mē habban wile
+     "drēore fāhne,      gif mec dēað nimeð;
+     "byreð blōdig wæl,      byrgean þenceð,
+     "eteð ān-genga      unmurnlīce,
+450  "mearcað mōr-hopu:      nō þū ymb mīnes ne þearft
+     "līces feorme      leng sorgian.
+     "Onsend Higelāce,      gif mec hild nime,
+     "beadu-scrūda betst,      þæt mīne brēost wereð,
+     "hrægla sēlest;      þæt is Hrēðlan lāf,
+455  "Wēlandes geweorc.      Gǣð ā Wyrd swā hīo scel!"
+
+
+VIII. HROTHGAR TELLS OF GRENDEL.
+
+     Hrōðgār maðelode,      helm Scyldinga:
+     "for were-fyhtum þū,      wine mīn Bēowulf,
+     "and for ār-stafum      ūsic sōhtest.
+     "Geslōh þin fæder      fǣhðe mǣste,
+460  "wearð hē Heaðolāfe      tō hand-bonan
+     "mid Wilfingum;      þā hine Wedera cyn
+     "for here-brōgan      habban ne mihte.
+     "Þanon hē gesōhte      Sūð-Dena folc
+     "ofer ȳða gewealc,      Ār-Scyldinga;
+465  "þā ic furðum wēold      folce Deninga,
+     "and on geogoðe hēold      gimme-rīce
+     "hord-burh hæleða:      þā wæs Heregār dēad,
+     "mīn yldra mǣg      unlifigende,
+     "bearn Healfdenes.      Sē wæs betera þonne ic!
+470  "Siððan þā fǣhðe      fēo þingode;
+     "sende ic Wylfingum      ofer wæteres hrycg
+     "ealde mādmas:      hē mē āðas swōr.
+     "Sorh is mē tō secganne      on sefan mīnum
+     "gumena ǣngum,      hwæt mē Grendel hafað
+475  "hȳnðo on Heorote      mid his hete-þancum,
+     "fǣr-nīða gefremed.      Is mīn flet-werod,
+     "wīg-hēap gewanod;      hīe Wyrd forswēop
+     "on Grendles gryre.      God ēaðe mæg
+     "þone dol-scaðan      dǣda getwǣfan!
+480  "Ful oft gebēotedon      bēore druncne
+     "ofer ealo-wǣge      ōret-mecgas,
+     "þæt hīe in bēor-sele      bīdan woldon
+     "Grendles gūðe      mid gryrum ecga.
+     "Þonne wæs þēos medo-heal      on morgen-tīd,
+485  "driht-sele drēor-fāh,      þonne dæg līxte,
+     "eal benc-þelu      blōde bestȳmed,
+     "heall heoru-drēore:      āhte ic holdra þȳ lǣs,
+     "dēorre duguðe,      þē þā dēað fornam.
+     "Site nū tō symle      and onsǣl meoto,
+490  "sige-hrēð secgum,      swā þīn sefa hwette!"
+     Þā wæs Gēat-mæcgum      geador ætsomne
+     on bēor-sele      benc gerȳmed;
+     þǣr swīð-ferhðe      sittan ēodon
+     þrȳðum dealle.      Þegn nytte behēold,
+495  sē þe on handa bær      hroden ealo-wǣge,
+     scencte scīr wered.      Scop hwīlum sang
+     hādor on Heorote;      þǣr wæs hæleða drēam,
+     duguð unlȳtel      Dena and Wedera.
+
+
+IX. HUNFERTH OBJECTS TO BĒOWULF.
+
+     Unferð maðelode,      Ecglāfes bearn,
+500  þē æt fōtum sæt      frēan Scyldinga;
+     onband beadu-rūne      (wæs him Bēowulfes sīð,
+     mōdges mere-faran,      micel æf-þunca,
+     forþon þe hē ne ūðe,      þæt ǣnig ōðer man
+     ǣfre mǣrða þon mā      middan-geardes
+505  gehēdde under heofenum      þonne hē sylfa):
+     "Eart þū sē Bēowulf,      sē þe wið Brecan wunne,
+     "on sīdne sǣ      ymb sund flite,
+     "þǣr git for wlence      wada cunnedon
+     "and for dol-gilpe      on dēop wæter
+510  "aldrum nēðdon?      Nē inc ǣnig mon,
+     "nē lēof nē lāð,      belēan mihte
+     "sorh-fullne sīð;      þā git on sund rēon,
+     "þǣr git ēagor-strēam      earmum þehton,
+     "mǣton mere-strǣta,      mundum brugdon,
+515  "glidon ofer gār-secg;      geofon ȳðum wēol,
+     "wintres wylme.      Git on wæteres ǣht
+     "seofon niht swuncon;      hē þē æt sunde oferflāt,
+     "hæfde māre mægen.      Þā hine on morgen-tīd
+     "on Heaðo-rǣmas      holm up ætbær,
+520  "þonon hē gesōhte      swǣsne ēðel
+     "lēof his lēodum      lond Brondinga,
+     "freoðo-burh fægere,      þǣr hē folc āhte,
+     "burg and bēagas.      Bēot eal wið þē
+     "sunu Bēanstānes      sōðe gelǣste.
+525  "Þonne wēne ic tō þē      wyrsan geþinges,
+     "þēah þū heaðo-rǣsa      gehwǣr dohte,
+     "grimre gūðe,      gif þū Grendles dearst
+     "niht-longne fyrst      nēan bīdan!"
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+530  "Hwæt! þū worn fela,      wine mīn Unferð,
+     "bēore druncen      ymb Brecan sprǣce,
+     "sægdest from his sīðe!      Sōð ic talige,
+     "þæt ic mere-strengo      māran āhte,
+     "earfeðo on ȳðum,      þonne ǣnig ōðer man.
+535  "Wit þæt gecwǣdon      cniht-wesende
+     "and gebēotedon      (wǣron bēgen þā gīt
+     "on geogoð-feore)      þæt wit on gār-secg ūt
+     "aldrum nēðdon;      and þæt geæfndon swā.
+     "Hæfdon swurd nacod,      þā wit on sund rēon,
+540  "heard on handa,      wit unc wið hron-fixas
+     "werian þōhton.      Nō hē wiht fram mē
+     "flōd-ȳðum feor      flēotan meahte,
+     "hraðor on holme,      nō ic fram him wolde.
+     "Þā wit ætsomne      on sǣ wǣron
+545  "fīf nihta fyrst,      oð þæt unc flōd tōdrāf,
+     "wado weallende,      wedera cealdost,
+     "nīpende niht      and norðan wind
+     "heaðo-grim andhwearf;      hrēo wǣron ȳða,
+     "Wæs mere-fixa      mōd onhrēred:
+550  "þǣr mē wið lāðum      līc-syrce mīn,
+     "heard hond-locen,      helpe gefremede;
+     "beado-hrægl brōden      on brēostum læg,
+     "golde gegyrwed.      Mē tō grunde tēah
+     "fāh fēond-scaða,      fæste hæfde
+555  "grim on grāpe:      hwæðre mē gyfeðe wearð,
+     "þæt ic āglǣcan      orde gerǣhte,
+     "hilde-bille;      heaðo-rǣs fornam
+     "mihtig mere-dēor      þurh mīne hand.
+
+
+X. BĒOWULF'S CONTEST WITH BRECA.-THE FEAST.
+
+     "Swā mec gelōme      lāð-getēonan
+560  "þrēatedon þearle.      Ic him þēnode
+     "dēoran sweorde,      swā hit gedēfe wæs;
+     "næs hīe þǣre fylle      gefēan hæfdon,
+     "mān-fordǣdlan,      þæt hīe mē þēgon,
+     "symbel ymb-sǣton      sǣ-grunde nēah,
+565  "ac on mergenne      mēcum wunde
+     "be ȳð-lāfe      uppe lǣgon,
+     "sweordum āswefede,      þæt syððan nā
+     "ymb brontne ford      brim-līðende
+     "lāde ne letton.      Lēoht ēastan cōm,
+570  "beorht bēacen godes;      brimu swaðredon,
+     "þæt ic sǣ-næssas      gesēon mihte,
+     "windige weallas.      Wyrd oft nereð
+     "unfǣgne eorl,      ðonne his ellen dēah!
+     "Hwæðere mē gesǣlde,      þæt ic mid sweorde ofslōh
+575  "niceras nigene.      Nō ic on niht gefrægn
+     "under heofones hwealf      heardran feohtan,
+     "nē on ēg-strēamum      earmran mannan;
+     "hwæðere ic fāra feng      fēore gedīgde,
+     "siðes wērig.      Þā mec sǣ oðbær,
+580  "flōd æfter faroðe,      on Finna land,
+     "wadu weallendu.      Nō ic wiht fram þē
+     "swylcra searo-nīða      secgan hȳrde,
+     "billa brōgan:      Breca nǣfre gīt
+     "æt heaðo-lāce,      nē gehwæðer incer
+585  "swā dēorlīce      dǣd gefremede
+     "fāgum sweordum      . . . . . . .
+     ". . . . . . .      nō ic þæs gylpe;
+     "þēah þū þīnum brōðrum      tō banan wurde,
+     "hēafod-mǣgum;      þæs þū in helle scealt
+590  "werhðo drēogan,      þēah þīn wit duge,
+     "Secge ic þē tō sōðe,      sunu Ecglāfes,
+     "þæt nǣfre Grendel swā fela      gryra gefremede,
+     "atol ǣglǣca      ealdre þīnum,
+     "hȳnðo on Heorote,      gif þīn hige wǣre,
+595  "sefa swā searo-grim,      swā þū self talast.
+     "Ac hē hafað onfunden,      þæt hē þā fǣhðe ne þearf,
+     "atole ecg-þræce      ēower lēode
+     "swīðe onsittan,      Sige-Scyldinga;
+     "nymeð nȳd-bāde,      nǣnegum ārað
+600  "lēode Deniga,      ac hē on lust wīgeð,
+     "swefeð ond sendeð,      secce ne wēneð
+     "tō Gār-Denum.      Ac him Gēata sceal
+     "eafoð and ellen      ungeāra nū
+     "gūðe gebēodan.      Gǣð eft sē þe mōt
+605  "tō medo mōdig,      siððan morgen-lēoht
+     "ofer ylda bearn      ōðres dōgores,
+     "sunne swegl-wered      sūðan scīneð!"
+     Þā wæs on sālum      sinces brytta
+     gamol-feax and gūð-rōf,      gēoce gelȳfde
+610  brego Beorht-Dena;      gehȳrde on Bēowulfe
+     folces hyrde      fæst-rǣdne geþōht.
+     Þǣr wæs hæleða hleahtor;      hlyn swynsode,
+     word wǣron wynsume.      Ēode Wealhþēow forð,
+     cwēn Hrōðgāres,      cynna gemyndig,
+615  grētte gold-hroden      guman on healle,
+     and þā frēolīc wīf      ful gesealde
+     ǣrest Ēast-Dena      ēðel-wearde,
+     bæd hine blīðne      æt þǣre bēor-þege,
+     lēodum lēofne;      hē on lust geþeah
+620  symbel and sele-ful,      sige-rōf kyning.
+     Ymb-ēode þā      ides Helminga
+     duguðe and geogoðe      dǣl ǣghwylcne;
+     sinc-fato sealde,      oð þæt sǣl ālamp,
+     þæt hīo Bēowulfe,      bēag-hroden cwēn,
+625  mōde geþungen,      medo-ful ætbær;
+     grētte Gēata lēod,      gode þancode
+     wīs-fæst wordum,      þæs þe hire se willa gelamp,
+     þæt hēo on ǣnigne      eorl gelȳfde
+     fyrena frōfre.      Hē þæt ful geþeah,
+630  wæl-rēow wiga      æt Wealhþēon,
+     and þā gyddode      gūðe gefȳsed,
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+     "Ic þæt hogode,      þā ic on holm gestāh,
+     "sǣ-bāt gesæt      mid mīnra secga gedriht,
+635  "þæt ic ānunga      ēowra lēoda
+     "willan geworhte,      oððe on wæl crunge,
+     "fēond-grāpum fæst.      Ic gefremman sceal
+     "eorlīc ellen,      oððe ende-dæg
+     "on þisse meodu-healle      mīnne gebīdan."
+640  Þām wīfe þā word      wēl līcodon,
+     gilp-cwide Gēates;      ēode gold-hroden
+     frēolīcu folc-cwēn      tō hire frēan sittan.
+     Þā wæs eft swā ǣr      inne on healle
+     þrȳð-word sprecen,      þēod on sǣlum,
+645  sige-folca swēg,      oð þæt semninga
+     sunu Healfdenes      sēcean wolde
+     ǣfen-ræste;      wiste æt þǣm āhlǣcan
+     tō þǣm hēah-sele      hilde geþinged,
+     siððan hīe sunnan lēoht      gesēon ne meahton,
+650  oððe nīpende      niht ofer ealle,
+     scadu-helma gesceapu      scrīðan cwōman,
+     wan under wolcnum.      Werod eall ārās.
+     Grētte þā giddum      guma ōðerne,
+     Hrōðgār Bēowulf,      and him hǣl ābēad,
+655  wīn-ærnes geweald      and þæt word ācwæð:
+     "Nǣfre ic ǣnegum men      ǣr ālȳfde,
+     "siððan ic hond and rond      hebban mihte,
+     "þrȳð-ærn Dena      būton þē nū þā.
+     "Hafa nū and geheald      hūsa sēlest;
+660  "gemyne mǣrðo,      mægen-ellen cȳð,
+     "waca wið wrāðum!      Ne bið þē wilna gād,
+     "gif þū þæt ellen-weorc      aldre gedīgest."
+
+
+XI. THE WATCH FOR GRENDEL.
+
+     Þā him Hrōðgār gewāt      mid his hæleða gedryht,
+     eodur Scyldinga      ūt of healle;
+665  wolde wīg-fruma      Wealhþēo sēcan,
+     cwēn tō gebeddan      Hæfde kyninga wuldor
+     Grendle tō-gēanes,      swā guman gefrungon,
+     sele-weard āseted,      sundor-nytte behēold
+     ymb aldor Dena,      eoton weard ābēad;
+670  hūru Gēata lēod      georne truwode
+     mōdgan mægnes,      metodes hyldo.
+     Þā hē him of dyde      īsern-byrnan,
+     helm of hafelan,      sealde his hyrsted sweord,
+     īrena cyst      ombiht-þegne,
+675  and gehealdan hēt      hilde-geatwe.
+     Gespræc þā se gōda      gylp-worda sum
+     Bēowulf Gēata,      ǣr hē on bed stige:
+     "Nō ic mē an here-wǣsmum      hnāgran talige
+     "gūð-geweorca,      þonne Grendel hine;
+680  "forþan ic hine sweorde      swebban nelle,
+     "aldre benēotan,      þēah ic eal mǣge.
+     "Nāt hē þāra gōda,      þæt hē mē on-gēan slēa,
+     "rand gehēawe,      þēah þe hē rōf sīe
+     "nīð-geweorca;      ac wit on niht sculon
+685  "secge ofersittan,      gif hē gesēcean dear
+     "wīg ofer wǣpen,      and siððan wītig god
+     "on swā hwæðere hond      hālig dryhten
+     "mǣrðo dēme,      swā him gemet þince."
+     Hylde hine þā heaðo-dēor,      hlēor-bolster onfēng
+690  eorles andwlitan;      and hine ymb monig
+     snellīc sǣ-rinc      sele-reste gebēah.
+     Nǣnig heora þōhte      þæt hē þanon scolde
+     eft eard-lufan      ǣfre gesēcean,
+     folc oððe frēo-burh,      þǣr hē āfēded wæs,
+695  ac hīe hæfdon gefrūnen,      þæt hīe ǣr tō fela micles
+     in þǣm wīn-sele      wæl-dēað fornam,
+     Denigea lēode.      Ac him dryhten forgeaf
+     wīg-spēda gewiofu,      Wedera lēodum
+     frōfor and fultum,      þæt hīe fēond heora
+700  þurh ānes cræft      ealle ofercōmon,
+     selfes mihtum:      sōð is gecȳðed,
+     þæt mihtig god      manna cynnes
+     wēold wīde-ferhð.      Cōm on wanre niht
+     scrīðan sceadu-genga.      Scēotend swǣfon,
+705  þā þæt horn-reced      healdan scoldon,
+     ealle būton ānum.      Þæt wæs yldum cūð,
+     þæt hīe ne mōste,      þā metod nolde,
+     se syn-scaða      under sceadu bregdan;
+     ac hē wæccende      wrāðum on andan
+710  bād bolgen-mōd      beadwa geþinges.
+
+
+XII. GRENDEL'S RAID.
+
+     Þā cōm of mōre      under mist-hleoðum
+     Grendel gongan,      godes yrre bær.
+     Mynte se mān-scaða      manna cynnes
+     sumne besyrwan      in sele þām hēan;
+715  wōd under wolcnum,      tō þæs þe hē wīn-reced,
+     gold-sele gumena,      gearwost wisse
+     fǣttum fāhne.      Ne wæs þæt forma sīð,
+     þæt hē Hrōðgāres      hām gesōhte:
+     nǣfre hē on aldor-dagum      ǣr nē siððan
+720  heardran hæle,      heal-þegnas fand!
+     Cōm þā tō recede      rinc sīðian
+     drēamum bedǣled.      Duru sōna onarn
+     fȳr-bendum fæst,      syððan hē hire folmum hrān;
+     onbræd þā bealo-hȳdig,      þā hē ābolgen wæs,
+725  recedes mūðan.      Raðe æfter þon
+     on fāgne flōr      fēond treddode,
+     ēode yrre-mōd;      him of ēagum stōd
+     līge gelīcost      lēoht unfǣger.
+     Geseah hē in recede      rinca manige,
+730  swefan sibbe-gedriht      samod ætgædere,
+     mago-rinca hēap:      þā his mōd āhlōg,
+     mynte þæt hē gedǣlde,      ǣr þon dæg cwōme,
+     atol āglǣca,      ānra gehwylces
+     līf wið līce,      þā him ālumpen wæs
+735  wist-fylle wēn.      Ne wæs þæt wyrd þā gēn,
+     þæt hē mā mōste      manna cynnes
+     þicgean ofer þā niht.      Þrȳð-swȳð behēold
+     mǣg Higelāces,      hū se mān-scaða
+     under fǣr-gripum      gefaran wolde.
+740  Nē þæt se āglǣca      yldan þōhte,
+     ac hē gefēng hraðe      forman siðe
+     slǣpendne rinc,      slāt unwearnum,
+     bāt bān-locan,      blōd ēdrum dranc,
+     syn-snǣdum swealh:      sōna hæfde
+745  unlyfigendes      eal gefeormod
+     fēt and folma.      Forð nēar ætstōp,
+     nam þā mid handa      hige-þīhtigne
+     rinc on ræste;      rǣhte ongēan
+     fēond mid folme,      hē onfēng hraðe
+750  inwit-þancum      and wið earm gesæt.
+     Sōna þæt onfunde      fyrena hyrde,
+     þæt hē ne mētte      middan-geardes
+     eorðan scēata      on elran men
+     mund-gripe māran:      hē on mōde wearð
+755  forht on ferhðe,      nō þȳ ǣr fram meahte;
+     hyge wæs him hin-fūs,      wolde on heolster flēon,
+     sēcan dēofla gedræg:      ne wæs his drohtoð þǣr,
+     swylce hē on ealder-dagum      ǣr gemētte.
+     Gemunde þā se gōda      mǣg Higelāces
+760  ǣfen-sprǣce,      up-lang āstōd
+     and him fæste wiðfēng.      Fingras burston;
+     eoten wæs ūt-weard,      eorl furður stōp.
+     Mynte se mǣra,      þǣr hē meahte swā,
+     wīdre gewindan      and on weg þanon
+765  flēon on fen-hopu;      wiste his fingra geweald
+     on grames grāpum.      Þæt wæs gēocor sīð,
+     þæt se hearm-scaða      tō Heorute ātēah:
+     dryht-sele dynede,      Denum eallum wearð,
+     ceaster-būendum,      cēnra gehwylcum,
+770  eorlum ealu-scerwen.      Yrre wǣron bēgen,
+     rēðe rēn-weardas.      Reced hlynsode;
+     þā wæs wundor micel,      þæt se wīn-sele
+     wiðhæfde heaðo-dēorum,      þæt hē on hrūsan ne fēol,
+     fǣger fold-bold;      ac hē þæs fæste wæs
+775  innan and ūtan      īren-bendum
+     searo-þoncum besmiðod.      Þǣr fram sylle ābēag
+     medu-benc monig      mīne gefrǣge,
+     golde geregnad,      þǣr þā graman wunnon;
+     þæs ne wēndon ǣr      witan Scyldinga,
+780  þæt hit ā mid gemete      manna ǣnig
+     betlīc and bān-fāg      tōbrecan meahte,
+     listum tōlūcan,      nymðe līges fæðm
+     swulge on swaðule.      Swēg up āstāg
+     nīwe geneahhe;      Norð-Denum stōd
+785  atelīc egesa      ānra gehwylcum
+     þāra þe of wealle      wōp gehȳrdon,
+     gryre-lēoð galan      godes andsacan,
+     sige-lēasne sang,      sār wānigean
+     helle hæftan.      Hēold hine tō fæste
+790  sē þe manna wæs      mægene strengest
+     on þǣm dæge      þysses līfes.
+
+
+XIII. BĒOWULF TEARS OFF GRENDEL'S ARM.
+
+     Nolde eorla hlēo      ǣnige þinga
+     þone cwealm-cuman      cwicne forlǣtan,
+     nē his līf-dagas      lēoda ǣnigum
+795  nytte tealde.      Þǣr genehost brægd
+     eorl Bēowulfes      ealde lāfe,
+     wolde frēa-drihtnes      feorh ealgian
+     mǣres þēodnes,      þǣr hīe meahton swā;
+     hīe þæt ne wiston,      þā hīe gewin drugon,
+800  heard-hicgende      hilde-mecgas,
+     and on healfa gehwone      hēawan þōhton,
+     sāwle sēcan,      þæt þone syn-scaðan
+     ǣnig ofer eorðan      īrenna cyst,
+     gūð-billa nān      grētan nolde;
+805  ac hē sige-wǣpnum      forsworen hæfde,
+     ecga gehwylcre.      Scolde his aldor-gedāl
+     on þǣm dæge      þysses līfes
+     earmlīc wurðan      and se ellor-gāst
+     on fēonda geweald      feor sīðian.
+810  Þā þæt onfunde      sē þe fela ǣror
+     mōdes myrðe      manna cynne
+     fyrene gefremede      (hē wæs fāg wið god)
+     þæt him se līc-homa      lǣstan nolde,
+     ac hine se mōdega      mǣg Hygelāces
+815  hæfde be honda;      wæs gehwæðer ōðrum
+     lifigende lāð.      Līc-sār gebād
+     atol ǣglǣca,      him on eaxle wearð
+     syn-dolh sweotol,      seonowe onsprungon
+     burston bān-locan.      Bēowulfe wearð
+820  gūð-hrēð gyfeðe;      scolde Grendel þonan
+     feorh-sēoc flēon      under fen-hleoðu,
+     sēcean wyn-lēas wīc;      wiste þē geornor,
+     þæt his aldres wæs      ende gegongen,
+     dōgera dæg-rīm.      Denum eallum wearð
+825  æfter þām wæl-rǣse      willa gelumpen.
+     Hæfde þā gefǣlsod,      sē þe ǣr feorran cōm,
+     snotor and swȳð-ferhð      sele Hrōðgāres,
+     genered wið nīðe.      Niht-weorce gefeh,
+     ellen-mǣrðum;      hæfde Ēast-Denum
+830  Gēat-mecga lēod      gilp gelǣsted,
+     swylce oncȳððe      ealle gebētte,
+     inwid-sorge,      þē hīe ǣr drugon
+     and for þrēa-nȳdum      þolian scoldon,
+     torn unlȳtel.      Þæt wæs tācen sweotol,
+835  syððan hilde-dēor      hond ālegde,
+     earm and eaxle      (þǣr wæs eal geador
+     Grendles grāpe)      under gēapne hrōf.
+
+
+XIV. THE JOY AT HEOROT.
+
+     Þā wæs on morgen      mīne gefrǣge
+     ymb þā gif-healle      gūð-rinc monig:
+840  fērdon folc-togan      feorran and nēan
+     geond wīd-wegas      wundor scēawian,
+     lāðes lāstas.      Nō his līf-gedāl
+     sārlīc þūhte      secga ǣnegum,
+     þāra þe tīr-lēases      trode scēawode,
+845  hū hē wērig-mōd      on weg þanon,
+     nīða ofercumen,      on nicera mere
+     fǣge and geflȳmed      feorh-lāstas bær.
+     Þǣr wæs on blōde      brim weallende,
+     atol ȳða geswing      eal gemenged
+850  hātan heolfre,      heoro-drēore wēol;
+     dēað-fǣge dēog,      siððan drēama lēas
+     in fen-freoðo      feorh ālegde
+     hǣðene sāwle,      þǣr him hel onfēng.
+     Þanon eft gewiton      eald-gesīðas,
+855  swylce geong manig      of gomen-wāðe,
+     fram mere mōdge,      mēarum rīdan,
+     beornas on blancum.      Þǣr wæs Bēowulfes
+     mǣrðo mǣned;      monig oft gecwæð,
+     þætte sūð nē norð      be sǣm tweonum
+860  ofer eormen-grund      ōðer nǣnig
+     under swegles begong      sēlra nǣre
+     rond-hæbbendra,      rīces wyrðra.
+     Nē hīe hūru wine-drihten      wiht ne lōgon,
+     glædne Hrōðgār,      ac þæt wæs gōd cyning.
+865  Hwīlum heaðo-rōfe      hlēapan lēton,
+     on geflīt faran      fealwe mēaras,
+     þǣr him fold-wegas      fægere þūhton,
+     cystum cūðe;      hwīlum cyninges þegn,
+     guma gilp-hlæden      gidda gemyndig,
+870  sē þe eal-fela      eald-gesegena
+     worn gemunde,      word ōðer fand
+     sōðe gebunden:      secg eft ongan
+     sīð Bēowulfes      snyttrum styrian
+     and on spēd wrecan      spel gerāde,
+875  wordum wrixlan,      wēl-hwylc gecwæð,
+     þæt hē fram Sigemunde      secgan hȳrde,
+     ellen-dǣdum,      uncūðes fela,
+     Wælsinges gewin,      wīde sīðas,
+     þāra þe gumena bearn      gearwe ne wiston,
+880  fǣhðe and fyrene,      būton Fitela mid hine,
+     þonne hē swylces hwæt      secgan wolde
+     ēam his nefan,      swā hīe ā wǣron
+     æt nīða gehwām      nȳd-gesteallan:
+     hæfdon eal-fela      eotena cynnes
+885  sweordum gesǣged.      Sigemunde gesprong
+     æfter dēað-dæge      dōm unlȳtel,
+     syððan wīges heard      wyrm ācwealde,
+     hordes hyrde;      hē under hārne stān,
+     æðelinges bearn,      āna genēðde
+890  frēcne dǣde;      ne wæs him Fitela mid.
+     Hwæðre him gesǣlde,      þæt þæt swurd þurhwōd
+     wrǣtlīcne wyrm,      þæt hit on wealle ætstōd,
+     dryhtlīc īren;      draca morðre swealt.
+     Hæfde āglǣca      elne gegongen,
+895  þæt hē bēah-hordes      brūcan mōste
+     selfes dōme:      sǣ-bāt gehlōd,
+     bær on bearm scipes      beorhte frætwa,
+     Wælses eafera;      wyrm hāt gemealt.
+     Sē wæs wreccena      wīde mǣrost
+900  ofer wer-þēode,      wīgendra hlēo
+     ellen-dǣdum:      hē þæs āron þāh.
+     Siððan Heremōdes      hild sweðrode
+     eafoð and ellen.      Hē mid eotenum wearð
+     on fēonda geweald      forð forlācen,
+905  snūde forsended.      Hine sorh-wylmas
+     lemede tō lange,      hē his lēodum wearð,
+     eallum æðelingum      tō aldor-ceare;
+     swylce oft bemearn      ǣrran mǣlum
+     swīð-ferhðes sīð      snotor ceorl monig,
+910  sē þe him bealwa tō      bōte gelȳfde,
+     þæt þæt þēodnes bearn      geþēon scolde,
+     fæder-æðelum onfōn,      folc gehealdan,
+     hord and hlēo-burh,      hæleða rīce,
+     ēðel Scyldinga.      Hē þǣr eallum wearð,
+915  mǣg Higelāces      manna cynne,
+     frēondum gefægra;      hine fyren onwōd.
+
+     Hwīlum flītende      fealwe strǣte
+     mēarum mǣton.      Þā wæs morgen-lēoht
+     scofen and scynded.      Ēode scealc monig
+920  swīð-hicgende      tō sele þām hēan,
+     searo-wundor sēon,      swylce self cyning,
+     of brȳd-būre      bēah-horda weard,
+     tryddode tīr-fæst      getrume micle,
+     cystum gecȳðed,      and his cwēn mid him
+925  medo-stīg gemæt      mægða hōse.
+
+
+XV. HROTHGAR'S GRATULATION.
+
+     Hrōðgār maðelode      (hē tō healle gēong,
+     stōd on stapole,      geseah stēapne hrōf
+     golde fāhne      and Grendles hond):
+     "þisse ansȳne      al-wealdan þanc
+930  "lungre gelimpe!      Fela ic lāðes gebād,
+     "grynna æt Grendle:      ā mæg god wyrcan
+     "wunder æfter wundre,      wuldres hyrde!
+     "Þæt wæs ungeāra,      þæt ic ǣnigra mē
+     "wēana ne wēnde      tō wīdan feore
+935  "bōte gebīdan      þonne blōde fāh
+     "hūsa sēlest      heoro-drēorig stōd;
+     "wēa wīd-scofen      witena gehwylcne
+     "þāra þe ne wēndon,      þæt hīe wīde-ferhð
+     "lēoda land-geweorc      lāðum beweredon
+940  "scuccum and scinnum.      Nū scealc hafað
+     "þurh drihtnes miht      dǣd gefremede,
+     "þē wē ealle      ǣr ne meahton
+     "snyttrum besyrwan.      Hwæt! þæt secgan mæg
+     "efne swā hwylc mægða,      swā þone magan cende
+945  "æfter gum-cynnum,      gyf hēo gȳt lyfað,
+     "þæt hyre eald-metod      ēste wǣre
+     "bearn-gebyrdo.      Nū ic Bēowulf
+     "þec, secg betsta,      mē for sunu wylle
+     "frēogan on ferhðe;      heald forð tela
+950  "nīwe sibbe.      Ne bið þē nǣnigra gād
+     "worolde wilna,      þē ic geweald hæbbe.
+     "Ful-oft ic for lǣssan      lēan teohhode
+     "hord-weorðunge      hnāhran rince,
+     "sǣmran æt sæcce.      Þū þē self hafast
+955  "dǣdum gefremed,      þæt þīn dōm lyfað
+     "āwa tō aldre.      Alwalda þec
+     "gōde forgylde,      swā hē nū gȳt dyde!"
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+     "Wē þæt ellen-weorc      ēstum miclum,
+960  "feohtan fremedon,      frēcne genēðdon
+     "eafoð uncūðes;      ūðe ic swīðor,
+     "þæt þū hinc selfne      gesēon mōste,
+     "fēond on frætewum      fyl-wērigne!
+     "Ic hine hrædlīce      heardan clammum
+965  "on wæl-bedde      wrīðan þōhte,
+     "þæt hē for mund-gripe      mīnum scolde
+     "licgean līf-bysig,      būtan his līc swice;
+     "ic hine ne mihte,      þā metod nolde,
+     "ganges getwǣman,      nō ic him þæs georne ætfealh,
+970  "feorh-genīðlan;      wæs tō fore-mihtig
+     "fēond on fēðe.      Hwæðere hē his folme forlēt
+     "tō līf-wraðe      lāst weardian,
+     "earm and eaxle;      nō þǣr ǣnige swā þēah
+     "fēa-sceaft guma      frōfre gebohte:
+975  "nō þȳ leng leofað      lāð-getēona
+     "synnum geswenced,      ac hyne sār hafað
+     "in nȳd-gripe      nearwe befongen,
+     "balwon bendum:      þǣr ābīdan sceal
+     "maga māne fāh      miclan dōmes,
+980  "hū him scīr metod      scrīfan wille."
+     Þā wæs swīgra secg,      sunu Ecglāfes,
+     on gylp-sprǣce      gūð-geweorca,
+     siððan æðelingas      eorles cræfte
+     ofer hēahne hrōf      hand scēawedon,
+985  fēondes fingras,      foran ǣghwylc;
+     wæs stēde nægla gehwylc,      stȳle gelīcost,
+     hǣðenes hand-sporu      hilde-rinces
+     egle unhēoru;      ǣg-hwylc gecwæð,
+     þæt him heardra nān      hrīnan wolde
+990  īren ǣr-gōd,      þæt þæs āhlǣcan
+     blōdge beadu-folme      onberan wolde.
+
+
+XVI. THE BANQUET AND THE GIFTS.
+
+     Þā wæs hāten hreðe      Heort innan-weard
+     folmum gefrætwod:      fela þǣra wæs
+     wera and wīfa,      þē þæt wīn-reced,
+995  gest-sele gyredon.      Gold-fāg scinon
+     web æfter wāgum,      wundor-sīona fela
+     secga gehwylcum      þāra þe on swylc starað
+     Wæs þæt beorhte bold      tōbrocen swīðe
+     eal inne-weard      īren-bendum fæst,
+1000 heorras tōhlidene;      hrōf āna genæs
+     ealles ansund,      þā se āglǣca
+     fyren-dǣdum fāg      on flēam gewand,
+     aldres or-wēna.      Nō þæt ȳðe byð
+     tō beflēonne      (fremme sē þe wille!)
+1005 ac gesacan sceal      sāwl-berendra
+     nȳde genȳdde      niðða bearna
+     grund-būendra      gearwe stōwe,
+     þǣr his līc-homa      leger-bedde fæst
+     swefeð æfter symle.      Þā wæs sǣl and mǣl,
+1010 þæt tō healle gang      Healfdenes sunu;
+     wolde self cyning      symbel þicgan.
+     Ne gefrægen ic þā mǣgðe      māran weorode
+     ymb hyra sinc-gyfan      sēl gebǣran.
+     Bugon þā tō bence      blǣd-āgende,
+1015 fylle gefǣgon.      Fægere geþǣgon
+     medo-ful manig      māgas þāra
+     swīð-hicgende      on sele þām hēan,
+     Hrōðgār and Hrōðulf.      Heorot innan wæs
+     frēondum āfylled;      nalles fācen-stafas
+1020 Þēod-Scyldingas      þenden fremedon.
+     Forgeaf þā Bēowulfe      bearn Healfdenes
+     segen gyldenne      sigores tō lēane,
+     hroden hilte-cumbor,      helm and byrnan;
+     mǣre māððum-sweord      manige gesāwon
+1025 beforan beorn beran.      Bēowulf geþah
+     ful on flette;      nō hē þǣre feoh-gyfte
+     for scēotendum      scamigan þorfte,
+     ne gefrægn ic frēondlīcor      fēower mādmas
+     golde gegyrede      gum-manna fela
+1030 in ealo-bence      ōðrum gesellan.
+     Ymb þæs helmes hrōf      hēafod-beorge
+     wīrum bewunden      walan ūtan hēold,
+     þæt him fēla lāfe      frēcne ne meahton
+     scūr-heard sceððan,      þonne scyld-freca
+1035 ongēan gramum      gangan scolde.
+     Heht þā eorla hlēo      eahta mēaras,
+     fǣted-hlēore,      on flet tēon
+     in under eoderas;      þāra ānum stōd
+     sadol searwum fāh      since gewurðad,
+1040 þæt wæs hilde-setl      hēah-cyninges,
+     þonne sweorda gelāc      sunu Healfdenes
+     efnan wolde;      nǣfre on ōre læg
+     wīd-cūðes wīg,      þonne walu fēollon.
+     And þā Bēowulfe      bēga gehwæðres
+1045 eodor Ingwina      onweald getēah,
+     wicga and wǣpna;      hēt hine wēl brūcan.
+     Swā manlīce      mǣre þēoden,
+     hord-weard hæleða      heaðo-rǣsas geald
+     mēarum and mādmum,      swā hȳ nǣfre man lyhð,
+1050 sē þe secgan wile      sōð æfter rihte.
+
+
+XVII. SONG OF HROTHGAR'S POET-THE LAY OF HNAEF AND HENGEST.
+
+     Þā gȳt ǣghwylcum      eorla drihten
+     þāra þe mid Bēowulfe      brim-lāde tēah,
+     on þǣre medu-bence      māððum gesealde,
+     yrfe-lāfe,      and þone ǣnne heht
+1055 golde forgyldan,      þone þe Grendel ǣr
+     māne ācwealde,      swā hē hyra mā wolde,
+     nefne him wītig god      wyrd forstōde
+     and þæs mannes mōd:      metod eallum wēold
+     gumena cynnes,      swā hē nū gīt dēð;
+1060 forþan bið andgit      ǣghwǣr sēlest,
+     ferhðes fore-þanc!      fela sceal gebīdan
+     lēofes and lāðes,      sē þe longe hēr
+     on þyssum win-dagum      worolde brūceð.
+     Þǣr wæs sang and swēg      samod ætgædere
+1065 fore Healfdenes      hilde-wīsan,
+     gomen-wudu grēted,      gid oft wrecen,
+     þonne heal-gamen      Hrōðgāres scop
+     æfter medo-bence      mǣnan scolde
+     Finnes eaferum,      þā hīe se fǣr begeat:
+1070 "Hæleð Healfdenes,      Hnæf Scyldinga,
+     "in Fr..es wæle      feallan scolde.
+     "Nē hūru Hildeburh      herian þorfte
+     "Eotena trēowe:      unsynnum wearð
+     "beloren lēofum      æt þām lind-plegan
+1075 "bearnum and brōðrum;      hīe on gebyrd hruron
+     "gāre wunde;      þæt wæs geōmuru ides.
+     "Nalles hōlinga      Hōces dōhtor
+     "meotod-sceaft bemearn,      syððan morgen cōm,
+     "þā hēo under swegle      gesēon meahte
+1080 "morðor-bealo māga,      þǣr hēo ǣr mǣste hēold
+     "worolde wynne:      wīg ealle fornam
+     "Finnes þegnas,      nemne fēaum ānum,
+     "þæt hē ne mehte      on þǣm meðel-stede
+     "wīg Hengeste      wiht gefeohtan,
+1085 "nē þā wēa-lāfe      wīge forþringan
+     "þōodnes þegne;       ac hig him geþingo budon,
+     "þæt hīe him ōðer flet      eal gerȳmdon,
+     "healle and hēah-setl,      þæt hīe healfre geweald
+     "wið Eotena bearn      āgan mōston,
+1090 "and æt feoh-gyftum      Folcwaldan sunu
+     "dōgra gehwylce      Dene weorðode,
+     "Hengestes hēap      hringum wenede,
+     "efne swā swīðe      sinc-gestrēonum
+     "fǣttan goldes,      swā hē Frēsena cyn
+1095 "on bēor-sele      byldan wolde.
+     "Þā hīe getruwedon      on twā healfa
+     "fæste frioðu-wǣre;      Fin Hengeste
+     "elne unflitme      āðum benemde,
+     "þæt hē þā wēa-lāfe      weotena dōme
+1100 "ārum heolde,      þæt þǣr ǣnig mon
+     "wordum nē worcum      wǣre ne brǣce,
+     "nē þurh inwit-searo      ǣfre gemǣnden,
+     "þēah hīe hira bēag-gyfan      banan folgedon
+     "þēoden-lēase,      þā him swā geþearfod wæs:
+1105 "gyf þonne Frȳsna hwylc      frēcnan sprǣce
+     "þæs morðor-hetes      myndgiend wǣre,
+     "þonne hit sweordes ecg      syððan scolde.
+     "Āð wæs geæfned      and icge gold
+     "āhæfen of horde.      Here-Scyldinga
+1110 "betst beado-rinca      wæs on bǣl gearu;
+     "æt þǣm āde wæs      ēð-gesȳne
+     "swāt-fāh syrce,      swȳn eal-gylden,
+     "eofer īren-heard,      æðeling manig
+     "wundum āwyrded;      sume on wæle crungon.
+1115 "Hēt þā Hildeburh      æt Hnæfes āde
+     "hire selfre sunu      sweoloðe befæstan,
+     "bān-fatu bærnan      and on bǣl dōn.
+     "Earme on eaxle      ides gnornode,
+     "geōmrode giddum;      gūð-rinc āstāh.
+1120 "Wand tō wolcnum      wæl-fȳra mǣst,
+     "hlynode for hlāwe;      hafelan multon,
+     "ben-geato burston,      þonne blōd ætspranc
+     "lāð-bite līces.      Līg ealle forswealg,
+     "gǣsta gīfrost,      þāra þe þǣr gūð fornam
+1125 "bēga folces;      wæs hira blǣd scacen.
+
+
+XVIII. THE GLEEMAN'S TALE IS ENDED.
+
+     "Gewiton him þā wīgend      wīca nēosian,
+     "frēondum befeallen      Frȳsland gesēon,
+     "hāmas and hēa-burh.      Hengest þā gȳt
+     "wæl-fāgne winter      wunode mid Finne
+1130 "ealles unhlitme;      eard gemunde,
+     "þēah þe hē ne meahte      on mere drīfan
+     "hringed-stefnan;      holm storme wēol,
+     "won wið winde;      winter ȳðe belēac
+     "īs-gebinde      oð þæt ōðer cōm
+1135 "geār in geardas,      swā nū gȳt dēð,
+     "þā þe syngales      sēle bewitiað,
+     "wuldor-torhtan weder.      Þā wæs winter scacen,
+     "fæger foldan bearm;      fundode wrecca,
+     "gist of geardum;      hē tō gyrn-wræce
+1140 "swīðor þōhte,      þonne tō sǣ-lāde,
+     "gif hē torn-gemōt      þurhtēon mihte,
+     "þæt hē Eotena bearn      inne gemunde.
+     "Swā hē ne forwyrnde      worold-rǣdenne,
+     "þonne him Hūnlāfing      hilde-lēoman,
+1145 "billa sēlest,      on bearm dyde:
+     "þæs wǣron mid Eotenum      ecge cūðe.
+     "Swylce ferhð-frecan      Fin eft begeat
+     "sweord-bealo slīðen      æt his selfes hām,
+     "siððan grimne gripe      Gūðlaf ond Ōslāf
+1150 "æfter sǣ-siðe      sorge mǣndon,
+     "ætwiton wēana dǣl;      ne meahte wǣfre mōd
+     "forhabban in hreðre.      Þā wæs heal hroden
+     "fēonda fēorum,      swilce Fin slægen,
+     "cyning on corðre,      and sēo cwēn numen.
+1155 "Scēotend Scyldinga      tō scypum feredon
+     "eal in-gesteald      eorð-cyninges,
+     "swylce hīe æt Finnes hām      findan meahton
+     "sigla searo-gimma.      Hīe on sǣ-lāde
+     "drihtlīce wīf      tō Denum feredon,
+1160 "lǣddon tō lēodum."      Lēoð wæs āsungen,
+     glēo-mannes gyd.      Gamen eft āstāh,
+     beorhtode benc-swēg,      byrelas sealdon
+     wīn of wunder-fatum.      Þā cwōm Wealhþēo forð
+     gān under gyldnum bēage,      þǣr þā gōdan twēgen
+1165 sǣton suhter-gefæderan;      þā gȳt wæs hiera sib ætgædere
+     ǣghwylc ōðrum trȳwe.      Swylce þǣr Unferð þyle
+     æt fōtum sæt frēan Scyldinga:      gehwylc hiora his ferhðe trēowde,
+     þæt hē hæfde mōd micel,      þēah þe hē his māgum nǣre
+     ārfæst æt ecga gelācum.      Spræc þā ides Scyldinga:
+1170 "Onfōh þissum fulle,      frēo-drihten mīn,
+     "sinces brytta;      þū on sǣlum wes,
+     "gold-wine gumena,      and tō Gēatum sprec
+     "mildum wordum!      Swā sceal man dōn.
+     "Bēo wið Gēatas glæd,      geofena gemyndig;
+1175 "nēan and feorran      þū nū friðu hafast.
+     "Mē man sægde,      þæt þū þē for sunu wolde
+     "here-rinc habban.      Heorot is gefǣlsod,
+     "bēah-sele beorhta;      brūc þenden þū mōte
+     "manigra mēda      and þīnum māgum lǣf
+1180 "folc and rīce,      þonne þū forð scyle
+     "metod-sceaft sēon.      Ic mīnne can
+     "glædne Hrōðulf,      þæt hē þā geogoðe wile
+     "ārum healdan,      gyf þū ǣr þonne hē,
+     "wine Scildinga,      worold oflǣtest;
+1185 "wēne ic, þæt hē mid gōde      gyldan wille
+     "uncran eaferan,      gif hē þæt eal gemon,
+     "hwæt wit tō willan      and tō worð-myndum
+     "umbor wesendum ǣr      ārna gefremedon."
+     Hwearf þā bī bence,      þǣr hyre byre wǣron,
+1190 Hrēðrīc and Hrōðmund,      and hæleða bearn,
+     giogoð ætgædere;      þǣr se gōda sæt
+     Bēowulf Gēata      be þǣm gebrōðrum twǣm.
+
+
+XIX. BĒOWULF'S JEWELLED COLLAR. THE HEROES REST.
+
+     Him wæs ful boren      and frēond-laðu
+     wordum bewægned      and wunden gold
+1195 ēstum geēawed,      earm-hrēade twā,
+     hrægl and hringas,      heals-bēaga mǣst
+     þāra þe ic on foldan      gefrægen hæbbe.
+     Nǣnigne ic under swegle      sēlran hȳrde
+     hord-māððum hæleða,      syððan Hāma ætwæg
+1200 tō þǣre byrhtan byrig      Brōsinga mene,
+     sigle and sinc-fæt,      searo-nīðas fealh
+     Eormenrīces,      gecēas ēcne rǣd.
+     Þone hring hæfde      Higelāc Gēata,
+     nefa Swertinges,      nȳhstan sīðe,
+1205 siððan hē under segne      sinc ealgode,
+     wæl-rēaf werede;      hyne Wyrd fornam,
+     syððan hē for wlenco      wēan āhsode,
+     fǣhðe tō Frȳsum;      hē þā frætwe wæg,
+     eorclan-stānas      ofer ȳða ful,
+1210 rīce þēoden,      hē under rande gecranc;
+     gehwearf þā in Francna fæðm      feorh cyninges,
+     brēost-gewǣdu      and se bēah somod:
+     wyrsan wīg-frecan      wæl rēafedon
+     æfter gūð-sceare,      Gēata lēode
+1215 hreā-wīc hēoldon.      Heal swēge onfēng.
+     Wealhþēo maðelode,      hēo fore þǣm werede spræc:
+     "Brūc þisses bēages,      Bēowulf, lēofa
+     "hyse, mid hǣle,      and þisses hrægles nēot
+     "þēod-gestrēona,      and geþēoh tela,
+1220 "cen þec mid cræfte      and þyssum cnyhtum wes
+     "lāra līðe!      ic þē þæs lēan geman.
+     "Hafast þū gefēred,      þæt þē feor and nēah
+     "ealne wīde-ferhð      weras ehtigað,
+     "efne swā sīde      swā sǣ bebūgeð
+1225 "windige weallas.      Wes, þenden þū lifige,
+     "æðeling ēadig!      ic þē an tela
+     "sinc-gestrēona.      Bēo þū suna mīnum
+     "dǣdum gedēfe      drēam healdende!
+     "Hēr is ǣghwylc eorl      ōðrum getrȳwe,
+1230 "mōdes milde,      man-drihtne hold,
+     "þegnas syndon geþwǣre,      þēod eal gearo:
+     "druncne dryht-guman,      dōð swā ic bidde!"
+     Ēode þā tō setle.      Þǣr wæs symbla cyst,
+     druncon wīn weras:      wyrd ne cūðon,
+1235 geō-sceaft grimme,      swā hit āgangen wearð
+     eorla manegum,      syððan ǣfen cwōm
+     and him Hrōðgār gewāt      tō hofe sīnum,
+     rīce tō ræste.      Reced weardode
+     unrīm eorla,      swā hīe oft ǣr dydon:
+1240 benc-þelu beredon,      hit geond-brǣded wearð
+     beddum and bolstrum.      Bēor-scealca sum
+     fūs and fǣge      flet-ræste gebēag.
+     Setton him tō hēafdum      hilde-randas,
+     bord-wudu beorhtan;      þǣr on bence wæs
+1245 ofer æðelinge      ȳð-gesēne
+     heaðo-stēapa helm,      hringed byrne,
+     þrec-wudu þrymlīc.      Wæs þēaw hyra,
+     þæt hīe oft wǣron      an wīg gearwe,
+     gē æt hām gē on herge,      gē gehwæðer þāra
+1250 efne swylce mǣla,      swylce hira man-dryhtne
+     þearf gesǣlde;      wæs sēo þēod tilu.
+
+
+XX. GRENDEL'S MOTHER ATTACKS THE RING-DANES.
+
+     Sigon þā tō slǣpe.      Sum sāre angeald
+     ǣfen-ræste,      swā him ful-oft gelamp,
+     siððan gold-sele      Grendel warode,
+1255 unriht æfnde,      oð þæt ende becwōm,
+     swylt æfter synnum.      Þæt gesȳne wearð,
+     wīd-cūð werum,      þætte wrecend þā gȳt
+     lifde æfter lāðum,      lange þrāge
+     æfter gūð-ceare;      Grendles mōdor,
+1260 ides āglǣc-wīf      yrmðe gemunde,
+     sē þe wæter-egesan      wunian scolde,
+     cealde strēamas,      siððan Cain wearð
+     tō ecg-banan      āngan brēðer,
+     fæderen-mǣge;      hē þā fāg gewāt,
+1265 morðre gemearcod      man-drēam flēon,
+     wēsten warode.      Þanon wōc fela
+     geōsceaft-gāsta;      wæs þǣra Grendel sum,
+     heoro-wearh hetelīc,      sē æt Heorote fand
+     wæccendne wer      wīges bīdan,
+1270 þǣr him āglǣca      æt-grǣpe wearð;
+     hwæðre hē gemunde      mægenes strenge,
+     gim-fæste gife,      þē him god sealde,
+     and him tō anwaldan      āre gelȳfde,
+     frōfre and fultum:      þȳ hē þone fēond ofercwōm,
+1275 gehnǣgde helle gāst:      þā hē hēan gewāt,
+     drēame bedǣled      dēað-wīc sēon,
+     man-cynnes fēond.      And his mōdor þā gȳt
+     gīfre and galg-mōd      gegān wolde
+     sorh-fulne sīð,      suna dēað wrecan.
+1280 Cōm þā tō Heorote,      þǣr Hring-Dene
+     geond þæt sæld swǣfun.      Þā þǣr sōna wearð
+     ed-hwyrft eorlum,      siððan inne fealh
+     Grendles mōdor;      wæs se gryre lǣssa
+     efne swā micle,      swā bið mægða cræft,
+1285 wīg-gryre wīfes      be wǣpned-men,
+     þonne heoru bunden,      hamere geþuren,
+     sweord swāte fāh      swīn ofer helme,
+     ecgum dyhtig      andweard scireð.
+     Þā wæs on healle      heard-ecg togen,
+1290 sweord ofer setlum,      sīd-rand manig
+     hafen handa fæst;      helm ne gemunde,
+     byrnan sīde,      þe hine se brōga angeat.
+     Hēo wæs on ofste,      wolde ūt þanon
+     fēore beorgan,      þā hēo onfunden wæs;
+1295 hraðe hēo æðelinga      ānne hæfde
+     fæste befangen,      þā hēo tō fenne gang;
+     sē wæs Hrōðgāre      hæleða lēofost
+     on gesīðes hād      be sǣm tweonum,
+     rīce rand-wiga,      þone þe hēo on ræste ābrēat,
+1300 blǣd-fæstne beorn.      Næs Bēowulf þǣr,
+     ac wæs ōðer in      ǣr geteohhod
+     æfter māððum-gife      mǣrum Gēate.
+     Hrēam wearð on Heorote.      Hēo under heolfre genam
+     cūðe folme;      cearu wæs genīwod
+1305 geworden in wīcum:      ne wæs þæt gewrixle til,
+     þæt hīe on bā healfa      bicgan scoldon
+     frēonda fēorum.      Þā wæs frōd cyning,
+     hār hilde-rinc,      on hrēon mōde,
+     syððan hē aldor-þegn      unlyfigendne,
+1310 þone dēorestan      dēadne wisse.
+     Hraðe wæs tō būre      Bēowulf fetod,
+     sigor-ēadig secg.      Samod ǣr-dæge
+     ēode eorla sum,      æðele cempa
+     self mid gesīðum,      þǣr se snottra bād,
+1315 hwæðre him al-walda      ǣfre wille
+     æfter wēa-spelle      wyrpe gefremman.
+     Gang þā æfter flōre      fyrd-wyrðe man
+     mid his hand-scale      (heal-wudu dynede)
+     þæt hē þone wīsan      wordum hnǣgde
+1320 frēan Ingwina;      frægn gif him wǣre
+     æfter nēod-laðu      niht getǣse.
+
+
+XXI. SORROW AT HEOROT: AESCHERE'S DEATH
+
+     Hrōðgār maðelode,      helm Scildinga:
+     "Ne frīn þū æfter sǣlum!      Sorh is genīwod
+     "Denigea lēodum.      Dēad is Æsc-here,
+1325 "Yrmenlāfes      yldra brōðor,
+     "mīn rūn-wita      and mīn rǣd-bora,
+     "eaxl-gestealla,      þonne wē on orlege
+     "hafelan weredon,      þonne hniton fēðan,
+     "eoferas cnysedan;      swylc scolde eorl wesan
+1330 "æðeling ǣr-gōd,      swylc Æsc-here wæs.
+     "Wearð him on Heorote      tō hand-banan
+     "wæl-gǣst wǣfre;      ic ne wāt hwæder
+     "atol ǣse wlanc      eft-sīðas tēah,
+     "fylle gefrǣgnod.      Hēo þā fǣhðe wræc,
+1335 "þē þū gystran niht      Grendel cwealdest
+     "þurh hǣstne hād      heardum clammum,
+     "forþan hē tō lange      lēode mīne
+     "wanode and wyrde.      Hē æt wīge gecrang
+     "ealdres scyldig,      and nū ōðer cwōm
+1340 "mihtig mān-scaða,      wolde hyre mǣg wrecan,
+     "gē feor hafað      fǣhðe gestǣled,
+     "þæs þe þincean mæg      þegne monegum,
+     "sē þe æfter sinc-gyfan      on sefan grēoteð,
+     "hreðer-bealo hearde;      nū sēo hand ligeð,
+1345 "sē þe ēow wēl-hwylcra      wilna dohte.
+     "Ic þæt lond-būend      lēode mīne
+     "sele-rǣdende      secgan hȳrde,
+     "þæt hīe gesāwon      swylce twēgen
+     "micle mearc-stapan      mōras healdan,
+1350 "ellor-gǣstas:      þǣra ōðer wæs,
+     "þæs þe hīe gewislīcost      gewitan meahton,
+     "idese onlīcnes,      ōðer earm-sceapen
+     "on weres wæstmum      wræc-lāstas træd,
+     "næfne hē wæs māra      þonne ǣnig man ōðer,
+1355 "þone on geār-dagum      Grendel nemdon
+     "fold-būende:      nō hīe fæder cunnon,
+     "hwæðer him ǣnig wæs      ǣr ācenned
+     "dyrnra gāsta.      Hīe dȳgel lond
+     "warigeað, wulf-hleoðu,      windige næssas,
+1360 "frēcne fen-gelād,      þǣr fyrgen-strēam
+     "under næssa genipu      niðer gewīteð,
+     "flōd under foldan;      nis þæt feor heonon
+     "mīl-gemearces,      þæt se mere standeð,
+     "ofer þǣm hongiað      hrīmge bearwas,
+1365 "wudu wyrtum fæst,      wæter oferhelmað.
+     "Þǣr mæg nihta gehwǣm      nīð-wundor sēon,
+     "fȳr on flōde;      nō þæs frōd leofað
+     "gumena bearna,      þæt þone grund wite;
+     "þēah þe hǣð-stapa      hundum geswenced,
+1370 "heorot hornum trum      holt-wudu sēce,
+     "feorran geflȳmed,      ǣr hē feorh seleð,
+     "aldor on ōfre,      ǣr hē in wille,
+     "hafelan hȳdan.      Nis þæt hēoru stōw:
+     "þonon ȳð-geblond      up āstīgeð
+1375 "won tō wolcnum,      þonne wind styreð
+     "lāð gewidru,      oð þæt lyft drysmað,
+     "roderas rēotað.      Nū is rǣd gelang
+     "eft æt þē ānum!      Eard gīt ne const,
+     "frēcne stōwe,      þǣr þū findan miht
+1380 "sinnigne secg:      sēc gif þū dyrre!
+     "Ic þē þā fǣhðe      fēo lēanige,
+     "eald-gestrēonum,      swā ic ǣr dyde,
+     "wundnum golde,      gyf þū on weg cymest."
+
+
+XXII. BĒOWULF SEEKS THE MONSTER IN THE HAUNTS OF THE NIXIES.
+
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+1385 "Ne sorga, snotor guma!      sēlre bið ǣghwǣm,
+     "þæt hē his frēond wrece,      þonne hē fela murne;
+     "ūre ǣghwylc sceal      ende gebīdan
+     "worolde līfes;      wyrce sē þe mōte
+     "dōmes ǣr dēaðe!      þæt bið driht-guman
+1390 "unlifgendum      æfter sēlest.
+     "Ārīs, rīces weard;      uton hraðe fēran,
+     "Grendles māgan      gang scēawigan!
+     "Ic hit þē gehāte:      nō hē on helm losað,
+     "nē on foldan fæðm,      nē on fyrgen-holt,
+1395 "nē on gyfenes grund,      gā þǣr hē wille.
+     "Þȳs dōgor þū      geþyld hafa
+     "wēana gehwylces,      swā ic þē wēne tō!"
+     Āhlēop þā se gomela,      gode þancode,
+     mihtigan drihtne,      þæs se man gespræc.
+1400 Þā wæs Hrōðgāre      hors gebǣted,
+     wicg wunden-feax.      Wīsa fengel
+     geatolīc gengde;      gum-fēða stōp
+     lind-hæbbendra.      Lāstas wǣron
+     æfter wald-swaðum      wīde gesȳne,
+1405 gang ofer grundas;      gegnum fōr þā
+     ofer myrcan mōr,      mago-þegna bær
+     þone sēlestan      sāwol-lēasne,
+     þāra þe mid Hrōðgāre      hām eahtode.
+     Ofer-ēode þā      æðelinga bearn
+1410 stēap stān-hliðo,      stīge nearwe,
+     enge ān-paðas,      un-cūð gelād,
+     neowle næssas,      nicor-hūsa fela;
+     hē fēara sum      beforan gengde
+     wīsra monna,      wong scēawian,
+1415 oð þæt hē fǣringa      fyrgen-bēamas
+     ofer hārne stān      hleonian funde,
+     wyn-lēasne wudu;      wæter under stōd
+     drēorig and gedrēfed.      Denum eallum wæs,
+     winum Scyldinga,      weorce on mōde,
+1420 tō geþolianne      þegne monegum,
+     oncȳð eorla gehwǣm,      syððan Æsc-heres
+     on þām holm-clife      hafelan mētton.
+     Flōd blōde wēol      (folc tō sǣgon)
+     hātan heolfre.      Horn stundum song
+1425 fūslīc fyrd-lēoð.      Fēða eal gesæt;
+     gesāwon þā æfter wætere      wyrm-cynnes fela,
+     sellīce sǣ-dracan      sund cunnian,
+     swylce on næs-hleoðum      nicras licgean,
+     þā on undern-mǣl      oft bewitigað
+1430 sorh-fulne sīð      on segl-rāde,
+     wyrmas and wil-dēor;      hīe on weg hruron
+     bitere and gebolgne,      bearhtm ongeāton,
+     gūð-horn galan.      Sumne Gēata lēod
+     of flān-bogan      fēores getwǣfde,
+1435 ȳð-gewinnes,      þæt him on aldre stōd
+     here-strǣl hearda;      hē on holme wæs
+     sundes þē sǣnra,      þē hyne swylt fornam.
+     Hræðe wearð on ȳðum      mid eofer-sprēotum
+     heoro-hōcyhtum      hearde genearwod,
+1440 nīða genǣged      and on næs togen
+     wundorlīc wǣg-bora;      weras scēawedon
+     gryrelīcne gist.      Gyrede hine Bēowulf
+     eorl-gewǣdum,      nalles for ealdre mearn:
+     scolde here-byrne      hondum gebrōden,
+1445 sīd and searo-fāh,      sund cunnian,
+     sēo þe bān-cofan      beorgan cūðe,
+     þæt him hilde-grāp      hreðre ne mihte,
+     eorres inwit-feng,      aldre gesceððan;
+     ac se hwīta helm      hafelan werede,
+1450 sē þe mere-grundas      mengan scolde,
+     sēcan sund-gebland      since geweorðad,
+     befongen frēa-wrāsnum,      swā hine fyrn-dagum
+     worhte wǣpna smið,      wundrum tēode,
+     besette swīn-līcum,      þæt hine syððan nō
+1455 brond nē beado-mēcas      bītan ne meahton.
+     Næs þæt þonne mǣtost      mægen-fultuma,
+     þæt him on þearfe lāh      þyle Hrōðgāres;
+     wæs þǣm hæft-mēce      Hrunting nama,
+     þæt wæs ān foran      eald-gestrēona;
+1460 ecg wæs īren      āter-tēarum fāh,
+     āhyrded heaðo-swāte;      nǣfre hit æt hilde ne swāc
+     manna ǣngum      þāra þe hit mid mundum bewand,
+     sē þe gryre-sīðas      gegān dorste,
+     folc-stede fāra;      næs þæt forma sīð,
+1465 þæt hit ellen-weorc      æfnan scolde.
+     Hūru ne gemunde      mago Ecglāfes
+     eafoðes cræftig,      þæt hē ǣr gespræc
+     wīne druncen,      þā hē þæs wǣpnes onlāh
+     sēlran sweord-frecan:      selfa ne dorste
+1470 under ȳða gewin      aldre genēðan,
+     driht-scype drēogan;      þǣr hē dōme forlēas,
+     ellen-mǣrðum.      Ne wæs þǣm ōðrum swā,
+     syððan hē hine tō gūðe      gegyred hæfde.
+
+
+XXIII. THE BATTLE WITH THE WATER-DRAKE.
+
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+1475 "geþenc nū, se mǣra      maga Healfdenes,
+     "snottra fengel,      nū ic eom sīðes fūs,
+     "gold-wine gumena,      hwæt wit geō sprǣcon,
+     "gif ic æt þearfe      þīnre scolde
+     "aldre linnan,      þæt þū mē ā wǣre
+1480 "forð-gewitenum      on fæder stǣle;
+     "wes þū mund-bora mīnum      mago-þegnum,
+     "hond-gesellum,      gif mec hild nime:
+     "swylce þū þā mādmas,      þē þū mē sealdest,
+     "Hrōðgār lēofa,      Higelāce onsend.
+1485 "Mæg þonne on þǣm golde ongitan      Gēata dryhten,
+     "gesēon sunu Hrēðles,      þonne hē on þæt sinc starað,
+     "þæt ic gum-cystum      gōdne funde
+     "bēaga bryttan,      brēac þonne mōste.
+     "And þū Unferð lǣt      ealde lāfe,
+1490 "wrǣtlīc wǣg-sweord      wīd-cūðne man
+     "heard-ecg habban;      ic mē mid Hruntinge
+     "dōm gewyrce,      oððe mec dēað nimeð."
+     Æfter þǣm wordum      Weder-Gēata lēod
+     efste mid elne,      nalas andsware
+1495 bīdan wolde;      brim-wylm onfēng
+     hilde-rince.      Þā wæs hwīl dæges,
+     ǣr hē þone grund-wong      ongytan mehte.
+     Sōna þæt onfunde,      sē þe flōda begong
+     heoro-gīfre behēold      hund missēra,
+1500 grim and grǣdig,      þæt þǣr gumena sum
+     æl-wihta eard      ufan cunnode.
+     Grāp þā tōgēanes,      gūð-rinc gefēng
+     atolan clommum;      nō þȳ ǣr in gescōd
+     hālan līce:      hring ūtan ymb-bearh,
+1505 þæt hēo þone fyrd-hom      þurh-fōn ne mihte,
+     locene leoðo-syrcan      lāðan fingrum.
+     Bær þā sēo brim-wylf,      þā hēo tō botme cōm,
+     hringa þengel      tō hofe sīnum,
+     swā hē ne mihte nō      (hē þæs mōdig wæs)
+1510 wǣpna gewealdan,      ac hine wundra þæs fela
+     swencte on sunde,      sǣ-dēor monig
+     hilde-tūxum      here-syrcan bræc,
+     ēhton āglǣcan.      Þā se eorl ongeat,
+     þæt hē in nið-sele      nāt-hwylcum wæs,
+1515 þǣr him nǣnig wæter      wihte ne sceðede,
+     nē him for hrōf-sele      hrīnan ne mehte
+     fǣr-gripe flōdes:      fȳr-lēoht geseah,
+     blācne lēoman      beorhte scīnan.
+     Ongeat þā se gōda      grund-wyrgenne,
+1520 mere-wīf mihtig;      mægen-rǣs forgeaf
+     hilde-bille,      hond swenge ne oftēah,
+     þæt hire on hafelan      hring-mǣl āgōl
+     grǣdig gūð-lēoð.      Þā se gist onfand,
+     þæt se beado-lēoma      bītan nolde,
+1525 aldre sceððan,      ac sēo ecg geswāc
+     þēodne æt þearfe:      þolode ǣr fela
+     hond-gemōta,      helm oft gescær,
+     fǣges fyrd-hrægl:      þæt wæs forma sīð
+     dēorum māðme,      þæt his dōm ālæg.
+1530 Eft wæs ān-rǣd,      nalas elnes læt,
+     mǣrða gemyndig      mǣg Hygelāces;
+     wearp þā wunden-mǣl      wrǣttum gebunden
+     yrre ōretta,      þæt hit on eorðan læg,
+     stīð and stȳl-ecg;      strenge getruwode,
+1535 mund-gripe mægenes.      Swā sceal man dōn,
+     þonne hē æt gūðe      gegān þenceð
+     longsumne lof,      nā ymb his līf cearað.
+     Gefēng þā be eaxle      (nalas for fǣhðe mearn)
+     Gūð-Gēata lēod      Grendles mōdor;
+1540 brægd þā beadwe heard,      þā hē gebolgen wæs,
+     feorh-genīðlan,      þæt hēo on flet gebēah.
+     Hēo him eft hraðe      and-lēan forgeald
+     grimman grāpum      and him tōgēanes fēng;
+     oferwearp þā wērig-mōd      wigena strengest,
+1545 fēðe-cempa,      þæt hē on fylle wearð.
+     Ofsæt þā þone sele-gyst      and hyre seaxe getēah,
+     brād and brūn-ecg      wolde hire bearn wrecan,
+     āngan eaferan.      Him on eaxle læg
+     brēost-net brōden;      þæt gebearh fēore,
+1550 wið ord and wið ecge      ingang forstōd.
+     Hæfde þā forsīðod      sunu Ecgþēowes
+     under gynne grund,      Gēata cempa,
+     nemne him heaðo-byrne      helpe gefremede,
+     here-net hearde,      and hālig god
+1555 gewēold wīg-sigor,      wītig drihten;
+     rodera rǣdend      hit on ryht gescēd,
+     ȳðelīce      syððan hē eft āstōd.
+
+
+XXIV. BĒOWULF SLAYS THE SPRITE.
+
+     Geseah þā on searwum      sige-ēadig bil,
+     eald sweord eotenisc      ecgum þȳhtig,
+1560 wigena weorð-mynd:      þæt wæs wǣpna cyst,
+     būton hit wæs māre      þonne ǣnig mon ōðer
+     tō beadu-lāce      ætberan meahte
+     gōd and geatolīc      gīganta geweorc.
+     Hē gefēng þā fetel-hilt,      freca Scildinga,
+1565 hrēoh and heoro-grim      hring-mǣl gebrægd,
+     aldres orwēna,      yrringa slōh,
+     þæt hire wið halse      heard grāpode,
+     bān-hringas bræc,      bil eal þurh-wōd
+     fǣgne flǣsc-homan,      hēo on flet gecrong;
+1570 sweord wæs swātig,      secg weorce gefeh.
+     Līxte se lēoma,      lēoht inne stōd,
+     efne swā of hefene      hādre scīneð
+     rodores candel.      Hē æfter recede wlāt,
+     hwearf þā be wealle,      wǣpen hafenade
+1575 heard be hiltum      Higelāces þegn,
+     yrre and ān-rǣd.      Næs sēo ecg fracod
+     hilde-rince,      ac hē hraðe wolde
+     Grendle forgyldan      gūð-rǣsa fela
+     þāra þe hē geworhte      tō West-Denum
+1580 oftor micle      þonne on ǣnne sīð,
+     þonne hē Hrōðgāres      heorð-genēatas
+     slōh on sweofote,      slǣpende fræt
+     folces Denigea      fȳf-tȳne men
+     and ōðer swylc      ūt of-ferede,
+1585 lāðlīcu lāc.      Hē him þæs lēan forgeald,
+     rēðe cempa,      tō þæs þe hē on ræste geseah
+     gūð-wērigne      Grendel licgan,
+     aldor-lēasne,      swā him ǣr gescōd
+     hild æt Heorote;      hrā wīde sprong,
+1590 syððan hē æfter dēaðe      drepe þrowade,
+     heoro-sweng heardne,      and hine þā hēafde becearf,
+     Sōna þæt gesāwon      snottre ceorlas,
+     þā þe mid Hrōðgāre      on holm wliton,
+     þæt wæs ȳð-geblond      eal gemenged,
+1595 brim blōde fāh:      blonden-feaxe
+     gomele ymb gōdne      ongeador sprǣcon,
+     þæt hig þæs æðelinges      eft ne wēndon,
+     þæt hē sige-hrēðig      sēcean cōme
+     mǣrne þēoden;      þā þæs monige gewearð,
+1600 þæt hine sēo brim-wylf      ābroten hæfde.
+     Þā cōm nōn dæges.      Næs ofgēafon
+     hwate Scyldingas; gewāt him hām þonon
+     gold-wine gumena.      Gistas sētan,
+     mōdes sēoce,      and on mere staredon,
+1605 wiston and ne wēndon,      þæt hīe heora wine-drihten
+     selfne gesāwon.      Þā þæt sweord ongan
+     æfter heaðo-swāte      hilde-gicelum
+     wīg-bil wanian;      þæt wæs wundra sum,
+     þæt hit eal gemealt      īse gelīcost,
+1610 þonne forstes bend      fæder onlǣteð,
+     onwindeð wæl-rāpas,      sē þe geweald hafað
+     sǣla and mǣla;      þæt is sōð metod.
+     Ne nom hē in þǣm wīcum,      Weder-Gēata lēod,
+     māðm-ǣhta mā,      þēh hē þǣr monige geseah,
+1615 būton þone hafelan      and þā hilt somod,
+     since fāge;      sweord ǣr gemealt,
+     forbarn brōden mǣl:      wæs þæt blōd tō þæs hāt,
+     ǣttren ellor-gǣst,      sē þǣr inne swealt.
+     Sōna wæs on sunde,      sē þe ǣr æt sæcce gebād
+1620 wīg-hryre wrāðra,      wæter up þurh-dēaf;
+     wǣron ȳð-gebland      eal gefǣlsod,
+     ēacne eardas,      þā se ellor-gāst
+     oflēt līf-dagas      and þās lǣnan gesceaft.
+     Cōm þā tō lande      lid-manna helm
+1625 swīð-mōd swymman,      sǣ-lāce gefeah,
+     mægen-byrðenne      þāra þe hē him mid hæfde.
+     Ēodon him þā tōgēanes,      gode þancodon,
+     þrȳðlīc þegna hēap,      þēodnes gefēgon,
+     þæs þe hī hyne gesundne      gesēon mōston.
+1630 Þā wæs of þǣm hrōran      helm and byrne
+     lungre ālȳsed:      lagu drūsade,
+     wæter under wolcnum,      wæl-drēore fāg.
+     Fērdon forð þonon      fēðe-lāstum
+     ferhðum fægne,      fold-weg mǣton,
+1635 cūðe strǣte;      cyning-balde men
+     from þǣm holm-clife      hafelan bǣron
+     earfoðlīce      heora ǣghwæðrum
+     fela-mōdigra:      fēower scoldon
+     on ðæm wæl-stenge      weorcum geferian
+1640 tō þǣm gold-sele      Grendles hēafod,
+     oð þæt semninga      tō sele cōmon
+     frome fyrd-hwate      fēower-tȳne
+     Gēata gongan;      gum-dryhten mid
+     mōdig on gemonge      meodo-wongas træd.
+1645 Þā cōm in gān      ealdor þegna,
+     dǣd-cēne mon      dōme gewurðad,
+     hæle hilde-dēor.      Hrōðgār grētan:
+     Þā wæs be feaxe      on flet boren
+     Grendles hēafod,      þǣr guman druncon,
+1650 egeslīc for eorlum      and þǣre idese mid:
+     wlite-sēon wrǣtlīc      weras onsāwon.
+
+
+XXV. HROTHGAR'S GRATITUDE: HE DISCOURSES.
+
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+     "Hwæt! wē þē þās sǣ-lāc,      sunu Healfdenes,
+     "lēod Scyldinga,      lustum brōhton,
+1655 "tīres tō tācne,      þē þū hēr tō lōcast.
+     "Ic þæt unsōfte      ealdre gedīgde:
+     "wigge under wætere      weorc genēðde
+     "earfoðlīce,      æt-rihte wæs
+     "gūð getwǣfed,      nymðe mec god scylde.
+1660 "Ne meahte ic æt hilde      mid Hruntinge
+     "wiht gewyrcan,      þēah þæt wǣpen duge,
+     "ac mē geūðe      ylda waldend,
+     "þæt ic on wāge geseah      wlitig hangian
+     "eald sweord ēacen      (oftost wīsode
+1665 "winigea lēasum)      þæt ic þȳ wǣpne gebrǣ.
+     "Ofslōh þā æt þǣre sæcce      (þā mē sǣl āgeald)
+     "hūses hyrdas.      Þā þæt hilde-bil
+     "forbarn, brogden mǣl,      swā þæt blōd gesprang,
+     "hātost heaðo-swāta:      ic þæt hilt þanan
+1670 "fēondum ætferede;      fyren-dǣda wræc,
+     "dēað-cwealm Denigea,      swā hit gedēfe wæs.
+     "Ic hit þē þonne gehāte,      þæt þū on Heorote mōst
+     "sorh-lēas swefan      mid þīnra secga gedryht,
+     "and þegna gehwylc      þīnra lēoda,
+1675 "duguðe and iogoðe,      þæt þū him ondrǣdan ne þearft,
+     "þēoden Scyldinga,      on þā healfe,
+     "aldor-bealu eorlum,      swā þū ǣr dydest."
+     Þā wæs gylden hilt      gamelum rince.
+     hārum hild-fruman,      on hand gyfen,
+1680 enta ǣr-geweorc,      hit on ǣht gehwearf
+     æfter dēofla hryre      Denigea frēan,
+     wundor-smiða geweorc,      and þā þās worold ofgeaf
+     grom-heort guma,      godes andsaca,
+     morðres scyldig,      and his mōdor ēac;
+1685 on geweald gehwearf      worold-cyninga
+     þǣm sēlestan      be sǣm twēonum
+     þāra þe on Sceden-igge      sceattas dǣlde.
+     Hrōðgār maðelode,      hylt scēawode,
+     ealde lāfe,      on þǣm wæs ōr writen
+1690 fyrn-gewinnes:      syððan flōd ofslōh,
+     gifen gēotende,      gīganta cyn,
+     frēcne gefērdon:      þæt wæs fremde þēod
+     ēcean dryhtne,      him þæs ende-lēan
+     þurh wæteres wylm      waldend sealde.
+1695 Swā wæs on þǣm scennum      scīran goldes
+     þurh rūn-stafas      rihte gemearcod,
+     geseted and gesǣd,      hwām þæt sweord geworht,
+     īrena cyst      ǣrest wǣre,
+     wreoðen-hilt and wyrm-fāh.      þā se wīsa spræc
+1700 sunu Healfdenes      (swīgedon ealle):
+     "Þæt lā mæg secgan,      sē þe sōð and riht
+     "fremeð on folce,      (feor eal gemon
+     "eald ēðel-weard),      þæt þes eorl wǣre
+     "geboren betera!      Blǣd is ārǣred
+1705 "geond wīd-wegas,      wine mīn Bēowulf,
+     "þīn ofer þēoda gehwylce.      Eal þū hit geþyldum healdest,
+     "mægen mid mōdes snyttrum.      Ic þē sceal mīne gelǣstan
+     "frēode, swā wit furðum sprǣcon;      þū scealt tō frōfre weorðan
+     "eal lang-twidig      lēodum þīnum,
+1710 "hæleðum tō helpe.      Ne wearð Heremōd swā
+     "eaforum Ecgwelan,      Ār-Scyldingum;
+     "ne gewēox hē him tō willan,      ac tō wæl-fealle
+     "and tō dēað-cwalum      Deniga lēodum;
+     "brēat bolgen-mōd      bēod-genēatas,
+1715 "eaxl-gesteallan,      oð þæt hē āna hwearf,
+     "mǣre þēoden.      mon-drēamum from:
+     "þēah þe hine mihtig god      mægenes wynnum,
+     "eafeðum stēpte,      ofer ealle men
+     "forð gefremede,      hwæðere him on ferhðe grēow
+1720 "brēost-hord blōd-rēow:      nallas bēagas geaf
+     "Denum æfter dōme;      drēam-lēas gebād,
+     "þæt hē þæs gewinnes      weorc þrowade,
+     "lēod-bealo longsum.      Þū þē lǣr be þon,
+     "gum-cyste ongit!      ic þis gid be þē
+1725 "āwræc wintrum frōd.      Wundor is tō secganne,
+     "hū mihtig god      manna cynne
+     "þurh sīdne sefan      snyttru bryttað,
+     "eard and eorl-scipe,      hē āh ealra geweald.
+     "Hwīlum hē on lufan      lǣteð hworfan
+1730 "monnes mōd-geþonc      mǣran cynnes,
+     "seleð him on ēðle      eorðan wynne,
+     "tō healdanne      hlēo-burh wera,
+     "gedēð him swā gewealdene      worolde dǣlas,
+     "sīde rīce,      þæt hē his selfa ne mæg
+1735 "for his un-snyttrum      ende geþencean;
+     "wunað hē on wiste,      nō hine wiht dweleð,
+     "ādl nē yldo,      nē him inwit-sorh
+     "on sefan sweorceð,      nē gesacu ōhwǣr,
+     "ecg-hete ēoweð,      ac him eal worold
+1740 "wendeð on willan;      hē þæt wyrse ne con,
+     "oð þæt him on innan      ofer-hygda dǣl
+     "weaxeð and wridað,      þonne se weard swefeð,
+     "sāwele hyrde:      bið se slǣp tō fæst,
+     "bisgum gebunden,      bona swīðe nēah,
+1745 "sē þe of flān-bogan      fyrenum scēoteð.
+
+
+XXVI. THE DISCOURSE IS ENDED.-BĒOWULF PREPARES TO LEAVE.
+
+     "Þonne bið on hreðre      under helm drepen
+     "biteran strǣle:      him bebeorgan ne con
+     "wom wundor-bebodum      wergan gāstes;
+     "þinceð him tō lȳtel,      þæt hē tō lange hēold,
+1750 "gȳtsað grom-hȳdig,      nallas on gylp seleð
+     "fǣtte bēagas      and hē þā forð-gesceaft
+     "forgyteð and forgȳmeð,      þæs þe him ǣr god sealde
+     "wuldres waldend,      weorð-mynda dǣl.
+     "Hit on ende-stæf      eft gelimpeð,
+1755 "þæt se līc-homa      lǣne gedrēoseð,
+     "fǣge gefealleð;      fēhð ōðer tō,
+     "sē þe unmurnlīce      mādmas dǣleð,
+     "eorles ǣr-gestrēon,      egesan ne gȳmeð.
+     "Bebeorh þē þone bealo-nīð,      Bēowulf lēofa,
+1760 "secg se betsta,      and þē þæt sēlre gecēos,
+     "ēce rǣdas;      oferhȳda ne gȳm,
+     "mǣre cempa!      Nū is þīnes mægnes blǣd
+     "āne hwīle;      eft sōna bið,
+     "þæt þec ādl oððe ecg      eafoðes getwǣfeð,
+1765 "oððe fȳres feng      oððe flōdes wylm,
+     "oððe gripe mēces      oððe gāres fliht,
+     "oððe atol yldo,      oððe ēagena bearhtm
+     "forsiteð and forsworceð;      semninga bið,
+     "þæt þec, dryht-guma,      dēað oferswȳðeð.
+1770 "Swā ic Hring-Dena      hund missēra
+     "wēold under wolcnum,      and hig wigge belēac
+     "manigum mǣgða      geond þysne middan-geard,
+     "æscum and ecgum,      þæt ic mē ǣnigne
+     "under swegles begong      gesacan ne tealde.
+1775 "Hwæt! mē þæs on ēðle      edwenden cwōm,
+     "gyrn æfter gomene,      seoððan Grendel wearð,
+     "eald-gewinna,      in-genga mīn:
+     "ic þǣre sōcne      singāles wæg
+     "mōd-ceare micle.      Þæs sig metode þanc,
+1780 "ēcean drihtne,      þæs þe ic on aldre gebād,
+     "þæt ic on þone hafelan      heoro-drēorigne
+     "ofer eald gewin      ēagum starige!
+     "Gā nū tō setle,      symbel-wynne drēoh
+     "wīgge weorðad:      unc sceal worn fela
+1785 "māðma gemǣnra,      siððan morgen bið."
+     Gēat wæs glæd-mōd,      gēong sōna tō,
+     setles nēosan,      swā se snottra heht.
+     Þā wæs eft swā ǣr      ellen-rōfum,
+     flet-sittendum      fægere gereorded
+1790 nīowan stefne.      Niht-helm geswearc
+     deorc ofer dryht-gumum.      Duguð eal ārās;
+     wolde blonden-feax      beddes nēosan,
+     gamela Scylding.      Gēat ungemetes wēl,
+     rōfne rand-wigan      restan lyste:
+1795 sōna him sele-þegn      sīðes wērgum,
+     feorran-cundum      forð wīsade,
+     se for andrysnum      ealle beweotede
+     þegnes þearfe,      swylce þȳ dōgore
+     hēaðo-līðende      habban scoldon.
+1800 Reste hine þā rūm-heort;      reced hlīfade
+     gēap and gold-fāh,      gæst inne swæf,
+     oð þæt hrefn blaca      heofones wynne
+     blīð-heort bodode.      Þā cōm beorht sunne
+     scacan ofer grundas;      scaðan ōnetton,
+1805 wǣron æðelingas      eft tō lēodum
+     fūse tō farenne,      wolde feor þanon
+     cuma collen-ferhð      cēoles nēosan.
+     Heht þā se hearda      Hrunting beran,
+     sunu Ecglāfes,      heht his sweord niman,
+1810 lēoflīc īren;      sægde him þæs lēanes þanc,
+     cwæð hē þone gūð-wine      gōdne tealde,
+     wīg-cræftigne,      nales wordum lōg
+     mēces ecge:      þæt wæs mōdig secg.
+     And þā sīð-frome      searwum gearwe
+1815 wīgend wǣron,      ēode weorð Denum
+     æðeling tō yppan,      þǣr se ōðer wæs
+     hæle hilde-dēor,      Hrōðgār grētte.
+
+
+XXVII. THE PARTING WORDS.
+
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+     "Nū wē sǣ-līðend      secgan wyllað
+1820 "feorran cumene,      þæt wē fundiað
+     "Higelāc sēcan.      Wǣron hēr tela
+     "willum bewenede;      þū ūs wēl dohtest.
+     "Gif ic þonne on eorðan      ōwihte mæg
+     "þīnre mōd-lufan      māran tilian,
+1825 "gumena dryhten,      þonne ic gȳt dyde,
+     "gūð-geweorca      ic bēo gearo sōna.
+     "Gif ic þæt gefricge      ofer flōda begang,
+     "þæt þec ymbe-sittend      egesan þȳwað,
+     "swā þec hetende      hwīlum dydon,
+1830 "ic þē þūsenda      þegna bringe,
+     "hæleða tō helpe.      Ic on Higelāce wāt,
+     "Gēata dryhten,      þēah þe hē geong sȳ,
+     "folces hyrde,      þæt hē mec fremman wile
+     "wordum and worcum,      þæt ic þē wēl herige,
+1835 "and þē tō gēoce      gār-holt bere
+     "mægenes fultum,      þǣr þē bið manna þearf;
+     "gif him þonne Hrēðrīc      tō hofum Gēata
+     "geþingeð, þēodnes bearn,      hē mæg þǣr fela
+     "frēonda findan:      feor-cȳððe bēoð
+1840 "sēlran gesōhte      þǣm þe him selfa dēah."
+     Hrōðgār maðelode      him on andsware:
+     "Þē þā word-cwydas      wittig drihten
+     "on sefan sende!      ne hȳrde ic snotorlīcor
+     "on swā geongum feore      guman þingian:
+1845 "þū eart mægenes strang      and on mōde frōd,
+     "wīs word-cwida.      Wēn ic talige,
+     "gif þæt gegangeð,      þæt þe gār nymeð,
+     "hild heoru-grimme      Hrēðles eaferan,
+     "ādl oððe īren      ealdor þīnne,
+1850 "folces hyrde,      and þū þīn feorh hafast,
+     "þæt þe Sǣ-Gēatas      sēlran næbben
+     "tō gecēosenne      cyning ǣnigne,
+     "hord-weard hæleða,      gif þū healdan wylt
+     "māga rīce.      Mē þīn mōd-sefa
+1855 "līcað leng swā wēl,      lēofa Bēowulf:
+     "hafast þū gefēred,      þæt þām folcum sceal,
+     "Gēata lēodum      and Gār-Denum
+     "sib gemǣnum      and sacu restan,
+     "inwit-nīðas,      þē hīe ǣr drugon;
+1860 "wesan, þenden ic wealde      wīdan rīces,
+     "māðmas gemǣne,      manig ōðerne
+     "gōdum gegrētan      ofer ganotes bæð;
+     "sceal hring-naca      ofer hēaðu bringan
+     "lāc and luf-tācen.      Ic þā lēode wāt
+1865 "gē wið fēond gē wið frēond      fæste geworhte
+     "ǣghwæs untǣle      ealde wīsan."
+     Þā gīt him eorla hlēo      inne gesealde,
+     mago Healfdenes      māðmas twelfe,
+     hēt hine mid þǣm lācum      lēode swǣse
+1870 sēcean on gesyntum,      snūde eft cuman.
+     Gecyste þā      cyning æðelum gōd,
+     þēoden Scildinga,      þegen betstan
+     and be healse genam;      hruron him tēaras,
+     blonden-feaxum:      him wæs bēga wēn,
+1875 ealdum infrōdum,      ōðres swīðor,
+     þæt hī seoððan      gesēon mōston
+     mōdige on meðle.      Wæs him se man tō þon lēof,
+     þæt hē þone brēost-wylm      forberan ne mehte,
+     ac him on hreðre      hyge-bendum fæst
+1880 æfter dēorum men      dyrne langað
+     beorn wið blōde.      Him Bēowulf þanan,
+     gūð-rinc gold-wlanc      græs-moldan træd,
+     since hrēmig:      sǣ-genga bād
+     āgend-frēan,      sē þe on ancre rād.
+1885 Þā wæs on gange      gifu Hrōðgāres
+     oft geæhted:      þæt wæs ān cyning
+     ǣghwæs orleahtre,      oð þæt hine yldo benam
+     mægenes wynnum,      sē þe oft manegum scōd.
+
+
+XXVIII. BĒOWULF RETURNS TO GEATLAND.-THE QUEENS HYGD AND THRYTHO.
+
+     Cwōm þā tō flōde      fela-mōdigra
+1890 hæg-stealdra hēap;      hring-net bǣron,
+     locene leoðo-syrcan.      Land-weard onfand
+     eft-sīð eorla,      swā hē ǣr dyde;
+     nō hē mid hearme      of hlīðes nosan
+     gæstas grētte,      ac him tōgēanes rād;
+1895 cwæð þæt wilcuman      Wedera lēodum
+     scawan scīr-hame      tō scipe fōron.
+     Þā wæs on sande      sǣ-gēap naca
+     hladen here-wǣdum,      hringed-stefna
+     mēarum and māðmum:      mæst hlīfade
+1900 ofer Hrōðgāres      hord-gestrēonum.
+     Hē þǣm bāt-wearde      bunden golde
+     swurd gesealde,      þæt hē syððan wæs
+     on meodu-bence      māðme þȳ weorðra,
+     yrfe-lāfe.      Gewāt him on ȳð-nacan,
+1905 drēfan dēop wæter,      Dena land ofgeaf.
+     Þā wæs be mæste      mere-hrægla sum,
+     segl sāle fæst.      Sund-wudu þunede,
+     nō þǣr wēg-flotan      wind ofer ȳðum
+     sīðes getwǣfde;      sǣ-genga fōr,
+1910 flēat fāmig-heals      forð ofer ȳðe,
+     bunden-stefna      ofer brim-strēamas,
+     þæt hīe Gēata clifu      ongitan meahton,
+     cūðe næssas.      Cēol up geþrang,
+     lyft-geswenced      on lande stōd.
+1915 Hraðe wæs æt holme      hȳð-weard gearo,
+     sē þe ǣr lange tīd,      lēofra manna
+     fūs, æt faroðe      feor wlātode;
+     sǣlde tō sande      sīd-fæðme scip
+     oncer-bendum fæst,      þȳ lǣs hym ȳða þrym
+1920 wudu wynsuman      forwrecan meahte.
+     Hēt þā up beran      æðelinga gestrēon,
+     frætwe and fǣt-gold;      næs him feor þanon
+     tō gesēcanne      sinces bryttan:
+     Higelāc Hrēðling      þǣr æt hām wunað,
+1925 selfa mid gesīðum      sǣ-wealle nēah;
+     bold wæs betlīc,      brego-rōf cyning,
+     hēa on healle,      Hygd swīðe geong,
+     wīs, wēl-þungen,      þēah þe wintra lȳt
+     under burh-locan      gebiden hæbbe
+1930 Hæreðes dōhtor:      næs hīo hnāh swā þēah,
+     nē tō gnēað gifa      Gēata lēodum,
+     māðm-gestrēona.      Mod Þrȳðo wæg,
+     fremu folces cwēn,      firen ondrysne:
+     nǣnig þæt dorste      dēor genēðan
+1935 swǣsra gesīða,      nefne sin-frēa,
+     þæt hire an dæges      ēagum starede;
+     ac him wæl-bende      weotode tealde,
+     hand-gewriðene:      hraðe seoððan wæs
+     æfter mund-gripe      mēce geþinged,
+1940 þæt hit sceaðen-mǣl      scȳran mōste,
+     cwealm-bealu cȳðan.      Ne bið swylc cwēnlīc þēaw
+     idese tō efnanne,      þēah þe hīo ǣnlīcu sȳ,
+     þætte freoðu-webbe      fēores onsæce
+     æfter līge-torne      lēofne mannan.
+1945 Hūru þæt onhōhsnode      Heminges mǣg;
+     ealo drincende      ōðer sǣdan,
+     þæt hīo lēod-bealewa      lǣs gefremede,
+     inwit-nīða,      syððan ǣrest wearð
+     gyfen gold-hroden      geongum cempan,
+1950 æðelum dīore,      syððan hīo Offan flet
+     ofer fealone flōd      be fæder lāre
+     sīðe gesōhte,      þǣr hīo syððan wēl
+     in gum-stōle,      gōde mǣre,
+     līf-gesceafta      lifigende brēac,
+1955 hīold hēah-lufan      wið hæleða brego,
+     ealles mon-cynnes      mīne gefrǣge
+     þone sēlestan      bī sǣm twēonum
+     eormen-cynnes;      forþām Offa wæs
+     geofum and gūðum      gār-cēne man,
+1960 wīde geweorðod;      wīsdōme hēold
+     ēðel sīnne,      þonon Ēomǣr wōc
+     hæleðum tō helpe,      Heminges mǣg,
+     nefa Gārmundes,      nīða cræftig.
+
+
+XXIX. HIS ARRIVAL. HYGELAC'S RECEPTION.
+
+     Gewāt him þā se hearda      mid his hond-scole
+1965 sylf æfter sande      sǣ-wong tredan,
+     wīde waroðas.      Woruld-candel scān,
+     sigel sūðan fūs:      hī sīð drugon,
+     elne geēodon,      tō þæs þe eorla hlēo,
+     bonan Ongenþēowes      burgum on innan,
+1970 geongne gūð-cyning      gōdne gefrūnon
+     hringas dǣlan.      Higelāce wæs
+     sīð Bēowulfes      snūde gecȳðed,
+     þæt þǣr on worðig      wīgendra hlēo,
+     lind-gestealla      lifigende cwōm,
+1975 heaðo-lāces hāl      tō hofe gongan.
+     Hraðe wæs gerȳmed,      swā se rīca bebēad,
+     fēðe-gestum      flet innan-weard.
+     Gesæt þā wið sylfne,      sē þā sæcce genæs,
+     mǣg wið mǣge,      syððan man-dryhten
+1980 þurh hlēoðor-cwyde      holdne gegrētte
+     mēaglum wordum.      Meodu-scencum
+     hwearf geond þæt reced      Hæreðes dōhtor:
+     lufode þā lēode,      līð-wǣge bær
+     hǣlum tō handa.      Higelāc ongan
+1985 sīnne geseldan      in sele þām hēan
+     fægre fricgean,      hyne fyrwet bræc,
+     hwylce Sǣ-Gēata      sīðas wǣron:
+     "Hū lomp ēow on lāde,      lēofa Bīowulf,
+     "þā þū fǣringa      feorr gehogodest,
+1990 "sæcce sēcean      ofer sealt wæter,
+     "hilde tō Hiorote?      Ac þū Hrōðgāre
+     "wīd-cūðne wēan      wihte gebēttest,
+     "mǣrum þēodne?      Ic þæs mōd-ceare
+     "sorh-wylmum sēað,      sīðe ne truwode
+1995 "lēofes mannes;      ic þē lange bæd,
+     "þæt þū þone wæl-gǣst      wihte ne grētte,
+     "lēte Sūð-Dene      sylfe geweorðan
+     "gūðe wið Grendel.      Gode ic þanc secge,
+     "þæs þe ic þē gesundne      gesēon mōste."
+2000 Bīowulf maðelode,      bearn Ecgþīowes:
+     "Þæt is undyrne,      dryhten Higelāc,
+     "mǣre gemēting      monegum fīra,
+     "hwylc orleg-hwīl      uncer Grendles
+     "wearð on þām wange,      þǣr hē worna fela
+2005 "Sige-Scildingum      sorge gefremede,
+     "yrmðe tō aldre;      ic þæt eal gewræc,
+     "swā ne gylpan þearf      Grendeles māga
+     "ǣnig ofer eorðan      ūht-hlem þone,
+     "sē þe lengest leofað      lāðan cynnes,
+2010 "fenne bifongen.      Ic þǣr furðum cwōm,
+     "tō þām hring-sele      Hrōðgār grētan:
+     "sōna mē se mǣra      mago Healfdenes,
+     "syððan hē mōd-sefan      mīnne cūðe,
+     "wið his sylfes sunu      setl getǣhte.
+2015 "Weorod wæs on wynne;      ne seah ic wīdan feorh
+     "under heofenes hwealf      heal-sittendra
+     "medu-drēam māran.      Hwīlum mǣru cwēn,
+     "friðu-sibb folca      flet eall geond-hwearf,
+     "bǣdde byre geonge;      oft hīo bēah-wriðan
+2020 "secge sealde,      ǣr hīo tō setle gēong.
+     "Hwīlum for duguðe      dōhtor Hrōðgāres
+     "eorlum on ende      ealu-wǣge bær,
+     "þā ic Frēaware      flet-sittende
+     "nemnan hȳrde,      þǣr hīo nægled sinc
+2025 "hæleðum sealde:      sīo gehāten wæs,
+     "geong gold-hroden,      gladum suna Frōdan;
+     "hafað þæs geworden      wine Scyldinga
+     "rīces hyrde      and þæt rǣd talað,
+     "þæt hē mid þȳ wīfe      wæl-fǣhða dǣl,
+2030 "sæcca gesette.      Oft nō seldan hwǣr
+     "æfter lēod-hryre      lȳtle hwīle
+     "bon-gār būgeð,      þēah sēo brȳd duge!
+
+
+XXX. BĒOWULF'S STORY OF THE SLAYINGS.
+
+     "Mæg þæs þonne ofþyncan      þēoden Heaðobeardna
+     "and þegna gehwām      þāra lēoda,
+2035 "þonne hē mid fǣmnan      on flett gǣð,
+     "dryht-bearn Dena      duguða biwenede:
+     "on him gladiað      gomelra lāfe
+     "heard and hring-mǣl,      Heaðobeardna gestrēon,
+     "þenden hīe þām wǣpnum      wealdan mōston,
+2040 "oð þæt hīe forlǣddan      tō þām lind-plegan
+     "swǣse gesīðas      ond hyra sylfra feorh.
+     "Þonne cwið æt bēore,      sē þe bēah gesyhð,
+     "eald æsc-wiga,      sē þe eall geman
+     "gār-cwealm gumena      (him bið grim sefa),
+2045 "onginneð geōmor-mōd      geongne cempan
+     "þurh hreðra gehygd      higes cunnian,
+     "wīg-bealu weccean      and þæt word ācwyð:
+     "'Meaht þū, mīn wine,      mēce gecnāwan,
+     "'þone þin fæder      tō gefeohte bær
+2050 "'under here-grīman      hindeman sīðe,
+     "'dȳre īren,      þǣr hyne Dene slōgon,
+     "'wēoldon wæl-stōwe,      syððan wiðer-gyld læg,
+     "'æfter hæleða hryre,      hwate Scyldungas?
+     "'Nu hēr þāra banena      byre nāt-hwylces,
+2055 "'frætwum hrēmig      on flet gǣð,
+     "'morðres gylpeð      and þone māððum byreð,
+     "'þone þe þū mid rihte      rǣdan sceoldest!'"
+     "Manað swā and myndgað      mǣla gehwylce
+     "sārum wordum,      oð þæt sǣl cymeð,
+2060 "þæt se fǣmnan þegn      fore fæder dǣdum
+     "æfter billes bite      blōd-fāg swefeð,
+     "ealdres scyldig;      him se ōðer þonan
+     "losað lifigende,      con him land geare.
+     "Þonne bīoð brocene      on bā healfe
+2065 "āð-sweord eorla;      syððan Ingelde
+     "weallað wæl-nīðas      and him wīf-lufan
+     "æfter cear-wælmum      cōlran weorðað.
+     "Þȳ ic Heaðobeardna      hyldo ne telge,
+     "dryht-sibbe dǣl      Denum unfǣcne,
+2070 "frēond-scipe fæstne.      Ic sceal forð sprecan
+     "gēn ymbe Grendel,      þæt þū geare cunne,
+     "sinces brytta,      tō hwan syððan wearð
+     "hond-rǣs hæleða.      Syððan heofones gim
+     "glād ofer grundas,      gæst yrre cwōm,
+2075 "eatol ǣfen-grom,      ūser nēosan,
+     "þǣr wē gesunde      sæl weardodon;
+     "þǣr wæs Hondscīo      hild onsǣge,
+     "feorh-bealu fǣgum,      hē fyrmest læg,
+     "gyrded cempa;      him Grendel wearð,
+2080 "mǣrum magu-þegne      tō mūð-bonan,
+     "lēofes mannes      līc eall forswealg.
+     "Nō þȳ ǣr ūt þā gēn      īdel-hende
+     "bona blōdig-tōð      bealewa gemyndig,
+     "of þām gold-sele      gongan wolde,
+2085 "ac hē mægnes rōf      mīn costode,
+     "grāpode gearo-folm.      Glōf hangode
+     "sīd and syllīc      searo-bendum fæst,
+     "sīo wæs orþoncum      eall gegyrwed
+     "dēofles cræftum      and dracan fellum:
+2090 "hē mec þǣr on innan      unsynnigne,
+     "dīor dǣd-fruma,      gedōn wolde,
+     "manigra sumne:      hyt ne mihte swā,
+     "syððan ic on yrre      upp-riht āstōd.
+     "Tō lang ys tō reccenne,      hū ic þām lēod-sceaðan
+2095 "yfla gehwylces      ond-lēan forgeald;
+     "þǣr ic, þēoden mīn,      þīne lēode
+     "weorðode weorcum.      Hē on weg losade,
+     "lȳtle hwīle      līf-wynna brēac;
+     "hwæðre him sīo swīðre      swaðe weardade
+2100 "hand on Hiorte      and hē hēan þonan,
+     "mōdes geōmor      mere-grund gefēoll.
+     "Mē þone wæl-rǣs      wine Scildunga
+     "fǣttan golde      fela lēanode,
+     "manegum māðmum,      syððan mergen cōm
+2105 "and wē tō symble      geseten hæfdon.
+     "Þǣr wæs gidd and glēo;      gomela Scilding
+     "fela fricgende      feorran rehte;
+     "hwīlum hilde-dēor      hearpan wynne,
+     "gomen-wudu grētte;      hwīlum gyd āwræc
+2110 "sōð and sārlīc;      hwīlum syllīc spell
+     "rehte æfter rihte      rūm-heort cyning.
+     "Hwīlum eft ongan      eldo gebunden,
+     "gomel gūð-wiga      gioguðe cwīðan
+     "hilde-strengo;      hreðer inne wēoll,
+2115 "þonne hē wintrum frōd      worn gemunde.
+     "Swā wē þǣr inne      andlangne dæg
+     "nīode nāman,      oð þæt niht becwōm
+     "ōðer tō yldum.      Þā wæs eft hraðe
+     "gearo gyrn-wræce      Grendeles mōdor,
+2120 "sīðode sorh-full;      sunu dēað fornam,
+     "wīg-hete Wedra.      Wīf unhȳre
+     "hyre bearn gewræc,      beorn ācwealde
+     "ellenlīce;      þǣr wæs Æsc-here,
+     "frōdan fyrn-witan,      feorh ūðgenge;
+2125 "nōðer hȳ hine ne mōston,      syððan mergen cwōm,
+     "dēað-wērigne      Denia lēode
+     "bronde forbærnan,      nē on bǣl hladan
+     "lēofne mannan:      hīo þæt līc ætbær
+     "fēondes fæðmum      under firgen-strēam.
+2130 "Þæt wæs Hrōðgāre      hrēowa tornost
+     "þāra þe lēod-fruman      lange begeāte;
+     "þā se þēoden mec      þīne līfe
+     "healsode hrēoh-mōd,      þæt ic on holma geþring
+     "eorl-scipe efnde,      ealdre genēðde,
+2135 "mǣrðo fremede:      hē mē mēde gehēt.
+     "Ic þā þæs wælmes,      þē is wīde cūð,
+     "grimne gryrelīcne      grund-hyrde fond.
+     "Þǣr unc hwīle wæs      hand gemǣne;
+     "holm heolfre wēoll      and ic hēafde becearf
+2140 "in þām grund-sele      Grendeles mōdor
+     "ēacnum ecgum,      unsōfte þonan
+     "feorh oðferede;      næs ic fǣge þā gȳt,
+     "ac mē eorla hlēo      eft gesealde
+     "māðma menigeo,      maga Healfdenes.
+
+
+XXXI. HE GIVES PRESENTS TO HYGELAC. HYGELAC REWARDS HIM. HYGELAC'S DEATH. BĒOWULF REIGNS.
+
+2145 "Swā se þēod-kyning      þēawum lyfde;
+     "nealles ic þām lēanum      forloren hæfde,
+     "mægnes mēde,      ac hē mē māðmas geaf,
+     "sunu Healfdenes,      on sīnne sylfes dōm;
+     "þā ic þē, beorn-cyning,      bringan wylle,
+2150 "ēstum geȳwan.      Gēn is eall æt þē
+     "lissa gelong:      ic lȳt hafo
+     "hēafod-māga,      nefne Hygelāc þec!"
+     Hēt þā in beran      eafor, hēafod-segn,
+     heaðo-stēapne helm,      hāre byrnan,
+2155 gūð-sweord geatolīc,      gyd æfter wræc:
+     "Mē þis hilde-sceorp      Hrōðgār sealde,
+     "snotra fengel,      sume worde hēt,
+     "þæt ic his ǣrest      þē eft gesægde,
+     "cwæð þæt hyt hæfde      Hiorogār cyning,
+2160 "lēod Scyldunga      lange hwīle:
+     "nō þȳ ǣr suna sīnum      syllan wolde,
+     "hwatum Heorowearde,      þēah hē him hold wǣre,
+     "brēost-gewǣdu.      Brūc ealles well!"
+     Hȳrde ic þæt þām frætwum      fēower mēaras
+2165 lungre gelīce      lāst weardode,
+     æppel-fealuwe;      hē him ēst getēah
+     mēara and māðma.      Swā sceal mǣg dōn,
+     nealles inwit-net      ōðrum bregdan,
+     dyrnum cræfte      dēað rēnian
+2170 hond-gesteallan.      Hygelāce wæs,
+     nīða heardum,      nefa swȳðe hold
+     and gehwæðer ōðrum      hrōðra gemyndig.
+     Hȳrde ic þæt hē þone heals-bēah      Hygde gesealde,
+     wrǣtlīcne wundur-māððum,      þone þe him Wealhþēo geaf,
+2175 þēodnes dōhtor,      þrīo wicg somod
+     swancor and sadol-beorht;      hyre syððan wæs
+     æfter bēah-þege      brēost geweorðod.
+     Swā bealdode      bearn Ecgþēowes,
+     guma gūðum cūð,      gōdum dǣdum,
+2180 drēah æfter dōme,      nealles druncne slōg
+     heorð-genēatas;      næs him hrēoh sefa,
+     ac hē man-cynnes      mǣste cræfte
+     gin-fæstan gife,      þē him god sealde,
+     hēold hilde-dēor.      Hēan wæs lange,
+2185 swā hyne Gēata bearn      gōdne ne tealdon,
+     nē hyne on medo-bence      micles wyrðne
+     drihten wereda      gedōn wolde;
+     swȳðe oft sægdon,      þæt hē slēac wǣre,
+     æðeling unfrom:      edwenden cwōm
+2190 tīr-ēadigum menn      torna gehwylces.
+     Hēt þā eorla hlēo      in gefetian,
+     heaðo-rōf cyning,      Hrēðles lāfe,
+     golde gegyrede;      næs mid Gēatum þā
+     sinc-māððum sēlra      on sweordes hād;
+2195 þæt hē on Bīowulfes      bearm ālegde,
+     and him gesealde      seofan þūsendo,
+     bold and brego-stōl.      Him wæs bām samod
+     on þām lēod-scipe      lond gecynde,
+     eard ēðel-riht,      ōðrum swīðor
+2200 sīde rīce,      þām þǣr sēlra wæs.
+     Eft þæt geīode      ufaran dōgrum
+     hilde-hlæmmum,      syððan Hygelāc læg
+     and Heardrēde      hilde-mēceas
+     under bord-hrēoðan      tō bonan wurdon,
+2205 þā hyne gesōhtan      on sige-þēode
+     hearde hilde-frecan,      Heaðo-Scilfingas,
+     nīða genǣgdan      nefan Hererīces.
+     Syððan Bēowulfe      brāde rīce
+     on hand gehwearf:      hē gehēold tela
+2210 fīftig wintru      (wæs þā frōd cyning,
+     eald ēðel-weard),      oð þæt ān ongan
+     deorcum nihtum      draca rīcsian,
+     sē þe on hēare hǣðe      hord beweotode,
+     stān-beorh stēapne:      stīg under læg,
+2215 eldum uncūð.      Þǣr on innan gīong
+     niða nāt-hwylces      nēode gefēng
+     hǣðnum horde      hond . d . . geþ . . hwylc
+     since fāhne,      hē þæt syððan . . . . .
+     . . . þ . . . lð . þ . . l . g
+2220 slǣpende be fȳre,      fyrena hyrde
+     þēofes cræfte,      þæt sie . . . . ðioð . . . . .
+     . idh . folc-beorn,      þæt hē gebolgen wæs.
+
+
+XXXII. THE FIRE-DRAKE. THE HOARD.
+
+     Nealles mid geweoldum      wyrm-horda . . . cræft
+     sōhte sylfes willum,      sē þe him sāre gesceōd,
+2225 ac for þrēa-nēdlan      þēow nāt-hwylces
+     hæleða bearna      hete-swengeas flēah,
+     for ofer-þearfe      and þǣr inne fealh
+     secg syn-bysig.      Sōna in þā tīde
+     þæt . . . . . þām gyste      . . . . br . g . stōd,
+2230 hwæðre earm-sceapen . . . . . . .
+     . . ð . . . sceapen o . . . . i r . . e se fǣs begeat,
+     sinc-fæt geseah:      þǣr wæs swylcra fela
+     in þām eorð-scræfe      ǣr-gestrēona,
+     swā hȳ on geār-dagum      gumena nāt-hwylc
+2235 eormen-lāfe      æðelan cynnes
+     þanc-hycgende      þǣr gehȳdde,
+     dēore māðmas.      Ealle hīe dēað fornam
+     ǣrran mǣlum,      and se ān þā gēn
+     lēoda duguðe,      sē þǣr lengest hwearf,
+2240 weard wine-geōmor      wīscte þæs yldan,
+     þæt hē lȳtel fæc      long-gestrēona
+     brūcan mōste.      Beorh eal gearo
+     wunode on wonge      wæter-ȳðum nēah,
+     nīwe be næsse      nearo-cræftum fæst:
+2245 þǣr on innan bær      eorl-gestrēona
+     hringa hyrde      hard-fyrdne dǣl
+     fǣttan goldes,      fēa worda cwæð:
+     "Heald þū nū, hrūse,      nū hæleð ne mōston,
+     "eorla ǣhte.      Hwæt! hit ǣr on þē
+2250 "gōde begeāton;      gūð-dēað fornam,
+     "feorh-bealo frēcne      fȳra gehwylcne,
+     "lēoda mīnra,      þāra þe þis līf ofgeaf,
+     "gesāwon sele-drēam.      Nāh hwā sweord wege
+     "oððe fetige      fǣted wǣge,
+2255 "drync-fæt dēore:      duguð ellor scōc.
+     "Sceal se hearda helm      hyrsted golde
+     "fǣtum befeallen:      feormiend swefað,
+     "þā þe beado-grīman      bȳwan sceoldon,
+     "gē swylce sēo here-pād,      sīo æt hilde gebād
+2260 "ofer borda gebræc      bite īrena,
+     "brosnað æfter beorne.      Ne mæg byrnan hring
+     "æfter wīg-fruman      wīde fēran
+     "hæleðum be healfe;      næs hearpan wyn,
+     "gomen glēo-bēames,      nē gōd hafoc
+2265 "geond sæl swingeð,      nē se swifta mearh
+     "burh-stede bēateð.      Bealo-cwealm hafað
+     "fela feorh-cynna      feorr onsended!"
+     Swā giōmor-mōd      giohðo mǣnde,
+     ān æfter eallum      unblīðe hwēop,
+2270 dæges and nihtes,      oð þæt dēaðes wylm
+     hrān æt heortan.      Hord-wynne fond
+     eald ūht-sceaða      opene standan,
+     sē þe byrnende      biorgas sēceð
+     nacod nīð-draca,      nihtes flēogeð
+2275 fȳre befangen;      hyne fold-būend
+     wīde gesāwon.      Hē gēwunian sceall
+     hlāw under hrūsan,      þǣr hē hǣðen gold
+     warað wintrum frōd;      ne byð him wihte þē sēl.
+     Swā se þēod-sceaða      þrēo hund wintra
+2280 hēold on hrūsan      hord-ærna sum
+     ēacen-cræftig,      oð þæt hyne ān ābealh
+     mon on mōde:      man-dryhtne bær
+     fǣted wǣge,      frioðo-wǣre bæd
+     hlāford sīnne.      Þā wæs hord rāsod,
+2285 onboren bēaga hord,      bēne getīðad
+     fēa-sceaftum men.      Frēa scēawode
+     fīra fyrn-geweorc      forman sīðe.
+     Þā se wyrm onwōc,      wrōht wæs genīwad;
+     stonc þā æfter stāne,      stearc-heort onfand
+2290 fēondes fōt-lāst;      hē tō forð gestōp,
+     dyrnan cræfte,      dracan hēafde nēah.
+     Swā mæg unfǣge      ēaðe gedīgan
+     wēan and wræc-sīð,      sē þe waldendes
+     hyldo gehealdeð.      Hord-weard sōhte
+2295 georne æfter grunde,      wolde guman findan,
+     þone þe him on sweofote      sāre getēode:
+     hāt and hrēoh-mōd      hlǣw oft ymbe hwearf,
+     ealne ūtan-weardne;      nē þǣr ǣnig mon
+     wæs on þǣre wēstenne.      Hwæðre hilde gefeh,
+2300 beado-weorces:      hwīlum on beorh æthwearf,
+     sinc-fæt sōhte;      hē þæt sōna onfand,
+     þæt hæfde gumena sum      goldes gefandod
+     hēah-gestrēona.      Hord-weard onbād
+     earfoðlīce,      oð þæt ǣfen cwōm;
+2305 wæs þā gebolgen      beorges hyrde,
+     wolde se lāða      līge forgyldan
+     drinc-fæt dȳre.      Þā wæs dæg sceacen
+     wyrme on willan,      nō on wealle leng
+     bīdan wolde,      ac mid bǣle fōr,
+2310 fȳre gefȳsed.      Wæs se fruma egeslīc
+     lēodum on lande,      swā hyt lungre wearð
+     on hyra sinc-gifan      sāre geendod.
+
+
+XXXIII. BEOWULF RESOLVES TO KILL THE FIRE-DRAKE.
+
+     Þā se gæst ongan      glēdum spīwan,
+     beorht hofu bærnan;      bryne-lēoma stōd
+2315 eldum on andan;      nō þǣr āht cwices
+     lāð lyft-floga      lǣfan wolde.
+     Wæs þæs wyrmes wīg      wīde gesȳne,
+     nearo-fāges nīð      nēan and feorran,
+     hū se gūð-sceaða      Gēata lēode
+2320 hatode and hȳnde:      hord eft gescēat,
+     dryht-sele dyrnne      ǣr dæges hwīle.
+     Hæfde land-wara      līge befangen,
+     bǣle and bronde;      beorges getruwode,
+     wīges and wealles:      him sēo wēn gelēah.
+2325 Þā wæs Bīowulfe      brōga gecȳðed
+     snūde tō sōðe,      þæt his sylfes him
+     bolda sēlest      bryne-wylmum mealt,
+     gif-stōl Gēata.      Þæt þām gōdan wæs
+     hrēow on hreðre,      hyge-sorga mǣst:
+2330 wēnde se wīsa,      þæt hē wealdende,
+     ofer ealde riht,      ēcean dryhtne
+     bitre gebulge:      brēost innan wēoll
+     þēostrum geþoncum,      swā him geþȳwe ne wæs.
+     Hæfde līg-draca      lēoda fæsten,
+2335 ēa-lond ūtan,      eorð-weard þone
+     glēdum forgrunden.      Him þæs gūð-cyning,
+     Wedera þīoden,      wræce leornode.
+     Heht him þā gewyrcean      wīgendra hlēo
+     eall-īrenne,      eorla dryhten
+2340 wīg-bord wrǣtlīc;      wisse hē gearwe,
+     þæt him holt-wudu      helpan ne meahte,
+     lind wið līge.      Sceolde lǣn-daga
+     æðeling ǣr-gōd      ende gebīdan
+     worulde līfes      and se wyrm somod;
+2345 þēah þe hord-welan      hēolde lange.
+     Oferhogode þā      hringa fengel,
+     þæt hē þone wīd-flogan      weorode gesōhte,
+     sīdan herge;      nō hē him þā sæcce ondrēd,
+     nē him þæs wyrmes wīg      for wiht dyde,
+2350 eafoð and ellen;      forþon hē ǣr fela
+     nearo nēðende      nīða gedīgde,
+     hilde-hlemma,      syððan hē Hrōðgāres,
+     sigor-ēadig secg,      sele fǣlsode
+     and æt gūðe forgrāp      Grendeles mǣgum,
+2355 lāðan cynnes.      Nō þæt lǣsest wæs
+     hond-gemota,      þǣr mon Hygelāc slōh,
+     syððan Gēata cyning      gūðe rǣsum,
+     frēa-wine folces      Frēslondum on,
+     Hrēðles eafora      hioro-dryncum swealt,
+2360 bille gebēaten;      þonan Bīowulf cōm
+     sylfes cræfte,      sund-nytte drēah;
+     hæfde him on earme      ... XXX
+     hilde-geatwa,      þā hē tō holme stāg.
+     Nealles Hetware      hrēmge þorfton
+2365 fēðe-wīges,      þē him foran ongēan
+     linde bǣron:      lȳt eft becwōm
+     fram þām hild-frecan      hāmes nīosan.
+     Oferswam þā sioleða bigong      sunu Ecgþēowes,
+     earm ān-haga      eft tō lēodum,
+2370 þǣr him Hygd gebēad      hord and rīce,
+     bēagas and brego-stōl:      bearne ne truwode,
+     þæt hē wið æl-fylcum      ēðel-stōlas
+     healdan cūðe,      þā wæs Hygelāc dēad.
+     Nō þȳ ǣr fēa-sceafte      findan meahton
+2375 æt þām æðelinge      ǣnige þinga,
+     þæt hē Heardrēde      hlāford wǣre,
+     oððe þone cyne-dōm      cīosan wolde;
+     hwæðre hē him on folce      frēond-lārum hēold,
+     ēstum mid āre,      oð þæt hē yldra wearð,
+2380 Weder-Gēatum wēold.      Hyne wræc-mæcgas
+     ofer sǣ sōhtan,      suna Ōhteres:
+     hæfdon hȳ forhealden      helm Scylfinga,
+     þone sēlestan      sǣ-cyninga,
+     þāra þe in Swīo-rīce      sinc brytnade,
+2385 mǣrne þēoden.      Him þæt tō mearce wearð;
+     hē þǣr orfeorme      feorh-wunde hlēat
+     sweordes swengum,      sunu Hygelāces;
+     and him eft gewāt      Ongenþīowes bearn
+     hāmes nīosan,      syððan Heardrēd læg;
+2390 lēt þone brego-stōl      Bīowulf healdan,
+     Gēatum wealdan:      þæt wæs gōd cyning.
+
+
+XXXIV. RETROSPECT OF BĒOWULF.--STRIFE BETWEEN SWEONAS AND GEATAS.
+
+     Sē þæs lēod-hryres      lēan gemunde
+     uferan dōgrum,      Ēadgilse wearð
+     fēa-sceaftum fēond.      Folce gestepte
+2395 ofer sǣ sīde      sunu Ōhteres
+     wigum and wǣpnum:      hē gewræc syððan
+     cealdum cear-sīðum,      cyning ealdre binēat.
+     Swā hē nīða gehwane      genesen hæfde,
+     slīðra geslyhta,      sunu Ecgþīowes,
+2400 ellen-weorca,      oð þone ānne dæg,
+     þē hē wið þām wyrme      gewegan sceolde.
+     Gewāt þā twelfa sum      torne gebolgen
+     dryhten Gēata      dracan scēawian;
+     hæfde þā gefrūnen,      hwanan sīo fǣhð ārās,
+2405 bealo-nīð biorna;      him tō bearme cwōm
+     māððum-fæt mǣre      þurh þæs meldan hond,
+     Sē wæs on þām þrēate      þreotteoða secg,
+     sē þæs orleges      ōr onstealde,
+     hæft hyge-giōmor,      sceolde hēan þonon
+2410 wong wīsian:      hē ofer willan gīong
+     tō þæs þe hē eorð-sele      ānne wisse,
+     hlǣw under hrūsan      holm-wylme nēh,
+     ȳð-gewinne,      sē wæs innan full
+     wrǣtta and wīra:      weard unhīore,
+2415 gearo gūð-freca,      gold-māðmas hēold,
+     eald under eorðan;      næs þæt ȳðe cēap,
+     tō gegangenne      gumena ǣnigum.
+     Gesæt þā on næsse      nīð-heard cyning,
+     þenden hǣlo ābēad      heorð-genēatum
+2420 gold-wine Gēata:      him wæs geōmor sefa,
+     wǣfre and wæl-fūs,      Wyrd ungemete nēah,
+     sē þone gomelan      grētan sceolde,
+     sēcean sāwle hord,      sundur gedǣlan
+     līf wið līce:      nō þon lange wæs
+2425 feorh æðelinges      flǣsce bewunden.
+     Bīowulf maðelade,      bearn Ecgþēowes:
+     "Fela ic on giogoðe      guð-rǣsa genæs,
+     "orleg-hwīla:      ic þæt eall gemon.
+     "Ic wæs syfan-wintre,      þā mec sinca baldor,
+2430 "frēa-wine folca      æt mīnum fæder genam,
+     "hēold mec and hæfde      Hrēðel cyning,
+     "geaf mē sinc and symbel,      sibbe gemunde;
+     "næs ic him tō līfe      lāðra ōwihte
+     "beorn in burgum,      þonne his bearna hwylc,
+2435 "Herebeald and Hæðcyn,      oððe Hygelāc mīn.
+     "Wæs þām yldestan      ungedēfelīce
+     "mǣges dǣdum      morðor-bed strēd,
+     "syððan hyne Hæðcyn      of horn-bogan,
+     "his frēa-wine      flāne geswencte,
+2440 "miste mercelses      and his mǣg ofscēt,
+     "brōðor ōðerne,      blōdigan gāre:
+     "þæt wæs feoh-lēas gefeoht,      fyrenum gesyngad
+     "hreðre hyge-mēðe;      sceolde hwæðre swā þēah
+     "æðeling unwrecen      ealdres linnan.
+2445 "Swā bið geōmorlīc      gomelum ceorle
+     "tō gebīdanne,      þæt his byre rīde
+     "giong on galgan,      þonne hē gyd wrece,
+     "sārigne sang,      þonne his sunu hangað
+     "hrefne tō hrōðre      and hē him helpe ne mæg,
+2450 "eald and in-frōd,      ǣnige gefremman.
+     "Symble bið gemyndgad      morna gehwylce
+     "eaforan ellor-sīð;      ōðres ne gȳmeð
+     "tō gebīdanne      burgum on innan
+     "yrfe-weardes,      þonne se ān hafað
+2455 "þurh dēaðes nȳd      dǣda gefondad.
+     "Gesyhð sorh-cearig      on his suna būre
+     "wīn-sele wēstne,      wind-gereste,
+     "rēote berofene;      rīdend swefað
+     "hæleð in hoðman;      nis þǣr hearpan swēg,
+2460 "gomen in geardum,      swylce þǣr iū wǣron.
+
+
+XXXV. MEMORIES OF PAST TIME.-THE FEUD WITH THE FIRE-DRAKE.
+
+     "Gewīteð þonne on sealman,      sorh-lēoð gæleð
+     "ān æfter ānum:      þūhte him eall tō rūm,
+     "wongas and wīc-stede.      Swā Wedra helm
+     "æfter Herebealde      heortan sorge
+2465 "weallende wæg,      wihte ne meahte
+     "on þām feorh-bonan      fǣhðe gebētan:
+     "nō þȳ ǣr hē þone heaðo-rinc      hatian ne meahte
+     "lāðum dǣdum,      þēah him lēof ne wæs.
+     "Hē þā mid þǣre sorge,      þē him sīo sār belamp,
+2470 "gum-drēam ofgeaf,      godes lēoht gecēas;
+     "eaferum lǣfde,      swā dēð ēadig mon,
+     "lond and lēod-byrig,      þā hē of līfe gewāt.
+     "Þā wæs synn and sacu      Swēona and Gēata,
+     "ofer wīd wæter      wrōht gemǣne,
+2475 "here-nīð hearda,      syððan Hrēðel swealt,
+     "oððe him Ongenþēowes      eaferan wǣran
+     "frome fyrd-hwate,      frēode ne woldon
+     "ofer heafo healdan,      ac ymb Hrēosna-beorh
+     "eatolne inwit-scear      oft gefremedon.
+2480 "Þæt mǣg-wine      mīne gewrǣcan,
+     "fǣhðe and fyrene,      swā hyt gefrǣge wæs,
+     "þēah þe ōðer hit      ealdre gebohte,
+     "heardan cēape:      Hæðcynne wearð,
+     "Gēata dryhtne,      gūð onsǣge.
+2485 "Þā ic on morgne gefrægn      mǣg ōðerne
+     "billes ecgum      on bonan stǣlan,
+     "þǣr Ongenþēow      Eofores nīosade:
+     "gūð-helm tōglād,      gomela Scylfing
+     "hrēas heoro-blāc;      hond gemunde
+2490 "fǣhðo genōge,      feorh-sweng ne oftēah.
+     "Ic him þā māðmas,      þē hē mē sealde,
+     "geald æt gūðe,      swā mē gifeðe wæs,
+     "lēohtan sweorde:      hē mē lond forgeaf,
+     "eard ēðel-wyn.      Næs him ǣnig þearf,
+2495 "þæt hē tō Gifðum      oððe tō Gār-Denum
+     "oððe in Swīo-rīce      sēcean þurfe
+     "wyrsan wīg-frecan,      weorðe gecȳpan;
+     "symle ic him on fēðan      beforan wolde,
+     "āna on orde,      and swā tō aldre sceall
+2500 "sæcce fremman,      þenden þis sweord þolað,
+     "þæt mec ǣr and sīð      oft gelǣste,
+     "syððan ic for dugeðum      Dæghrefne wearð
+     "tō hand-bonan,      Hūga cempan:
+     "nalles hē þā frætwe      Frēs-cyninge,
+2505 "brēost-weorðunge      bringan mōste,
+     "ac in campe gecrong      cumbles hyrde,
+     "æðeling on elne.      Ne wæs ecg bona,
+     "ac him hilde-grāp      heortan wylmas,
+     "bān-hūs gebræc.      Nū sceall billes ecg,
+2510 "hond and heard sweord      ymb hord wīgan."
+     Bēowulf maðelode,      bēot-wordum spræc
+     nīehstan sīðe:      "Ic genēðde fela
+     "gūða on geogoðe;      gȳt ic wylle,
+     "frōd folces weard,      fǣhðe sēcan,
+2515 "mǣrðum fremman,      gif mec se mān-sceaða
+     "of eorð-sele      ūt gesēceð!"
+     Gegrētte þā      gumena gehwylcne,
+     hwate helm-berend      hindeman sīðe,
+     swǣse gesīðas:      "Nolde ic sweord beran,
+2520 "wǣpen tō wyrme,      gif ic wiste hū
+     "wið þām āglǣcean      elles meahte
+     "gylpe wiðgrīpan,      swā ic giō wið Grendle dyde;
+     "ac ic þǣr heaðu-fȳres      hātes wēne,
+     "rēðes and-hāttres:      forþon ic mē on hafu
+2525 "bord and byrnan.      Nelle ic beorges weard
+     "oferflēon fōtes trem,      fēond unhȳre,
+     "ac unc sceal weorðan æt wealle,      swā unc Wyrd getēoð,
+     "metod manna gehwæs.      Ic eom on mōde from,
+     "þæt ic wið þone gūð-flogan      gylp ofersitte.
+2530 "Gebīde gē on beorge      byrnum werede,
+     "secgas on searwum,      hwæðer sēl mǣge
+     "æfter wæl-rǣse      wunde gedȳgan
+     "uncer twēga.      Nis þæt ēower sīð,
+     "nē gemet mannes,      nefne mīn ānes,
+2535 "þæt hē wið āglǣcean      eofoðo dǣle,
+     "eorl-scype efne.      Ic mid elne sceall
+     "gold gegangan      oððe gūð nimeð,
+     "feorh-bealu frēcne,      frēan ēowerne!"
+     Ārās þā bī ronde      rōf ōretta,
+2540 heard under helm,      hioro-sercean bær
+     under stān-cleofu,      strengo getruwode
+     ānes mannes:      ne bið swylc earges sīð.
+     Geseah þā be wealle,      sē þe worna fela,
+     gum-cystum gōd,      gūða gedīgde,
+2545 hilde-hlemma,      þonne hnitan fēðan,
+     (stōd on stān-bogan)      strēam ūt þonan
+     brecan of beorge;      wæs þǣre burnan wælm
+     heaðo-fȳrum hāt:      ne meahte horde nēah
+     unbyrnende      ǣnige hwīle
+2550 dēop gedȳgan      for dracan lēge.
+     Lēt þā of brēostum,      þā hē gebolgen wæs,
+     Weder-Gēata lēod      word ūt faran,
+     stearc-heort styrmde;      stefn in becōm
+     heaðo-torht hlynnan      under hārne stān.
+2555 Hete wæs onhrēred,      hord-weard oncnīow
+     mannes reorde;      næs þǣr māra fyrst,
+     frēode tō friclan.      From ǣrest cwōm
+     oruð āglǣcean      ūt of stāne,
+     hāt hilde-swāt;      hrūse dynede.
+2560 Biorn under beorge      bord-rand onswāf
+     wið þām gryre-gieste,      Gēata dryhten:
+     þā wæs hring-bogan      heorte gefȳsed
+     sæcce tō sēceanne.      Sweord ǣr gebrǣ
+     gōd gūð-cyning      gomele lāfe,
+2565 ecgum unglēaw,      ǣghwæðrum wæs
+     bealo-hycgendra      brōga fram ōðrum.
+     Stīð-mōd gestōd      wið stēapne rond
+     winia bealdor,      þā se wyrm gebēah
+     snūde tōsomne:      hē on searwum bād.
+2570 Gewāt þā byrnende      gebogen scrīðan tō,
+     gescīfe scyndan.      Scyld wēl gebearg
+     līfe and līce      lǣssan hwīle
+     mǣrum þēodne,      þonne his myne sōhte,
+     þǣr hē þȳ fyrste      forman dōgore
+2575 wealdan mōste,      swā him Wyrd ne gescrāf
+     hrēð æt hilde.      Hond up ābræd
+     Gēata dryhten,      gryre-fāhne slōh
+     incge lāfe,      þæt sīo ecg gewāc
+     brūn on bāne,      bāt unswīðor,
+2580 þonne his þīod-cyning      þearfe hæfde,
+     bysigum gebǣded.      Þā wæs beorges weard
+     æfter heaðu-swenge      on hrēoum mōde,
+     wearp wæl-fȳre,      wīde sprungon
+     hilde-lēoman:      hrēð-sigora ne gealp
+2585 gold-wine Gēata,      gūð-bill geswāc
+     nacod æt nīðe,      swā hyt nō sceolde,
+     īren ǣr-gōd.      Ne wæs þæt ēðe sīð,
+     þæt se mǣra      maga Ecgþēowes
+     grund-wong þone      ofgyfan wolde;
+2590 sceolde wyrmes willan      wīc eardian
+     elles hwergen,      swā sceal ǣghwylc mon
+     ālǣtan lǣn-dagas.      Næs þā long tō þon,
+     þæt þā āglǣcean      hȳ eft gemētton.
+     Hyrte hyne hord-weard,      hreðer ǣðme wēoll,
+2595 nīwan stefne:      nearo þrowode
+     fȳre befongen      sē þe ǣr folce wēold.
+     Nealles him on hēape      hand-gesteallan,
+     æðelinga bearn      ymbe gestōdon
+     hilde-cystum,      ac hȳ on holt bugon,
+2600 ealdre burgan.      Hiora in ānum wēoll
+     sefa wið sorgum:      sibb ǣfre ne mæg
+     wiht onwendan,      þām þe wēl þenceð.
+
+
+XXXVI. WIGLAF HELPS BĒOWULF IN THE FEUD
+
+     Wīglāf wæs hāten      Wēoxstānes sunu,
+     lēoflīc lind-wiga,      lēod Scylfinga,
+2605 mǣg Ælfheres:      geseah his mon-dryhten
+     under here-grīman      hāt þrowian.
+     Gemunde þā þā āre,      þē hē him ǣr forgeaf
+     wīc-stede weligne      Wǣgmundinga,
+     folc-rihta gehwylc,      swā his fæder āhte;
+2610 ne mihte þā forhabban,      hond rond gefēng,
+     geolwe linde,      gomel swyrd getēah,
+     þæt wæs mid eldum      Ēanmundes lāf,
+     suna Ōhteres,      þām æt sæcce wearð
+     wracu wine-lēasum      Wēohstānes bana
+2615 mēces ecgum,      and his māgum ætbær
+     brūn-fāgne helm,      hringde byrnan,
+     eald sweord eotonisc,      þæt him Onela forgeaf,
+     his gædelinges      gūð-gewǣdu,
+     fyrd-searo fūslīc:      nō ymbe þā fǣhðe spræc,
+2620 þēah þe hē his brōðor      bearn ābredwade.
+     Hē frætwe gehēold      fela missēra,
+     bill and byrnan,      oð þæt his byre mihte
+     eorl-scipe efnan,      swā his ǣr-fæder;
+     geaf him þā mid Gēatum      gūð-gewǣda
+2625 ǣghwæs unrīm;      þā hē of ealdre gewāt,
+     frōd on forð-weg.      Þā wæs forma sīð
+     geongan cempan,      þæt hē gūðe rǣs
+     mid his frēo-dryhtne      fremman sceolde;
+     ne gemealt him se mōd-sefa,      nē his mǣges lāf
+2630 gewāc æt wīge:      þæt se wyrm onfand,
+     syððan hīe tōgædre      gegān hæfdon.
+     Wīglāf maðelode      word-rihta fela,
+     sægde gesīðum,      him wæs sefa geōmor:
+     "Ic þæt mǣl geman,      þǣr wē medu þēgun,
+2635 "þonne wē gehēton      ūssum hlāforde
+     "in bīor-sele,      þē ūs þās bēagas geaf,
+     "þæt wē him þā gūð-geatwa      gyldan woldon,
+     "gif him þyslīcu      þearf gelumpe,
+     "helmas and heard sweord:      þē hē ūsic on herge gecēas
+2640 "tō þyssum sīð-fate      sylfes willum,
+     "onmunde ūsic mǣrða      and mē þās māðmas geaf,
+     "þē hē ūsic gār-wīgend      gōde tealde,
+     "hwate helm-berend,      þēah þe hlāford ūs
+     "þis ellen-weorc      āna āþōhte
+2645 "tō gefremmanne,      folces hyrde,
+     "forþām hē manna mǣst      mǣrða gefremede,
+     "dǣda dollīcra.      Nū is sē dæg cumen,
+     "þæt ūre man-dryhten      mægenes behōfað
+     "gōdra gūð-rinca:      wutun gangan tō,
+2650 "helpan hild-fruman,      þenden hyt sȳ,
+     "glēd-egesa grim!      God wāt on mec,
+     "þæt mē is micle lēofre,      þæt mīnne līc-haman
+     "mid mīnne gold-gyfan      glēd fæðmie.
+     "Ne þynceð mē gerysne,      þæt wē rondas beren
+2655 "eft tō earde,      nemne wē ǣror mǣgen
+     "fāne gefyllan,      feorh ealgian
+     "Wedra þīodnes.      Ic wāt geare,
+     "þæt nǣron eald-gewyrht,      þæt hē āna scyle
+     "Gēata duguðe      gnorn þrowian,
+2660 "gesīgan æt sæcce:      sceal ūrum þæt sweord and helm,
+     "byrne and byrdu-scrūd      bām gemǣne."
+     Wōd þā þurh þone wæl-rēc,      wīg-heafolan bær
+     frēan on fultum,      fēa worda cwæð:
+     "Lēofa Bīowulf,      lǣst eall tela,
+2665 "swā þū on geoguð-fēore      geāra gecwǣde,
+     "þæt þū ne ālǣte      be þē lifigendum
+     "dōm gedrēosan:      scealt nū dǣdum rōf,
+     "æðeling ān-hȳdig,      ealle mægene
+     "feorh ealgian;      ic þē fullǣstu!"
+2670 Æfter þām wordum      wyrm yrre cwōm,
+     atol inwit-gæst      ōðre sīðe,
+     fȳr-wylmum fāh      fīonda nīosan,
+     lāðra manna;      līg-ȳðum forborn
+     bord wið ronde:      byrne ne meahte
+2675 geongum gār-wigan      gēoce gefremman:
+     ac se maga geonga      under his mǣges scyld
+     elne geēode,      þā his āgen wæs
+     glēdum forgrunden.      Þā gēn gūð-cyning
+     mǣrða gemunde,      mægen-strengo,
+2680 slōh hilde-bille,      þæt hyt on heafolan stōd
+     nīðe genȳded:      Nægling forbærst,
+     geswāc æt sæcce      sweord Bīowulfes
+     gomol and grǣg-mǣl.      Him þæt gifeðe ne wæs,
+     þæt him īrenna      ecge mihton
+2685 helpan æt hilde;      wæs sīo hond tō strong,
+     sē þe mēca gehwane      mīne gefrǣge
+     swenge ofersōhte,      þonne hē tō sæcce bær
+     wǣpen wundrum heard,      næs him wihte þē sēl.
+     Þā wæs þēod-sceaða      þriddan sīðe,
+2690 frēcne fȳr-draca      fǣhða gemyndig,
+     rǣsde on þone rōfan,      þā him rūm āgeald,
+     hāt and heaðo-grim,      heals ealne ymbefēng
+     biteran bānum;      hē geblōdegod wearð
+     sāwul-drīore;      swāt ȳðum wēoll.
+
+
+XXXVII. BĒOWULF WOUNDED TO DEATH.
+
+2695 Þā ic æt þearfe gefrægn      þēod-cyninges
+     and-longne eorl      ellen cȳðan,
+     cræft and cēnðu,      swā him gecynde wæs;
+     ne hēdde hē þæs heafolan,      ac sīo hand gebarn
+     mōdiges mannes,      þǣr hē his mǣges healp,
+2700 þæt hē þone nīð-gæst      nioðor hwēne slōh,
+     secg on searwum,      þæt þæt sweord gedēaf
+     fāh and fǣted,      þæt þæt fȳr ongon
+     sweðrian syððan.      Þā gēn sylf cyning
+     gewēold his gewitte,      wæll-seaxe gebrǣ,
+2705 biter and beadu-scearp,      þæt hē on byrnan wæg:
+     forwrāt Wedra helm       wyrm on middan.
+     Fēond gefyldan      (ferh ellen wræc),
+     and hī hyne þā bēgen      ābroten hæfdon,
+     sib-æðelingas:      swylc sceolde secg wesan,
+2710 þegn æt þearfe.      Þæt þām þēodne wæs
+     sīðast sīge-hwīle      sylfes dǣdum,
+     worlde geweorces.      Þā sīo wund ongon,
+     þē him se eorð-draca      ǣr geworhte,
+     swelan and swellan.      Hē þæt sōna onfand,
+2715 þæt him on brēostum      bealo-nīð wēoll,
+     attor on innan.      Þā se æðeling gīong,
+     þæt hē bī wealle,      wīs-hycgende,
+     gesæt on sesse;      seah on enta geweorc,
+     hū þā stān-bogan      stapulum fæste
+2720 ēce eorð-reced      innan hēoldon.
+     Hyne þā mid handa      heoro-drēorigne
+     þēoden mǣrne      þegn ungemete till,
+     wine-dryhten his      wætere gelafede,
+     hilde-sædne      and his helm onspēon.
+2725 Bīowulf maðelode,      hē ofer benne spræc,
+     wunde wæl-blēate      (wisse hē gearwe,
+     þæt hē dæg-hwīla      gedrogen hæfde
+     eorðan wynne;      þā wæs eall sceacen
+     dōgor-gerīmes,      dēað ungemete nēah):
+2730 "Nū ic suna mīnum      syllan wolde
+     "gūð-gewǣdu,      þǣr mē gifeðe swā
+     "ǣnig yrfe-weard      æfter wurde,
+     "līce gelenge.      Ic þās lēode hēold
+     "fīftig wintra:      næs se folc-cyning
+2735 "ymbe-sittendra      ǣnig þāra,
+     "þē mec gūð-winum      grētan dorste,
+     "egesan þēon.      Ic on earde bād
+     "mǣl-gesceafta,      hēold mīn tela,
+     "ne sōhte searo-nīðas,      nē mē swōr fela
+2740 "āða on unriht.      Ic þæs ealles mæg,
+     "feorh-bennum sēoc,      gefēan habban:
+     "forþām mē wītan ne þearf      waldend fīra
+     "morðor-bealo māga,      þonne mīn sceaceð
+     "līf of līce.      Nū þū lungre
+2745 "geong, hord scēawian      under hārne stān,
+     "Wīglāf lēofa,      nū se wyrm ligeð,
+     "swefeð sāre wund,      since berēafod.
+     "Bīo nū on ofoste,      þæt ic ǣr-welan,
+     "gold-ǣht ongite,      gearo scēawige
+2750 "swegle searo-gimmas,      þæt ic þȳ sēft mǣge
+     "æfter māððum-welan      mīn ālǣtan
+     "līf and lēod-scipe,      þone ic longe hēold."
+
+
+XXXVIII. THE JEWEL-HOARD. THE PASSING OF BEOWULF.
+
+     Þā ic snūde gefrægn      sunu Wīhstānes
+     æfter word-cwydum      wundum dryhtne
+2755 hȳran heaðo-sīocum,      hring-net beran,
+     brogdne beadu-sercean      under beorges hrōf.
+     Geseah þā sige-hrēðig,      þā hē bī sesse gēong,
+     mago-þegn mōdig      māððum-sigla fela,
+     gold glitinian      grunde getenge,
+2760 wundur on wealle      and þæs wyrmes denn,
+     ealdes ūht-flogan,      orcas stondan,
+     fyrn-manna fatu      feormend-lēase,
+     hyrstum behrorene:      þǣr wæs helm monig,
+     eald and ōmig,      earm-bēaga fela,
+2765 searwum gesǣled.      Sinc ēaðe mæg,
+     gold on grunde,      gumena cynnes
+     gehwone ofer-hīgian,      hȳde sē þe wylle!
+     Swylce hē siomian geseah      segn eall-gylden
+     hēah ofer horde,      hond-wundra mǣst,
+2770 gelocen leoðo-cræftum:      of þām lēoma stōd,
+     þæt hē þone grund-wong      ongitan meahte,
+     wrǣte giond-wlītan.      Næs þæs wyrmes þǣr
+     onsȳn ǣnig,      ac hyne ecg fornam.
+     Þā ic on hlǣwe      gefrægn hord rēafian,
+2775 eald enta geweorc      ānne mannan,
+     him on bearm hladan      bunan and discas
+     sylfes dōme,      segn ēac genom,
+     bēacna beorhtost;      bill ǣr-gescōd
+     (ecg wæs īren)      eald-hlāfordes
+2780 þām þāra māðma      mund-bora wæs
+     longe hwīle,      līg-egesan wæg
+     hātne for horde,      hioro-weallende,
+     middel-nihtum,      oð þæt hē morðre swealt.
+     Ār wæs on ofoste      eft-sīðes georn,
+2785 frætwum gefyrðred:      hyne fyrwet bræc,
+     hwæðer collen-ferð      cwicne gemētte
+     in þām wong-stede      Wedra þēoden,
+     ellen-sīocne,      þǣr hē hine ǣr forlēt.
+     Hē þā mid þām māðmum      mǣrne þīoden,
+2790 dryhten sīnne      drīorigne fand
+     ealdres æt ende:      hē hine eft ongon
+     wæteres weorpan,      oð þæt wordes ord
+     brēost-hord þurhbræc.      Bēowulf maðelode,
+     gomel on giohðe      (gold scēawode):
+2795 "Ic þāra frætwa      frēan ealles þanc
+     "wuldur-cyninge      wordum secge,
+     "ēcum dryhtne,      þē ic hēr on starie,
+     "þæs þe ic mōste      mīnum lēodum
+     "ǣr swylt-dæge      swylc gestrȳnan.
+2800 "Nū ic on māðma hord      mīne bebohte
+     "frōde feorh-lege,      fremmað gē nū
+     "lēoda þearfe;      ne mæg ic hēr leng wesan.
+     "Hātað heaðo-mǣre      hlǣw gewyrcean,
+     "beorhtne æfter bǣle      æt brimes nosan;
+2805 "se scel tō gemyndum      mīnum lēodum
+     "hēah hlīfian      on Hrones næsse,
+     "þæt hit sǣ-līðend      syððan hātan
+     "Bīowulfes biorh,      þā þe brentingas
+     "ofer flōda genipu      feorran drīfað."
+2810 Dyde him of healse      hring gyldenne
+     þīoden þrīst-hȳdig,      þegne gesealde,
+     geongum gār-wigan,      gold-fāhne helm,
+     bēah and byrnan,      hēt hyne brūcan well:
+     "Þū eart ende-lāf      ūsses cynnes,
+2815 "Wǣgmundinga;      ealle Wyrd forswēof,
+     "mīne māgas      tō metod-sceafte,
+     "eorlas on elne:      ic him æfter sceal."
+     Þæt wæs þām gomelan      gingeste word
+     brēost-gehygdum,      ǣr hē bǣl cure,
+2820 hāte heaðo-wylmas:      him of hreðre gewāt
+     sāwol sēcean      sōð-fæstra dōm.
+
+
+XXXIX. THE COWARD-THANES.
+
+     Þā wæs gegongen      guman unfrōdum
+     earfoðlīce,      þæt hē on eorðan geseah
+     þone lēofestan      līfes æt ende
+2825 blēate gebǣran.      Bona swylce læg,
+     egeslīc eorð-draca,      ealdre berēafod,
+     bealwe gebǣded:      bēah-hordum leng
+     wyrm wōh-bogen      wealdan ne mōste,
+     ac him īrenna      ecga fornāmon,
+2830 hearde heaðo-scearpe      homera lāfe,
+     þæt se wīd-floga      wundum stille
+     hrēas on hrūsan      hord-ærne nēah,
+     nalles æfter lyfte      lācende hwearf
+     middel-nihtum,      māðm-ǣhta wlonc
+2835 ansȳn ȳwde:      ac hē eorðan gefēoll
+     for þæs hild-fruman      hond-geweorce.
+     Hūru þæt on lande      lȳt manna þāh
+     mægen-āgendra      mīne gefrǣge,
+     þēah þe hē dǣda gehwæs      dyrstig wǣre,
+2840 þæt hē wið attor-sceaðan      oreðe gerǣsde,
+     oððe hring-sele      hondum styrede,
+     gif hē wæccende      weard onfunde
+     būan on beorge.      Bīowulfe wearð
+     dryht-māðma dǣl      dēaðe forgolden;
+2845 hæfde ǣghwæðer      ende gefēred
+     lǣnan līfes.      Næs þā lang tō þon,
+     þæt þā hild-latan      holt ofgēfan,
+     tȳdre trēow-logan      tȳne ætsomne,
+     þā ne dorston ǣr      dareðum lācan
+2850 on hyra man-dryhtnes      miclan þearfe;
+     ac hȳ scamiende      scyldas bǣran,
+     gūð-gewǣdu,      þǣr se gomela læg:
+     wlitan on Wīglāf.      Hē gewērgad sæt,
+     fēðe-cempa      frēan eaxlum nēah,
+2855 wehte hyne wætre;      him wiht ne spēow;
+     ne meahte hē on eorðan,      þēah hē ūðe wēl,
+     on þām frum-gāre      feorh gehealdan,
+     nē þæs wealdendes willan      wiht oncirran;
+     wolde dōm godes      dǣdum rǣdan
+2860 gumena gehwylcum,      swā hē nū gēn dēð.
+     Þā wæs æt þām geongan      grim andswaru
+     ēð-begēte þām þe ǣr      his elne forlēas.
+     Wīglāf maðelode,      Wēohstānes sunu,
+     secg sārig-ferð      seah on unlēofe:
+2865 "Þæt lā mæg secgan,      sē þe wyle sōð sprecan,
+     "þæt se mon-dryhten,      se ēow þā māðmas geaf,
+     "ēored-geatwe,      þē gē þǣr on standað,
+     "þonne hē on ealu-bence      oft gesealde
+     "heal-sittendum      helm and byrnan,
+2870 "þēoden his þegnum,      swylce hē þrȳðlīcost
+     "ōhwǣr feor oððe nēah      findan meahte,
+     "þæt hē gēnunga      gūð-gewǣdu
+     "wrāðe forwurpe.      Þā hyne wīg beget,
+     "nealles folc-cyning      fyrd-gesteallum
+2875 "gylpan þorfte;      hwæðre him god ūðe,
+     "sigora waldend,      þæt hē hyne sylfne gewræc
+     "āna mid ecge,      þā him wæs elnes þearf,
+     "Ic him līf-wraðe      lȳtle meahte
+     "ætgifan æt gūðe      and ongan swā þēah
+2880 "ofer mīn gemet      mǣges helpan:
+     "symle wæs þȳ sǣmra,      þonne ic sweorde drep
+     "ferhð-genīðlan,      fȳr unswīðor
+     "wēoll of gewitte.      Wergendra tō lȳt
+     "þrong ymbe þēoden,      þā hyne sīo þrāg becwōm.
+2885 "Nū sceal sinc-þego      and swyrd-gifu
+     "eall ēðel-wyn      ēowrum cynne,
+     "lufen ālicgean:      lond-rihtes mōt
+     "þǣre mǣg-burge      monna ǣghwylc
+     "īdel hweorfan,      syððan æðelingas
+2890 "feorran gefricgean      flēam ēowerne,
+     "dōm-lēasan dǣd.      Dēað bið sēlla
+     "eorla gehwylcum      þonne edwīt-līf!"
+
+
+XL. THE SOLDIER'S DIRGE AND PROPHECY.
+
+     Heht þā þæt heaðo-weorc      tō hagan bīodan
+     up ofer ēg-clif,      þǣr þæt eorl-weorod
+2895 morgen-longne dæg      mōd-giōmor sæt,
+     bord-hæbbende,      bēga on wēnum
+     ende-dōgores      and eft-cymes
+     lēofes monnes.      Lȳt swīgode
+     nīwra spella,      sē þe næs gerād,
+2900 ac hē sōðlīce      sægde ofer ealle;
+     "Nū is wil-geofa      Wedra lēoda,
+     "dryhten Gēata      dēað-bedde fæst,
+     "wunað wæl-reste      wyrmes dǣdum;
+     "him on efn ligeð      ealdor-gewinna,
+2905 "siex-bennum sēoc:      sweorde ne meahte
+     "on þām āglǣcean      ǣnige þinga
+     "wunde gewyrcean.      Wīglāf siteð
+     "ofer Bīowulfe,      byre Wīhstānes,
+     "eorl ofer ōðrum      unlifigendum,
+2910 "healdeð hige-mēðum      hēafod-wearde
+     "lēofes and lāðes.      Nū ys lēodum wēn
+     "orleg-hwīle,      syððan underne
+     "Froncum and Frȳsum      fyll cyninges
+     "wīde weorðeð.      Wæs sīo wrōht scepen
+2915 "heard wið Hūgas,      syððan Higelāc cwōm
+     "faran flot-herge      on Frēsna land,
+     "þǣr hyne Hetware      hilde gehnǣgdon,
+     "elne geēodon      mid ofer-mægene,
+     "þæt se byrn-wiga      būgan sceolde,
+2920 "fēoll on fēðan:      nalles frætwe geaf
+     "ealdor dugoðe;      ūs wæs ā syððan
+     "Merewīoinga      milts ungyfeðe.
+     "Nē ic tō Swēo-þēode      sibbe oððe trēowe
+     "wihte ne wēne;      ac wæs wīde cūð,
+2925 "þætte Ongenþīo      ealdre besnyðede
+     "Hæðcyn Hrēðling      wið Hrefna-wudu,
+     "þā for on-mēdlan      ǣrest gesōhton
+     "Gēata lēode      Gūð-scilfingas.
+     "Sōna him se frōda      fæder Ōhtheres,
+2930 "eald and eges-full      ond-slyht āgeaf,
+     "ābrēot brim-wīsan,      brȳd āhēorde,
+     "gomela īo-meowlan      golde berofene,
+     "Onelan mōdor      and Ōhtheres,
+     "and þā folgode      feorh-genīðlan
+2935 "oð þæt hī oðēodon      earfoðlīce
+     "in Hrefnes-holt      hlāford-lēase.
+     "Besæt þā sin-herge      sweorda lāfe
+     "wundum wērge,      wēan oft gehēt
+     "earmre teohhe      andlonge niht:
+2940 "cwæð hē on mergenne      mēces ecgum
+     "gētan wolde,      sume on galg-trēowum
+     "fuglum tō gamene.      Frōfor eft gelamp
+     "sārig-mōdum      somod ǣr-dæge,
+     "syððan hīe Hygelāces      horn and bȳman
+2945 "gealdor ongeāton.      Þā se gōda cōm
+     "lēoda dugoðe      on lāst faran.
+
+
+XLI. HE TELLS OF THE SWEDES AND THE GEATAS
+
+     "Wæs sīo swāt-swaðu      Swēona and Gēata,
+     "wæl-rǣs wera      wīde gesȳne,
+     "hū þā folc mid him      fǣhðe tōwehton.
+2950 "Gewāt him þā se gōda      mid his gædelingum,
+     "frōd fela geōmor      fæsten sēcean,
+     "eorl Ongenþīo      ufor oncirde;
+     "hæfde Higelāces      hilde gefrūnen,
+     "wlonces wīg-cræft,      wiðres ne truwode,
+2955 "þæt hē sǣ-mannum      onsacan mihte,
+     "hēaðo-līðendum      hord forstandan,
+     "bearn and brȳde;      bēah eft þonan
+     "eald under eorð-weall.      Þā wæs ǣht boden
+     "Swēona lēodum,      segn Higelāce.
+2960 "Freoðo-wong þone      forð oferēodon,
+     "syððan Hrēðlingas      tō hagan þrungon.
+     "Þǣr wearð Ongenþīo      ecgum sweorda,
+     "blonden-fexa      on bīd wrecen,
+     "þæt se þēod-cyning      þafian sceolde
+2965 "Eofores ānne dōm:      hyne yrringa
+     "Wulf Wonrēding      wǣpne gerǣhte,
+     "þæt him for swenge      swāt ǣdrum sprong
+     "forð under fexe.      Næs hē forht swā þēh,
+     "gomela Scilfing,      ac forgeald hraðe
+2970 "wyrsan wrixle      wæl-hlem þone,
+     "syððan þēod-cyning      þyder oncirde:
+     "ne meahte se snella      sunu Wonrēdes
+     "ealdum ceorle      ond-slyht giofan,
+     "ac hē him on hēafde      helm ǣr gescer,
+2975 "þæt hē blōde fāh      būgan sceolde,
+     "fēoll on foldan;      næs hē fǣge þā gīt,
+     "ac hē hyne gewyrpte,      þēah þe him wund hrīne,
+     "Lēt se hearda      Higelāces þegn
+     "brādne mēce,      þā his brōðor læg,
+2980 "eald sweord eotonisc,      entiscne helm,
+     "brecan ofer bord-weal:      þā gebēah cyning,
+     "folces hyrde,      wæs in feorh dropen.
+     "Þā wǣron monige,      þē his mǣg wriðon,
+     "ricone ārǣrdon,      þā him gerȳmed wearð,
+2985 "þæt hīe wæl-stōwe      wealdan mōston.
+     "Þenden rēafode      rinc ōðerne,
+     "nam on Ongenþīo      īren-byrnan,
+     "heard swyrd hilted      and his helm somod;
+     "hāres hyrste      Higelāce bær.
+2990 "Hē þām frætwum fēng      and him fægre gehēt
+     "lēana fore lēodum      and gelǣste swā:
+     "geald þone gūð-rǣs      Gēata dryhten,
+     "Hrēðles eafora,      þā hē tō hām becōm,
+     "Jofore and Wulfe      mid ofer-māðmum,
+2995 "sealde hiora gehwæðrum      hund þūsenda
+     "landes and locenra bēaga;      ne þorfte him þā lēan oðwītan
+     "mon on middan-gearde,      syððan hīe þā mǣrða geslōgon;
+     "and þā Jofore forgeaf      āngan dōhtor,
+     "hām-weorðunge,      hyldo tō wedde.
+3000 "Þæt ys sīo fǣhðo      and se fēond-scipe,
+     "wæl-nīð wera,      þæs þe ic wēn hafo,
+     "þē ūs sēceað tō      Swēona lēode,
+     "syððan hīe gefricgeað      frēan ūserne
+     "ealdor-lēasne,      þone þe ǣr gehēold
+3005 "wið hettendum      hord and rīce,
+     "æfter hæleða hryre      hwate Scylfingas,
+     "folc-rǣd fremede      oððe furður gēn
+     "eorl-scipe efnde.      Nū is ofost betost,
+     "þæt wē þēod-cyning      þǣr scēawian
+3010 "and þone gebringan,      þē ūs bēagas geaf,
+     "on ād-fære.      Ne scel ānes hwæt
+     "meltan mid þām mōdigan,      ac þǣr is māðma hord.
+     "gold unrīme      grimme gecēapod
+     "and nū æt sīðestan      sylfes fēore
+3015 "bēagas gebohte;      þā sceal brond fretan,
+     "ǣled þeccean,      nalles eorl wegan
+     "māððum tō gemyndum,      nē mægð scȳne
+     "habban on healse      hring-weorðunge,
+     "ac sceall geōmor-mōd      golde berēafod
+3020 "oft nalles ǣne      el-land tredan,
+     "nū se here-wīsa      hleahtor ālegde,
+     "gamen and glēo-drēam.      Forþon sceall gār wesan
+     "monig morgen-ceald      mundum bewunden,
+     "hæfen on handa,      nalles hearpan swēg
+3025 "wīgend weccean,      ac se wonna hrefn
+     "fūs ofer fǣgum,      fela reordian,
+     "earne secgan,      hū him æt ǣte spēow,
+     "þenden hē wið wulf      wæl rēafode."
+     Swā se secg hwata      secgende wæs
+3030 lāðra spella;      hē ne lēag fela
+     wyrda nē worda.      Weorod eall ārās,
+     ēodon unblīðe      under Earna næs
+     wollen-tēare      wundur scēawian.
+     Fundon þā on sande      sāwul-lēasne
+3035 hlim-bed healdan,      þone þe him hringas geaf
+     ǣrran mǣlum:      þā wæs ende-dæg
+     gōdum gegongen,      þæt se gūð-cyning,
+     Wedra þēoden,      wundor-dēaðe swealt.
+     Ǣr hī gesēgan      syllīcran wiht,
+3040 wyrm on wonge      wiðer-ræhtes þǣr
+     lāðne licgean:      wæs se lēg-draca,
+     grimlīc gryre-gæst,      glēdum beswǣled,
+     sē wæs fīftiges      fōt-gemearces.
+     lang on legere,      lyft-wynne hēold
+3045 nihtes hwīlum,      nyðer eft gewāt
+     dennes nīosian;      wæs þā dēaðe fæst,
+     hæfde eorð-scrafa      ende genyttod.
+     Him big stōdan      bunan and orcas,
+     discas lāgon      and dȳre swyrd,
+3050 ōmige þurh-etone,      swā hīe wið eorðan fæðm
+     þūsend wintra      þǣr eardodon:
+     þonne wæs þæt yrfe      ēacen-cræftig,
+     iū-monna gold      galdre bewunden,
+     þæt þām hring-sele      hrīnan ne mōste
+3055 gumena ǣnig,      nefne god sylfa,
+     sigora sōð-cyning,      sealde þām þe hē wolde
+     (hē is manna gehyld)      hord openian,
+     efne swā hwylcum manna,      swā him gemet þūhte.
+
+
+XLII. WĪGLAF SPEAKS. THE BUILDING OF THE BALE-FIRE.
+
+     Þā wæs gesȳne,      þæt se sīð ne þāh
+3060 þām þe unrihte      inne gehȳdde
+     wrǣte under wealle.      Weard ǣr ofslōh
+     fēara sumne;      þā sīo fǣhð gewearð
+     gewrecen wrāðlīce.      Wundur hwār, þonne
+     eorl ellen-rōf      ende gefēre
+3065 līf-gesceafta,      þonne leng ne mæg
+     mon mid his māgum      medu-seld būan.
+     Swā wæs Bīowulfe,      þā hē biorges weard
+     sōhte, searo-nīðas:      seolfa ne cūðe,
+     þurh hwæt his worulde gedāl      weorðan sceolde;
+3070 swā hit oð dōmes dæg      dīope benemdon
+     þēodnas mǣre,      þā þæt þǣr dydon,
+     þæt se secg wǣre      synnum scildig,
+     hergum geheaðerod,      hell-bendum fæst,
+     wommum gewītnad,      sē þone wong strāde.
+3075 Næs hē gold-hwæt:      gearwor hæfde
+     āgendes ēst      ǣr gescēawod.
+     Wīglāf maðelode,      Wīhstānes sunu:
+     "Oft sceall eorl monig      ānes willan
+     "wrǣc ādrēogan,      swā ūs geworden is.
+3080 "Ne meahton wē gelǣran      lēofne þēoden,
+     "rīces hyrde      rǣd ǣnigne,
+     "þæt hē ne grētte      gold-weard þone,
+     "lēte hyne licgean,      þǣr hē longe wæs,
+     "wīcum wunian      oð woruld-ende.
+3085 "Hēoldon hēah gesceap:      hord ys gescēawod,
+     "grimme gegongen;      wæs þæt gifeðe tō swīð,
+     "þē þone þēoden      þyder ontyhte.
+     "Ic wæs þǣr inne      and þæt eall geond-seh,
+     "recedes geatwa,      þā mē gerȳmed wæs,
+3090 "nealles swǣslīce      sīð ālȳfed
+     "inn under eorð-weall.      Ic on ofoste gefēng
+     "micle mid mundum      mægen-byrðenne
+     "hord-gestrēona,      hider ūt ætbær
+     "cyninge mīnum:      cwico wæs þā gēna,
+3095 "wīs and gewittig;      worn eall gespræc
+     "gomol on gehðo      and ēowic grētan hēt,
+     "bæd þæt gē geworhton      æfter wines dǣdum
+     "in bǣl-stede      beorh þone hēan
+     "micelne and mǣrne,      swā hē manna wæs
+3100 "wīgend weorð-fullost      wīde geond eorðan,
+     "þenden hē burh-welan      brūcan mōste.
+     "Uton nū efstan      ōðre sīðe
+     "sēon and sēcean      searo-geþræc,
+     "wundur under wealle!      ic ēow wīsige,
+3105 "þæt gē genōge      nēan scēawiað
+     "bēagas and brād gold.      Sīe sīo bǣr gearo
+     "ǣdre geæfned,      þonne wē ūt cymen,
+     "and þonne geferian      frēan ūserne,
+     "lēofne mannan,      þǣr hē longe sceal
+3110 "on þæs waldendes      wǣre geþolian."
+     Hēt þā gebēodan      byre Wīhstānes,
+     hæle hilde-dīor,      hæleða monegum
+     bold-āgendra,      þæt hīe bǣl-wudu
+     feorran feredon,      folc-āgende
+3115 gōdum tōgēnes:      "Nū sceal glēd fretan
+     "(weaxan wonna lēg)      wigena strengel,
+     "þone þe oft gebād      īsern-scūre,
+     "þonne strǣla storm,      strengum gebǣded,
+     "scōc ofer scild-weall,      sceft nytte hēold,
+3120 "feðer-gearwum fūs      flāne full-ēode."
+     Hūru se snotra      sunu Wīhstānes
+     ācīgde of corðre      cyninges þegnas
+     syfone tōsomne      þā sēlestan,
+     ēode eahta sum      under inwit-hrōf;
+3125 hilde-rinc sum      on handa bær
+     ǣled-lēoman,      sē þe on orde gēong.
+     Næs þā on hlytme,      hwā þæt hord strude,
+     syððan or-wearde      ǣnigne dǣl
+     secgas gesēgon      on sele wunian,
+3130 lǣne licgan:      lȳt ǣnig mearn,
+     þæt hī ofostlice      ūt geferedon
+     dȳre māðmas;      dracan ēc scufun,
+     wyrm ofer weall-clif,      lēton wǣg niman,
+     flōd fæðmian      frætwa hyrde.
+3135 Þǣr wæs wunden gold      on wǣn hladen,
+     ǣghwæs unrīm,      æðeling boren,
+     hār hilde-rinc      tō Hrones næsse.
+
+
+XLIII. BĒOWULF'S FUNERAL PYRE.
+
+     Him þā gegiredan      Gēata lēode
+     ād on eorðan      un-wāclīcne,
+3140 helmum behongen,      hilde-bordum,
+     beorhtum byrnum,      swā hē bēna wæs;
+     ālegdon þā tō-middes      mǣrne þēoden
+     hæleð hīofende,      hlāford lēofne.
+     Ongunnon þā on beorge      bǣl-fȳra mǣst
+3145 wīgend weccan:      wudu-rēc āstāh
+     sweart ofer swioðole,      swōgende lēg,
+     wōpe bewunden      (wind-blond gelæg)
+     oð þæt hē þā bān-hūs      gebrocen hæfde,
+     hāt on hreðre.      Higum unrōte
+3150 mōd-ceare mǣndon      mon-dryhtnes cwealm;
+     swylce giōmor-gyd      lat . con meowle
+     . . . . .      wunden heorde . . .
+     serg (?) cearig sǣlde      geneahhe
+     þæt hīo hyre . . . . gas hearde
+3155 . . . . . ede      wælfylla wonn . .
+     hildes egesan      hyðo
+     haf mid      heofon rēce swealh (?)
+     Geworhton þā      Wedra lēode
+     hlǣw on hlīðe,      sē wæs hēah and brād,
+3160 wǣg-līðendum      wīde gesȳne,
+     and betimbredon      on tȳn dagum
+     beadu-rōfes bēcn:      bronda betost
+     wealle beworhton,      swā hyt weorðlīcost
+     fore-snotre men      findan mihton.
+3165 Hī on beorg dydon      bēg and siglu,
+     eall swylce hyrsta,      swylce on horde ǣr
+     nīð-hȳdige men      genumen hæfdon;
+     forlēton eorla gestrēon      eorðan healdan,
+     gold on grēote,      þǣr hit nū gēn lifað
+3170 eldum swā unnyt,      swā hit ǣror wæs.
+     Þā ymbe hlǣw riodan      hilde-dēore,
+     æðelinga bearn      ealra twelfa,
+     woldon ceare cwīðan,      kyning mǣnan,
+     word-gyd wrecan      and ymb wer sprecan,
+3175 eahtodan eorl-scipe      and his ellen-weorc
+     duguðum dēmdon,      swā hit ge-dēfe bið,
+     þæt mon his wine-dryhten      wordum herge,
+     ferhðum frēoge,      þonne hē forð scile
+     of līc-haman      lǣne weorðan.
+3180 Swā begnornodon      Gēata lēode
+     hlāfordes hryre,      heorð-genēatas,
+     cwǣdon þæt hē wǣre      woruld-cyning
+     mannum mildust      and mon-þwǣrust,
+     lēodum līðost      and lof-geornost.
+
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+THE ATTACK IN FINNSBURG.
+
+     ". . . . . . . . . . . næs byrnað nǣfre."
+     Hleoðrode þā      heaðo-geong cyning:
+     "Ne þis ne dagað ēastan,      ne hēr draca ne flēogeð,
+     "ne hēr þisse healle      hornas ne byrnað,
+5    "ac fēr forð berað      fugelas singað,
+     "gylleð grǣg-hama,      gūð-wudu hlynneð,
+     "scyld scefte oncwyð.      Nū scȳneð þes mōna
+     "waðol under wolcnum;      nū ārīsað wēa-dǣda,
+     "þē þisne folces nīð      fremman willað.
+10   "Ac onwacnigeað nū,      wīgend mīne,
+     "hebbað ēowre handa,      hicgeað on ellen,
+     "winnað on orde,      wesað on mōde!"
+     Þā ārās monig gold-hladen þegn,      gyrde hine his swurde;
+     þā tō dura ēodon      drihtlīce cempan,
+15   Sigeferð and Eaha,      hyra sweord getugon,
+     and æt ōðrum durum      Ordlāf and Gūðlāf,
+     and Hengest sylf;      hwearf him on lāste.
+     Þā gīt Gārulf      Gūðere styrode,
+     þæt hīe swā frēolīc feorh      forman sīðe
+20   tō þǣre healle durum      hyrsta ne bǣran,
+     nū hyt nīða heard      ānyman wolde:
+     ac hē frægn ofer eal      undearninga,
+     dēor-mōd hæleð,      hwā þā duru hēolde.
+     "Sigeferð is mīn nama (cwæð hē),      ic eom Secgena lēod,
+25   "wrecca wīde cūð.      Fela ic wēana gebād,
+     "heardra hilda;      þē is gȳt hēr witod,
+     "swæðer þū sylf tō mē      sēcean wylle."
+     Þā wæs on wealle      wæl-slihta gehlyn,
+     sceolde cēlod bord      cēnum on handa
+30   bān-helm berstan.      Buruh-þelu dynede,
+     oð þæt æt þǣre gūðe      Gārulf gecrang,
+     ealra ǣrest      eorð-būendra,
+     Gūðlāfes sunu;      ymbe hine gōdra fela.
+     Hwearf flacra hrǣw      hræfn, wandrode
+35   sweart and sealo-brūn;      swurd-lēoma stōd
+     swylce eal Finns-buruh      fȳrenu wǣre.
+     Ne gefrægn ic nǣfre wurðlīcor      æt wera hilde
+     sixtig sige-beorna      sēl gebǣran,
+     ne nǣfre swānas swētne      medo sēl forgyldan,
+40   þonne Hnæfe guldon      his hæg-stealdas.
+     Hig fuhton fīf dagas,      swā hyra nān ne fēol
+     driht-gesīða,      ac hig þā duru hēoldon.
+     Þā gewāt him wund hæleð      on wæg gangan,
+     sǣde þæt his byrne      ābrocen wǣre,
+45   here-sceorpum hrōr,      and ēac wæs his helm þyrl.
+     Þā hine sōna frægn      folces hyrde,
+     hū þā wīgend      hyra wunda genǣson
+     oððe hwæðer þǣra hyssa . . . . . . .
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF NAMES; NOTES; AND GLOSSARY.
+
+ABBREVIATIONS
+
+m.: masculine.
+f.: feminine.
+n.: neuter.
+nom., gen.: nominative, genitive, etc.
+w.: weak.
+w. v.: weak verb.
+st.: strong.
+st. v.: strong verb.
+I., II., III.: first, second, third person.
+comp.: compound.
+imper.: imperative.
+w.: with.
+instr.: instrumental.
+G. and Goth.: Gothic.
+O.N.: Old Norse.
+O.S.: Old Saxon.
+O.H.G.: Old High German.
+M.H.G.: Middle High German.
+
+The vowel     æ = _a_ in _glad_ }
+The diphthong ǣ = _a_ in _hair_ } approximately.
+
+The names Leo, Bugge, Rieger, etc., refer to authors of emendations.
+
+Words beginning with ge- will be found under their root-word.
+
+Obvious abbreviations, like subj., etc., are not included in this list.
+
+
+
+LIST OF NAMES.
+
+Ābel, Cain's brother, 108.
+
+Ælf-here (gen. Ælf-heres, 2605), a kinsman of Wīglāf's, 2605.
+
+Æsc-here, confidential adviser of King Hrōðgār (1326), older brother of
+Yrmenlāf (1325), killed by Grendel's mother, 1295, 1324, 2123.
+
+Bān-stān, father of Breca, 524.
+
+Bēo-wulf, son of Scyld, king of the Danes, 18, 19. After the death of his
+father, he succeeds to the throne of the Scyldings, 53. His son is
+Healfdene, 57.
+
+Bēo-wulf (Bīowulf, 1988, 2390; gen. Bēowulfes, 857, etc., Bīowulfes, 2195,
+2808, etc.; dat. Bēowulfe, 610, etc., Bīowulfe, 2325, 2843), of the race of
+the Gēatas. His father is the Wǣgmunding Ecgþēow (263, etc.); his mother a
+daughter of Hrēðel, king of the Gēatas (374), at whose court he is brought
+up after his seventh year with Hrēðel's sons, Herebeald, Hæðcyn, and
+Hygelāc, 2429 ff. In his youth lazy and unapt (2184 f., 2188 f.); as man he
+attains in the gripe of his hand the strength of thirty men, 379. Hence his
+victories in his combats with bare hands (711 ff., 2502 ff.), while fate
+denies him the victory in the battle with swords, 2683 f. His
+swimming-match with Breca in his youth, 506 ff. Goes with fourteen Gēatas
+to the assistance of the Danish king, Hrōðgār, against Grendel, 198 ff. His
+combat with Grendel, and his victory, 711 ff., 819 ff. He is, in
+consequence, presented with rich gifts by Hrōðgār, 1021 ff. His combat with
+Grendel's mother, 1442 ff. Having again received gifts, he leaves Hrōðgār
+(1818-1888), and returns to Hygelāc, 1964 ff.--After Hygelāc's last battle
+and death, he flees alone across the sea, 2360 f. In this battle he crushes
+Dæghrefn, one of the Hūgas, to death, 2502 f. He rejects at the same time
+Hygelāc's kingdom and the hand of his widow (2370 ff.), but carries on the
+government as guardian of the young Heardrēd, son of Hygelāc, 2378 ff.
+After Heardrēd's death, the kingdom falls to Bēowulf, 2208,
+2390.--Afterwards, on an expedition to avenge the murdered Heardrēd, he
+kills the Scylfing, Ēadgils (2397), and probably conquers his country.
+--His fight with the drake, 2539 ff. His death, 2818. His burial, 3135 ff.
+
+Breca (acc. Brecan, 506, 531), son of Bēanstān, 524. Chief of the
+Brondings, 521. His swimming-match with Bēowulf, 506 ff.
+
+Brondingas (gen. Brondinga, 521), Breca, their chief, 521.
+
+Brōsinga mene, corrupted from, or according to Müllenhoff, written by
+mistake for, Breosinga mene (O.N., Brisinga men, cf. Haupts Zeitschr. XII.
+304), collar, which the Brisingas once possessed.
+
+Cain (gen. Caines, 107): descended from him are Grendel and his kin, 107,
+1262 ff.
+
+Dæg-hrefn (dat. Dæghrefne, 2502), a warrior of the Hūgas, who, according to
+2504-5, compared with 1203, and with 1208, seems to have been the slayer of
+King Hygelāc, in his battle against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hūgas.
+Is crushed to death by Bēowulf in a hand-to-hand combat, 2502 ff.
+
+Dene (gen. Dena, 242, etc., Denia, 2126, Deniga, 271, etc.; dat. Denum,
+768, etc.), as subjects of Scyld and his descendants, they are also called
+Scyldings; and after the first king of the East Danes, Ing (Runenlied, 22),
+Ing-wine, 1045, 1320. They are also once called Hrēðmen, 445. On account of
+their renowned warlike character, they bore the names Gār-Dene, 1, 1857,
+Hring-Dene (Armor-Danes), 116, 1280, Beorht-Dene, 427, 610. The great
+extent of this people is indicated by their names from the four quarters of
+the heavens: Ēast-Dene, 392, 617, etc., West-Dene, 383, 1579, Sūð-Dene,
+463, Norð-Dene, 784.--Their dwelling-place "in Scedelandum," 19, "on
+Scedenigge," 1687, "be sǣm twēonum," 1686.
+
+Ecg-lāf (gen. Ecglāfes, 499), Hunferð's father, 499.
+
+Ecg-þēow (nom. Ecgþēow, 263, Ecgþēo, 373; gen. Ecgþēowes, 529, etc.,
+Ecgþīowes, 2000), a far-famed hero of the Gēatas, of the house of the
+Wǣgmundings. Bēowulf is the son of Ecgþēow, by the only daughter of Hrēðel,
+king of the Gēatas, 262, etc. Among the Wylfings, he has slain Heaðolāf
+(460), and in consequence he goes over the sea to the Danes (463), whose
+king, Hrōðgār, by means of gold, finishes the strife for him, 470.
+
+Ecg-wela (gen. Ecg-welan, 1711). The Scyldings are called his descendants,
+1711. Grein considers him the founder of the older dynasty of Danish kings,
+which closes with Heremōd. See Heremōd.
+
+Elan, daughter of Healfdene, king of the Danes, (?) 62. According to the
+restored text, she is the wife of Ongenþēow, the Scylfing, 62, 63.
+
+Earna-næs, the Eagle Cape in the land of the Gēatas, where occurred
+Bēowulf's fight with the drake, 3032.
+
+Ēadgils (dat. Ēadgilse, 2393), son of Ōhthere, and grandson of Ongenþēow,
+the Scylfing, 2393. His older brother is
+
+Ēanmund (gen. Ēanmundes, 2612). What is said about both in our poem
+(2201-2207, 2380-2397, 2612-2620) is obscure, but the following may be
+conjectured:--
+
+The sons of Ōhthere, Ēanmund and Ēadgils, have rebelled against their
+father (2382), and must, in consequence, depart with their followers from
+Swīorīce, 2205-6, 2380. They come into the country of the Gēatas to
+Heardrēd (2380), but whether with friendly or hostile intent is not stated;
+but, according to 2203 f., we are to presume that they came against
+Heardrēd with designs of conquest. At a banquet (on feorme; or feorme, MS.)
+Heardrēd falls, probably through treachery, by the hand of one of the
+brothers, 2386, 2207. The murderer must have been Ēanmund, to whom,
+according to 2613, "in battle the revenge of Wēohstān brings death."
+Wēohstān takes revenge for his murdered king, and exercises upon Ēanmund's
+body the booty-right, and robs it of helm, breastplate, and sword
+(2616-17), which the slain man had received as gifts from his uncle, Onela,
+2617-18. But Wēohstān does not speak willingly of this fight, although he
+has slain Onela's brother's son, 2619-20.--After Heardrēd's and Ēanmund's
+death, the descendant of Ongenþēow, Ēadgils, returns to his home, 2388. He
+must give way before Bēowulf, who has, since Heardrēd's death, ascended the
+throne of the Gēatas, 2390. But Bēowulf remembers it against him in after
+days, and the old feud breaks out anew, 2392-94. Ēadgils makes an invasion
+into the land of the Gēatas (2394-95), during which he falls at the hands
+of Bēowulf, 2397. The latter must have then obtained the sovereignty over
+the Swēonas (3005-6, where only the version, Scylfingas, can give a
+satisfactory sense).
+
+Eofor (gen. Eofores, 2487, 2965; dat. Jofore, 2994, 2998), one of the
+Gēatas, son of Wonrēd and brother of Wulf (2965, 2979), kills the Swedish
+king, Ongenþēow (2487 ff., 2978-82), for which he receives from King
+Hygelāc, along with other gifts, his only daughter in marriage, 2994-99.
+
+Eormen-rīc (gen. Eormenrīces, 1202), king of the Goths (cf. about him, W.
+Grimm, Deutsche Heldensage, p. 2, ff.). Hāma has wrested the Brōsinga mene
+from him, 1202.
+
+Eomǣr, son of Offa and Þrȳðo (cf. Þrȳðo), 1961.
+
+Eotenas (gen. pl. Eotena, 1073, 1089, 1142; dat. Eotenum, 1146), the
+subjects of Finn, the North Frisians: distinguished from eoton, _giant_.
+Vid eoton. Cf. Bugge, Beit., xii. 37; Earle, Beowulf in Prose, pp. 146,
+198.
+
+Finn (gen. Finnes, 1069, etc.; dat. Finne, 1129), son of Folcwalda (1090),
+king of the North Frisians, i.e. of the Eotenas, husband of Hildeburg, a
+daughter of Hōc, 1072, 1077. He is the hero of the inserted poem on the
+Attack in Finnsburg, the obscure incidents of which are, perhaps, as
+follows: In Finn's castle, Finnsburg, situated in Jutland (1126-28), the
+Hōcing, Hnæf, a relative--perhaps a brother--of Hildeburg is spending some
+time as guest. Hnæf, who is a liegeman of the Danish king, Healfdene, has
+sixty men with him (Finnsburg, 38). These are treacherously attacked one
+night by Finn's men, 1073. For five days they hold the doors of their
+lodging-place without losing one of their number (Finnsburg, 41, 42). Then,
+however, Hnæf is slain (1071), and the Dane, Hengest, who was among Hnæf's
+followers, assumes the command of the beleaguered band. But on the
+attacking side the fight has brought terrible losses to Finn's men. Their
+numbers are diminished (1081 f.), and Hildeburg bemoans a son and a brother
+among the fallen (1074 f., cf. 1116, 1119). Therefore the Frisians offer
+the Danes peace (1086) under the conditions mentioned (1087-1095), and it
+is confirmed with oaths (1097), and money is given by Finn in propitiation
+(1108). Now all who have survived the battle go together to Friesland, the
+homo proper of Finn, and here Hengest remains during the winter, prevented
+by ice and storms from returning home (Grein). But in spring the feud
+breaks out anew. Gūðlāf and Oslāf avenge Hnæf's fall, probably after they
+have brought help from home (1150). In the battle, the hall is filled with
+the corpses of the enemy. Finn himself is killed, and the queen is captured
+and carried away, along with the booty, to the land of the Danes,
+1147-1160.
+
+Finna land. Bēowulf reaches it in his swimming-race with Breca, 580.
+
+Fitela, the son and nephew of the Wälsing, Sigemund, and his companion in
+arms, 876-890. (Sigemund had begotten Fitela by his sister, Signȳ. Cf.
+more at length Leo on Bēowulf, p. 38 ff., where an extract from the legend
+of the Walsungs is given.)
+
+Folc-walda (gen. Folc-waldan, 1090), Finn's father, 1090.
+
+Francan (gen. Francna, 1211; dat. Froncum, 2913). King Hygelāc fell on an
+expedition against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hūgas, 1211, 2917.
+
+Frēsan, Frȳsan (gen. Frēsena, 1094, Frȳsna, 1105, Frēsna, 2916: dat.
+Frȳsum, 1208, 2913). To be distinguished, are: 1) North Frisians, whose
+king is Finn, 1069 ff.; 2) West Frisians, in alliance with the Franks and
+Hūgas, in the war against whom Hygelāc falls, 1208, 2916. The country of
+the former is called Frȳsland, 1127; that of the latter, Frēsna land,
+2916.
+
+Fr..es wæl (in Fr..es wæle, 1071), mutilated proper name.
+
+Frēawaru, daughter of the Danish king, Hrōðgār; given in marriage to
+Ingeld, the son of the Heaðobeard king, Frōda, in order to end a war
+between the Danes and the Heaðobeardnas, 2023 ff., 2065.
+
+Frōda (gen. Frōdan), father of Ingeld, the husband of Frēaware, 2026.
+
+Gārmund (gen. Gārmundes, 1963) father of Offa. His grandson is Ēomǣr,
+1961-63.
+
+Gēatas (gen. Gēata, 205, etc.; dat. Gēatum, 195, etc.), a tribe in Southern
+Scandinavia, to which the hero of this poem belongs; also called
+Wedergēatas, 1493, 2552; or, Wederas, 225, 423, etc.; Gūðgēatas, 1539;
+Sǣgēatas, 1851, 1987. Their kings named in this poem are: Hrēðel; Hæðcyn,
+second son of Hrēðel; Hygelāc, the brother of Hæðcyn; Heardrēd, son of
+Hygelāc; then Bēowulf.
+
+Gifðas (dat. Gifðum, 2495), Gepidǣ, mentioned in connection with Danes and
+Swedes, 2495.
+
+Grendel, a fen-spirit (102-3) of Cain's race, 107, 111, 1262, 1267. He
+breaks every night into Hrōðgār's hall and carries off thirty warriors, 115
+ff., 1583ff. He continues this for twelve years, till Bēowulf fights with
+him (147, 711 ff.), and gives him a mortal wound, in that he tears out one
+of his arms (817), which is hung up as a trophy in the roof of Heorot, 837.
+Grendel's mother wishes to avenge her son, and the following night breaks
+into the hall and carries off Æschere, 1295. Bēowulf seeks for and finds
+her home in the fen-lake (1493 ff.), fights with her (1498 ff.), and kills
+her (1567); and cuts off the head of Grendel, who lay there dead (1589),
+and brings it to Hrōðgār, 1648.
+
+Gūð-lāf and Oslāf, Danish warriors under Hnæf, whose death they avenge on
+Finn, 1149.
+
+Hālga, with the surname, _til_, the younger brother of the Danish king,
+Hrōðgār, 61. His son is Hrōðulf, 1018, 1165, 1182.
+
+Hāma wrests the _Brōsinga mene_ from Eormenrīc, 1199.
+
+Hæreð (gen. Hæreðes, 1982), father of Hygd, the wife of Hygelāc, 1930,
+1982.
+
+Hæðcyn (dat. Hæðcynne, 2483), second son of Hrēðel, king of the Gēatas,
+2435. Kills his oldest brother, Herebeald, accidentally, with an arrow,
+2438 ff. After Hrēðel's death, he obtains the kingdom, 2475, 2483. He falls
+at Ravenswood, in the battle against the Swedish king, Ongenþēow, 2925. His
+successor is his younger brother, Hygelāc, 2944 ff., 2992.
+
+Helmingas (gen. Helminga, 621). From them comes Wealhþēow, Hrōðgār's wife,
+621.
+
+Heming (gen. Heminges, 1945, 1962). Offa is called Heminges mǣg, 1945;
+Ēomǣr, 1962. According to Bachlechner (Pfeiffer's Germania, I., p. 458),
+Heming is the son of the sister of Gārmund, Offa's father.
+
+Hengest (gen. Hengestes, 1092; dat. Hengeste, 1084): about him and his
+relations to Hnæf and Finn, see Finn.
+
+Here-beald (dat. Herebealde, 2464), the oldest son of Hrēðel, king of the
+Gēatas (2435), accidentally killed with an arrow by his younger brother,
+Hæðcyn, 2440.
+
+Here-mōd (gen. Heremōdes, 902), king of the Danes, not belonging to the
+Scylding dynasty, but, according to Grein, immediately preceding it; is, on
+account of his unprecedented cruelty, driven out, 902 ff., 1710.
+
+Here-rīc (gen. Hererīces, 2207) Heardrēd is called Hererīces nefa, 2207.
+Nothing further is known of him.
+
+Het-ware or Franks, in alliance with the Frisians and the Hūgas, conquer
+Hygelāc, king of the Gēatas, 2355, 2364 ff., 2917.
+
+Healf-dene (gen. Healfdenes, 189, etc.), son of Bēowulf, the Scylding (57);
+rules the Danes long and gloriously (57 f.); has three sons, Heorogār,
+Hrōðgār, and Hālga (61), and a daughter, Elan, who, according to the
+renewed text of the passage, was married to the Scylfing, Ongenþēow, 62,
+63.
+
+Heard-rēd (dat. Heardrēde, 2203, 2376), son of Hygelāc, king of the Gēatas,
+and Hygd. After his father's death, while still under age, he obtains the
+throne (2371, 2376, 2379); wherefore Bēowulf, as nephew of Heardrēd's
+father, acts as guardian to the youth till he becomes older, 2378. He is
+slain by Ōhthere's sons, 2386. This murder Bēowulf avenges on Ēadgils,
+2396-97.
+
+Heaðo-beardnas (gen. -beardna, 2033, 2038, 2068), the tribe of the
+Lombards. Their king, Frōda, has fallen in a war with the Danes, 2029,
+2051. In order to end the feud, King Hrōðgār has given his daughter,
+Frēawaru, as wife to the young Ingeld, the son of Frōda, a marriage that
+does not result happily; for Ingeld, though he long defers it on account of
+his love for his wife, nevertheless takes revenge for his father, 2021-2070
+(Wīdsīð, 45-49).
+
+Heaðo-lāf (dat. Heaðo-lāfe, 460), a Wylfingish warrior. Ecgþēow, Bēowulf's
+father, kills him, 460.
+
+Heaðo-rǣmas reached by B. in the swimming-race with Bēowulf, 519.
+
+Heoro-gār (nom. 61; Heregār, 467; Hiorogār, 2159), son of Healfdene, and
+older brother of Hrōðgār, 61. His death is mentioned, 467. He has a son,
+Heoroweard, 2162. His coat of mail Bēowulf has received from Hrōðgār
+(2156), and presents it to Hygelāc, 2158.
+
+Heoro-weard (dat. Heorowearde, 2162), Heorogār's son, 2161-62.
+
+Heort, 78. Heorot, 166 (gen. Heorotes, 403; dat. Heorote, 475, Heorute,
+767, Hiorte, 2100). Hrōðgār's throne-room and banqueting hall and
+assembly-room for his liegemen, built by him with unusual splendor, 69, 78.
+In it occurs Bēowulf's fight with Grendel, 720 ff. The hall receives its
+name from the stag's antlers, of which the one-half crowns the eastern
+gable, the other half the western.
+
+Hildeburh, daughter of Hōc, relative of the Danish leader, Hnæf, consort of
+the Frisian king, Finn. After the fall of the latter, she becomes a captive
+of the Danes, 1072, 1077, 1159. See also under Finn.
+
+Hnæf (gen. Hnæfes, 1115), a Hōcing (Wīdsīð, 29), the Danish King
+Healfdene's general, 1070 ff. For his fight with Finn, his death and
+burial, see under Finn.
+
+Hond-scīo, warrior of the Gēatas: dat. 2077.
+
+Hōc (gen. Hōces, 1077), father of Hildeburh, 1077; probably also of Hnæf
+(Wīdsīð, 29).
+
+Hrēðel (gen. Hrēðles, 1486), son of Swerting, 1204. King of the Gēatas,
+374. He has, besides, a daughter, who is married to Ecgþēow, and has borne
+him Bēowulf, (374), three sons, Herebeald, Hæðcyn, and Hygelāc, 2435. The
+eldest of these is accidentally killed by the second, 2440. On account of
+this inexpiable deed, Hrēðel becomes melancholy (2443), and dies, 2475.
+
+Hrēðla (gen. Hrēðlan, MS. Hrǣdlan, 454), the same as Hrēðel (cf. Müllenhoff
+in Haupts Zeitschrift, 12, 260), the former owner of Bēowulf's coat of
+mail, 454.
+
+Hrēðling, son of Hrēðel, Hygelāc: nom. sg. 1924; nom. pl., the subjects of
+Hygelāc, the Geats, 2961.
+
+Hrēð-men (gen. Hrēð-manna, 445), the Danes are so called, 445.
+
+Hrēð-rīc, son of Hrōðgār, 1190, 1837.
+
+Hrefna-wudu, 2926, or Hrefnes-holt, 2936, the thicket near which the
+Swedish king, Ongenþēow, slew Hæðcyn, king of the Gēatas, in battle.
+
+Hrēosna-beorh, promontory in the land of the Gēatas, near which Ongenþēow's
+sons, Ōhthere and Onela, had made repeated robbing incursions into the
+country after Hrēðel's death. These were the immediate cause of the war in
+which Hrēðel's son, King Hæcyn, fell, 2478 ff.
+
+Hrōð-gār (gen. Hrōðgāres, 235, etc.; dat. Hrōðgāre, 64, etc.), of the
+dynasty of the Scyldings; the second of the three sons of King Healfdene,
+61. After the death of his elder brother, Heorogār, he assumes the
+government of the Danes, 465, 467 (yet it is not certain whether Heorogār
+was king of the Danes before Hrōðgār, or whether his death occurred while
+his father, Healfdene, was still alive). His consort is Wealhþēow (613), of
+the stock of the Helmings (621), who has borne him two sons, Hrēðrīc and
+Hrōðmund (1190), and a daughter, Frēaware (2023), who has been given in
+marriage to the king of the Heaðobeardnas, Ingeld. His throne-room (78
+ff.), which has been built at great cost (74 ff.), is visited every night
+by Grendel (102, 115), who, along with his mother, is slain by Bēowulf (711
+ff., 1493 ff). Hrōðgār's rich gifts to Bēowulf, in consequence, 1021, 1818;
+he is praised as being generous, 71 ff., 80, 1028 ff., 1868 ff.; as being
+brave, 1041 ff., 1771 ff.; and wise, 1699, 1725.--Other information about
+Hrōðgār's reign for the most part only suggested: his expiation of the
+murder which Ecgþēow, Bēowulf's father, committed upon Heaðolāf, 460, 470;
+his war with the Heaðobeardnas; his adjustment of it by giving his
+daughter, Frēaware, in marriage to their king, Ingeld; evil results of this
+marriage, 2021-2070.--Treachery of his brother's son, Hrōðulf, intimated,
+1165-1166.
+
+Hrōð-mund, Hrōðgār's son, 1190.
+
+Hrōð-ulf, probably a son of Hālga, the younger brother of King Hrōðgār,
+1018, 1182. Wealhþēow expresses the hope (1182) that, in case of the early
+death of Hrōðgār, Hrōð-ulf would prove a good guardian to Hrōðgār's young
+son, who would succeed to the government; a hope which seems not to have
+been accomplished, since it appears from 1165, 1166 that Hrōð-ulf has
+abused his trust towards Hrōðgār.
+
+Hrones-næs (dat. -næsse, 2806, 3137), a promontory on the coast of the
+country of the Gēatas, visible from afar. Here is Bēowulf's grave-mound,
+2806, 3137.
+
+Hrunting (dat. Hruntinge, 1660), Hunferð's sword, is so called, 1458, 1660.
+
+Hūgas (gen. Hūga, 2503), Hygelāc wars against them allied with the Franks
+and Frisians, and falls, 2195 ff. One of their heroes is called Dæghrefn,
+whom Bēowulf slays, 2503.
+
+[H]ūn-ferð, the son of Ecglāf, þyle of King Hrōðgār. As such, he has his
+place near the throne of the king, 499, 500, 1167. He lends his sword,
+Hrunting, to Bēowulf for his battle with Grendel's mother, 1456 f.
+According to 588, 1168, he slew his brothers. Since his name is always
+alliterated with vowels, it is probable that the original form was, as
+Rieger (Zachers Ztschr., 3, 414) conjectures, Unferð.
+
+Hūn-lāfing, name of a costly sword, which Finn presents to Hengest, 1144.
+See Note.
+
+Hygd (dat. Hygde, 2173), daughter of Hæreð, 1930; consort of Hygelāc, king
+of the Gēatas, 1927; her son, Heardrēd, 2203, etc.--Her noble, womanly
+character is emphasized, 1927 ff.
+
+Hyge-lāc (gen. Hige-lāces, 194, etc., Hygelāces, 2387; dat. Higelāce, 452,
+Hygelāce, 2170), king of the Gēatas, 1203, etc. His grandfather is
+Swerting, 1204; his father, Hrēðel, 1486, 1848; his older brothers,
+Herebeald and Hæðcyn, 2435; his sister's son, Bēowulf, 374, 375. After his
+brother, Hæðcyn, is killed by Ongenþēow, he undertakes the government (2992
+in connection with the preceding from 2937 on). To Eofor he gives, as
+reward for slaying Ongenþēow, his only daughter in marriage, 2998. But much
+later, at the time of the return of Bēowulf from his expedition to Hrōðgār,
+we see him married to the very young Hygd, the daughter of Hæreð, 1930. The
+latter seems, then, to have been his second wife. Their son is Heardrēd,
+2203, 2376, 2387.--Hygelāc falls during an expedition against the Franks,
+Frisians, and Hūgas, 1206, 1211, 2356-59, 2916-17.
+
+Ingeld (dat. Ingelde, 2065), son of Frōda, the Heaðobeard chief, who fell
+in a battle with the Danes, 2051 ff. in order to end the war, Ingeld is
+married to Frēawaru, daughter of the Danish king, Hrōðgār, 2025-30. Yet his
+love for his young wife can make him forget only for a short while his
+desire to avenge his father. He finally carries it out, excited thereto by
+the repeated admonitions of an old warrior, 2042-70 (Wīdsīð, 45-59).
+
+Ing-wine (gen. Ingwina, 1045, 1320), friends of Ing, the first king of the
+East Danes. The Danes are so called, 1045, 1320.
+
+Mere-wīoingas (gen. Mere-wīoinga, 2922), as name of the Franks, 2922.
+
+Nægling, the name of Bēowulf's sword, 2681.
+
+Offa (gen. Offan, 1950), king of the Angles (Wīdsīð, 35), the son of
+Gārmund, 1963; married (1950) to Þrȳðo (1932), a beautiful but cruel
+woman, of unfeminine spirit (1932 ff.), by whom he has a son, Ēomǣr, 1961.
+
+Ōht-here (gen. Ōhtheres, 2929, 2933; Ōhteres, 2381, 2393, 2395, 2613), son
+of Ongenþēow, king of the Swedes, 2929. His sons are Ēanmund (2612) and
+Ēadgils, 2393.
+
+Onela (gen. Onelan, 2933), Ōhthere's brother, 2617, 2933.
+
+Ongen-þēow (nom. -þēow, 2487, -þīo, 2952; gen. -þēowes, 2476, -þīowes,
+2388; dat. -þīo, 2987), of the dynasty of the Scylfings; king of the
+Swedes, 2384. His wife is, perhaps, Elan, daughter of the Danish king,
+Healfdene (62), and mother of two sons, Onela and Ōhthere, 2933. She is
+taken prisoner by Hæðcyn, king of the Gēatas, on an expedition into Sweden,
+which he undertakes on account of her sons' plundering raids into his
+country, 2480 ff. She is set free by Ongenþēow (2931), who kills Hæðcyn,
+2925, and encloses the Gēatas, now deprived of their leader, in the
+Ravenswood (2937 ff.), till they are freed by Hygelāc, 2944. A battle then
+follows, which is unfavorable to Ongenþēow's army. Ongenþēow himself,
+attacked by the brothers, Wulf and Eofor, is slain by the latter, 2487 ff.,
+2962 ff.
+
+Ōs-lāf, a warrior of Hnæf's, who avenges on Finn his leader's death, 1149
+f.
+
+Scede-land, 19. Sceden-īg (dat. Sceden-īgge, 1687), O.N., Scān-ey, the most
+southern portion of the Scandinavian peninsula, belonging to the Danish
+kingdom, and, in the above-mentioned passages of our poem, a designation of
+the whole Danish kingdom.
+
+Scēf or Scēaf. See Note.
+
+Scēfing, the son (?) of Scēf, or Scēaf, reputed father of Scyld, 4. See
+Note.
+
+Scyld (gen. Scyldes, 19), a Scēfing. 4. His son is Bēowulf, 18, 53: his
+grandson, Healfdene, 57; his great-grandson, Hrōðgār, who had two brothers
+and a sister, 59 ff.--Scyld dies, 26; his body, upon a decorated ship, is
+given over to the sea (32 ff.), just as he, when a child, drifted alone,
+upon a ship, to the land of the Danes, 43 ff. After him his descendants
+bear his name.
+
+Scyldingas (Scyldungas, 2053; gen. Scyldinga, 53, etc., Scyldunga, 2102,
+2160; dat. Scyldingum, 274, etc.), a name which is extended also to the
+Danes, who are ruled by the Scyldings, 53, etc. They are also called
+Ār-Scyldingas, 464; Sige-Scyldingas, 598, 2005; Þēod-Scyldingas, 1020;
+Here-Scyldingas, 1109.
+
+Scylfingas, a Swedish royal family, whose relationship seems to extend to
+the Gēatas, since Wīglāf, the son of Wīhstān, who in another place, as a
+kinsman of Bēowulf, is called a Wǣgmunding (2815), is also called lēod
+Scylfinga, 2604. The family connections are perhaps as follows:--
+
+              Scylf.
+                |
+     ------------------------
+     Wǣgmund.         .......
+        |                |
+------------------  ----------
+Ecgþēow.  Wēohstān.  Ongenþēow.
+   |         |           |
+-------- -------- ---------------
+Bēowulf.  Wīglāf.  Onela. Ōhthere.
+                             |
+                 -----------------
+                 Ēaumund. Ēadgils.
+
+The Scylfings are also called Heaðo-Scilfingas, 63, Gūð-Scylfingas, 2928.
+
+Sige-mund (dat. -munde, 876, 885), the son of Wæls, 878, 898. His (son and
+) nephew is Fitela, 880, 882. His fight with the drake, 887 ff.
+
+Swerting (gen. Swertinges, 1204), Hygelāc's grandfather, and Hrēðel's
+father, 1204.
+
+Swēon (gen. Swēona, 2473, 2947, 3002), also Swēo-þēod, 2923. The dynasty of
+the Scylfings rules over them, 2382, 2925. Their realm is called Swīorice,
+2384, 2496.
+
+Þrȳðo, consort of the Angle king, Offa, 1932, 1950. Mother of Ēomǣr, 1961,
+notorious on account of her cruel, unfeminine character, 1932 ff. She is
+mentioned as the opposite to the mild, dignified Hygd, the queen of the
+Gēatas.
+
+Wæls (gen. Wælses, 898), father of Sigemund, 878, 898.
+
+Wǣg-mundingas (gen. Wǣgmundinga, 2608, 2815). The Wǣgmundings are on one
+side, Wīhstān and his son Wīglāf; on the other side, Ecgþēow and his son
+Bēowulf (2608, 2815). See under Scylfingas.
+
+Wederas (gen. Wedera, 225, 423, 498, etc.), or Weder-gēatas. See Gēatas.
+
+Wēland (gen. Wēlandes, 455), the maker of Bēowulf's coat of mail, 455.
+
+Wendlas (gen. Wendla, 348): their chief is Wulfgār. See Wulfgār. The
+Wendlas are, according to Grundtvig and Bugge, the inhabitants of Vendill,
+the most northern part of Jutland, between Limfjord and the sea.
+
+Wealh-þēow (613, Wealh-þēo, 665, 1163), the consort of King Hrōðgār, of the
+stock of the Helmings, 621. Her sons are Hrēðrīc and Hrōðmund, 1190; her
+daughter, Frēawaru, 2023.
+
+Wēoh-stān (gen. Wēox-stānes, 2603, Wēoh-stānes, 2863, Wih-stānes, 2753,
+2908, etc.), a Wǣgmunding (2608), father of Wīglāf, 2603. In what
+relationship to him Ælfhere, mentioned 2605, stands, is not
+clear.--Wēohstān is the slayer of Ēanmund (2612), in that, as it seems, he
+takes revenge for his murdered king, Heardrēd. See Ēanmund.
+
+Wīg-lāf, Wēohstān's son, 2603, etc., a Wǣgmunding, 2815, and so also a
+Scylfing, 2604; a kinsman of Ælfhere, 2605. For his relationship to
+Bēowulf, see the genealogical table under Scylfingas.--He supports Bēowulf
+in his fight with the drake, 2605 ff., 2662 ff. The hero gives him, before
+his death, his ring, his helm, and his coat of mail, 2810 ff.
+
+Won-rēd (gen. Wonrēdes, 2972), father of Wulf and Eofor, 2966, 2979.
+
+Wulf (dat. Wulfe, 2994), one of the Gēatas, Wonrēd's son. He fights in the
+battle between the armies of Hygelāc and Ongenþēow with Ongenþēow himself,
+and gives him a wound (2966), whereupon Ongenþēow, by a stroke of his
+sword, disables him, 2975. Eofor avenges his brother's fall by dealing
+Ongenþēow a mortal blow, 2978 ff.
+
+Wulf-gār, chief of the Wendlas, 348, lives at Hrōðgār's court, and is his
+"ār and ombiht," 335.
+
+Wylfingas (dat. Wylfingum, 461). Ecgþēow has slain Heoðolāf, a warrior of
+this tribe, 460.
+
+Yrmen-lāf, younger brother of Æschere, 1325.
+
+
+
+
+ABBREVIATIONS.
+
+B.: Bugge.
+Br.: S.A. Brooke, Hist. of Early Eng. Lit.
+C.: Cosijn.
+E.: Earle, Deeds of Beowulf in Prose.
+G.: Garnett, Translation of Beowulf
+Gr.: Grein.
+H.: Heyne.
+Ha.: Hall, Translation of Beowulf.
+H.-So.: Heyne-Socin, 5th ed.
+Ho.: Holder.
+K.: Kemble.
+Kl.: Kluge.
+Müllenh.: Müllenhoff.
+R.: Rieger.
+S.: Sievers.
+Sw.: Sweet, Anglo-Saxon Reader, 6th ed.
+Ten Br.: Ten Brink.
+Th.: Thorpe.
+Z.: Zupitza.
+
+PERIODICALS.
+
+Ang.: Anglia.
+Beit.: Paul und Branne's Beiträge.
+Eng. Stud.: Englische Studien.
+Germ.: Germania.
+Haupts Zeitschr.: Haupts Zeitschrift, etc.
+Mod. Lang. Notes: Modern Language Notes.
+Tidskr.: Tidskrift for Philologi.
+Zachers Zeitschr.: Zachers Zeitschrift, etc.
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+l. 1. hwæt: for this interjectional formula opening a poem, cf. _Andreas,
+Daniel, Juliana, Exodus, Fata Apost., Dream of the Rood_, and the
+"Listenith lordinges!" of mediaeval lays.--E. Cf. Chaucer, Prologue, ed.
+Morris, l. 853:
+
+"Sin I shal beginne the game, _What_, welcome be the cut, a Goddes name!"
+
+wē ... gefrūnon is a variant on the usual epic formulǣ ic gefrægn (l. 74)
+and mīne gefrǣge (l. 777). _Exodus, Daniel, Phoenix_, etc., open with the
+same formula.
+
+l. 1. "Gār was the javelin, armed with two of which the warrior went into
+battle, and which he threw over the 'shield-wall.' It was barbed."--Br.
+124. Cf. _Maldon_, l. 296; _Judith_, l. 224; _Gnom. Verses_, l. 22; etc.
+
+l. 4. "Scild of the Sheaf, not 'Scyld the son of Scaf'; for it is too
+inconsistent, even in myth, to give a patronymic to a foundling. According
+to the original form of the story, Scēaf was the foundling; he had come
+ashore with a sheaf of corn, and from that was named. This form of the
+story is preserved in Ethelwerd and in William of Malmesbury. But here the
+foundling is Scyld, and we must suppose he was picked up with the sheaf,
+and hence his cognomen."--E., p. 105. Cf. the accounts of Romulus and
+Remus, of Moses, of Cyrus, etc.
+
+l. 6. egsian is also used in an active sense (not in the Gloss.), = _to
+terrify_.
+
+l. 15. S. suggests þā (_which_) for þæt, as object of drēogan; and for
+aldor-lēase, Gr. suggested aldor-ceare.--_Beit_. ix. 136.
+
+S. translates: "For God had seen the dire need which the rulerless ones
+before endured."
+
+l. 18. "Beowulf (that is, Beaw of the Anglo-Saxon genealogists, not our
+Beowulf, who was a Geat, not a Dane), 'the son of Scyld in Scedeland.' This
+is our ancestral myth,--the story of the first culture-hero of the North;
+'the patriarch,' as Rydberg calls him, 'of the royal families of Sweden,
+Denmark, Angeln, Saxland, and England.'"--Br., p. 78. Cf. _A.-S. Chron._
+an. 855.
+
+H.-So. omits parenthetic marks, and reads (after S., _Beit._ ix. 135)
+eaferan; cf. _Fata Apost._: lof wīde sprang þēodnes þegna.
+
+"The name _Bēowulf_ means literally 'Bee-wolf,' wolf or ravager of the
+bees, = bear. Cf. _beorn_, 'hero,' originally 'bear,' and _bēohata_,
+'warrior,' in Cǣdmon, literally 'bee-hater' or 'persecutor,' and hence
+identical in meaning with _bēowulf_."--Sw.
+
+Cf.
+
+"Arcite and Palamon, That foughten _breme_, as it were bores two."
+--Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 841, ed. Morris.
+
+Cf. M. Müller, _Science of Lang._, Sec. Series, pp. 217, 218; and Hunt's
+_Daniel_, 104.
+
+l. 19. Cf. l. 1866, where Scedenig is used, = _Scania_, in Sweden(?).
+
+l. 21. wine is pl.; cf. its apposition wil-gesīðas below. H.-So. compares
+_Héliand_, 1017, for language almost identical with ll. 20, 21.
+
+l. 22. on ylde: cf.
+
+"_In elde_ is bothe wisdom and usage." --Chaucer, _Knightes Tale_, l. 1590,
+ed. Morris.
+
+l. 26. Reflexive objects often pleonastically accompany verbs of motion;
+cf. ll. 234, 301, 1964, etc.
+
+l. 31. The object of āhte is probably geweald, to be supplied from wordum
+wēold of l. 30.--H.-So.
+
+R., Kl., and B. all hold conflicting views of this passage: _Beit._ xii.
+80, ix. 188; _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 382, etc. Kl. suggests lǣndagas for
+lange.
+
+l. 32. "hringed-stefna is sometimes translated 'with curved prow,' but it
+means, I think, that in the prow were fastened rings through which the
+cables were passed that tied it to the shore."--Br., p. 26. Cf. ll. 1132,
+1898. Hring-horni was the mythic ship of the Edda. See Toller-Bosworth for
+three different views; and cf. wunden-stefna (l. 220), hring-naca (l.
+1863).
+
+ll. 34-52. Cf. the burial of Haki on a funeral-pyre ship, _Inglinga Saga;_
+the burial of Balder, Sinfiötli, Arthur, etc.
+
+l. 35. "And this [their joy in the sea] is all the plainer from the number
+of names given to the ship-names which speak their pride and affection. It
+is the AEtheling's vessel, the Floater, the Wave-swimmer, the Ring-sterned,
+the Keel, the Well-bound wood, the Sea-wood, the Sea-ganger, the Sea-broad
+ship, the Wide-bosomed, the Prow-curved, the Wood of the curved neck, the
+Foam-throated floater that flew like a bird."--Br., p. 168.
+
+l. 49. "We know from Scandinavian graves ... that the illustrious dead were
+buried ... in ships, with their bows to sea-ward; that they were however
+not sent to sea, but were either burnt in that position, or mounded over
+with earth."--E. See Du Chaillu, _The Viking Age_, xix.
+
+l. 51. (1) sele-rǣdende (K., S., C.); (2) sēle-rǣdenne (H.); (3)
+sele-rǣdende (H.-So.). Cf. l. 1347; and see Ha.
+
+l. 51. E. compares with this canto Tennyson's "Passing of Arthur" and the
+legendary burial-journey of St. James of Campostella, an. 800.
+
+l. 53. The poem proper begins with this, "There was once upon a time," the
+first 52 lines being a prelude. Eleven of the "fitts," or cantos, begin
+with the monosyllable þā, four with the verb gewītan, nine with the formula
+Hrōðgār (Bēowulf, Unferð) maðelode, twenty-four with monosyllables in
+general (him, swā, sē, hwæt, þā, heht, wæs, mæg, cwōm, strǣt).
+
+l. 58. gamel. "The ... characteristics of the poetry are the use of archaic
+forms and words, such as mec for mé, the possessive sín, gamol, dógor, swát
+for eald, dǣg, blód, etc., after they had become obsolete in the prose
+language, and the use of special compounds and phrases, such as hildenǣdre
+(_war-adder_) for 'arrow,' gold-gifa (_gold-giver_) for 'king,' ...
+goldwine gumena (_goldfriend of men, distributor of gold to men_) for
+'king,'" etc.--Sw. Other poetic words are ides, ielde (_men_), etc.
+
+l. 60. H.-So. reads rǣswa (referring to Heorogār alone), and places a point
+(with the Ms.) after Heorogār instead of after rǣswa. Cf. l. 469; see B.,
+_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 193.
+
+l. 62. Elan here (OHG. _Elana, Ellena, Elena, Elina, Alyan_) is thought by
+B. (_Tidskr._ viii. 43) to be a remnant of the masc. name Onela, and he
+reads: [On-]elan ewēn, Heaðoscilfingas(=es) healsgebedda.
+
+l. 68. For hē, omitted here, cf. l. 300. Pronouns are occasionally thus
+omitted in subord. clauses.--Sw.
+
+l. 70. þone, here = þonne, _than_, and micel = māre? The passage, by a
+slight change, might be made to read, medo-ærn micle mā gewyrcean,--þone =
+_by much larger than_,--in which þone (þonne) would come in naturally.
+
+l. 73. folc-scare. Add _folk-share_ to the meanings in the Gloss.; and cf.
+gūð-scearu.
+
+l. 74. ic wide gefrægn: an epic formula very frequent in poetry, = _men
+said._ Cf. _Judith_, ll. 7, 246; _Phoenix_, l. 1; and the parallel (noun)
+formula, mīne gefrǣge, ll. 777, 838, 1956, etc.
+
+ll. 78-83. "The hall was a rectangular, high-roofed, wooden building, its
+long sides facing north and south. The two gables, at either end, had
+stag-horns on their points, curving forwards, and these, as well as the
+ridge of the roof, were probably covered with shining metal, and glittered
+bravely in the sun."--Br., p. 32.
+
+l. 84. _Son-in-law and father-in-law;_ B., a so-called _dvanda_ compound.
+Cf. l. 1164, where a similar compound means _uncle and nephew;_ and
+Wīdsīð's suhtorfǣdran, used of the same persons.
+
+l. 88. "The word drēam conveys the buzz and hum of social happiness, and
+more particularly the sound of music and singing."--E. Cf. l. 3021; and
+_Judith_, l. 350; _Wanderer_, l. 79, etc.
+
+ll. 90-99. There is a suspicious similarity between this passage and the
+lines attributed by Bede to Cǣdmon:
+
+Nū wē sculan herian heofonrices Weard, etc. --Sw., p. 47.
+
+ll. 90-98 are probably the interpolation of a Christian scribe.
+
+ll. 92-97. "The first of these Christian elements [in _Bēowulf_] is the
+sense of a fairer, softer world than that in which the Northern warriors
+lived.... Another Christian passage (ll. 107, 1262) derives all the demons,
+eotens, elves, and dreadful sea-beasts from the race of Cain. The folly of
+sacrificing to the heathen gods is spoken of (l. 175).... The other point
+is the belief in immortality (ll. 1202, 1761)."--Br. 71.
+
+l. 100. Cf. l. 2211, where the third dragon of the poem is introduced in
+the same words. Beowulf is the forerunner of that other national
+dragon-slayer, St. George.
+
+l. 100. onginnan in _Bēowulf_ is treated like verbs of motion and modal
+auxiliaries, and takes the object inf. without tō; cf. ll. 872, 1606, 1984,
+244. Cf. _gan_ (= _did_) in Mid. Eng.: _gan_ espye (Chaucer, _Knightes
+Tale_, l. 254, ed. Morris).
+
+l. 101. B. and H.-So. read, fēond on healle; cf. l. 142.--_Beit._ xii.
+
+ll. 101-151. "Grimm connects [Grendel] with the Anglo-Saxon grindel (_a
+bolt_ or _bar_).... It carries with it the notion of the bolts and bars of
+hell, and hence _a fiend._ ... Ettmüller was the first ... to connect the
+name with grindan, _to grind, to crush to pieces, to utterly destroy._
+Grendel is then _the tearer, the destroyer_."--Br., p. 83.
+
+l. 102. gæst = _stranger_ (Ha.); cf. ll. 1139, 1442, 2313, etc.
+
+l. 103. See Ha., p. 4.
+
+l. 105 MS. and Ho. read won-sǣli.
+
+l. 106. "The perfect and pluperfect are often expressed, as in Modern
+English, by hǣfð and hǣfde with the past participle."--Sw. Cf. ll. 433,
+408, 940, 205 (p. p. inflected in the last two cases), etc.
+
+l. 106. S. destroys period here, reads in Caines, etc., and puts þone ...
+drihten in parenthesis.
+
+l. 108. þæs þe = _because_, especially after verbs of thanking (cf. ll.
+228, 627, 1780, 2798); _according as_ (l. 1351).
+
+l. 108. The def. article is omitted with Drihten (_Lord_) and Deofol
+(_devil_; cf. l. 2089), as it is, generally, sparingly employed in poetry;
+cf. tō sǣ (l. 318), ofer sǣ (l. 2381), on lande (l. 2311), tō ræste (l.
+1238), on wicge (l. 286), etc., etc.
+
+l. 119. weras (S., H.-So.); wera (K., Th.).--_Beit._ ix. 137.
+
+l. 120. unfǣlo = _uncanny_ (R.).
+
+l. 131. E. translates, _majestic rage;_ adopting Gr.'s view that swyð is =
+Icel. sviði, _a burn_ or _burning_. Cf. l. 737.
+
+l. 142. B. supposes heal-þegnes to be corrupted from helþegnes; cf. l.
+101.--_Beit._ xii. 80. See Gūðlāc, l. 1042.
+
+l. 144. See Ha., p. 6, for S.'s rearrangement.
+
+l. 146. S. destroys period after sēlest, puts wæs ... micel in parenthesis,
+and inserts a colon after tīd.
+
+l. 149. B. reads sārcwidum for syððan.
+
+l. 154. B. takes sibbe for accus. obj. of wolde, and places a comma after
+Deniga.--_Beit._ xii. 82.
+
+l. 159. R. suggests ac se for atol.
+
+l. 168. H.-So. plausibly conjectures this parenthesis to be a late
+insertion, as, at ll. 180-181, the Danes also are said to be heathen.
+Another commentator considers the throne under a "spell of enchantment,"
+and therefore it could not be touched.
+
+l. 169. nē ... wisse: _nor had he desire to do so_ (W.). See Ha., p. 7, for
+other suggestions.
+
+l. 169. myne wisse occurs in _Wanderer_, l. 27.
+
+l. 174. The gerundial inf. with tō expresses purpose, defines a noun or
+adjective, or, with the verb be, expresses duty or necessity passively; cf.
+ll. 257, 473, 1004, 1420, 1806, etc. Cf. tō + inf. at ll. 316, 2557.
+
+ll. 175-188. E. regards this passage as dating the time and place of the
+poem relatively to the times of heathenism. Cf. the opening lines, _In days
+of yore_, etc., as if the story, even then, were very old.
+
+l. 177. gāst-bona is regarded by Ettmüller and G. Stephens (_Thunor_, p.
+54) as an epithet of Thor (= _giant-killer_), a kenning for Thunor or Thor,
+meaning both _man_ and _monster_.--E.
+
+l. 189. Cf. l. 1993, where similar language is used. H.-So. takes both
+mōd-ceare and mǣl-ceare as accus., others as instr.
+
+ll. 190, 1994. sēað: for this use of sēoðan cf. Bede, _Eccles. Hist._, ed.
+Miller, p. 128, where p. p. soden is thus used.
+
+l. 194. fram hām = _in his home_ (S., H.-So.); but fram hām may be for fram
+him (_from them_, i.e. _his people_, or _from Hrothgar's_). Cf. Ha., p. 8.
+
+l. 197. Cf. ll. 791, 807, for this fixed phrase.
+
+l. 200. See _Andreas, Elene_, and _Juliana_ for swan-rād (_= sea_). "The
+swan is said to breed wild now no further away than the North of Sweden."
+--E. Cf. ganotes bæð, l. 1862.
+
+l. 203. Concessive clauses with þēah, þēah þe, þēah ... eal, vary with
+subj. and ind., according as fact or contingency is dominant in the mind;
+cf. ll. 526, 1168, 2032, etc. (subj.), 1103, 1614 (ind.). Cf. gif, nefne.
+
+l. 204. hǣl, an OE. word found in Wülker's Glossaries in various forms, =
+_augury, omen, divination_, etc. Cf. hǣlsere, _augur_; hǣl, _omen;_
+hǣlsung, _augurium_, hǣlsian, etc. Cf. Tac., _Germania_, 10.
+
+l. 207. C. adds "= _impetrare_" to the other meanings of findan given in
+the Gloss.
+
+l. 217. Cf. l. 1910; and _Andreas_, l. 993.--E. E. compares Byron's
+
+"And fast and falcon-like the vessel flew," --_Corsair_, i. 17.
+
+and Scott's
+
+"Merrily, merrily bounds the bark." --_Lord of the Isles_, iv. 7.
+
+l. 218. Cf.
+
+"The fomy stedes on the golden brydel Gnawinge." --Chaucer, _Knightes
+Tale_, l. 1648, ed. Morris.
+
+l 218. MS. and Ho. read fāmi-heals.
+
+l. 219. Does ān-tīd mean _hour_ (Th.), or _corresponding hour_ = ānd-tīd
+(H.-So.), or _in due time_ (E.), or _after a time_, when ōþres, etc., would
+be adv. gen.? See C., _Beit._ viii. 568.
+
+l. 224. eoletes may = (1) _voyage_; (2) _toil, labor_; (3) _hurried
+journey;_ but _sea_ or _fjord_ appears preferable.
+
+ll. 229-257. "The scenery ... is laid on the coast of the North Sea and the
+Kattegat, the first act of the poem among the Danes in Seeland, the second
+among the Geats in South Sweden."--Br., p. 15.
+
+l. 239. "A shoal of simple terms express in _Bēowulf_ the earliest
+sea-thoughts of the English.... The simplest term is Sǣ.... To this they
+added Wǣter, Flod, Stream, Lagu, Mere, Holm, Grund, Heathu, Sund, Brim,
+Garsecg, Eagor, Geofon, Fifel, Hron-rad, Swan-rad, Segl-rad,
+Ganotes-bǣð."--Br., p. 163-166.
+
+l. 239. "The infinitive is often used in poetry after a verb of motion
+where we should use the present participle."--Sw. Cf. ll. 711, 721, 1163
+1803, 268, etc. Cf. German _spazieren fahren reiten_, etc., and similar
+constructions in French, etc.
+
+l. 240, W. reads hringed-stefnan for helmas bǣron. B. inserts (?) after
+holmas and begins a new line at the middle of the verse. S. omits B.'s "on
+the wall."
+
+l. 245. Double and triple negatives strengthen each other and do not
+produce an affirmative in A.-S. or M. E. The neg. is often prefixed to
+several emphatic words in the sentence, and readily contracts with vowels,
+and h or w; cf. ll. 863, 182, 2125, 1509, 575, 583, 3016, etc.
+
+l. 249. seld-guma = _man-at-arms in another's house_ (Wood); = _low-ranking
+fellow_ (Ha.); stubenhocker, _stay-at-home_ (Gr.), Scott's "carpet knight,"
+_Marmion_, i. 5.
+
+l. 250. næfne (nefne, nemne) usually takes the subj., = _unless_; cf. ll.
+1057, 3055, 1553. For ind., = _except_, see l. 1354. Cf. būtan, gif, þēah.
+
+l. 250. For a remarkable account of armor and weapons in _Bēowulf_, see S.
+A. Brooke, _Hist. of Early Eng. Lit._ For general "Old Teutonic Life in
+Bēowulf," see J. A. Harrison, _Overland Monthly_.
+
+l. 252. ǣr as a conj. generally has subj., as here; cf. ll. 264, 677, 2819,
+732. For ind., cf. l. 2020.
+
+l. 253. lēas = _loose_, _roving_. Ettmüller corrected to lēase.
+
+l. 256. This proverb (ofest, etc.) occurs in _Exod._ (Hunt), l. 293.
+
+l. 258. An "elder" may be a very young man; hence yldesta, = _eminent_, may
+be used of Beowulf. Cf. _Laws of AElfred_, C. 17: Nā þæt ǣlc eald sȳ, ac
+þæt hē eald sȳ on wīsdōme.
+
+l. 273. Verbs of hearing and seeing are often followed by acc. with inf.;
+cf. ll. 229, 1024, 729, 1517, etc. Cf. German construction with _sehen,
+horen_, etc., French construction with _voir, entendre_, etc., and the
+classical constructions.
+
+l. 275. dǣd-hata = _instigator_. Kl. reads dǣd-hwata.
+
+l. 280. ed-wendan, n. (B.; cf. 1775), = edwenden, limited by bisigu. So ten
+Br. = _Tidskr._ viii. 291.
+
+l. 287. "Each is denoted ... also by the strengthened forms ǽghwæðer
+(ǽgðer), éghwæðer, etc. This prefixed ǽ, óe corresponds to the Goth, _aiw_,
+OHG. _eo_, _io_, and is umlauted from á, ó by the i of the gi which
+originally followed."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 190.
+
+l. 292. "All through the middle ages suits of armour are called
+'weeds.'"--E.
+
+l. 299. MS. reads gōd-fremmendra. So H.-So.
+
+l. 303. "An English warrior went into battle with a boar-crested helmet,
+and a round linden shield, with a byrnie of ringmail ... with two javelins
+or a single ashen spear some eight or ten feet long, with a long two-edged
+sword naked or held in an ornamental scabbard.... In his belt was a short,
+heavy, one-edged sword, or rather a long knife, called the seax ... used
+for close quarters."--Br., p. 121.
+
+l. 303. For other references to the boar-crest, cf. ll. 1112, 1287, 1454;
+Grimm, _Myth._ 195; Tacitus, _Germania_, 45. "It was the symbol of their
+[the Baltic AEstii's] goddess, and they had great faith in it as a
+preservative from hard knocks."--E. See the print in the illus. ed. of
+Green's _Short History_, Harper & Bros.
+
+l. 303. "See Kemble, _Saxons in England_, chapter on heathendom, and
+Grimm's _Teutonic Mythology_, chapter on Freyr, for the connection these
+and other writers establish between the Boar-sign and the golden boar which
+Freyr rode, and his worship."--Br., p. 128. Cf. _Elene_, l. 50.
+
+l. 304. Gering proposes hlēor-bergan = _cheek-protectors_; cf. _Beit._ xii.
+26. "A bronze disk found at Öland in Sweden represents two warriors in
+helmets with boars as their crests, and cheek-guards under; these are the
+hlēor-bergan."--E. Cf. hauberk, with its diminutive habergeon, < A.-S.
+heals, _neck_ + beorgan, _to cover_ or _protect_; and harbor, < A.-S. here,
+_army_ + beorgan, id.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ xii. 123. Cf. cinberge, Hunt's
+_Exod._ l. 175.
+
+l. 305. For ferh wearde and gūðmōde grummon, B. and ten Br. read
+ferh-wearde (l. 305) and gūðmōdgum men (l. 306), = _the boar-images ...
+guarded the lives of the warlike men_.
+
+l. 311. lēoma: cf. Chaucer, _Nonne Preestes Tale_, l. 110, ed. Morris:
+
+"To dremen in here dremes Of armes, and of fyr with rede _lemes_."
+
+l. 318. On the double gender of sǣ, cf. Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 147; and
+note the omitted article at ll. 2381, 318, 544, with the peculiar tmesis of
+_between_ at ll. 859, 1298, 1686, 1957. So _Cǣdmon_, l. 163 (Thorpe),
+_Exod._ l. 562 (Hunt), etc.
+
+l. 320. Cf. l. 924; and _Andreas_, l. 987, where almost the same words
+occur. "Here we have manifestly before our eye one of those ancient
+causeways, which are among the oldest visible institutions of
+civilization." --E.
+
+l. 322. S. inserts comma after scīr, and makes hring-īren (= _ring-mail_)
+parallel with gūð-byrne.
+
+l. 325. Cf. l. 397. "The deposit of weapons outside before entering a house
+was the rule at all periods.... In provincial Swedish almost everywhere a
+church porch is called våkenhus,... i.e. _weapon-house_, because the
+worshippers deposited their arms there before they entered the house."--E.,
+after G. Stephens.
+
+l. 333. Cf. Dryden's "mingled metal _damask'd_ o'er with gold."--E.
+
+l. 336. "ǣl-, el-, kindred with Goth. _aljis_, other, e.g. in ǣlþéodig,
+elþéodig, foreign."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 47.
+
+l. 336. Cf. l. 673 for the functions of an ombiht-þegn.
+
+l. 338. Ho. marks wræc- and its group long.
+
+l. 343. Cf. l. 1714 for the same bēod-genēatas,--"the predecessor title to
+that of the Knights of the Table Round."--E. Cf. _Andreas_ (K.), l. 2177.
+
+l. 344. The future is sometimes expressed by willan + inf., generally with
+some idea of volition involved; cf. ll. 351, 427, etc. Cf. the use of
+willan as principal vb. (with omitted inf.) at ll. 318, 1372, 543, 1056;
+and sculan, ll. 1784, 2817.
+
+l. 353. sīð here, and at l. 501, probably means _arrival_. E. translates
+the former by _visit_, the latter by _adventure_.
+
+l. 357. unhār = _hairless, bald_ (Gr., etc.).
+
+l. 358. ēode is only one of four or five preterits of gān (gongan, gangan,
+gengan), viz. gēong (gīong: ll. 926, 2410, etc.), gang (l. 1296, etc.),
+gengde (ll. 1402, 1413). Sievers, p. 217, apparently remarks that ēode is
+"probably used only in prose." (?!). Cf. geng, _Gen._ ll. 626, 834; _Exod._
+(Hunt) l. 102.
+
+l. 367. The MS. and H.-So. read with Gr. and B. glædman Hrōðgār, abandoning
+Thorkelin's glædnian. There is a glass. hilaris glædman.--_Beit._ xii. 84;
+same as glæd.
+
+l. 369. dugan is a "preterit-present" verb, with new wk. preterit, like
+sculan, durran, magan, etc. For various inflections, see ll. 573, 590,
+1822, 526. Cf. _do_ in "that will _do_"; _doughty_, etc.
+
+l. 372. Cf. l. 535 for a similar use; and l. 1220. Bede, _Eccles. Hist._,
+ed. Miller, uses the same expression several times. "Here, and in all other
+places where cniht occurs in this poem, it seems to carry that technical
+sense which it bore in the military hierarchy [of a noble youth placed out
+and learning the elements of the art of war in the service of a qualified
+warrior, to whom he is, in a military sense, a servant], before it bloomed
+out in the full sense of _knight_."--E.
+
+l. 373. E. remarks of the hyphened eald-fæder, "hyphens are risky toys to
+play with in fixing texts of pre-hyphenial antiquity"; eald-fæder could
+only = _grandfather_. eald here can only mean _honored_, and the hyphen is
+unnecessary. Cf. "old fellow," "my old man," etc.; and Ger. _alt-vater_.
+
+l. 378. Th. and B. propose Gēatum, as presents from the Danish to the
+Geatish king.--_Beit._ xii.
+
+l. 380. hæbbe. The subj. is used in indirect narration and question, wish
+and command, purpose, result, and hypothetical comparison with swelce = _as
+if_.
+
+ll. 386, 387. Ten Br. emends to read: "Hurry, bid the kinsman-throng go
+into the hall together."
+
+l. 387. sibbe-gedriht, for Beowulf's friends, occurs also at l. 730. It is
+subject-acc. to sēon. Cf. ll. 347, 365, and Hunt's _Exod._ l. 214.
+
+l. 404. "Here, as in the later Icelandic halls, Beowulf saw Hrothgar
+enthroned on a high seat at the east end of the hall. The seat is sacred.
+It has a supernatural quality. Grendel, the fiend, cannot approach
+it."--Br., p. 34. Cf. l. 168.
+
+l. 405. "At Benty Grange, in Derbyshire, an Anglo-Saxon barrow, opened in
+1848, contained a coat of mail. 'The iron chain work consists of a large
+number of links of two kinds attached to each other by small rings half an
+inch in diameter; one kind flat and lozenge-shaped ... the others all of
+one kind, but of different lengths.'"--Br., p. 126.
+
+l. 407. Wes ... hāl: this ancient Teutonic greeting afterwards grew into
+wassail. Cf. Skeat's _Luke_, i. 28; _Andreas_ (K.), 1827; Layamon, l.
+14309, etc.
+
+l. 414. "The distinction between wesan and weorðan [in passive relations]
+is not very clearly defined, but wesan appears to indicate a state, weorðan
+generally an action."--Sw. Cf. Mod. German _werden_ and _sein_ in similar
+relations.
+
+l. 414. Gr. translates hādor by _receptaculum_; cf. Gering, _Zachers
+Zeitschr._ xii. 124. Toller-Bosw. ignores Gr.'s suggestion.
+
+ll. 420, 421. B. reads: þǣr ic (_on_) fīfelgeban (= _ocean_) ȳðde eotena
+cyn. Ten Br. reads: þǣr ic fīfelgeban ȳðde, eotena hām. Ha. suggests
+fīfelgeband = _monster-band_, without further changes.
+
+l. 420. R. reads þǣra = _of them_, for þǣr.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 399;
+_Beit._ xii. 367.
+
+l. 420. "niht has a gen., nihtes, used for the most part only adverbially,
+and almost certainly to be regarded as masculine."--Cook's Sievers' Gram.,
+p. 158.
+
+l. 425. Cf. also ll. 435, 635, 2345, for other examples of Beowulf's
+determination to fight single-handed.
+
+l. 441. þe hine = _whom_, as at l. 1292, etc. The indeclinable þe is often
+thus combined with personal pronouns, = relative, and is sometimes
+separated from them by a considerable interval.--Sw.
+
+l. 443. The MS. has Geotena. B. and Fahlbeck, says H.-So., do not consider
+the Gēatas, but the Jutes, as the inhabitants of Swedish West-Gothland.
+Alfred translates Juti by Gēatas, but _Jutland_ by _Gotland_. In the laws
+they are called Guti.--_Beit._ xii. 1, etc.
+
+l. 444. B., Gr., and Ha. make unforhte an adv. = _fearlessly_, modifying
+etan. Kl. reads anforhte = _timid_.
+
+l. 446. Cf. l. 2910. Th. translates: _thou wilt not need my head to hide_
+(i.e. _bury_). Simrock supposes a dead-watch or lyke-wake to be meant.
+Wood, _thou wilt not have to bury so much as my head!_ H.-So. supposes
+hēafod-weard, _a guard of honor_, such as sovereigns or presumptive rulers
+had, to be meant by hafalan hȳdan; hence, _you need not give me any
+guard_, etc. Cf. Schmid, _Gesetze der A._, 370-372.
+
+l. 447. S. places a colon after nimeð.
+
+l. 451. H.-So., Ha., and B. (_Beit._ xii. 87) agree essentially in
+translating feorme, _food_. R. translates _consumption of my corpse.
+Maintenance, support_, seems preferable to either.
+
+l. 452. Rönning (after Grimm) personifies Hild.--_Beovulfs Kvadet_, l. 59.
+Hildr is the name of one of the Scandinavian Walkyries, or battle-maidens,
+who transport the spirits of the slain to Walhalla. Cf. Kent's _Elene_, l.
+18, etc.
+
+l. 455. "The war-smiths, especially as forgers of the sword, were garmented
+with legend, and made into divine personages. Of these Weland is the type,
+husband of a swan maiden, and afterwards almost a god."-- Br., p. 120. Cf.
+A. J. C. Hare's account of "Wayland Smith's sword with which Henry II. was
+knighted," and which hung in Westminster Abbey to a late date.--_Walks in
+London_, ii. 228.
+
+l. 455. This is the ǣlces mannes wyrd of Boethius (Sw., p. 44) and the wyrd
+bið swīðost of Gnomic Verses, 5. There are about a dozen references to it
+in _Bēowulf_.
+
+l. 455. E. compares the fatalism of this concluding hemistich with the
+Christian tone of l. 685 _seq._
+
+ll. 457, 458. B. reads wǣre-ryhtum ( = _from the obligations of
+clientage_).
+
+l. 480. Cf. l. 1231, where the same sense, "flown with wine," occurs.
+
+l. 488. "The duguð, the mature and ripe warriors, the aristocracy of the
+nation, are the support of the throne."--E. The M. E. form of the word,
+_douth_, occurs often. Associated with geogoð, ll. 160 and 622.
+
+l. 489. Kl. omits comma after meoto and reads (with B.) sige-hrēð-secgum, =
+_disclose thy thought to the victor-heroes_. Others, as Körner, convert
+meoto into an imperative and divide on sǣl = _think upon happiness_. But
+cf. onband beadu-rūne, l. 501. B. supposes onsǣl meoto =_speak courteous
+words_. _Tidskr._ viii. 292; _Haupts Zeitschr._ xi. 411; _Eng. Stud._ ii.
+251.
+
+l. 489. Cf. the invitation at l. 1783.
+
+l. 494. Cf. Grimm's _Andreas_, l. 1097, for deal, =_proud, elated,
+exulting_; _Phoenix_ (Bright), l. 266.
+
+l. 499. MS. has Hunferð, but the alliteration requires Unferð, as at ll.
+499, 1166, 1489; and cf. ll. 1542, 2095, 2930. See _List of Names_.
+
+l. 501. sīð = _arrival_ (?); cf. l. 353.
+
+l. 504. þon mā = _the more_ (?), may be added to the references under þon.
+
+l. 506. E. compares the taunt of Eliab to David, I Sam. xvii. 28.
+
+l. 509. dol-gilp = _idle boasting_. The second definition in the Gloss. is
+wrong.
+
+l. 513. "Eagor-stream might possibly be translated the stream of Eagor, the
+awful terror-striking stormy sea in which the terrible [Scandinavian] giant
+dwelt, and through which he acted."--Br., p. 164. He remarks, "The English
+term _eagre_ still survives in provincial dialect for the tide-wave or bore
+on rivers. Dryden uses it in his _Threnod. Angust._ 'But like an _eagre_
+rode in triumph o'er the tide.' Yet we must be cautious," etc. Cf. Fox's
+_Boethius_, ll. 20, 236; Thorpe's _Cǣdmon_, 69, etc.
+
+l. 524. Krüger and B. read Bānstānes.--_Beit._ ix. 573.
+
+l. 525. R. reads wyrsan (= wyrses: cf. Mod. Gr. _guten Muthes_) geþinges;
+but H.-So. shows that the MS. wyrsan ... þingea = wyrsena þinga, _can
+stand_; cf. gen. pl. banan, _Christ_, l. 66, etc.
+
+l. 545 _seq._ "Five nights Beowulf and Breca kept together, not swimming,
+but sailing in open boats (to swim the seas is to sail the seas), then
+storm drove them asunder ... Breca is afterwards chief of the Brondings, a
+tribe mentioned in _Wīdsíth_. The story seems legendary, not
+mythical."--Br., pp. 60, 61.
+
+ll. 574-578. B. suggests swā þǣr for hwæðere, = _so there it befell me_.
+But the word at l. 574 seems = _however_, and at l. 578 = _yet_; cf. l.
+891; see S.; _Beit._ ix. 138; _Tidskr._ viii. 48; _Zacher_, iii. 387, etc.
+
+l. 586. Gr. and Grundt. read fāgum sweordum (no ic þæs fela gylpe!),
+supplying fela and blending the broken half-lines into one. Ho. and Kl.
+supply geflites.
+
+l. 599. E. translates nȳd-bāde by _blackmail_; adding "nēd bād, _toll_;
+nēd bādere, _tolltaker_."--Land Charters, Gloss, v.
+
+l. 601. MS. has ond = _and_ in three places only (601, 1149, 2041);
+elsewhere it uses the symbol 7 = _and_.
+
+l. 612. _seq._ Cf. the drinking ceremony at l. 1025. "The royal lady offers
+the cup to Beowulf, not in his turn where he sate among the rest, but after
+it has gone the round; her approach to Beowulf is an act apart."--E.
+
+l. 620. "The [loving] cup which went the round of the company and was
+tasted by all," like the Oriel and other college anniversary cups.--E.
+
+l. 622. Cf. ll. 160, 1191, for the respective places of young and old.
+
+l. 623. Cf. the circlet of gold worn by Wealhþēow at l. 1164.
+
+l. 631. gyddode. Cf. Chaucer, _Prol._ l. 237 (ed. Morris):
+
+"Of _yeddynges_ he bar utterly the prys."
+
+Cf. _giddy_.
+
+l. 648. Kl. suggests a period after geþinged, especially as B. (_Tidskr._
+viii. 57) has shown that oþþe is sometimes = ond. Th. supplies ne.
+
+l. 650. oþþe here and at ll. 2476, 3007, probably = _and_.
+
+l. 651. Cf. 704, where sceadu-genga (the _night-ganger_ of _Leechdoms_, ii.
+344) is applied to the demon.--E.
+
+l. 659. Cf. l. 2431 for same formula, "to have and to hold" of the Marriage
+Service.--E.
+
+l. 681. B. considers þēah ... eal a precursor of Mod. Eng. _although_.
+
+l. 682. gōdra = _advantages in battle_ (Gr.), _battle-skill_ (Ha.), _skill
+in war_ (H.-So.). Might not nāt be changed to nah = ne + āh (cf. l. 2253),
+thus justifying the translation _ability_ (?) --_he has not the ability
+to_, etc.
+
+l. 695. Kl. reads hiera.--_Beit._ ix. 189. B. omits hīe as occurring in the
+previous hemistich.--_Beit._ xii. 89.
+
+l. 698. "Here Destiny is a web of cloth."--E., who compares the Greek
+Clotho, "spinster of fate." Women are also called "weavers of peace," as l.
+1943. Cf. Kent's _Elene_, l. 88; _Wīdsīð_, l. 6, etc.
+
+l. 711. B. translates þā by _when_ and connects with the preceding
+sentences, thus rejecting the ordinary canto-division at l. 711. He objects
+to the use of cōm as principal vb. at ll. 703, 711, and 721. (_Beit_, xii.)
+
+l. 711. "Perhaps the Gnomic verse which tells of Thyrs, the giant, is
+written with Grendel in the writer's mind,--þyrs sceal on fenne gewunian
+āna inuan lande, _the giant shall dwell in the fen, alone in the land_
+(Sweet's Read., p. 187)."--Br. p. 36.
+
+l. 717. Dietrich, in _Haupt._ xi. 419, quotes from AElfric, _Hom._ ii. 498:
+hē beworhte þā bigelsas mid gyldenum lǣfrum, _he covered the arches with
+gold-leaf_,--a Roman custom derived from Carthage. Cf. Mod. Eng. _oriel_ =
+_aureolum_, a gilded room.--E. (quoting Skeat). Cf. ll. 2257, 1097, 2247,
+2103, 2702, 2283, 333, 1751, for various uses of gold-sheets.
+
+l. 720. B. and ten Br. suggest _hell-thane_ (Grendel) for heal-þegnas, and
+make hæle refer to Beowulf. Cf. l. 142.
+
+l. 723. Z. reads [ge]hrān.
+
+l. 727. For this use of standan, cf. ll. 2314, 2770; and Vergil, _Ecl._ ii.
+26:
+
+"Cum placidum ventis _staret_ mare."
+
+l. 757. gedræg. _Tumult_ is one of the meanings of this word. Here, appar.
+= _occupation, lair_.
+
+l. 759. R. reads mōdega for gōda, "because the attribute cannot be
+separated from the word modified unless the two alliterate."
+
+l. 762. Cf. _Andreas_, l. 1537, for a similar use of ūt = _off_.--E.
+
+l. 769. The foreign words in _Bēowulf_ (as ceaster-here) are not numerous;
+others are (aside from proper names like _Cain, Abel_, etc.) dēofol
+(diabolus), candel (l. 1573), ancor (l. 303), scrīfan (for- ge-), segn (l.
+47), gīgant (l. 113), mīl- (l. 1363), strǣt (l. 320), ombeht (l. 287), gim
+(l. 2073), etc.
+
+l. 770. MS. reads cerwen, a word conceived by B. and others to be part of a
+fem. compd.: -scerwen like -wenden in ed-wenden, -rǣden, etc. (cf.
+meodu-scerpen in _Andreas_, l. 1528); emended to -scerwen, _a great scare
+under the figure of a mishap at a drinking-bout_; one might compare
+bescerwan, _to deprive_, from bescyrian (Grein, i. 93), hence ealu-seerwen
+would = _a sudden taking away, deprivation, of the beer_.--H.-So., p. 93.
+See B., _Tidskr._ viii. 292.
+
+l. 771. Ten Br. reads rēðe, rēnhearde, = _raging, exceeding bold_.
+
+l. 792. Instrumental adverbial phrases like ǣnige þinga, nǣnige þinga (_not
+at all_), hūru þinga (_especially_) are not infrequent. See Cook's Sievers'
+Gram., p. 178; March, _A.-S. Gram._, p. 182.
+
+l. 811. myrðe. E. translates _in wanton mood_. Toller-Bosw. does not
+recognize _sorrow_ as one of the meanings of this word.
+
+ll. 850, 851. S. reads dēop for dēog and erases semicolon after wēol, =
+_the death-stained deep welled with sword-gore_; cf. l. 1424. B. reads
+dēað-fǣges dēop, etc., = _the deep welled with the doomed one's
+gore_.--_Beit._ xii. 89.
+
+l. 857. The meaning of blaneum is partly explained by fealwe mēaras below,
+l. 866. Cf. Layamon's "and leop on his _blancke" = steed_, l. 23900; Kent's
+_Elene_, l. 1185.
+
+l. 859. Körner, _Eng. Stud._ i. 482, regards the oft-recurring be sǣm
+twēonum as a mere formula = _on earth_; cf. ll. 1298, 1686. twēone is part
+of the separable prep. _between_; see be-. Cf. Baskerville's _Andreas_, l.
+558.
+
+l. 865. Cf. _Voyage of Ōhthere and Wulfstān_ for an account of funeral
+horse-racing, Sweet's Read., p. 22.
+
+l. 868. See Ha., p. 31, for a variant translation.
+
+l. 871 _seq._ R. considers this a technical description of improvised
+alliterative verse, suggested by and wrought out on the spur of the moment.
+
+l. 872. R. and B. propose secg[an], = _rehearse_, for secg, which suits the
+verbs in the next two lines.
+
+ll. 878-98. "It pleases me to think that it is in English literature we
+possess the first sketch of that mighty saga [the Volsunga Saga = Wælsinges
+gewin] which has for so many centuries engaged all the arts, and at last in
+the hands of Wagner the art of music."--Br., p. 63. Cf. _Nibelung. Lied_,
+l. 739.
+
+l. 894. Intransitive verbs, as gān, weorðan, sometimes take habban, "to
+indicate independent action."--Sw. Cf. hafað ... geworden, l. 2027.
+
+l. 895. "brūcan (_enjoy_) always has the genitive."--Sw.; cf. l. 895; acc.,
+gen., instr., dat., according to March, _A.-S. Gram._, p. 151.
+
+l. 898. Scherer proposes hāte, = _from heat_, instr. of hāt, _heat_; cf. l.
+2606.
+
+l. 901. hē þæs āron þāh = _he throve in honor_ (B.). Ten Br. inserts comma
+after þāh, making siððan introduce a depend. clause.--_Beit._ viii. 568.
+Cf. weorð-myndum þāh, l. 8; ll. 1155, 1243.--H.-So.
+
+l. 902. Heremōdes is considered by Heinzel to be a mere epithet = _the
+valiant_; which would refer the whole passage to Sigmund (Sigfrid), the
+eotenas, l. 903, being the Nibelungen. This, says H.-So., gets rid of the
+contradiction between the good "Heremōd" here and the bad one, l. 1710
+_seq._--B. however holds fast to Heremōd.--_Beit._ xii. 41. on fēonda
+geweald, l. 904,--_into the hands of devils_, says B.; cf. ll. 809, 1721,
+2267; _Christ_, l. 1416; _Andreas_, l. 1621; for hine fyren onwōd, cf.
+_Gen._ l. 2579; Hunt's _Dan._ 17: hīe wlenco anwōd.
+
+l. 902 _seq._ "Heremōd's shame is contrasted with the glory of Sigemund,
+and with the prudence, patience, generosity, and gentleness of Beowulf as a
+chieftain."--Br., p. 66.
+
+l. 906. MS. has lemede. Toller-Bosw. corrects to lemedon.
+
+l. 917. Cf. Hunt's _Exod._, l. 170, for similar language.
+
+l. 925. hōs, G. hansa, _company_, "the word from which the mercantile
+association of the 'Hanseatic' towns took their designation."--E.
+
+l. 927. on staþole = _on the floor_ (B., Rask, ten Br.).--_Beit._ xii. 90.
+
+l. 927. May not stēapne here = _bright_, from its being immediately
+followed by golde fāhne? Cf. Chaucer's "his eyen _stepe_," _Prol._ l. 201
+(ed. Morris); Cockayne's _Ste. Marherete_, pp. 9, 108; _St. Kath._, l.
+1647.
+
+l. 931. grynna may be for gyrnna (= _sorrows_), gen. plu. of gyrn, as
+suggested by one commentator.
+
+l. 937. B. (_Beit._ xii. 90) makes gehwylcne object of wīd-scofen (hæfde).
+Gr. makes wēa nom. absolute.
+
+l. 940. scuccum: cf. G. scheuche, scheusal; Prov. Eng. _old-shock_; perhaps
+the pop. interjection _O shucks!_ (!)
+
+l. 959. H. explains wē as a "plur. of majesty," which Bēowulf throws off at
+l. 964.
+
+l. 963. fēond þone frætgan (B. _Beit._ xii. 90).
+
+l. 976. synnum. "Most abstract words in the poetry have a very wide range
+of meanings, diverging widely from the prose usage, synn, for instance,
+means simply _injury, mischief, hatred_, and the prose meaning _sin_ is
+only a secondary one; hata in poetry is not only _hater_, but _persecutor,
+enemy_, just as nīð is both _hatred_ and _violence, strength_; heard is
+_sharp_ as well as _hard_."--Sw.
+
+l. 986. S. places wæs at end of l. 985 and reads stīðra nægla, omitting
+gehwylc and the commas after that and after scēawedon. _Beit._ ix. 138;
+stēdra (H.-So.); hand-sporu (H.-So.) at l. 987.
+
+l. 986. Miller (_Anglia_, xii. 3) corrects to ǣghwylene, in apposition to
+fingras.
+
+l. 987. hand-sporu. See _Anglia_, vii. 176, for a discussion of the
+intrusion of u into the nom. of n-stems.
+
+l. 988. Cf. ll. 2121, 2414, for similar use of unhēoru = ungeheuer.
+
+l. 992. B. suggests hēatimbred for hāten, and gefrætwon for -od; Kl.,
+hroden (_Beit._ ix. 189).
+
+l. 995, 996. Gold-embroidered tapestries seem to be meant by web =
+_aurifrisium_.
+
+l. 997. After þāra þe = _of those that_, the depend, vb. often takes sg.
+for pl.; cf. ll. 844, 1462, 2384, 2736.--Sw.; Dietrich.
+
+l. 998. "Metathesis of l takes place in seld for setl, bold for botl,"
+etc.--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 96. Cf. Eng. proper names, _Bootle,
+Battle_field, etc.--Skeat, _Principles_, i. 250.
+
+l. 1000. heorras: cf. Chaucer, _Prol._ (ed. Morris) l. 550:
+
+"Ther was no dore that he nolde heve of _harre_."
+
+ll. 1005-1007. See _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 391, and _Beit._ xii. 368, for
+R.'s and B.'s views of this difficult passage.
+
+l. 1009. Cf. l. 1612 for sǣl and mǣl, surviving still in E. Anglia in "mind
+your _seals and meals_," = _times and occasions_, i.e. have your wits about
+you.--E.
+
+ll. 1012, 1013. Cf. ll. 753, 754 for two similar comparatives used in
+conjunction.
+
+l. 1014. Cf. l. 327 for similar language.
+
+ll. 1015, 1016. H.-So. puts these two lines in parentheses (fylle ...
+þāra). Cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 91.
+
+l. 1024. One of the many famous swords spoken of in the poem. See Hrunting,
+ll. 1458, 1660; Hūnlāfing, l. 1144, etc. Cf. Excalibur, Roland's sword, the
+Nibelung Balmung, etc.
+
+l. 1034. scūr-heard. For an ingenious explanation of this disputed word see
+Professor Pearce's article in _Mod. Lang. Notes_, Nov. 1, 1892, and ensuing
+discussion.
+
+l. 1039. eoderas is of doubtful meaning. H. and Toller-Bosw. regard the
+word here = _enclosure, palings of the court_. Cf. _Cǣdmon_, ll. 2439,
+2481. The passage throws interesting light on horses and their trappings
+
+l. 1043. Grundt. emends wīg to wicg, = _charger_; and E. quotes Tacitus,
+_Germania_, 7.
+
+l. 1044. "Power over each and both"; cf. "all and some," "one and all."
+
+For Ingwin, see _List of Names_.
+
+l. 1065. Gr. contends that fore here = de, _concerning, about_ (Ebert's
+_Jahrb._, 1862, p. 269).
+
+l. 1069. H.-So. supplies fram after eaferum, to govern it, = _concerning_
+(?). Cf. _Fight at Finnsburg_, Appendix.
+
+l. 1070. For the numerous names of the Danes, "bright-" "spear-" "east-"
+"west-" "ring-" Danes, see these words.
+
+l. 1073. Eotenas = _Finn's people, the Frisians_; cf. ll. 1089, 1142, 1146,
+etc., and _Beit._ xii. 37. Why they are so called is not known.
+
+l. 1084. R. proposes wiht Hengeste wið gefeohtan (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii.
+394). Kl., wið H. wiht gefeohtan.
+
+ll. 1085 and 1099. wēa-lāf occurs in Wulfstan, _Hom._ 133, ed. Napier.--E.
+Cf. daroða lāf, _Brunanb._, l. 54; ādes lāfe, _Phoenix_, 272 (Bright), etc.
+
+l. 1098. elne unflitme = _so dass der eid (der inhalt des eides) nicht
+streitig war_.--B., _Beit._ iii. 30. But cf. 1130, where Hengist and Finn
+are again brought into juxtaposition and the expression ealles (?) unhlitme
+occurs.
+
+l. 1106. The pres. part. + be, as myndgiend wǣre here, is comparatively
+rare in original A.-S. literature, but occurs abundantly in translations
+from the Latin. The periphrasis is generally meaningless. Cf. l. 3029.
+
+l. 1108. Körner suggests ecge, = _sword_, in reference to a supposed old
+German custom of placing ornaments, etc., on the point of a sword or spear
+(_Eng. Stud._ i. 495). Singer, ince-gold = _bright gold_; B., andīege =
+Goth, _andaugjo, evidently_. Cf. incge lāfe, l. 2578. Possibly: and inge (=
+_young men_) gold āhōfon of horde. For inge, cf. Hunt's _Exod._ l. 190.
+
+ll. 1115-1120. R. proposes (hēt þā ...) bānfatu bærnan ond on bǣl dōn,
+earme on eaxe = _to place the arms in the ashes_, reading gūðrēc =
+_battle-reek_, for -rinc (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 395). B., Sarrazin
+(_Beit._ xi. 530), Lichtenfeld (_Haupts Zeitschr._ xvi. 330), C., etc.,
+propose various emendations. See H.-So., p. 97, and _Beit._ viii. 568. For
+gùðrinc āstāh, cf. Old Norse, _stiga á bál_, "ascend the bale-fire."
+
+l. 1116. sweoloðe. "On Dartmoor the burning of the furze up the hillsides
+to let new grass grow, is called _zwayling_."--E. Cf. _sultry_, G.
+_schwül_, etc.
+
+l. 1119. Cf. wudu-rēc āstāh, l. 3145; and _Exod._ (Hunt), l. 450: wǣlmist
+āstāh.
+
+l. 1122. ætspranc = _burst forth, arose_ (omitted from the Gloss.), < æt +
+springan.
+
+l. 1130. R. and Gr. read elne unflitme, = _loyally and without contest_, as
+at l. 1098. Cf. Ha., p. 39; H.-So., p. 97.
+
+l. 1137. scacen = _gone_; cf. ll. 1125, 2307, 2728.
+
+l. 1142. "The sons of the Eotenas" (B., _Beit._ xii. 31, who conjectures a
+gap after 1142).
+
+l. 1144. B. separates thus: Hūn Lāfing, = _Hūn placed the sword Lāfing_,
+etc.--_Beit._ xii. 32; cf. R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 396. Heinzel and
+Homburg make other conjectures (Herrig's _Archiv_, 72, 374, etc.).
+
+l. 1143. B., H.-So., and Möller read: worod rǣdenne, þonne him Hūn Lāfing,
+= _military brotherhood, when Hūn laid upon his breast_ (the sword)
+_Lāfing_. There is a sword _Laufi, Lövi_ in the Norse sagas; but swords,
+armor, etc., are often called the _leaving_ (lāf) of files, hammers, etc.,
+especially a precious heirloom; cf. ll. 454, 1033, 2830, 2037, 2629, 796,
+etc., etc.
+
+l. 1152. roden = _reddened_ (B., _Tidskr._ viii. 295).
+
+l. 1160. For ll. 1069-1160, containing the Finn episode, cf. Möller,
+_Alteng. Volksepos_, 69, 86, 94; Heinzel, _Anz. f. dtsch. Altert._, 10,
+226; B., _Beit._ xii. 29-37. Cf. _Wīdsīð_, l. 33, etc.
+
+ll. 1160, 1161. lēoð (lied = _song, lay_) and gyd here appear synonyms.
+
+ll. 1162-1165. "Behind the wars and tribal wanderings, behind the
+contentions of the great, we watch in this poem the steady, continuous life
+of home, the passions and thoughts of men, the way they talked and moved
+and sang and drank and lived and loved among one another and for one
+another."--Br., p. 18.
+
+l. 1163. Cf. _wonderwork_. So _wonder-death, wonder-bidding,
+wonder-treasure, -smith, -sight_, etc. at ll. 1748, 3038, 2174, 1682, 996,
+etc. Cf. the German use of the same intensive, = _wondrous_, in
+_wunder-schön_, etc.
+
+l. 1165. þā gȳt points to some future event when "each" was not "true to
+other," undeveloped in this poem, suhtor-gefæderan = Hrōðgār and Hrōðulf,
+l. 1018. Cf. āðum-swerian, l. 84.
+
+l. 1167 almost repeats l. 500, æt fōtum, etc., where Unferð is first
+introduced.
+
+l. 1191. E. sees in this passage separate seats for youth and middle-aged
+men, as in English college halls, chapels, convocations, and churches
+still.
+
+l. 1192. ymbutan, _round about_, is sometimes thus separated: ymb hīe ūtan;
+cf. _Voyage of Ōhthere_, etc. (Sw.), p. 18, l. 34, etc.; _Bēowulf_, ll.
+859, 1686, etc.
+
+l. 1194. bewægned, a ἃπαξ λεγόμενον, tr. _offered_ by Th. Probably a p. p.
+wægen, made into a vb. by -ian, like _own, drown_, etc. Cf. hafenian ( <
+hafen, < hebban), etc.
+
+l. 1196. E. takes the expression to mean "mantle and its rings or
+broaches." "Rail" long survived in Mid. Eng. (_Piers Plow._, etc.).
+
+l. 1196. This necklace was afterwards given by Beowulf to Hygd, ll. 2173,
+2174.
+
+ll. 1199-1215. From the obscure hints in the passage, a part of the poem
+may be approximately dated,--if Hygelāc is the _Chochi-laicus_ of Gregory
+of Tours, _Hist. Francorum_, iii. 3,--about A.D. 512-20.
+
+l. 1200. The Breosinga men (Icel. _Brisinga men_) is the necklace of the
+goddess Freya; cf. _Elder Edda, Hamarshemt._ Hāma stole the necklace from
+the Gothic King Eormenrīc; cf. _Traveller's Song_, ll. 8, 18, 88, 111. The
+comparison of the two necklaces leads the poet to anticipate Hygelāc's
+history,--a suggestion of the poem's mosaic construction.
+
+l. 1200. For Brōsinga mene, cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 72. C. suggests flēah, =
+_fled_, for fealh, placing semicolon after byrig, and making hē subject of
+flēah and gecēas.
+
+l. 1202. B. conjectures gecēas ēcne rǣd to mean _he became a pious man and
+at death went to heaven_. Heime (Hāma) in the _Thidrekssaga_ goes into a
+cloister = to choose the better part (?). Cf. H.-So., p. 98. But cf.
+Hrōðgār's language to Beowulf, ll. 1760, 1761.
+
+l. 1211. S. proposes feoh, = _property_, for feorh, which would be a
+parallel for brēost-gewǣdu ... bēah below.
+
+l. 1213. E. remarks that in the _Laws of Cnut_, i. 26, the devil is called
+se wōdfreca werewulf, _the ravening werwolf_.
+
+l. 1215. C. proposes heals-bēge onfēng. _Beit._ viii. 570. For hreā- Kl.
+suggests hrǣ-.
+
+l. 1227. The son referred to is, according to Ettmüller, the one that
+reigns after Hrōðgār.
+
+l. 1229. Kl. suggests sī, = _be_, for _is_.
+
+l. 1232. S. gives _wine-elated_ as the meaning of druncne.--_Beit._ ix.
+139; Kl. _ibid._ 189, 194. But cf. _Judith_, ll. 67, 107.
+
+l. 1235. Cf. l. 119 for similarity of language.
+
+l. 1235. Kl. proposes gea-sceaft; but cf. l. 1267.
+
+l. 1246. Ring armor was common in the Middle Ages. E. points out the
+numerous forms of byrne in cognate languages,--Gothic, Icelandic, OHG.,
+Slavonic, O. Irish, Romance, etc. Du Chaillu, _The Viking Age_, i. 126. Cf.
+Murray's _Dict._ s. v.
+
+l. 1248. ānwīg-gearwe = _ready for single combat_ (C.); but cf. Ha. p. 43;
+_Beit._ ix. 210, 282.
+
+l. 1252. Some consider this _fitt_ the beginning of Part (or Lay) II. of
+the original epic, if not a separate work in itself.
+
+l. 1254. K., W., and Ho. read farode = _wasted;_ Kolbing reads furode; but
+cf. wēsten warode, l. 1266. MS. has warode.
+
+ll. 1255-1258. This passage is a good illustration of the constant
+parallelism of word and phrase characteristic of A.-S. poetry, and is
+quoted by Sw. The changes are rung on ende and swylt, on gesȳne and
+wīdcūð, etc.
+
+l. 1259. "That this story of Grendel's mother was originally a separate lay
+from the first seems to be suggested by the fact that the monsters are
+described over again, and many new details added, such as would be inserted
+by a new singer who wished to enhance and adorn the original tale."--Br.,
+p. 41.
+
+l. 1259. Cf. l. 107, which also points to the ancestry of murderers and
+monsters and their descent from "Cain."
+
+l. 1261. The MS. has sē þe, m.; changed by some to seo þe. At ll. 1393,
+1395, 1498, Grendel's mother is referred to as m.; at ll. 1293, 1505,
+1541-1546, etc., as f., the uncertain pronoun designating a creature female
+in certain aspects, but masculine in demonic strength and
+savageness.--H.-So.; Sw. p. 202. Cf. the masc. epithets at ll. 1380, 2137,
+etc.
+
+l. 1270. āglǣca = _Grendel_, though possibly referring to Beowulf, as at l.
+1513.--Sw.
+
+l. 1273. "It is not certain whether anwalda stands for onwealda, or whether
+it should be read ānwealda, = _only ruler_.--Sw.
+
+l. 1279. The MS. has sunu þeod wrecan, which R. changes to sunu
+þēod-wrecan, þēod- = _monstrous_; but why not regard þēod as opposition to
+sunu, = _her son, the prince?_ See Sweet's Reader, and Körner's discussion,
+_Eng. Stud._ i. 500.
+
+l. 1281. Ten Br. suggests (for sōna) sāra = _return of sorrows._
+
+l. 1286. "geþuren (twice so written in MSS.) stands for geþrúen, _forged_,
+and is an isolated p. p."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., 209. But see Toller-Bosw.
+for examples; Sw., Gloss.; March, p. 100, etc.
+
+ll. 1292. þe hine = _whom;_ cf. ll. 441, 1437, 1292; _Hēliand_, l. 1308.
+
+l. 1298. be sǣm tweonum; cf. l. 1192; Hunt's _Exod._ l. 442; and Mod. Eng.
+"to _us_-ward, etc.--Earle's _Philol._, p. 449. Cf. note, l. 1192.
+
+l. 1301. C. proposes ōðer him ærn = _another apartment was assigned him_.
+
+l. 1303. B. conjectures under hrōf genam; but Ha., p. 45, shows this to be
+unnecessary, under also meaning _in_, as _in_ (or _under_) these
+circumstances.
+
+l. 1319. E. and Sw. suggest nǣgde or nēgde, _accosted_, < nēgan = Mid. Ger.
+_nēhwian_, pr. p. _nēhwiandans, approach_. For hnǣgan, _press down,
+vanquish_, see ll. 1275, 1440, etc.
+
+l. 1321. C. suggests nēad-lāðum for nēod-laðu, _after crushing hostility_;
+but cf. frēond-laðu, l. 1193.
+
+l. 1334. K. and ten Br. conjecture gefægnod = _rejoicing in her fill_, a
+parallel to ǣse wlanc, l. 1333.
+
+l. 1340. B. translates: "and she has executed a deed of blood-vengeance of
+far-reaching consequence."--_Beit._ xii. 93.
+
+l. 1345. B. reads gēo for ēow (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 205).
+
+ll. 1346-1377. "This is a fine piece of folk-lore in the oldest extant
+form.... The authorities for the story are the rustics (ll. 1346, 1356)."
+--E.
+
+l. 1347. Cf. sele-rǣdende at l. 51.
+
+l. 1351. "The ge [of gewitan] may be merely a scribal error,--a repetition
+(dittography) of the preceding ge of gewislīcost."--Sw.
+
+l. 1352. ides, like fīras, _men_, etc., is a poetic word supposed by Grimm
+to have been applied, like Gr. νύμφη, to superhuman or semi-divine women.
+
+ll. 1360-1495 _seq._ E. compares this Dantesque tarn and scenery with the
+poetical accounts of _AEneid_, vii. 563; _Lucretius_, vi. 739, etc.
+
+l. 1360. firgenstrēam occurs also in the _Phoenix_ (Bright, p. 168) l. 100;
+_Andreas_, ll. 779, 3144 (K.); _Gnomic Verses_, l. 47, etc.
+
+l. 1363. The genitive is often thus used to denote measure = by or in
+miles; cf. l. 3043; and contrast with partitive gen. at l. 207.
+
+l. 1364. The MS. reads hrinde = hrīnende (?), which Gr. adopts; K. and Th.
+read hrinde-bearwas; hringde, _encircling_ (Sarrazin, _Beit._ xi. 163);
+hrīmge = _frosty_ (Sw.); _with frost-whiting covered_ (Ha.). See Morris,
+_Blickling Hom._, Preface, vi., vii.
+
+l. 1364. Cf. Ruin, hrīmige edoras behrofene, _rimy, roofless halls_.
+
+l. 1366. nīðwundor may = nið- (as in nið-sele, _q. v._) wundor, _wonder of
+the deep_.
+
+l. 1368. The personal pronoun is sometimes omitted in subordinate and even
+independent clauses; cf. wite here; and Hunt's _Exod._, l. 319.
+
+l. 1370. hornum. Such "datives of manner or respect" are not infrequent
+with adj.
+
+l. 1371. "seleð is not dependent on ǣr, for in that case it would be in the
+subjunctive, but ǣr is simply an adverb, correlative with the conjunction
+ǣr in the next line: 'he will (sooner) give up his life, before he will,'
+etc."--Sw.
+
+l. 1372. Cf. ll. 318 and 543 for willan with similar omitted inf.
+
+l. 1373. heafola is found only in poetry.--Sw. It occurs thirteen or
+fourteen times in this poem. Cf. the poetic gamol, swāt (l. 2694), etc.,
+for eald, blōd.
+
+l. 1391. uton: hortatory subj. of wītan, _go_, = _let us go;_ cf. French
+_allons_, Lat. _eamus_, Ital. _andiamo_, etc. + inf. Cf. ll. 2649, 3102.
+
+l. 1400. H. is dat. of person indirectly affected, = advantage.
+
+l. 1402. geatolīc probably = _in his equipments_, as B. suggests (_Beit._
+xii. 83), comparing searolīc.
+
+ll. 1402, 1413 reproduce the wk. form of the pret. of gān (Goth,
+_gaggida_). Cf. _Andreas_, l. 1096, etc.
+
+l. 1405. S. (_Beit._ ix. 140) supplies [þǣr hēo] gegnum fōr; B. (_ibid._
+xii. 14) suggests hwǣr hēo.
+
+l. 1411. B., Gr., and E. take ān-paðas = paths wide enough for only one,
+like Norwegian _einstig_; cf. stīge nearwe, just above. _Trail_ is the
+meaning. Cf. enge ānpaðas, uncūð gelād, _Exod._ (Hunt), l. 58.
+
+l. 1421. Cf. oncȳð, l. 831. The whole passage (ll. 1411-1442) is replete
+with suggestions of walrus-hunting, seal-fishing, harpooning of sea-animals
+(l. 1438), etc.
+
+l. 1425. E. quotes from the 8th cent. Corpus Gloss., "_Falanx_ foeða."
+
+l. 1428. For other mention of nicors, cf. ll. 422, 575, 846. E. remarks,
+"it survives in the phrase 'Old Nick' ... a word of high authority ...
+Icel. _nykr_, water-goblin, Dan. _nök, nisse_, Swed. _näcken_, G. _nix,
+nixe_, etc." See Skeat, _Nick._
+
+l. 1440. Sw. reads gehnǣged, _prostrated_, and regards nīða as gen. pl.
+"used instrumentally," = _by force._
+
+l. 1441. -bora = _bearer, stirrer;_ occurs in other compds., as mund-,
+rǣd-, wǣg-bora.
+
+l. 1447. him = _for him_, a remoter dative of reference.--Sw.
+
+l. 1455. Gr. reads brondne, = _flaming_.
+
+l. 1457. lēon is the inf. of lāh; cf. onlāh (< onlēon) at l. 1468. līhan
+was formerly given as the inf.; cf. lǣne = lǣhne.
+
+l. 1458. Cf. the similar dat. of possession as used in Latin.
+
+l. 1458. H.-So. compares the Icelandic saga account of Grettir's battle
+with the giant in the cave. hæft-mēce may be = Icel. _heptisax_ (_Anglia_,
+iii. 83), "hip-knife."
+
+l. 1459. "The sense seems to be 'pre-eminent among the old treasures.' ...
+But possibly foran is here a prep. with the gen.: 'one before the old
+treasures.'".--Sw. For other examples of foran, cf. ll. 985, 2365.
+
+l. 1460. āter-tēarum = _poison-drops_ (C., _Beit._ viii. 571; S., _ibid._
+xi. 359).
+
+l. 1467. þæt, comp. relative, = _that which_; "we testify _that_ we do
+know."
+
+l. 1480. forð-gewitenum is in appos. to me, = _mihi defuncto_.--M.
+Callaway, _Am. Journ. of Philol._, October, 1889.
+
+l. 1482. nime. Conditional clauses of doubt or future contingency take gif
+or būton with subj.; cf. ll. 452, 594; of fact or certainty, the ind.; cf.
+ll. 442, 447, 527, 662, etc. For būton, cf. ll. 967, 1561.
+
+l. 1487. "findan sometimes has a preterit funde in W. S. after the manner
+of the weak preterits."--Cook's Sievers' Cram., p, 210.
+
+l. 1490. Kl. reads wæl-sweord, = _battle-sword_.
+
+l. 1507. "This cave under the sea seems to be another of those natural
+phenomena of which the writer had personal knowledge (ll. 2135, 2277), and
+which was introduced by him into the mythical tale to give it a local
+color. There are many places of this kind. Their entrance is under the
+lowest level of the tide."--Br., p. 45.
+
+l. 1514. B. (_Beit._ xii. 362) explains niðsele, hrōfsele as _roof-covered
+hall in the deep_; cf. Grettir Saga (_Anglia_, iii. 83).
+
+l. 1538. Sw., R., and ten Br. suggest feaxe for eaxle, = _seized by the
+hair_.
+
+l. 1543. and-lēan (R.); cf. l. 2095. The MS. has hand-lēan.
+
+l. 1546. Sw. and S. read seax.--_Beit._ ix. 140.
+
+l. 1557. H.-So. omits comma and places semicolon after ȳðelīce; Sw. and S.
+place comma after gescēd.
+
+l. 1584. ōðer swylc = _another fifteen_ (Sw.); = _fully as many_ (Ha.).
+
+ll. 1592-1613 _seq._ Cf. _Anglia_, iii; 84 (Grettir Saga).
+
+l. 1595. blondenfeax = _grizzly-haired_ (Bright, Reader, p. 258); cf.
+_Brunanb._, l. 45 (Bright).
+
+l. 1599. gewearð, impers. vb., = _agree, decide = many agreed upon this,
+that_, etc. (Ha., p. 55; cf. ll. 2025-2027, 1997; B., _Beit._ xii. 97).
+
+l. 1605. C. supposes wiston = wīscton = _wished_.--_Beit._ viii. 571.
+
+l. 1607. brōden mǣl is now regarded as a comp. noun, = _inlaid or
+damascened sword_.--W., Ho.
+
+l. 1611. wæl-rāpas = _water-ropes = bands of frost_ (l. 1610) (?). Possibly
+the Prov. Eng. weele, _whirlpool_. Cf. wǣl, _gurges_, Wright, Voc., _Gnom.
+Verses_, l. 39.--E.
+
+l. 1611. wǣgrāpas (Sw.) = _wave-bands_ (Ha.).
+
+l. 1622. B. suggests eatna = eotena, eardas, _haunts of the giants_
+(Northumbr. ea for eo).
+
+l. 1635. cyning-holde (B., _Beit._ xii. 369); cf. l. 290.
+
+l. 1650. H., Gr., and Ettmüller understand idese to refer to the queen.
+
+l. 1651. Cf. _Anglia_, iii. 74, _Beit._ xi. 167, for coincidences with the
+Grettir Saga (13th cent.).
+
+l. 1664. B. proposes eotenise ... èste for ēacen ... oftost, omitting
+brackets (_Zackers Zeitschr._ iv. 206). G. translates _mighty ... often_.
+
+l. 1675. ondrǣdan. "In late texts the final n of the preposition on is
+frequently lost when it occurs in a compound word or stereotyped phrase,
+and the prefix then appears as a: abútan, amang, aweg, aright,
+adr'ǣdan."--Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 98.
+
+ll. 1680-1682. Giants and their work are also referred to at ll. 113, 455,
+1563, 1691, etc.
+
+l. 1680. Cf. ceastra ... orðanc enta geweorc, _Gnomic Verses_, l. 2;
+Sweet's Reader, p. 186.
+
+ll. 1687-1697. "In this description of the writing on the sword, we see the
+process of transition from heathen magic to the notions of Christian times
+.... The history of the flood and of the giants ... were substitutes for
+names of heathen gods, and magic spells for victory."--E. Cf. Mohammedan
+usage.
+
+ll. 1703, 1704. þæt þē eorl nǣre geboren betera (B., _Tidskr._ 8, 52).
+
+l. 1715. āna hwearf = _he died solitary and alone_ (B., _Beit._ xii. 38); =
+_lonely_ (Ha.); = _alone_ (G.).
+
+l. 1723. lēod-bealo longsum = _eternal hell-torment_ (B., _Beit._ xii. 38,
+who compares _Ps. Cott._ 57, līf longsum).
+
+l. 1729. E. translates on lufan, _towards possession_; Ha., _to
+possessions_.
+
+l. 1730. mōdgeþonc, like lig, sǣ, segn, niht, etc., is of double gender
+(m., n. in the case of mōdgeþ.).
+
+l. 1741. The doctrine of nemesis following close on ὓβρις, or overweening
+pride, is here very clearly enunciated. The only protector against the
+things that "assault and hurt" the soul is the "Bishop and Shepherd of our
+souls" (l. 1743).
+
+l. 1745 appears dimly to fore-shadow the office of the evil archer Loki,
+who in the Scandinavian mythology shoots Balder with a mistletoe twig. The
+language closely resembles that of Psalm 64.
+
+l. 1748. Kl. regards wom = wō(u)m; cf. wōh-bogen, l. 2828. See Gloss., p.
+295, under wam. Contrast the construction of bebeorgan a few lines below
+(l. 1759), where the dat. and acc. are associated.
+
+l. 1748. See Cook's Sievers' Gram., p. 167, for declension of wōh, _wrong_
+= gen. wōs or wōges, dat. wō(u)m, etc.; pl. gen. wōra, dat. wō(u)m, etc.;
+and cf. declension of hēah, hrēoh, rūh, etc.
+
+l. 1748. wergan gāstes; cf. _Blickl. Hom._ vii.; _Andreas_, l. 1171. "_Auld
+Wearie_ is used in Scotland, or was used a few years ago, ... to mean the
+devil."--E. Bede's _Eccles. Hist._ contains (naturally) many examples of
+the expression = devil.
+
+l. 1750. on gyld = _in reward_ (B. _Beit._ xii. 95); Ha. translates
+_boastfully_; G., _for boasting_; Gr., _to incite to boastfulness_. Cf.
+_Christ_, l. 818.
+
+l. 1767. E. thinks this an allusion to the widespread superstition of the
+evil eye (_mal occhio, mauvais ǣil_). Cf. Vergil, _Ecl._ iii. 103. He
+remarks that Pius IX., Gambetta, and President Carnot were charged by their
+enemies with possessing this weapon.
+
+l. 1784. wigge geweorðad (MS. wigge weorðad) is C.'s conjecture; cf.
+_Elene_, l. 150. So G., _honored in war_.
+
+l. 1785. The future generally implied in the present of bēon is plainly
+seen in this line; cf. ll. 1826, 661, 1830, 1763, etc.
+
+l. 1794. Some impers. vbs. take acc. (as here, Geat) of the person
+affected; others (as þyncan) take the dat. of the person, as at ll. 688,
+1749, etc. Cf. verbs of dreaming, being ashamed, desiring, etc.--March,
+A.-S. Gram., p. 145.
+
+l. 1802. E. remarks that the blaca hrefn here is a bird of good omen, as
+opposed to se wonna hrefn of l. 3025. The raven, wolf, and eagle are the
+regular epic accompaniments of battle and carnage. Cf. ll. 3025-3028;
+_Maldon_, 106; _Judith_, 205-210, etc.
+
+l. 1803. S. emends to read: "then came the light, going bright after
+darkness: the warriors," etc. Cf. Ho., p. 41, l. 23. G. puts period before
+"the warriors." For ōnettan, cf. Sw.'s Gloss, and Bright's Read., Gloss.
+
+ll. 1808-1810. Müllenh. and Grundt. refer se hearda to Beowulf, correct
+sunu (MS.) to suna Ecglāfes (i.e. Unferth); [_he_] (Beo.) _thanked him_
+(Un.) _for the loan_. Cf. ll. 344, 581, 1915.
+
+ll. 1823-1840. "Beowulf departing pledges his services to Hroðgar, to be
+what afterwards in the mature language of chivalry was called his 'true
+knight'"--E.
+
+l. 1832. Kl. corrects to dryhtne, in appos. with Higelāce.
+
+l. 1835 gār-holt more properly means _spear-shaft_; cf. æsc-holt.
+
+l. 1855. sēl = _better_ (Grundt.; B., _Beit._ xii. 96), instead of MS. wēl.
+
+ll. 1855-1866. "An ideal picture of international amity according to the
+experience and doctrine of the eighth century."--E.
+
+l. 1858. S. and Kl. correct to gemǣne, agreeing with sib.--_Beit._ ix. 140,
+190.
+
+l. 1862. "The gannet is a great diver, plunging down into the sea from a
+considerable height, such as forty feet."--E.
+
+l. 1863. Kl. suggests heafu, = _seas_.
+
+l. 1865. B. proposes geþōhte, = _with firm thought_, for geworhte; cf. l.
+611.
+
+l. 1876. gesēon = _see again_ (Kl., _Beit._ ix. 190). S. and B. insert nā
+to modify gesēon and explain Hrōðgār's tears. Ha. and G. follow Heyne's
+text. Cf. l. 567.
+
+l. 1881. Is beorn here = bearn (be-arn?) of l. 67? or more likely = born,
+barn, = _burned?_--S., Th.
+
+l. 1887. orleahtre is a ἃπαξ λεγόμενον. E. compares Tennyson's "blameless"
+king. Cf. also ll. 2015, 2145; and the gōd cyning of l. 11.
+
+l. 1896. scaðan = _warriors_ (cf. l. 1804) has been proposed by C.; but cf.
+l. 253.
+
+l. 1897. The boat had been left, at ll. 294-302, in the keeping of
+Hrōðgār's men; at l. 1901 the bāt-weard is specially honored by Beowulf
+with a sword and becomes a "sworded squire."--E. This circumstance appears
+to weld the poem together. Cf. also the speed of the journey home with ymb
+ān-tīd ōþres dōgores of l. 219, and the similarity of language in both
+passages (fāmig-heals, clifu, næssas, sǣlde, brim, etc.).--The nautical
+terms in Beowulf would form an interesting study.
+
+l. 1904. R. proposes, gewāt him on naca, = _the vessel set out_, on
+alliterating as at l. 2524 (_Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 402). B. reads on
+nacan, but inserts irrelevant matter (_Beit._ xii. 97).
+
+l. 1913. Cf. the same use of cēol, = _ship_, in the _A.-S. Chron._, ed.
+Earle-Plummer; _Gnomic Verses_, etc.
+
+l. 1914. S. inserts þæt hē before on lande.
+
+l. 1916. B. makes lēofra manna depend on wlātode, = _looked for the dear
+men ready at the coast_ (_Beit._ xii. 97).
+
+l. 1924. Gr., W., and Ho. propose wunade, = _remained;_ but cf. l. 1929. S.
+conceives ll. 1924, 1925 as "direct speech" (_Beit._ ix. 141).
+
+l. 1927 _seq._ "The women of Beowulf are of the fine northern type; trusted
+and loved by their husbands and by the nobles and people; generous, gentle,
+and holding their place with dignity."--Br., p. 67. Thrytho is the
+exception, l. 1932 _seq._
+
+l. 1933. C. suggests frēcnu, = _dangerous, bold_, for Thrytho could not be
+called "excellent." G. writes "Modthrytho" as her name. The womanly Hygd
+seems purposely here contrasted with the terrible Thrytho, just as, at l.
+902 _seq._, Sigemund and Heremōd are contrasted. For Thrytho, etc., cf.
+Gr., _Jahrb. für rom. u. eng. Lit._ iv. 279; Müllenhoff, _Haupts Zeitschr._
+xiv. 216; Matthew Paris; Suchier, _Beit._ iv. 500-521; R. _Zachers
+Zeitschr._ iii. 402; B., _ibid._ iv. 206; Körner, _Eng. Stud._ i. 489-492;
+H.-So., p. 106.
+
+l. 1932-1963. K. first pointed out the connection between the historical
+Offa, King of Mercia, and his wife Cwendrida, and the Offa and Þrȳðo
+(Gr.'s _Drida_ of the _Vita Offǣ Secundi_) of the present passage. The tale
+is told of her, not of Hygd.
+
+l. 1936. Suchier proposes andǣges, = _eye to eye_; Leo proposes āndǣges, =
+_the whole day_; G., _by day_. No change is necessary if an be taken to
+govqern hire, = _on her_, and dæges be explained (like nihtes, etc.) as a
+genitive of time, = _by day_.
+
+l. 1943. R. and Suchier propose onsēce, = _seek, require_; but cf. 2955.
+
+l. 1966. Cf. the _heofoncandel_ of _Exod._ l. 115 (Hunt). Shak.'s 'night's
+candles.'
+
+l. 1969. Cf. l. 2487 _seq._ for the actual slayer of Ongenþēow, i.e. Eofor,
+to whom Hygelāc gave his only daughter as a reward, l. 2998.
+
+l. 1981. meodu-scencum = _with mead-pourers_ or _mead-cups_ (G., Ha.);
+_draught or cup of mead_ (Toller-Bosw.).
+
+l. 1982. K., Th., W., H. supply [heal-]reced; Holler [hēa-].
+
+l. 1984. B. defends the MS., reading hǣ nū (for hǣðnū), which he regards as
+= Heinir, the inhabitants of the Jutish "heaths" (hǣð). Cf. H.-So., p. 107;
+_Beit._ xii. 9.
+
+l. 1985. sīnne. "In poetry there is a reflexive possessive of the third
+person, sīn (declined like mīn). It is used not only as a true reflexive,
+but also as a non-reflexive (= Lat. _ejus_)"--Sw.; Cook's Sievers' Gram.,
+p. 185. Cf. ll. 1508, 1961, 2284, 2790.
+
+l. 1994. Cf. l. 190 for a similar use of sēað; cf. to "glow" with emotion,
+"boil" with indignation, "burn" with anger, etc. weallan is often so used;
+cf. ll. 2332, 2066, etc.
+
+l. 2010. B. proposes fācne, = _in treachery_, for fenne. Cf. _Juliana_, l.
+350; _Beit._ xii. 97.
+
+l. 2022. Food of specific sorts is rarely, if at all, mentioned in the
+poem. Drink, on the other hand, occurs in its primitive varieties,--_ale_
+(as here: ealu-wǣg), _mead, beer, wine, līð_ (cider? Goth. _leiþus_, Prov.
+Ger. _leit-_ in _leit-haus_, ale-house), etc.
+
+l. 2025. Kl. proposes is for wæs.
+
+l. 2027. Cf. l. 1599 for a similar use of weorðan, = _agree, be pleased
+with_ (Ha.); _appear_ (Sw., Reader, 6th ed.).
+
+ll. 2030, 2031. Ten Br. proposes: oft seldan ( = _gave_) wǣre æfter
+lēod-hryre: lȳtle hwīle bongār būgeð, þēah sēo brȳd duge = _oft has a
+treaty been given after the fall of a prince: but little while the
+murder-spear resteth, however excellent the bride be._ Cf. Kl., _Beit._ ix.
+190; B., _Beit._ xii. 369; R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ in. 404; Ha., p. 69; G.,
+p. 62.
+
+l. 2036. Cf. Kl, _Beit._ ix. 191; R., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iii. 404.
+
+l. 2042. For bēah B. reads bā, = _both_, i.e. Freaware and the Dane.
+
+l. 2063. Thorkelin and Conybeare propose wīgende, = _fighting_, for
+lifigende.
+
+l. 2068. W.'s edition begins section xxx. (not marked in the MS.) with this
+line. Section xxxix. (xxxviii. in copies A and B, xxxix. in Thorkelin) is
+not so designated in the MS., though þā (at l. 2822) is written with
+capitals and xl. begins at l. 2893.
+
+l. 2095. Cf. l. 1542, and note.
+
+l. 2115 _seq._ B. restores thus:
+
+                       Þǣr on innan gīong
+    niðða nāthwylc,      nēode tō gefēng
+    hǣðnum horde;      hond ætgenam
+    seleful since fāh;      nē hē þæt syððan āgeaf,
+    þēah þe hē slǣpende      besyrede hyrde
+    þēofes cræfte:       þæt se þīoden onfand,
+    bȳ-folc beorna,       þæt hē gebolgen wæs.
+       --_Beit._ xii. 99; _Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 210.
+
+l. 2129. B. proposes fǣrunga, = _suddenly_, for Gr.'s reading in the
+text.--_Beit._ xii. 98.
+
+l. 2132. MS. has þine life, which Leo translates _by thy leave_ (= ON.
+_leyfi_); B., _by thy life_.--_Beit._ xii. 369.
+
+l. 2150. B. renders gēn, etc., by "now I serve thee alone again as my
+gracious king" (_Beit._ xii. 99).
+
+l. 2151. The forms hafu [hafo], hafast, hafað, are poetic archaisms.--Sw.
+
+l. 2153. Kl. proposes ealdor, = _prince_, for eafor. W. proposes the compd.
+eafor-hēafodsegn, = _helm_; cf. l. 1245.
+
+l. 2157. The wk. form of the adj. is frequent in the vocative, especially
+when postponed: "Beowulf lēofa," l. 1759. So, often, in poetry in nom.:
+wudu selesta, etc.
+
+l. 2158. ǣrest is possibly the verbal subs. from ārīsan, _to arise, =
+arising, origin_. R. suggested ǣrist, _arising, origin_. Cf. Bede, _Eccles.
+Hist._, ed. Miller, where the word is spelt as above, but = (as usual)
+_resurrection_. See Sweet, Reader, p. 211; E.-Plummer's _Chronicle_, p.
+302, etc. The MS. has est. See Ha., p. 73; S., _Beit._ x. 222; and cf. l.
+2166.
+
+l. 2188. Gr., W., H. supply [wēn]don, = _weened_, instead of Th.'s [oft
+sæg]don.
+
+l. 2188. The "slack" Beowulf, like the sluggish Brutus, ultimately reveals
+his true character, and is presented with a historic sword of honor. It is
+"laid on his breast" (l. 2195) as Hun laid Lāfing on Hengest's breast, l.
+1145.
+
+l. 2188. "The boy was at first slothful, and the Geats thought him an
+unwarlike prince, and long despised him. Then, like many a lazy third son
+in the folk tales, a change came, he suddenly showed wonderful daring and
+was passionate for adventure."--Br., p. 22.
+
+l. 2196. "Seven of thousands, manor and lordship" (Ha.). Kl., _Beit._ ix.
+191, thinks with Ettm. that þūsendo means a hide of land (see Schmid, _Ges.
+der Angl_, 610), Bede's familia = 1/2 sq. meter; seofan being used (like
+hund, l. 2995) only for the alliteration.
+
+l. 2196. "A vast Honour of 7000 hides, a mansion, and a judgment-seat"
+[throne].--E.
+
+l. 2210. MS. has the more correct wintra.
+
+l. 2211. Cf. similar language about the dragon at l. 100. Beowulf's
+"jubilee" is fitly solemnized by his third and last dragon-fight.
+
+l. 2213. B. proposes sē þe on hearge hǣðen hord beweotode; cf. Ha., p. 75.
+
+l. 2215. "The dragon lies round the treasures in a cave, as Fafnir, like a
+Python, lay coiled over his hoard. So constant was this habit among the
+dragons that gold is called Worms' bed, Fafnir's couch, Worms' bed-fire.
+Even in India, the cobras ... are guardians of treasure."--Br., p. 50.
+
+l. 2216. nēode. E. translates _deftly_; Ha., _with ardor_. H.-So. reads
+nēode, = _with desire, greedily_, instr. of nēod.
+
+l. 2223. E. begins his "Part Third" at this point as he begins "Part
+Second" at l. 1252, each dragon-fight forming part of a trilogy.
+
+ll. 2224, 2225. B. proposes: nealles mid gewealdum wyrmes weard gæst sylfes
+willum.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 211; _Beit._ xii. 100.
+
+l. 2225. For þēow read þegn.--K. and Z.
+
+l. 2227. For ofer-þearfe read ǣrnes þearfa.--Z.
+
+ll. 2229-2231. B. proposes:
+
+    secg synbysig      sōna onwlātode,
+    þēah þām gyste      gryrebrōga stōd,
+    hwæðre earmsceapen      innganges þearfa
+    . . . . . . . . . .
+    fēasceapen,      þā hyne se fǣr begeat.
+      --_Beit._ xii. 101. Cf. Ha., p. 69.
+
+l. 2232. W. suggests seah or seīr for geseah, and Gr. suggests searolīc.
+
+l. 2233. Z. surmises eorð-hūse (for -scræfe).
+
+l. 2241. B. proposes lǣn-gestrēona, = _transitory_, etc.; Th., R. propose
+leng (= _longer_) gestrēona; S. accepts the text but translates "the long
+accumulating treasure."
+
+l. 2246. B. proposed (1) hard-fyndne, = _hard to find_; (2) hord-wynne
+dǣl,--_a deal of treasure-joy_ (cf. l. 2271).--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 211;
+_Beit._ xii. 102.
+
+l. 2247. fecword = _banning words_ (?) MS. has fec.
+
+l. 2254. Others read feor-[mie], = _furbish_, for fetige: _I own not one
+who may_, etc.
+
+l. 2261. The Danes themselves were sometimes called the "Ring-Danes," =
+clad in ringed (or a ring of) armor, or possessing rings. Cf. ll. 116,
+1280.
+
+l. 2263. Koeppel suggests nis for næs.
+
+The editors are much indebted to E. Koeppel (in _Eng. Stud._ xiii. 3) for
+numerous corrections in text and glossary.
+
+l. 2264. Note the early reference to hawking. Minstrelsy (hearpan wyn),
+saga-telling, racing, swimming, harpooning of sea-animals, feasting, and
+the bestowal of jewels, swords, and rings, are the other amusements most
+frequent in _Bēowulf_.
+
+l. 2264. Cf. _Maldon_, ll. 8, 9, for a reference to hawking.
+
+l. 2276. Z. suggests swȳðe ondrǣdað; Ho. puts gesēcean for Gr.'s gewunian.
+
+l. 2277. Z. and K. read: hord on hrūsan. "Three hundred winters," at l.
+2279, is probably conventional for "a long time," like hund missēra, l.
+1499; hund þūsenda, l. 2995; þrītig (of Beowulf's strength), l. 379; þrītig
+(of the men slain by Grendel), l. 123; seofan þūsendo, l. 2196, etc.
+
+l. 2285. B. objects to hord as repeated in ll. 2284, 2285; but cf. Ha., p.
+77. C. prefers sum to hord. onboren = _inminutus_; cf. B., _Beit._ xii.
+102.
+
+l. 2285. onberan is found also at line 991, = _carry off_, with on- = E.
+_un--(un-bind, -loose, -tie_, etc.), G. _ent-_. The negro still pronounces
+_on-do_, etc.
+
+l. 2299. Cf. H.-So., p. 112, for a defense of the text as it stands. B.
+proposes "nor was there any man in that desert who rejoiced in conflict,"
+etc. So ten Br.
+
+l. 2326. B. and ten Br,. propose hām, = _home_, for him.--_Beit._ xii. 103.
+
+l. 2335. E. translates ēalond utan by _the sea-board front, the
+water-washed land on the (its) outside_. See B., _Beit._ xii. 1, 5.
+
+l. 2346. Cf. l. 425, where Beowulf resolves to fight the dragon
+single-handed. E. compares _Guy of Warwick_, ll. 49, 376.
+
+l. 2355. Ten Br. proposes laðan cynne as apposition to mǣgum.
+
+l. 2360. Cf. Beowulf's other swimming-feat with Breca, ll. 506 _seq._
+
+l. 2362. Gr. inserts āna, = _lone-going_, before xxx.: approved by B.; and
+Krüger, _Beit._ ix. 575. Cf. l. 379.
+
+l. 2362. "Beowulf has the strength of thirty men in the original tale.
+Here, then, the new inventor makes him carry off thirty coats of
+mail."--Br., p. 48.
+
+l. 2364. Hetware = Chattuarii, a nation allied against Hygelāc in his
+Frisian expedition; cf. ll. 1208 _seq._, 2917, etc.
+
+l. 2368. B. proposes _quiet sea_ as trans, of sioleða bigong, and compares
+Goth. _anasilan_, to be still; Swed. dial, _sil_, still water between
+waterfalls.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 214.
+
+l. 2380. hyne--Heardrēd; so him, l. 2358.
+
+l. 2384. E. calls attention to Swīo-rīce as identical with the modern
+_Sverige_ = Sweden; cf. l. 2496.
+
+l. 2386. Gr. reads on feorme, = _at the banquet_; cf. Möller, _Alteng.
+Volksepos_, 111, who reads (f)or feorme. The MS. has or.
+
+l. 2391. Cf. l. 11.
+
+l. 2394. B., Gr., and Mūllenh. understand ll. 2393-2397 to mean that
+Ēadgils, Ōhthere's son, driven from Sweden, returns later, supported by
+Beowulf, takes the life of his uncle Onela, and probably becomes himself
+O.'s successor and king of Sweden. For another view see H.-So., p. 115. MS.
+has freond (l. 2394), which Leo, etc., change to fēond. G. translates
+_friend_.--_Beit._ xii. 13; _Anzeiger f. d. Altert._ iii. 177.
+
+l. 2395. Ēadgils is Ōhthere's son; cf. l. 2381; Onela is Ōhthere's brother;
+cf. ll. 2933, 2617.
+
+l. 2402. "Twelfsome"; cf. "fifteensome" at l. 207, etc. As _Bēowulf_ is
+essentially _the_ Epic of Philanthropy, of the true love of man, as
+distinguished from the ordinary love-epic, the number twelve in this
+passage may be reminiscent of another Friend of Man and another Twelve. In
+each case all but one desert the hero.
+
+l. 2437. R. proposes stȳred, = _ordered, decreed_, for strēd.--_Zachers
+Zeitschr._ iii. 409.
+
+l. 2439. B. corrects to frēo-wine = _noble friend_, asking, "How can
+Herebeald be called Hæðcyn's frēa-wine [MS.], _lord?_"
+
+l. 2442. feohlēas gefeoht, "a homicide which cannot be atoned for by
+money--in this case an unintentional fratricide."--Sw.
+
+l. 2445. See Ha., pp. 82, 83, for a discussion of ll. 2445-2463. Cf. G., p.
+75.
+
+l. 2447. MS. reads wrece, justified by B. (_Tidskr._ viii. 56). W.
+conceives wrece as optative or hortative, and places a colon before þonne.
+
+l. 2449. For helpan read helpe.--K., Th., S. (_Zeitschr. f. D. Phil._ xxi.
+3, 357).
+
+ll. 2454-2455. (1) Müllenh. (_Haupts Zeitschr._ xiv. 232) proposes:
+
+                    þonne se ān hafað
+    þurh dǣda nȳd     dēaðes gefandod.
+
+(2) B. proposes:
+
+    þurh dǣda nīð      dēaðes gefondad.
+       --_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 215.
+
+l. 2458. Cf. scēotend, pl., ll. 704, 1155, like rīdend. Cf. _Judith_, l.
+305, etc.
+
+l. 2474. Th. considers the "wide water" here as the Mälar lake, the
+boundary between Swedes and Goths.
+
+l. 2477. On oþþe = _and_, cf. B., _Tidskr._ viii. 57. See Ha., p. 83.
+
+l. 2489. B. proposes hrēa-blāc for Gr.'s heoro-.--_Tikskr._ viii. 297.
+
+l. 2494. S. suggests ēðel-wynne.
+
+l. 2502. E. translates for dugeðum, _of my prowess_; so Ettmüller.
+
+ll. 2520-2522. Gr. and S. translate, "if I knew how else I might combat the
+monster's boastfulness."--Ha., p. 85.
+
+l. 2524. and-hāttres is H.'s invention. Gr. reads oreðes and attres, _blast
+and venom_. Cf. oruð, l. 2558, and l. 2840 (where attor- also occurs).
+
+l. 2526. E. quotes flēon fōtes trym from _Maldon_, l. 247.
+
+l. 2546. Gr., H.-So., and Ho. read standan stān-bogan (for stōd on
+stān-bogan) depending on geseah.
+
+l. 2550. Grundt. and B. propose dēor, _brave one_, i.e. Beowulf, for dēop.
+
+L. 2565. MS. has ungleaw (K., Th.), unglaw (Grundt.). B. proposes unslāw, =
+_sharp_.--_Beit._ xii. 104. So H.-So., Ha., p. 86.
+
+ll. 2570, 2571. (1) May not gescīfe (MS. to gscipe) = German _schief_,
+"crooked," "bent," "aslant," and hence be a parallel to gebogen, _bent,
+coiled?_ cf. l. 2568, þā se wyrm gebēah snūde tōsomne, and l. 2828. Coiled
+serpents spring more powerfully for the coiling. (2) Or perhaps destroy
+comma after tō and read gescæpe, = _his fate_; cf. l. 26: him þā Scyld
+gewāt tō gescæp-hwīle. G. appar. adopts this reading, p. 78.
+
+l. 2589. grund-wong = _the field_, not _the earth_ (so B.); H.-So., _cave_,
+as at l. 2771. So Ha., p. 87.
+
+l. 2595. S. proposes colon after stefne.--_Beit._ ix. 141.
+
+l. 2604. Müllenh. explains lēod Scylfinga in _Anzeiger f. d. Altert._ iii.
+176-178.
+
+l. 2607. āre = _possessions, holding_ (Kl., _Beit._ ix. 192; Ha., p. 88).
+
+l. 2609. folcrihta. Add "folk-right" to the meanings in the Gloss.; and cf.
+ēðel-, land-riht, word-riht.
+
+l. 2614. H.-So. reads with Gr. wrǣccan winelēasum Wēohstān bana, = _whom, a
+friendless exile, W. had slain_.
+
+ll. 2635-61. E. quotes Tacitus, _Germania_, xiv.: "turpe comitatui virtutem
+principis non adaequare." Beowulf had been deserted by his _comitatus_.
+
+l. 2643. B. proposes ūser.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 216.
+
+l. 2649. wutun; l. 3102, uton = pres. subj. pl. 1st person of wītan, _to
+go_, used like Mod. Eng. _let us_ + inf., Lat. _eamus_, Ital. _andiamo_,
+Fr. _allons_; M. E. (_Layamon_) _uten_. Cf. Psa. ii. 3, etc. March, _A.-S.
+Gram._, pp. 104, 196.
+
+l. 2650. B. suggests hāt for hyt,.--_Beit._ xii. 105.
+
+l. 2656. fāne = fāh-ne; cf. fāra = fāh-ra, l. 578; so hēanne (MS.) =
+hēah-ne, etc., l. 984. See Cook's Sievers' Gram.
+
+ll. 2660, 2661. Why not read beadu-scrūd, as at l. 453, = _battle-shirt?_
+B. and R. suppose two half-verses omitted between byrdu-scrūd and bām
+gemǣne. B. reads bȳwdu, = _handsome_, etc. Gr. suggests unc nū, = _to us
+two now_, for ūrum; and K. and Grundt. read bēon gemǣne for bām, etc. This
+makes sense. Cf. Ha., p. 89.
+
+l. 2666. Cf. the dat. absolute without preposition.
+
+l. 2681. Nægling; cf. Hrunting, Lāfing, and other famous wundor-smiða
+geweorc of the poem.
+
+l. 2687. B. changes þonne into þone (rel. pro.) = _which_.--_Beit._ xii.
+105.
+
+l. 2688. B. supports the MS. reading, wundum.
+
+l. 2688. Cf. l. 2278 for similar language.
+
+l. 2698. B. (_Beit._ xii. 105) renders: "he did not heed the head of the
+dragon (which Beowulf with his sword had struck without effect), but he
+struck the dragon somewhat further down." Cf. Saxo, vi. p. 272.
+
+l. 2698. Cf. the language used at ll. 446 and 1373, where hafelan also
+occurs; and hȳdan.
+
+l. 2700. hwēne; cf. Lowl. Sc. _wheen_, a number; Chaucer's _woon_, number.
+
+l. 2702. S. proposes þā (for þæt) þæt fȳr, etc., = _when the fire began_,
+etc.
+
+l. 2704. "The (hup)-seax has often been found in Saxon graves on the hip of
+the skeleton."--E.
+
+l. 2707. Kl. proposes: feorh ealne wræc, = _drove out all the life_; cf.
+_Gen._ l. 1385.--_Beit._ ix. 192. S. suggests gefylde,--_he felled the
+foe_, etc.--_Ibid._ Parentheses seem unnecessary.
+
+l. 2727. dæg-hwīl = _time allotted, lifetime_.
+
+l. 2745, 2745. Ho. removes geong from the beginning of l. 2745 and places
+it at the end of l. 2744.
+
+l. 2750. R. proposes sigle searogimmas, as at l. 1158.
+
+l. 2767. (1) B. proposes doubtfully oferhīgean or oferhīgan, = Goth,
+_ufarhauhjan_, p. p. _ufarhauhids_ (Gr. τυφωθείς) = _exceed in
+value_.--_Tidskr._ viii. 60. (2) Kl. proposes oferhȳdian, = _to make
+arrogant, infatuate_; cf. oferhȳd.--_Beit._ ix. 192.
+
+l. 2770. gelocen leoðocræftum = (1) _spell-bound_ (Th., Arnold, E.); (2)
+_wrought with hand-craft_ (G.); (3) _meshed, linked together_ (H., Ho.);
+cf. _Elene_, ll. 1251, 522.
+
+l. 2778. B. considers bill ... ealdhlāfordes as Beowulf's short sword, with
+which he killed the dragon, l. 2704 (_Tidskr._ viii. 299). R. proposes
+ealdhlāforde. Müllenh. understands ealdhlāford to mean the former possessor
+of the hoard. W. agrees to this, but conceives ǣrgescōd as a compd. = ǣre
+calceatus, _sheathed in brass_. Ha. translates ǣrgescōd as vb. and adv.
+
+l. 2791. Cf. l. 224, eoletes æt ende; landes æt ende, _Exod._ (Hunt).
+
+l. 2792. MS. reads wæteres weorpan, which R. would change to wætere
+sweorfan.
+
+l. 2806. "Men saw from its height the whales tumbling in the waves, and
+called it Whale's Ness (Hrones-nǣs)."--Br. p. 28. Cf. l. 3137.
+
+l. 2815. Wīglāf was the next of kin, the last of the race, and hence the
+recipient of Beowulf's kingly insignia. There is a possible play on the
+word lāf (Wīg-_lāf_, ende-_lāf_).
+
+l. 2818. gingeste word; cf. _novissima verba_, and Ger. _jüngst_, lately.
+
+l. 2837. E. translates on lande, _in the world_, comparing _on līfe, on
+worulde_.
+
+l. 2840. gerǣsde = pret. of gerǣsan (omitted from the Gloss.), same as
+rǣsan; cf. l. 2691.
+
+l. 2859. B. proposes dēað ārǣdan, = _determine death_.--_Beit._ xii. 106.
+
+l. 2861. Change geongum to geongan as a scribal error (?), but cf.
+Lichtenheld, _Haupts Zeitschr._ xvi. 353-355.
+
+l. 2871. S. and W. propose ōwēr.--_Beit._ ix. 142.
+
+l. 2873. S. punctuates: wrāðe forwurpe, þā, etc.
+
+l. 2874. H.-So. begins a new sentence with nealles, ending the preceding
+one with beget.
+
+l. 2879. ætgifan = _to render, to afford_; omitted in Gloss.
+
+ll. 2885-2892. "This passage ... equals the passage in Tacitus which
+describes the tie of chief to companion and companion to chief among the
+Germans, and which recounts the shame that fell on those who survived their
+lord."--Br., p. 56.
+
+l. 2886. cyn thus has the meaning of _gens_ or clan, just as in many
+Oriental towns all are of one blood. E. compares Tacitus, _Germania_, 7;
+and cf. "kith and kin."
+
+l. 2892. Death is preferable to dishonor. Cf. Kemble, _Saxons_, i. 235.
+
+l. 2901. The ἄγγελος begins his ἀγγελία here.
+
+l. 2910. S. proposes higemēðe, _sad of soul;_ cf. ll. 2853 and 2864
+(_Beit._ ix. 142). B. considers higemēðum a dat. or instr. pl. of an
+abstract in -u (_Beit._ xii. 106). H. makes it a dat. pl. = _for the dead_.
+For heafod-wearde, etc., cf. note on l. 446.
+
+l. 2920-2921. B. explains "he could not this time, as usual, give jewels to
+his followers."--_Beit._ xii. 106.
+
+l. 2922. The Merovingian or Frankish race.
+
+l. 2940 _seq._ B. conjectures:
+
+    cwæð hīe on mergenne      mēces ecgum
+    gētan wolde,      sumon galgtreowu
+    āhēawan on holte      ond hīe āhōan on þā
+    fuglum tō gamene.
+      --_Beit._ xii. 107, 372.
+
+Cf. S., _Beit._ ix. 143. gētan = _cause blood to be shed._
+
+l. 2950. B. proposes gomela for gōda; "a surprising epithet for a Geat to
+apply to the 'terrible' Ongentheow."--Ha. p. 99. But "good" does not
+necessarily mean "morally excellent," as a "good" hater, a "good" fighter.
+
+l. 2959. See H.-So. for an explanatory quotation from Paulus Diaconus, etc.
+B., K., and Th. read segn Higelāces, = H.'s banner uplifted began to pursue
+the Swede-men.--_Beit._ xii. 108. S. suggests sǣce, = _pursuit_.
+
+l. 2977. gewyrpton: this vb. is also used reflexively in _Exod._ (Hunt), l.
+130: wyrpton hīe wērige.
+
+l. 2989. bær is Grundt.'s reading, after the MS. "The surviving victor is
+the heir of the slaughtered foe."--H.-So. Cf. _Hildebrands Lied_, ll. 61,
+62.
+
+l. 2995. "A hundred of thousands in land and rings" (Ha., p. 100). Cf. ll.
+2196, 3051. Cf. B., _Beit._ xii. 20, who quotes Saxo's _bis senas gentes_
+and remarks: "Hrolf Kraki, who rewards his follower, for the slaying of the
+foreign king, with jewels, rich lands, and his only daughter's hand,
+answers to the Jutish king Hygelāc, who rewards his liegeman, for the
+slaying of Ongenthēow, with jewels, enormous estates, and _his_ only
+daughter's hand."
+
+l. 3006. H.-So. suggests Scilfingas for Scyldingas, because, at l. 2397,
+Beowulf kills the Scylfing Ēadgils and probably acquires his lands. Thus
+ll. 3002, 3005, 3006, would indicate that, after Beowulf's death, the
+Swedes desired to shake off his hated yoke. Müllenh., however, regards l.
+3006 as a thoughtless repetition of l. 2053.--_Haupts Zeitschr._ xiv. 239.
+
+l. 3008. Cf. the same proverb at l. 256; and _Exod._ (Hunt.) l. 293.
+
+l. 3022. E. quotes:
+
+    "Thai token an harp _gle and game_
+    And maked a lai and yaf it name."
+       --_Weber_, l. 358.
+
+and from Percy, "The word _glee_, which peculiarly denoted their art (the
+minstrels'), continues still in our own language ... it is to this day used
+in a musical sense, and applied to a peculiar piece of composition."
+
+l. 3025. "This is a finer use than usual of the common poetic attendants of
+a battle, the wolf, the eagle, and the raven. The three are here like three
+Valkyrie, talking of all that they have done."--Br., p. 57.
+
+l. 3033. Cf. Hunt's _Dan._ l. 731, for similar language.
+
+l. 3039. B. supplies a supposed gap here:
+
+    [banan ēac fundon      bennum sēocne
+    (nē) ǣr hī þǣm      gesēgan syllīcran wiht]
+    wyrm on wonge...
+      --_Beit._ xii. 372.
+
+Cf. Ha., p. 102. W. and Ho. insert [þǣr] before gesēgan.
+
+l. 3042. Cf. l. 2561, where gryre-giest occurs as an epithet of the dragon.
+B. proposes gry[re-fāh].
+
+l. 3044. lyft-wynne, _in the pride of the air_, E.; _to rejoice in the
+air_, Ha.
+
+l. 3057. (1) He (God) is men's hope; (2) he is the heroes' hope; (3) gehyld
+= the secret place of enchanters; cf. hēlsmanna gehyld, Gr.'s reading,
+after A.-S. hǣlsere, haruspex, augur.
+
+l. 3060. B. suggests gehȳðde, = _plundered_ (i.e. by the thief), for
+gehȳdde.
+
+ll. 3063-3066. (1) B. suggests wundur [dēaðe] hwār þonne eorl ellenrof ende
+gefēre = _let a brave man then somewhere meet his end by wondrous venture_,
+etc.--_Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 241; cf. l. 3038. (2) S. supposes an indirect
+question introduced by hwār and dependent upon wundur, = _a mystery is it
+when it happens that the hero is to die, if he is no longer to linger among
+his people_.--_Beit._ ix. 143. (3) Müllenh. suggests: _is it to be wondered
+at that a man should die when he can no longer live?_--_Zachers Zeitschr._
+xiv. 241. (4) Possibly thus:
+
+                        Wundrað hwæt þonne,
+    eorl ellen-rōf,      ende gefēre
+    līf-gesceafta,      þonne leng ne mæg (etc.),
+
+in which hwæt would = þurh hwæt at l. 3069, and eorl would be subject of
+the conjectural vb. wundrað: "the valiant earl wondereth then through what
+he shall attain his life's end, when he no longer may live. ... So Bēowulf
+knew not (wondered how) through what _his_ end should come," etc. W. and
+Ho. join þonne to the next line. Or, for hwār read wǣre: Wundur wǣre þonne
+(= gif), etc., = "would it be any wonder if a brave man," etc., which is
+virtually Müllenhoff's.
+
+l. 3053. galdre bewunden, _spell-bound_, throws light on l. 2770, gelocen
+leoðo-cræftum. The "accursed" gold of legend is often dragon-guarded and
+placed under a spell. Even human ashes (as Shakespeare's) are thus banned.
+ll. 3047-3058 recall the so-called "Treasury of Atreus."
+
+l. 3070. H.-So. begins a new line with swā.
+
+l. 3073. herh, hearh, _temple_, is conjectured by E. to survive in _Harrow.
+Temple, barrow_, etc., have thus been raised to proper names. Cf. Bīowulfes
+biorh of l. 2808.
+
+l. 3074. H.-So. has strude, = _ravage_, and compares l. 3127. MS. has
+strade. S. suggests stride, = _tread_.
+
+l. 3074. H.-So. omits strādan, = _tread, stride over_, from the Gloss.,
+referring ll. 3174 and 3074 to strūdan, q. v.
+
+l. 3075. S. proposes: næs hē goldhwætes gearwor hæfde, etc., = _Beowulf had
+not before seen the greedy possessor's favor_.--_Beit._ ix. 143. B. reads,
+goldhwæte gearwor hæfde, etc., making goldhwæte modify ēst, = _golden
+favor_; but see _Beit._ xii. 373, for B.'s later view.
+
+l. 3086-3087. B. translates, "that which (i.e. the treasure) drew the king
+thither was granted indeed, but it overwhelmed us."--_Beit._ xii. 109.
+
+l. 3097. B. and S. propose æfter wine dēadum, = _in memory of the dead
+friend_.--_Beit._ ix. 144.
+
+l. 3106. The brād gold here possibly includes the iū-monna gold of l. 3053
+and the wunden gold of l. 3135. E. translates brād by _bullion_.
+
+l. 3114. B. supposes folc-āgende to be dat. sg. to gōdum, referring to
+Beowulf.
+
+l. 3116. C. considers weaxan, = Lat. _vescor_, to devour, as a parallel to
+fretan, and discards parentheses.--_Beit._ viii. 573.
+
+l. 3120. fūs = _furnished with_; a meaning which must be added to those in
+the Gloss.
+
+ll. 3124-3125. S. proposes:
+
+    ēode eahta sum      under inwit-hrōf
+    hilderinca:      sum on handa bær, etc.
+      --_Beit._ ix. 144.
+
+l. 3136. H.-So. corrects (after B.) to æðeling_c_, the MS. having _e_.
+
+l. 3145. "It was their [the Icelanders'] belief that the higher the smoke
+rose in the air the more glorious would the burnt man be in heaven."--
+_Ynglinga Saga_, 10 (quoted by E.). Cf. the funeral pyre of Herakles.
+
+l. 3146-3147. B. conjectures:
+
+                   ... swōgende lēc
+    wōpe bewunden      windblonda lēg
+
+(lēc from lācan, see Gloss.).--_Beit._ xii. 110. Why not windblonda lāc?
+
+l. 3147. Müllenhoff rejected wind-blond gelæg because a great fire raises
+rather than "lays" the wind; hence B., as above, = "swoughing sported the
+flame wound with the howling of wind-currents."
+
+l. 3151 _seq._ B. restores conjecturally:
+
+    swylce giōmor-gyd      sio geō-meowle
+    [æfter Bēowulfe]      bunden-heorde
+    [song] sorg-cearig,      sǣde geneahhe,
+    þæt hīo hyre [hearm-]dagas      hearde on [dr]ēde,
+    wælfylla worn,      [w]īgendes egesan,
+    hȳ[n]ðo ond hæftnȳd,      hēof on rīce wealg.
+      --_Beit._ xii. 100.
+
+Here geō-meowle = _old woman_ or _widow;_ bunden-heorde = _with bound
+locks;_ hēof = _lamentation;_ cf. l. 3143. on rīce wealg is less preferable
+than the MS. reading, heofon rēce swealg = _heaven swallowed the
+smoke_.--H.-So. B. thinks Beowulf's widow (geōmeowle) was probably Hygd;
+cf. ll. 2370, 3017-3021.
+
+l. 3162. H.-So. reads (with MS.) bronda be lāfe, for betost, and omits
+colon after bēcn. So B., _Zachers Zeitschr._ iv. 224.
+
+l. 3171. E. quotes Gibbon's accounts of the burial of Attila when the
+"chosen squadrons of the Hun, wheeling round in measured evolutions,
+chanted a funeral song to the memory of a hero."
+
+ll. 3173-3174. B. proposes:
+
+      woldon gēn cwīðan      [ond] kyning
+    wordgyd wrecan      ond ymb wēl sprecan.
+      --_Beit._ xii. 112.
+
+l. 3183. Z., K., Th. read manna for mannum.
+
+l. 3184. "It is the English ideal of a hero as it was conceived by an
+Englishman some twelve hundred years ago."--Br., p. 18.
+
+
+NOTES TO THE FIGHT AT FINNSBURG.
+
+The original MS. of this fragment has vanished, but a copy had been made
+and printed by Hickes in his _Thesaurus Linguarum Septentrionalium_, i.
+192. The original was written on a single sheet attached to a codex of
+homilies in the Lambeth Library. Möller, _Alteng. Epos_, p. 65, places the
+fragment in the Finn episode, between ll. 1146 and 1147. Bugge (_Beit._
+xii. 20) makes it illustrate the conflict in which Hnæf fell, _i.e._ as
+described in _Bēowulf_ as antecedent to the events there given. Heinzel
+(_Anzeiger f. d. Altert._), however, calls attention to the fact that
+Hengest in the fragment is called cyning, whereas in _Bēowulf_, l. 1086, he
+is called þegn. See H.-So., p. 125.
+
+"The _Fight at Finnsburg_ and the lays from which our _Bēowulf_ was
+composed were, as it seems to me, sung among the English who dwelt in the
+north of Denmark and the south of Sweden, and whose tribal name was the
+Jutes or Goths."--Br., p. 101.
+
+l. 1. R. supposes [hor]nas, and conjectures such an introductory
+conversation as follows: "Is it dawning in the east, or is a fiery dragon
+flying about, or are the turrets of some castle burning?" questions which
+the king negatives in the same order. Then comes the positive declaration,
+"rather they are warriors marching whose armor gleams in the moonlight."
+--_Alt- und Angels. Lesebuch_, 1861. Heinzel and B. conjecture, [beorhtor
+hor]nas byrnað nǣfre. So. G.--_Beit._ xii. 22; _Anzeiger f. d. Altert._ x.
+229.
+
+l. 5. B. conjectures fugelas to mean _arrows_, and supplies:
+
+    ac hēr forð berað      [fyrdsearu rincas,
+    flacre flānbogan],      fugelas singað.
+
+He compares Saxo, p. 95, _cristatis galeis hastisque sonantibus instant_,
+as explanatory of l. 6.--_Beit._ xii. 22. But see Brooke, _Early Eng.
+Literature_, who supposes fugelas = _raven_ and _eagle_, while grǣg-hama is
+= _wulf_ (the "grey-coated one"), the ordinary accompaniers of battle.
+
+l. 11. hicgeað, etc.: cf. _Maldon_, l. 5; _Exod._ l. 218.
+
+l. 15. Cf. B. (_Beit._ xii. 25), etc., and Saxo, p. 101, for l. 13.
+
+ll. 18-21. H.-So. remarks: "If, according to Möller and Bugge, Gārulf is
+one of the attackers, one of Finn's men, this does not harmonize with his
+character as Gūðlāf's son (l. 33), who (l. 16, and _Bēowulf_, l. 1149) is a
+Dane, therefore one of Finn's antagonists." B. (_Beit._ xii. 25)
+conjectures:
+
+    þā gȳt Gūðdene      Gārulf styrode,
+    þæt hē swā frēolīc feorh      forman sīðe
+    tō þǣre healle durum      hyrsta ne bǣre,
+    nū hīe nīða heard      ānyman wolde;
+
+in which Gūðdene is the same as Sigeferð, l. 24; hē (l. 22) refers to
+Gārulf; and hīe (l. 21) to hyrsta.
+
+l. 27. swæðer = _either_ (bad or good, life or death).--H.-So.
+
+l. 29. cēlod: meaning doubtful; cf. _Maldon_, l. 283. G. renders "curved
+board"; Sw. suggests "round"? "hollow"?
+
+l. 30. B. suggests bār-helm, = _boar-helm._ Cf. Saxo, p. 96.--_Beit._ xii.
+26.
+
+l. 34. B. conjectures: (1) hwearf flacra hrǣw hræfen, wandrode; (2) hwearf
+flacra hrǣw hræfen fram ōðrum = _flew from one corpse to another_.--_Beit._
+xii. 27.
+
+l. 43. B. supposes wund hæleð to be a Dane, folces hyrde to be Hnæf, in
+opposition to Holtzmann (_Germania_, viii. 494), who supposes the wounded
+man to be a Frisian, and folces hyrde to be their king, Finn.--_Beit._ xii.
+28.
+
+l. 45. B. adopts Th.'s reading heresceorp unhrōr = _equipments
+useless_.--_Beit._ xii. 28.
+
+l. 47. "Though wounded, they had retained their strength and activity in
+battle."--B., _Beit._ xii. 28.
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY
+
+A
+
+ac, conj. denoting contrariety: hence 1) _but_ (like N.H.G. sondern), 109,
+135, 339, etc.--2) _but_ (N.H.G. aber), _nevertheless_, 602, 697, etc.--3)
+in direct questions: nonne, numquid, 1991.
+
+āglǣca, āhlǣca, ǣglǣca, -cea, w. m. (cf. Goth, aglo, _trouble_, O.N. agi,
+_terror_, + lāc, _gift, sport: = misery, vexation, = bringer of trouble_;
+hence): 1) _evil spirit, demon, a demon-like being_; of Grendel, 159, 433,
+593, etc.; of the drake, 2535, 2906, etc.--2) _great hero, mighty warrior_;
+of Sigemund, 894; of Bēowulf: gen. sg. āglǣcan(?), 1513; of Bēowulf and the
+drake: nom. pl. þā āglǣcean, 2593.
+
+āglǣc-wīf, st. n., _demon, devil, in the form of a woman_; of Grendel's
+mother, 1260.
+
+aldor. See ealdor.
+
+al-wealda. See eal-w.
+
+am-biht (from and-b., Goth, and-baht-s), st. m., _servant, man-servant_:
+nom. sg. ombeht, of the coast-guard, 287; ombiht, of Wulfgār, 336.
+
+ambiht-þegn (from ambiht n. officium and þegn, which see), _servant,
+man-servant_: dat. sg. ombiht-þegne, of Bēowulf's servant, 674.
+
+an, prep, with the dat., _on, in, with respect to_, 678; _with, among, at,
+upon_ (position after the governed word), 1936; with the acc., 1248.
+Elsewhere on, which see.
+
+ancor, st. m., _anchor_: dat. sg. ancre, 303, 1884.
+
+ancor-bend, m. (?) f. (?), _anchor-cable_: dat. pl. oncer-bendum, 1919.
+
+and, conj. (ond is usual form; for example, 601, 1149, 2041), and 33, 39,
+40, etc. (See Appendix.)
+
+anda, w. m., _excitement, vexation, horror_: dat. wrāðum on andan, 709,
+2315.
+
+and-git, st. n., _insight, understanding_: nom. sg., 1060. See gitan.
+
+and-hātor, st. m. n., _heat coming against one_: gen. sg. rēðes
+and-hāttres, 2524.
+
+and-lang, -long, adj., _very long._ hence 1) _at whole length, raised up
+high_: acc. andlongne eorl, 2696 (cf. Bugge upon this point, Zachers
+Ztschr., 4, 217).--2) _continual, entire_; andlangne dæg, 2116, _the whole
+day_; andlonge niht, 2939.
+
+and-lēan, st. n., _reward, payment in full_: acc. sg., 1542, 2095 (hand-,
+hond-lean, MS.).
+
+and-risno, st. f. (see rīsan, surgere, decere), _that which is to be
+observed, that which is proper, etiquette_: dat. pl. for andrysnum,
+_according to etiquette_, 1797.
+
+and-saca, w. m., _adversary_: godes andsaca (Grendel), 787, 1683.
+
+and-slyht, st. m., _blow in return_: acc. sg., 2930, 2973 (MS. both times
+hond-slyht).
+
+and-swaru, st. f., _act of accosting_: 1) to persons coming up, _an
+address_, 2861.--2) in reply to something said, _an answer_, 354, 1494,
+1841.
+
+and-weard, adj., _present, existing_: acc. sg. n. swīn ofer helme and-weard
+(_the image of the boar, which stands on his helm_), 1288.
+
+and-wlita, w. m., _countenance_: acc. sg. -an, 690.
+
+an-sund, adj., _entirely unharmed_: nom. sg. m., 1001.
+
+an-sȳn, f., _the state of being seen_: hence 1) _the exterior, the form_,
+251: ansȳn ȳwde, _showed his form_, i.e. appeared, 2835.--2) _aspect,
+appearance_, 929; on-sȳn, 2773.
+
+an-walda, w. m., _He who rules over all, God_, 1273. See Note.
+
+atelīc, adj., _terrible, dreadful_: atelīc egesa, 785.
+
+atol, adj. (also eatol, 2075, etc.), _hostile, frightful, cruel_: of
+Grendel, 159, 165, 593, 2075, etc.; of Grendel's mother's hands (dat. pl.
+atolan), 1503; of the undulation of the waves, 849; of battle, 597,
+2479.--cf. O.N. atall, fortis, strenuus.
+
+attor, st. n., _poison_, here of the poison of the dragon's bite: nom.,
+2716.
+
+attor-sceaða, w. m., _poisonous enemy, of the poisonous dragon_: gen. sg.
+-sceaðan, 2840.
+
+āwa, adv. (certainly not the dative, but a reduplicated form of ā, which
+see), _ever_: āwa tō aldre, _fōr ever and ever_, 956.
+
+Ā
+
+ā, adv. (Goth, áiv, acc. from aiv-s aevum), _ever, always_, 455, 882, 931,
+1479: ā syððan, _ever afterwards, ever, ever after_, 283, 2921.--_ever_,
+780.--Comp. nā.
+
+ād st. m. _funeral pile_: acc. sg. ād, 3139; dat. sg. āde, 1111, 1115.
+
+ād-faru, st. f., _way to the funeral pile_, dat. sg. on ād-fære, 3011.
+
+ādl, st. f. _sickness_, 1737, 1764, 1849.
+
+āð, st. m., _oath in general_, 2740; _oath of allegiance_, 472 (?); _oath
+of reconciliation of two warring peoples_, 1098, 1108.
+
+āð-sweord, st. n., _the solemn taking of an oath, the swearing of an oath_:
+nom. pl., 2065. See sweord.
+
+āðum-swerian, m. pl., _son-in-law and father-in-law_: dat. pl., 84.
+
+āgan, verb, pret. and pres., _to have, to possess_, w. acc.: III. prs. sg.
+āh, 1728; inf. āgan, 1089; prt. āhte, 487, 522, 533; with object, geweald,
+to be supplied, 31. Form contracted with the negative: prs. sg. I. nāh hwā
+sweord wege (_I have no one to wield the sword_), 2253.
+
+āgen, adj., _own, peculiar_, 2677.
+
+āgend (prs. part. of āgan), _possessor, owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgendes, _of
+God_, 3076.--Compounds: blǣd-, bold-, folc-, mægen-āgend.
+
+āgend-frēa, w. m., _owner, lord_: gen. sg. āgend-frēan, 1884.
+
+āhsian, ge-āhsian, w. v.: 1) _to examine, to find out by inquiring_: pret.
+part. ge-āhsod, 433.--2) _to experience, to endure_: pret. āhsode, 1207;
+pl. āhsodon, 423.
+
+āht, st. n. (contracted from ā-wiht, which see), _something, anything_: āht
+cwices, 2315.
+
+ān, num. The meaning of this word betrays its apparent demonstrative
+character: 1) _this, that_, 2411, of the hall in the earth mentioned
+before; similarly, 100 (of Grendel; already mentioned), cf. also 2775.--2)
+_one_, a particular one among many, a single one, in numerical sense: ymb
+āne niht (_the next night_), 135; þurh ānes cræft, 700; þāra ānum, 1038; ān
+æfter ānum, _one for the other_ (Hrēðel for Herebeald), 2462: similarly, ān
+æfter eallum, 2269; ānes hwæt, _some single thing, a part_, 3011; se ān
+lēoda duguðe, _the one of the heroes of the people_, 2238; ānes willan,
+_for the sake of a single one_, 3078, etc.--Hence, again, 3) _alone,
+distinguished_, 1459, 1886.--4) _a_, in the sense of an indefinite article:
+ān ... fēond, 100; gen. sg. ānre bēne (or to No.2[?]), 428; ān ... draca,
+2211--5) gen. pl. ānra, in connection with a pronoun, _single_; ānra
+gehwylces, _every single one_, 733; ānra gehwylcum, 785. Similarly, the
+dat. pl. in this sense: nemne fēaum ānum, _except a few single ones_,
+1082.--6) solus, _alone_: in the strong form, 1378, 2965; in the weak form,
+145, 425, 431, 889, etc.; with the gen., āna Gēata duguðe, _alone of the
+warriors of the Gēatas_, 2658.--7) solitarius, _alone, lonely_, see
+ǣn.--Comp. nān.
+
+ān-feald, adj., _simple, plain, without reserve_: acc. sg. ānfealdne
+geþōht, _simple opinion_, 256.
+
+ān-genga, -gengea, w. m., _he who goes alone_, of Grendel, 165, 449.
+
+ān-haga, w. m., _he who stands alone_, solitarius, 2369.
+
+ān-hȳdig, adj. (like the O.N. ein-rād-r, _of one resolve_, i.e. of firm
+resolve), _of one opinion_, i.e. firm, brave, decided, 2668.
+
+ānga, adj. (only in the weak form), _single, only_: acc. sg. āngan dōhtor,
+375, 2998; āngan eaferan, 1548; dat. sg. āngan brēðer, 1263.
+
+ān-pæð, st. m., _lonely way, path_: acc. pl. ānpaðas, 1411.
+
+ān-rǣd, adj. (cf. under ān-hȳdig), _of firm resolution, resolved_, 1530,
+1576.
+
+ān-tīd, st. f., _one time_, i.e. the same time, ymb ān-tīd ōðres dōgores,
+_about the same time the second day_ (they sailed twenty-four hours),
+219.--ān stands as in ān-mod, O.H.G. ein-muoti, _harmonious, of the same
+disposition_.
+
+ānunga, adv., _throughout, entirely, wholly_, 635.
+
+ār, st. m., _ambassador, messenger_, 336, 2784.
+
+ār, st. f., 1) _honor, dignity_: ārum healdan, _to hold in honor_, 296;
+similarly, 1100, 1183.--2) _favor, grace, support_: acc. sg. āre, 1273,
+2607; dat. sg. āre, 2379; gen. pl. hwæt ... ārna, 1188.--Comp. worold-ār;
+also written ǣr.
+
+ār-fæst, adj., _honorable, upright_, 1169; of Hunferð (with reference to
+588). See fæst.
+
+ārian, w. v., (_to be gracious_), _to spare_: III. sg. prs. w. dat. nǣnegum
+ārað; of Grendel, 599.
+
+ār-stæf, st. m.,(elementum honoris), _grace, favor_: dat. pl. mid ārstafum,
+317.--_Help, support_: dat. pl. for ār-stafum, _to the assistance_, 382,
+458. See stæf.
+
+āter-tēar, m., _poisonous drop_: dat. pl. īren āter-tēarum fāh (steel which
+is dipped in poison or in poisonous sap of plants), 1460.
+
+Æ
+
+æðele, adj., _noble_: nom. sg., of Bēowulf, 198, 1313; of Bēowulf's father,
+263, where it can be understood as well in a moral as in a genealogical
+sense; the latter prevails decidedly in the gen. sg. æðelan cynnes, 2235.
+
+æðeling, st. m., _nobleman, man of noble descent_, especially the
+appellation of a man of royal birth; so of the kings of the Danes, 3; of
+Scyld, 33; of Hrōðgār, 130; of Sigemund, 889; of Bēowulf, 1226, 1245, 1597,
+1816, 2189, 2343, 2375, 2425, 2716, 3136; perhaps also of Dæghrefn,
+2507;--then, in a broader sense, also denoting other noble-born men:
+Æschere, 1295; Hrōðgār's courtiers, 118, 983; Heremōd's courtiers, 907;
+Hengest's warriors, 1113; Bēowulf's retinue, 1805, 1921, 3172; noble-born
+in general, 2889. --Comp. sib-æðeling.
+
+æðelu, st. n., only in the pl., _noble descent, nobility_, in the sense of
+noble lineage: acc. pl. æðelu, 392; dat. pl. cyning æðelum gōd, _the king,
+of noble birth_, 1871; æðelum dīore, _worthy on account of noble lineage_,
+1950; æðelum (hǣleþum, MS.), 332.--Comp. fæder-æðelu.
+
+æfnan, w. v. w. acc., _to perform, to carry out, to accomplish_: inf.
+ellen-weorc æfnan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1465; pret. unriht æfnde,
+_perpetrated wrong_, 1255.
+
+ge-æfnan, 1) _to carry out, to do, to accomplish_: pret. pl. þæt geæfndon
+swā, _so carried that out_, 538; pret. part. āð wæs geæfned, _the oath was
+sworn_, 1108.--2) _get ready, prepare_: pret. part. geæfned, 3107. See
+efnan.
+
+æfter (comparative of af, Ags. of, which see; hence it expresses the idea
+of _forth, away, from, back_), a) adv., _thereupon, afterwards_, 12, 341,
+1390, 2155.--ic him æfter sceal, _I shall go after them_, 2817; in word
+æfter cwæð, 315, the sense seems to be, _spoke back, having turned_; b)
+prep. w. dat., 1) (temporal) _after_, 119, 128, 187, 825, 1939, etc.; æfter
+beorne, _after the_ (death of) _the hero_, 2261, so 2262; æfter
+māððum-welan, _after_ (obtaining) _the treasure_, 2751.--2) (causal) as
+proceeding from something, denoting result and purpose, hence, _in
+consequence of, conformably to_: æfter rihte, _in accordance with right_,
+1050, 2111; æfter faroðe, _with the current_, 580; so 1321, 1721, 1944,
+2180, etc., æfter heaðo-swāte, _in consequence of the blood of battle_,
+1607; æfter wælnīðe, _in consequence of mortal enmity_, 85; _in accordance
+with, on account of, after, about_: æfter æðelum (hǣleþum, MS.)frægn,
+_asked about the descent_, 332; ne frīn þū æfter sǣlum, _ask not after my
+welfare_, 1323; æfter sincgyfan grēoteð, _weeps for the giver of treasure_,
+1343; him æfter dēorum men dyrne langað, _longs in secret for the dear
+man_, 1880; ān æfter ānum, _one for the other_, 2462, etc.--3) (local),
+_along_: æfter gumcynnum, _throughout the races of men, among men_, 945;
+sōhte bed æfter būrum, _sought a bed among the rooms of the castle_ (the
+castle was fortified, the hall was not), 140; æfter recede wlāt, _looked
+along the hall_, 1573; stone æfter stāne, _smelt along the rocks_, 2289;
+æfter lyfte, _along the air through the air_, 2833; similarly, 996, 1068,
+1317, etc.
+
+æf-þunca, w. m., _anger, chagrin, vexatious affair_: nom., 502.
+
+ge-æhtan, w. v., _to prize, to speak in praise of_: pret. part. geæhted,
+1866.
+
+ge-æhtla, w. m., or ge-æhtle, w. f., _a speaking of with praise, high
+esteem_: gen. sg. hȳ ... wyrðe þinceað eorla geæhtlan, _seem worthy of the
+high esteem of the noble-born_, 369.
+
+æglǣcea. See āglǣcea.
+
+æl-fylce (from æl-, Goth. ali-s, ἄλλος, and fylce, O.N. fylki, collective
+form from folc), st. n., _other folk, hostile army_: dat. pl. wið ælfylcum,
+2372.
+
+æl-mihtig (for eal-m.), adj., _almighty_: nom. sg. m., of the weak form, se
+æl-mihtiga, 92.
+
+æl-wiht, st. m., _being of another species, monster_: gen. pl. æl-wihta
+eard, of the dwelling-place of Grendel's kindred, 1501.
+
+æppel-fealu, adj., _dappled sorrel_, or _apple-yellow_: nom. pl.
+æppel-fealuwe mēaras, _apple-yellow steeds_, 2166.
+
+ærn, st. n., _house_, in the compounds heal-, hord-, medo-, þrȳð-,
+win-ærn.
+
+æsc, st. m., _ash_ (does not occur in Bēowulf in this sense), _lance,
+spear_, because the shaft consists of ash wood: dat. pl. (quā instr.) æscum
+and ecgum, _with spears and swords_, 1773.
+
+æsc-holt, st. n., _ash wood, ashen shaft_: nom. pl. æsc-holt ufan grǣg,
+_the ashen shafts gray above_ (spears with iron points), 330.
+
+æsc-wiga, w. m., _spear-fighter, warrior armed with the spear_: nom. sg.,
+2043.
+
+æt, prep. w. dat., with the fundamental meaning of nearness to something,
+hence 1) local, a) _with, near, at, on, in_ (rest): æt hȳðe, in _harbor_,
+32; æt symle, _at the meal_, 81, æt āde, _on the funeral-pile_, 1111, 1115;
+æt þē ānum, _with thee alone_, 1378; æt wīge, _in the fight_, 1338; æt
+hilde, 1660, 2682; æt ǣte, _in eating_, 3027, etc. b) _to, towards, at, on_
+(motion to): dēaðes wylm hrān æt heortan, _seized upon the heart_, 2271;
+gehēton æt hærgtrafum, _vowed at_ (or _to_) _the temples of the gods_, 175.
+c) with verbs of taking away, _away from_ (as starting from near an
+object): geþeah þæt ful æt Wealhþēon, _took the cup from W_., 630; fela ic
+gebād grynna æt Grendle, _from Grendel_, 931; æt mīnum fæder genam, _took
+me from my father to himself_, 2430.--2) temporal, _at, in, at the time
+of_: æt frumsceafte, _in the beginning_, 45; æt ende, _at an end_, 224;
+fand sīnne dryhten ealdres æt ende, _at the end of life, dying_, 2791;
+similarly, 2823; æt feohgyftum, _in giving gifts_, 1090; æt sīðestan,
+_finally_, 3014.
+
+æt-grǣpe, adj., _laying hold of_, prehendens, 1270.
+
+æt-rihte, adv., _almost_, 1658.
+
+Ǣ
+
+ǣdre, ēdre, st. f., _aqueduct, canal_ (not in Bēow.), _vein_ (not in
+Bēow.), _stream, violent pouring forth_: dat. pl. swāt ǣdrum sprong, _the
+blood sprang in streams_, 2967; blōd ēdrum dranc, _drank the blood in
+streams_(?), 743.
+
+ǣdre, adv., _hastily, directly, immediately_, 77, 354, 3107.
+
+ǣðm, st. m., _breath, gasp, snort_: instr. sg. hreðer ǣðme wēoll, _the
+breast_ (of the drake) _heaved with snorting_, 2594.
+
+ǣfen, st. m., _evening_, 1236.
+
+ǣfen-gram, adj., _hostile at evening, night-enemy_: nom. sg. m. ǣfen-grom,
+of Grendel, 2075.
+
+ǣfen-lēoht, st. n., _evening-light_: nom. sg., 413.
+
+ǣfen-ræst, st. f., _evening-rest_: acc. sg. -ræste, 647, 1253.
+
+ǣfen-sprǣc, st. f., _evening-talk_: acc. sg. gemunde ...ǣfen-sprǣce,
+_thought about what he had spoken in the evening_, 760.
+
+ǣfre, adv., _ever, at any time_, 70, 280, 504, 693, etc.: in negative
+sentences, ǣfre ne, _never_, 2601.--Comp. nǣfre.
+
+ǣg-hwā (O.H.G. ēo-ga-hwër), pron., _every, each_: dat. sg. ǣghwǣm, 1385.
+The gen. sg. in adverbial sense, _in all, throughout, thoroughly_: ǣghwæs
+untǣle, _thoroughly blameless_, 1866; ǣghwæs unrīm, _entirely innumerable
+quantity_, i.e. an enormous multitude, 2625, 3136.
+
+ǣg-hwæðer (O.H.G. ēo-ga-hwëdar): 1) _each_ (of two): nom. sg. hæfde
+ǣghwæðer ende gefēred, _each of the two_ (Bēowulf and the drake) _had
+reached the end_, 2845; dat. sg. ǣghwæðrum wæs brōga fram ōðrum, _to each
+of the two_ (Bēowulf and the drake) _was fear of the other_, 2565; gen. sg.
+ǣghwæðres ... worda and worca, 287.--2) _each_ (of several): dat. sg. heora
+ǣghwæðrum, 1637.
+
+ǣg-hwǣr, adv., _everywhere_, 1060.
+
+ǣg-hwilc (O.H.G. ēo-gi-hwëlih), pron., unusquisque, _every_ (one): 1) used
+as an adj.: acc. sg. m. dǣl ǣghwylcne, 622.--2) as substantive, a) with the
+partitive genitive: nom. sg. ǣg-hwylc, 9, 2888; dat. sg. ǣghwylcum, 1051.
+b) without gen.: nom. sg. ǣghwylc, 985, 988; (wæs) ǣghwylc ōðrum trȳwe,
+_each one_ (of two) _true to the other_, 1166.
+
+ǣg-weard, st. f., _watch on the sea shore_: acc. sg. ǣg-wearde, 241.
+
+ǣht (abstract form from āgan, denoting the state of possessing), st. f.: 1)
+_possession, power_: acc. sg. on flōdes ǣht, 42; on wæteres ǣht, _into the
+power of the water_, 516; on ǣht gehwearf Denigea frēan, _passed over into
+the possession of a Danish master_, 1680.--2) _property, possessions,
+goods_: acc. pl. ǣhte, 2249.--Comp. māðm-, gold-ǣht.
+
+ǣht (O.H.G. āhta), st. f., _pursuit_: nom. þā wæs ǣht boden Swēona lēodum,
+segn Higelāce, _then was pursuit offered to the people of the Swēonas,
+(their) banner to Hygelāc_ (i.e. the banner of the Swedes, taken during
+their flight, fell into the hands of Hygelāc), 2958.
+
+ǣled (Old Sax. eld, O.N. edl-r), st. m., _fire_, 3016.
+
+ǣled-lēoma, w. m., _(fire-light), torch_: acc. sg. lēoman, 3126. See lēoma.
+
+ǣn (oblique form of ān), num., _one_: acc. sg. m. þone ǣnne þone..., _the
+one whom_..., 1054; oftor micle þonne on ǣnne sīð, _much oftener than one
+time_, 1580; forð onsendon ǣnne, _sent him forth alone_, 46.
+
+ǣne, adv., _once_: oft nalles ǣne, 3020.
+
+ǣnig, pron., _one, any one_, 474, 503, 510, 534, etc.: instr. sg. nolde ...
+0nige þinga, _would in no way, not at all_, 792; lȳt ǣnig mearn, _little
+did any one sorrow_ (i.e. no one), 3130.--With the article: næs se
+folccyning ... ǣnig, _no people's king_, 2735.--Comp. nǣnig.
+
+ǣn-līc, adj., _alone, excellent, distinguished_: ǣnlīc ansȳn,
+_distinguished appearance_, 251; þēah þe hīo ǣnlīcu sȳ, _though she be
+beautiful_, 1942.
+
+ǣr (comparative form, from ā): 1) adv., _sooner, before, beforehand_, 15,
+656, 695, 758, etc., _for a long time_, 2596; eft swā ǣr, _again as
+formerly_, 643; ǣr nē siððan, _neither sooner nor later_, 719; ǣr and sīð,
+_sooner and later_ (all times), 2501; nō þȳ ǣr (_not so much the sooner_),
+_yet not_, 755, 1503, 2082, 2161, 2467.--2) conjunct., _before, ere_: a)
+with the ind.: ǣr hīo tō setle gēong, 2020. b) w. subjunc.: ǣr gē fyr
+fēran, _before you travel farther_, 252; ǣr hē on hwurfe 164, so 677, 2819;
+ǣr þon dæg cwōme, _ere the day break_, 732; ǣr correlative to ǣr adv.: ǣr
+hē feorh seleð, aldor an ōfre, ǣr hē wille ..., _he will sooner_ (rather)
+_leave his life upon the shore, before_ (than) _he will_ ..., 1372.--3)
+prepos. with dat., _before_ ǣr dēaðe, _before death_, 1389; ǣr dæges hwīle,
+_before daybreak_, 2321; ǣr swylt-dæge, _before the day of death_, 2799.
+
+ǣror, comp. adv., _sooner, before-hand_, 810; _formerly_, 2655.
+
+ǣrra, comp. adj., _earlier_; instr. pl., ǣrran mǣlum, _in former times_,
+908, 2238, 3036.
+
+ǣrest, superl.: 1) adv., _first of all, foremost_, 6, 617, 1698, etc.--2)
+as subst. n., _relation to, the beginning_: acc. þæt ic his ǣrest þē eft
+gesægde (_to tell thee in what relation it stood at first to the coat of
+mail that has been presented_), 2158. See Note.
+
+ǣr-dæg, st. m. (_before-day_), _morning-twilight, gray of morning_: dat.
+sg. mid ǣrdæge, 126; samod ǣrdæge, 1312, 2943.
+
+ǣrende, st. n., _errand, trust_: acc. sg., 270, 345.
+
+ǣr-fæder, st. m., _late father, deceased father_: nom sg. swā his ǣrfæder,
+2623.
+
+ǣr-gestrēon, st. n., _old treasure, possessions dating from old times_: acc
+sg., 1758; gen. sg. swylcra fela ǣrgestrēona, _much of such old treasure_,
+2233. See gestrēon.
+
+ǣr-geweorc, st. n., _work dating from old times_: nom. sg. enta ǣr-geweorc,
+_the old work of the giants_ (of the golden sword-hilt from Grendel's
+water-hall), 1680. See geweorc.
+
+ǣr-gōd, adj., _good since old times, long invested with dignity_ or
+_advantages_: æðeling ǣrgōd, 130; (eorl) ǣrgōd, 1330; īren ǣrgōd
+(_excellent sword_), 990, 2587.
+
+ǣr-wela, w. m., _old possessions, riches dating from old times_: acc. sg.
+ǣrwelan, 2748. See wela.
+
+ǣs, st. n., _carcass, carrion_: dat. (instr.) sg. ǣse, of Æschere's corpse,
+1333.
+
+ǣt, st. m., _food, meat_: dat, sg., hū him æt ǣte spēow, _how he fared well
+at meat_, 3027.
+
+ǣttren (see attor), adj., _poisonous_: wæs þæt blōd tō þæs hāt, ǣttren
+ellorgāst, se ǣr inne swealt, _so hot was the blood, (and) poisonous the
+demon_ (Grendel's mother) _who died therein_, 1618
+
+B
+
+bana, bona, w. m., _murderer_, 158, 588, 1103, etc.: acc. sg. bonan
+Ongenþēowes, of Hygelāc, although in reality his men slew Ongenþēow (2965
+ff.), 1969. Figuratively of inanimate objects: ne wæs ecg bona, 2507; wearð
+wracu Wēohstānes bana, 2614.--Comp.: ecg-, feorh-, gāst-, hand-, mūð-bana.
+
+bon-gār, st. m. _murdering spear_, 2032.
+
+ge-bannan, st. v. w. acc. of the thing and dat. of the person, _to command,
+to bid_: inf., 74.
+
+bād, st. f., _pledge_, only in comp.: nȳd-bād.
+
+bān, st. n., _bone_: dat. sg. on bāne (on the bony skin of the drake),
+2579; dat. pl. heals ealne ymbefēng biteran bānum (here of the teeth of the
+drake), 2693.
+
+bān-cofa, w. m., "cubile ossium" (Grimm) of the body: dat. sg. -cofan,
+1446.
+
+bān-fāg, adj., _variegated with bones_, either with ornaments made of
+bone-work, or adorned with bone, perhaps deer-antlers; of Hrōðgār's hall,
+781. The last meaning seems the more probable.
+
+bān-fæt, st. n., _bone-vessel_, i.e. the body: acc. pl. bān-fatu, 1117.
+
+bān-hring, st. m., _the bone-structure, joint, bone-joint_: acc. pl. hire
+wið halse ... bānhringas bræc (_broke her neck-joint_), 1568.
+
+bān-hūs, st. n., _bone-house_, i.e. the body: acc. sg. bānhūs gebræc, 2509;
+similarly, 3148.
+
+bān-loca, w. m., _the enclosure of the bones_, i.e. the body: acc. sg. bāt
+bānlocan, _bit the body_, 743; nom. pl. burston bānlocan, _the body burst_
+(of Grendel, because his arm was torn out), 819.
+
+bāt, st. m., _boat, craft, ship_, 211.--Comp. sǣ-bāt.
+
+bāt-weard, st. m., _boat-watcher, he who keeps watch over the craft._ dat.
+sg. -wearde, 1901.
+
+bæð, st. n., _bath_: acc. sg. ofer ganotes bæð, _over the diver's bath_
+(i.e. the sea), 1862.
+
+bærnan, w. v., _to cause to burn, to burn_: inf. hēt ... bānfatu bærnan,
+_bade that the bodies be burned_, 1117; ongan ... beorht hofu bærnan,
+_began to consume the splendid country-seats_ (the dragon), 2314.
+
+for-bærnan, w. v., _consume with fire_: inf. hȳ hine ne mōston ...
+brondefor-bærnan, _they_ (the Danes) _could not burn him_ (the dead
+Æschere) _upon the funeral-pile_, 2127.
+
+bǣdan (Goth, baidjan, O.N. beðia), _to incite, to encourage_: pret. bǣdde
+byre geonge, _encouraged the youths_ (at the banquet), 2019.
+
+ge-bǣdan, w. v., _to press hard_: pret. part. bysigum gebǣded, _distressed
+by trouble, difficulty, danger_ (of battle), 2581; _to drive, to send
+forth_: strǣla storm strengum gebǣded, _the storm of arrows sent with
+strength_, 3118; _overcome_: draca ... bealwe gebǣded, _the dragon ...
+overcome by the ills of battle_, 2827.
+
+bǣl (O.N. bāl), st. n., _fire, flames_: (wyrm) mid bǣle fōr, _passed
+(through the air) with fire_, 2309; hæfde landwara līge befangan, bǣle and
+bronde, _with fire and burning_, 2323.--Especially, _the fire of the
+funeral-pile, the funeral-pile_, 1110, 1117, 2127; ǣr hē bǣl cure, _ere he
+sought the burning_ (i.e. died), 2819; hātað ... hlǣw gewyrcean ... æfter
+bǣle, _after I am burned, let a burial mound be thrown up_ (Bēowulf's
+words), 2804.
+
+bǣl-fȳr, st. n., _bale-fire, fire of the funeral-pile_: gen. pl. bǣlfȳra
+mǣst, 3144.
+
+bǣl-stede, st. m., _place for the funeral-pile_: dat. sg. in bǣl=stede,
+3098.
+
+bǣl-wudu, st. m., _wood for the funeral-pile_, 3113.
+
+bǣr, st. f., _bier_, 3106.
+
+ge-bǣran, w. v., _to conduct one's self, behave_: inf. w. adv., ne gefrægen
+ic þā mǣgðe ... sēl gebǣran, _I did not hear that a troop bore itself
+better, maintained a nobler deportment_, 1013; hē on eorðan geseah þone
+lēofestan līfes æt ende blēate gebǣran, _saw the best-beloved upon the
+earth, at the end of his life, struggling miserably_ (i.e. in a helpless
+situation), 2825.
+
+ge-bǣtan (denominative from bǣte, _the bit_), w. v., _to place the bit in
+the mouth of an animal, to bridle_: pret. part. þā wæs Hrōðgāre hors
+gebǣted, 1400.
+
+be, prep. w. dat. (with the fundamental meaning _near_, "but not of one
+direction, as æt, but more general"): 1) local, _near by, near, at, on_
+(rest): be ȳdlāfe uppe lǣgon, _lay above, upon the deposit of the waves_
+(upon the strand, of the slain nixies), 566; hæfde be honda, _held by the
+hand_ (Bēowulf held Grendel), 815; be sǣm tweonum, _in the circuit of both
+the seas_, 859, 1686; be mæste, _on the mast_, 1906; by fȳre, _by the
+fire_, 2220; be næsse, _at the promontory_, 2244; sæt be þǣm gebrōðrum
+twǣm, _sat by the two brothers_, 1192; wæs se gryre lǣssa efne swā micle
+swā bið mægða cræft be wǣpnedmen, _the terror was just so much less, as is
+the strength of woman to the warrior_ (i.e. is valued by), 1285, etc.--2)
+also local, but of motion from the subject in the direction of the object,
+_on, upon, by_: gefēng be eaxle, _seized by the shoulder_, 1538; ālēdon
+lēofne þēoden be mæste, _laid the dear lord near the mast_, 36; be healse
+genam, _took him by the neck, fell upon his neck_, 1873; wǣpen hafenade be
+hiltum, _grasped the weapon by the hilt_, 1757, etc.--3) with this is
+connected the causal force, _on account of, for, according to_: ic þis gid
+be þē āwræc, _I spake this solemn speech for thee, for thy sake_, 1724; þū
+þē lǣr be þon, _learn according to this, from this_, 1723; be fæder lāre,
+_according to her father's direction_, 1951.--4) temporal, _while, during_:
+be þē lifigendum, _while thou livest, during thy life_, 2666. See bī.
+
+bed, st. n., _bed, couch_: acc. sg. bed, 140, 677; gen. sg. beddes, 1792;
+dat. pl. beddum, 1241.--Comp: deað-, hlin-, læger-, morðor-, wæl-bed.
+
+ge-bedde, w. f., _bed-fellow_: dat. sg. wolde sēcan ewēn tō gebeddan,
+_wished to seek the queen as bed-fellow, to go to bed with her_,
+666.--Comp. heals-gebedde.
+
+bēgen, fem. bā, _both_: nom. m., 536, 770, 2708; acc. fem. on bā healfa,
+_on two sides_ (i.e. Grendel and his mother), 1306; dat. m. bām, 2197; and
+in connection with the possessive instead of the personal pronoun, ūrum
+bām, 2661; gen. n. bēga, 1874, 2896; bēga gehwæðres, _each one of the two_,
+1044; bēga folces, of _both peoples_, 1125.
+
+ge-belgan, st. v. (properly, _to cause to swell, to swell_), _to irritate_:
+w. dat. (pret. subj.) þæt hē ēcean dryhtne bitre gebulge, _that he had
+bitterly angered the eternal Lord_, 2332; pret. part. gebolgen, 1540;
+(gebolge, MS.), 2222; pl. gebolgne, 1432; more according to the original
+meaning in torne gebolgen, 2402.
+
+ā-belgan, _to anger_: pret. sg. w. acc. oð þæt hyne ān ābealh mon on mōde,
+_till a man angered him in his heart_, 2281; pret. part. ābolgen, 724.
+
+ben, st. f., _wound_: acc. sg. benne, 2725.--Comp.: feorh-, seax-ben.
+
+benc, st. f., _bench_: nom. sg. benc, 492; dat. sg. bence, 327, 1014, 1189,
+1244.--Comp.: ealu-, medu-benc.
+
+benc-swēg, st. m., (_bench-rejoicing_), _rejoicing which resounds from the
+benches_, 1162.
+
+benc-þel, st. n., _bench-board, the wainscotted space where the benches
+stand_: nom. pl. benc-þelu, 486; acc. pl. bencþelu beredon, _cleared the
+bench-boards_ (i.e. by taking away the benches, so as to prepare couches),
+1240.
+
+bend, st. m. f., _bond, fetter_: acc. sg. forstes bend, _frost's bond_,
+1610; dat. pl. bendum, 978.--Comp.: fȳr-, hell-, hyge-, īren-, oncer-,
+searo-, wæl-bend.
+
+ben-geat, st. n., (_wound-gate_), _wound-opening_: nom. pl. ben-geato,
+1122.
+
+bera (O.N. beri), w. m., _bearer_: in comp. hleor-bera.
+
+beran, st. v. w. acc., _to carry_; III. sg. pres. byreð, 296, 448; þone
+māððum byreð, _carries the treasure_ (upon his person), 2056; pres. subj.
+bere, 437; pl. beren, 2654; inf. beran, 48, 231, 291, etc.; heht þā se
+hearda Hrunting beran, _to bring Hrunting_, 1808; up beran, 1921; in beran,
+2153; pret. bær, 495, 712, 847, etc.; mandryhtne bær fǣted wǣge, _brought
+the lord the costly vessel_, 2282; pl. bǣron, 213, 1636, etc.; bǣran, 2851;
+pret. part. boren, 1193, 1648, 3136.--The following expressions are poetic
+paraphrases of the forms _go, come_: þæt wē rondas beren eft tō earde,
+2654; gewītað forð beran wǣpen and gewǣdu, 291; ic gefrægn sunu Wīhstānes
+hringnet beran, 2755; wīgheafolan bær, 2662; helmas bǣron, 240
+(conjecture); scyldas bǣran, 2851: they lay stress upon the connection of
+the man with his weapons.
+
+æt-beran, _to carry to_: inf. tō beadulāce (_battle_) ætberan, 1562; pret.
+þā hine on morgentīd on Heaðorǣmas holm up ætbær, _the sea bore him up to
+the Heaðorǣmas_, 519; hīo Bēowulfe medoful ætbær _brought Bēowulf the
+mead-cup_, 625; mægenbyrðenne ... hider ūt ætbær cyninge mīnum, _bore the
+great burden hither to my king_, 3093; pl. hī hyne ætbǣron tō brimes
+faroðe, 28.--2) _bear away_: æt līc ætbær, 2128.
+
+for-beran, _to hold, to suppress_: inf. þæt hē þone brēostwylm forberan ne
+mehte, _that he could not suppress the emotions of his breast_, 1878.
+
+ge-beran, _to bring forth, to bear_: pret. part. þæt lā mæg secgan sē þe
+sōð and riht fremeð on folce ... þæt þes eorl wǣre geboren betera (_that
+may every just man of the people say, that this nobleman is better born_),
+1704.
+
+oð-beran, _to bring hither_: pret. þā mec sǣ oðbær on Finna land, 579.
+
+on-beran (O.H.G. in bëran, intpëran, but in the sense of carere), auferre,
+_to carry off, to take away_: inf. īren ǣrgōd þæt þæs āhlǣcan blōdge
+beadufolme onberan wolde, _excellent sword which would sweep off the bloody
+hand of the demon_, 991; pret. part. (wæs) onboren bēaga hord, _the
+treasure of the rings had been carried off_, 2285.--Compounds with the
+pres. part.: helm-, sāwl-berend.
+
+berian (denominative from bær, _naked_), w. v., _to make bare, to clear_:
+pret. pl. bencþelu beredon, _cleared the bench-place_ (by removing the
+benches), 1240.
+
+berstan, st. v., _to break, to burst_: pret. pl. burston bānlocan, 819;
+bengeato burston, 1122.--_to crack, to make the noise of breaking_: fingras
+burston, _the fingers cracked_ (from Bēowulf's gripe), 761.
+
+for-berstan, _break, to fly asunder_: pret. Nægling forbærst, _Nægling_
+(Bēowulf's sword) _broke in two_, 2681.
+
+betera, adj. (comp.), _better_: nom. sg. m. betera, 469, 1704.
+
+bet-līc, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. n., of Hrōðgār's hall, 781;
+of Hygelāc's residence, 1926.
+
+betst, betost (superl.), _best, the best_: nom. sg. m. betst beadurinca,
+1110; neut. nū is ofost betost, þæt wē ..., _now is haste the best, that
+we..._, 3008; voc. m. secg betsta, 948; neut. acc. beaduscrūda betst, 453;
+acc. sg. m. þegn betstan, 1872.
+
+bēcn, st. n., _(beacon), token, mark, sign_: acc. sg. betimbredon
+beadu-rōfes bēcn (of Bēowulf's grave-mound), 3162. See beacen.
+
+bēg. See bēag.
+
+bēn, st. f., _entreaty_: gen. sg. bēne, 428, 2285.
+
+bēna, w. m., _suppliant_, supplex: nom. sg. swā þū bēna eart (_as thou
+entreatest_), 352; swā hē bēna wæs (_as he had asked_), 3141; nom. pl. hȳ
+bēnan synt, 364.
+
+ge-betan: 1) _to make good, to remove_: pret. ac þū Hrōðgāre wīdcūðne wēan
+wihte gebēttest, _hast thou in any way relieved Hrōðgār of the evil known
+afar_, 1992; pret. part. acc. sg. swylce oncȳððe ealle gebētte, _removed
+all trouble_, 831. --2) _to avenge_: inf. wihte ne meahte on þām feorhbonan
+fǣhðe gebētan, _could in no way avenge the death upon the slayer_, 2466.
+
+beadu, st. f., _battle, strife, combat_: dat. sg. (as instr.) beadwe, _in
+combat_, 1540; gen. pl. bād beadwa ge-þinges, _waited for the combats_
+(with Grendel) _that were in store for him_, 710.
+
+beadu-folm, st. f., _battle-hand_: acc. sg. -folme, of Grendel's hand, 991.
+
+beado-grīma, w. m., _(battle-mask), helmet_: acc. pl. -grīman, 2258.
+
+beado-hrægl, st. n., _(battle-garment), corselet, shirt of mail_, 552.
+
+beadu-lāc, st. n., (_exercise in arms, tilting_), _combat, battle_: dat.
+sg. tō beadu-lāce, 1562.
+
+beado-lēoma, w. m., (_battle-light_), _sword_: nom. sg., 1524.
+
+beado-mēce, st. m., _battle-sword_: nom. pl. beado-mēcas, 1455.
+
+beado-rinc, st. m., _battle-hero, warrior_: gen. pl. betst beadorinca,
+1110.
+
+beadu-rōf, adj., _strong in battle_: gen. sg. -rōfes, of Bēowulf, 3162.
+
+beadu-rūn, st. f., _mystery of battle_: acc. sg. onband beadu-rūne, _solved
+the mystery of the combat_, i.e. gave battle, commenced the fight, 501.
+
+beadu-scearp, adj., _battle-sharp, sharp for the battle_, 2705.
+
+beadu-scrūd, st. n., (_battle-dress_), _corselet, shirt of mail_: gen. pl.
+beaduscrūda betst, 453.
+
+beadu-serce, w. f., (_battle-garment_), _corselet, shirt of mail_: acc. sg.
+brogdne beadu-sercean (because it consists of interlaced metal rings),
+2756.
+
+beado-weorc, st. n., (_battle-work_), _battle_: gen. sg. gefeh
+beado-weorces, _rejoiced at the battle_, 2300.
+
+beald, adj., _bold, brave_: in comp. cyning-beald.
+
+bealdian, w. v., _to show one's self brave_: pret. bealdode gōdum dǣdum
+(_through brave deeds_), 2178.
+
+bealdor, st. m., _lord, prince_: nom. sg. sinca baldor, 2429; winia
+bealdor, 2568.
+
+bealu, st. n., _evil, ruin, destruction_: instr. sg. bealwe, 2827; gen. pl.
+bealuwa, 281; bealewa, 2083; bealwa, 910.--Comp.: cwealm-, ealdor-,
+hreðer-, lēod-, morðor-, niht-, sweord-, wīg-bealu.
+
+bealu, adj., _deadly, dangerous, bad_: instr. sg. hyne sār hafað befongen
+balwon bendum, _pain has entwined him in deadly bands_, 978.
+
+bealo-cwealm, st. m., _violent death, death by the sword_(?), 2266.
+
+bealo-hycgende, pres. part., _thinking of death, meditating destruction_:
+gen. pl. ǣghwæðrum bealo-hycgendra, 2566.
+
+bealo-hȳdig, adj., _thinking of death, meditating destruction_: of
+Grendel, 724.
+
+bealo-nīð, st. m., (_zeal for destruction_), _deadly enmity_: nom. sg.,
+2405; _destructive struggle_: acc. sg. bebeorh þē þone bealonīð, _beware of
+destructive striving_, 1759; _death-bringing rage_: nom. sg. him on
+brēostum bealo-nīð wēoll, _in his breast raged deadly fury_ (of the
+dragon's poison), 2715.
+
+bearhtm (see beorht): 1) st. m., _splendor, brightness, clearness_: nom.
+sg. ēagena bearhtm, 1767.--2) _sound, tone_: acc. sg. bearhtm ongeāton,
+gūðhorn galan, _they heard the sound, (heard) the battle-horn sound_, 1432.
+
+bearm, m., gremium, sinus, _lap, bosom_: nom. sg. foldan bearm, 1138; acc.
+sg. on bearm scipes, 35, 897; on bearm nacan, 214; him on bearm hladan
+bunan and discas, 2776.--2) figuratively, _possession, property_, because
+things bestowed were placed in the lap of the receiver (1145 and 2195, on
+bearm licgan, ālecgan); dat. sg. him tō bearme cwōm māððumfæt mǣre, _came
+into his possession_, 2405.
+
+bearn, st. n., 1) _child, son_: nom. sg. bearn Healfdenes, 469, etc.;
+Ecglāfes bearn, 499, etc.; dat. sg. bearne, 2371; nom. pl. bearn, 59; dat.
+pl. bearnum, 1075.--2) in a broader sense, _scion, offspring, descendant_:
+nom. sg. Ongenþēow's bearn, of his grandson, 2388; nom. pl. yldo. bearn,
+70; gumena bearn, _children of men_, 879; hæleða bearn, 1190; æðelinga
+bearn, 3172; acc. pl. ofer ylda bearn, 606; dat. pl. ylda bearnum, 150;
+gen. pl. niðða bearna, 1006.--Comp.: brōðor-, dryht-bearn.
+
+bearn-gebyrdu, f., _birth, birth of a son_: gen. sg. þæt hyre ealdmetod
+ēste wǣre bearn-gebyrdo, _has been gracious through the birth of such a
+son_ (i.e. as Bēowulf), 947.
+
+bearu, st. m., (_the bearer_, hence properly only the fruit-tree,
+especially the oak and the beech), _tree_, collectively _forest_: nom. pl.
+hrīmge bearwas, _rime-covered_ or _ice-clad_, 1364.
+
+bēacen, st. n., _sign, banner_, vexillum: nom. sg. beorht bēacen godes, _of
+the sun_, 570; gen. pl. bēacna beorhtost, 2778. See bēcn.
+
+ge-bēacnian, w. v., _to mark, to indicate_: pret. part. ge-bēacnod, 140.
+
+bēag, st. m., _ring, ornament_: nom. sg. bēah (_neck-ring_), 1212; acc. sg.
+bēah (the collar of the murdered king of the Heaðobeardnas), 2042; bēg
+(collective for the acc. pl.), 3165; dat. sg. cwōm Wealhþēo forð gān under
+gyldnum bēage, _she walked along under a golden head-ring, wore a golden
+diadem_, 1164; gen. sg. bēages (of a collar), 1217; acc. pl. bēagas (rings
+in general), 80, 523, etc.; gen. pl. bēaga, 35, 352, 1488, 2285, etc.--
+Comp.: earm-, heals-bēag.
+
+bēag-gyfa, w. m., _ring-giver_, designation of the prince: gen. sg. -gyfan,
+1103.
+
+bēag-hroden, adj., _adorned with rings, ornamented with clasps_: nom. sg.
+bēaghroden, cwēn, of Hrōðgār's consort, perhaps with reference to her
+diadem (cf. 1164, 624.
+
+bēah-hord, st. m. n., _ring-hoard, treasure consisting of rings_: gen. sg.
+bēah-hordes, 895; dat. pl. bēah-hordum, 2827; gen. pl. bēah-horda weard, of
+King Hrōðgār, 922.
+
+bēah-sele, st. m., _ring-hall, hall in which the rings were distributed_:
+nom. sg., of Heorot, 1178.
+
+bēah-þegu, st. f., _the receiving of the ring_: dat. sg. æfter bēah-þege,
+2177.
+
+bēah-wriða, w. m. _ring-band_, ring with prominence given to its having the
+form of a band: acc. sg. bēah-wriðan, 2019.
+
+bēam, st. m., _tree_, only in the compounds fyrgen-, glēo-bēam.
+
+bēatan, st. v., _thrust, strike_: pres. sg. mearh burhstede bēateð, _the
+steed beats the castle-ground_ (place where the castle is built), i.e. with
+his hoofs, 2266; pret. part. swealt bille ge-bēaten, _died, struck by the
+battle-axe_, 2360.
+
+beorh, st. m.: 1) _mountain, rock_: dat. sg. beorge, 211; gen. sg. beorges,
+2525, 2756; acc. pl. beorgas, 222.--2) _grave-mound, tomb-hill_: acc. sg.
+biorh, 2808; beorh, 3098, 3165. A grave-mound serves the drake as a retreat
+(cf. 2277, 2412): nom. sg. beorh, 2242; gen. sg. beorges, 2323.--Comp.
+stān-beorh.
+
+beorh, st. f., _veil, covering, cap_; only in the comp. hēafod-beorh.
+
+beorgan, st. v. (w. dat. of the interested person or thing), _to save, to
+shield_: inf. wolde fēore beorgan, _place her life in safety_, 1294;
+here-byrne ... sēo þe bāncofan beorgan cūðe, _which could protect his
+body_, 1446; pret. pl. ealdre burgan, 2600.
+
+be-beorgan (w. dat. refl. of pers. and acc. of the thing), _to take care,
+to defend one's self from_: inf. him be-beorgan ne con wom, _cannot keep
+himself from stain_ (fault), 1747; imp. bebeorh þē þone bealontð, 1759.
+
+ge-beorgan (w, dat. of person or thing to be saved), _to save, to protect_:
+pret. sg. þæt gebearh fēore, _protected the life_, 1549; scyld wēl gebearg
+līfe and līce, 2571.
+
+ymb-beorgan, _to surround protectingly_: pret. sg. bring ūtan ymb-bearh,
+1504.
+
+beorht, byrht, adj.: 1) _gleaming, shining, radiant, shimmering_: nom. sg.
+beorht, of the sun, 570, 1803; beorhta, of Heorot, 1178; þæt beorhte bold,
+998; acc. sg. beorhtne, of Bēowulf's grave-mound, 2804; dat. sg. tō þǣre
+byrhtan (here-byrhtan, MS.) byrig, 1200; acc. pl. beorhte frætwe, 214, 897;
+beorhte randas, 231; bordwudu beorhtan, 1244; n. beorht hofu, 2314.
+Superl.: bēacna beorhtost, 2778. --2) _excellent, remarkable_: gen. sg.
+beorhtre bōte, 158. --Comp.: sadol-, wlite-beorht.
+
+beorhte, adv., _brilliantly, brightly, radiantly_, 1518.
+
+beorhtian, w. v., _to sound clearly_: pret. sg. beorhtode benc-swēg, 1162.
+
+beorn, st. m., _hero, warrior, noble man_: nom. sg. (Hrōðgār), 1881,
+(Bēowulf), 2434, etc.; acc. sg. (Bēow.), 1025, (Æschere), 1300; dat. sg.
+beorne, 2261; nom. pl. beornas (Bēowulf and his companions), 211,
+(Hrōðgār's guests), 857; gen. pl. biorna (Bēowulf's liege-men),
+2405.--Comp.: folc-, gūð-beorn.
+
+beornan, st. v., _to burn_: pres. part. byrnende (of the drake),
+2273.--Comp. un-byrnende.
+
+for-beornan, _to be consumed, to burn_: pret. sg. for-barn, 1617, 1668;
+for-born, 2673.
+
+ge-beornan, _to be burned_: pret. gebarn, 2698.
+
+beorn-cyning, st. m., _king of warriors, king of heroes_: nom. sg. (as
+voc.), 2149.
+
+bēodan, st. v.: 1) _to announce, to inform, to make known_: inf. bīodan,
+2893.--2) _to offer, to proffer_ (as the notifying of a transaction in
+direct reference to the person concerned in it): pret. pl. him geþingo
+budon, _offered them an agreement_, 1086; pret. part. þā wæs ǣht boden
+Swēona lēodum, _then was pursuit offered the Swedish people_, 2958; inf. ic
+þǣm gōdan sceal māðmas bēodan, _I shall offer the excellent man treasures_,
+385.
+
+ā-bēodan, _to present, to announce_: pret. word inne ābēad, _made known the
+words within_, 390; _to offer, to tender, to wish_: pret. him hǣl ābēad,
+_wished him health_ (greeted him), 654. Similarly, hǣlo ābēad, 2419; eoton
+weard ābēad, _offered the giant a watcher_, 669.
+
+be-bēodan, _to command, to order_: pret. swā him se hearda bebēad, _as the
+strong man commanded them_, 401. Similarly, swā se rīca bebēad, 1976.
+
+ge-bēodan: 1) _to command, to order_: inf. hēt þā gebēodan byre Wīhstānes
+hæleða monegum, þæt hīe..., _the son of Wihstan caused orders to be given
+to many of the men..._, 3111.--2) _to offer_: him Hygd gebēad hord and
+rīce, _offered him the treasure and the chief power_, 2370; inf. gūðe
+gebēodan, _to offer battle_, 604.
+
+bēod-genēat, st. m., _table-companion_: nom. and acc. pl. genēatas, 343,
+1714.
+
+bēon, verb, _to be_, generally in the future sense, _will be_: pres. sg. I.
+gūðgeweorca ic bēo gearo sōna, _I shall immediately be ready for warlike
+deeds_, 1826; sg. III. wā bið þǣm þe sceal..., _woe to him who_...! 183;
+so, 186; gifeðe bið is given, 299; ne bið þē wilna gād (_no wish will be
+denied thee_), 661; þǣr þē bið manna þearf, _if thou shalt need the
+warriors_, 1836; ne bið swylc cwēnlīc þēaw, _is not becoming, honorable to
+a woman_, 1941; eft sōna bið _will happen directly_, 1763; similarly, 1768,
+etc.; pl. þonne bīoð brocene, _then are broken_, 2064; feor cȳððe bēoð
+sēlran gesōhte þām þe..., "terrae longinquae meliores sunt visitatu ei
+qui..." (Grein), 1839; imp. bēo (bīo) þū on ofeste, _hasten!_ 386, 2748;
+bēo wið Gēatas glæd, _be gracious to the Gēatas_, 1174.
+
+bēor, st. n., _beer_: dat. sg. æt bēore, _at beer-drinking_, 2042; instr.
+sg. bēore druncen, 531; bēore druncne, 480.
+
+bēor-scealc, st. m., _keeper of the beer, cup-bearer_: gen. pl.
+bēor-scealca sum (one of Hrōðgār's followers, because they served the
+Gēatas at meals), 1241.
+
+bēor-sele, st. m., _beer-hall, hall in which beer is drunk_: dat. sg. in
+(on) bēorsele, 482, 492, 1095; bīorsele, 2636.
+
+bēor-þegu, st. f., _beer-drinking, beer-banquet_: dat. sg. æfter bēorþege,
+117; æt þǣre bēorþege, 618.
+
+bēot, st. n., _promise, binding agreement to something that is to be
+undertaken_: acc. sg. hē bēot ne ālēh, _did not break his pledge_, 80; bēot
+eal ... gelǣste, _performed all that he had pledged himself to_, 523.
+
+ge-bēotian, w. v., _to pledge one's self to an undertaking, to bind one's
+self_: pret. gebēotedon, 480, 536.
+
+bēot-word, st. n., same as bēot: dat. pl. bēot-wordum spræc, 2511.
+
+biddan, st. v., _to beg, to ask, to pray_: pres. sg. I. dōð swā ic bidde!
+1232; inf. (w. acc. of the pers. and gen. of the thing asked for) ic þē
+biddan wille ānre bēne, _beg thee for one_, 427; pret. swā hē selfa bæd,
+_as he himself had requested_, 29; bæd hine blīðne (supply wesan) æt þǣre
+bēorþege, _begged him to be cheerful at the beer-banquet_, 618; ic þē lange
+bæd þæt þū..., _begged you a long time that you_, 1995; frioðowǣre bæd
+hlāford sīnne, _begged his lord for protection_ (acc. of pers. and gen. of
+thing), 2283; bæd þæt gē geworhton, _asked that you_..., 3097; pl. wordum
+bǣdon þæt..., 176.
+
+on-bidian, w. v., _to await_: inf. lǣtað hilde-bord hēr onbidian ... worda
+geþinges, _let the shields await here the result of the conference_ (lay
+the shields aside here), 397.
+
+bil, st. n. _sword_: nom. sg. bil, 1568; bill, 2778; acc. sg. bil, 1558;
+instr. sg. bille, 2360; gen. sg. billes, 2061, etc.; instr. pl. billum, 40;
+gen. pl. billa, 583, 1145.--Comp.: gūð-, hilde-, wīg-bil.
+
+bindan, st. v., _to bind, to tie_: pret. part. acc. sg. wudu bundenne, _the
+bound wood_, i.e. the built ship, 216; bunden golde swurd, _a sword bound
+with gold_, i.e. either having its hilt inlaid with gold, or having gold
+chains upon the hilt (swords of both kinds have been found), 1901; nom. sg.
+heoru bunden, 1286, has probably a similar meaning.
+
+ge-bindan, _to bind_: pret. sg. þǣr ic fīfe geband, _where I had bound
+five_(?), 420; pret. part. cyninges þegn word ōðer fand sōðe gebunden, _the
+king's man found_ (after many had already praised Bēowulf's deed) _other
+words_ (also referring to Bēowulf, but in connection with Sigemund)
+_rightly bound together_, i.e. in good alliterative verses, as are becoming
+to a gid, 872; wundenmǣl wrǣttum gebunden, _sword bound with ornaments_,
+i.e. inlaid, 1532; bisgum gebunden, _bound together by sorrow_, 1744; gomel
+gūðwīga eldo gebunden, _hoary hero bound by old age_ (fettered, oppressed),
+2112.
+
+on-bindan, _to unbind, to untie, to loose_: pret. onband, 501.
+
+ge-bind, st. n. coll., _that which binds, fetters_: in comp. īs-gebind.
+
+bite, st. m., _bite_, figuratively of the cut of the sword: acc. sg. bite
+īrena, _the swords' bite_, 2260; dat. sg. æfter billes bite, 2061.--Comp.
+lāð-bite.
+
+biter (primary meaning that of biting), adj.: 1) _sharp, cutting, cutting
+in_: acc. sg. biter (of a short sword), 2705; instr. sg. biteran strǣle,
+1747; instr. pl. biteran bānum, _with sharp teeth_, 2693.--2) _irritated,
+furious_: nom. pl. bitere, 1432.
+
+bitre, adv., _bitterly_ (in a moral sense), 2332.
+
+bī, big (fuller form of the prep. be, which see), prep. w. dat.: 1) _near,
+at, on, about, by_ (as under be, No. 1): bī sǣm twēonum, _in the circuit of
+both seas_, 1957; ārās bī ronde, _raised himself up by the shield_, 2539;
+bī wealle gesæt, _sat by the wall_, 2718. With a freer position: him big
+stōdan bunan and orcas, _round about him_, 3048.--2) _to, towards_
+(motion): hwearf þā bī bence, _turned then towards the bench_, 1189; gēong
+bī sesse, _went to the seat_, 2757.
+
+bīd (see bīdan), st. n., _tarrying hesitation_: þǣr wearð Ongenþīo on bīd
+wrecen, _forced to tarry_, 2963.
+
+bīdan, st. v.: 1) _to delay, to stay, to remain, to wait_: inf. nō on
+wealle leng bīdan wolde, _would not stay longer within the wall_ (the
+drake), 2309; pret. in þȳstrum bād, _remained in darkness_, 87; flota
+stille bād, _the craft lay still_, 301; receda ... on þǣm se rīca bād,
+_where the mighty one dwelt_, 310; þǣr se snottra bād, _where the wise man_
+(Hrōðgār) _waited_, 1314; hē on searwum bād, _he_ (Bēowulf) _stood there
+armed_, 2569; ic on earde bād mǣlgesceafta, _lived upon the paternal ground
+the time appointed me by fate_, 2737; pret. pl. sume þǣr bidon, _some
+remained, waited there_, 400.--2) _to await, to wait for_, with the gen. of
+that which is awaited: inf. bīdan woldon Grendles gūðe, _wished to await
+the combat with Grendel, to undertake it_, 482; similarly, 528; wīges
+bīdan, _await the combat_, 1269; nalas andsware bīdan wolde, _would await
+no answer_, 1495; pret. bād beadwa geþinges, _awaited the event of the
+battle_, 710; sǣgenga bād āgend-frēan, _the sea-goer_ (boat) _awaited its
+owner_, 1883; sele ... heaðowylma bād, lāðan līges (the poet probably means
+to indicate by these words that the hall Heorot was destroyed later in a
+fight by fire; an occurrence, indeed, about which we know nothing, but
+which 1165 and 1166, and again 2068 ff. seem to indicate), 82.
+
+ā-bīdan, _to await_, with the gen.: inf., 978.
+
+ge-bīdan: 1) _to tarry, to wait_: imp. gebīde gē on beorge, _wait ye on the
+mountain_, 2530; pret. part. þēah þe wintra lȳt under burhlocan gebiden
+hæbbe Hæreðes dōhtor _although H's daughter had dwelt only a few years in
+the castle_, 1929.--2) _to live through, to experience, to expect_ (w.
+acc.): inf. sceal endedæg mīnne gebīdan, _shall live my last day_, 639; ne
+wēnde ... bōte gebīdan, _did not hope ... to live to see reparation_, 935;
+fela sceal gebīdan lēofes and lāðes, _experience much good and much
+affliction_, 1061; ende gebīdan, 1387, 2343; pret. hē þæs frōfre gebād,
+_received consolation_ (compensation) _therefore_, 7; gebād wintra worn,
+_lived a great number of years_, 264; in a similar construction, 816, 930,
+1619, 2259, 3117. With gen.: inf. tō gebīdanne ōðres yrfeweardes, _to await
+another heir_, 2453. With depend, clause: inf. tō gebīdanne þæt his byre
+rīde on galgan, _to live to see it, that his son hang upon the gallows_,
+2446; pret. drēam-lēas gebād þæt hē..., _joyless he experienced it, that
+he_..., 1721; þæs þe ic on aldre gebād þæt ic..., _for this, that I, in my
+old age, lived to see that_..., 1780.
+
+on-bīdan, _to wait, to await_: pret. hordweard onbād earfoðlīce oð þæt ǣfen
+cwōm, _scarcely waited, could scarcely delay till it was evening_, 2303.
+
+bītan, st. v., _to bite_, of the cutting of swords: inf. bītan, 1455, 1524;
+pret. bāt bānlocan, _bit into his body_ (Grendel), 743; bāt unswīðor, _cut
+with less force_ (Bēowulf's sword), 2579.
+
+blanca, w. m., properly _that which shines_ here of the horse, not so much
+of the white horse as the dappled: dat. pl. on blancum, 857.
+
+ge-bland, ge-blond, st. n., _mixture, heaving mass, a turning_.--Comp.:
+sund-, ȳð-geblond, windblond.
+
+blanden-feax, blonden-feax, adj., _mixed_, i.e. having gray hair,
+_gray-headed_, as epithet of an old man: nom. sg. blondenfeax, 1792;
+blondenfexa, 2963; dat. sg. blondenfeaxum, 1874; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe,
+1595.
+
+blæc, adj., _dark, black_: nom. sg, hrefn blaca, 1802.
+
+blāc, adj.: 1) _gleaming, shining_: acc. sg. blācne lēoman, _a brilliant
+gleam_, 1518.--2) of the white death-color, _pale_; in comp. heoroblāc.
+
+blǣd, st. m.: 1) _strength, force, vigor_: nom. sg. wæs hira blǣd scacen
+(of both tribes), _strength was gone_, i.e. the bravest of both tribes lay
+slain, 1125; nū is þīnes mægnes blǣd āne hwīle, _now the fulness of thy
+strength lasts for a time_, 1762.--2) _reputation, renown, knowledge_ (with
+stress upon the idea of filling up, spreading out): nom. sg. blǣd, 18;
+(þīn) blǣd is ārǣred, _thy renown is spread abroad_, 1704.
+
+blǣd-āgend, pt., _having renown, renowned_: nom. pl. blǣd-āgende, 1014.
+
+blǣd-fæst, adj., _firm in renown, renowned, known afar_: acc. sg.
+blǣdfæstne beorn (of Æschere, with reference to 1329, 1300.
+
+blēat, adj., _miserable, helpless_; only in comp. wæl-blēat.
+
+blēate, adv., _miserably, helplessly_, 2825.
+
+blīcan, st. v., _shine, gleam_: inf., 222
+
+blīðe, adj.: 1) _blithe, joyous, happy_ acc. sg. blīðne, 618.--2)
+_gracious, pleasing_: nom. sg. blīðe, 436.--Comp. un-blīðe.
+
+blīð-heort, adj., _joyous in heart, happy_: nom. sg., 1803.
+
+blōd, st. n., _blood_: nom. sg., 1122; acc. sg., 743; dat. sg. blōde, 848;
+æfter dēorum men him langað beorn wið blōde, _the hero_ (Hrōðgār) _longs
+for the beloved man contrary to blood_, i.e. he loves him although he is
+not related to him by blood, 1881; dat. as instr. blōde, 486, 935, 1595,
+etc.
+
+blōd-fāg, adj., _spotted with blood, bloody_, 2061.
+
+blōdig, adj., _bloody_: acc. sg. f. blōdge, 991; acc. sg. n. blōdig, 448;
+instr. sg. blōdigan gāre, 2441.
+
+ge-blōdian, w. v., _to make bloody, to sprinkle with blood_: pret. part.
+ge-blōdegod, 2693.
+
+blōdig-tōð, adj., _with bloody teeth_: nom. sg. bona blōdig-tōð (of
+Grendel, because he bites his victims to death), 2083.
+
+blōd-rēow, adj., _bloodthirsty, bloody-minded_: nom. sg. him on ferhðe
+grēow brēost-hord blōd-rēow, _in his bosom there grew a bloodthirsty
+feeling_, 1720.
+
+be-bod, st. n., _command, order_; in comp. wundor-bebod.
+
+bodian, w. v., _(to be a messenger), to announce, to make known_: pret.
+hrefn blaca heofones wynne blīð-heort bodode, _the black raven announced
+joyfully heaven's delight_ (the rising sun), 1803.
+
+boga, w. m., _bow_, of the bended form; here of the dragon, in comp.
+hring-boga; as an instrument for shooting, in the comp. flān-, horn-boga;
+bow of the arch, in comp. stān-boga.
+
+bolca, w. m., "forus navis" (Grein), _gangway_; here probably the planks
+which at landing are laid from the ship to the shore: acc. sg. ofer bolcan,
+231.
+
+bold, st. n., _building, house, edifice_: nom. sg. (Heorot), 998;
+(Hygelāc's residence), 1926; (Bēowulfs residence), 2197, 2327.--Comp.
+fold-bold.
+
+bold-āgend, pt., _house-owner, property-holder_: gen. pl. monegum
+boldāgendra, 3113.
+
+bolgen-mōd, adj., _angry at heart, angry_, 710, 1714.
+
+bolster, st. m., _bolster, cushion, pillow_: dat. pl. (reced) geond-brǣded
+wearð beddum and bolstrum, _was covered with beds and bolsters_,
+1241.--Comp. hlēor-bolster.
+
+bon-. See ban-.
+
+bora, w. m., _carrier, bringer, leader_: in the comp. mund-, rǣd-,
+wǣg-bora.
+
+bord, st. n., _shield_: nom. sg., 2674; acc. sg., 2525; gen. pl. ofer borda
+gebræc, _over the crashing of the shields_, 2260.--Comp.: hilde-, wīg-bord.
+
+bord-hæbbend, pt., _one having a shield, shield-bearer_: nom. pl. hæbbende,
+2896.
+
+bord-hrēoða, w. m., _shield-cover, shield_ with particular reference to its
+cover (of hides or linden bark): dat. sg. -hrēoðan, 2204.
+
+bord-rand, st. m., _shield_: acc. sg., 2560.
+
+bord-weall, st. m., _shield-wall, wall of shields_: acc. sg., 2981.
+
+bord-wudu, st. m., _shield-wood, shield_: acc. pl. beorhtan beord-wudu,
+1244.
+
+botm, st. m., _bottom_: dat. sg. tō botme (here of the bottom of the
+fen-lake), 1507.
+
+bōt (emendation, cf. bētan), st. f.: 1) _relief, remedy_: nom. sg., 281;
+acc. sg. bōte, 935; acc. sg. bōte, 910.--2) _a performance in expiation, a
+giving satisfaction, tribute_: gen. sg. bōte, 158.
+
+brand, brond, st. m.: 1) _burning, fire_: nom. sg. þā sceal brond fretan
+(_the burning of the body_), 3015; instr. sg. by hine ne mōston ... bronde
+forbærnan (_could not bestow upon him the solemn burning_), 2127; hæfde
+landwara līge befangen, bǣle and bronde, _with glow, fire, and flame_,
+2323.--2) in the passage, þæt hine nō brond nē beadomēcas bītan ne meahton,
+1455, brond has been translated _sword, brand_ (after the O.N. brand-r).
+The meaning _fire_ may be justified as well, if we consider that the old
+helmets were generally made of leather, and only the principal parts were
+mounted with bronze. The poet wishes here to emphasize the fact that the
+helmet was made entirely of metal, a thing which was very unusual.--3) in
+the passage, forgeaf þā Bēowulfe brand Healfdenes segen gyldenne, 1021, our
+text, with other editions, has emendated, bearn, since brand, if it be
+intended as a designation of Hrōðgār (perhaps _son_), has not up to this
+time been found in this sense in A.-S.
+
+brant, bront, adj., _raging, foaming, going-high_, of ships and of waves:
+acc. sg. brontne, 238, 568.
+
+brād, adj.: 1) _extended, wide_: nom. pl. brāde rīce, 2208.--2) _broad_:
+nom. sg. hēah and brād (of Bēowulf's grave-mound), 3159; acc. sg. brādne
+mēce, 2979; (seax) brād [and] brūnecg, _the broad, short sword with bright
+edge_, 1547.--3) _massive, in abundance_. acc, sg. brād gold, 3106.
+
+ge-bræc, st. n., _noise, crash_: acc. sg. borda gebræc, 2260.
+
+geond-brǣdan, w. v., _to spread over, to cover entirely_: pret. part.
+geond-brǣded, 1240.
+
+brecan, st. v.: 1) _to break, to break to pieces_: pret. bānhringas bræc,
+(the sword) _broke the joints_, 1568. In a moral sense: pret. subj. þæt þǣr
+ǣnig mon wǣre ne brǣce, _that no one should break the agreement_, 1101;
+pret. part. þonne bīoð brocene ... āð-sweord eorla, _then are the oaths of
+the men broken_, 2064.--2) probably also simply _to break in upon
+something, to press upon_, w. acc.: pret. sg. sǣdēor monig hildetūxum
+heresyrcan bræc, _many a sea-animal pressed with his battle-teeth upon the
+shirt of mail_ (did not break it, for, according to 1549 f., 1553 f., it
+was still unharmed). 1512.--3) _to break out, to spring out_: inf. geseah
+... strēam ūt brecan of beorge, _saw a stream break out from the rocks_,
+2547; lēt se hearda Higelāces þegn brādne mēce ... brecan ofer bordweal,
+_caused the broadsword to spring out over the wall of shields_, 2981.--4)
+figuratively, _to vex, not to let rest_: pret. hine fyrwyt bræc, _curiosity
+tormented_ (N.H.G. brachte die Neugier um), 232, 1986, 2785.
+
+ge-brecan, _to break to pieces_: pret. bānhūs gebræc, _broke in pieces his
+body_ (Bēowulf in combat with Dæghrefn), 2509.
+
+tō-brecan, _to break in pieces_: inf., 781; pret. part. tō-brocen, 998.
+
+þurh-brecan, _to break through_, pret. wordes ord brēosthord þurh-bræc,
+_the word's point broke through his closed breast_, i.e. a word burst out
+from his breast, 2793.
+
+brecð, st. f., _condition of being broken, breach_: nom. pl. mōdes brecða
+(_sorrow of heart_), 171.
+
+ā-bredwian, w. v. w. acc., _to fell to the ground, to kill_ (?): pret.
+ābredwade, 2620.
+
+bregdan, st. v., properly _to swing round_, hence: 1) _to swing_: inf.
+under sceadu bregdan, _swing among the shadows, to send into the realm of
+shadows_, 708; pret. brægd ealde lāfe, _swung the old weapon_, 796; brægd
+feorh-genīðlan, _swung his mortal enemy_ (Grendel's mother), threw her
+down, 1540; pl. git ēagorstrēam ... mundum brugdon, _stirred the sea with
+your hands_ (of the movement of the hands in swimming), 514; pret. part.
+brōden (brogden) mǣl, _the drawn sword_, 1617, 1668.--2) _to knit, to knot,
+to plait_: inf., figuratively, inwitnet ōðrum bregdan, _to weave a
+waylaying net for another_ (as we say in the same way, to lay a trap for
+another, to dig a pit for another), 2168; pret. part. beadohrægl brōden, _a
+woven shirt of mail_ (because it consisted of metal rings joined together),
+552; similarly, 1549; brogdne beadusercean, 2756.
+
+ā-bregdan, _to swing_: pret. hond up ā-bræd, _swung, raised his hand_,
+2576.
+
+ge-bregdan: 1) _swing_: pret. hring-mǣl gebrægd, _swung the ringed sword_,
+1565; eald sweord ēacen ... þæt ic þȳ wǣpne gebrægd, _an old heavy sword
+that I swung as my weapon_, 1665; with interchanging instr. and acc.
+wællseaxe gebrǣ, biter and beadu-scearp, 2704; also, _to draw out of the
+sheath_: sweord ǣr gebrǣ, _had drawn the sword before_, 2563.--2) _to knit,
+to knot, to plait_: pret. part. bere-byrne hondum gebrōden, 1444.
+
+on-bregdan, _to tear open, to throw open_: pret. onbræd þā recedes mūðan,
+_had then thrown open the entrance of the hall_ (onbregdan is used because
+the opening door swings upon its hinges), 724.
+
+brego, st. m., _prince, ruler_: nom. sg. 427, 610.
+
+brego-rōf, adj., _powerful, like a ruler, of heroic strength _: nom. sg.
+m., 1926.
+
+brego-stōl, st. m., _throne_, figuratively for _rule_: acc. sg. him
+gesealde seofon þūsendo, bold and brego-stōl, _seven thousand_ see under
+sceat), _a country-seat, and the dignity of a prince_, 2197; þǣr him Hygd
+gebēad ... brego-stōl, _where H. offered him the chief power_, 2371; lēt
+þone bregostōl Bēowulf healdan, _gave over to Bēowulf the chief power_ (did
+not prevent Bēowulf from entering upon the government), 2390.
+
+brēme, adj., _known afar, renowned_. nom. sg., 18.
+
+brenting (see brant), st. m., _ship craft_: nom. pl. brentingas, 2808.
+
+ā-brēatan, st. v., _to break, to break in pieces, to kill_: pret. ābrēot
+brimwīsan, _killed the sea-king_ (King Hæðcyn), 2931. See brēotan.
+
+brēost, st. n.: 1) _breast_: nom. sg., 2177; often used in the pl., so acc.
+þæt mīne brēost wereð, _which protects my breast_, 453; dat. pl. beadohrægl
+brōden on brēostum læg. 552.--2) _the inmost thoughts, the mind, the heart,
+the bosom_: nom. sg. brēost innan wēoll þēostrum geþoncum, _his breast
+heaved with troubled thoughts_, 2332; dat. pl. lēt þā of brēostum word ūt
+faran, _caused the words to come out from his bosom_, 2551.
+
+brēost-gehygd, st. n. f., _breast-thought, secret thought_: instr. pl.
+-gehygdum, 2819.
+
+brēost-gewǣdu, st. n. pl., _breast-clothing, garment covering the breast_,
+of the coat of mail: nom., 1212; acc., 2163.
+
+brēost-hord, st. m., _breast-hoard, that which is locked in the breast,
+heart, mind, thought, soul_: nom. sg., 1720; acc. sg., 2793.
+
+brēost-net, st. n., _breast-net, shirt of chain-mail, coat of mail_: nom.
+sg. brēost-net brōden, 1549.
+
+brēost-weorðung, st. f., _ornament that is worn upon the breast_: acc. sg.
+brēost-weorðunge, 2505: here the collar is meant which Bēowulf receives
+from Wealhþēow (1196, 2174) as a present, and which B., according to 2173,
+presents to Hygd, while, according to 1203, it is in the possession of her
+husband Hygelāc. In front the collar is trimmed with ornaments (frætwe),
+which hang down upon the breast, hence the name brēost-weorðung.
+
+brēost-wylm, st. m., _heaving of the breast, emotion of the bosom_: acc.
+sg, 1878.
+
+brēotan, st. v., _to break, to break in pieces, to kill_: pret. brēat
+bēodgenēatas, _killed his table-companions_ (courtiers), 1714.
+
+ā-brēotan, same as above: pret. þone þe hēo on ræste ābrēat, _whom she
+killed upon his couch_, 1299; pret. part. þā þæt monige gewearð, þæt hine
+sēo brimwylf ābroten hæfde, _many believed that the sea-wolf_ (Grendel's
+mother) _had killed him_, 1600; hī hyne ... ābroten hæfdon, _had killed
+him_ (the dragon), 2708.
+
+brim, st. n., _flood, the sea_: nom. sg., 848, 1595; gen. sg. tō brimes
+faroðe, _to the sea_, 28; æt brimes nosan, _at the sea's promontory_, 2804;
+nom. pl. brimu swaðredon, _the waves subsided_, 570.
+
+brim-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff, cliff washed by the sea_: acc. pl. -clifu,
+222.
+
+brim-lād, st. f., _flood-way, sea-way_: acc. sg. þāra þe mid Bēowulfe
+brimlāde tēah, _who had travelled the sea-way with B._, 1052.
+
+brim-līðend, pt, _sea-farer, sailor_ acc. p. -līðende, 568.
+
+brim-strēam, st. m., _sea-stream, the flood of the sea_: acc. pl. ofer
+brim-strēamas, 1911.
+
+brim-wīsa, w. m., _sea-king_: acc. sg. brimwīsan, of Hæðcyn, king of the
+Gēatas, 2931.
+
+brim-wylf, st. f., _sea-wolf_ (designation of Grendel's mother): nom. sg.
+sēo brimwylf, 1507, 1600.
+
+brim-wylm, st. m., _sea-wave_: nom. sg., 1495.
+
+bringan, anom. v., _to bring, to bear_: prs. sg. I. ic þē þūsenda þegna
+bringe tō helpe, _bring to your assistance thousands of warriors_, 1830;
+inf. sceal hringnaca ofer hēaðu bringan lāc and luftācen, _shall bring
+gifts and love-tokens over the high sea_, 1863; similarly, 2149, 2505;
+pret. pl. wē þās sǣlāc ... brōhton, _brought this sea-offering_ (Grendel's
+head), 1654.
+
+ge-bringan, _to bring_: pres. subj. pl. þat wē þone gebringan ... on
+ādfære, _that we bring him upon the funeral-pile_, 3010.
+
+brosnian, w. v., _to crumble, to become rotten, to fall to pieces_: prs.
+sg. III. herepād ... brosnað æfter beorne, _the coat of mail falls to
+pieces after_ (the death of) _the hero_, 2261.
+
+brōðor, st. m., _brother_: nom. sg., 1325, 2441; dat sg. brēðer, 1263; gen.
+sg. his brōðor bearn, 2620; dat. pl. brōðrum, 588, 1075.
+
+ge-brōðru, pl., _brethren, brothers_: dat. pl. sæt be þǣm gebrōðrum twǣm,
+_sat by the two brothers_, 1192.
+
+brōga, w. m., _terror, horror_: nom. sg., 1292, 2325, 2566; acc. sg. billa
+brōgan, 583.--Comp.: gryre-, here-brōga.
+
+brūcan, st. v. w. gen., _to use, to make use of_: prs. sg. III. sē þe longe
+hēr worolde brūceð, _who here long makes use of the world_, i.e. lives
+long, 1063; imp. brūc manigra mēda, _make use of many rewards, give good
+rewards_, 1179; _to enjoy_: inf. þæt hē bēahhordes brūcan mōste, _could
+enjoy the ring-hoard_, 895; similarly, 2242, 3101; pret. brēac
+līfgesceafta, _enjoyed the appointed life, lived the appointed time_, 1954.
+With the genitive to be supplied: brēac þonne mōste, 1488; imp. brūc þisses
+bēages, _enjoy this ring, take this ring_, 1217. Upon this meaning depends
+the form of the wish, wēl brūcan (compare the German geniesze froh!): inf.
+hēt hine wēl brūcan, 1046; hēt hine brūcan well, 2813; imp. brūc ealles
+well, 2163.
+
+brūn, adj., _having a brown lustre, shining_: nom. sg. sīo ecg brūn, 2579.
+
+brūn-ecg, adj., _having a gleaming blade_: acc. sg. n. (hyre seaxe) brād
+[and] brūnecg, _her broad sword with gleaming blade_, 1547.
+
+brūn-fāg, adj., _gleaming like metal_: acc. sg. brūnfāgne helm, 2616.
+
+bryne-lēoma, w. m., _light of a conflagration, gleam of fire _: nom. sg.,
+2314.
+
+bryne-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire_: dat. pl. -wylmum, 2327.
+
+brytnian (properly _to break in small pieces_, cf. brēotan), w. v., _to
+bestow, to distribute_: pret. sinc brytnade, _distributed presents_, i.e.
+ruled (since the giving of gifts belongs especially to rulers), 2384.
+
+brytta, w. m., _giver, distributer_, always designating the king: nom. sg.
+sinces brytta, 608, 1171, 2072; acc. sg. bēaga bryttan, 35, 352, 1488;
+sinces bryttan, 1923.
+
+bryttian (_to be a dispenser_), w. v., _to distribute, to confer_: prs. sg.
+III. god manna cynne snyttru bryttað, _bestows wisdom upon the human race_,
+1727.
+
+brȳd, st. f.: 1) _wife, consort_: acc. sg. brȳd, 2931; brȳde, 2957, both
+times of the consort of Ongenþēow (?).--2) _betrothed, bride_: nom. sg., of
+Hrōðgār's daughter, Frēaware, 2032.
+
+brȳd-būr, st. n., _woman's apartment_: dat. sg. ēode ... cyning of
+brȳdbūre, _the king came out of the apartment of his wife_ (into which,
+according to 666, he had gone), 922.
+
+bunden-stefna, w. m., _(that which has a bound prow), the framed ship_:
+nom. sg., 1911.
+
+bune, w. f., _can_ or _cup, drinking-vessel_: nom. pl. bunan, 3048; acc.
+pl. bunan, 2776.
+
+burh, burg, st. f., _castle, city, fortified house_: acc. sg. burh, 523;
+dat. sg. byrig, 1200; dat. pl. burgum, 53, 1969, 2434.--Comp.: frēo,
+freoðo-, hēa-, hlēo-, hord-, lēod-, mǣg-burg.
+
+burh-loca, w. m., _castle-bars_: dat. sg. under burh-locan, _under the
+castle-bars_, i.e. in the castle (Hygelāc's), 1929.
+
+burh-stede, st. m., _castle-place, place where the castle_ or _city
+stands_: acc. sg. burhstede, 2266.
+
+burh-wela, w. m., _riches, treasure of a castle_ or _city_: gen. sg. þenden
+hē burh-welan brūcan mōste, 3101.
+
+burne, w. f., _spring, fountain_: gen. þǣre burnan wælm, _the bubbling of
+the spring_, 2547.
+
+būan, st. v.: 1) _to stay, to remain, to dwell_: inf. gif hē weard onfunde
+būan on beorge, _if he had found the watchman dwelling on the mountain_,
+2843.--2) _to inhabit_, w. acc.: meduseld būan, _to inhabit the
+mead-house_, 3066.
+
+ge-būan, w. acc., _to occupy a house, to take possession_: pret. part. hēan
+hūses, hū hit Hring Dene æfter bēorþege gebūn hæfdon, _how the Danes, after
+their beer-carouse, had occupied it_ (had made their beds in it),
+117.--With the pres. part. būend are the compounds ceaster-, fold-, grund-,
+lond-būend.
+
+būgan, st. v., _to bend, to bow, to sink; to turn, to flee_: prs. sg. III.
+bon-gār būgeð, _the fatal spear sinks_, i.e. its deadly point is turned
+down, it rests, 2032; inf. þæt se byrnwīga būgan sceolde, _that the armed
+hero had to sink down_ (having received a deadly blow), 2919; similarly,
+2975; pret. sg. bēah eft under eorðweall, _turned, fled again behind the
+earth-wall_, 2957; pret. pl. bugon tō bence, _turned to the bench_, 327,
+1014; hȳ on holt bugon, _fled to the wood_, 2599.
+
+ā-būgan, _to bend off, to curve away from_: pret. fram sylle ābēag medubenc
+monig, _from the threshold curved away many a mead-bench_, 776.
+
+be-būgan, w. acc., _to surround, to encircle_: prs. swā (_which_) wæter
+bebūgeð, 93; efne swā sīde swā sǣ bebūgeð windige weallas, _as far as the
+sea encircles windy shores_, 1224.
+
+ge-būgan, _to bend, to bow, to sink_: a) intrans.: hēo on flet gebēah,
+_sank on the floor_, 1541; þā gebēah cyning, _then sank the king_, 2981; þā
+se wyrm gebēah snūde tōsomne (_when the drake at once coiled itself up_),
+2568; gewāt þā gebogen scrīðan tō, _advanced with curved body_ (the drake),
+2570.--b) w. acc. of the thing to which one bends or sinks: pret. selereste
+gebēah, _sank upon the couch in the hall_, 691; similarly gebēag, 1242.
+
+būr, st. n., _apartment, room_: dat. sg. būre, 1311, 2456; dat. pl. būrum,
+140.--Comp. brȳd-būr.
+
+būtan, būton (from be and ūtan, hence in its meaning referring to what is
+without, excluded): 1) conj. with subjunctive following, _lest_: būtan his
+līc swice, _lest his body escape_, 967. With ind. following, _but_: būton
+hit wæs māre þonne ǣnig mon ōðer tō beadulāce ætberan meahte, _but it_ (the
+sword) _was greater than any other man could have carried to battle_, 1561.
+After a preceding negative verb, _except_: þāra þe gumena bearn gearwe ne
+wiston būton Fitela mid hine, _which the children of men did not know at
+all, except Fitela, who was with him_, 880; ne nom hē māðm-ǣhta mā būton
+þone hafelan, etc., _he took no more of the rich treasure than the head
+alone_, 1615.--2) prep, with dat., _except_: būton folcscare, 73; būton þē,
+658; ealle būton ānum, 706.
+
+bycgan, w. v., _to buy, to pay_: inf. ne wæs þæt gewrixle til þæt hīe on bā
+healfa bicgan scoldon frēonda fēorum, _that was no good transaction, that
+they, on both sides_ (as well to Grendel as to his mother), _had to pay
+with the lives of their friends_, 1306.
+
+be-bycgan, _to sell_: pret. nū ic on māðma hord mīne bebohte frōde
+feorhlege (_now I, for the treasure-hoard, gave up my old life_), 2800.
+
+ge-bycgan, _to buy, to acquire; to pay_: pret. w. acc. nō þǣr ǣnige ...
+frōfre gebohte, _obtained no sort of help, consolation_, 974; hit (his,
+MS.) ealdre gebohte, _paid it with his life_, 2482; pret. part. sylfes
+fēore bēagas [geboh]te, _bought rings with his own life_, 3015.
+
+byldan, w. v. (_to make_ beald, which see), _to excite, to encourage, to
+brave deeds_: inf. w. acc. swā hē Frēsena cyn on bēorsele byldan wolde (by
+distributing gifts), 1095.
+
+ge-byrd, st. n., "fatum destinatum" (Grein) (?): acc. sg. hīe on gebyrd
+hruron gāre wunde, 1075.
+
+ge-byrdu, st. f., _birth_; in compound, bearn-gebyrdu.
+
+byrdu-scrūd, st. n., _shield-ornament, design upon a shield_(?): nom. sg.,
+2661.
+
+byre, st. m., (_born_) _son_: nom. sg., 2054, 2446, 2622, etc.; nom. pl.
+byre, 1189. In a broader sense, _young man, youth_: acc. pl. bǣdde byre
+geonge, _encouraged the youths_ (at the banquet), 2019.
+
+byrðen, st. f., _burden_; in comp. mægen-byrðen.
+
+byrele, st. m., _steward, waiter, cupbearer_: nom. pl. byrelas, 1162.
+
+byrgan, w. v., _to feast, to eat_: inf., 448.
+
+ge-byrgea, w. m., _protector_; in comp. lēod-gebyrgea.
+
+byrht. See _beorht_.
+
+byrne, w. f., _shirt of mail, mail_: nom. sg. byrne, 405, 1630, etc.;
+hringed byrne, _ring-shirt_, consisting of interlaced rings, 1246; acc. sg.
+byrnan, 1023, etc.; sīde byrnan, _large coat of mail_, 1292; hringde
+byrnan, 2616; hāre byrnan, _gray coat of mail_ (of iron), 2154; dat. sg. on
+byrnan, 2705; gen. sg. byrnan hring, _the ring of the shirt of mail_ (i.e.
+the shirt of mail), 2261; dat. pl. byrnum, 40, 238, etc.; beorhtum byrnum,
+_with gleaming mail_, 3141.--Comp.: gūð-, here-, heaðo-, īren-,
+īsern-byrne.
+
+byrnend. See beornan.
+
+byrn-wiga, w. m., _warrior dressed in a coat of mail_: nom. sg., 2919.
+
+bysgu, bisigu, st. f., _trouble, difficulty, opposition_: nom. sg. bisigu,
+281; dat. pl. bisgum, 1744, bysigum, 2581.
+
+bysig, adj., _opposed, in need_, in the compounds līf-bysig, syn-bysig.
+
+bȳme, w. f., _a wind-instrument, a trumpet, a trombone_: gen. sg. bȳman
+gealdor, _the sound of the trumpet_, 2944.
+
+bȳwan, w. v., _to ornament, to prepare_: inf. þā þe beado-grīman bȳwan
+sceoldon, _who should prepare the helmets_, 2258.
+
+C
+
+camp, st. m., _combat, fight between two_: dat. sg. in campe (Bēowulf's
+with Dæghrefn; cempan, MS.), 2506.
+
+candel, st. f., _light, candle_: nom. sg. rodores candel, of the sun,
+1573.--Comp. woruld-candel.
+
+cempa, w. m., _fighter, warrior, hero_: nom. sg. æðele cempa, 1313; Gēata
+cempa, 1552; rēðe cempa, 1586; mǣre cempa (as voc.), 1762; gyrded cempa,
+2079; dat. sg. geongum (geongan) cempan, 1949, 2045, 2627; Hūga cempan,
+2503; acc. pl. cempan, 206.--Comp. fēðe-cempa.
+
+cennan, w. v.: 1) _to bear_, w. acc.: efne swā hwylc mægða swā þone magan
+cende, _who bore the son_, 944; pret. part. þǣm eafera wæs æfter cenned,
+_to him was a son born_, 12.--2) reflexive, _to show one's self, to reveal
+one's self_: imp. cen þec mid cræfte, _prove yourself by your strength_,
+1220.
+
+ā-cennan, _to bear_: pret. part. nō hīe fæder cunnon, hwæðer him ǣnig wæs
+ǣr ācenned dyrnra gāsta, _they_ (the people of the country) _do not know
+his_ (Grendel's) _father, nor whether any evil spirit has been before born
+to him_ (whether he has begotten a son), 1357.
+
+cēnðu, st. f., _boldness_: acc. sg. cēnðu, 2697.
+
+cēne, adj., _keen, warlike, bold_: gen. p.. cēnra gehwylcum, 769. Superl.,
+acc. pl. cēnoste, 206.--Comp.: dǣd-, gār-cēne.
+
+ceald, adj., _cold_: acc. pl. cealde strēamas, 1262; dat. pl. cealdum
+cearsīðum, _with cold, sad journeys_, 2397. Superl. nom. sg. wedera
+cealdost, 546;--Comp. morgen-ceald.
+
+cearian, w. v., _to have care, to take care, to trouble one's self_: prs.
+sg. III. nā ymb his līf cearað, _takes no care for his life_, 1537.
+
+cearig, adj., _troubled, sad_: in comp. sorh-cearig.
+
+cear-sīð, st. m., _sorrowful way, an undertaking that brings sorrow_, i.e.
+a warlike expedition: dat. pl. cearsīðum (of Bēowulf's expeditions against
+Ēadgils), 2397.
+
+cearu, st. f., _care, sorrow, lamentation_: nom. sg., 1304; acc. sg.
+[ceare], 3173.--Comp.: ealdor-, gūð-, mǣl-, mōd-cearu.
+
+cear-wælm, st. m., _care-agitation, waves of sorrow in the breast_: dat.
+pl. æfter cear-wælmum, 2067.
+
+cear-wylm, st. m., same as above; nom. pl. þā cear-wylmas, 282.
+
+ceaster-būend, pt, _inhabitant of a fortified place, inhabitant of a
+castle_: dat. pl. ceaster-būendum, of those established in Hrōðgār's
+castle, 769.
+
+cēap, st. m., _purchase, transaction_: figuratively, nom. sg. næs þæt ȳðe
+cēap, _no easy transaction_, 2416; instr. sg. þēah þe ōðer hit ealdre
+gebohte, heardan cēape, _although the one paid it with his life, a dear
+purchase_, 2483.
+
+ge-cēapian, w. v., _to purchase_: pret. part. gold unrīme grimme gecēapod,
+_gold without measure, bitterly purchased_ (with Bēowulf's life), 3013.
+
+be-ceorfan, st. v., _to separate, to cut off_ (with acc. of the pers. and
+instr. of the thing): pret. hine þā hēafde becearf, _cut off his head_,
+1591; similarly, 2139.
+
+ceorl, st. m., _man_: nom. sg. snotor ceorl monig, _many a wise man_, 909;
+dat. sg. gomelum ceorle, _the old man_ (of King Hrēðel), 2445; so, ealdum
+ceorle, of King Ongenþēow, 2973; nom. pl. snotere ceorlas, _wise men_, 202,
+416, 1592.
+
+cēol, st. m., _keel_, figuratively for the ship: nom. sg., 1913; acc. sg.
+cēol, 38, 238; gen. sg. cēoles, 1807.
+
+cēosan, st. v., _to choose_, hence, _to assume_: inf. þone cynedōm cīosan
+wolde, _would assume the royal dignity_, 2377; _to seek_: pret. subj. ǣr hē
+bǣl cure, _before he sought his funeral-pile_ (before he died), 2819.
+
+ge-cēosan, _to choose, to elect_: gerund, tō gecēosenne cyning ǣnigne
+(sēlran), _to choose a better king_, 1852; imp. þē þæt sēlre ge-cēos,
+_choose thee the better_ (of two: bealonīð and ēce rǣdas), 1759; pret. hē
+ūsic on herge gecēas tō þyssum siðfate, _selected us among the soldiers for
+this undertaking_, 2639; gecēas ēcne rǣd, _chose the everlasting gain_,
+i.e. died, 1202; similarly, godes lēoht gecēas, 2470; pret. part. acc. pl.
+hæfde ... cempan gecorone, 206.
+
+on-cirran, w. v., _to turn, to change_: inf. ne meahte ... þæs wealdendes
+[willan] wiht on-cirran, _could not change the will of the Almighty_, 2858;
+pret. ufor oncirde, _turned higher_, 2952; þyder oncirde, _turned thither_,
+2971.
+
+ā-cīgan, w. v., _to call hither_: pret. ācīgde of corðre cyninges þegnas
+syfone, _called from the retinue of the king seven men_, 3122.
+
+clam, clom, st. m., f. n.? _fetter_, figuratively of a strong gripe: dat.
+pl. heardan clammum, 964; heardum clammum, 1336; atolan clommum (horrible
+claws of the mother of Grendel), 1503.
+
+clif, cleof, st. n., _cliff, promontory_: acc. pl. Gēata clifu,
+1912.--Comp.: brim-, ēg-, holm-, stān-clif.
+
+ge-cnāwan, st. v., _to know, to recognize_: inf. meaht þū, mīn wine, mēce
+gecnāwan, _mayst thou, my friend, recognize the sword_, 2048.
+
+on-cnāwan, _to recognize, to distinguish_: hordweard oncnīow mannes reorde,
+_distinguished the speech of a man_, 2555.
+
+cniht, st. m., _boy, youth_: dat. pl. þyssum cnyhtum, _to these boys_
+(Hrōðgār's sons), 1220.
+
+cniht-wesende, prs. part., _being a boy_ or _a youth_: acc. sg. ic hine
+cūðe cniht-wesende, _knew him while still a boy_, 372; nom. pl. wit þæt
+gecwǣdon cniht-wesende, _we both as young men said that_, 535.
+
+cnyssan, w. v., _to strike, to dash against each other_: pret. pl. þonne
+... eoferas cnysedan, _when the bold warriors dashed against each other,
+stormed_ (in battle), 1329.
+
+collen-ferhð, -ferð, adj., (properly, _of swollen mind_), _of uncommon
+thoughts, in his way of thinking, standing higher than others,
+high-minded_: nom. sg. cuma collen-ferhð, of Bēowulf, 1807; collen-ferð, of
+Wīglāf, 2786.
+
+corðer, st. n., _troop, division of an army, retinue_: dat. sg. þā wæs ...
+Fin slægen, cyning on corðre, _then was Fin slain, the king in the troop_
+(of warriors), 1154; of corðre cyninges, _out of the retinue of the king_,
+3122.
+
+costian, w. v., _to try_; pret. (w. gen.) hē mīn costode, _tried me_, 2085.
+
+cofa, w. m., _apartment, sleeping-room, couch_: in comp. bān-cofa.
+
+cōl, adj., _cool_: compar. cearwylmas cōlran wurðað, _the waves of sorrow
+become cooler_, i.e. the mind becomes quiet, 282; him wīflufan ... cōlran
+weorðað, _his love for his wife cools_, 2067.
+
+cræft, st. m., _the condition of being able_, hence: 1) _physical
+strength_: nom. sg. mægða cræft, 1284; acc. sg. mægenes cræft, 418; þurh
+ānes cræft, 700; cræft and cēnðu, 2697; dat. (instr.) sg. cræfte, 983,
+1220, 2182, 2361.--2) _art, craft, skill_: dat. sg. as instr. dyrnum
+cræfte, _with secret_ (magic) _art_, 2169; dyrnan cræfte, 2291; þēofes
+cræfte, _with thief's craft_, 2221; dat. pl. dēofles cræftum, _by devil's
+art_ (sorcery), 2089.--3) _great quantity_ (?): acc. sg. wyrm-horda cræft,
+2223.--Comp.: leoðo-, mægen-, nearo-, wīg-cræft.
+
+cræftig, adj.: 1) _strong, stout_: nom. sg. eafoðes cræftig, 1467; nīða
+cræftig, 1963. Comp. wīg-cræftig.--2) _adroit, skilful_: in comp.
+lagu-cræftig.--3) _rich_ (of treasures); in comp. ēacen-cræftig.
+
+cringan, st. v., _to fall in combat, to fall with the writhing movement of
+those mortally wounded_: pret. subj. on wæl crunge, _would sink into death,
+would fall_, 636; pret. pl. for the pluperfect, sume on wæle crungon, 1114.
+
+ge-cringan, same as above: pret. hē under rande gecranc, _fell under his
+shield_, 1210; æt wīge gecrang, _fell in battle_, 1338; hēo on flet
+gecrong, _fell to the ground_, 1569; in campe gecrong, _fell in single
+combat_, 2506.
+
+cuma (_he who comes_), w. m., _newcomer, guest_: nom. sg. 1807.--Comp.:
+cwealm-, wil-cuma.
+
+cuman, st. v., _to come_: pres. sg. II. gyf þū on weg cymest, _if thou
+comest from there_, 1383; III. cymeð, 2059; pres. subj. sg. III. cume, 23;
+pl. þonne wē ūt cymen, _when we come out_, 3107; inf. cuman, 244, 281,
+1870; pret. sg. cōm, 430, 569, 826, 1134, 1507, 1601, etc.; cwōm, 419,
+2915; pret. subj. sg. cwōme, 732; pret. part. cumen, 376; pl. cumene, 361.
+Often with the inf. of a verb of motion, as, cōm gongan, 711; cōm sīðian,
+721; cōm in gān, 1645; cwōm gān, 1163; cōm scacan, 1803; cwōmon lǣdan, 239;
+cwōmon sēcean, 268; cwōman scrīðan, 651, etc.
+
+be-cuman, _to come, to approach, to arrive_: pret. syððan niht becōm,
+_after the night had come_, 115; þē on þā lēode becōm, _that had come over
+the people_, 192; þā hē tō hām becōm, 2993. And with inf. following: stefn
+in becōm ... hlynnan under hārne stān, 2553; lȳt eft becwōm ... hāmes
+nīosan, 2366; oð þæt ende becwōm, 1255; similarly, 2117. With acc. of
+pers.: þā hyne sīo þrāg becwōm, _when this time of battle came over him_,
+2884.
+
+ofer-cuman, _to overcome, to compel_: pret. þȳ hē þone fēond ofercwōm,
+_thereby he overcame the foe_, 1274: pl. hīe fēond heora ... ofercōmon,
+700; pret. part. (w. gen.) nīða ofercumen, _compelled by combats_, 846.
+
+cumbol, cumbor, st. m., _banner_: gen. sg. cumbles hyrde, 2506.--Comp.
+hilte-cumbor.
+
+cund, adj., _originating in, descended from_: in comp. feorran-cund.
+
+cunnan, verb pret. pres.: 1) _to know, to be acquainted with_ (w. acc. or
+depend, clause): sg. pres. I. ic mīnne can glædne Hrōðulf þæt hē ... wile,
+_I know my gracious H., that he will_..., 1181; II. eard gīt ne const,
+_thou knowest not yet the land_, 1378; III. hē þæt wyrse ne con, _knows no
+worse_, 1740. And reflexive: con him land geare, _knows the land well_,
+2063; pl. men ne cunnon hwyder helrūnan scrīðað, _men do not know
+whither_..., 162; pret. sg. ic hine cūðe, _knew him_, 372; cūðe hē duguð
+þēaw, _knew the customs of the distinguished courtiers_, 359; so with the
+acc., 2013; seolfa ne cūðe þurh hwæt..., _he himself did not know through
+what_..., 3068; pl. sorge ne cūðon, 119; so with the acc., 180, 418, 1234.
+With both (acc. and depend. clause): nō hīe fæder cunnon (scil. nō hīe
+cunnon) hwæðer him ǣnig wæs ǣr ācenned dyrnra gāsta, 1356.--2) with inf.
+following, _can, to be able_: prs. sg. him bebeorgan ne con, _cannot defend
+himself_, 1747; prs. pl. men ne cunnon secgan, _cannot say_, 50; pret. sg.
+cūðe reccan, 90; beorgan cūðe, 1446; pret. pl. herian ne cūðon, _could not
+praise_, 182; pret. subj. healdan cūðe, 2373.
+
+cunnian, w. v., _to inquire into, to try_, w. gen. or acc.: inf. sund
+cunnian (figurative for _roam over the sea_), 1427, 1445; geongne cempan
+higes cunnian, _to try the young warrior's mind_, 2046; pret. eard cunnode,
+_tried the home_, i.e. came to it, 1501; pl. wada cunnedon, _tried the
+flood_, i.e. swam through the sea, 508.
+
+cūð, adj.: 1) _known, well known; manifest, certain_: nom. sg. undyrne cūð,
+150, 410; wīde cūð, 2924; acc. sg. fern. cūðe folme, 1304; cūðe strǣte,
+1635; nom. pl. ecge cūðe, 1146; acc. pl. cūðe næssas, 1913.--2) _renowned_:
+nom. sg. gūðum cūð, 2179; nom. pl. cystum cūðe, 868.--3) also, _friendly,
+dear, good_ (see un-cūð).--Comp.: un-, wīd-cūð.
+
+cūð-līce, adv., _openly, publicly_: comp. nō hēr cūðlīcor cuman ongunnon
+lind-hæbbende, _no shield-bearing men undertook more boldly to come hither_
+(the coast-watchman means by this the secret landing of the Vikings), 244.
+
+cwalu, st. f., _murder, fall_: in comp. dēað-cwalu.
+
+cweccan (_to make alive_, see cwic), w. v., _to move, to swing_: pret.
+cwehte mægen-wudu, _swung the wood of strength_ (= spear), 235.
+
+cweðan, st. v., _to say, to speak_: a) absolutely: prs. sg. III. cwið æt
+bēore, _speaks at beer-drinking_, 2042.--b) w. acc.: pret. word æfter cwæð,
+315; fēa worda cwæð, 2247, 2663.--c) with þæt following: pret. sg. cwæð,
+92, 2159; pl. cwǣdon, 3182.--d) with þæt omitted: pret. cwæð hē gūð-cyning
+sēcean wolde, _said he would seek out the war-king_, 199; similarly, 1811,
+2940.
+
+ā-cweðan, _to say, to speak_, w. acc.: prs. þæt word ācwyð, _speaks the
+word_, 2047; pret. þæt word ācwæð, 655.
+
+ge-cweðan, _to say, to speak_: a) absolutely: pret. sg. II. swā þū gecwǣde,
+2665.--b)w. acc.: pret. wēl-hwylc gecwæð, _spoke everything_, 875; pl. wit
+þæt gecwǣdon, 535.--c) w. þæt following: pret. gecwæð, 858, 988.
+
+cwellan, w. v., (_to make die_), _to kill, to murder_: pret. sg. II. þū
+Grendel cwealdest, 1335.
+
+ā-cwellan, _to kill_: pret. sg. (hē) wyrm ācwealde, 887; þone þe Grendel ǣr
+māne ācwealde, _whom Grendel had before wickedly murdered_, 1056; beorn
+ācwealde, 2122.
+
+cwēn, st. f.: 1) _wife, consort_ (of noble birth): nom. sg. cwēn, 62;
+(Hrōðgār's), 614, 924; (Finn's), 1154.--2) particularly denoting the queen:
+nom. sg. bēaghroden cwēn (Wealhþēow), 624; mǣru cwēn, 2017; fremu folces
+cwēn (Þrȳðo), 1933; acc. sg. cwēn (Wealhþēow), 666.-Comp. folc-cwēn.
+
+cwēn-līc, adj., _feminine, womanly_: nom. sg. ne bið swylc cwēnlīc þēaw
+(_such is not the custom of women, does not become a woman_), 1941.
+
+cwealm, st. m., _violent death, murder, destruction_: acc. sg. þone cwealm
+gewræc, _avenged the death_ (of Abel by Cain), 107; mǣndon mondryhtnes
+cwealm, _lamented the ruler's fall_, 3150.--Comp.: bealo-, dēað-,
+gār-cwealm.
+
+cwealm-bealu, st. n., _the evil of murder_: acc. sg., 1941.
+
+cwealm-cuma, w. m., _one coming for murder, a new-comer who contemplates
+murder_: acc. sg. þone cwealm-cuman (of Grendel), 793.
+
+cwic and cwico, adj., _quick, having life, alive_: acc. sg. cwicne, 793,
+2786; gen. sg. āht cwices, _something living_, 2315; nom. pl. cwice, 98;
+cwico wæs þā gēna, _was still alive_, 3094.
+
+cwide, st. m., _word, speech, saying_: in comp. gegn-, gilp-, hlēo-,
+word-cwide.
+
+cwīðan, st. v., _to complain, to lament_: inf. w. acc. ongan ... gioguðe
+cwīðan hilde-strengo, _began to lament the_ (departed) _battle-strength of
+his youth_, 2113 [ceare] cwīðan, _lament their cares_, 3173.
+
+cyme, st. m., _coming, arrival_: nom. pl. hwanan ēowre cyme syndon, _whence
+your coming is_, i. e. whence ye are, 257.--Comp. eft-cyme.
+
+cȳmlīce, adv., (convenienter), _splendidly, grandly_: comp. cȳmlīcor, 38.
+
+cyn, st. n., _race_, both in the general sense, and denoting noble lineage:
+nom. sg. Frēsena cyn, 1094; Wedera (gara, MS.) cyn, 461; acc. sg. eotena
+cyn, 421; gīganta cyn, 1691; dat. sg. Caines cynne, 107; manna cynne, 811,
+915, 1726; ēowrum (of those who desert Bēowulf in battle) cynne, 2886; gen.
+sg. manna (gumena) cynnes, 702, etc.; mǣran cynnes, 1730; lāðan cynnes,
+2009, 2355; ūsses cynnes Wǣgmundinga, 2814; gen. pl. cynna gehwylcum,
+98.--Comp.: eormen-, feorh-, frum-, gum-, man-, wyrm-cyn.
+
+cyn, st. n., _that which is suitable or proper_: gen. pl. cynna (of
+etiquette) gemyndig, 614.
+
+ge-cynde, adj., _innate, peculiar, natural_: nom. sg., 2198, 2697.
+
+cyne-dōm, st. m., _kingdom, royal dignity_: acc. sg., 2377.
+
+cyning, st. m., _king_: nom. acc. sg. cyning, II, 864, 921, etc.; kyning,
+620, 3173; dat. sg. cyninge, 3094; gen. sg. cyninges, 868, 1211; gen. pl.
+kyning[a] wuldor, of God, 666.--Comp. beorn-, eorð-, folc-, guð-, hēah-,
+lēod-, sǣ-, sōð-, þēod-, worold-, wuldor-cyning.
+
+cyning-beald, adj., "_nobly bold_" (Thorpe), _excellently brave_ (?): nom.
+pl. cyning-balde men, 1635.
+
+ge-cyssan, w. v., _to kiss_: pret. gecyste þā cyning ... þegen betstan,
+_kissed the best thane_ (Bēowulf), 1871.
+
+cyst (_choosing_, see cēosan), st. f., _the select, the best of a thing,
+good quality, excellence_: nom. sg. īrenna cyst, _of the swords_, 803,
+1698; wǣpna cyst, 1560; symbla cyst, _choice banquet_, 1233; acc. sg. īrena
+cyst, 674; dat. pl. foldwegas ... cystum cūðe, _known through excellent
+qualities_, 868; (cyning) cystum gecȳðed, 924.--Comp. gum-, hilde-cyst.
+
+cȳð. See on-cȳð.
+
+cȳðan (see cūð), w. v., _to make known, to manifest, to show_: imp. sg.
+mægen-ellen cȳð, _show thy heroic strength_, 660; inf. cwealmbealu cȳðan,
+1941; ellen cȳðan, 2696.
+
+ge-cȳðan (_to make known_, hence): 1) _to give information, to announce_:
+inf. andsware gecȳðan, _to give answer_, 354; gerund, tō gecȳðanne hwanan
+ēowre cyme syndon (_to show whence ye come_), 257; pret. part. sōð is
+gecȳðed þæt ... (_the truth has become known_, it has shown itself to be
+true), 701; Higelāce wæs sīð Bēowulfes snūde gecȳðed, _the arrival of B.
+was quickly announced_, 1972; similarly, 2325.--2) _to make celebrated_, in
+pret. part.: wæs mīn fæder folcum gecȳðed (_my father was known to
+warriors_), 262; wæs his mōdsefa manegum gecȳðed, 349; cystum gecȳðed,
+924.
+
+cȳð (properly, _condition of being known_, hence _relationship_), st. f.,
+_home, country, land_: in comp. feor-cȳð.
+
+ge-cȳpan, w. v., _to purchase_: inf. næs him ǣnig þearf þæt hē ... þurfe
+wyrsan wīgfrecan weorðe gecȳpan, _had need to buy with treasures no
+inferior warrior_, 2497.
+
+D
+
+daroð, st. m., _spear_: dat. pl. dareðum lācan (_to fight_), 2849.
+
+ge-dāl, st. n., _parting, separation_: nom. sg. his worulde gedāl, _his
+separation from the world_ (his death), 3069.--Comp. ealdor-, līf-gedāl.
+
+dæg, st. m., _day_: nom. sg. dæg, 485, 732, 2647; acc. sg. dæg, 2400;
+andlangne dæg, _the whole day_, 2116; morgenlongne dæg (_the whole
+morning_), 2895; oð dōmes dæg, _till judgment-day_, 3070; dat. sg. on þǣm
+dæge þysses līfes (eo tempore, tunc), 197, 791, 807; gen. sg. dæges, 1601,
+2321; hwīl dæges, _a day's time, a whole day_, 1496; dæges and nihtes, _day
+and night_, 2270; dæges, _by day_, 1936; dat. pl. on tȳn dagum, _in ten
+days_, 3161.--Comp. ǣr-, dēað-, ende-, ealdor-, fyrn-, geār-, lǣn-, līf-,
+swylt-, win-dæg, an-dæges.
+
+dæg-hwīl, st. f., _day-time_: acc. pl. þæt hē dæghwīla gedrogen hæfde
+eorðan wynne, _that he had enjoyed earth's pleasures during the days_
+(appointed to him), i.e. that his life was finished, 2727.--(After Grein.)
+
+dæg-rīm, st. n., _series of days, fixed number of days_: nom. sg. dōgera
+dægrīm (_number of the days of his life_), 824.
+
+dǣd, st. f., _deed, action_: acc. sg. dēorlīce dǣd, 585; dōmlēasan dǣd,
+2891; frēcne dǣde, 890; dǣd, 941; acc. pl. Grendles dǣda, 195; gen. pl.
+dǣda, 181, 479, 2455, etc.; dat. pl. dǣdum, 1228, 2437, etc.--Comp. ellen-,
+fyren-, lof-dǣd.
+
+dǣd-cēne, adj., _bold in deed_: nom. sg. dǣd-cēne mon, 1646.
+
+dǣd-fruma, w. m., _doer of deeds, doer_: nom. sg., of Grendel, 2091.
+
+dǣd-bata, w. m., _he who pursues with his deeds_: nom. sg., of Grendel,
+275.
+
+dǣdla, w. m., _doer_: in comp. mān-for-dǣdla.
+
+dǣl, st. m., _part, portion_: acc. sg. dǣl, 622, 2246, 3128; acc. pl.
+dǣlas, 1733.--Often dǣl designates the portion of a thing or of a quality
+which belongs in general to an individual, as, oð þæt him on innan
+oferhygda dǣl weaxeð, _till in his bosom his portion of arrogance
+increases_: i.e. whatever arrogance he has, his arrogance, 1741. Bīowulfe
+wearð dryhtmāðma dǣl dēaðe, forgolden, _to Bēowulf his part of the splendid
+treasures was paid with death_, i.e. whatever splendid treasures were
+allotted to him, whatever part of them he could win in the fight with the
+dragon, 2844; similarly, 1151, 1753, 2029, 2069, 3128.
+
+dǣlan, w. v., _to divide, to bestow, to share with_, w. acc.: pres. sg.
+III. mādmas dǣleð, 1757; pres. subj. þæt hē wið āglǣcean eofoðo dǣle, _that
+he bestow his strength upon_ (strive with) _the bringer of misery_ the
+drake), 2535; inf. hringas dǣlan, 1971; pret. bēagas dǣlde, 80; sceattas
+dǣlde, 1687.
+
+be-dǣlan, w. instr., _(to divide), to tear away from, to strip of_: pret.
+part. drēamum (drēame) bedǣled, _deprived of the heavenly joys_ (of
+Grendel), 722, 1276.
+
+ge-dǣlan: 1) _to distribute_: inf. (w. acc. _of the thing distributed_);
+bǣr on innan eall gedǣlan geongum and ealdum swylc him god sealde,
+_distribute therein to young and old all that God had given him_, 71.--2)
+_to divide, to separate_, with acc.: inf. sundur gedǣlan līf wið līce,
+_separate life from the body_, 2423; so pret. subj. þæt hē gedǣlde ... ānra
+gehwylces līf wið līce, 732.
+
+denn (cf. denu, dene, vallis), st. n., _den, cave_: acc. sg. þæs wyrmes
+denn, 2761; gen. sg. (draca) gewāt dennes nīosian, 3046.
+
+ge-defe, adj.: 1) (impersonal) _proper, appropriate_: nom. sg. swā hit
+gedēfe wæs (bið), _as was appropriate, proper_, 561, 1671, 3176.--2) _good,
+kind, friendly_; nom sg. bēo þū suna mīnum dǣdum gedēfe, _be friendly to my
+son by deeds_ (support my son in deed, namely, when he shall have attained
+to the government), 1228.--Comp. un-ge-dēfelīce.
+
+dēman (see dōm), w. v.: 1) _to judge, to award justly_: pres. subj. mǣrðo
+dēme, 688.--2) _to judge favorably, to praise, to glorify_: pret. pl. his
+ellenweorc duguðum dēmdon, _praised his heroic deed with all their might_,
+3176.
+
+dēmend, _judge_: dǣda dēmend (of God), 181.
+
+deal, adj., "superbus, clarus, fretus" (Grimm): nom. pl. þrȳðum dealle,
+494.
+
+dēad, adj., _dead_: nom. sg. 467, 1324, 2373; acc. sg. dēadne, 1310.
+
+dēað, st. m., _death, dying_: nom. sg, dēað, 441, 447, etc.; acc. sg. dēað,
+2169; dat. sg. dēaðe, 1389, 1590, (as instr.) 2844, 3046; gen. sg. dēaðes
+wylm, 2270; dēaðes nȳd, 2455.--Comp. gūð-, wæl-, wundor-dēað.
+
+dēað-bed, st. n., _death-bed_: dat. sg. dēað-bedde fæst, 2902.
+
+dēað-cwalu, st. f., _violent death_, _ruin and death_: dat. pl. tō
+dēað-cwalum, 1713.
+
+dēað-cwealm, st. m., _violent death, murder_: nom. sg. 1671.
+
+dēað-dæg, st. m., _death-day, dying day_: dat. sg. æfter dēað-dæge (_after
+his death_), 187, 886.
+
+dēað-fǣge, adj., _given over to death_: nom. sg. (Grendel) dēað-fǣge dēog,
+_had hidden himself, being given over to death_ (mortally wounded), 851.
+
+dēað-scūa, w. m., _death-shadow, ghostly being, demon of death_: nom. sg.
+deorc dēað-scūa (of Grendel), 160.
+
+dēað-wērig, adj., _weakened by death_, i.e. dead: acc. sg. dēað-wērigne,
+2126. See wērig.
+
+dēað-wīc, st. n. _death's house, home of death_: acc. sg. gewāt dēaðwīc
+sēon (_had died_), 1276.
+
+dēagan (O.H.G. pret. part. tougan, _hidden_), _to conceal one's self, to
+hide_: pret. (for pluperf.) dēog, 851.--Leo.
+
+deorc, adj., _dark_: of the night, nom. sg. (nihthelm) deorc, 1791; dat.
+pl. deorcum nihtum, 275, 2212; of the terrible Grendel, nom. sg. deorc
+dēað-scūa, 160.
+
+dēofol, st. m. n., _devil_: gen. sg. dēofles, 2089; gen. pl. dēofla, of
+Grendel and his troop, 757, 1681.
+
+dēogol, dȳgol, adj., _concealed, hidden, inaccessible, beyond information,
+unknown_: nom. sg. dēogol dǣdhata (of Grendel), 275; acc. sg. dȳgel lond,
+_inaccessible land_, 1358.
+
+dēop, st. n., _deep, abyss_: acc. sg., 2550.
+
+dēop, adv. _deeply_: acc. sg. dēop wæter, 509, 1905.
+
+dīope, adj., _deep_: hit oð dōmes dæg dīope benemdon þēodnas mǣre, _the
+illustrious rulers had charmed it deeply till the judgment-day, had laid a
+solemn spell upon it_, 3070.
+
+dēor, st. n., _animal, wild animal_: in comp. mere-, sǣ-dēor.
+
+dēor, adj.: 1) _wild, terrible_: nom. sg. dīor dǣd-fruma (of Grendel),
+2091.--2) _bold, brave_: nom. nǣnig ... dēor, 1934.--Comp.: heaðu-,
+hilde-dēor.
+
+dēore, dȳre, adj.: 1) _dear, costly_ (high in price): acc. sg. dȳre īren,
+2051; drincfæt dȳre (dēore), 2307, 2255; instr. sg. dēoran sweorde, 561;
+dat. sg. dēorum māðme, 1529; nom. pl. dȳre swyrd, 3049; acc. pl. dēore
+(dȳre) māðmas, 2237, 3132.--2) _dear, beloved, worthy_: nom. sg. f.,
+æðelum dīore, _worthy by reason of origin_, 1950; dat. sg. æfter dēorum
+men, 1880; gen. sg. dēorre duguðe, 488; superl. acc. sg. aldorþegn þone
+dēorestan, 1310.
+
+dēor-līc, adj., _bold, brave_: acc. sg. dēorlīce dǣd, 585. See dēor.
+
+disc, st. m., _disc, plate, flat dish_: nom. acc. pl. discas, 2776, 3049.
+
+ge-dīgan. See ge-dȳgan.
+
+dol-gilp, st. m., _mad boast, foolish pride, vain-glory, thoughtless
+audacity_: dat. sg. for dolgilpe, 509.
+
+dol-līc, adj., _audacious_: gen. pl. mǣst ... dǣda dollīcra, 2647.
+
+dol-sceaða, w. m., _bold enemy_: acc. sg. þone dol-scaðan (Grendel), 479.
+
+dōgor, st. m. n., _day_; 1) day as a period of 24 hours: gen. sg. ymb āntīd
+ōðres dōgores, _at the same time of the next day_, 219; morgen-lēoht ōðres
+dōgores, _the morning-light of the second day_, 606.--2) day in the usual
+sense: acc. sg. n. þȳs dōgor, _during this day_, 1396; instr. þȳ dōgore,
+1798; forman dōgore, 2574; gen. pl. dōgora gehwām, 88; dōgra gehwylce,
+1091; dōgera dægrim, _the number of his days_ (the days of his life),
+824.--3) _day_ in the wider sense of time: dat. pl. ufaran dōgrum, _in
+later days, times_, 2201, 2393.--Comp. ende-dōgor.
+
+dōgor-gerīm, st. n., _series of days_: gen. sg. wæs eall sceacen
+dōgor-gerīmes, _the whole number of his days_ (his life) _was past_, 2729.
+
+dōhtor, st. f., _daughter_: nom. acc. sg. dōhtor, 375, 1077, 1930, 1982,
+etc.
+
+dōm, st. m.: I., _condition, state in general_; in comp. cyne-,
+wis-dōm.--II., having reference to justice, hence: 1) _judgment, judicial
+opinion_: instr. sg. weotena dōme, _according to the judgment of the
+Witan_, 1099. 2) _custom_: æfter dōme, _according to custom_, 1721. 3)
+_court, tribunal_: gen. sg. miclan dōmes, 979; oð dōmes dæg, 3070, both
+times of the last judgment.--III., _condition of freedom_ or _superiority_,
+hence: 4) _choice, free will_: acc. sg. on sīnne sylfes dōm, _according to
+his own choice_, 2148; instr. sg. selfes dōme, 896, 2777. 5) _might,
+power_: nom. sg. dōm godes, 2859; acc. sg. Eofores ānne dōm, 2965; dat. sg.
+drihtnes dōme, 441. 6) _glory, honor, renown_: nom. sg. [dōm], 955; dōm
+unlȳtel, _not a little glory_, 886; þæt wæs forma sīð dēorum māðme þæt his
+dōm ālæg, _it was the first time to the dear treasure_ (the sword Hrunting)
+_that its fame was not made good_, 1529; acc. sg. ic mē dōm gewyrce, _make
+renown for myself_, 1492; þæt þū ne ālǣte dōm gedrēosan, _that thou let not
+honor fall_, 2667; dat. instr. sg. þǣr hē dōme forlēas, _here he lost his
+reputation_, 1471; dōme gewurðad, _adorned with glory_, 1646; gen. sg.
+wyrce sē þe mōte dōmes, _let him make himself reputation, whoever is able_,
+1389. 7) _splendor_ (in heaven): acc. sōð-fæstra dōm, _the glory of the
+saints_, 2821.
+
+dōm-lēas, adj., _without reputation, inglorious_: acc. sg. f. dōmlēasan
+dǣd, 2891.
+
+dōn, red. v., _to do, to make, to treat_: 1) absolutely: imp. dōð swā ic
+bidde, _do as I beg_, 1232.--2) w. acc.: inf. hēt hire selfre sunu on bǣl
+dōn, 1117; pret. þā hē him of dyde īsernbyrnan, _took off the iron
+corselet_, 672; (þonne) him Hūnlāfing, ... billa sēlest, on bearm dyde,
+_when he made a present to him of Hūnlāfing, the best of swords_, 1145;
+dyde him of healse hring gyldenne, _took off the gold ring from his neck_,
+2810; nē him þæs wyrmes wīg for wiht dyde, eafoð and ellen, _nor did he
+reckon as anything the drake's fighting, power, and strength_, 2349; pl. hī
+on beorg dydon bēg and siglu, _placed in the (grave-) mound rings and
+ornaments_, 3165.--3) representing preceding verbs: inf. tō Gēatum sprec
+mildum wordum! swā sceal man dōn, _as one should do_, 1173; similarly,
+1535, 2167; pres. metod eallum wēold, swā hē nū gīt dēð, _the creator ruled
+over all, as he still does_, 1059; similarly, 2471, 2860, and (sg. for pl.)
+1135; pret. II. swā þū ǣr dydest, 1677; III. swā hē nū gȳt dyde, 957;
+similarly, 1382, 1892, 2522; pl. swā hīe oft ǣr dydon, 1239; similarly,
+3071. With the case also which the preceding verb governs: wēn' ic þæt hē
+wille ... Gēatena lēode etan unforhte, swā hē oft dyde mægen Hrēðmanna, _I
+believe he will wish to devour the Gēat people, the fearless, as he often
+did_ (devoured) _the bloom of the Hrēðmen_, 444; gif ic þæt gefricge ...
+þæt þec ymbesittend egesan þȳwað, swā þec hetende hwīlum dydon, _that the
+neighbors distress thee as once the enemy did thee_ (i.e. distressed),
+1829; gif ic ōwihte mæg þīnre mōd-lufan māran tilian þonne ic gȳt dyde,
+_if I can with anything obtain thy greater love than I have yet done_,
+1825; similarly, pl. þonne þā dydon, 44.
+
+ge-dōn, _to do, to make_, with the acc. and predicate adj.: prs. (god)
+gedēð him swā gewealdene worolde dǣlas, _makes the parts of the world_
+(i.e. the whole world) _so subject that ..._, 1733; inf. nē hyne on
+medo-bence micles wyrðne drihten wereda gedōn wolde, _nor would the leader
+of the people much honor him at the mead-banquet_, 2187. With adv.: hē mec
+þǣr on innan ... gedōn wolde, _wished to place me in there_, 2091.
+
+draca, w. m., _drake, dragon_: nom. sg., 893, 2212; acc. sg. dracan, 2403,
+3132; gen. sg., 2089, 2291, 2550.--Comp.: eorð-, fȳr-, lēg-, līg-,
+nīð-draca.
+
+on-drǣdan, st. v., w. acc. of the thing and dat. of the pers., _to fear, to
+be afraid of_: inf. þæt þū him on-drǣdan ne þearft ... aldorbealu, _needest
+not fear death for them_, 1675; pret. nō hē him þā sæcce ondrēd, _was not
+afraid of the combat_, 2348.
+
+ge-dræg (from dragan, in the sense se gerere), st. n., _demeanor, actions_:
+acc. sg. sēcan dēofla gedræg, 757.
+
+drepan, st. v., _to hit, to strike_: pret. sg. sweorde drep ferhð-genīðlan,
+2881; pret. part. bið on hreðre ... drepen biteran strǣle, _struck in the
+breast with piercing arrow_, 1746; wæs in feorh dropen (_fatally hit_),
+2982.
+
+drepe, st. m., _blow, stroke_: acc. sg. drepe, 1590.
+
+drēfan, ge-drēfan, w. v., _to move, to agitate, to stir up_: inf. gewāt ...
+drēfan dēop wæter (_to navigate_), 1905; pret. part. wæter under stōd
+drēorig and gedrēfed, 1418.
+
+drēam, st. m., _rejoicing, joyous actions, joy_: nom. sg. hæleða drēam,
+497; acc. sg. drēam hlūdne, 88; þū ... drēam healdende, _thou who livest in
+rejoicing_ (at the drinking-carouse), _who art joyous_, 1228: dat. instr.
+sg. drēame bedǣled, 1276; gen. pl. drēama lēas, 851; dat. pl. drēamum (here
+adverbial) lifdon, _lived in rejoicing, joyously_, 99; drēamum bedǣled,
+722; the last may refer also to heavenly joys.--Comp. glēo-, gum-, man-,
+sele-drēam.
+
+drēam-lēas, adj., _without rejoicing, joyless_: nom. sg. of King Heremōd,
+1721.
+
+drēogan, st. v.: 1) _to lead a life, to be in a certain condition_: pret.
+drēah æfter dōme, _lived in honor, honorably_, 2180; pret. pl. fyren-þearfe
+ongeat, þæt hīe ǣr drugon aldorlēase lange hwile, _(God) had seen the great
+distress, (had seen) that they had lived long without a ruler_ (?), 15.--2)
+_to experience, to live through, to do, to make, to enjoy_: imp. drēoh
+symbelwynne, _pass through the pleasure of the meal, to enjoy the meal_,
+1783; inf. driht-scype drēogan (_do a heroic deed_), 1471; pret. sundnytte
+drēah (_had the occupation of swimming_, i.e. swam through the sea), 2361;
+pret. pl. hīe gewin drugon (_fought_), 799; hī sīð drugon, _made the way,
+went_, 1967.--3) _to experience, to bear, to suffer_: scealt werhðo
+drēogan, _shall suffer damnation_, 590; pret. þegn-sorge drēah, _bore
+sorrow for his heroes_, 131; nearoþearfe drēah, 422; pret. pl. inwidsorge
+þē hīe ǣr drugon, 832; similarly, 1859.
+
+ā-drēogan, _to suffer, to endure_: inf. wrǣc ādrēogan, 3079.
+
+ge-drēogan, _to live through, to enjoy_, pret. part. þæt hē ... gedrogen
+hæfde eorðan wynne, _that he had now enjoyed the pleasures of earth_ (i.e.
+that he was at his death), 2727.
+
+drēor, st. m., _blood dropping or flowing from wounds_: instr. sg. drēore,
+447.--Comp. heoru-, sāwul-, wæl-drēor.
+
+drēor-fāh, adj., _colored with blood, spotted with blood_: nom. sg. 485.
+
+drēorig, adj., _bloody, bleeding_: nom. sg. wæter stōd drēorig, 1418; acc.
+sg. dryhten sīnne drīorigne fand, 2790.--Comp. heoru-drēorig.
+
+ge-drēosan, st. v., _to fall down, to sink_: pres. sg. III. līc-homa lǣne
+gedrēoseð, _the body, belonging to death, sinks down_, 1755; inf. þæt þū ne
+ālǣte dōm gedrēosan, _honor fall, sink_, 2667.
+
+drincan, st. v., _to drink_ (with and without the acc.): pres. part. nom.
+pl. ealo drincende, 1946; pret. blōd ēdrum dranc, _drank the blood in
+streams_(?), 743; pret. pl. druncon wīn weras, _the men drank wine_, 1234;
+þǣr guman druncon, _where the men drank_, 1649. The pret. part., when it
+stands absolutely, has an active sense: nom. pl. druncne dryhtguman, _ye
+warriors who have drunk, are drinking_, 1232; acc. pl. nealles druncne slōg
+heorð-genēatas, _slew not his hearth-companions who had drunk with him_,
+i.e. at the banquet, 2180. With the instr. it means _drunken_: nom. sg.
+bēore (wīne) druncen, 531, 1468; nom. pl. bēore druncne, 480.
+
+drīfan, st. v., _to drive_: pres. pl. þā þe brentingas ofer flōda genipu
+feorran drīfað, _who drive their ships thither from afar over the darkness
+of the sea_, 2809; inf. (w. acc.) þēah þe hē [ne] meahte on mere drīfan
+hringedstefnan, _although he could not drive the ship on the sea_, 1131.
+
+to-drīfan, _to drive apart, to disperse_: pret. oð þæt unc flōd tōdrāf,
+545.
+
+drohtoð, st. m., _mode of living_ or _acting, calling, employment_: nom.
+sg. ne wæs his drohtoð þǣr swylce hē ǣr gemētte, _there was no employment
+for him_ (Grendel) _there such as he had found formerly_, 757.
+
+drūsian, w. v. (cf. drēosan, properly, _to be ready to fall_; here of
+water), _to stagnate, to be putrid_. pret. lagu drūsade (through the blood
+of Grendel and his mother), 1631.
+
+dryht, driht, st. f., _company, troop, band of warriors; noble band_: in
+comp. mago-driht.
+
+ge-dryht, ge-driht, st. f., _troop, band of noble warriors_: nom. sg. mīnra
+eorla gedryht, 431; acc. sg. æðelinga gedriht, 118; mid his eorla (hæleða)
+gedriht (gedryht), 357, 663; similarly, 634, 1673.--Comp. sibbe-gedriht.
+
+dryht-bearn, st. n., _youth from a noble warrior band, noble young man_:
+nom. sg. dryhtbearn Dena, 2036.
+
+dryhten, drihten, st. m., _commander, lord_: a) _temporal lord_: nom. sg.
+dryhten, 1485, 2001, etc.; drihten, 1051; dat. dryhtne, 2483, etc.;
+dryhten, 1832.--b) _God_: nom. drihten, 108, etc.; dryhten, 687, etc.; dat.
+sg. dryhtne, 1693, etc.; drihtne, 1399, etc.; gen. sg. dryhtnes, 441;
+drihtnes, 941.--Comp.: frēa-, frēo-, gum-, man-, sige-, wine-dryhten.
+
+dryht-guma, w. m., _one of a troop of warriors, noble warrior_: dat. sg.
+drihtguman, 1389; nom. pl. drihtguman, 99; dryhtguman, 1232; dat. pl. ofer
+dryhtgumum, 1791 (of Hrōðgār's warriors).
+
+dryht-līc, adj., _(that which befits a noble troop of warriors), noble,
+excellent_: dryhtlīc īren, _excellent sword_, 893; acc. sg. f. (with an
+acc. sg. n.) drihtlīce wīf (of Hildeburh), 1159.
+
+dryht-māðum, st. m., _excellent jewel, splendid treasure_: gen. pl.
+dryhtmāðma, 2844.
+
+dryht-scipe, st. m., _(lord-ship) warlike virtue, bravery; heroic deed_:
+acc. sg. drihtscype drēogan, _to do a heroic deed_, 1471.
+
+dryht-sele, st. m., _excellent, splendid hall_: nom. sg. driht-sele, 485;
+dryhtsele, 768; acc. sg. dryhtsele, 2321.
+
+dryht-sib, st. f., _peace_ or _friendship between troops of noble
+warriors_: gen. sg. dryhtsibbe, 2069.
+
+drync, st. m., _drink_: in comp. heoru-drync.
+
+drync-fæt, st. n., _vessel for drink, to receive the drink_: acc. sg.,
+2255; drinc-fæt, 2307.
+
+drysmian, w. v., _to become obscure, gloomy_ (through the falling rain):
+pres. sg. III. lyft drysmað, 1376.
+
+drysne, adj. See on-drysne.
+
+dugan, v., _to avail, to be capable, to be good_: pres. sg. III. hūru se
+aldor dēah, _especially is the prince capable_, 369; ðonne his ellen dēah,
+_if his strength avails, is good_, 573; þē him selfa dēah, _who is capable
+of himself, who can rely on himself_, 1840; pres. subj. þēah þīn wit duge,
+_though, indeed, your understanding be good, avail_, 590; similarly, 1661,
+2032; pret. sg. þū ūs wēl dohtest, _you did us good, conducted yourself
+well towards us_, 1822; similarly, nū sēo hand ligeð sē þe ēow welhwylcra
+wilna dohte, _which was helpful to each one of your desires_, 1345; pret.
+subj. þēah þū heaðorǣsa gehwǣr dohte, _though thou wast everywhere strong
+in battle_, 526.
+
+duguð (_state of being fit, capable_), st. f.: 1) _capability, strength_:
+dat. pl. for dugeðum, _in ability_(?), 2502; duguðum dēmdon, _praised with
+all their might_(?), 3176.--2) _men capable of bearing arms, band of
+warriors_, esp., _noble warriors_: nom. sg. duguð unlȳtel, 498; duguð,
+1791, 2255; dat. sg. for duguðe, _before the heroes_, 2021; nalles frætwe
+geaf ealdor duguðe, _gave the band of heroes no treasure_ (more), 2921;
+lēoda duguðe on lāst, _upon the track of the heroes of the people_, i.e.
+after them, 2946; gen. sg. cūðe hē duguðe þēaw, _the custom of the noble
+warriors_, 359; dēorre duguðe, 488; similarly, 2239, 2659; acc. pl. duguða,
+2036.--3) contrasted with geogoð, duguð designates the noted warriors of
+noble birth (as in the Middle Ages, knights in contrast with squires): so
+gen. sg. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; gehwylc ... duguðe and iogoðe, 1675;
+duguðe and geogoðe dǣl ǣghwylcne, 622.
+
+durran, v. pret. and pres. _to dare_; prs. sg. II. þū dearst bīdan, _darest
+to await_, 527; III. hē gesēcean dear, 685; pres. subj. sēc gyf þū dyrre,
+_seek_ (Grendel's mother), _if thou dare_, 1380; pret. dorste, 1463, 1469,
+etc.; pl. dorston, 2849.
+
+duru, st. f., _door, gate, wicket_: nom. sg., 722; acc. sg. [duru], 389.
+
+ge-dūfan, st. v., _to dip in, to sink into_: pret. þæt sweord gedēaf (_the
+sword sank into the drake_, of a blow), 2701.
+
+þurh-dūfan, _to dive through; to swim through, diving_: pret. wæter up
+þurh-dēaf, _swam through the water upwards_ (because he was before at the
+bottom), 1620.
+
+dwellan, w. v., _to mislead, to hinder_: prs. III. nō hine wiht dweleð, ādl
+nē yldo, _him nothing misleads, neither sickness nor age_, 1736.
+
+dyhtig, adj., _useful, good for_: nom. sg. n. sweord ... ecgum dyhtig,
+1288.
+
+dynnan, w. v., _to sound, to groan, to roar_: pret. dryhtsele (healwudu,
+hrūse) dynede, 768, 1318, 2559.
+
+dyrne, adj.: 1) _concealed, secret, retired_: nom. sg. dyrne, 271; acc. sg.
+dryhtsele dyrnne (of the drake's cave-hall), 2321.--2) _secret, malicious,
+hidden by sorcery_: dat. instr. sg. dyrnan cræfte, _with secret magic art_,
+2291; dyrnum cræfte, 2169; gen. pl. dyrnra gāsta, _of malicious spirits_
+(of Grendel's kin), 1358.--Comp. un-dyrne.
+
+dyrne, adv., _in secret, secretly_: him ...æfter dēorum men dyrne langað,
+_longs in secret for the dear man_, 1880.
+
+dyrstig, adj., _bold, daring_: þēah þe hē dǣda gehwæs dyrstig wǣre,
+_although he had been courageous for every deed_, 2839.
+
+ge-dȳgan, ge-dīgan, w. v., _to endure, to overcome_, with the acc. of the
+thing endured: pres. sg. II. gif þū þæt ellenweorc aldre gedīgest, _if thou
+survivest the heroic work with thy life_, 662; III. þæt þone hilderǣs hāl
+gedīgeð, _that he survives the battle in safety_, 300; similarly, inf.
+unfǣge gedīgan wēan and wræcsīð, 2293; hwæðer sēl mǣge wunde gedȳgan,
+_which of the two can stand the wounds better_ (come off with life), 2532;
+ne meahte unbyrnende dēop gedȳgan, _could not endure the deep without
+burning_ (could not hold out in the deep), 2550; pret. sg. I. III.
+ge-dīgde, 578, 1656, 2351, 2544.
+
+dȳgol. See dēogol.
+
+dȳre. See dēore.
+
+E
+
+ecg, st. f., _edge of the sword, point_: nom. sg. sweordes ecg, 1107; ecg,
+1525, etc.; acc. sg. wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstōd, _defended the
+entrance against point and edge_ (i.e. against spear and sword), 1550;
+mēces ecge, 1813; nom. pl. ecge, 1146.--_Sword, battle-axe, any cutting
+weapon_: nom. sg. ne wæs ecg bona (_not the sword killed him_), 2507; sīo
+ecg brūn (Bēowulf's sword Nægling), 2578; hyne ecg fornam, _the sword
+snatched him away_, 2773, etc.; nom. pl. ecga, 2829; dat. pl. æscum and
+ecgum, 1773; dat. pl. (but denoting only one sword) ēacnum ecgum, 2141;
+gen. pl. ecga, 483, 806, 1169;--_blade_: ecg wæs īren, 1460.--Comp.: brūn-,
+heard-, stȳl-ecg, adj.
+
+ecg-bana, w. m., _murderer by the sword_: dat. sg. Cain wearð tō ecg-banan
+āngan brēðer, 1263.
+
+ecg-hete, st. m., _sword-hate, enmity which the sword carries out_: nom.
+sg., 84, 1739.
+
+ecg-þracu, st. f., _sword-storm_ (of violent combat): acc. atole ecg-þræce,
+597.
+
+ed-hwyrft, st. m., _return_ (of a former condition): þā þǣr sōna wearð
+edhwyrft eorlum, siððan inne fealh Grendles mōdor (i.e. after Grendel's
+mother had penetrated into the hall, the former perilous condition, of the
+time of the visits of Grendel, returned to the men), 1282.
+
+ed-wendan, w. v., _to turn back, to yield, to leave off_: inf. gyf him
+edwendan ǣfre scolde bealuwa bisigu, _if for him the affliction of evil
+should ever cease_, 280.
+
+ed-wenden, st. f., _turning, change_: nom. sg. edwenden, 1775; ed-wenden
+torna gehwylces (_reparation for former neglect_), 2189.
+
+edwīt-līf, st. n., _life in disgrace_: nom. sg., 2892.
+
+efn, adj., _even, like_, with preceding on, and with depend. dat., _upon
+the same level, near_: him on efn ligeð ealdorgewinna, _lies near him_,
+2904.
+
+efnan (see æfnan) w. v., _to carry out, to perform, to accomplish_: pres.
+subj. eorlscype efne (_accomplish knightly deeds_), 2536; inf. eorlscipe
+efnan, 2623; sweorda gelāc efnan (_to battle_), 1042; gerund. tō efnanne,
+1942; pret. eorlscipe efnde, 2134, 3008.
+
+efne, adv., _even, exactly, precisely, just_, united with swā or swylc:
+efne swā swīðe swā, _just so much as_, 1093; efne swā sīde swā, 1224; wæs
+se gryre lǣssa efne swā micle swā, _by so much the less as ..._, 1284;
+lēoht inne stōd efne swā ... scīneð, _a gleam stood therein_ (in the sword)
+_just as when ... shines_, 1572; efne swā hwylc mægða swā þone magan cende
+(_a woman who has borne such a son_), 944; efne swā hwylcum manna swā him
+gemet þūhte, _to just such a man as seemed good to him_, 3058; efne swylce
+mǣla swylce ... þearf gesǣlde, _just at the times at which necessity
+commanded it_, 1250.
+
+efstan, w. v., _to be in haste, to hasten_: inf. uton nū efstan, _let us
+hurry now_, 3102; pret. efste mid elne, _hastened with heroic strength_,
+1494.
+
+eft, adv.: l) _thereupon, afterwards_: 56, 1147, 2112, 3047, etc.; eft sōna
+bið, _then it happens immediately_, 1763; bōt eft cuman, _help come again_,
+281.--2) _again, on the other side_: þæt hine on ylde eft gewunigen
+wilgesīðas, _that in old age again_ (also on their side) _willing
+companions should be attached to him_, 22;--_anew, again_: 135, 604, 693,
+1557, etc.; eft swā ǣr, _again as formerly_, 643.--3) retro, rursus,
+_back_: 123, 296, 854, etc.; þæt hig æðelinges eft ne wēndon (_did not
+believe that he would come back_), 1597.
+
+eft-cyme, st. m., _return_: gen. sg. eftcymes, 2897.
+
+eft-sīð, st. m., _journey back, return_: acc. sg. 1892; gen. sg. eft-sīðes
+georn, 2784; acc. pl. eftsīðas tēah, _went the road back_, i.e. returned,
+1333.
+
+egesa, egsa (_state of terror_, active or passive): l) _frightfulness_:
+acc. sg. þurh egsan, 276; gen. egesan ne gȳmeð, _cares for nothing
+terrible, is not troubled about future terrors_(?), 1758.--2) _terror,
+horror, fear_: nom. sg. egesa, 785; instr. sg. egesan, 1828, 2737.--Comp.:
+glēd-, līg-, wæter-egesa.
+
+eges-full, adj., _horrible (full of fear, fearful)_, 2930.
+
+eges-līc, adj., _terrible, bringing terror_: of Grendel's head, 1650; of
+the beginning of the fight with the drake, 2310; of the drake, 2826.
+
+egle, adj., _causing aversion, hideous_: nom. pl. neut., or, more probably,
+perhaps, adverbial, egle (MS. egl), 988.
+
+egsian (denominative from egesa), w. v., _to have terror, distress_: pret.
+(as pluperf.) egsode eorl(?), 6.
+
+ehtian, w. v., _to esteem, to make prominent with praise_: III. pl. pres.
+þæt þē ... weras ehtigað, _that thee men shall esteem, praise_, 1223.
+
+elde (_those who generate_, cf. O.N. al-a, generare), st. m. only in the
+pl., _men_: dat. pl. eldum, 2215; mid eldum, _among men_, 2612.--See ylde.
+
+eldo, st. f., _age_: instr. sg. eldo gebunden, 2112.
+
+el-land, st. n., _foreign land, exile_: acc. sg. sceall ... elland tredan,
+(_shall be banished_), 3020.
+
+ellen, st. n., _strength, heroic strength, bravery_: nom. sg. ellen, 573;
+eafoð and ellen, 903; Gēata ... eafoð and ellen, 603; acc. sg. eafoð and
+ellen, 2350; ellen cȳðan, _show bravery_, 2696; ellen fremedon, _exercised
+heroic strength, did heroic deeds_, 3; similarly, ic gefremman sceal eorlīc
+ellen, 638; ferh ellen wræc, _life drove out the strength_, i.e. with the
+departing life (of the dragon) his strength left him, 2707; dat. sg. on
+elne, 2507, 2817; as instr. þā wæs æt þām geongum grim andswaru ēðbegēte
+þām þe ǣr his elne forlēas, _then it was easy for_ (every one of) _those
+who before had lost his hero-courage, to obtain rough words from the young
+man_ (Wīglāf), 2862; mid elne, 1494, 2536; elne, alone, in adverbial sense,
+_strongly, zealously_, and with the nearly related meaning, _hurriedly,
+transiently_, 894, 1098, 1968, 2677, 2918; gen. sg. elnes læt, 1530; þā him
+wæs elnes þearf, 2877.--Comp. mægen-ellen.
+
+ellen-dǣd, st. f., _heroic deed_: dat. pl. -dǣdum, 877, 901.
+
+ellen-gǣst, st. m., _strength-spirit, demon with heroic strength_: nom. sg.
+of Grendel, 86.
+
+ellen-līce, adv., _strongly, with heroic strength_, 2123.
+
+ellen-mǣrðu, st. f., _renown of heroic strength_, dat. pl. -mǣrðum, 829,
+1472.
+
+ellen-rōf, adj., _renowned for strength_: nom. sg. 340, 358, 3064; dat. pl.
+-rōfum, 1788.
+
+ellen-sēoc, adj., _infirm in strength_: acc. sg. þēoden ellensīocne (_the
+mortally wounded king, Bēowulf_), 2788.
+
+ellen-weorc, st. n., (_strength-work_), _heroic deed, achievement in
+battle_: acc. sg. 662, 959, 1465, etc.; gen. pl. ellen-weorca, 2400.
+
+elles, adv., _else, otherwise_: a (modal), _in another manner_, 2521.--b
+(local), elles hwǣr, _somewhere else_, 138; elles hwergen, 2591.
+
+ellor, adv., _to some other place_, 55, 2255.
+
+ellor-gāst, -gǣst, st. m., _spirit living elsewhere_ (standing outside of
+the community of mankind): nom. sg. se ellorgāst (Grendel), 808; (Grendel's
+mother), 1622; ellorgǣst (Grendel's mother), 1618; acc. pl. ellorgǣstas,
+1350.
+
+ellor-sīð, st. m., _departure, death_: nom. sg. 2452.
+
+elra, adj. (comparative of a not existing form, ele, Goth. aljis, alius),
+_another_: dat. sg. on elran men, 753.
+
+el-þēodig, adj., _of another people: foreign_: acc. pl. el-þēodige men,
+336.
+
+ende, st. m., _the extreme_: hence, 1) _end_: nom. sg. aldres (līfes) ende,
+823, 2845; oð þæt ende becwōm (scil. unrihtes), 1255; acc. sg. ende
+līfgesceafta (līfes, lǣn-daga), 3064, 1387, 2343; hæfde eorðscrafa ende
+genyttod, _had used the end of the earth-caves_ (had made use of the caves
+for the last time), 3047; dat. sg. ealdres (līfes) æt ende, 2791, 2824;
+eoletes æt ende, 224.--2) _boundary_: acc. sg. sīde rīce þæt hē his selfa
+ne mæg ... ende geþencean, _the wide realm, so that he himself cannot
+comprehend its boundaries_, 1735.--3) _summit, head_: dat. sg. eorlum on
+ende, _to the nobles at the end_ (the highest courtiers), 2022.--Comp.
+woruld-ende.
+
+ende-dæg, st. m., _last day, day of death_: nom. sg. 3036; acc. sg. 638.
+
+ende-dōgor, st. m., _last day, day of death_: gen. sg. bēga on wēnum
+endedōgores and eftcymes lēotes monnes (_hesitating between the belief in
+the death and in the return of the dear man_), 2897.
+
+ende-lāf, st. f., _last remnant_: nom. sg. þū eart ende-lāf ūsses cynnes,
+_art the last of our race_, 2814.
+
+ende-lēan, st. n., _final reparation_: acc. sg. 1693.
+
+ende-sǣta, w. m., _he who sits on the border, boundary-guard_: nom. sg.
+(here of the strand-watchman), 241.
+
+ende-stæf, st. m. (elementum finis), _end_: acc. sg. hit on endestæf eft
+gelimpeð, _then it draws near to the end_, 1754.
+
+ge-endian, w. v., _to end_: pret. part. ge-endod, 2312.
+
+enge, adj., _narrow_: acc. pl. enge ānpaðas, _narrow paths_, 1411.
+
+ent, st. m., _giant_: gen. pl. enta ǣr-geweorc (the sword-hilt out of the
+dwelling-place of Grendel), 1680; enta geweorc (the dragon's cave), 2718;
+eald-enta ǣr-geweorc (the costly things in the dragon's cave), 2775.
+
+entisc, adj., _coming from giants_: acc. sg. entiscne helm, 2980.
+
+etan, st. v., _to eat, to consume_: pres. sg. III. blōdig wæl ... eteð
+ān-genga, _he that goes alone_ (Grendel) _will devour the bloody corpse_,
+448; inf. Gēatena lēode ... etan, 444.
+
+þurh-etan, _to eat through_: pret. part. pl. nom. swyrd ... þurhetone,
+_swords eaten through_ (by rust), 3050.
+
+Ē
+
+ēc. See ēac.
+
+ēce, adj., _everlasting_; nom. ēce drihten (God), 108; acc. sg. ēce
+eorðreced, _the everlasting earth-hall_ (the dragon's cave), 2720; gecēas
+ēcne rǣd, _chose the everlasting gain_ (died), 1202; dat. sg. ēcean
+dryhtne, 1693, 1780, 2331; acc. pl. gecēos ēce rǣdas, 1761.
+
+ēdre. See ǣdre.
+
+ēð-begēte, adj., _easy to obtain, ready_: nom. sg. þā wæs æt þām geongum
+grim andswaru ēð-begēte, _then from the young man_ (Wīglāf) _it was an easy
+thing to get a gruff answer_, 2862.
+
+ēðe. See ēaðe.
+
+ēðel, st. m., _hereditary possessions, hereditary estate_: acc. sg. swǣsne
+ēðel, 520; dat. sg. on ēðle, 1731.--In royal families the hereditary
+possession is the whole realm: hence, acc. sg. ēðel Scyldinga, _of the
+kingdom of the Scyldings_, 914; (Offa) wīsdōme hēold ēðel sīnne, _ruled
+with wisdom his inherited kingdom_, 1961.
+
+ēðel-riht, st. n., _hereditary privileges_ (rights that belong to a
+hereditary estate): nom. sg. eard ēðel-riht, _estate and inherited
+privileges_, 2199.
+
+ēðel-stōl, st. m., _hereditary seat, inherited throne_: acc. pl.
+ēðel-stōlas, 2372.
+
+ēðel-turf, st. f., _inherited ground, hereditary estate_: dat. sg. on mīnre
+ēðeltyrf, 410.
+
+ēðel-weard, st. m., _lord of the hereditary estate_ (realm): nom. sg.
+ēðelweard (_king_), 1703, 2211; dat. sg. Ēast-Dena ēðel wearde (King
+Hrōðgār), 617.
+
+ēðel-wyn, st. f., _joy in_, or _enjoyment of, hereditary possessions_: nom.
+sg. nū sceal ... eall ēðelwyn ēowrum cynne, lufen ālicgean, _now shall your
+race want all home-joy, and subsistence_(?) (your race shall be banished
+from its hereditary abode), 2886; acc. sg. hē mē lond forgeaf, eard
+ēðelwyn, _presented me with land, abode, and the enjoyment of home_, 2494.
+
+ēð-gesȳne, ȳð-gesēne, adj., _easy to see, visible to all_: nom. sg. 1111,
+1245.
+
+ēg-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: acc. sg. ofer ēg-clif (ecg-clif, MS.), 2894.
+
+ēg-strēam, st. m., _sea-stream, sea-flood_: dat. pl. on ēg-strēamum, _in
+the sea-floods_, 577. See ēagor-strēam.
+
+ēhtan (M.H.G. ǣchten; cf. ǣht and ge-æhtla), w. v. w. gen., _to be a
+pursuer, to pursue_: pres. part. ǣglǣca ēhtende wæs duguðe and geogoðe,
+159; pret. pl. ēhton āglǣcan, _they pursued the bringer of sorrow_
+(Bēowulf)(?), 1513.
+
+ēst, st. m. f., _favor, grace, kindness_: acc. sg. hē him ēst getēah mēara
+and māðma (_honored him with horses and jewels_), 2166; gearwor hæfde
+āgendes ēst ǣr gescēawod, _would rather have seen the grace of the Lord_
+(of God) _sooner_, 3076.--dat. pl., adverbial, libenter: him on folce
+hēold, ēstum mid āre, 2379; ēstum geȳwan (_to present_), 2150; him wæs ...
+wunden gold ēstum geēawed (_presented_), 1195; wē þæt ellenweorc ēstum
+miclum fremedon, 959.
+
+ēste, adj., _gracious_: w. gen. ēste bearn-gebyrdo, _gracious through the
+birth_ (of such a son as Bēowulf), 946.
+
+EA
+
+eafoð, st. n., _power, strength_: nom, sg. eafoð and ellen, 603, 903; acc.
+sg. eafoð and ellen, 2350; wē frēcne genēðdon eafoð uncūðes, _we have
+boldly ventured against the strength of the enemy_ (Grendel) _have
+withstood him_, 961; gen. sg. eafoðes cræftig, 1467; þæt þec ādl oððe ecg
+eafoðes getwǣfed, _shall rob of strength_, 1764; dat. pl. hine mihtig god
+... eafeðum stēpte, _made him great through strength_, 1718.
+
+eafor, st. m., _boar_; here the image of the boar as banner: acc. sg.
+eafor, 2153.
+
+eafora (_offspring_), w. m.: 1) _son_: nom. sg. eafera, 12, 898; eafora,
+375; acc. sg. eaferan, 1548, 1848; gen. sg. eafera, 19; nom. pl. eaferan,
+2476; dat. pl. eaferum, 1069, 2471; uncran eaferan, 1186.--2) in broader
+sense, _successor_: dat. pl. eaforum, 1711.
+
+eahta, num., _eight_: acc. pl. eahta mēaras, 1036; ēode eahta sum, _went as
+one of eight, with seven others_, 3124.
+
+eahtian, w. v.: 1) _to consider; to deliberate_: pret. pl. w. acc. rǣd
+eahtedon, _consulted about help_, 172; pret. sg. (for the plural) þone
+sēlestan þāra þe mid Hrōðgāre hām eahtode, _the best one of those who with
+Hrōðgār deliberated about their home_ (ruled), 1408.--2) _to speak with
+reflection of_ (along with the idea of praise): pret. pl. eahtodan
+eorlscipe, _spoke of his noble character_, 3175.
+
+eal, eall, adj., _all, whole_: nom. sg. werod eall, 652; pl. eal bencþelu,
+486; sg. eall ēðelwyn, 2886; eal worold, 1739, etc.; þæt hit wearð eal
+gearo, healærna mǣst, 77; þæt hit (wīgbil) eal gemealt, 1609. And with a
+following genitive: þǣr wæs eal geador Grendles grāpe, _there was all
+together Grendel's hand, the whole hand of Grendel_, 836; eall ... lissa,
+_all favor_, 2150; wæs eall sceacen dōgorgerīmes, 2728. With apposition:
+þūhte him eall tō rūm, wongas and wīcstede, 2462; acc. sg. bēot eal, 523;
+similarly, 2018, 2081; oncȳððe ealle, _all distress_, 831; heals ealne,
+2692; hlǣw ... ealne ūtan-weardne, 2298; gif hē þæt eal gemon, 1186, 2428;
+þæt eall geondseh, recedes geatwa, 3089; ealne wīde-ferhð, _through the
+whole wide life, through all time_, 1223; instr. sg. ealle mægene, _with
+all strength_, 2668; dat. sg. eallum ... manna cynne, 914; gen. sg. ealles
+moncynnes, 1956. Subst. ic þæs ealles mæg ... gefēan habban, 2740; brūc
+ealles well, 2163; frēan ealles þanc secge, _give thanks to the Lord of
+all_, 2795; nom. pl. untȳdras ealle, 111; scēotend ... ealle, 706; wē
+ealle, 942; acc. pl. fēond ealle, 700; similarly, 1081, 1797, 2815; subst.
+ofer ealle, 650; ealle hīe dēað fornam, 2237; līg ealle forswealg þāra þe
+þǣr gūð fornam, _all of those whom the war had snatched away_, 1123; dat.
+pl. eallum ceaster-būendum, 768; similarly, 824, 907, 1418; subst. āna wið
+eallum, _one against all_, 145; with gen. eallum gumena cynnes, 1058; gen.
+pl. æðelinga bearn ealra twelfa, _the kinsmen of all twelve nobles_ (twelve
+nobles hold the highest positions of the court), 3172; subst. hē āh ealra
+geweald, _has power over all_, 1728.
+
+Uninflected: bil eal þurhwōd flǣschoman, _the battle-axe cleft the body
+through and through_, 1568; hæfde ... eal gefeormod fēt and folma, _had
+devoured entirely feet and hands_, 745; sē þe eall geman gār-cwealm gumena,
+_who remembers thoroughly the death of the men by the spear_, 2043, etc.
+
+Adverbial: þēah ic eal mǣge, _although I am entirely able_, 681; hī on
+beorg dydon bēg and siglu eall swylce hyrsta, _they placed in the
+grave-mound rings, and ornaments, all such adornments_, 3165.--The gen. sg.
+ealles, adverbial in the sense of _entirely_, 1001, 1130.
+
+eald, adj., _old_: a) of the age of living beings: nom. sg. eald, 357,
+1703, 2211, etc.; dat. sg. ealdum, 2973; gen. sg. ealdes ūhtflogan
+(_dragon_), 2761; dat. sg. ealdum, 1875; geongum and ealdum, 72.--b) of
+things and of institutions: nom. sg. helm monig eald and ōmig, 2764; acc.
+sg. ealde lāfe (_sword_), 796, 1489; ealde wīsan, 1866; eald sweord, 1559,
+1664, etc.; eald gewin, _old_ (lasting years), _distress_, 1782; eald enta
+geweorc (_the precious things in the drake's cave_), 2775; acc. pl. ealde
+māðmas, 472; ofer ealde riht, _against the old laws_ (namely, the Ten
+Commandments; Bēowulf believes that God has sent him the drake as a
+punishment, because he has unconsciously, at some time, violated one of the
+commandments), 2331.
+
+yldra, compar. _older_: mīn yldra mǣg, 468; yldra brōðor, 1325; oð þæt hē
+(Heardrēd) yldra wearð, 2379.
+
+yldesta, superl. _oldest_, in the usual sense; dat. sg. þām yldestan, 2436;
+in a moral sense, _the most respected_: nom. sg. se yldesta, 258; acc. sg.
+þone yldestan, 363, both times of Bēowulf.
+
+eald-fæder, st. m., _old-father, grandfather, ancestor_: nom. sg. 373.
+
+eald-gesegen, st. f., _traditions from old times_: gen. pl. eal-fela
+eald-gesegena, _very many of the old traditions_, 870.
+
+eald-gesīð, st. m., _companion ever since old times, courtier for many
+years_: nom. pl. eald-gesīðas, 854.
+
+eald-gestrēon, st. n., _treasure out of the old times_: dat. pl.
+eald-gestrēonum, 1382; gen. pl. -gestrēona, 1459.
+
+eald-gewinna, w. m., _old-enemy, enemy for many years_: nom. sg. of
+Grendel, 1777.
+
+eald-gewyrht, st. n., _merit on account of services rendered during many
+years_: nom. pl. þæt nǣron eald-gewyrht, þæt hē āna scyle gnorn þrowian,
+_that has not been his desert ever since long ago, that he should bear the
+distress alone_, 2658.
+
+eald-hlāford, st. m., _lord through many years_: gen. sg. bill
+eald-hlāfordes (of the old Bēowulf(?)), 2779.
+
+eald-metod, st. m., _God ruling ever since ancient times_: nom. sg. 946.
+
+ealdor, aldor, st. m., _lord, chief_ (king or powerful noble): nom. sg.
+ealdor, 1645, 1849, 2921; aldor, 56, 369, 392; acc. sg. aldor, 669; dat.
+sg. ealdre, 593; aldre, 346.
+
+ealdor, aldor, st. n., _life_: acc. sg. aldor, 1372; dat. sg. aldre, 1448,
+1525; ealdre, 2600; him on aldre stōd herestrǣl hearda (in vitalibus),
+1435; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not troubled about his life_, 1443; of
+ealdre gewāt, _went out of life, died_, 2625; as instr. aldre, 662, 681,
+etc.; ealdre, 1656, 2134, etc.; gen. sg. aldres, 823; ealdres, 2791, 2444;
+aldres orwēna, _despairing of life_, 1003, 1566; ealdres scyldig, _having
+forfeited life_, 1339, 2062; dat. pl. aldrum nēðdon, 510, 538.--Phrases: on
+aldre (_in life_), _ever_, 1780; tō aldre (_for life_), _always_, 2006,
+2499; āwa tō aldre, _for ever and ever_, 956.
+
+ealdor-bealu, st. n., _life's evil_: acc. sg. þū ... ondrǣdan ne þearft ...
+aldorbealu eorlum, _thou needest not fear death for the courtiers_, 1677.
+
+ealdor-cearu, st. f., _trouble that endangers life, great trouble_: dat.
+sg. hē his lēodum wearð ... tō aldor-ceare, 907.
+
+ealdor-dagas, st. m. pl., _days of one's life_: dat. pl. nǣfre on
+aldor-dagum (_never in his life_), 719; on ealder-dagum ǣr (_in former
+days_), 758.
+
+ealdor-gedāl, st. n., _severing of life, death, end_: nom. sg. aldor-gedāl,
+806.
+
+ealdor-gewinna, w. m., _life-enemy, one who strives to take his enemy's
+life_ (in N.H.G. the contrary conception, Tod-feind): nom. sg.
+ealdorgewinna (_the dragon_), 2904.
+
+ealdor-lēas, adj., _without a ruler_(?): nom. pl. aldor-lēase, 15.
+
+ealdor-lēas, adj., _lifeless, dead_: acc. sg. aldor-lēasne, 1588;
+ealdor-lēasne, 3004.
+
+ealdor-þegn, st. m., _nobleman at the court, distinguished courtier_: acc.
+sg. aldor-þegn (Hrōðgār's confidential adviser, Æschere), 1309.
+
+eal-fela, adj., _very much_: with following gen., eal-fela eald-gesegena,
+_very many old traditions_, 870; eal-fela eotena cynnes, 884.
+
+ealgian, w. v., _to shield, to defend, to protect_: inf. w. acc. feorh
+ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; pret. siððan hē (Hygelāc) under segne sinc
+eal-gode, wælrēaf werede, _while under his banner he protected the
+treasures, defended the spoil of battle_ (i.e. while he was upon the Viking
+expeditions), 1205.
+
+eal-gylden, adj., _all golden, entirely of gold_: nom. sg. swȳn ealgylden,
+1112; acc. sg. segn eallgylden, 2768.
+
+eal-īrenne, adj., _entirely of iron_: acc. sg. eall-īrenne wīgbord, _a
+wholly iron battle-shield_, 2339.
+
+ealu, st. n., _ale, beer_: acc. sg. ealo drincende, 1946.
+
+ealu-benc, st. f., _ale-bench, bench for those drinking ale_: dat. sg. in
+ealo-bence, 1030; on ealu-bence, 2868.
+
+ealu-scerwen, st. f., _terror_, under the figure of a mishap at an
+ale-drinking, probably the sudden taking away of the ale: nom. sg. Denum
+eallum wearð ... ealuscerwen, 770.
+
+ealu-wǣge, st. n., _ale-can, portable vessel out of which ale is poured
+into the cups_: acc. sg. 2022; hroden ealowǣge, 495; dat. sg. ofer ealowǣge
+(_at the ale-carouse_), 481.
+
+eal-wealda, w. adj., _all ruling_ (God): nom. sg. fæder alwalda, 316;
+alwalda, 956, 1315; dat. sg. al-wealdan, 929.
+
+eard, st. m., _cultivated ground, estate, hereditary estate_; in a broader
+sense, _ground in general, abode, place of sojourn_: nom. sg. him wæs bām
+... lond gecynde, eard ēðel-riht, _the land was bequeathed to them both,
+the land and the privileges attached to it._ 2199; acc. sg. fīfel-cynnes
+eard, _the ground of the giant race, place of sojourn_, 104; similarly,
+ælwihta eard, 1501; eard gemunde, _thought of his native ground, his home_,
+1130; eard gīt ne const, _thou knowest not yet the place of sojourn._ 1378;
+eard and eorlscipe, _prǣdium et nobilitatem_, 1728; eard ēðelwyn, _land and
+the enjoyment of home_, 2494; dat. sg. ellor hwearf of earde, _went
+elsewhere from his place of abode_, i.e. died, 56; þæt wē rondas beren eft
+tō earde, _that we go again to our homes_, 2655; on earde, 2737; nom. pl.
+ēacne eardas, _the broad expanses_ (in the fen-sea where Grendel's home
+was), 1622.
+
+eardian, w. v.: 1) _to have a dwelling-place, to live; to rest_: pret. pl.
+dȳre swyrd swā hīe wið eorðan fæðm þǣr eardodon, _costly swords, as they
+had rested in the earth's bosom_, 3051.--2) also transitively, _to
+inhabit_: pret. sg. Heorot eardode, 166; inf. wīc eardian elles hwergen,
+_inhabit a place elsewhere_ (i.e. die), 2590.
+
+eard-lufa, w. m., _the living upon one's land, home-life_: acc. sg.
+eard-lufan, 693.
+
+earfoð, st. n., _trouble, difficulty, struggle_: acc. pl. earfeðo, 534.
+
+earfoð-līce, adv., _with trouble, with difficulty_, 1637, 1658; _with
+vexation, angrily_, 86; _sorrowfully_, 2823; _with difficulty, scarcely_,
+2304, 2935.
+
+earfoð-þrāg, st. f., _time full of troubles, sorrowful time_: acc. sg.
+-þrāge, 283.
+
+earh, adj., _cowardly_: gen. sg. ne bið swylc earges sīð (_no coward
+undertaken that_), 2542.
+
+earm, st. m., _arm_: acc. sg. earm, 836, 973; wið earm gesæt, _supported
+himself with his arm_, 750; dat. pl. earmum, 513.
+
+earm, adj., _poor, miserable, unhappy_: nom. sg. earm, 2369; earme ides,
+_the unhappy woman_, 1118; dat. sg. earmre teohhe, _the unhappy band_,
+2939.--Comp. acc. sg. earmran mannan, _a more wretched, more forsaken man_,
+577.
+
+earm-bēag, st. m., _arm-ring, bracelet_: gen. pl. earm-bēaga fela searwum
+gesǣled, _many arm-rings interlaced_, 2764.
+
+earm-hrēad, st. f., _arm-ornament_. nom. pl. earm-hrēade twā, 1195 (Grein's
+conjecture, MS. earm reade).
+
+earm-līc, adj., _wretched, miserable_: nom. sg. sceolde his ealdor-gedāl
+earmlīc wurðan, _his end should be wretched_, 808.
+
+earm-sceapen, pret. part. as adj. (_properly, wretched by the decree of
+fate_), _wretched_: nom. sg. 1352.
+
+earn, st. m., _eagle_: dat. sg. earne, 3027.
+
+eatol. See atol.
+
+eaxl, st. f., _shoulder_: acc. sg. eaxle, 836, 973; dat. sg. on eaxle, 817,
+1548; be eaxle, 1538; on eaxle ides gnornode, _the woman sobbed on the
+shoulder_ (of her son, who has fallen and is being burnt), 1118; dat. pl.
+sæt frēan eaxlum nēah, _sat near the shoulders of his lord_ (Bēowulf lies
+lifeless upon the earth, and Wīglāf sits by his side, near his shoulder, so
+as to sprinkle the face of his dead lord), 2854; hē for eaxlum gestōd
+Deniga frēan, _he stood before the shoulders of the lord of the Danes_
+(i.e. not directly before him, but somewhat to the side, as etiquette
+demanded), 358.
+
+eaxl-gestealla, w. m., _he who has his position at the shoulder_ (sc. of
+his lord), _trusty courtier, counsellor of a prince_: nom. sg. 1327; acc.
+pl. -gesteallan, 1715.
+
+ĒA
+
+ēac, conj., _also_: 97, 388, 433, etc.; ēc, 3132.
+
+ēacen (pret. part. of a not existing eacan, augere), adj., _wide-spread_,
+_large_: nom. pl. ēacne eardas, _broad plains_, 1622.--_great, heavy_: eald
+sweord ēacen, 1664; dat. pl. ēacnum ecgum, 2141, both times of the great
+sword in Grendel's habitation.--_great, mighty, powerful_: æðele and ēacen,
+of Bēowulf, 198.
+
+ēacen-cræftig, adj., _immense_ (of riches), _enormously great_: acc. sg.
+hord-ærna sum ēacen-cræftig, _that enormous treasure-house_, 2281; nom. sg.
+þæt yrfe ēacen-cræftig, iūmonna gold, 3052.
+
+ēadig, adj., _blessed with possessions, rich, happy by reason of property_:
+nom. sg. wes, þenden þū lifige, æðeling ēadig, _be, as long as thou livest,
+a prince blessed with riches_, 1226; ēadig mon, 2471.--Comp. sige-, sigor-,
+tīr-ēadig.
+
+ēadig-līce, adv., _in abundance, in joyous plenty_: drēamum lifdon
+ēadiglīce, _lived in rejoicing and plenty_, 100.
+
+ēaðe, ēðe, ȳðe, adj., _easy, pleasant_: nom. pl. gode þancedon þæs þe him
+ȳð-lāde ēaðe wurdon, _thanked God that the sea-ways_ (the navigation) _had
+become easy to them_, 228; ne wæs þæt ēðe sīð, _no pleasant way_, 2587; næs
+þæt ȳðe cēap, _no easy purchase_, 2416; nō þæt ȳðe byð tō beflēonne, _not
+easy_ (as milder expression for _in no way, not at all_), 1003.
+
+ēaðe, ȳðe, adv., _easily_. ēaðe, 478, 2292, 2765.
+
+ēað-fynde, adj., _easy to find_: nom. sg. 138.
+
+ēage, w. n., _eye_: dat. pl. him of ēagum stōd lēoht unfǣger, _out of his
+eyes came a terrible gleam_, 727; þæt ic ... ēagum starige, _see with eyes,
+behold_, 1782; similarly, 1936; gen. pl. ēagena bearhtm, 1767.
+
+ēagor-strēam, st. m., _sea-stream sea_: acc. sg. 513.
+
+ēa-land, st. n., _land surrounded by water_ (of the land of the Gēatas):
+acc. sg. ēa-lond, 2335; _island_.
+
+ēam, st. m., _uncle, mothers brother_: nom. sg. 882.
+
+ēastan, adv., _from the east_, 569.
+
+ēawan, w. v., _to disclose, to show, to prove_: pres. sg. III. ēaweð ...
+uncūðne nīð, _shows evil enmity_, 276. See ēowan, ȳwan.
+
+ge-ēawan, _to show, to offer_: pret. part. him wæs ... wunden gold ēstum
+ge-ēawed, _was graciously presented_, 1195.
+
+EO
+
+ēode. See gangan.
+
+eodor, st. m., _fence, hedge, railing_. Among the old Germans, an estate
+was separated by a fence from the property of others. Inside of this fence
+the laws of peace and protection held good, as well as in the house itself.
+Hence eodor is sometimes used instead of _house_: acc. pl. heht eahta
+mēaras on flet tēon, in under eoderas, _gave orders to lead eight steeds
+into the hall, into the house_, 1038.--2) figuratively, _lord, prince_, as
+protector: nom. sg. eodor, 428, 1045; eodur, 664.
+
+eofoð, st. n., _strength_: acc. pl. eofoðo, 2535. See eafoð.
+
+eofer, st. m.: 1) _boar_, here of the metal boar-image upon the helmet:
+nom. sg. eofer īrenheard, 1113.--2) figuratively, _bold hero, brave
+fighter_ (O.N. iöfur): nom. pl. þonne ... eoferas cnysedan, _when the
+heroes rushed upon each other_, 1329, where eoferas and fēðan stand in the
+same relation to each other as cnysedan and hniton.
+
+eofor-līc, st. n. _boar-image_ (on the helmet): nom. pl. eofor-līc scionon,
+303.
+
+eofor-sprēot, st. m., _boar-spear_: dat. pl. mid eofer-sprēotum
+hēoro-hōcyhtum, _with hunting-spears which were provided with sharp hooks_,
+1438.
+
+eoguð, ioguð. See geogoð.
+
+eolet, st. m. n., _sea_(?): gen. sg. eoletes, 224.
+
+eorclan-stān, st. m., _precious stone_: acc. pl. -stānas, 1209.
+
+eorð-cyning, st. m., _king of the land_: gen. sg. eorð-cyninges (Finn),
+1156.
+
+eorð-draca, w. m., _earth-drake, dragon that lives in the earth_: nom. sg.
+2713, 2826.
+
+eorðe, w. f.: 1) _earth_ (in contrast with heaven), _world_: acc. sg.
+ælmihtiga eorðan worhte, 92; wīde geond eorðan, _far over the earth,
+through the wide world_, 266; dat. sg. ofer eorðan, 248, 803; on eorðan,
+1823, 2856, 3139; gen. sg. eorðan, 753.--2) _earth, ground_: acc. sg. hē
+eorðan gefēoll, _fell to the ground_, 2835; forlēton eorla gestrēon eorðan
+healdan, _let the earth hold the nobles' treasure_, 3168; dat. sg. þæt hit
+on eorðan læg, 1533; under eorðan, 2416; gen. sg. wið eorðan fæðm (_in the
+bosom of the earth_), 3050.
+
+eorð-reced, st. n., _hall in the earth, rock-hall_: acc. sg. 2720.
+
+eorð-scræf, st. n., _earth-cavern, cave_: dat. sg. eorð-[scræfe], 2233;
+gen. pl. eorð-scræfe, 3047.
+
+eorð-sele, st. m., _hall in the earth, cave_: acc. sg. eorð-sele, 2411; dat
+sg. of eorðsele, 2516.
+
+eorð-weall, st. m., _earth-wall_: acc. sg. (Ongenþēow) bēah eft under
+eorðweall, _fled again under the earth-wall_ (into his fortified camp),
+2958; þā mē wæs ... sīð ālȳfed inn under eorðweall, _then the way in,
+under the earth-wall was opened to me_ (into the dragon's cave), 3091.
+
+eorð-weard, st. m., _land-property, estate_: acc. sg. 2335.
+
+eorl, st. m., _noble born man, a man of the high nobility_: nom. sg. 762,
+796, 1229, etc.; acc. sg. eorl, 573, 628, 2696; gen. sg. eorles, 690, 983,
+1758, etc.; acc. pl. eorlas, 2817; dat. pl. eorlum, 770, 1282, 1650, etc.;
+gen. pl. eorla, 248, 357, 369, etc.--Since the king himself is from the
+stock of the eorlas, he is also called eorl, 6, 2952.
+
+eorl-gestrēon, st. n., _wealth of the nobles_: gen. pl. eorl-gestrēona ...
+hardfyrdne dǣl, 2245.
+
+eorl-gewǣde, st. n., _knightly dress, armor_: dat. pl. -gewǣdum, 1443.
+
+eorlīc (i.e. eorl-līc), adj., _what it becomes a noble born man to do,
+chivalrous_: acc. sg. eorlīc ellen, 638.
+
+eorl-scipe, st. m., _condition of being noble born, chivalrous nature,
+nobility_: acc. sg. eorl-scipe, 1728, 3175; eorl-scipe efnan, _to do
+chivalrous deeds_, 2134, 2536, 2623, 3008.
+
+eorl-weorod, st. n., _followers of nobles_: nom. sg. 2894.
+
+eormen-cyn, st. n., _very extensive race, mankind_: gen. sg. eormen-cynnes,
+1958.
+
+eormen-grund, st. m., _immensely wide plains, the whole broad earth_: acc.
+sg. ofer eormen-grund, 860.
+
+eormen-lāf, st. f., _enormous legacy_: acc. sg. eormen-lāfe æðelan cynnes
+(_the treasures of the dragon's cave_) 2235.
+
+eorre, adj., _angry, enraged_: gen. sg. eorres, 1448.
+
+eoton, st. m.: 1) _giant_: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel), 762; dat. sg.
+uninflected, eoton (Grendel), 669; nom. pl. eotenas, 112.--2) Eotens,
+subjects of Finn, the N. Frisians: 1073, 1089, 1142; dat. pl. 1146. See
+List of Names, p. 114.
+
+eotonisc, adj., _gigantic, coming from giants_: acc. sg. eald sweord
+eotenisc (eotonisc), 1559, 2980, (etonisc, MS.) 2617.
+
+ĒO
+
+ēored-geatwe, st. f. pl., _warlike adornments_: acc. pl., 2867.
+
+ēowan, w. v., _to show, to be seen_: pres. sg. III. ne gesacu ōhwǣr,
+ecghete ēoweð, _nowhere shows itself strife, sword-hate_, 1739. See ēawan,
+ȳwan.
+
+ēower: 1) gen. pl. pers. pron., vestrum: ēower sum, _that one of you_
+(namely, Bēowulf), 248; fǣhðe ēower lēode, _the enmity of the people of
+you_ (of your people), 597; nis þæt ēower sīð ... nefne mīn ānes, 2533.--2)
+poss. pron., _your_, 251, 257, 294, etc.
+
+F
+
+ge-fandian, -fondian, w. v., _to try, to search for, to find out, to
+experience_: w. gen. pret. part. þæt hæfde gumena sum goldes gefandod,
+_that a man had discovered the gold_, 2302; þonne se ān hafað þurh deāðes
+nȳd dǣda gefondad, _now the one_ (Herebeald) _has with death's pang
+experienced the deeds_ (the unhappy bow-shot of Hæðcyn), 2455.
+
+fara, w. m., _farer, traveller_: in comp. mere-fara.
+
+faran, st. v., _to move from one place to another, to go, to wander_: inf.
+tō hām faran, _to go home_, 124; lēton on geflīt faran fealwe mēaras, _let
+the fallow horses go in emulation_, 865; cwōm faran flotherge on Frēsna
+land, _had come to Friesland with a fleet_, 2916; cōm lēoda dugoðe on lāst
+faran, _came to go upon the track of the heroes of his people_, i.e. to
+follow them, 2946; gerund wǣron æðelingas eft tō lēodum fūse tō farenne,
+_the nobles were ready to go again to their people_, 1806; pret. sg. gegnum
+fōr [þā] ofer myrcan mōr, _there had_ (Grendel's mother) _gone away over
+the dark fen_, 1405; sǣgenga fōr, _the seafarer_ (the ship) _drove along_,
+1909; (wyrm) mid bǣle fōr, (the dragon) _fled away with fire_, 2309; pret.
+pl. þæt ... scawan scīrhame tō scipe fōron, _that the visitors in
+glittering attire betook themselves to the ship_, 1896.
+
+gefaran, _to proceed, to act_: inf. hū se mānsceaða under fǣrgripum gefaran
+wolde, _how he would act in his sudden attacks_, 739.
+
+ūt faran, _to go out_: w. acc. lēt of brēostum ... word ūt faran, _let
+words go out of his breast, uttered words_, 2552.
+
+faroð, st. m., _stream, flood of the sea, shore, strand, edge_: dat. sg. tō
+brimes faroðe, 28; æfter faroðe, _with the stream_, 580; æt faroðe, 1917.
+
+faru, st. f., _way, passage, expedition_: in comp. ād-faru.
+
+fācen-stæf (elementum nequitiae), st. m., _wickedness, treachery, deceit_.
+acc. pl. fācen-stafas, 1019.
+
+fāh, fāg, adj., _many-colored, variegated, of varying color_ (especially
+said of the color of gold, of bronze, and of blood, in which the beams of
+light are refracted): nom. sg. fāh (_covered with blood_), 420; blōde fāh,
+935; ātertānum fāh (sc. īren) [This is the MS reading; emmended to
+ātertēarum in text--KTH], 1460; sadol searwum fāh (_saddle artistically
+ornamented with gold_), 1039; sweord swāte fāh, 1287; brim blōde fāh, 1595;
+wældrēore fāg, 1632; (draca) fȳrwylmum fāh (_because he spewed flame_),
+2672; sweord fāh and fǣted, 2702; blōde fāh, 2975; acc. sg. drēore fāhne,
+447; goldsele fǣttum fāhne, 717; on fāgne flōr treddode, _trod the shining
+floor_ (of Heorot), 726; hrōf golde fāhne, _the roof shining with gold_,
+928; nom. pl. eoforlīc ... fāh and fȳr-beard, 305; acc. pl. þā hilt since
+fāge, 1616; dat. pl. fāgum sweordum, 586.--Comp. bān-, blōd-, brūn-,
+drēor-, gold-, gryre-, searo-, sinc-, stān-, swāt-, wæl-, wyrm-fāh.
+
+fāh, fāg, fā, adj.: 1) _hostile_: nom. sg. fāh fēond-scaða, 554; hē wæs fāg
+wið god (Grendel), 812; acc. sg. fāne (_the dragon_), 2656; gen. pl. fāra,
+578, 1464.--2) _liable to pursuit, without peace, outlawed_: nom. sg. fāg,
+1264; māne fāh, _outlawed through crime_, 979; fyren-dǣdum fāg,
+1002.--Comp. nearo-fāh.
+
+fāmig-heals, adj., _with foaming neck_: nom. sg. flota fāmig-heals, 218;
+(sǣgenga) fāmig-heals, 1910.
+
+fæc, st. n., _period of time_: acc. sg. lȳtel fæc, _during a short time_,
+2241.
+
+fæder, st. m., _father_: nom. sg. fæder, 55, 262, 459, 2609; of God, 1610;
+fæder alwalda, 316; acc. sg. fæder, 1356; dat. sg. fæder, 2430; gen. sg.
+fæder, 21, 1480; of God, 188--Comp.: ǣr, eald-fæder.
+
+fædera, w. m., _father's brother_ in comp. suhter-gefæderan.
+
+fæder-æðelo, st. n. pl., _paternus principatus_ (?): dat. pl. fæder-æðelum,
+912.
+
+fæderen-mǣg, st. m., _kinsman descended from the same father,
+co-descendant_: dat. sg. fæderen-mǣge, 1264.
+
+fæðm, st. m.: 1) _the outspread, encircling arms_: instr. pl. fēondes
+fæð[mum], 2129.--2) _embrace, encircling_: nom. sg. līges fæðm, 782; acc.
+sg. in fȳres fæðm, 185.--3) _bosom, lap_: acc. sg. on foldan fæðm, 1394;
+wið eorðan fæðm, 3050; dat. pl. tō fæder (God's) fæðmum, 188.--4) _power,
+property_: acc. in Francna fæðm, 1211.--Cf. sīd-fæðmed, sīð-fæðme.
+
+fæðmian, w. v., _to embrace, to take up into itself_: pres. subj. þæt minne
+līchaman ... glēd fæðmie, 2653; inf. lēton flōd fæðmian frætwa hyrde, 3134.
+
+ge-fæg, adj., _agreeable, desirable_ (Old Eng., fawe, _willingly_): comp.
+ge-fægra, 916.
+
+fægen, adj., _glad, joyous_: nom. pl. ferhðum fægne, _the glad at heart_,
+1634.
+
+fæger, fǣger, adj., _beautiful, lovely_: nom. sg. fǣger fold-bold, 774;
+fæger foldan bearm, 1138; acc. sg. freoðoburh fægere, 522; nom. pl. þǣr him
+fold-wegas fægere þūhton, 867.--Comp. un-fǣger.
+
+fægere, fægre, adv., _beautifully, well, becomingly, according to
+etiquette_: fægere geþǣgon medoful manig, 1015; þā wæs flet-sittendum
+fægere gereorded, _becomingly the repast was served_, 1789; Higelāc ongan
+... fægre fricgean, 1986; similarly, 2990.
+
+fær, st. n., _craft, ship_: nom. sg., 33.
+
+fæst, adj., _bound, fast_: nom. sg. bið se slǣp tō fæst, 1743; acc. sg.
+frēondscipe fæstne, 2070; fæste frioðuwǣre, 1097.--The prep. on stands to
+denote the where or wherein: wæs tō fæst on þām (sc. on fǣhðe and fyrene),
+137; on ancre fæst, 303. Or, oftener, the dative: fēond-grāpum fæst,
+_(held) fast in his antagonist's clutch_, 637; fȳrbendum fæst, _fast in
+the forged hinges_, 723; handa fæst, 1291, etc.; hygebendum fæst (beorn him
+langað), _fast (shut) in the bonds of his bosom, the man longs for_ (i.e.
+in secret), 1879.--Comp: ār-, blǣd-, gin-, sōð-, tīr-, wīs-fæst.
+
+fæste, adv., _fæst_ 554, 761, 774, 789, 1296.--Comp. fæstor, 143.
+
+be-fæstan, w. v., _to give over_: inf. hēt Hildeburh hire selfre sunu
+sweoloðe befæstan, _to give over to the flames her own son_, 1116.
+
+fæsten, st. n., _fortified place, or place difficult of access_: acc. sg.
+lēoda fæsten, _the fastness of the Gēatas_ (with ref. to 2327, 2334; fæsten
+(Ongenþēow's castle or fort), 2951; fæsten (Grendel's house in the
+fen-sea), 104.
+
+fæst-rǣd, adj., _firmly resolved_: acc. sg. fæst-rǣdne geþōht, _firm
+determination_, 611.
+
+fæt, st. m., _way, journey_: in comp. sīð-fæt.
+
+fæt, st. n., _vessel; vase, cup_: acc. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, _the
+(drinking-) vessels of men of old times_, 2762.--Comp.: bān-, drync-,
+māððum-, sinc-, wundor-fæt.
+
+fǣge, adj.: 1) _forfeited to death, allotted to death by fate_: nom. sg.
+fǣge, 1756, 2142, 2976; fǣge and ge-flȳmed, 847; fūs and fǣge, 1242; acc.
+sg. fǣgne flǣsc-homan, 1569; dat. sg. fǣgum, 2078; gen. sg. fǣges,
+1528.--2) _dead_: dat. pl. ofer fǣgum (_over the warriors fallen in the
+battle_), 3026.--Comp.: dēað-, un-fǣge.
+
+fǣhð (_state of hostility_, see fāh), st. f., _hostile act, feud, battle_:
+nom. sg. fǣhð, 2404, 3062; acc. sg. fǣhðe, 153, 459, 470, 596, 1334, etc.;
+also of the unhappy bowshot of the Hrēðling, Hæðcyn, by which he killed his
+brother, 2466; dat. sg. fore fǣhðe and fyrene, 137; nalas for fǣhðe mearn
+(_did not recoil from the combat_), 1538; gen. sg, ne gefeah hē þǣre fǣhðe,
+109; gen. pl. fǣhða gemyndig, 2690.--Comp. wæl-fǣhð.
+
+fǣhðo, st. f., same as above: nom. sg. sīo fǣhðo, 3000; acc. fǣhðo, 2490.
+
+fǣlsian, w. v., _to bring into a good condition, to cleanse_: inf. þæt ic
+mōte ... Heorot fǣlsian (from the plague of Grendel), 432; pret. Hrōðgāres
+... sele fǣlsode, 2353.
+
+ge-fǣlsian, w. v., same as above: pret. part. hæfde gefǣlsod ... sele
+Hrōðgāres, 826; Heorot is gefǣlsod, 1177; wǣron ȳð-gebland eal gefǣlsod,
+1621.
+
+fǣmne, w. f., _virgin, recens nupta_: dat. sg. fǣmnan, 2035; gen. sg.
+fǣmnan, 2060, both times of Hrōðgār's daughter Frēaware.
+
+fǣr, st. m., _sudden, unexpected attack_: nom. sg. (attack upon Hnæf's band
+by Finn's), 1069, 2231.
+
+fǣr-gripe, st. m., _sudden, treacherous gripe, attack_: nom. sg. fǣr-gripe
+flōdes, 1517; dat. pl. under fǣrgripum, 739.
+
+fǣr-gryre, st. m., _fright caused by a sudden attack_: dat. pl. wið
+fǣr-gryrum (against the inroads of Grendel into Heorot), 174.
+
+fǣringa, adv., _suddenly, unexpectedly_, 1415, 1989.
+
+fǣr-nīð, st. m., _hostility with sudden attacks_: gen. pl. hwæt mē Grendel
+hafað ... fǣrnīða gefremed, 476.
+
+fǣt, st. n. (?), _plate, sheet of metal_, especially _gold plate_ (Dietrich
+Hpt. Ztschr. XI. 420): dat. pl. gold sele ... fǣttum fāhne, _shining with
+gold plates_ (the walls and the inner part of the roof were partly covered
+with gold), 717; sceal se hearda helm hyrsted golde fǣtum befeallen (sc.
+wesan), _the gold ornaments shall fall away from it_, 2257.
+
+fǣted, fǣtt, part., _ornamented with gold beaten into plate-form_: gen. sg.
+fǣttan goldes, 1094, 2247; instr. sg. fǣttan golde, 2103. Elsewhere,
+_covered, ornamented with gold plate_: nom. sg. sweord ... fǣted, 2702;
+acc. sg. fǣted wǣge, 2254, 2283; acc. pl. fǣtte scyldas, 333; fǣtte bēagas,
+1751.
+
+fǣted-hlēor, adj., phaleratus gena (Dietr.): acc. pl. eahta mēaras
+fǣted-hlēore (_eight horses with bridles covered with plates of gold_),
+1037.
+
+fǣt-gold, st. n., _gold in sheets_ or _plates_: acc. sg., 1922.
+
+feðer-gearwe, st. f. pl. _(feather-equipment), the feathers of the shaft of
+the arrow_: dat. (instr.) pl. sceft feðer-gearwum fūs, 3120.
+
+fel, st. n., _skin, hide_: dat. pl. glōf ... gegyrwed dracan fellum, _made
+of the skins of dragons_, 2089.
+
+fela, I., adj. indecl., _much, many_: as subst.: acc. sg. fela fricgende,
+2107. With worn placed before: hwæt þū worn fela ... ymb Brecan sprǣce,
+_how very much you spoke about Breca_, 530.--With gen. sg.: acc. sg. fela
+fyrene, 810; wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426; worna fela sorge, 2004; tō fela micles
+... Denigea lēode, _too much of the race of the Danes_, 695; uncūðes fela,
+877; fela lāðes, 930; fela lēofes and lāðes, 1061.--With gen. pl.: nom. sg.
+fela mādma, 36; fela þǣra wera and wīfa, 993, etc.; acc. sg. fela missēra,
+153; fela fyrena, 164; ofer landa fela, 311; māððum-sigla fela (falo, MS.),
+2758; nē mē swōr fela āða on unriht, _swore no false oaths_, 2739, etc.;
+worn fela māðma, 1784; worna fela gūða, 2543.--Comp. eal-fela.
+
+II., adverbial, _very_, 1386, 2103, 2951.
+
+fela-hrōr, adj., valde agitatus, _very active against the enemy, very
+warlike_, 27.
+
+fela-mōdig, adj., _very courageous_: gen. pl. -mōdigra, 1638, 1889.
+
+fela-synnig, adj., _very criminal, very guilty_: acc. sg. fela-sinnigne
+secg (in MS., on account of the alliteration, changed to simple sinnigne),
+1380.
+
+fēolan, st. v., _to betake one's self into a place, to conceal one's self_:
+pret. siððan inne fealh Grendles mōdor (in Heorot), 1282; þǣr inne fealh
+secg syn-bysig (in the dragon's cave), 2227.--_to fall into, undergo,
+endure_: searonīðas fealh, 1201.
+
+æt-fēolan, w. dat., insistere, adhǣrere: pret. nō ic him þæs georne ætfealh
+_(held him not fast enough_, 969.
+
+fen, st. n., _fen, moor_: acc. sg. fen, 104; dat. sg. tō fenne, 1296;
+fenne, 2010.
+
+fen-freoðo, st. f., _refuge in the fen_: dat. sg. in fen-freoðo, 852.
+
+feng, st. m., _gripe, embrace_: nom. sg. fȳres feng, 1765; acc. sg. fāra
+feng (of the hostile sea-monsters), 578.--Comp. inwit-feng.
+
+fengel (probably _he who takes possession_, cf. tō fōn, 1756, and fōn tō
+rīce, _to enter upon the government_), st. m., _lord, prince, king_: nom.
+sg. wīsa fengel, 1401; snottra fengel, 1476, 2157; hringa fengel, 2346.
+
+fen-ge-lād, st. n., _fen-paths, fen with paths_: acc. pl. frēcne fengelād
+(_fens difficult of access_), 1360.
+
+fen-hlið, st. n., _marshy precipice_: acc. pl. under fen-hleoðu, 821.
+
+fen-hop, st. n., _refuge in the fen_: acc. pl. on fen-hopu, 765.
+
+ferh, st. m. n., _life_; see feorh.
+
+ferh, st. m., _hog, boar_, here of the boar-image on the helmet: nom. sg.,
+305.
+
+ferhð, st. m., _heart, soul_: dat. sg. on ferhðe, 755, 949, 1719; gehwylc
+hiora his ferhðe trēowde, þæt ..., _each of them trusted to his_
+(Hunferð's) _heart, that_ ..., 1167; gen. sg. ferhðes fore-þanc, 1061; dat.
+pl. (adverbial) ferhðum fægne, _happy at heart_, 1634; þæt mon ... ferhðum
+frēoge, _that one ... heartily love_, 3178.--Comp.: collen-, sarig-,
+swift-, wide-ferhð.
+
+ferhð-frec, adj., _having good courage, bold, brave_: acc. sg. ferhð-frecan
+Fin, 1147.
+
+ferhð-genīðla, w. m., _mortal enemy_: acc. sg. ferhð-genīðlan, of the
+drake, 2882.
+
+ferian, w. v. w. acc., _to bear, to bring, to conduct_: pres. II. pl.
+hwanon ferigeað fǣtte scyldas, 333; pret. pl. tō scypum feredon eal
+ingesteald eorðcyninges, 1155; similarly, feredon, 1159, 3114.
+
+æt-ferian, _to carry away, to bear off_: pret. ic þæt hilt þanan fēondum
+ætferede, 1669.
+
+ge-ferian, _bear, to bring, to lead_: pres. subj. I. pl. þonne (wē)
+geferian frēan ūserne, 3108; inf. geferian ... Grendles hēafod, 1639; pret.
+þæt hī ūt geferedon dȳre māðmas, 3131; pret. part. hēr syndon geferede
+feorran cumene ... Gēata lēode, _men of the Gēatas, come from afar, have
+been brought hither_ (by ship), 361.
+
+oð-ferian, _to tear away, to take away_: pret. sg. I. unsōfte þonan feorh
+oð-ferede, 2142.
+
+of-ferian, _to carry off, to take away, to tear away_: pret. ōðer swylc ūt
+offerede, _took away another such_ (sc. fifteen), 1584.
+
+fetel-hilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_, with the gold chains fastened to it: acc.
+(sg. or pl.?), 1564. (See "Leitfaden f. nord. Altertumskunde," pp.45, 46.)
+
+fetian, w. v., _to bring near, bring_: pres. subj. nāh hwā ... fe[tige]
+fǣted wǣge, _bring the gold-chased tankard_, 2254; pret. part. hraðe wæs tō
+būre Bēowulf fetod, 1311.
+
+ge-fetian, _to bring_: inf. hēt þā eorla hlēo in gefetian Hrēðles lāfe,
+_caused Hrēðel's sword to be brought_, 2191.
+
+ā-fēdan, w. v., _to nourish, to bring up_: pret. part. þǣr hē āfēded wæs,
+694.
+
+fēða (O.H.G. fendo), w. m.: 1) _foot-soldiers_: nom. pl. fēðan, 1328,
+2545.--2) collective in sing., _band of foot-soldiers, troop of warriors_:
+nom. fēða eal gesæt, 1425; dat. on fēðan, 2498, 2920.--Comp. gum-fēða.
+
+fēðe, st. n., _gait, going, pace_: dat. sg. wæs tō foremihtig fēond on
+fēðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (i.e. could flee too fast), 971.
+
+fēðe-cempa, w. m., _foot-soldier_: nom. sg., 1545, 2854.
+
+fēðe-gæst, st. m., _guest coming on foot_: dat. pl. fēðe-gestum, 1977.
+
+fēðe-lāst, st. m., _signs of going, footprint_: dat. pl. fērdon forð þonon
+fēðe-lāstum, _went forth from there upon their trail_, i.e. by the same way
+that they had gone, 1633.
+
+fēðe-wīg, st. m., _battle on foot_: gen. sg. nealles Hetware hrēmge þorfton
+(sc. wesan) fēðe-wīges, 2365.
+
+fēl (= fēol), st. f. _file_: gen. pl. fēla lāfe, _what the files have left
+behind_ (that is, the swords), 1033.
+
+fēran, w. v., iter (A.S. fōr) facere, _to come, to go, to travel_: pres.
+subj. II. pl. ǣr gē ... on land Dena furður fēran, _ere you go farther into
+the land of the Danes_, 254; inf. fēran on frēan wǣre (_to die_), 27;
+gewiton him þā fēran (_set out upon their way_), 301; mǣl is mē tō fēran,
+316; fēran ... gang scēawigan, _go, so as to see the footprints_, 1391;
+wīde fēran, 2262; pret. fērdon folctogan ... wundor scēawian, _the princes
+came to see the wonder_, 840; fērdon forð, 1633.
+
+ge-fēran: 1) adire, _to arrive at_: pres. subj. þonne eorl ende gefēre
+līfgesceafta, _reach the end of life_, 3064; pret. part. hæfde ǣghwæðer
+ende gefēred lǣnan līfes, _frail life's end had both reached_, 2845.--2)
+_to reach, to accomplish, to bring about_: pret. hafast þū gefēred þæt ...,
+1222, 1856.--3) _to behave one's self, to conduct one's self_: pret. frēcne
+gefērdon, _had shown themselves daring_, 1692.
+
+feal, st. m., _fall_: in comp. wæl-feal.
+
+feallan, st. v., _to fall, to fall headlong_: inf. feallan, 1071; pret. sg.
+þæt hē on hrūsan ne fēol, _that it_ (the hall) _did not fall to the
+ground_, 773; similarly, fēoll on foldan, 2976; fēoll on fēðan (dat. sg.),
+_fell in the band_ (of his warriors), 2920; pret. pl. þonne walu fēollon,
+1043.
+
+be-feallen, pret. part. w. dat. or instr., _deprived of, robbed_: frēondum
+befeallen, _robbed of friends_, 1127; sceal se hearda helm ... fǣtum
+befeallen (sc. wesan), _be robbed of its gold mountings_ (the gold mounting
+will fall away from it moldering), 2257.
+
+ge-feallan, _to fall, to sink down_: pres. sg. III. þæt se līc-homa ...
+fǣge gefealleð, _that the body doomed to die sinks down_, 1756.--Also, with
+the acc. of the place whither: pret. meregrund gefēoll, 2101; hē eorðan
+gefēoll, 2835.
+
+fealu, adj., _fallow, dun-colored, tawny_: acc. sg. ofer fealone flōd
+(_over the sea_), 1951; fealwe strǣte (with reference to 320, 917; acc. pl.
+lēton on geflīt faran fealwe mēaras, 866.--Comp. æppel-fealo.
+
+feax, st. n., _hair, hair of the head_: dat. sg. wæs be feaxe on flet boren
+Grendles hēafod, _was carried by the hair into the hall_, 1648; him ...
+swāt ... sprong forð under fexe, _the blood sprang out under the hair of
+his head_, 2968.--Comp.: blonden-, gamol-, wunden-feax.
+
+ge-fēa, w. m., _joy_: acc. sg. þǣre fylle gefēan, _joy at the abundant
+repast_, 562; ic þæs ealles mæg ... gefēan habban (_can rejoice at all
+this_), 2741.
+
+fēa, adj., _few_ dat. pl. nemne fēaum ānum, _except some few_, 1082; gen.
+pl. fēara sum, _as one of a few, with a few_, 1413; fēara sumne, _one of a
+few (some few)_, 3062. With gen. following: acc. pl. fēa worda cwæð, _spoke
+few words_, 2663, 2247.
+
+fēa-sceaft, adj., _miserable, unhappy, helpless_: nom. sg. syððan ǣrest
+wearð fēasceaft funden, 7; fēasceaft guma (Grendel), 974; dat. sg.
+fēasceaftum men, 2286; Ēadgilse ... fēasceaftum, 2394; nom. pl. fēasceafte
+(the Gēatas robbed of their king, Hygelāc), 2374.
+
+feoh, fēo, st. n., (_properly cattle, herd_) here, _possessions, property,
+treasure_: instr. sg. ne wolde ... feorh-bealo fēo þingian, _would not
+allay life's evil for treasure_ (tribute), 156; similarly, þā fǣhðe fēo
+þingode, 470; ic þē þā fǣhðe fēo lēanige, 1381.
+
+ge-feohan, ge-fēon, st. v. w. gen. and instr., _to enjoy one's self, to
+rejoice at something_: a) w. gen.: pret. sg. ne gefeah hē þǣre fǣhðe, 109;
+hilde gefeh, beado-weorces, 2299; pl. fylle gefǣgon, _enjoyed themselves at
+the bounteous repast_, 1015; þēodnes gefēgon, _rejoiced at_ (the return of)
+_the ruler_, 1628.--b) w. instr.: niht-weorce gefeh, ellen-mǣrðum, 828;
+secg weorce gefeh, 1570; sǣlāce gefeah, mægen-byrðenne þāra þe hē him mid
+hæfde, _rejoiced at the gift of the sea, and at the great burden of that_
+(Grendel's head and the sword-hilt) _which he had with him_, 1625.
+
+feoh-gift, -gyft, st. f., _bestowing of gifts_ or _treasures_: gen. sg.
+þǣre feoh-gyfte, 1026; dat. pl. æt feohgyftum, 1090; fromum feohgiftum,
+_with rich gifts_, 21.
+
+feoh-lēas, adj., _that cannot be atoned for through gifts_: nom. sg. þæt
+wæs feoh-lēas gefeoht, _a deed of arms that cannot be expiated_ (the
+killing of his brother by Hæðcyn), 2442.
+
+ge-feoht, st. n., _combat; warlike deed_: nom. sg. (the killing of his
+brother by Hæðcyn), 2442; dat. sg. mēce þone þīn fader tō gefeohte bær,
+_the sword which thy father bore to the combat_, 2049.
+
+ge-feohtan, st. v., _to fight_: inf. w. acc. ne mehte ... wīg Hengeste wiht
+gefeohtan (_could by no means offer Hengest battle_), 1084.
+
+feohte, w. f., _combat_: acc. sg. feohtan, 576, 960. See were-fyhte.
+
+feor, adj., _far, remote_: nom. sg. nis þæt feor heonon, 1362; næs him feor
+þanon tō gesēcanne sinces bryttan, 1922; acc. sg. feor eal (_all that is
+far, past_), 1702.
+
+feor, adv., _far, far away_: a) of space, 42, 109, 809, 1806, 1917; feor
+and (oððe) nēah, _far and (or) near_, 1222, 2871; feorr, 2267.--b) of time:
+gē feor hafað fǣhðe gestǣled (_has placed us under her enmity henceforth_),
+1341.
+
+Comparative, fyr, feorr, and feor: fyr and fæstor, 143; fyr, 252; feorr,
+1989; feor, 542.
+
+feor-būend, pt., _dwelling far away_: nom. pl. gē feor-būend, 254.
+
+feor-cȳð, st. f., _home of those living far away, distant land_: nom, pl.
+feor-cȳððe bēoð sēlran gesōhte þǣm þe him selfa dēah, _foreign lands are
+better sought by him who trusts to his own ability_, 1839.
+
+feorh, ferh (Goth. fairhvu-s, _world_), st. m. and n., _life, principle of
+life, soul_: nom. sg. feorh, 2124; nō þon lange wæs feorh æðelinges flǣsce
+bewunden, _not for much longer was the soul of the prince enveloped in the
+body_ (he was near death), 2425; ferh ellen wræc, _life expelled the
+strength_ (i.e. with the departing life the strength disappeared also),
+2707; acc. sg. feorh ealgian, 797, 2656, 2669; feorh gehealdan, _preserve
+his life_, 2857; feorh ālegde, _gave up his life_, 852; similarly, ǣr hē
+feorh seleð, 1371; feorh oðferede, _tore away her life_, 2142; oð þæt hīe
+forlǣddan tō þām lindplegan swǣse gesīðas ond hyra sylfra feorh, _till in
+an evil hour they carried into battle their dear companions and their
+lives_ (i.e. led them to their death), 2041; gif þū þīn feorh hafast, 1850;
+ymb feorh sacan (_to fight for life_), 439; wæs in feorh dropen, _was
+wounded into his life_, i.e. mortally, 2982; wīdan feorh, as temporal acc.,
+_through a wide life_, i.e. always, 2015; dat. sg. fēore, 1294, 1549; tō
+wīdan feore, _for a wide life_, i.e. at all times, 934; on swā geongum
+feore (_at a so youthful age_), 1844; as instr., 578, 3014; gen. sg.
+fēores, 1434, 1943; dat. pl. būton ... feorum gumena, 73; frēonda fēorum,
+1307.--Also, _body, corpse_: þā wæs heal hroden fēonda fēorum (_the hall
+was covered with the slain of the enemy_), 1153; gehwearf þā in Francna
+fæðm feorh cyninges, _then the body of the king_ (Hygelāc) _fell into the
+power of the Franks_, 1211. --Comp. geogoð-feorh.
+
+feorh-bana, w. m., _(life-slayer), man-slayer, murderer_: dat. sg.
+feorh-bonan, 2466.
+
+feorh-ben, st. f., _wound that takes away life, mortal wound_: dat.
+(instr.) pl. feorh-bennum sēoc, 2741.
+
+feorh-bealu, st. n., _evil destroying life, violent death_: nom. sg., 2078,
+2251, 2538; acc. sg., 156.
+
+feorh-cyn, st. n., _race of the living, mankind_: gen. pl. fela
+feorh-cynna, 2267.
+
+feorh-genīðla, w. m., _he who seeks life, life's enemy_ (N.H.G. Tod-feind),
+_mortal enemy_: acc. sg. -genīðlan, 1541; dat. sg. -genīðlan, 970; acc. sg.
+brǣgd feorh-genīðlan, 1541; acc. pl. folgode feorh-genīðlan, (Ongenþēow)
+_pursued his mortal enemies_, 2934.
+
+feorh-lagu, st. f., _the life allotted to anyone, life determined by fate_:
+acc. sg. on māðma hord mine (mīnne, MS.) bebohte frōde feorh-lege, _for the
+treasure-hoard I sold my old life_, 2801.
+
+feorh-lāst, st. m., _trace of (vanishing) life, sign of death _: acc. pl.
+feorh-lāstas bær, 847.
+
+feorh-sēoc, adj., _mortally wounded_: nom. sg., 821.
+
+feorh-sweng, st. m., _(stroke robbing of life), fatal blow_: acc. sg.,
+2490.
+
+feorh-wund, st. f., _mortal wound, fatal injury_: acc. sg. feorh-wunde
+hlēat, 2386.
+
+feorm, st. f., _subsistence, entertainment_: acc. sg. nō þū ymb mīnes ne
+þearft līces feorme leng sorgian, _thou needest no longer have care for the
+sustenance of my body_, 451.--2) _banquet_: dat. on feorme (or feorme,
+MS.), 2386.
+
+feormend-lēas, adj., _wanting the. cleanser_: acc. pl. geseah ...
+fyrn-manna fatu feormend-lēase, 2762.
+
+feormian, w. v., _to clean, to cleanse, to polish_: pres. part. nom pl.
+feormiend swefað (feormynd, MS.), 2257.
+
+ge-feormian, w. v., _to feast, to eat_; pret. part. sōna hæfde unlyfigendes
+eal gefeormod fēt and folma, 745.
+
+feorran, w. v., w. acc., _to remove_: inf. sibbe ne wolde wið manna hwone
+mægenes Deniga feorh-bealo feorran, fēo þingian, (Grendel) _would not from
+friendship free any one of the men of the Danes of life's evil, nor allay
+it for tribute_, 156.
+
+feorran, adv., _from afar_: a) of space, 361, 430, 826, 1371, 1820, etc.;
+siððan æðelingas feorran gefricgean flēam ēowerne, _when noble men afar
+learn of your flight_ (when the news of your flight reaches distant lands),
+2890; fērdon folctogan feorran and nēan, _from far and from near_, 840;
+similarly, nēan and feorran þū nū [friðu] hafast, 1175; wæs þæs wyrmes wīg
+wīde gesȳne ... nēan and feorran, _visible from afar, far and near_,
+2318.--b) temporal: sē þe cūðe frumsceaft fīra feorran reccan (_since
+remote antiquity_), 91; similarly, feorran rehte, 2107.
+
+feorran-cund, adj., _foreign-born_: dat. sg. feorran-cundum, 1796.
+
+feor-weg, st. m., _far way_: dat. pl. mādma fela of feorwegum, _many
+precious things from distant paths_ (from foreign lands), 37.
+
+ge-fēon. See feohan.
+
+fēond, st. m., _enemy_: nom. sg., 164, 726, 749; fēond on helle (Grendel),
+101; acc. sg., 279, 1865, 2707; dat. sg. fēonde, 143, 439; gen. sg.
+fēondes, 985, 2129, 2290; acc, pl. fēond, 699; dat. pl. fēondum, 420, 1670;
+gen. pl. feonda 294, 809, 904.
+
+fēond-grāp, st. f., _foe's clutch_: dat. (instr.) pl. fēond-grāpum fæst,
+637.
+
+fēond-sceaða, w. m., _one who is an enemy and a robber_: nom. sg. fāh
+fēond-scaða (_a hostile sea-monster_), 554.
+
+fēond-scipe, st. m., _hostility_: nom. sg., 3000.
+
+fēower, num., _four_: nom. fēower bearn, 59; fēower mēaras, 2164; fēower,
+as substantive, 1638; acc. fēower māðmas, 1028.
+
+fēower-tȳne, num., _fourteen_: nom. with following gen. pl. fēowertȳne
+Gēata, 1642.
+
+findan, st. v., _to find, to invent, to attain_: a) with simple object in
+acc.: inf. þāra þe hē cēnoste findan mihte, 207; swylce hīe at Finnes-hām
+findan meahton sigla searo-gimma, 1157; similarly, 2871; mæg þǣr fela
+frēonda findan, 1839; wolde guman findan, 2295; swā hyt weorðlīcost
+fore-snotre men findan mihton, _so splendidly as only very wise men could
+devise it_, 3164; pret. sg. healþegnas fand, 720; word ōðer fand, _found
+other words_, i.e. went on to another narrative, 871; grimne gryrelīcne
+grund-hyrde fond, 2137; þæt ic gōdne funde bēaga bryttan, 1487; pret. part.
+syððan ǣrest wearð fēasceaft funden (_discovered_), 7.--b) with acc. and
+pred. adj.: pret. sg. dryhten sīnne drīorigne fand, 2790.--c) with acc. and
+inf.: pret. fand þā þǣr inne æðelinga gedriht swefan, 118; fand wæccendne
+wer wīges bīdan, 1268; hord-wynne fond opene standan, 2271; oð þæt hē
+fyrgen-bēamas ... hleonian funde, 1416; pret. pl. fundon þā sāwullēasne
+hlim-bed healdan, 3034.--d) with dependent clause: inf. nō þȳ ǣr
+fēasceafte findan meahton æt þām æðelinge þæt hē Heardrēde hlāford wǣre
+(_could by no means obtain it from the prince_), 2374.
+
+on-findan, _to be sensible of, to perceive, to notice_: a) w. acc.: pret.
+sg. landweard onfand eftsīð eorla, _the coast-guard observed the return of
+the earls_, 1892; pret. part. þā hēo onfunden wæs (_was discovered_),
+1294.--b) w. depend, clause: pret. sg. þā se gist onfand þæt se beado-lēoma
+bītan nolde, _the stranger_ (Bēowulf) _perceived that the sword would not
+cut_, 1523; sōna þæt onfunde, þæt ..., _immediately perceived that_...,
+751; similarly, 810, 1498.
+
+finger, st. m., _finger_: nom. pl. fingras, 761; acc. pl. fingras, 985;
+dat. (instr.) pl. fingrum, 1506; gen. pl. fingra, 765.
+
+fīras, fȳras (O.H.G. firahī, i.e. _the living_; cf. feorh), st. m., only
+in pl., _men_: gen. pl. fīra, 91, 2742; monegum fīra, 2002; fȳra gehwylcne
+lēoda mīnra, 2251; fīra fyrngeweorc, 2287.
+
+firen, fyren, st. f., _cunning waylaying, insidious hostility, malice,
+outrage_: nom. sg. fyren, 916; acc. sg. fyrene and fǣhðe, 153; fǣhðe and
+fyrene, 880, 2481; firen' ondrysne, 1933; dat. sg. fore fǣhðe and fyrene,
+137; gen. pl. fyrena, 164, 629; and fyrene, 812; fyrena hyrde (of Grendel),
+751. The dat. pl., fyrenum, is used adverbially in the sense of
+_maliciously_, 1745, or _fallaciously_, with reference to Hæðcyn's killing
+Herebeald, which was done unintentionally, 2442.
+
+firen-dǣd, st. f., _wicked deed_: acc. pl. fyren-dǣda, 1670; instr. pl.
+fyren-dǣdum, 1002; both times of Grendel and his mother, with reference to
+their nocturnal inroads.
+
+firen-þearf, st. f., _misery through the malignity of enemies_: acc. sg.
+fyren-þearfe, 14.
+
+firgen-bēam, st. m., _tree of a mountain-forest_: acc. pl. fyrgen-bēamas,
+1415.
+
+firgen-holt, st. m., _mountain-wood, mountain-forest_: acc. sg. on
+fyrgen-holt, 1394.
+
+firgen-strēam, st. m., _mountain-stream_: nom. sg. fyrgen-strēam, 1360;
+acc. sg. under fyrgen-strēam (marks the place where the mountain-stream,
+according to 1360, empties into Grendel's sea), 2129.
+
+fisc, st. m., _fish_: in comp. hron-, mere-fisc.
+
+fīf, num., _five_: uninflect. gen. fīf nihta fyrst, 545; acc. fīfe (?),
+420.
+
+fīfel-cyn (O.N. fīfl, stultus and gigas), st. n., _giant-race_: gen. sg.
+fīfelcynnes eard, 104.
+
+fīf-tȳne, num., _fifteen_: acc. fȳftȳne, 1583; gen. fīftȳna sum, 207.
+
+fīf-tig, num., _fifty_: 1) as substantive with gen. following; acc. fīftig
+wintra, 2734; gen. sē wæs fīftiges fōt-gemearces lang, 3043.--2) as
+adjective: acc. fīftig wintru, 2210.
+
+flān, st. m., _arrow_: dat. sg. flāne, 3120; as instr., 2439.
+
+flān-boga, w. m., _bow which shoots the flān, bow_: dat. sg. of flān-bogan,
+1434, 1745.
+
+flǣsc, st. n., _flesh, body in contrast with soul_: instr. sg. nō þon lange
+wæs feorh æðelinges flǣsce bewunden, _not much longer was the son of the
+prince contained in his body_, 2425.
+
+flǣsc-hama, w. m., _clothing of flesh_, i.e. the body: acc. sg.
+flǣsc-homan, 1569.
+
+flet, st. n.: 1) _ground, floor of a hall_: acc. sg. hēo on flet gebēah,
+_fell to the ground_, 1541; similarly, 1569.--2) _hall, mansion_: nom. sg.
+1977; acc. sg. flet, 1037, 1648, 1950, 2018, etc.; flett, 2035; þæt hīe him
+ōðer flet eal gerȳmdon, _that they should give up entirely to them another
+hall_, 1087; dat. sg. on flette, 1026.
+
+flet-ræst, st. f., _resting-place in the hall_: acc. sg. flet-ræste gebēag,
+_reclined upon the couch in the hall_, 1242.
+
+flet-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_: acc. pl -sittende, 2023;
+dat. pl. -sittendum, 1789.
+
+flet-werod, st. n., _troop from the hall_: nom. sg., 476.
+
+flēam, st. m., _flight_: acc. sg. on flēam gewand, _had turned to flight_,
+1002; flēam ēowerne, 2890.
+
+flēogan, st. v., _to fly_: prs. sg. III. flēogeð, 2274.
+
+flēon, st. v., _to flee_: inf. on heolster flēon, 756; flēon on fenhopu,
+765; flēon under fen-hleoðu, 821; pret. hete-swengeas flēah, 2226.
+
+be-flēon, w. acc., _to avoid, to escape_: gerund nō þæt ȳðe byð tō
+beflēonne, _that is not easy_ (i.e. not at all) _to be avoided_, 1004.
+
+ofer-flēon, w. acc., _to flee from one, to yield_: inf. nelle ic beorges
+weard oferflēon fōtes trem, _will not yield to the warder of the mountain_
+(the drake) _a foot's breadth_, 2526.
+
+flēotan, st. v., _to float upon the water, to swim_: inf. nō hē wiht fram
+mē flōd-ȳðum feor flēotan meahte. hraðor on helme, _no whit, could he swim
+from me farther on the waves_ (regarded as instrumental, so that the waves
+marked the distance), _more swiftly in the sea_, 542; pret. sǣgenga flēat
+fāmigheals forð ofer ȳðe, _floated away over the waves_, 1910.
+
+fliht. See flyht.
+
+flitme. See un-flitme.
+
+flītan, st. v., _to exert one's self, to strive, to emulate_: pres. part.
+flītende fealwe strǣte mēarum mǣton (_rode a race_), 917; pret. sg. II.
+eart þū se Bēowulf, sē þe wið Brecan ... ymb sund flite, _art thou the
+Bēowulf who once contended with Breca for the prize in swimming?_ 507.
+
+ofer-flītan, _to surpass one in a contest, to conquer, to overcome_: pret.
+w. acc. hē þē æt sunde oferflāt (_overcome thee in a swimming-wager_), 517.
+
+ge-flīt, st. n., _emulation_: acc. sg. lēton on geflīt faran fealwe mēaras,
+_let the fallow horses go in emulation_, 866.
+
+floga, w. m., _flyer_; in the compounds: gūð-, lyft-, ūht-, wid-floga.
+
+flota (see flēotan), w. m., _float, ship, boat_: nom. sg., 210, 218, 301;
+acc. sg. flotan ēowerne, 294.--Comp. wǣg-flota.
+
+flot-here, st. m., _fleet_: instr. sg. cwōm faran flotherge on Frēsna land,
+2916.
+
+flōd, st. m., _flood, stream, sea-current_: nom. sg., 545, 580, 1362, etc.;
+acc. sg. flōd, 3134; ofer fealone flōd, 1951; dat. sg. tō flōde, 1889; gen.
+pl. flōda begong, _the region of floods_, i.e. the sea, 1498, 1827; flōda
+genipu, 2809.
+
+flōd-ȳð, st. f., _flood-wave_: instr. pl. flōd-ȳðum, 542.
+
+flōr, st. m., _floor, stone-floor_: acc. sg. on fāgne flōr (the floor was
+probably a kind of mosaic, made of colored flags), 726; dat. sg. gang þā
+æfter flōre, _along the floor_ (i.e. along the hall), 1317.
+
+flyht, fliht, st. m., _flight_: nom. sg. gāres fliht, _flight of the
+spear_, 1766.
+
+ge-flȳman, w. v., _to put to flight_: pret. part. geflȳmed, 847, 1371.
+
+folc, st. n., _troop, band of warriors; folk_, in the sense of the whole
+body of the fighting men of a nation: acc. sg. folc, 522, 694, 912; Sūðdene
+folc, 464; folc and rīce, 1180; dat. sg. folce, 14, 2596; folce Deninga,
+465; as instr. folce gestepte ofer sǣ sīde, _went with a band of warriors
+over the wide sea_, 2394; gen. sg. folces, 1125; folces Denigea, 1583.--The
+king is called folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2645, 2982; frēawine folces, 2358;
+or folces weard, 2514. The queen, folces cwēn, 1933.--The pl., in the sense
+of _warriors, fighting men_: nom. pl. folc, 1423, 2949; dat. pl. folcum,
+55, 262, 1856; gen. pl. frēo- (frēa-) wine folca, _of the king_, 430, 2430;
+friðu-sibb folca, _of the queen_, 2018.--Comp. sige-folc.
+
+folc-āgend, pres. part., _leader of a band of warriors_: nom. pl.
+folc-āgende, 3114.
+
+folc-beorn, st. m., _man of the multitude, a common man_: nom. sg.
+folc-beorn, 2222.
+
+folc-cwēn, st. f., _queen of a warlike host_: nom. sg., of Wealhþēow, 642.
+
+folc-cyning, st. m., _king of a warlike host_: nom. sg., 2734, 2874.
+
+folc-rǣd, st. m, _what best serves a warlike host_: acc. sg., 3007.
+
+folc-riht, st. n., _the rights of the fighting men of a nation_: gen. pl.
+him ǣr forgeaf ... folcrihta gehwylc, swā his fæder āhte, 2609.
+
+folc-scearu, st. f., _part of a host of warriors, nation_: dat. sg.
+folc-scare, 73.
+
+folc-stede, st. m., _position of a band of warriors, place where a band of
+warriors is quartered_: acc. sg. folcstede, of the hall, Heorot, 76;
+folcstede fāra (_the battle-field_), 1464.
+
+folc-toga, w. m., _leader of a body of warriors, duke_: nom. pl., powerful
+liege-men of Hrōðgār are called folc-togan, 840.
+
+fold-bold, st. n., _earth-house_ (i.e. a house on earth in contrast with a
+dwelling in heaven): nom. sg. fǣger fold-bold, of the hall, Heorot, 774.
+
+fold-būend, pres. part. _dweller on earth, man_: nom. pl. fold-būend, 2275;
+fold-būende, 1356; dat. pl. fold-būendum, 309.
+
+folde, w. f., _earth, ground_: acc. sg. under foldan, 1362; fēoll on
+foldan, 2976; gen. sg. foldan bearm, _the bosom of the earth_, 1138; foldan
+scēatas, 96; foldan fæðm, 1394.--Also, _earth, world_: dat. sg. on foldan,
+1197.
+
+fold-weg, st. m., _field-way, road through the country_: acc. sg. fold-weg,
+1634; acc. pl. fold-wegas, 867.
+
+folgian, w. v.: 1) _to perform vassal-duty, to serve, to follow_: pret. pl.
+þēah hīe hira bēaggyfan banan folgedon, _although they followed the
+murderer of their prince_, 1103.--2) _to pursue, to follow after_: folgode
+feorh-genīðlan (acc. pl.) 2934.
+
+folm, st. f, _hand_: acc. sg. folme, 971, 1304; dat. sg. mid folme, 743;
+acc. pl. fēt and folma, _feet and hands_, 746; dat. pl. tō banan folmum,
+158; folmum (instr.), 723, 993.--Comp.: beado-, gearo-folm.
+
+for, prep. w. dat., instr., and acc.: 1) w. dat. local, _before_, ante: þæt
+hē for eaxlum gestōd Deniga frēan, 358; for hlāwe, 1121.--b) _before_,
+coram, in conspectu: no hē þǣre feohgyfte for scēotendum scamigan þorfte,
+_had no need to be ashamed of the gift before the warriors_, 1027; for þǣm
+werede, 1216; for eorlum, 1650; for duguðe, _before the noble band of
+warriors_, 2021.--Causal, a) to denote a subjective motive, _on account of,
+through, from_: for wlenco, _from bravery, through warlike courage_, 338,
+1207; for wlence, 508; for his wonhȳdum, 434; for onmēdlan, 2927, etc.--b)
+objective, partly denoting a cause, _through, from, by reason of_: for
+metode, _for the creator, on account of the creator_, 169; for þrēanȳdum,
+833; for þrēanēdlan, 2225; for dolgilpe, _on account of, in accordance with
+the promise of bold deeds_ (because you claimed bold deeds for yourself),
+509; him for hrōfsele hrīnan ne mehte fǣr-gripe flōdes, _on account of the
+roofed hall the malicious grasp of the flood could not reach him_, 1516;
+līg-egesan wæg for horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the treasure_,
+2782; for mundgripe mīnum, _on account of, through the gripe of my hand_,
+966; for þæs hildfruman hondgeweorce, 2836; for swenge, _through the
+stroke_, 2967; ne meahte ... dēop gedȳgan for dracan lēge, _could not hold
+out in the deep on account of the heat of the drake_, 2550. Here may be
+added such passages as ic þǣm gōdan sceal for his mōdþræce māðmas bēodan,
+_will offer him treasures on account of his boldness of character, for his
+high courage_, 385; ful-oft for lǣssan lēan teohhode, _gave often reward
+for what was inferior_, 952; nalles for ealdre mearn, _was not uneasy about
+his life_, 1443; similarly, 1538. Also denoting purpose: for ārstafum, _to
+the assistance_, 382, 458.--2) w. instr. causal, _because of, for_: hē hine
+feor forwræc for þȳ mane, 110.--3) w. acc., _for, as, instead of_: for
+sunu frēogan, _love as a son_, 948; for sunu habban, 1176; nē him þæs
+wyrmes wīg for wiht dyde, _held the drake's fighting as nothing_, 2349.
+
+foran, adv., _before, among the first, forward_: siððan ... scēawedon
+fēondes fingras, foran ǣghwylc (_each before himself_), 985; þæt wæs ān
+foran ealdgestrēona, _that was one among the first of the old treasures_,
+i.e. a splendid old treasure, 1459; þē him foran ongēan linde bǣron, _bore
+their shields forward against him_ (went out to fight against him), 2365.
+
+be-foran: 1) adv., local, _before_: hē ... beforan gengde, _went before_,
+1413; temporal, _before, earlier_, 2498.--2) prep. w. acc. _before_, in
+conspectu: mǣre māððum-sweord manige gesāwon beforan beorn beran, 1025.
+
+ford, st. m., _ford, water-way_: acc. sg. ymb brontne ford, 568.
+
+forð: 1) local, _forth, hither, near_: forð near ætstōp, _approached
+nearer_, 746; þā cwōm Wealhþēo forð gān, 1163; similarly, 613; him seleþegn
+forð wīsade, _led him_ (Bēowulf) _forth_ (to the couch that had been
+prepared for him in Heorot), 1796; þæt him swāt sprong forð under fexe,
+_forth under the hair of his head_, 2968. _Forward, further_: gewītað forð
+beran wǣpen and gewǣdu, 291; hē tō forð gestōp, 2290; freoðo-wong þone forð
+oferēodon, 2960. _Away, forth_, 45, 904; fyrst forð gewāt, _the time_ (of
+the way to the ship) _was out_, i.e. they had arrived at the ship, 210; mē
+... forð-gewitenum, _to me the departed_, 1480; fērdon forð, _went forth_
+(from Grendel's sea), 1633; þonne hē forð scile, _when he must (go) forth_,
+i.e. die, 3178; hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede, _carried
+him forth, over all men_, 1719.--2) temporal, _forth, from now on_: heald
+forð tela nīwe sibbe, 949; ic sceal forð sprecan gēn ymbe Grendel, _shall
+from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2070. See furðum and furðor.
+
+forð-gerīmed, pres. part., _in unbroken succession_, 59.
+
+forð-gesceaft, st. f., _that which is determined for farther on, future
+destiny_: acc. sg. hē þā forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgȳmeð, 1751.
+
+forð-weg, st. m., _road that leads away, journey_: hē of ealdre gewāt frōd
+on forð-weg (_upon the way to the next world_), 2626.
+
+fore, prep. w. dat., local, _before_, coram, in conspectu: hēo fore þǣm
+werede spræc, 1216. Causal, _through, for, because of_: nō mearn fore fǣhðe
+and fyrene, 136; fore fæder dǣdum, _because of the father's deeds_,
+2060,--Allied to this is the meaning, _about_, de, super: þǣr wæs sang and
+swēg samod ætgædere fore Healfdenes hildewīsan, _song and music about
+Healfdene's general_ (the song of Hnæf), 1065.
+
+fore-mǣre, adj., _renowned beyond (others)_, prǣclarus: superl. þæt wæs
+fore-mǣrost foldbūendum receda under roderum, 309.
+
+fore-mihtig, adj., _able beyond (others)_, prǣpotens: nom. sg. wæs tō
+foremihtig fēond on fēðe, _the enemy was too strong in going_ (could flee
+too rapidly), 970.
+
+fore-snotor, adj., _wise beyond (others)_, sapientissimus: nom. pl.
+foresnotre men, 3164.
+
+fore-þanc, st. m., _forethought, consideration, deliberation_: nom. sg.,
+1061.
+
+forht, adj., _fearful, cowardly_: nom. sg. forht, 2968; hē on mōde wearð
+forht on ferhðe, 755.--Comp. unforht.
+
+forma, adj., _foremost, first_: nom. sg. forma sīð (_the first time_), 717,
+1464, 1528, 2626; instr. sg. forman sīðe, 741, 2287; forman dōgore, 2574.
+
+fyrmest, adv. superl., _first of all, in the first place_: hē fyrmest læg,
+2078.
+
+forst, st. m., _frost, cold_: gen. sg. forstes bend, 1610.
+
+for-þām, for-þan, for-þon, adv. and conj., _therefore, on that account,
+then_: forþām, 149; forþan, 418, 680, 1060; forþon þe, _because_, 503.
+
+fōn, st. v., _to catch, to grasp, to take hold, to take_: prs. sg. III.
+fēhð ōðer tō, _another lays hold_ (takes possession), 1756; inf. ic mid
+grāpe sceal fōn wið fēonde, 439; pret. sg. him tōgēanes fēng, _caught at
+him, grasped at him_, 1543; w. dat. hē þām frætwum fēng, _received the rich
+adornments_ (Ongenþēow's equipment), 2990.
+
+be-fōn, _to surround, to ensnare, to encompass, to embrace_: pret. part.
+hyne sār hafað ... nearwe befongen balwon bendum, 977; hēo æðelinga ānne
+hæfde fæste befangen (_had seized him firmly_), 1296; helm ... befongen
+frēawrāsnum (_encircled by an ornament like a diadem_), 1452; fenne
+bifongen, _surrounded by the fen_, 2010; (draca) fȳre befongen, _encircled
+by fire_, 2275, 2596; hæfde landwara līge befangen, _encompassed by fire_,
+2322.
+
+ge-fōn, w. acc., _to seize, to grasp_: pret. hē gefēng slǣpendne rinc, 741;
+gūðrinc gefēng atolan clommum, 1502; gefēng þā be eaxle ... Gūðgēata lēod
+Grendles mōdor, 1538; gefēng þā fetelhilt, 1564; hond rond gefēng, geolwe
+linde, 2610; ic on ofoste gefēng micle mid mundum mægen-byrðenne, _hastily
+I seized with my hands the enormous burden_, 3091.
+
+on-fōn, w. dat., _to receive, to accept, to take_: pres. imp. sg. onfōh
+þissum fulle, _accept this cup_, 1170; inf. þæt þæt þēodnes bearn ...
+scolde fæder-æðelum onfōn, _receive the paternal rank_, 912; pret. sg. hwā
+þǣm hlæste onfēng, _who received the ship's lading_, 52; hlēor-bolster
+onfēng eorles andwlitan, _the pillow received the nobleman's face_, 689;
+similarly, 853, 1495; heal swēge onfēng, _the hall received the loud
+noise_, 1215; hē onfēng hraðe inwit-þancum, _he_ (Bēowulf) _at once
+clutched him_ (Grendel) _devising malice_, 749.
+
+þurh-fōn, w. acc., _to break through with grasping, to destroy by
+grasping_: inf. þæt hēo þone fyrd-hom þurh-fōn ne mihte, 1505.
+
+wið-fōn, w. dat., _(to grasp at), to seize, to lay hold of_: pret. sg. him
+fæste wið-fēng, 761.
+
+ymbe-fōn, w. acc., _to encircle_: pret. heals ealne ymbefēng biteran bānum,
+_encircled his_ (Bēowulf's) _whole neck with sharp bones_ (teeth), 2692.
+
+fōt, st. m., _foot_: gen. sg. fōtes trem (_the measure of a foot, a foot
+broad_), 2526; acc. pl. fēt, 746; dat. pl. æt fōtum, _at the feet_, 500,
+1167.
+
+fōt-gemearc, st. n., _measure, determining by feet, number of feet_: gen.
+sg. sē wæs fīftiges fōtgemearces lang (_fifty feet long_), 3043.
+
+fōt-lāst, st. m., _foot-print_: acc. sg. (draca) onfand fēondes fōt-lāst,
+2290.
+
+fracod, adj., _objectionable, useless_. nom. sg. næs sēo ecg fracod
+hilde-rince, 1576.
+
+fram, from, I. prep. w. dat. loc. _away from something_: þǣr fram sylle
+ābēag medubenc monig, 776, 1716; þanon eft gewiton ealdgesīðas ... fram
+mere, 856; cyning-balde men from þǣm holmclife hafelan bǣron, 1636;
+similarly, 541, 543, 2367. Standing after the dat.: hē hine feor forwræc
+... mancynne fram, 110; similarly, 1716. Also, _hither from something_: þā
+ic cwōm ... from fēondum, 420; ǣghwæðrum wæs ... brōga fram ōðrum,
+2566.--Causal with verbs of saying and hearing, _of, about, concerning_:
+sægdest from his sīðe, 532; nō ic wiht fram þē swylcra searo-nīða secgan
+hȳrde, 581; þæt hē fram Sigemunde secgan hyrde, 876. II adv., _away,
+thence_: nō þȳ ǣr fram meahte, 755; _forth, out_: from ǣrest cwōm oruð
+āglǣcean ūt of stāne, _the breath of the dragon came forth first from the
+rock_ 2557.
+
+fram, from, adj.: 1) _directed forwards, striving forwards_; in comp.
+sīð-fram.--2) _excellent, splendid_, of a man with reference to his warlike
+qualities: nom. sg. ic eom on mōde from, 2528; nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,
+1642, 2477. Of things: instr. pl. fromum feoh-giftum, 21.--Comp. un-from;
+see freme, forma.
+
+ge-frægen. See frignan.
+
+frætwe, st. f. pl., _ornament, anything costly_, originally _carved
+objects_ (cf. Dietrich in Hpts. Ztschr. X. 216 ff.), afterwards of any
+costly and artistic work: acc. pl. frætwe, 2920; beorhte frætwe, 214;
+beorhte frætwa, 897; frætwe.. eorclan-stānas, 1208; frætwe,...
+brēost-weorðunge, 2504, both times of Hygelāc's collar; frætwe and
+fæt-gold, 1922; frætwe (Eanmund's sword and armor), 2621; dat. instr. pl.
+þām frætwum, 2164; on frætewum, 963; frætwum (Heaðobeard sword) hrēmig,
+2055; frætwum, of the drake's treasures, 2785; frætwum (Ongenþēow's armor),
+2990; gen. pl. fela ... frætwa, 37; þāra frætwa (drake's treasure), 2795;
+frætwa hyrde (drake), 3134.
+
+frætwan, w. v., _to supply with ornaments, to adorn_: inf. folc-stede
+frætwan, 76.
+
+ge-frætwian, w. v., _to adorn_: pret. sg. gefrætwade foldan scēatas leomum
+and lēafum, 96; pret. part. þā wæs hāten Heort innanweard folmum gefrætwod,
+993.
+
+ge-frǣge, adj., _known by reputation, renowned_: nom. sg. lēod-cyning ...
+folcum gefrǣge, 55; swā hyt gefrǣge wæs, 2481.
+
+ge-frǣge, st. n., _information through hearsay_: instr. sg. mine gefrǣge
+(_as I learned through the narrative of others_), 777, 838, 1956, etc.
+
+ge-frǣgnian, w. v., _to become known through hearsay_: pret. part. fylle
+gefrǣgnod (of Grendel's mother, who had become known through the carrying
+off of Æschere), 1334?
+
+freca, w. m., properly _a wolf_, as one that breaks in, robs; here a
+designation of heroes: nom. sg. freca Scildinga, of Bēowulf, 1564.--Comp.:
+gūð-, hilde-, scyld-, sweord-, wīg-freca; ferð-frec (adj.).
+
+fremde, adj., properly _distant, foreign_; then _estranged, hostile_: nom
+sg. þæt wæs fremde þēod ēcean dryhtne, of the giants, 1692.
+
+freme, adj., _excellent, splendid_: nom. sg. fem. fremu folces cwēn, of
+Þrȳðo, 1933(?).
+
+fremman, w. v., _to press forward, to further_, hence: 1) in general, _to
+perform, to accomplish, to do, to make_: pres. subj. without an object,
+fremme sē þe wille, _let him do (it) whoever will_, 1004. With acc.: imp.
+pl. fremmað gē nū lēoda þearfe, 2801; inf. fyrene fremman, 101; sæcce
+fremman, 2500; fǣhðe ... mǣrðum fremman, 2515, etc.; pret. sg. folcrǣd
+fremede (_did what was best for his men_, i.e. ruled wisely), 3007; pl. hū
+þā æðelingas ellen fremedon, 3; feohtan fremedon, 960; nalles fācenstafas
+... þenden fremedon, 1020; pret. subj. þæt ic ... mǣrðo fremede, 2135. --2)
+_to help on, to support_: inf. þæt hē mec fremman wile wordum and worcum
+(to an expedition), 1833.
+
+ge-fremman, w. acc., _to do, to make, to render_: inf. gefremman eorlīc
+ellen, 637; helpan gefremman, _to give help_, 2450; æfter wēaspelle wyrpe
+gefremman, _to work a change after sorrow_ (to give joy after sorrow),
+1316; gerund, tō gefremmanne, 174, 2645; pret. sg. gefremede, 135, 165,
+551, 585, etc.; þēah þe hine mihtig god ... ofer ealle men forð gefremede,
+_placed him away, above all men_, i.e. raised him, 1719; pret. pl.
+gefremedon, 1188, 2479; pret. subj. gefremede, 177; pret. part. gefremed,
+476; fem, nū scealc hafað ... dǣd gefremede, 941; absolutely, þū þē self
+hafast dǣdum gefremed, þæt ..., _hast brought it about by thy deeds that_,
+955.
+
+fretan, st. v., _to devour, to consume_: inf. þā (the precious things)
+sceal brond fretan, 3015; nū sceal glēd fretan wigena strengel, 3115; pret.
+sg. (Grendel) slǣpende fræt folces Denigea fȳftȳne men, 1582.
+
+frēcne, adj., _dangerous, bold_: nom. sg. frēcne fȳr-draca, 2690;
+feorh-bealo frēcne, 2251, 2538; acc. sg. frēcne dǣde, 890; frēcne fengelād,
+1360; frēcne stōwe, 1379; instr. sg. frēcnan sprǣce (_through provoking
+words_), 1105.
+
+frēcne, adv., _boldly, audaciously_, 960, 1033, 1692.
+
+frēa, w. m., _ruler, lord_, of a temporal ruler: nom. sg. frēa, 2286; acc.
+sg. frēan, 351, 1320, 2538, 3003, 3108; gen. sg. frēan, 359, 500, 1167,
+1681; dat. sg. frēan, 271, 291, 2663. Of a husband: dat. sg. ēode ... tō
+hire frēan sittan, 642. Of God: dat. sg. frēan ealles, _the Lord of all_,
+2795; gen. sg. frēan, 27.-- Comp.: āgend-, līf-, sin-frēa.
+
+frēa-dryhten, st. m., _lord, ruling lord_: gen. sg. frēa-drihtnes, 797.
+
+frēa-wine, st. m., _lord and friend, friendly ruler_: nom. sg. frēa-wine
+folces (folca), 2358, 2430; acc. sg. his frēa-wine, 2439.
+
+frēa-wrāsn, st. f., _encircling ornament like a diadem_: instr. pl. helm
+... befongen frēawrāsnum, 1452; see wrāsn.
+
+freoðu, friðu, f., _protection, asylum, peace_: acc. sg. wēl bið þǣm þe mōt
+... tō fæder fæðmum freoðo wilnian, _who may obtain an asylum in God's
+arms_, 188; nēan and feorran þū nū [friðu] hafast, 1175.--Comp. fen-freoðo.
+
+freoðo-burh, st. f., _castle, city affording protection_: acc. sg.
+freoðoburh fægere, 522.
+
+freoðo-wong, st. m., _field of peace, field of protection_: acc. sg., 2960;
+seems to have been the proper name of a field.
+
+freoðo-wǣr, st. f., _peace-alliance, security of peace_: acc. sg. þā hīe
+getruwedon on twā healfa fæste frioðu-wǣre, 1097; gen. sg. frioðowǣre bæd
+hlāford sīnne, _entreated his lord for the protection of peace_ (i.e. full
+pardon for his delinquency), 2283.
+
+freoðo-webbe, w. f., _peace-weaver_, designation of the royal consort
+(often one given in marriage as a confirmation of a peace between two
+nations): nom. sg., 1943.
+
+frēo-burh, st. f., = frēa-burg (?), _ruler's castle_ (?) (according to
+Grein, arx ingenua): acc. sg. frēoburh, 694.
+
+frēod, st. f., _friendship_: acc. sg. frēode ne woldon ofer heafo healdan,
+2477; gen. sg. næs þǣr māra fyrst frēode tō friclan, _was no longer time to
+seek for friendship_, 2557; --_favor, acknowledgement_: acc. sg. ic þē
+sceal mīne gelǣstan frēode (_will show myself grateful_, with reference to
+1381 ff.), 1708.
+
+frēo-dryhten (= frēa-dryhten), st. m., _lord, ruler_; according to Grein,
+dominus ingenuus vel nobilis: nom. sg. as voc. frēo-drihten min! 1170; dat.
+sg. mid his frēo-dryhtne, 2628.
+
+frēogan, w. v., _to love; to think of lovingly_: pres. subj. þæt mon his
+wine-dryhten ... ferhðum frēoge, 3178; inf. nū ic þec ... mē for sunu wylle
+frēogan on ferhðe, 949.
+
+frēo-līc, adj., _free, free-born_ (here of the lawful wife in contrast with
+the bond concubine): nom. sg. frēolīc wīf, 616; frēolīcu folc-cwēn, 642.
+
+frēond, st. m., _friend_: acc. sg. frēond, 1386, 1865; dat. pl. frēondum,
+916, 1019, 1127; gen. pl. frēonda, 1307, 1839.
+
+frēond-laðu, st. f., _friendly invitation_: nom. sg. him wæs ful boren and
+frēond-laðu (_friendly invitation to drink_) wordum bewægned, 1193.
+
+frēond-lār, st. f., _friendly counsel_: dat. (instr.) pl. frēond-lārum,
+2378.
+
+frēond-līce, adv., _in a friendly manner, kindly_: compar. frēond-līcor,
+1028.
+
+frēond-scipe, st. m., _friendship_: acc. sg. frēond-scipe fæstne, 2070.
+
+frēo-wine, st. m. (see frēawine), _lord and friend, friendly ruler_;
+according to Grein, amicus nobilis, princeps amicus: nom. sg. as voc.
+frēo-wine folca! 430.
+
+fricgean, w. v., _to ask, to inquire into_: inf. ongan sīnne geseldan fægre
+fricgean hwylce Sǣ-Gēata sīðas wǣron, 1986; pres. part, gomela Scilding
+fela fricgende feorran rehte, _the old Scilding, asking many questions_
+(having many things related to him), _told of old times_ (the conversation
+was alternate), 2107.
+
+ge-fricgean, _to learn, to learn by inquiry_: pres. pl. syððan hīe
+ge-fricgeað frēan ūserne ealdorlēasne, _when they learn that our lord is
+dead_, 3003; pres. subj. gif ic þæt gefricge, þæt..., 1827; pl. syððan
+æðelingas feorran gefricgean flēam ēowerne, 2890.
+
+friclan (see freca), w. v. w. gen., _to seek, to desire, to strive for_:
+inf. næs þǣr māra fyrst frēode tō friclan, 2557.
+
+friðo-sib, st. f., _kin for the confirming of peace_, designation of the
+queen (see freoðo--webbe), _peace-bringer_: nom. sg. friðu-sibb folca,
+2018.
+
+frignan, fringan, frīnan, st. v., _to ask, to inquire_: imp. ne frīn þū
+æfter sǣlum, _ask not after the well-being!_ 1323; inf. ic þæs wine Deniga
+frīnan wille ... ymb þīnne sīð, 351; pret. sg. frægn, 236, 332; frægn gif
+..., _asked whether_ ..., 1320.
+
+ge-frignan, ge-fringan, ge-frīnan, _to find out by inquiry, to learn by
+narration._ pret. sg. (w. acc.) þæt fram hām gefrægn Higelāces þegn
+Grendles dǣda, 194; nō ic gefrægn heardran feohtan, 575; (w. acc. and inf.)
+þā ic wīde gefrægn weorc gebannan, 74; similarly, 2485, 2753, 2774; ne
+gefrægen ic þā mǣgðe māran weorode ymb hyra sincgyfan sēl gebǣran, _I never
+heard that any people, richer in warriors, conducted itself better about
+its chief_, 1012; similarly, 1028; pret. pl. (w. acc.) wē þēodcyninga þrym
+gefrūnon, 2; (w. acc. and inf.) geongne gūðcyning gōdne gefrūnon hringas
+dǣlan, 1970; (parenthetical) swā guman gefrungon, 667, (after þonne)
+medo-ærn micel (_greater_) ... þone yldo bearn ǣfre gefrūnon, 70; pret.
+part. hæfde Higelāces hilde gefrūnen, 2953; hæfdon gefrūnen þæt..., _had
+learned that_ ..., 695; hæfde gefrūnen hwanan sīo fǣhð ārās, 2404;
+healsbēaga mǣst þāra þe ic on foldan gefrægen hæbbe, 1197.
+
+from, See fram.
+
+frōd, adj.: 1) ǣtate provectus, _old, gray_: nom. sg. frōd, 2626, 2951;
+frōd cyning, 1307, 2210; frōd folces weard, 2514; wintrum frōd, 1725, 2115,
+2278; se frōda, 2929; ac. sg. frōde feorhlege (_the laying down of my old
+life_), 2801; dat. sg. frōdan fyrnwitan (may also, from its meaning, belong
+under No. 2), 2124.--2) mente excellentior, _intelligent, experienced,
+wise_: nom. sg. frōd, 1367; frōd and gōd, 279; on mōde frōd, 1845.--Comp.:
+in-, un-frōd.
+
+frōfor, st. f., _consolation, compensation, help_: nom. sg. frōfor, 2942;
+acc. sg. frōfre, 7, 974; fyrena frōfre, 629; frōfre and fultum, 1274;
+frōfor and fultum, 699; dat. sg. tō frōfre, 14, 1708; gen. sg. frōfre, 185.
+
+fruma (see forma), w. m., _the foremost_, hence: l) _beginning_: nom. sg.
+wæs se fruma egeslīc lēodum on lande, swā hyt lungre wearð on hyra
+sincgifan sāre geendod (_the beginning of the dragon-combat was terrible,
+its end distressing through the death of Bēowulf_), 2310.--2) _he who
+stands first, prince_; in comp. dǣd-, hild-, land-, lēod-, ord-, wīg-fruma.
+
+frum-cyn, st. n., (genus primitivum), _descent, origin_: acc. sg. nū ic
+ēower sceal frumcyn witan, 252.
+
+frum-gār, st. m., primipilus, _duke, prince_: dat. sg. frumgāre (of
+Bēowulf), 2857.
+
+frum-sceaft, st. f., prima creatio, _beginning_: acc. sg. sē þe cūðe
+frumsceaft fīra feorran reccan, _who could tell of the beginning of mankind
+in old times_, 91; dat. sg. frum-sceafte, _in the beginning_, i.e at his
+birth, 45.
+
+fugol, st. m., _bird_: dat. sg. fugle gelīcost, 218; dat. pl. [fuglum] tō
+gamene, 2942.
+
+ful, adj., _full, filled_: nom. sg. w. gen. pl. sē wæs innan full wrǣtta
+and wīra, 2413.--Comp.: eges-, sorh-, weorð-ful.
+
+ful, adv., plene, _very_: ful oft, 480; ful-oft, 952.
+
+ful, st. n., _cup, beaker_: nom. sg., 1193; acc. sg. ful, 616, 629, 1026;
+ofer ȳða ful, _over the cup of the waves_ (the basin of the sea filled
+with waves), 1209; dat. sg. onfōh þissum fulle, 1170.--Comp.: medo-,
+sele-full.
+
+fullǣstian, w. v. w. dat, _to give help_: pres. sg. ic þē fullǣstu, 2669.
+
+fultum, st. m., _help, support, protection_: acc. sg. frōfor (frōfre) and
+fultum, 699, 1274; mægenes fultum, 1836; on fultum, 2663.--Comp.
+mægen-fultum.
+
+fundian, w. v., _to strive, to have in view_: pres. pl. wē fundiað Higelāc
+sēcan, 1820; pret. sg. fundode of geardum, 1138.
+
+furðum, adv., primo, _just, exactly; then first_: þā ic furðum wēold folce
+Deninga, _then first governed the people of the Danes_ (had just assumed
+the government), 465; þā hīe tō sele furðum ... gangan cwōmon, 323; ic þǣr
+furðum cwōm tō þām hringsele, 2010;--_before, previously_: ic þē sceal mīne
+gelǣstan frēode, swā wit furðum sprǣcon, 1708.
+
+furður, adv., _further, forward, more distant_, 254, 762, 3007.
+
+fūs, adj., _inclined to, favorable, ready_: nom. sg. nū ic eom sīðes fūs,
+1476; lēofra manna fūs, _prepared for the dear men_, i.e. expecting them,
+1917; sigel sūðan fūs, _the sun inclined from the south_ (midday sun),
+1967; se wonna hrefn fūs ofer fǣgum, _eager over the slain_, 3026; sceft
+... feðer-gearwum fūs, 3120; nom. pl. wǣron ... eft to lēodum fūse tō
+farenne, 1806.--Sometimes fūs means _ready for death_, moribundus: fūs and
+fǣge, 1242.--Comp.: hin-, ūt-fūs.
+
+fūs-līc, adj., _prepared, ready_: acc. sg. fūs-līc f[yrd]-lēoð, 1425;
+fyrd-searo fūs-līc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fūs-līcu, 232.
+
+fyl, st. m., _fall_: nom. sg. fyll cyninges, _the fall of the king_ (in the
+dragon-fight), 2913; dat. sg. þæt hē on fylle wearð, _that he came to a
+fall, fell_, 1545.--Comp. hrā-fyl.
+
+fylce (collective form from folc), st. n., _troop, band of warriors_: in
+comp. æl-fylce.
+
+ge-fyllan (see feal), w. v., _to fell, to slay in battle_: inf. fāne
+gefyllan, _to slay the enemy_, 2656; pret. pl. fēond gefyldan, _they had
+slain the enemy_, 2707.
+
+ā-fyllan (see ful), w. v., _to fill_: pret. part. Heorot innan wæs frēondum
+āfylled (_was filled with trusted men_), 1019.
+
+fyllo, st. f. (_plenty, abundant meal_: dat. (instr.) sg. fylle gefrǣgnod,
+1334; gen. sg. næs hīe þǣre fylle gefēan hæfdon, 562; fylle gefǣgon,
+1015.--Comp.: wæl-, wist-fyllo.
+
+fyl-wērig, adj., _weary enough to fall, faint to death_, moribundus: acc.
+sg. fyl-wērigne, 963.
+
+fyr. See feor.
+
+fyrian, w. v. w. acc. (= ferian) _to bear, to bring, carry_: pret. pl. þā
+þe gif-sceattas Gēata fyredon þyder tō þance, 378.
+
+fȳras. See fīras.
+
+fyren. See firen.
+
+fyrde, adj., _movable, that can be moved_.--Comp. hard-fyrde.--Leo.
+
+fyrd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade on an expedition, companion in battle_:
+dat. pl. fyrd-gesteallum, 2874
+
+fyrd-ham, st. m., _war-dress, coat of mail_: acc. sg. þone fyrd-hom, 1505.
+
+fyrd-hrægl, st. n., _coat of mail, war-dress_: acc. sg. fyrd-hrægl, 1528.
+
+fyrd-hwæt, adj., _sharp, good in war, warlike_: nom. pl. frome fyrd-hwate,
+1642, 2477.
+
+fyrd-lēoð, st. n., _war-song, warlike music_: acc. sg. horn stundum song
+fūslīc f[yrd]leoð, 1425.
+
+fyrd-searu, st. n., _equipment for an expedition_: acc. sg. fyrd-searu
+fūslīc, 2619; acc. pl. fyrd-searu fūslīcu, 232.
+
+fyrd-wyrðe, adj., _of worth in war, excellent in battle_: nom. sg.
+fyrd-wyrðe man (Bēowulf), 1317.
+
+ge-fyrðran (see forð), w. v., _to bring forward, to further_: pret. part.
+ār wæs on ofoste, eftsīðes georn, frætwum gefyrðred, _he was hurried
+forward by the treasure_ (i.e. after he had gathered up the treasure, he
+hasted to return, so as to be able to show it to the mortally-wounded
+Bēowulf), 2785.
+
+fyrmest. See forma.
+
+fyrn-dagas, st. m. pl., _by-gone days_: dat. pl. fyrndagum (_in old
+times_), 1452.
+
+fyrn-geweorc, st. n., _work, something done in old times_: acc. sg. fīra
+fyrn-geweorc (the drinking-cup mentioned in 2283, 2287.
+
+fyrn-gewin, st. n., _combat in ancient times_: gen. sg. ōr fyrn-gewinnes
+(_the origin of the battles of the giants_), 1690.
+
+fyrn-man, st. m., _man of ancient times_: gen. pl. fyrn-manna fatu, 2762.
+
+fyrn-wita, w. m., _counsellor ever since ancient times, adviser for many
+years_: dat. sg. frōdan fyrnwitan, of Æschere, 2124.
+
+fyrst, st. m., _portion of time, definite time, time_: nom. sg. næs hit
+lengra fyrst, ac ymb āne niht ..., 134; fyrst forð gewāt, _the time_ (of
+going to the harbor) _was past_, 210; næs þǣr māra fyrst frēode tō friclan,
+2556; acc. sg. niht-longne fyrst, 528; fīf nihta fyrst, 545; instr. sg. þȳ
+fyrste, 2574; dat. sg. him on fyrste gelomp ..., _within the fixed time_,
+76.
+
+fyr-wit, -wet, -wyt, st. n., _prying spirit, curiosity_: nom. sg. fyrwyt,
+232; fyrwet, 1986, 2785.
+
+ge-fȳsan (fūs), w. v., _to make ready, to prepare_: part. winde gefȳsed
+flota, _the ship provided with wind_ (for the voyage), 217; (wyrm) fȳre
+gefȳsed, _provided with fire_, 2310; þā wæs hringbogan (of the drake)
+heorte gefȳsed sæcce tō sēceanne, 2562; with gen., in answer to the
+question, for what? gūðe gefȳsed, _ready for battle, determined to fight_,
+631.
+
+fȳr, st. n., _fire_: nom. sg., 1367, 2702, 2882; dat. sg. fȳre, 2220; as
+instr. fȳre, 2275, 2596; gen. sg. fȳres fæðm, 185; fȳres feng, 1765.--
+Comp.: ād-, bǣl-, heaðu-, wæl-fȳr.
+
+fȳr-bend, st. m., _band forged in fire_: dat. pl. duru ... fȳr-bendum
+fæst, 723.
+
+fȳr-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, fire-spewing dragon_: nom. sg., 2690.
+
+fȳr-heard, adj., _hard through fire, hardened in fire_: nom. pl.
+(eoforlīc) fāh and fȳr-heard, 305.
+
+fȳr-lēoht, st. n., _fire-light_: acc. sg., 1517.
+
+fȳr-wylm, st. m., _wave of fire, flame-wave_: dat. pl. wyrm ... fȳrwylmum
+fāh, 2672.
+
+G
+
+galan, st. v., _to sing, to sound_: pres. sg. sorh-lēoð gæleð, 2461; inf.
+gryre-lēoð galan, 787; bearhtm ongeāton, gūðhorn galan, _heard the clang,
+the battle-trumpet sound_, 1433.
+
+ā-galan, _to sing, to sound_: pret. sg. þæt hire on hafelan hringmǣl āgōl
+grǣdig gūðlēoð, _that the sword caused a greedy battle-song to sound upon
+her head_, 1522.
+
+gamban, or, according to Bout., gambe, w. f., _tribute, interest_: acc. sg.
+gomban gyldan, 11.
+
+gamen, st. n., _social pleasure, rejoicing, joyous doings_: nom. sg. gamen,
+1161; gomen, 2460; gomen glēobēames, _the pleasure of the harp_, 2264; acc.
+sg. gamen and glēodrēam, 3022; dat. sg. gamene, 2942; gomene, 1776.--Comp.
+heal-gamen.
+
+gamen-wāð, st. f., _way offering social enjoyment, journey in joyous
+society_: dat. sg. of gomen-wāðe, 855.
+
+gamen-wudu, st. m., _wood of social enjoyment_, i.e. harp: nom. sg. þǣr wæs
+... gomenwudu grēted, 1066; acc. sg. gomenwudu grētte, 2109.
+
+gamol, gomol, gomel, adj., _old_; of persons, _having lived many years,
+gray_: gamol, 58, 265; gomol, 3096; gomel, 2113, 2794; se gomela, 1398;
+gamela (gomela) Scylding, 1793, 2106; gomela, 2932; acc. sg. þone gomelan,
+2422; dat. sg. gamelum rince, 1678; gomelum ceorle, 2445; þām gomelan,
+2818; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe gomele, 1596.--Also, _late, belonging to former
+time_: gen. pl. gomelra lāfe (_legacy_), 2037.--Of things, _old, from old
+times_: nom. sg. sweord ... gomol, 2683; acc. sg. gomele lāfe, 2564; gomel
+swyrd, 2611; gamol is a more respectful word than eald.
+
+gamol-feax, adj., _with gray hair_: nom. sg., 609.
+
+gang, st. m.: 1) _gait, way_: dat. sg. on gange, 1885; gen. sg. ic hine ne
+mihte ... ganges ge-twǣman, _could not keep him from going_, 969.--2)
+_step, foot-step_: nom. sg. gang (the foot-print of the mother of Grendel),
+1405; acc. sg. uton hraðe fēran Grendles māgan gang scēawigan, 1392.--Comp.
+in-gang.
+
+be-gang, bi-gang, st. m., (_so far as something goes_), _extent_: acc. sg.
+ofer geofenes begang, _over the extent of the sea_, 362; ofer flōda begang,
+1827; under swegles begong, 861, 1774; flōda begong, 1498; sioleða bigong,
+2368.
+
+gangan. See under gān.
+
+ganot, st. m., _diver_, fulica marina: gen. sg. ofer ganotes bæð (i.e. the
+sea), 1862.
+
+gād, st. n., _lack_: nom. sg. ne bið þē wilna gād (_thou shalt have no lack
+of desirable_ [valuable] _things_), 661; similarly, 950.
+
+gān, _expanded_ = gangan, st. v., _to go_: pres. sg. III. gǣð ā Wyrd swā
+hīo scel, 455; gǣð eft ... tō medo, 605; þonne hē ... on flett gǣð, 2035;
+similarly, 2055; pres. subj. III. sg. gā þǣr hē wille, _let him go whither
+he will_, 1395; imp. sg. II. gā nū tō setle, 1783; nū þū lungre geong, hord
+scēawian, under hārne stān, 2744; inf. in gān, _to go in_, 386, 1645 'forð
+gān, _to go forth, to go thither_, 1164; þat hīe him tō mihton gegnum
+gangan, _to go towards, to go to_, 314; tō sele ... gangan cwōmon, 324; in
+a similar construction, gongan, 1643; nū gē mōton gangan ... Hrōðgār
+gesēon, 395; þā cōm of mōre ... Grendel gongan, _there came Grendel (going)
+from the fen_, 712; ongēan gramum gangan, _to go to meet the enemy, to go
+to the war_, 1035; cwōm ... tō hofe gongan, 1975; wutun gangan tō, _let us
+go thither_, 2649.--As preterite, serve, 1) gēong or gīong: hē tō healle
+gēong, 926; similarly, 2019; sē þe on orde gēong, _who went at the head,
+went in front, _3126; on innan gīong, _went in_, 2215; hē ... gīong tō þæs
+þe hē eorðsele ānne wisse, _went thither, where he knew of that earth-hall,
+_2410; þā se æðeling, gīong, þæt hē bī wealle gesæt, _then went the prince_
+(Bēowulf) _that he might sit down by the wall_, 2716.--2) gang: tō healle
+gang Healfdenes sunu, 1010; similarly, 1296; gang þā æfter flōre, _went
+along the floor, along the hall_, 1317.--3) gengde (Goth. gaggida): hē ...
+beforan gengde ..., wong scēawian, _went in front to inspect the fields_,
+1413; gengde, also of riding, 1402.--4) from another stem, ēode (Goth.
+iddja): ēode ellenrōf, þæt hē for eaxlum gestōd Deniga frēan, 358;
+similarly, 403; [wið duru healle Wulfgār ēode], _went towards the door of
+the hall_, 390; ēode Wealhþēow forð, _went forth_, 613; ēode tō hire frēan
+sittan, 641; ēode yrremōd, _went with angry feeling_, 727; ēode ... tō
+sele, 919; similarly, 1233; ēode ... þǣr se snottra bād, 1313; ēode weorð
+Denum æðeling tō yppan, _the prince_ (Bēowulf), _honored by the Danes, went
+to the high seat_, 1815; ēode ... under inwit-hrōf, 3124; pl. þǣr
+swīðferhðe sittan ēodon, 493; ēodon him þā tōgēanes, _went to meet him_,
+1627; ēodon under Earna næs, 3032.
+
+ā-gangan, _to go out, to go forth, to befall_: pret. part. swā bit āgangen
+wearð eorla manegum (_as it befell many a one of the earls_), 1235.
+
+full-gangan, _to emulate, to follow after_: pret. sg. þonne ... sceft nytte
+hēold, feðer-gearwum fūs flāne full-ēode, _when the shaft had employment,
+furnished with feathers it followed the arrow, did as the arrow_, 3120.
+
+ge-gān, ge-gangan: 1) _to go, to approach_: inf. (w. acc.) his mōdor ...
+gegān wolde sorhfulne sīð, 1278; sē þe gryre-sīðas gegān dorste, _who dared
+to go the ways of terror_ (to go into the combat), 1463; pret. sg. se maga
+geonga under his mǣges scyld elne geēode, _went quickly under his kinsman's
+shield_, 2677; pl. elne geēodon tō þæs þe ..., _went quickly thither where_
+..., 1968; pret. part. syððan hīe tō-gædre gegān hæfdon, _when they_
+(Wīglāf and the drake) _had come together_, 2631; þæt his aldres wæs ende
+gegongen, _that the end of his life had come_, 823; þā wæs endedæg gōdum
+gegongen, þæt se gūðcyning ... swealt, 3037.--2) _to obtain, to reach_:
+inf. (w. acc.) þonne hē æt gūðe gegān þenceð longsumne lof, 1536; ic mid
+elne sceall gold gegangan, 2537; gerund, næs þæt ȳðe cēap tō gegangenne
+gumena ǣnigum, 2417; pret. pl. elne geēodon ... þæt se byrnwīga būgan
+sceolde, 2918; pret. part. hæfde ... gegongen þæt, _had attained it, that_
+..., 894; hord ys gescēawod, grimme gegongen, 3086.--3) _to occur, to
+happen_: pres. sg. III. gif þæt gegangeð þæt ..., _if that happen, that_
+..., 1847; pret. sg. þæt geīode ufaran dōgrum hilde-hlæmmum, _it happened
+in later times to the warriors_ (the Gēatas), 2201; pret. part. þā wæs
+gegongen guman unfrōdum earfoðlīce þæt, _then it had happened to the young
+man in sorrowful wise that_ ..., 2822.
+
+oð-gangan, _to-go thither_: pret. pl. oð þæt hī oðēodon ... in Hrefnesholt,
+2935.
+
+ofer-gangan, w. acc., _to go over_: pret. sg. oferēode þā æðelinga bearn
+stēap stān-hliðo, _went over steep, rocky precipices_, 1409; pl.
+freoðo-wong þone forð oferēodon, 2960.
+
+ymb-gangan, w. acc., _to go around_: pret. ymb-ēode þā ides Helminga duguðe
+and geogoðe dǣl ǣghwylcne, _went around in every part, among the superior
+and the inferior warriors_, 621.
+
+gār, st. m., _spear, javelin, missile_: nom. sg., 1847, 3022; instr. sg.
+gāre, 1076; blōdigan gāre, 2441; gen. sg. gāres fliht, 1766; nom. pl.
+gāras, 328; gen. pl., 161(?).--Comp.: bon-, frum-gār.
+
+gār-cēne, adj., _spear-bold_: nom. sg., 1959.
+
+gār-cwealm, st. m., _murder, death by the spear_: acc. sg. gār-cwealm
+gumena, 2044.
+
+gār-holt, st. n., _forest of spears_, i.e. crowd of spears: acc. sg., 1835.
+
+gār-secg, st. m. (cf. Grimm, in Haupt l. 578), _sea, ocean_: acc. sg. on
+gār-secg, 49, 537; ofer gār-secg, 515.
+
+gār-wiga, w. m., _one who fights with the spear_: dat. sg. geongum
+gār-wigan, of Wīglāf, 2675, 2812.
+
+gār-wīgend, pres. part., _fighting with spear, spear-fighter_: acc. pl.
+gār-wīgend, 2642.
+
+gāst, gǣst, st. m., _ghost, demon_: acc. sg. helle gāst (Grendel), 1275;
+gen. sg. wergan gāstes (of Grendel), 133; (of the tempter), 1748; gen. pl.
+dyrnra gāsta (Grendel's race), 1358; gǣsta gīfrost (_flames consuming
+corpses_), 1124.--Comp.: ellor-, geō-sceaft-gāst; ellen-, wæl-gǣst.
+
+gāst-bana, w. m., _slayer of the spirit_, i.e. the devil: nom. sg.
+gāst-bona, 177.
+
+gædeling, st. m., _he who is connected with another, relation, companion_:
+gen. sg. gædelinges, 2618; dat. pl. mid his gædelingum, 2950.
+
+æt-gædere, adv., _together, united_: 321, 1165, 1191; samod ætgædere, 329,
+387, 730, 1064.
+
+tō-gadere, adv., _together_, 2631.
+
+gæst, gist, gyst, st. m., _stranger, guest_: nom. sg. gæst, 1801; se gæst
+(the drake), 2313; se grimma gæst (Grendel), 102; gist, 1139, 1523; acc.
+sg. gryre-līcne gist (the nixy slain by Bēowulf), 1442; dat. sg. gyste,
+2229; nom. pl. gistas, 1603; acc. pl. gæs[tas], 1894.--Comp.: fēðe-,
+gryre-, inwit-, nīð-, sele-gæst (-gyst).
+
+gæst-sele, st. m., _hall in which the guests spend their time, guest-hall_:
+acc. sg., 995.
+
+gē, conj., _and_, 1341; gē ... gē ..., _as well ... as ..._, 1865; gē ...
+gē ..., gē ..., 1249; gē swylce, _and likewise, and moreover_, 2259.
+
+gē, pron., _ye, you_, plur. of þū, 237, 245, etc.
+
+gegn-cwide, st. m., _reply_: gen. pl. þīnra gegn-cwida, 367.
+
+gegnum, adv., _thither, towards, away_, with the prep, tō, ofer, giving the
+direction: þæt hīe him tō mihton gegnum gangan (_that they might go
+thither_), 314; gegnum fōr [þā] ofer myrcan mōr, _away over the dark moor_,
+1405.
+
+gehðu, geohðu, st. f., _sorrow, care_: instr. sg. giohðo mǣnde, 2268; dat.
+sg. on gehðo, 3096; on giohðe, 2794.
+
+gēn (from gegn), adv., _yet, again_. ne wæs hit lenge þā gēn, þæt ..., _it
+was not then long before_ ..., 83; ic sceal forð sprecan gēn ymb Grendel,
+_shall from now on speak again of Grendel_, 2071; nō þȳ ǣr ūt þā gēn ...
+gongan wolde (_still he would not yet go out_), 2082; gēn is eall æt þē
+lissa gelong (_yet all my favor belongs to thee_), 2150; þā gēn, _then
+again_, 2678, 2703; swā hē nū gēn dēð, _as he still does_, 2860; furður
+gēn, _further still, besides_, 3007; nū gēn, _now again_, 3169; ne gēn, _no
+more, no farther_: ne wæs þæt wyrd þā gēn, _that was no more fate_ (fate no
+longer willed that), 735.
+
+gēna, _still_: cwico wæs þā gēna, _was still living_, 3094.
+
+genga, w. m., _goer_; in comp. in-, sǣ-, sceadu-genga.
+
+gengde. See gān(3).
+
+genge. See ūð-genge.
+
+gēnunga (from gegnunga), adv., _precisely, completely_, 2872.
+
+gerwan, gyrwan, w. v.: 1) _to prepare, to make ready, to put in condition_:
+pret. pl. gestsele gyredon, 995.--2) _to equip, to arm for battle_: pret.
+sg. gyrede hine Bēowulf eorl-gewǣdum (_dressed himself in the armor_),
+1442.
+
+ge-gyrwan: 1) _to make, to prepare_: pret. pl. him þā gegiredan Gēata lēode
+ād ... unwāclīcne, 3138; pret. part. glōf ... eall gegyrwed dēofles cræftum
+and dracan fellum, 2088.--2) _to fit out, to make ready_: inf. cēol
+gegyrwan hilde-wǣpnum and heaðowǣdum, 38; hēt him ȳðlidan gōdne gegyrwan,
+_had (his) good ship fitted up for him_, 199. Also, _to provide warlike
+equipment_: pret. part. syððan hē hine tō gūðe gegyred hæfde, 1473.--3) _to
+endow, to provide, to adorn_: pret. part. nom. sg. beado-hrægl ... golde
+gegyrwed, 553; acc. sg. lāfe ... golde gegyrede, 2193; acc. pl. mādmas ...
+golde gegyrede, 1029.
+
+gētan, w. v., _to injure, to slay_: inf., 2941.
+
+be-gēte, adj., _attainable_; in comp. ēð-begēte.
+
+geador, adv., _unitedly, together, jointly_, 836; geador ætsomne, 491.
+
+on-geador, adv., _unitedly, together_, 1596.
+
+gealdor, st. n.: 1) _sound_: acc. sg. bȳman gealdor, 2944.--2) _magic
+song, incantation, spell_: instr. sg. þonne wæs þæt yrfe ... galdre
+bewunden (_placed under a spell_), 3053.
+
+gealga, w. m., _gallows_: dat. sg. þæt his byre rīde giong on galgan, 2447.
+
+gealg-mōd, adj., _gloomy_: nom. sg. gīfre and galgmōd, 1278.
+
+gealg-trēow, st. n., _gallows_: dat. pl. on galg-trēowu[m], 2941.
+
+geard, st. m., _residence_; in Bēowulf corresponding to the house-complex
+of a prince's residence, used only in the plur.: acc. in geardas (_in
+Finn's castle_), 1135; dat. in geardum, 13, 2460; of geardum, 1139; ǣr hē
+on weg hwurfe ... of geardum, _before he went away from his
+dwelling-place_, i.e. died, 265.--Comp. middan-geard.
+
+gearo, adj., properly, _made, prepared_; hence, _ready, finished,
+equipped_: nom. sg. þæt hit wearð eal gearo, heal-ærna mǣst, 77; wiht
+unhǣlo ... gearo sōna wæs, _the demon of destruction was quickly ready, did
+not delay long_, 121; Here-Scyldinga betst beadorinca wæs on bǣl gearu,
+_was ready for the funeral-pile_ (for the solemn burning), 1110; þēod (is)
+eal gearo, _the warriors are altogether ready, always prepared_, 1231;
+hraðe wæs æt holme hȳð-weard gearo (geara, MS.), 1915; gearo gūð-freca,
+2415; sīe sīo bǣr gearo ǣdre geæfned, _let the bier be made ready at once_,
+3106. With gen.: gearo gyrnwræce, _ready for revenge for harm done_, 2119,
+acc. sg. gearwe stōwe, 1007; nom. pl. beornas gearwe, 211; similarly, 1814.
+
+gearwe, gearo, geare, adv., _completely, entirely_: nē gē ... gearwe ne
+wisson, _you do not know at all_ ..., 246; similarly, 879; hine gearwe
+geman witena welhwyle (_remembers him very well_), 265; wisse hē gearwe þæt
+..., _he knew very well that_ ..., 2340, 2726; þæt ic ... gearo scēawige
+swegle searogimmas (_that I may see the treasures altogether, as many as
+they are_), 2749; ic wāt geare þæt ..., 2657.--Comp. gearwor, _more
+readily, rather_, 3077.--Superl. gearwost, 716.
+
+gearo-folm, adj., _with ready hand_, 2086.
+
+gearwe, st. f., _equipment, dress_; in comp. feðer-gearwe.
+
+geat, st. n., _opening, door_; in comp. ben-, hilde-geat.
+
+geato-līc, adj., _well prepared, handsome, splendid_: of sword and armor,
+215, 1563, 2155; of Heorot, 308. Adv.: wīsa fengel geatolīc gengde, _passed
+on in a stately manner_, 1402.
+
+geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment, adornment_: acc. recedes geatwa, _the
+ornaments of the dragon's cave_ (its treasures), 3089.--Comp.: ēored-,
+gryre-, gūð-, hilde-, wīg-geatwe.
+
+gēan (from gegn), adv. in
+
+on-gēan, adv. and prep., _against, towards_: þæt hē mē ongēan slēa, 682;
+rǣhte ongēan fēond mid folme, 748; foran ongēan, _forward towards_, 2365.
+With dat.: ongēan gramum, _against the enemy_, 1035.
+
+tō-gēanes, tō-genes, prep, _against, towards_: Grendle tōgēanes, _towards
+Grendel, against Grendel_, 667; grāp þā tōgēanes, _she grasped at_
+(Bēowulf), 1502; similarly, him tōgēanes fēng, 1543; ēodon him þā tōgēanes,
+_went towards him_, 1627; hēt þā gebēodan ... þæt hīe bǣl-wudu feorran
+feredon gōdum tōgēnes, _had it ordered that they should bring the wood from
+far for the funeral-pyre towards the good man_ (i.e. to the place where the
+dead Bēowulf lay), 3115.
+
+gēap, adj., _roomy, extensive, wide_: nom. sg. reced ... gēap, _the roomy
+hall_, 1801; acc. sg. under gēapne hrōf, 837.--Comp.: horn-, sǣ-gēap.
+
+geār, st. n., _year_: nom. sg., 1135; gen. pl. geāra, in adverbial sense,
+olim, _in former times_, 2665. See un-geāra.
+
+geār-dagas, st. m. pl., _former days_: dat. pl. in (on) geār-dagum, 1,
+1355.
+
+geofe. See gifu.
+
+geofon, gifen, gyfen (see Kuhn Zeitschr. I. 137), st. n., _sea, flood_:
+nom. sg. geofon, 515; gifen gēotende, _the streaming flood_, 1691; gen. sg.
+geofenes begang, 362; gyfenes, 1395.
+
+geogoð, st. f.: 1) _youth, time of youth_: dat. sg. on geogoðe, 409, 466,
+2513; on giogoðe, 2427; gen. gioguðe, 2113.--2) contrasted with duguð, _the
+younger warriors of lower rank_ (about as in the Middle Ages, the squires
+with the knights): nom. sg. geogoð, 66; giogoð, 1191; acc. sg. geogoðe,
+1182; gen. duguðe and geogoðe, 160; duguðe and iogoðe (geogoðe), 1675, 622.
+
+geoguð-feorh, st. n., _age of youth_, i.e. age in which one still belongs
+in the ranks of the geogoð: on geogoð- (geoguð-) fēore, 537, 2665.
+
+geohðo. See gehðo.
+
+geolo, adj., _yellow_: acc. sg. geolwe linde (_the shield of yellow linden
+bark_), 2611.
+
+geolo-rand, st. m., _yellow shield_ (shield with a covering of interlaced
+yellow linden bark): acc. sg., 438.
+
+geond, prep. w. acc., _through, throughout, along, over_: geond þisne
+middangeard, _through the earth, over the earth_, 75; wide geond eorðan,
+266, 3100; fērdon folctogan ... geond wīd-wegas, _went along the ways
+coming from afar_, 841; similarly, 1705; geond þæt sæld, _through the hall,
+through the extent of the hall_, 1281; similarly, 1982, 2265.
+
+geong, adj., _young, youthful_: nom. sg., 13, 20, 855, etc.; giong, 2447;
+w. m. se maga geonga, 2676; acc. sg. geongne gūðcyning, 1970; dat. sg.
+geongum, 1949, 2045, 2675, etc.; on swā geongum feore, _at a so youthful
+age_, 1844; geongan cempan, 2627; acc. pl. geonge, 2019; dat. pl. geongum
+and ealdum, 72.--Superl. gingest, _the last_: nom. sg. w. f. gingeste word,
+2818.
+
+georn, adj., _striving, eager_, w. gen. of the thing striven for: eft sīðes
+georn, 2784.--Comp. lof-georn.
+
+georne, adv., _readily, willingly_: þæt him wine-māgas georne hȳrdon, 66;
+georne truwode, 670.--_zealously, eagerly_: sōhte georne æfter grunde,
+_eagerly searched over the ground_, 2295.--_carefully, industriously_: nō
+ic him þæs georne ætfealh (_held him not fast enough_), 969.--_completely,
+exactly_: comp. wiste þē geornor, 822.
+
+geō, iū, adv., _once, formerly, earlier_, 1477; giō, 2522; iū, 2460.
+
+gēoc, st. f., _help, support_: acc. sg. gēoce gefremman, 2675; þæt him
+gāst-bona gēoce gefremede wið þēod-þrēaum, 177; gēoce gelȳfde, _believed
+in the help_ (of Bēowulf), 609; dat. sg. tō gēoce, 1835.
+
+gēocor, adj., _ill, bad_: nom. sg., 766.--See Haupt's Zeitschrift 8, p. 7.
+
+geō-man, iū-man, st. m., _man of former times_: gen. pl. iū-manna, 3053.
+
+geō-meowle, w. f., (_formerly a virgin), wife_: acc. sg. īo-meowlan, 2932.
+
+geōmor, adj., _with depressed feelings, sad, troubled_: nom. sg. him wæs
+geōmor sefa, 49, 2420, 2633, 2951; mōdes geōmor, 2101; fem. þæt wæs geōmuru
+ides, 1076.
+
+geōmore, adv., _sadly_, 151.
+
+geōmor-gid, st. n., _dirge_: acc. sg. giōmor-gyd, 3151.
+
+geōmor-līc, adj., _sad, painful_: swā bið geōmorlīc gomelum ceorle tō
+gebīdanne þæt..., _it is painful to an old man to experience it, that ..._,
+2445.
+
+geōmor-mōd, adj., _sad, sorrowful_: nom. sg., 2045, 3019; giōmor-mōd, 2268.
+
+geōmrian, w. v., _to complain, to lament_: pret. sg. geōmrode giddum, 1119.
+
+geō-sceaft, st. f., (_fixed in past times), fate_: acc. sg. geōsceaft
+grimme, 1235.
+
+geōsceaft-gāst, st. m., _demon sent by fate_: gen. pl. fela
+geōsceaft-gāsta, of Grendel and his race, 1267.
+
+gēotan, st. v. intrans., _to pour, to flow, to stream_: pres. part. gifen
+gēotende, 1691.
+
+gicel, st. m., _icicle_: in comp. hilde-gicel.
+
+gid, gyd, st. n., _speech, solemn alliterative song_: nom. sg. þǣr wæs ...
+gid oft wrecen, 1066; lēoð wæs āsungen, glēomannes gyd, _the song was sung,
+the gleeman's lay_, 1161; þǣr wæs gidd and glēo, 2106; acc. sg. ic þis gid
+āwræc, 1724; gyd āwræc, 2109; gyd æfter wræc, 2155; þonne hē gyd wrece,
+2447; dat. pl. giddum, 151, 1119; gen. pl. gidda gemyndig, 869.--Comp.:
+geōmor-, word-gid.
+
+giddian, w. v., _to speak, to speak in alliteration_: pret. gyddode, 631.
+
+gif, conj.: 1) _if_, w. ind., 442, 447, 527, 662, etc.; gyf, 945, etc. With
+subj., 452, 594, 1482, etc.; gyf, 280, 1105, etc.--2) _whether_, w. ind.,
+272; w. subj., 1141, 1320.
+
+gifa, geofa, w. m., _giver_; in comp. gold-, sinc-, wil-gifa (-geofa).
+
+gifan, st. v., _to give_: inf. giofan, 2973; pret. sg. nallas bēagas geaf
+Denum, 1720; hē mē [māðmas] geaf, 2147; and similarly, 2174, 2432, 2624,
+etc.; pret. pl. gēafon (hyne) on gārsecg, 49; pret. part. þā wæs Hrōðgāre
+here-spēd gyfen, 64; þā wæs gylden hilt gamelum rince ... on hand gyfen,
+1679; syððan ǣrest wearð gyfen ... geongum cempan (_given in marriage_),
+1949.
+
+ā-gifan, _to give, to impart_: inf. andsware ... āgifan, _to give an
+answer_, 355; pret. sg. sōna him se frōda fæder Ōhtheres ... ondslyht āgeaf
+(_gave him a counter-blow_), (_hand-blow_?), 2930.
+
+for-gyfan, _to give, to grant_: pret. sg. him þæs līf-frēa ... worold-āre
+forgeaf, 17; þǣm tō hām forgeaf Hrēðel Gēata āngan dōhtor (_gave in
+marriage_), 374; similarly, 2998; hē mē lond forgeaf, _granted me land_,
+2493; similarly, 697, 1021, 2607, 2617; mægen-rǣs forgeaf hilde-bille, _he
+gave with his battle-sword a mighty blow_, i.e. he struck with full force,
+1520.
+
+of-gifan, (_to give up_), _to leave_: inf. þæt se mǣra maga Ecgþēowes
+grund-wong þone ofgyfan wolde (_was fated to leave the earth-plain_), 2589;
+pret. sg. þās worold ofgeaf gromheort guma, 1682; similarly, gumdrēam
+ofgeaf, 2470; Dena land ofgeaf, 1905; pret. pl. næs ofgēafon hwate
+Scyldingas, _left the promontory_, 1601; þæt þā hildlatan holt ofgēfan,
+_that the cowards left the wood_ (into which they had fled), 2847; sg.
+pret. for pl. þāra þe þis [līf] ofgeaf, 2252.
+
+gifeðe, adj., _given, granted_: Gūðfremmendra swylcum gifeðe bið þæt...,
+_to such a warrior is it granted that_..., 299; similarly, 2682; swā mē
+gifeðe wæs, 2492; þǣr mē gifeðe swā ǣnig yrfeweard æfter wurde, _if an
+heir_, (living) _after me, had been given me_, 2731.--Neut. as subst.: wæs
+þæt gifeðe tō swīð, þē þone [þēoden] þyder ontyhte, _the fate was too harsh
+that has drawn hither the king_, 3086; gyfeðe, 555, 820.--Comp. un-gifeðe.
+
+gif-heal, st. f., _hall in which fiefs were bestowed, throne-hall_: acc.
+sg. ymb þā gifhealle, 839.
+
+gif-sceat, st. m., _gift of value_: acc. pl. gif-sceattas, 378.
+
+gif-stōl, st. m., _seat from which fiefs are granted, throne_: nom. sg.,
+2328; acc. sg., 168.
+
+gift, st. f., _gift, present_: in comp. feoh-gift.
+
+gifu, geofu, st. f., _gift, present, grant; fief_: nom. sg. gifu, 1885 acc.
+sg. gimfæste gife þē him god sealde, _the great gift that God had granted
+him_ (i.e. the enormous strength), 1272; ginfæstan gife þē him god sealde,
+2183; dat. pl. (as instr.) geofum, 1959; gen. pl. gifa, 1931; geofena,
+1174.--Comp.: māððum-, sinc-gifu.
+
+gīgant, st. m., _giant_: nom. pl. gīgantas, 113; gen. pl. gīganta, 1563,
+1691.
+
+gild, gyld, st. n., _reparation_: in comp. wiðer-gyld(?).
+
+gildan, gyldan, st. v., _to do something in return, to repay, to reward, to
+pay_: inf. gomban gyldan, _pay tribute_, 11; hē mid gōde gyldan wille
+uncran eaferan, 1185; wē him þā gūðgeatwa gyldan woldon, 2637; pret. sg.
+heaðorǣsas geald mēarum and māðmum, _repaid the battles with horses and
+treasures_, 1048; similarly, 2492; geald þone gūðrǣs ... Jofore and Wulfe
+mid ofermāðmum, _repaid Eofor and Wulf the battle with exceedingly great
+treasures_, 2992.
+
+an-gildan, _to pay for_: pret. sg. sum sāre angeald ǣfenræste, _one_
+(Æschere) _paid for the evening-rest with death's pain_, 1252.
+
+ā-gildan, _to offer one's self_: pret. sg. þā mē sǣl āgeald, _when the
+favorable opportunity offered itself_, 1666; similarly, þā him rūm āgeald,
+2691.
+
+for-gildan, _to repay, to do something in return, to reward_: pres. subj.
+sg. III. alwalda þec gōde forgylde, _may the ruler of all reward thee with
+good_, 957; inf. þone ǣnne heht golde forgyldan, _he ordered that the one_
+(killed by Grendel) _be paid for_ (atoned for) _with gold_, 1055; hē ...
+wolde Grendle for-gyldan gūðrǣsa fela, _wished to pay Grendel for many
+attacks_, 1578; wolde se lāða līge forgyldan drinc-fæt dȳre, _the enemy
+wished to repay with fire the costly drinking vessel_ (the theft of it),
+2306; pret. sg. hē him þæs lēan forgeald, _he gave them the reward
+therefore_, 114; similarly, 1542, 1585, 2095; forgeald hraðe wyrsan wrixle
+wælhlem þone, _repaid the murderous blow with a worse exchange_, 2969.
+
+gilp, gylp, st. m., _speech in which one promises great things for himself
+in a coming combat, defiant speech, boasting speech_: acc. sg. hæfde ...
+Gēat-mecga lēod gilp gelǣsted (_had fulfilled what he had claimed for
+himself before the battle_), 830; nallas on gylp seleð fǣtte bēagas, _gives
+no chased gold rings for a boastful speech_, 1750; þæt ic wið þone
+gūðflogan gylp ofersitte, _restrain myself from the speech of defiance_,
+2529; dat. sg. gylpe wiðgrīpan (_fulfil my promise of battle_),
+2522.--Comp. dol-gilp.
+
+gilpan, gylpan, st. v. w. gen., acc., and dat., _to make a defiant speech,
+to boast, to exult insolently_: pres. sg. I. nō ic þæs gilpe (after a break
+in the text), 587; sg. III. morðres gylpeð, _boasts of the murder_, 2056;
+inf. swā ne gylpan þearf Grendles maga ǣnig ... ūhthlem þone, 2007; nealles
+folc-cyning fyrdgesteallum gylpan þorfte, _had no need to boast of his
+fellow-warrior_, 2875; pret. sg. hrēðsigora ne gealp goldwine Gēata, _did
+not exult at the glorious victory_ (could not gain the victory over the
+drake), 2584.
+
+gilp-cwide, st. m., _speech in which a man promises much for himself for a
+coming combat, speech of defiance_: nom. sg., 641.
+
+gilp-hlæden, pret. part., _laden with boasts of defiance_ (i.e. he who has
+made many such boasts, and consequently has been victorious in many
+combats), _covered with glory_: nom. sg. guma gilp-hlæden, 869.
+
+gilp-sprǣc, same as gilp-cwide, _speech of defiance, boastful speech_: dat.
+sg. on gylp-sprǣce, 982.
+
+gilp-word, st. n., _defiant word before the coming combat, vaunting word_:
+gen. pl. gespræc ... gylp-worda sum, 676.
+
+gim, st. m., _gem, precious stone, jewel_: nom. sg. heofones gim, _heaven's
+jewel_, i.e. the sun, 2073. Comp. searo-gim.
+
+gimme-rīce, adj., _rich in jewels_: acc. sg. gimme-rīce hord-burh hæleða,
+466.
+
+gin (according to Bout., ginne), adj., properly _gaping_, hence, _wide,
+extended_: acc. sg. gynne grund (_the bottom of the sea_), 1552.
+
+gin-fæst, adj., _extensive, rich_: acc. sg. gim-fæste gife (gim-, on
+account of the following _f_), 1272; in weak form, gin-fæstan gife, 2183.
+
+ginnan, st. v., original meaning, _to be open, ready_; in
+
+on-ginnan, _to begin, to undertake_: pret. oð þæt ān ongan fyrene fremman
+fēond on helle, 100; secg eft ongan sīð Bēowulfes snyttrum styrian, 872; þā
+þæt sweord ongan ... wanian, _the sword began to diminish_, 1606; Higelāc
+ongan sīnne geseldan ... fægre fricgean, _began with propriety to question
+his companion_, 1984, etc.; ongon, 2791; pret. pl. nō hēr cūðlīcor cuman
+ongunnon lindhæbbende, _no shield-bearing men e'er undertook more openly to
+come hither_, 244; pret. part. hæbbe ic mǣrða fela ongunnen on geogoðe,
+_have in my youth undertaken many deeds of renown_, 409.
+
+gist. See gæst.
+
+gistran, adv., _yesterday_: gystran niht, _yesterday night_, 1335.
+
+git, pron., _ye two_, dual of þū, 508, 512, 513, etc.
+
+gīt, gȳt, adv., _yet; then still_, 536, 1128, 1165, 2142; _hitherto_, 957;
+nǣfre gīt, _never yet_, 583; _still_, 945, 1059, 1135; _once more_, 2513;
+_moreover_, 47, 1051, 1867.
+
+gitan (original meaning, _to take hold of, to seize, to attain_), in
+
+be-gitan, w. acc., _to grasp, to seize, to reach_: pret. sg. begeat, 1147,
+2231; þā hine wīg beget, _when war seized him, came upon him_, 2873;
+similarly, begeat, 1069; pret. pl. hit ǣr on þē gōde be-geāton, _good men
+received it formerly from thee_, 2250; subj. sg. for pl. þæt wæs Hrōðgāre
+hrēowa tornost þāra þe lēodfruman lange begeāte, _the bitterest of the
+troubles that for a long time had befallen the people's chief_, 2131.
+
+for-gitan, w. acc., _to forget_: pres. sg. III. hē þā forðgesceaft forgyteð
+and forgȳmeð, 1752.
+
+an-gitan, on-gitan, w. acc.: 1) _to take hold of, to grasp_: imp. sg.
+gumcyste ongit, _lay hold of manly virtue, of what becomes the man_, 1724;
+pret. sg. þē hine se brōga angeat, _whom terror seized_, 1292.--2) _to
+grasp intellectually, to comprehend, to perceive, to distinguish, to
+behold_: pres. subj. I. þæt ic ǣrwelan ... ongite, _that I may behold the
+ancient wealth_ (the treasures of the drake's cave), 2749; inf. sæl timbred
+... ongytan, 308, 1497; Gēata clifu ongitan, 1912; pret. sg. fyren-þearfe
+ongeat, _had perceived their distress from hostile snares_, 14; ongeat ...
+grund-wyrgenne, _beheld the she-wolf of the bottom_, 1519; pret. pl.
+bearhtm ongeāton, gūðhorn galan, _perceived the noise_, (heard) _the
+battle-trumpet sound_, 1432; syððan hīe Hygelāces horn and bȳman gealdor
+ongeāton, 2945.
+
+gīfre, adj., _greedy, eager_: nom. sg. gīfre and galgmōd, of Grendel's
+mother, 1278.--Superl.: līg..., gǣsta gīfrost, 1124.--Comp. heoro-gīfre.
+
+gītsian, w. v., _to be greedy_: pres. sg. III. gȳtsað, 1750.
+
+gio-, giō-. see geo-, geō-.
+
+gladian, w. v., _to gleam, to shimmer_: pres. pl. III. on him gladiað
+gomelra lāfe, _upon him gleams the legacy of the men of ancient times_
+(armor), 2037.
+
+glæd, adj., _gracious, friendly_ (as a form of address for princes): nom.
+sg. bēo wið Gēatas glæd, 1174; acc. sg. glædne Hrōðgār, 864; glædne
+Hrōðulf, 1182; dat. sg. gladum suna Frōdan, 2026.
+
+glæde, adv., _in a gracious, friendly way_, 58.
+
+glædnian, w. v., _to rejoice_: inf. w. gen., 367.
+
+glæd-mōd, adj., _joyous, glad_, 1786.
+
+glēd, st. f., _fire, flame_: nom. sg., 2653, 3115; dat. (instr.) pl.
+glēdum, 2313, 2336, 2678, 3042.
+
+glēd-egesa, w. m., _terror on account of fire, fire-terror_: nom. sg.
+glēd-egesa grim (_the fire-spewing of the drake_), 2651.
+
+glēaw (Goth, glaggwu-s), adj., _considerate, well-bred_, of social conduct;
+in comp. un-glēaw.
+
+glēo, st. n., _social entertainment_, (especially by music, play, and
+jest): nom. sg. þǣr wæs gidd and glēo, 2106.
+
+glēo-bēam, st. m., _(tree of social entertainment, of music), harp._ gen.
+sg. glēo-bēames, 2264.
+
+glēo-drēam, st. _m., joyous carrying-on in social entertainment, mirth,
+social gaiety_: acc. sg. gamen and glēo-drēam, 3022.
+
+glēo-man, m., _(gleeman, who enlivens the social entertainment, especially
+with music), harper_: gen. sg. glēomannes gyd, 1161.
+
+glitinian (O.H.G. glizinōn), w. v., _to gleam, to light, to glitter_: inf.
+geseah þā ... gold glitinian, 2759.
+
+glīdan, st. v., _to glide_: pret. sg. syððan heofones gim glād ofer
+grundas, _after heaven's gem had glided over the fields_ (after the sun had
+set), 2074; pret. pl. glidon ofer gārsecg, _you glided over the ocean_
+(swimming), 515.
+
+tō-glīdan _(to glide asunder), to separate, to fall asunder_: pret.
+gūð-helm tō-glād (Ongenþēow's helmet was split asunder by the blow of
+Eofor), 2488.
+
+glōf, st. f., _glove_: nom. sg. glōf hangode, (on Grendel) _a glove hung_,
+2086.
+
+gnēað, adj., _niggardly_: nom. sg. f. næs hīo ... tō gnēað gifa Gēata
+lēodum, _was not too niggardly with gifts to the people of the Gēatas_,
+1931.
+
+gnorn, st. m., _sorrow, sadness_: acc. sg. gnorn þrowian, 2659.
+
+gnornian, w. v., _to be sad, to complain_: pret. sg. earme ... ides
+gnornode, 1118.
+
+be-gnornian, w. acc., _to bemoan, to mourn for_: pret. pl. begnornodon ...
+hlāfordes [hry]re, _bemoaned their lord's fall_, 3180.
+
+god, st. m., _god_: nom. sg., 13, 72, 478, etc.; hālig god, 381, 1554;
+wītig god, 686; mihtig god, 702; acc. sg. god, 812; ne wiston hīe drihten
+god, _did not know the Lord God_, 181; dat. sg. gode, 113, 227, 626, etc.;
+gen. sg. godes, 570, 712, 787, etc.
+
+gold, st. n., _gold_: nom. sg., 3013, 3053; icge gold, 1108; wunden gold,
+_wound gold, gold in ring-form_, 1194, 3136; acc. sg. gold, 2537, 2759,
+2794, 3169; hǣðen gold, _heathen gold_ (that from the drake's cave), 2277;
+brād gold, _massive gold_, 3106; dat. instr. sg. golde, 1055, 2932, 3019;
+fǣttan golde, _with chased gold, with gold in plate-form_, 2103; gehroden
+golde, _covered with gold, gilded_, 304; golde gegyrwed (gegyrede),
+_provided with, ornamented with gold_, 553, 1029, 2193; golde geregnad,
+_adorned with gold_, 778; golde fāhne (hrōf), _the roof shining with gold_,
+928; bunden golde, _bound with gold_ (see under bindan), 1901; hyrsted
+golde (helm), _the helmet ornamented with, mounted with gold_, 2256; gen.
+sg. goldes, 2302; fǣttan goldes, 1094, 2247; scīran goldes, _of pure gold_,
+1695. --Comp. fæt-gold.
+
+gold-ǣht, st. f., _possessions in gold, treasure_: acc. sg., 2749.
+
+gold-fāh, adj., _variegated with gold, shining with gold_: nom. sg. reced
+... gold-fāh, 1801; acc. sg. gold-fāhne helm, 2812; nom. pl. gold-fāg
+scinon web æfter wāgum, _variegated with gold, the tapestry gleamed along
+the walls_, 995.
+
+gold-gifa, w. m., _gold-giver_, designation of the prince: acc. sg. mid
+mīnne goldgyfan, 2653.
+
+gold-hroden, pret. part., _(covered with gold), ornamented with gold_: nom.
+sg., 615, 641, 1949, 2026; epithet of women of princely rank.
+
+gold-hwæt, adj., _striving after gold, greedy for gold_: næs hē goldhwæt,
+_he_ (Bēowulf) _was not greedy for gold_ (he did not fight against the
+drake for his treasure, cf. 3067 ff.) 3075.
+
+gold-māðm, st. m., _jewel of gold_: acc. pl. gold-māðmas (the treasures of
+the drake's cave), 2415.
+
+gold-sele, st. m., _gold-hall_, i.e. the hall in which the gold was
+distributed, ruler's hall: acc. sg., 716, 1254; dat. sg. gold-sele, 1640,
+2084.
+
+gold-weard, st. m., _gold-ward, defender of the gold_: acc. sg. (of the
+drake), 3082.
+
+gold-wine, st. m., _friend who distributes gold_, i.e. ruler, prince: nom.
+sg. (partly as voc.) goldwine gumena, 1172, 1477, 1603; goldwine Gēata,
+2420, 2585.
+
+gold-wlanc, adj., _proud of gold_: nom. sg. gūðrinc goldwlanc (Bēowulf
+rewarded with gold by Hrōðgār on account of his victory), 1882.
+
+gomban, gomel, gomen. See gamban, gamal, gamen.
+
+gong, gongan. See gang, gangan.
+
+gōd, adj., _good, fit_, of persons and things: nom. sg., 11, 195, 864,
+2264, 2391, etc.; frōd and gōd, 279; w. dat. cyning æðelum gōd, _the king
+noble in birth_, 1871; gumcystum gōd, 2544; w. gen. wes þū ūs lārena gōd,
+_be good to us with teaching_ (help us thereto through thy instruction),
+269; in weak form, se gōda, 205, 355, 676, 1191, etc.; acc. sg. gōdne, 199,
+347, 1596, 1970, etc.; gumcystum gōdne, 1487; neut. gōd, 1563; dat. sg.
+gōdum, 3037, 3115; þǣm gōdan, 384, 2328; nom. pl. gōde, 2250; þā gōdan,
+1164; acc. pl. gōde, 2642; dat. pl. gōdum dǣdum, 2179; gen. pl. gōdra
+gūðrinca, 2649.--Comp. ǣr-gōd.
+
+gōd, st. n.: 1) _good that is done, benefit, gift_: instr. sg. gōde, 20,
+957, 1185; gōde mǣre, _renowned on account of her gifts_ (Þrȳðo), 1953;
+instr. pl. gōdum, 1862.--2) _ability_, especially in fight: gen. pl. nāt hē
+þāra gōda, 682.
+
+gram, adj., _hostile_: gen. sg. on grames grāpum, _in the gripe of the
+enemy_ (Bēowulf), 766; nom. pl. þā graman, 778; dat. pl. gramum, 424, 1035.
+
+gram-heort, adj., _of a hostile heart, hostile_: nom. sg. grom-heort guma,
+1683.
+
+gram-hȳdig, adj., _with hostile feeling, maliciously inclined_: nom. sg.
+gromhȳdig, 1750.
+
+grāp, st. f., _the hand ready to grasp, hand, claw_: dat. sg. mid grāpe,
+438; on grāpe, 555; gen. sg. eal ... Grendles grāpe, _all of Grendel's
+claw, the whole claw_, 837; dat. pl. on grames grāpum, 766; (as instr.)
+grimman grāpum, _with grim claws_, 1543.--Comp.: fēond-, hilde-grāp.
+
+grāpian, w. v., _to grasp, to lay hold of, to seize_: pret. sg. þæt hire
+wið halse heard grāpode, _that_ (the sword) _griped hard at her neck_,
+1567; hē ... grāpode gearofolm, _he took hold with ready hand_, 2086.
+
+græs-molde, w. f., _grass-plot_: acc. sg. græsmoldan træd, _went over the
+grass-plot_, 1882.
+
+grǣdig, adj., _greedy, hungry, voracious_: nom. sg. grim and grǣdig, 121,
+1500; acc. sg. grǣdig gūðlēoð, 1523.
+
+grǣg, adj., _gray_: nom. pl. æsc-holt ufan grǣg, _the ashen wood, gray
+above_ (the spears with iron points) 330; acc. pl. grǣge syrcan, _gray_
+(i.e. iron) _shirts of mail_, 334.
+
+grǣg-mǣl, adj., _having a gray color_, here = _iron_: nom. sg. sweord
+Bēowulfes gomol and grǣgmǣl, 2683.
+
+grǣpe. See æt-grǣpe.
+
+grētan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute_: inf. hine swā gōdne
+grētan, 347; Hrōðgār grētan, 1647, 2011; ēowic grētan hēt (_bade me bring
+you his last greeting_), 3096; pret. sg. grētte Gēata lēod, 626; grētte þā
+guma ōðerne, 653; Hrōðgār grētte, 1817.-- 2) _to come on, to come near, to
+seek out; to touch; to take hold of_: inf. gifstōl grētan, _take possession
+of the throne, mount it as ruler_, 168; næs se folccyning ǣnig ... þē mec
+gūðwinum grētan dorste (_attack with swords_), 2736; Wyrd ... sē þone
+gomelan grētan sceolde, 2422; þæt þone sin-scaðan gūðbilla nān grētan
+nolde, _that no sword would take hold upon the irreconcilable enemy_, 804;
+pret. sg. grētte goldhroden guman on healle, _the gold-adorned_ (queen)
+_greeted the men in the hall_, 615; nō hē mid hearme ... gæstas grētte,
+_did not approach the strangers with insults_, 1894; gomenwudu grētte,
+_touched the wood of joy, played the harp_, 2109; pret. subj. II. sg. þæt
+þū þone wælgǣst wihte ne grētte, _that thou shouldst by no means seek out
+the murderous spirit_ (Grendel), 1996; similarly, sg. III. þæt hē ne grētte
+goldweard þone, 3082; pret. part. þǣr wæs ... gomenwudu grēted, 1066.
+
+ge-grētan, w. acc.: 1) _to greet, to salute, to address_: pret. sg. holdne
+gegrētte mēaglum wordum, _greeted the dear man with formal words_, 1981;
+gegrētte þā gumena gehwylcne ... hindeman siðe, _spoke then the last time
+to each of the men_, 2517.--2) _to approach, to come near, to seek out_:
+inf. sceal ... manig ōðerne gōdum gegrētan ofer ganotes bæð, _many a one
+will seek another across the sea with gifts_, 1862.
+
+grēot, st. m., _grit, sand, earth_: dat. sg. on grēote, 3169.
+
+grēotan, st. v., _to weep, to mourn, to lament_: pres. sg. III. sē þe æfter
+sincgyfan on sefan grēoteð, _who laments in his heart for the
+treasure-giver_, 1343.
+
+grim, adj., _grim, angry, wild, hostile_: nom. sg., 121, 555, 1500, etc.;
+weak form, se grimma gæst, 102; acc. sg. m. grimne, 1149, 2137; fem,
+grimme, 1235; gen. sg. grimre gūðe, 527; instr. pl. grimman grāpum,
+1543.--Comp.: beado-, heaðo-, heoro-, searo-grim.
+
+grimme, adv., _grimly, in a hostile manner, bitterly_, 3013, 3086.
+
+grim-līc, adj., _grim, terrible_: nom. sg. grimlīc gry[re-gæst], 3042.
+
+grimman, st. v., (properly _to snort_), _to go forward hastily, to hasten_:
+pret. pl. grummon, 306.
+
+grindan, st. v., _to grind_, in
+
+for-grindan, _to destroy, to ruin_: pret. sg. w. dat. forgrand gramum,
+_destroyed the enemy, killed them_ (?), 424; pret. part. w. acc. hæfde
+līgdraca lēoda fæsten ... glēdum forgrunden, _had with flames destroyed the
+people's feasts_, 2336; þā his āgen (scyld) wæs glēdum forgrunden, _since
+his own (shield) had been destroyed by the fire_, 2678.
+
+gripe, st. m., _gripe, attack_: nom. sg. gripe mēces, 1766; acc. sg. grimne
+gripe, 1149.--Comp.: fǣr-, mund-, nīð-gripe.
+
+grīma, w. m., _mask, visor_: in comp. beado-, here-grīma.
+
+grīm-helm, st. m., _mask-helmet, helmet with visor_: acc. pl. grīm-helmas,
+334.
+
+grīpan, st. v., _to gripe, to seize, to grasp_: pret. sg. grāp þā tōgēanes,
+_then she caught at_, 1502.
+
+for-grīpan _(to gripe vehemently), to gripe so as to kill, to kill by the
+grasp_, w. dat.: pret. sg. æt gūðe forgrāp Grendeles mǣgum, 2354.
+wið-grīpan, w. dat., _(to seize at), to maintain, to hold erect_: inf. hū
+wið þām āglǣcean elles meahte gylpe wið-grīpan, _how else I might maintain
+my boast of battle against the monster_, 2522.
+
+grōwan, st. v., _to grow, to sprout_: pret. sg. him on ferhðe grēow
+brēosthord blōdrēow, 1719.
+
+grund, st. m.: 1) _ground, plain, fields_ in contrast with highlands;
+_earth_ in contrast with heaven: dat. sg. sōhte ... æfter grunde, _sought
+along the ground_, 2295; acc. pl. ofer grundas, 1405, 2074.--2) _bottom,
+the lowest part_: acc. sg. grund (of the sea of Grendel), 1368; on gyfenes
+grund, 1395; under gynne grund (_bottom of the sea_) 1552; dat. sg. tō
+grunde (of the sea), 553; grunde (of the drake's cave) getenge, 2759; so,
+on grunde, 2766.--Comp.: eormen-, mere-, sǣ-grund.
+
+grund-būend, pres. part., _inhabitant of the earth_: gen. pl.
+grund-būendra, 1007.
+
+grund-hyrde, st. m., _warder of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg. (of
+Grendel's mother), 2137.
+
+grund-sele, st. m., _hall at the bottom_ (of the sea): dat sg. in þām
+[grund]sele, 2140.
+
+grund-wang, st. m., _ground surface, lowest surface_: acc. sg. þone
+grund-wong (_bottom of the sea_), 1497; (bottom of the drake's cave), 2772,
+2589.
+
+grund-wyrgen, st. f., _she-wolf of the bottom_ (of the sea): acc. sg.
+grund-wyrgenne (Grendel's mother), 1519.
+
+gryn (cf. Gloss. Aldh. "retinaculum, rete grin," Hpts. Ztschr. IX. 429),
+st. n., _net, noose, snare_: gen. pl. fela ... grynna, 931. See gyrn.
+
+gryre, st. m., _horror, terror, anything causing terror_: nom. sg., 1283;
+acc. sg. wið Grendles gryre, 384; hīe Wyrd forswēop on Grendles gryre,
+_snatched them away into the horror of Grendel, to the horrible Grendel_,
+478; dat. pl. mid gryrum ecga, 483; gen. pl. swā fela gryra, 592.--Comp.:
+fǣr-, wīg-gryre.
+
+gryre-brōga, w. m., _terror and horror, amazement_: nom. sg.
+[gryre-]br[ō]g[a], 2229.
+
+gryre-fāh, adj., _gleaming terribly_: acc. sg. gryre-fāhne (_the
+fire-spewing drake_, cf. also [draca] fȳrwylmum fāh, 2672, 2577.
+
+gryre-gæst, st. m., _terror-guest, stranger causing terror_: nom. sg.
+grimlīc gry[regæst], 3042; dat. sg. wið þām gryregieste (the dragon), 2561.
+
+gryre-geatwe, st. f. pl., _terror-armor, warlike equipment_: dat. pl. in
+hyra gryre-geatwum, 324.
+
+gryre-lēoð, st. n., _terror-song, fearful song_: acc. sg. gehȳrdon
+gryrelēoð galan godes and-sacan (_heard Grendel's cry of agony_), 787.
+
+gryre-līc, adj., _terrible, horrible_: acc. sg. gryre-līcne, 1442, 2137.
+
+gryre-sīð, st. m., _way of terror, way causing terror_, i.e. warlike
+expedition: acc. pl. sē þe gryre-sīðas gegān dorste, 1463.
+
+guma, w. m., _man, human being_: nom. sg., 653, 869, etc.; acc. sg. guman,
+1844, 2295; dat. sg. guman (gumum, MS.), 2822; nom pl. guman, 215, 306,
+667, etc.; acc. pl. guman, 615; dat. pl. gumum, 127, 321; gen. pl. gumena,
+73, 328, 474, 716, etc.--Comp.: driht-, seld-guma.
+
+gum-cyn, st. n., _race of men, people, nation_: gen. sg. wē synt gumcynnes
+Gēata lēode, _people from the nation of the Gēatas_, 260; dat. pl. æfter
+gum-cynnum, _along the nations, among the nations_, 945.
+
+gum-cyst, st. f., _man's excellence, man's virtue_: acc. sg. (or pl.)
+gumcyste, 1724; dat. pl. as adv., _excellently, preeminently_: gumcystum
+gōdne bēaga bryttan, 1487; gumcystum gōd ... hilde-hlemma (Bēowulf), 2544.
+
+gum-drēam, st. m., _joyous doings of men_: acc. sg. gum-drēam ofgeaf
+(died), 2470.
+
+gum-dryhten, st. m., _lord of men_: nom. sg. 1643.
+
+gum-fēða, w. m., _troop of men going on foot_: nom. sg., 1402.
+
+gum-man, st. m., _man_: gen. pl. gum-manna fela, 1029.
+
+gum-stōl, st. m., _man's seat, κατ' ἐζωχήν, ruler's seat, throne_: dat. sg.
+in gumstōle, 1953.
+
+gūð, st. f., _combat, battle_: nom. sg., 1124, 1659, 2484, 2537; acc. sg.
+gūðe, 604; instr. sg. gūðe, 1998; dat. sg. tō (æt) gūðe, 438, 1473. 1536,
+2354, etc.; gen. sg. gūðe, 483, 527, 631, etc.; dat. pl. gūðum, 1959, 2179;
+gen. pl. gūða, 2513, 2544.
+
+gūð-beorn, st. m., _warrior_: gen. pl. gūð-beorna sum (_the strand-guard on
+the Danish coast_), 314.
+
+gūð-bil, st. n., _battle-bill_: nom. sg. gūðbill, 2585; gen. pl. gūð-billa
+nān, 804.
+
+gūð-byrne, w. f., _battle-corselet_: nom. sg., 321.
+
+gūð-cearu, st. f., _sorrow which the combat brings_: dat. sg. æfter
+gūð-ceare, 1259.
+
+gūð-cræft, st. m., _warlike strength, power in battle_: nom. sg. Grendles
+gūð-cræft, 127.
+
+gūð-cyning, st. m., _king in battle, king directing a battle_: nom. sg.,
+199, 1970, 2336, etc.
+
+gūð-dēað, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 2250.
+
+gūð-floga, w. m., _flying warrior_: acc. sg. wið þone gūðflogan (the
+drake), 2529.
+
+gūð-freca, w. m., _hero in battle, warrior_ (see freca): nom. sg. gearo
+gūð-freca, of the drake, 2415.
+
+gūð-fremmend, pres. part., _fighting a battle, warrior_: gen. pl.
+gūð-fremmendra, 246; gūð- (gōd-, MS.) fremmendra swylcum, _such a warrior_
+(meaning Bēowulf), 299.
+
+gūð-gewǣde, st. n., _battle-dress, armor_: nom. pl. gūð-gewǣdo, 227; acc.
+pl. -gewǣdu, 2618, 2631(?), 2852, 2872; gen. pl. -gewǣda, 2624.
+
+gūð-geweorc, st. n., _battle-work warlike deed_: gen. pl., -geweorca, 679,
+982, 1826.
+
+gūð-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for combat_: acc. þā gūð-geatwa
+(-getawa, MS.), 2637; dat. in ēowrum gūð-geatawum, 395.
+
+gūð-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet_: nom. sg., 2488.
+
+gūð-horn, st. n., _battle-horn_: acc. sg., 1433.
+
+gūð-hrēð, st. f., _battle-fame_: nom. sg., 820.
+
+gūð-lēoð, st. n., _battle-song_: acc., sg., 1523.
+
+gūð-mōd, adj., _disposed to battle, having an inclination to battle_. nom.
+pl. gūð-mōde, 306.
+
+gūð-rǣs, st. m., _storm of battle, attack_: acc. sg., 2992; gen. pl.
+gūð-rǣsa, 1578, 2427.
+
+gūð-rēow, adj., _fierce in battle_: nom. sg., 58.
+
+gūð-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 839, 1119,
+1882; acc. sg., 1502; gen. pl. gūð-rinca, 2649.
+
+gūð-rōf, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 609.
+
+gūð-sceaða, w. m., _battle-foe, enemy in combat_: nom. sg., of the drake,
+2319.
+
+gūð-scearu, st. f., _decision of the battle_: dat. sg. æfter gūð-sceare,
+1214.
+
+gūð-sele, st. m., _battle-hall, hall in which a battle takes place_: dat
+sg. in þǣm gūðsele (in Heorot), 443.
+
+gūð-searo, st. n. pl., _battle-equipment, armor_; acc., 215, 328.
+
+gūð-sweord, st. n., _battle-sword_: acc. sg., 2155.
+
+gūð-wērig, adj., _wearied by battle dead_: acc. sg. gūð-wērigne Grendel,
+1587.
+
+gūð-wine, st. m., _battle-friend, comrade in battle_ designation of the
+sword: acc. sg., 1811; instr. pl. þē mec gūð-winum grētan dorste, _who
+dared to attack me with his war-friends_, 2736.
+
+gūð-wiga, w. m., _fighter of battles, warrior_: nom. sg., 2112.
+
+gyd. See gid.
+
+gyfan. See gifan.
+
+gyldan. See gildan.
+
+gylden, adj., _golden_: nom. sg. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. segen
+gyldenne, 47, 1022; bring gyldenne, 2810; dat. sg. under gyldnum bēage,
+1164.--Comp. eal-gylden.
+
+gylp. See gilp.
+
+gyrdan, w. v., _to gird, to lace_: pret. part. gyrded cempa, _the (sword-)
+girt warrior_, 2079.
+
+gyrn, st. n., _sorrow, harm_: nom. sg., 1776.
+
+gyrn-wracu, st. f., _revenge for harm_: dat. sg. tō gyrn-wræce, 1139; gen.
+sg. þā wæs eft hraðe gearo gyrn-wræce Grendeles mōdor, _then was Grendel's
+mother in turn immediately ready for revenge for the injury_, 2119.
+
+gyrwan. See gerwan.
+
+gystran. See gistran.
+
+gȳman, w. v. w. gen., _to take care of, to be careful about_: pres. III.
+gȳmeð, 1758, 2452; imp. sg. oferhȳda ne gȳm! _do not study arrogance_
+(despise it), 1761.
+
+for-gȳman, w. acc., _to neglect, to slight_: pres. sg. III. hē þā
+forð-gesceaft forgyteð and forgȳmeð, 1752.
+
+gȳtsian. See gītsian.
+
+gȳt. See gīt.
+
+H
+
+habban, w. v., _to have_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. I. þæs ic wēn hæbbe (_as I
+hope_), 383; þē ic geweald hæbbe, 951; ic mē on hafu bord and byrnan, _have
+on me shield and coat of mail_, 2525; hafo, 3001; sg. II. þū nū [friðu]
+hafast, 1175; pl. I. habbað wē ... micel ǣrende, 270; pres. subj. sg. III.
+þæt hē þrīttiges manna mægencræft on his mundgripe hæbbe, 381. Blended with
+the negative: pl. III. þæt be Sǣ-Gēatas sēlran næbben tō gecēosenne cyning
+ǣnigne, _that the Sea-Gēatas will have no better king than you to choose_,
+1851; imp. hafa nū and geheald hūsa sēlest, 659; inf. habban, 446, 462,
+3018; pret. sg. hæfde, 79, 518, 554; pl. hæfdon, 539.--2) used as an
+auxiliary with the pret. part.: pres. sg. I. hæbbe ic ... ongunnen, 408;
+hæbbe ic ... geāhsod, 433; II. hafast, 954, 1856; III. hafað, 474, 596;
+pret. sg. hæfde, 106, 220, 666, 2322, 2334, 2953, etc.; pl. hæfdon, 117,
+695, 884, 2382, etc. Pret. part. inflected: nū scealc hafað dǣd gefremede,
+940; hæfde se gōda ... cempan gecorone, 205. With the pres. part. are
+formed the compounds: bord-, rond-hæbbend.
+
+for-habban, _to hold back, to keep one's self_: inf. ne meahte wǣfre mōd
+forhabban in hreðre, _the expiring life could not hold itself back in the
+breast_, 1152; ne mihte þā for-habban, _could not restrain himself_, 2610.
+
+wið-habban, _to resist, to offer resistance_: pret. þæt se wīnsele
+wið-hæfde heaðo-dēorum, _that the hall resisted them furious in fight_,
+773.
+
+hafela, heafola, w. m., _head_: acc. sg. hafelan, 1373, 1422, 1615, 1636,
+1781; nā þū mīnne þearft hafalan hȳdan, 446; þonne wē on orlege hafelan
+weredon, _protected our heads, defended ourselves_, 1328; se hwīta helm
+hafelan werede, 1449; dat. sg. hafelan, 673, 1522; heafolan, 2680; gen. sg.
+heafolan, 2698; nom. pl. hafelan, 1121.--Comp. wīg-heafola.
+
+hafenian, w. v., _to raise, to uplift_: pret. sg. wǣpen hafenade heard be
+hiltum, _raised the weapon, the strong man, by the hilt_, 1574.
+
+hafoc, st. m., _hawk_: nom. sg., 2264.
+
+haga, w. m., _enclosed piece of ground, hedge, farm-enclosure_: dat. sg. tō
+hagan, 2893, 2961.
+
+haga, w. m. See ān-haga.
+
+hama, homa, w. m., _dress_: in the comp. flǣsc-, fyrd-, līc-hama, scīr-ham
+(adj.).
+
+hamer, st. m., _hammer_: instr. sg. hamere, 1286; gen. pl. homera lāfe
+(swords), 2830.
+
+hand, hond, st. f., _hand_: nom. sg. 2138; sīo swīðre ... hand, _the right
+hand_, 2100; hond, 1521, 2489, 2510; acc. sg. hand, 558, 984; hond, 657,
+687, 835, 928, etc.; dat. sg. on handa, 495, 540; mid handa, 747, 2721; be
+honda, 815; dat. pl. (as instr.) hondum, 1444, 2841.
+
+hand-bana, w. m., _murderer with the hand_, or _in hand-to-hand combat_:
+dat. sg. tō hand-bonan (-banan), 460, 1331.
+
+hand-gemōt, st. n., _hand-to-hand conflict, battle_: gen. pl. (ecg) þolode
+ǣr fela hand-gemōta, 1527; nō þæt lǣsest wæs hond-gemōta, 2356.
+
+hand-gesella, w. m., _hand-companion, man of the retinue_: dat. pl.
+hond-gesellum, 1482.
+
+hand-gestealla, w. m., _(one whose position is near at hand), comrade,
+companion, attendant_: dat. sg. hond-gesteallan, 2170; nom. pl.
+hand-gesteallan, 2597.
+
+hand-geweorc, st. n., _work done with the hands_, i.e. achievement in
+battle: dat. sg. for þæs hild-fruman hondgeweorce, 2836.
+
+hand-gewriðen, pret. part. _hand-wreathed, bound with the hand._ acc. pl.
+wælbende ... hand-gewriðene, 1938.
+
+hand-locen, pret. part., _joined, united by hand_: nom. sg. (gūð-byrne,
+līc-syrce) hondlocen (because the shirts of mail consisted of interlaced
+rings), 322, 551.
+
+hand-rǣs, st. m., _hand-battle_, i.e. combat with the hands: nom. sg.
+hond-rǣs, 2073.
+
+hand-scalu, st. f., _hand-attendance, retinue_: dat. sg. mid his hand-scale
+(hond-scole), 1318, 1964.
+
+hand-sporu, st. f., _finger_ (on Grendel's hand), under the figure of a
+spear: nom. pl. hand-sporu, 987.
+
+hand-wundor, st. n., _wonder done by the hand, wonderful handwork_: gen.
+pl. hond-wundra mǣst, 2769.
+
+hangan. See hōn.
+
+hangian, w. v., _to hang_: pres. sg. III. þonne his sunu hangað hrefne to
+hrōðre, _when his son hangs, a joy to the ravens_, 2448; pl. III. ofer þǣm
+(mere) hongiað hrīmge bearwas, _over which frosty forests hang_, 1364; inf.
+hangian, 1663; pret. hangode, _hung down_, 2086.
+
+hatian, w. v. w. acc., _to hate, to be an enemy to, to hurt_: inf. hē þone
+heaðo-rinc hatian ne meahte lāðum dǣdum (_could not do him any harm_),
+2467; pret. sg. hū se gūð-sceaða Gēata lēode hatode and hȳnde, 2320.
+
+hād, st. m., _form, condition, position, manner_: acc. sg. þurh hǣstne hād,
+_in a powerful manner_, 1336; on gesīðes hād, _in the position of follower,
+as follower_, 1298; on sweordes hād, _in the form of a sword_, 2194. See
+under on.
+
+hādor, st. m., _clearness, brightness_: acc. sg. under heofenes hādor, 414.
+
+hādor, adj., _clear, fresh, loud_: nom. sg. scop hwīlum sang hādor on
+Heorote, 497.
+
+hādre, adv., _clearly, brightly_, 1572.
+
+hāl, adj., _hale, whole, sound, unhurt_: nom. sg. hāl, 300. With gen.
+heaðo-lāces hāl, _safe from battle_, 1975. As form of salutation, wes ...
+hāl, 407; dat. sg. hālan līce, 1504.
+
+hālig, adj., _holy_: nom. sg. hālig god, 381, 1554; hālig dryhten, 687.
+
+hām, st. m., _home, residence, estate, land_: acc. sg. hām, 1408; Hrōðgāres
+hām, 718. Usually in adverbial sense: gewāt him hām, _betook himself home_,
+1602; tō hām, 124, 374, 2993; fram hām, _at home_, 194; æt hām, _at home_,
+1249, 1924, 1157; gen. sg. hāmes, 2367; acc. pl. hāmas, 1128.--Comp.
+Finnes-hām, 1157.
+
+hām-weorðung, st. f., _honor_ or _ornament of home_: acc. sg. hām-weorðunge
+(designation of the daughter of Hygelāc, given in marriage to Eofor), 2999.
+
+hār, adj., _gray_: nom. sg. hār hilde-rinc, 1308, 3137; acc. sg. under
+(ofer) hārne stān, 888, 1416, 2554; hāre byrnan (i.e. iron shirt of mail),
+2154; dat. sg. hārum hildfruman, 1679; f. on hēare hǣðe (on heaw ... h ...
+ðe, MS.), 2213; gen. sg. hāres, _of the old man_, 2989.--Comp. un-hār.
+
+hāt, adj., _hot, glowing, flaming_ nom sg., 1617, 2297, 2548, 2559, etc.;
+wyrm hāt gemealt, _the drake hot_ (of his own heat) _melted_, 898; acc.
+sg., 2282(?); inst. sg. hātan heolfre, 850, 1424; g. sg. heaðu-fȳres
+hātes, 2523; acc. pl. hāte heaðo-wylmas, 2820.--Sup.: hātost heaðo-swāta,
+1669.
+
+hāt, st. n., _heat, fire_: acc. sg. geseah his mondryhten ... hāt þrowian,
+_saw his lord endure the_ (drake's) _heat_, 2606.
+
+hata, w. m., _persecutor_; in comp. dǣd-hata.
+
+hātan, st. v.: 1) _to bid, to order, to direct_, with acc. and inf., and
+acc. of the person: pres. sg. I. ic maguþegnas mīne hāte ... flotan ēowerne
+ārum healdan, _I bid my thanes take good care of your craft_, 293; imp. sg.
+II. hāt in gān ... sibbegedriht, 386; pl. II. hātað heaðo-mǣre hlǣw
+gewyrcean, 2803; inf. þæt healreced hātan wolde ... men gewyrcean, _that he
+wished to command men to build a hall-edifice_, 68. Pret. sg. heht: heht
+... eahta mēaras ... on flet tēon, _gave command to bring eight horses into
+the hall_, 1036; þonne ǣnne heht golde forgyldan, _commanded to make good
+that one with gold_, 1054; heht þā þæt heaðo-weorc tō hagan bīodan,
+_ordered the combat to be announced at the hedge_(?), 2893; swā se snottra
+heht, _as the wise_ (Hrōðgār) _directed_, 1787; so, 1808, 1809. hēt: hēt
+him ȳðlidan gōdne gegyrwan, _ordered a good vessel to be prepared for
+him_, 198; so, hēt, 391, 1115, 3111. As the form of a wish: hēt hine wēl
+brūcan, 1064; so, 2813; pret. part. þā wæs hāten hraðe Heort innan-weard
+folmum gefrætwod, _forthwith was ordered Heorot, adorned by hand on the
+inside_ (i.e. that the edifice should be adorned by hand on the inside),
+992.--2) _to name, to call_: pres. subj. III. pl. þæt hit sǣlīðend ...
+hātan Bīowulfes biorh, _that mariners may call it Bēowulf's grave-mound_,
+2807; pret. part. wæs se grimma gæst Grendel hāten, 102; so, 263, 373,
+2603.
+
+ge-hātan, _to promise, to give one's word, to vow, to threaten_: pres. sg.
+I. ic hit þē gehāte, 1393; so, 1672; pret. sg. hē mē mēde gehēt, _promised
+me reward_, 2135; him fægre gehēt lēana (gen. pl.), _promised them proper
+reward_, 2990; wēan oft gehēt earmre teohhe, _with woe often threatened the
+unhappy band_, 2938; pret. pl. gehēton æt hærgtrafum wīg-weorðunga, _vowed
+offerings at the shrines of the gods_, 175; þonne wē gehēton ūssum hlāforde
+þæt ..., _when we promised our lord that_..., 2635; pret. part. sīo gehāten
+[wæs] ... gladum suna Frōdan, _betrothed to the glad son of Froda_, 2025.
+
+hātor, st. m. n., _heat_: in comp. and-hātor.
+
+hæft, adj., _held, bound, fettered_: nom. sg., 2409; acc. sg. helle hæftan,
+_him fettered by hell_ (Grendel), 789.
+
+hæft-mēce, st. m., _sword with fetters_ or _chains_ (cf. fetel-hilt): dat.
+sg. þǣm hæft-mēce, 1458. See Note.
+
+hæg-steald, st. m., _man, liegeman, youth_: gen. pl. hæg-stealdra, 1890.
+
+hæle, st. m., _man_: nom. sg., 1647, 1817, 3112; acc. sg. hæle, 720; dat.
+pl. hǣlum (hǣnum, MS.), 1984.
+
+hæleð, st. m., _hero, fighter, warrior, man_: nom. sg., 190, 331, 1070;
+nom. pl. hæleð, 52, 2248, 2459, 3143; dat. pl. hæleðum 1710, 1962, etc.;
+gen. pl. hæleða, 467, 497, 612, 663, etc.
+
+hærg. See hearg.
+
+hǣð, st. f., _heath_: dat. sg. hǣðe, 2213.
+
+hǣðen, adj., _heathenish_; acc. sg. hǣðene sāwle, 853; dat. sg. hǣðnum
+horde, 2217; gen. sg. hǣðenes, _of the heathen_ (Grendel), 987; gen. pl.
+hǣðenra, 179.
+
+hǣð-stapa, w. m., _that which goes about on the heath_ (stag): nom. sg.,
+1369
+
+hǣl, st. f.: 1) _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. him hǣl ābēad, 654; mid
+hǣle, 1218.--2) _favorable sign, favorable omen_: hǣl scēawedon, _observed
+favorable signs_ (for Bēowulf's undertaking), 204.
+
+hǣlo, st. f., _health, welfare, luck_: acc. sg. hǣlo ābēad heorð-genēatum,
+2419.--Comp. un-hǣlo.
+
+hǣst (O.H.G. haisterā hantī, manu violenta; heist, ira; heistigo,
+iracunde), adj., _violent, vehement_: acc. sg. þurh hǣstne hād, 1336.
+
+hē, fem. hēo, neut. hit, pers. pron., _he, she, it_; in the oblique cases
+also reflexive, _himself, herself, itself_: acc. sg. hine, hī, hit; dat.
+sg. him, hire, him; gen. sg. his, hire, his; plur. acc. nom. hī, hig, hīe;
+dat. him; gen. hira, heora, hiera, hiora.--he omitted before the verb, 68,
+300, 2309, 2345.
+
+hebban, st. v., _to raise, to lift_, w. acc.: inf. siððan ic hond and rond
+hebban mihte, 657; pret. part. hafen, 1291; hæfen, 3024.
+
+ā-hebban, _raise, to lift from, to take away_: wæs ... icge gold āhafen of
+horde, _taken up from the hoard_, 1109; þā wæs ... wōp up āhafen, _a cry of
+distress raised_, 128
+
+ge-hegan [ge-hēgan], w. v., _to enclose, to fence_: þing gehegan, _to mark
+off the court, hold court_. Here figurative: inf. sceal ... āna gehegan
+þing wið þyrse (_shall alone decide the matter with Grendel_), 425.
+
+hel, st. f., _hell_: nom. sg., 853; acc. sg. helle, 179; dat. sg. helle,
+101, 589; (as instr.), 789; gen. sg. helle, 1275.
+
+hel-bend, st. m. f. _bond of hell_: instr. pl. hell-bendum fæst, 3073.
+
+hel-rūna, w. m., _sorcerer_: nom. pl. helrūnan, 163.
+
+be-helan, st. v., _to conceal, to hide_: pret. part. be-holen, 414.
+
+helm, st. m.: 1) _protection in general, defence, covering that protects_:
+acc. sg. on helm, 1393; under helm, 1746.--2) _helmet_: nom. sg., 1630;
+acc. sg. helm, 673, 1023, 1527, 2988; (helo, MS.), 2724; brūn-fāgne,
+gold-fāhne helm, 2616, 2812; dat. sg. under helme, 342, 404; gen. sg.
+helmes, 1031; acc. pl. helmas, 240, 2639.--3) _defence, protector_,
+designation of the king: nom. sg. helm Scyldinga (Hrōðgār), 371, 456, 1322;
+acc. sg. heofena helm _(the defender of the heavens_ = God), 182; helm
+Scylfinga, 2382.--Comp.: grīm-, gūð-, heaðo-, niht-helm.
+
+ofer-helmian, w. v. w. acc., _to cover over, to overhang_: pres. sg. III.
+ofer-helmað, 1365.
+
+helm-berend, pres. part., _helm-wearing_ (warrior): acc. pl. helmberend,
+2518, 2643.
+
+helpan, st. v., _to help_: inf. þæt him holt-wudu helpan ne meahte, lind
+wið līge, _that a wooden shield could not help him, a linden shield against
+flame_, 2341; þæt him īrenna ecge mihton helpan æt hilde, 2685; wutun
+gangan to, helpan hildfruman, _let us go thitherto help the battle-chief_,
+2650; w. gen. ongan ... mǣges helpan, _began to help my kinsman_, 2880; so,
+pret. sg. þǣr hē his mǣges (MS. mægenes) healp, 2699.
+
+help, m. and f., _help, support, maintenance_: acc. sg. helpe, 551, 1553;
+dat. sg. tō helpe, 1831; acc. sg. helpe, 2449.
+
+hende, _-handed_: in comp. īdel-hende.
+
+hēr, adv., _here_, 397, 1062, 1229, 1655, 1821, 2054, 2797, etc.; _hither_,
+244, 361, 376.
+
+here (Goth, harji-s), st. m., _army, troops_: dat. sg. on herge, _in the
+army, on a warlike expedition, 1249; in the army, among the fighting men_,
+2639; as instr. herge, 2348.--Comp.: flot-, scip-, sin-here.
+
+here-brōga, w. m., _terror of the army, fear of war_: dat. sg. for
+here-brōgan, 462.
+
+here-byrne, w. f., _battle-mail, coat of mail_: nom. sg., 1444.
+
+here-grīma, w. m., _battle-mask_, i.e. helmet (with visor): dat. sg.
+-grīman, 396, 2050, 2606.
+
+here-net, st. n., _battle-net_, i.e. coat of mail (of interlaced rings):
+nom. sg., 1554.
+
+here-nīð, st. m., _battle-enmity, battle of armies_: nom. sg., 2475.
+
+here-pād, st. f., _army-dress_, i.e. coat of mail, armor: nom. sg., 2259.
+
+here-rinc, st. m., _army-hero, hero in battle, warrior_: acc. sg. here-rinc
+(MS. here ric), 1177.
+
+here-sceaft, st. m., _battle-shaft_, i.e. spear: gen. pl. here-sceafta
+hēap, 335.
+
+here-spēd, st. f., _(war-speed), luck in war_: nom. sg., 64.
+
+here-strǣl, st. m., _war-arrow, missile_: nom. sg., 1436.
+
+here-syrce, w. f., _battle-shirt, shirt of mail_: acc. sg. here-syrcan,
+1512.
+
+here-wǣd, st. f., _army-dress, coat of mail, armor_: dat. pl. (as instr.)
+here-wǣdum, 1898.
+
+here-wǣsma, w. m., _war-might, fierce strength in battle_: dat. pl. an
+here-wǣsmum, 678.--Leo.
+
+here-wīsa, w. m., _leader of the army_, i.e. ruler, king: nom. sg., 3021.
+
+herg, hearg, st. m., _image of a god, grove where a god was worshipped_,
+hence to the Christian a wicked place(?): dat. pl. hergum geheaðerod,
+_confined in wicked places_ (parallel with hell-bendum fæst), 3073.
+
+herigean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., _to provide with an army, to support with
+an army_: pres. sg. I. ic þē wēl herige, 1834.--Leo.
+
+hete, st. m., _hate, enmity_: nom. sg. 142, 2555.--Comp.: ecg-, morðor-,
+wīg-hete.
+
+hete-līc, adj., _hated_: nom. sg., 1268.
+
+hetend, hettend, (pres. part. of hetan, see hatian), _enemy_, hostis: nom.
+pl. hetende, 1829; dat. pl. wið hettendum, 3005.
+
+hete-nīð, st. m., _enmity full of hate_: acc. pl. hete-nīðas, 152.
+
+hete-sweng, st. m., _a blow from hate_: acc. pl. hete-swengeas, 2226.
+
+hete-þanc, st. m., _hate-thought, a hostile design_: dat. pl. mid his
+hete-þancum, 475.
+
+hēdan, ge-hēdan, w. v. w. gen.: 1) _to protect_: pret. sg. ne hēdde hē þæs
+heafolan, _did not protect his head_, 2698.--2) _to obtain_: subj. pret.
+sg. III. gehēdde, 505.
+
+herian, w. v. w. acc., _to praise, to commend_: with reference to God, _to
+adore_: inf. heofena helm herian ne cūðon, _could not worship the defence
+of the heavens_ (God), 182; nē hūru Hildeburh herian þorfte Eotena trēowe,
+_had no need to praise the fidelity of the Eotens_, 1072; pres. subj. þæt
+mon his wine-dryhten wordum herge, 3177.
+
+ge-heaðerian, w. v., _to force, to press in_: pret. part. ge-heaðerod,
+3073.
+
+heaðo-byrne, w. f., _battle-mail, shirt of mail_: nom. sg., 1553.
+
+heaðo-dēor, adj., _bold in battle, brave_: nom. sg., 689; dat. pl.
+heaðo-dēorum, 773.
+
+heaðo-fyr, st. n., _battle-fire, hostile fire_: gen. sg. heaðu-fȳres,
+2523; instr. pl. heaðo-fȳrum, 2548, of the drake's fire-spewing.
+
+heaðo-grim, adj., _grim in battle_, 548.
+
+heaðo-helm, st. m., _battle-helmet, war-helmet_: nom. sg., 3157(?).
+
+heaðo-lāc, st. n., _battle-play, battle_: dat. sg. æt heaðo-lāce, 584; gen.
+sg. heaðo-lāces hāl, 1975.
+
+heaðo-mǣre, adj., _renowned in battle_: acc. pl. -mǣre, 2803.
+
+heaðo-rǣs, st. m., _storm of battle, attack in battle, entrance by force_:
+nom. sg., 557; acc. pl. -rǣsas, 1048; gen. pl. -rǣsa, 526.
+
+heaðo-rēaf, st. n., _battle-dress, equipment for battle_: acc. sg.
+heaðo-rēaf hēoldon (_kept the equipments_), 401.
+
+heaðo-rinc, st. m., _battle-hero, warrior_: acc. sg. þone heaðo-rinc
+(Hrēðel's son, Hæðcyn), 2467; dat. pl. þǣm heaðo-rincum, 370.
+
+heaðo-rōf, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg., 381; nom. pl. heaðo-rōfe,
+865.
+
+heaðo-scearp, adj., _sharp in battle, bold_: n. m. pl. (-scearde, MS.),
+2830.
+
+heaðo-sēoc, adj., _battle-sick_: dat. sg. -sīocum, 2755.
+
+heaðo-stēap, adj., _high in battle, excelling in battle_: nom. sg. in weak
+form, heaðo-stēapa, 1246; acc. sg. heaðo-stēapne, 2154, both times of the
+helmet.
+
+heaðo-swāt, st. m., _blood of battle_: dat. sg. heaðo-swāte, 1607; as
+instr., 1461; gen. pl. hātost heaðo-swāta, 1669.
+
+heaðo-sweng, st. m., _battle-stroke_ (blow of the sword): dat. sg. æfter
+heaðu-swenge, 2582.
+
+heaðo-torht, adj., _loud, clear in battle_: nom. sg. stefn ... heaðo-torht,
+_the voice clear in battle_, 2554.
+
+heaðo-wǣd, st. f., _battle-dress, coat of mail, armor_: instr. pl.
+heaðo-wǣdum, 39.
+
+heaðo-weorc, st. n., _battle-work, battle_: acc. sg., 2893.
+
+heaðo-wylm, st. m., _hostile (flame-) wave_: acc. pl. hāte heaðo-wylmas,
+2820; gen. pl. heaðo-wylma, 82.
+
+heaf, st. n., _sea_: acc. pl. ofer heafo, 2478. See Note.
+
+heafola. See hafela.
+
+heal, st. f., _hall, main apartment, large building_ (consisting of an
+assembly-hall and a banqueting-hall): nom. sg. heal, 1152, 1215; heall,
+487; acc. sg. healle, 1088; dat. sg. healle, 89, 615, 643, 664, 926, 1010,
+1927, etc.; gen. sg. [healle], 389.--Comp.: gif-, meodo-heal.
+
+heal-ærn, st. n., _hall-building, hall-house_: gen. sg. heal-ærna, 78.
+
+heal-gamen, st. n., _social enjoyment in the hall, hall-joy_: nom. sg.,
+1067.
+
+heal-reced, st. n., _hall-building_: acc. sg., 68.
+
+heal-sittend, pres. part., _sitting in the hall_ (at the banquet): dat. pl.
+heal-sittendum, 2869; gen. pl. heal-sittendra, 2016.
+
+heal-þegn, st. m., _hall-thane_, i.e. a warrior who holds the hall: gen.
+sg. heal-þegnes, of Grendel, 142; acc. pl. heal-þegnas, of Bēowulfs band,
+720.
+
+heal-wudu, _hall-wood_, i.e. hall built of wood: nom. sg., 1318.
+
+healdan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to hold, to hold fast; to support_: pret. pl.
+hū þā stānbogan ... ēce eorðreced innan hēoldon (MS. healde), _how the
+arches of rock within held the everlasting earth-house_, 2720. Pret. sg.,
+with a person as object: hēold hine to fæste, _held him too fast_, 789; w.
+the dat. hē him frēondlārum hēold, _supported him with friendly advice_,
+2378.--2) _to hold, to watch, to preserve, to keep_; reflexive, _to
+maintain one's self, to keep one's self_: pres. sg. II. eal þū hit geþyldum
+healdest, mægen mid mōdes snyttrum, _all that preservest thou continuously,
+strength and wisdom of mind_, 1706; III. healdeð hige-mēðum hēafod-wearde,
+_holds for the dead the head-watch_, 2910; imp. sg. II. heald forð tela
+nīwe sibbe, _keep well, from now on, the new relationship_, 949; heald
+(heold, MS.) þū nū hrūse ... eorla ǣhte, _preserve thou now, Earth, the
+noble men's possessions_, 2248; inf. sē þe holmclifu healdan scolde, _watch
+the sea-cliffs_, 230; so, 705; nacan ... ārum healdan, _to keep well your
+vessel_, 296; wearde healdan, 319; forlēton eorla gestrēon eorðan healdan,
+3168; pres. part. drēam healdende, _holding rejoicing_ (i.e. thou who art
+rejoicing), 1228; pret. sg. hēold hine syððan fyr and fæstor, _kept himself
+afterwards afar and more secure_, 142; ǣgwearde hēold, _I have (hitherto)
+kept watch on the sea_, 241; so, 305; hīold hēah-lufan wið hæleða brego,
+_preserved high love_, 1955; ginfæstan gife ... hēold, 2184; gold-māðmas
+hēold, _took care of the treasures of gold_, 2415; hēold mīn tela,
+_protected well mine own_, 2738; þonne ... sceft ... nytte hēold, _had
+employment, was employed_, 3119; hēold mec, _protected_, i.e. brought me
+up, 2431; pret. pl. heaðo-rēaf hēoldon, _watched over the armor_, 401; sg.
+for pl. hēafodbeorge ... walan ūtan hēold, _outwards, bosses kept guard
+over the head_, 1032.--Related to the preceding meaning are the two
+following: 3) _to rule and protect the fatherland_: inf. gif þū healdan
+wylt maga rice, 1853; pret. hēold, 57, 2738.--4) _to hold, to have, to
+possess, to inhabit_: inf. lēt þone brego-stōl Bēowulf healdan, 2390;
+gerund. tō healdanne hlēoburh wera, 1732; pret. sg. hēold, 103, 161, 466,
+1749, 2752; lyftwynne hēold nihtes hwīlum, _at night-time had the enjoyment
+of the air_, 3044; pret. pl. Gēata lēode hreāwic hēoldon, _the Gēatas held
+the place of corpses_ (lay dead upon it), 1215; pret. sg. þǣr hēo ǣr mǣste
+hēold worolde wynne, _in which she formerly possessed the highest earthly
+joy_, 1080.--5) _to win, to receive_: pret. pl. I. heoldon hēah gesceap,
+_we received a heavy fate, heavy fate befell us_, 3085.
+
+be-healdan, w. acc.: 1) _to take care of, to attend to_: pret. sg. þegn
+nytte behēold, _a thane discharged the office_, 494; so, 668.--2) _to
+hold_: pret. sg. sē þe flōda begong ... behēold, 1499.--3) _to look at, to
+behold_: þrȳðswȳð behēold mǣg Higelāces hū ..., _great woe saw H.'s
+kinsman, how ..._, 737.
+
+for-healdan, w. acc., _(to hold badly), to fall away from, to rebel_: pret.
+part. hæfdon hȳ forhealden helm Scylfinga, _had rebelled against the
+defender of the Scylfings_, 2382.
+
+ge-healdan: 1) _to hold, to receive, to hold fast_: pres. sg. III. sē þe
+waldendes hyldo gehealdeð, _who receives the Lord's grace_, 2294; pres.
+subj. fæder alwalda ... ēowic gehealde sīða gesunde, _keep you sound on
+your journey_, 317; inf. ne meahte hē ... on þām frum-gāre feorh gehealdan,
+_could not hold back the life in his lord_, 2857.--2) _to take care, to
+preserve, to watch over; to stop_: imp. sg. hafa nū and geheald hūsa
+sēlest, 659; inf. gehealdan hēt hilde-geatwe, 675; pret. sg. hē frætwe
+gehēold fela missēra, 2621; þone þe ǣr gehēold wið hettendum hord and rīce,
+_him who before preserved treasure and realm_, 3004.--3) _to rule_: inf.
+folc gehealdan, 912; pret. sg. gehēold tela (brāde rīce), 2209.
+
+healf, st. f., _half, side, part_: acc. sg. on þā healfe, _towards this
+side_, 1676; dat. sg. hæleðum be healfe, _at the heroes' side_, 2263; acc.
+pl. on twā healfa, _upon two sides, mutually_, 1096; on bā healfa (healfe),
+_on both sides_ (to Grendel and his mother), 1306; _on two sides, on both
+sides_, 2064; gen. pl. on healfa gehwone, _in half, through the middle_,
+801.
+
+healf, adj., _half_: gen. sg. healfre, 1088.
+
+heals, st. m., _neck_: acc. sg. heals, 2692; dat. sg. wið halse, 1567; be
+healse, 1873.--Comp.: the adjectives fāmig-, wunden-heals.
+
+heals-bēah, st. m., _neck-ring, collar_: acc. sg. þone heals-bēah, 2173;
+gen. pl. heals-bēaga, 1196.
+
+heals-gebedde, w. f., _beloved bedfellow, wife_: nom. sg. healsgebedde (MS.
+healsgebedda), 63.
+
+healsian, w. v. w. acc., _to entreat earnestly, to implore_: pret. sg. þā
+se þēoden mec ... healsode hrēoh-mōd þæt..., _entreated me sorrowful,
+that_..., 2133.
+
+heard, adj.: 1) of persons, _able, efficient in war, strong, brave_: nom.
+sg. heard, 342, 376, 404, 1575, 2540, etc.; in weak form, se hearda, 401,
+1964; se hearda þegn, 2978; þes hearda hēap, 432; nom. pl. hearde
+hilde-frecan, 2206; gen. pl. heardra, 989. Comparative: acc. sg. heardran
+hæle, 720. With accompanying gen.: wīges heard, _strong in battle_, 887;
+dat. sg. nīða heardum, 2171.--2) of the implements of war, _good, firm,
+sharp, hard_: nom. sg. (gūð-byrne, līc-syrce) heard, 322, 551. In weak
+form: masc. here-strǣl hearda, 1436; se hearda helm, 2256; neutr. here-net
+hearde, 1554; acc. sg. (swurd, wǣpen), heard, 540, 2688, 2988; nom. pl.
+hearde ... homera lāfe, 2830; heard and hring-mǣl Heaðobeardna gestrēon,
+2038; acc. pl. heard sweord, 2639. Of other things, _hard, rough, harsh,
+hard to bear_: acc. sg. hreðer-bealo hearde, 1344; nom. sg. wrōht ...
+heard, 2915; here-nīð hearda, 2475; acc. sg. heoro-sweng heardne, 1591;
+instr. sg. heardan cēape, 2483; instr. pl. heardan, heardum clammum, 964,
+1336; gen. pl. heardra hȳnða, 166. Compar.: acc. sg. heardran feohtan,
+576.--Comp.: fȳr-, īren-, nīð-, regn-, scūr-heard.
+
+hearde, adv., _hard, very_, 1439.
+
+heard-ecg, adj., _sharp-edged, hard, good in battle_: nom. sg., 1289.
+
+heard-fyrde, adj., _hard to take away, heavy_: acc. sg. hard-fyrdne,
+2246.--Leo.
+
+heard-hycgend, pres. part. _of a warlike disposition, brave_: nom. pl.
+-hicgende, 394, 800.
+
+hearg-træf, st. n., _tent of the gods, temple_: dat. pl. æt hærg-trafum
+(MS. hrǣrg trafum), 175.
+
+hearm, st. m., _harm, injury, insult_: dat. sg. mid hearme, 1893.
+
+hearm-sceaða, w. m., _enemy causing injury_ or _grief_: nom. sg.
+hearm-scaða, 767.
+
+hearpe, w. f., _harp_: gen. sg. hearpan swēg, 89, 3024; hearpan wynne
+(wyn), 2108, 2263.
+
+hēaðu, st. f., _sea, waves_: acc. sg. hēaðu, 1863?
+
+hēaðu-līðend, pres. part., _sea-farer, sailor_: nom. pl. -līðende, 1799;
+dat. pl. -līðendum (designation of the Gēatas), 2956.
+
+hēafod, st. n., _head_: acc. sg., 48, 1640; dat. sg. hēafde, 1591, 2291,
+2974; dat. pl. hēafdum, 1243.
+
+hēafod-beorh, st. f., _head-defence, protection for the head_: acc. sg.
+hēafod-beorge, 1031.
+
+hēafod-mǣg, st. m., _head-kinsman, near blood-relative_: dat. pl.
+hēafod-mǣgum (_brothers_), 589; gen. pl. hēafod-māga, 2152.
+
+hēafod-segn, st. n., _head-sign, banner_: acc. sg., 2153.
+
+hēafod-weard, st. f., _head-watch_ acc. sg. healdeð ... hēafod-wearde
+lēofes and lāðes, _for the friend and the foe_ (Bēowulf and the drake, who
+lie dead near each other), 2910.
+
+hēah, hēa, adj., _high, noble_ (in composition, also primus): nom. sg. hēah
+Healfdene, 57; hēa (Higelāc), 1927; hēah (sele), 82; hēah hlǣw, 2806, 3159;
+acc. sg. hēah (segn), 48, 2769; hēahne (MS. hēanne) hrōf, 984; dat. sg. in
+(tō) sele þām hēan, 714, 920; gen. sg. hēan hūses, 116.--_high, heavy_:
+acc. hēah gesceap (_an unusual, heavy fate_), 3085.
+
+hēa-burh, st. f., _high city, first city of a country_: acc. sg., 1128.
+
+hēah-cyning, st. m., _high king, mightiest of the kings_: gen. sg.
+-cyninges (of Hrōðgār), 1040.
+
+hēah-gestrēon, st. n., _splendid treasure_: gen. pl. -gestrēona, 2303.
+
+hēah-lufe, w. f., _high love_: acc. sg. hēah-lufan, 1955.
+
+hēah-sele, st. m., _high hall, first hall in the land, hall of the ruler_:
+dat. sg. hēah-sele, 648.
+
+hēah-setl, st. n., _high seat, throne_: acc. sg., 1088.
+
+hēah-stede, st. m., _high place, ruler's place_: dat. sg. on hēah-stede,
+285.
+
+hēan, adj., _depressed, low, despised, miserable_: nom. sg., 1275, 2100,
+2184, 2409.
+
+hēap, st. m., _heap, crowd, troop_: nom. sg. þegna hēap, 400; þes hearda
+hēap, _this brave band_, 432; acc. sg. here-sceafta hēap, _the crowd of
+spears_, 335; mago-rinca hēap, 731; dat. sg. on hēape, _in a compact body_,
+as many as there were of them, 2597.--Comp. wīg-hēap.
+
+hēawan, st. v., _to hew, to cleave_: inf., 801.
+
+ge-hēawan, _cleave_: pres. subj. ge-hēawe, 683.
+
+heoðu, st. f., _the interior of a building_: dat. sg. þæt hē on heoðe
+gestōd, _in the interior_ (of the hall, Heorot), 404.
+
+heofon, st. m., _heaven_: nom. sg., 3157; dat. sg. hefene, 1572; gen. sg.
+heofenes, 414, 576, 1802, etc.; gen. pl. heofena, 182; dat. pl. under
+heofenum, 52, 505.
+
+heolfor, st. n., _gore, fresh_ or _crude blood_: dat. instr. sg. hātan
+heolfre, 850, 1424; heolfre, 2139; under heolfre, 1303.
+
+heolster, st. n., _haunt, hiding-place_: acc. sg. on heolster, 756.
+
+heonan, adv., _hence, from here_: heonan, 252; heonon, 1362.
+
+heor, st. m., _door-hinge_: nom. pl. heorras, 1000.
+
+heorde, adj. See wunden-heorde.
+
+heorð-genēat, st. m., _hearth-companion_, i.e. a vassal of the king, in
+whose castle he receives his livelihood: nom. pl. heorð-genēatas, 261,
+3181; acc. pl. heorð-genēatas, 1581, 2181; dat. pl. heorð-genēatum, 2419.
+
+heorot, st. m., _stag_: nom. sg., 1370.
+
+heorte, w. f., _heart_: nom. sg., 2562; dat. sg. æt heortan, 2271; gen. sg.
+heortan, 2464, 2508.--Comp.: the adjectives blīð-, grom-, rūm-,
+stearc-heort.
+
+heoru, st. m., _sword_: nom. sg. heoru bunden (cf. under bīndan), 1286. In
+some of the following compounds heoro- seems to be confounded with here-
+(see here).
+
+heoro-blāc, adj., _pale through the sword, fatally wounded_: nom. sg.
+[heoro-]blāc, 2489.
+
+heoru-drēor, st. m., _sword-blood_: instr. sg. heoru-drēore, 487;
+heoro-drēore, 850.
+
+heoro-drēorig, adj., _bloody through the sword_: nom. sg., 936; acc. sg.
+heoro-drēorigne, 1781, 2721.
+
+heoro-drync, st. m., _sword-drink_, i.e. blood shed by the sword: instr.
+pl. hioro-dryncum swealt, _died through sword-drink_, i.e. struck by the
+sword, 2359.
+
+heoro-gīfre, adj., _eager for hostile inroads_: nom. sg., 1499.
+
+heoro-grim, adj., _sword-grim, fierce in battle_: nom. sg. m., 1565; fem.
+-grimme, 1848.
+
+heoro-hōcihte, adj., _provided with barbs, sharp like swords _: instr. pl.
+mid eofer-sprēotum heoro-hōcyhtum, 1439.
+
+heoro-serce, w. f., _shirt of mail_: acc. sg. hioro-sercean, 2540.
+
+heoro-sweng, st. m., _sword-stroke_: acc. sg. 1591.
+
+heoro-weallende, pres. part., _rolling around fighting_, of the drake,
+2782. See weallian.
+
+heoro-wearh, st. m. _he who is sword-cursed, who is destined to die by the
+sword_: nom. sg., 1268.
+
+hēofan, w. v., _to lament, to moan_: part. nom. pl. hīofende, 3143.
+
+ā-hēoran, _to free_ (?): w. acc. pret. sg. brȳd āhēorde, 2931.
+
+hēore, adj., _pleasant, not haunted, secure_: nom. sg. fem, nis þæt hēoru
+stōw, _that is no secure place_, 1373.--Comp. un-hēore (-hȳre).
+
+hider, adv., _hither_, 240, 370, 394, 3093, etc.
+
+ofer-hīgian, w. v. (according to the connection, probably), _to exceed_,
+2767. (O.H.G. ubar-hugjan, _to be arrogant_.)
+
+hild, st. f., _battle, combat_: nom. sg., 452, 902, 1482, 2077; hild
+heoru-grimme, 1848; acc. sg. hilde, 648; instr. sg. hilde, _through
+combat_, 2917; dat. sg. æt hilde, 1461.
+
+hilde-bil, st. n., _battle-sword_: nom. sg., 1667; instr. dat. sg.
+hilde-bille, 557, 1521.
+
+hilde-bord, st. n., _battle-shield_: acc. pl. hilde-bord, 397; instr. pl.
+-bordum, 3140.
+
+hilde-cyst, st. f., _excellence in battle, bravery in battle_: instr. pl.
+-cystum, 2599.
+
+hilde-dēor, adj., _bold in battle, brave in battle_: nom. sg., 312, 835,
+1647, 1817; hilde-dīor, 3112; nom. pl. hilde-dēore, 3171.
+
+hilde-freca, w. m., _hero in battle_: nom. pl. hilde-frecan, 2206; dat. sg.
+hild-frecan, 2367.
+
+hilde-geatwe, st. f. pl., _equipment for battle, adornment for combat_:
+acc. hilde-geatwe, 675; gen. -geatwa, 2363.
+
+hilde-gicel, st. m., _battle-icicle_, i.e. the blood which hangs upon the
+sword-blades like icicles: instr. pl. hilde-gicelum, 1607.
+
+hilde-grāp, st. f., _battle-gripe_: nom. sg., 1447, 2508.
+
+hilde-hlemma, w. m., _one raging in battle, warrior, fighter_: nom. sg.,
+2352, 2545; dat. pl. eft þæt ge-īode ... hilde-hlæmmum, _it happened to the
+warriors_ (the Gēatas), 2202.
+
+hilde-lēoma, w. m., _battle-light, gleam of battle_, hence: 1) the
+fire-spewing of the drake in the fight: nom. pl. -lēoman, 2584.--2) _the
+gleaming sword_: acc. sg. -lēoman, 1144.
+
+hilde-mecg, st. m., _man of battle, warrior_: nom. pl. hilde-mecgas, 800.
+
+hilde-mēce, st. m., _battle-sword_: nom. pl. -mēceas, 2203.
+
+hilde-rand, st. m., _battle-shield_: acc. pl. -randas, 1243.
+
+hllde-rǣs, st. m., _storm of battle_: acc. sg., 300.
+
+hilde-rinc, st. m., _man of battle, warrior, hero_: nom. sg., 1308, 3125,
+3137; dat. sg. hilde-rince, 1496; gen. sg. hilde-rinces, 987.
+
+hilde-sæd, adj., _satiated with battle, not wishing to fight any more_:
+acc. sg. hilde-sædne, 2724.
+
+hilde-sceorp, st. n., _battle-dress, armor, coat of mail_: acc. sg., 2156.
+
+hilde-setl, st. n., _battle-seat_ (saddle): nom. sg., 1040.
+
+hilde-strengo, st. f., _battle-strength, bravery in battle_: acc., 2114.
+
+hilde-swāt, st. m., _battle-sweat_: nom. sg. hāt hilde-swāt (the hot, damp
+breath of the drake as he rushes on), 2559.
+
+hilde-tūx, st. m., _battle-tooth_: instr. pl. hilde-tūxum, 1512.
+
+hilde-wǣpen, st. m., _battle-weapon_: instr. pl. -wǣpnum, 39.
+
+hilde-wīsa, w. m., _leader in battle, general_: dat. sg. fore Healfdenes
+hildewīsan, _Healfdene's general_ (Hnæf), 1065.
+
+hild-freca. See hilde-freca
+
+hild-fruma, st. m., _battle-chief_: dat. sg. -fruma, 1679, 2650; gen. sg.
+þæs hild-fruman, 2836.
+
+hlld-lata, w. m., _he who is late in battle, coward_: nom. pl. þā
+hild-latan, 2847.
+
+hilt, st. n., _sword-hilt_: nom. gylden hilt, 1678; acc. sg. þæt hilt,
+1669; hylt, 1668. Also used in the plural; acc. þā hilt, 1615; dat. pl, be
+hiltum, 1575.--Comp.: fetel-, wreoðen-hilt.
+
+hilte-cumbor, st. n., _banner with a staff_: acc. sg., 1023.
+
+hilted, pret. part., _provided with a hilt_ or _handle_: acc. sg. heard
+swyrd hiked, _sword with a_ (rich) _hilt_, 2988.
+
+hin-fūs, adj., _ready to die_: nom. sg. hyge wæs him hinfūs (i.e. he felt
+that he should not survive), 756.
+
+hindema, adj. superl., _hindmost, last_: instr. sg. hindeman sīðe, _the
+last time, for the last time_, 2050, 2518.
+
+hirde, hyrde, st. m., (_herd_) _keeper, guardian, possessor_: nom. sg.
+folces hyrde, 611, 1833, 2982; rīces hyrde, 2028; fyrena hyrde, _the
+guardian of mischief, wicked one_, 751, 2220; wuldres hyrde, _the king of
+glory, God_, 932; hringa hyrde, _the keeper of the rings_, 2246; cumbles
+hyrde, _the possessor of the banner, the bearer of the banner_, 2506;
+folces hyrde, 1850; frætwa hyrde, 3134; rīces hyrde, 3081; acc. pl. hūses
+hyrdas, 1667.--Comp.: grund-hyrde.
+
+hit (O.N. hita), st. f. (?), _heat_: nom. sg. þenden hyt sȳ, 2650.
+
+hladan, st. v.: 1) _to load, to lay_: inf. on bǣl hladan lēofne mannan,
+_lay the dear man on the funeral-pile_, 2127; him on bearm hladan bunan and
+discas, _laid cups and plates upon his bosom, loaded himself with them_,
+2776; pret. part. þǣr wæs wunden gold on wǣn hladen, _laid upon the wain_,
+3135.--2) _to load, to burden_: pret. part. þā wæs ... sǣgēap naca hladen
+herewǣdum, _loaded with armor_, 1898.--Comp. gilp-hlæden.
+
+ge-hladan, w. acc., _to load, to burden_: pret. sg. sǣbāt gehlōd (MS
+gehleod), 896.
+
+hlāford, st. m., _lord, ruler_: nom. sg., 2376; acc. sg., 267; dat. sg.
+hlāforde, 2635; gen. sg. hlāfordes, 3181.--Comp. eald-hlāford.
+
+hlāford-lēas; adj., _without a lord_: nom. pl. hlāford-lēase, 2936.
+
+hlāw, hlǣw, st. m., _grave-hill_: acc. sg. hlǣw, 2803, 3159, 3171; dat. sg.
+for hlāwe, 1121. Also, _grave-chamber_ (the interior of the grave-hill),
+_cave_: acc. sg. hlāw [under] hrūsan, 2277; hlǣw under hrūsan, 2412; dat.
+sg. on hlǣwe, 2774. The drake dwells in the rocky cavern which the former
+owner of his treasure had chosen as his burial-place, 2242-2271.
+
+hlæst, st. n., _burden, load_: dat. sg. hlæste, 52.
+
+hlem, st. m., _noise, din of battle, noisy attack_: in the compounds, ūht-,
+wæl-hlem.
+
+hlemma, w. m., _one raging, one who calls_; see hilde-hlemma.
+
+ā-hlehhan, st. v., _to laugh aloud, to shout, to exult_: pret. sg. his mōd
+āhlōg, _his mood exulted_, 731.
+
+hleahtor, st. m., _laughter_: nom. sg., 612; acc. sg., 3021.
+
+hlēapan, st. v., _to run, to trot, to spring_: inf. hlēapan lēton ...
+fealwe mēaras, 865.
+
+ā-hleapan, _to spring up_: pret. āhlēop, 1398.
+
+hleoðu. See hlið.
+
+hleonian, w. v., _to incline, to hang over_: inf. oð þæt hē ...
+fyrgen-bēamas ofer hārne stān hleonian funde, _till he found mountain-trees
+hanging over the gray rocks_, 1416.
+
+hlēo, st. m., _shady, protected place; defence, shelter_; figurative
+designation of the king, or of powerful nobles: wīgendra hlēo, of Hrōðgār,
+429; of Sigemund, 900; of Bēowulf, 1973, 2338; eorla hlēo, of Hrōðgār,
+1036, 1867; of Bēowulf, 792; of Hygelāc, 2191.
+
+hlēo-burh, st. f., _ruler's castle_ or _city_: acc. sg., 913, 1732.
+
+hlēoðor-cwyde, st. m., _speech of solemn sound, ceremonious words_, 1980.
+
+hlēor, st. n., _cheek, jaw_: in comp. fǣted-hlēor (adj.).
+
+hlēor-bera, w. m., _cheek-bearer_, the part of the helmet that reaches down
+over the cheek and protects it: acc. pl. ofer hlēor-beran (_visor_?), 304.
+
+hlēor-bolster, st. m., _cheek-bolster, pillow_: nom. sg., 689.
+
+hlēotan, st. v. w. acc., _to obtain by lot, to attain, to get_: pret. sg.
+feorh-wunde hlēat, 2386.
+
+hlīfian, w. v., _to rise, to be prominent_: inf. hlīfian, 2806; pret.
+hlīfade, 81, 1800, 1899.
+
+hlið, st. n., _cliff, precipice of a mountain_: dat. sg. on hlīðe, 3159;
+gen. sg. hlīðes, 1893; pl. hliðo in composition, stān-hliðo; hleoðu in the
+compounds fen-, mist-, næs-, wulf-hleoðu.
+
+hlin-bed (Frisian hlen-bed, Richthofen 206^28, for which another text has
+cronk-bed), st. n., κλινίδιον, _bed for reclining, sick-bed_: acc. sg.
+hlim-bed, 3035.
+
+tō-hlīdan, st. v., _to spring apart, to burst_: pret. part. nom. pl.
+tō-hlidene, 1000.
+
+hlūd, adj., _loud_: acc. sg. drēam ... hlūdne, 89.
+
+hlyn, st. m., _din, noise, clatter_: nom. sg., 612.
+
+hlynnan, hlynian, w. v., _to sound, to resound_: inf. hlynnan (of the
+voice), 2554; of fire, _to crackle_: pret. sg. hlynode, 1121.
+
+hlynsian, w. v., _to resound, to crash_: pret. sg. reced hlynsode, 771.
+
+hlytm, st. m., _lot_: dat. sg. næs þā on hlytme, hwā þæt hord strude, _it
+did not depend upon lot who should plunder the hoard_, i.e. its possession
+was decided, 3127.
+
+hnāh, adj.: 1) _low, inferior_: comp. acc. sg. hnāgran, 678; dat. sg.
+hnāhran rince, _an inferior hero, one less brave_, 953.--2) _familiarly
+intimate_: nom. sg. næs hīo hnāh swā þēah, _was nevertheless not familiarly
+intimate_ (with the Gēatas, i.e. preserved her royal dignity towards them),
+(_niggardly_?), 1930.
+
+hnǣgan, w. v. w. acc., (for nǣgan), _to speak to, to greet_: pret. sg. þæt
+hē þone wīsan wordum hnǣgde frēan Ingwina, 1319.
+
+ge-hnǣgan, w. acc., _to bend, to humiliate, to strike down, to fell_: pret.
+sg. ge-hnǣgde helle gāst, 1275; þǣr hyne Hetware hilde gehnǣgdon, 2917.
+
+hnitan, st. v., _to dash against, to encounter_, here of the collision of
+hostile bands: pret. pl. þonne hniton (hnitan) fēðan, 1328, 2545.
+
+hoðma, w. m., _place of concealment, cave_, hence, _the grave_: dat. sg. in
+hoðman, 2459.
+
+hof, st. n., _enclosed space, court-yard, estate, manor-house_: acc. sg.
+hof (Hrōðgār's residence), 312; dat. sg. tō hofe sīnum (Grendel's home in
+the sea), 1508; tō hofe (Hygelāc's residence), 1975; acc. pl. beorht hofu,
+2314; dat. pl. tō hofum Gēata, 1837.
+
+hogode. See hycgan.
+
+hold, adj., _inclined to, attached to, gracious, dear, true_: nom. sg. w.
+dat. of the person, hold weorod frēan Scyldinga, _a band well disposed to
+the lord of the Scyldings_, 290; mandrihtne hold, 1230; Hygelāce wæs ...
+nefa swȳðe hold, _to H. was his nephew_ (Bēowulf) _very much attached_,
+2171; acc. sg. þurh holdne hige, _from a kindly feeling, with honorable
+mind_, 267; holdne wine, 376; holdne, 1980; gen. pl. holdra, 487.
+
+hold. See healdan.
+
+holm, st. m., _deep sea_: nom. sg., 519, 1132, 2139; acc. sg., 48, 633;
+dat. sg. holme, 543, 1436, 1915; acc. pl. holmas, 240.--Comp. wǣg-holm.
+
+holm-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: dat. sg. on þām holm-clife, 1422; from þǣm
+holmclife, 1636; acc. pl. holm-clifu, 230.
+
+holm-wylm, st. m., _the waves of the sea_: dat. sg. holm-wylme, 2412.
+
+holt, st. n., _wood, thicket, forest._ acc. sg. on holt, 2599; holt,
+2847.--Comp.: æsc-, fyrgen-, gār-, Hrefnes-holt.
+
+holt-wudu, st. m., _forest-wood_: 1) of the material: nom. sg., 2341.--2) =
+_forest_: acc. sg., 1370.
+
+hop, st. n., _protected place, place of refuge, place of concealment_, in
+the compounds fen-, mōr-hop.
+
+hord, st. m. and n., _hoard, treasure_: nom. sg., 2284, 3085; bēaga hord,
+2285; māðma hord, 3012; acc. sg. hord, 913, 2213, 2320, 2510, 2745, 2774,
+2956, 3057; sāwle hord, 2423; þæt hord, 3127; dat. sg. of horde, 1109; for
+horde, _on account of_ (the robbing of) _the hoard_, 2782; hǣðnum horde,
+2217; gen. sg. hordes, 888.--Comp.: bēah-, brēost-, word-, wyrm-hord.
+
+hord-ærn, st. n., _place in which a treasure is kept, treasure-room_: dat.
+hord-ærne, 2832; gen. pl. hord-ærna, 2280.
+
+hord-burh, st. f., _city in which is the treasure_ (of the king's),
+_ruler's castle_: acc. sg., 467.
+
+hord-gestrēon, st. n., _hoard-treasure, precious treasure_: dat. pl.
+hord-gestrēonum, 1900; gen. pl. mægen-byrðenne hord-gestrēona, _the great
+burden of rich treasures_, 3093.
+
+hord-māððum, st. m., _treasure-jewel, precious jewel_: acc. sg. (-madmum,
+MS.), 1199.
+
+hord-wela, w. m., _treasure-riches, abundance of treasures_: acc. sg.
+hord-welan, 2345.
+
+hord-weard, st. m., _warder of the treasure, hoard-warden_: 1) of the king:
+nom. sg., 1048; acc. sg., 1853.--2) of the drake: nom. sg., 2294, 2303,
+2555, 2594.
+
+hord-weorðung, st. f., _ornament out of the treasure, rich ornament_: acc.
+sg.--weorðunge, 953.
+
+hord-wyn, st. f., _treasure-joy, joy-giving treasure_: acc. sg. hord-wynne,
+2271.
+
+horn, st. m., _horn_: 1) upon an animal: instr. pl. heorot hornum trum,
+1370.--2) wind-instrument: nom. sg., 1424; acc. sg., 2944.--Comp. gūð-horn.
+
+horn-boga, w. m., _bow made of horn_: dat. sg. of horn-bogan, 2438.
+
+horn-gēap, adj., of great extent between the (stag-)horns adorning the
+gables(?): nom. sg. sele ... hēah and horn-gēap, 82.
+
+horn-reced, st. n., building whose two gables are crowned by the halves of
+a stag's antler(?): acc. sg., 705. Cf. Heyne's Treatise on the Hall,
+Heorot, p. 44.
+
+hors, st. n., _horse_: nom. sg., 1400.
+
+hōciht, adj., _provided with hooks, hooked_: in comp. heoro-hōciht.
+
+be-hōfian, w. v. w. gen., _to need, to want_: pres. sg. III. nū is se dæg
+cumen þat ūre man-dryhten mægenes behōfað gōdra gūðrinca, _now is the day
+come when our lord needs the might of strong warriors_, 2648.
+
+on-hōhsnian, w. v., _to hinder_: pret. sg. þæt onhōhsnode Heminges mǣg (on
+hohsnod, MS.), 1945.
+
+hōlinga, adv., _in vain, without reason_, 1077.
+
+be-hōn, st. v., _to hang with_: pret. part. helmum behongen, 3140.
+
+hōs (Goth, hansa), st. f., _accompanying troop, escort_: instr. sg. mægða
+hōse, _with an accompanying train of servingwomen_, 925.
+
+hræðe, adv., _hastily, quickly, immediately_, 224, 741, 749, 1391, etc.;
+hraðe, 1438; hreðe, 992; compar. hraðor, 543.
+
+hran-fix, st. m., _whale_: acc. pl. hron-fixas, 540.
+
+hran-rād, st. f., _whale-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. ofer hron-rāde, 10.
+
+hrā, st. n., _corpse_: nom. sg., 1589.
+
+hrā-fyl, st. m., _fall of corpses, killing, slaughter_: acc. sg., 277.
+
+hrædlīce, adv., _hastily, immediately_, 356, 964.
+
+hræfn, hrefn, st. m., _raven_: nom. sg. hrefn blaca, _black raven_, 1802;
+se wonna hrefn, _the dark raven_, 3025; dat. sg. hrefne, 2449.
+
+hrægl, st. n., _dress, garment, armor_: nom. sg., 1196; gen. sg., hrægles,
+1218; gen. pl. hrægla, 454--Comp.: beado-, fyrd-, mere-hrægl.
+
+hreðe. See hraðe.
+
+hreðer, st. m., _breast, bosom_ nom. sg. hreðer inne wēoll _(it surged in
+his breast_), 2114; hreðer ǣðme wēoll, 2594; dat. sg. in hreðre, 1152; of
+hreðre, 2820.--_Breast_ as the seat of feeling, _heart_: dat. sg. þæt wæs
+... hreðre hygemēðe, _that was depressing to the heart_ (of the slayer,
+Hæðcyn), 2443; on hreðre, 1879, 2329; gen. pl. þurh hreðra gehygd,
+2046.--_Breast_ as seat of life: instr. sg. hreðre, parallel with aldre,
+1447.
+
+hreðer-bealo, st. n., _evil that takes hold on the heart, evil severely
+felt_: acc. sg., 1344.
+
+hrefn. See hræfn.
+
+hrēð, st. f., _glory_; in composition, gūð-hrēð; _renown, assurance of
+victory_, in sige-hrēð.
+
+hrēðe, adj., _renowned in battle_: nom. sg. hrēð (on account of the
+following æt, final _e_ is elided, as wēnic for wēne ic, 442; frōfor and
+fultum for frōfre and fultum, 699; firen ondrysne for firene ondr., 1933,
+2576.
+
+hrēð-sigor, st. m., _glorious victory_: dat. sg. hrēð-sigora, 2584.
+
+hrēmig, adj., _boasting, exulting_: with instr. and gen. hūðe hrēmig, 124;
+since hrēmig, 1883; frætwum hrēmig, 2055; nom. pl. nealles Hetware hrēmge
+þorfton (sc. wesan) fēðe-wīges, 2365.
+
+on-hrēran, w. v., _to excite, to stir up_: pret. part. on-hrēred, 549,
+2555.
+
+hreā-wīc, st. n., _place of corpses_: acc. sg. Gēata lēode hreā-wīc
+hēoldon, _held the place of corpses_, 1215.
+
+hrēad, st. f., _ornament_(?), in comp. earm-hrēad. See hrēoðan.
+
+hrēam, st. m., _noise, alarm_:: nom. sg., 1303.
+
+hrēoða, w. m., _cover_, in the compound bord-hrēoða.
+
+hrēoðan, ge-hrēoðan, st. v., _to cover, to clothe_; only in the pret. part.
+hroden, gehroden, _dressed, adorned_: hroden, 495, 1023; þā wæs heal hroden
+fēonda fēorum, _then was the hall covered with the corpses of the enemy_,
+1152; ge-hroden golde, _adorned with gold_, 304.--Comp.: bēag-,
+gold-hroden.
+
+hrēoh, hrēow, hrēo, adj., _excited, stormy, wild, angry, raging; sad,
+troubled_: nom. sg. (Bēowulf) hrēoh and heoro-grim, 1565; þæt þām gōdan wæs
+hrēow on hreðre, (_that came with violence upon him, pained his heart_),
+2329; hrēo wǣron ȳða, _the waves were angry, the sea stormy_, 548; næs him
+hrēoh sefa, _his mind was not cruel_, 2181; dat. sg. on hrēon mōde, _of sad
+heart_, 1308; on hrēoum mōde, _angry at heart_, 2582.
+
+hrēoh-mōd, adj., _of sad heart_, 2133; _angry at heart_, 2297.
+
+hrēosan, st. v., _to fall, to sink, to rush_: pret. hrēas, 2489, 2832;
+pret. pl. hruron, 1075; hīe on weg hruron, _they rushed away_, 1431; hruron
+him tēaras, _tears burst from him_, 1873.
+
+be-hrēosan, _to fall from, to be divested of_: pret. part. acc. pl.
+fyrn-manna fatu ... hyrstum behrorene, _divested of ornaments_ (from which
+the ornaments had fallen away), 2760.
+
+hrēow, st. f., _distress, sorrow_: gen. pl. þæt wæs Hrōðgāre hrēowa
+tornost, _that was to Hrōðgār the bitterest of his sorrows_, 2130.
+
+hring, st. m.: 1) _ring_: acc. sg. þone hring, 1203; hring gyldenne, 2810;
+acc. pl. hringas, 1196, 1971, 3035; gen. pl. hringa, 1508, 2246.--2) _shirt
+of mail_ (of interlaced rings): nom. sg. hring, 1504; byrnan hring,
+2261.--Comp. bān-hring.
+
+hringan, w. v., _to give forth a sound, to ring, to rattle_: pret. pl.
+byrnan hringdon, 327.
+
+hring-boga, w. m., _one who bends himself into a ring_: gen. sg.
+hring-bogan (of the drake, bending himself into a circle), 2562.
+
+hringed, pret. part., _made of rings_: nom. sg. hringed byrne, 1246; acc.
+sg. hringde byrnan, 2616.
+
+hringed-stefna, w. m., _ship whose stem is provided with iron rings_
+(cramp-irons), especially of sea-going ships (cf. Frið-þiofs saga, I:
+þorsteinn ātti skip þat er Ellidi hēt, ... borðit war spengt iarni): nom.
+sg., 32, 1898; acc. sg. hringed-stefnan, 1132.
+
+hring-īren, st. n., _ring-iron, ring-mail_: nom. sg., 322.
+
+hring-mǣl, adj., _marked with rings_, i.e. ornamented with rings, or marked
+with characters of ring-form: nom. acc. sg., of the sword, 1522, 1562(?);
+nom. pl. heard and hring-mǣl Heaðobeardna gestrēon (_rich armor_), 2038.
+
+hring-naca, w. m., _ship with iron rings, sea-going ship_: nom. sg., 1863.
+
+hring-net, st. n., _ring-net_, i.e. a shirt of interlaced rings: acc. sg.,
+2755; acc. pl. hring-net, 1890.
+
+hring-sele, st. m., _ring-hall_, i.e. hall in which are rings, or in which
+rings are bestowed: acc. sg., 2841; dat. sg., 2011, 3054.
+
+hring-weorðung, st. f., _ring-ornament_: acc. sg. -weorðunge, 3018.
+
+hrīnan, st. v. w. dat.: 1) _to touch, lay hold of_: inf. þæt him heardra
+nān hrīnan wolde īren ǣrgōd (_that no good sword of valiant men would make
+an impression on him_), 989; him for hrōf-sele hrīnan ne mehte fǣrgripe
+flōdes (_the sudden grip of the flood might not touch him owing to the
+hall-roof_), 1516; þæt þām hring-sele hrīnan ne mōste gumena ǣnig _(so that
+none might touch the ringed-hall), _3054; pret. sg. siððan hē hire folmum
+[hr]ān (_as soon as he touched it with his hands_), 723; oð þæt dēaðes wylm
+hrān æt heortan (_seized his heart_), 2271. Pret. subj. þēah þe him wund
+hrīne (_although he was wounded_), 2977.--2) (O.N. hrīna, _sonare,
+clamare), to resound, rustle_: pres. part. nom. pl. hrīnde bearwas (for
+hrīnende) 1364; but see Note.
+
+hroden. See hrēoðan.
+
+hron-fix. See hran-fix.
+
+hrōðor, st. m., _joy, beneficium_: dat sg. hrefne tō hrōðre, 2449; gen. pl.
+hrōðra, 2172.
+
+hrōf, st. m., _roof, ceiling of a house_: nom. sg., 1000; acc. sg. under
+Heorotes hrōf, 403; under gēapne hrōf, 838; geseah stēapne hrōf (here
+_inner roof, ceiling_), 927; so, ofer hēahne hrōf, 984; ymb þæs helmes
+hrōf, 1031; under beorges hrōf, 2756.--Comp. inwit-hrōf.
+
+hrōf-sele, st. m., _covered hall_: dat. sg. hrōf-sele, 1516.
+
+hrōr, adj., _stirring, wide-awake, valorous_: dat. sg. of þǣm hrōran,
+1630.--Comp. fela-hrōr.
+
+hruron. See hrēosan.
+
+hrūse, w. f., _earth, soil_: nom. sg., 2248, 2559; acc. sg. on hrūsan, 773,
+2832; dat. sg. under hrūsan, 2412.
+
+hrycg, st. m., _back_: acc. sg. ofer wæteres hrycg (_over the water's back,
+surface_), 471.
+
+hryre, st. m., _fall, destruction, ruin_: acc. sg., 3181; dat. sg., 1681,
+3006.--Comp.: lēod-, wīg-hryre.
+
+hrysian, w. v., _to shake, be shaken, clatter_: pret. pl. syrcan hrysedon
+(_corselets rattled_, of men in motion), 226.
+
+hund, st. m., _dog_: instr. pl. hundum, 1369.
+
+hund, num., _hundred_: þrēo hund, 2279; w. gen. pl. hund missēra, 1499;
+hund þūsenda landes and locenra bēaga, 2995.
+
+hū, adv., _how, quomodo_, 3, 116, 279, 738, 845, 2319, 2520, 2719, etc.
+
+huð, st. f., _booty, plunder_: dat. (instr.) sg. hūðe, 124.
+
+hūru, adv., _above all, certainly_, 369; _indeed, truly_, 182, 670, 1072,
+1466, 1945, 2837; _yet, nevertheless_, 863; _now_, 3121.
+
+hūs, st. n., _house_: gen. sg. hūses, 116; gen. pl. hūsa sēlest (Heorot),
+146, 285, 659, 936.
+
+hwan, adv., _whither_: tō hwan syððan wearð hondrǣs hæleða (_what issue the
+hand-to-hand fight of the heroes had_), 2072.
+
+hwanan, hwanon, adv., _whence_: hwanan, 257, 2404; hwanon, 333.
+
+hwā, interrog. and indef. pron., _who_: nom. sg. m. hwā, 52, 2253, 3127;
+neut. hwæt, 173; ānes hwæt (_a part only_), 3011; hwæt þā men wǣron (_who
+the men were_), 233, etc.; hwæt syndon gē searo-hæbbendra (_what armed men
+are ye?_), 237; acc. sg. m. wið manna hwone (_from (?) any man_), 155;
+neut. þurh hwæt, 3069; hwæt wit geō sprǣcon, 1477; hwæt ... hȳnðo (gen.),
+fǣr-nīða (_what shame and sudden woes_), 474; so, hwæt þū worn fela (_how
+very much thou_), 530; swylces hwæt, 881; hwæt ... ārna, 1187; dat. m.
+hwām, 1697.--Comp. ǣg-hwā.
+
+hwæt, interj., _what! lo! indeed!_ 1, 943, 2249.
+
+ge-hwā, w. part, gen., _each, each one_: acc. sg. m. wið fēonda gehwone,
+294; nīða gehwane, 2398; mēca gehwane, 2686; gum-cynnes gehwone, 2766; fem,
+on healfa gehwone, 801; dat. sg. m. dōgora gehwām, 88; æt nīða gehwām, 883;
+þegna gehwām, 2034; eorla gehwǣm, 1421; fem. in mǣgða ge-hwǣre, 25; nihta
+gehwǣm, 1366; gen. sing. m. manna gehwæs, 2528; fem. dǣda gehwæs, 2839.
+
+hwār. See hwǣr.
+
+hwæder. See hwider.
+
+hwæðer, pron., _which of two_: nom. sg. hwæðer ... uncer twēga, 2531; swā
+hwæðer, _utercunque_: acc. sg. on swā hwæðere hond swā him gemet þince,
+687.--Comp. ǣg-hwæðer.
+
+ge-hwæðer, _each of two, either-other_: nom. sg. m. wæs gehwæðer ōðrum
+lifigende lāð, 815; wæs ... gehwæðer ōðrum hrōðra gemyndig, 2172; nē
+gehwæðer incer (_nor either of you two_), 584; nom. sg. neut. gehwæðer þāra
+(_either of them_, i.e. ready for war or peace), 1249; dat. sg. hiora
+gehwæðrum, 2995; gen. sg. bēga gehwæðres, 1044.
+
+hwæðer, hwæðere, hwæðre, 1) adv., _yet, nevertheless_: hwæðre, 555, 891,
+1271, 2099, 2299, 2378, etc.; hwæðre swā þēah, _however, notwithstanding_,
+2443; hwæðere, 574, 578, 971, 1719--2) conj., = _utrum, whether_: hwæðre,
+1315; hwæðer, 1357, 2786.
+
+hwæt, adj., _sharp, bold, valiant_: nom. sg. se secg hwata, 3029; dat. sg.
+hwatum, 2162; nom. pl. hwate, 1602, 2053; acc. pl. hwate, 2643,
+3006.--Comp.: fyrd-, gold-hwæt.
+
+hwæt. See hwā.
+
+hwǣr, adv., _where_: elles hwǣr, _elsewhere_, 138; hwǣr, _somewhere_, 2030.
+In elliptical question: wundur hwār þonne..., _is it a wonder when...?_
+3063.--Comp. ō-hwǣr.
+
+ge-hwǣr, _everywhere_: þēah þū heaðo-rǣsa gehwǣr dohte (_everywhere good in
+battle_), 526.
+
+hwele. See hwyle.
+
+hwergen, adv., _anywhere_: elles hwergen, _elsewhere_, 2591.
+
+hwettan, w. v., _to encourage, urge_: pres. subj. swā þin sefa hwette (_as
+thy mind urges, as thou likest_), 490; pret. pl. hwetton higerōfne (_they
+whetted the brave one_), 204.
+
+hwēne, adv., _a little, paululum_, 2700.
+
+hwealf, st. f., _vault_: acc. sg. under heofones hwealf, 576, 2016.
+
+hweorfan, st. v., _to stride deliberately, turn, depart, move, die_: pres.
+pl. þāra þe cwice hwyrfað, 98; inf. hwīlum hē on lufan lǣteð hworfan monnes
+mōd-geþonc (_sometimes on love_ (?) _possessions_ (?) _permits the thoughts
+of man to turn_), 1729; londrihtes mōt ... monna ǣghwylc īdel hweorfan (_of
+rights of land each one of men must be deprived_), 2889; pret. sg. fæder
+ellor hwearf ... of earde (_died_), 55; hwearf þā hrædlīce þǣr Hrōðgār sæt,
+356; hwearf þā bī bence (_turned then to the bench_), 1189; so, hwearf þā
+be wealle, 1574; hwearf geond þæt reced, 1982; hlǣw oft ymbe hwearf (_went
+oft round the cave_), 2297; nalles æfter lyfte lācende hwearf (_not at all
+through the air did he go springing_), 2833; subj. pret. sg, ǣr hē on weg
+hwurfe ... of geardum (_died_), 264.
+
+and-hweorfan, _to move against_: pret. sg. oð þæt ... norðan wind
+heaðo-grim and-hwearf (_till the fierce north wind blew in our faces_),
+548.
+
+æt-hweorfan, _to go to_: pret. sg. hwīlum hē on beorh æt-hwearf (_at times
+returned to the mountain_), 2300.
+
+ge-hweorfan, _to go, come_: pret. sg. gehwearf þā in Francna fæðm feorh
+cyninges, 1211; hit on ǣht gehwearf ... Denigea frēan, 1680; so, 1685,
+2209.
+
+geond-hweorfan, _to go through from end to end_: pres. sg. flet eall
+geond-hwearf, 2018.
+
+hwider, adv., _whither_: hwyder, 163; hwæder (hwæðer, MS.), 1332.
+
+hwīl, st. f., _time, space of time_: nom. sg. wæs sēo hwīl micel (_it was a
+long time_), 146; þā wæs hwīl dæges (_the space of a day_), 1496; acc. sg.
+hwīle, _for a time_, 2138; _a while_, 105, 152; lange (longe) hwīle, _a
+long while_, 16, 2781; āne hwīle, _a while_, 1763; lȳtle hwīle, _brief
+space_, 2031, 2098; ǣnige hwīle, _any while_, 2549; lǣssan hwīle, _a lesser
+while_, 2572; dat. sg. ǣr dæges hwīle, _before daybreak_, 2321; dat. pl.
+nihtes hwīlum, _sometimes at night_, 3045. Adv., _sometimes, often_:
+hwīlum, 175, 496, 917, 1729, 1829, 2017, 2112, etc.; hwīlum ... hwīlum,
+2108-9-10.--Comp.: dæg-, gescæp-, orleg-, sige-hwīl.
+
+hwīt, adj., _brilliant, flashing_: nom. sg. se hwīta helm, 1449.
+
+hworfan. See hweorfan.
+
+hwōpan, st. v., _to cry, cry out mourn_: pret. sg. hwēop, 2269.
+
+hwyder. See hwider.
+
+hwylc, pron., _which, what, any_: 1) adj.: nom. sg. m. sceaða ic nāt hwylc,
+274; fem, hwylc orleghwīl, 2003; nom. pl. hwylce Sǣgēata sīðas wǣron,
+1987.--2) subst., w. gen. pl. nom. m.: Frisna hwylc, 1105; fem, efne swā
+hwylc mægða swā þone magan cende (_whatever woman brought forth this son_),
+944; neut. þonne his bearna hwylc (_than any one of his sons_), 2434; dat.
+sg. efne swā hwylcum manna swā him gemet þūhte, 3058.--Comp.: ǣg-, nāt-,
+wēl-hwylc.
+
+ge-hwylc, ge-hwilc, ge-hwelc, w. gen. pl., _each_: nom. sg. m. gehwylc,
+986, 1167, 1674; acc. sg. m. gehwylcne, 937, 2251, 2517; gehwelcne, 148;
+fem, gehwylce, 1706; neut. gehwylc, 2609; instr. sg. dōgra gehwylce, 1091;
+so, 2058, 2451; dat. sg. m. gehwylcum, 412, 769, 785, etc.; fem, ecga
+gehwylcre, 806; neut. cynna gehwylcum, 98; gen. sg. m. and neut. gehwylces,
+733, 1397, 2095.
+
+hwyrft, st. m., _circling movement, turn_: dat. pl. adv. hwyrftum scrīðað
+(_wander to and fro_), 163.--Comp. ed-hwyrft.
+
+hycgan, w. v., _to think, resolve upon_: pret. sg. ic þæt hogode þæt ...
+(_my intention was that ..._), 633.--Comp. w. pres. part.: bealo-, heard-,
+swīð-, þanc-, wīs-hycgend.
+
+for-hycgan, _to despise, scorn, reject with contempt_: pres. sg. I. ic þæt
+þonne for-hicge þæt ..., _reject with scorn the proposition that ..._, 435.
+
+ge-hycgan, _to think, determine upon_: pret. sg. þā þū ... feorr gehogodest
+sæcce sēcean, 1989.
+
+ofer-hycgan, _to scorn_: pret. sg. ofer-hogode þā hringa fengel þæt hē þone
+wīdflogan weorode gesōhte (_scorned to seek the wide-flier with a host_),
+2346.
+
+hȳdig (for hygdig), adj., _thinking, of a certain mind_: comp. ān-,
+bealo-, grom-, nīð-, þrīst-hȳdig.
+
+ge-hygd, st. n., _thought, sentiment_: acc. sg. þurh hreðra gehygd,
+2046.--Comp.: brēost-, mōd-gehygd, won-hyd.
+
+hyge, hige, st. m., _mind, heart, thought_: nom. sg. hyge, 756; hige, 594;
+acc. sg. þurh holdne hige, 267; gen. sg. higes, 2046; dat. pl. higum, 3149.
+
+hyge-bend, st. m. f., _mind-fetter, heart-band_: instr. pl. hyge-bendum
+fæst, _fast in his mind's fetters, secretly_, 1879.
+
+hyge-geōmor, adj., _sad in mind_: nom. sg. hyge-giōmor, 2409.
+
+hyge-mēðe, adj.: 1) _sorrowful, soul-crushing_: nom. sg., 2443.--2)
+_life-weary, dead_: dat. pl. hyge-mēðum (-mǣðum, MS.), 2910.
+
+hyge-rōf, adj., _brave, valiant, vigorous-minded_: nom. sg. [hygerōf], 403;
+acc. sg. hige-rōfne, 204.
+
+hyge-sorh, st. f., _heart-sorrow_: gen. pl. -sorga, 2329.
+
+hyge-þȳhtig, adj., _doughty, courageous_: acc. sg. hige-þihtigne (of
+Bēowulf), 747. See þȳhtig.
+
+hyge-þrym, st. m., _animi majestas, high-mindedness_: dat. pl. for
+hige-þrymmum, 339.
+
+hyht, st. m., _thought, pleasant thought, hope_ (Dietrich): nom. sg., 179.
+
+ge-hyld (see healdan), st. n., _support, protection_: nom. sg., 3057.--Leo.
+
+hyldan, w. v., _to incline one's self, lie down to sleep_: pret. sg. hylde
+hine, _inclined himself, lay down_, 689.
+
+hyldo, st. f., _inclination, friendliness, grace_: acc. sg. hyldo, 2068,
+2294; gen. sg. hyldo, 671, 2999.
+
+ā-hyrdan, w. v., _harden_: pret. part. ā-hyrded, 1461.
+
+hyrde. See hirde.
+
+hyrst, st. f., _accoutrements, ornament, armor_: acc. sg. hyrste
+(Ongenþēow's _equipments and arms_), 2989; acc. pl. hyrsta, 3166; instr.
+pl. hyrstum, 2763.
+
+hyrstan, w. v., _to deck, adorn_: pret. part. hyrsted sweord, 673; helm
+[hyr]sted golde, 2256.
+
+hyrtan, w. v., _to take heart, be emboldened_: pret. sg. hyrte hyne
+hord-weard (_the drake took heart_; see 2566, 2568, 2570), 2594.
+
+hyse, st. m., _youth, young man_: nom. sg. as voc., 1218.
+
+hyt. See hit.
+
+hȳdan, w. v., _to hide, conceal, protect, preserve_: pres. subj. hȳde
+[hine, _himself_] sē þe wylle, 2767; inf. w. acc. nō þū mīnne þearft
+hafalan hȳdan, 446; ǣr hē in wille hafelan [hȳdan] (_ere in it he_ [the
+stag] _will hide his head_), 1373.
+
+ge-hȳdan, w. acc., _to conceal, preserve_: pret. sg. gehȳdde, 2236, 3060.
+
+hȳð, st. f., _haven_: dat. sg. æt hȳðe, 32.
+
+hȳð-weard, st. m., _haven-warden_: nom. sg., 1915.
+
+hȳnan (see hēan), w. v. w. acc., _to crush, afflict, injure_: pret. sg.
+hȳnde, 2320.
+
+hȳnðu, st. f., _oppression, affliction, injury_: acc. sg. hȳnðu, 277;
+gen. sg. hwæt ... hȳnðo, 475; fela ... hȳnðo, 594; gen. pl. heardra
+hȳnða, 166.
+
+hȳran, w. v.: 1) _to hear, perceive, learn_: a) w. inf. or acc. with inf.:
+I. pret. sg. hȳrde ic, 38, 582, 1347, 1843, 2024; III. sg. þæt hē fram
+Sigemunde secgan hȳrde, 876; I. pl. swā wē sōðlīce secgan hȳrdon, 273. b)
+w. acc.: nǣnigne ic ... sēlran hȳrde hordmāððum (_I heard of no better
+hoard-jewel_), 1198. c) w. dependent clause: I. sg. pret. hȳrde ic þæt
+..., 62, 2164, 2173.--2) w. dat. of person, _to obey_: inf. oð þæt him
+ǣghwylc þāra ymbsittendra hȳran scolde, 10; hȳran heaðo-sīocum, 2755;
+Pret. pl. þæt him winemāgas georne hȳrdon, 66.
+
+ge-hȳran, _to hear, learn_: a) w. acc.: II. pers. sg. pres. mīnne gehȳrað
+ānfealdne geþōht, 255; III. sg. pret. gehȳrde on Bēowulfe fæstrǣdne
+geþōht, 610. b) w. acc. and inf.: III. pl. pret. gehȳrdon, 786. c) w.
+depend. clause: I. pres. sg. ic þæt gehȳre þæt ..., 290.
+
+I
+
+ic, pers. pron. _I_: acc. mec, dat. mē, gen. mīn; dual nom. wit, acc.
+uncit, unc, dat. unc, gen. uncer; pl. nom. wē, acc. ūsic, ūs, dat. ūs, gen.
+ūser. ic omitted before the verb, 470.
+
+icge, _gold_ (perhaps related to Sanskrit īç, = dominare, imperare, O.H.G.
+ēht, _wealth_, opes), _treasure?, sword_ (edge)?, 1108.--Körner.
+
+ides, st. f., _woman, lady, queen_: nom. sg., 621, 1076, 1118, 1169; dat.
+sg. idese, 1650, 1942. Also of Grendel's mother: nom. sg., 1260; gen. sg.
+idese, 1352.
+
+in. See inn.
+
+in: I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat. (local, indicating rest), _in_:
+in geardum, 13, 2460; in þǣm gūðsele, 443; in bēorsele, 2636; so, 89, 482,
+589, 696, 729, 2140, 2233, etc.; in mǣgða gehwǣre, 25; in þȳstrum, 87; in
+Caines cynne, 107; in hyra gryregeatwum (_in their accoutrements of terror,
+war-weeds_), 324; so, 395; in campe (_in battle_), 2506; hiora in ānum (_in
+one of them_), 2600. Prep. postpositive: Scedelandum in, 19. Also, _on,
+upon_, like on: in ealo-bence, 1030; in gumstōle, 1953; in þām wongstede
+(_on the grassy plain, the battle-field_), 2787; in bǣlstede, 3098.
+Temporal: in geār-dagum, 1.--2) w. acc. (local, indicating motion), _in,
+into_: in woruld, 60; in fȳres fæðm, 185; so, 1211; in Hrefnesholt, 2936.
+Temporal, _in, at, about, toward_: in þā tīde (in watide, MS.), 2228.
+
+II. adv., _in_ (here or there), 386, 1038, 1372, 1503, 1645, 2153, 2191,
+2228; inn, 3091.
+
+incge, adj. (perhaps related to icge), instr. sg. incge lāfe (_with the
+costly sword_ ? or _with mighty sword_?), 2578.--[_Edge_: incge lāfe, _edge
+of the sword_.--K. Körner?]
+
+in-frōd, adj., _very aged_: nom. sg., 2450; dat. sg. in-frōdum, 1875.
+
+in-gang, st. m., _entrance, access to_: acc. sg., 1550.
+
+in-genga, w. m., _in-goer, visitor_: nom. sg., of Grendel, 1777.
+
+in-gesteald, st. m., _house-property, possessions in the house_: acc. sg.,
+1156.
+
+inn, st. n., _apartment, house_: nom. sg. in, 1301.
+
+innan, adv., _within, inside_, 775, 1018, 2413, 2720; on innan (_in the
+interior_), _within_, 1741, 2716; þǣr on innan (_in there_), 71; burgum on
+innan (_within his city_), 1969. Also, _therein_: þǣr on innan, 2090, 2215,
+2245.
+
+innan-weard, adv., _inwards, inside, within_, 992, 1977; inne-weard, 999.
+
+inne, adv.: 1) _inside, within_, 643, 1282, 1571, 2114, 3060; word inne
+ābēad (_called, sent word, in_, i.e. standing in the hall door), 390; _in
+it_ (i.e. the battle), 1142; þǣr inne (_therein_), 118, 1618, 2116, 2227,
+3088.--2) = _insuper, still further, besides_, 1867.
+
+inwit, st. n., _evil, mischief, spite, cunning hostility_, as in
+
+inwit-feng, st. m., _malicious grasp, grasp of a cunning foe_: nom. sg.,
+1448.
+
+inwit-gæst, st. m., _evil guest, hostile stranger_: nom. sg., 2671.
+
+inwit-hrōf, st. m., _hostile roof, hiding-place of a cunning foe_: acc. sg.
+under inwit-hrōf, 3124.
+
+inwit-net, st. n., _mischief-net, cunning snare_: acc. sg., 2168.
+
+inwit-nīð, st. n., _cunning hostility, hostile contest_: nom. pl.
+inwit-nīðas (_hostility through secret attack_), 1859; gen. pl. inwit-nīða,
+1948.
+
+inwit-scear, st. m., _massacre through cunning, murderous attack_: acc. sg.
+eatolne inwit-scear, 2479.
+
+inwit-searo, st. n., _cunning, artful intrigue_: acc. sg. þurh inwit-searo,
+1102. See searo.
+
+inwit-sorh, st. f., _grief, remorse, mourning springing from hostile
+cunning_: nom. sg., 1737; acc. sg. inwid-sorge, 832.
+
+inwit-þanc, adj., _ill-disposed, malicious_: dat. sg. hē onfēng hraðe
+inwit-þancum (_he quickly grasped the cunning-in-mind_ [Grendel]), 749.
+
+irnan (for rinnan), st. v., _to run_: so be-irnan, _to run up to, occur_:
+pret. sg him on mōd be-arn (_came into his mind_), 67.
+
+on-irnan, _to open_: pret. sg. duru sōna onarn, 722.
+
+irre-mōd, adj. See yrre-mōd.
+
+Ī
+
+īdel, adj., _empty, bare; deprived of_: nom. sg., 145, 413; w. gen.
+lond-rihtes þǣre mǣgburge īdel (_deprived of his land-possessions among the
+people_ [of the Gēatas]), 2889.
+
+īdel-hende, adj., _empty-handed_, 2082.
+
+īren, st. n., _iron, sword_: nom. sg. dryhtlīc īren (_the doughty, lordly
+sword_), 893; īren ǣr-gōd, 990; acc. sg. lēoflīc īren, 1810; gen. pl. īrena
+cyst (_choicest of swords_), 674; īrenna cyst, 803; īrenna ecge (_edges of
+swords_), 2684.
+
+īren, adj., _of iron_: nom. sg. ecg wæs īren, 1460.
+
+īren-bend, st. f., _iron band, bond, rivet_: instr. pl. īren-bendum fæst
+(bold), 775, 999.
+
+īren-byrne, w. f., _iron corselet_: acc. sg. īren-byrnan, 2987. See
+īsern-byrne.
+
+īren-heard, adj., _hard as iron_: nom. sg., 1113.
+
+īrenne, adj., _of iron_: in comp. eall-īrenne.
+
+īren-þrēat, st. m., _iron troop, armored band_: nom. sg., 330.
+
+īs, st. n., _ice_: dat. sg. īse, 1609.
+
+īsern-byrne, w. f., _iron corselet_: acc. sg. īsern-byrnan, 672. See
+īren-byrne.
+
+īsern-scūr, st. f., _iron shower, shower of arrows_: gen. sg. þone þe oft
+gebād īsern-scūre, 3117.
+
+īs-gebind, st. n., _fetters of ice_: instr. sg. īs-gebinde, 1134.
+
+īsig, adj., _shining, brilliant_ (like brass): nom. sg. īsig (said of a
+vessel covered with plates(?) of metal), 33.--Leo.
+
+IO IU
+
+iū. See geō.
+
+iū-man. See geō-man.
+
+īo-mēowle. See geō-mēowle.
+
+L
+
+laðu, st. f., _invitation_.--Comp.: frēond-, nēod-laðu.
+
+ge-lafian, w. v. w. acc. pers. and instr. of the thing, _to refresh, lave_:
+pret. sg. wine-dryhten his wætere gelafede, 2723.
+
+lagu, st. m., _lake, sea_: nom. sg., 1631.
+
+lagu-cræftig, adj., _acquainted with the sea_: nom. sg. lagu-cræftig mon
+(_pilot_), 209.
+
+lagu-strǣt, st. f., _path over the sea_: acc. sg. ofer lagu-strǣte, 239.
+
+lagu-strēam, st. m., _sea-current, flood_: acc. pl. ofer lagu-strēamas,
+297.
+
+land, st. n., _land_: nom. sg. lond, 2198; acc. sg. land, 221, 2063; lond,
+2472, 2493; land Dena, 242, 253; lond Brondinga, 521; Finna land, 580; dat.
+sg. on lande (_in the land_), 2311, 2837; _at near, land, shore_, 1914; tō
+lande (_to the land, ashore_), 1624; gen. sg. landes, 2996; gen. pl. ofer
+landa fela (_over much country, space; afar_), 311.--Comp.: el-, ēa-land.
+
+land-būend, part, pres., terricola, _inhabitant of the land_: nom. pl.
+lond-būend, 1346; dat. pl. land-būendum, 95.
+
+land-fruma, w. m., _ruler, prince of the country_: nom. sg., 31.
+
+land-gemyrcu, st. n. pl., _frontier, land-mark_: acc. pl., 209.
+
+land-geweorc, st. n., _land-work, fortified place_: acc. sg. lēoda
+land-geweorc, 939. See weorc, geweorc.
+
+land-riht, st. n., _prerogatives based upon land-possessions, right to
+possess land_, hence _real estate_ itself: gen. sg. lond-rihtes īdel, 2887.
+
+land-waru, st. f., _inhabitants, population_: acc. pl. land-wara, 2322.
+
+land-weard, st. m., _guard, guardian of the frontier_: nom. sg., 1891.
+
+lang, long, adj., _long_: 1) temporal: nom. sg. tō lang, 2094; næs þā long
+(lang) tō þon (_not long after_), 2592, 2846; acc. sg. lange hwīle (_for a
+long time_), 16, 2160, 2781; longe (lange) þrāge, 54, 114, 1258; lange tīd,
+1916. Compar. nom. sg. lengra fyrst, 134.--2) local, nom. sg. sē wæs
+fīftiges fōtgemearces lang, 3044.--Comp.: and-, morgen-, niht-, up-lang.
+
+lange, longe, adv., _long_: lange, 31, 1995, 2131, 2345, 2424; longe, 1062,
+2752, 3109; tō lange (_too long, excessively long_), 906, 1337, 1749.
+Compar. leng, 451, 1855, 2802, 3065; nō þȳ leng (_none the longer_), 975.
+Superl. lengest (_longest_), 2009, 2239.
+
+ge-lang, adj., _extending, reaching to something_ or _somebody_, hence
+_ready, prepared_: nū is rǣd gelang eft æt þē ānum (_now is help [counsel]
+at hand in thee alone_), 1377; gēn is eall æt þē lissa gelong (_all of
+favor is still on thee dependent, is thine_), 2151. See ge-lenge.
+
+lang-ge-strēon, st. n., _long-lasting treasure_: gen. pl. long-gestrēona,
+2241.--Leo.
+
+langian, w. v., reflex, w. dat, _to long, yearn_: pres. sg. III. him
+...æfter dēorum men dyrne langað beorn (_the hero longeth secretly after
+the dear man_), 1880.
+
+lang-sum, adj., _long-lasting, continuing_: nom. sg. longsum, 134, 192,
+1723; acc. sg. long-sumne, 1537.
+
+lang-twidig, adj., _long-granted, assured_: nom. sg., 1709.
+
+lata, w. m., _a lazy, cowardly one_; in comp. hild-lata.
+
+lā, interj., _yes! indeed!_ 1701, 2865.
+
+lāc, st. n.: 1) _measured movement, play_: in comp. beadu-, heaðo-lāc.--2)
+_gift, offering_: acc. pl. lāc, 1864; lāðlīcu lāc (_loathly offering,
+prey_), 1585; dat. pl. lācum, 43, 1869.--Comp. sǣ-lāc.
+
+ge-lāc, st. n., _sport, play_: acc. pl. sweorda gelāc (_battle_), 1041;
+dat. pl. æt ecga gelācum, 1169.
+
+lācan, st. v., _to move in measured time, dancing, playing, fighting,
+flying_, etc.: inf. dareðum lācan (_fight_), 2849; part. pres. æfter lyfte
+lācende (_flying through the air_), 2833.
+
+for-lācan, _to deceive, betray_: part, pret. hē wearð on fēonda geweald
+forð forlācen (_deceitfully betrayed into the enemy's hands_), 904.
+
+lād, st. f., _street, way, journey_: dat. sg. on lāde, 1988; gen. sg. lāde,
+569.--Comp.: brim-, sǣ-lād.
+
+ge-lād, st. n., _way, path, road_: acc. sg. uncūð gelād, 1411.
+
+lāð, adj., _loathly, evil, hateful, hostile_: nom. sg. lāð, 816; lāð
+lyft-floga, 2316; lāð (_enemy_), 440; nē lēof nē lāð, 511; neut. lāð, 134,
+192; in weak form, se lāða (of the dragon), 2306; acc. sg. lāðne (wyrm),
+3041; dat. sg. lāðum, 440, 1258; gen. sg. lāðes (of the enemy), 842; fela
+lāðes (_much evil_), 930; so, 1062; lāðan līges, 83; lāðan cynnes, 2009,
+2355; þæs lāðan (of the enemy), 132; acc. pl. neut. lāð gewidru (_hateful
+storms_), 1376; dat. instr. pl. wið lāðum, 550; lāðum scuccum and scinnum,
+939; lāðum dǣdum (_with evil deeds_), 2468; lāðan fingrum, 1506; gen. pl.
+lāðra manna, spella, 2673, 3030; lāðra (_the enemy_), 242. Compar. nom. sg.
+lāðra ... beorn, 2433.
+
+lāð-bite, st. m., _hostile bite_: dat. sg. lāð-bite līces (_the body's
+hostile bite_ = the wound), 1123.
+
+lāð-getēona, w. m., _evil-doer, injurer_: nom. sg., 975; nom. pl.
+lāð-getēonan, 559.
+
+lāð-līc, adj., _loathly, hostile_: acc. pl. lāð-līcu, 1585.
+
+lāf, st. f.: 1) _what is left, relic; inheritance, heritage, legacy_: nom.
+sg. Hrēðlan lāf (Bēowulf's corselet), 454; nom. pl. fēla lāfe (_the
+leavings of files_ = swords, Grein), 1033; so, homera lāfe, 2830; on him
+gladiað gomelra lāfe, heard and hringmǣl Heaðobeardna gestrēon (_on him
+gleams the forefather's bequest, hard and ring-decked, the Heaðobeardas'
+treasure_, i.e. the equipments taken from the slain king of the
+Heaðobeardas), 2037; acc. sg. sweorda lāfe (_leavings of the sword_, i.e.
+those spared by the sword), 2937.--2) _the sword as a specially precious
+heir-loom_: nom. sg., 2629; acc. sg. lāfe, 796, 1489, 1689, 2192, 2564;
+instr. sg. incge lāfe, 2578.--Comp.: ende-, eormen-, wēa-, yrfe-, ȳð-lāf.
+
+lār, st. f., _lore, instruction, prescription_: dat. sg. be fæder lāre,
+1951; gen. pl. lāra, 1221; lārena, 269.--Comp. frēond-lār.
+
+lāst, st. m., _footstep, track_: acc. sg. lāst, 132, 972, 2165; on lāst
+(_on the traces of, behind_), 2946; nom. pl. lāstas, 1403; acc. pl. lāstas,
+842.--Comp.: fēðe-, feorh-, fōt-, wræc-lāst.
+
+læger. See leger.
+
+lāger-bed, st. n., _bed to lie on_ : instr. sg. leger-bedde, 1008.
+
+lǣs, adj., _less_, 1947; þȳ lǣs (_the less_), 487; conjunct, _that not,
+lest_, 1919.
+
+lǣssa, adj., _less, fewer_: nom. sg. lǣssa, 1283; acc. sg. m. lǣssan, 43;
+fem, lǣssan hwīle, 2572; dat. sg. for lǣssan (_for less, smaller_), 952.
+Superl. nom. sg. nō þæt lǣsest wæs hond-gemōt[a], 2355.
+
+læt, adj., _negligent, neglectful_; w. gen.: nom. sg. elnes læt, 1530.
+
+lǣdan, w. v. w. acc.: _to lead, guide, bring_: inf. lǣdan, 239; pret. pl.
+lǣddon, 1160.
+
+for-1ǣdan, _to mislead_: pret. pl. for-lǣddan, 2440 (?).
+
+ge-lǣdan, _lead, bring_: part. pret. ge-lǣded, 37.
+
+lǣfan, w. v.: 1), _to bequeathe, leave_: imper. sg. þīnum magum lǣf folc
+and rīce, 1179; pret. sg. eaferum lǣfde ... lond and lēodbyrig, 2471.--2)
+_spare, leave behind_: āht cwices lǣfan (_to spare aught living_), 2316.
+
+lǣn-dagas, st. m. pl., _loan-days, transitory days_ (of earthly existence
+as contrasted with the heavenly, unending): acc. pl. lǣn-dagas, 2592; gen.
+pl. lǣn-daga, 2342.
+
+lǣne, adj., _inconstant, perishable, evanescent, given over to death or
+destruction_: nom. sg., 1755, 3179; acc. sg. of rust-eaten treasures, 3130;
+þās lǣnan gesceaft (_this fleeting life_), 1623; gen. sg. lǣnan līfes,
+2846.
+
+lǣran, w. v., _to teach, instruct_: imper. sg. þū þē lǣr be þon (_learn
+this, take this to heart_), 1723.
+
+ge-lǣran, _to teach, instruct, give instruction_: inf. ic þæs Hrōðgār mæg
+... rǣd gelǣran (_I can give H. good advice about this_), 278; so, 3080;
+pret. pl. þā mē þæt ge-lǣrdon lēode mīne (_gave me the advice_), 415.
+
+lǣstan, w. v.: 1) _to follow, to sustain, serve_: inf. þæt him se līc-homa
+lǣstan nolde (_that his body would not sustain him_), 813.--2) _perform_:
+imper. lǣst eall tela (_do all well_), 2664.
+
+ge-lǣstan: 1) _to follow, serve_: pret. sg. (sweord) þæt mec ǣr and oft
+gelǣste, 2501.--2) _to fulfil, grant_: subj. pres. pl. þæt ... wilgesīðas,
+þonne wīg cume, lēode gelǣstan (_render war service_), 24; inf. ic þē sceal
+mīne gelǣstan frēode (_shall grant thee my friendship, be grateful_), 1707;
+pret. sg. bēot ... gelǣste (_fulfilled his boast_), 524; gelǣste swā (_kept
+his word_), 2991; pres. part. hæfde Ēast-Denum ... gilp gelǣsted (_had
+fulfilled for the East Danes his boast_), 830.
+
+lǣtan, st. v., _to let, allow_, w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. III. lǣteð,
+1729; imper. pl. II. lǣtað, 397; sg. II. lǣt, 1489; pret. sg. lēt, 2390,
+2551, 2978, 3151(?); pret. pl. lēton, 48, 865, 3133; subj. pret. sg. II.
+lēte, 1997; sg. III. lēte, 3083.
+
+ā-lǣtan: 1) _to let, allow_: subj. pres. sg. II. þæt þū ne ālǣte ... dōm
+ge-drēosan, 2666.--2) _to leave, lay aside_: inf. ālǣtan lǣn-dagas (_die_)
+2592; so, ālǣtan līf and lēodscipe, 2751.
+
+for-lǣtan: 1) _to let, permit_, w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg. for-lēt, 971;
+pret. pl. for-lēton, 3168. Also with inf. omitted: inf. nolde eorla hlēo
+... þone cwealmcuman cwicne (i.e. wesan) forlǣtan (_would not let the
+murderous spirit go alive_), 793.--2) _to leave behind, leave_: pret. sg.
+in þām wong-stede ... þǣr hē hine ǣr forlēt (_where he had previously left
+him_), 2788.
+
+of-lǣtan, _to leave, lay aside_: pres. sg. II. gyf þū ǣr þonne hē worold
+oflǣtest (_leavest the world, diest_), 1184; so pret. sg. oflēt līf-dagas
+and þās lǣnan gesceaft, 1623.
+
+on-lǣtan, _to release, liberate_: pres. sg. III. þonne forstes bend fæder
+on-lǣteð (_as soon as the Father looseth the frost's fetters_), 1610.
+
+ā-lecgan, w. v.: 1) _to lay, lay down_: pret. sg. syððan hilde-dēor hond
+ā-legde ... under gēapne hrōf, 835; þæt hē on Bēowulfes bearm ā-legde
+(_this_ [the sword] _he laid in B.'s bosom, presented to him_), 2195; pret.
+pl. ā-ledon þā lēofne þēoden ... on bearm scipes, 34; ā-legdon þā tō middes
+mǣrne þēoden _(laid the mighty prince in the midst_ [of the pyre]),
+3142.--2) _to lay aside, give up_: siððan ... in fen-freoðo feorh ā-legde
+(_laid down his life, died_), 852; nū se here-wīsa hleahtor ā-legde, gamen
+and glēo-drēam _(now the war-chief has left laughter_, etc.), 3021.
+
+leger, st. n., _couch, bed, lair_: dat. sg. on legere, 3044.
+
+lemian, w. v., _to lame, hinder, oppress_: pret. sg. (for pl.) hine
+sorh-wylmas lemede tō lange, 906. MS.
+
+leng. See lang.
+
+lenge, adj., _extending along_ or _to, near_ (of time): nom. sg. neut. ne
+wæs hit lenge þā gēn (_nor was it yet long_), 83.
+
+ge-lenge, adj., _extending, reaching to, belonging_: nom. sg. yrfe-weard
+... līce gelenge (_an heir belonging to one's body_), 2733.
+
+let, st. m., _place of rest, sojourn?_ in comp. eo-let (_voyage?_).
+
+lettan, w. v., _to hinder_: pret. pl. (acc. pers. and gen. thing), þæt
+syððan nā ... brim-līðende lāde ne letton (_might no longer hinder
+seafarers from journeying_), 569.
+
+ā-lēdon. See ā-lecgan.
+
+lēg, st. m., _flame, fire_: nom. sg. wonna lēg (_the lurid flame_), 3116;
+swōgende lēg, 3146; dat. sg. for dracan lēge, 2550. See līg.
+
+lēg-draca, w. m., _fire-drake, flaming dragon_: nom. sg., 3041.
+
+leahtre. See or-leahtre.
+
+lēaf, st. n., _leaf, foliage_: instr. pl. lēafum, 97.
+
+lēafnes-word, st. n., _permission, leave_: acc. pl., 245.
+
+lēan, st. v. w. acc. _to scold, blame_: pres. sg. III. lyhð, 1049; pret.
+sg. lōg, 1812; pret. pl. lōgon, 203, 863.
+
+be-lēan, _to dissuade, prevent_: inf. nē inc ǣnig mon ... belēan mihte
+sorhfullne sīð (_no one might dissuade you twain from your difficult
+journey_), 511.
+
+lēan, st. n., _reward, compensation_: acc. sg., 114, 952, 1221, 1585, 2392;
+dat. sg. lēane, 1022. Often in the pl.: acc. þā lēan, 2996; dat. þām
+lēanum, 2146; gen. lēana, 2991.--Comp.: and-, ende-lēan.
+
+leān (for lǣn, O.H.G. lēhan), st. n, _loan_, 1810.
+
+lēanian, w. v., _to reward, compensate_: pres. sg. I. ic þē þā fǣhðe fēo
+lēanige (_repay thee for the contest with old-time treasures_), 1381; pret.
+sg. mē þone wæl-rǣs wine Scyldinga fǣttan golde fela lēanode (_the friend
+of the Scyldings rewarded me richly for the combat with plated gold_),
+2103.
+
+lēas, adj., _false_: nom. pl. lēase, 253.
+
+lēas, adj., _deprived of, free from_, w. gen.: nom. sg. drēama lēas, 851;
+dat. sg. winigea lēasum, 1665.--Comp.: dōm-, drēam-, ealdor-, feoh-,
+feormend-, hlāford-, sāwol-, sige-, sorh-, tīr-, þēoden-, wine-, wyn-lēas.
+
+lēasig, adj., _concealing one's self_; in comp. sin-lēasig(?).
+
+leoðo-cræft, st. m., _the art of weaving_ or _working in meshes, wire_,
+etc.: instr. pl. segn eall-gylden ... gelocen leoðo-cræftum (_a banner all
+hand-wrought of interlaced gold_), 2770.
+
+leoðo-syrce, w. f., _shirt of mail (limb-sark)_: acc. sg. locene
+leoðo-syrcan (_locked linked sark_), 1506; acc. pl. locene leoðo-syrcan,
+1891.
+
+leomum. See lim.
+
+leornian, w. v., _to learn, devise, plan_: pret. him þæs gūð-cyning ...
+wræce leornode (_the war-king planned vengeance therefor_), 2337.
+
+lēod, st. m., _prince_: nom. sg., 341, 348, 670, 830, 1433, 1493, 1613,
+1654, etc.; acc. lēod, 626.
+
+lēod, st. f., _people_: gen. sg. lēode, 597, 600, 697. In pl. indicates
+_individuals, people, kinsmen_: nom. pl. lēode, 362, 415, 1214, 2126, etc.;
+gum-cynnes Gēata lēode (_people of the race of the Gēatas_), 260; acc. pl.
+lēode, 192, 443, 1337, 1346, etc.; dat. pl. lēodum, 389, 521, 619, 698,
+906, 1160, etc.; gen. pl. lēoda, 205, 635, 794, 1674, 2034, etc.
+
+lēod-bealo, st. n., (_mischief, misfortune affecting an entire people_),
+_great, unheard-of calamity_: acc. sg., 1723; gen. pl. lēod-bealewa, 1947.
+
+lēod-burh, st. f., _princely castle, stronghold of a ruler, chief city_:
+acc. pl. -byrig, 2472.
+
+lēod-cyning, st. m., _king of the people_: nom. sg., 54.
+
+lēod-fruma, w. m., _prince of the people, ruler_: acc. sg. lēod-fruman,
+2131.
+
+lēod-gebyrgea, w. m., _protector of the people, prince_: acc. sg.
+-gebyrgean, 269.
+
+lēod-hryre, st. m., _fall, overthrow, of the prince, ruler_: dat. sg. æfter
+lēod-hryre (_after the fall of the king of the Heaðobeardas_, Frōda, cf.
+2051, 2031; gen. sg. þæs lēod-hryres (of the fall of Heardred, cf. 2389,
+2392.
+
+lēod-sceaða, w. m., _injurer of the people_: dat. sg. þām lēod-sceaðan,
+2094.
+
+lēod-scipe, st. m., _the whole nation, people_: acc. sg., 2752; dat. sg. on
+þām lēod-scipe, 2198.
+
+lēoð, st. n., _song, lay_: nom. sg., 1160.--Comp.: fyrd-, gryre-, gūð-,
+sorh-lēoð.
+
+lēof, adj., _lief, dear_: nom. sg., 31, 54, 203, 511, 521, 1877, 2468; weak
+form m., lēofa, 1217, 1484, 1855, 2664; acc. sg. m. lēofne, 34, 297, 619,
+1944, 2128, 3109, 3143; gen. sg. lēofes (m.), 1995, 2081, 2898; (neut.),
+1062, 2911; dat. pl. lēofum, 1074; gen. pl. lēofra, 1916. Compar. nom. sg.
+neut. lēofre, 2652. Superl. nom. sg. m. lēofost, 1297; acc. sg. þone
+lēofestan, 2824.
+
+lēoflīc, _dear, precious, valued_: nom. sg. m. lēoflīc lind-wiga, 2604;
+acc. sg. neut. lēoflīc īren, 1810.
+
+lēogan, st. v., _to lie, belie, deceive_. subj. pres. næfne him his wlite
+lēoge (_unless his looks belie him_), 250; pret. sg. hē ne lēag fela wyrda
+nē worda, 3030.
+
+ā-lēogan, _to deceive, leave unfulfilled_: pret. sg. hē bēot ne ā-lēh (_he
+left not his promise unfulfilled_), 80.
+
+ge-lēogan, _to deceive, betray_: pret. sg. him sēo wēn gelēah (_hope
+deceived him_), 2324.
+
+lēoht, st. n., _light, brilliance_: nom. sg., 569, 728, 1751 (?); acc. sg.
+sunnan lēoht, 649; godes lēoht gecēas (_chose God's light, died_), 2470;
+dat. sg. tō lēohte, 95.--Comp.: ǣfen-, fȳr-, morgen-lēoht.
+
+lēoht, adj., _luminous, bright_: instr. sg. lēohtan sweorde, 2493.
+
+lēoma, w. m.: 1) _light, splendor_: nom. sg., 311, 2770; acc. sg. lēoman,
+1518; sunnan and mōnan lēoman (_light of sun and moon_), 95.--2) (as beadu-
+and hilde-lēoma), _the glittering sword_: nom. sg. līxte se lēoma (_the
+blade-gleam flashed_), 1571.
+
+lēosan, st. v., = amitti, in
+
+be-lēosan, _to deprive, be deprived of_: pres. part. (hēo) wearð beloren
+lēofum bearnum and brōðrum (_was deprived of her dear children and
+brethren_), 1074.
+
+for-lēosan, with dat. instr., _to lose something_: pret. sg. þǣr hē dōme
+for-lēas, ellen-mǣrðum (_there lost he the glory, the repute, of his heroic
+deeds_), 1471; pret. sg. for pl. þām þe ǣr his elne for-lēas (_to him who,
+before, had lost his valor_), 2862; part. pret. nealles ic þām lēanum
+for-loren hæfde (_not at all had I lost the rewards_), 2146.
+
+libban, w. v., _to live, be, exist_: pres. sing. III. lifað, 3169; lyfað,
+945; leofað, 975, 1367, 2009; subj. pres. sg. II. lifige, 1225; pres. part.
+lifigende, 816, 1954, 1974, 2063; dat. sg. be þē lifigendum (_in thy
+lifetime_), 2666; pret. sg. lifde, 57, 1258; lyfde, 2145; pret. pl. lifdon,
+99. See unlifigende.
+
+licgan, st. v.: 1) _to lie, lie down_ or _low_: pres. sg. nū sēo hand ligeð
+(_now the hand lies low_), 1344; nū se wyrm ligeð, 2746, so 2904; inf.
+licgan, 3130; licgean, 967, 3083; pret. sg. læg, 40, 552, 2078; syððan
+Heardrēd læg (_after Heardrēd had fallen_), 2389; pret. pl. lāgon, 3049;
+lǣgon, 566.--2) _to lie prostrate, rest, fail_: pret. sg. nǣfre on ōre læg
+wīd-cūðes wīg (_never failed the far-famed one's valor at the front_),
+1042; syððan wiðer-gyld læg (_after vengeance failed_, or, _when Withergyld
+lay dead_, if _W._ is a proper name), 2052.
+
+ā-licgan, _to succumb, fail, yield_: inf. 2887; pret. sg. þæt his dōm ā-læg
+(_that its power failed it_), 1529.
+
+ge-licgan, _to rest, lie still_: pret. sg. wind-blond gelæg, 3147.
+
+lida, w. m., _boat, ship_ (as in motion); in comp.: sund-, ȳð-lida.
+
+lid-man, st. m., _seafarer, sailor_: gen. pl. lid-manna, 1624.
+
+lim, st. n., _limb, branch_: instr. pl. leomum, 97.
+
+limpan, st. v., _to happen, befall_ (well or ill); impers. w. dat. pret.
+sg. hū lomp ēow on lāde (_how went it with you on the journey?_), 1988.
+
+ā-limpan, _to come about, offer itself_: pret. sg. oð þæt sǣl ā-lamp (_till
+the opportunity presented itself_), 623; pret. part, þā him ā-lumpen wæs
+wistfylle wēn (_since a hope of a full meal had befallen him_), 734.
+
+be-limpan, _to happen to, befall_: pret. sg. him sīo sār belamp, 2469.
+
+ge-limpan, _to happen, occur, turn out_: pres. sg. III. hit eft gelimpeð
+þæt..., 1754; subj. pres. þisse ansȳne alwealdan þanc lungre gelimpe
+(_thanks to the Almighty forthwith for this sight!_), 930; pret. sg. him on
+fyrste gelamp þæt..., 76; swā him ful-oft gelamp (_as often happened to
+them_), 1253; þæs þe hire se willa gelamp þæt ... (_because her wish had
+been fulfilled_), 627; frōfor eft gelamp sārig-mōdum, 2942; subj. pret. gif
+him þyslīcu þearf gelumpe, 2638; pret. part. Denum eallum wearð ... willa
+gelumpen, 825.
+
+lind, st. f. (properly _linden_; here, a a wooden shield covered with
+linden-bark or pith): nom. sg., 2342; acc. sg. geolwe linde, 2611; acc. pl.
+linde, 2366.
+
+lind-gestealla, w. m., _shield-comrade, war-comrade_: nom. sg., 1974.
+
+lind-hæbbend, pres. part., _provided with a shield_, i.e. warrior: nom. pl.
+-hæbbende, 245; gen. pl. hæbbendra, 1403.
+
+lind-plega, w. m., _shield-play_, i.e. battle: dat. sg. lind-plegan, 1074,
+2040.
+
+lind-wiga, w. m., _shield-fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 2604.
+
+linnan, st. v., _to depart, be deprived of_: inf. aldre linnan (_depart
+from life_), 1479; ealdres linnan, 2444.
+
+lis, st. f., _favor, affection_: gen. pl. eall ... lissa, 2151.
+
+list, st. m., _art, skill, cleverness, cunning_: dat. pl. adverbial, listum
+(_cunningly_), 782.
+
+līxan, w. v., _to shine, flash_: pret. sg. līxte, 311, 485, 1571.
+
+līc, st. n.: 1) _body, corpse_: nom. sg., 967; acc. sg. līc, 2081; þæt līc
+(_the body, corpse_), 2128; dat. sg. līce, 734, 1504, 2424, 2572, 2733,
+2744; gen. sg. līces, 451, 1123.-- 2) _form, figure_: in comp. eofor-,
+swīn-līc.
+
+ge-līc, adj., _like, similar_: nom. pl. m. ge-līce, 2165. Superl.
+ge-līcost, 218, 728, 986, 1609.
+
+līc-hama, -homa, w. m. _(body-home, garment), body_: nom. sg. līc-homa,
+813, 1008, 1755; acc. sg. līc-haman, 2652; dat. sg. līc-haman, 3179.
+
+līcian, w. v., _to please, like_ (impers.): pres. sg. III. mē þīn mōd-sefa
+līcað leng swā wēl, 1855; pret. pl. þām wīfe þā word wēl līcodon, 640.
+
+līcnes. See on-līcnes.
+
+līc-sār, st. n., _bodily pain_: acc. sg. līc-sār, 816.
+
+līc-syrce, w. f., _body-sark, shirt of mail covering the body_: nom. sg.,
+550.
+
+1īðan, st. v., _to move, go_: pres. part. nom. pl. þā līðende (_navigantes,
+sailors_), 221; þā wæs sund liden (_the water was then traversed_),
+223.--Comp.: hēaðu-, mere-, wǣg-līðend.
+
+līðe (O.H.G. lindi), adj., _gentle, mild, friendly_: nom. sg. w. instr.
+gen. lāra līðe, 1221. Superl. nom. sg. līðost, 3184.
+
+lið-wǣge, st. n., _can in which līð_ (a wine-like, foaming drink) _is
+contained_: acc. sg., 1983.
+
+līf, st. n., _life_: acc. sg. līf, 97, 734, 1537, 2424, 2744, 2752; dat.
+sg. līfe, 2572; tō līfe (_in one's life, ever_) 2433; gen. sg. līfes, 197,
+791, 807, 2824, 2846; worolde līfes (_of the earthly life_), 1388,
+2344.--Comp. edwīt-līf.
+
+līf-bysig, adj. _(striving for life or death), weary of life, in torment of
+death_: nom. sg., 967.
+
+līf-dagas, st. m. pl., _lifetime_: acc.-dagas, 794, 1623.
+
+līf-frēa, w. m., _lord of life, God_: nom. sg., 16.
+
+līf-gedāl, st. n., _separation from life_: nom. sg., 842.
+
+līf-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, destiny_: gen. pl.-gesceafta, 1954, 3065.
+
+līf-wraðu, st. f., _protection for one's life, safety_: acc. sg. līf-wraðe,
+2878; dat. sg. tō līf-wraðe, 972.
+
+līf-wyn, st. f., _pleasure, enjoyment, joy_ (of life): gen. pl. līf-wynna,
+2098.
+
+līg, st. m. n., _flame, fire_: nom. sg., 1123; dat. instr. sg. līge, 728,
+2306, 2322, 2342; gen. sg. līges, 83, 782. See lēg.
+
+līg-draca, w. m., _ fire-drake, flaming dragon_; nom. pl., 2334. See
+lēg-draca.
+
+līg-egesa, w. m., _horror arising through fire, flaming terror_: acc. sg.,
+2781.
+
+līge-torn, st. m., _false, pretended insult_ or _injury, fierce anger_(?):
+dat. sg. æfter līge-torne (_on account of a pretended insult?_ or _fierce
+anger?_ cf. Bugge in Zacher's Zeits. 4, 208), 1944.
+
+līg-ȳð, st. m., _wave of fire_: instr. pl. līg-ȳðum, 2673.
+
+lēon, st. v., _to lend_: pret. sg. þæt him on þearfe lāh þyle Hrōðgāres
+(_which H.'s spokesman lent him in need_), 1457.
+
+on-lēoon, _to lend, grant as a loan_, with gen. of thing and dat. pers.:
+pret. sg. þā hē þæs wǣpnes on-lāh sēlran sweord-frecan, 1468.
+
+loca, w. m., _bolt, lock_: in comp. bān-, burh-loca.
+
+locen. See lūcan.
+
+lond, long. See land, lang.
+
+lof, st. m. n., _praise, repute_: acc. sg. lof, 1537.
+
+lof-dǣd, st. f., _deed of praise_: instr. pl. lof-dǣdum, 24.
+
+lof-georn, adj., _eager for praise, ambitious_: superl. nom. sg.
+lof-geornost, 3184.
+
+loga, w. m., _liar_; in comp. trēow-loga.
+
+losian, w. v., _to escape, flee_: pres. sg. III. losað, 1393, 2063; pret.
+sg. hē on weg losade (_fled away_), 2097.
+
+lōcian, w. v., _to see, look at_: pres. sg. II. sǣ-lāc ... þē þū hēr tō
+lōcast (_booty of the sea that thou lookest on_), 1655.
+
+ge-lōme, adv., _often, frequently_, 559.
+
+lufe, w. f., _love_: in comp. hēah-, mōd-, wīf-lufe.
+
+lufa (cf. and-leofa, big-leofa, _nourishment_), w. m., _food, subsistence;
+property, real estate_: acc. sg. on lufan (_on possessions_), 1729.--Comp.
+eard-lufa.
+
+lufen, st. f. (cf. lufa), _subsistence, food; real estate, (enjoyment?)_:
+nom. sg. lufen (parallel with ēðel-wyn), 2887.
+
+luf-tācen, st. n., _love-token_: acc. pl. luf-tācen, 1864.
+
+lufian, w. v., _to love, serve affectionately_: pret. sg. III. lufode þā
+lēode (_was on affectionate terms with the people_), 1983.
+
+lungre, adv.: 1) _hastily, quickly, forthwith_, 930, 1631, 2311, 2744.--2)
+_quite, very, fully_: fēower mēaras lungre gelīce (_four horses quite
+alike_), 2165.
+
+lust, st. m., _pleasure, joy_: dat. pl. adv. lustum (_joyfully_), 1654; so,
+on lust, 619, cf. 600.
+
+lūcan, st. v., _to twist, wind, lock, interweave_: pret. part. acc. sg. and
+pl. locene leoðo-syrcan (_shirt of mail wrought of meshes or rings
+interlocked_), 1506, 1891; gen. pl. locenra bēaga (_rings wrought of gold
+wire_), 2996.
+
+be-lūcan: 1) _to shut, close in or around_: pret. sg. winter ȳðe be-lēac
+īs-gebinde (_winter locked the waves with icy bond_), 1133.-- 2) _to shut
+in, off, preserve, protect_: pret. sg. I. hig wīge belēac manegum mǣgða (_I
+shut them in, protected them, from war arising from many a tribe_), 1771.
+Cf. mē wīge belūc wrāðum fēondum (_protect me against mine enemies_), Ps.
+34, 3.
+
+ge-lūcan, _to unite, link together, make_: pret. part. gelocen, 2770.
+
+on-lūcan, _to unlock, open_: pret. sg. word-hord on-lēac (_opened the
+word-hoard, treasure of speech_), 259.
+
+tō-lucan, _(to twist, wrench, in two) to destroy_: inf., 782.
+
+lyft, st. f. (m. n.?), _air_: nom. sg., 1376; dat. sg. æfter lyfte (_along,
+through, the air_), 2833.
+
+lyft-floga, w. m., _air-flier_: nom. sg. (of the dragon), 2316.
+
+lyft-geswenced, pret. part., _urged, hastened on, by the wind_, 1914.
+
+lyft-wyn, st. f., _enjoyment of the air_: acc. sg. lyft-wynne, 3044.
+
+lyhð. See leahan.
+
+lystan, w. v., _to lust after, long for_: pret. sg. Gēat ungemetes wēl ...
+restan lyste(_the Gēat_ [Bēowulf] _longed sorely to rest_), 1794.
+
+lȳt, adj. neut. (= parum), _little, very little, few_: lȳt eft becwōm ...
+hāmes nīosan (_few escaped homeward_), 2366; lȳt ǣnig (_none at all_),
+3130; usually with gen.: wintra lȳt, 1928; lȳt ... hēafod-māga, 2151;
+wergendra tō lȳt (_too few defenders_), 2883; lȳt swīgode nīwra spella
+(_he kept to himself little, none at all, of the new tidings_), 2898; dat.
+sg. lȳt manna (_too few of men_), 2837.
+
+lȳtel, adj., _small, little_: nom. sg. neut. tō lȳtel, 1749; acc. sg. f.
+lȳtle hwīle (_a little while_), 2031, 2098; lif-wraðe lȳtle (_little
+protection for his life_), 2878.--Comp. un-lȳtel.
+
+lȳt-hwōn, adv., _little = not at all_: lȳt-hwōn lōgon, 204.
+
+lȳfe, st. n., _leave, permission, (life?)_: instr. sg. þīne lȳfe (life,
+MS.), 2132.--Leo. Cf. O.N. leyfi, n., _leave, permission_, in Möbius'
+Glossary, p. 266.
+
+lȳfan, w. v., (fundamental meaning _to believe, trust_) in
+
+ā-lȳfan, _to allow, grant, entrust_: pret. sg. nǣfre ic ǣnegum men ǣr
+ālȳfde ... þrȳð-ærn Dena (_never before to any man have I entrusted the
+palace of the Danes_), 656; pret. part. (þā mē wæs) sīð ... ālȳfed inn
+under eorð-weall (_the way in under the wall of earth was allowed me_),
+3090.
+
+ge-lȳfan, w. v., _to believe, trust_: 1) w. dat.: inf. þǣr gelȳfan sceal
+dryhtnes dōme sē þe hine dēað nimeð (_whomever death carrieth away, shall
+believe it to be the judgment of God_, i.e. in the contest between Bēowulf
+and Grendel), 440.--2) w. acc.: pret. sg. gēoce gelȳfde brego Beorht-Dena
+(_believed in, expected, help_, etc.), 609; þæt hēo on ǣnigne eorl gelȳfde
+fyrena frōfre (_that she at last should expect from any earl comfort, help,
+out of these troubles_), 628; sē þe him bealwa tō bōte gelȳfde (_who
+trusted in him as a help out of evils_), 910; him tō anwaldan āre gelȳfde
+(_relied for himself on the help of God_), 1273.
+
+ā-lȳsan, w. v., _to loose, liberate_: pret. part. þā wæs of þǣm hrōran
+helm and byrne lungre ā-lȳsed (_helm and corselet were straightway loosed
+from him_), 1631.
+
+M
+
+maðelian, w. v. (sermocinari), _to speak, talk_: pret. sg. maðelode, 286,
+348, 360, 371, 405, 456, 499, etc.; maðelade, 2426.
+
+maga, w. m., _son, male descendant, young man_: nom. sg. maga Healfdenes
+(Hrōðgār), 189, 1475, 2144; maga Ecgþēowes (Bēowulf), 2588: maga (Grendel),
+979; se maga geonga (Wīglāf), 2676; Grendeles maga (_a relative of
+Grendel_), 2007; acc. sg. þone magan, 944.
+
+magan, v. with pret.-pres. form, _to be able_: pres. sg. I. III. mæg, 277,
+478, 931, 943, 1485, 1734, etc.; II. meaht þū, 2048; subj. pres. mǣge,
+2531, 2750; þēah ic eal mǣge (_even though I could_), 681; subj. pl. wē
+mǣgen, 2655; pret. sg. meahte, 542, 755, 1131, 1660, 2465, etc.; mihte,
+190, 207, 462, 511, 571, 657, 1509, 2092, 2610; mehte, 1083, 1497, 1516,
+1878; pl. meahton, 649, 942, 1455, 1912, 2374, 3080; mihton, 308, 313,
+2684, 3164; subj. pret. sg. meahte, 243, 763, 2521; pres. sg. mæg,
+sometimes = licet, _may, can, will_ (fut.), 1366, 1701, 1838, 2865.
+
+mago (Goth. magu-s), st. m., _male, son_: nom. sg. mago Ecglāfes (Hunferð),
+1466; mago Healfdenes (Hrōðgār), 1868, 2012.
+
+mago-dryht, st. f., _troop of young men, band of men_: nom. sg. mago-driht,
+67.
+
+mago-rinc, st. m., _hero, man_ (preeminently): gen. pl. mago-rinca, hēap,
+731.
+
+magu-þegn, mago-þegn, st. m., _vassal, war-thane_: nom. sg. 408, 2758; dat.
+sg. magu-þegne, 2080; acc. pl. magu-þegnas, 293; dat. pl. mago-þegnum,
+1481; gen. pl. mago-þegna ... þone sēlestan (_the best of vassals_), 1406.
+
+man, mon, st. m.: 1) _man, human being_: nom. sg. man, 25, 503, 534, 1049,
+1354, 1399, 1535, 1877, etc.; mon, 209, 510, 1561, 1646, 2282, etc.; acc.
+sg. w. mannan, 297, 577, 1944, 2128, 2775; wīd-cūðne man, 1490; dat. sg.
+men, 656, 753, 1880; menn, 2190; gen. sg. mannes, 1195 (?), 2081, 2534,
+2542; monnes, 1730; nom. pl. men, 50, 162, 233, 1635, 3167; acc. pl. men,
+69, 337, 1583, 1718; dat. pl. mannum, 3183; gen. pl. manna, 155, 201, 380,
+702, 713, 736, etc.; monna, 1414, 2888.--2) indef. pron. = _one, they,
+people_ (Germ. _man_): man, 1173, 1176; mon, 2356, 3177.--Comp.: fyrn-,
+glēo-, gum-, iū-, lid-, sǣ-, wǣpned-man.
+
+man. See munan.
+
+man-cyn, st. n., _mankind_: dat. sg. man-cynne, 110; gen. sg. man-cynnes,
+164, 2182; mon-cynnes, 196, 1956.
+
+man-drēam, st. m., _human joy, mundi voluptas_: acc. sg. man-drēam, 1265;
+dat. pl. mon-drēamum, 1716.
+
+man-dryhten, st. m. (_lord of men_), _ruler of the people, prince, king_:
+nom. sg. man-dryhten, 1979, 2648; mon-drihten, 436; mon-dryhten, 2866; acc.
+sg. mon-dryhten, 2605; dat. sg. man-drihtne, 1230; man-dryhtne, 1250, 2282;
+gen. sg. man-dryhtnes, 2850; mon-dryhtnes, 3150.
+
+ge-mang, st. m., _troop, company_: dat. sg. on gemonge (_in the troop_ [of
+the fourteen Gēatas that returned from the sea]), 1644.
+
+manian, w. v., _to warn, admonish_: pres. sg. III. manað swā and myndgað
+... sārum wordum (_so warneth and remindeth he with bitter words_), 2058.
+
+manig, monig, adj., _many, many a, much_: 1) adjectively: nom. sg. rinc
+manig, 399; geong manig (_many a young man_), 855; monig snellīc sǣ-rinc,
+690; medu-benc monig, 777; so 839, 909, 919, 1511, 2763, 3023, etc.; acc.
+sg. medo-ful manig, 1016; dat. sg. m. þegne monegum, 1342, 1420; dat. sg.
+f. manigre mǣgðe, 75; acc. pl. manige men, 337; dat. pl. manegum māðmum,
+2104; monegum mǣgðum, 5; gen. pl. manigra mēda, 1179.--2) substantively:
+nom. sg. manig, 1861; monig, 858; dat. sg. manegum, 349, 1888; nom. pl.
+manige, 1024; monige, 2983; acc. pl. monige, 1599; gen. pl. manigra,
+2092.--3) with depend. gen. pl.: dat. manegum mǣgða, 1772; monegum fīra,
+2002; hæleða monegum bold-āgendra, 3112; acc. pl. rinca manige, 729;
+(māðm)-ǣhta monige, 1614.
+
+manig-oft, adv., _very often, frequently_, 171 [if manig and oft are to be
+connected].
+
+man-līce, adv., _man-like, manly_, 1047.
+
+man-þwǣre, adj., _kind, gentle toward men, philanthropic_: nom. sg. superl.
+mon-þwǣrust, 3183.
+
+mā, contracted compar., _more_: with partitive gen., 504, 736, 1056.
+
+māðum, māððum, st. m., _gift, jewel, object of value_: acc. sg. māððum,
+169, 1053, 2056, 3017; dat. instr. sg. māðme, 1529, 1903; nom. pl. māðmas,
+1861; acc. pl. mādmas, 385, 472, 1028, 1483, 1757, 1868, etc.; dat. instr.
+pl. māðmum, mādmum, 1049, 1899, 2104, 2789; gen. pl. māðma, 1785, 2144,
+2167, etc.; mādma, 36, 41.--Comp.: dryht-, gold-, hord-, ofer-, sinc-,
+wundor-māðum.
+
+māðm-ǣht, st. f., _treasure in jewels, costly objects_: gen. pl. māðm-ǣhta,
+1614, 2834.
+
+māððum-fæt, st. n., _treasure-casket_ or _cup, costly vessel_: nom. sg.,
+2406.
+
+māðm-gestrēon, st. n., _precious jewel_: gen. pl. māðm-gestrēona, 1932.
+
+māðum-gifu, st. f., _gift of valuable objects, largess of treasure_: dat.
+sg. æfter māððum-gife, 1302.
+
+māðum-sigl, st. n., _costly, sun-shaped ornament, valuable decoration_:
+gen. pl. māððum-sigla, 2758.
+
+māðum-sweord, st. n., _costly sword_ (inlaid with gold and jewels): acc.
+sg., 1024.
+
+māðum-wela, w. m., _wealth of jewels, valuables_:: dat. sg.
+æfter-māððum-welan (_after the sight of the wealth of jewels_), 2751.
+
+māgas. See mǣg.
+
+māge, w. f., _female relative_: gen. sg. Grendles māgan (_mother_), 1392.
+
+mān, st. n., _crime, misdeed_: instr. sg. māne, 110, 979; adv.,
+_criminally_, 1056.
+
+mān-for-dǣdla, w. m., _evil-doer, criminal_: nom. pl. mān-for-dǣdlan, 563.
+
+mān-scaða, w. m., _mischievous, hurtful foe, hostis nefastus_: nom. sg.
+713, 738, 1340; mān-sceaða, 2515.
+
+māra (comp. of micel), adj., _greater, stronger, mightier_: nom. sg. m.
+māra, 1354, 2556; neut. māre, 1561; acc. sg. m. māran, 2017; mund-gripe
+māran (_a mightier hand-grip_), 754; with following gen. pl. māran ...
+eorla (_a more powerful earl_), 247; fem. māran, 533, 1012; neut. māre,
+518; with gen. pl. morð-beala māre _(more, greater, deeds of murder_), 136;
+gen. sg. f. māran, 1824.
+
+mǣst (superl. of micel, māra), _greatest, strongest_: nom. sg. neut. (with
+partitive gen.), mǣst, 78, 193; fem. mǣst, 2329; acc. sg. fem. fǣhðe mǣste,
+459; mǣste ... worolde wynne (_the highest earthly pleasure_), 1080; neut.
+n. (with partitive gen.) mǣst mǣrða, 2646; hond-wundra mǣst, 2769;
+bǣl-fȳra mǣst, 3144; instr. sg. m. mǣste cræfte, 2182.
+
+mæcg. See mecg.
+
+mægð, st. f., _wife, maid, woman_: nom. sg., 3017; gen. pl. mægða hōse
+(_accompanied by her maids of honor_), 925; mægða, 944, 1284.
+
+mægen, st. n.: 1) _might, bodily strength, heroic power_: acc. sg. mægen,
+518, 1707; instr. sg. mægene, 780(?), 2668; gen. sg. mægenes, 418, 1271,
+1535, 1717, etc.; mægnes, 671, 1762; mægenes strang, strengest (_great in
+strength_), 1845, 196; mægenes rōf (id.), 2085.--2) _prime, flower_ (of a
+nation), _forces available in war_: acc. sg. swā hē oft (i.e. etan) dyde
+mægen Hrēðmanna (_the best of the Hreðmen_), 445; gen. sg. wið manna hwone
+mægenes Deniga (_from(?) any of the men of the Danes_), 155.--Comp.
+ofer-mægen.
+
+mægen-āgend, pres. part., _having great strength, valiant_: gen. pl.
+-āgendra, 2838.
+
+mægen-byrðen, st. f., _huge burthen_: acc. sg. mægen-byrðenne, 3092; dat.
+(instr.) sg., 1626.
+
+mægen-cræft, st. m., _great, hero-like, strength_: acc. sg., 380.
+
+mægen-ellen, st. n. (the same), acc. sg., 660.
+
+mægen-fultum, st. m., _material aid_: gen. pl. næs þæt þonne mǣtost
+mægen-fultuma (_that was not the least of strong helps_, i.e. the sword
+Hrunting), 1456.
+
+mægen-rǣs, st. m., _mighty attack, onslaught_: acc. sg., 1520.
+
+mægen-strengo, st. f., _main strength, heroic power_: acc. sg., 2679.
+
+mægen-wudu, st. m., _might-wood_, i.e. the spear, lance: acc. sg., 236.
+
+mæst, st. m., _mast_: nom. sg., 1899; dat. sg. be mæste (_beside the
+mast_), 36; _to the mast_, 1906.
+
+mǣðum. See māðum, hyge-mǣðum.
+
+mǣg, st. m., _kinsman by blood_: nom. sg. mǣg, 408, 738, 759, 814, 915,
+1531, 1945, etc; (_brother_), 468, 2605? acc. sg. mǣg (_son_), 1340;
+(_brother_), 2440, 2485, 2983; dat. sg. mǣge, 1979; gen. sg. mǣges, 2629,
+2676, 2699, 2880; nom. pl. māgas, 1016; acc. pl. māgas, 2816; dat. pl.
+māgum, 1179, 2615, 3066; (_to brothers_), 1168; mǣgum, 2354; gen. pl. māga,
+247, 1080, 1854, 2007, 2743.--Comp.: fæderen-, hēafod-, wine-mǣg.
+
+mǣg-burh, st. f., _borough of blood-kinsmen, entire population united by
+ties of blood_; (in wider sense) _race, people, nation_: gen. sg.
+lond-rihtes ... þǣre mǣg-burge (_of land possessions among the people_,
+i.e. of the Gēatas), 2888.
+
+mǣgð, st. f., _race, people_: acc. sg. mǣgðe, 1012; dat. sg. mǣgðe, 75;
+dat. pl. mǣgðum, 5; gen. pl. mǣgða, 25, 1772.
+
+mǣg-wine, st. m., _blood kinsman, friend_, 2480 (nom. pl.).
+
+mǣl, st. n.: l) _time, point of time_: nom. sg. 316; þā wæs sǣl and mǣl
+(_there was_ [appropriate] _chance and time_), 1009; acc. sg. mǣl, 2634;
+instr. pl. ǣrran mǣlum, 908, 2238, 3036; gen. pl. mǣla, 1250; sǣla and
+mǣla, 1612; mǣla gehwylce (_each time, without intermission_), 2058.--2)
+_sword, weapon_: nom. sg. brōden (brogden) mǣl (_the drawn sword_), 1617,
+1668 (cf. Grimm, Andreas and Elene, p. 156).--3) _mole, spot,
+mark_.--Comp.: grǣg-, hring-, sceaðen-, wunden-mǣl.
+
+mǣl-cearu, st. f., _long-continued sorrow, grief_: acc. sg. mǣl-ceare, 189.
+
+mǣl-gesceaft, st. f., _fate, appointed time_: acc. pl. ie on earde bād
+mǣl-gesceafta (_awaited the time allotted for me by fate_), 2738.
+
+mǣnan, w. v., with acc. in the sense of (1) _to remember, mention,
+proclaim_: inf. mǣnan, 1068; pret. part. þǣr wæs Bēowulfes mǣrðo mǣned,
+858.--2) _to mention sorrowfully, mourn_: inf. 3173; pret. sg. giohðo mǣnde
+(_mourned sorrowfully_), 2268; pret. pl. mǣndon, 1150, 3150.
+
+ge-mǣnan (see mān), w. v. with acc., _to injure maliciously, break_: subj.
+pret. pl. ge-mǣnden, 1102.
+
+ge-mǣne, adj., _common, in common_: nom. sg. gemǣne, 2474; þǣr unc hwīle
+wæs hand gemǣne (i.e. in battle), 2138; sceal ūrum þæt sweord and helm bām
+gemǣne (i.e. wesan), 2661; nom. pl. gemǣne, 1861; dat. pl. þæt þām folcum
+sceal ... sib gemǣnum (attraction for gemǣne, i.e. wesan), 1858; gen. pl.
+unc sceal (i.e. wesan) fela māðma gemǣnra (_we two shall share many
+treasures together_), 1785.
+
+mǣrðu, st. f.: 1) _glory, a heroes fame_: nom. sg. 858; acc. sg. mǣrðo,
+660, 688; acc. pl. mǣrða, 2997; instr. pl. mǣrðum (_gloriously_), 2515:
+gen. pl. mǣrða, 504, 1531.--2) _deed of glory, heroism_: acc. sg. mǣrðo,
+2135; gen. pl. mǣrða, 408, 2646.--Comp. ellen-mǣrðu.
+
+mǣre, adj., _memorable; celebrated, noble; well known, notorious_: nom. sg.
+m. mǣre, 103, 129, 1716, 1762; se mǣra, 763, 2012, 2588; also as vocative
+m. se mǣra, 1475; nom. fem. mǣru, 2017; mǣre, 1953; neut. mǣre, 2406; acc.
+sg. m. mǣrne, 36, 201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2789, 3099; neut. mǣre, 1024;
+dat. sg. mǣrum, 345, 1302, 1993, 2080, 2573; tō þǣm mǣran, 270; gen. sg.
+mǣres, 798; mǣran, 1730; nom. pl. mǣre, 3071; superl. mǣrost, 899,--Comp.:
+fore-, heaðo-mǣre.
+
+mǣst. See māra.
+
+mǣte, adj., _moderate, small_: superl. nom. sg. mǣtost, 1456.
+
+mecg, mæcg, st. m., _son, youth, man_. in comp. hilde-, ōret-mecg,
+wræc-mæcg.
+
+medla. See on-medla.
+
+medu, st. m., _mead_: acc. sg. medu, 2634; dat. sg. tō medo, 605.
+
+medo-ærn, st. n., _mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-ærn (Heorot), 69.
+
+medu-benc, st. f., _mead-bench, bench in the mead-hall_: nom. sg.
+medu-benc, 777; dat. sg. medu-bence, 1053; medo-bence, 1068, 2186;
+meodu-bence, 1903.
+
+medu-drēam, st. m., _mead-joy, joyous carousing during mead-drinking_: acc.
+sg. 2017.
+
+medo-ful, st. n., _mead-cup_: acc. sg. 625, 1016.
+
+medo-heal, st. f., _mead-hall_: nom. sg., 484; dat. sg. meodu-healle, 639.
+
+medu-scenc, st. m., _mead-can, vessel_: instr. pl. meodu-scencum, 1981.
+
+medu-seld, st. n., _mead-seat, mead-house_: acc. sg., 3066.
+
+medo-setl, st. n., _mead-seat upon which one sits mead-drinking_: gen. pl.
+meodo-setla, 5.
+
+medo-stīg, st. f., _mead-road, road to the mead-hall_: acc. sg. medo-stīg,
+925.
+
+medo-wang, st. m., _mead-field_ (where the mead-hall stood): acc. pl.
+medo-wongas, 1644.
+
+meðel, st. n., _assembly, council_: dat. sg. on meðle, 1877.
+
+meðel-stede, st. m., (properly _place of speech, judgment-seat_), here
+_meeting-place, battle-field_ (so, also 425, the battle is conceived under
+the figure of a parliament or convention): dat. sg. on þǣm meðel-stede,
+1083.
+
+meðel-word, st. n., _words called forth at a discussion; address_: instr.
+pl. meðel-wordum, 236.
+
+melda, w. m., _finder, informer, betrayer_: gen. sg. þæs meldan, 2406.
+
+meltan, st. v. intrans., _to consume by fire, melt or waste away_: inf.,
+3012; pret. sg. mealt, 2327; pl. multon, 1121.
+
+ge-meltan, the same: pret. sg. gemealt, 898, 1609, 1616; ne gemealt him se
+mōd-sefa (_his courage did not desert him_), 2629.
+
+men. See man.
+
+mene, st. m., _neck ornament, necklace, collar_: acc. sg., 1200.
+
+mengan, w. v., _to mingle, unite, with_, w. acc. of thing: inf. sē þe
+mere-grundas mengan scolde, 1450.
+
+ge-mengan, _to mix with, commingle_: pret. part. 849, 1594.
+
+menigu, st. f., _multitude, many_: nom. and acc. sg. māðma menigeo
+(_multitude of treasures, presents_), 2144; so, mænigo, 41.
+
+mercels, st. m., _mark, aim_: gen. sg. mercelses, 2440.
+
+mere, st. m., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg. se mere, 1363; acc. sg. on mere, 1131,
+1604; on nicera mere, 846; dat. sg. fram mere, 856.
+
+mere-dēor, st. n., _sea-beast_: acc. sg., 558.
+
+mere-fara, w. m., _seafarer_: gen. sg. mere-faran, 502.
+
+mere-fix, st. m., _sea-fish_: gen. pl. mere-fixa (_the whale_, cf. 540,
+549.
+
+mere-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom_: acc. sg., 2101; acc. pl. mere-grundas,
+1450.
+
+mere-hrægl, st. n., _-sea-garment_, i.e., sail: gen. pl. mere-hrægla sum,
+1906.
+
+mere-līðend, pres. part., _moving on the sea, sailor_: nom. pl.
+mere-līðende, 255.
+
+mere-strǣt, st. f., _sea-street, way over the sea_: acc. pl. mere-strǣta
+514.
+
+mere-strengo, st. f., _sea-power, strength in the sea_: acc. sg., 533.
+
+mere-wīf, st. n., _sea-woman, mer-woman_: acc. sg. (of Grendel's mother),
+1520.
+
+mergen. See morgen.
+
+met, st. n., _thought, intention_ (cf. metian = meditari): acc. pl. onsǣl
+meoto, 489 (meaning doubtful; see Bugge, Journal 8, 292; Dietrich, Haupt's
+Zeits. 11, 411; Körner, Eng. Stud. 2, 251).
+
+ge-met, st. n., _an apportioned share; might, power, ability _: nom. sg.
+nis þæt ... gemet mannes nefne mīn ānes (_nobody, myself excepted, can do
+that_), 2534; acc. sg. ofer mīn gemet (_beyond my power_), 2880; dat. sg.
+mid gemete, 780.
+
+ge-met, adj., _well-measured, meet, good_: nom. sg. swā him gemet þince
+(þūhte), (_as seemed meet to him_), 688, 3058. See un-gemete, adv.
+
+metan, st. v., _to measure, pass over_ or _along_: pret. pl. fealwe strǣte
+mēarum mǣton (_measured the yellow road with their horses_), 918; so, 514,
+1634.
+
+ge-metan, the same: pret. sg. medu-stīg gemæt.(_measured, walked over, the
+road to the mead-hall_), 925.
+
+metod, st. m. (the measuring, arranging) _Creator, God_: nom. sg., 110,
+707, 968, 1058, 2528; scīr metod, 980; sōð metod, 1612; acc. sg. metod,
+180; dat. sg. metode, 169, 1779; gen. sg. metodes, 671.--Comp. eald-metod.
+
+metod-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _the Creator's determination, divine purpose,
+fate_: acc. sg. -sceaft, 1078.--2) _the Creators glory_: acc. sg.
+metod-sceaft sēon (i.e. die), 1181; dat. sg. tō metod-sceafte, 2816.
+
+mēce, st. m., _sword_: nom. sg., 1939; acc. sg. mēce, 2048; brādne mēce,
+2979; gen. sg. mēces, 1766, 1813, 2615, 2940; dat. pl. instr. mēcum, 565;
+gen. pl. mēca, 2686.--Comp.: beado-, hæft-, hilde-mēce.
+
+mēd, st. f., _meed, reward_: acc. sg. mēde, 2135; dat. sg. mēde, 2147; gen.
+pl. mēda, 1179.
+
+ge-mēde, st. n., _approval, permission_ (Grein): acc. pl. ge-mēdu, 247.
+
+mēðe, adj., _tired, exhausted, dejected_: in comp. hyge-, sǣ-mēðe.
+
+mētan, w. v., _to meet, find, fall in with_: with acc., pret. pl. syððan
+Æscheres ... hafelan mētton, 1422; subj. pret. sg. þæt hē ne mētte ... on
+elran man mundgripe māran (_that he never met, in any other man, with a
+mightier hand-grip_), 752.
+
+ge-mētan, with acc., the same: pret. sg. gemētte, 758, 2786; pl. næs þā
+long tō þon, þæt þā āglǣcean hȳ eft gemētton (_it was not long after that
+the warriors again met each other_), 2593.
+
+ge-mēting, st. f., _meeting, hostile coming together_: nom. sg., 2002.
+
+mēagol, adj., _mighty, immense; formal, solemn_: instr. pl. mēaglum wordum,
+1981.
+
+mearc, st. f., _frontier, limit, end_: dat. sg. tō mearce (_the end of
+life_), 2385.--Comp. Weder-mearc, 298.
+
+ge-mearc, st. n., _measure, distance_: comp. fōt-, mīl-ge-mearc.
+
+mearcian, w. v., _to mark, stain_: pres. ind. sg. mearcað mōrhopu (_will
+stain, mark, the moor with the blood of the corpse_), 450.
+
+ge-mearcian, the same: pret. part. (Cain) morðre gemearcod (_murder-marked_
+[cf. 1 Book Mos. IV. 15]), 1265; swā wæs on þǣm scennum ... gemearcod ...
+hwām þæt sweord geworht wǣre (_engraved for whom the sword had been
+wrought_), 1696.
+
+mearc-stapa, w. m., _march-strider, frontier-haunter_ (applied to Grendel
+and his mother): nom. sg., 103; acc. pl. mearc-stapan, 1349.
+
+mearh, st. m., _horse, steed_: nom. pl. mēaras, 2164; acc. pl. mēaras, 866,
+1036; dat. pl. inst. mēarum, 856, 918; mēarum and māðmum, 1049, 1899; gen.
+pl. mēara and māðma, 2167.
+
+mearn. See murnan.
+
+meodu. See medu.
+
+meoto. See met.
+
+meotud. See metod.
+
+meowle, w. f., _maiden_: comp. geō-meowle.
+
+micel, adj., _great, huge, long_ (of time): nom. sg. m., 129, 502; fem.,
+67, 146, 170; neut., 772; acc. sg. m. micelne, 3099; fem, micle, 1779,
+3092; neut. micel, 270, 1168. The comp. māre must be supplied before þone
+in: medo-ærn micel ... (māre) þone yldo beam ǣfre ge-frūnon, 69; instr. sg.
+ge-trume micle, 923; micle (_by much, much_); micle lēofre (_far dearer_),
+2652; efne swā micle (lǣssa), (_[less] even by so much_), 1284; oftor micle
+(_much oftener_), 1580; dat. sg, weak form miclan, 2850; gen. sg. miclan,
+979. The gen. sg. micles is an adv. = _much, very_: micles wyrðne gedōn
+(_deem worthy of much_, i.e. honor very highly), 2186; tō fela micles (_far
+too much, many_), 695; acc. pl. micle, 1349. Compar., see māra.
+
+mid, I. prep. w. dat., instr., and acc., signifying preëminently _union,
+community, with_, hence: 1) w. dat.: a) _with, in company, community,
+with_; mid Finne, 1129; mid Hrōðgāre, 1593; mid scip-herge, 243; mid
+gesīðum (_with his comrades_), 1314; so, 1318, 1964, 2950, etc.; mid his
+frēo-drihtne, 2628; mid þǣm lācum (_with the gifts_), 1869; so, 2789, 125;
+mid hǣle (_with good luck!_), 1218; mid bǣle fōr (_sped off amid fire_),
+2309. The prep. postponed: him mid (_with him, in his company_), 41; _with
+him_, 1626; ne wæs him Fitela mid (_was not with him_), 890. b) _with,
+among_: mid Gēatum (_among the Gēatas_), 195, 2193, 2624; mid Scyldingum,
+274; mid Eotenum, 903; mid yldum (eldum), 77, 2612; mid him (_with, among,
+one another_), 2949. In temporal sense: mid ǣr-dæge (_at dawn_), 126.--2)
+_with, with the help of, through_, w. dat.: mid ār-stafum (_through his
+grace_), 317; so, 2379; mid grāpe (_with the fist_), 438; so, 1462, 2721;
+mid his hete-þoncum (_through his hatred_), 475; mid sweorde, 574; so,
+1660, 2877; mid gemete (_through, by, his power_), 780; so, 1220, 2536,
+2918; mid gōde (_with benefits_), 1185; mid hearme (_with harm, insult_),
+1893; mid þǣre sorge (_with [through?] this sorrow_), 2469; mid rihte (_by
+rights_), 2057. With instr.: mid þȳ wīfe (_through [marriage with] the
+woman_), 2029.--3) w. acc., _with, in community, company, with_: mid his
+eorla gedriht, 357; so, 634, 663, 1673; mid hine, 880; mid mīnne
+gold-gyfan, 2653.
+
+II. adv., mid, _thereamong, in the company_, 1643; _at the same time,
+likewise_, 1650.
+
+middan-geard, st. m., _globe, earth_: acc. sg., 75, 1772; dat. sg. on
+middan-gearde, 2997; gen. sg. middan-geardes, 504, 752.
+
+midde, w. f., _middle = medius_: dat. sg. on middan (_through the middle,
+in two_), 2706; gen. sg. (adv.) tō-middes (_in the midst_), 3142.
+
+middel-niht, st. f., _midnight_: dat. pl. middel-nihtum, 2783, 2834.
+
+miht, st. f., _might, power, authority_: acc. sg. þurh drihtnes miht
+(_through the Lord's help, power_), 941; instr. pl. selfes mihtum, 701.
+
+mihtig, adj.: 1) _physically strong, powerful_: acc. sg. mihtig mere-dēor,
+558; mere-wīf mihtig, 1520.--2) _possessing authority, mighty_: nom. sg.
+mihtig god, 702, 1717, 1726; dat. sg. mihtigan drihtne, 1399.--Comp.: æl-,
+fore-mihtig.
+
+milde, adj., _kind, gracious, generous_: nom. sg. mōdes milde
+(_kind-hearted_), 1230; instr. pl. mildum wordum (_graciously_), 1173.
+Superl. nom. sg. worold-cyning mannum mildust (_a king most liberal to
+men_), 3183.
+
+milts, st. f., _kindness, benevolence_: nom. sg., 2922.
+
+missan, w. v. with gen., _to miss, err in_: pret. sg. miste mercelses
+(_missed the mark_), 2440.
+
+missēre, st. n., _space of a semester, half a year_: gen. pl. hund missēra
+(_fifty winters_), 2734, 2210; generally, _a long period of time, season_,
+1499, 1770; fela missēra, 153, 2621.
+
+mist-hlið, st. n., _misty cliff, cloud-capped slope_: dat. pl. under
+mist-hleoðum, 711.
+
+mistig, adj., _misty_: acc. pl. mistige mōras, 162.
+
+mīl-gemearc, st. n., _measure by miles_: gen. sg. mīl-gemearces, 1363.
+
+mīn: 1) poss. pron., _my, mine_, 255, 345, etc.; Hygelāc mīn (_my lord_, or
+_king, H._), 2435.--2) gen. sg. of pers. pron. ic, _of me_, 2085, 2534,
+etc.
+
+molde, w. f., _dust; earth, field_: in comp. græs-molde.
+
+mon. See man.
+
+ge-mong. See ge-mang.
+
+morð-bealu, st. n., _murder, deadly hale_ or _deed of murder_: gen. pl.
+morð-beala, 136.
+
+morðor, st. n., _deed of violence, murder_: dat. instr. sg. morðre, 893,
+1265, 2783; gen. sg. morðres, 2056; morðres scyldig (_guilty of murder_),
+1684.
+
+morðor-bed, st. n., _bed of death, murder-bed_: acc. sg. wæs þām yldestan
+... morðor-bed strēd (_a bed of death was spread for the eldest_, i.e.
+through murder his death-bed was prepared), 2437.
+
+morðor-bealu, st. n., _death-bale, destruction by murder_: acc. sg.
+morðor-bealo, 1080, 2743.
+
+morðor-hete, st. m., _murderous hate_: gen. sg. þæs morðor-hetes, 1106.
+
+morgen, morn, mergen, st. m., _morning, forenoon_; also _morrow_: nom. sg.
+morgen, 1785, 2125; (_morrow_), 2104; acc. sg. on morgen (_in the
+morning_), 838; dat. sg. on morgne, 2485; on mergenne, 565, 2940; gen. pl.
+morna gehwylce (_every morning_), 2451.
+
+morgen-ceald, adj., _morning-cold, dawn-cold_: nom. sg. gār morgen-ceald
+(_spear chilled by the early air of morn_), 3023.
+
+morgen-lang, adj., _lasting through the morning_: acc. sg. morgen-longne
+dæg (_the whole forenoon_), 2895.
+
+morgen-lēoht, st. n., _morning-light_: nom. sg., 605, 918.
+
+morgen-swēg, st. m., _morning-cry, cry at morn_: nom. sg., 129.
+
+morgen-tīd, st. f., _morning-tide_: acc. sg. on morgen-tīde, 484, 818(?)
+
+morn. See morgen.
+
+mōd, st. n.: 1) _heart, soul, spirit, mood, mind, manner of thinking_: nom.
+sg., 50, 731; wǣfre mōd (_the flicker ing spirit, the fading breath_),
+1151; acc. sg. on mōd (_into his mind_), 67; dat. instr. sg. mōde geþungen
+(_of mature, lofty spirit_), 625; on mōde (_in heart, mind_), 754, 1845,
+2282? 2528; on hrēoum mōde (_fierce of spirit_), 2582; gen. sg. modes, 171,
+811, 1707; modes blīðe (_gracious-minded, kindly disposed_), 436; so, mōdes
+milde, 1230; mōdes sēoce (_depressed in mind_), 1604.--2) _boldness,
+courage_: nom. and acc. sg., 1058, 1168. 3) _passion, fierceness_: nom.
+sg., 549.--Comp. form adj.: galg-, geōmor-, glæd-, gūð-, hrēoh-, sārig-,
+stīð-, swīð-, wērig-, yrre-mōd.
+
+mōd-cearu, st. f., _grief of heart_: acc. sg. mōd-ceare, 1993, 3150.
+
+mōd-gehygd, st. f ., _thought of the heart; mind_: instr. pl. mōd-gehygdum,
+233
+
+mōd-ge-þanc, st. n., _mood-thought, meditation_: acc. sg. mōd-ge-þonc,
+1730.
+
+mōd-giōmor, adj., _grieved at heart, dejected_: nom. sg., 2895.
+
+mōdig, adj., _courageous_: nom. sg., 605, 1644, 1813, 2758; hē þæs (þǣm,
+MS.) mōdig wæs (_had the courage for it_), 1509; se mōdega, 814; dat. sg.
+mid þām mōdigan, 3012; gen. sg. mōdges, 502; mōdiges, 2699; Gēata lēod
+georne truwode mōdgan mægnes (_trusted firmly in his bold strength_), 671;
+nom. pl. mōdge, 856; mōdige, 1877; gen. pl. mōdigra, 312, 1889.--Comp,
+fela-mōdig.
+
+mōdig-līc, adj., _of bold appearance_: compar. acc. pl. mōdiglīcran, 337.
+
+mōd-lufe, w. f., _hearts affection, love_: gen. sg. þīnre mōd-lufan, 1824.
+
+mōd-sefa, w. m., _thought of the heart; brave, bold temper; courage_: nom.
+sg., 349, 1854, 2629; acc. sg. mōd-sefan, 2013; dat. sg. mōd-sefan, 180.
+
+mōd-þracu, st. f., _boldness, courage, strength of mind_: dat. sg. for his
+mōd-þræce, 385.
+
+mōdor, f., _mother_: nom. sg., 1259, 1277, 1283, 1684, 2119; acc. sg.
+mōdor, 1539, 2140, 2933.
+
+mōna, w. m., _moon_: gen. sg. mōnan, 94.
+
+mōr, st. m., _moor, morass, swamp_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan mōr, 1406; dat.
+sg. of mōre, 711; acc. pl. mōras, 103, 162, 1349.
+
+mōr-hop, st. n., _place of refuge in the moor, hiding-place in the swamp_:
+acc. pl. mōr-hopu, 450.
+
+ge-mōt, st. n., _meeting_: in comp. hand-, torn-ge-mōt.
+
+mōtan, pret.-pres. v.: 1) _power_ or _permission to have something, to be
+permitted; may, can_: pres. sg. I., III. mōt, 186, 442, 604; II. mōst,
+1672; pl. mōton, 347, 365, 395; pres. subj. ic mōte, 431; III. sē þe mōte,
+1388; pret sg. mōste, 168, 707, 736, 895, 1488, 1999, 2242, 2505, etc.; pl.
+mōston, 1629, 1876, 2039, 2125, 2248; pres. subj. sg. II. þæt þū hine
+selfne gesēon mōste (_mightest see_), 962.--2) _shall, must, be obliged_:
+pres. sg. mōt, 2887; pret. sg. mōste, 1940; þǣr hē þȳ fyrste forman dōgore
+wealdan mōste, swā him Wyrd ne gescrāf, hrēð æt hilde (_if he must for the
+first time that day be victorious, as Fate had denied him victory_, cf.
+2681, 2683 seqq.), 2575.
+
+ge-munan, pret.-pres. v., _to have in mind, be mindful; remember, think
+of_, w. acc.: pres. sg. hine gearwe geman witena wēl-hwylc (_each of the
+knowing ones still remembers him well_), 265; ic þē þæs lēan geman (_I
+shall not forget thy reward for this_), 1221; ic þæt eall gemon (_I
+remember all that_), 2428; so, 1702, 2043; gif hē þæt eall gemon hwæt ...
+(_if he is mindful of all that which_ ...), 1186; ic þæt mǣl gemon hwǣr...
+(_I remember the time when_...), 2634; pret. sg. w. gemunde... ǣfen-sprǣce
+(_recalled his evening speech_), 759; so, 871, 1130, 1260, 1271, 1291,
+2115, 2432, 2607, 2679; sē þæs lēod-hryres lēan ge-munde (_was mindful of
+reward for the fall of the ruler_), 2392; þæt hē Eotena bearn inne gemunde
+(_that he in this should remember, take vengeance on, the children of the
+Eotens_), 1142; so, hond gemunde fǣhðo genōge (_his hand remembered strife
+enough_), 2490; ne ge-munde mago Ecglāfes þæt ... (_remembered not that
+which_ ...), 1466; pret. pl. helle gemundon in mōd-sefan (_their thoughts_
+[as heathens] _fixed themselves on, remembered, hell_), 179.
+
+on-munan, w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to admonish, exhort_: pret. sg.
+onmunde ūsic mǣrða (_exhorted us to deeds of glory_), 2641.
+
+mund, st. f., _hand_: instr. pl. mundum, mid mundum, 236, 514, 1462, 3023,
+3092.
+
+mund-bora, w. m., _protector, guardian, preserver_: nom. sg., 1481, 2780.
+
+mund-gripe, st. m., _hand-grip, seizure_: acc. sg. mund-gripe, 754; dat.
+sg. mund-gripe, 380, 1535; æfter mund-gripe (_after having seized the
+criminal_), 1939.
+
+murnan, st. v., _to shrink from, be afraid of, avoid_: pret. sg. nō mearn
+fore fǣhðe and fyrene, 136; so, 1538; nalles for ealdre mearn (_was not
+apprehensive for his life_), 1443.--2) _to mourn, grieve_: pres. part. him
+wæs ... murnende mōd, 50; pres. subj., þonne hē fela murne (_than that he
+should mourn much_), 1386.
+
+be-murnan, be-meornan, with acc., _to mourn over_: pret. be-mearn, 908,
+1078.
+
+murn-līce. See un-murn-līce.
+
+mūð-bana, w. m., _mouth-destroyer_: dat. sg. tō mūð-bonan (of Grendel
+because he bit his victim to death), 2080.
+
+mūða, w. m., _mouth, entrance_: acc. sg. recedes mūðan (_mouth of the
+house, door_), 725.
+
+ge-mynd, st. f., _memory, memorial, remembrance_: dat. pl. tō gemyndum,
+2805, 3017. See weorð-mynd.
+
+myhdgian, w. v., _to call to mind, remember_: pres. sg. myndgað, 2058;
+pres. part. w. gen. gif þonne Frēsna hwylc ... þæs morðor-hetes myndgiend
+wǣre (_were to call to mind the bloody feud_), 1106.
+
+ge-myndgian, w. v. w. acc., _to remember_: bið gemyndgad ... eaforan
+ellor-sīð (_is reminded of his son's decease_), 2451.
+
+ge-myndig, adj., _mindful_: nom. sg. w. gen., 614, 869, 1174, 1531, 2083,
+etc.
+
+myne, st. m.: 1) _mind, wish_: nom. sg., 2573.--2) _love_(?): nē his myne
+wisse (_whose_ [God's] _love he knew not_), 169.
+
+ge-mynian, w. v. w. acc., _to be mindful of_: imper. sg. gemyne mǣrðo! 660.
+
+myntan, w. v., _to intend, think of, resolve_: pret. sg. mynte ... manna
+cynnes sumne besyrwan (_meant to entrap all_(?) [see sum], _some one of
+(?), the men_), 713; mynte þæt hē gedǣlde ... (_thought to sever_), 732;
+mynte se mǣra, þǣr hē meahte swā, wīdre gewindan (_intended to flee_), 763.
+
+myrce, adj., _murky, dark_: acc. sg. ofer myrcan mōr, 1406.
+
+myrð, st. f., _joy, mirth_: dat. (instr.) sg. mōdes myrðe, 8n.
+
+N
+
+naca, w. m., _vessel, ship_: acc. sg. nacan, 295; gen. sg. nacan,
+214.--Comp.: hring-, ȳð-naca.
+
+nacod, adj., _naked_: nom. and acc. sg. swurd, gūð-bill nacod, 539, 2586;
+nacod nīð-draca, 2274.
+
+nalas, nales, nallas. See nealles.
+
+nama, w. m., _name_: nom. sg. Bēowulf is mīn nama, 343; wæs þǣm hæft-mēce
+Hrunting nama, 1458; acc. sg. scōp him Heort naman (_gave it the name
+Hart_), 78.
+
+nā (from ne-ā), strength, negative, _never, not all_, 445, 567, 1537.
+
+nāh, from ne-āh. See āgan.
+
+nān (from ne-ān), indef. pron., _none, no_: with gen. pl. gūð-billa nān,
+804; adjectively, nān ... īren ǣrgōd, 990.
+
+nāt, from ne-wāt: _I know not=nescio_. See witan.
+
+nāt-hwylc (nescio quis, ne-wāt-hwylc, _know not who, which_, etc.), indef.
+pron., _any, a certain one, some or other_: 1) w. partitive gen.: nom. sg.
+gumena nāt-hwylc, 2234;. gen. sg. nāt-hwylces (þāra banena), 2054; niða
+nāt-hwylces(?), 2216; nāt-hwylces hæleða bearna, 2225.--2) adjectively:
+dat. sg. in nið-sele nāt-hwylcum, 1514.
+
+næbben, from ne-hæbben (subj. pres.). See habban.
+
+næfne. See nefne.
+
+nægel, st. m., _nail_: gen. pl. nægla (of the finger-nails), 986.
+
+nægled, part., _nailed?, nail-like?, buckled?_: acc. sg. neut. nægled (MS.
+gled) sinc, 2024.
+
+næs, st. m., _naze, rock projecting into the sea, cliff, promontory_: acc.
+sg. næs, 1440, 1601, 2899; dat. sg. næsse, 2244, 2418; acc. pl. windige
+næssas, 1412; gen. pl. næssa, 1361.
+
+næs, from ne-wæs (_was not_). See wesan.
+
+næs, neg. adv., _not, not at all_, 562, 2263.
+
+næs-hlið, st. n., _declivity, slope of a promontory that sinks downward to
+the sea_: dat. pl. on næs-hleoðum, 1428.
+
+nǣfre, adv., _never_, 247, 583, 592, 656, 719, 1042, 1049, etc.; also
+strengthened by ne: nǣfre ne, 1461.
+
+ge-nǣgan, w. v. w. acc. pers. and gen. of thing, _to attack, press_; pret.
+pl. nīða genǣgdan nefan Hererīces (_in combats pressed hard upon H.'s
+nephew_), 2207; pret. part. wearð ... nīða genǣged, 1440.
+
+nǣnig (from ne-ǣnig), pron., _not any, none, no_: 1) substantively w. gen.
+pl.: nom. sg., 157, 242, 692; dat. sg. nǣnegum, 599; gen. pl. nǣnigra,
+950.--2) adjectively: nom. sg. ōðer nǣnig, 860; nǣnig wæter, 1515; nǣnig
+... dēor, 1934; acc. sg. nǣnigne ... hord-māððum, 1199.
+
+nǣre, from ne-wǣre (_were not, would not be_). See wesan.
+
+ne, simple neg., _not_, 38, 50, 80, 83, 109, etc.; before imper. ne sorga!
+1385; ne gȳm! 1761, etc. Doubled =_certainly not, not even that_: nē gē
+... gearwe ne wisson (_ye certainly have not known_, etc.), 245; so, 863;
+ne ic ... wihte ne wēne (_nor do I at all in the least expect_), 2923; so,
+182. Strengthened by other neg.: nōðer ... ne, 2125; swā hē ne mihte nō ...
+(_so that he absolutely could not_), 1509.
+
+nē ... nē, _not ... and not, nor; neither ... nor_, 154-157, 511,
+1083-1085, etc. Another neg. may supply the place of the first ne: so, nō
+... ne, 575-577, 1026-1028, 1393-1395, etc.; nǣfre ... ne, 583-584; nalles
+... nē, 3016-3017. The neg. may be omitted the first time: ǣr nē siððan
+(_neither before nor after, before nor since_), 719; sūð nē norð (_south
+nor north_), 859; ādl nē yldo (_neither illness nor old age_), 1737; wordum
+nē worcum (_neither by word nor deed_), 1101; wiston and ne wēndon (_knew
+not and weened not_), 1605.
+
+nefa, w. m., _nephew, grandson_: nom. sg. nefa (_grandson_), 1204; so,
+1963; (_nephew_), 2171; acc. sg. nefan (_nephew_), 2207; dat. sg. nefan
+(_nephew_), 882.
+
+nefne, næfne, nemne (orig. from ne-gif-ne): 1) subj.: a) with depend.
+clause = _unless_: nefne him wītig god wyrd forstōde (_if fate, the wise
+God, had not prevented him_), 1057; nefne god sylfa ... sealde (_unless God
+himself_, etc.), 3055; næfne him his wlite lēoge (MS. nǣfre) (_unless his
+face belie him_), 250; næfne hē wæs māra (_except that he was huger_),
+1354; nemne him heaðo-byrne helpe ge-fremede, 1553; so, 2655.--b) w.
+follow. substantive = _except, save, only_: nefne sin-frēa (_except the
+husband_), 1935; ic lȳt hafo hēafod-māga nefne Hygelāc þec (_have no near
+kin but thee_), 2152; nis þæt ēower (gen. pl.) sīð ... nefne mīn ānes,
+2534.--2) Prep. with dat., _except_: nemne fēaum ānum, 1082.
+
+ge-nehost. See ge-neahhe.
+
+nelle, from ne-wille (_I will not_). See willan.
+
+nemnan, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to name, call_: pres. pl. þone yldestan
+ōret-mecgas Bēowulf nemnað (_the warriors call the most distinguished one
+Bēowulf_), 364; so inf. nemnan, 2024; pret. pl. nemdon, 1355.--2) _to
+address_, as in
+
+be-nemnan, _to pronounce solemnly, put under a spell_: pret. sg. Fin
+Hengeste ... āðum be-nemde þæt (_asserted, promised under oath that_ ...),
+1098; pret. pl. swā hit oð dōmes dæg dīope benemdon þēodnas mǣre (_put
+under a curse_), 3070.
+
+nemne. See nefne.
+
+nerian, ge-nerian, w. v., _to save, rescue, liberate_: pres. sg. Wyrd oft
+nereð unfǣgne eorl, 573; pret. part. hæfde ... sele Hrōðgāres ge-nered wið
+nīðe (_saved from hostility_), 828.
+
+ge-nesan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to remain over, be preserved_: pret. sg.
+hrōf āna genæs ealles ansund (_the roof alone was quite sound_), 1000.--2)
+w. acc., _to endure successfully, survive, escape from_: pret. sg. sē þā
+sæcce ge-næs, 1978; fela ic ... gūð-rǣsa ge-næs, 2427; pret. part. swā hē
+nīða gehwane genesen hæfde, 2398.
+
+net, st. n., _net_: in comp. brēost-, here-, hring-, inwit-, searo-net.
+
+nēdla, w. m., _dire necessity, distress_: in comp. þrēa-nēdla.
+
+nēðan (G. nanþjan), w. v., _to venture, undertake boldly_: pres. part.
+nearo nēðende (_encountering peril_), 2351; pret. pl. þǣr git ... on dēop
+water aldrum nēðdon (_where ye two risked your lives in the deep water_),
+510; so, 538.
+
+ge-nēðan, the same: inf. ne dorste under ȳða gewin aldre ge-nēðan, 1470.
+With depend. clause: nǣnig þæt dorste genēðan þæt (_none durst undertake
+to_ ...), 1934; pret. sg. hē under hārne stān āna genēðde frēcne dǣde (_he
+risked alone the bold deed, venturing under the grey rock_), 889; (ic)
+wigge under wætere weorc genēðde earfoð-līce (_I with difficulty stood the
+work under the water in battle_, i.e. could hardly win the victory), 1657;
+ic genēðde fela gūða (_ventured on, risked, many contests_), 2512; pres.
+pl. (of majesty) wē ... frēcne genēðdon eafoð uncūðes (_we have boldly
+risked, dared, the monster's power_), 961.
+
+nēh. See nēah.
+
+ge-neahhe, adv., _enough, sufficiently_, 784, 3153; superl. genehost brægd
+eorl Bēowulfes ealde lāfe (_many an earl of B.'s_), 795.
+
+nealles (from ne-ealles), adv., _omnino non, not at all, by no means_:
+nealles, 2146, 2168, 2180, 2223, 2597, etc.; nallas, 1720, 1750; nalles,
+338, 1019, 1077, 1443, 2504, etc.; nalas, 43, 1494, 1530, 1538; nales,
+1812.
+
+nearo, st. n., _strait, danger, distress_: acc. sg. nearo, 2351, 2595.
+
+nearo, adj., _narrow_: acc. pl. f. nearwe, 1410.
+
+nearwe, adv., _narrowly_, 977.
+
+nearo-cræft, st. m., _art of rendering difficult of access?,
+inaccessibility_ (see 2214 seqq.): instr. pl. nearo-cræftum, 2244.
+
+nearo-fāh, m., _foe that causes distress, war-foe_: gen. sg. nearo-fāges,
+2318.
+
+nearo-þearf, st. f., _dire need, distress_: acc. sg. nearo-þearfe, 422.
+
+ge-nearwian, w. v., _to drive into a corner, press upon_: pret. part.
+genearwod, 1439.
+
+nēah, nēh: 1) adj., _near, nigh_: nom. sg. nēah, 1744, 2729. In superl.
+also = _last_: instr. sg. nȳhstan sīðe (_for the last time_), 1204;
+nīehstan sīðe, 2512.
+
+2) adv., _near_: feor and (oððe) nēah, 1222, 2871; 3) prep, sǣ-grunde nēah,
+   564; so, 1925, 2243; holm-wylme nēh, 2412. Compar. nēar, 746.
+
+nēan, adv., _near by, (from) close at hand_, 528; (neon, MS.), 3105;
+feorran and nēan, 840; nēan and feorran, 1175, 2318.
+
+ge-nēat, st. m., _comrade, companion_: in comp. bēod-, heorð-genēat.
+
+nioðor. See niðer.
+
+neowol, adj., _steep, precipitous_: acc. pl. neowle, 1412.
+
+nēod, st. f., _polite intercourse regulated by etiquette?, hall-joy?_: acc.
+sg. nīode, 2117; inst. (= _joy_), 2216.
+
+nēod-laðu, st. f., _polite invitation; wish_: dat. sg. æfter nēod-laðu
+(_according to his wishes_), 1321.
+
+nēosan, nēosian, w. v. w. gen., _to seek out, look for; to attack_: inf.
+nēosan, 125, 1787, 1792, 1807, 2075; nīosan, 2389, 2672; nēosian, 115,
+1126; nīosian, 3046; pret. sg. nīosade, 2487.
+
+nēotan, st. v., _to take, accept_, w. gen.; _to use, enjoy_: imper. sg.
+nēot, 1218.
+
+be-nēotan, w. dat., _to rob, deprive of_: inf. hine aldre be-nēotan, 681;
+pret. sg. cyning ealdre bi-nēat (_deprived the king of life_), 2397.
+
+nicor, st. m., _sea-horse, walrus, sea-monster_ (cf. Bugge in Zacher's
+Journal, 4, 197): acc. pl. niceras, 422, 575; nicras, 1428; gen. pl.
+nicera, 846.
+
+nicor-hūs, st. n., _house_ or _den of sea-monsters_: gen. pl. nicor-hūsa,
+1412.
+
+nið st. m., _man, human being_: gen. pl. niðða, 1006; niða? (passage
+corrupt), 2216.
+
+niðer, nyðer, neoðor, adv., _down, downward_: niðer, 1361; nioðor, 2700;
+nyðer, 3045.
+
+nið-sele, st. m., _hall, room, in the deep_ (Grein): dat. sg. [in] nið-sele
+nāt-hwylcum, 1514.
+
+nigen, num., _nine_: acc. nigene, 575.
+
+niht, st. f. _night_: nom. sg., 115, 547. 650, 1321, 2117; acc. sg. niht,
+135, 737, 2939; gystran niht (_yester-night_), 1335; dat. sg. on niht, 575,
+684; on wanre niht, 703; gen. sg. nihtes hwīlum (_sometimes at night, in
+the hours of the night_), 3045; as adv. = _of a night, by night_, G.
+nachts, 422, 2274; dæges and nihtes, 2270; acc. pl. seofon niht
+(_se'nnight, seven days_, cf. Tac. Germ, 11), 517; dat. pl. sweartum
+nihtum, 167; deorcum nihtum, 275, 221; gen. pl. nihta, 545, 1366.--Comp.:
+middel-, sin-niht.
+
+niht-bealu, st. n., _night-bale, destruction by night_: gen. pl.
+niht-bealwa, 193.
+
+niht-helm, st. m., _veil_ or _canopy of night_: nom. sg., 1790.
+
+niht-long, adj., _lasting through the night_: acc. sg. m. niht-longne fyrst
+(_space of a night_), 528.
+
+niht-weorc, st. n., _night-work, deed done at night_: instr. sg.
+niht-weorce, 828.
+
+niman, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to take, hold, seize, undertake_: pret. sg. nam
+þā mid handa hige-þīhtigne rinc, 747; pret. pl. wē . . . nīode nāman,
+2117.--2) _to take, take away, deprive of_: pres. sg. sē þe hine dēað nimeð
+(_he whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 447; nymeð, 1847; nymeð nȳd-bāde,
+599; subj. pres. gif mec hild nime, 452, 1482; pret. sg. ind. nam on
+Ongenþīo īren-byrnan, 2987; ne nom hē ... māðm-ǣhta mā (_he took no more of
+the rich treasures_), 1613; pret. part. þā wæs ... sēo cwēn numen (_the
+queen carried off_), 1154.
+
+be-niman, _to deprive of_: pret. sg. oð þæt hine yldo benam mægenes wynnum
+(_till age bereft him of joy in his strength_), 1887.
+
+for-niman, _to carry off_: pres. sg. þē þā dēað for-nam (_whom death
+carried off_), 488; so, 557, 696, 1081, 1124, 1206, 1437, etc. Also, dat.
+for acc.: pret. pl. him īrenna ecge fornāmon, 2829.
+
+ge-niman: 1) _to take, seize_: pret. sg. (hine) be healse ge-nam (_clasped
+him around the neck, embraced him_), 1873.--2) _to take, take away_: pret.
+on reste genam þrītig þegna, 122; hēo under heolfre genam cūðe folme, 1303;
+segn ēac genom, 2777; þā mec sinca baldor ... æt mīnum fæder genam (_took
+me at my father's hands, adopted me_), 2430; pret. part. genumen, 3167.
+
+ge-nip, st. n., _darkness, mist, cloud_: acc. pl. under næssa genipu, 1361;
+ofer flōda genipu, 2809.
+
+nis, from ne-is (_is not_): see wesan.
+
+nīwe, nīowe, adj., _new, novel; unheard-of_: nom. sg. swēg up ā-stāg nīwe
+geneahhe (_a monstrous hubbub arose_), 784; beorh ... nīwe (_a
+newly-raised(?) grave-mound_), 2244; acc. sg. nīwe sibbe (_the new
+kinship_), 950; instr. sg. nīwan stefne (properly, novā voce; here = de
+novo, iterum, _again_), 2595; nīowan stefne (_again_), 1790; gen. pl. nīwra
+spella (_new tidings_), 2899.
+
+ge-nīwian, w. v., _to renew_: pret. part. ge-nīwod, 1304, 1323; genīwad,
+2288.
+
+nīw-tyrwed, pret. part., _newly-tarred_: acc. sg. nīw-tyrwedne (-tyrwydne,
+MS.) nacan, 295.
+
+nīð, st. m., properly only _zeal, endeavor_; then _hostile endeavor,
+hostility, battle, war_: nom. sg., 2318; acc. sg. nīð, 184, 276; Wedera nīð
+(_enmity against the W., the sorrows of the Weders_), 423; dat. sg. wið
+(æt) nīðe, 828, 2586; instr. nīðe, 2681; gen. pl. nīða, 883, 2351, 2398,
+etc.; also instr. = _by, in, battle_, 846, 1440, 1963, 2171, 2207.--Comp.:
+bealo-, fǣr-, here-, hete-, inwit-, searo-, wæl-nīð.
+
+nīð-draca, w. m., _battle-dragon_: nom. sg., 2274.
+
+nīð-gast, st. m., _hostile alien, fell demon_: acc. sg. þone nīð-gæst (_the
+dragon_), 2700.
+
+nīð-geweorc, st. n., _work of enmity, deed of evil_: gen. pl. -geweorca,
+684.
+
+nīð-grim, adj., _furious in battle, savage_: nom. sg., 193.
+
+nīð-heard, adj., _valiant in war_: nom. sg., 2418.
+
+nīð-hȳdig, adj., _eager for battle, valorous_: nom. pl. nīð-hȳdige men,
+3167.
+
+ge-nīðla, w. m., _foe, persecutor, waylayer_: in comp. ferhð-,
+feorh-genīðla.
+
+nīð-wundor, st. n., _hostile wonder, strange marvel of evil_: acc. sg.,
+1366.
+
+nīpan, st. v., _to veil, cover over, obscure_; pres. part. nīpende niht,
+547, 650.
+
+nolde, from ne-wolde (_would not_); see willan.
+
+norð, adv., _northward_, 859.
+
+norðan, adv., _from the north_, 547.
+
+nose, w. f., _projection, cliff, cape_: dat. sg. of hlīðes nosan, 1893; æt
+brimes nosan, 2804.
+
+nō (strengthened neg.), _not, not at all, by no means_, 136, 244, 587, 755,
+842, 969, 1736, etc.; strengthened by following ne, 459(?), 1509; nō ... nō
+(_neither ... nor_), 541-543; so, nō ... ne, 168. See ne.
+
+nōðer (from nā-hwæðer), neg., _and not, nor_, 2125.
+
+ge-nōh, adj., _sufficient, enough_: acc. sg. fǣhðo genōge, 2490; acc. pl.
+genōge ... bēagas, 3105.
+
+nōn, st. f., [Eng. _noon_], _ninth hour of the day, three o'clock in the
+afternoon of our reckoning_ (the day was reckoned from six o'clock in the
+morning; cf. Bouterwek Scrēadunga, 24 _2_: wē hātað ǣnne dæg fram sunnan
+upgange oð ǣfen): nom. sg. nōn, 1601.
+
+nū, adv.: l) _now, at present_, 251, 254, 375, 395, 424, 426, 489, etc.: nū
+gȳt (_up to now, hitherto_), 957; nū gēn (_now still, yet_), 2860; (_now
+yet, still_), 3169.--2) conj., _since, inasmuch as_: nū þū lungre geong ...
+nū se wyrm ligeð (_go now quickly, since the dragon lieth dead_), 2746; so,
+2248; þæt þū mē ne forwyrne ... nū ic þus feorran cōm (_that do not thou
+refuse me, since I am come so far_), 430; so, 1476; nū ic on māðma hord
+mīne bebohte frōde feorh-lege, fremmað gē nū (_as I now..., so do ye_),
+2800; so, 3021.
+
+nymðe, conj. w. subj., _if not, unless_, 782; nymðe mec god scylde (_if God
+had not shielded me_), 1659.
+
+nyt, st. f., _duty, service, office, employment_: acc. sg. þegn nytte
+behēold (_did his duty_), 494; so, 3119.--Comp.: sund-, sundor-nyt.
+
+nyt, adj., _useful_: acc. pl. m. nytte, 795; comp. un-nyt.
+
+ge-nyttian, w. v., _to make use of, enjoy_: pret. part. hæfde eorð-scrafa
+ende ge-nyttod (_had enjoyed, made use of_), 3047.
+
+nȳd, st. f., _force, necessity, need, pain_: acc. sg. þurh dēaðes nȳd,
+2455; instr. sg. nȳde, 1006. In comp. (like nȳd-maga, consanguineus, in
+AEthelred's Laws, VI. 12, Schmid, p. 228; nēd-maga, in Cnut's Laws, I. 7,
+ibid., p. 258); also, _tie of blood._--Comp. þrēa-nȳd.
+
+ge-nȳdan, w. v.: 1) _to force, compel_: pret. part. nīðe ge-nȳded
+(_forced by hostile power_), 2681.--2) _to force upon_: pret. part. acc.
+sg. f. nȳde genȳdde ... gearwe stōwe (_the inevitable place prepared for
+each_, i.e. the bed of death), 1006.
+
+nȳd-bād, st. f., _forced pledge, pledge demanded by force_: acc. pl.
+nȳd-bāde, 599.
+
+nȳd-gestealla, w. m., _comrade in need_ or _united by ties of blood_: nom.
+pl. nȳd-gesteallan, 883.
+
+nȳd-gripe, st. m., _compelling grip_: dat. sg. in nȳd-gripe (mid-gripe,
+MS.), 977.
+
+nȳd-wracu, st. f., _distressful persecution, great distress_: nom. sg.,
+193.
+
+nȳhst. See nēah.
+
+O
+
+oððe, conj.: 1) _or; otherwise_, 283, 437, 636, 638, 694, 1492, 1765,
+etc.--2) _and_(?), _till_(?), 650, 2476, 3007.
+
+of, prep. w. dat., _from, off from_: 1) _from some point of view_: ge-seah
+of wealle (_from the wall_), 229; so, 786; of hefene scīneð (_shineth from
+heaven_), 1572; of hlīðes nosan gæstas grētte (_from the cliff's
+projection_), 1893; of þām lēoma stōd (_from which light streamed_), 2770;
+þǣr wæs māðma fela of feorwegum ... gelǣded (_from distant lands_), 37; þā
+cōm of mōre (_from the moor_), 711, 922.--2) _forth from, out of_: hwearf
+of earde (_wandered from his home, died_), 56; so, 265, 855, 2472; þā ic of
+searwum cōm (_when I had escaped from the persecutions of the foe_), 419;
+þā him Hrōðgār gewāt ... ūt of healle (_out of the hall_), 664; so, 2558,
+2516; 1139, 2084, 2744; wudu-rēc ā-stāh sweart of (ofer) swioðole (_black
+wood-reek ascended from the smoking fire_), 3145; (icge gold) ā-hæfen of
+horde (_lifted from the hoard_), 1109; lēt þā of brēostum ... word ūt faran
+(_from his breast_), 2551; dyde ... helm of hafelan (_doffed his helmet_),
+673; so, 1130; sealdon wīn of wunder-fatum (_presented wine from wondrous
+vessels_), 1163; siððan hyne Hæðcyn of horn-bogan ... flāne geswencte
+(_with an arrow shot from the horned bow_), 2438; so, 1434. Prep.
+postponed: þā hē him of dyde īsern-byrnan (_doffed his iron corselet_),
+672.
+
+ofer, prep. w. dat. and acc., _over, above_: 1) w. dat, _over_ (rest,
+locality): Wīglāf siteð ofer Bīowulfe, 2908; ofer æðelinge, 1245; ofer
+eorðan, 248, 803, 2008; ofer wer-þēode (_over the earth, among mankind_),
+900; ofer ȳðum, 1908; ofer hron-rāde (_over the sea_), 10; so, 304, 1287,
+1290, etc.; ofer ealowǣge (_over the beer-cup, drinking_), 481.--2) w. acc.
+of motion: a) _over_ (local): ofer ȳðe (_over the waves_), 46, 1910; ofer
+swan-rāde (_over the swan-road, the sea_), 200; ofer wǣgholm, 217; ofer
+geofenes be-gang, 362; so, 239, 240, 297, 393, 464, 471, etc.; ofer bolcan
+(_over the gangway_), 231; ofer landa fela (_over many lands_), 311; so,
+1405, 1406; ofer hēahne hrōf (_along upon (under?) the high roof_), 984;
+ofer eormen-grund (_over the whole earth_), 860; ofer ealle (_over all, on
+all sides_), 2900, 650; so, 1718;--606, 900, 1706; ofer borda gebræc
+(_over, above, the crashing of shields_), 2260; ofer bord-(scild) weall,
+2981, 3119. Temporal: ofer þā niht (_through the night, by night_), 737. b)
+w. verbs of saying, speaking, _about, of, concerning_: hē ofer benne spræc,
+2725. c) _beyond, over_: ofer mīn ge-met (_beyond my power_), 2880;--hence,
+_against, contrary to_: hē ofer willan gīong (_went against his will_),
+2410; ofer ealde riht (_against the ancient laws_, i.e. the ten
+commandments), 2331;--also, _without_: wīg ofer wǣpen (_war sans,
+dispensing with, weapons_), 686;--temporal = _after_: ofer eald-gewin
+(_after long, ancient, suffering_), 1782.
+
+ofer-hygd, st. n., _arrogance, pride, conceit_: gen. pl. ofer-hygda, 1741;
+ofer-hȳda, 1761.
+
+ofer-māðum, st. m., _very rich treasure_: dat. pl. ofer-māðmum, 2994.
+
+ofer-mægen, st. n., _over-might, superior numbers_: dat. sg. mid
+ofer-mægene, 2918.
+
+ofer-þearf, st. f., _dire distress, need_: dat. sg. [for ofer] þea[rfe],
+2227.
+
+oft, adv., _often_, 4, 165, 444, 572, 858, 908, 1066, 1239, etc.; oft [nō]
+seldan, 2030; oft nalles ǣne, 3020; so, 1248, 1888. Compar. oftor, 1580.
+Superl. oftost, 1664.
+
+om-, on-. see am-, an-.
+
+ombiht. See ambiht.
+
+oncer. See ancer.
+
+ond. See and.
+
+onsȳn. See ansȳn.
+
+on, prep. w. dat. and acc., signifying primarily _touching on, contact
+with_: I. local, w. dat.: a) _on, upon, in at_ (of exterior surface): on
+hēah-stede (_in the high place_), 285; on mīnre ēðel-tyrf (_in my native
+place_), 410; on þǣm meðel-stede, 1083; so, 2004; on þām holmclife, 1422;
+so, 1428; on foldan (_on earth_), 1197; so, 1533, 2997; on þǣre medu-bence
+(_on the mead-bench_), 1053; beornas on blancum (_the heroes on the
+dapple-greys_), 857, etc.; on ræste (_in bed_), 1299; on stapole (_at,
+near, the pillar_), 927; on wealle, 892; on wāge (_on the wall_), 1663; on
+þǣm wæl-stenge (_on the battle-lance_), 1639; on eaxle (_on his shoulder_),
+817, 1548; on bearme, 40; on brēostum, 552; on hafelan, 1522; on handa (_in
+his hand_), 495, 540; so, 555, 766; on him byrne scān (_on him shone the
+corselet_), 405; on ōre (_at the front_), 1042; on corðre (_at the head of,
+among, his troop_), 1154; scip on ancre (_the ship at anchor_), 303; þæt hē
+on heoðe ge-stōd (_until he stood in the hall_), 404; on fæder stǣle (_in a
+father's place_), 1480; on ȳðum (_on the waves, in the water_), 210, 421,
+534, 1438; on holme, 543; on ēg-strēamum, 577; on segl-rāde, 1438, etc.; on
+flōde, 1367. The prep. postponed: Frēslondum on, 2358.--b) _in, inside of_
+(of inside surface): secg on searwum (_a champion in armor_), 249; so, 963;
+on wīg-geatwum, 368; (reced) on þǣm se rīca bād (_in which the mighty one
+abode_), 310; on Heorote (_in Heorot_), 475, 497, 594, 1303; on bēor-sele,
+492, 1095; on healle, 615, 643; so, 639, 1017, 1026, etc.; on burgum (_in
+the cities, boroughs_), 53; on helle, 101; on sefan mīnum (_in my mind_),
+473; on mōde, 754; so, 755, 949, 1343, 1719, etc.; on aldre (_in his
+vitals_), 1435; on middan (in medio), 2706.--c) _among, amid_: on searwum
+(_among the arms_), 1558; on gemonge (_among the troop_), 1644; on þām
+lēod-scipe (_among the people_), 2198; nymðe līges fæðm swulge on swaðule
+(_unless the embracing flame should swallow it in smoke_), 783;--_in, with,
+touched by, possessing something_: þā wæs on sālum sinces brytta (_then was
+the dispenser of treasure in joy_), 608; so, 644, 2015; wæs on hrēon mōde,
+1308; on sweofote (_in sleep_), 1582, 2296; hēo wæs on ofste (_she was in
+haste_), 1293; so, 1736, 1870; þā wæs on blōde brim weallende (_there was
+the flood billowing in, with, blood_), 848; (hē) wæs on sunde (_was
+a-swimming_), 1619; wæs tō fore-mihtig fēond on fēðe (_too powerful in
+speed_), 971; þǣr wæs swīgra secg ... on gylpsprǣce (_there was the
+champion more silent in his boasting speech_), 982;--_in; full of,
+representing, something_: on weres wæstmum (_in man's form_), 1353.--d)
+_attaching to_, hence _proceeding from; from something_: ge-hȳrde on
+Bēowulfe fæst-rǣdne ge-þōht (_heard in, from, B. the fixed resolve_), 610;
+þæt hē ne mētte ... on elran men mund-gripe māran, 753;--hence, with verbs
+of taking: on ræste genam (_took from his bed_), 122; so, 748, 2987; hit ǣr
+on þē gōde be-geāton (_took it before from thee_), 2249.--e) _with_: swā
+hit lungre wearð on hyra sinc-gifan sāre ge-endod (_as it, too, soon
+painfully came to an end with the dispenser of treasure_), 2312.--f) _by_:
+mæg þonne on þǣm golde ongitan Gēata dryhten (_the lord of the Geatas may
+perceive by the gold_), 1485.--g) _to_, after weorðan: þæt hē on fylle
+wearð (_that he came to a fall_), 1545.
+
+With acc.: a) w. verbs of moving, doing, giving, seeing, etc., _up to, on,
+upon, in_: ā-lēdon þā lēofne þēoden ... on bearm scipes, 35; on stefn (on
+wang) stigon, 212, 225; þā him mid scoldon on flōdes ǣht feor ge-wītan, 42;
+sē þe wið Brecan wunne on sīdne sǣ (_who strovest in a swimming-match with
+B. on the broad sea_), 507, cf. 516; þæt ic on holma ge-þring eorlscipe
+efnde (_that I should venture on the sea to do valiant deeds_), 2133; on
+fēonda geweald sīðian, 809; þāra þe on swylc starað, 997; so, 1781; on
+lufan lǣteð hworfan (_lets him turn his thoughts to love?, to
+possessions?_), 1729; him on mōd bearn (_came into his mind, occurred to
+him_), 67; rǣsde on þone rōfan (_rushed on the powerful one_), 2691; (cwōm)
+on worðig (_came into the palace_), 1973; so, 27, 242, 253, 512, 539, 580,
+677, 726, etc.; on weg (_away_), 764, 845, 1383, 1431, 2097.--b) _towards,
+on_: gōde gewyrcean ... on fæder wine (pl.), 21.--c) aim or object, _to,
+for the object, for, as, in, on_: on þearfe (_in his need, in his strait_),
+1457; so, on hyra man-dryhtnes miclan þearfe, 2850; wrāðum on andan (_as a
+terror to the foe_), 709; Hrōðgār maðelode him on andsware (_said to him in
+reply_), 1841; betst beado-rinca wæs on bǣl gearu (_on the pyre ready_),
+1110; wīg-heafolan bær frēan on fultum (_for help_), 2663; wearð on bīd
+wrecen (_forced to wait_), 2963.--d) ground, reason, _according to, in
+conformity with_: rodera rǣdend hit on ryht gescēd (_decided it in
+accordance with right_), 1556; nē mē swōr fela āða on unriht (_swore no
+oaths unjustly, falsely_), 2740; on spēd (_skilfully_), 874; nallas on gylp
+seleð fǣtte bēagas (_giveth no gold-wrought rings as he promised_), 1750;
+on sīnne selfes dōm (_boastingly, at his own will_), 2148; him eal worold
+wendeð on willan (_according to his will_), 1740.--e) w. verbs of buying,
+_for, in exchange for_: mē ic on māðma hord mīne be-bohte frōde feorh-lege
+(_for the hoard of jewels_), 2800.--f) _of, as to_: ic on Higelāce wāt,
+Gēata dryhten (_I know with respect to, as to, of, H._), 1831; so, 2651;
+þæt hēo on ǣnigne eorl ge-lȳfde fyrena frōfre (_that she should rely on
+any earl for help out of trouble_), 628; þā hīe ge-truwedon on twā healfa
+(_on both sides, mutually_), 1096; so, 2064; þæt þū him ondrǣdan ne þearft
+... on þā healfe (_from, on this side_), 1676.--g) after superlatives or
+virtual superlatives = _among_: næs ... sinc-māððum sēlra (= þæt wæs
+sinc-māðma sēlest) on sweordes hād (_there was no better jewel in sword's
+shape_, i.e. among all swords there was none better), 2194; sē wæs Hrōðgāre
+hæleða lēofost on ge-sīðes hād (_dearest of men as, in the character of,
+follower_, etc.), 1298.
+
+II. Of time: a) w. dat., _in, inside of, during, at_: on fyrste (_in time,
+within the time appointed_), 76; on ūhtan (_at dawn_), 126; on mergenne
+(_at morn, on the morrow_), 565, 2940; on niht, 575; on wanre niht, 703; on
+tȳn dagum, 3161; so, 197, 719, 791, 1063, etc.; on geogoðe (_in youth_),
+409, 466; on geogoð-fēore, 537; so, 1844; on orlege (_in, during, battle_),
+1327; hū lomp ēow on lāde (_on the way_), 1988; on gange (_in going, en
+route_), 1885; on sweofote (_in sleep_), 1582.--b) w. acc., _towards,
+about_: on undern-mǣl (_in the morning, about midday_), 1429; on
+morgen-tīd, 484, 518; on morgen, 838; on ende-stæf (_toward the end, at
+last_), 1754; oftor micle þonne on ǣnne sīð (_far oftener than once_),
+1580.
+
+III. With particles: him on efn (_beside, alongside of, him_), 2904; on
+innan (_inside, within_), 71, 1741, 1969, 2453, 2716; þǣr on innan (_in
+there_), 2090, 2215, 2245. With the relative þē often separated from its
+case: þē ic hēr on starie (_that I here look on, at_), 2797; þē gē þǣr on
+standað (_that ye there stand in_), 2867.
+
+on-cȳð (cf. Dietrich in Haupt's Zeits. XI., 412), st. f., _pain,
+suffering_: nom. sg., 1421; acc. sg. or pl. on-cȳððe, 831.
+
+on-drysne, adj., _frightful, terrible_: acc. sg. firen on-drysne, 1933.
+
+ōnettan (for anettan, from root an-, Goth. inf. anan, _to breathe, pant_),
+w. v., _to hasten_: pret. pl. ōnetton, 306, 1804.
+
+on-līcnes, st. f., _likeness, form, figure_: nom. sg., 1352.
+
+on-mēdla, w. m., _pride, arrogance_: dat. sg. for on-mēdlan, 2927. Cf.
+Bugge in Zacher's Zeits. 4, 218 seqq.
+
+on-sǣge, adj., _tending to fall, fatal_: nom. sg. þā wæs Hondscīo (dat.)
+hild on-sǣge, 2077; Hæðcynne wearð ... gūð on-sǣge, 2484.
+
+on-weald, st. m., _power, authority_: acc. sg. (him) bēga ge-hwæðres ...
+onweald ge-tēah (_gave him power over, possession of, both_), 1044.
+
+open, adj., _open_: acc. sg. hord-wynne fond ... opene standan, 2272.
+
+openian, w. v., _to open_, w. acc.: inf. openian, 3057.
+
+orc (O.S. orc, Goth. aúrkei-s), st. m., _crock, vessel, can _: nom. pl.
+orcas, 3048; acc. pl. orcas, 2761.
+
+orcnē, st. m., _sea-monster_: nom. pl. orcnēas, 112.
+
+ord, st. n. _point_: nom. sg. oð þæt wordes ord brēost-hord þurh-bræc
+(_till the word-point broke through his breast-hoard, came to utterance_),
+2792; acc. sg. ord (_sword-point_), 1550; dat. instr. orde (id.), 556; on
+orde (_at the head of, in front_ [of a troop]), 2499, 3126.
+
+ord-fruma, w. m., _head lord, high prince_: nom. sg., 263.
+
+ōret-mecg, st. m., _champion, warrior, military retainer_: nom. pl.
+ōret-mecgas, 363, 481; acc. pl. ōret-mecgas, 332.
+
+ōretta, w. m., _champion, fighter, hero_: nom. sg., 1533, 2539.
+
+or-leg, st. n., _war, battle_: dat. sg. on orlege, 1327; gen. sg. or-leges,
+2408.
+
+or-leg-hwīl, st. f., _time of battle, war-time_: nom. sg. [or-leg]-hwīl,
+2003; gen. sg. orleg-hwīle, 2912; gen. pl orleg-hwīla, 2428.
+
+or-leahtre, adj., _blameless_: nom. sg 1887.
+
+or-þanc (cf. Gloss. Aldhelm. mid or-þance = argumento in Haupt XI., 436;
+orþancum = machinamentis, _ibid._ 477; or-þanc-scipe = mechanica, 479, st.
+m., _mechanical art, skill_: instr. pl. or-þoncum, 2088; smiðes or-þancum,
+406.
+
+or-wēna, adj. (weak form), _hopeless, despairing_, w. gen.: aldres or-wēna
+(_hopeless of life_), 1003, 1566.
+
+or-wearde, adj., _unguarded, without watch_ or _guard_: adv., 3128.
+
+oruð, st. n., _breath, snorting_: nom. sg., 2558; dat. oreðe, 2840.
+
+Ō
+
+oð (Goth. und, O.H.G. unt, unz): 1) prep. w. acc., _to, till, up to_, only
+temporal: oð þone ānne dæg, 2400; oð dōmes dæg, 3070; ō woruld-ende,
+3084.--2) oð þæt, conj. w. depend, indicative clause, _till, until_, 9, 56,
+66, 100, 145. 219, 296, 307, etc.
+
+ōðer (Goth. anþar), num.: 1) _one or other of two, a second_, = alter: nom.
+sg. subs.: se ōðer, 2062; ōðer(_one_ i.e. of my blood-relations, Hæðcyn and
+Hygelāc), 2482; ōðer ... ōðer (_the one ... the other_), 1350-1352. Adj.:
+ōðer ... mihtig mān-sceaða (_the second mighty, fell foe_, referring to
+1350, 1339; se ōðer ... hæle, 1816; fem. niht ōðer, 2118; neut. ōðer geār
+(_the next, second, year_), 1134; acc. sg. m. ōðerne, 653, 1861, 2441,
+2485; þenden rēafode rinc ōðerne(_whilst one warrior robbed the other_,
+i.e. Eofor robbed Ongenþēow), 2986; neut. ōðer swylc(_another such, an
+equal number_), 1584; instr. sg. ōðre sīðe (_for the second time, again_),
+2671, 3102; dat. sg. ōðrum, 815, 1030, 1166, 1229, 1472, 2168, 2172, etc.;
+gen. sg. m. ōðres dōgores, 219, 606; neut. ōðres, 1875.--2) _another, a
+different one_, = alius: nom. sg., subs. ōðer, 1756; ōðer nǣnig (_no
+other_), 860. Adj.: ǣnig ōðer man, 503, 534; so, 1561; ōðer in (_a
+different house_ or _room_), 1301; acc. sg. ōðer flet, 1087; gen. sg. ōðres
+... yrfe-weardes, 2452; acc. pl. ealo drincende ōðer sǣdan (_ale drinkers
+said other things_), 1946; acc. pl. neut. word ōðer, 871.
+
+ōfer, st. m., _shore_: dat. sg. on ōfre, 1372.
+
+ofost, st. f., _haste_: nom. sg. ofost is sēlest tō gecȳðanne (_haste is
+best to make known, best to say at once_), 256; so, 3008; dat. sg. bēo þū
+on ofeste (ofoste) (_be in haste, hasten_), 386, 2748; on ofste, 1293; on
+ofoste, 2784, 3091.
+
+ofost-līce, adv., _in haste, speedily_, 3131.
+
+ō-hwǣr, adv., _anywhere_, 1738, 2871.
+
+ōmig, adj., _rusty_: nom. sg., 2764; nom. pl. ōmige, 3050.
+
+ōr, st. n., _beginning, origin; front_: nom. sg., 1689; acc. sg., 2408;
+dat. sg. on ōre, 1042.
+
+ō-wiht, _anything, aught_: instr. sg. ō-wihte (_in any way_), 1823, 2433.
+
+P
+
+pād, st. f., _dress_; in comp. here-pād.
+
+pæð, st. m., _path, road, way_; in comp. ān-pæð.
+
+plega, w. m., _play, emulous contest_; lind-plega, 1074.
+
+R
+
+raðe, adv., _quickly, immediately_, 725, Cf. hrāðe.
+
+rand, rond, st. m., _shield_: acc. sg, rand, 683; rond, 657, 2567, 2610;
+dat. ronde (rond, MS.), 2674; under rande, 1210; bī ronde, 2539; acc. pl.
+randas, 231; rondas, 326, 2654.--Comp.: bord-, hilde-, sīd-rand.
+
+rand-hæbbend, pres. part., _shield-bearer_, i.e. _man at arms, warrior_:
+gen. pl. rond-hæbbendra, 862.
+
+rand-wiga, w. m., _shield-warrior, shield-bearing warrior_: nom. sg., 1299;
+acc. sg. rand-wigan, 1794.
+
+rād, st. f., _road, street_; in comp. hran-, segl-, swan-rād.
+
+ge-rād, adj., _clever, skilful, ready_: acc. pl. neut. ge-rāde, 874.
+
+rāp, st. m., _rope, bond, fetter_: in comp. wæl-rāp.
+
+rāsian, w. v., _to find, discover_: pret. part. þā wæs hord rāsod, 2284.
+
+ræst. See rest.
+
+rǣcan, w. v., _to reach, reach after_: pret. sg. rǣhte ongēan fēond mid
+folme (_reached out his hand toward the foe_), 748.
+
+ge-rǣcan, _to attain, strike, attack_: pret. sg. hyne ... wǣpne ge-rǣhte
+(_struck him with his sword_), 2966; so, 556.
+
+rǣd, st. m.: 1) _advice, counsel, resolution; good counsel, help_: nom. sg.
+nū is rǣd gelong eft æt þē ānum (_now is help to be found with thee
+alone_), 1377; acc. sg. rǣd, 172, 278, 3081.--2) _advantage, gain, use_:
+acc. sg. þæt rǣd talað (_counts that a gain_), 2028; ēcne rǣd (_the eternal
+gain, everlasting life_), 1202; acc. pl. ēce rǣdas, 1761.--Comp.: folc-rǣd,
+and adj., ān-, fæst-rǣd.
+
+rǣdan, st. v., _to rule; reign; to possess_: pres. part. rodera rǣdend
+(_the ruler of the heavens_), 1556; inf. þone þe þū mid rihte rǣdan
+sceoldest (_that thou shouldst possess by rights_), 2057; wolde dōm godes
+dǣdum rǣdan gumena gehwylcum (_God's doom would rule over, dispose of,
+every man in deeds_), 2859. See sele-rǣdend.
+
+rǣd-bora, w. m. _counsellor, adviser_: nom. sg., 1326.
+
+rǣden, st. f., _order, arrangement, law_: see Note on 1143; comp.
+worold-rǣden(?).
+
+ā-rǣran, w. v.: 1) _to raise, lift up_: pret. pl. þā wǣron monige þē his
+mǣg ... ricone ā-rǣrdon (_there were many that lifted up his brother
+quickly_), 2984.--2) figuratively, _to spread, disseminate_: pret. part.
+blǣd is ā-rǣred (_thy renown is far-spread_), 1704.
+
+rǣs, st. m., _on-rush, attack, storm_: acc. sg. gūðe rǣs (_the storm of
+battle, attack_), 2627; instr. pl. gūðe rǣsum, 2357.--Comp.: gūð-, hand-,
+heaðo-, mægen-, wæl-rǣs.
+
+(ge-)rǣsan, w. v., _to rush (upon)_: pret. sg. rǣsde on þone rōfan, 2691,
+2840.
+
+rǣswa, w. m., _prince, ruler_: dat. sg. weoroda rǣswan, 60.
+
+reccan, w. v., _to explicate, recount, narrate_: inf. frum-sceaft fīra
+feorran reccan (_recount the origin of man from ancient times_), 91;
+gerund, tō lang is tō reccenne, hū ic ... (_too long to tell how I_...),
+2094; pret. sg. syllīc spell rehte (_told a wondrous tale_), 2111; so
+intrans. feorran rehte (_told of olden times_), 2107.
+
+reced, st. n., _building, house; hall_ (complete in itself): nom. sg., 412,
+771, 1800; acc. sg., 1238; dat. sg. recede, 721, 729, 1573; gen. sg.
+recedes, 326, 725, 3089; gen. pl. receda, 310.--Comp.: eorð-, heal-, horn-,
+win-reced.
+
+regn-heard, adj., _immensely strong, firm_: acc. pl. rondas regn-hearde,
+326.
+
+regnian, rēnian, w. v., _to prepare, bring on_ or _about_: inf. dēað
+rēn[ian] hond-gesteallan (_prepare death for his comrade_), 2169.
+
+ge-regnian, _to prepare, deck out, adorn_: pret. part. medu-benc monig ...
+golde ge-regnad, 778.
+
+regn-, rēn-weard, st. m., _mighty guardian_: nom. pl. rēn-weardas (of
+Bēowulf and Grendel contending for the possession of the hall), 771.
+
+rest, ræst, st. f.: 1) _bed, resting-place_: acc. sg. ræste, 139; dat. sg.
+on ræste (genam) (_from his resting-place_), 1299, 1586; tō ræste (_to
+bed_), 1238. Comp.: flet-ræst, sele-rest, wæl-rest.--2) _repose, rest_; in
+comp. ǣfen-ræst.
+
+ge-reste (M.H.G. reste), f., _resting-place_: in comp. wind-gereste.
+
+restan, w. v.: 1) _to rest_: inf. restan, 1794; pret. sg. reflex. reste
+hine þā rūm-heort, 1800.--2) _to rest, cease_: inf., 1858.
+
+rēc (O.H.G. rouh), st. m., _reek, smoke_: instr. sg. rēce, 3157.--Comp.:
+wæl-, wudu-rēc.
+
+rēcan (O.H.G. ruohjan), w. v. w. gen., _to reck, care about something, be
+anxious_: pres. sg. III. wǣpna ne rēceð (_recketh not for weapons, weapons
+cannot hurt him_), 434.
+
+rēðe, adj., _wroth, furious_: nom. sg., 122, 1586; nom. pl. rēðe, 771.
+Also, of things, _wild, rough, fierce_: gen. sg. rēðes and-hāttres
+(_fierce, penetrating heat_), 2524.
+
+rēaf, st. n., _booty, plunder in war; clothing, garments_ (as taken by the
+victor from the vanquished): in comp. heaðo-, wæl-rēaf.
+
+rēafian, w. v., _to plunder, rob_, w. acc.: inf. hord rēafian, 2774; pret.
+sg. þenden rēafode rinc ōðerne, 2986; wæl rēafode, 3028; pret. pl. wæl
+rēafedon, 1213.
+
+be-rēafian, w. instr., _to bereave, rob of_: pret. part. since be-rēafod,
+2747; golde be-rēafod, 3019.
+
+reord, st. f., _speech, language; tone of voice_: acc. sg. on-cnīow mannes
+reorde (_knew, heard, a human voice_), 2556.
+
+reordian, w. v., _to speak, talk_: inf. fela reordian _(speak much_), 3026.
+
+ge-reordian, _to entertain, to prepare for_: pret. part. þā wæs eft swā ǣr
+... flet-sittendum fægere ge-reorded (_again, as before, the guests were
+hospitably entertained_), 1789
+
+rēot, st. m.?, f.?, _noise, tumult_? (_grave_?): instr. sg. rēote, 2458.
+Bugge, in Zachers Zeits. 4, 215, takes rēote as dat. from rēot (_rest,
+repose_).
+
+rēoc, adj., _savage, furious_: nom. sg., 122.
+
+be-rēofan, st. v., _to rob of, bereave_: pret. part. w. instr. acc. sg.
+fem. golde berofene, 2932; instr. sg. rēote berofene, 2458.
+
+rēon. See rōwan.
+
+rēotan, st. v., _to weep_: pres. pl. oð þæt ... roderas rēotað, 1377.
+
+rēow, adj., _excited, fierce, wild_: in comp. blōd-, gūð-, wæl-rēow. See
+hrēow.
+
+ricone, _hastily, quickly, immediately_, 2984.
+
+riht, st. n., _right_ or _privilege; the_ (abstract) _right_: acc. sg. on
+ryht (_according to right_), 1556; sōð and riht (_truth and right_), 1701;
+dat. sg. wið rihte, 144; æfter rihte (_in accordance with right_), 1050;
+syllīc spell rehte æfter rihte _(told a wondrous tale truthfully_), 2111;
+mid rihte, 2057; acc. pl. ealde riht (_the ten commandments_), 2331;
+--Comp. in ēðel-, folc-, land-, un-, word-riht.
+
+riht, adj., _straight, right_: in comp. up-riht.
+
+rihte, adv., _rightly, correctly_, 1696. See æt-rihte.
+
+rinc, st. m., _man, warrior, hero_: nom. sg., 399, 2986; also of Grendel,
+721; acc. sg. rinc, 742, 748; dat. sg. rince, 953; of Hrōðgār, 1678; gen.
+pl. rinca, 412, 729.--Comp. in beado-, gūð-, here-, heaðo-, hilde-, mago-,
+sǣ-rinc.
+
+ge-risne, ge-rysne, adj., _appropriate, proper_: nom. sg. n. ge-rysne,
+2654.
+
+rīce, st. n.: 1) _realm, land ruled over_: nom. sg., 2200, 2208; acc. sg.
+rīce, 913, 1734, 1854, 3005; gen. sg. rīces, 862, 1391, 1860, 2028, 3081.
+Comp. Swīo-rīce.--2) _council of chiefs, the king with his chosen
+advisers_(?): nom. sg. oft gesæt rīce tō rūne, 172.
+
+rīce, adj., _mighty, powerful_: nom. sg. (of Hrōðgār), 1238; (of Hygelāc),
+1210; (of Æsc-here), 1299; weak form, se rīca (Hrōðgār), 310; (Bēowulf),
+399; (Hygelāc), 1976.--Comp. gimme-rīce.
+
+rīcsian, rīxian, w. v. intrans., _to rule, reign_: inf. rīcsian, 2212;
+pret. sg. rīxode, 144.
+
+rīdan, st. v., _to ride_: subj. pres. þæt his byre rīde giong on galgan,
+2446; pres. part. nom. pl. rīdend, 2458; inf. wicge rīdan, 234; mēarum
+rīdan, 856; pret. sg. sǣ-genga ... sē þe on ancre rād, 1884; him tō-gēanes
+rād (_rode to meet them_), 1894; pret. pl. ymbe hlǣw riodan (_rode round
+the grave-mound_), 3171.
+
+ge-rīdan, w. acc., _to ride over_: pret. sg. sē þe næs ge-rād (_who rode
+over the promontory_), 2899.
+
+rīm, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. dæg-, un-rīm.
+
+ge-rīm, st. n., _series, number_: in comp. dōgor-ge-rim.
+
+ge-rīman, w. v., _to count together, enumerate in all_: pret. part. in
+comp. forð-gerīmed.
+
+ā-rīsan, st. v., _to arise, rise_: imper. sg. ā-rīs, 1391; pret. sg. ā-rās
+þā se rīca, 399; so, 652, 1791, 3031; ā-rās þā bī ronde (_arose by his
+shield_), 2539; hwanan sīo fǣhð ā-rās (_whence the feud arose_), 2404.
+
+rodor, st. m., _ether, firmament, sky_ (from _radius_?, Bugge): gen. sg.
+rodores candel, 1573; nom. pl. roderas, 1377; dat. pl. under roderum, 310;
+gen. pl. rodera, 1556.
+
+rōf, adj., _fierce, of fierce, heroic, strength, strong_: nom. sg., 2539;
+also with gen. mægenes rōf (_strong in might_), 2085; so, þēah þe hē rōf
+sīe nīð-geweorca, 683; acc. sg. rōfne, 1794; on þone rōfan, 2691.--Comp.:
+beadu-, brego-, ellen-, heaðo-, hyge-, sige-rōf.
+
+rōt, adj., _glad, joyous_: in comp. un-rōt.
+
+rōwan, st. v., _to row_ (with the arms), _swim_: pret. pl. rēon (for
+rēowon), 512, 539.
+
+rūm, st. m., _space, room_: nom. sg., 2691.
+
+rūm, adj.: 1) _roomy, spacious_: nom. sg. þūhte him eall tō rūm, wongas and
+wīc-stede (_fields and dwelling seemed to him all too broad_, i.e. could
+not hide his shame at the unavenged death of his murdered son), 2462.--2)
+in moral sense, _great, magnanimous, noble-hearted_: acc. sg. þurh rūmne
+sefan, 278.
+
+rūm-heort, adj., _big-hearted, noble-spirited_: nom. sg., 1800, 2111.
+
+ge-rūm-līc, adj., _commodious, comfortable_: compar. ge-rūm-līcor, 139.
+
+rūn, st. f., _secrecy, secret discussion, deliberation_ or _council_: dat.
+sg. ge-sæt rīce tō rūne, 172.--Comp. beado-rūn.
+
+rūn-stæf, st. m., _rune-stave, runic letter_: acc. pl. þurh rūn-stafas,
+1696.
+
+rūn-wita, w. m., _rune-wit, privy councillor, trusted adviser_: nom. sg.,
+1326.
+
+ge-rysne. See ge-risne.
+
+ge-rȳman, w. v.: 1) _to make room for, prepare, provide room_: pret. pl.
+þæt hīe him ōðer flet eal ge-rȳmdon, 1087; pret. part. þā wæs Gēat-mæcgum
+... benc gerȳmed, 492; so, 1976.--2) _to allow, grant, admit_: pret. part.
+þā mē ge-rȳmed wæs (sīð) (_as access was permitted me_), 3089; þā him
+gerȳmed wearð, þæt hīe wæl-stōwe wealdan mōston, 2984.
+
+S
+
+ge-saca, w. m., _opponent, antagonist, foe_: acc. sg. ge-sacan, 1774.
+
+sacan, st. v., _to strive, contend_: inf. ymb feorh sacan, 439.
+
+ge-sacan, _to attain, gain by contending_ (Grein): inf. gesacan sceal
+sāwl-berendra ... gearwe stōwe _(gain the place prepared_, i.e. the
+death-bed), 1005.
+
+on-sacan: 1) (originally in a lawsuit), _to withdraw, take away, deprive
+of_: pres. subj. þætte freoðuwebbe fēores on-sæce ... lēofne mannan,
+1943.--2) _to contest, dispute, withstand_: inf. þæt hē sǣmannum on-sacan
+mihte (i.e. hord, bearn, and brȳde), 2955.
+
+sacu, st. f., _strife, hostility, feud_: nom. sg., 1858, 2473; acc. sg.
+sæce, 154; sæcce, 1978, 1990, 2348, 2500, 2563; dat. sg. æt (tō) sæcce,
+954, 1619, 1666, 2613, 2660, 2682, 2687; gen. sg. secce, 601; gen. pl.
+sæcca, 2030.
+
+ge-sacu, st. f., _strife, enmity_: nom. sg., 1738.
+
+sadol, st. m., _saddle_: nom. sg., 1039.
+
+sadol-beorht, adj., _with bright saddles_ (?): acc. pl. sadol-beorht, 2176.
+
+ge-saga. See secgan.
+
+samne, somne, adv., _together, united_; in æt-somne, _together, united_,
+307, 402, 491, 544, 2848.
+
+tō-somne (_together_), 3123; þā se wyrm ge-bēah snūde tō-somne (_when the
+dragon quickly coiled together_), 2569.
+
+samod, somod: I. adv., _simultaneously, at the same time_: somod, 1212,
+1615, 2175, 2988; samod, 2197; samod æt-gædere, 387, 730, 1064.--II. prep.
+w. dat., _with, at the same time with_: samod ǣr-dæge (_with the break of
+day_), 1312; somod ǣr-dæge, 2943.
+
+sand, st. n., _sand, sandy shore_: dat. sg. on sande, 295, 1897, 3043(?);
+æfter sande (_along the shore_), 1965; wið sande, 213.
+
+sang, st. m., _song, cry, noise_: nom. sg. sang, 1064; swutol sang scopes,
+90; acc. sg. sige-lēasne sang (Grendel's cry of woe), 788; sārigne sang
+(Hrēðel's dirge for Herebeald), 2448.
+
+sāl, st. m., _rope_: dat. sg. sāle, 1907; on sāle (sole, MS.), 302.
+
+sāl. See sǣl.
+
+sār, st. n., _wound, pain_ (physical or spiritual): nom. sg. sār, 976; sīo
+sār, 2469; acc. sg. sār, 788; sāre, 2296; dat. (instr.) sg. sāre, 1252,
+2312, 2747.--Comp. līc-sār.
+
+sār, adj., _sore, painful_: instr. pl. sārum wordum, 2059.
+
+sāre, adv., _sorely, heavily, ill_, graviter: sē þe him [sā]re gesceōd
+(_who injured him sorely_), 2224.
+
+sārig, adj., _painful, woeful_: acc. sg. sārigne sang, 2448.
+
+sārig-ferð, adj., _sore-hearted, grieved_: nom. sg. sārig-ferð (Wīglāf),
+2864.
+
+sārig-mōd, adj., _sorrowful-minded, saddened_: dat. pl. sārig-mōdum, 2943.
+
+sār-līc, adj., _painful_: nom. sg., 843; acc. sg. neut., 2110.
+
+sāwol, sāwl, st. f., _soul_ (the immortal principle as contrasted with līf,
+the physical life): nom. sg. sāwol, 2821; acc. sg. sāwle, 184, 802; hǣðene
+sāwle, 853; gen. sg. sāwele, 1743; sāwle, 2423.
+
+sāwl-berend, pres. part., _endowed with a soul, human being_: gen. pl.
+sāwl-berendra, 1005.
+
+sāwul-drēor, st. n., (blood gushing from the seat of the soul), _soul-gore,
+heart's blood, life's blood_: instr. sg. sāwul-drīore, 2694.
+
+sāwul-lēas, adj., _soulless, lifeless_: acc. sg. sāwol-lēasne, 1407;
+sāwul-lēasne, 3034.
+
+sæce, sæcce. See sacu.
+
+sæd, adj., _satiated, wearied_: in comp. hilde-sæd.
+
+sæl, st. n., _habitable space, house_, _hall_: dat. sg. sel, 167; sæl, 307,
+2076, 2265.
+
+sæld, st. n., _hall, king's hall_ or _palace_: acc. sg. geond þæt sæld
+(Heorot), 1281.
+
+sǣ, st. m. and f., _sea, ocean_: nom. sg., 579, 1224; acc. sg. on sīdne sǣ,
+507; ofer sǣ, 2381; ofer sǣ sīde, 2395; dat. sg. tō sǣ, 318; on sǣ, 544;
+dat. pl. be sǣm tweonum, 859, 1298, 1686, 1957.
+
+sǣ-bāt, st. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg., 634, 896.
+
+sǣ-cyning, st. m., _sea-king, king ruling the sea_: gen. pl. sǣ-cyninga,
+2383.
+
+sǣ-dēor, st. n., _sea-beast, sea-monster_: nom. sg., 1511.
+
+sǣ-draca, w. m., _sea-dragon_: acc. pl. sǣ-dracan, 1427.
+
+ge-sǣgan, w. v., _to fell, slay_: pret. part. hæfdon eal-fela eotena cynnes
+sweordum ge-sǣged (_felled with the sword_), 885.
+
+sǣge. See on-sǣge.
+
+sǣ-genga, w. m., _sea-goer_, i.e. sea-going ship: nom. sg., 1883, 1909.
+
+sǣ-gēap, adj., _spacious_ (broad enough for the sea): nom. sg. sǣ-gēap
+naca, 1897.
+
+sǣ-grund, st. m., _sea-bottom, ocean-bottom_: dat. sg. sǣ-grunde, 564.
+
+sǣl, sāl, sēl, st. f.: 1) _favorable opportunity, good_ or _fit time_: nom.
+sg. sǣl, 623, 1666, 2059; sǣl and mǣl, 1009; acc. sg. sēle, 1136; gen. pl.
+sǣla and mǣla, 1612.--2) _Fate_(?): see Note on l. 51.--3) _happiness,
+joy_: dat. pl. on sālum, 608; sǣlum, 644, 1171, 1323. See sēl, adj.
+
+ge-sǣlan, w. v., _to turn out favorably, succeed_: pret. sg. him ge-sǣlde
+þæt ...(_he was fortunate enough to_, etc.), 891; so, 574; efne swylce
+mǣla, swylce hira man-dryhtne þearf ge-sǣlde (_at such times as need
+disposed it for their lord_), 1251.
+
+sǣlan (see sāl), w. v., _to tie, bind_: pret. sg. sǣlde ... sīð-fæðme scip,
+1918; pl. sǣ-wudu sǣldon, 226.
+
+ge-sǣlan, _to bind together, weave, interweave_: pret. part. earm-bēaga
+fela searwum ge-sǣled (_many curiously interwoven armlets_, i.e. made of
+metal wire: see Guide to Scandinavian Antiquities, p. 48), 2765.
+
+on-sǣlan, with acc., _to unbind, unloose, open_: on-sǣl meoto, sige-hrēð
+secgum (_disclose thy views to the men, thy victor's courage_; or, _thy
+presage of victory_?), 489.
+
+sǣ-lāc, st. n., _sea-gift, sea-booty_: instr. sg. sǣ-lāce, 1625; acc. pl.
+þās sǣ-lāc, 1653.
+
+sǣ-lād, st. f., _sea-way, sea-journey_: dat. sg. sǣ-lāde, 1140, 1158.
+
+sǣ-līðend, pres. part., _seafarer_: nom. pl. sǣ-līðend, 411, 1819, 2807;
+sǣ-līðende, 377.
+
+sǣ-man, m., _sea-man, sea-warrior_: dat. pl. sǣ-mannum, 2955; gen. pl.
+sǣ-manna, 329 (both times said of the Gēatas).
+
+sǣmra, weak adj. compar., _the worse, the weaker_: nom. sg. sǣmra, 2881;
+dat. sg. sǣmran, 954.
+
+sǣ-mēðe, adj., _sea-weary, exhausted by sea-travel_: nom. pl. sǣ-mēðe, 325.
+
+sǣ-næs, st. m., _sea-promontory, cape, naze_: acc. pl. sǣ-næssas, 223, 571.
+
+sǣne, adj., _careless, slow_: compar. sg. nom. hē on holme wæs sundes þē
+sǣnra, þē hyne swylt fornam (_was the slower in swimming in the sea, whom
+death took away_), 1437.
+
+sǣ-rinc, st. m., _sea-warrior_ or _hero_: nom. sg., 691.
+
+sǣ-sīð, st. m., _sea-way, path, journey_: dat. sg. æfter sǣ-sīðe, 1150.
+
+sǣ-wang, st. m., _sea-shore_ or _beach_: acc. sg. sǣ-wong, 1965.
+
+sǣ-weal, st. m., _(sea-wall), seashore_: dat. sg. sǣ-wealle, 1925.
+
+sǣ-wudu, st. m., _(sea-wood), vessel, ship_: acc. sg. sǣ-wudu, 226.
+
+sǣ-wylm, st. m., _sea-surf, billow_: acc. pl. ofer sǣ-wylmas, 393.
+
+scacan, sceacan, st. v., properly, _to shake one's self_; hence, _to go,
+glide, pass along_ or _away_: pres. sg. þonne mīn sceaceð līf of līce,
+2743; inf. þā cōm beorht [sunne] scacan [ofer grundas], (_the bright sun
+came gliding over the fields_), 1804; pret. sg. duguð ellor scōc _(the
+chiefs are gone elsewhither_, i.e. have died), 2255; þonne strǣla storm ...
+scōc ofer scild-weall (_when the storm of arrows leapt over the wall of
+shields_), 3119; pret. part. wæs hira blǣd scacen (_their bravest men had
+passed away_), 1125; þā wæs winter scacen (_the winter was past_), 1137;
+so, sceacen, 2307, 2728.
+
+scadu, sceadu, st. f., _shadow, concealing veil of night_: acc. sg. under
+sceadu bregdan (i.e. kill), 708.
+
+scadu-genga, w. m., _shadow-goer, twilight-stalker_ (of Grendel): nom. sg.
+sceadu-genga, 704.
+
+scadu-helm, st. m., _shadow-helm, veil of darkness_: gen. pl. scadu-helma
+ge-sceapu (_shapes of the shadow, evil spirits wandering by night_), 651.
+
+scalu, st. f., _retinue, band_ (part of an armed force); in comp.
+hand-scalu: mid his hand-scale (hond-scole), 1318, 1964.
+
+scamian, w. v., _to be ashamed_: pres. part. nom. pl. scamiende, 2851; nō
+hē þǣre feoh-gyfte ... scamigan þorfte (_needed not be ashamed of his
+treasure-giving_), 1027.
+
+scawa (see scēawlan), w. m., _observer, visitor_: nom. pl. scawan, 1896.
+
+ge-scād, st. n., _difference, distinction_: acc. sg. ǣg-hwæðres gescād,
+worda and worca (_difference between, of, both words and deeds_), 288.
+
+ge-scādan, st. v., _to decide, adjudge_: pret. sg. rodera rǣdend hit on
+ryht gescēd (_decided it in accordance with right_), 1556.
+
+scānan? See scīnan, pret. pl. scionon, 303; the imaginary scānan having
+been abandoned.
+
+ge-scæp-hwīle, st. f., _fated hour, hour of death (appointed rest?)_: dat.
+sg. tō gescæp-hwīle (_at the fated hour_), 26.
+
+sceððan, w. v., _to scathe, injure_: inf. w. dat. pers., 1034; aldre
+sceððan (_hurt her life_), 1525; þæt on land Dena lāðra nǣnig mid scipherge
+sceððan ne meahte (_injure through robber incursions_), 243; pret. sg. þǣr
+him nǣnig wæter wihte ne sceðede, 1515.
+
+ge-sceððan, the same: inf. þæt him ... ne mihte eorres inwit-feng aldre
+gesceððan, 1448.
+
+scenc, st. m., _vessel, can_: in comp. medu-scenc.
+
+scencan, w. v., _to hand drink, pour out_: pret. sg. scencte scīr wered,
+496 (cf. skinker = cup-bearer).
+
+scenne, w. f.?, _sword-guard?_: dat. pl. on þǣm scennum scīran goldes,
+1695.
+
+sceran, st. v., _to shear off, cleave, hew to pieces_: pres. sg. þonne
+heoru bunden ... swīn ofer helme andweard scireð (_hews off the boar-head
+on the helm_), 1288.
+
+ge-sceran, _to divide, hew in two_: pret. sg. helm oft ge-scær (_often
+clove the helm in two_), 1527; so, gescer, 2974.
+
+scerwen, st. f.?, in comp. ealu-scerwen (_ale-scare_ or _panic_?), 770.
+
+scēt. See scēotan.
+
+sceadu. See scadu.
+
+sceaða, w. m.: 1) _scather, foe_: gen. pl. sceaðena, 4.--2) _fighter,
+warrior_: nom. pl. scaðan, 1804.--Comp.: attor-, dol-, fēond-, gūð-,
+hearm-, lēod-, mān-, sin-, þēod-, ūht-sceaða.
+
+sceaðan, st. v. w. dat., _to scathe, injure, crush_: pret. sg. sē þe oft
+manegum scōd (_which has oft oppressed many_), 1888.
+
+ge-sceaðan, w. dat., the same: pret. sg. swā him ǣr gescōd hild æt Heorote,
+1588; sē þe him sāre ge-sceōd (_who injured him sorely_), 2224; nō þȳ ǣr
+in gescōd hālan līce, 1503; bill ǣr gescōd eald-hlāfordes þām þāra māðma
+mund-bora wæs (_the weapon of the ancient chieftain had before laid low the
+dragon, the guardian of the treasure_), 2778 (or, _sheathed in brass_?, if
+ǣr and gescōd form compound).
+
+sceaðen-mǣl, st. n., _deadly weapon, hostile sword_: nom. sg., 1940.
+
+sceaft, st. m., _shaft, spear, missile_: nom. sg. sceft, 3119.--Comp.:
+here-, wæl-sceaft.
+
+ge-sceaft, st. f.: 1) _creation, earth, earthly existence_: acc. sg. þās
+lǣnan ge-sceaft, 1623.--2) _fate, destiny_: in comp. forð-, līf-,
+mǣl-gesceaft.
+
+scealc, st. m., _servant, military retainer_: nom. sg., 919; (of Bēowulf),
+940.--Comp bēor-scealc.
+
+ge-sceap, st. n.: 1) _shape, creature_: nom. pl. scadu-helma ge-sceapu,
+651.--2) _fate, providence_: acc. sg. hēah ge-sceap (_heavy fate_), 3085.
+
+sceapan, sceppan, scyppan, st. v., _to shape, create, order, arrange,
+establish_: pres. part. scyppend (_the Creator_), 106; pret. sg. scōp him
+Heort naman (_shaped, gave, it the name Heorot_), 78; pres. part. wæs sīo
+wrōht scepen heard wið Hūgas, syððan Hygelāc cwōm (_the contest with the
+Hūgas became sharp after H. had come_), 2915.
+
+ge-sceapan, _to shape, create_: pret. sg. līf ge-sceōp cynna gehwylcum, 97.
+
+scear, st. m., _massacre_: in comp. gūð-, inwit-scear, 2429, etc.
+
+scearp, adj., _sharp, able, brave_: nom. sg. scearp scyld-wiga,
+288.--Comp.: beadu-, heaðo-scearp.
+
+scearu, st. f., _division, body, troop_: in comp. folc-scearu; _that is
+decided_ or _determined_, in gūð-scearu (_overthrow_?), 1214.
+
+sceat, st. m., _money_; also _unit of value in appraising_ (cf. Rieger in
+Zacher's Zeits. 3, 415): acc. pl. sceattas, 1687. When numbers are given,
+sceat appears to be left out, cf. 2196, 2995 (see þūsend).--Comp.
+gif-sceat.
+
+scēat, st. m., _region, field_: acc. pl. gefrætwade foldan scēatas leomum
+and lēafum, 96;--_top, surface, part_: gen. pl. eorðan scēata, 753.
+
+scēawere, st. m., _observer, spy_: nom. pl. scēaweras, 253.
+
+scēawian, w. v. w. acc., _to see, look at, observe_: inf. scēawian, 841,
+1414, 2403, 2745, 3009, 3033; scēawigan, 1392; pres. sg. II. þæt gē genōge
+nēan scēawiað bēagas and brād gold, 3105; subj. pres. þæt ic ... scēawige
+swegle searo-gimmas, 2749; pret. sg. scēawode, 1688, 2286, 2794; sg. for
+pl., 844; pret. pl. scēawedon, 132, 204, 984, 1441.
+
+ge-scēawian, _to see, behold, observe_: pret. part. ge-scēawod, 3076, 3085.
+
+sceorp, st. n., _garment_: in comp. hilde-sceorp.
+
+scēotan, st. v., _to shoot, hurl missiles_: pres. sg. sē þe of flān-bogan
+fyrenum scēoteð, 1745; pres. part. nom. pl. scēotend (_the warriors,
+bowmen_), 704, 1155; dat. pl. for scēotendum (MS. scotenum), 1027.
+
+ge-scēotan, w. acc., _to shoot off, hurry_: pret. sg. hord eft gescēat
+(_the dragon darted again back to the treasure_), 2320.
+
+of-scēotan, _to kill by shooting_: pret. sg. his mǣg of-scēt ... blōdigan
+gāre _(killed his brother with bloody dart_), 2440.
+
+scild, scyld, st. m., _shield_: nom. sg. scyld, 2571; acc. sg. scyld, 437,
+2076; acc. pl. scyldas, 325, 333, 2851.
+
+scildan, scyldan, w. v., _to shield, protect_: pret. subj. nymðe mec god
+scylde (_if God had not shielded me_), 1659.
+
+scild-freca, w. m., _shield-warrior_ (warrior armed with a shield): nom.
+sg. scyld-freca, 1034.
+
+scild-weall, st. m., _wall of shields_: acc. sg. scild-weall, 3119.
+
+scild-wiga, w. m., _shield-warrior_: nom. sg. scyld-wiga, 288.
+
+scinna, w. m., _apparition, evil spirit_: dat. pl. scynnum, 940.
+
+scip, st. n., _vessel, ship_: nom. sg., 302; acc. sg., 1918; dat. sg. tō
+scipe, 1896; gen. sg. scipes, 35, 897; dat pl. tō scypum (scypon, MS.),
+1155.
+
+scip-here, st. m., (exercitus navalis) _armada, fleet_: dat. sg. mid
+scip-herge, 243.
+
+ge-scīfe (for ge-scȳfe), adj., _advancing_ (of the dragon's movement),
+2571; = G. _schief_?
+
+scīnan, st. v., _to shine, flash_: pres. sg. sunne ... sūðan scīneð, 607;
+so, 1572; inf. geseah blācne lēoman beorhte scīnan, 1518; pret. sg.
+(gūð-byrne, woruld--candel) scān, 321, 1966; on him byrne scān, 405; pret.
+pl. gold-fāg scinon web æfter wāgum, 995; scionon, 303.
+
+scīr, adj., _sheer, pure, shining_: nom. sg. hring-īren scīr, 322; scīr
+metod, 980; acc. sg. n. scīr wered, 496; gen. sg. scīran goldes, 1695.
+
+scīr-ham, adj., _bright-armored, clad in bright mail_: nom. pl. scīr-hame,
+1896.
+
+scoten. See scēoten.
+
+ge-scōd, pret. part., _shod_ (calceatus), _covered_: in comp.
+ǣr-ge-scōd(?). See ge-sceaðan, and Note.
+
+scop, st. m., _singer, shaper, poet_: nom. sg., 496, 1067; gen. sg. scopes,
+90.
+
+scræf, st. n., _hole in the earth, cavern_: in comp. eorð-scræf.
+
+scrīðan, st. v., _to stride, go_: pres. pl. scrīðað, 163; inf. scrīðan,
+651, 704; scrīðan tō, 2570.
+
+scrīfan, st. v., _to prescribe, impose_ (punishment): inf. hū him (Grendel)
+scīr metod scrīfan wille, 980.
+
+for-scrīfan, w. dat. pers., _to proscribe, condemn_: pret. part. siððan him
+scyppend for-scrifen hæfde, 106.
+
+ge-scrīfan, _to permit, prescribe_: pret. sg. swā him Wyrd ne ge-scrāf (_as
+Weird did not permit him_), 2575.
+
+scrūd, st. m., _clothing, covering; ornament_: in comp. beadu-,
+byrdu-scrūd.
+
+scucca, w. m., _shadowy sprite, demon_: dat. pl. scuccum, 940.
+
+sculan, aux. v. w. inf.: 1) _shall, must_ (obligation): pres. sg. I., III.
+sceal, 20, 24, 183, 251, 271, 287, 440, 978, 1005, 1173, 1387, 1535, etc.;
+scel, 455, 2805, 3011; II. scealt, 589, 2667; subj. pres. scyle, 2658;
+scile, 3178; pret. ind. sg. I., III. scolde, 10, 806, 820, 966, 1071, 1444,
+1450, etc.; sceolde, 2342, 2409, 2443, 2590, 2964; II. sceoldest, 2057; pl.
+scoldon, 41, 833, 1306, 1638; subj. pret. scolde, 1329, 1478; sceolde,
+2709.--2) w. inf. following it expresses futurity, = _shall, will_: pres.
+sg. I., III. sceal bēodan (_shall offer_), 384; so, 424, 438, 602, 637,
+1061, 1707, 1856, 1863, 2070; sceall, 2499, 2509, etc.; II. scealt, 1708;
+pl. wit sculon, 684; subj. pret. scolde, 280, 692, 911; sceolde, 3069.--3)
+sculan sometimes forms a periphrastic phrase or circumlocution for a simple
+tense, usually with a slight feeling of obligation or necessity: pres. sg.
+hē ge-wunian sceall (_he inhabits; is said to inhabit?_), 2276; pret. sg.
+sē þe wæter-egesan wunian scolde, 1261; wæcnan scolde (_was to awake_), 85;
+sē þone gomelan grētan sceolde (_was to, should, approach_), 2422; þæt se
+byrn-wiga būgan sceolde (_the corseleted warrior had to bow, fell_), 2919;
+pl. þā þe beado-grīman bȳwan sceoldon (_they that had to polish or deck
+the battle-masks_), 2258; so, 230, 705, 1068.--4) w. omitted inf., such as
+wesan, gangan: unc sceal worn fela māðma ge-mǣnra (i.e. wesan). 1784; so,
+2660; sceal se hearda helm ... fǣtum befeallen (i.e. wesan), 2256; ic him
+æfter sceal (i.e. gangan), 2817; subj. þonne þū forð scyle (i.e. gangan),
+1180. A verb or inf. expressed in an antecedent clause is not again
+expressed with a subsequent sceal: gǣð ā Wyrd swā hīo scel (_Weird goeth
+ever as it shall_ [go]), 455; gūð-bill ge-swāc swā hit nō sceolde (i.e.
+ge-swīcan), 2586.
+
+scūa, w. m., _shadowy demon_: in comp. dēað-scūa.
+
+scūfan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to move forward, hasten_: pret. part. þā wæs
+morgen-lēoht scofen and scynded, 919.--2) w. acc., _to shove, push_: pret.
+pl. guman ūt scufon ... wudu bundenne (_pushed the vessel from the land_),
+215; dracan scufun ... ofer weall-clif (_pushed the dragon over the
+wall-like cliff_), 3132. See wīd-scofen(?)
+
+be-scūfan, w. acc., _to push, thrust down, in_: inf. wā bið þǣm þe sceal
+... sāwle be-scūfan in fȳres fæðm (_woe to him that shall thrust his soul
+into fire's embrace_), 184.
+
+scūr, st. m., _shower, battle-shower_: in comp. īsern-scūr.
+
+scūr-heard, adj., _fight-hardened? (file-hardened?_): nom. pl. scūr-heard,
+1034.
+
+scyld, scyldan. See scild, scildan.
+
+scyldig, adj., _under obligations_ or _bound for; guilty of_, w. gen. and
+instr.: ealdres (morðres) scyldig, 1339, 1684, 2062; synnum scyldig
+(_guilty of evil deeds_), 3072.
+
+scyndan, w. v., _to hasten_: inf. scyndan, 2571; pret. part, scynded, 919
+
+scynna. See scinna.
+
+scyppend. See sceapan.
+
+scȳran, w. v., _to arrange, decide_: inf. þæt hit sceaðen-mǣl scȳran
+mōste (_that the sword must decide it_), 1940. O.N. skora, _to score,
+decide_.
+
+scȳne, adj., _sheen, well-formed, beautiful_: nom. sg. mægð scȳne, 3017.
+
+sē, se, pron. dem. and article, _the_: m. nom., 79, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92,
+102, etc.; fem, sēo, 66, 146, etc.; neut. þæt;--relative: sē (_who_), 1611,
+2866; sē þe (_he who_), 2293; sēo þe (_she who_), 1446; sē þe (for sēo þe),
+1345, 1888, 2686; cf. 1261, 1498; (Grendel's mother, as a wild, demonic
+creature, is conceived now as man, now as woman: woman, as having borne a
+son; man, as the incarnation of savage cunning and power); se for sēo,
+2422; dat. sg. þām (for þām þe), 2780.
+
+secce. See sacu.
+
+secg, st. m., _man, warrior, hero, spokesman_ (secgan?): nom. sg., 208,
+872, 2228, 2407, etc.; (Bēowulf), 249, 948, 1312, 1570, 1760, etc.;
+(Wulfgār), 402; (Hunferð), 981; (Wīglāf), 2864; acc. sg. sinnigne secg
+(Grendel's mother, cf. se), 1380; dat. sg. secge, 2020; nom. pl. secgas,
+213, 2531, 3129; dat. pl. secgum, 490; gen. pl. secga, 634, 843, 997, 1673.
+
+secg, st. f., _sword_ (sedge?): acc. sg. secge, 685.
+
+secgan, w. v., _to say, speak_: 1) w. acc.: pres. sg. gode ic þanc secge,
+1998; so, 2796; pres. part. swā se secg hwata secgende wæs lāðra spella
+(partitive gen.), 3029; inf. secgan, 582, 876, 881, 1050; pret. sg. sægde
+him þæs lēanes þanc, 1810; pret. sg. II. hwæt þū worn fela ... sægdest from
+his sīðe, 532.--2) without acc inf. swā wē sōðlīce secgan hȳrdon, 273;
+pret. sg. sægde, 2633, 2900--3) w. depend. clause: pres. sg. ic secge, 591;
+pl. III. secgað, 411; inf. secgan, 51, 391, 943, 1347, 1701, 1819, 2865,
+3027; gerund. tō secganne, 473, 1725; pret. sg. sægde, 90, 1176; pl.
+sægdon, 377, 2188; sǣdan, 1946.
+
+ā-secgan (edicere), _to say out, deliver_: inf. wille ic ā-secgan suna
+Healfdenes ... mīn ǣrende, 344.
+
+ge-secgan, _to say, relate_: imper. sg. II. ge-saga, 388; þæt ic his ǣrest
+þē eft ge-sægde (_that I should, after, tell thee its origin_), 2158; pret.
+part. gesægd, 141; gesǣd, 1697.
+
+sefa, w. m., _heart, mind, soul, spirit_: nom. sg., 49, 490, 595, 2044,
+2181, 2420, 2601, 2633; acc. sg. sefan, 278, 1727, 1843; dat. sg. sefan,
+473, 1343, 1738.--Comp. mōd-sefa.
+
+ge-segen, st. f., _legend, tale_: in comp. eald-ge-segen.
+
+segl, st. n., _sail_: nom. sg., 1907.
+
+segl-rād, st. f., _sail-road_, i.e. sea: dat. sg. on segl-rāde, 1430.
+
+segn, st. n., _banner_, vexillum: nom. sg., 2768, 2959; acc. sg. segen, 47,
+1022; segn, 2777; dat. sg. under segne, 1205.--Comp. hēafod-segn.
+
+sel, st. n., _hall, palace_. See sæl.
+
+seld, st. n., _dwelling, house_: in comp. medu-seld.
+
+ge-selda, w. m., contubernalis, _companion_: acc. sg. geseldan, 1985.
+
+seldan, adv., _seldom_: oft [nō] seldan, 2030.
+
+seld-guma, w. m., _house-man, home-stayer(?); common man?, house-carl?_:
+nom. sg., 249.
+
+sele, st. m. and n., _building consisting of one apartment; apartment,
+room_: nom. sg., 81, 411; acc. sg. sele, 827, 2353; dat. sg. tō sele, 323,
+1641; in (on, tō) sele þām hēan, 714, 920, 1017, 1985; on sele (_in the den
+of the dragon_), 3129.--Comp.: bēah-, bēor-, dryht-, eorð-, gest-, gold-,
+grund-, gūð-, hēah-, hring-, hrōf-, nið-, win-sele.
+
+sele-drēam, st. m., _hall-glee, joy in the hall_: acc. sg. þāra þe þis līf
+ofgeaf, gesāwon sele-drēam (referring to the joy of heaven?), 2253.
+
+sele-ful, st. n., _hall-goblet_: acc. sg., 620.
+
+sele-gyst, st. m., _hall-guest, stranger in hall_ or _house_: acc. sg. þone
+sele-gyst, 1546.
+
+sele-rǣdend, pres. part., _hall-ruler, possessor of the hall_: nom. pl.,
+51; acc. lēode mīne sele-rǣdende, 1347.
+
+sele-rest, st. f., _bed in the hall_: acc. sg. sele-reste, 691.
+
+sele-þegn, st. m., _retainer, hall-thane, chamberlain_: nom. sg., 1795.
+
+sele-weard, st. m., _hall-ward, guardian of the hall_: acc. sg., 668.
+
+self, sylf, pron., _self_: nom. sg. strong form, self, 1314, 1925 (?
+selfa); þū self, 595; þū þē self, 954; self cyning (_the king himself, the
+king too_), 921, 1011; sylf, 1965; in weak form, selfa, 1469; hē selfa, 29,
+1734; þǣm þe him selfa dēah (_that can rely upon, trust to, himself_),
+1840; seolfa, 3068; hē sylfa, 505; god sylfa, 3055; acc. sg. m. selfne,
+1606; hine selfne (_himself_), 962; hyne selfne (_himself_, reflex.), 2876;
+wið sylfne (_beside_), 1978; gen. sg. m. selfes, 701, 896; his selfes,
+1148; on sīnne sylfes dōm (_at his own will_), 2148; sylfes, 2224, 2361,
+2640, 2711, 2777, 3014; his sylfes, 2014, 2326; fem. hire selfre, 1116;
+nom. pl. selfe, 419; Sūð-Dene sylfe, 1997.
+
+ge-sella, w. m., _house-companion, comrade_: in comp. hand-gesella.
+
+sellan, syllan, w. v.: 1) w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to give,
+deliver; permit, grant, present_: pres. sg. III. seleð him on ēðle eorðan
+wynne, 1731; inf. syllan, 2161, 2730; pret. sg. sealde, 72, 673, 1272,
+1694, 1752, 2025, 2156, 2183, 2491, 2995; nefne god sylfa sealde þām þe hē
+wolde hord openian (_unless God himself gave to whom he would to open the
+hoard_), 3056; pret. sg. II. sealdest, 1483.--2) _to give, give up_ (only
+w. acc. of thing): ǣr hē feorh seleð (_he prefers to give up his life_),
+1371; nallas on gylp seleð fǣtte bēagas (_giveth out gold-wrought rings_,
+etc.), 1750; pret. sg. sinc-fato sealde, 623; pl. byrelas sealdon wīn of
+wunder-fatum, 1162.
+
+ge-sellan, w. acc. and dat. of pers., _to give, deliver; grant, present_:
+inf. ge-sellan, 1030; pret. sg. ge-sealde, 616, 1053, 1867, 1902, 2143,
+etc.
+
+sel-līc, syl-līc (from seld-līc), adj., _strange, wondrous_: nom. sg. glōf
+... syllīc, 2087; acc. sg. n. syllīc spell, 2110; acc. pl. sellīce
+sǣ-dracan, 1427. Compar. acc. sg. syllīcran wiht (the dragon), 3039.
+
+semninga, adv., _straightway, at once_ 645, 1641, 1768.
+
+sendan, w. v. w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers., _to send_: pret. sg. þone
+god sende folce tō frōfre (_whom God sent as a comfort to the people_), 13;
+so, 471, 1843.
+
+for-sendan, _to send away, drive off_ pret. part. hē wearð on fēonda
+geweald ... snūde for-sended, 905.
+
+on-sendan, _to send forth, away_, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.:
+imper. sg. on-send, 452, 1484; pret. sg. on-sende, 382; pl. þē hine ...
+forð on-sendon ǣnne ofer ȳðe (_who sent him forth alone over the sea_),
+45; pret. part. bealo-cwealm hafað fela feorh-cynna feorr on-sended, 2267.
+
+sendan (cf. Gl. Aldhelm, sanda = ferculorum, epularum, in Haupt IX. 444),
+w. v., _to feast, banquet_: pres. sg. III. sendeð, 601.--Leo.
+
+serce, syrce, w. f., _sark, shirt of mail_: nom. sg. syrce, 1112; nom. pl.
+syrcan, 226; acc. pl. grǣge syrcan, 334.--Comp.: beadu-, heoro-serce;
+here-, leoðo-, līc-syrce.
+
+sess, st. m., _seat, place for sitting_: dat. sg. sesse, 2718; þā hē bī
+sesse gēong (_by the seat_, i.e. before the dragon's lair), 2757.
+
+setl, st. n., _seat, settle_: acc. sg., 2014; dat. sg. setle, 1233, 1783,
+2020; gen. sg. setles, 1787; dat. pl. setlum, 1290.--Comp.: hēah-, hilde-,
+meodu-setl.
+
+settan, w. v., _to set_: pret. sg. setton sǣ-mēðe sīde scyldas ... wið þæs
+recedes weall (_the sea-wearied ones set their broad shields against the
+wall of the hall_), 325; so, 1243.
+
+ā-settan, _to set, place, appoint_: pret. pl. hīe him ā-setton segen
+[gyl]-denne hēah ofer hēafod, 47; pret. part. hæfde kyninga wuldor Grendle
+tō-gēanes ... sele-weard ā-seted, 668.
+
+be-settan, _to set with, surround_: pret. sg. (helm) besette swīn-līcum
+(_set the helm with swine-bodies_), 1454.
+
+ge-settan: 1) _to set, set down_: pret. part. swā wæs ...þurh rūn-stafas
+rihte ge-mearcod, ge-seted and ge-sǣd (_thus was ... in rune-staves rightly
+marked, set down and said_), 1697.--2) _to set, ordain, create_: pret. sg.
+ge-sette ... sunnan and mōnan lēoman tō lēohte land-būendum, 94.--3) =
+componere, _to lay aside, smooth over, appease_: pret. sg. þæt hē mid þȳ
+wīfe wæl-fǣhða ... dǣl ... ge-sette, 2030.
+
+sēcan, w. v., _to follow after_, hence: 1) _to seek, strive for_, w. acc.:
+pret. sg. sinc-fæt sōhte _(sought the costly cup_), 2301; ne sōhte
+searo-nīðas, 2739; so, 3068. Without acc.: þonne his myne sōhte (_than his
+wish demanded_), 2573; hord-weard sōhte georne æfter grunde (_the
+hoard-warden sought eagerly along the ground_), 2294.--2) _to look for,
+come_ or _go some whither, attain something_, w. acc.: pres. sg. III. sē þe
+... biorgas sēceð, 2273; subj. þēah þe hǣð-stapa holt-wudu sēce, 1370;
+imper. sēc gif þū dyrre (_look for her_, i.e. Grendel's mother, _if thou
+dare_), 1380; inf. sēcean, 200, 268, 646, 1598, 1870, 1990, 2514(?), 3103,
+etc.; sēcan, 665, 1451; drihten sēcean (_seek, go to, the Lord_), 187;
+sēcean wyn-lēas wīc (_Grendel was to seek a joyless place_, i.e. Hell),
+822; so, sēcan dēofla gedræg, 757; sāwle sēcan (_seek the life, kill_),
+802; so, sēcean sāwle hord, 2423; gerund. sæcce tō sēceanne, 2563; pret.
+sg. I., III. sōhte, 139, 208, 376, 417, 2224; II. sōhtest, 458; pl. sōhton,
+339.--3) _to seek, attack_: þē ūs sēceað tō Swēona lēode, 3002; pret. pl.
+hine wræc-mæcgas ofer sǣ sōhtan, 2381.
+
+ge-sēcan: 1) _to seek_, w. acc.: inf. gif hē gesēcean dear wīg ofer wǣpen,
+685.--2) _to look for, come_ or _go to attain_, w. acc.: inf. ge-sēcean,
+693; gerund, tō ge-sēcanne, 1923; pret. sg. ge-sōhte, 463, 520, 718, 1952;
+pret. part. nom. pl. feor-cȳððe bēoð sēlran ge-sōhte þām þe hine selfa
+dēah, 1840.--3) _to seek with hostile intent, to attack_: pres. sg.
+ge-sēceð 2516; pret. sg. ge-sōhte, 2347; pl. ge-sōhton, 2927; ge-sōhtan,
+2205.
+
+ofer-sēcan, w. acc., _to surpass, outdo_ (in an attack): pres. sg. wæs sīo
+hond tō strong, sē þe mēca gehwane ... swenge ofer-sōhte, þonne hē tō sæcce
+bær wǣpen wundrum heard (_too strong was the hand, that surpassed every
+sword in stroke, when he_ [Bēowulf] _bore the wondrous weapon to battle_,
+i.e. the hand was too strong for any sword; its strength made it useless in
+battle), 2687.
+
+sēl, st. f. See sǣl.
+
+sēl, sǣl, adj., _good, excellent, fit_, only in compar.: nom. sg. m. sēlra,
+861, 2194; þǣm þǣr sēlra wæs (_to the one that was the better_, i.e.
+Hygelāc), 2200; dēað bið sēlla þonne edwīt-līf, 2891; neut. sēlre, 1385;
+acc. sg. m. sēlran þē (_a better than thee_), 1851; sēlran, 1198; neut. þæt
+sēlre, 1760; dat. sg. m. sēlran sweord-frecan, 1469; nom. pl. fem. sēlran,
+1840. Superl., strong form: nom. sg. neut. sēlest, 173, 1060; hūsa sēlest,
+146, 285, 936; ofost is sēlest, 256; bolda sēlest, 2327; acc. sg. neut.
+hrægla sēlest, 454; hūsa sēlest, 659; billa sēlest, 1145;--weak form: nom.
+sg. m. reced sēlesta, 412; acc. sg. m. þone sēlestan, 1407, 2383; (þæs,
+MS.), 1957; dat. sg. m. þǣm sēlestan, 1686; nom. pl. sēlestan, 416; acc.
+pl. þā sēlestan, 3123.
+
+sēl, compar. adv., _better, fitter, more excellent_, 1013, 2531; ne byð him
+wihte þē sēl (_he shall be nought the better for it_), 2278; so, 2688.
+
+sealma (Frisian selma, in bed-selma), w. m., _bed-chamber, sleeping-place_:
+acc. sg. on sealman, 2461.
+
+sealt, adj., _salty_: acc. sg. neut. ofer sealt wæter (_the sea_), 1990.
+
+searo (G. sarwa, pl.), st. n.: 1) _armor, accoutrements, war-gear_: nom.
+pl. sǣ-manna searo, 329; dat. pl. secg on searwum (_a man, warrior, in
+panoply_), 249, 2701; in (on) searwum, 323, 1558; 2531, 2569; instr. pl.
+searwum, 1814.--2) _insidiae, ambuscade, waylaying, deception, battle_: þā
+ic of searwum cwōm, fāh from fēondum, 419.--3) _cunning, art, skill_:
+instr. pl. sadol searwum fāh (_saddle cunningly ornamented_), 1039;
+earmbēaga fela, searwum ge-sǣled (_many cunningly-linked armlets_),
+2765.--Comp. fyrd-, gūð-, inwit-searo.
+
+searo-bend, st. f., _band, bond, of curious workmanship_: instr. pl.
+searo-bendum fæst, 2087.
+
+searo-fāh, adj., _cunningly inlaid, ornamented, with gold_: nom. sg.
+here-byrne hondum ge-brōden, sīd and searo-fāh, 1445.
+
+searo-ge-þræc, st. n., _heap of treasure-objects_: acc. sg., 3103.
+
+searo-gim, st. m., _cunningly set gem, rich jewel_: acc. pl. searo-gimmas,
+2750; gen. pl. searo-gimma, 1158.
+
+searo-grim, adj., _cunning and fierce_: nom. sg., 595.
+
+searo-hæbbend, pres. part. as subst., _arms-bearing, warrior with his
+trappings_: gen. pl. searo-hæbbendra, 237.
+
+searo-net, st. n., _armor-net, shirt of mail, corselet_: nom. sg., 406.
+
+searo-nīð, st. m.: 1) _cunning hostility, plot, wiles_: acc. pl.
+searo-nīðas, 1201, 2739.--2) also, only _hostility, feud, contest_: acc.
+pl. searo-nīðas, 3068; gen. pl. searo-nīða, 582.
+
+searo-þanc, st. m., _ingenuity_: instr. pl. searo-þoncum, 776.
+
+searo-wundor, st. n., _rare wonder_: acc. sg., 921.
+
+seax, st. n., _shortsword, hip-knife; dagger_: instr. sg. seaxe,
+1546.--Comp. wæl-seax.
+
+seax-ben, st. f., _dagger-wound_: instr. pl. siex-bennum, 2905.
+
+seofon, num., _seven_, 517; seofan, 2196; decl. acc. syfone, 3123.
+
+seomian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to be tied; lie at rest_: inf. siomian, 2768;
+pret. sg. seomode, 302.--2) w. acc., _to put in bonds, entrap, catch_:
+pret. sg. duguðe and geogoðe seomade (cf. 2086-2092, 161.
+
+seonu, st. f., _sinew_: nom. pl. seonowe, 818.
+
+sēoc, adj., _feeble, weak; fatally ill_: nom. sg. feorh-bennum sēoc (of
+Bēowulf, _sick unto death_), 2741; siex-bennum sēoc (of the dead dragon),
+2905; nom. pl. mōdes sēoce (_sick of soul_), 1604.--Comp.: ellen-, feorh-,
+heaðo-sēoc.
+
+sēoðan, st. v. w. acc., _to seethe, boil_; figuratively, _be excited over,
+brood_: pret. sg. ic þæs mōd-ceare sorh-wylmum sēað (_I pined in
+heart-grief for that_), 1994; so, 190.
+
+seoloð, st. m.?, _bight, bay_ (cf. Dietrich in Haupt XI. 416): gen. pl.
+sioleða bi-gong (_the realm of bights_ = the [surface of the] sea?), 2368.
+
+sēon, sȳn, st. f., _aspect, sight_: in comp. wlite-, wundor-sēon, an-sȳn.
+
+sēon, st. v., _to see_: a) w. acc.: inf. searo-wunder sēon, 921; so, 387,
+1181, 1276, 3103; þǣr mæg nihta ge-hwǣm nīð-wundor sēon (_there may every
+night be seen a repulsive marvel_), 1366; pret. sg. ne seah ic ...
+heal-sittendra medudrēam māran, 2015.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.: ne
+seah ic elþēodige þus manige men mōdiglīcran, 336.--c) w. prep. or adv.:
+pret. sg. seah on enta ge-weorc, 2718; seah on un-lēofe, 2864; pl. folc tō
+sǣgon (_looked on_), 1423.
+
+ge-sēon, _to see, behold_: a) w. acc.: pres. sg. III. sē þe bēah ge-syhð,
+2042; inf. ge-sēon, 396, 571, 649, 962, 1079, etc.; pret. sg. geseah, 247,
+927, 1558, 1614; pl. ge-sāwon, 1606, 2253.--b) w. acc. and predicate adj.,
+pres. sg. III. ge-syhð ... on his suna būre win-sele wēstne (_sees in his
+son's house the wine-hall empty_; or, _hall of friends_?), 2456.--c) w.
+inf.: pret. sg. ge-seah ... beran ofer bolcan beorhte randas (_saw shining
+shields borne over the gang-plank_), 229; pret. pl. mǣre māððum-sweord
+monige ge-sāwon beforan beorn beran, 1024.--d) w. acc. and inf.: pret. sg.
+ge-seah, 729, 1517, 1586, 1663, 2543, 2605, etc.; pl. ge-sāwon, 221, 1348,
+1426; ge-sēgan, 3039; ge-sēgon, 3129.--e) w. depend, clause: inf. mæg þonne
+... gesēon sunu Hrēðles, þæt ic (_may the son of H. see that I..._), 1486;
+pret. pl. ge-sāwon, 1592.
+
+geond-sēon, _to see, look through, over_, w. acc.: pret. sg. (ic) þæt eall
+geond-seh, 3088.
+
+ofer-sēon, _to see clearly, plainly_: pret. pl. ofer-sāwon, 419.
+
+on-sēon, _to look on, at_, w. acc.: pret. pl. on-sāwon, 1651.
+
+sēowian, w. v., _to sew, put together, link_: pret. part. searo-net sēowed
+smiðes or-þancum (_the corselet woven by the smith's craft_), 406.
+
+sib, st. f., _peace, friendship, relationship_: nom. sg., 1165, 1858; sibb,
+2601; acc. sibbe, 950, 2432, 2923; instr. sg. sibbe (_in peace_?),
+154.--Comp.: dryht-, friðo-sib.
+
+sib-æðeling, st. m., _nobilis consanguineus, kindred prince_ or _nobleman_:
+nom. pl. -æðelingas, 2709.
+
+sibbe-gedryht, st. f., _body of allied_ or _related warriors_: acc. sg.
+sibbe-gedriht (the Danes), 387; (the Gēatas), 730.
+
+siððan, syððan: 1) adv.: a) _since, after, from now on, further_, 142, 149,
+283, 567, 1903, 2052, 2065, 2176, 2703, 2807, 2921; seoððan, 1876.--b)
+_then, thereupon, after_, 470, 686, 1454, 1557, 1690, 2208; seoððan, 1938;
+ǣr nē siððan (_neither before nor after_), 719.
+
+2) Conj.: a) w. ind. pres., _as soon as, when_, 413, 605, 1785, 2889,
+   2912.--b) w. ind. pret., _when, whilst_, 835, 851, 1205, 1207, 1421,
+   1590, 2357, 2961, 2971, 3128; seoððan, 1776;--_since_, 649, 657, 983,
+   1199, 1254, 1309, 2202;--_after_, either with pluperf.: siððan him
+   scyppend forscrifen hæfde (_after the Creator had proscribed him_), 106;
+   so, 1473; or with pret. = pluperf.: syððan niht becōm (_after night had
+   come on_), 115; so, 6, 132, 723, 887, 902, 1078, 1149, 1236, 1262, 1282,
+   1979, 2013, 2125; or pret. and pluperf. together, 2104-2105.
+
+siex. See seax.
+
+sige-dryhten, st. m., _lord of victory, victorious lord_: nom. sg.
+sige-drihten, 391.
+
+sige-ēadig, adj., _blest with victory, victorious_: acc. sg. neut.
+sige-ēadig bil, 1558.
+
+sige-folc, st. n., _victorious people, troop_: gen. pl. sige-folca, 645.
+
+sige-hrēð, st. f., _confidence of victory_(?): acc. sg., 490. See Note.
+
+sige-hrēðig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 94, 1598, 2757.
+
+sige-hwīl, st. f., _hour_ or _day of victory_: gen. sg. sige-hwīle, 2711.
+
+sige-lēas, adj., _devoid of victory, defeated_: acc. sg. sige-lēasne sang,
+788.
+
+sige-rōf, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg., 620.
+
+sige-þēod, st. f., _victorious warrior troop_: dat. sg. on sige-þēode,
+2205.
+
+sige-wǣpen, st. n., _victor-weapon, sword_: dat. pl. sige-wǣpnum, 805.
+
+sigl, st. n.: 1) _sun_: nom. sg. sigel, 1967.--2) _sun-shaped ornament_:
+acc. pl. siglu, 3165; sigle (bracteates of a necklace), 1201; gen. pl.
+sigla, 1158.--Comp. māððum-sigl.
+
+sigor, st. m., _victory_: gen. sg. sigores, 1022; gen. pl. sigora, 2876,
+3056.--Comp.: hrēð-, wīg-sigor.
+
+sigor-ēadig, adj., _victorious_: nom. sg. sigor-ēadig secg (of Bēowulf),
+1312, 2353.
+
+sin. See syn.
+
+sinc, st. n., _treasure, jewel, property_: nom. sg., 2765; acc. sg. sinc,
+81, 1205, 1486, 2384, 2432; instr. sg. since, 1039, 1451, 1616, 1883, 2218,
+2747; gen. sg. sinces, 608, 1171, 1923, 2072; gen. pl. sinca, 2429.
+
+sinc-fāh, adj., _treasure-decked_: acc. sg. neut. weak form, sinc-fāge sel,
+167.
+
+sinc-fæt, st. n., _costly vessel_: acc. sg., 2232, 2301;--_a costly
+object_: acc. sg., 1201 (i.e. mene); acc. pl. sinc-fato, 623.
+
+sinc-ge-strēon, st. n., _precious treasure, jewel of value _: instr. pl.
+-gestrēonum, 1093; gen. pl. -gestrēona, 1227.
+
+sinc-gifa, w. m., _jewel-giver, treasure-giver = prince, ruler_: acc. sg.
+sinc-gyfan, 1013; dat. sg. sinc-gifan (of Bēowulf), 2312; (of Æschere),
+1343.
+
+sinc-māððum, st. m., _treasure_: nom. sg., 2194.
+
+sinc-þego, f., _acceptance, taking, of jewels_: nom. sg., 2885.
+
+sin-dolh, st. n., _perpetual_, i.e. incurable, _wound_: nom. sg. syn-dolh,
+818.
+
+sin-frēa, w. m., _wedded lord, husband_: nom. sg., 1935.
+
+sin-gāl, adj., _continual, lasting_: acc. sg. fem, sin-gāle sæce, 154.
+
+sin-gāles, adv. gen. sg., _continually, ever_, 1778; syngales, 1136.
+
+singāla, adv. gen. pl., the same, 190.
+
+singan, st. v., _to sound, ring, sing_: pret. sg. hring-īren scīr song in
+searwum (_the ringed iron rang in the armor_), 323; horn stundum song
+fūs-līc f[yrd]-lēoð (_at times the horn rang forth a ready battle-song_),
+1424; scop hwīlum sang (_the singer sang at whiles_), 496.
+
+ā-singan, _to sing out, sing to an end_: pret. part. lēoð wæs ā-sungen,
+1160.
+
+sin-here, st. m., (_army without end_?), _strong army, host_: instr. sg.
+sin-herge, 2937.
+
+sin-niht, st. f., _perpetual night, night after night_: acc. pl. sin-nihte
+(_night after night_), 161.
+
+sin-sceaða, w. m., _irreconcilable foe_: nom. sg. syn-scaða, 708; acc. sg.
+syn-scaðan, 802.
+
+sin-snǣd, st. f., (_continuous biting_) _bite after bite_: dat. pl.
+syn-snǣdum swealh (_swallowed bite after bite, in great bites_), 744.
+
+sittan, st. v.: 1) _to sit_: pres. sg. Wīglāf siteð ofer Bīowulfe, 2907;
+imper. sg. site nū tō symle, 489; inf. þǣr swið-ferhðe sittan ēodon
+(_whither the strong-minded went and sat_), 493; ēode ... tō hire frēan
+sittan (_went to sit by her lord_), 642; pret. sg. on wicge sæt (_sat on
+the horse_), 286; æt fōtum sæt (_sat at the feet_), 500, 1167; þǣr Hrōðgār
+sæt (_where H. sat_), 356; so, 1191, 2895; hē gewērgad sæt ... frēan eaxlum
+nēah, 2854; pret. pl. sǣton, 1165; gistas sētan (MS. sēcan) ... and on mere
+staredon (_the strangers sat and stared on the sea_), 1603.--2) _to be in a
+certain state_ or _condition_ (_quasi_ copula): pret. sg. mǣre þēoden ...
+unblīðe sæt, 130.--Comp.: flet-, heal-sittend.
+
+be-sittan, obsidere, _to surround, besiege_, w. acc.: besæt þā sin-herge
+sweorda lāfe wundum wērge (_then besieged he with a host the leavings of
+the sword, wound-weary_), 2937.
+
+for-sittan, obstrui, _to pass away, fail_: pres. sg. ēagena bearhtm
+for-siteð (_the light of the eyes passeth away_), 1768.
+
+ge-sittan: 1) _to sit, sit together_: pret. sg. monig-oft ge-sæt rīce to
+rūne (_very often sat the king deliberating with his council_ (see rīce),
+171; wið earm ge-sæt (_supported himself upon his arm, sat on his arm_?),
+750; fēða eal ge-sæt (_the whole troop sat down_), 1425; ge-sæt þā wið
+sylfne (_sat there beside, near to, him_, i.e. Hygelāc), 1978;
+
+ge-sæt þā on næsse, 2418; so, 2718; pret. part. (syððan) ... wē tō symble
+ge-seten hæfdon, 2105.--2) w. acc., _to seat one's self upon_ or _in
+something, to board_: pret. sg. þā ic ... sǣ-bāt ge-sæt, 634.
+
+of-sittan, w. acc., _to sit over_ or _upon_: pret. sg. of-sæt þā þone
+sele-gyst, 1546.
+
+ofer-sittan, w. acc., _to dispense with, refrain from_ (cf. ofer, 2 [c]):
+pres. sg. I. þæt ic wið þone gūð-flogan gylp ofer-sitte, 2529; inf. secge
+ofer-sittan, 685.
+
+on-sittan (O.H.G. int-sizzan, _to start from one's seat, to be startled_),
+w. acc., _to fear_: inf. þā fǣhðe, atole ecg-þræce ēower lēode sīwðe
+onsittan _to dread the hostility, the fierce contest, of your people_, 598.
+
+ymb-sittan, _to sit around_, w. acc.: pret. pl. (þæt hīe) ... symbel
+ymb-sǣton (_sat round the feast_), 564. See ymb-sittend.
+
+sīd, adj.: 1) _wide, broad, spacious, large_: nom. sg. (here-byrne, glōf)
+sīd, 1445, 2087; acc. sg. m. sīdne scyld, 437; on sīdne sǣ, 507; fem.
+byrnan sīde (of a corselet extending over the legs), 1292; ofer sǣ sīde,
+2395; neut. sīde rīce, 1734, 2200; instr. sg. sīdan herge, 2348; acc. pl.
+sīde sǣ-næssas, 223; sīde scyldas, 325; gen. pl. sīdra sorga (_of great
+sorrows_), 149.--2) in moral sense, _great, noble_: acc. sg. þurh sīdne
+sefan, 1727.
+
+side, adv., _far and wide, afar_, 1224.
+
+sīd-fæðme, adj., _broad-bosomed_: acc. sg. sīd-fæðme scip, 1918.
+
+sīd-fæðmed, _quasi_ pret. part., the same: nom. sg. sīd-fæðmed scip, 302.
+
+sīd-rand, st. m., _broad shield_: nom. sg., 1290.
+
+sīð (G. seþu-s), adj., _late_: superl. nom. sg. sīðast sige-hwīle (_the
+last hour, day, of victory_), 2711; dat. sg. æt sīðestan (_in the end, at
+last_), 3014.
+
+sīð, adv. compar., _later_: ǣr and sīð (_sooner and later, early and
+late_), 2501.
+
+sīð (G. sinþ-s), st. m.: l) _road, way, journey, expedition_; esp., _road
+to battle_: nom. sg., 501, 3059, 3090; næs þæt ēðe sīð (_that was no easy
+road, task_), 2587; so, þæt wæs gēocor sīð, 766; acc. sg. sīð, 353, 512,
+909, 1279, 1430, 1967; instr. dat. sīðe, 532, 1952, 1994; gen. sg. sīðes,
+579, 1476, 1795, 1909. Also, _return_: nom. sg., 1972.--2) _undertaking,
+enterprise_; esp., _battle-work_: nom. sg. nis þæt ēower sīð, 2533; ne bið
+swylc earges sīð (_such is no coward's enterprise_), 2542; acc. sg. sīð,
+873. In pl.= _adventures_: nom. sīðas, 1987; acc. sīðas, 878; gen. sīða,
+318.--3) time (as iterative): nom. sg. næs þæt forma sīð (_that was not the
+first time_), 717, 1464; so, 1528, 2626; acc. sg. oftor micle þonne on ǣnne
+sīð, 1580; instr. sg. (forman, ōðre, þriddan) sīðe, 741, 1204, 2050, 2287,
+2512, 2518, 2671, 2689, 3102.--Comp.: cear-, eft-, ellor-, gryre-, sǣ-,
+wil-, wrǣc-sīð.
+
+ge-sīð, st. m., _comrade, follower_: gen. sg. ge-sīðes, 1298; nom. pl.
+ge-sīðas, 29; acc. pl. ge-sīðas, 2041, 2519; dat. pl. ge-sīðum, 1314, 1925,
+2633; gen. pl. ge-sīða, 1935.--Comp.: eald-, wil-gesīð.
+
+sīð-fæt, st. m., _way, journey_: acc. sg. þone sīð-fæt, 202; dat. sg.
+sīð-fate, 2640.
+
+sīð-fram, -from, adj., _ready for the journey_: nom. pl. sīð-frome, 1814.
+
+sīðian, w. v., _to journey, march_: inf., 721, 809; pret. sg. sīðode, 2120.
+
+for-sīðian, _iter fatale inire_ (Grein): pret. sg. hæfde þā for-sīðod sunu
+Ecg-þēowes under gynne grund _(would have found his death_, etc.), 1551.
+
+sīe, sȳ. See wesan.
+
+sīgan, st. v., _to descend, sink, incline_: pret. pl. sigon æt-somne
+(_descended together_), 307; sigon þā tō slǣpe _(they sank to sleep_),
+1252.
+
+ge-sīgan, _to sink, fall_: inf. ge-sīgan æt sæcce (_fall in battle_), 2660.
+
+sīn, poss. pron., _his_: acc. sg. m. sīnne, 1961, 1985, 2284, 2790; dat.
+sg. sīnum, 1508.
+
+slǣp, st. m., _sleep_: nom. sg., 1743; dat. sg. tō slǣpe, 1252.
+
+slǣpan, st. v., _to sleep_: pres. part. nom. sg. slǣpende, 2220; acc. sg.
+hē gefēng ... slǣpendne rinc (_seized a sleeping warrior]_, 742; acc. pl.
+slǣpende fræt folces Denigea fīftȳne men _(devoured, sleeping, fifteen of
+the people of the Danes_), 1582.
+
+slēac, adj., _slack, lazy_: nom. sg., 2188.
+
+sleahan, slēan: 1) _to strike, strike at_: a) intrans.: pres. subj. sg. þæt
+hē mē ongēan slēa (_that he should strike at me_), 682; pret. sg. yrringa
+slōh (_struck angrily_), 1566; so, slōh hilde-bille, 2680. b) trans.: pret.
+sg. þæt hē þone nīð-gæst nioðor hwēne slōh _(that he struck the dragon
+somewhat lower_, etc.), 2700.--2) w. acc.: _to slay, kill_: pret. sg. þæs
+þe hē Ābel slōg (_because he slew A._), 108; so, slōg, 421, 2180; slōh,
+1582, 2356; pl. slōgon, 2051; pret. part. þā wæs Fin slægen, 1153.
+
+ge-slēan, w. acc.: 1) _to fight a battle_: pret. sg. ge-slōh þīn fæder
+fǣhðe mǣste, 459.--2) _to gain by fighting_: syððan hīe þā mǣrða ge-slōgon,
+2997.
+
+of-slēan, _to ofslay, kill_, w. acc.: pret. sg. of-slōh, 574, 1666, 3061.
+
+slīðe (G. sleiþ-s), adj., _savage, fierce, dangerous_: acc. sg. þurh slīðne
+nīð, 184; gen. pl. slīðra ge-slyhta, 2399.
+
+slīðen, adj., _furious, savage, deadly_ nom. sg. sweord-bealo slīðen, 1148.
+
+slītan, st. v., _to slit, tear to pieces_, w. acc.: pret. sg. slāt
+(slǣpendne rinc), 742.
+
+slyht, st. m., _blow_: in comp. and-slyht.
+
+ge-slyht, st. n. (collective), _battle, conflict_: gen. pl. slīðra
+ge-slyhta, 2399.
+
+smið, st. m., _smith, armorer_: nom. sg. wǣpna smið, 1453; gen. sg. smiðes,
+406.--Comp. wundor-smið.
+
+be-smiðian, w. v., _to surround with iron-work, bands_, etc.: pret. part.
+hē (the hall Heorot) þæs fæste wæs innan and ūtan īren-bendum searo-þoncum
+besmiðod (i.e. the beams out of which the hall was built were held together
+skilfully, within and without, by iron clamps), 776.
+
+snell, adj., _fresh, vigorous, lively; of martial temper_: nom. sg. se
+snella, 2972.
+
+snellīc, adj., the same: nom. sg., 691.
+
+snotor, snottor, adj., _clever, wise, intelligent_: nom. sg. snotor, 190,
+827, 909, 1385; in weak form, (se) snottra, 1314, 1476, 1787; snotra, 2157,
+3121; nom. pl. snotere, 202, 416; snottre, 1592.--Comp. fore-snotor.
+
+snotor-līce, adv., _intelligently, wisely_: compar. snotor-līcor, 1483.
+
+snūde, adv., _hastily, quickly, soon_, 905, 1870, 1972, 2326, 2569, 2753.
+
+be-snyðian, w. v., _to rob, deprive of_: pret. sg. þætte Ongenþīo ealdre
+be-snyðede Hæðcyn, 2925.
+
+snyrian, w. v., _to hasten, hurry_: pret. pl. snyredon æt-somne (_hurried
+forward together_), 402.
+
+snyttru, f., _intelligence, wisdom_: acc. sg. snyttru, 1727; dat. pl. mid
+mōdes snyttrum, 1707; þē wē ealle ǣr ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed
+which all of us together could not accomplish before with all our wisdom_),
+943. Adv., _wisely_, 873.
+
+somne. See samne.
+
+sorgian, w. v.: 1) _to be grieved, sorrow_: imper. sg. II. ne sorga!
+1385.--2) _to care for, trouble one's self about_: inf. nō þū ymb mīnes ne
+þearft līces feorme leng sorgian (_thou needst not care longer about my
+life's [body's] sustenance_), 451.
+
+sorh, st. f., _grief, pain, sorrow_: nom. sg., 1323; sorh is mē tō secganne
+(_pains me to say_), 473; acc. sg. sorge, 119, 2464; dat. instr. sg. mid
+þǣre sorge, 2469; sorge (_in sorrow, grieved_), 1150; gen. sg. worna fela
+... sorge, 2005; dat. pl. sorgum, 2601; gen. pl. sorga, 149.--Comp.: hyge-,
+inwit-, þegn-sorh.
+
+sorh-cearig, adj., _curis sollicitus, heart-broken_: nom. sg., 2456.
+
+sorh-ful, adj., _sorrowful, troublesome, difficult_: nom. sg., 2120; acc.
+sg. sorh-fullne (sorh-fulne) sīð, 512, 1279, 1430.
+
+sorh-lēas, adj., _free from sorrow_ or _grief_: nom. sg., 1673.
+
+sorh-leoð, st. n., _dirge, song of sorrow_: acc. sg., 2461.
+
+sorh-wylm, st. m., _wave of sorrow_ nom. pl. sorh-wylmas, 905.
+
+sōcn, st. f., _persecution, hostile pursuit_ or _attack_ (see sēcan): dat,
+(instr.) þǣre sōcne (by reason of Grendel's persecution), 1778.
+
+sōð, st. n., _sooth, truth_:: acc. sg. sōð, 532, 701, 1050, 1701, 2865;
+dat. sg. tō sōðe (_in truth_), 51, 591, 2326.
+
+sōð, adj., _true, genuine_: nom. sg, þæt is sōð metod, 1612; acc. sg. n.
+gyd āwræc sōð and sār-līc, 2110.
+
+sōðe, adv., _truly, correctly, accurately_, 524; sōðe gebunden (of
+alliterative verse: _accurately put together_), 872.
+
+sōð-cyning, st. m., _true king_: nom. sg. sigora sōð-cyning (_God_), 3056.
+
+sōð-fæst, adj., _soothfast, established in truth, orthodox_ (here used of
+the Christian martyrs): gen. pl. sōð-fæstra dōm (_glory, realm, of the
+saints_), 2821.
+
+sōð-līce, adv., _in truth, truly, truthfully_, 141, 273, 2900.
+
+sōfte, adv., _gently, softly_: compar. þȳ sēft (_the more easily_),
+2750.--Comp. un-sōfte.
+
+sōna, adv., _soon, immediately_, 121, 722, 744, 751, 1281, 1498, 1592,
+1619, 1763, etc.
+
+on-spannan, st. v., _to un-span, unloose_: pret. sg. his helm on-spēon
+(_loosed his helm_), 2724.
+
+spel, st. n., _narrative, speech_: acc. sg. spell, 2110; acc. pl. spel,
+874; gen. pl. spella, 2899, 3030.--Comp. wēa-spel.
+
+spēd, st. f.: 1) _luck, success_: in comp. here-, wīg-spēd.--2) _skill,
+facility_: acc. sg. on spēd (_skilfully_), 874.
+
+spīwan, st. v., _to spit, spew_, w. instr.: inf. glēdum spīwan (_spit
+fire_), 2313
+
+spor, st. n., _spur_: in comp. hand-spor.
+
+spōwan, st. v., _to speed well, help, avail_: pret. sg. him wiht ne spēow
+(_availed him naught_), 2855; hū him æt ǣte spēow (_how he sped in the
+eating_), 3027.
+
+sprǣc, st. f., _speech, language_: instr. sg. frēcnan sprǣce (_through
+bold, challenging, discourse_), 1105.--Comp.: ǣfen-, gylp-sprǣc.
+
+sprecan, st. v., _to speak_: inf. ic sceal forð sprecan gēn ymbe Grendel
+_(I shall go on speaking about G._), 2070; w. acc. sē þe wyle sōð sprecan
+(_he who will speak the truth_), 2865; imper. tō Gēatum sprec (sprǣc, MS.),
+1172; pret. sg. III. spræc, 1169, 1699, 2511, 2725; word æfter spræc, 341;
+nō ymbe þā fǣhðe spræc, 2619; II. hwæt þū worn fela ... ymb Brecan sprǣce
+(_how much thou hast spoken of Breca!_), 531; pl. hwæt wit geō sprǣcon
+(_what we two spoke of before_), 1477; gomele ymb gōdne on-geador sprǣcon,
+þæt big ... _(the graybeards spoke together about the valiant one, that
+they ..._), 1596; swā wit furðum sprǣcon (_as we two spoke, engaged,
+before_), 1708; pret. part. þā wæs ... þrȳð-word sprecen, 644.
+
+ge-sprecan, w. acc., _to speak_: pret. sg. ge-spræc, 676, 1399, 1467, 3095.
+
+sprēot, st. m., _pole; spear, pike_: in comp. eofor-sprēot.
+
+springan, st. v., _to jump, leap; flash_: pret. sg. hrā wīde sprong _(the
+body bounded far_), 1589; swāt ǣdrum sprong forð under fexe (_the blood
+burst out in streams from under his hair_), 2967; pl. wīde sprungon
+hilde-lēoman (_flashed afar_), 2583. Also figuratively: blǣd wīde sprang
+(_his repute spread afar_), 18.
+
+ge-springan, _to spring forth_: pret. sg. swā þæt blōd ge-sprang (_as the
+blood burst forth_), 1668. Figuratively, _to arise, originate_: pret. sg.
+Sigemunde gesprong æfter dēað-dæge dōm un-lȳtel, 885.
+
+on-springan, _to burst in two, spring asunder_: pret. pl. seonowe
+onsprungon, burston bānlocan 818.
+
+standan, st. v.: 1) absolutely or with prep., _to stand_: pres. III. pl.
+ēored-geatwe þē gē þǣr on standað (_the warlike accoutrements wherein ye
+there stand_), 2867; inf. ge-seah ... orcas stondan (_saw vessels
+standing_), 2761; pret. sg. æt hȳðe stōd hringed-stefna (_in the harbor
+stood the curved-prowed?, metal-covered?, ship_), 32; stōd on stapole
+(_stood near the [middle] column_), 927; so, 1914, 2546; þæt him on aldre
+stōd here-strǣl hearda (_that the sharp war-arrow stood in his vitals_),
+1435; so, 2680; pl. gāras stōdon ... samod æt-gædere (_the spears stood
+together_), 328; him big stōdan bunan and orcas (_by him stood cans and
+pots_), 3048. Also of still water: pres. sg. III. nis þæt feor heonon ...
+þæt se mere standeð, 1363.--2) with predicate adj., _to stand, continue in
+a certain state_: subj. pres. þæt þes sele stande ... rinca ge-hwylcum īdel
+and unnyt (_that this hall stands empty and useless for every warrior_),
+411; inf. hord-wynne fand eald ūht-sceaða opene standan, 2272; pret. sg. oð
+þæt īdel stōd hūsa sēlest, 145; so, 936; wæter under stōd drēorig and
+ge-drēfed, 1418--3) _to belong_ or _attach to; issue_: pret. sg. Norð-Denum
+stōd atelīc egesa (_great terror clung to, overcame, the North Danes_),
+784; þāra ānum stōd sadol searwum fāh (_on one of the steeds lay an
+ingeniously-inlaid saddle_), 1038; byrne-lēoma eldum on andan (_burning
+light stood forth, a horror to men_), 2314; lēoht inne stōd (_a light stood
+in it_, i.e. the sword), 1571; him of ēagum stōd ... lēoht unfǣger (_an
+uncanny light issued from his eyes_), 727; so, þæt [fram] þām gyste
+[gryre-] brōga stōd, 2229.
+
+ā-standan, _to stand up, arise_: pret. sg. ā-stōd, 760, 1557, 2093.
+
+æt-standan, _to stand at, near_, or _in_: pret. sg. þæt hit (i.e. þæt
+swurd) on wealle æt-stōd, 892.
+
+for-standan, _to stand against_ or _before_, hence: 1) _to hinder,
+prevent_: pret. sg. (brēost-net) wið ord and wið ecge in-gang for-stōd
+(_the shirt of mail prevented point or edge from entering_), 1550; subj.
+nefne him wītig god wyrd for-stōde (_if the wise God had not warded off
+such a fate from them_, i.e. the men threatened by Grendel), 1057.--2)
+_defend_, w. dat. of person against whom: inf. þæt hē ... mihte
+hēaðo-līðendum hord for-standan, bearn and brȳde (_that he might protect
+his treasure, his children, and his spouse from the sea-farers_), 2956.
+
+ge-standan, intrans., _to stand_: pret. sg. ge-stōd, 358, 404, 2567; pl.
+nealles him on hēape hand-gesteallan ... ymbe gestōdon (_not at all did his
+boon-companions stand serried around him_), 2597.
+
+stapa, w. m., _stepper, strider_: in comp. hǣð-, mearc-stapa.
+
+stapan, st. v., _to step, stride, go forward_: pret. sg. eorl furður stōp,
+762; gum-fēða stop lind-hæbbendra (_the troop of shield-warriors strode
+on_), 1402.
+
+æt-stapan, _to stride up_ or _to_: pret. sg. forð nēar æt-stōp (_strode up
+nearer_), 746.
+
+ge-stapan, _to walk, stride_: pret. sg. hē to forð gestōp dyrnan cræfte,
+dracan hēafde nēah (_he_, i.e. the man that robbed the dragon of the
+vessel, _had through hidden craft come too near the dragon's head_), 2290.
+
+stapol, st. m., (= βάσις), _trunk of a tree_; hence, _support, pillar,
+column_: dat. sg. stōd on stapole (_stood by_ or _near the wooden middle
+column of Heorot_), 927; instr. pl. þā stān-bogan stapulum fæste (_the
+arches of stone upheld by pillars_), 2719. See Note.
+
+starian, w. v., _to stare, look intently at_: pres. sg. I. þæt ic on þone
+hafelan ... ēagum starige (_that I see the head with my eyes_), 1782; þāra
+frætwa ... þē ic hēr on starie (_for the treasures ... that I here look
+upon_), 2797; III. þonne hē on þæt sine starað, 1486; sg. for pl. þāra þe
+on swylc starað, 997; pret. sg. þæt (sin-frēa) hire an dæges ēagum starede,
+1936; pl. on mere staredon, 1604.
+
+stān, st. m., 1) _stone_: in comp. eorclan-stān.--2) _rock_: acc. sg. under
+(ofer) hārne stān, 888, 1416, 2554, 2745; dat. sg. stāne, 2289, 2558.
+
+stān-beorh, st. m., _rocky elevation, stony mountain_: acc. sg. stān-beorh
+stēapne, 2214.
+
+stān-boga, w. m., _stone arch, arch hewn out of the rock_: dat. sg.
+stān-bogan, 2546; nom. pl. stān-bogan, 2719.
+
+stān-clif, st. n., _rocky cliff_: acc. pl. stān-cleofu, 2541.
+
+stān-fāh, adj., _stone-laid, paved with stones of different colors_: nom.
+sg. strǣt wæs stān-fāh (_the street was of different colored stones_), 320.
+
+stān-hlið, st. n., _rocky slope_: acc. pl. stān-hliðo, 1410.
+
+stæf, st. m.: 1) _staff_: in comp. rūn-staf.--2) _elementum_: in comp. ār-,
+ende-, fācen-stæf.
+
+stǣl, st. m., _place, stead_: dat. sg. þæt þū mē ā wǣre forð-gewitenum on
+fæder stǣle (_that thou, if I died, wouldst represent a father's place to
+me_), 1480.
+
+stǣlan, w. v., _to place; allure_ or _instigate_: inf. þā ic on morgne
+ge-frægn mǣg ōðerne billes ecgum on bonan stǣlan _(then I learned that on
+the morrow one brother instigated the other to murder with the sword's
+edge_; or, _one avenged the other on the murderer_?, cf. 2962 seqq.), 2486.
+
+ge-stǣlan, _to place, impose, institute_: pret. part. gē feor hafað fǣhðe
+ge-stǣled (_Grendel's mother has further begun hostilities against us_),
+1341.
+
+stede, st. m., _place, -stead_: in comp. bǣl-, burh-, folc-, hēah-, meðel-,
+wang-, wīc-stede.
+
+stefn, st. f., _voice_: nom. sg., 2553; instr. sg. nīwan (nīowan) stefne
+(properly novā voce) = denuo, _anew, again_, 2595, 1790.
+
+stefn, st. m., _prow of a ship_: acc. sg., 213; see bunden-, hringed-,
+wunden-stefna.
+
+on-stellan, w. v., _constituere, to cause, bring about_: pret. sg. sē þæs
+or-leges ōr on-stealde, 2408.
+
+steng, st. m., _pole, pike_: in comp wæl-steng.
+
+ge-steppan, w. v., _to stride, go_: pret. sg. folce ge-stepte ofer sǣ sīde
+sunu Ōhtheres (_O.'s son_, i.e. Ēadgils, _went with warriors over the broad
+sea_), 2394.
+
+stede (O.H.G. stāti, M.H.G. stǣte), adj., _firm, steady_: nom. sg. wæs
+stēde nægla ge-hwylc stȳle ge-līcost (_each nail-place was firm as
+steel_), 986.
+
+stēpan, w. v. w. acc., _to exalt, honor_: pret. sg. þēah þe hine mihtig god
+... eafeðum stēpte, 1718.
+
+ge-steald, st. n., _possessions, property_: in comp. in-gesteald, 1156.
+
+ge-stealla, w. m., (contubernalis), _companion, comrade_: in comp. eaxl-,
+fyrd-, hand-, lind-, nȳd-ge-stealla.
+
+stearc-heort, adj., (fortis animo), _stout-hearted, courageous_: nom. sg.
+(of the dragon), 2289; (of Bēowulf), 2553.
+
+stēap, adj., _steep, projecting, towering_: acc. sg. stēapne hrōf, 927;
+stān-beorh stēapne, 2214; wið stēapne rond, 2567; acc. pl. m. beorgas
+stēape, 222; neut. stēap stān-hliðo, 1410.--Comp. heaðo-stēap.
+
+stille, adj., _still, quiet_: nom. sg. wīd-floga wundum stille, 2831.
+
+stille, adv., _quietly_, 301.
+
+stincan, st. v., _to smell; snuff_: pret. sg. stonc þā æfter stāne
+(_snuffed along the stone_), 2289.
+
+stīð, adj., _hard, stiff_: nom. sg. wunden-mǣl (swurd) ... stīð and
+stȳlecg, 1534.
+
+stīð-mōd, adj., _stout-hearted, unflinching_: nom. sg., 2567.
+
+stīg, st. m., _way, path_: nom. sg., 320, 2214; acc. pl. stīge nearwe,
+1410--Comp. medu-stīg.
+
+stīgan, st. v., _to go, ascend_: pret. sg. þā hē tō holme [st]āg (_when he
+plunged forward into the sea_), 2363; pl. beornas ... on stefn stigon, 212;
+Wedera lēode on wang stigon, 225; subj. pret. ǣr hē on bed stige, 677.
+
+ā-stīgan, _to ascend_: pres. sg. þonon ȳð-geblond up ā-stīgeð won tō
+wolcnum, 1374; gūð-rinc ā-stāh (_the fierce hero ascended_, i.e. was laid
+on the pyre? or, _the fierce smoke_ [rēc] _ascended?_), 1119; gamen eft
+ā-stāh (_joy again went up, resounded_), 1161; wudu-rēc ā-stāh sweart of
+swioðole, 3145; swēg up ā-stāg, 783.
+
+ge-stīgan, _to ascend, go up_: pret. sg. þā ic on holm ge-stāh, 633.
+
+storm, st. m., _storm_: nom. sg. strǣla storm (_storm of missiles_), 3118;
+instr. sg. holm storme wēol (_the sea billowed stormily_), 1132.
+
+stōl, st. m., _chair, throne, seat_: in comp. brego-, ēðel-, gif-,
+gum-stōl.
+
+stōw, st. f., _place, -stow_: nom. sg. nis þæt hēoru stōw (_a haunted
+spot_), 1373; acc. sg. frēcne stōwe, 1379; grund-būendra gearwe stōwe _(the
+place prepared for men_, i.e. death-bed; see gesacan and ge-nȳdan), 1007:
+comp. wæl-stow.
+
+strang, strong, adj., _strong; valiant; mighty_: nom. sg. wæs þæt ge-win tō
+strang (_that sorrow was too great_), 133; þū eart mægenes strang (_strong
+of body_), 1845; wæs sīo hond tō strong (_the hand was too powerful_),
+2685; superl. wigena strengest (_strongest of warriors_), 1544; mægenes
+strengest (_strongest in might_), 196; mægene strengest, 790.
+
+strādan? (cf. strǣde = passus, gressus), _to tread_, (be)-_stride, stride
+over_ (Grein): subj. pres. sē þone wong strāde, 3074. See Note.
+
+strǣl, st. m., _arrow, missile_: instr. sg. biteran strǣle, 1747; gen. pl.
+strǣla storm, 3118.
+
+strǣt, st. f., _street, highway_: nom. sg., 320; acc. sg. strǣte, 1635;
+fealwe strǣte, 917.--Comp.: lagu-, mere-strǣt.
+
+strengel, st. m., (_endowed with strength_), _ruler, chief_: acc. sg.
+wigena strengel, 3116.
+
+strengo, st. f., _strength, power, violence_: acc. sg. mægenes strenge,
+1271; dat. sg. strenge, 1534; strengo, 2541;--dat. pl. strengum =
+_violently, powerfully_ [_loosed from the strings_?], 3118: in comp.
+hilde-, mægen-, mere-strengo.
+
+strēgan (O.S. strōwian), w. v., _to strew, spread_: pret. part, wæs þǣm
+yldestan ... morðorbed strēd (_the death-bed was spread for the eldest
+one_), 2437.
+
+strēam, st. m., _stream, flood, sea_: acc. sg. strēam, 2546; nom. pl.
+strēamas, 212; acc. pl. strēamas, 1262: comp. brim-, ēagor-, firgen-,
+lagu-strēam.
+
+ge-strēon (cf. strēon = robur, vis), st. n., _property, possessions_;
+hence, _valuables, treasure, jewels_: nom. pl. Heaðo-beardna ge-strēon
+(_the costly treasure of the Heathobeardas_, i.e. the accoutrements
+belonging to the slain H.), 2038; acc. pl. æðelinga, eorla ge-strēon, 1921,
+3168.--Comp.: ǣr-, eald-, eorl-, hēah-, hord-, long-, māðm-, sinc-,
+þēod-ge-strēon.
+
+strūdan, st. v., _to plunder, carry off_: subj. pres. næs þā on hlytme hwā
+þæt hord strude, 3127.
+
+ge-strȳnan, w. v. w. acc., _to acquire, gain_: inf. þæs þe (_because_) ic
+mōste mīnum lēodum ... swylc ge-strȳnan, 2799.
+
+stund, st. f., _time, space of time, while_: adv. dat. pl. stundum (_at
+times_), 1424.
+
+styrian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to arrange, put in order, tell_: inf. secg eft
+on-gan sīð Bēowulfes snyttrum styrian (_the poet then began to tell B.'s
+feat skilfully_, i.e. put in poetic form), 873.--2) _to rouse, stir up_:
+pres. sg. III. þonne wind styreð lāð ge-widru (_when the wind stirreth up
+the loathly weather_), 1375.--3) _to move against, attack, disturb_: subj.
+pres. þæt hē ... hring-sele hondum styrede (_that he should attack the
+ring-hall with his hands_), 2841.
+
+styrman, w. v., _to rage, cry out_: pret. sg. styrmde, 2553.
+
+stȳle, st. n., _steel_: dat. sg. stȳle, 986.
+
+stȳl-ecg, adj., _steel-edged_: nom. sg., 1534.
+
+be-stȳman, w. v., _to inundate, wet, flood_: pret. part. (wǣron) eal
+benc-þelu blōde be-stȳmed, 486.
+
+suhtor-ge-fæderan (collective), w. m. pl., _uncle and nephew, father's
+brother and brother's son_: nom. pl., 1165.
+
+sum, pron.: 1) indef., _one, a, any, a certain_; neut. _something_: a)
+without part. gen.: nom. sg. sum, 1252; hilde-rinc sum, 3125; neut. ne
+sceal þǣr dyrne sum wesan (_naught there shall be hidden_), 271; acc. sg.
+m. sumne, 1433; instr. sg. sume worde (_by a word, expressly_), 2157; nom.
+pl. sume, 400, 1114; acc. pl. sume, 2941. b) with part. gen.: nom. sg.
+gumena sum (_one of men, a man_), 1500, 2302; mere-hrægla sum, 1906; þæt
+wæs wundra sum, 1608; acc. sg. gylp-worda sum, 676. c) with gen. of
+cardinals or notions of multitude: nom. sg. fīftȳna sum (_one of fifteen,
+with fourteen companions_), 207; so, eahta sum, 3124; fēara sum (_one of
+few, with a few_), 1413; acc. sg. manigra sumne (_one of many, with many_),
+2092; manna cynnes sumne (_one of the men_), i.e. one of the watchmen in
+Heorot), 714; fēara sumne (_some few, one of few_; or, _one of the foes_?),
+3062.--2) with part. gen. sum sometimes = _this, that, the
+afore-mentioned_: nom. sg. ēower sum (_a certain one, that one, of you_,
+i.e. Bēowulf), 248; gūð-beorna sum (_the afore-mentioned warrior_, i.e. who
+had shown the way to Hrōðgār's palace), 314; eorla sum (_the said knight_,
+i.e. Bēowulf), 1313; acc. sg. hord-ærna sum (_a certain hoard-hall_), 2280.
+
+sund, st. m.: 1) _swimming_: acc. sg. ymb sund, 507; dat. sg. æt sunde (_in
+swimming_), 517; on sunde (_a-swimming_), 1619; gen. sg. sundes, 1437.--2)
+_sea, ocean, sound_: nom. sg., 223; acc. sg. sund, 213, 512, 539, 1427,
+1445.
+
+ge-sund, adj., _sound, healthy, unimpaired_: acc. sg. m. ge-sundne, 1629,
+1999; nom. pl. ge-sunde, 2076; acc. pl. w. gen. fæder alwalda ... ēowic
+ge-healde sīða ge-sunde (_the almighty Father keep you safe and sound on
+your journey!_), 318.--Comp. an-sund.
+
+sund-ge-bland, st. n., (_the commingled sea_), _sea-surge, sea-wave_: acc.
+sg., 1451.
+
+sund-nyt, st. f., _swimming-power_ or _employment, swimming_: acc. sg.
+sund-nytte drēah (_swam through the sea_), 2361.
+
+sundur, sundor, adv., _asunder, in twain_: sundur gedǣlan (_to separate,
+sunder_), 2423.
+
+sundor-nyt, st. f., _special service_ (service in a special case): acc. sg.
+sundor-nytte, 668.
+
+sund-wudu, st. m., (_sea-wood_), _ship_: nom. acc. sg. sund-wudu, 208,
+1907.
+
+sunne, w. f., _sun_: nom. sg., 607; gen. sg. sunnan, 94, 649.
+
+sunu, st. m., _son_: nom. sg., 524, 591, 646, 981, 1090, 1486, etc.; acc.
+sg. sunu, 268, 948, 1116, 1176, 1809, 2014, 2120; dat. sg. suna, 344, 1227,
+2026, 2161, 2730; gen. sg. suna, 2456, 2613, (1279); nom. pl. suna, 2381.
+
+sūð, adv., _south, southward_, 859.
+
+sūðan, adv., _from the south_, 607; sigel sūðan fūs (_the sun inclined from
+the south_), 1967.
+
+swaðrian, w. v., _to sink to rest, grow calm_: brimu swaðredon (_the waves
+became calm_), 570. See sweðrian.
+
+swaðu, st. f., _trace, track, pathway_: acc. sg. swaðe, 2099.--Comp.:
+swāt-, wald-swaðu.
+
+swaðul, st. m.? n.?, _smoke, mist_ (Dietrich in Haupt V. 215): dat. sg. on
+swaðule, 783. See sweoðol.
+
+swancor, adj., _slender, trim_: acc. pl. þrīo wicg swancor, 2176.
+
+swan-rād, st. f., _swan-road, sea_: acc. sg. ofer swan-rāde, 200.
+
+and-swarian, w. v., _to answer_: pret. sg. him se yldesta and-swarode, 258;
+so, 340.
+
+swā: 1) demons, adv., _so, in such a manner, thus_: swā sceal man dōn,
+1173, 1535; swā þā driht-guman drēamum lifdon, 99; þæt ge-æfndon swā (_that
+we thus accomplished_), 538; þǣr hīe meahton (i.e. feorh ealgian), 798; so,
+20, 144, 189, 559, 763, 1104, 1472, 1770, 2058, 2145, 2178, 2991; swā
+manlīce _(so like a man_), 1047; swā fela (_so many_), 164, 592; swā
+dēorlīce dǣd (_so valiant a deed_), 585; hine swā gōdne (_him so good_),
+347; on swā geongum feore (_in so youthful age_), 1844; ge-dēð him swā
+ge-wealdene worolde dǣlas þæt ... (_makes parts of the world so subject to
+him that_...), 1733. In comparisons = _ever, the_ (adv.): mē þīn mōd-sefa
+līcað leng swā wēl (_thy mind pleases me ever so well, the longer the
+better_), 1855. As an asseverative = _so_: swā mē Higelāc sīe ... mōdes
+blīðe (_so be Higelac gracious-minded to me!_), 435; swā þēah
+(_nevertheless, however_), 973, 1930, 2879; swā þēh, 2968; hwæðre swā þēah
+(_yet however_), 2443.--2): a) conj., _as, so as_: oð þæt his byre mihte
+eorlscipe efnan swā his ǣrfæder (_until his son might do noble deeds, as
+his old father did_), 2623; eft swā ǣr (_again as before_), 643;--with
+indic.: swā hē selfa bæd (_as he himself requested_), 29; swā hē oft dyde
+(_as he often did_), 444; gǣð ā Wyrd swā hīo sceal, 455; swā guman
+gefrungon, 667; so, 273, 352, 401, 561, 1049, 1056, 1059, 1135, 1232, 1235,
+1239, 1253, 1382, etc.;--with subj.: swā þīn sefa hwette _(as pleases thy
+mind_, i.e. any way thou pleasest), 490. b) _as, as then, how_, 1143; swā
+hīe ā wǣron ... nȳd-gesteallan (_as they were ever comrades in need_),
+882; swā hit dīope ... be-nemdon þēodnas mǣre (_as, [how?] the mighty
+princes had deeply cursed it_), 3070; swā hē manna wæs wīgend weorðfullost
+(_as he of men the worthiest warrior was_), 3099. c) _just as, the moment
+when_: swā þæt blōd gesprang, 1668. d) _so that_: swā hē ne mihte nō (_so
+that he might not..._), 1509; so, 2185, 2007.--3) = qui, quae, quod, German
+so: worhte wlite-beorhtne wang swā wæter bebūgeð (_wrought the beauteous
+plain which_ (acc.) _water surrounds_), 93.--4) swā ... swā = _so ... as_,
+595, 687-8, 3170; efne swā ... swā (_even so ... as_), 1093-4, 1224, 1284;
+efne swā hwylc mægða swā (_such a woman as, whatsoever woman_), 944; efne
+swā hwylcum manna swā (_even so to each man as_), 3058.
+
+for-swāfan, st. v., _to carry away, sweep off_: pret. sg. ealle Wyrd
+for-swēof mīne māgas tō metod-sceafte, 2815.
+
+for-swāpan, st. v., _to sweep off, force_: pret. sg. hīe Wyrd forswēop on
+Grendles gryre, 477.
+
+swāt, st. m., (_sweat_), _wound-blood_: nom. sg., 2694, 2967; instr. sg.
+swāte, 1287.--Comp. heaðo-, hilde-swāt.
+
+swāt-fāh, adj., _blood-stained_: nom. sg., 1112.
+
+swātig, adj., _gory_: nom. sg., 1570.
+
+swāt-swaðu, st. f., _blood-trace_: nom. sg., 2947.
+
+be-swǣlan, w. v., _to scorch_: pret. part. wæs se lēg-draca ... glēdum
+beswǣled, 3042.
+
+swǣs, adj., _intimate, special, dear_: acc. sg. swǣsne ēðel, 520; nom. pl.
+swǣse ge-sīðas, 29; acc. pl. lēode swǣse, 1869; swǣse ge-sīðas, 2041; gen.
+pl. swǣsra ge-sīða, 1935.
+
+swǣs-līce, adv., _pleasantly, in a friendly manner_, 3090.
+
+swebban, w. v., (_to put to sleep_), _to kill_: inf. ic hine sweorde
+swebban nelle, 680; pres. sg. III. (absolutely) swefeð, 601.
+
+ā-swebban, _to kill, slay_: pret. part. nom. pl. sweordum ā-swefede, 567.
+
+sweðrian, w. v., _to lessen, diminish_: inf. þæt þæt fyr ongan sweðrian,
+2703; pret. siððan Heremōdes hild sweðrode, 902.
+
+swefan, st. v.: 1) _to sleep_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1742; inf. swefan,
+119, 730, 1673; pret. sg. swæf, 1801; pl. swǣfon, 704; swǣfun, 1281.--2)
+_to sleep the death-sleep, die_: pres. sg. III. swefeð, 1009, 2061, 2747;
+pl. swefað, 2257, 2458.
+
+swegel, st. n., _ether, clear sky_: dat. sg. under swegle, 1079, 1198; gen.
+sg. under swegles begong, 861, 1774.
+
+swegle, adj., _bright, etherlike, clear_: acc. pl. swegle searo-gimmas,
+2750.
+
+swegel-wered, _quasi_ pret. part., _ether-clad_: nom. sg. sunne
+swegl-wered, 607.
+
+swelgan, st. v., _to swallow_: pret. sg. w. instr. syn-snǣdum swealh
+(_swallowed in great bites_), 744; object omitted, subj. pres. nymðe līges
+fæðm swulge on swaðule, 783.
+
+for-swelgan, w. acc., _to swallow, consume_: pret. sg. for-swealg, 1123,
+2081.
+
+swellan, st. v., _to swell_: inf. þā sīo wund on-gan ... swelan and
+swellan, 2714.
+
+sweltan, st. v., _to die, perish_: pret. sg. swealt, 1618, 2475; draca
+morðre swealt (_died a violent death_), 893, 2783; wundor-dēaðe swealt,
+3038; hioro-dryncum swealt, 2359.
+
+swencan, w. v., _to swink, oppress, strike_: pret. sg. hine wundra þæs fela
+swencte (MS. swecte) on sunde, 1511.
+
+ge-swencan, _to oppress, strike, injure_: pret. sg. syððan hine Hæðcyn ...
+flāne geswencte, 2439; pret. part. synnum ge-swenced, 976; hǣðstapa hundum
+ge-swenced, 1369.--Comp. lyft-ge-swenced.
+
+sweng, st. m., _blow, stroke_: dat. sg. swenge, 1521, 2967; swenge _(with
+its stroke_), 2687; instr. pl. sweordes swengum, 2387.--Comp.: feorh-,
+hete-, heaðo-, heoro-sweng.
+
+swerian, st. v., _to swear_: pret. w. acc. I. nē mē swōr fela āða on unriht
+(_swore no false oaths_), 2739; hē mē āðas swōr, 472.
+
+for-swerian, w. instr., _to forswear, renounce (protect with magic
+formulǣ?)_: pret. part. hē sige-wǣpnum for-sworen hæfde, 805.
+
+swēg, st. m., _sound, noise, uproar_: nom. sg. swēg, 783; hearpan swēg, 89,
+2459, 3024; sige-folca swēg, 645; sang and swēg, 1064; dat. sg. swēge,
+1215.--Comp.: benc-, morgen-swēg.
+
+swelan, w. v., _to burn_ (here of wounds): inf. swelan, 2714. See swǣlan.
+
+sweart, adj., _swart, black, dark_: nom. sg. wudu-rēc sweart, 3146; dat.
+pl. sweartum nihtum, 167.
+
+sweoðol (cf. O.H.G. suedan, suethan = cremare; M.H.G. swadem = vapor; and
+Dietrich in Haupt V., 215), st. m.? n.?, _vapor, smoke, smoking flame_:
+dat. sg. ofer swioðole (MS. swic ðole), 3146. See swaðul.
+
+sweofot, st. m., _sleep_: dat. sg. on sweofote, 1582, 2296.
+
+sweoloð, st. m., _heat, fire, flame_: dat. sg. sweoloðe, 1116. Cf. O.H.G.
+suilizo, suilizunga = ardor, cauma.
+
+sweorcan, st. v., _to trouble, darken_. pres. sg. III. nē him inwit-sorh on
+sefan sweorceð (_darkens his soul_), 1738.
+
+for-sweorcan, _to grow dark_ or _dim_: pres. sg. III. ēagena bearhtm
+for-siteð and for-sworceð, 1768.
+
+ge-sweorcan (intrans.), _to darken_: pret. sg. niht-helm ge-swearc, 1790.
+
+sweord, swurd, swyrd, st. n., _sword_: nom. sg. sweord, 1287, 1290, 1570,
+1606, 1616, 1697; swurd, 891; acc. sg. sweord, 437, 673, 1559, 1664, 1809,
+2253, 2500, etc.; swurd, 539, 1902; swyrd, 2611, 2988; instr. sg. sweorde,
+561, 574, 680, 2493, 2881; gen. sg. sweordes, 1107, 2194, 2387; acc. pl.
+sweord, 2639; nom. pl., 3049; instr. pl. sweordum, 567, 586, 885; gen. pl.
+sweorda, 1041, 2937, 2962.--Comp.: gūð-, māððum-, wǣg-sweord.
+
+sweord, st. f., _oath_: in comp. āð-sweord _(sword-oath_?), 2065.
+
+sweord-bealo, st. n., _sword-bale, death by the sword_: nom. sg., 1148.
+
+sweord-freca, w. m., _sword-warrior_: dat. sg. sweord-frecan, 1469.
+
+sweord-gifu, st. f., _sword-gift, giving of swords_: nom. sg. swyrd-gifu,
+2885.
+
+sweotol, swutol, adj.: 1) _clear, bright_: nom. sg. swutol sang scopes,
+90.--2) _plain, manifest_: nom. sg. syndolh sweotol, 818; tācen sweotol,
+834; instr. sg. sweotolan tācne, 141.
+
+swēof, swēop. See swāfan, swāpan.
+
+swið, st. n.? (O.N. swiði), _burning pain_: in comp. þrȳð-swið(?).
+
+swift, adj., _swift_: nom. sg. se swifta mearh, 2265.
+
+swimman, swymman, st. v., _to swim_: inf. swymman, 1625.
+
+ofer-swimman, w. acc., _to swim over_ or _through_: pret. sg. ofer-swam
+sioleða bigong (_swam over the sea_), 2368.
+
+swincan, st. v., _to struggle, labor, contend_: pret. pl. git on wæteres
+ǣht seofon niht swuncon, 517.
+
+ge-swing, st. n., _surge, eddy_: nom. sg. atol ȳða geswing, 849.
+
+swingan, st. v., _to swing one's self, fly_: pres. sg. III. nē gōd hafoc
+geond sæl swingeð, 2265.
+
+swīcan, st. v.: 1) _to deceive, leave in the lurch, abandon_: pret. sg.
+nǣfre hit (_the sword_) æt hilde ne swāc manna ǣngum, 1461.--2) _to
+escape_: subj. pret. būtan his līc swice, 967.
+
+ge-swīcan, _to deceive, leave in the lurch_: pret. sg. gūð-bill ge-swāc
+nacod æt nīðe, 2585, 2682; w. dat. sēo ecg ge-swāc þēodne æt þearfe (_the
+sword failed the prince in need_), 1525.
+
+swīð, swȳð (Goth, swinþ-s), adj., _strong, mighty_: nom. sg. wæs þæt
+ge-win tō swȳð, 191.--Comp. nom. sg. sīo swīðre hand (_the right hand_),
+2099; _harsh_, 3086.
+
+swīðe, adv., _strongly, very, much_, 598, 998, 1093, 1744, 1927; swȳðe,
+2171, 2188. Compar. swīðor, _more, rather, more strongly_, 961, 1140, 1875,
+2199--Comp. un-swīðe.
+
+ofer-swīðian, w. v., _to overcome, vanquish_, w. acc. of person: pres. sg.
+III. oferswȳðeð, 279, 1769.
+
+swīð-ferhð, adj., (_fortis animo_), _strong-minded, bold, brave_: nom. sg.
+swȳð-ferhð, 827; gen. sg. swīð-ferhðes, 909; nom. pl. swīð-ferhðe, 493;
+dat. pl. swīð-ferhðum, 173.
+
+swīð-hycgend, pres. part. (_strenue cogitans_), _bold-minded, brave in
+spirit_: nom. sg. swīð-hycgende, 920; nom. pl. swīð-hycgende, 1017.
+
+swið-mōd, adj., _strong-minded_: nom. sg., 1625.
+
+on-swīfan, st. v. w. acc., _to swing, turn, at_ or _against, elevate_:
+pret. sg. biorn (Bēowulf) bord-rand on-swāf wið þām gryre-gieste, 2560.
+
+swīgian, w. v., _to be silent, keep silent_: pret. sg. lȳt swīgode nīwra
+spella (_kept little of the new tidings silent_), 2898; pl. swīgedon ealle,
+1700.
+
+swīgor, adj., _silent, taciturn_: nom, sg. weak, þā wæs swīgra secg ... on
+gylp-sprǣce gūð-ge-weorca, 981.
+
+swīn, swȳn, st. n., _swine, boar_ (image on the helm): nom. sg. swȳn,
+1112; acc. sg. swīn, 1287.
+
+swīn-līc, st. n., _swine-image_ or _body_: instr. pl. swīn-līcum, 1454.
+
+swōgan, st. v., _to whistle, roar_: pres. part. swōgende lēg, 3146.
+
+swutol. See sweotol.
+
+swylc, swilc (Goth, swa-leik-s), demons, adj. = _talis, such, such a_;
+relative = _qualis, as, which_: nom. sg. swylc, 178, 1941, 2542, 2709;
+swylc ... swylc=talis ... qualis, 1329; acc. sg. swylc, 2799; eall ...
+swylc (_all ... which, as_), 72; ōðer swylc (_such another_, i.e. hand),
+1584; on swylc (_on such things_), 997; dat. sg. gūð-fremmendra swylcum
+(_to such a battle-worker_, i.e. Bēowulf), 299; gen. sg. swylces hwæt
+(_some such_), 881; acc. pl. swylce, 2870; call swylce ... swylce, 3166;
+swylce twēgen (_two such_), 1348; ealle þearfe swylce (_all needs that_),
+1798; swylce hīe ... findan meahton sigla searo-gimma (_such as they might
+find of jewels and cunning gems_), 1157; efne swylce mǣla swylce (_at just
+such times as_), 1250; gen. pl. swylcra searo-nīða, 582; swylcra fela ...
+ǣr-gestrēona, 2232.
+
+swylce, adv., _as, as also, likewise, similarly_, 113, 293, 758, 831, 855,
+908, 921, 1147, 1166, 1428, 1483, 2460, 2825; gē swylce (_and likewise_),
+2259; swilce, 1153.
+
+swylt, st. m., _death_: nom. sg., 1256, 1437.
+
+swylt-dæg, st. m., _death-day_: dat. sg. ǣr swylt-dæge, 2799.
+
+swynsian, w. v., _to sound_: pret. sg. hlyn swynsode, 612.
+
+swyrd. See sweord.
+
+swȳðl. See swīð.
+
+swȳn. See swīn.
+
+syððan (seðian, Gen. 1525), w. v., _to punish, avenge_, w. acc.: inf. þonne
+hit sweordes ecg syððan scolde (_then the edge of the sword should avenge
+it_), 1107.
+
+syððan. See siððan.
+
+syfan-wintre, adj., _seven-winters-old_: nom. sg., 2429.
+
+syhð. See sēon.
+
+syl (O.H.G. swella), st. f., _sill, bench-support_: dat. sg. fram sylle,
+776.
+
+sylfa. See selfa.
+
+syllan. See sellan.
+
+syllīc. See sellīc.
+
+symbol, syml, st. n., _banquet, entertainment_: acc. sg. symbel, 620, 1011;
+geaf mē sinc and symbel (_gave me treasure and feasting_, i.e. made me his
+friend and table-companion), 2432; þæt hīe ... symbel ymbsǣton (_that they
+might sit round their banquet_), 564; dat. sg. symle, 81, 489, 1009;
+symble, 119, 2105; gen. pl. symbla, 1233.
+
+symble, symle, adv., _continually, ever_: symble, 2451; symle, 2498; symle
+wæs þȳ sǣmra (_he was ever the worse, the weaker_, i.e. the dragon), 2881.
+
+symbel-wyn, st. f., _banqueting-pleasure, joy at feasting_: acc. sg.
+symbel-wynne drēoh, 1783.
+
+syn, st. f., _sin, crime_: nom. synn and sacu, 2473; dat. instr. pl.
+synnum, 976, 1256, 3072.
+
+syn. See sin.
+
+syn-bysig, adj., (culpa laborans), _persecuted on account of guilt?_
+(Rieger), _guilt-haunted?_: nom. sg. secg syn-[by]sig, 2228.
+
+ge-syngian, w. v., _to sin, commit a crime_: pret. part. þæt wæs feohlēas
+ge-feoht, fyrenum ge-syngad, 2442.
+
+synnig, adj., _sin-laden, sinful_: acc. sg. m. sinnigne secg, 1380.--Comp.:
+fela-, un-synnig.
+
+ge-synto, f., _health_: dat. pl. on gesyntum, 1870.
+
+syrce. See serce.
+
+syrwan, w. v. w. acc., _to entrap, catch unawares_: pret. sg. duguðe and
+geogoðe seomade and syrede, 161.
+
+be-syrwan: 1) _to compass_ or _accomplish by finesse; effect_: inf. dǣd þē
+wē ealle ǣr ne meahton snyttrum be-syrwan (_a deed that all of us could not
+accomplish before with all our wisdom_), 943.--2) _to entrap by guile and
+destroy_: inf. mynte se mānscaða manna cynnes sumne be-syrwan (_the fell
+foe thought to entrap some one (all?_, see sum) _of the men_), 714.
+
+sȳn, f., _seeing, sight, scene_: comp, an-sȳn.
+
+ge-sȳne, adj., _visible, to be seen_: nom. sg. 1256, 1404, 2948, 3059,
+3160.--Comp.: ēð-ge-sȳne, ȳð-ge-sēne.
+
+T
+
+taligean, w. v.: 1) _to count, reckon, number; esteem, think_: pres. sg. I.
+nō ic mē ... hnāgran gūð-geweorca þonne Grendel hine (_count myself no
+worse than G. in battle-works_), 678; wēn ic talige ...þæt (_I count on the
+hope ... that_), 1846; telge, 2068; sg. III. þæt rǣd talað þæt (_counts it
+gain that_), 2028.--2) _to tell, relate_: sōð ic talige (_I tell facts_),
+532; swā þū self talast (_as thou thyself sayst_), 595.
+
+tācen, st. n., _token, sign, evidence_: nom. sg. tācen sweotol, 834; dat.
+instr. sg. sweotolan tācne, 141; tīres tō tācne, 1655.--Comp. luf-tācen.
+
+tān, st. m., _twig_: in comp. āter-tān. [emended to āter-tēarum in
+text--KTH]
+
+ge-tǣcan, w. v., _to show, point out_: pret. sg. him þā hilde-dēor hof
+mōdigra torht ge-tǣhte (_the warrior pointed out to them the bright
+dwelling of the bold ones_, i.e. Danes), 313. Hence, _to indicate, assign_:
+pret. sōna mē se mǣra mago Healfdenes ... wið his sylfes sunu setl getǣhte
+(_assigned me a seat by his own son_), 2014.
+
+tǣle, adj., _blameworthy_: in comp. un-tǣle.
+
+ge-tǣse, adj., _quiet, still_: nom. sg. gif him wǣre ... niht ge-tǣse
+(_whether he had a pleasant, quiet, night_), 1321.
+
+tela, adv., _fittingly, well_, 949, 1219, 1226, 1821, 2209, 2738.
+
+telge. See talian.
+
+tellan, w. v., _to tell, consider, deem_: pret. sg. nē his līf-dagas lēoda
+ǣnigum nytte tealde (_nor did he count his life useful to any man_), 795;
+þæt ic mē ǣnigne under swegles begong ge-sacan ne tealde (_I believed not
+that I had any foe under heaven_), 1774; cwæð hē þone gūð-wine gōdne tealde
+(_said he counted the war-friend good_), 1811; hē ūsic gār-wīgend gōde
+tealde (_deemed us good spear-warriors_), 2642; pl. swā (_so that_) hine
+Gēata beam gōdne ne tealdon, 2185.--2) _to ascribe, count against, impose_:
+pret. sg. (Þrȳðo) him wælbende weotode tealde hand-gewriðene, 1937.
+
+ge-tenge, adj., _attached to, lying on_: w. dat. gold ... grunde ge-tenge,
+2759.
+
+tēar, st. m., _tear_: nom. pl. tēaras, 1873.
+
+teoh, st. f., _troop, band_: dat. sg. earmre teohhe, 2939.
+
+(ge?)-teohhian, w. v., _to fix, determine, assign_: pret. sg. ic for lǣssan
+lēan teohhode ... hnāhran rince, 952; pres. part. wæs ōðer in ǣr geteohhod
+(_assigned_)... mǣrum Gēate, 1301.
+
+tēon, st. v., _to draw, lead_: inf. heht ... eahta mēaras ... on flet tēon
+(_bade eight horses be led into the hall_), 1037; pret. sg. mē tō grunde
+tēah fāh fēond-sceaða (_the many-hued fiend-foe drew me to the bottom_),
+553; eft-sīðas tēah (_withdrew, returned_), 1333; sg. for pl. ǣg-hwylcum
+...þāra þe mid Bēowulfe brim-lāde tēah (_to each of those that crossed the
+sea with B._) 1052; pret. part. þā wæs ... heard ecg togen (_then was the
+hard edge drawn_), 1289; wearð ... on næs togen (_was drawn to the
+promontory_), 1440.
+
+ā-tēon, _to wander, go_, intrans.: pret. sg. tō Heorute ā-tēah (_drew to
+Heorot_), 767.
+
+ge-tēon: 1) _to draw_: pret. sg. gomel swyrd ge-tēah, 2611; w. instr. and
+acc. hyre seaxe ge-tēah, brad brūn-ecg, 1546.--2) _to grant, give, lend_:
+imp. nō þū him wearne getēoh þīnra gegn-cwida glædnian (_refuse not to
+gladden them with thy answer_), 366; pret. sg. and þā Bēowulfe bēga
+gehwæðres eodor Ingwina onweald ge-tēah (_and the prince of the Ingwins
+gave B. power over both_), 1045; so, hē him ēst getēah (_gave possession
+of_), 2166.
+
+of-tēon, _to deprive, withdraw_, w. gen. of thing and dat. pers.: pret. sg.
+Scyld Scēfing ... monegum mǣgðum meodo-setla of-tēah, 5; w. acc. of thing,
+hond ... feorh-sweng ne of-tēah, 2490; w. dat. hond (hord, MS.) swenge ne
+of-tēah, 1521.
+
+þurh-tēon, _to effect_: inf. gif hē torn-gemōt þurh-tēon mihte, 1141.
+
+tēon (cf. tēoh, _materia_, O.H.G. ziuc), w. v. w. acc., _to make, work_:
+pret. sg. tēode, 1453;--_to furnish out, deck_: pret. pl. nalas hī hine
+lǣssan lācum tēodan (_provided him with no less gifts_), 43.
+
+ge-tēon, _to provide, do, bring on_: pres. sg. unc sceal weorðan ... swā
+unc Wyrd ge-tēoð, 2527; pret. sg. þē him ... sāre ge-tēode (_who had done
+him this harm_), 2296.
+
+ge-tēona, w. m., _injurer, harmer_: in comp. lāð-ge-tēona.
+
+til, adj., _good, apt, fit_: nom. sg. m. Hālga til, 61; þegn ungemete till
+(of Wīglāf), 2722; fem. wæs sēo þēod tilu, 1251; neut. ne wæs þæt ge-wrixle
+til, 1305.
+
+tilian, w. v. w. gen., _to gain, win_: inf. gif ic ... ōwihte mæg þīnre
+mōd-lufan māran tilian (_if I ... gain_), 1824.
+
+timbrian, w. v., _to build_: pret. part. acc. sg. sæl timbred (_the
+well-built hall_), 307.
+
+be-timbrian, (construere), _to finish building, complete_: pret. pl.
+betimbredon on tȳn dagum beadu-rōfes bēcn, 3161.
+
+tīd, st. f., _-tide, time_: acc. sg. twelf wintra tīd, 147; lange tīd,
+1916; in þā tīde, 2228.--Comp.: ān-, morgen-tīd.
+
+ge-tīðian (from tigðian), w. v., _to grant_: pret. part. impers. wæs ...
+bēne (gen.) ge-tīðad fēasceaftum men, 2285.
+
+tīr, st. m., _glory, repute in war_. gen. sg. tīres, 1655.
+
+tīr-ēadig, adj., _glorious, famous_: dat. sg. tīr-ēadigum menn (of
+Bēowulf), 2190.
+
+tīr-fæst, adj., _famous, rich in glory_. nom. sg. (of Hrōðgār), 923.
+
+tīr-lēas, adj., _without glory, infamous_: gen. sg. (of Grendel), 844.
+
+toga, w. m., _leader_: in comp. folc-toga.
+
+torht, adj., _bright, brilliant_: acc. sg. neut. hof ... torht,
+313.--Comp.: wuldor-torht, heaðo-torht (_loud in battle_).
+
+torn, st. n.: 1) _wrath, insult, distress_: acc. sg. torn, 147, 834; gen.
+pl. torna, 2190.--2) _anger_: instr. sg. torne ge-bolgen, 2402.--Comp.
+līge-torn.
+
+torn, adj., _bitter, cruel_: nom. sg, hrēowa tornost, 2130.
+
+torn-ge-mōt, st. n., (_wrathful meeting_), _angry engagement, battle_: acc.
+sg., 1141.
+
+tō, I. prep. w. dat. indicating direction or tending to, hence: 1) local =
+whither after verbs of motion, _to, up to, at_: cōm tō recede (_to the
+hall_), 721; ēode tō sele, 920; ēode tō hire frēan sittan, 642; gǣð eft ...
+tō medo (_goeth again to mead_), 605; wand tō wolcnum (_wound to the
+welkin_), 1120; sigon tō slǣpe (_sank to sleep_), 1252; 28, 158, 234, 438,
+553, 926, 1010, 1014, 1155, 1159, 1233, etc.; līð-wǣge bær hǣlum tō handa
+(_bore the ale-cup to the hands of the men? at hand?_), 1984; oð þæt niht
+becōm ōðer tō yldum, 2118; him tō bearme cwōm māððum-fæt mǣre (_came to his
+hands, into his possession_), 2405; sǣlde tō sande sīd-fæðme scip
+(_fastened the broad-bosomed ship to the shore_), 1918; þat se harm-scaða
+tō Heorute ā-tēah (_went forth to Heorot_), 767. After verb sittan: site nū
+tō symble (_sit now to the meal_), 489; siððan ... wē tō symble geseten
+hæfdon, 2105; tō ham (_home, at home_), 124, 374, 2993. With verbs of
+speaking: maðelode tō his wine-drihtne (_spake to his friendly lord_), 360;
+tō Gēatum sprec, 1172; so, heht þæt heaðo-weorc tō hagan bīodan (_bade the
+battle-work be told at the hedge_), 2893.--2) with verbs of bringing and
+taking (cf. under on, I., d): hraðe wæs tō būre Bēowulf fetod (_B. was
+hastily brought from a room_), 1311; siððan Hāma æt-wæg tō þǣre byrhtan
+byrig Brōsinga mene (_since H. carried the Brōsing-necklace off from the
+bright city_), 1200; wēan āhsode. fǣhðo to Frȳsum (_suffered woe, feud as
+to, from, the Frisians_), 1208.--3) =end of motion, hence: a) _to, for, as,
+in_: þone god sende folce tō frōfre (_for, as, a help to the folk_), 14;
+gesette ... sunnan and mōnan lēoman to lēohte (_as a light_), 95; ge-sæt
+... tō rune (_sat in counsel_), 172; wearð hē Heaðo-lāfe tō hand-bonan,
+460; bringe ... tō helpe (_bring to, for, help_), 1831; Jofore forgeaf
+āngan dōhtor ... hyldo tō wedde (_as a pledge of his favor_), 2999; so,
+508(?), 666, 907, 972, 1022, 1187, 1263, 1331, 1708, 1712, 2080, etc.;
+secgan tō sōðe (_to say in sooth_), 51; so, 591, 2326. b) with verbs of
+thinking, hoping, etc., _on, for, at, against_: hē tō gyrn-wræce swīðor
+þōhte þonne tō sǣ-lāde (_thought more on vengeance than on the
+sea-voyage_), 1139; sæcce ne wēneð tō Gār-Denum (_nor weeneth of conflict
+with the Spear-Danes_), 602; þonne wēne ic tō þē wyrsan geþinges (_then I
+expect for thee a worse result_), 525; nē ic to Swēoþēode sibbe oððe trēowe
+wihte ne wēne (_nor expect at all of, from, the Swedes_ ...), 2923; wiste
+þǣm āhlǣcan tō þǣm hēah-sele hilde ge-þinged (_battle prepared for the
+monster in the high hall_), 648; wēl bið þǣm þe mot tō fæder fæðmum freoðo
+wilnian (_well for him that can find peace in the Father's arms_), 188;
+þāra þe hē ge-worhte tō West-Denum (_of those that he wrought against the
+West-Danes_), 1579.--4) with the gerund, inf.: tō gefremmanne (_to do_),
+174; tō ge-cȳðanne (_to make known_), 257; tō secganne (_to say_), 473; to
+beflēonne (_to avoid, escape_), 1004; so, 1420, 1725, 1732, 1806, 1852,
+1923, 1942, etc. With inf.: tō fēran, 316; tō friclan, 2557.--5) temporal:
+gewāt him tō gescæp-hwīle (_went at(?) the hour of fate_; or, _to his fated
+rest?_), 26; tō wīdan feore (_ever, in their lives_), 934; āwa tō aldre
+(_for life, forever_), 956; so, tō aldre, 2006, 2499; tō life (_during
+life, ever_), 2433.--6) with particles: wōd under wolcnum tō þæs þe ...
+(_went under the welkin to the point where_ ...), 715; so, elne ge-ēodon tō
+þæs þe, 1968; so, 2411; hē him þæs lēan for-geald ... tō þæs þe hē on reste
+geseah Grendel licgan (_he paid him for that to the point that he saw G.
+lying dead_), 1586; wæs þæt blōd tō þæs hāt (_the blood was hot to that
+degree_), 1617; næs þā long tō þon þæt (_'twas not long till_), 2592, 2846;
+wæs him se man tō þon lēof þæt (_the man was dear to him to that degree_),
+1877; tō hwan siððan wearð hond-rǣs hæleða (_up to what point, how, the
+hand-contest turned out_), 2072; tō middes (_in the midst_), 3142.
+
+II. Adverbial modifier, _quasi_ preposition [better explained in many cases
+as prep. postponed]: l) _to, towards, up to, at_: gēong sōna tō, 1786; so,
+2649; fēhð ōðer tō, 1756; sǣ-lāc ... þē þū hēr tō lōcast (_upon which thou
+here lookest_), 1655; folc tō sǣgon (_the folk looked on_), 1423; þæt hī
+him tō mihton gegnum gangan (_might proceed thereto_), 313; sē þe him
+bealwa tō bōte gelȳfde (_who believed in help out of evils from him_, i.e.
+Bēowulf), 910; him tō anwaldan āre ge-lyfde (_trusted for himself to the
+Almighty's help_), 1273; þē ūs sēceað tō Swēona lēode (_that the Swedes
+will come against us_), 3002.--2) before adj. and adv., _too_: tō strang
+(_too mighty_), 133; tō fæst, 137; tō swȳð, 191; so, 789, 970, 1337, 1743,
+1749, etc.; tō fela micles (_far too much_), 695; hē tō forð ge-stōp (_he
+had gone too far_), 2290.
+
+tōð (G. tunþu-s), st. m., _tooth_: in comp. blōdig-tōð (adj.).
+
+tredan, st. v. w. acc., _to tread_: inf. sǣ-wong tredan, 1965; el-land
+tredan, 3020; pret. sg. wræc-lāstas træd, 1353; medo-wongas træd, 1644;
+græs-moldan træd, 1882.
+
+treddian, tryddian (see trod), w. v., _to stride, tread, go_: pret. sg.
+treddode, 726; tryddode getrume micle (_strode about with a strong troop_),
+923.
+
+trem, st. n., _piece, part_: acc. sg. nē ... fōtes trem (_not a foot's
+breadth_), 2526.
+
+trēow, st. f., _fidelity, good faith_: acc. sg. trēowe, 1073; sibbe oððe
+trēowe, 2923.
+
+trēow, st. n., _tree_: in comp. galg-trēow.
+
+trēowian. See truwian.
+
+trēow-loga, w. m., _troth-breaker, pledge-breaker_: nom. pl. trēow-logan,
+2848.
+
+trodu, st. f., _track, step_: acc. sg. or pl. trode, 844.
+
+ge-trum, st. n., _troop, band_: instr. sg. ge-trume micle, 923.
+
+trum, adj., _strong, endowed with_: nom. sg. heorot hornum trum, 1370.
+
+ge-truwan, w. v. w. acc., _to confirm, pledge solemnly_: pret. sg. þā hīe
+getruwedon on twā healfe fæste frioðu-wǣre, 1096.
+
+truwian, trēowan, w. v., _to trust in, rely on, believe in_: 1) w. dat.:
+pret. sg. sīðe ne truwode lēofes mannes (_I trusted not in the dear man's
+enterprise_), 1994; bearne ne truwode þæt hē ... (_she trusted not the
+child that_ ...), 2371; gehwylc hiora his ferhðe trēowde þæt hē ... (_each
+trusted his heart that_ ...), 1167.--2) w. gen.: pret. sg. Gēata lēod
+georne truwode mōdgan mægnes, 670; wiðres ne truwode, 2954.
+
+ge-truwian, _to rely on, trust in_, w. dat.: pret. sg. strenge ge-truwode,
+mund-gripe mægenes, 1534;--w. gen. pret. sg. beorges ge-truwode, wīges and
+wealles, 2323; strenge ge-truwode ānes mannes, 2541.
+
+tryddian. See treddian.
+
+trȳwe, adj., _true, faithful_: nom. sg. þā gȳt wæs ... ǣghwylc ōðrum
+trȳwe, 1166.
+
+ge-trȳwe, adj., _faithful_: nom. sg. hēr is ǣghwylc eorl ōðrum ge-trȳwe,
+1229.
+
+turf, st. f., _sod, soil, seat_: in comp. ēðel-turf.
+
+tūx, st. m., _tooth, tusk_: in comp. hilde-tūx.
+
+ge-twǣfan, w. v. w. acc. of person and gen. thing, _to separate, divide,
+deprive of, hinder_: pres. sg. III. þæt þec ādl oððe ecg eafoðes ge-twǣfeð
+(_robs of strength_), 1764; inf. god ēaðe mæg þone dol-scaðan dǣda
+ge-twǣfan (_God may easily restrain the fierce foe from his deeds_), 479;
+pret. sg. sumne Gēata lēod ... fēores getwǣfde (_cut him off from life_),
+1434; nō þǣr wǣg-flotan wind ofer ȳðum sīðes ge-twǣfde (_the wind hindered
+not the wave-floater in her course over the water_), 1909; pret. part. æt
+rihte wæs gūð ge-twǣfed (_almost had the struggle been ended_), 1659.
+
+ge-twǣman, w. v. acc. pers. and gen. thing, _to hinder, render incapable
+of, restrain_: inf. ic hine ne mihte ... ganges getwǣman, 969.
+
+twēgen, m. f. n. twā, num., _twain, two_: nom. m. twēgen, 1164; acc. m.
+twēgen, 1348; dat. twǣm, 1192 gen. twēga, 2533; acc. f. twā, 1096, 1195.
+
+twelf, num., _twelve_, gen. twelfa, 3172.
+
+tweone (Frisian twine), num. = _bini, two_: dat. pl. be sǣm tweonum, 859,
+1298; 1686.
+
+twidig, adj., in comp. lang-twidig (_long-assured_), 1709.
+
+tȳder, st. m., _race, descendant_: in comp. un-tȳder, 111.
+
+tȳdre (Frisian teddre), adj., _weak, unwarlike, cowardly_: nom. pl.
+tȳdre, 2848.
+
+tȳn, num., _ten_: uninflect. dat. on tȳn dagum, 3161; inflect. nom.
+tȳne, 2848.
+
+tyrwian, w. v., _to tar_: pret. part. tyrwed in comp.: nīw-tyrwed.
+
+on-tyhtan, w. v., _to urge on, incite, entice_: pret. sg. on-tyhte, 3087.
+
+Þ
+
+þafian, w. v. w. acc., _to submit to, endure_: inf. þæt se þēod-cyning
+þafian sceolde Eofores ānne dōm, 2964.
+
+þanc, st. m.: 1) _thought_: in comp. fore-, hete-, or-, searo-þanc;
+inwit-þanc (adj.).--2) _thanks_ (w. gen. of thing): nom. sg., 929, 1779;
+acc. sg. þanc, 1998, 2795.--3) _content, favor, pleasure_: dat. sg. þā þe
+gif-sceattas Gēata fyredon þyder tō þance (_those that tribute for the
+Geātas carried thither for favor_). 379.
+
+ge-þanc, st. m., _thought_: instr. pl. þēostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.--Comp.
+mōd-ge-þanc.
+
+þanc-hycgende, pres. part., _thoughtful_, 2236.
+
+þancian, w. v., _to thank_: pret. sg. gode þancode ... þæs þe hire se willa
+ge-lamp (_thanked God that her wish was granted_), 626; so, 1398; pl.
+þancedon, 627(?).
+
+þanon, þonon, þonan, adv., _thence_: 1) local: þanon eft gewāt (_he went
+thence back_), 123; þanon up ... stigon (_went up thence_), 224; so, þanon,
+463, 692, 764, 845, 854, 1293; þanan, 1881; þonon, 520, 1374, 2409; þonan,
+820, 2360, 2957.--2) personal: þanon untȳdras ealle on-wōcon (_from him_,
+i.e. Cain, etc.), 111; so, þanan, 1266; þonon, 1961; unsōfte þonon feorh
+oð-ferede (i.e. from Grendel's mother), 2141.
+
+þā, adv.: l) _there, then_, 3, 26, 28, 34, 47, 53, etc. With þǣr: þā þǣr,
+331. With nū: nū þā (_now then_), 658.--2) conjunction, _when, as, since_,
+w. indic., 461, 539, 633, etc.;--_because, whilst, during, since_, 402,
+465, 724, 2551, etc.
+
+þæt, I. demons, pron. acc. neut. of se: demons, nom. þæt (_that_), 735,
+766, etc.; instr. sg. þȳ, 1798, 2029; þæt ic þȳ wǣpne ge-bræd (_that I
+brandished as(?) a weapon; that I brandished the weapon?_), 1665; þȳ
+weorðra (_the more honored_), 1903; þȳ sēft (_the more easily_), 2750; þȳ
+lǣs hym ȳðe þrym wudu wynsuman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the
+waves the winsome boat might carry away_), 1919; nō þȳ ǣr (_not sooner_),
+755, 1503, 2082, 2374, 2467; nō þȳ leng (_no longer, none the longer_),
+975. þȳ =adv., _therefore, hence_, 1274, 2068; þē ... þē = _on this
+account; for this reason ... that, because_, 2639-2642; wiste þē geornor
+(_knew but too well_), 822; hē ... wæs sundes þē sǣnra þē hine swylt fornam
+(_he was the slower in swimming as [whom?] death carried him off_), 1437;
+næs him wihte þē sēl (_it was none the better for him_), 2688; so, 2278.
+Gen. sg. þæs = adv., _for this reason, therefore_, 7, 16, 114, 350, 589,
+901, 1993, 2027, 2033, etc. þæs þe, especially after verbs of thanking, =
+_because_, 108, 228, 627, 1780, 2798;--also = secundum quod: þæs þe hīe
+gewislīcost ge-witan meahton, 1351;--_therefore, accordingly_, 1342, 3001;
+tō þæs (_to that point; to that degree_), 715, 1586, 1617, 1968, 2411; þæs
+georne (_so firmly_), 969; ac hē þæs fæste wæs ... besmiðod (_it was too
+firmly set_), 774; nō þæs frōd leofað gumena bearna þæt þone grund wite
+(_none liveth among men so wise that he should know its bottom_), 1368; hē
+þæs (þǣm, MS.) mōdig wæs (_had the courage for it_), 1509.
+
+II. conj. (relative), _that, so that_, 15, 62, 84, 221, 347, 358, 392, 571,
+etc.; oð þæt (_up to that, until_); see oð.
+
+þætte (from þæt þe, see þē), _that_, 151, 859, 1257, 2925, etc.; þæt þe
+(_that_), 1847.
+
+þǣr: 1) demons. adv., _there (where)_, 32, 36, 89, 400, 757, etc.;
+morðor-bealo māga, þǣr hēo ǣr mǣste hēold worolde wynne (_the death-bale of
+kinsmen where before she had most worldly joy_), 1080. With þā: þā þǣr,
+331; þǣr on innan (_therein_), 71. Almost like Eng. expletive _there_, 271,
+550, 978, etc.;--_then, at that time_, 440;--_thither_: þǣr swīð-ferhðe
+sittan ēodon (_thither went the bold ones to sit_, i.e. to the bench), 493,
+etc.--2) relative, _where_, 356, 420, 508, 513, 522, 694, 867, etc.; ēode
+... þǣr se snottra bād (_went where the wise one tarried_), 1314; so,
+1816;--_if_, 763, 798, 1836, 2731, etc.;--_whither_: gā þǣr hē wille, 1395.
+
+þē, þe, I. relative particle, indecl., partly standing alone, partly
+associated with se, sēo, þæt: Hunferð maðelode, þē æt fōtum sæt (_H., who
+sat at his feet, spake_), 500; so, 138, etc.; wæs þæt gewin tō swȳð þē on
+þā lēode be-cōm (_the misery that had come on the people was too great_),
+192, etc.; ic wille ... þē þā and-sware ǣdre ge-cȳðan þē mē se gōda
+ā-gifan þenceð (_I will straightway tell thee the answer that the good one
+shall give_), 355; oð þone ānne dæg þē hē ... (_till that very day that he_
+...), 2401; hēo þā fǣhðe wræc þē þū ... Grendel cwealdest (_the fight in
+which thou slewest G._), 1335; mid þǣre sorge þē him sīo sār belamp (_with
+the sorrow wherewith the pain had visited him_), 2469; pl. þonne þā dydon
+þē ... (_than they did that_ ...), 45; so, 378, 1136; þā māðmas þē hē mē
+sealde (_the treasures that he gave me_), 2491; so, ginfæstan gife þē him
+god sealde (_the great gifts that God had given him_), 2183. After þāra þe
+(_of those that_), the depend. verb often takes sg. instead of pl.
+(Dietrich, Haupt XI., 444 seqq.): wundor-sīona fela secga ge-hwylcum þāra
+þe on swylc starað (_to each of those that look on such_), 997; so, 844,
+1462, 2384, 2736. Strengthened by se, sēo, þæt: sægde sē þe cūðe (_said he
+that knew_), 90; wæs se grimma gæst Grendel hāten, sē þe mōras hēold (_the
+grim stranger hight Grendel, he that held the moors_), 103; here-byrne ...
+sēo þe bān-cofan beorgan cūðe (_the corselet that could protect the body_),
+1446, etc.; þǣr ge-lȳfan sceal dryhtnes dōme sē þe hine dēað nimeð (_he
+shall believe in God's judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437,
+1292 (cf. Heliand I., 1308).
+
+þæs þe. See þæt.
+
+þēah þe. See þēah.
+
+for þām þe. See for-þām.
+
+þȳ, þē, _the, by that_, instr. of se: āhte ic holdra þȳ lǣs ... þē dēað
+for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.
+
+þeccan, w. v., _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. þā sceal brond
+fretan, ǣled þeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_),
+3016; pret. pl. þǣr git ēagor-strēam earmum þehton (_in swimming_), 513.
+
+þegn, st. m., _thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg.,
+235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Bēowulf), 194; (Wīglāf), 2722; acc. sg. þegen
+(Bēowulf, MS. þegn), 1872; dat. sg. þegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086;
+(Wīglāf), 2811; gen. sg. þegnes, 1798; nom. pl. þegnas, 1231; acc. pl.
+þegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. þegnum, 2870; gen. pl. þegna, 123, 400, 1628,
+1674, 1830, 2034, etc.--Comp.: ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-þegn.
+
+þegnian, þēnian, w. v., _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him
+þēnode dēoran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i.e. slew them
+with it), 560.
+
+þegn-sorh, st. f., _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg.
+þegn-sorge, 131.
+
+þegu, st. f., _taking_: in comp.: bēah-, bēor-, sinc-þegu.
+
+þel, st. n., _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-þel, 486, 1240.
+
+þencan, w. v.: 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. sē þe wēl þenceð,
+289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nǣnig heora þōhte þæt hē ...
+(_none of them thought that he_), 692.--2) w. inf., _to intend_: pres. sg.
+III. þā and-sware ... þē mē se gōda ā-gifan þenceð (_the answer that the
+good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blōdig wæl) byrgean þenceð, 448;
+þonne hē ... gegān þenceð longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_),
+1536; pret. sg. nē þæt āglǣca yldan þōhte (_the monster did not mean to
+delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wið hronfixas werian þōhton, 541;
+(hine) on healfa ge-hwone hēawan þōhton, 801.
+
+ā-þencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (hē) þis ellen-weorc āna
+ā-þōhte tō ge-fremmanne, 2644.
+
+ge-þencan, w. acc.: 1) _to think of_: þæt hē his selfa ne mæg ... ende
+ge-þencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_),
+1735.--2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-þenc nū ... hwæt wit geō sprǣcon,
+1475.
+
+þenden: 1) adv., _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles fācen-stafas
+Þēod-Scyldingas þenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings
+done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. Wīdsīð, 45 seqq.); þenden
+rēafode rinc ōðerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i.e. Eofor robbed
+Ongenþēow), 2986.--2) conj., _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039,
+2500, 3028;--_whilst_, 2419. With subj., _whilst, as long as_: þenden þū
+mōte, 1178; þenden þū lifige, 1255; þenden hyt sȳ (_whilst the heat
+lasts_), 2650.
+
+þengel, st. m., _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa þengel (Bēowulf),
+1508.
+
+þes (m.), þēos (f.), þis (n.), demons. pron., _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432,
+1703; f., 484; nom. acc. neut., 2156, 2252, 2644; þȳs, 1396; acc. sg. m.
+þisne, 75; f. þās, 1682; dat. sg. neut. þissum, 1170; þyssum, 2640; f.
+þisse, 639; gen. m. þisses, 1217; f. þisse, 929; neut. þysses, 791, 807;
+nom. pl. and acc. þās, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. þyssum, 1063, 1220.
+
+þē. See þæt.
+
+þēh. See þēah.
+
+þearf, st. f., _need_: nom. sg. þearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; þā him wæs manna
+þearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. þearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850;
+fremmað gē nū lēoda þearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_),
+2802; dat. sg. æt þearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum
+ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the
+thane's needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-þegn, 1795.--Comp.: firen-, nearo-,
+ofer-þearf.
+
+þearf. See þurfan.
+
+ge-þearfian, w. v., = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. þā him swā
+ge-þearfod wæs (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.
+
+þearle, adv., _very, exceedingly_, 560.
+
+þēah, þēh, conj., _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þēah, 203,
+526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þēah þe, 683,
+1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þēah ... eal (_although_), 681.--2)
+with indic.: þēah, 1103; þēh, 1614.--3) doubtful: þēah hē ūðe wēl, 2856;
+swā þēah (_nevertheless_), 2879; nō ... swā þēah (_not then however_), 973;
+næs þē forht swā þēh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwæðre swā þēah
+(_yet however_), 2443.
+
+þēaw, st. m., _custom, usage_: nom. sg., 178, 1247; acc. sg. þēaw, 359;
+instr. pl. þēawum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
+
+þeód, st. f.: 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg., 644, 1231, 1251.--2)
+_nation, folk_: nom. sg., 1692; gen. pl. þēoda, 1706.--Comp.: sige-,
+wer-þēod.
+
+þēod-cyning, st. m., (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:
+nom. sg. (Hrōðgār), 2145; (Ongenþēow), 2964, 2971; þīod-cyning (Bēowulf),
+2580; acc. sg. þēod-cyning (Bēowulf), 3009; gen. sg. þēod-cyninges
+(Bēowulf), 2695; gen. pl. þēod-cyninga, 2.
+
+þēoden, st. m., _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg., 129,
+365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc.; þīoden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þēoden, 34,
+201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þīoden, 2789; dat. sg. þēodne, 345,
+1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc.; þēoden, 2033; gen. sg. þēodnes 798, 911,
+1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þīodnes, 2657; nom. pl. þēodnas, 3071.
+
+þēoden-lēas, adj., _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þēoden-lēase, 1104.
+
+þēod-gestrēon, st. n., _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.
+þēod-ge-strēonum, 44; gen. pl. þēod-ge-strēona, 1219.
+
+þēodig, adj., _appertaining to a_ þēod: in comp. el-þēodig.
+
+þēod-scaða, w. m., _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þēod-sceaða
+(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
+
+þēod-þrēa, st. f. m., _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið
+þēod-þrēaum, 178.
+
+þēof, st. m., _thief_: gen. sg. þēofes cræfte, 2221.
+
+þēon, st. v.: 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þāh (_grew
+in glory_), 8.--2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hūru þæt on lande
+lȳt manna þāh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
+
+ge-þēon, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þēoh
+tela, 1219; inf. lof-dǣdum sceal ... man geþēon, 25; þæt þæt þēodnes bearn
+ge-þēon scolde, 911.
+
+on-þēon? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen.: pret. hē þæs ǣr onþāh, 901. [In
+MS. Emended in text.--KTH] See Note l. 901.
+
+þēon (for þēowan), w. v., _to oppress, restrain_: inf. næs se folc-cyning
+ymb-sittendra ǣnig þāra þe mec ... dorste egesan þēon (_that durst oppress
+me with terror_), 2737.
+
+þēostor, adj., _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þēostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.
+
+þēow, st. m., _slave, serf_ 2225.
+
+þicgan, st. v. w. acc., _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þæt hē
+(Grendel) mā mōste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þā niht, 737; symbel þicgan
+(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þæt hīe mē þēgon, 563;
+þǣr wē medu þēgun, 2634.
+
+ge-þicgan, w. acc., _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)
+ge-þeah, 619, 629; Bēowulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful
+manig) ge-þǣgon, 1015.
+
+þider, þyder, adv., _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
+
+þīhtig, þȳhtig, adj., _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord ...
+ecgum þȳhtig, 1559.--Comp. hyge-þīhtig.
+
+þincan. See þyncan.
+
+þing, st. n.: 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ǣnige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,
+2906.--2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. mē wearð Grendles þing
+... undyrne cūð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409.--3)
+_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(?): acc. sg. sceal ... āna gehegan
+þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the
+giant_: see hegan), 426.
+
+ge-þing, st. n.: 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086.--2) _fate,
+providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS.), 525.
+
+ge-þingan, st. v., _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX., 430):
+pret. part. cwēn mōde ge-þungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),
+625. See wēl-þungen.
+
+ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v.: 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,
+_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him þonne Hrēðrīc tō hofum Gēata
+ge-þingeð _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at?) _with the court of
+the Gēatas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the
+service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo.--2) _to prepare, appoint_:
+pret. part. wiste [æt] þǣm āhlǣcan ... hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wæs ...
+mēce ge-þinged, 1939.
+
+þingian, w. v.: 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne
+hȳrde ic snotor-līcor on swā geongum feore guman þingian (_I never heard a
+man so young speak so wisely_), 1844.--2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:
+inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo ... fēo þingian (_would not compound the
+life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. þā fǣhðe fēo þingode, 470.
+
+þīhan. See þēon.
+
+þin, possess, pron., _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.
+
+ge-þōht, st. m., _thought, plan_: acc. sg. ān-fealdne ge-þōht, 256;
+fæst-rǣdne ge-þōht, 611.
+
+þolian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) þolian,
+833; pres. sg. III. þrēa-nȳd þolað, 284; pret. sg. þolode þrȳðswȳð,
+131.--2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans.) þenden þis
+sweord þolað (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (sēo ecg)
+þolode ǣr fela hand-gemōta, 1526.
+
+ge-þolian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. tō ge-þolianne, 1420;
+pret. sg. earfoð-lice þrāge ge-þolode..., þæt hē ... drēam gehȳrde (_bore
+ill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-þolode (_bore the
+misery_), 147.--2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. þǣr hē longe sceal on þæs
+waldendes wǣre ge-þolian, 3110.
+
+þon (Goth, þan) = _tum, then, now_, 504; æfter þon (_after that_), 725; ǣr
+þon dæg cwōme (_ere day came_), 732; nō þon lange (_it was not long till
+then_), 2424; næs þā long tō þon (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846;
+wæs him se man tō þon lēof þæt ... _(the man was to that degree dear to him
+that ..._), 1877.
+
+þonne: 1) adv., _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672,
+1823, 3052, 3098(?).--2) conj., _if, when, while_: a) w. indic., 573, 881,
+935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc.; þæt ic
+gum-cystum gōdne funde bēaga bryttan, brēac þonne mōste (_that I found a
+good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj., 23,
+1180, 3065; þonne ...þonne (_then ... when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif þonne
+...þonne (_if then ... then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44,
+248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc.; a comparative must be supplied,
+l. 70, before þone: þæt hē ... hātan wolde medo-ærn micel men ge-wyrcean
+þone yldo bearn ǣfre ge-frūnon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men
+had ever known_).
+
+þracu, st. f., _strength, boldness_: in comp. mōd-þracu; = impetus in
+ecg-þracu.
+
+þrāg, st. f., _period of time, time_: nom. sg. þā hine sīo þrāg be-cwōm
+(_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. þrāge (_for a
+time_), 87; longe (lange) þrāge, 54, 114.--Comp. earfoð-þrāg.
+
+ge-þræc, st. n., _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-þræc.
+
+þrec-wudu, st. m., (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mægen-wudu): acc. sg.,
+1247.
+
+þrēa, st. m. f., _misery, distress_: in comp. þēod-þrēa, þrēa-nēdla, -nȳd.
+
+þrēa-nēdla, w. m., _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for þrēa-nēdlan,
+2225.
+
+þrea-nȳd, st. f., _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. þrēa-nȳd, 284; dat.
+pl. þrēa-nȳdum, 833.
+
+þrēat, st. m., _troop, band_: dat. sg. on þām þrēate, 2407; dat. pl.
+sceaðena þrēatum, 4.--Comp. īren-þrēat.
+
+þrēatian, w. v. w. acc., _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec ...þrēatedon,
+560.
+
+þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m., _thirteenth_: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg,
+2407.
+
+þrēo, num. (neut.), _three_: acc. þrīo wicg, 2175; þrēo hund wintra, 2279.
+
+þridda, num. adj. w. m., _third_: instr. þriddan sīðe, 2689.
+
+ge-þring, st. n., _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.
+
+þringan, st. v., _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra tō lȳt þrong ymbe þēoden
+(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. syððan
+Hrēðlingas tō hagan þrungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the
+hedge_), 2961.
+
+for-þringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. þæt hē ne mehte ...þā
+wēa-lāfe wīge for-þringan þēodnes þegne (_that he could not rescue the
+wretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.
+
+ge-þringan, _to press_: pret. sg. cēol up geþrang (_the ship shot up_),
+i.e. on the shore in landing), 1913.
+
+þrītig, num., _thirty_ (neut. subst.): acc. sg. w. partitive gen.: þrītig
+þegna, 123; gen. þrīttiges (XXXtiges MS.) manna, 379.
+
+þrīst-hȳdig, adj., _bold-minded, valorous_: nom. sg. þīoden þrīst-hȳdig
+(Bēowulf), 2811.
+
+þrowian, w. v. w. acc., _to suffer, endure_: inf. (hāt, gnorn) þrowian,
+2606, 2659; pret. sg. þrowade, 1590, 1722; þrowode, 2595.
+
+þrȳð, st. f., _abundance, multitude_, _excellence, power_: instr. pl.
+þrȳðum (_excellently, extremely; excellent in strength?_), 494.
+
+þrȳð-ærn, st. n., _excellent house, royal hall_: acc. sg. (of Heorot),
+658.
+
+þrȳðlīc, adj., _excellent, chosen_: nom. sg. þrȳð-līc þegna hēap, 400,
+1628; superl. acc. pl. þrȳð-līcost, 2870.
+
+þrȳð-swȳð, st. n.?, _great pain_ (?): acc., 131, 737 [? adj., _very
+powerful, exceeding strong_].
+
+þrȳð-word, st. n., _bold speech, choice discourse_: nom. sg., 644. (Great
+store was set by good table-talk: cf. Lachmann's Nibelunge, 1612; Rīgsmāl,
+29, 7, in Möbius, p. 79b, 22.)
+
+þrym, st. m.: 1) _power, might, force_: nom. sg. ȳða þrym, 1919; instr.
+pl. = adv. þrymmum (_powerfully_), 235.--2) _glory, renown_: acc. sg. þrym,
+2.--Comp. hyge-þrym.
+
+þrym-līc, adj., _powerful, mighty_: nom. sg. þrec-wudu þrym-līc (_the
+mighty spear_), 1247.
+
+þū, pron., _thou_, 366, 407, 445, etc.; acc. sg. þec (poetic), 948, 2152,
+etc.; þē, 417, 426, 517, etc.; after compar. sēlran þē (_a better one than
+thee_), 1851. See gē.
+
+þunca, w. m. See æf-þunca.
+
+ge-þungen. See ge-þingan, st. v.
+
+þurfan, pret.-pres. v., _to need_: pres. sg. II. nō þū ne þearft ...
+sorgian (_needest not care_), 450; so, 445, 1675; III. ne þearf ...
+onsittan (_need not fear_), 596; so, 2007, 2742; pres. subj. þæt hē ...
+sēcean þurfe, 2496; pret. sg. þorfte, 157, 1027, 1072, 2875, 2996; pl.
+nealles Hetware hrēmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fēðe-wīges (_needed not boast
+of their foot-fight_), 2365.
+
+ge-þuren. See þweran.
+
+þurh, prep. w. acc. signifying motion through, hence: I. local, _through,
+throughout_: wōd þā þurh þone wæl-rēc (_went then through the
+battle-reek_), 2662.--II. causal: l) _on account of, for the sake of, owing
+to_: þurh slīðne nīð (_through fierce hostility, heathenism_), 184; þurh
+holdne hige (_from friendliness_), 267; so, þurh rūmne sefan, 278; þurh
+sīdne sefan, 1727; ēoweð þurh egsan uncūðne nīð (_shows unheard-of
+hostility by the terror he causes_), 276; so, 1102, 1336, 2046. 2) _by
+means of, through_: heaðo-rǣs for-nam mihtig mere-dēor þurh mīne hand, 558;
+þurh ānes cræft, 700; so, 941, 1694, 1696, 1980, 2406, 3069.
+
+þus, adv., _so, thus_, 238, 337, 430.
+
+þunian, w. v., _to din, sound forth_: pret. sg. sund-wudu þunede, 1907.
+
+þūsend, num., _thousand_: 1) fem. acc. ic þē þūsenda þegna bringe tō helpe,
+1830.--2) neut. with measure of value (sceat) omitted: acc. seofan þūsendo,
+2196; gen. hund-þūsenda landes and locenra bēaga (100,000 _sceattas' worth
+of land and rings_), 2995.--3) uninflected: acc. þūsend wintra, 3051.
+
+þwǣre, adj., _affable, mild_: in comp. man-þwǣre.
+
+ge-þwǣre, adj., _gentle, mild_: nom. pl. ge-þwǣre, 1231.
+
+ge-þweran, st. v., _to forge, strike_: pret. part. heoru ... hamere
+ge-þuren (for ge-þworen) (_hammer-forged sword_), 1286.
+
+þȳhtig. See þīhtig.
+
+ge-þyld (see þolian), st. f.: 1) _patience, endurance_: acc. sg. ge-þyld,
+1396.--2) _steadfastness_: instr. pl. = adv.: ge-þyldum (_steadfastly,
+patiently_), 1706.
+
+þyle, st. m., _spokesman, leader of the conversation at court_: nom. sg.,
+1166, 1457.
+
+þyncan, þincean, w. v. w. dat. of pers., _to seem, appear_: pres. sg. III.
+þinceð him tō lȳtel (_it seems to him too little_), 1749; ne þynceð mē
+gerysne, þæt wē _(it seemeth to me not fit that we_ ...), 2654; pres. pl.
+hȳ ... wyrðe þinceað eorla ge-æhtlan (_they seem worthy contenders with_
+(?) _earls_; or, _worthy warriors_), 368; pres. subj. swā him ge-met þince,
+688; inf. þincean, 1342; pret. sg. þūhte, 2462, 3058; nō his līf-gedāl
+sār-līc þūhte secga ǣnigum (_his death seemed painful to none of men_),
+843; pret. pl. þǣr him fold-wegas fægere þūhton, 867.
+
+of-þincan, _to displease, offend_: inf. mæg þæs þonne of-þyncan þēoden
+(dat.) Heaðo-beardna and þegna gehwām þāra lēoda, 2033.
+
+þyrs, st. m., _giant_: dat. sg. wið þyrse (Grendel), 426.
+
+þys-līc, adj., _such, of such a nature_: nom. sg. fem. þys-līcu þearf,
+2638.
+
+þȳ. See þæt.
+
+þȳwan (M.H.G. diuhen, O.H.G. duhan), w. v., _to crush, oppress_: inf. gif
+þec ymb-sittend egesan þȳwað (_if thy neighbors oppress thee with dread_),
+1828.
+
+þȳstru, st. f., _darkness_: dat. pl. in þȳstrum, 87.
+
+ge-þȳwe, adj., _customary, usual_: nom. sg. swā him ge-þȳwe ne wæs (_as
+was not his custom_), 2333.
+
+U
+
+ufan, _adv., from above_, 1501; _above_, 330.
+
+ufera (prop. _higher_), adj., _later_: dat. pl. ufaran dōgrum, 2201, 2393.
+
+ufor, adv., _higher_, 2952.
+
+umbor, st. n., _child, infant_: acc. sg., 46; dat. sg., 1188.
+
+un-blīðe, adv.(?), _unblithely, sorrowfully_, 130, 2269; (adj., nom. pl.?),
+3032.
+
+un-byrnende, pres. part., _unburning, without burning_, 2549.
+
+unc, dat. and acc. of the dual wit, _us two, to us two_, 1784, 2138, 2527;
+gen. hwæðer ... uncer twēga (_which of us two_), 2533; uncer Grendles (_of
+us two, G. and me_), 2003.
+
+uncer, poss. pron., _of us two_: nom. sg. [uncer], 2002(?); dat. pl. uncran
+eaferan, 1186.
+
+un-cūð, adj.: 1) _unknown_: nom. sg. stīg ... eldum uncūð, 2215; acc. sg.
+neut. uncūð ge-lād (_unknown ways_), 1411.--2) _unheard-of, barbarous,
+evil_: acc. sg. un-cūðne nīð, 276; gen. sg. un-cūðes (_of the foe_,
+Grendel), 961.
+
+under, I. prep. w. dat. and acc.: 1) w. dat., answering question where? =
+_under_ (of rest), contrasted with _over_: bāt (wæs) under beorge, 211; þā
+cwōm Wealhþēo forð gān under gyldnum bēage (_W. walked forth under a golden
+circlet_, i.e. decked with), 1164; siððan hē under segne sine ealgode
+(_under his banner_), 1205; hē under rande ge-cranc (_sank under his
+shield_), 1210; under wolcnum, 8, 1632; under heofenum, 52, 505; under
+roderum, 310; under helme, 342, 404; under here-grīman, 396, 2050, 2606;
+so, 711, 1198, 1303, 1929, 2204, 2416, 3061, 3104.--2) w. acc.: a)
+answering question whither? = _under_ (of motion): þā secg wīsode under
+Heorotes hrōf, 403; siððan ǣfen-lēoht under heofenes hādor be-holen
+weorðeð, 414; under sceadu bregdan, 708; flēon under fen-hleoðu, 821; hond
+ālegde ... under gēapne hrōf, 837; tēon in under eoderas, 1038; so, 1361,
+1746, 2129, 2541, 2554, 2676, 2745; so, hæfde þā for-sīðod sunu Ecg-þēowes
+under gynne grund, 1552 (for-sīðian requires acc.). b) after verbs of
+venturing and fighting, with acc. of object had in view: hē under hārne
+stān ...āna ge-nēðde frēcne dǣde, 888; ne dorste under ȳða ge-win aldre
+ge-nēðan, 1470. c) indicating extent, with acc. after expressions of limit,
+etc.: under swegles begong (_as far as the sky extends_), 861, 1774; under
+heofenes hwealf (_as far as heaven's vault reaches_), 2016.
+
+II. Adv., _beneath, below_: stīg under læg (_a path lay beneath_, i.e. the
+rock), 2214.
+
+undern-mǣl, st. n., _midday_: acc. sg., 1429.
+
+un-dyrne, un-derne, adj., _without concealment, plain, clear_: nom. sg.,
+127, 2001; un-derne, 2912.
+
+un-dyrne, adv., _plainly, evidently_; un-dyrne cūð, 150, 410.
+
+un-fǣger, adj., _unlovely, hideous_: nom. sg. lēoht un-fǣger, 728.
+
+un-fǣcne, adj., _without malice, sincere_: nom. sg., 2069.
+
+un-fǣge, adj., _not death-doomed_ or "_fey_": nom. sg., 2292; acc. sg.
+un-fǣgne eorl, 573.
+
+un-flitme, adv., _solemnly, incontestably_: Finn Hengeste elne unflitme
+āðum benemde (_F. swore solemnly to H. with oaths_) [if an adj., elne un-f.
+= _unconquerable in valor_], 1098.
+
+un-forht, adj., _fearless, bold_: nom. sg., 287; acc. pl. unforhte (adv.?),
+444. See Note.
+
+un-from, adj., _unfit, unwarlike_: nom. sg., 2189.
+
+un-frōd, adj., _not aged, young_: dat sg. guman un-frōdum, 2822.
+
+un-gedēfelīce, adv., _unjustly, contrary to right and custom_, 2436.
+
+un-gemete, adv., _immeasurably, exceedingly_, 2421, 2722, 2729.
+
+un-gemetes, adv. gen. sg., the same, 1793.
+
+un-geāra, adv., (_not old_), _recently, lately_, 933; _soon_, 603.
+
+un-gifeðe, adj., _not to be granted; refused_: nom. sg., 2922.
+
+un-glēaw, adj., _regardless, reckless_: acc. sg. sweord ... ecgum unglēaw
+(of a sharp-edged sword), 2565.
+
+un-hār, adj., _very gray_: nom. sg., 357; (_bald_?).
+
+un-hǣlo, st. f., _mischief, destruction_: gen. sg. wiht un-hǣlo (_the demon
+of destruction_, Grendel), 120.
+
+un-hēore, un-hȳre, adj., _monstrous, horrible_: nom. sg. m., weard
+un-hīore (the dragon), 2414; neut. wīf un-hȳre (Grendel's mother), 2121;
+nom. pl. neut. hand-sporu ... unhēoru (of Grendel's claws), 988.
+
+un-hlytme, un-hlitme, adv. (cf. A.S. hlytm = _lot_; O.N. hluti = _part
+division_), _undivided, unseparated_, _united_, 1130 [unless = un-flitme,
+1098]. See Note.
+
+un-lēof, adj., _hated_: acc. pl. seah on un-lēofe, 2864.
+
+un-lifigende, pres. part., _unliving, lifeless_: nom. sg. un-lifigende,
+468; acc. sg. un-lyfigendne, 1309; dat. sg. un-lifgendum, 1390; gen. sg.
+un-lyfigendes, 745.
+
+un-lȳtel, adj., _not little, very large_: nom. sg. duguð un-lȳtel (_a
+great band of warriors_? or _great joy_?), 498; dōm un-lȳtel (_no little
+glory_), 886; acc. sg. torn un-lȳtel (_very great shame, misery_), 834.
+
+un-murnlīce, adv., _unpityingly, without sorrowing_, 449, 1757.
+
+unnan, pret.-pres. v., _to grant, give; wish, will_: pret.-pres. sg. I. ic
+þē an tela sinc-gestrēona, 1226; weak pret. sg. I. ūðe ic swīðor þæt þū
+hine selfne ge-sēon mōste, 961; III. hē ne ūðe þæt ...(_he granted not that
+..._), 503; him god ūðe þæt ... hē hyne sylfne ge-wræc (_God granted to him
+that he avenged himself_), 2875; þēah hē ūðe wēl (_though he well would_),
+2856.
+
+ge-unnan, _to grant, permit_: inf. gif hē ūs ge-unnan wile þæt wē hine ...
+grētan mōton, 346; mē ge-ūðe ylda waldend, þæt ic ... ge-seah hangian (_the
+Ruler of men permitted me to see hanging ..._), 1662.
+
+un-nyt, adj., _useless_: nom. sg., 413, 3170.
+
+un-riht, st. n., _unright, injustice, wrong_: acc. sg. unriht, 1255, 2740;
+instr. sg. un-rihte (_unjustly, wrongly_), 3060.
+
+un-rīm, st. n., _immense number_: nom. sg., 1239, 3136; acc. sg., 2625.
+
+un-rīme, adj., _countless, measureless_: nom. sg. gold un-rīme, 3013.
+
+un-rōt, adj., _sorrowing_: nom. pl. un-rōte, 3149.
+
+un-snyttru, st. f., _lack of wisdom_: dat. pl. for his un-snyttrum (_for
+his unwisdom_), 1735.
+
+un-softe, adv., _unsoftly, with violence_ (_hardly_?), 2141; _scarcely_,
+1656.
+
+un-swȳðe, adv., _not strongly_ or _powerfully_: compar. (ecg) bāt unswīðor
+þonne his þīod-cyning þearfe hæfde (_the sword bit less sharply than the
+prince of the people needed_), 2579; fȳr unswīðor wēoll, 2882.
+
+un-synnig, adj., _guiltless, sinless_: acc. sg. un-synnigne, 2090.
+
+un-synnum, adv. instr. pl., _guiltlessly_, 1073.
+
+un-tǣle, adj., _blameless_: acc. pl. un-tǣle, 1866.
+
+un-tȳder, st. m., _evil race, monster_: nom. pl. un-tȳdras, 111. [Cf.
+Ger. un-mensch.]
+
+un-wāclīc, adj., _that cannot be shaken; firm, strong_: acc. sg. ād ...
+un-wāclīcne, 3139.
+
+un-wearnum, adv. instr. pl., _unawares, suddenly_; (_unresistingly_?), 742.
+
+un-wrecen, pret. part., _unavenged_, 2444.
+
+up, adv., _up, upward_, 224, 519, 1374, 1620, 1913, 1921, 2894; (of the
+voice), þā wæs ... wōp up āhafen, 128; so, 783.
+
+up-lang, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 760.
+
+uppe (adj., ūfe, ūffe), adv., _above_, 566.
+
+up-riht, adj., _upright, erect_: nom. sg., 2093.
+
+uton. See wuton.
+
+Ū
+
+ūð-genge, adj., _transitory, evanescent, ready to depart_, (_fled_?): þǣr
+wæs Æsc-here ... feorh ūð-genge, 2124.
+
+ūhte, w. f., _twilight_ or _dawn_: dat. or acc. on ūhtan, 126.
+
+ūht-floga, w. m., _twilight-flier, dawn-flier_ (epithet of the dragon):
+gen. sg. ūht-flogan, 2761.
+
+ūht-hlem, st. m., _twilight-cry, dawn-cry_: acc. sg., 2008.
+
+ūht-sceaða, w. m., _twilight-_ or _dawn-foe_: nom. sg., 2272.
+
+ūs, pers. pron. dat. and acc. of wē (see wē), _us, to us_, 1822, 2636,
+2643, 2921, 3002, 3079; acc. (poetic), ūsic, 2639, 2641, 2642;--gen. ūre:
+ūre ǣg-hwylc (_each of us_), 1387; ūser, 2075.
+
+ūser, possess, pron.: nom. sg. ūre man-drihten, 2648; dat. sg. ūssum
+hlāforde, 2635; gen. sg. neut. ūsses cynnes, 2814; dat. pl. ūrum ... bām
+(_to us both, two_) (for unc bām), 2660.
+
+ūt, adv., _out_, 215, 537, 664, 1293, 1584, 2082, 2558, 3131.
+
+ūtan, adv., _from without, without_, 775, 1032, 1504, 2335.
+
+ūt-fūs, adj., _ready to go_: nom. sg. hringed-stefna īsig and ūt-fūs, 33.
+
+ūt-weard, adj., _outward, outside, free_: nom. sg. eoten (Grendel) wæs
+ūt-weard, 762.
+
+ūtan-weard, adj., _without, outward, from without_: acc. sg. hlǣw ... ealne
+ūtan-weardne, 2298.
+
+W
+
+wacian, w. v., _to watch_: imper. sg. waca wið wrāðum! 661.
+
+wadan, st. v., (cf. wade, waddle) _to traverse; stride, go_: pret. sg. wōd
+þurh þone wæl-rēc, 2662; wōd under wolcnum (_stalked beneath the clouds_),
+715.
+
+ge-wadan, _to attain by moving, come to, reach_: pret. part. oð þæt ...
+wunden-stefna ge-waden hæfde, þæt þā līðende land ge-sāwon (_till the ship
+had gone so far that the sailors saw land_), 220.
+
+on-wadan, w. acc., _to invade, befall_: pret. sg. hine fyren on-wōd(?),
+916.
+
+þurh-wadan, _to penetrate, pierce_: pret. sg. þæt swurd þurh-wōd wrǣt-līcne
+wyrm, 891; so, 1568.
+
+wāg, st. m., _wall_: dat. sg. on wāge, 1663; dat. pl. æfter wāgum (_along
+the walls_), 996.
+
+wala, w. m., _boss_: nom. pl. walan, 1032 (cf. Bouterwek in Haupt XI., 85
+seqq.).
+
+walda, w. m., _wielder, ruler_: in comp. an-, eal-walda.
+
+wald-swaðu, st. f., _forest-path_: dat. pl. æfter wald-swaðum (_along the
+wood-paths_), 1404.
+
+wam, wom, st. m., _spot, blot, sin_: acc. sg. him be-beorgan ne con wom
+(_cannot protect himself from evil_ or _from the evil strange orders_,
+etc.; wom = wogum? = _crooked_?), 1748; instr. pl. wommum, 3074.
+
+wan, won, adj., _wan, lurid, dark_: nom. sg, ȳð-geblond ... won (_the dark
+waves_), 1375; se wonna hrefn (_the black raven_), 3025; wonna lēg (_lurid
+flame_), 3116; dat. sg. f. on wanre niht, 703; nom. pl. neut. scadu-helma
+ge-sceapu ... wan, 652.
+
+wang, st. m., _mead, field; place_: acc. sg. wang, 93, 225; wong, 1414,
+2410, 3074; dat. sg. wange, 2004; wonge, 2243, 3040; acc. pl. wongas,
+2463.--Comp.: freoðo-, grund-, medo-, sǣ-wang.
+
+wang-stede, st. m., (locus campestris), _spot, place_: dat. sg. wong-stede,
+2787.
+
+wan-hȳd (for hygd), st. f., _heedlessness, recklessness_: dat. pl. for his
+won-hȳdum, 434.
+
+wanian, w. v.: 1) intrans., _to decrease, wane_: inf. þā þæt sweord ongan
+... wanian, 1608.--2) w. acc., _to cause to wane_ or _lessen_: pret. sg. hē
+tō lange lēode mīne wanode, 1338.
+
+ge-wanian, _to decrease, diminish_: pret. part. is mīn flet-werod ...
+ge-wanod, 477.
+
+wan-sǣlig, adj., _unhappy, wretched_: nom. sg. won-sǣlig wer (Grendel),
+105.
+
+wan-sceaft, st. f., _misery, want_: acc. sg. won-sceaft, 120.
+
+warian, w. v. w. acc., _to occupy, guard, possess_: pres. sg. III. þǣr hē
+hǣðen gold warað (_where he guards heathen gold_), 2278; pl. III. hīe
+(Grendel and his mother) dȳgel land warigeað, 1359; pret. sg. (Grendel)
+goldsele warode, 1254; (Cain) wēsten warode, 1266.
+
+waroð, st. m., _shore_: dat. sg. tō waroðe, 234; acc. pl. wide waroðas,
+1966.
+
+waru, st. f., _inhabitants_, (collective) _population_: in comp. land-waru.
+
+wā, interj., _woe!_ wā bið þǣm þe... (_woe to him that..._), 183.
+
+wāðu, st. f., _way, journey_: in comp. gamen-wāðu.
+
+wānian, w. v., _to weep, whine, howl_, w. acc.: inf. gehȳrdon ... sār
+wānigean helle hæftan (_they heard the hell-fastened one lamenting his
+pain_), 788; pret. sg. [wānode], 3152(?).
+
+wāt. See witan.
+
+wæcean, w. v., _to watch_: pret. part wæccende, 709, 2842; acc. sg. m.
+wæccendne wer, 1269. See wacian.
+
+wæcnan, w. v., _to be awake, come forth_: inf., 85.
+
+wæcnan, st. v., _to awake, arise, originate_: pret. sg. þanon (from Cain)
+wōc fela geō-sceaft-gāsta, 1266; so, 1961; pl. þām fēower bearn ... in
+worold wōcun, 60.
+
+on-wæcnan: 1) _to awake_ (intrans.): pret. sg. þā se wyrm on-wōc (_when the
+drake awoke_), 2288.--2) _to be born_: pret. sg. him on-wōc hēah Healfdene,
+56; pl. on-wōcon, 111.
+
+wæd, st. n., (the moving) _sea, ocean_: nom. wado weallende, 546; wadu
+weallendu, 581; gen. pl. wada 508.
+
+wǣfre, adj., _wavering_ (like flame), _ghostlike, without distinct bodily
+form_: nom. sg. wæl-gǣst wǣfre (of Grendel's mother), 1332;--_flickering,
+expiring_: nom. sg. wǣfre mōd, 1151; him wæs geōmor sefa, wǣfre and
+wæl-fūs, 2421.
+
+be-wægnan, w. v., _to offer_: pret part, him wæs ... frēond-laðu wordum
+be-wægned, 1194.
+
+wæl, st. n., _battle, slaughter, the slain in battle_: acc. sg. wæl, 1213,
+3028, blōdig wæl, 448; oððe on wæl crunge (_or in battle, among the slain,
+fall_), 636; dat. sg. sume on wæle crungon (_some fell in the slaughter_),
+1114; dat. sg. in Fr...es wæle (proper name in MS. destroyed), 1071; nom.
+pl. walu, 1043.
+
+wæl-bed, st. n., _slaughter-bed, deathbed_: dat. sg. on wæl-bedde, 965.
+
+wæl-bend, st. f., _death-bond_: acc. sg. or pl. wæl-bende ...
+hand-gewriðene, 1937.
+
+wæl-blēat, adj., _deadly, mortal, cruel_: acc. sg. wunde wæl-blēate, 2726.
+
+wæl-dēað, st. m., _death in battle_: nom. sg., 696.
+
+wæl-drēor, st. m., _battle-gore_: instr. sg. wæl-drēore, 1632.
+
+wæl-fāh, adj., _slaughter-stained, blood-stained_: acc. sg. wæl-fāgne
+winter, 1129.
+
+wæl-fæhð, st. f., _deadly feud_: gen. pl. wæl-fǣhða, 2029.
+
+wæl-feall, st. m., _(fall of the slain), death, destruction_: dat. sg. tō
+wæl-fealle, 1712.
+
+wæl-fūs, adj., _ready for death, foreboding death_: nom. sg., 2421.
+
+wæl-fyllo, st. f., _fill of slaughter_: dat. sg. mid þǣre wæl-fulle (i.e.
+the thirty men nightly slaughtered at Heorot by Grendel), 125; wæl-fylla?
+3155.
+
+wæl-fȳr, st. n.: 1) _deadly fire_: instr. sg. wæl-fȳre (of the
+fire-spewing dragon), 2583.--2) _corpse-consuming fire, funeral pyre_: gen.
+pl. wæl-fȳra mǣst, 1120.
+
+wæl-gǣst, st. m., _deadly sprite_ (of Grendel and his mother): nom. sg.
+wæl-gǣst, 1332; acc. sg. þone wæl-gǣst, 1996.
+
+wæl-hlem, st. m., _death-stroke_: acc. sg. wæl-hlem þone, 1996.
+
+wælm, st. m., _flood, whelming water_: nom. sg. þǣre burnan wælm, 2547;
+gen. sg. þæs wælmes (_of the surf_), 2136.--Comp. cear-wælm.
+
+wæl-nīð, st. m., _deadly hostility_: nom. sg., 3001; dat. sg. æfter
+wæl-nīðe, 85; nom. pl. wæl-nīðas, 2066.
+
+wæl-rāp, st. m., _flood-fetter, i.e. ice_: acc. pl. wæl-rāpas, 1611; (cf.
+wæll, wel, wyll = _well, flood_: leax sceal on wæle mid scēote scrīðan,
+Gnom. Cott. 39).
+
+wæl-rǣs, st. m., _deadly onslaught_: nom. sg., 2948; dat. sg. wæl-rǣse,
+825, 2532.
+
+wæl-rest, st. f., _death-bed_, acc. sg. wæl-reste, 2903.
+
+wæl-rēc, st. m., _deadly reek_ or _smoke_: acc. sg. wōd þā þurh þone
+wæl-rēc, 2662.
+
+wæl-rēaf, st, n., _booty of the slain, battle-plunder_: acc. sg., 1206.
+
+wæl-rēow, adj., _bold in battle_: nom. sg., 630.
+
+wæl-sceaft, st. m., _deadly shaft, spear_: acc. pl. wæl-sceaftas, 398.
+
+wæl-seax, st. n., _deadly knife, war-knife_: instr. sg. wæll-seaxe, 2704.
+
+wæl-stenge, st. m., _battle-spear_: dat. sg. on þām wæl-stenge, 1639.
+
+wæl-stōw, st. f., _battle-field_: dat. sg. wæl-stōwe, 2052, 2985.
+
+wæstm, st. m., _growth, form, figure_: dat. sg. on weres wæstmum (_in man's
+form_), 1353.
+
+wæter, st. n., _water_: nom. sg., 93, 1417, 1515, 1632; acc. sg. wæter,
+1365, 1620; dēop wæter (_the deep_), 509, 1905; ofer wīd wæter (_over the
+high sea]_, 2474; dat. sg. æfter wætere _(along the Grendel-sea_), 1426;
+under wætere (_at the bottom of the sea_), 1657; instr. wætere, 2723;
+wætre, 2855; gen. sg. ofer wæteres hrycg (_over the surface of the sea_),
+471; on wæteres ǣht, 516; þurh wæteres wylm (_through the sea-wave_), 1694;
+gen. = instr. wæteres weorpan (_to sprinkle with water_), 2792.
+
+wæter-egesa, st. m., _water-terror_, i.e. _the fearful sea_: acc. sg., 1261
+
+wæter-ȳð, st. f., _water-wave, billow_: dat. pl. wæter-ȳðum, 2243.
+
+wǣd, st. f., _(weeds), garment_: in comp. here-, hilde-wǣd.
+
+ge-wǣde, st. n., _clothing_, especially _battle-equipments_: acc. pl.
+gewǣdu, 292.--Comp. eorl-gewǣde.
+
+wǣg, st. m., _wave_: acc. sg. wǣg, 3133.
+
+wǣg-bora, w. m., _wave-bearer, swimmer_ (bearing or propelling the waves
+before him): nom. sg. wundorlīc wǣg-bora (of a sea-monster), 1441.
+
+wǣg-flota, w. m., _sea-sailer, ship_: acc. sg. wēg-flotan, 1908.
+
+wǣg-holm, st. m., _the wave-filled sea_: acc. sg. ofer wǣg-holm, 217.
+
+wǣge, st. n., _cup, can_: acc. sg. fǣted wǣge, 2254, 2283.--Comp.: ealo-,
+līð-wǣge.
+
+wǣg-līðend, pres. part., _sea-farer_: dat. pl. wǣg-līðendum (et līðendum,
+MS.), 3160.
+
+wǣg-sweord, st. n., _heavy sword_: acc. sg., 1490.
+
+wǣn, st. m., _wain, wagon_: acc. sg. on wǣn, 3135.
+
+wǣpen, st. n., _weapon; sword_: nom. sg., 1661; acc. sg. wǣpen, 686, 1574,
+2520, 2688; instr. wǣpne, 1665, 2966; gen. wǣpnes, 1468; acc. pl. wǣpen,
+292; dat. pl. wǣpnum, 250, 331, 2039, 2396. --Comp.: hilde-, sige-wǣpen.
+
+wǣpned-man, st. m., _warrior, man_: dat. sg. wǣpned-men, 1285.
+
+wǣr, st. f., _covenant, treaty_: acc. sg. wǣre, 1101;--_protection, care_:
+dat. sg. on frēan (on þæs waldendes) wǣre (_into God's protection_), 27,
+3110.--Comp.: frioðo-wǣr.
+
+wǣsma, w. m., _fierce strength, war-strength_: in comp. here-wǣsma, 678.
+
+wē, pers. pron., _we_, 942, 959, 1327, 1653, 1819, 1820, etc.
+
+web, st. n., _woven work, tapestry_:, nom. pl. web, 996.
+
+webbe, w. f., _webster, female weaver_: in comp. freoðu-webbe.
+
+weccan, weccean, w. v. w. acc., _to wake, rouse; recall_: inf. wīg-bealu
+weccan (_to stir up strife_), 2047; nalles hearpan swēg (sceal) wīgend
+weccean (_the sound of the harp shall not wake up the warriors_), 3025;
+ongunnon þā ... bǣl-fȳra mǣst wīgend weccan (_the warriors then began to
+start the mightiest of funeral pyres_), 3145; pret. sg. wehte hine wætre
+(_roused him with water_, i.e. Wīglāf recalled Bēowulf to consciousness),
+2855.
+
+tō-weccan, _to stir up, rouse_: pret, pl. hū þā folc mid him (_with one
+another_), fǣhðe tō-wehton, 2949.
+
+wed, st. n., (cf. wed-ding), _pledge_: dat. sg. hyldo tō wedde (_as a
+pledge of his favor_), 2999.
+
+weder, st. n., _weather_: acc. pl. wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137; gen. pl.
+wedera cealdost, 546.
+
+ge-wef, st. n., _woof, weaving_: acc. pl. wīg-spēda ge-wiofu (_the woof of
+war-speed_: the battle-woof woven for weal or woe by the Walkyries; cf.
+Njals-saga, 158), 698.
+
+weg, st. m., _way_: acc. sg. on weg (_away, off_), 264, 764, 845, 1431,
+2097; gyf þū on weg cymest (_if thou comest off safe_, i.e. from the battle
+with Grendel's mother), 1383.--Comp.: feor-, fold-, forð-, wīd-weg.
+
+wegan, st. v. w. acc., _to bear, wear, bring, possess_: subj. pres. nāh hwā
+sweord wege (_I have none that may bear the sword_), 2253; inf. nalles
+(sceal) eorl wegan māððum tō ge-myndum (_no earl shall wear a memorial
+jewel_), 3016; pret. ind. hē þā frætwe wæg ... ofer ȳða ful (_bore the
+jewels over the goblet of the waves_), 1208; wæl-seaxe ... þæt hē on byrnan
+wæg, 2705; heortan sorge wæg (_bore heart's sorrow_); so, 152, 1778, 1932,
+2781.
+
+æt-wegan = _auferre, to carry off_: syððan Hāma æt-wæg tō þǣre byrhtan
+byrig Brōsinga mene (_since H. bore from the bright city the
+Brōsing-collar_), 1199.
+
+ge-wegan (O.N. wega), _to fight_: inf. þē hē wið þām wyrme ge-wegan
+sceolde, 2401.
+
+wēl, well, adv.: 1) _well_: wēl bið þǣm þe ... (_well for him that ...!_),
+186; sē þe wēl þenceð (_he that well thinketh, judgeth_), 289; so, 640,
+1046, 1822, 1834, 1952, 2602; well, 2163, 2813.--2) _very, very much_: Gēat
+ungemetes wēl ... restan lyste (_the Geat longed sorely to rest_),
+1793.--3) _indeed, to be sure_, 2571, 2856.
+
+wela, w. m., _wealth, goods, possessions_: in comp. ǣr-, burg-, hord-,
+māððum-wela.
+
+wēl-hwylc, indef. pron., = quivis, _any you please, any_ (each, all): gen.
+pl. wēl-hwylcra wilna, 1345; w. partitive gen.: nom. sg. witena wēl-hwylc,
+266;--substantively: acc. neut. wēl-hwylc, 875.
+
+welig, adj., _wealthy, rich_: acc. sg. wīc-stede weligne Wǣgmundinga, 2608.
+
+wēl-þungen, pres. part., _well-thriven_ (in mind), _mature, high-minded_:
+nom. sg. Hygd (wæs) swīðe geong, wīs, wēl-þungen, 1928.
+
+wenian, w. v., _to accustom, attract, honor_: subj. pret. þæt ...
+Folcwaldan sunu ... Hengestes hēap hringum wenede (_sh. honor_), 1092.
+
+be-(bi-)wenian, _entertain, care for, attend_: pret. sg. mæg þæs þonne
+of-þyncan þēoden Heaðo-beardna ... þonne hē mid fǣmnan on flet gǣð,
+dryht-bearn Dena duguða bi-wenede (_may well displease the prince of the
+H.... when he with the woman goes into the hall, that a noble scion of the
+Danes should entertain, bear wine to, the knights_, cf. 494 seqq.; or, _a
+noble scion of the Danes should attend on her?_), 2036; pret. part. nom.
+pl. wǣron hēr tela willum be-wenede, 1822.
+
+wendan, w. v., _to turn_: pres. sg. III. him eal worold wendeð on willan
+(_all the world turns at his will_), 1740.
+
+ge-wendan, w. acc.: l) _to turn, turn round_: pret. sg. wicg gewende
+(_turned his horse_), 315.--2) _to turn_ (intrans.), _change_: inf. wā bið
+þǣm þe sceal ... frōfre ne wēnan, wihte ge-wendan (_woe to him that shall
+have no hope, shall not change at all_), 186.
+
+on-wendan, _to avert, set aside_: 1) w. acc.: inf. ne mihte snotor hæleð
+wēan on-wendan, 191.--2) intrans.: sibb ǣfre ne mæg wiht on-wendan þām þe
+wēl þenceð (_in, to, him that is well thinking friendship can not be set
+aside_), 2602.
+
+wer, st. m., _man, hero_: nom. sg. (Grendel), 105; acc. sg. wer (Bēowulf),
+1269, 3174; gen. sg. on weres wæstmum (_in man's form_), 1353; nom. pl.
+weras, 216, 1223, 1234, 1441, 1651; dat. pl. werum, 1257; gen. pl. wera,
+120, 994, 1732, 3001; (MS. weora), 2948.
+
+wered, st. n., (as adj. = _sweet_), _a sort of beer_ (probably without hops
+or such ingredients): acc. sg. scīr wered, 496.
+
+were-feohte, f., _defensive fight, fight in self-defence_: dat. pl. for
+were-fyhtum (fere fyhtum, MS.), 457.
+
+werhðo, st. f., _curse, outlawry, condemnation_: acc. sg. þū in helle
+scealt werhðo drēogan, 590.
+
+werian, _to defend, protect_: w. vb., pres. sg. III. beaduscrūda ... þæt
+mīne brēost wereð, 453; inf. wit unc wið hron-fixas werian þōhton, 541;
+pres. part. w. gen. pl. wergendra tō lȳt (_too few defenders_), 2883;
+pret. ind. wæl-rēaf werede (_guarded the battle-spoil_), 1206; se hwīta
+helm hafelan werede (_the shining helm protected his head_), 1449; pl.
+hafelan weredon, 1328; pret. part. nom. pl. gē ... byrnum werede (_ye_ ...
+_corselet-clad_), 238, 2530.
+
+be-werian, _to protect, defend_: pret. pl. þæt hīe ... lēoda land-geweorc
+lāðum be-weredon scuccum and scinnum (_that they the people's land-work
+from foes, from monsters and demons, might defend_), 939
+
+werig, adj., _accursed, outlawed_: gen. sg. wergan gāstes (Grendel), 133;
+(of the devil), 1748.
+
+werod, weorod, st. n., _band of men, warrior-troop_: nom. sg. werod, 652;
+weorod, 290, 2015, 3031; acc. sg. werod, 319; dat. instr. sg. weorode,
+1012, 2347; werede, 1216; gen. sg. werodes, 259; gen. pl. wereda, 2187;
+weoroda, 60.--Comp.: eorl-, flet-werod.
+
+wer-þēod, st. f., _people, humanity_: dat. sg. ofer wer-þēode, 900.
+
+wesan, v., _to be_: pres. sg. I. ic eom, 335, 407; II. þū eart, 352, 506;
+III. is, 256, 272, 316, 343, 375, 473, etc.; nū is þīnes mægenes blǣd āne
+hwīle (_the prime [fame?] of thy powers lasteth now for a while_), 1762;
+ys, 2911, 3000, 3085; pl. I. wē synt, 260, 342; II. syndon, 237, 393; III.
+syndon, 257, 361, 1231; synt, 364; sint, 388; subj. pres. sīe, 435, 683,
+etc.; sȳ, 1832, etc.; sig, 1779, etc.; imper. sg. II. wes, 269 (cf.
+wassail, wes hǣl), 407, 1171, 1220, 1225, etc.; inf. wesan, 272, 1329,
+1860, 2709, etc. The inf. wesan must sometimes be supplied: nealles Hetware
+hrēmge þorfton (i.e. wesan) fēðe-wīges, 2364; so, 2498, 2660, 618, 1858;
+pres. part. wesende, 46; dat. sg. wesendum, 1188; pret. sg. I., III. wæs,
+11, 12, 18, 36, 49, 53, etc.; wæs on sunde (_was a-swimming_), 1619; so,
+848, 850(?), 970, 981, 1293; progressive, wæs secgende (for sǣde), 3029;
+II. wǣre, 1479, etc.; pl. wǣron, 233, 536, 544, etc.; wǣran (w. reflex,
+him), 2476; pret. subj. wǣre, 173, 203, 594, 946, etc.; progressive,
+myndgiend wǣre (for myndgie), 1106.--Contracted neg. forms: , nis = ne +
+is, 249, 1373, etc.; næs = ne + wæs, 134, 1300, 1922, 2193, etc. (cf.
+uncontracted: ne wæs, 890, 1472); nǣron = ne + wǣron, 2658; nǣre = ne +
+wǣre, 861, 1168. See cniht-wesende.
+
+wēg. See wǣg.
+
+wēn, st. f., _expectation, hope_: nom. sg., 735, 1874, 2324; nū is lēodum
+wēn orleg-hwīle (gen.) (_now the people have weening of a time of strife_),
+2911; acc. sg. þæs ic wēn hæbbe (_as I hope, expect_), 383; so, þæs þe ic
+[wēn] hafo, 3001; wēn ic talige, 1846; dat. pl. bēga on wēnum _(in
+expectation of both_, i.e. the death and the return of Bēowulf), 2896. See
+or-wēna.
+
+wēnan, w. v., _to ween, expect, hope_: 1) absolutely; pres. sg. I. þæs ic
+wēne (_as I hope_), 272; swā ic þē wēne tō _(as I hope thou wilt_: Bēowulf
+hopes Hrōðgār will now suffer no more pain), 1397.--2) w. gen. or acc.
+pres. sg. I. þonne wēne ic tō þē wyrsan ge-þinges, 525; ic þǣr heaðu-fȳres
+hātes wēne, 2523; III. secce ne wēneð to Gār Denum (_weeneth not of contest
+with the Gar-Danes_), 601; inf. (beorhtre bōte) wēnan (_to expect, count
+on, a brilliant_ [? _a lighter penalty_] _atonement_), 157; pret. pl. þæs
+ne wēndon ǣr witan Scyldinga þæt ... _the wise men of the Scyldings weened
+not of this before, that_...), 779; þæt hig þæs æðelinges eft ne wēndon þæt
+hē ... sēcean cōme _(that they looked not for the atheling again that he_
+... _would come to seek_ ...), 1598.--3) w. acc. inf.: pret. sg. wēnde,
+934.--4) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I. wēne ic þæt..., 1185; wēn' ic
+þæt..., 338, 442; pret. sg. wēnde, 2330; pl. wēndon, 938, 1605.
+
+wēpan, st. v., _to weep_: pret. sg. [wēop], 3152 (?).
+
+werig, adj., _weary, exhausted_, w. gen.: nom. sg. siðes wērig (_weary from
+the journey, way-weary_), 579; dat. sg. siðes wērgum, 1795;--w. instr.:
+acc. pl. wundum wērge _(wound-weary_), 2938.--Comp.: dēað-, fyl-,
+gūð-wērig.
+
+ge-werigean, w. v., _to weary, exhaust_: pret. part. ge-wērgad, 2853.
+
+wērig-mōd, adj., _weary-minded (animo defessus)_: nom. sg., 845, 1544.
+
+wēste, adj., _waste, uninhabited_: acc. sg. win-sele wēstne, 2457.
+
+wēsten, st. n., _waste, wilderness_: acc. sg. wēsten, 1266.
+
+wēsten, st. f., _waste, wilderness_: dat. sg. on þǣre wēstenne, 2299.
+
+weal, st. m.: 1 _wall, rampart_: dat. instr. sg. wealle, 786, 892, 3163;
+gen. sg. wealles, 2308.--2) _elevated sea-shore_: dat. sg. of wealle, 229;
+acc. pl. windige weallas, 572, 1225.--3) _wall of a building_: acc, sg. wið
+þæs recedes weal, 326; dat. sg. be wealle, 1574; hence, the inner and outer
+rock-walls of the dragon's lair (cf. Heyne's essay: Halle Heorot, p. 59):
+dat. sg., 2308, 2527, 2717, 2760, 3061, 3104; gen. sg. wealles,
+2324.--Comp.: bord-, eorð-, sǣ-, scyld-weal.
+
+ge-wealc, st. n., _rolling_: acc. sg. ofer ȳða ge-wealc, 464.
+
+ge-weald, st. n., _power, might_: acc. sg. on fēonda ge-weald _(into the
+power of his foes_), 809, 904; so, 1685; geweald āgan, hæbban, ā-bēodan (w.
+gen. of object = _to present) = to have power over_, 79, 655, 765, 951,
+1088, 1611, 1728. See on-weald.
+
+wealdan, st. v., _to wield, govern, rule over, prevail_: 1) absolutely or
+with depend, clause: inf. gif hē wealdan mōt (_if he may prevail_), 442;
+þǣr hē ... wealdan mōste swā him Wyrd ne ge-scrāf (_if [where?] he was to
+prevail, as Weird had not destined for him_), 2575; pres. part. waldend
+(_God_), 1694; dat. wealdende, 2330; gen. waldendes, 2293, 2858, 3110.--2)
+with instr. or dat.: inf. þām wǣpnum wealdan (_to wield, prevail with, the
+weapons_), 2039; Gēatum wealdan (_to rule the Gēatas_), 2391; þēah-hordum
+wealdan (_to rule over, control, the treasure of rings_), 2828; wæl-stōwe
+wealdan (_to hold the field of battle_), 2985; pret. sg. wēold, 465, 1058,
+2380, 2596; þenden wordum wēold wine Scyldinga (_while the friend of the S.
+ruled the G._), 30; pl. wēoldon, 2052.--3) with gen.: pres. sg. I. þenden
+ic wealde wīdan rīces, 1860; pres. part. wuldres wealdend(waldend), 17,
+183, 1753; weard, 2514; the _'dragon_ is called ylda waldend, 1662; waldend
+fīra, 2742; sigora waldend, 2876 (designations of God); pret. sg. wēold,
+703, 1771.
+
+ge-wealdan, _to wield, have power over, arrange_: 1) w. acc.: pret. sg.
+hālig god ge-wēold wīg-sigor, 1555.--2) w. dat.: pret. cyning ge-wēold his
+ge-witte (_the king possessed his senses_), 2704.--3) w. gen.: inf. hē ne
+mihte nō ... wǣpna ge-wealdan, 1510.
+
+ge-wealden, pret. part., _subject, subjected_: acc. pl. gedēð him swā
+gewealdene worolde dǣlas, 1733.
+
+weallan, st. v.: 1) _to toss, be agitated_ (of the sea): pres. part. nom.
+pl. wadu weallende (weallendu), 546, 581; nom. sg. brim weallende, 848;
+pret. ind. wēol, 515, 850, 1132; wēoll, 2139.--2) figuratively (of
+emotions), _to be agitated_: pres. pl. III. syððan Ingelde weallað
+wæl-nīðas (_deadly hate thus agitates Ingeld_), 2066; pres. part.
+weallende, 2465; pret. sg. hreðer inne wēoll (_his heart was moved within
+him_), 2114; hreðer ǣðme wēoll (_his breast_ [the dragon's] _swelled from
+breathing, snorting_), 2594; brēost innan wēoll þēostrum ge-þoncum, 2332;
+so, wēoll, 2600, 2715, 2883.
+
+weall-clif, st. n., _sea-cliff_: acc. sg. ofer weall-clif, 3133.
+
+weallian, w. v., _to wander, rove about_: pres. part. in comp.
+heoro-weallende, 2782.
+
+weard, st. m., _warden, guardian; owner_: nom. sg. weard Scyldinga (_the
+Scyldings' warden of the march_), 229; weard, 286, 2240; se weard, sāwele
+hyrde, 1742; the _king_ is called bēah-horda weard, 922; rīces weard, 1391;
+folces weard, 2514; the _dragon_ is called weard, 3061; weard un-hīore,
+2414; beorges weard, 2581; acc. sg, weard, 669; (dragon), 2842; beorges
+weard (dragon), 2525, 3067.--Comp.: bāt-, ēðel-, gold-, hēafod-, hord-,
+hȳð-, land-, rēn-, sele-, yrfe-weard.
+
+weard, st. m., _possession_ (Dietrich in Haupt XI., 415): in comp.
+eorð-weard, 2335.
+
+weard, st. f., _watch, ward_: acc. sg. wearde healdan, 319; wearde hēold,
+305.--Comp. ǣg-weard.
+
+weard, adj., _-ward_: in comp. and-, innan-, ūt-weard, 1288, etc.
+
+weardian, w. v. w. acc.: 1) _to watch, guard, keep_: inf. hē his folme
+forlēt tō līf-wraðe, lāst weardian (_Grendel left his hand behind as a
+life-saver, to guard his track_ [Kemble]), 972; pret. sg. him sīo swīðre
+swaðe weardade hand on Hiorte (_his right hand kept guard for him in H._,
+i.e. showed that he had been there), 2099; sg. for pl. hȳrde ic þæt þām
+frætwum fēower mēaras lungre gelīce last weardode (_I heard that four
+horses, quite alike, followed in the traces of the armor_), 2165.--2) _to
+hold, possess, inhabit_: pret. sg. fīfel-cynnes eard ... weardode (_dwelt
+in the abode of the sea-fiends_), 105; reced weardode un-rīm eorla (_an
+immense number of earls held the hall_), 1238; pl. þǣr wē gesunde sæl
+weardodon, 2076.
+
+wearh, st. m., _the accursed one; wolf_: in comp. heoro-wearg, 1268.
+
+wearn, st. f.: 1) _resistance, refusal_, 366.--2) _warning?, resistance?_
+See un-wearnum, 742.
+
+weaxan, st. v., _to wax, grow_: pres. sg. III. oð þæt him on innan
+ofer-hygda dǣl weaxeð (_till within him pride waxeth_), 1742; inf. weaxan,
+3116; pret. sg. wēox, 8.
+
+ge-weaxan, _to grow up_: pret. sg. oft þæt sēo geogoð ge-wēox, 66.
+
+ge-weaxan to, _to grow to_ or _for something_: pret. sg. ne ge-wēox hē him
+to willan (_grew not for their benefit_), 1712.
+
+wēa, w. m., _woe, evil, misfortune_: nom. sg., 937; acc. sg. wean, 191,
+423, 1207, 1992, 2293, 2938; gen. pl. wēana, 148, 934, 1151, 1397.
+
+wēa-lāf, st. f., _wretched remnant_: acc. pl. þā wēa-lāfe (_the wretched
+remnant_, i.e. Finn's almost annihilated band), 1085, 1099.
+
+wēa-spel, st. n., _woe-spell, evil tidings_: dat. sg. wēa-spelle, 1316.
+
+ge-weoldum. See ge-wild.
+
+weorc, st. n.: 1) _work, labor, deed_: acc. sg., 74; (_war-deed_), 1657;
+instr. sg. weorce, 1570; dat. pl. weorcum, 2097; wordum ne (and) worcum,
+1101, 1834; gen. pl. worda and worca, 289.--2) _work, trouble, suffering_:
+acc. sg. þæs gewinnes weorc (_misery on account of this strife_), 1722;
+dat. pl. adv. weorcum (_with labor_), 1639.--Comp.: bǣdo-, ellen-, heaðo-,
+niht-weorc.
+
+ge-weorc, st. n.: 1) _work, deed, labor_: nom. acc. sg., 455, 1563, 1682,
+2718, 2775; gen. sg. ge-weorces, 2712. Comp.: ǣr-, fyrn-, gūð-, hond-,
+nīð-ge-weorc.--2) _fortification, rampart_: in comp. land-geweorc, 939.
+
+weorce, adj., _painful, bitter_: nom. sg., 1419.
+
+weorð, st. n., _precious object, valuable_: dat. sg. weorðe, 2497.
+
+weorð, adj., _dear, precious_: nom. sg. weorð Denum æðeling (_the atheling
+dear to the Danes_, Bēowulf), 1815; compar. nom. sg. þæt hē syððan wæs ...
+māðme þȳ weorðra (_more honored from the jewel_), 1903; cf. wyrðe.
+
+weorðan, st. v.: 1) _to become_: pres. sg. III. beholen weorðeð (_is
+concealed_), 414; underne weorðeð (_becomes known_), 2914; so, pl. III.
+weorðað, 2067; wurðað, 282; inf. weorðan, 3179; wurðan, 808; pret. sg. I.,
+III. wearð, 6, 77, 149, 409, 555, 754, 768, 819, 824, etc.; pl. wurdon,
+228; subj. pret. wurde, 2732.--2) inf. to frōfre weorðan (_to become a
+help_), 1708; pret. sg. wearð hē Heaðolāfe tō hand-bonan, 460; so, wearð,
+906, 1262; ne wearð Heremōd swā (i.e. to frōfre) eaforum Ecgwelan, 1710;
+pl. wurdon, 2204; subj. pret. sg. II. wurde, 588.--3) pret. sg. þæt hē on
+fylle wearð (_that he came to a fall_), 1545.--4) _to happen, befall_: inf.
+unc sceal weorðan ... swā unc Wyrd ge-tēoð (_it shall befall us two as Fate
+decrees_), 2527; þurh hwæt his worulde gedāl weorðan sceolde, 3069; pret.
+sg. þā þǣr sōna wearð ed-hwyrft eorlum (_there was soon a renewal to the
+earls_, i.e. of the former perils), 1281.
+
+ge-weorðan: 1) _to become_: pret. sg. ge-wearð, 3062; pret. part. cearu wæs
+genīwod ge-worden (_care was renewed_), 1305; swā us ge-worden is,
+3079.--2) _to finish; complete?_: inf. þæt þū ... lēte Sūð-Dene sylfe
+ge-weorðan gūðe wið Grendel (_that thou wouldst let the S. D. put an end to
+their war with Grendel_), 1997.--3) impersonally with acc., _to agree,
+decide_: pret. sg. þā þæs monige ge-wearð þæt ... (_since many agreed that_
+...), 1599; pret. part. hafað þæs ge-worden wine Scyldinga, rīces hyrde,
+and þæt rǣd talað þæt hē ... (_therefore hath it so appeared(?) advisable
+to the friend of the S., the guardian of the realm, and he counts it a gain
+that_ ...), 2027.
+
+weorð-ful, adj., _glorious, full of worth_: nom. sg. weorð-fullost, 3100.
+
+weorðian, w. v., _to honor, adorn_: pret. sg. þǣr ic ... þīne lēode
+weorðode weorcum (_there honored I thy people by my deeds_), 2097; subj.
+pret. (þæt hē) æt feoh-gyftum ... Dene weorðode (_that he would honor the
+Danes at, by, treasure-giving_), 1091.
+
+ge-weorðian, ge-wurðian, _to deck, ornament_: pret. part. hire syððan wæs
+æfter bēah-þege brēost ge-weorðod, 2177; wǣpnum ge-weorðad, 250; since
+ge-weorðad, 1451; so, ge-wurðad, 331, 1039, 1646; wide ge-weorðad (_known,
+honored, afar_), 1960.
+
+weorð-līce, adv., _worthily, nobly_: superl. weorð-līcost, 3163.
+
+weorð-mynd, st. f. n., _dignity, honor, glory_: nom. sg., 65; acc. sg.
+geseah þā eald sweord ..., wigena weorðmynd (_saw an ancient sword there,
+the glory of warriors_), 1560; dat. instr. pl. weorð-myndum, 8; tō
+worð-myndum, 1187; gen. pl. weorð-mynda dǣl, 1753.
+
+weorðung, st. f., _ornament_: in comp. brēost-, hām-, heorft-, hring-,
+wīg-weorðung.
+
+weorod. See werod.
+
+weorpan, st. v.: 1) _to throw, cast away_, w. acc.: pret. sg. wearp þā
+wunden-mǣl wrǣttum gebunden yrre ōretta, þæt hit on eorðan læg (_the
+wrathful warrior threw the ornamented sword, that it lay on the earth_),
+1532.--2) _to throw around_ or _about_, w. instr.: pret. sg. beorges weard
+. .. wearp wæl-fȳre (_threw death-fire around_), 2583.--3) _to throw
+upon_: inf. hē hine eft ongan wæteres (instr. gen.) weorpan (_began to cast
+water upon him again_), 2792.
+
+for-weorpan, w. acc., _to cast away, squander_: subj. pret. þæt hē gēnunga
+gūð-gewǣdu wrāðe for-wurpe (_that he squandered uselessly the
+battle-weeds_, i.e. gave them to the unworthy), 2873.
+
+ofer-weorpan, _to stumble_: pret. sg. ofer-wearp þā ... wigena strengest,
+1544.
+
+weotian, w. v., _to provide with, adjust_(?): pret. part. acc. pl.
+wæl-bende weotode, 1937.
+
+be-weotian, be-witian, w. v. w. acc., _to regard, observe, care for_: pres.
+pl. III. be-witiað, 1136; pret. sg. þegn ... sē þe ... ealle be-weotede
+þegnes þearfe (_who would attend to all the needs of a thane_), 1797; draca
+sē þe ... hord be-weotode (_the drake that guarded a treasure_), 2213;--_to
+carry out, undertake_: pres. pl. III. þā ... oft be-witigað sorh-fulne sīð
+on segl-rāde, 1429.
+
+wicg, st. n., _steed, riding-horse_: nom. sg., 1401; acc. sg. wicg, 315;
+dat. instr. sg. wicge, 234; on wicge, 286; acc. pl. wicg, 2175; gen. pl.
+wicga, 1046.
+
+ge-widor, st. n., _storm, tempest_: acc. pl. lāð ge-widru (_loathly
+weather_), 1376.
+
+wið prep. w. dat. and acc., with fundamental meanings of division and
+opposition: 1) w. dat., _against, with_ (in hostile sense), _from_: þā wið
+gode wunnon, 113; āna (wan) wið eallum, 145; ymb feorh sacan, lāð wið
+lāðum, 440; so, 426, 439, 550, 2372, 2521, 2522, 2561, 2840, 3005; þæt him
+holt-wudu ... helpan ne meahte, lind wið līge, 2342; hwæt ... sēlest wǣre
+wið fǣr-gryrum tō ge-fremmanne, 174; þæt him gāst-bona gēoce gefremede wið
+þēod-þrēaum, 178; wið rihte wan (_strove against right_), 144; hæfde ...
+sele Hrōðgāres ge-nered wið nīðe (_had saved H.'s hall from strife_), 828;
+(him dyrne langað ...) beorn wið blōde (_the hero longeth secretly contrary
+to his blood_, i.e. H. feels a secret longing for the non-related Bēowulf),
+1881; sundur ge-dǣlan līf wið līce (_to sunder soul from body_), 2424;
+strēamas wundon sund wið sande (_the currents rolled the sea against the
+sand_), 213; līg-ȳðum forborn bord wið ronde (rond, MS.) (_with waves of
+flame burnt the shield against, as far as, the rim_), 2674; holm storme
+wēol, won wið winde (_the sea surged, wrestled with the wind_), 1133; so,
+hiora in ānum wēoll sefa wið sorgum (_in one of them surged the soul with
+sorrow_ [_against_?, Heyne]), 2601; þæt hire wið healse heard grāpode
+(_that the sharp sword bit against her neck_), 1567.--2) w. acc.: a)
+_against, towards_: wan wið Hrōðgār (_fought against H._), 152; wið fēonda
+gehwone, 294; wið wrāð werod, 319; so, 540, 1998, 2535; hine hālig god ūs
+on-sende wið Grendles gryre, 384; þæt ic wið þone gūð-flogan gylp
+ofer-sitte (_that I refrain from boastful speech against the
+battle-flier_), 2529; ne wolde wið manna ge-hwone ... feorh-bealo feorran
+(_would not cease his life-plotting against any of the men_; or, _withdraw
+life-bale from_, etc.? or, _peace would not have with any man..., mortal
+bale withdraw_?, Kemble), 155; ic þā lēode wāt gē wið fēond gē wið frēond
+fæste geworhte (_towards foe and friend_), 1865; hēold hēah-lufan wið
+hæleða brego (_cherished high love towards the prince of heroes_), 1955;
+wið ord and wið ecge ingang forstōd (_prevented entrance to spear-point and
+sword-edge_), 1550. b) _against, on, upon, in_: setton sīde scyldas ... wið
+þæs recedes weal (_against the wall of the hall_), 326; wið eorðan fæðm
+(eardodon) (_in the bosom of the earth_), 3050; wið earm ge-sæt (_sat on,
+against, his arm_), 750; so, stīð-mōd ge-stōd wið stēapne rond, 2567; [wið
+duru healle ēode] (_went to the door of the hall_), 389; wið Hrefna-wudu
+(_over against, near, H._), 2926; wið his sylfes sunu setl ge-tǣhte
+(_showed me to a seat with, near, beside, his own son_), 2014. c) _towards,
+with_ (of contracting parties): þæt hīe healfre ge-weald wið Eotena bearn
+āgan mōston (_that they power over half the hall with the Eotens' sons were
+to possess_), 1089; þenden hē wið wulf wæl rēafode (_whilst with the wolf
+he was robbing the slain_), 3028.--3) Alternately with dat. and acc.,
+_against_: nū wið Grendel sceal, wið þām āglǣcan, āna gehegan þing wið
+þyrse, 424-426;--_with, beside_: ge-sæt þā wið sylfne..., mǣg wið mǣge,
+1978-79.
+
+wiðer-gyld, st. n., _compensation_: nom. sg., 2052, [proper name?].
+
+wiðer-ræhtes, adv., _opposite, in front of_, 3040.
+
+wiðre, st. n., _resistance_: gen. sg. wiðres ne truwode, 2954.
+
+wiht, st. f.: 1) _wight, creature, demon_: nom. sg. wiht unhǣlo (_the demon
+of destruction_, Grendel), 120; acc. sg. syllīcran wiht (the dragon),
+3039.--2) _thing, something, aught_: nom. sg. w. negative, nē hine wiht
+dweleð (_nor does aught check him_), 1736; him wiht ne spēow (_it helped
+him naught_), 2855; acc. sg. nē him þæs wyrmes wīg for wiht dyde (_nor did
+he count the worm's warring for aught_), 2349; ne meahte ic ... wiht
+gewyrcan _(I could not do aught_ ...), 1661;--w. partitive gen.: nō ...
+wiht swylcra searo-niða, 581;--the acc. sg. = adv. like Germ. _nicht_: nē
+hīe hūru wine-drihten wiht ne lōgon (_did not blame their friendly lord
+aught_), 863; so, ne wiht = _naught, in no wise_, 1084, 2602, 2858; nō
+wiht, 541; instr. sg. wihte (_in aught, in any way_), 1992; ne ... wihte
+(_by no means_), 186, 2278, 2688; wihte ne, 1515, 1996, 2465, 2924.--Comp.:
+ā-wiht (āht = _aught_), æl-wiht, ō-wiht.
+
+wil-cuma, w. m., _one welcome_ (qui gratus advenit): nom. pl. wil-cuman
+Denigea lēodum (_welcome to the people of the Danes_), 388; so, him (the
+lord of the Danes) wil-cuman, 394; wil-cuman Wedera lēodum (_welcome to the
+Gēatas_), 1895.
+
+ge-wild, st. f., _free-will_? dat. pl. nealles mid ge-weoldum (_sponte,
+voluntarily_, Bugge), 2223.
+
+wil-dēor (for wild-dēor), st. n., _wild beast_: acc. pl. wil-dēor, 1431.
+
+wil-gesīð, st. m., _chosen_ or _willing companion_: nom. pl. -ge-sīðas, 23.
+
+wil-geofa, w. m., _ready giver_ (= voti largitor: princely designation),
+_joy-giver_?: nom. sg. wil-geofa Wedra lēoda, 2901.
+
+willa, w. m.: 1) _will, wish, desire, sake_: nom. sg. 627, 825; acc. sg.
+willan, 636, 1740, 2308, 2410; instr. sg. ānes willan (_for the sake of
+one_), 3078; so, 2590; dat. sg. tō willan, 1187, 1712; instr. pl. willum
+(_according to wish_), 1822; sylfes willum, 2224, 2640; gen. pl. wilna,
+1345.--2) _desirable thing, valuable_: gen. pl. wilna, 661, 951.
+
+willan, aux. v., _will_: in pres. also _shall_ (when the future action is
+depend. on one's free will): pres. sg. I. wille ic ā-secgan (_I will set
+forth, tell out_), 344; so, 351, 427; ic tō sǣ wille (_I will to sea_),
+318; wylle, 948, 2149, 2513; sg. II. þū wylt, 1853; sg. III. hē wile, 346,
+446, 1050, 1182, 1833; wyle, 2865; wille, 442, 1004, 1185, 1395; ǣr hē in
+wille (_ere he will in_, i.e. go or flee into the fearful sea), 1372;
+wylle, 2767; pl. I. wē ... wyllað, 1819; pret. sg. I., III. wolde, 68, 154,
+200, 646, 665, 739, 756, 797, 881, etc.; nō ic fram him wolde (i.e.
+flēotan), 543; so, swā hē hira mā wolde (i.e. ā-cwellan), 1056; pret. pl.
+woldon, 482, 2637, 3173; subj. pret., 2730.--Forms contracted w. negative:
+pres. sg. I. nelle (= ne + wille, _I will not_, nolo), 680, 2525(?); pret.
+sg. III. nolde (= ne + wolde), 792, 804, 813, 1524; w. omitted inf. þā
+metod nolde, 707, 968; pret. subj. nolde, 2519.
+
+wilnian, w. v., _to long for, beseech_: inf. wēl bið þǣm þe mōt ... tō
+fæder fæðmum freoðo wilnian (_well for him that may beseech protection in
+the Father's arms_), 188.
+
+wil-sīð, st. m., _chosen journey_: acc. sg. wil-sīð, 216.
+
+ge-win, st. n.: 1) _strife, struggle, enmity, conflict_: acc. sg., 878; þā
+hīe ge-win drugon (_endured strife_), 799; under ȳða ge-win (_under the
+tumult of the waves_), 1470; gen. sg. þæs ge-winnes weorc (_misery for this
+strife_), 1722.--2) _suffering, oppression_: nom. sg., 133, 191; acc. sg.
+eald ge-win, 1782.--Comp.: fyrn-, ȳð-ge-win.
+
+wīn-ærn, st. n., _hall of hospitality, hall, wine-hall_: gen. sg.
+wīn-ærnes, 655.
+
+wind, st. m., _wind, storm_: nom. sg., 547, 1375, 1908; dat. instr. sg.
+winde, 217; wið winde, 1133.
+
+windan, st. v.: 1) intrans., _to wind, whirl_: pret. sg. wand tō wolcnum
+wæl-fȳra mǣst, 1120.--2) w. acc., _to twist, wind, curl_: pret. pl.
+strēamas wundon sund wið sande, 212; pret. part. wunden gold (_twisted,
+spirally-twined, gold_), 1194, 3135; instr. pl. wundnum (wundum, MS.)
+golde, 1383.
+
+æt-windan, _to wrest one's self from, escape_: pret. sg. sē þǣm fēonde
+æt-wand, 143.
+
+be-windan, _to wind with_ or _round, clasp, surround, envelop_ (involvere):
+pret. sg. þē hit (the sword) mundum be-wand, 1462; pret. part. wīrum
+be-wunden (_wound with wires_) 1032; feorh ... flǣsce be-wunden
+(_flesh-enclosed_), 2425; gār ... mundum be-wunden (_a spear grasped with
+the hands_), 3023; iū-manna gold galdre be-wunden (_spell-encircled gold_),
+3053; (āstāh ...) lēg wōpe be-wunden (_uprose the flame mingled with a
+lament_), 3147.
+
+ge-windan, _to writhe, get loose, escape_: inf. wīdre ge-windan (_to flee
+further_), 764; pret. sg. on flēam ge-wand, 1002.
+
+on-windan, _to unwind, loosen_: pres. sg. (þonne fæder) on-windeð
+wæl-rāpas, 1611.
+
+win-dæg, st. m., _day of struggle_ or _suffering_: dat. pl. on þyssum
+win-dagum (_in these days of sorrow_, i.e. of earthly existence), 1063.
+
+wind-bland (blond), st. n., _wind-roar_: nom. sg., 3147.
+
+wind-gereste, f., _resting-place of the winds_: acc. sg., 2457.
+
+windig, adj., _windy_: acc. pl. windige (weallas, næssas), 572, 1359;
+windige weallas (wind geard weallas, MS.), 1225.
+
+wine, st. m., _friend, protector_, especially the _beloved ruler_: nom. sg.
+wine Scyldinga, lēof land-fruma (Scyld), 30; wine Scyldinga (Hrōðgār), 148,
+1184. As vocative: mīn wine, 2048; wine mīn, Bēowulf (Hunferð), 457, 530,
+1705; acc. sg. holdne wine (Hrōðgār), 376; wine Deniga, Scyldinga, 350,
+2027; dat. sg. wine Scyldinga, 170; gen. sg. wines (Bēowulf), 3097; acc.
+pl. wine, 21; dat. pl. Denum eallum, winum Scyldinga, 1419; gen. pl.
+winigea lēasum, 1665; winia bealdor, 2568.--Comp.: frēa-, frēo-, gold-,
+gūð-, mǣg-wine.
+
+wine-dryhten, st. m., (dominus amicus), _friendly lord, lord and friend_:
+acc. sg. wine-drihten, 863, 1605; wine-dryhten, 2723, 3177; dat. sg.
+wine-drihtne, 360.
+
+wine-geōmor, adj., _friend-mourning_: nom. sg., 2240.
+
+wine-lēas, adj., _friendless_: dat. sg. wine-lēasum, 2614.
+
+wine-mǣg, st. m., _dear kinsman_: nom. pl. wine-māgas, 65.
+
+ge-winna, w. m., _striver, struggler, foe_: comp. eald-, ealdor-gewinna.
+
+winnan, st. v., _to struggle, fight_: pret. sg. III. wan āna wið eallum,
+144; Grendel wan ... wið Hrōðgār, 151; holm ... won wið winde (_the sea
+fought with the wind_: cf. wan wind endi water, Heliand, 2244), 1133; II.
+eart þū se Bēowulf, sē þe wið Brecan wunne, 506; pl. wið gode wunnon, 113;
+þǣr þā graman wunnon (_where the foes fought_), 778.
+
+wīn-reced, st. n., _wine-hall, guest-hall, house for entertaining guests_:
+acc. sg., 715, 994.
+
+wīn-sele, st. m., the same, _wine-hall_: nom. sg., 772; dat. sg. wīn-sele,
+696 (cf. Heliand Glossary, 369 [364]).
+
+winter, st. m. n.: 1) _winter_: nom. sg., 1133, 1137; acc. sg. winter,
+1129; gen. sg. wintres, 516.--2) _year_ (counted by winters): acc. pl.
+fīftig wintru (neut.), 2210; instr. pl. wintrum, 1725, 2115, 2278; gen. pl.
+wintra, 147, 264, 1928, 2279, 2734, 3051.
+
+wintre, adj., _so many winters_ (old): in comp. syfan-wintre.
+
+ge-wislīce, adv., _certainly, undoubtedly_: superl. gewislīcost, 1351.
+
+wist, st. f., fundamental meaning = _existentia_, hence: 1) _good
+condition, happiness, abundance_: dat. sg. wunað hē on wiste, 1736.--2)
+_food, subsistence, booty_: dat. sg. þā wæs æfter wiste wōp up ā-hafen (_a
+cry was then uplifted after the meal_, i.e. Grendel's meal of thirty men),
+128.
+
+wist-fyllo, st. f., _fulness_ or _fill of food, rich meal_: gen. sg.
+wist-fylle, 735.
+
+wit, st. n., (wit), _understanding_: nom. sg., 590.--Comp.: fyr-, in-wit.
+
+ge-wit, st. n.: 1) _consciousness_. dat. sg. ge-wēold his ge-witte,
+2704.--2) _heart, breast_: dat. sg. fȳr unswīðor wēoll (_the fire surged
+less strongly from the dragon's breast_), 2883.
+
+wit, pers. pron. dual of wē, _we two_, 535, 537, 539, 540, 544, 1187, etc.
+See unc, uncer.
+
+wita, weota, w. m., _counsellor, royal adviser_; pl., _the king's council
+of nobles_: nom. pl. witan, 779: gen. pl. witena, 157, 266, 937 weotena,
+1099.--Comp.: fyrn-, rūn-wita.
+
+witan, pret.-pres. v., _to wot, know_. 1) w. depend, clause: pres. sg. I.,
+III. wāt, 1332, 2657; ic on Higelāce wāt þæt hē ... (_I know as to H., that
+he_ ...), 1831; so, god wāt on mec þæt ...(_God knows of me, that_ ...),
+2651; sg. II. þū wāst, 272; weak pret. sg. I., III. wiste, 822; wisse,
+2340, 2726; pl. wiston, 799, 1605; subj. pres. I. gif ic wiste, 2520.--2)
+w. acc. and inf.: pres. sg. I. ic wāt, 1864.--3) w. object, predicative
+part, or adj.: pret. sg. III. tō þæs hē win-reced ... gearwost wisse,
+fǣttum fāhne, 716; so, 1310; wiste þǣm āhlǣcan hilde ge-binged, 647.--4) w.
+acc., _to know_: inf. witan, 252, 288; pret. sg. wisse, 169; wiste his
+fingra ge-weald on grames grāpum, 765; pl. II. wisson, 246; wiston, 181.
+
+nāt = ne + wāt, _I know not_: 1) elliptically with hwylc, indef. pronoun =
+_some or other_: sceaða ic nāt hwylc.--2) w. gen. and depend. clause: nāt
+hē þāra gōda, þæt hē mē on-gēan slēa, 682.
+
+ge-witan, _to know, perceive_: inf. þæs þe hīe gewis-līcost ge-witan
+meahton, 1351.
+
+be-witian. See be-weotian.
+
+wītig, adj., _wise, sagacious_: nom. sg. wītig god, 686, 1057; wītig
+drihten (God), 1555; wittig drihten, 1842.
+
+ge-wittig, adj., _conscious_: nom. sg. 3095.
+
+ge-wītnian, w. v., _to chastise, punish_: wommum gewītnad (_punished with
+plagues_), 3074.
+
+wīc, st. n., _dwelling, house_: acc. sg. wīc, 822, 2590;--often in pl.
+because houses of nobles were complex: dat. wīcum, 1305, 1613, 3084; gen.
+wīca, 125, 1126.
+
+ge-wīcan, st. v., _to soften, give way, yield_ (here chiefly of swords):
+pret. sg. ge-wāc, 2578, 2630.
+
+wīc-stede, st. m., _dwelling-place_: nom. sg. 2463; acc. sg. wīc-stede,
+2608.
+
+wīd, adj., _wide, extended_: 1) space: acc. sg. neut. ofer wīd wæter, 2474;
+gen. sg. wīdan rīces, 1860; acc. pl. wīde sīðas, waroðas, 878, 1966.--2)
+temporal: acc. sg. wīdan feorh (acc. of time), 2015; dat. sg. tō wīdan
+feore, 934.
+
+wīde, adv., _widely, afar_, 18, 74, 79, 266, 1404, 1589, 1960, etc.; wīde
+cūð (_widely, universally, known_), 2136, 2924; so, underne wīde, 2914;
+wīde geond eorðan (_over the whole earth, widely_), 3100;--modifier of
+superl.: wreccena wīde mǣrost (_the most famous of wanderers, exiles_),
+899.--Compar. wīdre, 764.
+
+wīd-cūð, adj., _widely known, very celebrated_: nom. sg. neut., 1257; acc.
+sg. m. wīd-cūðne man (Bēowulf), 1490; wīd-cūðne wēan, 1992; wīd-cūðes
+(Hrōðgār), 1043.
+
+wīde-ferhð, st. m. n., (_long life_), _great length of time_: acc. sg. as
+acc. of time: wīde-ferhð (_down to distant times, always_), 703, 938; ealne
+wīde-ferhð, 1223.
+
+wīd-floga, w. m., _wide-flier_ (of the dragon): nom. sg., 2831; acc. sg.
+wīd-flogan, 2347.
+
+wīd-scofen, pret. part., _wide-spread_? _causing fear far and wide_? 937.
+
+wīd-weg, st. m., _wide way, long journey_: acc. pl. wīd-wegas, 841, 1705.
+
+wīf, st. n., _woman, lady, wife_: nom. sg. frēo-līc wīf (Queen Wealhþēow),
+616; wīf un-hȳre (Grendel's mother), 2121; acc. sg. drihtlīce wīf (Finn's
+wife), 1159; instr. sg. mid þȳ wīfe (Hrōðgār's daughter, Frēawaru), 2029;
+dat. sg. þām wīfe (Wealhþēow), 640; gen. sg. wīfes (as opposed to _man_),
+1285; gen. pl. wera and wīfa, 994.--Comp.: āglǣc-, mere-wīf.
+
+wīf-lufe, w. f., _wife-love, love for a wife, woman's love_: nom. pl.
+wīf-lufan, 2066.
+
+wīg, st. m.: 1) _war, battle_: nom. sg., 23, 1081, 2317, 2873; acc. sg.,
+686, 1084, 1248; dat. sg. wīge, wigge, 1338, 2630, 1657, 1771; as instr.,
+1085; ; gen. sg. wīges, 65, 887, 1269.--2) _valor, warlike prowess_: nom.
+sg. wæs his mōd-sefa manegum ge-cȳðed, wīg and wīsdōm, 350; wīg, 1043; wīg
+... eafoð and ellen, 2349; gen. sg. wīges, 2324.--Comp. fēðe-wīg.
+
+wiga, w. m., _warrior, fighter_: nom. sg., 630; dat. pl. wigum, 2396; gen.
+pl. wigena, 1544, 1560, 3116.--Comp.: æsc-, byrn-, gār-, gūð-, lind-,
+rand-, scyld-wiga.
+
+wīgan, st. v., _to fight_: pres. sg. III. wīgeð, 600; inf., 2510.
+
+wīgend, pres. part., _fighter, warrior_: nom. sg., 3100; nom. pl. wīgend,
+1126, 1815, 3145; acc. pl. wīgend, 3025; gen. pl. wīgendra, 429, 900, 1973,
+2338.--Comp. gārwīgend.
+
+wīg-bealu, st. n., _war-bale, evil contest_: acc. sg., 2047.
+
+wīg-bil, st. n., _war-bill, battle-sword_: nom. sg., 1608.
+
+wīg-bord, st. n., _war-board_ or _shield_: acc. sg., 2340.
+
+wīg-cræft, st. m., _war-power_: acc. sg., 2954.
+
+wīg-cræftig, adj., _vigorous in fight, strong in war_: acc. sg.
+wīg-cræftigne (of the sword Hrunting), 1812.
+
+wīg-freca, w. m., _war-wolf, war-hero_: acc. sg. wīg-frecan, 2497; nom. pl.
+wīg-frecan, 1213.
+
+wīg-fruma, w. m., _war-chief_ or _king_: nom. sg., 665; acc. sg.
+wīg-fruman, 2262.
+
+wīg-geatwe, st. f. pl., _war-ornaments, war-gear_: dat. pl. on wīg-geatwum
+(-getawum, MS.), 368.
+
+wīg-ge-weorðad, pret. part., _war-honored, distinguished in war_, 1784? See
+Note.
+
+wīg-gryre, st. m., _war-horror_ or _terror_: nom. sg., 1285.
+
+wīg-hete, st. m., _war-hate, hostility_: nom. sg., 2121.
+
+wīg-heafola, w. m., _war head-piece, helmet_: acc. sg. wīg-heafolan,
+2662.--Leo.
+
+wīg-hēap, st. m., _war-band_: nom sg., 447.
+
+wīg-hryre, st. m., _war-ruin, slaughter, carnage_: acc. sg., 1620.
+
+wīg-sigor, st. m., _war-victory_: acc. sg., 1555.
+
+wīg-sped, st. f.?, _war-speed, success in war_: gen. pl. wīg-spēda, 698.
+
+wīg-weorðung, st. f., _idol-worship, idolatry, sacrifice to idols_: acc.
+pl. -weorðunga, 176.
+
+wīn, st. n., _wine_: acc. sg., 1163, 1234; instr. wīne, 1468.
+
+wīr, st. n., _wire, spiral ornament of wire_: instr. pl. wīrum, 1032; gen.
+pl. wīra, 2414.
+
+wīs, adj., _wise, experienced, discreet_: nom. sg. m. wīs (_in his mind,
+conscious_), 3095; f. wīs, 1928; in w. form, se wīsa, 1401, 1699, 2330;
+acc. sg. þone wīsan, 1319; gen. pl. wīsra, 1414; w. gen. nom. sg. wīs
+wordcwida (_wise of speech_), 1846.
+
+wīsa, w. m., _guide, leader_: nom. sg. werodes wīsa, 259.--Comp.: brim-,
+here-, hilde-wīsa.
+
+wīscte. See wȳscan.
+
+wīs-dōm, st. m., _wisdom, experience_: nom. sg., 350; instr. sg. wīs-dōme,
+1960.
+
+wīse, w. f., _fashion, wise, custom_: acc. sg. (instr.) ealde wīsan (_after
+ancient custom_), 1866.
+
+wīs-fæst, adj., _wise, sagacious_ (sapientiā firmus): nom. sg. f., 627.
+
+wīs-hycgende, pres. part. _wise-thinking, wise_, 2717.
+
+wīsian, w. v., _to guide_ or _lead to, direct, point out_: 1) w. acc.: inf.
+hēan wong wīsian, 2410; pret. sg. secg wīsade land-gemyrcu, 208.--2) w.
+dat.: pres. sg. I. ic ēow wīsige (_I shall guide you_), 292, 3104; pret.
+sg. sē þǣm heaðo-rincum hider wīsade, 370; sōna him sele-þegn ... forð
+wīsade _(the hall-thane led him thither forthwith_, i.e. to his couch),
+1796; stīg wīsode gumum æt-gædere, 320; so, 1664.--3) w. prep.?: pret. sg.
+þā secg wīsode under Heorotes hrōf (_when the warrior showed them the way
+under Heorot's roof_, [but under H.'s hrōf depends rather on snyredon
+ætsomne]), 402.
+
+wītan, st. v., properly _to look at; to look at with censure, to blame,
+reproach, accuse_, w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing: inf. for-þām mē
+wītan ne þearf waldend fīra morðor-bealo māga, 2742.
+
+æt-wītan, _to blame, censure_ (cf. 'twit), w. acc. of thing: pret. pl.
+æt-witon wēana dǣl, 1151.
+
+ge-wītan, properly _spectare aliquo; to go_ (most general verb of motion):
+1) with inf. after verbs of motion: pret. sg. þanon eft ge-wāt ... tō hām
+faran, 123; so, 2570; pl. þanon eft gewiton ... mēarum rīdan, 854.
+Sometimes with reflex, dat.: pres. sg. him þā Scyld ge-wāt ... fēran on
+frēan wǣre, 26; gewāt him ... rīdan, 234; so, 1964; pl. ge-witon, 301.--2)
+associated with general infinitives of motion and aim: imper. pl. ge-wītað
+forð beran wǣpen and gewǣdu, 291; pret. sg. ge-wāt þā nēosian hēan hūses,
+115; hē þā fāg ge-wāt ... man-drēam flēon, 1264; nyðer eft gewāt dennes
+nīosian, 3045; so, 1275, 2402, 2820. So, with reflex, dat.: him eft gewāt
+... hāmes nīosan, 2388; so, 2950; pl. ge-witon, 1126.--3) without inf. and
+with prep, or adv.: pres. sg. III. þǣr firgen-strēam under næssa genipu
+niðer ge-wīteð, 1361; ge-wīteð on sealman, 2461; inf. on flōdes ǣht feor
+ge-wītan, 42; pret. sg. ge-wāt, 217; him ge-wāt, 1237, 1904; of līfe,
+ealdre ge-wāt (_died_), 2472, 2625; fyrst forð ge-wāt (_time went on_),
+210; him ge-wāt ūt of healle, 663; ge-wāt him hām, 1602; pret. part. dat.
+sg. mē forð-ge-witenum (_me defuncto, I dead_), 1480.
+
+oð-wītan, _to blame, censure, reproach_: inf. ne þorfte him þā lēan
+oð-wītan mon on middan-gearde, 2997.
+
+wlanc, wlonc, adj., _proud, exulting_: nom. sg. wlanc, 341; w. instr. ǣse
+wlanc (_proud of, exulting in, her prey, meal_), 1333; wlonc, 331; w. gen.
+māðm-ǣhta wlonc (_proud of the treasures_), 2834; gen. sg. wlonces,
+2954.--Comp. gold-wlanc.
+
+wlātian, w. v., _to look_ or _gaze out, forth_: pret. sg. sē þe ǣr ... feor
+wlātode, 1917.
+
+wlenco, st. f., _pride, heroism_: dat. sg. wlenco, 338, 1207; wlence, 508.
+
+wlite, st. m. _form, noble form, look, beauty_: nom. sg., 250.
+
+wlite-beorht, adj., _beauteous, brilliant in aspect_: acc. sg.
+wlite-beorhtne wang, 93.
+
+wlite-sēon, st. n. f., _sight, spectacle_: acc. sg., 1651.
+
+wlitig, adj., _beautiful, glorious, fair in form_: acc. sg. wlitig
+(sweord), 1663.
+
+wlītan, st. v., _to see, look, gaze_: pret. sg. hē æfter recede wlāt
+(_looked along the hall_), 1573; pret. pl. on holm wliton (_looked on the
+sea_), 1593; wlitan on Wīglāf, 2853.
+
+geond-wlītan, w. acc., _to examine, look through, scan_: inf. wrǣte
+giond-wlītan, 2772.
+
+wōh-bogen, pret. part., (_bent crooked), crooked, twisted_: nom. sg. wyrm
+wōh-bogen, 2828.
+
+wolcen, st. n. m., _cloud_ (cf. welkin): dat. pl. under wolcnum (_under the
+clouds, on earth_), 8, 652, 715, 1771; tō wolcnum, 1120, 1375.
+
+wollen-tēar, adj., _tear-flowing, with flowing tears_: nom. pl.
+wollen-tēare, 3033.
+
+wom. See wam.
+
+won. See wan.
+
+worc. See weorc.
+
+word, st. n.: 1) _word, speech_: nom. sg., 2818; acc. sg. þæt word, 655,
+2047; word, 315, 341, 390, 871, 2552; instr. sg. worde, 2157; gen. sg.
+wordes, 2792; nom. pl. þā word, 640; word, 613; acc. pl. word (of an
+alliterative song), 871; instr. pl, wordum, 176, 366, 627, 875, 1101, 1173,
+1194, 1319, 1812, etc.; ge-saga him wordum (_tell them in words,
+expressly_), 388. The instr. wordum accompanies biddan, þancian, be-wægnan,
+secgan, hērgan, to emphasize the verb, 176, 627, 1194, 2796, 3177; gen. pl.
+worda, 289, 398, 2247, 2263(?), 3031.--2) _command, order_: gen. sg. his
+wordes geweald habban (_to rule, reign_), 79; so, instr. pl. wordum wēold,
+30.--Comp.: bēot-, gylp-, meðel-, þrȳð-word.
+
+word-cwide, st. m., (_word-utterance_), _speech_: acc. pl. word-cwydas,
+1842; dat. pl. word-cwydum, 2754; gen. pl. word-cwida, 1846.
+
+word-gid, st. m, _speech, saying_: acc. sg. word-gyd, 3174.
+
+word-hord, st. n., _word-hoard, treasury of speech, mouth_: acc. sg.
+word-hord on-lēac (_unlocked his word-hoard_, opened his mouth, spoke),
+259.
+
+word-riht, st. n., _right speech, suitable word_: gen. pl. Wīglāf maðelode
+word-rihta fela, 2632.
+
+worð-mynd. See weorð-mynd.
+
+worðig (for weorðig), st. m., _palace, estate, court_: acc. sg. on worðig
+(_into the palace_), 1973.
+
+worn, st. n., _multitude, number_: acc. sg. worn eall (_very many_), 3095;
+wintra worn (_many years_), 264; þonne hē wintrum frōd worn ge-munde (_when
+he old in years thought of their number_), 2115. Used with fela to
+strengthen the meaning: nom. acc. sg. worn fela, 1784; hwæt þū worn fela
+... sprǣce (_how very much thou hast spoken!_), 530; so, eal-fela
+eald-gesegena worn, 871; gen. pl. worna fela, 2004, 2543.
+
+woruld, worold, st. f., _humanity, world, earth_: nom. sg. eal worold,
+1739; acc. sg. in worold (wacan) (_to be born, come into the world_), 60;
+worold oflǣtan, of-gifan (_die_), 1184, 1682; gen. sg. worolde, 951, 1081,
+1388, 1733; worulde, 2344; his worulde ge-dāl (_his separation from the
+world, death_), 3069; worolde brūcan (_to enjoy life, live_), 1063; worlde,
+2712.
+
+worold-ār, st. f., _worldly honor_ or _dignity_: acc. sg. worold-āre, 17.
+
+woruld-candel, st. f., _world-candle, sun_: nom. sg., 1966.
+
+worold-cyning, st. m., _world king, mighty king_: nom. sg., 3182; gen. pl.
+worold-cyninga, 1685.
+
+woruld-ende, st. m., _world's end_: acc. sg., 3084.
+
+worold-rǣden, st. f., _usual course, fate of the world, customary fate_:
+dat. sg. worold-rǣdenne, 1143?
+
+wōp, st. m., (_whoop_), _cry of grief, lament_: nom. sg., 128; acc. sg.
+wōp, 786; instr. sg. wōpe, 3147.
+
+wracu, st. f., _persecution, vengeance, revenge_: nom. sg. wracu (MS,
+uncertain), 2614; acc. sg. wræce, 2337.--Comp.: gyrn-, nȳd-wracu.
+
+wraðu, st. f., _protection, safety_: in comp. līf-wraðu.
+
+wrāð, adj., _wroth, furious, hostile_: acc. sg. neut. wrāð, 319; dat. sg.
+wrāðum, 661, 709; gen. pl. wrāðra, 1620.
+
+wrāðe, adv., _contemptibly, disgracefully_, 2873.
+
+wrāð-līce, adv., _wrathfully, hostilely_ (in battle), 3063.
+
+wrāsn, st. f., _circlet of gold for the head, diadem, crown_: in comp.
+frēa-wrāsn.
+
+wræc-lāst, st. m., _exile-step, exile, banishment_: acc. sg. wræc-lāstas
+træd (_trod exile-steps, wandered in exile_), 1353.
+
+wræc-mæcg, st. m., _exile, outcast_: nom. pl. wræc-mæcgas, 2380.
+
+wræc-sīð, st. m., _exile-journey, banishment, exile, persecution_: acc.
+sg., 2293; dat. sg. -sīðum, 338.
+
+wrǣt, st. f., _ornament, jewel_: acc. pl. wrǣte (wrǣce, MS.), 2772, 3061;
+instr. pl. wrǣttum, 1532; gen. pl. wrǣtta, 2414.
+
+wrǣt-līc, adj.: 1) _artistic, ornamental; valuable_: acc. sg. wrǣt-līcne
+wundur-māððum, 2174; wrǣt-līc wǣg-sweord, 1490; wīg-bord wrǣt-līc,
+2340.--2) _wondrous, strange_: acc. sg. wrǣt-līcne wyrm [from its rings or
+spots?], 892; wlite-sēon wrǣt-līc, 1651.
+
+wrǣc, st. f., _persecution_; hence, _wretchedness, misery_: nom. sg., 170;
+acc. sg. wrǣc, 3079.
+
+wrecan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to press, force_: pret. part. þǣr wæs Ongenþēo
+... on bīd wrecen, 2963.--2) _to drive out, expel_: pret. sg. ferh ellen
+wræc, 2707.--3) _to wreak_ or _utter_: gid, spel wrecan (_to utter words or
+songs_); subj. pres. sg. III. hē gyd wrece, 2447; inf. wrecan spel ge-rāde,
+874; word-gyd wrecan, 3174; pret. sg. gyd æfter wræc, 2155; pres. part. þǣr
+wæs ... gid wrecen, 1066.--4) _to avenge, punish_: subj. pres. þæt hē his
+frēond wrece, 1386; inf. wolde hire mǣg wrecan, 1340; so, 1279, 1547; pres.
+part. wrecend (_an avenger_), 1257; pret. sg. wræc Wedera nīð, 423; so,
+1334, 1670.
+
+ā-wrecan, _to tell, recount_: pret. sg. ic þis gid be þē ā-wræc (_I have
+told this tale for thee_), 1725; so, 2109.
+
+for-wrecan, w. acc., _to drive away, expel; carry away_: inf. þȳ lǣs him
+ȳða þrym wudu wyn-suman for-wrecan meahte (_lest the force of the waves
+might carry away the winsome ship_), 1920; pret. sg. hē hine feor for-wræc
+... man-cynne fram, 109.
+
+ge-wrecan, w. acc., _to avenge, wreak vengeance upon, punish_: pret. sg.
+ge-wræc, 107, 2006; hē ge-wræc (i.e. hit, _this_) cealdum cear-sīðum, 2396;
+hē hine sylfne ge-wræc (_avenged himself_), 2876; pl. ge-wrǣcan, 2480;
+pret. part. ge-wrecen, 3063.
+
+wrecca, w. m., (_wretch_), _exile, adventurer, wandering soldier, hero_:
+nom. sg. wrecca (Hengest), 1138; gen. pl. wreccena wīde mǣrost (Sigemund),
+899.
+
+wreoðen-hilt, adj., _wreathen-hilted, with twisted hilt_: nom. sg., 1699.
+
+wridian, w. v., _to flourish, spring up_: pret. sg. III. wridað, 1742.
+
+wriða, w. m., _band_: in comp. bēag-wriða (_bracelet_), 2019.
+
+wrixl, st. n., _exchange, change_: instr. sg. wyrsan wrixle (_in a worse
+way, with a worse exchange_), 2970.
+
+ge-wrixle, st. n., _exchange, arrangement, bargain_: nom. sg. ne wæs þæt
+ge-wrixle til (_it was not a good arrangement, trade_), 1305.
+
+wrixlan, w. v., _to exchange_: inf. wordum wrixlan (_to exchange words,
+converse_), 366; 875 (_tell_).
+
+wrīðan, st. v. w. acc.: 1) _to bind, fasten, wreathe together_: inf. ic
+hine (him, MS.) ... on wæl-bedde wrīðan þōhte, 965.--2) _to bind up_ (a
+wounded person, a wound): pret. pl. þā wǣron monige þē his mǣg wriðon,
+2983. See hand-gewriðen.
+
+wrītan, st. v., _to incise, engrave_: pret. part. on þǣm (hilte) wæs ōr
+writen fyrn-gewinnes (_on which was engraved the origin of an ancient
+struggle_), 1689.
+
+for-wrītan, _to cut to pieces_ or _in two_: pret. sg. for-wrāt Wedra helm
+wyrm on middan, 2706.
+
+wrōht, st. m. f., _blame, accusation, crime_; here _strife, contest,
+hostility_: nom. sg., 2288, 2474, 2914.
+
+wudu, st. m., _wood_: 1) _material, timber_: nom. pl. wudu, 1365; hence,
+_the wooden spear_: acc. pl. wudu, 398.--2) _forest, wood_: acc. sg. wudu,
+1417.--3) _wooden ship_: nom. sg. 298; acc. sg. wudu, 216, 1920.--Comp.:
+bǣl-, bord-, gamen-, heal-, holt-, mægen-, sǣ-, sund-, þrec-wudu.
+
+wudu-rēc, st. m., _wood-reek_ or _smoke_: nom. sg., 3145.
+
+wuldor, st. n., _glory_: nom. sg. kyninga wuldor (_God_), 666; gen. sg.
+wuldres wealdend, 17, 183, 1753; wuldres hyrde, 932, (designations of God).
+
+wuldor-cyning, st. m., _king of glory, God_. dat. sg. wuldur-cyninge, 2796
+
+wuldor-torht, adj., _glory-bright, brilliant, clear_: acc. pl.
+wuldor-torhtan weder, 1137.
+
+wulf, st. m., _wolf_: acc. sg., 3028.
+
+wulf-hlið, st. n., _wolf-slope, wolf's retreat, slope whereunder wolves
+house_: acc. pl. wulf-hleoðu, 1359.
+
+wund, st. f., _wound_: nom. sg., 2712, 2977; acc. sg. wunde, 2532, 2907;
+acc. sg. wunde, 2726; instr. pl. wundum, 1114, 2831, 2938.--Comp.
+feorh-wund.
+
+wund, adj., _wounded, sore_: nom. sg., 2747; dat. sg. wundum, 2754; nom.
+pl. wunde, 565, 1076.
+
+wunden-feax, adj., _curly-haired_ (of a horse's mane): nom. sg., 1401.
+
+wunden-heals, adj., _with twisted_ or _curved neck_ or _prow_: nom. sg.
+wudu wunden-hals (_the ship_), 298.
+
+wunden-heorde?, _curly-haired_?: nom. sg. f., 3153.
+
+wunden-mǣl, adj., _damascened, etched, with wavy ornaments_(?): nom. sg.
+neut., 1532 (of a sword).
+
+wunden-stefna, w. m. _curved prow, ship_: nom. sg., 220.
+
+wundor, st. n.: 1) _wonder, wonderwork_: nom. sg., 772, 1725; wundur, 3063;
+acc. sg. wundor, 841; wunder, 932; wundur, 2760, 3033, 3104; dat. sg.
+wundre, 932; instr. pl. wundrum (_wondrously_), 1453, 2688; gen. pl.
+wundra, 1608.--2) _portent, monster_: gen. pl. wundra, 1510.--Comp.: hand-,
+nīð-, searo-wundor.
+
+wundor-bebod, st. n., _wondrous command, strange order_: instr. pl.
+-bebodum, 1748.
+
+wundor-dēað, st. m., _wonder-death, strange death_: instr. sg. wundor
+dēaðe, 3038.
+
+wundor-fæt, st. n., _wonder-vat, strange vessel_: dat. pl. of wundor-fatum
+(_from wondrous vessels_), 1163.
+
+wundor-līc, adj., _wonder like, remarkable_: nom. sg., 1441.
+
+wundor-māððum, st. m., _wonder-jewel, wonderful treasure_: acc. sg., 2174.
+
+wundor-smið, st. m., _wonder-smith, skilled smith, worker of marvellous
+things_: gen. pl. wundor-smiða geweorc (the ancient giant's sword), 1682.
+
+wundor-sēon, st. f., _wondrous sight_: gen. pl. wunder-sīona, 996.
+
+wunian, w. v.: 1) _to stand, exist, remain_: pres. sg. III. þenden þǣr
+wunað on hēah-stede hūsa sēlest (_as long as the best of houses stands
+there on the high place_), 284; wunað hē on wiste (_lives in plenty_),
+1736; inf. on sele wunian (_to remain in the hall_), 3129; pret. sg. wunode
+mid Finne (_remained with F._), 1129.--2) w. acc. or dat., _to dwell in, to
+inhabit, to possess_: pres. sg. III. wunað wæl-reste (_holds his
+death-bed_), 2903; inf. wæter-egesan wunian scolde..., strēamas, 1261;
+wīcum wunian, 3084; w. prep.: pres. sg. Higelāc þǣr æt hām wunað, 1924.
+
+ge-wunian, w. acc.: 1) _to inhabit_: inf. ge-[wunian], 2276.--2) _to remain
+with, stand by_: subj. pres. þæt hine on ylde eft ge-wunigen wil-ge-sīðas,
+22.
+
+wurðan. See weorðan.
+
+wuton, v. from wītan, used as interj., _let us go! up!_ w. inf.: wutun
+gangan tō (_let us go to him!_), 2649; uton hraðe fēran! 1391; uton nū
+efstan, 3102.
+
+wylf, st. f., _she-wolf_: in comp. brim-wylf.
+
+wylm, st. m., _surge, surf, billow_: num. sg. flōdes wylm, 1765; dat.
+wintres wylme (_with winter's flood_), 516; acc. sg. þurh wæteres wylm,
+1694; acc. pl. heortan wylmas, 2508.--Comp.: brēost-, brim-, byrne-, cear-,
+fȳr-, heaðo-, holm-, sǣ-, sorh-wylm. See wælm.
+
+wyn, st. f., _pleasantness, pleasure, joy, enjoyment_: acc. sg. mǣste ...
+worolde wynne (_the highest earthly joy_), 1081; eorðan wynne (_earth-joy,
+the delightful earth_), 1731; heofenes wynne (_heaven's joy_, the rising
+sun), 1802; hearpan wynne (_harp-joy, the pleasant harp_), 2108; þæt hē ...
+ge-drogen hæfde eorðan wynne (_that he had had his earthly joy_), 2728;
+dat. sg. weorod wæs on wynne, 2015; instr. pl. mægenes wynnum (_in joy of
+strength_), 1717; so, 1888.--Comp.: ēðel-, hord-, līf-, lyft-, symbel-wyn.
+
+wyn-lēas, adj., _joyless_: acc. sg. wyn-lēasne wudu, 1417; wyn-lēas wīc,
+822.
+
+wyn-sum, adj., _winsome, pleasant_: acc. sg. wudu wyn-suman (_the ship_),
+1920; nom. pl. word wǣron wyn-sume, 613.
+
+wyrcan, v. irreg.: 1) _to do, effect_, w. acc.: inf. (wundor) wyrcan,
+931.--2) _to make, create_, w. acc.: pret. sg. þæt se æl-mihtiga eorðan
+worh[te], 92; swā hine _(the helmet_) worhte wǣpna smið, 1453.--3) _to
+gain, win, acquire_, w. gen.: subj. pres. wyrce, sē þe mōte, dōmes ǣr
+dēaðe, 1388.
+
+be-wyrcan, _to gird, surround_: pret. pl. bronda betost wealle be-worhton,
+3163.
+
+ge-wyrcan: 1) intrans., _to act, behave_: inf. swā sceal geong guma gōde
+gewyrcean ... on fæder wine þæt ... (_a young man shall so act with
+benefits towards his father's friends that_ ...), 20.--2) w. acc., _to do,
+make, effect, perform_: inf. ne meahte ic æt hilde mid Hruntinge wiht
+ge-wyrcan, 1661; sweorde ne meahte on þām āglǣcan ... wunde ge-wyrcean,
+2907; pret. sg. ge-worhte, 636, 1579, 2713; pret. part. acc. ic þā lēode
+wāt ... fæste ge-worhte. 1865.--3) _to make, construct_: inf. (medo-ærn)
+ge-wyrcean, 69; (wīg-bord) ge-wyrcean, 2338; (hlǣw) ge-wyrcean, 2803; pret.
+pl. II. ge-worhton, 3097; III. ge-worhton, 3158; pret. part. ge-worht,
+1697.--4) _to win, acquire_: pres. sg. ic mē mid Hruntinge dōm ge-wyrce,
+1492.
+
+Wyrd, st. f., _Weird_ (one of the Norns, guide of human destiny; mostly
+weakened down = _fate, providence_): nom. sg., 455, 477, 572, 735, 1206,
+2421, 2527, 2575, 2815; acc. sg. wyrd, 1057, 1234; gen. pl. wyrda, 3031.
+(Cf. Weird Sisters of Macbeth.)
+
+wyrdan, w. v., _to ruin, kill, destroy_: pret. sg. hē tō lange lēode mine
+wanode and wyrde, 1338.
+
+ā-wyrdan, w. v., _to destroy, kill_: pret. part.: æðeling monig wundum
+ā-wyrded, 1114.
+
+wyrðe, adj., _noble; worthy, honored, valued_: acc. sg. m. wyrðne (ge-dōn)
+(_to esteem worthy_), 2186; nom. pl. wyrðe, 368; compar. nom. sg. rīces
+wyrðra (_worthier of rule_), 862.--Comp. fyrd-wyrðe. See weorð.
+
+wyrgen, st, f., _throttler_ [cf. sphinx], _she-wolf_; in comp.
+grund-wyrgen.
+
+ge-wyrht, st. n., _work; desert_; in comp. eald-gewyrht, 2658.
+
+wyrm, st. m., _worm, dragon, drake_: nom. sg., 898, 2288, 2344, 2568, 2630,
+2670, 2746, 2828; acc. sg. wyrm, 887, 892, 2706, 3040, 3133; dat. sg.
+wyrme, 2308, 2520; gen. wyrmes, 2317, 2349, 2760, 2772, 2903; acc. pl.
+wyrmas, 1431.
+
+wyrm-cyn, st. m., _worm-kin, race of reptiles, dragons_: gen. sg.
+wyrm-cynnes fela, 1426.
+
+wyrm-fāh, adj., _dragon-ornamented, snake-adorned_ (ornamented with figures
+of dragons, snakes, etc.: cf. Dietrich in Germania X., 278): nom. sg.
+sweord ... wreoðen-hilt and wyrm-fāh, 1699.
+
+wyrm-hord, st. n., _dragon-hoard_: gen. pl. wyrm-horda, 2223.
+
+for-wyrnan, w. v., _to refuse, reject_: subj. pres. II. þæt þū mē nō
+for-wyrne, þæt... (_that thou refuse me not that_...), 429; pret. sg. hē ne
+for-wyrnde worold-rǣdenne, 1143.
+
+ge-wyrpan, w. v. reflex., _to refresh one's self, recover_: pret. sg. hē
+hyne ge-wyrpte, 2977.
+
+wyrpe, st. m., _change_: acc. sg. æfter wēa-spelle wyrpe ge-fremman (_after
+the woe-spell to bring about a change of things_), 1316.
+
+wyrsa, compar. adj., _worse_: acc. sg. neut. þæt wyrse, 1740; instr. sg.
+wyrsan wrixle, 2970; gen. sg. wyrsan geþinges, 525; nom. acc. pl. wyrsan
+wīg-frecan, 1213, 2497.
+
+wyrt, st. f., [_-wort_], _root_: instr. pl. wudu wyrtum fæst, 1365.
+
+wȳscan, w. v., _to wish, desire_: pret. sg. wīscte (rihde, MS.) þæs yldan
+(_wished to delay that_ or _for this reason_, 2440, 1605(?). See Note.
+
+Y
+
+yfel, st n., _evil_: gen. pl. yfla, 2095.
+
+yldan, w. v., _to delay, put off_: inf. nē þæt se āglǣca yldan þōhte, 740;
+weard wine-geōmor wīscte þæs yldan, þæt hē lȳtel fæc long-gestrēona brūcan
+mōste, 2240.
+
+ylde, st. m. pl., _men_: dat. pl. yldum, 77, 706, 2118; gen. pl. ylda, 150,
+606, 1662. See elde.
+
+yldest. See eald.
+
+yldo, st. f., _age (senectus), old age_: nom. sg., 1737, 1887; atol yldo,
+1767; dat. sg. on ylde, 22.--2) _age (ǣtas), time, era_: gen. sg. yldo
+bearn, 70. See eldo.
+
+yldra. See eald.
+
+ylf, st. f., _elf (incubus, alp_): nom. pl. ylfe, 112.
+
+ymb, prep. w. acc.: 1) local, _around, about, at, upon_: ymb hine (_around,
+with, him_), 399. With prep, postponed: hine ymb, 690; ymb brontne ford
+(_around the seas, on the high sea_), 568; ymb þā gif-healle (_around the
+gift-hall, throne-hall_), 839; ymb þæs helmes hrōf (_around the helm's
+roof, crown_), 1031.--2) temporal, _about, after_: ymb ān-tīd ōðres dōgores
+(_about the same time the next day_), 219; ymb āne niht (_after a night_),
+135.--3) causal, _about, on account of, for, owing to_: (frīnan) ymb þīnne
+sīð (_on account of, concerning?, thy journey_), 353; hwæt þū ... ymb
+Brecan sprǣce (_hast spoken about B._), 531; so, 1596, 3174; nā ymb his līf
+cearað (_careth not for his life_), 1537; so, 450; ymb feorh sacan, 439;
+sundor-nytte behēold ymb aldor Dena, 669; ymb sund (_about the swimming,
+the prize for swimming_), 507.
+
+ymbe, I. prep. w. acc. = ymb: 1) local, 2884, 3171; hlǣw oft ymbe hwearf
+(prep, postponed), 2297. 2) causal, 2071, 2619.--II. adv., _around_: him
+... ymbe, 2598.
+
+ymb-sittend, pres. part., _neighbor_ gen. pl. ymb-sittendra, 9.
+
+ymbe-sittend, the same: nom. pl. ymbe-sittend, 1828; gen. pl.
+ymbe-sittendra, 2735.
+
+yppe, w. f., _high seat, dais, throne_: dat. sg. ēode ... tō yppan, 1816.
+
+yrfe, st. n., _bequest, legacy_: nom. sg., 3052.
+
+yrfe-lāf, st. f., _sword left as a bequest_: acc. sg. yrfe-lāfe, 1054;
+instr. sg. yrfe-lāfe, 1904.
+
+yrfe-weard, st. m., _heir, son_: nom. sg., 2732; gen. sg. yrfe-weardes,
+2454. (-as, MS.)
+
+yrmðo, st. f., _misery, shame, wretchedness_: acc. sg. yrmðe, 1260, 2006.
+
+yrre, st. n., _anger, ire, excitement_: acc. sg. godes yrre, 712; dat. sg,
+on yrre, 2093.
+
+yrre, adj., _angry, irate, furious_: nom. sg. yrre ōretta (Bēowulf), 1533;
+þegn yrre (the same), 1576; gæst yrre (Grendel), 2074; nom. pl. yrre, 770.
+See eorre.
+
+yrringa, adv., _angrily, fiercely_, 1566, 2965.
+
+yrre-mōd, adj., _wrathful-minded, wild_: nom. sg., 727.
+
+ys, _he is_. See wesan.
+
+Ȳ
+
+ȳð (O.H.G. unda), st. f., _wave; sea_: nom. pl. ȳða, 548; acc. pl. ȳðe,
+46, 1133, 1910; dat. pl. ȳðum, 210, 421, 534, 1438, 1908; ȳðum weallan
+(_to surge with waves_), 515, 2694; gen. pl. ȳða, 464, 849, 1209, 1470,
+1919.--Comp: flōd-, līg-, wæter-ȳð.
+
+ȳðan, w. v., _to ravage, devastate, destroy_: pret. sg. ȳðde eotena cyn,
+421 (cf. īðende = _depopulating_, Bosworth, from AElfric's Glossary; pret.
+ȳðde, Wanderer, 85).
+
+ȳðe. See ēaðe.
+
+ȳðe-līce, adv., _easily_: ȳðe-līce hē eft ā-stōd (_he easily arose
+afterwards_), 1557.
+
+ȳð-gebland, st. n., _mingling_ or _surging waters, water-tumult_: nom. sg.
+-geblond, 1374, 1594; nom. pl. -gebland, 1621.
+
+ȳð-gewin, st. n., _strife with the sea, wave-struggle, rushing of water_:
+dat. sg. ȳð-gewinne, 2413; gen. sg. -gewinnes, 1435.
+
+ȳð-lād, st. f., _water-journey, sea-voyage_: nom. pl. ȳð-lāde, 228.
+
+ȳð-lāf, st. f., _water-leaving, what is left by the water (undarum
+reliquiae), shore_: dat. sg. be ȳð-lāfe, 566.
+
+ȳð-lida, w. m., _wave-traverser, ship_: acc. sg. ȳð-lidan, 198.
+
+ȳð-naca, w. m., _sea-boat_: acc. sg. [ȳð-]nacan, 1904.
+
+ȳð-gesēne. See ēð-gesȳne.
+
+ȳwan, w. v. w. acc., _to show_: pret. sg. an-sȳn ȳwde (_showed itself,
+appeared_), 2835. See ēawan, ēowan.
+
+ge-ȳwan, w. acc. of thing, dat. of pers., _to lay before, offer_: inf.,
+2150.
+
+GLOSSARY TO FINNSBURH.
+
+ābrecan, st. v., _to shatter_: part. his byrne ābrocen wǣre (_his byrnie
+was shattered_).
+
+ānyman, st. v., _to take, take away_.
+
+bān-helm, st. m., _bone-helmet; skull_, [_shield_, Bosw.].
+
+buruh-þelu, st. f., _castle-floor_.
+
+cēlod, part, (adj.?), _keeled_, i.e. boat-shaped or hollow.
+
+dagian, w. v., _to dawn_: nē þis nē dagiað ēastan (_this is not dawning
+from the east_).
+
+dēor-mōd, adj., _brave in mood_: dēor-mōd hæleð.
+
+driht-gesīð, st m., _companion, associate_.
+
+ēastan, adv., _from the east_.
+
+eorð-būend, st. m., _earth-dweller, man_.
+
+fēr, st. m. _fear, terror_.
+
+fȳren, adj., _flaming, afire_: nom. f. swylce eal Finns-buruh fȳrenu wǣre
+(_as if all Finnsburh were afire_).
+
+gehlyn, st. n., _noise, tumult_.
+
+gellan, st. v., _to sing_ (i.e. ring or resound): pres. sg. gylleð
+grǣg-hama (_the gray garment_ [byrnie] _rings_); (_the gray wolf
+yelleth_?).
+
+genesan, st. v., _to survive, recover from_: pret. pl. þā wīgend hyra wunda
+genǣson (_the warriors were recovering from their wounds_).
+
+gold-hladen, adj., _laden with gold_ (wearing heavy gold ornaments).
+
+grǣg-hama, w. m., _gray garment, mail-coat_; (_wolf_?--Brooke).
+
+gūð-wudu, st. m., _war-wood, spear_.
+
+hæg-steald, st. m., _one who lives in his lord's house, a house-carl._
+
+heaðo-geong, adj., _young in war._
+
+here-sceorp, st. n., _war-dress, coat of mail_.
+
+hleoðrian, w. v., _to speak, exclaim_: pret. sg. hleoðrode ... cyning (_the
+prince exclaimed_).
+
+hrǣw, st. n., _corpse_.
+
+hrōr, adj., _strong_: here-sceorpum hrōr (_strong_ [though it was] _as
+armor_, Bosw.).
+
+lac (lað?)? for flacor, _fluttering?_
+
+oncweðan, st. v., _to answer_: pres. sg. scyld scefte oncwyð (_the shield
+answers the spear_).
+
+onwacnian, w. v., _to awake, arouse one's self_: imper. pl. onwacnigeað
+..., wīgend mine (_awake, my warriors!_).
+
+sceft (sceaft), st. m., _spear, shaft_.
+
+sealo-brūn, adj., _dusky-brown_.
+
+sige-beorn, st. m., _victorious hero, valiant warrior_.
+
+swæðer (swā hwæðer), pron., _which of two, which_.
+
+swān, st. m., _swain, youth; warrior_.
+
+sweart, adj., _swart, black_.
+
+swēt, adj., _sweet_: acc. m. swētne medo ... forgyldan (_requite the sweet
+mead_, i.e. repay, by prowess in battle, the bounty of their chief).
+
+swurd-lēoma, w. m., _sword-flame, flashing of swords_.
+
+þyrl, adj., _pierced, cloven_.
+
+undearninga, adv., _without concealment, openly_.
+
+wandrian, w. v., _to fly about, hover_: pret. sg. hræfn wandrode (_the
+raven hovered_).
+
+waðol, st. m., _the full moon_ [Grein]; [adj., _wandering_, Bosw.].
+
+wæl-sliht (-sleaht), st. m., _combat, deadly struggle_: gen. pl. wæl-slihta
+gehlyn (_the din of combats_)
+
+weā-dǣd, st. f., _deed of woe_: nom. pl. ārisað weā-dǣda.
+
+witian (weotian), w. v., _to appoint, determine_: part. þē is ... witod.
+
+wurðlīce (weorðlīce), adv., _worthily, gallantly_: compar. wurð-līcor.
+
+wæg, weg, st. m., _way_.
+
+CORRECTIONS MADE TO THE SOURCE TEXT:
+
+ARGUMENT, recals = recalls ll. 131, 737 þryð-swyð = þrȳð-sw̄ð l. 256 ōfest
+= ōfost l. 303 scīonon = scionon l. 706 buton = būton l. 1115 āt = æt l.
+1133 wīð = wið ll. 1304, 1560, 1616 missing caesuras supplied l. 1436
+here-stræl = here-strǣl l. 1642 feōwer- = fēower l. 1747 stræle = strǣle l.
+1828 þywað = þȳwað l. 1926 betlic = betlīc l. 2224 gescēod = gesceōd ll.
+2288, 3036 wās = wæs l. 2453 to = tō l. 2503 Huga = Hūga (marked long,
+correctly, in the list of names, but not elsewhere) l. 2586 niðe = nīðe l.
+2587 sið = sīð l. 2684 irenna = īrenna l. 2915 Hugas = Hūgas l. 2956
+hēaðo-liðendum = heaðo-līðendum l. 3000 Þāt = Þæt; feōnd- = fēond- l. 3056
+sóð = sōð l. 3137 Hrōnes = Hrones list of names, under: Dene, Scedenīgge =
+Scedenigge Ēadgils, Ohthere = Ōhthere Frēawaru, Freawaru = Frēawaru
+Hrōðgār, Hrōð-gāre = Hrōðgāre Hygelac, Hǣreð = Hæreð notes, for l. 31, of
+l. 31 = of l. 30 l. 1441, wōð- = wǣg- l. 1916, leōfra = lēofra glossary,
+under: æðele, Beowulf's = Bēowulf's ān, gehwilces = gehwylces ǣg-hwā,
+ǣgh-wæs = ǣghwæs æt-beran, beadolāce = beadulāce beadu-lāc, beado- = beadu-
+(twice) bēag, beages = bēages beorh, hēaford- = hēafod bēodan, leodum =
+lēodum bēon, cwēnlic = cwēnlīc biddan, bliðne = blīðne bitter, stræle =
+strǣle ge-bīdan, therefor = therefore on-bīdan, earfōðlīce = earfoðlīce
+brecan, lētdse = lēt se burne, of of = of būtan, swīce = swice cempa, Huga
+= Hūga ge-cēosan, usic = ūsic on-cirran, wealdendas = wealdendes corðer, þæ
+= þā cūð, wīð- = wīd- cunnan, þēawe = þēaw dōgor, gehwam = gehwām dōn,
+ymbsittend = ymbesittend; hettend = hetend; þywað = þȳwað drīfan, feoran =
+feorran dryhten, frēah- = frēa- dryht-scipe, drihtscipe = drihtscype
+ge-dȳgan, wræcsið = wræcsīð eal, oncyððe = oncȳððe ealdor, herestræl =
+herestrǣl ēacen-cræftig, iūmanna = iūmonna eofor-sprēot, hocyhtum =
+hōcyhtum eorlīc, eorlic [ellen] = eorlīc fāh, wāldrēore = wældrēore fela,
+maððum- = māððum- oð-ferian, panon = þonan fēran, wære = wǣre fēond, feonda
+= fēonda flēon, fenhōpu = fenhopu floga, wīð- = wīd- folc-toga, Hrōðgar =
+Hrōðgār for, wonhydum = wonhȳdum; handgeweorc = hondgeweorc fōt-gemearc,
+long = lang ge-frignan, þeodcyninga = þēodcyninga ge-fyrðran, fratwum =
+frætwum ge-fȳsan, to sēcanne = tō sēceanne gān, swa = swā; [or] giong =
+gīong; flore = flōre; sīttan = sittan ge-gan, Wīglaf = Wīglāf gār-wiga,
+Wīglaf = Wīglāf gæst, fēde- = fēðe- gegn-cwide, þinra = þīnra ge-gyrwan,
+yðlidan = ȳðlidan gēoc, gást = gāst geōmore-līc, [bið] geōmorlic =
+geōmorlīc for-gildan, therefor = therefore gold-wlanc, guðrinc = gūðrinc
+grētan, walgǣst = wælgǣst grim, searo-grimm = searo-grim habban, gecorene =
+gecorone wið-habban, winsele = wīnsele hatan, sǣliðend = sǣlīðend hatian,
+guð-sceaða = gūð-sceaða hār, heāre = hēare here-strǣl, -stræl = strǣl
+heard, -stræl = -strǣl; regen- = regn- heorte, starc- = stearc heoro-drēor,
+heoro-dreore (citation) = heoro-drēore hlið, hliðu = hliðo (twice) hōp, hōp
+= hop (twice) hreow, þāt = þæt hrōf, gesēah = geseah hwīl, seo = sēo
+hȳran, ǣghwilc = ǣghwylc inne, abēad = ābēad īren, drihtlīc = dryhtlīc
+lāð, gewiðru = gewidru; scynnum = scinnum be-lēan, beleān = belēan mētan,
+Aescheres = Æscheres mearcian, mōrhōpu = mōrhopu ge-mearian, hwam = hwām
+morðor-bed, stred = strēd mōd, stið- = stīð nǣnig, horð-māðum = hord-māððum
+on, hēaðe = heoðe; willen = willan rǣd, fǣst- = fæst reccan, hu = hū rīdan,
+gealgan = galgan sang, -leasne = lēasne sceapan, Hugas = Hūgas (twice)
+scānan, scīonon = scionon scīnan, scīnon = scinon secg, synnigne = sinnigne
+ge-sēcan, -cyððe = cȳððe ge-sīgan, ætsæcce = æt sæcce ge-slēan, ge-slōgan
+= ge-slōgon standan, stræl = strǣl stapan, furðor = furður ge-steppan,
+Ohtheres = Ōhteres stincan, þæ = þā styrian, ge-wiðru = ge-widru sweord,
+maððum- = māððum ge-swīcan, þeodne = þēodne tēon (w. v.), nalæs = nalas;
+teodan = tēodan tō, hælum = hǣlum; sitte = site; Eofore = Jofore ge-trūwan,
+-wære = wǣre ge-twǣfan, ōððe = oððe þǣr, snotera = snottra þē, gimfæstan =
+ginfæstan of-þincan, gehwam = gehwām ge-þolian, þāt = þæt þū, sǣlran =
+selran þūsend, sēofon = seofan un-hēore, -speru = -sporu ūs, ǣg-hwilc =
+ǣg-hwylc wacan, wōcon = wōcun werian, beaduscrūd = beaduscrūda be-werian,
+scynnum = scinnum wēn, orlēg = orleg; ōr-wena = or-wēna weorðian, leōde =
+lēode willa, wyllum = willum wilnian, fæðer = fæder nāt, hwilc = hwylc
+(twice) ge-wītan, wære = wǣre
+
+Changes to Vowel Quantities in the Revised Edition: (_Revisions that were
+mentioned in the source text have been siltently incorporated and aren't
+listed here. Unless otherwise noted, changes are to all related forms of
+the word._) Abel = Ābel aglǣc (æglǣc) = āglǣc (ǣglǣc) āttor = attor āwā =
+āwa begen = bēgen gebræd = gebrǣd breme = brēme Brosinga = Brōsinga cōfa =
+cofa cymlīcor = cȳlīcor drusian = drūsian ēfstan = efstan eode (-iode)
+[pret. of gān] = ēode (-īode) [and in compounds] fæger = fǣ [in cpd. un-
+and l. 774 only] fīftena = fīftȳna feor(-e/-es/-um) = fēor- [except ll.
+73, 934, 1844] forþam = forþām Fresan/Frysan = Frēsan/Frȳsan frinan
+(gefrunon) = frīnan (gefrūnon) (of)geāfon = (of)gēafon gen = gēn genunga =
+gēnunga gēo/gīo = geō/gio [and in compounts] gigant = gīgant Hǣðcyn =
+Hæðcyn hēht = heht her = hēr ofer-higian = ofer-hīgian hliðe/hliðes =
+hlīðe/hlīðes [dat. and gen. of hlið] hlifian = hlīfian Hreosna- = Hrēosna
+(H)ūnferð = (H)unferð hydig = hȳdig hyda = hȳda læs = lǣs lixan = līxan
+lyt(el) = lȳt(el) [and in compounds] Merewioingas = Merewīoingas meagol =
+mēagol mearh [oblique cases], mear- = mēar- missere = missēre ne = nē [as
+conjunct/disjunct] niwe = nīwe geniwian = genīwian niw-tyrwed = nīw-tyrwed
+ōfost = ofost onettan = ōnettan oret/oretta = ōret/ōretta ōð = oð [and as
+verbal prefix] scōp = scop [n. only] scyran = scȳran se = sē [as
+substantive and relative] singal = singāl sīoloð (sēoloð) = sioloð sleac =
+slēac stæl = stǣl swēlan = swelan Sweon = Swēon (ge)trūwan = (ge)truwan tux
+= tūx twegen = twēgen tydre = tȳdre (un)tyder = (un)tȳder tyn = tȳn þrag
+= þrā þritig = þrītig þryð = þrȳð þihtig/þyhtig = þīhtig/þȳhtig wag = wāg
+wæfre = wǣfre wel = wēl [and in compounds] weōx = wēox wīga = wiga Wihstān
+(Weohstān) = Wīhstān (Wēohstān) witig = wītig ge-witnian = ge-wītnian wræt
+= wrǣt uhte = ūhte [and in compounds]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Beowulf
+by James A. Harrison and Robert Sharp, eds.
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEOWULF ***
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