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+Project Gutenberg's Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles, by John Kirtland, ed.
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+Title: Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles
+       A First Latin Reader
+
+Author: John Kirtland, ed.
+
+Release Date: September, 2005 [EBook #8997]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on August 31, 2003]
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+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Karl Hagen, Tapio Riikonen and Online Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES
+
+A FIRST LATIN READER
+
+
+_EDITED WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULARY_
+
+BY
+JOHN COPELAND KIRTLAND, Jr.
+_Professor of Latin in The Phillips Exeter Academy_
+
+
+
+THE LITTLE THAT IS MINE IN THIS LITTLE BOOK I GRATEFULLY DEDICATE TO
+PROFESSOR JOSEPH HETHERINGTON M'DANIELS TEACHER AND FRIEND
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+Some time ago a fellow-teacher brought the _Fabulae Faciles_ to my
+notice, and I have since used two of them each year with my class of
+beginners in Latin with increasing appreciation. Indeed, I know nothing
+better to introduce the student into the reading of connected narrative,
+and to bridge the great gulf between the beginner's book of the
+prevailing type and the Latinity of Caesar or Nepos. They are adapted to
+this use not merely by reason of their simplicity and interest, but more
+particularly by the graduating of difficulties and the large use of
+Caesarian words and phrases to which Mr. Ritchie calls attention in his
+preface.
+
+Doubtless many American teachers have become familiar with portions of
+the _Fabulae_, for they have been freely drawn upon in several Latin
+readers recently published in this country. I venture to hope that those
+who have made the acquaintance of the work in this way will welcome a
+complete edition.
+
+In England the little book has had a large use. Its pedagogical
+excellencies are well summed up in a letter addressed to Mr. Ritchie by
+the Very Rev. E.C. Wickham, formerly Head-Master of Wellington College,
+the well-known editor of Horace:--
+
+"It launches the student at once in ancient life. The old classical
+stories, simply told, seem to me much the best material for early Latin
+reading. They are abundantly interesting; they are taken for granted in
+the real literature of the language; and they can be told without
+starting the beginner on a wrong track by a barbarous mixture of ancient
+and modern ideas.
+
+"It combines, if I may say so, very skilfully, the interest of a
+continuous story, with the gradual and progressive introduction of
+constructions and idioms. These seem to me to be introduced at the right
+moment, and to be played upon long enough to make them thoroughly
+familiar."
+
+In revising Mr. Ritchie's book for the use of American schools it has
+seemed best to make extensive changes. Long vowels have been marked
+throughout, and the orthography of Latin words has been brought into
+conformity with our practice. Many liberties have been taken with the
+text itself, especially in the latter part, in the way of making it
+approximate more closely to our rather strict notions of the standards of
+model prose. A few words and uses of words not found in the prose writers
+of the republic have been retained, but nothing, it is hoped, that will
+seriously mislead the young student. I shall welcome any criticism that
+may lead to further changes in the text in future editions.
+
+The notes are entirely new, and are intended for students who have but
+just finished the beginner's book or have not yet finished it. Some notes
+may appear at first sight unnecessary or unnecessarily hard, but the
+reason for their insertion should be evident when the student begins the
+reading of classical Latin, the difficulties of which will be less likely
+to appal the beginner if some of them have been already conquered. I
+believe it a mistake to postpone all treatment of the uses of the
+subjunctive, for instance, or of the constructions of indirect discourse
+until the study of Nepos or Caesar is begun. Besides, it is easier to
+neglect notes than to supply them, and the teacher who prefers to do the
+first reading without much attention to the more difficult constructions
+will only need to tell his students to disregard certain of my notes--or
+all of them.
+
+There are no references to the grammars, but syntax has been given such
+treatment as seemed needed to supplement its treatment in the beginner's
+book. Teachers will therefore be able to postpone the use of a formal
+manual of grammar, if they so desire. Those who wish their classes to
+begin the reading of Latin at the earliest possible moment will find it
+feasible to use this book as soon as the inflections and the more
+elementary principles of syntax have been mastered.
+
+In the vocabulary, the derivation or composition and the original meaning
+of words have been indicated wherever these seemed likely to prove
+helpful. Principal parts and genitives have been given in such a way as
+to prevent misunderstanding, and at the same time emphasize the
+composition of the verb or the suffix of the noun: for example, _abscido,
+-cidere, -cidi, -cisus; aetas, -tatis_.
+
+The lists of works of English literature and of art in which the myths
+are treated are only suggestive. Occasional readings from the one and
+exhibitions of representations of the other, either in the form of
+photographs or by the stereopticon, will not only stimulate interest in
+the Latin text but aid also in creating in the student a taste for
+literature and for art.
+
+I planned at first to add some exercises for retranslation, but after
+careful consideration it has seemed not worth while. Most teachers will
+prefer not to base composition upon the Latin read at this stage, and
+those who wish to do so will find it an easy matter to prepare their own
+exercises, or can draw upon the copious exercises prepared by Mr. Ritchie
+and published separately under the title _Imitative Exercises in Easy
+Latin Prose_.
+
+In the reading of proof I have had generous help from Dr. F.K. Ball of
+The Phillips Exeter Academy, Mr. J.C. Flood of St. Mark's School, and Mr.
+A.T. Dudley of Noble and Greenough's School, Boston. The proof-sheets
+have been used with the beginner's class in this Academy, and I have thus
+been able to profit by the criticism of my associate Mr. G.B. Rogers, and
+to test the work myself. The assistance of my wife has greatly lightened
+the labor of verifying the vocabulary.
+
+JOHN C. KIRTLAND, Jr.
+
+EXETER, N.H., 7 March, 1903.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE.
+THE MYTHS IN ART.
+INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
+PERSEUS.
+HERCULES.
+THE ARGONAUTS.
+ULYSSES.
+NOTES.
+VOCABULARY.
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+THE CARPENTER SHUTTING UP DANAE AND PERSEUS IN THE ARK AT THE COMMAND
+    OF ACRISIUS (Vase-painting)
+HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA (Pompeian Wall-painting)
+MEDEA MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS (Pompeian Wall-painting)
+ULYSSES AND CIRCE (Roman Relief)
+
+
+
+
+THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE
+
+
+PERSEUS
+
+Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Gorgon's Head_.
+Kingsley, _The Heroes: Perseus_.
+Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: Medusa, Danae, Perseus, Andromeda,
+    Akrisios_.
+Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Adventures of Perseus_.
+Kingsley, _Andromeda_.
+William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The Doom of King Acrisius_.
+Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Andromeda_.
+Dowden, _Andromeda_.
+Shelley, _On the Medusa of Leonardo da Vinci_.
+D. G. Rossetti, _Aspecta Medusa_.
+
+
+HERCULES
+
+Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Three Golden Apples_.
+Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: The Toils of Herakles_.
+Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Hero of Heroes_.
+William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The Golden Apples_.
+Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Deianeira_.
+Lang's translation of Theocritus, _Idyls_ xxiv, xxv.
+
+
+THE ARGONAUTS
+
+Apollonius of Rhodes, _The Tale of the Argonauts_, translated by Way.
+D.O.S. Lowell, _Jason's Quest_.
+Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: The Golden Fleece_.
+Kingsley, _The Heroes: The Argonauts_.
+Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: Phrixos and Helle, Medeia_.
+Church, _Heroes and Kings: The Story of the Ship Argo_.
+Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Golden Fleece_.
+William Morris, _The Life and Death of Jason_.
+Bayard Taylor, _Hylas_.
+John Dyer, _The Fleece_.
+Lang's translation of Theocritus, several of the _Idyls_.
+
+
+ULYSSES
+
+Homer, _The Odyssey_, translated by Bryant (verse), William Morris
+    (verse), Palmer (prose), Butcher and Lang (prose).
+Lamb, _The Adventures of Ulysses_.
+Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: Circe's Palace_.
+Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: The Lotos-Eaters, Odysseus and Polyphemos,
+    Odysseus and Kirke_.
+Church, _Stories from Homer: The Cyclops, The Island of Aeolus, Circe_.
+Tennyson, _The Lotos-Eaters_.
+Matthew Arnold, _The Strayed Reveler_.
+Dobson, _The Prayer of the Swine to Circe_.
+
+
+
+
+THE MYTHS IN ART
+
+
+Burne-Jones, _Perseus and the Graeae_.
+Caravaggio, _Head of Medusa_.
+Leonardo da Vinci, _Head of Medusa_.
+Canova, _Perseus_.
+Benvenuto Cellini, _Perseus_, and _Perseus saving Andromeda_.
+Piero di Cosimo, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
+Charles Antoine Coypel, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
+Domenichino, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
+Rubens, _Perseus and Andromeda_.
+Giovanni da Bologna, _Hercules and the Centaur_.
+Bandinelli, _Hercules and Cacus_.
+Guido Reni, _Dejanira and the Centaur Nessus_.
+Canova, _Hercules and Lichas_.
+Sichel, _Medea_.
+Genelli, _Jason and Medea capturing the Golden Fleece_.
+Burne-Jones, _Circe_.
+L. Chalon, _Circe and the Companions of Ulysses_.
+Riviere, _Circe and the Companions of Ulysses_.
+
+Photographs and lantern-slides of all the works mentioned above may be
+obtained of the Soule Art Company, Boston. The list might have been made
+much longer, but it seemed likely to prove most helpful if limited to
+works of which reproductions are so easily obtainable. For the treatment
+of the myths in ancient art, the teacher is referred to the numerous
+pertinent illustrations in Baumeister's _Denkmaeler des klassischen
+Altertums_, or the same editor's _Bilder aus dem griechischen und
+roemischen Altertum fuer Schueler_, the latter of which contains the cuts of
+the larger work, and is so cheap and so useful that it ought to lie on
+the desk of every teacher of Greek or Latin.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY NOTE
+
+
+The _Fabulae Faciles_, or 'Easy Stories.' are four Greek myths retold in
+Latin, not by a Roman writer, however, but by an Englishman, who believed
+that they would afford interesting and pleasant reading for young folks
+who were just beginning the study of the Latin language. By myth is meant
+an imaginative tale that has been handed down by tradition from remote
+antiquity concerning supernatural beings and events. Such tales are
+common among all primitive peoples, and are by them accepted as true.
+They owe their origin to no single author, but grow up as the untutored
+imagination strives to explain to itself the operations of nature and the
+mysteries of life, or amuses itself with stories of the brave exploits of
+heroic ancestors.
+
+The most beautiful and delightful of all myths are those that have come
+down to us in the remains of the literature and the art of ancient Greece
+and Rome; they are also the most important to us, for many of the great
+masterpieces of English literature and of modern art have been inspired
+by them and cannot be understood and appreciated by one ignorant of
+classical mythology.
+
+Of this mythology the _Fabulae Faciles_ give but a small part. If you
+wish to know more of the subject, you should read Gayley's _The Classic
+Myths in English Literature_, Guerber's _Myths of Greece and Rome_, or
+the books by Kingsiey, Cox, Church, and Francillon mentioned earlier.
+
+
+
+
+PERSEUS
+
+
+_Acrisius, an ancient king of Argos, had been warned by an oracle that he
+should perish by the hand of his grandson. On discovering, therefore,
+that his daughter Danae had given birth to a son, Acrisius endeavored to
+escape his fate by setting both mother and child adrift on the sea. They
+were saved, however, by the help of Jupiter; and Perseus, the child, grew
+up at the court of Polydectes, king of Seriphos, an island in the Aegean
+Sea. On reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to fetch the
+head of Medusa, one of the Gorgons. This dangerous task he accomplished
+with the help of Apollo and Minerva, and on his way home he rescued
+Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus, from a sea-monster. Perseus then married
+Andromeda, and lived some time in the country of Cepheus. At length he
+returned to Seriphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing him the
+Gorgon's head; he then went to the court of Acrisius, who fled in terror
+at the news of his grandson's return. The oracle was duly fulfilled, for
+Acrisius was accidentally killed by a quoit thrown by Perseus_.
+
+
+1. _THE ARK_
+
+Haec narrantur a poetis de Perseo. Perseus filius erat Iovis, maximi
+deorum; avus eius Acrisius appellabatur. Acrisius volebat Perseum nepotem
+suum necare; nam propter oraculum puerum timebat. Comprehendit igitur
+Perseum adhuc infantem, et cum matre in arca lignea inclusit. Tum arcam
+ipsam in mare coniecit. Danae, Persei mater, magnopere territa est;
+tempestas enim magna mare turbabat. Perseus autem in sinu matris
+dormiebat.
+
+2. _JUPITER SAVES HIS SON_
+
+Iuppiter tamen haec omnia vidit, et filium suum servare constituit.
+Tranquillum igitur fecit mare, et arcam ad insulam Seriphum perduxit.
+Huius insulae Polydectes tum rex erat. Postquam arca ad litus appulsa
+est, Danae in harena quietem capiebat. Post breve tempus a piscatore
+quodam reperta est, et ad domum regis Polydectis adducta est. Ille matrem
+et puerum benigne excepit, et iis sedem tutam in finibus suis dedit.
+Danae hoc donum libenter accepit, et pro tanto beneficio regi gratias
+egit.
+
+3. _PERSEUS IS SENT ON HIS TRAVELS_
+
+Perseus igitur multos annos ibi habitabat, et cum matre sua vitam beatam
+agebat. At Polydectes Danaen magnopere amabat, atque eam in matrimonium
+ducere volebat. Hoc tamen consilium Perseo minime gratum erat. Polydectes
+igitur Perseum dimittere constituit. Tum iuvenem ad se vocavit et haec
+dixit: "Turpe est hanc ignavam vitam agere; iam dudum tu adulescens es.
+Quo usque hic manebis? Tempus est arma capere et virtutem praestare. Hinc
+abi, et caput Medusae mihi refer."
+
+4. _PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT_
+
+Perseus ubi haec audivit, ex insula discessit, et postquam ad continentem
+venit, Medusam quaesivit. Diu frustra quaerebat; namque naturam loci
+ignorabat. Tandem Apollo et Minerva viam demonstraverunt. Primum ad
+Graeas, sorores Medusae, pervenit. Ab his talaria et galeam magicam
+accepit. Apollo autem et Minerva falcem et speculum dederunt. Tum
+postquam talaria pedibus induit, in aera ascendit. Diu per acra volabat;
+tandem tamen ad eum locum venit ubi Medusa cum ceteris Gorgonibus
+habitabat. Gorgones autem monstra erant specie horribili; capita enim
+earum anguibus omnino contecta erant. Manus etiam ex aere factae erant.
+
+5. _THE GORGON'S HEAD_
+
+Res difficillima erat caput Gorgonis abscidere; eius enim conspectu
+homines in saxum vertebantur. Propter hanc causam Minerva speculum Perseo
+dederat. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum inspiciebat; hoc modo
+ad locum venit ubi Medusa dormiebat. Tum falce sua caput eius uno ictu
+abscidit. Ceterae Gorgones statim e somno excitatae sunt, et ubi rem
+viderunt, ira commotae sunt. Arma rapuerunt, et Perseum occidere
+volebant. Ille autem dum fugit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hoc fecit,
+statim e conspectu earum evasit.
+
+6. _THE SEA-SERPENT_
+
+Post haec Perseus in finis Aethiopum venit. Ibi Cepheus quidam illo
+tempore regnabat. Hic Neptunum, maris deum, olim offenderat; Neptunus
+autem monstrum saevissimum miserat. Hoc cottidie e mari veniebat et
+homines devorabat. Ob hanc causam pavor animos omnium occupaverat.
+Cepheus igitur oraculum dei Hammonis consuluit, atque a deo iussus est
+filiam monstro tradere. Eius autem filia, nomine Andromeda, virgo
+formosissima erat. Cepheus ubi haec audivit, magnum dolorem percepit.
+Volebat tamen civis suos e tanto periculo extrahere, atque ob eam causam
+imperata Hammonis facere constituit.
+
+7. _A HUMAN SACRIFICE_
+
+Tum rex diem certam dixit et omnia paravit. Ubi ea dies venit, Andromeda
+ad litus deducta est, et in conspectu omnium ad rupem adligata est. Omnes
+fatum eius deplorabant, nec lacrimas tenebant. At subito, dum monstrum
+exspectant, Perseus accurrit; et ubi lacrimas vidit, causam doloris
+quaerit. Illi rem totam exponunt et puellam demonstrant. Dum haec
+geruntur, fremitus terribilis auditur; simul monstrum horribili specie
+procul conspicitur. Eius conspectus timorem maximum omnibus iniecit.
+Monstrum magna celeritate ad litus contendit, iamque ad locum
+appropinquabat ubi puella stabat.
+
+8. _THE RESCUE_
+
+At Perseus ubi haec vidit, gladium suum eduxit, et postquam talaria
+induit, in aera sublatus est. Tum desuper in monstrum impetum subito
+fecit, et gladio suo collum eius graviter vulneravit. Monstrum ubi sensit
+vulnus, fremitum horribilem edidit, et sine mora totum corpus in aquam
+mersit. Perseus dum circum litus volat, reditum eius exspectabat. Mare
+autem interea undique sanguine inficitur. Post breve tempus belua rursus
+caput sustulit; mox tamen a Perseo ictu graviore vulnerata est. Tum
+iterum se in undas mersit, neque postea visa est.
+
+9. _THE REWARD OF VALOR_
+
+Perseus postquam ad litus descendit, primum talaria exuit; tum ad rupem
+venit ubi Andromeda vincta erat. Ea autem omnem spem salutis deposuerat,
+et ubi Perseus adiit, terrore paene exanimata erat. Ille vincula statim
+solvit, et puellam patri reddidit. Cepheus ob hanc rem maximo gaudio
+adfectus est. Meritam gratiam pro tanto beneficio Perseo rettulit;
+praeterea Andromedam ipsam ei in matrimonium dedit. Ille libenter hoc
+donum accepit et puellam duxit. Paucos annos cum uxore sua in ea regione
+habitabat, et in magno honore erat apud omnis Aethiopes. Magnopere tamen
+matrem suam rursus videre cupiebat. Tandem igitur cum uxore sua e regno
+Cephei discessit.
+
+10. _POLYDECTES IS TURNED TO STONE_
+
+Postquam Perseus ad insulam navem appulit, se ad locum contulit ubi mater
+olim habitaverat, sed domum invenit vacuam et omnino desertam. Tris dies
+per totam insulam matrem quaerebat; tandem quarto die ad templum Dianae
+pervenit. Huc Danae refugerat, quod Polydectem timebat. Perseus ubi haec
+cognovit, ira magna commotus est; ad regiam Polydectis sine mora
+contendit, et ubi eo venit, statim in atrium inrupit. Polydectes magno
+timore adfectus est et fugere volebat. Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseus
+caput Medusae monstravit; ille autem simul atque hoc vidit, in saxum
+versus est.
+
+II. _THE ORACLE FULFILLED_
+
+Post haec Perseus cum uxore sua ad urbem Acrisi rediit. Ille autem ubi
+Perseum vidit, magno terrore adfectus est; nam propter oraculum istud
+nepotem suum adhuc timebat. In Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Larisam statim
+refugit, frustra tamen; neque enim fatum suum vitavit. Post paucos annos
+rex Larisae ludos magnos fecit; nuntios in omnis partis dimiserat et diem
+edixerat. Multi ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad ludos convenerunt. Ipse
+Perseus inter alios certamen discorum iniit. At dum discum conicit, avum
+suum casu occidit; Acrisius enim inter spectatores eius certaminis forte
+stabat.
+
+
+
+
+HERCULES
+
+
+_Hercules, a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pursued
+throughout his life by the hatred of Juno. While yet an infant, he
+strangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him. During his
+boyhood and youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength, and
+on reaching manhood succeeded in delivering the Thebans from the
+oppression of the Minyae. In a fit of madness sent upon him by Juno, he
+slew his own children; and on consulting the Delphic oracle as to how he
+should cleanse himself from this crime, he was ordered to submit himself
+for twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform whatever
+tasks were appointed him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and during the
+twelve years of his servitude accomplished twelve extraordinary feats
+known as the Labors of Hercules. His death was caused unintentionally by
+his wife Dejanira. Hercules had shot with his poisoned arrows a centaur
+named Nessus, who had insulted Dejanira. Nessus, before he died, gave
+some of his blood to Dejanira, and told her it would act as a charm to
+secure her husband's love. Some time after, Dejanira wishing to try the
+charm soaked one of her husband's garments in the blood, not knowing
+that it was poisoned. Hercules put on the robe, and after suffering
+terrible torments died, or was carried off by his father Jupiter_.
+
+
+12. _THE HATRED OF JUNO_
+
+Hercules, Alcmenae filius, olim in Graecia habitabat. Hic omnium hominum
+validissimus fuisse dicitur. At Iuno, regina deorum, Alcmenam oderat et
+Herculem adhuc infantem necare voluit. Misit igitur duas serpentis
+saevissimas; hae media nocte in cubiculum Alcmenae venerunt, ubi Hercules
+cum fratre suo dormiebat. Nec tamen in cunis, sed in scuto magno
+cubabant. Serpentes iam appropinquaverant et scutum movebant; itaque
+pueri e somno excitati sunt.
+
+13. _HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS_
+
+Iphicles, frater Herculis, magna voce exclamavit; sed Hercules ipse,
+fortissimus puer, haudquaquam territus est. Parvis manibus serpentis
+statim prehendit, et colla earum magna vi compressit. Tali modo serpentes
+a puero interfectae sunt. Alcmena autem, mater puerorum, clamorem
+audiverat, et maritum suum e somno excitaverat. Ille lumen accendit et
+gladium suum rapuit; tum ad pueros properabat, sed ubi ad locum venit,
+rem miram vidit, Hercules enim ridebat et serpentis mortuas monstrabat.
+
+14. _THE MUSIC-LESSON_
+
+Hercules a puero corpus suum diligenter exercebat; magnam partem diei in
+palaestra consumebat; didicit etiam arcum intendere et tela conicere. His
+exercitationibus vires eius confirmatae sunt. In musica etiam a Lino
+centauro erudiebatur (centauri autem equi erant sed caput hominis
+habebant); huic tamen arti minus diligenter studebat. Hic Linus Herculem
+olim obiurgabat, quod non studiosus erat; tum puer iratus citharam subito
+rapuit, et omnibus viribus caput magistri infelicis percussit. Ille ictu
+prostratus est, et paulo post e vita excessit, neque quisquam postea id
+officium suscipere voluit.
+
+15. _HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE_
+
+De Hercule haec etiam inter alia narrantur. Olim dum iter facit, in finis
+Aegyptiorum venit. Ibi rex quidam, nomine Busiris, illo tempore regnabat;
+hic autem vir crudelissimus homines immolare consueverat. Herculem igitur
+corripuit et in vincula coniecit. Tum nuntios dimisit et diem sacrificio
+edixit. Mox ea dies appetebat, et omnia rite parata sunt. Manus Herculis
+catenis ferreis vinctae sunt, et mola salsa in caput eius inspersa est.
+Mos enim erat apud antiquos salem et far capitibus victimarum imponere.
+Iam victima ad aram stabat; iam sacerdos cultrum sumpserat. Subito tamen
+Hercules magno conatu vincula perrupit; tum ictu sacerdotem prostravit;
+altero regem ipsum occidit.
+
+16. _A CRUEL DEED_
+
+Hercules iam adulescens Thebis habitabat. Rex Thebarum, vir ignavus,
+Creon appellabatur. Minyae, gens bellicosissima, Thebanis finitimi erant.
+Legati autem a Minyis ad Thebanos quotannis mittebantur; hi Thebas
+veniebant et centum boves postulabant. Thebani enim olim a Minyis
+superati erant; tributa igitur regi Minyarum quotannis pendebant. At
+Hercules civis suos hoc stipendio liberare constituit; legatos igitur
+comprehendit, atque auris eorum abscidit. Legati autem apud omnis gentis
+sancti habentur.
+
+17. _THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE_
+
+Erginus, rex Minyarum, ob haec vehementer iratus statim cum omnibus
+copiis in finis Thebanorum contendit. Creon adventum eius per
+exploratores cognovit. Ipse tamen pugnare noluit, nam magno timore
+adfectus erat; Thebani igitur Herculem imperatorem creaverunt. Ille
+nuntios in omnis partis dimisit, et copias coegit; tum proximo die cum
+magno exercitu profectus est. Locum idoneum delegit et aciem instruxit.
+Tum Thebani e superiore loco impetum in hostis fecerunt. Illi autem
+impetum sustinere non potuerunt; itaque acies hostium pulsa est atque in
+fugam conversa.
+
+18. _MADNESS AND MURDER_
+
+Post hoc proelium Hercules copias suas ad urbem reduxit. Omnes Thebani
+propter victoriam maxime gaudebant; Creon autem magnis honoribus Herculem
+decoravit, atque filiam suam ei in matrimonium dedit. Hercules cum uxore
+sua beatam vitam agebat; sed post paucos annos subito in furorem incidit,
+atque liberos suos ipse sua manu occidit. Post breve tempus ad sanitatem
+reductus est, et propter hoc facinus magno dolore adfectus est; mox ex
+urbe effugit et in silvas se recepit. Nolebant enim cives sermonem cum eo
+habere.
+
+19. _HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE_
+
+Hercules tantum scelus expiare magnopere cupiebat. Constituit igitur ad
+oraculum Delphicum ire; hoc enim oraculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibi
+templum erat Apollinis plurimis donis ornatum. Hoc in templo sedebat
+femina quaedam, nomine Pythia et consilium dabat iis qui ad oraculum
+veniebant. Haec autem femina ab ipso Apolline docebatur, et voluntatem
+dei hominibus enuntiabat. Hercules igitur, qui Apollinem praecipue
+colebat, huc venit. Tum rem totam exposuit, neque scelus celavit.
+
+20. _THE ORACLE'S REPLY_
+
+Ubi Hercules finem fecit, Pythia primo tacebat; tandem tamen iussit eum
+ad urbem Tiryntha ire, et Eurysthei regis omnia imperata facere. Hercules
+ubi haec audivit, ad urbem illam contendit, et Eurystheo regi se in
+servitutem tradidit. Duodecim annos crudelissimo Eurystheo serviebat, et
+duodecim labores, quos ille imperaverat, confecit; hoc enim uno modo
+tantum scelus expiari potuit. De his laboribus plurima a poetis scripta
+sunt. Multa tamen quae poetae narrant vix credibilia sunt.
+
+21. _FIRST LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION_
+
+Primum ab Eurystheo iussus est Hercules leonem occidere qui illo tempore
+vallem Nemeaeam reddebat infestam. In silvas igitur in quibus leo
+habitabat statim se contulit. Mox feram vidit, et arcum, quem secum
+attulerat, intendit; eius tamen pellem, quae densissima erat, traicere
+non potuit. Tum clava magna quam semper gerebat leonem percussit, frustra
+tamen; neque enim hoc modo eum occidere potuit. Tum demum collum monstri
+bracchiis suis complexus est et faucis eius omnibus viribus compressit.
+Hoc modo leo brevi tempore exanimatus est; nulla enim respirandi facultas
+ei dabatur. Tum Hercules cadaver ad oppidum in umeris rettulit; et
+pellem, quam detraxerat, postea pro veste gerebat. Omnes autem qui eam
+regionem incolebant, ubi famam de morte leonis acceperunt, vehementer
+gaudebant et Herculem magno honore habebant.
+
+22. _SECOND LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA_
+
+Paulo post iussus est ab Eurystheo Hydram necare. Hoc autem monstrum erat
+cui novem erant capita. Hercules igitur cum amico Iolao profectus est ad
+paludem Lernaeam, in qua Hydra habitabat. Mox monstrum invenit, et
+quamquam res erat magni periculi, collum eius sinistra prehendit. Tum
+dextra capita novem abscidere coepit; quotiens tamen hoc fecerat, nova
+capita exoriebantur. Diu frustra laborabat; tandem hoc conatu destitit.
+Deinde arbores succidere et ignem accendere constituit. Hoc celeriter
+fecit, et postquam ligna ignem comprehenderunt, face ardente colla
+adussit, unde capita exoriebantur. Nec tamen sine magno labore haec
+fecit; venit enim auxilio Hydrae cancer ingens, qui, dum Hercules capita
+abscidit, crura eius mordebat. Postquam monstrum tali modo interfecit,
+sagittas suas sanguine eius imbuit, itaque mortiferas reddidit.
+
+23. _THIRD LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG_
+
+Postquam Eurystheo caedes Hydrae nuntiata est, magnus timor animum eius
+occupavit. Iussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad se referre; noluit
+enim virum tantae audaciae in urbe retinere. Hic autem cervus, cuius
+cornua aurea fuisse traduntur, incredibili fuit celeritate. Hercules
+igitur primo vestigiis eum in silva persequebatur; deinde ubi cervum
+ipsum vidit, omnibus viribus currere coepit. Usque ad vesperum currebat,
+ neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad quietem relinquebat, frustra tamen; nullo
+enim modo cervum consequi poterat. Tandem postquam totum annum cucurrerat
+(ita traditur), cervum cursu exanimatum cepit, et vivum ad Eurystheum
+rettulit.
+
+24. _FOURTH LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR_
+
+Tum vero iussus est Hercules aprum quendam capere qui illo tempore agros
+Erymanthios vastabat et incolas huius regionis magnopere terrebat.
+Hercules rem suscepit et in Arcadiam profectus est. Postquam in silvam
+paulum progressus est, apro occurrit. Ille autem simul atque Herculem
+vidit, statim refugit; et timore perterritus in altam fossam se proiecit.
+Hercules igitur laqueum quem attulerat iniecit, et summa cum difficultate
+aprum e fossa extraxit. Ille etsi fortiter repugnabat, nullo modo se
+liberare potuit; et ab Hercule ad Eurystheum vivus relatus est.
+
+25. _HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE_
+
+De quarto labore, quem supra narravimus, haec etiam traduntur. Hercules
+dum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam regionem venit quam centauri
+incolebant. Cum nox iam appeteret, ad speluncam devertit in qua centaurus
+quidam, nomine Pholus, habitabat.
+
+Ille Herculem benigne excepit et cenam paravit. At Hercules postquam
+cenavit, vinum a Pholo postulavit. Erat autem in spelunca magna amphora
+vino optimo repleta, quam centauri ibi deposuerant. Pholus igitur hoc
+vinum dare nolebat, quod reliquos centauros timebat; nullum tamen vinum
+praeter hoc in spelunca habebat. "Hoc vinum," inquit, "mihi commissum
+est. Si igitur hoc dabo, centauri me interficient." Hercules tamen eum
+inrisit, et ipse poculum vini de amphora hausit.
+
+26. _THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS_
+
+Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor iucundissimus undique diffusus est;
+vinum enim suavissimum erat. Centauri notum odorem senserunt et omnes ad
+locum convenerunt.
+
+Ubi ad speluncam pervenerunt, magnopere irati erant quod Herculem
+bibentem viderunt. Tum arma rapuerunt et Pholum interficere volebant.
+Hercules tamen in aditu speluncae constitit et impetum eorum fortissime
+sustinebat. Faces ardentis in eos coniecit; multos etiam sagittis suis
+vulneravit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae sanguine Hydrae olim
+imbutae erant. Omnes igitur quos ille sagittis vulneraverat veneno statim
+absumpti sunt; reliqui autem ubi hoc viderunt, terga verterunt et fuga
+salutem petierunt.
+
+27. _THE FATE OF PHOLUS_
+
+Postquam reliqui fugerunt, Pholus ex spelunca egressus est, et corpora
+spectabat eorum qui sagittis interfecti erant. Magnopere autem miratus
+est quod tam levi vulnere exanimati erant, et causam eius rei quaerebat.
+Adiit igitur locum ubi cadaver cuiusdam centauri iacebat, et sagittam e
+vulnere traxit. Haec tamen sive casu sive consilio deorum e manibus eius
+lapsa est, et pedem leviter vulneravit. Ille extemplo dolorem gravem per
+omnia membra sensit, et post breve tempus vi veneni exanimatus est. Mox
+Hercules, qui reliquos centauros secutus erat, ad speluncam rediit, et
+magno cum dolore Pholum mortuum vidit. Multis cum lacrimis corpus amici
+ad sepulturam dedit; tum, postquam alterum poculum vini exhausit, somno
+se dedit.
+
+28. _FIFTH LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES_
+
+Deinde Eurystheus Herculi hunc laborem graviorem imposuit. Augeas quidam,
+qui illo tempore regnum in Elide obtinebat, tria milia boum habebat. Hi
+in stabulo ingentis magnitudinis includebantur. Stabulum autem inluvie ac
+squalore erat obsitum, neque enim ad hoc tempus umquam purgatum erat. Hoc
+Hercules intra spatium unius diei purgare iussus est. Ille, etsi res erat
+multae operae, negotium suscepit. Primum magno labore fossam duodeviginti
+pedum duxit, per quam fluminis aquam de montibus ad murum stabuli
+perduxit. Tum postquam murum perrupit, aquam in stabulum immisit et tali
+modo contra opinionem omnium opus confecit.
+
+29. _SIXTH LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS_
+
+Post paucos dies Hercules ad oppidum Stymphalum iter fecit; imperaverat
+enim ei Eurystheus ut avis Stymphalides necaret. Hae aves rostra aenea
+habebant et carne hominum vescebantur. Ille postquam ad locum pervenit,
+lacum vidit; in hoc autem lacu, qui non procul erat ab oppido, aves
+habitabant. Nulla tamen dabatur appropinquandi facultas; lacus enim non
+ex aqua sed e limo constitit. Hercules igitur neque pedibus neque lintre
+progredi potuit.
+
+Ille cum magnam partem diei frustra consumpsisset, hoc conatu destitit et
+ad Volcanum se contulit, ut auxilium ab eo peteret. Volcanus (qui ab
+fabris maxime colebatur) crepundia quae ipse ex aere fabricatus erat
+Herculi dedit. His Hercules tam acrem crepitum fecit ut aves perterritae
+avolarent. Ille autem, dum avolant, magnum numerum earum sagittis
+transfixit.
+
+30. _SEVENTH LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL_
+
+Tum Eurystheus Herculi imperavit ut taurum quendam ferocissimum ex insula
+Creta vivum referret. Ille igitur navem conscendit, et cum ventus idoneus
+esset, statim solvit. Cum tamen insulae iam appropinquaret, tanta
+tempestas subito coorta est ut navis cursum tenere non posset. Tantus
+autem timor animos nautarum occupavit ut paene omnem spem salutis
+deponerent. Hercules tamen, etsi navigandi imperitus erat, haudquaquam
+territus est.
+
+Post breve tempus summa tranquillitas consecuta est, et nautae, qui se ex
+timore iam receperant, navem incolumem ad terram appulerunt. Hercules e
+navi egressus est, et cum ad regem Cretae venisset, causam veniendi
+docuit. Deinde, postquam omnia parata sunt, ad eam regionem contendit
+quam taurus vastabat. Mox taurum vidit, et quamquam res erat magni
+periculi, cornua eius prehendit. Tum, cum ingenti labore monstrum ad
+navem traxisset, cum praeda in Graeciam rediit.
+
+31. _EIGHTH LABOR: THE MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE_
+
+Postquam ex insula Creta rediit, Hercules ab Eurystheo in Thraciam missus
+est, ut equos Diomedis reduceret. Hi equi carne hominum vescebantur;
+Diomedes autem, vir crudelissimus, illis obiciebat peregrinos omnis qui
+in eam regionem venerant. Hercules igitur magna celeritate in Thraciam
+contendit et ab Diomede postulavit ut equi sibi traderentur. Cum tamen
+ille hoc facere nollet, Hercules ira commotus regem interfecit et cadaver
+eius equis obici iussit.
+
+Ita mira rerum commutatio facta est; is enim qui antea multos cum
+cruciatu necaverat ipse eodem supplicio necatus est. Cum haec nuntiata
+essent, omnes qui eam regionem incolebant maxima laetitia adfecti sunt et
+Herculi meritam gratiam referebant. Non modo maximis honoribus et
+praemiis eum decoraverunt sed orabant etiam ut regnum ipse susciperet.
+Ille tamen hoc facere nolebat, et cum ad mare rediisset, navem occupavit.
+Ubi omnia ad navigandum parata sunt, equos in navi conlocavit; deinde,
+cum idoneam tempestatem nactus esset, sine mora e portu solvit, et paulo
+post equos in litus Argolicum exposuit.
+
+32. _NINTH LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE_
+
+Gens Amazonum dicitur omnino ex mulieribus constitisse. Hae summam
+scientiam rei militaris habebant, et tantam virtutem adhibebant ut cum
+viris proelium committere auderent. Hippolyte, Amazonum regina, balteum
+habuit celeberrimum quem Mars ei dederat. Admeta autem, Eurysthei filia,
+famam de hoc balteo acceperat et eum possidere vehementer cupiebat.
+Eurystheus igitur Herculi mandavit ut copias cogeret et bellum Amazonibus
+inferret. Ille nuntios in omnis partis dimisit, et cum magna multitudo
+convenisset, eos delegit qui maximum usum in re militari habebant.
+
+33. _THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED_
+
+His viris Hercules persuasit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut secum
+iter facerent. Tum cum iis quibus persuaserat navem conscendit, et cum
+ventus idoneus esset, post paucos dies ad ostium fluminis Thermodontis
+appulit. Postquam in finis Amazonum venit, nuntium ad Hippolytam misit,
+qui causam veniendi doceret et balteum posceret. Ipsa Hippolyte balteum
+tradere volebat, quod de Herculis virtute famam acceperat; reliquae tamen
+Amazones ei persuaserunt ut negaret. At Hercules, cum haec nuntiata
+essent, belli fortunam temptare constituit.
+
+Proximo igitur die cum copias eduxisset, locum idoneum delegit et hostis
+ad pugnam evocavit. Amazones quoque copias suas ex castris eduxerunt et
+non magno intervallo ab Hercule aciem instruxerunt.
+
+34. _THE BATTLE_
+
+Palus erat non magna inter duo exercitus; neutri tamen initium transeundi
+facere volebant. Tandem Hercules signum dedit, et ubi paludem transiit,
+proelium commisit.
+
+Amazones impetum virorum fortissime sustinuerunt, et contra opinionem
+omnium tantam virtutem praestiterunt ut multos eorum occiderint, multos
+etiam in fugam coniecerint. Viri enim novo genere pugnae perturbabantur
+nec magnam virtutem praestabant. Hercules autem cum haec videret, de suis
+fortunis desperare coepit. Milites igitur vehementer cohortatus est ut
+pristinae virtutis memoriam retinerent neu tantum dedecus admitterent,
+hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinerent; quibus verbis animos omnium ita
+erexit ut multi etiam qui vulneribus confecti essent proelium sine mora
+redintegrarent.
+
+35. _THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS_
+
+Diu et acriter pugnatum est; tandem tamen ad solis occasum tanta
+commutatio rerum facta est ut mulieres terga verterent et fuga salutem
+peterent. Multae autem vulneribus defessae dum fugiunt captae sunt, in
+quo numero ipsa erat Hippolyte. Hercules summam clementiam praestitit, et
+postquam balteum accepit, libertatem omnibus captivis dedit. Tum vero
+socios ad mare reduxit, et quod non multum aestatis supererat, in
+Graeciam proficisci maturavit. Navem igitur conscendit, et tempestatem
+idoneam nactus statim solvit; antequam tamen in Graeciam pervenit, ad
+urbem Troiam navem appellere constituit, frumentum enim quod secum
+habebat iam deficere coeperat.
+
+36. _LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER_
+
+Laomedon quidam illo tempore regnum Troiae obtinebat. Ad hunc Neptunus et
+Apollo anno superiore venerant, et cum Troia nondum moenia haberet, ad
+hoc opus auxilium obtulerant. Postquam tamen horum auxilio moenia
+confecta sunt, nolebat Laomedon praemium quod proposuerat persolvere.
+
+Neptunus igitur et Apollo ob hanc causam irati monstrum quoddam miserunt
+specie horribili, quod cottidie e mari veniebat et homines pecudesque
+vorabat. Troiani autem timore perterriti in urbe continebantur, et pecora
+omnia ex agris intra muros compulerant. Laomedon his rebus commotus
+oraculum consuluit, ac deus ei praecepit ut filiam Hesionem monstro
+obiceret.
+
+37. _THE RESCUE OF HESIONE_
+
+Laomedon, cum hoc responsum renuntiatum esset, magnum dolorem percepit;
+sed tamen, ut civis suos tanto periculo liberaret, oraculo parere
+constituit et diem sacrificio dixit. Sed sive casu sive consilio deorum
+Hercules tempore opportunissimo Troiam attigit; ipso enim temporis puncto
+quo puella catenis vincta ad litus deducebatur ille navem appulit.
+Hercules e navi egressus de rebus quae gerebantur certior factus est; tum
+ira commotus ad regem se contulit et auxilium suum obtulit. Cum rex
+libenter ei concessisset ut, si posset, puellam liberaret, Hercules
+monstrum interfecit; et puellam, quae iam omnem spem salutis deposuerat,
+incolumem ad patrem reduxit. Laomedon magno cum gaudio filiam suam
+accepit, et Herculi pro tanto beneficio meritam gratiam rettulit.
+
+38. _TENTH LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON_
+
+Tum vero missus est Hercules ad insulam Erythiam, ut boves Geryonis
+arcesseret. Res erat summae difficultatis, quod boves a quodam Eurytione
+et a cane bicipite custodiebantur. Ipse autem Geryon speciem horribilem
+praebebat; tria enim corpora inter se coniuncta habebat. Hercules tamen
+etsi intellegebat quantum periculum esset, negotium suscepit; ac postquam
+per multas terras iter fecit, ad eam partem Libyae pervenit quae Europae
+proxima est. Ibi in utroque litore freti quod Europam a Libya dividit
+columnas constituit, quae postea Herculis Columnae appellabantur.
+
+39. _THE GOLDEN SHIP_
+
+Dum hic moratur, Hercules magnum incommodum ex calore solis accipiebat;
+tandem igitur ira commotus arcum suum intendit et solem sagittis petiit.
+Sol tamen audaciam viri tantum admiratus est ut lintrem auream ei
+dederit. Hercules hoc donum libentissime accepit, nullam enim navem in
+his regionibus invenire potuerat. Tum lintrem deduxit, et ventum nactus
+idoneum post breve tempus ad insulam pervenit. Ubi ex incolis cognovit
+quo in loco boves essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et a rege
+Geryone postulavit ut boves sibi traderentur. Cum tamen ille hoc facere
+nollet, Hercules et regem ipsum et Eurytionem, qui erat ingenti
+magnitudine corporis, interfecit.
+
+40. _A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM_
+
+Tum Hercules boves per Hispaniam et Liguriam compellere constituit;
+postquam igitur omnia parata sunt, boves ex insula ad continentem
+transportavit. Ligures autem, gens bellicosissima, dum ille per finis
+eorum iter facit, magnas copias coegerunt atque eum longius progredi
+prohibebant. Hercules magnam difficultatem habebat, barbari enim in locis
+superioribus constiterant et saxa telaque in eum coniciebant. Ille quidem
+paene omnem spem salutis deposuerat, sed tempore opportunissimo Iuppiter
+imbrem lapidum ingentium e caelo demisit. Hi tanta vi ceciderunt ut
+magnum numerum Ligurum occiderint; ipse tamen Hercules (ut in talibus
+rebus accidere consuevit) nihil incommodi cepit.
+
+41. _THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS_
+
+Postquam Ligures hoc modo superati sunt, Hercules quam celerrime
+progressus est et post paucos dies ad Alpis pervenit. Necesse erat has
+transire, ut in Italiam boves ageret; res tamen summae erat
+difficultatis. Hi enim montes, qui ulteriorem a citeriore Gallia
+dividunt, nive perenni sunt tecti; quam ob causam neque frumentum neque
+pabulum in his regionibus inveniri potest. Hercules igitur antequam
+ascendere coepit, magnam copiam frumenti et pabuli comparavit et hoc
+commeatu boves oneravit. Postquam in his rebus tris dies consumpserat,
+quarto die profectus est, et contra omnium opinionem boves incolumis in
+Italiam traduxit.
+
+42. _CACUS STEALS THE OXEN_
+
+Brevi tempore ad flumen Tiberim venit. Tum tamen nulla erat urbs in eo
+loco, Roma enim nondum condita erat. Hercules itinere fessus constituit
+ibi paucos dies morari, ut se ex laboribus recrearet. Haud procul a valle
+ubi boves pascebantur spelunca erat, in qua Cacus, horribile monstrum,
+tum habitabat. Hic speciem terribilem praebebat, non modo quod ingenti
+magnitudine corporis erat, sed quod ignem ex ore exspirabat. Cacus autem
+de adventu Herculis famam acceperat; noctu igitur venit, et dum Hercules
+dormit, quattuor pulcherrimorum boum abripuit. Hos caudis in speluncam
+traxit, ne Hercules e vestigiis cognoscere posset quo in loco celati
+essent.
+
+43. _HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT_
+
+Postero die simul atque e somno excitatus est, Hercules furtum
+animadvertit et boves amissos omnibus locis quaerebat. Hos tamen nusquam
+reperire poterat, non modo quod loci naturam ignorabat, sed quod
+vestigiis falsis deceptus est. Tandem cum magnam partem diei frustra
+consumpsisset, cum reliquis bobus progredi constituit. At dum proficisci
+parat, unus e bobus quos secum habuit mugire coepit. Subito ii qui in
+spelunca inclusi erant mugitum reddiderunt, et hoc modo Herculem
+certiorem fecerunt quo in loco celati essent. Ille vehementer iratus ad
+speluncam quam celerrime se contulit, ut praedam reciperet. At Cacus
+saxum ingens ita deiecerat ut aditus speluncae omnino obstrueretur.
+
+44. _HERCULES AND CACUS_
+
+Hercules cum nullum alium introitum reperire posset, hoc saxum amovere
+conatus est, sed propter eius magnitudinem res erat difficillima. Diu
+frustra laborabat neque quicquam efficere poterat; tandem tamen magno
+conatu saxum amovit et speluncam patefecit. Ibi amissos boves magno cum
+gaudio conspexit; sed Cacum ipsum vix cernere potuit, quod spelunca
+repleta erat fumo quem ille more suo evomebat. Hercules inusitata specie
+turbatus breve tempus haesitabat; mox tamen in speluncam inrupit et
+collum monstri bracchiis complexus est. Ille etsi multum repugnavit,
+nullo modo se liberare potuit, et cum nulla facultas respirandi daretur,
+mox exanimatus est.
+
+45. _ELEVENTH LABOR: THE GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES_
+
+Eurystheus postquam boves Geryonis accepit, laborem undecimum Herculi
+imposuit, graviorem quam quos supra narravimus. Mandavit enim ei ut aurea
+poma ex horto Hesperidum auferret. Hesperides autem nymphae erant quaedam
+forma praestantissima, quae in terra longinqua habitabant, et quibus
+aurea quaedam poma a Iunone commissa erant. Multi homines auri cupiditate
+inducti haec poma auferre iam antea conati erant. Res tamen difficillima
+erat, namque hortus in quo poma erant muro ingenti undique circumdatus
+erat; praeterea draco quidam cui centum erant capita portam horti
+diligenter custodiebat. Opus igitur quod Eurystheus Herculi imperaverat
+erat summae difficultatis, non modo ob causas quas memoravimus, sed etiam
+quod Hercules omnino ignorabat quo in loco hortus ille situs esset.
+
+
+46. _HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS_
+
+Hercules quamquam quietem vehementer cupiebat, tamen Eurystheo parere
+constituit, et simul ac iussa eius accepit, proficisci maturavit. A
+multis mercatoribus quaesiverat quo in loco Hesperides habitarent, nihil
+tamen certum reperire potuerat. Frustra per multas terras iter fecit et
+multa pericula subiit; tandem, cum in his itineribus totum annum
+consumpsisset, ad extremam partem orbis terrarum, quae proxima est
+Oceano, pervenit. Hic stabat vir quidam, nomine Atlas, ingenti
+magnitudine corporis, qui caelum (ita traditum est) umeris suis sustinebat,
+ne in terram decideret. Hercules tantas viris magnopere miratus statim in
+conloquium cum Atlante venit, et cum causam itineris docuisset, auxilium
+ab eo petiit.
+
+47. _HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS_
+
+Atlas autem Herculi maxime prodesse potuit; ille enim cum ipse esset
+pater Hesperidum, certo scivit quo in loco esset hortus. Postquam igitur
+audivit quam ob causam Hercules venisset, "Ipse," inquit, "ad hortum ibo
+et filiabus meis persuadebo ut poma sua sponte tradant." Hercules cum
+haec audiret, magnopere gavisus est; vim enim adhibere noluit, si res
+aliter fieri posset. Constituit igitur oblatum auxilium accipere. Atlas
+tamen postulavit ut, dum ipse abesset, Hercules caelum umeris sustineret.
+Hoc autem negotium Hercules libenter suscepit, et quamquam res erat summi
+laboris, totum pondus caeli continuos compluris dies solus sustinebat.
+
+48. _THE RETURN OF ATLAS_
+
+Atlas interea abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, qui pauca milia passuum
+aberat, se quam celerrime contulerat. Eo cum venisset, causam veniendi
+exposuit et filias suas vehementer hortatus est ut poma traderent. Illae
+diu haerebant; nolebant enim hoc facere, quod ab ipsa Iunone (ita ut ante
+dictum est) hoc munus accepissent. Atlas tamen aliquando iis persuasit ut
+sibi parerent, et poma ad Herculem rettulit. Hercules interea cum pluris
+dies exspectavisset neque ullam famam de reditu Atlantis accepisset, hac
+mora graviter commotus est. Tandem quinto die Atlantem vidit redeuntem,
+et mox magno cum gaudio poma accepit; tum, postquam gratias pro tanto
+beneficio egit, ad Graeciam proficisci maturavit.
+
+49. _TWELFTH LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG_
+
+Postquam aurea poma ad Eurystheum relata sunt, unus modo relinquebatur e
+duodecim laboribus quos Pythia Herculi praeceperat. Eurystheus autem cum
+Herculem magnopere timeret, eum in aliquem locum mittere volebat unde
+numquam redire posset. Negotium igitur ei dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orco
+in lucem traheret. Hoc opus omnium difficillimum erat, nemo enim umquam
+ex Orco redierat. Praeterea Cerberus iste monstrum erat horribili specie,
+cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevis cincta. Antequam tamen de hoc
+labore narramus, non alienum videtur, quoniam de Orco mentionem fecimus,
+pauca de ea regione proponere.
+
+50. _CHARON'S FERRY_
+
+De Orco, qui idem Hades appellabatur, haec traduntur. Ut quisque de vita
+decesserat, manes eius ad Orcum, sedem mortuorum, a deo Mercurio
+deducebantur. Huius regionis, quae sub terra fuisse dicitur, rex erat
+Pluto, cui uxor erat Proserpina, Iovis et Cereris filia. Manes igitur a
+Mercurio deducti primum ad ripam veniebant Stygis fluminis, quo regnum
+Plutonis continetur. Hoc transire necesse erat antequam in Orcum venire
+possent. Cum tamen in hoc flumine nullus pons factus esset, manes
+transvehebantur a Charonte quodam, qui cum parva scapha ad ripam
+exspectabat. Charon pro hoc officio mercedem postulabat, neque quemquam,
+nisi hoc praemium prius dedisset, transvehere volebat. Quam ob causam mos
+erat apud antiquos nummum in ore mortui ponere eo consilio, ut cum ad
+Stygem venisset, pretium traiectus solvere posset. Ii autem qui post
+mortem in terra non sepulti erant Stygem transire non potuerunt, sed in
+ripa per centum annos errare coacti sunt; tum demum Orcum intrare licuit.
+
+51. _THE REALM OF PLUTO_
+
+Ut autem manes Stygem hoc modo transierant, ad alterum veniebant flumen,
+quod Lethe appellabatur. Ex hoc flumine aquam bibere cogebantur; quod cum
+fecissent, res omnis in vita gestas e memoria deponebant. Denique ad
+sedem ipsius Plutonis veniebant, cuius introitus a cane Cerbero
+custodiebatur. Ibi Pluto nigro vestitu indutus cum uxore Proserpina in
+solio sedebat. Stabant etiam non procul ab eo loco tria alia solia, in
+quibus sedebant Minos, Rhadamanthus, Aeacusque, iudices apud inferos. Hi
+mortuis ius dicebant et praemia poenasque constituebant. Boni enim in
+Campos Elysios, sedem beatorum, veniebant; improbi autem in Tartarum
+mittebantur ac multis et variis suppliciis ibi excruciabantur.
+
+52. _HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX_
+
+Hercules postquam imperia Eurysthei accepit, in Laconiam ad Taenarum
+statim se contulit; ibi enim spelunca erat ingenti magnitudine, per quam,
+ut tradebatur, homines ad Orcum descendebant. Eo cum venisset, ex incolis
+quaesivit quo in loco spelunca illa sita esset; quod cum cognovisset,
+sine mora descendere constituit. Nec tamen solus hoc iter faciebat,
+Mercurius enim et Minerva se ei socios adiunxerant. Ubi ad ripam Stygis
+venit, Hercules scapham Charontis conscendit, ut ad ulteriorem ripam
+transiret. Cum tamen Hercules vir esset ingenti magnitudine corporis,
+Charon solvere nolebat; magnopere enim verebatur ne scapha sua tanto
+pondere onerata in medio flumine mergeretur. Tandem tamen minis Herculis
+territus Charon scapham solvit, et eum incolumem ad ulteriorem ripam
+perduxit.
+
+53. _THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED_
+
+Postquam flumen Stygem hoc modo transiit, Hercules in sedem ipsius
+Plutonis venit; et postquam causam veniendi docuit, ab eo petivit ut
+Cerberum auferre sibi liceret. Pluto, qui de Hercule famam acceperat, eum
+benigne excepit, et facultatem quam ille petebat libenter dedit.
+Postulavit tamen ut Hercules ipse, cum imperata Eurysthei fecisset,
+Cerberum in Orcum rursus reduceret. Hercules hoc pollicitus est, et
+Cerberum, quem non sine magno periculo manibus prehenderat, summo cum
+labore ex Orco in lucem et ad urbem Eurysthei traxit. Eo cum venisset,
+tantus timor animum Eurysthei occupavit ut ex atrio statim refugerit; cum
+autem paulum se ex timore recepisset, multis cum lacrimis obsecravit
+Herculem ut monstrum sine mora in Orcum reduceret. Sic contra omnium
+opinionem duodecim illi labores quos Pythia praeceperat intra duodecim
+annos confecti sunt; quae cum ita essent, Hercules servitute tandem
+liberatus magno cum gaudio Thebas rediit.
+
+54. _THE CENTAUR NESSUS_
+
+Postea Hercules multa alia praeclara perfecit, quae nunc perscribere
+longum est. Tandem iam aetate provectus Deianiram, Oenei filiam, in
+matrimonium duxit; post tamen tris annos accidit ut puerum quendam, cui
+nomen erat Eunomus, casu occiderit. Cum autem mos esset ut si quis
+hominem casu occidisset, in exsilium iret, Hercules cum uxore sua e
+finibus eius civitatis exire maturavit. Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad flumen
+quoddam pervenerunt in quo nullus pons erat; et dum quaerunt quonam modo
+flumen transeant, accurrit centaurus Nessus, qui viatoribus auxilium
+obtulit. Hercules igitur uxorem suam in tergum Nessi imposuit; tum ipse
+flumen tranavit. Nessus autem paulum in aquam progressus ad ripam subito
+revertebatur et Deianiram auferre conabatur. Quod cum animadvertisset
+Hercules, ira graviter commotus arcum intendit et pectus Nessi sagitta
+transfixit.
+
+55. _THE POISONED ROBE_
+
+Nessus igitur sagitta Herculis transfixus moriens humi iacebat; at ne
+occasionem sui ulciscendi dimitteret, ita locutus est: "Tu, Deianira,
+verba morientis audi. Si amorem mariti tui conservare vis, hunc sanguinem
+qui nunc e pectore meo effunditur sume ac repone; tum, si umquam in
+suspicionem tibi venerit, vestem mariti hoc sanguine inficies." Haec
+locutus Nessus animam efflavit; Deianira autem nihil mali suspicata
+imperata fecit. Paulo post Hercules bellum contra Eurytum, regem
+Oechaliae, suscepit; et cum regem ipsum cum filiis interfecisset, Iolen
+eius filiam captivam secum reduxit. Antequam tamen domum venit, navem ad
+Cenaeum promunturium appulit, et in terram egressus aram constituit, ut
+Iovi sacrificaret. Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum domum
+misit, qui vestem albam referret; mos enim erat apud antiquos, dum
+sacrificia facerent, albam vestem gerere. At Deianira verita ne Hercules
+amorem erga Iolen haberet, vestem priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Nessi
+infecit.
+
+[Illustration: HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA]
+
+56. _THE DEATH OF HERCULES_
+
+Hercules nihil mali suspicans vestem quam Lichas attulerat statim induit;
+paulo post tamen dolorem per omnia membra sensit, et quae causa esset
+eius rei magnopere mirabatur. Dolore paene exanimatus vestem detrahere
+conatus est; illa tamen in corpore haesit, neque ullo modo abscindi
+potuit. Tum demum Hercules quasi furore impulsus in montem Octam se
+contulit, et in rogum, quem summa celeritate exstruxit, se imposuit. Hoc
+cum fecisset, eos qui circumstabant oravit ut rogum quam celerrime
+succenderent. Omnes diu recusabant; tandem tamen pastor quidam ad
+misericordiam inductus ignem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia fumo obscurantur,
+Hercules densa nube velatus a Iove in Olympum abreptus est.
+
+
+
+
+THE ARGONAUTS
+
+
+_The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about in this way.
+Pelias had expelled his brother Aeson from his kingdom in Thessaly, and
+had determined to take the life of Jason, the son of Aeson. Jason,
+however, escaped and grew up to manhood in another country. At last he
+returned to Thessaly; and Pelias, fearing that he might attempt to
+recover the kingdom, sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis,
+supposing this to be an impossible feat. Jason with a band of heroes set
+sail in the ship Argo (called after Argus, its builder), and after many
+adventures reached Colchis. Here Aeetes, king of Colchis, who was
+unwilling to give up the Fleece, set Jason to perform what seemed an
+impossible task, namely to plough a field with certain fire-breathing
+oxen, and then to sow it with dragon's teeth. Medea, however, the
+daughter of the king, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first to
+perform the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece. She then fled
+with Jason, and to delay the pursuit of her father, sacrificed her
+brother Absyrtus. After reaching Thessaly, Medea caused the death of
+Pelias and was expelled from the country with her husband. They removed
+to Corinth, and here Medea becoming jealous of Glauce, daughter of Creon,
+caused her death by means of a poisoned robe. She was afterward carried
+off in a chariot sent by the sun-god, and a little later Jason was
+accidentally killed_.
+
+
+57. _THE WICKED UNCLE_
+
+Erant olim in Thessalia duo fratres, quorum alter Aeson, Pelias alter
+appellabatur. Aeson primo regnum obtinuerat; at post paucos annos Pelias
+regni cupiditate adductus non modo fratrem suum expulit, sed etiam in
+animo habebat Iasonem, Aesonis filium, interficere. Quidam tamen ex
+amicis Aesonis, ubi sententiam Peliae cognoverunt, puerum e tanto
+periculo eripere constituerunt. Noctu igitur Iasonem ex urbe abstulerunt,
+et cum postero die ad regem rediissent, ei renuntiaverunt puerum mortuum
+esse. Pelias cum hoc audivisset, etsi re vera magnum gaudium percipiebat,
+speciem tamen doloris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaesivit. Illi
+autem cum bene intellegerent dolorem eius falsum esse, nescio quam
+fabulam de morte pueri finxerunt.
+
+58. _A FATEFUL ACCIDENT_
+
+Post breve tempus Pelias, veritus ne regnum suum tanta vi et fraude
+occupatum amitteret, amicum quendam Delphos misit, qui oraculum
+consuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrime Delphos se contulit et quam ob
+causam venisset demonstravit. Respondit oraculum nullum esse in
+praesentia periculum; monuit tamen Peliam ut si quis unum calceum gerens
+veniret, eum caveret. Post paucis annis accidit ut Pelias magnum
+sacrificium facturus esset; nuntios in omnis partis dimiserat et certam
+diem conveniendi dixerat. Die constituta magnus hominum numerus undique
+ex agris convenit; in his autem venit etiam Iason, qui a pueritia apud
+centaurum quendam habitaverat. Dum tamen iter facit, unum e calceis in
+transeundo nescio quo flumine amisit.
+
+59. _THE GOLDEN FLEECE_
+
+Iason igitur cum calceum amissum nullo modo recipere posset, uno pede
+nudo in regiam pervenit. Quem cum Pelias vidisset, subito timore adfectus
+est; intellexit enim hunc esse hominem quem oraculum demonstravisset. Hoc
+igitur consilium iniit. Rex erat quidam Aeetes, qui regnum Colchidis illo
+tempore obtinebat. Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod Phrixus
+olim ibi reliquerat. Constituit igitur Pelias Iasoni negotium dare ut hoc
+vellere potiretur; cum enim res esset magni periculi, eum in itinere
+periturum esse sperabat. Iasonem igitur ad se arcessivit, et eum
+cohortatus quid fieri vellet docuit. Ille etsi intellegebat rem esse
+difficillimam, negotium libenter suscepit.
+
+60. _THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO_
+
+Cum tamen Colchis multorum dierum iter ab eo loco abesset, solus Iason
+proficisci noluit. Dimisit igitur nuntios in omnis partis, qui causam
+itineris docerent et diem certam conveniendi dicerent. Interea, postquam
+omnia quae sunt usui ad armandas navis comportari iussit, negotium dedit
+Argo cuidam, qui summam scientiam nauticarum rerum habebat, ut navem
+aedificaret. In his rebus circiter decem dies consumpti sunt; Argus enim,
+qui operi praeerat, tantam diligentiam adhibebat ut ne nocturnum quidem
+tempus ad laborem intermitteret. Ad multitudinem hominum transportandam
+navis paulo erat latior quam quibus in nostro mari uti consuevimus, et ad
+vim tempestatum perferendam tota e robore facta est.
+
+61. _THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED_
+
+Interea is dies appetebat quem Iason per nuntios edixerat, et ex omnibus
+regionibus Graeciae multi, quos aut rei novitas aut spes gloriae movebat,
+undique conveniebant. Traditum est autem in hoc numero fuisse Herculem,
+de quo supra multa perscripsimus, Orpheum, citharoedum praeclarissimum,
+Theseum, Castorem, multosque alios quorum nomina sunt notissima. Ex his
+Iason quos arbitratus est ad omnia pericula subeunda paratissimos esse,
+eos ad numerum quinquaginta delegit et socios sibi adiunxit; tum paucos
+dies commoratus, ut ad omnis casus subsidia compararet, navem deduxit, et
+tempestatem ad navigandum idoneam nactus magno cum plausu omnium solvit.
+
+62. _A FATAL MISTAKE_
+
+Haud multo post Argonautae (ita enim appellabantur qui in ista navi
+vehebantur) insulam quandam, nomine Cyzicum, attigerunt; et e navi
+egressi a rege illius regionis hospitio excepti sunt. Paucas horas ibi
+commorati ad solis occasum rursus solverunt; sed postquam pauca milia
+passuum progressi sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est ut cursum
+tenere non possent, et in eandem partem insulae unde nuper profecti erant
+magno cum periculo deicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset obscura,
+Argonautas non agnoscebant, et navem inimicam venisse arbitrati arma
+rapuerunt et eos egredi prohibebant. Acriter in litore pugnatum est, et
+rex ipse, qui cum aliis decucurrerat, ab Argonautis occisus est. Mox
+tamen, cum iam dilucesceret, senserunt incolae se errare et arma
+abiecerunt; Argonautae autem cum regem occisum esse viderent, magnum
+dolorem perceperunt.
+
+63. _THE LOSS OF HYLAS_
+
+Postridie eius diei Iason tempestatem satis idoneam esse arbitratus
+(summa enim tranquillitas iam consecuta erat), ancoras sustulit, et pauca
+milia passuum progressus ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucas horas in
+ancoris exspectavit; a nautis enim cognoverat aquae copiam quam secum
+haberent iam deficere, quam ob causam quidam ex Argonautis in terram
+egressi aquam quaerebant. Horum in numero erat Hylas quidam, puer forma
+praestantissima. Qui dum fontem quaerit, a comitibus paulum secesserat.
+Nymphae autem quae fontem colebant, cum iuvenem vidissent, ei persuadere
+conatae sunt ut secum maneret; et cum ille negaret se hoc facturum esse,
+puerum vi abstulerunt.
+
+Comites eius postquam Hylam amissum esse senserunt, magno dolore adfecti
+diu frustra quaerebant. Hercules autem et Polyphemus, qui vestigia pueri
+longius secuti erant, ubi tandem ad litus redierunt, Iasonem solvisse
+cognoverunt.
+
+64. _DIFFICULT DINING_
+
+Post haec Argonautae ad Thraciam cursum tenuerunt, et postquam ad oppidum
+Salmydessum navem appulerunt, in terram egressi sunt. Ibi cum ab incolis
+quaesissent quis regnum eius regionis obtineret, certiores facti sunt
+Phineum quendam tum regem esse. Cognoverunt etiam hunc caecum esse et
+diro quodam supplicio adfici, quod olim se crudelissimum in filios suos
+praebuisset. Cuius supplici hoc erat genus. Missa erant a Iove monstra
+quaedam specie horribili, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrum
+habebant. Hae volucres, quae Harpyiae appellabantur, Phineo summam
+molestiam adferebant; quotiens enim ille accubuerat, veniebant et cibum
+appositum statim auferebant. Quo factum est ut haud multum abesset quin
+Phineus fame moreretur.
+
+65. _THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS_
+
+Res igitur male se habebat cum Argonautae navem appulerunt. Phineus autem
+simul atque audivit eos in suos finis egressos esse, magnopere gavisus
+est. Sciebat enim quantam opinionem virtutis Argonautae haberent, nec
+dubitabat quin sibi auxilium ferrent. Nuntium igitur ad navem misit, qui
+Iasonem sociosque ad regiam vocaret. Eo cum venissent, Phineus
+demonstravit quanto in periculo suae res essent, et promisit se magna
+praemia daturum esse, si illi remedium repperissent. Argonautae negotium
+libenter susceperunt, et ubi hora venit, cum rege accubuerunt; at simul
+ac cena apposita est, Harpyiae cenaculum intraverunt et cibum auferre
+conabantur. Argonautae primum gladiis volucres petierunt; cum tamen
+viderent hoc nihil prodesse, Zetes et Calais, qui alis erant instructi,
+in aera se sublevaverunt, ut desuper impetum facerent. Quod cum
+sensissent Harpyiae, rei novitate perterritae statim aufugerunt, neque
+postea umquam redierunt.
+
+66. _THE SYMPLEGADES_
+
+Hoc facto Phineus, ut pro tanto beneficio meritam gratiam referret,
+Iasoni demonstravit qua ratione Symplegades vitare posset. Symplegades
+autem duae erant rupes ingenti magnitudine, quae a Iove positae erant eo
+consilio, ne quis ad Colchida perveniret. Hae parvo intervallo in mari
+natabant, et si quid in medium spatium venerat, incredibili celeritate
+concurrebant. Postquam igitur a Phineo doctus est quid faciendum esset,
+Iason sublatis ancoris navem solvit, et leni vento provectus mox ad
+Symplegades appropinquavit. Tum in prora stans columbam quam in manu
+tenebat emisit. Illa recta via per medium spatium volavit, et priusquam
+rupes conflixerunt, incolumis evasit cauda tantum amissa. Tum rupes
+utrimque discesserunt; antequam tamen rursus concurrerent, Argonautae,
+bene intellegentes omnem spem salutis in celeritate positam esse, summa
+vi remis contenderunt et navem incolumem perduxerunt. Hoc facto dis
+gratias maximas egerunt, quorum auxilio e tanto periculo erepti essent;
+omnes enim sciebant non sine auxilio deorum rem tam feliciter evenisse.
+
+67. _A HEAVY TASK_
+
+Brevi intermisso spatio Argonautae ad flumen Phasim venerunt, quod in
+finibus Colchorum erat. Ibi cum navem appulissent et in terram egressi
+essent, statim ad regem Aeetem se contulerunt et ab eo postulaverunt ut
+vellus aureum sibi traderetur. Ille cum audivisset quam ob causam
+Argonautae venissent, ira commotus est et diu negabat se vellus
+traditurum esse. Tandem tamen, quod sciebat Iasonem non sine auxilio
+deorum hoc negotium suscepisse, mutata sententia promisit se vellus
+traditurum, si Iason labores duos difficillimos prius perfecisset; et cum
+Iason dixisset se ad omnia pericula subeunda paratum esse, quid fieri
+vellet ostendit. Primum iungendi erant duo tauri specie horribili, qui
+flammas ex ore edebant; tum his iunctis ager quidam arandus erat et
+dentes draconis serendi. His auditis Iason etsi rem esse summi periculi
+intellegebat, tamen, ne hanc occasionem rei bene gerendae amitteret,
+negotium suscepit.
+
+68. _THE MAGIC OINTMENT_
+
+Medea, regis filia, Iasonem adamavit, et ubi audivit eum tantum periculum
+subiturum esse, rem aegre ferebat. Intellegebat enim patrem suum hunc
+laborem proposuisse eo ipso consilio, ut Iason moreretur. Quae cum ita
+essent, Medea, quae summam scientiam medicinae habebat, hoc consilium
+iniit. Media nocte insciente patre ex urbe evasit, et postquam in montis
+finitimos venit, herbas quasdam carpsit; tum suco expresso unguentum
+paravit quod vi sua corpus aleret nervosque confirmaret. Hoc facto Iasoni
+unguentum dedit; praecepit autem ut eo die quo isti labores conficiendi
+essent corpus suum et arma mane oblineret. Iason etsi paene omnibus
+hominibus magnitudine et viribus corporis antecellebat (vita enim omnis
+in venationibus atque in studio rei militaris consumebatur), tamen hoc
+consilium non neglegendum esse censebat.
+
+69. _THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH_
+
+Ubi is dies venit quem rex ad arandum agrum edixerat, Iason orta luce cum
+sociis ad locum constitutum se contulit. Ibi stabulum ingens repperit, in
+quo tauri erant inclusi; tum portis apertis tauros in lucem traxit, et
+summa cum difficultate iugum imposuit. At Aeetes cum videret tauros nihil
+contra Iasonem valere, magnopere miratus est; nesciebat enim filiam suam
+auxilium ei dedisse. Tum Iason omnibus aspicientibus agrum arare coepit,
+qua in re tantam diligentiam praebuit ut ante meridiem totum opus
+confecerit. Hoc facto ad locum ubi rex sedebat adiit et dentis draconis
+postulavit; quos ubi accepit, in agrum quem araverat magna cum diligentia
+sparsit. Horum autem dentium natura erat talis ut in eo loco ubi sementes
+factae essent viri armati miro quodam modo gignerentur.
+
+70. _A STRANGE CROP_
+
+Nondum tamen Iason totum opus confecerat; imperaverat enim ei Aeetes ut
+armatos viros qui e dentibus gignerentur solus interficeret. Postquam
+igitur omnis dentis in agrum sparsit, Iason lassitudine exanimatus quieti
+se tradidit, dum viri isti gignerentur. Paucas horas dormiebat, sub
+vesperum tamen e somno subito excitatus rem ita evenisse ut praedictum
+esset cognovit; nam in omnibus agri partibus viri ingenti magnitudine
+corporis gladiis galeisque armati mirum in modum e terra oriebantur. Hoc
+cognito Iason consilium quod dedisset Medea non omittendum esse putabat.
+Saxum igitur ingens (ita enim Medea praeceperat) in medios viros
+coniecit. Illi undique ad locum concurrerunt, et cum quisque sibi id
+saxum nescio cur habere vellet, magna controversia orta est. Mox strictis
+gladiis inter se pugnare coeperunt, et cum hoc modo plurimi occisi
+essent, reliqui vulneribus confecti a Iasone nullo negotio interfecti
+sunt.
+
+71. _THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA_
+
+Rex Aeetes ubi Iasonem laborem propositum confecisse cognovit, ira
+graviter commotus est; id enim per dolum factum esse intellegebat; nec
+dubitabat quin Medea ei auxilium tulisset. Medea autem cum intellegeret
+se in magno fore periculo si in regia maneret, fuga salutem petere
+constituit. Omnibus rebus igitur ad fugam paratis media nocte insciente
+patre cum fratre Absyrto evasit, et quam celerrime ad locum ubi Argo
+subducta erat se contulit. Eo cum venisset, ad pedes Iasonis se proiecit,
+et multis cum lacrimis eum obsecravit ne in tanto discrimine mulierem
+desereret quae ei tantum profuisset. Ille quod memoria tenebat se per
+eius auxilium e magno periculo evasisse, libenter eam excepit, et
+postquam causam veniendi audivit, hortatus est ne patris iram timeret.
+Promisit autem se quam primum eam in navi sua avecturum.
+
+72. _THE SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE_
+
+Postridie eius diei Iason cum sociis suis orta luce navem deduxit, et
+tempestatem idoneam nacti ad eum locum remis contenderunt, quo in loco
+Medea vellus celatum esse demonstrabat. Cum eo venissent, Iason in terram
+egressus est, et sociis ad mare relictis, qui praesidio navi essent, ipse
+cum Medea in silvas se contulit. Pauca milia passuum per silvam
+progressus vellus quod quaerebat ex arbore suspensum vidit. Id tamen
+auferre erat summae difficultatis; non modo enim locus ipse egregie et
+natura et arte erat munitus, sed etiam draco quidam specie terribili
+arborem custodiebat. Tum Medea, quae, ut supra demonstravimus, medicinae
+summam scientiam habuit, ramum quem de arbore proxima deripuerat veneno
+infecit. Hoc facto ad locum appropinquavit, et draconem, qui faucibus
+apertis eius adventum exspectabat, veneno sparsit; deinde, dum draco
+somno oppressus dormit, Iason vellus aureum de arbore deripuit et cum
+Medea quam celerrime pedem rettulit.
+
+73. _THE RETURN TO THE ARGO_
+
+Dum autem ea geruntur, Argonautae, qui ad mare relicti erant, anxio animo
+reditum Iasonis exspectabant; id enim negotium summi esse periculi
+intellegebant. Postquam igitur ad occasum solis frustra exspectaverunt,
+de eius salute desperare coeperunt, nec dubitabant quin aliqui casus
+accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, maturandum sibi censuerunt, ut duci
+auxilium ferrent; sed dum proficisci parant, lumen quoddam subito
+conspiciunt mirum in modum intra silvas refulgens, et magnopere mirati
+quae causa esset eius rei ad locum concurrunt. Quo cum venissent, Iasoni
+et Medeae advenientibus occurrerunt, et vellus aureum luminis eius causam
+esse cognoverunt. Omni timore sublato magno cum gaudio ducem suum
+exceperunt, et dis gratias maximas egerunt quod res tam feliciter
+evenisset.
+
+74. _THE PURSUIT_
+
+His rebus gestis omnes sine mora navem rursus conscenderunt, et sublatis
+ancoris prima vigilia solverunt; neque enim satis tutum esse arbitrati
+sunt in eo loco manere. At rex Aeetes, qui iam ante inimico in eos fuerat
+animo, ubi cognovit filiam suam non modo ad Argonautas se recepisse sed
+etiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hoc dolore gravius exarsit.
+Navem longam quam celerrime deduci iussit, et militibus impositis
+fugientis insecutus est. Argonautae, qui rem in discrimine esse bene
+sciebant, omnibus viribus remis contendebant; cum tamen navis qua
+vehebantur ingenti esset magnitudine, non eadem celeritate qua Colchi
+progredi poterant. Quo factum est ut minimum abesset quin a Colchis
+sequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius intererat quam quo telum adici
+posset. At Medea cum vidisset quo in loco res essent, paene omni spe
+deposita infandum hoc consilium cepit.
+
+75. _A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT_
+
+Erat in navi Argonautarum filius quidam regis Aeetae, nomine Absyrtus,
+quem, ut supra demonstravimus, Medea ex urbe fugiens secum abduxerat.
+Hunc puerum Medea interficere constituit eo consilio, ut membris eius in
+mare coniectis cursum Colchorum impediret; certo enim sciebat Aeetem, cum
+membra fili vidisset, non longius prosecuturum esse. Neque opinio Medeam
+fefellit, omnia enim ita evenerunt ut speraverat. Aeetes ubi primum
+membra vidit, ad ea conligenda navem teneri iussit. Dum tamen ea
+geruntur, Argonautae non intermisso remigandi labore mox e conspectu
+hostium auferebantur, neque prius fugere destiterunt quam ad flumen
+Eridanum pervenerunt. Aeetes nihil sibi profuturum esse arbitratus si
+longius progressus esset, animo demisso domum revertit, ut fili corpus ad
+sepulturam daret.
+
+76. _THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS_
+
+Tandem post multa pericula Iason in eundem locum pervenit unde profectus
+erat. Tum e navi egressus ad regem Peliam, qui regnum adhuc obtinebat,
+statim se contulit, et vellere aureo monstrato ab eo postulavit ut regnum
+sibi traderetur; Pelias enim pollicitus erat, si Iason vellus
+rettulisset, se regnum ei traditurum. Postquam Iason quid fieri vellet
+ostendit, Pelias primo nihil respondit, sed diu in eadem tristitia
+tacitus permansit; tandem ita locutus est: "Vides me aetate iam esse
+confectum, neque dubium est quin dies supremus mihi appropinquet. Liceat
+igitur mihi, dum vivam, hoc regnum obtinere; cum autem tandem decessero,
+tu mihi succedes." Hac oratione adductus Iason respondit se id facturum
+quod ille rogasset.
+
+77. _MAGIC ARTS_
+
+His rebus cognitis Medea rem aegre tulit, et regni cupiditate adducta
+mortem regi per dolum inferre constituit. Hoc constituto ad filias regis
+venit atque ita locuta est: "Videtis patrem vestrum aetate iam esse
+confectum neque ad laborem regnandi perferendum satis valere. Vultisne
+eum rursus iuvenem fieri?" Tum filiae regis ita responderunt: "Num hoc
+fieri potest? Quis enim umquam e sene iuvenis factus est?" At Medea
+respondit: "Me medicinae summam habere scientiam scitis. Nunc igitur
+vobis demonstrabo quo modo haec res fieri possit." Postquam finem
+loquendi fecit, arietem aetate iam confectum interfecit et membra eius in
+vase aeneo posuit, atque igni supposito in aquam herbas quasdam infudit.
+Tum, dum aqua effervesceret, carmen magicum cantabat. Mox aries e vase
+exsiluit et viribus refectis per agros currebat.
+
+78. _A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT_
+
+Dum filiae regis hoc miraculum stupentes intuentur, Medea ita locuta est:
+"Videtis quantum valeat medicina. Vos igitur, si vultis patrem vestrum in
+adulescentiam reducere, id quod feci ipsae facietis. Vos patris membra in
+vas conicite; ego herbas magicas praebebo." Quod ubi auditum est, filiae
+regis consilium quod dedisset Medea non omittendum putaverunt. Patrem
+igitur Peliam necaverunt et membra eius in vas aeneum coniecerunt; nihil
+autem dubitabant quin hoc maxime ei profuturum esset. At res omnino
+aliter evenit ac speraverant, Medea enim non easdem herbas dedit quibus
+ipsa usa erat. Itaque postquam diu frustra exspectaverunt, patrem suum re
+vera mortuum esse intellexerunt. His rebus gestis Medea se cum coniuge
+suo regnum accepturam esse sperabat; sed cives cum intellegerent quo modo
+Pelias periisset, tantum scelus aegre tulerunt. Itaque Iasone et Medea e
+regno expulsis Acastum regem creaverunt.
+
+79. _A FATAL GIFT_
+
+Iason et Medea e Thessalia expulsi ad urbem Corinthum venerunt, cuius
+urbis Creon quidam regnum tum obtinebat. Erat autem Creonti filia una,
+nomine Glauce. Quam cum vidisset, Iason constituit Medeae uxori suae
+nuntium mittere eo consilio, ut Glaucen in matrimonium duceret. At Medea
+ubi intellexit quae ille in animo haberet, ira graviter commota iure
+iurando confirmavit se tantam iniuriam ulturam. Hoc igitur consilium
+cepit. Vestem paravit summa arte textam et variis coloribus infectam;
+hanc mortifero quodam veneno tinxit, cuius vis talis erat ut si quis eam
+vestem induisset, corpus eius quasi igni ureretur. Hoc facto vestem ad
+Glaucen misit; illa autem nihil mali suspicans donum libenter accepit, et
+vestem novam more feminarum statim induit.
+
+80. _MEDEA KILLS HER SONS_
+
+Vix vestem induerat Glauce cum dolorem gravem per omnia membra sensit, et
+paulo post crudeli cruciatu adfecta e vita excessit. His rebus gestis
+Medea furore atque amentia impulsa filios suos necavit; tum magnum sibi
+fore periculum arbitrata si in Thessalia maneret, ex ea regione fugere
+constituit. Hoc constituto solem oravit ut in tanto periculo auxilium
+sibi praeberet. Sol autem his precibus commotus currum misit cui erant
+iuncti dracones alis instructi. Medea non omittendam tantam occasionem
+arbitrata currum ascendit, itaque per aera vecta incolumis ad urbem
+Athenas pervenit. Iason ipse brevi tempore miro modo occisus est. Accidit
+sive casu sive consilio deorum ut sub umbra navis suae, quae in litus
+subducta erat, dormiret. Mox navis, quae adhuc erecta steterat, in eam
+partem ubi Iason iacebat subito delapsa virum infelicem oppressit.
+
+[Illustration: MEDEA MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS]
+
+
+
+
+ULYSSES
+
+
+_Ulysses, a famous Greek hero, took a prominent part in the long siege of
+Troy. After the fall of the city, he set out with his followers on his
+homeward voyage to Ithaca, an island of which he was king; but being
+driven out of his course by northerly winds, he was compelled to touch at
+the country of the Lotus-eaters, who are supposed to have lived on the
+north coast of Africa. Some of his comrades were so delighted with the
+lotus fruit that they wished to remain in the country, but Ulysses
+compelled them to embark again and continued his voyage. He next came to
+the island of Sicily, and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphemus,
+one of the Cyclopes. After several of his comrades had been killed by
+this monster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem and reached the
+country of the winds. Here he received the help of Aeolus, king of the
+winds, and having set sail again, arrived within sight of Ithaca; but
+owing to the folly of his companions, the winds became suddenly adverse
+and he was again driven back. He then touched at an island which was the
+home of Circe, a powerful enchantress, who exercised her charms on his
+companions and turned them into swine. By the help of the god Mercury,
+Ulysses not only escaped this fate himself, but also forced Circe to
+restore her victims to human shape. After staying a year with Circe, he
+again set out and eventually reached his home_.
+
+
+81. _HOMEWARD BOUND_
+
+Urbem Troiam a Graecis decem annos obsessam esse satis constat; de hoc
+enim bello Homerus, maximus poetarum Graecorum, Iliadem opus notissimum
+scripsit. Troia tandem per insidias capta, Graeci longo bello fessi domum
+redire maturaverunt. Omnibus rebus igitur ad profectionem paratis navis
+deduxerunt, et tempestatem idoneam nacti magno cum gaudio solverunt. Erat
+inter primos Graecorum Ulixes quidam, vir summae virtutis ac prudentiae,
+quem dicunt nonnulli dolum istum excogitasse quo Troiam captam esse
+constat. Hic regnum insulae Ithacae obtinuerat, et paulo antequam cum
+reliquis Graecis ad bellum profectus est, puellam formosissimam, nomine
+Penelopen, in matrimonium duxerat. Nunc igitur cum iam decem annos quasi
+in exsilio consumpsisset, magna cupiditate patriae et uxoris videndae
+ardebat.
+
+82. _THE LOTUS-EATERS_
+
+Postquam tamen pauca milia passuum a litore Troiae progressi sunt, tanta
+tempestas subito coorta est ut nulla navium cursum tenere posset, sed
+aliae alias in partis disicerentur. Navis autem qua ipse Ulixes vehebatur
+vi tempestatis ad meridiem delata decimo die ad litus Libyae appulsa est.
+Ancoris iactis Ulixes constituit nonnullos e sociis in terram exponere,
+qui aquam ad navem referrent et qualis esset natura eius regionis
+cognoscerent. Hi igitur e navi egressi imperata facere parabant. Dum
+tamen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex incolis obviam facti ab iis hospitio
+accepti sunt. Accidit autem ut maior pars victus eorum hominum in miro
+quodam fructu quem lotum appellabant consisteret. Quam cum Graeci
+gustassent, patriae et sociorum statim obliti confirmaverunt se semper in
+ea terra mansuros, ut dulci illo cibo in perpetuum vescerentur.
+
+83. _THE RESCUE_
+
+Ulixes cum ab hora septima ad vesperum exspectasset, veritus ne socii sui
+in periculo versarentur, nonnullos e reliquis misit, ut quae causa esset
+morae cognoscerent. Hi igitur in terram expositi ad vicum qui non longe
+aberat se contulerunt; quo cum venissent, socios suos quasi vino ebrios
+reppererunt. Tum ubi causam veniendi docuerunt, iis persuadere conabantur
+ut secum ad navem redirent. Illi tamen resistere ac manu se defendere
+coeperunt, saepe clamitantes se numquam ex eo loco abituros. Quae cum ita
+essent, nuntii re infecta ad Ulixem redierunt. His rebus cognitis ipse
+cum omnibus qui in navi relicti erant ad locum venit; et socios suos
+frustra hortatus ut sua sponte redirent, manibus eorum post terga vinctis
+invitos ad navem reportavit. Tum ancoris sublatis quam celerrime e portu
+solvit.
+
+84. _THE ONE-EYED GIANT_
+
+Postquam ea tota nocte remis contenderunt, postridie ad terram ignotam
+navem appulerunt. Tum, quod naturam eius regionis ignorabat, ipse Ulixes
+cum duodecim e sociis in terram egressus loca explorare constituit.
+Paulum a litore progressi ad speluncam ingentem pervenerunt, quam
+habitari senserunt; eius enim introitum et natura loci et manu munitum
+esse animadverterunt. Mox, etsi intellegebant se non sine periculo id
+facturos, speluncam intraverunt; quod cum fecissent, magnam copiam lactis
+in vasis ingentibus conditam invenerunt. Dum tamen mirantur quis in ea
+sede habitaret, sonitum terribilem audiverunt, et oculis ad portam tortis
+monstrum horribile viderunt, humana quidem specie et figura, sed ingenti
+magnitudine corporis. Cum autem animadvertissent monstrum unum oculum
+tantum habere in media fronte positum, intellexerunt hunc esse unum e
+Cyclopibus, de quibus famam iam acceperant.
+
+85. _THE GIANT'S SUPPER_
+
+Cyclopes autem pastores erant quidam qui insulam Siciliam et praecipue
+montem Aetnam incolebant; ibi enim Volcanus, praeses fabrorum et ignis
+repertor, cuius servi Cyclopes erant, officinam suam habebat.
+
+Graeci igitur simul ac monstrum viderunt, terrore paene exanimati in
+interiorem partem speluncae refugerunt et se ibi abdere conabantur.
+Polyphemus autem (sic enim Cyclops appellabatur) pecus suum in speluncam
+compulit; deinde, cum saxo ingenti portam obstruxisset, ignem in media
+spelunca fecit. Hoc facto, oculo omnia perlustrabat, et cum sensisset
+homines in interiore parte speluncae esse abditos, magna voce exclamavit:
+"Qui homines estis? Mercatores an latrones?" Tum Ulixes respondit se
+neque mercatores esse neque praedandi causa venisse; sed a Troia
+redeuntis vi tempestatum a recto cursu depulsos esse. Oravit etiam ut
+sibi sine iniuria abire liceret. Tum Polyphemus quaesivit ubi esset navis
+qua vecti essent; sed Ulixes cum sibi maxime praecavendum esse bene
+intellegeret, respondit navem suam in rupis coniectam omnino fractam
+esse. Polyphemus autem nullo responso dato duo e sociis manu corripuit,
+et membris eorum divulsis carnem devorare coepit.
+
+86. _A DESPERATE SITUATION_
+
+Dum haec geruntur, Graecorum animos tantus terror occupavit ut ne vocem
+quidem edere possent, sed omni spe salutis deposita mortem praesentem
+exspectarent. Polyphemus, postquam fames hac tam horribili cena depulsa
+est, humi prostratus somno se dedit. Quod cum vidisset Ulixes, tantam
+occasionem rei gerendae non omittendam arbitratus, in eo erat ut pectus
+monstri gladio transfigeret. Cum tamen nihil temere agendum existimaret,
+constituit explorare, antequam hoc faceret, qua ratione ex spelunca
+evadere possent. At cum saxum animadvertisset quo introitus obstructus
+erat, nihil sibi profuturum intellexit si Polyphemum interfecisset. Tanta
+enim erat eius saxi magnitudo ut ne a decem quidem hominibus amoveri
+posset. Quae cum ita essent, Ulixes hoc conatu destitit et ad socios
+rediit; qui cum intellexissent quo in loco res essent, nulla spe salutis
+oblata de fortunis suis desperare coeperunt. Ille tamen ne animos
+demitterent vehementer hortatus est; demonstravit se iam antea e multis
+et magnis periculis evasisse, neque dubium esse quin in tanto discrimine
+di auxilium laturi essent.
+
+87. _A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE_
+
+Orta luce Polyphemus iam e somno excitatus idem quod hesterno die fecit;
+correptis enim duobus e reliquis viris carnem eorum sine mora devoravit.
+Tum, cum saxum amovisset, ipse cum pecore suo ex spelunca progressus est;
+quod cum Graeci viderent, magnam in spem se post paulum evasuros
+venerunt. Mox tamen ab hac spe repulsi sunt; nam Polyphemus, postquam
+omnes oves exierunt, saxum in locum restituit. Reliqui omni spe salutis
+deposita lamentis lacrimisque se dediderunt; Ulixes vero, qui, ut supra
+demonstravimus, vir magni fuit consili, etsi intellegebat rem in
+discrimine esse, nondum omnino desperabat. Tandem, postquam diu haec toto
+animo cogitavit, hoc consilium cepit. E lignis quae in spelunca reposita
+erant palum magnum delegit. Hunc summa cum diligentia praeacutum fecit;
+tum, postquam sociis quid fieri vellet ostendit, reditum Polyphemi
+exspectabat.
+
+88. _A GLASS TOO MUCH_
+
+Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad speluncam rediit, et eodem modo quo antea
+cenavit. Tum Ulixes utrem vini prompsit, quem forte (id quod ei erat
+saluti) secum attulerat; et postquam magnum poculum vino complevit,
+monstrum ad bibendum provocavit. Polyphemus, qui numquam antea vinum
+gustaverat, totum poculum statim exhausit; quod cum fecisset, tantam
+voluptatem percepit ut iterum et tertium poculum repleri iusserit. Tum,
+cum quaesivisset quo nomine Ulixes appellaretur, ille respondit se
+Neminem appellari; quod cum audivisset, Polyphemus ita locutus est:
+"Hanc, tibi gratiam pro tanto beneficio referam; te postremum omnium
+devorabo." Hoc cum dixisset, cibo vinoque gravis recubuit et brevi
+tempore somno oppressus est. Tum Ulixes sociis convocatis, "Habemus,"
+inquit, "quam petiimus facultatem; ne igitur tantam occasionem rei
+gerendae omittamus."
+
+89. _THE BLINDING OF POLYPHEMUS_
+
+Hac oratione habita, postquam extremum palum igni calefecit, oculum
+Polyphemi dormientis ferventi ligno perfodit; quo facto omnes in diversas
+speluncae partis se abdiderunt. At ille subito illo dolore oculi e somno
+excitatus clamorem terribilem sustulit, et dum per speluncam errat,
+Ulixem manu prehendere conabatur; cum tamen iam omnino caecus esset,
+nullo modo hoc efficere potuit. Interea reliqui Cyclopes clamore audito
+undique ad speluncam convenerunt, et ad introitum adstantes quid
+Polyphemus ageret quaesiverunt, et quam ob causam tantum clamorem
+sustulisset. Ille respondit se graviter vulneratum esse et magno dolore
+adfici. Cum tamen postea quaesivissent quis ei vim intulisset, respondit
+ille Neminem id fecisse; quibus rebus auditis unus e Cyclopibus: "At si
+nemo," inquit, "te vulneravit, haud dubium est quin consilio deorum,
+quibus resistere nec possumus nec volumus, hoc supplicio adficiaris." Hoc
+cum dixisset, abierunt Cyclopes eum in insaniam incidisse arbitrati.
+
+90. _THE ESCAPE_
+
+Polyphemus ubi socios suos abiisse sensit, furore atque amentia impulsus
+Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit; tandem cum portam invenisset, saxum quo
+obstructa erat amovit, ut pecus in agros exiret. Tum ipse in introitu
+consedit, et ut quaeque ovis ad hunc locum venerat, eius tergum manibus
+tractabat, ne viri inter ovis exire possent. Quod cum animadvertisset
+Ulixes, intellexit omnem spem salutis in dolo magis quam in virtute poni.
+Itaque hoc consilium iniit. Primum tris quas vidit pinguissimas ex ovibus
+delegit, quas cum inter se viminibus coniunxisset, unum ex sociis suis
+ventribus earum ita subiecit ut omnino lateret; deinde ovis hominem secum
+ferentis ad portam egit. Id accidit quod fore suspicatus erat. Polyphemus
+enim postquam terga ovium manibus tractavit, eas praeterire passus est.
+Ulixes ubi rem tam feliciter evenisse vidit, omnis socios suos ex ordine
+eodem modo emisit; quo facto ipse novissimus evasit.
+
+91. _OUT OF DANGER_
+
+Iis rebus ita confectis, Ulixes veritus ne Polyphemus fraudem sentiret,
+cum sociis quam celerrime ad litus contendit; quo cum venissent, ab iis
+qui navi praesidio relicti erant magna cum laetitia excepti sunt. Hi enim
+cum anxiis animis iam tris dies continuos reditum eorum exspectavissent,
+eos in aliquod periculum magnum incidisse (id quidem quod erat)
+suspicati, ipsi auxiliandi causa egredi parabant. Tum Ulixes non satis
+tutum arbitratus in eo loco manere, quam celerrime profisisci constituit.
+Iussit igitur omnis navem conscendere, et ancoris sublatis paulum a
+litore in altum provectus est. Tum magna voce exclamavit: "Tu, Polypheme,
+qui iura hospiti spernis, iustam et debitam poenam immanitatis tuae
+solvisti." Hac voce audita Polyphemus ira vehementer commotus ad mare se
+contulit, et ubi navem paulum a litore remotam esse intellexit, saxum
+ingens manu correptum in eam partem coniecit unde vocem venire sensit.
+Graeci autem, etsi non multum afuit quin submergerentur, nullo damno
+accepto cursum tenuerunt.
+
+92. _THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS_
+
+Pauca milia passuum ab eo loco progressus Ulixes ad insulam Aeoliam navem
+appulit. Haec patria erat ventorum,
+
+                "Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro
+    luctantis ventos tempestatesque sonoras
+    imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat."
+
+Ibi rex ipse Graecos hospitio excepit, atque iis persuasit ut ad
+recuperandas viris paucos dies in ea regione commorarentur. Septimo die
+cum socii e laboribus se recepissent, Ulixes, ne anni tempore a
+navigatione excluderetur, sibi sine mora proficiscendum statuit. Tum
+Aeolus, qui sciebat Ulixem cupidissimum esse patriae videndae, ei iam
+profecturo magnum saccum e corio confectum dedit, in quo ventos omnis
+praeter unum incluserat. Zephyrum tantum solverat, quod ille ventus ab
+insula Aeolia ad Ithacam naviganti est secundus. Ulixes hoc donum
+libenter accepit, et gratiis pro tanto beneficio actis saccum ad malum
+adligavit. Tum omnibus rebus ad profectionem paratis meridiano fere
+tempore e portu solvit.
+
+93. _THE WIND-BAG_
+
+Novem dies secundissimo vento cursum tenuerunt, iamque in conspectum
+patriae suae venerant, cum Ulixes lassitudine confectus (ipse enim
+gubernabat) ad quietem capiendam recubuit. At socii, qui iam dudum
+mirabantur quid in illo sacco inclusum esset, cum ducem somno oppressum
+viderent, tantam occasionem non omittendam arbitrati sunt; credebant enim
+aurum et argentum ibi esse celata. Itaque spe lucri adducti saccum sine
+mora solverunt, quo facto venti
+
+                        "velut agmine facto
+    qua data porta ruunt, et terras turbine perflant."
+
+Hic tanta tempestas subito coorta est ut illi cursum tenere non possent
+sed in eandem partem unde erant profecti referrentur. Ulixes e somno
+excitatus quo in loco res esset statim intellexit; saccum solutum,
+Ithacam post tergum relictam vidit. Tum vero ira vehementer exarsit
+sociosque obiurgabat quod cupiditate pecuniae adducti spem patriae
+videndae proiecissent.
+
+94. _A DRAWING OF LOTS_
+
+Brevi spatio intermisso Graeci insulae cuidam appropinquaverunt in qua
+Circe, filia Solis, habitabat. Quo cum navem appulisset, Ulixes in terram
+frumentandi causa egrediendum esse statuit; nam cognoverat frumentum quod
+in navi haberent iam deficere. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis quo in loco
+res esset et quid fieri vellet ostendit. Cum tamen omnes memoria tenerent
+quam crudeli morte necati essent ii qui nuper e navi egressi essent, nemo
+repertus est qui hoc negotium suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, res
+ad controversiam deducta est. Tandem Ulixes consensu omnium socios in
+duas partis divisit, quarum alteri Eurylochus, vir summae virtutis,
+alteri ipse praeesse. Tum hi inter se sortiti sunt uter in terram
+egrederetur. Hoc facto, Eurylocho sorte evenit ut cum duobus et viginti
+sociis rem susciperet.
+
+95. _THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS_
+
+His rebus ita constitutis ii qui sortiti erant in interiorem partem
+insulae profecti sunt. Tantus tamen timor animos eorum occupaverat ut
+nihil dubitarent quin morti obviam irent. Vix quidem poterant ii qui in
+navi relicti erant lacrimas tenere; credebant enim se socios suos numquam
+post hoc tempus visuros. Illi autem aliquantum itineris progressi ad
+villam quandam pervenerunt summa magnificentia aedificatam, cuius ad
+ostium cum adiissent, cantum dulcissimum audiverunt. Tanta autem fuit
+eius vocis dulcedo ut nullo modo retineri possent quin ianuam pulsarent.
+Hoc facto ipsa Circe foras exiit, et summa cum benignitate omnis in
+hospitium invitavit. Eurylochus insidias sibi comparari suspicatus foris
+exspectare constituit, sed reliqui rei novitate adducti intraverunt.
+Cenam magnificam omnibus rebus instructam invenerunt et iussu dominae
+libentissime accubuerunt. At Circe vinum quod servi apposuerunt
+medicamento quodam miscuerat; quod cum Graeci bibissent, gravi somno
+subito oppressi sunt.
+
+96. _THE CHARM_
+
+Tum Circe, quae artis magicae summam scientiam habebat, baculo aureo quod
+gerebat capita eorum tetigit; quo facto omnes in porcos subito conversi
+sunt. Interea Eurylochus ignarus quid in aedibus ageretur ad ostium
+sedebat; postquam tamen ad solis occasum anxio animo et sollicito
+exspectavit, solus ad navem regredi constituit. Eo cum venisset,
+sollicitudine ac timore tam perturbatus fuit ut quae vidisset vix
+dilucide narrare posset. Ulixes autem satis intellexit socios suos in
+periculo versari, et gladio correpto Eurylocho imperavit ut sine mora
+viam ad istam domum demonstraret. Ille tamen multis cum lacrimis Ulixem
+complexus obsecrare coepit ne in tantum periculum se committeret; si quid
+gravius ei accidisset, omnium salutem in summo discrimine futuram. Ulixes
+autem respondit se neminem invitum secum adducturum; ei licere, si
+mallet, in navi manere; se ipsum sine ullo praesidio rem suscepturum. Hoc
+cum magna voce dixisset, e navi desiluit et nullo sequente solus in viam
+se dedit.
+
+97. _THE COUNTERCHARM_
+
+Aliquantum itineris progressus ad villam magnificam pervenit, quam cum
+oculis perlustrasset, statim intrare statuit; intellexit enim hanc esse
+eandem domum de qua Eurylochus mentionem fecisset. At cum in eo esset ut
+limen intraret, subito ei obviam stetit adulescens forma pulcherrima
+aureum baculum gerens. Hic Ulixem iam domum intrantem manu corripuit et,
+"Quo ruis?" inquit. "Nonne scis hanc esse Circes domum? Hic inclusi sunt
+amici tui ex humana specie in porcos conversi. Num vis ipse in eandem
+calamitatem venire?" Ulixes simul ac vocem audivit, deum Mercurium
+agnovit; nullis tamen precibus ab instituto consilio deterreri potuit.
+Quod cum Mercurius sensisset, herbam quandam ei dedit, quam contra
+carmina multum valere dicebat. "Hanc cape," inquit, "et ubi Circe te
+baculo tetigerit, tu stricto gladio impetum in eam vide ut facias."
+Mercurius postquam finem loquendi fecit,
+
+    "mortalis visus medio sermone reliquit,
+     et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram."
+
+98. _THE ENCHANTRESS IS FOILED_
+
+Brevi intermisso spatio Ulixes ad omnia pericula subeunda paratus ianuam
+pulsavit, et foribus patefactis ab ipsa Circe benigne exceptus est. Omnia
+eodem modo atque antea facta sunt. Cenam magnifice instructam vidit et
+accumbere iussus est. Mox, ubi fames cibo depulsa est, Circe poculum
+aureum vino repletum Ulixi dedit. Ille etsi suspicatus est venenum sibi
+paratum esse, poculum exhausit; quo facto Circe postquam caput eius
+baculo tetigit, ea verba locuta est quibus socios eius antea in porcos
+converterat. Res tamen omnino aliter evenit atque illa speraverat. Tanta
+enim vis erat eius herbae quam Ulixi Mercurius dederat ut neque venenum
+neque verba quicquam efficere possent. Ulixes autem, ut ei praeceptum
+erat, gladio stricto impetum in eam fecit et mortem minitabatur. Circe
+cum artem suam nihil valere sensisset, multis cum lacrimis eum obsecrare
+coepit ne sibi vitam adimeret.
+
+99. _MEN ONCE MORE_
+
+Ulixes autem ubi sensit eam timore perterritam esse, postulavit ut socios
+suos sine mora in humanam speciem reduceret (certior enim factus erat a
+deo Mercurio eos in porcos conversos esse); nisi id factum esset, se
+debitas poenas sumpturum ostendit. Circe his rebus graviter commota ei ad
+pedes se proiecit, et multis cum lacrimis iure iurando confirmavit se
+quae ille imperasset omnia facturam. Tum porcos in atrium immitti iussit.
+Illi dato signo inruerunt, et cum ducem suum agnovissent, magno dolore
+adfecti sunt quod nullo modo eum de rebus suis certiorem facere poterant.
+Circe tamen unguento quodam corpora eorum unxit; quo facto sunt omnes
+statim in humanam speciem reducti. Magno cum gaudio Ulixes suos amicos
+agnovit, et nuntium ad litus misit, qui reliquis Graecis socios receptos
+esse diceret. Illi autem his rebus cognitis statim ad domum Circaeam se
+contulerunt; quo cum venissent, universi laetitiae se dediderunt.
+
+[Illustration: ULYSSES AND CIRCE]
+
+100. _AFLOAT AGAIN_
+
+Postridie eius diei Ulixes ex hac insula quam celerrime discedere in
+animo habebat. Circe tamen cum haec cognovisset, ex odio ad amorem
+conversa omnibus precibus eum orare et obtestari coepit ut paucos dies
+apud se moraretur; qua re tandem impetrata tanta beneficia in eum
+contulit ut facile ei persuasum sit ut diutius maneret. Postquam tamen
+totum annum apud Circen consumpserat, Ulixes magno desiderio patriae
+suae motus est. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis quid in animo haberet
+ostendit. Ubi tamen ad litus descendit, navem suam tempestatibus tam
+adflictam invenit ut ad navigandum paene inutilis esset. Hac re cognita
+omnia quae ad navis reficiendas usui essent comparari iussit, qua in re
+tantam diligentiam omnes adhibebant ut ante tertium diem opus
+perfecerint. At Circe ubi omnia ad profectionem parata esse vidit, rem
+aegre ferebat et Ulixem vehementer obsecrabat ut eo consilio desisteret.
+Ille tamen, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur, maturandum sibi
+existimavit, et tempestatem idoneam nactus navem solvit. Multa quidem
+pericula Ulixi subeunda erant antequam in patriam suam perveniret, quae
+tamen hoc loco longum est perscribere.
+
+
+
+
+NOTES
+
+
+PERSEUS
+
+_The numbers refer to the page of text and the line on the page
+respectively_.
+
+
+3.6. Danae. Many proper names in this book are words borrowed by Latin
+from Greek, and have forms not given in the regular Latin declensions. It
+will not be necessary to learn the declension of such words.
+
+7. enim. This word commonly stands second in its clause.
+
+8. turbabat. Notice that this verb and dormiebat below are in the
+imperfect tense to denote a state of things existing at the past time
+indicated by territa est.
+
+autem. This word has the same peculiarity of position as enim; so also
+igitur, which occurs in line 11.
+
+12. Seriphum. Notice that Latin says 'the island Seriphos,' but English
+more often 'the island of Seriphos.'
+
+13. appulsa est. Postquam is regularly followed by the perfect or present
+indicative, but the English translation usually requires the pluperfect.
+
+15. quodam. _Quidam_ means 'certain' as applied to some person or thing
+not fully described, while _certus_ means 'certain' in the sense of
+'determined.' 'sure,'
+
+ad domum. This means 'to the house'; 'to be brought home' would be _domum
+adduci_, without the preposition.
+
+16. Ille is often used, as here, when the subject is changed to a person
+mentioned in the preceding sentence. In this use it is to be translated
+'he.'
+
+18. beneficio. See the derivation of this word in the vocabulary.
+
+20. multos annos. Duration of time is regularly expressed in the
+accusative case.
+
+22. eam. Latin has no pronoun of the third person, and _is_ often takes
+the place of one; it is then to be translated 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' 'they,'
+according to its form.
+
+25. haec. The literal translation would be 'these things,' but we must
+say 'thus' or 'as follows.'
+
+4. 1. es. With iam dudum and similar expressions of duration, the present
+indicative is often used to denote an action or state begun in the past
+but continuing in the present. The English equivalent is the perfect.
+
+hic, is not the pronoun, but an adverb.
+
+2. mihi. This dative may be translated 'for me.' How would 'to me' with a
+verb of motion be put?
+
+3. refer. _Dico, duco, facio_, and _fero_ have the imperative forms _dic,
+duc, fac_, and _fer_, instead of _dice_, etc.
+
+4. Perseus. When the subordinate and the principal clause of a Latin
+sentence have the same subject, this usually stands first, followed by
+the subordinate clause.
+
+haec. Here a different rendering is required from that suggested in the
+note on 3, 25. What is it? Notice that it is necessary to know the
+literal significance of the Latin words, but that the translation must
+often be something quite different if it is to be acceptable English. The
+rule for translation is: Discover the exact meaning of the original; then
+express the same idea correctly and, if you can, elegantly in the
+language into which you are translating.
+
+5. continentem. What is the derivation of this word?
+
+venit. Is this present or perfect? How do you know?
+
+8. Graeas. The Graeae were three old women who had one eye and one
+tooth in common, and took turns in using them.
+
+9. galeam. This belonged to Pluto, the god of the underworld of the dead,
+and whosoever wore it was invisible. The story is that Perseus compelled
+the Graeae to tell him how to obtain the helps to his enterprise by
+seizing their tooth and eye.
+
+11. pedibus, 'on his feet,' dative of indirect object.
+
+induit. See the note on 3, 13.
+
+aera. _Aer_ is borrowed from Greek, and keeps this Greek form for its
+accusative.
+
+12. volabat. Distinguish between _volo, volare_, and _volo, velle_.
+
+13. ceteris. _Ceteri_ is used to denote all not already named ('the
+other'), while _alii_ denotes some of those who have not been already
+named ('other').
+
+14. specie horribili, 'of terrible appearance.' ablative of description.
+A noun never stands alone in this construction,
+
+earum. See the note on 3, 22.
+
+15. contecta. This and factae below are used as predicate adjectives, not
+to form the pluperfect passive with erant. Translate, therefore, 'were
+covered.' not 'had been covered.'
+
+18. vertebantur. The imperfect here denotes customary action, one of its
+regular uses.
+
+19. Ille. See the note on 3, 16.
+
+20. hoc modo, ablative of manner.
+
+21. venit, dormiebat. The perfect simply expresses an action which took
+place in past time, the imperfect tells of a state of things existing at
+that past time.
+
+25. fugit. When dum means 'while,' 'as,' it is followed by the present
+indicative, even when used of past events.
+
+26. fecit. Like _postquam_, ubi has the present or perfect indicative,
+where English would use the pluperfect.
+
+5. 2. illo tempore, ablative of time.
+
+regnabat. Observe the force of the tense, and try to find the reason for
+each change of tense in this paragraph.
+
+Hic. This must here be translated simply 'he.' Compare the use of Ille,
+3, 16.
+
+4. veniebat. See the note on 4, 18.
+
+6. omnium, 'of all men.' or 'of all.' The adjective is used as a noun, as
+in the second of the English expressions.
+
+oraculum. It was believed in antiquity that the will of the gods and a
+knowledge of future events might be learned at certain shrines, of which
+the most famous were those of Apollo at Delphi, of Zeus or Jupiter at
+Dodona, and of Hammon in Egypt. Hammon was really an Egyptian god,
+represented as having the horns of a ram, but he was identified by the
+Greeks with Zeus and by the Romans with Jupiter.
+
+7. filiam. Where there is no ambiguity, the possessive is often omitted
+in Latin.
+
+8. autem, often, as here, simply introduces an explanation ('now'),
+
+nomine, 'by name.'
+
+9. Cepheus. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
+
+10. civis suos, 'his subjects.'
+
+13. certam. See the note on _quodam_, 3, 15. _Dies_ is regularly
+masculine, but when used of an appointed day it is often feminine.
+
+omnia, 'all things,' 'everything,' or 'all.' See the note on _omnium_,
+line 6.
+
+16. deplorabant, tenebant. Be careful to show the meaning of the tense by
+your translation.
+
+18. quaerit. The present is often used of a past action instead of the
+perfect, to bring the action more vividly before us as if it were taking
+place now. This is called the historical present.
+
+19. haec geruntur, 'this is going on.'
+
+20. horribili. Here the adjective is made emphatic by being put before
+its noun; in 4, 14 the same effect is gained by putting _horribili_ last
+in its clause.
+
+22. omnibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb
+_(in+iacio)_. Translate 'inspired in all,' but the literal meaning is
+'threw into all.'
+
+26. induit. See the note on 3, 13.
+
+aera. See the note on 4, 11.
+
+6. 2. suo, eius. Distinguish carefully between these words. _Suus_ is
+used of something belonging to the subject, _eius_ of something belonging
+to some other person or thing just mentioned.
+
+5. volat. See the note on 4, 25.
+
+7. sustulit. Notice that the perfect forms of _tollo_ are the same as
+those of _suffero (sub + fero)_, 'endure.'
+
+8. neque, here to be translated 'and ... not.' _Neque_ is thus used
+regularly for _et non_.
+
+13. exanimata, used here as a predicate adjective.
+
+16. rettulit. 'To give thanks' or 'thank' is usually _gratias agere_, as
+in 3, 19; _gratiam referre_ means 'to show one's gratitude,' 'to
+recompense' or 'requite.'
+
+18. duxit. This word came to mean 'marry,' because the bridegroom 'led'
+his bride in a wedding procession to his own home. It will be seen,
+therefore, that it can be used only of the man.
+
+Paucos annos. See the note on 3, 20.
+
+20. omnis. What does the quantity of the _i_ tell you about the form?
+
+7. 1. quod, not the relative pronoun, but a conjunction.
+
+3. eo, the adverb.
+
+in atrium. Although inrupit means 'burst _into_,' the preposition is
+nevertheless required with the noun to express the place into which he
+burst.
+
+6. ille. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
+
+8. Acrisi. In Nepos, Caesar, Cicero, and Vergil, the genitive singular of
+second-declension nouns in _-ius_ and _-ium_ ends in _i_, not _ii_; but
+the nominative plural ends in _ii_, and the dative and ablative plural in
+_iis_.
+
+10. istud. Remember that _iste_ is commonly used of something connected
+with the person addressed. Here the meaning may be 'that oracle I told
+you of.' See 3, 4.
+
+12. Larisam. See the note on 3, 12.
+
+neque enim, 'for ... not,' as if simply _non enim_, but Latin uses _neque_
+to connect the clauses.
+
+14. in omnis partis, 'in all directions' or 'in every direction.'
+
+15. Multi. See the note on _omnium_, 5, 6.
+
+17. discorum. The discus was a round, flat piece of stone or metal, and
+the athletes tried to see who could throw it farthest.
+
+18. casu. This is one of the ablatives of manner that do not take _cum_.
+
+19. stabat. Notice the tense.
+
+
+HERCULES
+
+9. 2. omnium hominum. This means 'all men' in the sense of 'all mankind.'
+
+3. oderat. _Odi_ is perfect in form, but present in meaning; and the
+pluperfect has in like manner the force of an imperfect.
+ 5. media nocte, 'in the middle of the night,' 'in the dead of night.'
+
+7. Nec tamen, 'not ... however.' See the note on _neque enim,_ 7, 12.
+
+8. movebant. Contrast this tense with appropinquaverant and excitati
+sunt.
+
+13. Tali modo = _hoc modo_, 4, 20.
+
+20. a puero, 'from a boy,' 'from boyhood.'
+
+exercebat, the imperfect of customary action, as is also consumebat.
+
+24. autem. See the note on 5, 8.
+
+25. arti, dative of indirect object with the intransitive verb studebat.
+
+10. 2. omnibus viribus, 'with all his might,' ablative of manner.
+
+3. e vita. Notice that the preposition denoting separation appears both
+with the noun and in the verb. Compare _in atrium inrupit_, 7, 3.
+
+4. neque quisquam, 'and not any one,' _i.e_. 'and no one.' _Quisquam_ is
+used chiefly in negative sentences.
+
+5. voluit, 'was willing.'
+
+7. facit. See the note on 4, 25.
+
+8. nomine. See the note on 5, 8.
+
+9. vir crudelissimus, not 'cruelest man,' but 'most cruel man.' The
+superlative is often thus used to denote simply a high degree of the
+quality.
+
+consueverat. Inceptive verbs end in _sco_ and denote the beginning of an
+action or state. The perfect and pluperfect of such verbs often represent
+the state of things resulting from the completion of the action, and are
+then to be translated as present and imperfect respectively. So
+_consuesco_ = 'I am becoming accustomed,' _consuevi_ = 'I have become
+accustomed' or 'am accustomed,' _consueveram_ = 'I had become accustomed'
+or 'was accustomed.'
+
+11. sacrificio, 'for the sacrifice,' dative of purpose.
+
+ea. Why is dies feminine here? See the note on _certam_, 5, 13.
+
+12. omnia. See the note on 5, 13.
+
+15. capitibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb _(in +
+pono)_.
+
+16. iam. The omission of the conjunction that would naturally join this
+clause with the preceding, and the repetition of _iam_, which thus in a
+way connects the two clauses, reflect the imminence of the danger and
+heighten our anxiety for the hero. Observe too how the tenses of the
+verbs contribute to the vividness of the picture. We see Hercules at the
+altar and the priest, knife in hand, about to give the fatal blow.
+
+18. altero. Supply _ictu_.
+
+19. Thebis, locative case. Notice that some names of towns are plural in
+form.
+
+21. Thebanis, dative with the adjective finitimi.
+
+autem, 'now.'
+
+22. Thebas. Names of towns are used without a preposition to express the
+place to which.
+
+23. veniebant, postulabant, imperfect of customary action.
+
+25. civis suos, 'his fellow-citizens.' Compare 5, 10.
+
+hoc stipendio, ablative of separation.
+
+27. atque. This conjunction adds an important statement by way of
+supplement. Here the meaning is something like 'and not only that, but.'
+
+11. 11. conversa. _Est_ and _sunt_ are frequently not expressed with the
+perfect participle.
+
+17. suos ipse sua. Notice how the enormity of the crime is emphasized by
+the use of all these words repeating the same idea.
+
+23. oraculum Delphicum. See the note on 5, 6.
+
+hoc oraculum omnium = _hoc omnium oraculorum_.
+
+25. Hoc in templo. Monosyllabic prepositions often stand between the
+noun and an adjective modifying it.
+
+12. 1. qui. Remember that the relative pronoun agrees in gender, number,
+and person with its antecedent; that its case depends upon its use. How
+are the person and number of qui shown?
+
+2. hominibus. See the note on 9, 2.
+
+4. neque. See the note on 6, 8.
+
+7. Tiryntha. This is a Greek accusative form. See the note on _aera_,
+4, 11.
+
+10. Duodecim annos, accusative of duration of time.
+
+11. Eurystheo. The English verb 'serve' is transitive, but _servio_ ('be
+subject to') is intransitive and takes an indirect object.
+
+14. quae. See the note on line 1. What is the case of quae?
+
+16. Primum is chiefly used in enumeration, primo (line 6) in contrasting
+an action or state with one that follows it.
+
+19. secum. The preposition _cum_ follows and is joined to the reflexive
+and personal pronouns, usually also to the relative pronoun.
+
+22. neque enim. See the note on 7, 12.
+
+26. respirandi, the genitive of the gerund. It modifies facultas. The
+gerund corresponds to the English verbal noun in _-ing_.
+
+13. 5. Hoc. We might expect _haec_ referring to Hydram, but a
+demonstrative pronoun is commonly attracted into the gender of the
+predicate noun (here monstrum).
+
+cui erant, 'which had,' literally 'to which there were.' This
+construction is found only with _sum_. It is called the dative of
+possession.
+
+8. res. In rendering this word choose always with great freedom the most
+suitable English word.
+
+13. 8. magni periculi. We say 'one of great danger.'
+
+9. eius. What possessive would be used to modify sinistra?
+
+11. hoc conatu, ablative of separation.
+
+14. comprehenderunt. See the note on 3, 13.
+
+unde = _ex quibus_.
+
+16. auxilio Hydrae, 'to the aid of the Hydra,' but literally for aid
+(i.e. as aid) to the Hydra,' for Hydrae is dative. This is called the
+double dative construction, auxilio the dative of purpose, and Hydrae the
+dative of reference, i.e. the dative denoting the person interested.
+
+17. abscidit. See the note on 4, 25.
+
+mordebat, 'kept biting,' the imperfect of repeated action.
+
+18. tali modo. See the note on 9, 13.
+
+interfecit. We have now had several verbs meaning 'kill.' _Interficio_ is
+the most general of these; _neco_ (line 4) is used of killing by unusual
+or cruel means, as by poison; _occido_ (12, 23) is most commonly used of
+the 'cutting down' of an enemy in battle.
+
+19. reddidit, as well as imbuit, has sagittas for its object, but we must
+translate as if we had _eas_ with reddidit.
+
+22. ad se. Compare this construction with the use of the dative in 4, 2.
+Notice that se does not refer to Herculem, the subject of referre, but to
+Eurystheus, the subject of Iussit. When the reflexive thus refers to the
+subject of the principal verb rather than to the subject of the
+subordinate verb with which it s directly connected, it is called
+indirect.
+
+23. tantae audaciae. The genitive of description, like the ablative of
+description, consists always of a noun with some modifying word. Compare
+_specie horribili_, 4, 14.
+
+autem. Compare 5, 8 and 10, 21.
+
+24. incredibili celeritate, ablative of description.
+
+25. vestigiis, ablative of means.
+
+26. ipsum, contrasts cervum with vestigiis.
+
+27. omnibus viribus. See the note on 10, 2.
+
+14. 1. currebat, 'he kept running.'
+
+sibi, dative of reference. It need not be translated,
+
+ad quietem, 'for rest.' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by _ad_.
+
+3. cucurrerat. The pluperfect is sometimes used with postquam when the
+lapse of time is denoted.
+
+4. cursu, ablative of cause.
+
+exanimatum = _qui exanimatus erat_. The participle is often equivalent to
+a relative clause.
+
+5. rettulit. See the note on 13, 19.
+
+8. rem. See the note on _res_, 13, 8.
+
+10. apro, dative of indirect object after the compound verb (_ob +
+curro_).
+
+11. timore perterritus. It is not necessary to translate both words.
+
+13. iniecit, i.e. upon the boar.
+
+summa cum difficultate. Compare this with _omnibus viribus_, 13, 27, and
+notice that _cum_ may be omitted with the ablative of manner when there
+is an adjective. For the position of cum, see the note on 11, 25.
+
+15. ad Eurystheum. We are told elsewhere that Eurystheus was so
+frightened when he saw the boar that he hid in a cask.
+
+vivus. Why have we the nominative here, but the accusative (vivum) in
+line 5?
+
+17. quarto. The capture of the Erymanthian boar is usually given as the
+third labor and the capture of the Cerynean stag as the fourth.
+
+narravimus. The writer sometimes uses the first person plural in speaking
+of himself, instead of the first person singular. This is called the
+plural of modesty, and is the same as the English usage.
+
+18. in Arcadiam. How does this differ in meaning from _in Arcadia_?
+
+20. appeteret. The subjunctive introduced by cum, 'since,' may express
+the reason for the action of the main verb.
+
+23. Hercules. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
+
+26. quod, conjunction, not pronoun.
+
+reliquos centauros, 'the rest of the centaurs,' 'the other centaurs.'
+Compare _media nocte_, 9, 5. Notice that _reliqui_ means about the same
+as _ceteri_, and see the note on 4, 13.
+
+28. inquit, historical present. This verb is used parenthetically with
+direct quotations.
+
+15. 1. dabo. Notice that Latin is more exact than English in the use of
+the future tense in subordinate clauses. In English we often use the
+present in the subordinate clause and leave it to the principal verb to
+show that the time is future.
+
+7. pervenerunt. See the note on 4, 26.
+
+10. constitit, from _consisto_, not _consto_.
+
+16. fuga. Latin says 'by flight,' not 'in flight.'
+
+17. ex spelunca. See the note on 10, 3.
+
+21. locum, the direct object of Adiit, which is here transitive. We might
+also have _ad locum_ with _adeo_ used intransitively.
+
+16. 4. Herculi. See the note on 10, 15.
+
+laborem. This labor is usually given as the sixth, the destruction of the
+Stymphalian birds as the fifth.
+
+6. tria milia boum, 'three thousand cattle,' literally 'three thousands
+of cattle.' The partitive genitive is the regular construction with the
+plural _milia_, but the singular _mille_ is commonly used as an
+adjective, like English 'thousand.' Thus 'one thousand cattle' would be
+_mille boves_.
+
+7. ingentis magnitudinis. See the note on _tantae audaciae_, 13, 23.
+
+8. neque enim umquam, 'for ... never.' See the note on _neque enim_, 7,
+12.
+
+11. multae operae. See the note on _magni periculi_, 13, 8.
+
+12. duodeviginti pedum, i.e. in width.
+
+duxit. This word is used with reference to the progress of work on a wall
+or ditch from one end of it to the other.
+
+15. opus. Compare this word with operae and labore, line 12. _Labor_ is
+used of heavy or exhausting labor, _opera_ of voluntary exertion or
+effort, _opus_ of that upon which one labors or of the completed work.
+
+17. imperaverat. This verb takes an indirect object to express the person
+ordered (ei). The action commanded is expressed by the subjunctive in a
+clause introduced by _ut_ and used as the object of _impero_ (ut
+necaret). Notice that this may be translated 'that he should kill' or 'to
+kill.' Compare now the construction with _iubeo_, 13, 22, with which the
+command is expressed by the accusative and infinitive (_Herculem
+referre_).
+
+19. carne. _Vescor_ is an intransitive verb and governs the ablative.
+
+22. appropinquandi. See the note on 12, 26.
+
+23. constitit, from _consto_. Compare 15, 10.
+
+pedibus, 'on foot,' literally 'by his feet.'
+
+25. consumpsisset. The imperfect and pluperfect tenses of the subjunctive
+are used with cum, 'when,' to describe the circumstances of the action of
+the main verb. Compare 14, 20, and the note.
+
+26. hoc conatu. See the note on 13, 11.
+
+27. peteret. The subjunctive is used with ut to express purpose. The best
+translation is usually the infinitive ('to ask'), but the Latin
+infinitive is not used in model prose to express purpose.
+
+17. 3. avolarent. This is not subjunctive of purpose, but of result, as
+is indicated by tam.
+
+6. ex. Compare this with _ab_, 16, 21, and _de_, 16, 13. We commonly
+translate all of these 'from,' but the real meanings are 'out of,' 'away
+from,' and 'down from' respectively.
+
+Creta. See the note on 3, 12.
+
+7. esset. See the note on 14, 20.
+
+8. insulae, dative with the compound verb (_ad_ + _propinquo_).
+
+appropinquaret. See the note on 16, 25.
+
+9. tanta ... ut. Notice how frequently the clause of result is connected
+with a demonstrative word in the main clause.
+
+12. navigandi imperitus, 'ignorant of navigation,' 'inexperienced in
+sailing.' See the note on 12, 26.
+
+21. cum, the conjunction.
+
+ingenti labore. See the note on _summa cum difficultate_, 14, 13.
+
+25. ut reduceret. See the note on 16, 27.
+
+26. carne. See the note on 16, 19.
+
+vescebantur, imperfect of customary action.
+
+18. 3. ut traderentur. Notice that _postulo_, like _impero_, takes an
+object-clause introduced by _ut_ and having its verb in the subjunctive.
+
+sibi, the indirect reflexive. See the note on 13, 22.
+
+4. ira ... interfecit, 'became furiously angry and killed the king,'
+literally 'moved by wrath killed the king.' The participle is frequently
+best rendered by a finite verb.
+
+18. 4. cadaver. The subject of an infinitive stands in the accusative
+case. We might translate here 'and gave orders that his body should be
+thrown.' See the note on 16, 17.
+
+6. mira rerum commutatio. When a noun has both an adjective and a
+genitive modifier, this order of the words is common.
+
+7. cum cruciatu, ablative of manner.
+
+necaverat. See the note on _interfecit_, 13, 18.
+
+10. referebant. See the note on 6, 16.
+
+modo. This is the adverb, not a case of _modus_, the dative and ablative
+singular of which would be _modo_. Make a practice of carefully observing
+the quantity of vowels.
+
+11. orabant. Notice that this verb, like _impero_ and _postulo_, takes
+_ut_ and the subjunctive.
+
+14. ad navigandum. See the note on _ad quietem_, 14, 1.
+
+16. post, here an adverb of time.
+
+18. dicitur. Notice that the Latin construction is personal ('the nation
+is said to have consisted'), while English commonly has the impersonal
+construction ('it is said that the nation consisted').
+
+19. rei militaris, 'the art of war.'
+
+25. mandavit. See the note on 16, 17.
+
+26. Amazonibus, dative after the compound verb.
+
+19. 1. persuasit. Notice that this verb governs the same construction
+that we have already found used with _impero_ and _mando_.
+
+2. secum. See the note on 12, 19.
+
+5. appulit. Supply _navem_.
+
+6. doceret. A clause of purpose is frequently introduced by a relative.
+Translate like the _ut_-clause of purpose, here 'to make known,'
+literally 'who was to make known.'
+
+14. magno intervallo, ablative of degree of difference.
+
+16. non magna. The effect of the position of these words may be
+reproduced by translating 'but not a large one.'
+
+neutri. The plural is used because the reference is to two parties, each
+composed of several individuals. 'Neither' of two individuals would be
+_neuter_.
+
+17. volebant, dedit. Consider the tenses. Each army waited for some time
+for the other to cross; finally Hercules gave the signal.
+
+22. occiderint. The perfect subjunctive is sometimes used in result
+clauses after a past tense in the principal clause. This is contrary to
+the general principle of the sequence of tenses, which requires the
+imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive after a past tense, the present or
+perfect subjunctive after a present or future tense.
+
+23. Viri. Compare this with _hominibus_, 12, 2.
+
+24. praestabant. Compare the tense with praestiterunt, line 21.
+
+27. neu. As _neque_ or _nec_ is used for 'and not,' so _neve_ or _neu_
+for 'and that not' in an object-clause or a clause of purpose.
+
+20. 1. quibus, 'and by these,' The relative is much used in Latin to
+connect a new sentence with the one preceding. When so used, it is
+generally best rendered by 'and' or 'but' and a demonstrative or personal
+pronoun.
+
+ita ... ut. See the note on 17, 9.
+
+2. essent, most easily explained as the subjunctive of attraction. By
+this is meant that the verb is attracted into the mood of the clause upon
+which it depends.
+
+4. pugnatum est, 'the battle raged' or 'they fought,' literally 'it was
+fought,' Intransitive verbs are often thus used impersonally in the
+passive, with the subject implied in the verb itself, as pugnatum
+est = _pugna pugnata est_.
+
+11. aestatis, partitive genitive. Notice that multum is used as a noun.
+
+13. nactus. The perfect active participle is wanting in Latin, but the
+perfect participle of deponent verbs is active in meaning.
+
+24. specie horribili. See the note on 4, 14.
+
+26. timore perterriti. See the note on 14, 11.
+
+continebantur, 'kept themselves shut up.' This is the so-called reflexive
+use of the passive, in which the subject is represented as acting upon
+itself.
+
+pecora. This word is used of herds of cattle, pecudes (line 25) of single
+animals, especially sheep.
+
+28. commotus consuluit. See the note on 18, 4.
+
+21. 3. liberaret. See the note on 16, 27.
+
+oraculo. Notice that parere is intransitive and has the dative of
+indirect object, while 'obey' is transitive. It may help to understand
+the Latin construction if you translate such verbs as _pareo_ by
+intransitives, here 'to submit to.'
+
+4. sacrificio. See the note on 10, 11.
+
+5. ipso temporis puncto quo, 'at the very moment when.'
+
+8. egressus. See the note on 20, 13.
+
+de rebus ... factus est, 'was informed of the state of things,' literally
+'was made more certain about the things which were being done.' In what
+gender, number, person, and case is quae? Give a reason for each.
+
+11. posset. The subjunctive is used because the words of the king are
+quoted indirectly. He said _si potes_, 'if you can.'
+
+19. Ipse. Notice the use of this word in contrasts, frequently, as here,
+of a person with that which belongs to him or with his subordinates.
+
+20. inter se, 'to one another.'
+
+22. esset, subjunctive in an indirect question. The direct form would be
+_Quantum periculum est_? ('How great is the danger?'). multas terras,
+just as we say 'many lands,'
+
+23. Europae. Compare _Thebanis_, 10, 21.
+
+24. in utroque litore, 'on each shore,' 'on both shores.'
+
+25. columnas. The ancients believed that the Rock of Gibraltar was the
+pillar set up by Hercules on the European side.
+
+22. 4. tantum, an adverb.
+
+5. dederit. See the note on 19, 22.
+
+9. quo in loco. See the note on 11, 25. essent. See the note on 21, 22.
+
+10. sibi, the indirect reflexive.
+
+12. et ... et, 'both ... and.'
+
+18. progredi, 'from proceeding.'
+
+19. prohibebant, 'attempted to prevent,' imperfect of attempted action.
+Notice that the use of the imperfect to express customary, repeated, or
+attempted action follows naturally from its use to denote action going on
+in past time. The present, the tense which denotes action going on in
+present time, has the same special uses.
+
+20. barbari. This word was used by the Greeks of all other peoples; by
+the Romans it was used of all but the Greeks and themselves.
+
+24. ceciderunt. Let the quantity of the _i_ tell you whether this comes
+from _cado_ or _caedo_. Is occiderint a compound of _cado_ or _caedo_?
+
+25. in talibus rebus, _i.e_. when a god intervenes in behalf of his
+favorite.
+
+26. nihil incommodi, 'no harm,' literally 'nothing of harm'; incommodi is
+partitive genitive.
+
+23. 2. quam celerrime, 'as rapidly as possible.' _Quam_ with the
+superlative expresses the highest possible degree.
+
+3. Necesse, predicate adjective with erat, the subject being has
+transire.
+
+5. citeriore. The Romans called upper Italy _Gallia Citerior_, 'Hither
+Gaul,' because it was occupied by Gallic tribes.
+
+6. perenni. Learn the derivation of this word. The meaning of a word may
+often be seen most easily and remembered most surely by noticing its
+derivation,
+
+tecti, used as predicate adjective.
+
+9. copiam. Notice carefully the meaning of this word. In what sense have
+we found the plural _copiae_ used?
+
+10. rebus, 'preparations.' See the note on _res_, 13, 8.
+
+consumpserat. See the note on 14, 3.
+
+11. omnium opinionem. Hitherto we have had _opinionem omnium_, but here
+_omnium_ is made emphatic by being placed first.
+
+15. itinere, ablative of cause.
+
+fessus, 'since he was weary.' Notice that a Latin adjective or participle
+must often be expanded into a clause in the translation.
+
+16. Haud = _non_. It modifies a single word, usually an adjective or
+adverb.
+
+19. modo. See the note on 18, 10.
+
+ingenti magnitudine. Compare _ingentis magnitudinis_, 16, 7.
+
+23. boum. Learn the declension of this word from the vocabulary.
+
+24. ne. A negative clause of purpose is introduced by _ne_.
+
+24. 2. omnibus locis. _Locus_ modified by an adjective is often used
+without _in_ in the ablative of place.
+
+3. nusquam. We say 'could not find anywhere,' but Latin prefers to
+combine the negative with another word.
+
+6. reliquis. See the note on _reliquos centauros_, 14, 26.
+
+7. e bobus. Compare _boum_, 23, 23. With unus the ablative with _ex_ or
+_de_ is commonly used instead of the partitive genitive.
+
+16. neque quicquam. See the note on 10, 4.
+
+21. more suo, 'according to his custom.'
+
+turbatus, 'was confused ... and.' See the note on _ira ... interfecit_,
+18, 4.
+
+22. in. See the note on _in atrium_, 7, 3.
+
+25. respirandi. See the note on 12, 26.
+
+25. 2. quam quos, for _quam eos quos_.
+
+11. cui. See the note on _cui erant_, 13, 5.
+
+12. Herculi imperaverat, 'had enjoined upon Hercules.'
+
+17. Eurystheo. See the note on _oraculo_, 21, 3.
+
+19. quaesiverat. With this verb the person of whom the question is asked
+is expressed in the ablative with _ab, de_, or _ex_.
+
+23. orbis terrarum, 'of the world,' literally 'of the circle of lands.'
+
+26. umeris suis, ablative of means, but we say 'on his shoulders.'
+
+ne. See the note on 23, 24.
+
+decideret. Notice the force of the prefix _de_.
+
+27. miratus, 'wondering at.' The perfect participle of deponent verbs is
+often best rendered into English by a present participle.
+
+26. 3. Herculi, dative with prodesse.
+
+ille. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4.
+
+4. certo, the adverb.
+
+6. venisset. What would the form be in the direct question?
+
+inquit. See the note on 14, 28.
+
+7. filiabus. To avoid confusion with the corresponding forms of
+_deus_ and _filius_, the dative and ablative plural of _dea_ and _filia_
+sometimes end in _abus_.
+
+sponte. This noun is practically confined to the ablative singular, in
+prose usually with _mea, tua_, or _sua_, 'of my, your, his own accord.'
+
+9. posset, subjunctive because indirect. The thought of Hercules was _si
+potest_.
+
+11. abesset. This also is indirect, quoting _absum_.
+
+12. umeris. See the note on 25, 26.
+
+17. pauca milia. Extent of space, like duration of time, is expressed by
+the accusative,
+
+passuum. See the note on 16, 6.
+
+21. ita ut, 'as'
+
+accepissent. Hitherto we have found the indicative in causal clauses
+introduced by quod. The subjunctive indicates that the reason is quoted;
+the Hesperides said _quod accepimus_.
+
+28. gratias egit. See the note on 6, 16.
+
+27. 2. e laboribus. See the note on 24, 7.
+
+3. Herculi praeceperat = _Herculi imperaverat_, 25, 12.
+
+5. posset, subjunctive because it quotes the thought of Eurystheus,
+_poterit_.
+
+6. ut ... traheret. This clause is not itself the object of dedit, but in
+apposition with the object (Negotium).
+
+7. omnium, partitive genitive.
+
+11. narramus. The present is sometimes used with antequam to express
+future action, as in English with 'before.' See the note on 15, 1.
+
+alienum, predicate adjective, the subject of videtur being pauca ...
+proponere. In the passive _video_ may mean 'be seen,' but it usually
+means 'seem.'
+
+13. qui idem, 'which also,' literally 'which the same.'
+
+14. Ut, 'when.'
+
+15. deducebantur, customary action.
+
+19. Stygis fluminis. We say 'river Styx,' but 'Mississippi River.'
+
+quo, ablative of means.
+
+20. necesse. See the note on 23, 3.
+
+possent. The subjunctive is used with antequam to denote that the action
+is expected or intended.
+
+21. in. We say 'over.'
+
+25. prius. Notice that Latin is here more exact than English, using the
+comparative because only two actions are spoken of.
+
+dedisset, subjunctive because indirect. Charon said _nisi dederis_
+(future perfect), _non transveham_, 'unless you first give (shall have
+given), I will not carry you across.'
+
+28. 1. mortui, used as a noun, 'of the dead man.'
+
+eo consilio, 'with this purpose,' 'to this end.' The clause ut ... posset
+is in apposition with consilio.
+
+6. Ut. Compare 27, 14.
+
+8. quod cum fecissent, 'and when they had done this.' See the note on
+_quibus_, 20, 1.
+
+13. Stabant, 'there stood.' What is its subject?
+
+15. mortuis, dative of indirect object.
+
+et. Notice that ambiguity is avoided by a change of conjunctions, et
+connecting the clauses and -que connecting praemia and poenas. Of these
+connectives, _et_ connects two ideas that are independent of each other
+and of equal importance; _-que_ denotes a close connection, often of two
+words that together express a single idea; while _ac_ or _atque_ (see
+line 18) adds something of greater importance.
+
+18. et. _Multi_ is often joined by _et_ to another adjective modifying
+the same noun.
+
+24. ex. Compare 25, 18.
+
+27. se socios, direct object and predicate accusative respectively.
+
+29. 3. ne. After verbs of fearing _ne_ must be rendered 'that,' _ut_,
+'that not.' Notice, however, that the negative idea is as clearly present
+here as in the other clauses introduced by _ne_ that we have met, for
+Charon wishes that the thing may not happen.
+
+13. fecisset, indirect for _feceris_.
+
+18. refugerit. See the note on 19, 22.
+
+23. quae cum ita essent, 'and this being the case,' 'and so,' literally
+'since which things were so.'
+
+24. liberatus. See the note on _ira ... interfecit_, 18, 4.
+
+25. quae, object of perscribere, which is the subject of est; longum is
+predicate adjective.
+
+26. est. We say 'would be.'
+
+aetate, ablative of specification. Translate 'when he was now advanced in
+age' (_i.e_. 'late in life'), and see the note on _fessus_, 23, 15.
+
+30. 1. accidit. This is one of several impersonal verbs which take for
+their subject a clause of result (ut ... occiderit).
+
+3. ut ... iret, a clause of result; used as the subject of esset, mos
+being predicate.
+
+quis. After _si, nisi, ne_, and _num_, this is not the interrogative, but
+an indefinite pronoun ('any one'),
+
+occidisset, indirect for _occiderit_, which would be the form used in the
+laws; or it may be explained as subjunctive by attraction to iret.
+
+7. transeant, not 'they are crossing,' but 'they are to cross.' The
+direct form would be _transeamus ('How in the world are we to get
+across?'), subjunctive because the question expresses doubt. This is
+called the deliberative subjunctive.
+
+10. progressus, 'after advancing.'
+
+11. revertebatur. This verb is deponent in the present, imperfect, and
+future.
+
+16. humi, locative, 'on the ground.'
+
+ne. See the note on 23, 24.
+
+sui ulciscendi, 'of avenging himself.' This is called the gerundive
+construction. It is regularly used instead of the gerund when the gerund
+would have an accusative object (_se ulciscendi_). Notice that the gerund
+is a verbal noun; the gerundive a verbal adjective, agreeing with its
+noun like any other adjective.
+
+17. morientis, 'of a dying man.' Compare _mortui_, 28, 1.
+
+18. vis, from _volo_.
+
+20. si ... venerit, 'if you ever suspect him.' What is the literal
+meaning? Notice that we use the present, while Latin by the use of the
+future perfect indicates that the action is to precede that of the main
+clause.
+
+21. inficies. The future indicative is sometimes used, as in English, for
+the imperative.
+
+22. nihil mali. See the note on 22, 26.
+
+suspicata. See the note on 25, 27.
+
+25. Iolen, filiam, captivam, direct object, appositive, and predicate
+accusative respectively.
+
+26. domum. See the note on _ad domum_, 3, 15.
+
+31. 1. referret. See the note on 19, 6.
+
+2. facerent, subjunctive by attraction. The verb of a clause dependent
+upon an infinitive is put in the subjunctive when the two clauses are
+closely connected in thought. We have already met this construction in
+the case of dependence upon a subjunctive; see the note on 20, 2.
+
+gerere. Compare 30, 3. Such phrases as _mos est_ may have as subject
+either an infinitive or a clause of result.
+
+3. verita. This participle is regularly rendered as present,
+
+ne. See the note on 29, 3.
+
+4. vestem. Notice that the position of this word helps to make it clear
+that it is the object of infecit as well as of dedit.
+
+5. suspicans. This does not differ appreciably in force from _suspicata_,
+30, 22.
+
+8. exanimatus, 'beside himself.'
+
+14. succenderent. Notice the force of the prefix _sub_ in this word and
+in subdidit below.
+
+15. inductus, 'moved.'
+
+
+THE ARGONAUTS
+
+33. 1. alter ... alter, 'one ... the other.' Remember that this word is
+used to denote one of two given persons or things. We have in this
+passage an instance of the chiastic order, in which variety and emphasis
+are gained by reversing the position of the words in the second of two
+similar expressions. Here the two names are brought together by this
+device.
+
+3. regni, objective genitive, _i.e_. a genitive used to denote the object
+of the feeling cupiditate.
+
+6. ex amicis. Quidam, like _unus_, commonly has _ex_ or _de_ and the
+ablative, instead of the partitive genitive.
+
+10. puerum mortuum esse, 'that the boy was dead,' literally 'the boy to
+be dead.' This is indirect for _Puer mortuus est_, 'The boy is dead.'
+Notice carefully what changes Latin makes in quoting such a statement
+indirectly, and what the changes are in English. We have already met two
+constructions of indirect discourse, the subjunctive in indirect
+questions, and the subjunctive in informal indirect discourse. By the
+latter is meant a subordinate clause which, though not forming part of a
+formal quotation, has the subjunctive to show that not the speaker or
+writer but some other person is responsible for the idea it expresses
+(see the notes on _dedisset_, 27, 25, and _occidisset_. 30, 3). In
+indirect discourse, then, a statement depending upon a verb of saying,
+thinking, knowing, perceiving, or the like has its verb in the infinitive
+with the subject in the accusative; a command or question has its verb in
+the subjunctive; and any clause modifying such a statement, command, or
+question has its verb in the subjunctive.
+
+33. 13. intellegerent. See the note on 14, 20.
+
+14. nescio quam fabulam, 'some story or other.' Notice that _nescio_ with
+the interrogative pronoun is equivalent to an indefinite pronoun.
+
+19. oraculum. Read again the description beginning at the bottom of
+page 11.
+
+21. quis. See the note on 30, 3.
+
+Post paucis annis, 'a few years later,' literally 'later by a few years.'
+Post is here an adverb, and paucis annis ablative of degree of
+difference. The expression is equivalent to _post paucos annos_.
+
+22. accidit. See the note on 30, 1.
+
+facturus, 'intending to make.' The future participle with a form of _sum_
+is used to express an intended or future action. This is called the
+active periphrastic conjugation.
+
+23. certam. See the note on 5, 13.
+
+24. Die constituta, ablative of time.
+
+26. a pueritia. Compare _a puero_, 9, 20.
+
+34. 2. transeundo flumine. See the note on _sui ulciscendi_, 30, 16.
+
+nescio quo. See the note on 33. 14.
+
+4. uno pede nudo, 'with one foot bare,' the ablative absolute. This
+construction consists of two parts, a noun, or pronoun corresponding to
+the subject of a clause, and a participle corresponding to the verb of a
+clause. A predicate noun or adjective may take the place of the
+participle. In the latter case the use of the participle 'being' will
+show the two parts in the relation of subject and predicate, 'one foot
+being bare.'
+
+34.6. demonstravisset, subjunctive because subordinate in indirect
+discourse. See the note on 33, 10. Pelias thought, _Hic est homo quem
+oraculum demonstravit_.
+
+9. vellus aureum. Phrixus and his sister Helle were about to be put to
+death, when they were rescued by a ram with fleece of gold, who carried
+them off through the air. Helle fell from the ram's back into the strait
+that separates Europe and Asia, called after her the Hellespont, 'Helle's
+sea,' and known to us as the Dardanelles. Phrixus came safely to Colchis,
+and here he sacrificed the ram and gave the fleece to Aeetes. Read Mr.
+D.O.S. Lowell's _Jason's Quest_.
+
+11. ut ... potiretur. See the note on 27, 6.
+
+hoc vellere. _Potior_ takes the same construction as _vescor_, for which
+see the note on 16, 19.
+
+16. iter, accusative of extent.
+
+20. usui, dative of purpose. We say 'of use' or 'useful.'
+
+24. operi dative after the compound with _prae_. Notice that not all
+verbs compounded with prepositions govern the dative. Many compounds of
+_ad, ante, com_ (for _cum_), _in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub_, and
+_super_ do have the dative, and some compounds of _circum_. You will find
+it profitable to keep a list of all such compound verbs governing the
+dative that you meet in your reading.
+
+25. ne ... quidem, 'not ... even.' The word emphasized must stand between
+_ne_ and _quidem_.
+
+ad laborem. See the note on _ad quietem_, 14, 1.
+
+26. Ad multitudinem transportandam, used like _ad laborem_. The gerundive
+in this use is very common.
+
+27. quibus. The antecedent _eae_ is not expressed. Notice that _utor_
+governs the same case as _vescor_ and _potior_. Two other deponent verbs,
+not found in this book, take this construction, namely _fruor_, 'enjoy,'
+and _fungor_, 'perform.'
+
+nostro mari, _i.e_. the Mediterranean.
+
+consuevimus. See the note on _consueverat_, 10, 9.
+
+35. 8. citharoedum. It was said that Orpheus made such sweet music on his
+golden harp that wild beasts, trees, and rocks followed him as he moved.
+By his playing he even prevailed upon Pluto to give back his dead wife
+Eurydice.
+
+Theseum, a mythical hero, whose exploits resemble and rival those of
+Hercules. The most famous of them was the killing of the Minotaur.
+Theseus was the national hero of Athens.
+
+Castorem, the famous tamer of horses and brother of Pollux, the boxer.
+Read Macaulay's _Lays of Ancient Rome, The Battle of the Lake Regillus_.
+
+10. quos, the subject of esse. Its antecedent is eos, line 11. The
+relative frequently precedes in Latin, but the antecedent must be
+translated first.
+
+16. Argonautae. Notice the composition of this word.
+
+24. deicerentur, part of the result clause.
+
+26. arbitrati. See the note on 25, 27.
+
+egredi. See the note on 22, 18.
+
+27. pugnatum est. See the note on 20 4.
+
+36. 5. Postridie eius diei, 'the next day,' more literally 'on the day
+following that day.' This idea may be expressed by _postridie_ alone, and
+the fuller expression is simply more formal.
+
+9. in ancoris, 'at anchor.'
+
+10. haberent. See the note on 34, 6.
+
+11. ex Argonautis. See the note on 33, 6.
+
+13. Qui, 'he.' See the note on _quibus_, 20, 1.
+
+dum quaerit, 'while looking for.' The present indicative with _dum_ is
+often to be translated by a present participle.
+
+15. vidissent. We say 'saw,' but Latin makes it plain that the seeing
+(and falling in love) came before the attempt to persuade.
+
+ei. Keep a list of all intransitive verbs which are used with the dative.
+
+16. negaret. This verb is commonly used instead of _dico_ when a negative
+statement follows; when thus used, it should be translated by 'say' with
+the appropriate negative, here 'said that he would not.'
+
+37. 1. praebuisset, subjunctive in a subordinate clause of indirect
+discourse.
+
+2. supplici. See the note on 7, 8.
+
+6. accubuerat. The Romans reclined at table, supporting themselves on the
+left arm and taking the food with the right hand. They naturally
+represented others as eating in the same way.
+
+appositum, 'that had been placed before him.' See the note on
+_exanimatum_, 14, 4.
+
+7. Quo ... moreretur, 'and so it came to pass that Phineus was nearly
+dying of starvation,' literally 'that not much was wanting but that
+Phineus would die.' Ut ... abesset is a clause of result, the subject of
+factum est; quin ... moreretur is a form of subordinate clause with
+subjunctive verb used after certain negative expressions; fame is
+ablative of cause. Notice that _fames_ has a fifth-declension ablative,
+but is otherwise of the third declension.
+
+9. Res male se habebat, 'the situation was desperate.' What is the
+literal meaning?
+
+12. opinionem virtutis, 'reputation for bravery.'
+
+13. quin ferrent. Negative expressions of doubt are regularly followed by
+_quin_ and the subjunctive.
+
+16. quanto in periculo. See the note on 11, 25.
+
+suae res, 'his affairs.' See the note on _res_, 13, 8.
+
+17. repperissent. Phineus used the future perfect indicative.
+
+22. nihil, used adverbially.
+
+23. aera. See the note on 4, 11.
+
+27. Hoc facto, 'when this had been accomplished.' See the note on 34, 4.
+The ablative absolute is often used instead of a subordinate clause of
+time, cause, condition, or the like.
+
+38. 1. referret. See the note on 6, 16.
+
+3. eo consilio. See the note on 28, 1.
+
+4. ne quis, 'that no one.' 'Negative clauses of purpose and negative
+clauses of result may be distinguished by the negative: _ne, ne quis_,
+etc., for purpose; _ut non, ut nemo_, etc., for result.
+
+parvo intervallo, 'a short distance apart,' ablative absolute. See the
+note on 34, 1.
+
+5. in medium spatium, 'between them.'
+
+7. quid faciendum esset, 'what was to be done.' The gerundive is used
+with _sum_ to denote necessary action. This is called the passive
+periphrastic conjugation.
+
+8. sublatis ... solvit, 'weighed anchor and put to sea.' What is the
+literal translation? The ablative absolute is often best translated by a
+cooerdinate verb, and this requires a change of voice, for the lack of a
+perfect active participle in Latin is the reason for the use of the
+ablative absolute in such cases. If there were a perfect active
+participle, it would stand in the nominative, modifying the subject, as
+we have found the perfect participle of deponent verbs doing.
+
+11. recta ... spatium, 'straight between them.'
+
+12. cauda tantum amissa, 'having lost only its tail-feathers.' Notice
+that we change the voice, as in line 8, and that the use of the ablative
+absolute is resorted to here for the same reason as in that passage. Make
+sure at this point that you know three ways in which the ablative
+absolute may be translated, as in this passage, as in line 8, and as
+suggested in the note on 37, 27.
+
+14. concurrerent, 'could rush together.' See the note on _possent_, 27,
+20.
+
+intellegentes, equivalent to _cum intellegerent_.
+
+17. dis, the usual form of the dative and ablative plural of _deus_, as
+_di_ of the nominative plural.
+
+quorum, equivalent to _cum eorum_. A relative clause of cause, like a
+_cum_-clause of cause, has its verb in the subjunctive.
+
+27. negabat. See the note on 36, 16.
+
+39. 1. traditurum. In infinitives formed with participles _esse_ is often
+omitted,
+
+prius. See the note on 27, 25.
+
+3. Primum. See the note on 12, 16.
+
+4. iungendi erant. See the note on 38, 7.
+
+8. rei bene gerendae, 'of accomplishing his mission.' What is the literal
+meaning?
+
+10. rem aegre ferebat, 'she was greatly distressed.' What is the literal
+meaning?
+
+12. Quae ... essent. See the note on 29, 23.
+
+13. medicinae, objective genitive.
+
+14. Media nocte. See the note on 9, 5.
+
+insciente patre, 'without the knowledge of her father,' ablative
+absolute.
+
+15. venit. See the note on 3, 13.
+
+17. quod ... confirmaret, a relative clause of purpose.
+
+19. essent, subjunctive in informal indirect discourse, or by attraction
+to oblineret.
+
+20. hominibus. See the note on 34, 24.
+
+21. magnitudine et viribus, ablative of specification.
+
+40. 2. nihil valere, 'prevailed not.'
+
+5. qua in re. See the note on 11, 25.
+
+6. confecerit. See the note on 19, 22.
+
+8. quos. See the note on _quibus_, 20, 1.
+
+9. autem. See the note on 5, 8.
+
+10. essent, subjunctive by attraction.
+
+11. quodam, 'some.'
+
+16. gignerentur, 'should be born.' With dum, 'until,' the subjunctive is
+used of action anticipated, as with _antequam_ (see the note on
+_possent_, 27, 20).
+
+19. omnibus agri partibus. See the note on 18, 6.
+
+20. mirum in modum = _miro modo_.
+
+25. nescio cur, 'for some reason.' See the note on 33, 14.
+
+28. nullo negotio, 'with no trouble,' 'without difficulty.'
+
+41. 3. quin tulisset. See the note on 37, 13.
+
+15. quam primum, 'as soon as possible.' See the note on 23, 2.
+
+16. avecturum. See the note on _traditurum_, 39, 1.
+
+17. Postridie eius diei. See the note on 36, 5.
+
+19. loco. The antecedent is frequently thus repeated in the relative
+clause.
+
+21. qui ... essent, 'to guard the ship.' See the note on 13, 16.
+
+22. ipse. See the note on 21, 19.
+
+27. quidam. This word may sometimes be rendered by the indefinite
+article.
+
+28. demonstravimus. See the note on _narravimus_, 14, 17.
+
+42. 5. dormit. See the note on _fugit_, 4, 25.
+
+12. aliqui. Learn from the vocabulary the difference between _aliquis_
+and _aliqui_.
+
+maturandum sibi, 'they ought to hasten,' more literally 'haste ought to
+be made by them'; maturandum (_esse_) is the impersonal passive, and sibi
+the so-called dative of the agent. With the gerundive the person who has
+the thing to do is regularly expressed in the dative.
+
+16. mirati. See the note on 25, 27.
+
+20. dis. See the note on 38, 17.
+
+21. evenisset. See the note on _accepissent_, 26, 21.
+
+23. vigilia. The Romans divided the day from sunrise to sunset into
+twelve hours (_horae_), the night from sunset to sunrise into four
+watches (_vigiliae_).
+
+24. neque enim. See the note on 7, 12.
+
+25. inimico animo, ablative of description.
+
+43. 2. hoc dolore, 'this anger,' _i.e_. 'anger at this.'
+
+Navem longam, 'war-galley,' 'man-of-war.' The adjective contrasts the
+shape of the man-of-war with that of the merchantman.
+
+4. fugientis, used as a noun, 'the fugitives.'
+
+6. qua, ablative of means.
+
+7. qua, 'as,' but in the same construction as eadem celeritate.
+
+8. Quo ... caperentur. See the note on 37, 7.
+
+9. neque ... posset, 'for the distance between them was not greater than
+a javelin could be thrown.' What is the literal translation? The clause
+quo ... posset denotes result; the distance was not _so great that_ a
+javelin could not be thrown from one ship to the other.
+
+11. vidisset. See the note on 36, 15.
+
+15. fugiens, 'when she fled.' See the note on _fessus_, 23, 15.
+
+18. fili. See the note on 7, 8.
+
+19. Neque ... fefellit, 'and Medea was not mistaken.' What is the literal
+meaning?
+
+20. ubi primum, 'as soon as,' literally 'when first.'
+
+24. prius, not to be rendered until quam is reached. The two words
+together mean 'before,' more literally 'earlier than,' 'sooner than,'
+They are sometimes written together (_priusquam_).
+
+25. nihil ... esse, 'that it would be of no advantage to him.'
+
+44. 5. pollicitus erat. Verbs of promising do not usually take in Latin
+the simple present infinitive, as in English, but the construction of
+indirect discourse.
+
+10. mihi. The dative of reference is often used in Latin where we should
+use a possessive in English. Translate here as if the word were _meus_,
+modifying dies.
+
+11. Liceat mihi, 'permit me,' literally 'let it be permitted to me.'
+Commands and entreaties in the third person are regularly expressed in
+the subjunctive.
+
+dum vivam, 'so long as I live.' The verb with _dum_ 'so long as' is not
+restricted to the present, as with _dum_ 'while,' but any tense of the
+indicative may be used. We have here the future indicative, or the
+present subjunctive by attraction.
+
+12. tu. The nominative of the personal pronouns is commonly expressed
+only when emphatic. Here the use of the pronoun makes the promise more
+positive.
+
+15. rem aegre tulit, 'was vexed.' Compare 39, 10.
+
+20. Vultisne, the verb _vultis_ and the enclitic _-ne_, which is used to
+introduce a question, and is incapable of translation. Num (line 21)
+introduces a question to which a negative answer is expected, and is
+likewise not to be translated, except in so far as its effect is
+reproduced by the form of the question or the tone of incredulity with
+which the words are spoken.
+
+28. effervesceret. See the note on 40, 16.
+
+45. 3. stupentes, 'in amazement.'
+
+5. Vos. See the note on 44, 12. Vos and ego in the next sentence are
+contrasted.
+
+7. Quod ubi. See the note on 28, 8.
+
+10. necaverunt. See the note on _interfecit_, 13, 18.
+
+13. quibus. For the case see the note on _quibus_, 34, 27.
+
+15. re vera, 'really.'
+
+18. aegre tulerunt, 'were indignant at.' Compare 39, 10, and 44, 15.
+
+23. Creonti. See the note on _cui erant_, 13, 5.
+
+25. nuntium, 'a notice of divorce.'
+
+26. duceret. See the note on _duxit_, 6, 18.
+
+28. ulturam. See the note on 39, 1.
+
+46. 1. Vestem. Compare the story of the death of Hercules, pp. 30, 31.
+
+3. quis. See the note on 30, 3.
+
+induisset, subjunctive by attraction.
+
+5. nihil mali. See the note on 22, 26.
+
+16. itaque, not the adverb _itaque_, but the adverb _ita_ and the
+enclitic conjunction _-que_.
+
+aera. See the note on 4, 11.
+
+21. in eam partem, 'to that side.'
+
+
+ULYSSES
+
+49. 4. insidias. This refers to the story of the wooden horse.
+
+9. quem, subject of excogitasse. The English idiom is 'who, some say,
+devised.' Notice that excogitasse is contracted from _excogitavisse_.
+
+10. quo, ablative of means.
+
+19. aliae ... partis, 'some in one direction and some in another,' but
+Latin compresses this into the one clause 'others in other directions.'
+
+20. qua. See the note on 43, 6.
+
+26. quibusdam, dative with obviam facti, 'having fallen in with,' 'having
+met.'
+
+27. Accidit. See the note on 30, 1.
+
+50. 2. gustassent, contracted from _gustavissent_.
+
+patriae et sociorum. Verbs of remembering and forgetting take the
+genitive or the accusative, but _obliviscor_ prefers the former.
+
+4. cibo. See the note on 16, 19.
+
+5. hora septima. See the note on 42, 23.
+
+11. docuerunt. See the note on 4, 26.
+
+51. 6. tantum, the adverb.
+
+23. se, 'they,' _i.e_. himself and his companions.
+
+praedandi causa, 'to steal.' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by
+_causa_ with the genitive of the gerund or gerundive. What other ways of
+expressing purpose have you met in your reading?
+
+24. a Troia. The preposition is sometimes used with names of towns, with
+the meaning 'from the direction of' or 'from the neighborhood of.'
+
+25. esse. It will help you to understand indirect discourse if you will
+try to discover what words would be used to express the idea in the
+direct form. Here, for instance, the exact words of Ulysses would have
+been in Latin: _Neque mercatores sumus neque praedandi causa venimus; sed
+a Troia redeuntes vi tempestatum a recto cursu depulsi sumus_.
+
+27. ubi ... essent. The question of Polyphemus was _Ubi est navis qua
+vecti estis_?
+
+sibi ... esse, 'that he must be exceedingly careful.' See the note on
+_maturandum sibi_, 42, 12.
+
+29. in ... esse, 'had been driven on the rocks and entirely dashed to
+pieces.' See the note on _ira ... interfecit_, 18, 4.
+
+52. 1. membris eorum divulsis, 'tearing them limb from limb.'
+
+4. ne ... quidem. See the note on 34, 25.
+
+6. tam. Notice that the force of a second demonstrative word is lost in
+the English rendering. So _hic tantus vir_, 'this great man,' etc.
+
+7. humi. See the note on 30, 16.
+
+prostratus, 'throwing himself down.' See the note on _continebantur_,
+20, 26.
+
+8. rei gerendae, 'for action.' Compare 39, 8.
+
+9. in eo ... transfigeret, 'was on the point of transfixing.' The clause
+of result ut ... transfigeret is explanatory of in eo.
+
+13. nihil sibi profuturum. See the note on 43, 25.
+
+17. hoc conatu. See the note on 13, 11.
+
+18. nulla ... oblata, 'since no hope of safety presented itself.' See the
+note on _continebantur_, 20, 26.
+
+21. et. See the note on 28, 18.
+
+23. laturi essent, 'would bring,' more literally 'were going to bring.'
+Notice that in subjunctive constructions the periphrastic form is
+necessary to express future action clearly, since the subjunctive has no
+future.
+
+25. quod, object of the implied _fecerat_.
+
+53. 14. quo. See the note on 43, 7.
+
+15. id ... saluti, 'and this was his salvation,' literally 'that which
+was for safety to him.' For the datives see the note on 13, 16.
+
+20. tertium, the adverb.
+
+22. Neminem. Why is the accusative used?
+
+27. inquit. See the note on 14, 28.
+
+28. quam facultatem, for _facultatem quam_. The antecedent is often thus
+attracted into the relative clause,
+
+ne omittamus, 'let us not neglect,' the hortatory subjunctive.
+
+29. rei gerendae. See the note on 52, 8.
+
+54. 1. extremum palum, 'the end of the stake.' Other adjectives denoting
+a part of the object named by the noun they modify are _medius_, 'the
+middle of'; _ceterus_, 'the rest of'; _reliquus_, 'the rest of';
+_primus_, 'the first of'; _summus_, 'the top of'; _imus_, 'the bottom
+of.'
+
+5. dum errat, 'wandering.'
+
+23. pecus. Is this _pecus, pecoris_, or _pecus, pecudis_? See the note on
+_pecora_, 20, 26.
+
+24. venerat. We say 'came,' but the Latin by the use of the pluperfect
+denotes that this action preceded that of tractabat.
+
+55. 1. quas. See the note on _quibus_, 20, 1.
+
+inter se. Compare 21, 20.
+
+5. fore, 'would happen.'
+
+15. aliquod. Compare 42, 12, and the note.
+
+16. id ... erat, 'as was indeed the case.'
+
+17. auxiliandi causa. See the note on 51, 23.
+
+26. correptum coniecit, 'seized and threw.'
+
+27. non ... submergerentur. See the note on 37, 7.
+
+56. 4-6. These verses and those on p. 57 and p. 59 are quoted from
+Vergil's Aeneid.
+
+6. vinclis, for _vinculis_.
+
+8. viris. Let the quantity of the first _i_ tell you from what nominative
+this word comes.
+
+11. sibi proficiscendum. See the note on _maturandum sibi_, 42, 12.
+
+13. iam profecturo, 'as he was now about to set out.'
+
+16. naviganti, 'to one sailing.'
+
+25. mirabantur, 'had been wondering.' With iam dudum and similar
+expressions the imperfect denotes action begun some time before and still
+going on at the given past time. This is similar to the use of the
+present already commented on (see the note on _es_, 4, 1).
+
+28. celata, plural because of the plural expression aurum et argentum.
+
+57. 1. venti, subject of ruunt and perflant.
+
+2. velut agmine facto, 'as if formed in column.'
+
+3. data. _Est_ is omitted.
+
+10. proiecissent. See the note on _accepissent_, 26, 21.
+
+13. in terram egrediendum esse, 'that a landing must be made.'
+
+18. quam, an adverb modifying crudeli.
+
+19. essent, informal indirect discourse or subjunctive by attraction.
+
+20. vellet, subjunctive of characteristic. This name is given to the
+subjunctive when used in relative clauses to define or restrict an
+indefinite or general antecedent. So here it is not 'no one was found,'
+but 'no one willing to undertake this task was found.'
+
+21. deducta est, 'came.'
+
+23. praeesset, subjunctive of purpose.
+
+25. evenit. This verb takes the same construction as _accidit_, 30, 1.
+
+58. 1. nihil. See the note on 37, 22.
+
+2. morti. Compare 49, 26.
+
+5. aliquantum itineris, 'some distance on the journey.' The two words are
+accusative of extent of space and partitive genitive respectively.
+
+11. sibi, 'for them,' dative of reference.
+
+12. foris. This is translated like foras above, but the former was
+originally locative and is therefore used with verbs of rest; the latter,
+accusative of place whither and therefore used with verbs of motion.
+
+15. accubuerunt. See the note on 37, 6.
+
+25. perturbatus, used as a predicate adjective, 'agitated.'
+
+27. correpto. See the note on 38, 8.
+
+59. 1. quid. See the note on _quis_, 30, 3.
+
+gravius, 'serious.'
+
+ei. The direct form of these two speeches would be: _Si quid gravius tibi
+acciderit, omnium salus in summo discrimine erit_; and _Neminem invitum
+mecum adducam; tibi licet, si mavis, in navi manere; ego ipse sine ullo
+praesidio rem suscipiam_. Notice that _ego_ is not used to represent _se_
+of line 2, but is used for _se_ of line 4 for the sake of the contrast
+with _tibi_.
+
+6. nullo. Instead of the genitive and ablative of _nemo_, _nullius_ and
+_nullo_ are regularly used.
+
+7. Aliquantum itineris. See the note on 58, 5.
+
+10. in eo ... intraret. See the note on 52, 9.
+
+11. ei. Compare 49, 26, and 58, 2.
+
+14. Circes, a Greek form of the genitive.
+
+16. Num. See the note on 44, 20. Nonne (line 14) is used to introduce a
+question to which an affirmative answer is expected.
+
+18. nullis. See the note on 24, 3.
+
+22. tetigerit. See the note on 30, 20.
+
+tu ... facias, 'see that you draw your sword and make an attack upon
+her.'
+
+24. visus, 'sight,' The use of the plural is poetic.
+
+25. tenuem ... auram. The order of the words here is poetic.
+
+60. 1. atque, 'as.' After adjectives and adverbs denoting likeness and
+unlikeness, this use of _atque_ is regular.
+
+3. depulsa est. See the note on 4, 26.
+
+4. sibi. See the note on 58, 11.
+
+11. ut ... erat, 'as he had been instructed,' more literally 'as had been
+enjoined upon him.' An intransitive verb must be used impersonally in the
+passive, for it is the direct object of the active voice that becomes the
+subject of the passive. If the intransitive verb takes a dative in the
+active, this dative is kept in the passive. Notice that the corresponding
+English verbs are transitive, and that the dative may therefore be
+rendered as the object in the active construction and as the subject in
+the passive.
+
+13. sensisset. See the note on _vidissent_, 36, 15.
+
+14. sibi vitam adimeret, 'take her life.' The dative of reference is thus
+used after some compound verbs to name the person from whom a thing is
+taken. This construction is sometimes called the dative of separation.
+
+15. timore perterritam. See the note on 14, 11.
+
+20. ei pedes, 'his feet.' See the note on 44, 10.
+
+21. imperasset, contracted from _imperavisset_.
+
+22. in atrium. See the note on 7, 3.
+
+26. sunt, goes with reducti.
+
+29. reliquis Graecis, indirect object of diceret.
+
+30. Circaeam. Notice that this use of the adjective instead of the
+genitive often cannot be imitated in the English rendering, but must be
+translated by the possessive case or a prepositional phrase.
+
+61. 8. ei persuasum sit, 'he was persuaded.' See the note on 60, 11. The
+clause ut ... maneret is the subject of persuasum sit; if the latter were
+active, the clause would be its object. For the tense of persuasum sit
+see the note on 19, 22.
+
+10. consumpserat. See the note on 14, 3.
+
+patriae, objective genitive, to be rendered, as often, with 'for.'
+
+15. usui. See the note on 34, 20.
+
+23. antequam perveniret. We say 'before he could come.' See the note on
+_possent_, 27, 20.
+
+24. hoc loco. See the note on 24, 2.
+
+longum est. We say '_would_ be tedious' or '_would_ take too long.'
+
+
+
+
+VOCABULARY
+
+
+ABBREVIATIONS
+
+abl. = ablative.
+acc. = accusative.
+act. = active.
+adj. = adjective.
+adv. = adverb.
+comp. = comparative.
+conj. = conjunction.
+dat. = dative.
+dem. = demonstrative.
+f. = feminine.
+freq. = frequentative.
+gen. = genitive.
+ger. = gerundive.
+impers. = impersonal.
+indecl. = indeclinable.
+indef. = indefinite.
+infin. = infinitive.
+interrog. = interrogative.
+loc. = locative.
+m. = masculine.
+n. = neuter.
+part. = participle.
+pass. = passive.
+perf. = perfect.
+pers. = personal.
+plur. = plural.
+prep. = preposition.
+pron. = pronoun or pronominal.
+rel. = relative.
+sing. = singular.
+superl. = superlative.
+
+_The hyphen in initial words indicates the composition of the words_.
+
+
+A
+
+a or ab (the former never used before words beginning with a
+    vowel or _h_), prep. with abl., _away from, from; of; by_.
+abditus, -a, -um [part of abdo], _hidden, concealed_.
+ab-do, -dere, -didi, -ditus, _put away, hide_.
+ab-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus, _lead_ or _take away_.
+ab-eo, -ire, -ii, -iturus, _go away, depart_.
+abicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [ab + iacio], _throw away_.
+abripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptus [ab + rapio], _snatch away, carry off_.
+abscido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus [abs = ab + caedo], _cut away_ or _off_.
+ab-scindo, -scindere, -scidi, -scissus, _tear away_ or _off_.
+ab-sum, abesse, afui, afuturus, _be away, be absent, be distant; be
+    wanting_.
+ab-sumo, -sumere, -sumpsi, -sumptus, _take away, consume, destroy_.
+Absyrtus, -i, m., _Absyrtus_.
+ac, see atque.
+Acastus, -i, m., _Acastus_.
+accendo, -cendere, -cendi, -census, _kindle, light_.
+accido, -cidere, -cidi [ad + cado], _fall to_ or _upon; befall, happen_.
+accipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus [ad + capio], _take to oneself, receive,
+    accept; hear; suffer_.
+accumbo, -cumbere, -cubui, -cubitus, _lie down_ (at table).
+accurro, -currere, -curri, -cursus [ad + curro], _run to, come up_.
+acer, acris, acre, _sharp, shrill_.
+acies, -ei, f., _line of battle_.
+Acrisius, -i, m., _Acrisius_.
+acriter [acer], adv., _sharply, fiercely_.
+ad, prep. with acc., _to, toward; at, near; for_.
+ad-amo, -amare, -amavi, -amatus, _feel love for, fall in love with_.
+ad-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus, _lead to, bring, take; induce,
+    influence_.
+ad-eo, -ire, -ii, -itus, _go to, approach_.
+ad-fero, adferre, attuli, adlatus, _bear to, bring_.
+adficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [ad + facio], _do to, move, affect;
+    visit, afflict_.
+ad-fligo, -fligere, -flixi, -flictus, _dash to, shatter_.
+adhibeo, -hibere, -hibui, -hibitus [ad + habeo], _hold to, employ, show_.
+ad-huc, adv., _to this point, up to this time, yet, still_.
+adicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [ad + iacio], _throw to, throw, hurl_.
+adimo, -imere, -emi, -emptus [ad + emo], _take to oneself, take away_.
+aditus, -us [adeo], m., _approach, entrance_.
+ad-iungo, -iungere, -iunxi, -iunctus, _join to, join_.
+ad-ligo, -ligare, -ligavi, -ligatus, _bind to, bind_.
+Admeta, -ae, f., _Admeta_.
+ad-miror, -mirari, -miratus, _wonder at, admire_.
+ad-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send to, admit; allow_.
+ad-sto, -stare, -stiti, _stand at_ or _near_.
+adulescens, -entis, m., _youth, young man_.
+adulescentia, -ae [adulescens], f., _youth_.
+ad-uro, -urere, -ussi, -ustus, _set fire to, burn, scorch, sear_.
+ad-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventus, _come to_ or _toward, approach,
+    arrive_.
+adventus, -us [advenio], m., _approach, arrival_.
+Aeacus, -i, m., _Aeacus_.
+aedifico, -are, -avi, -atus [aedis + facio], _make a building, build_.
+aedis, -is, f., sing. _temple_, plur. _house_.
+Aeetes, -ae, m., _Aeetes_.
+aegre [aeger, _sick_], adv., _ill, with difficulty_.
+Aegyptii,-orum, m. pl., _Egyptians_.
+aeneus, -a, -um [aes], _of copper_ or _bronze_.
+Aeolia, -ae [Aeolus], f., _Aeolia_.
+Aeolus, -i, m., _Aeolus_.
+aer, aeris, m., _air_.
+aes, aeris, n., _copper, bronze_.
+Aeson, -onis, m., _Aeson_.
+aestas, -tatis, f., _summer_.
+aetas, -tatis, f., _age_.
+Aethiopes, -um, m. plur., _Ethiopians_.
+Aetna, -ae, f., _Etna_.
+ager, agri, m., _field, land_.
+agmen, -minis [ago], n., _band, column_.
+agnosco, -gnoscere, -gnovi, -gnitus [ad + (g)nosco, _come to know],
+    recognize_.
+ago, agere, egi, actus, _drive; do; pass, lead_; gratias agere, see
+    gratia.
+ala, -ae, f., _wing_.
+albus, -a, -um, _white_.
+Alcmena, -ae, f., _Alcmena_.
+alienus, -a, -um [alius], _belonging to another, out of place_.
+ali-quando, adv., _at some time or other; finally, at length_.
+ali-quantum, -quanti, n., _somewhat_.
+ali-qui, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj., _some, any_.
+ali-quis, -quid, indef. pron., _someone, any one, something, anything,
+    some, any_.
+aliter [alius], adv., _in another way, otherwise, differently_.
+alius, -a, -ud, _another, other_; alii ... alii, _some ... others.
+alo, -ere, -ui, -tus, _nourish_.
+Alpes, -ium, f. plur., _Alps_.
+alter, -era, -erum, _one_ or _the other_ (of two); _another, second_.
+altus, -a, -um [part, of alo], _high, deep_; altum, -i, n., _the deep_.
+Amazones,-um, f. plur.,_Amazons_.
+amentia, -ae [a + mens, _mind_], f., _madness_.
+amicus, -i, m., _friend_.
+a-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send away, lose_.
+amo, -are, -avi, -atus, _love_.
+amor, -oris [amo], m., _love_.
+a-moveo, -movere, -movi, -motus, _move away_.
+amphora, -ae, f., _jar, bottle_.
+an, conj., _or_ (in questions).
+ancora, -ae, f., _anchor_; in ancoris, _at anchor_.
+Andromeda, -ae, f., _Andromeda_.
+anguis, -is, m. and f., _serpent, snake_.
+anima, -ae, f., _breath, soul, life_.
+animadverto, -vertere, -verti, -versus [animus + ad-verto], _turn the
+    mind to, observe_.
+animus, -i, m., _mind; heart; spirit, courage_.
+annus, -i, m., _year_.
+ante, prep, with acc. and adv., _before_.
+antea [ante], adv., _before_.
+antecello, -cellere, _surpass, excel_.
+ante-quam, conj., _before than, sooner than, before_.
+antiquus, -a, -um, _ancient_.
+antrum, -i, n., _cave_.
+anxius, -a, -um, _anxious_.
+aper, apri, m., _wild boar_.
+aperio, -ire, -ui, -tus, _open_.
+apertus, -a, -um [part, of aperio], _open_.
+Apollo, -inis, m., _Apollo_.
+appello, -pellare, -pellavi, -pellatus, _call, name_.
+appello, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus [ad + pello], _drive to, bring to_;
+    with or without navem, _put in_.
+appeto, -petere, -petivi, -petitus [ad + peto], _draw near_.
+appono, -ponere, -posui, -positus [ad + pono], _put to_ or _near, set
+    before, serve_.
+appropinquo, -propinquare, -propinquavi, -propinquatus [ad + propinquo],
+    _approach to, approach_.
+apud, prep, with acc., _among, with_.
+aqua, -ae, f., _water_.
+ara, -ae, f., _altar_.
+arbitror, -ari, -atus, _consider, think, judge_.
+arbor, -oris, f., _tree_.
+arca, -ae, f., _chest, box, ark_.
+Arcadia,-ae, f., _Arcadia_.
+arcesso, -ere, -ivi, -itus, _call, summon, fetch_.
+arcus, -us, m., _bow_.
+ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsus, _be on fire, burn_.
+argentum, -i, n., _silver_.
+Argo, Argus, f., _the Argo_.
+Argolicus, -a, -um, _of Argolis_ (the district of Greece in which Tiryns
+    was situated), _Argolic_.
+Argonautae, -arum [Argo + nauta], m. plur., _Argonauts_.
+Argus, -i, m., _Argus_.
+aries, -etis, m., _ram_.
+arma, -orum, n. plur., _arms, weapons_.
+armatus, -a, -um [part, of armo], _armed_.
+armo, -are, -avi, -atus [arma], _arm, equip_.
+aro, -are, -avi, -atus, _plow_.
+ars, artis, f., _art_.
+ascendo, -scendere, -scendi, -scensus [ad + scando], _climb to, ascend,
+    mount_.
+aspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus [ad + specio], _look at_ or _on,
+    behold_.
+at, conj., _but_.
+Athenae, -arum, f. plur., _Athens_.
+Atlas, -antis, m., _Atlas_.
+atque or ac (the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel
+    or _h_), conj., _and_; after words of comparison, _as, than_.
+atrium, -i, n., _hall_.
+attingo, -tingere, -tigi, -tactus [ad + tango], _touch at_.
+audacia, -ae [audax, _bold_], f., _boldness, audacity_.
+audeo, audere, ausus sum, _dare_.
+audio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, _hear; listen_ or _attend to_.
+aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus [ab + fero], _bear away, carry off_.
+aufugio, -fugere, -fugi [ab + fugio], _flee_ or _run away_.
+Augeas, -ae, m., _Augeas_.
+aura, -ae, f., _air, breeze_.
+aureus, -a, -um [aurum], _of gold, golden_.
+auris, -is, f., _ear_.
+aurum, -i, n., _gold_.
+aut, conj., _or_; aut ... aut, _either ... or_.
+autem, conj., _moreover; but, however; now_.
+auxilior, -ari, -atus [auxilium], _help_.
+auxilium, -i, n., _help, aid_.
+a-veho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectus, _carry away_.
+avis, -is, f., _bird_.
+a-volo, -volare, -volavi, -volaturus, _fly away_.
+avus, -i, m., _grandfather_.
+
+B
+
+baculum, -i, n., _stick, wand_.
+balteus, -i, m.., _belt, girdle_.
+barbarus, -a, -um, _barbarian_.
+beatus, -a, -um, _happy, blessed_.
+bellicosus, -a, -um [bellum], _war-like_.
+bellum, -i, n., _war_.
+belua, -ae, f., _beast, monster_.
+bene [bonus], adv., _well; successfully_.
+beneficium, -i [bene + facio], n., _well-doing, kindness, service,
+    benefit_.
+benigne [benignus, _kind_], adv., _kindly_.
+benignitas, -tatis [benignus, _kind_], f., _kindness_.
+bibo, bibere, bibi, _drink_.
+biceps, -cipitis [bi- + caput], adj., _two-headed_.
+bonus, -a, -um, _good_.
+bos, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bobus, m. and f., _ox,
+    bull, cow_.
+bracchium, -i, n., _arm_.
+brevis, -e, _short_.
+Busiris, -idis, m., _Busiris_.
+
+C
+
+Cacus, -i, m., _Cacus_.
+cadaver, -eris, n., _dead body, corpse, carcass_.
+cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus, _fall_.
+caecus, -a, -um, _blind_.
+caedes, -is [caedo, _cut_], f., _cutting down, killing, slaughter_.
+caelum, -i, n., _heaven, sky_.
+Calais, -is, m., _Calais_.
+calamitas, -tatis, f., _misfortune, calamity, disaster_.
+calceus, -i, m., _shoe_.
+calefacio, -facere, -feci, -factus [caleo, _be hot_ + facio], _make hot_.
+calor, -oris [caleo, _be hot_], m., _heat_.
+campus, -i, m., _plain, field_.
+cancer, cancri, m., _crab_.
+canis, -is, m. and f., _dog_.
+canto, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of cano, _sing_], _sing_.
+cantus, -us [cano, _sing_], m., _singing, song_.
+capio, capere, cepi, captus, _take, catch, seize; receive, suffer;
+    adopt_.
+captivus, -a, -um [capio], _captive_.
+caput, capitis, n., _head_.
+carcer, -eris, m., _prison_.
+carmen, -minis [cano, _sing_], n., _song, charm_.
+caro, carnis, f., _flesh_.
+carpo, -ere, -si, -tus, _pluck_.
+Castor, -oris, m., _Castor_.
+castra, -orum, n. plur., _camp_.
+casu [abl. of casus], adv., _by chance, accidentally_.
+casus, -us [cado], m., _fall; chance, accident_.
+catena, -ae, f., _chain_.
+cauda, -ae, f., _tail_.
+causa, -ae, f., _cause, reason_; abl. causa, _for the sake of_.
+caveo, cavere, cavi, cautus, _beware, take care; be on one's guard
+    against, beware of_.
+celeber, celebris, celebre, _frequented; renowned, celebrated_.
+celeritas, -tatis [celer, _swift_], f., _swiftness, quickness, speed_.
+celeriter [celer, _swift_], adv., _swiftly, quickly_.
+celo, -are, -avi, -atus, _hide, conceal_.
+cena, -ae, f., _dinner_.
+cenaculum, -i [cena], n., _dining-room_.
+Cenaeum, -i, n., _Cenaeum_ (a promontory of Euboea).
+ceno, -are, -avi, -atus [cena], _dine_.
+censeo, censere, censui, census, _think, believe, consider_.
+centaurus, -i, m., _centaur_.
+centum, indecl. adj., _one hundred_.
+Cepheus, -i, m., _Cepheus_.
+Cerberus, -i, m., _Cerberus_.
+Ceres, Cereris, f., _Ceres_.
+cerno, cernere, crevi, certus or cretus, _discern, perceive, make out_.
+certamen, -minis [certo, _strive_], n., _struggle, contest_.
+certo [abl. of certus], adv., _with certainty, for certain, certainly_.
+certus, -a, -um [part. of cerno], _determined, fixed, certain_; certiorem
+    facere, _to make more certain, inform_.
+cervus, -i, m., _stag_.
+ceteri, -ae, -a, plur. adj., _the other, the remaining, the rest of_.
+Charon, -ontis, m., _Charon_.
+cibus, -i, m., _food_.
+cingo, cingere, cinxi, cinctus, _surround, gird_.
+Circe, -es, f., _Circe_.
+Circaeus, -a, -um [Circe], _of Circe_.
+circiter, prep. with acc. and adv., _about_.
+circum, prep. with acc., _around_.
+circum-do, -dare, -dedi, -datus, _put around, surround_.
+circum-sto, -stare, -steti, _stand around_.
+citerior, -ius [comp. from citra, _on this side of_], adj., _on this
+    side, hither_.
+cithara, -ae, f., _cithara, lute, lyre_.
+citharoedus, -i [cithara], m., _citharoedus_ (one who sings to the
+    accompaniment of the cithara).
+civis, -is, m. and f., _citizen, fellow-citizen, subject_.
+civitas, -tatis [civis], f., _state_.
+clamito, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of clamo, _call out_], _call out_.
+clamor, -oris [clamo, _call out_], m., _shout, cry_.
+clava, -ae, f., _club_.
+clementia, -ae [clemens, _merciful_], f., _mercy, kindness_.
+coepi, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action), _have
+    begun, began_.
+cogito, -are, -avi, -atus, _consider, think over_.
+cognosco, -gnoscere, -gnovi, -gnitus [com- + (g)nosco, _come to know_],
+    _find out, learn_; in tenses of completed action, _have found out,
+    know_.
+cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus [co- + ago], _drive together, collect;
+    compel_.
+co-hortor, -hortari, -hortatus, _encourage, exhort_.
+Colchi, -orum, m. plur., _Colchians_.
+Colchis, -idis, f., _Colchis_.
+collum, -i, n., _neck_.
+colo, colere, colui, cultus, _till, cultivate; inhabit; worship_.
+color, -oris, m., _color_.
+columba, -ae, f., _pigeon, dove_.
+columna, -ae, f., _column, pillar_.
+comes, -itis [com- + eo], m. and f., _companion_.
+commeatus, -us, m., _supplies, provisions_.
+com-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send together; commit, intrust;
+    expose_; proelium committere, _to join battle_.
+com-moror, -morari, -moratus, _tarry, linger, delay, stay_.
+com-moveo, -movere, -movi, -motus, _move, rouse; disturb_.
+com-mutatio, -tionis, f., _change_.
+com-paro, -parare, -paravi, -paratus, _prepare, collect_.
+com-pello, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus, _drive together, drive_.
+complector, -plecti, -plexus, _embrace_.
+com-pleo, -plere, -plevi, -pletus, _fill full, fill up_.
+com-plures, -plura, plur. adj., _several, many_.
+com-porto, -portare, -portavi, -portatus, _carry_ or _bring together,
+    collect_.
+com-prehendo, -prehendere, -prehendi, -prehensus, _seize, catch_.
+comprimo, -primere, -pressi, -pressus [com- + premo], _press together,
+    squeeze, compress_.
+conatus, -us [conor], m., _attempt, effort_.
+con-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessus, _grant, yield_.
+con-curro, -currere, -curri, -cursus, _run, rush_, or _dash together_.
+con-do, -dere, -didi, -ditus, _put together, found; store away_.
+con-fero, conferre, contuli, conlatus, _bring together; grant, confer_;
+    se conferre, _to betake oneself, make one's way_.
+conficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [com- + facio], _make_ or _do
+    completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out_.
+con-firmo, -firmare, -firmavi, -firmatus, _strengthen, establish;
+    declare, assert_.
+con-fligo, -fligere, -flixi, -flictus, _dash together_.
+conicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [com- + iacio], _throw together; throw,
+    cast, hurl_.
+con-iungo, -iungere, -iunxi, -iunctus, _join together, join_.
+coniunx, coniugis [coniungo], m. and f., _spouse, husband, wife_.
+conligo, -ligere, -legi, -lectus [com- + lego], _gather together,
+    collect_.
+con-loco, -locare, -locavi, -locatus, _place together, put, place_.
+conloquium, -i [conloquor, _talk together_], n., _conversation_.
+conor, -ari, -atus, _try, attempt_.
+conscendo, -scendere, -scendi, -scensus [com- + scando, _climb_],
+    _climb_; navem conscendere, _to climb the ship, go on board, embark_.
+consensus, -us [consentio, _agree]_, m., _agreement, consent_.
+con-sequor, -sequi, -secutus, _follow up, follow; overtake_.
+con-servo, -servare, -servavi, -servatus, _preserve, keep_.
+con-sido, -sidere, -sedi, -sessus, _sit down_.
+consilium, -i [consulo], n., _advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence_.
+con-sisto, -sistere, -stiti, -stitus, _station oneself, take one's stand;
+    consist_.
+conspectus, -us [conspicio], m., _sight_.
+conspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus [com- + specio, _look_], _behold,
+    perceive, see_.
+constituo, -stituere, -stitui, -stitutus [com- + statuo], _set together_
+    or _up; appoint; determine_.
+con-sto, -stare, -stiti, -staturus, _stand together, agree; consist_;
+constat, _it is agreed, is well known_.
+con-suesco, -suescere, -suevi, -suetus, _become accustomed_; in tenses of
+    completed action, _have become accustomed, be accustomed_ or _wont_.
+consulo, -ere, -ui, -tus, _consult_.
+con-sumo, -sumere, -sumpsi, -sumptus, _take completely, use up, consume,
+    spend_.
+con-tego, -tegere, -texi, -tectus, _cover_.
+con-tendo, -tendere, -tendi, -tentus, _stretch, hasten_.
+continens, -entis [contineo], f., _'mainland, continent_.
+contineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentus [com- + teneo], _hold together, keep
+    within, shut up in; bound_.
+continuus, -a, -um [contineo], _continuous, successive_.
+contra, prep, with acc., _against, contrary to_.
+controversia, -ae, f., _quarrel, dispute, debate_.
+con-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventus, _come together, assemble_.
+con-verto, -vertere, -verti, -versus, _turn round, turn, change_; in
+    fugam convertere, _to put to flight_.
+con-voco, -vocare, -vocavi, -vocatus, _call together, summon, assemble_.
+co-orior, -oriri, -ortus, _arise_.
+copia, -ae, f., _supply, abundance_; plur., _forces, troops_.
+Corinthus, -i, m., _Corinth_.
+corium, -i, n., _hide, leather_.
+cornu, -us, n., _horn_.
+corpus, corporis, n., _body_.
+corripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptus [com- + rapio], _seize, snatch,
+    snatch up_.
+cottidie, adv., _daily, every day_.
+credibilis, -e [credo], _credible_.
+credo, -dere, -didi, -ditus, _believe_.
+creo, -are, -avi, -atus, _elect, appoint_.
+Creon, -ontis, m., _Creon_.
+crepitus, -us [crepo, _rattle_], m., _rattle, clatter_.
+crepundia, -orum [crepo, _rattle_], n. plur., _rattle_.
+Creta, -ae, f., _Crete_.
+cruciatus, -us [crucio, _torture_], m., _torture_.
+crudelis, -e, _cruel_.
+crus, cruris, n., _leg_.
+cubiculum, -i [cubo], n., _bedroom_.
+cubo, -are, -ui, _lie down, lie, recline_.
+culter, cultri, m., _knife_.
+cum, prep, with abl., _with_.
+cum, conj., _when, while, after; since; although_.
+cunae, -arum, f. plur., _cradle_.
+cupiditas, -tatis [cupidus], f., _desire, longing, eagerness_.
+cupidus, -a, -um [cupio], _desirous, eager_.
+cupio, -ere, -ivi, -itus, _desire, long for, wish_.
+cur, adv., _why_.
+curro, currere, cucurri, cursus, run.
+cursus, -us, m., _chariot_.
+cursus, -us [curro], m., _running_, _course_.
+custodio, -ire, -ivi, -itus [custos, _guard], guard_.
+Cyclops, -is, m., _Cyclops_
+Cyzicus, -i, f., _Cyzicus_.
+
+D
+
+damnum, -i, n., _harm, injury_.
+Danae, -es, f., _Danae_.
+de, prep, with abl., _down from_, _from, out of; about, concerning_,
+    _of_.
+debeo, -ere, -ui, -itus [de+ habeo], _owe_; with infin., _ought_.
+debitus, -a, -um [part, of debeo], _owed, due_.
+de-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessus, _go away, depart_.
+decem, indecl. adj., _ten_.
+decido, -cidere, -cidi [de + cado], _fall down_.
+decimus, -a, -um [decem], _tenth_.
+decipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus [de + capio], _catch, deceive_.
+decoro, -are, -avi, -atus [decus, _adornment], adorn, distinguish_.
+de-curro, -currere, -cucurri, -cursus, _run down_.
+de-decus, -decoris, n., _dishonor_, _disgrace_.
+de-do, -dere, -didi, -ditus, _give_ _away_ or _up_.
+de-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus, _lead down_ or _away, bring_; navem
+    deducere, _to draw down_ or _launch a ship_.
+de-fendo, -fendere, -fendi, -fensus, _ward off; defend_.
+de-fero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus, _bear_ or _carry away_ or _off_.
+de-fessus, -a, -um, _worn out_, _exhausted_.
+deficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [de + facio], _fail_.
+Deianira, -ae, f., _Dejanira_.
+deicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [de + iacio], _throw down, cast, drive out
+    of one's course_.
+deinde, adv., _then, next_.
+de-labor, -labi, -lapsus, _slip_ or _fall down_.
+deligo, -ligere, -legi, -lectus [de + lego], _choose out, choose,
+    select_.
+Delphi, -orum, m. plur., _Delphi_.
+Delphicus, -a, -um [Delphi], _of Delphi, Delphic, Delphian_.
+demissus, -a, -um [part. of demitto], _downcast, dejected_.
+de-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send down, let fall_; animos
+    demittere, _to lose courage_.
+de-monstro, -monstrare, -monstravi, -monstratus, _point out, show; make
+    known_.
+demum, adv., _at last_.
+denique, adv., _lastly, finally_.
+dens, dentis, m., _tooth_.
+densus, -a, -um, _thick_.
+de-pello, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus, _drive off_ or _away, drive_.
+de-ploro, -plorare, -ploravi, -ploratus, _lament_.
+de-pono, -ponere, -posui, -positus, _put down, deposit; lay aside, give
+    up_; e memoria deponere, _to forget_.
+deripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptus [de + rapio], _snatch away, tear off,
+    pull down_.
+descendo, -scendere, -scendi, -scensus [de + scando], _climb down,
+    descend_.
+de-sero, -serere, -serui, -sertus, _desert_.
+desertus, -a, -um [part, of desero], _deserted_.
+desiderium, -i [desidero, _desire]_, n., _desire, longing_.
+desilio, -silire, -silui, -sultus [de + salio], _leap down_.
+de-sisto, -sistere, -stiti, -stitus, _set down; leave off, desist, cease,
+    stop_.
+de-spero, -sperare, -speravi, -speratus, _despair_.
+de-super, adv., _down from above_.
+de-terreo, -terrere, -terrui, -territus, _frighten off, deter_.
+de-traho, -trahere, -traxi, -tractus, _draw_ or _pull off_.
+deus, -i, m., _god_.
+de-verto, -vertere, -verti, _turn away_ or _aside_.
+de-voro, -vorare, -voravi, -voratus, _swallow down, swallow, devour_.
+dexter, -tra, -trum, _right_.
+dextra, -ae [dexter], f., _right hand_ (manus understood).
+Diana, -ae, f., _Diana_.
+dico, dicere, dixi, dictus, _say, speak_; diem dicere, _to appoint_ or
+    _set a day_.
+dies, -ei, m. and f., _day_.
+difficilis, -e [dis- + facilis], _not easy, difficult_.
+difficultas, -tatis [difficilis], f., _difficulty_.
+diffundo, -fundere, -fudi, -fusus [dis- + fundo], _pour forth, spread_ or
+    _shed abroad, diffuse_.
+diligenter [diligens, _careful_], adv., _carefully, diligently_.
+diligentia, -ae [diligens, _careful_], f., _care, diligence, industry_.
+di-lucesco, -lucescere, -luxi, _grow light, dawn_.
+dilucide [dilucidus, _distinct_], adv., _distinctly, plainly_.
+di-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send different ways, send forth_ or
+    _away, despatch; let slip, lose_.
+Diomedes, -is, m., _Diomedes_.
+dirus, -a, -um, _dreadful_.
+dis-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw, depart_.
+disco, discere, didici, _learn_.
+discrimen, -criminis, n., _crisis, peril, danger_.
+discus, -i, m., _discus, quoit_.
+disicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [dis- + iacio], _throw apart, scatter_.
+diu, adv., _for a long time, a long time_ or _while, long_; comp.
+diutius, _longer_.
+di-vello, -vellere, -velli, -vulsus, _tear apart, rend asunder, tear in
+    pieces_.
+diversus, -a, -um [part. of diverto], _turned different ways, opposite,
+    contrary, different_.
+divido, -videre, -visi, -visus, _divide, separate_.
+do, dare, dedi, datus, _give_.
+doceo, -ere, -ui, -tus, _teach, explain_.
+dolor, -oris [doleo, _be in pain_], m., _pain, grief; anger_.
+dolus, -i, m., _trick, craft_.
+domina, -ae, f., _mistress_.
+domus, -us, f., _house, home_.
+donum, -i [do], n., _gift_.
+dormio, -ire, -ivi, _sleep_.
+draco, -onis, m., _dragon, serpent_.
+dubito, -are, -avi, -atus [dubius], _doubt, hesitate_.
+dubius, -a, -um, _doubtful, uncertain_.
+duco, ducere, duxi, ductus [dux], _lead; make, dig_; with or without in
+    matrimonium, _marry_.
+dudum, adv., _formerly, of old_; iam dudum, _this long time_.
+dulcedo, -inis [dulcis], f., _sweetness_.
+dulcis, -e, _sweet_.
+dum, conj., _while, as; as long as; until_.
+duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj., _two_.
+duodecim [duo + decem], indecl. adj., _twelve_.
+duo-de-viginti, indecl. adj., _eighteen_.
+dux, ducis, m. and f., _leader, commander_.
+
+E
+
+e, see ex.
+ebrius, -a, -um, _drunk_.
+e-dico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictus, _declare, proclaim, appoint_.
+e-do, -dere, -didi, -ditus, _put forth, give out, utter_.
+e-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus, _lead out, draw_.
+effervesco, -fervescere, -ferbui [ex + fervesco], _boil up_ or _over,
+    boil_.
+efficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [ex + facio], _make_ or _work out,
+    accomplish, effect_.
+efflo, -flare, -flavi, -flatus [ex + flo], _breathe out_.
+effugio, -fugere, -fugi [ex + fugio], _flee out_ or _away, escape_.
+effundo, -fundere, -fudi, -fusus [ex + fundo], _pour out_.
+ego, mei, pers. pron., _I_.
+egredior, -gredi, -gressus [e + gradior], _go out_ or _forth, go ashore,
+    disembark_.
+egregie [egregius, _excellent_], adv., _excellently, splendidly,
+    admirably_.
+Elis, -idis, f., _Elis_.
+Elysius, -a, -um, _Elysian_.
+e-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send out_ or _forth_.
+enim, conj., _for_.
+e-nuntio, -nuntiare, -nuntiavi, -nuntiatus, _speak out, announce, make
+    known_.
+eo, ire, ii, itus, _go_.
+eo [is], adv., _to that place, thither_.
+equus, -i, m., _horse_.
+erectus, -a, -um [part, of erigo], _upright, erect_.
+erga, prep, with acc., _toward, for_.
+Erginus, -i, m., _Erginus_.
+Eridanus, -i, m., _Eridanus_.
+erigo, -rigere, -rexi, -rectus [e + rego], _raise_ or _set up, raise,
+    lift; cheer, encourage_.
+eripio, -ripere, -ripui, -reptus [e + rapio], _snatch out_ or _away,
+    rescue_.
+erro, -are, -avi, -atus, _wander, stray; be mistaken_.
+erudio, -rudire, -rudivi, -ruditus, _instruct_.
+Erymanthius, -a, -um, _of Erymanthus, Erymanthian_.
+Erythia, -ae, f., _Erythia_.
+et, conj., _and_; et ... et, _both ... and_.
+etiam [et + iam], adv., _and now, also, too, even_.
+et-si, conj., _even if, although_.
+Eunomus, -i, m., _Eunomus_.
+Europa, -ae, f., _Europe_.
+Eurylochus, -i, m., _Eurylochus_.
+Eurystheus, -i, m., _Eurystheus_.
+Eurytion, -onis, m., _Eurytion_.
+Eurytus, -i, m., _Eurytus_.
+e-vado, -vadere, -vasi, -vasus,
+    _go forth, get away, escape_.
+e-vanesco, -vanescere, -vanui, _vanish away_.
+e-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventus, _come out; turn out, happen, befall_.
+e-voco, -vocare, -vocavi, -vocatus, _call out, challenge_.
+e-vomo, -vomere, -vomui, -vomitus, _vomit forth_.
+ex or e (the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel or
+    _h_), prep. with abl., _out of, from; of_.
+ex-animo, -animare, -animavi, -animatus, _put out of breath, fatigue,
+    tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill_.
+ex-ardesco, -ardescere, -arsi, -arsus, _blaze out, be inflamed, rage_.
+ex-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessus, _go out_ or _forth, depart_.
+excipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus [ex + capio], _take out_ or _up,
+    receive, welcome, entertain_.
+ex-cito, -citare, -citavi, -citatus, _call out, arouse_.
+ex-clamo, -clamare, -clamavi, -clamatus, _cry out, exclaim_.
+excludo, -cludere, -clusi, -clusus [ex + claudo], _shut out, hinder,
+    prevent_.
+ex-cogito, -cogitare, -cogitavi, -cogitatus, _think out, contrive,
+    devise, invent_.
+ex-crucio, -cruciare, -cruciavi, cruciatus, _torture_.
+ex-eo, -ire, -ii, -itus, _go out_.
+exerceo, -ercere, -ercui, -ercitus, _exercise_.
+exercitatio, -onis [exerceo], f., _exercise_.
+exercitus, -us, m., _army_.
+ex-haurio, -haurire, -hausi, -haustus, _drink up_ or _off, drain_.
+existimo, -istimare, -istimavi, -istimatus [ex + aestimo, _value],
+    consider, believe, think_.
+ex-orior, -oriri, -ortus, _arise from, spring up, rise_.
+ex-pello, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus, _drive out, expel_.
+ex-pio, -piare, -piavi, -piatus, _expiate_.
+explorator, -oris [exploro], m., _explorer, scout, spy_.
+ex-ploro, -plorare, -ploravi, -ploratus, _search out, explore_.
+ex-pono, -ponere, -posui, -positus, _put out, set forth; put on shore,
+    land; explain_.
+exprimo, -primere, -pressi, -pressus [ex + premo], _press out_.
+exsilio, -silire, -silui [ex + salio], _leap out_ or _forth_.
+exsilium, -i [exsul, _exile_], n., _exile_.
+ex-specto, -spectare, -spectavi, -spectatus, _look out for, wait for,
+    await, expect; wait_.
+ex-spiro, -spirare, -spiravi, -spiratus, _breathe out_.
+ex-struo, -struere, -struxi, -structus, _pile_ or _heap up, build,
+    erect_.
+extemplo, adv., _immediately, straightway, at once_.
+ex-traho, -trahere, -traxi, -tractus, _draw_ or _drag out, release,
+    rescue_.
+extremus, -a, -um, _last, extreme, furthest_.
+exuo, -uere, -ui, -utus, _put_ or _take off_.
+
+F
+
+faber, fabri, m., _smith_.
+fabricor, -ari, -atus [faber], _make, fashion_.
+fabula, -ae [for, _speak_], f., _story_.
+facile [facilis, _easy_], adv., _easily_.
+facinus, facinoris [facio], n., _deed, crime_.
+facio, facere, feci, factus, _make, do_; iter facere, see iter.
+facultas, -tatis [facilis, _easy_], f., _possibility, opportunity,
+    chance, means_.
+fallo, fallere, fefelli, falsus, _deceive_.
+falsus, -a, -um [part. of fallo], _feigned, pretended, false_.
+falx, falcis, f., _sickle; curved sword, falchion_.
+fama, -ae [for, _speak_], f., _report, rumor_.
+fames, -is, abl. fame, f., _hunger_.
+far, farris, n., _grain; meal_.
+fatum, -i [part. of for, _speak_], n., _destiny, fate_.
+fauces, -ium, f. plur., _throat_.
+fax, facis, f., _torch, firebrand_.
+feliciter [felix, _happy_], adv., _happily, fortunately, successfully_.
+femina, -ae, f., _woman_.
+fera, -ae [ferus, _wild_], f., _wild animal, beast_.
+fere, adv., _nearly, about, almost, for the most part_.
+fero, ferre, tuli, latus, _bear, bring_.
+ferox, -ocis [ferus, _wild_], adj., _fierce, savage_.
+ferreus, -a, -um [ferrum, _iron_], _of iron, iron_.
+ferveo, -ere, _boil; glow, burn_.
+fessus, -a, -um, _exhausted, worn out, weary_.
+figura, -ae, f., _form, shape, figure_.
+filia, -ae, f., _daughter_.
+filius, -i, m., _son_.
+fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus, _invent, make up_.
+finis, -is, m., _end, boundary; _ plur., _borders, territory, country_.
+finitimus, -a, -um [finis], _neighboring, adjoining_.
+fio, fieri, factus sum, _be done_ or _made, become, happen_.
+flamma, -ae, f., _flame_.
+flumen, -minis [fluo, _flow_], n., _river_.
+fons, fontis, m., _fountain, spring_.
+foras [foris], adv., _out of doors, forth, out_.
+foris [foris], adv., _out of doors, without_.
+foris, -is, f., _door_.
+forma, -ae, f., _form, appearance; beauty_.
+formosus, -a, -um [forma], _beautiful_.
+forte [fors, _chance_], adv., _by chance, accidentally_.
+fortis, -e, _brave_.
+fortiter [fortis], adv., _bravely_.
+fortuna, -ae [fors, _chance_], f., _fortune_.
+fossa, -ae [part. of fodio, _dig_], f., _ditch, trench_.
+frango, frangere, fregi, fractus, _break; dash to pieces, wreck_.
+frater, fratris, m., _brother_.
+fraus, fraudis, f., _deception, fraud_.
+fremitus, -us [fremo, _roar_], m., _roaring, roar_.
+freno, -are, -avi, -atus [frenum, _bridle_], _bridle, restrain_.
+fretum, -i, n., _strait_.
+frons, frontis, f., _forehead_.
+fructus, -us [fruor, _enjoy_], m., _enjoyment; fruit_.
+frumentor, -ari, -atus [frumentum], _fetch grain, forage_.
+frumentum, -i [fruor, _enjoy_], n., _grain_.
+frustra, adv., _in vain_.
+fuga, -ae, f., _flight_.
+fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturus [fuga], _flee, run away_.
+fumus, -i, m., _smoke_.
+furor, -oris [furo, _rage_], m., _rage, fury, frenzy, madness_.
+furtum, -i [fur, _thief_], n., _theft_.
+
+G
+
+galea, -ae, f., _helmet_.
+Gallia, -ae, f., _Gaul_.
+gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus, _be glad, rejoice_.
+gaudium, -i [gaudeo], n., _gladness, joy_.
+gens, gentis, f., _race, nation_.
+genus, generis, n., _kind, nature_.
+gero, gerere, gessi, gestus, _carry, wear; carry on, do_.
+Geryon, -onis, m., _Geryon_.
+gigno, gignere, genui, genitus, _produce, bring forth_.
+gladius, -i, m., _sword_.
+Glauce, -es, f., _Glauce_.
+gloria, -ae, f., _glory_.
+Gorgo, -onis, f., _Gorgon_.
+Graeae, -arum, f. plur., _the Graeae_.
+Graecia, -ae [Graecus], f., _Greece_.
+Graecus, -a, -um, _Greek_.
+gratia, -ae [gratus], f., _favor; gratitude, thanks_; plur., _thanks_;
+    gratias agere, _to give thanks, thank_; gratiam referre, _to return
+    a favor, show gratitude, requite_.
+gratus, -a, -um, _pleasing, grateful_.
+gravis, -e, _heavy; severe, grievous, serious_.
+graviter [gravis], adv., _severely, seriously_.
+guberno, -are, -avi, -atus, _steer_.
+gusto, -are, -avi, -atus, _taste_.
+
+H
+
+habeo, -ere, -ui, -itus, _have, hold; consider_.
+habito, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of habeo], _dwell, inhabit_.
+Hades, -ae, m., _Hades_.
+haereo, haerere, haesi, haesurus, _stick; hesitate_.
+haesito, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of haereo], _hesitate_.
+Hammon, -onis, m., _Hammon_.
+harena, -ae, f., _sand; shore_.
+Harpyiae, -arum, f. plur., _Harpies_.
+haud, adv., _not at all, by no means, not_.
+haudquaquam [haud + quisquam], adv., _in no wise, not at all_.
+haurio, haurire, hausi, haustus, _draw_.
+herba, -ae, f., _herb, plant_.
+Hercules, -is, m., _Hercules_.
+Hesione, -es, f., _Hesione_.
+Hesperides, -um, f. plur., _the Hesperides_.
+hesternus, -a, -um [heri, _yesterday_], _of yesterday, yesterday's_,
+hesternus dies, _yesterday_.
+hic [hic], adv., _here; hereupon_.
+hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron., _this_; ille ... hic, _that ... this, the
+    former ... the latter_.
+hinc [hic], adv., _from this place, hence_.
+Hippolyte, -es, f., _Hippolyte_.
+Hispania, -ae, f., _Spain_.
+Homerus, i-, m., _Homer_.
+homo, hominis, m., _man_.
+honor, -oris, m., _honor_.
+hora, -ae, f., _hour_.
+horribilis, -e [horreo, _shudder_], _dreadful, terrible, horrible_.
+hortor, -ari, -atus, _exhort, encourage, urge_.
+hortus, -i, m., _garden_.
+hospitium, -i [hospes, _host_], n., _hospitality_.
+hostis, -is, m. and f., _enemy, foe_.
+huc [hic], adv., _to this place, hither_.
+humanus, -a, -um [homo], _of man, human_.
+humi [loc. of humus, _ground_], adv., _on the ground_.
+Hydra, -ae, f., _Hydra_.
+Hylas, -ae, m., _Hylas_.
+
+I
+
+iaceo, -ere, -ui, _lie, be prostrate_.
+iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus, _throw, cast, hurl_.
+iam, adv., _now, already_.
+ianua, -ae, f., _door_.
+Iason, -onis, m., _Jason_.
+ibi [is], adv., _in that place, there_.
+ictus, -us [ico, _strike_], m., _blow_.
+idem, eadem, idem [is], dem. pron., _the same_; sometimes to be
+    translated _likewise, also_.
+idoneus, -a, -um, _suitable, fit; favorable_.
+igitur, conj., _therefore_.
+ignarus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + gnarus, _knowing_], _ignorant_.
+ignavus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + gnavus, _active_], _lazy, cowardly_.
+ignis, -is, m., _fire_.
+ignoro, -are, -avi, -atus, _ be ignorant of_.
+ignotus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + notus], _unknown_.
+Ilias, -adis, f., _the Iliad_.
+ille, illa, illud, dem. pron., _that; he, she, it, they_; ille ... hic,
+    see hic.
+imber, imbris, m., _rain, shower_.
+imbuo, -buere, -bui, -butus, _wet, soak, dip_.
+immanitas, -tatis [immanis, _cruel_], f., _cruelty, barbarity_.
+immitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send_ or _let in_.
+immolo, -molare, -molavi, -molatus [in + mola], _sacrifice_ (the victim
+    was sprinkled with consecrated meal).
+impedio, -pedire, -pedivi, -peditus [in + pes], _hinder, prevent,
+    impede_.
+impello, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus [in + pello], _drive_ or _urge on,
+    incite, urge_.
+imperator, -oris [impero], m., _commander, general_.
+imperatum, -i [part, of impero], n., _command, order_.
+imperitus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + peritus], _inexperienced, unskilled,
+    ignorant_.
+imperium, -i [impero], n., _command; sway, rule_.
+impero, -perare, -peravi, -peratus, _command, order, enjoin_.
+impetro, -petrare, -petravi, -petratus, _gain one's end, obtain_ (a
+    request).
+impetus, -us [in + peto], m., _attack_; impetum facere, _to charge_.
+impono, -ponere, -posui, -positus [in + pono], _place_ or _lay upon,
+    impose; embark_.
+improbus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + probus, _upright_], _wicked_.
+    in, prep, with acc., _into, in, to, upon_; with abl., _in, on_.
+incido, -cidere, -cidi [in + cado], _fall into_ or _upon_.
+includo, -cludere, -clusi, -clusus [in + claudo, _shut_], _shut up in,
+    inclose, imprison_.
+incola, -ae [incolo], m. and f., _inhabitant_.
+in-colo, -colere, -colui, _inhabit_.
+incolumis, -e, _unhurt, safe_.
+in-commodum, -i, n., _inconvenience_.
+in-credibilis, e, _incredible_.
+in-duco, -ducere, duxi, -ductus, _lead in_ or _on, move, excite_.
+induo, induere, indui, indutus, _put on; clothe_.
+in-eo, -ire, -ii, -itus, _go into, enter; adopt_.
+infandus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + ger. of for, _speak_], _unspeakable,
+    monstrous_.
+infans, -fantis [in-, _not_ + part. of for, _speak_], m. and f.,
+   _infant, babe_.
+infectus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + part. of facio], _not done, undone,
+    unaccomplished_.
+in-felix, -felicis, adj., _unhappy, unfortunate_.
+inferi, -orum [inferus, _below_], m. plur., _inhabitants of the
+    underworld, the dead, the shades_.
+infero, inferre, intuli, inlatus, _bring in_ or _against, wage against;
+    inflict_.
+infestus, -a, -um, _unsafe, dangerous_.
+inficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [in + facio], _stain, dye_.
+in-fundo, -fundere, -fudi, -fusus, _pour in_ or _upon_.
+ingens, -gentis, adj., _huge, vast_.
+inicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [in +iacio], _throw in_ or _upon; cause,
+    inspire_.
+inimicus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + amicus], _unfriendly, hostile_.
+initium, -i [ineo], n., _beginning_.
+iniuria, -ae [in-, _not_ + ius], f., _injury, wrong, hurt, harm_.
+inluvies, -ei, f., _dirt, filth_.
+inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verb, _I say, you say, he says_.
+in-rideo, -ridere, -risi, -risus, _laugh at, mock_.
+in-rumpo, -rumpere, -rupi, -ruptus, _burst into_ or _in_.
+in-ruo, -ruere, -rui, _rush in_.
+insania, -ae [insanus, _mad_], f., _madness, insanity_.
+insciens, -scientis [in-, _not_ + part. of scio], adj., _unknowing,
+    unaware_.
+in-sequor, -sequi, -secutus, _follow upon_ or _up, pursue_.
+insidiae, -arum, f. plur., _ambush; plot, stratagem_.
+inspergo, -spergere, -spersi, -spersus [in + spargo], _sprinkle on_ or
+    _over_.
+inspicio, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus [in + specio], _look into_ or
+    _upon_.
+instituo, -stituere, -stitui, -stitutus [in + statuo], _decide upon,
+    determine_.
+in-struo, -struere, -struxi, -structus, _build in_ or _into; draw up;
+    equip, furnish_,
+insula, -ae, f., _island_.
+intellego, -legere, -lexi, -lectus, _perceive, understand_.
+in-tendo, -tendere, -tendi, -tentus, _stretch out; stretch, draw, aim_.
+inter, prep, with acc., _among, between_.
+interea [inter], adv., _in the meantime, meanwhile_.
+interficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [inter + facio], _put out of the way,
+    kill_.
+interior, -ius [comp. from inter], adj., _interior, inner_.
+inter-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _leave off, interrupt; let pass; _
+    pass., _be left between, intervene, elapse_.
+inter-sum, -esse, -fui, -futurus, _be_ or _lie between_.
+intervallum, -i, n., _interval, space, distance_.
+intra [inter], prep. with acc., _within_.
+intro, -are, -avi, -atus [intra], _go within_ or _into, enter_.
+introitus, -us [introeo, _go within_], m., _entrance_.
+in-tueor, -tueri, -tuitus, _look upon, behold_.
+in-usitatus, -a, -um, _unusual, extraordinary_.
+in-utilis, -e, _not useful, useless_.
+in-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventus, _come upon, find_.
+invito, -are, -avi, -atus, _invite_.
+invitus, -a, -um, _unwilling_.
+Iolaus, -i, m., _Iolaus_.
+Iole, -es, f., _Iole_.
+Iovis, gen. of Iuppiter.
+Iphicles, -is, m., _Iphicles_.
+ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron., _self, himself, herself, itself,
+    themselves_; often to be rendered by _very_.
+ira, -ae, f., _anger, wrath_.
+irascor, irasci, iratus [ira], _be angry_.
+iratus, -a, -um [part, of irascor], _angered, enraged, angry, furious_.
+is, ea, id, dem. pron., _this, that; he, she, it, they_.
+iste, ista, istud, dem. pron., _that of yours, that_.
+ita [is], adv., _in this manner, thus, so_; ita ut, _as_.
+Italia, -ae, f., _Italy_.
+ita-que, adv., _and so, accordingly, therefore_.
+iter, itineris [eo], n., _a going, journey, march_; iter facere, _to
+    journey, march_.
+iterum, adv., _again, a second time_.
+Ithaca, -ae, f., _Ithaca_.
+iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus, _bid, order, command_.
+iucundus, -a, -um, _sweet, pleasant_.
+iudex, iudicis [ius + dico], m., _judge_.
+iugum, -i [iungo], n., _yoke_.
+iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctus, _join; yoke, harness_.
+Iuno, -onis, f., _Juno_.
+Iuppiter, Iovis, m., _Jupiter_ or _Jove_.
+ius, iuris, n., _right, justice, law_; ius dicere, _to pronounce
+    judgment_; ius iurandum, iuris iurandi [ger. of iuro, _swear_], _oath_.
+iussum, -i [part, of iubeo], n., _order, command_.
+iussus, -us [iubeo], m., _bidding, command_.
+iustus, -a, -um [ius], _just_.
+iuvenis, -is, m., _young man, youth_.
+
+L
+
+labor, labi, lapsus, _slip, glide, fall_.
+labor, -oris, m., _labor, toil_.
+laboro, -are, -avi, -atus [labor], _labor, toil_.
+lac, lactis, n., _milk_.
+Laconia, -ae, f., _Laconia_.
+lacrima, -ae, f., _tear_.
+lacus, -us, m., _lake_.
+laetitia, -ae [laetus, _joyful_], f., _joy_.
+lamenta, -orum, n. plur., _lamentation_.
+Laomedon, -ontis, m., _Laomedon_.
+lapis, -idis, m., _stone_.
+laqueus, -i, m., _noose_.
+Larisa, -ae, f., _Larisa_.
+lassitudo, -inis [lassus, _weary_], f., _weariness_.
+lateo, -ere, -ui, _lie hid, be concealed_.
+latro, -onis, m., _robber_.
+latus, -a, -um, _broad, wide_.
+legatus, -i [part. of lego, _depute_], m., _ambassador_.
+lenis, -e, _gentle_.
+leo, -onis, m., _lion_.
+Lernaeus, -a, -um, _of Lerna_, _Lernean_.
+Lethe, -es, f., _Lethe_.
+levis, -e, _light, slight_.
+leviter [levis], adv., _slightly_.
+libenter [libens, _willing_], adv., _willingly, gladly_.
+liberi, -orum [liber, _free_], m. plur., _children_.
+libero, -are, -avi, -atus [liber, _free_], _set free, free, liberate,
+    release_.
+libertas, -tatis [liber, _free_], f., _freedom, liberty_.
+Libya, -ae, f., _Libya, Africa_.
+licet, -ere, -uit or -itum est, impers., _is lawful_ or _permitted_.
+Lichas, -ae, m., _Lichas_.
+ligneus, -a, -um [lignum], _of wood, wooden_.
+lignum, -i, n., _wood_.
+Ligures, -um, m. plur., _Ligurians_.
+Liguria, -ae [Ligures], f., _Liguria_.
+limen, -minis, n., _threshold; door_.
+limus, -i, m., _mud_.
+linter, lintris, f., _boat, skiff_.
+Linus, -i, m., _Linus_.
+litus, litoris, n., _shore_.
+locus, -i, m., plur. loca, -orum, n., _place, situation_.
+longe [longus], adv., _far_.
+longinquus, -a, -um [longus], _distant, remote_.
+longus, -a, -um, _long; tedious_.
+loquor, loqui, locutus, _speak_.
+lotus, -i, f., _lotus_.
+lucrum, -i, n., _gain_.
+luctor, -ari, -atus, _wrestle, struggle_.
+ludus, -i, m., _game, sport_.
+lumen, -minis, n., _light_.
+lux, lucis, f., _light_.
+
+M
+
+magicus, -a, -um, _magic_.
+magis, comp. adv., _more, rather_.
+magister, -tri [magis], m., _master_.
+magnifice [magnificus], adv., _splendidly_.
+magnificentia, -ae [magnificus], f., _splendor, magnificence_.
+magnificus, -a, -um [magnus + facio], _splendid, magnificent_.
+magnitudo, -tudinis [magnus], f., _greatness, size_.
+magnopere [abl. of magnum opus], adv., _greatly, very much, exceedingly;
+    earnestly_.
+magnus, -a, -um, _large, big, great, mighty; loud_.
+maior, maius, comp. of magnus.
+male [malus], adv., _badly, ill_.
+malo, malle, malui [magis + volo], _wish rather, prefer_.
+malum, -i [malus], n., _evil, mischief_.
+malus, -a, -um, _bad_.
+malus, -i, m., _mast_.
+mando, -dare, -davi, -datus [manus + -do, _put_], _put in hand, intrust,
+    commit; charge, command_.
+mane, adv., _in the morning, early in the morning_.
+maneo, manere, mansi, mansus, _remain_.
+manes, -ium, m. plur., _spirit, shade_.
+manus, -us, f., _hand_.
+mare, maris, n., _sea_.
+maritus, -i, m., _husband_.
+Mars, Martis, m., _Mars_.
+mater, matris, f., _mother_.
+matrimonium, -i [mater], n., _marriage_; in matrimonium ducere, _marry_.
+maturo, -are, -avi, -atus [maturus, _ripe_], _ripen; hasten_.
+maxime [maximus], adv., _very greatly, exceedingly, especially_.
+maximus, -a, -um, superl. of magnus.
+Medea, -ae, f., _Medea_.
+medicamentum, -i [medico, _heal_], n., _drug; poison, potion_.
+medicina, -ae [medicus, _physician_], f., _art of healing, medicine_.
+medius, -a, -um, _mid, middle_.
+Medusa, -ae, f., _Medusa_.
+membrum, -i, n., _limb, member_.
+memoria, -ae [memor, _remembering_], f., _memory_.
+memoro, -are, -avi, -atus [memor, _remembering_], _remind of, mention_.
+mentio, -onis, f., _mention_.
+mercator, -oris [mercor, _trade_], m., _trader, merchant_.
+merces, mercedis, f., _pay, reward, wages_.
+Mercurius, -i, m., _Mercury_.
+mergo, mergere, mersi, mersus, _dip, plunge, sink_.
+meridianus, -a, -um [meridies], _midday, noonday_; meridianum tempus,
+    _midday, noon_.
+meridies, -ei [medius + dies], m., _midday, noon; south_.
+meritus, -a, -um [part. of mereo], _deserved, due, just_.
+meus, -a, -um [ego, mei], _my, mine_.
+miles, militis, m., _soldier_.
+militaris, -e [miles], _military, warlike_; res militaris, _art of war,
+    warfare_.
+mille, indecl. adj., _a thousand_; milia, -ium, n. plur., _thousands_;
+milia passuum, _thousands of paces, miles_.
+minae, -arum, f. plur., _threats_.
+Minerva, -ae, f., _Minerva_.
+minime [minimus, _least_], adv., _least, very little; by no means, not at
+    all_.
+minimum [minimus, _least_], adv., _very little, slightly_.
+minitor, -ari, -atus [minae], _threaten_.
+Minos, Minois, m., _Minos_.
+minus, comp. adv., _less_.
+Minyae, -arum, m. plur., _Minyae_.
+miraculum, -i [miror], n., _wonder, marvel, miracle_.
+miror, -ari, -atus [mirus], _wonder, wonder at_.
+mirus, -a, -um, _wonderful, strange_.
+misceo, miscere, miscui, mixtus, _mix, mingle_.
+misericordia, -ae [misericors, _pitiful_], f;, _pity, compassion_.
+mitto, mittere, misi, missus, _send_.
+modo [modus], adv., _only_.
+modus, -i, m., _way, manner_.
+moenia, -ium, n. plur., _walls_.
+mola, -ae, f., _meal_.
+molestia, -ae [molestus, _annoying_], f., _annoyance_.
+moneo, -ere, -ui, -itus, _warn_.
+mons, montis, m., _mountain_.
+monstro, -are, -avi, -atus [monstrum], _point out, show_.
+monstrum, -i, n., _wonder, monster_.
+mora, -ae, f., _delay_.
+mordeo, mordere, momordi, morsus, _bite_.
+morior, mori, mortuus, _die_.
+moror, -ari, -atus [mora], _delay, linger, stay_.
+mors, mortis [morior], f., _death_.
+mortalis, -e [mors], _mortal_.
+mortifer, -fera, -ferum [mors + fero], _death-bringing, deadly_.
+mortuus, -a, -um [part. of _morior_], _dead_.
+mos, moris, m., _way, manner, habit, custom_.
+moveo, movere, movi, motus, _move_.
+mox, adv., soon.
+mugio, -ire, -ivi, _low, bellow_.
+mugitus, -us [mugio], m., _lowing, bellowing_.
+mulier, mulieris, f., _woman_.
+multitudo, -tudinis [multus], f., _multitude_.
+multo [multus], adv., _by much_ or _far, much, far_.
+multum, -i [multus], n., _much_.
+multum [multus], adv., _much, greatly, far_.
+multus, -a, -um, _much, great_; plur., _many_.
+munio, -ire, -ivi, -itus [moenia], _fortify_.
+munus, muneris, n., _service, office, duty; present, gift_.
+murus, -i, m., _wall_.
+musica, -ae, f., _music_.
+muto, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of moveo], _change_.
+Mysia, -ae, f., _Mysia_.
+
+N
+
+nactus, part. of nanciscor.
+nam, conj., _for_.
+nam-que, conj., _for_.
+nanciscor, nancisci, nactus, _get, obtain, find_.
+narro, -are, -avi, -atus, _tell, relate, narrate_.
+nato, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of no, _swim_], _swim, float_.
+natura, -ae [nascor, _be born_], f., _nature, character_.
+nauta, -ae [navis], m., _sailor_.
+nauticus, -a, -um [nauta], _naval, nautical_.
+navigatio, -onis [navigo], f., _sailing, navigation, voyage_.
+navigo, -are, -avi, -atus [navis + ago], _sail_.
+navis, -is, f., _ship_.
+-ne, enclitic introducing a question, untranslatable.
+ne, adv., _not_; ne ... quidem, _not ... even_; conj., _that not, lest_.
+nec, see neque.
+necesse, indecl. adj., _necessary_.
+neco, -are, -avi, -atus, _put to death, slay, kill_.
+neglego, -legere, -lexi, -lectus [nec + lego, _gather_], _disregard,
+    neglect_.
+nego, -are, -avi, -atus, _say no_ or _not, deny, refuse_.
+negotium, -i [nec + otium, _leisure_], n., _business, matter; task,
+    trouble, difficulty_.
+Nemeaeus, -a, -um, _of Nemea, Nemean_.
+nemo, neminis [ne-, _not_ + homo], m. and f., _no one, nobody_.
+nepos, nepotis, m., _grandson_.
+Neptunus, -i, m., _Neptune_.
+neque or nec [ne-, _not_ + -que], conj., _and not, nor_; neque ... neque,
+    _neither ... nor_; neque enim, _for ... not_.
+nervus, -i, m., _sinew, muscle_.
+ne-scio, -scire, -scivi, _not know, be ignorant_; nescio quis, _I know
+    not who, some one or other_ (nescio is thus used with other
+    interrogative words also).
+Nessus, -i, m., _Nessus_.
+neu, see neve.
+neuter, neutra, neutrum [ne-, _not_ + uter], _neither_.
+neve or neu [ne + -ve, _or_], conj., _and that not, and not, nor_.
+niger, nigra, nigrum, _black_.
+nihil, n., indecl., _nothing_.
+nisi [ne-, _not_ + si], conj., _if not, unless_.
+nix, nivis, f., _snow_.
+noctu [nox], adv., _at_ or _by night_.
+nocturnus, -a, -um [nox], _of night, nocturnal_; nocturnum tempus,
+    _night-time_.
+nolo, nolle, nolui [ne-, _not_ + volo], _not wish, be unwilling_.
+nomen, -minis [nosco, _come to know_], n., _name_ (that by which one is
+    known).
+non, adv., _not_.
+non-dum, adv., _not yet_.
+non-ne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is
+    expected, _not_?
+non-nullus, -a, -um, _not none, some, several_.
+nos, plur. of ego.
+noster, -tra, -trum [nos], _our_.
+notus, -a, -um [part. of nosco, _come to know_], known, well-known,
+    famous_.
+novem, indecl. adj., _nine_.
+novitas, -tatis [novus], f., _newness, novelty_.
+novus, -a, -um, _new_; novissimus, _last_.
+nox, noctis, f., _night_.
+nubes, -is, f., _cloud_.
+nudus, -a, -um, _naked, bare_.
+nullus, -a, -um [ne-, _not_ + ullus], _not any, none, no_.
+num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expected,
+    untranslatable.
+numerus, -i, m., _number_.
+nummus, -i, m., _coin_.
+numquam [ne-, _not_ + umquam, _ever_], adv., _never_.
+nunc, adv., _now_.
+nuntio, -are, -avi, -atus [nuntius], _report, announce_.
+nuntius, -i [novus], m., _messenger; message_.
+nuper [novus], adv., _newly, lately, recently_.
+nusquam [ne-, _not_ + usquam, _anywhere_], adv., _nowhere_.
+nympha, -ae, f., _nymph_.
+
+O
+
+ob, prep. with acc., _on account of, for_; in compounds, _to, against_.
+obicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [ob + iacio], _throw in the way_ or _to_.
+ob-iurgo, -iurgare, -iurgavi, -iurgatus, _chide, scold, reproach_.
+ob-lino, -linere, -levi, -litus, _daub over, smear_.
+oblitus, -a, -um [part. of obliviscor], _forgetful, unmindful_.
+obliviscor, -livisci, -litus, _forget_.
+obscuro, -scurare, -scuravi, -scuratus [obscurus], _darken, hide,
+    conceal_.
+obscurus, -a, -um, _dark_.
+obsecro, -secrare, -secravi, -secratus, _beseech, entreat_.
+ob-sero, -serere, -sevi, -situs, _sow, plant; cover, fill_.
+obsideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessus [ob + sedeo], _beset, besiege_.
+ob-struo, -struere, -struxi, -structus, _build against, block up_.
+ob-testor, -testari, -testatus, _call to witness; beseech, implore_.
+obtineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentus [ob + teneo], _hold_.
+obviam [ob + via], adv., _in the way, opposite, face to face_; obviam
+    fieri, _to meet_; obviam ire, _to go to meet_.
+occasio, -onis [occido, _fall_], f., _chance, opportunity_.
+occasus, -us [occido, _fall_], m. _setting_.
+occido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus [ob + caedo, _cut_], _cut down, kill_.
+occupo, -cupare, -cupavi, -cupatus [ob + capio], _seize; fill_.
+occurro, -currere, -curri, -cursus [ob + curro], _run against, meet_.
+Oceanus, -i, m., _Oceanus, the ocean_.
+oculus, -i, m., _eye_.
+odi, odisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of
+    tenses of incomplete action, _hate_.
+odium, -i [odi], n., _hatred_.
+odor, -oris, m., _smell, odor_.
+Oechalia, -ae, f., _Oechalia_.
+Oeneus, -i, m., _Oeneus_.
+Oeta, -ae, f., _Oeta_.
+offendo, -fendere, -fendi, -fensus, _offend_.
+offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus [ob + fero], _bear to, proffer, offer_.
+officina, -ae, f., _workshop, smithy_.
+officium, -i, n., _service; duty_.
+olim, adv., _once upon a time, once, formerly, of old_.
+Olympus, -i, m., _Olympus_.
+omitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus [ob + mitto], _let go, neglect,
+    disregard, throw away, lose_.
+omnino [omnis], adv., _altogether, wholly, entirely_.
+omnis, -e, _all, every_.
+onero, -are, -avi, -atus [onus, _load_], _load, burden_.
+opera, -ae [opus], f., _effort, work, labor_.
+opinio, -onis [opinor, _think_], f., _opinion, expectation; reputation_.
+oppidum, -i, n., _town_.
+opportunus, -a, -um, _suitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune_.
+opprimo, -primere, -pressi, -pressus [ob + premo], _press against,
+    overpower, crush_.
+optimus, -a, -um, superl. of bonus.
+opus, operis, n., _work, task_.
+oraculum, -i [oro], n., _oracle_.
+oratio, -onis [oro], f., _speech_; orationem habere, _to deliver an
+    oration, speak_.
+orbis, -is, m., _circle_; orbis terrae or terrarum, _circle of the earth_
+    or _lands, earth, world_.
+Orcus, -i, m., _Orcus, under-world_.
+ordo, ordinis, m., _arrangement, order, rank_; ex ordine, _in order_.
+orior, -iri, -tus, _arise, come forth, spring up_; orta luce, _at dawn_.
+orno, -are, -avi, -atus, _equip, adorn_.
+oro, -are, -avi, -atus [os], _speak; beg, pray_.
+Orpheus, -i, m., _Orpheus_.
+os, oris, n., _mouth_.
+ostendo, -tendere, -tendi, -tentus [ob + tendo], _stretch out before,
+    show, explain_.
+ostium, -i [os], n., _mouth, doorway, door_.
+ovis, -is, f., _sheep_.
+
+P
+
+pabulum, -i [pasco], n., _food, fodder_.
+paene, adv., _almost, nearly_.
+palaestra, -ae, f., _wrestling-place, gymnasium_.
+palus, -i, m., _stake_.
+palus, -udis, f., _swamp, marsh_.
+paratus, -a, -um [part. of paro], _prepared, equipped, ready_.
+pareo, -ere, -ui, _obey_.
+paro, -are, -avi, -atus, _make ready, prepare_.
+pars, partis, f., _part, side, direction_.
+parvus, -a, -um, _little, small_.
+pasco, pascere, pavi, pastus, _feed_.
+passus, -us [pando, _stretch]_, m., pace_; milia passuum, see mille.
+pastor, -toris [pasco], m., _shepherd_.
+patefacio, -facere, -feci, -factus [pateo, _be open_ + facio], _throw_,
+    or _lay open, open_.
+pater, patris, m., _father_.
+patior, pati, passus, bear, _suffer, allow_.
+patria, -ae [pater], f., _fatherland, country_.
+pauci, -ae, -a, plur. adj., _few_.
+paulo [paulus, _little]_, adv., _by a little, a little, somewhat_.
+paulum [paulus, _little_], adv., _a little, somewhat_.
+pavor, -oris [payeo, _be terrified_], m., _terror, panic_.
+pectus, pectoris, n., _breast_.
+pecunia, -ae [pecus], f., _money_ (the possession of cattle constituting
+    wealth in early times).
+pecus, pecoris, n., _herd, flock, cattle_.
+pecus, pecudis, f., _head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat_.
+Pelias, -ae, m., _Pelias_.
+pellis, -is, f., _hide, skin, pelt_.
+pello, pellere, pepuli, pulsus, _drive, drive away, beat, rout_.
+pendo, pendere, pependi, pensus, _weigh out, pay_.
+Penelope, -es, f., _Penelope_.
+per, prep, with ace., _through, by means of_.
+percipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus [per + capio], _feel_.
+percutio, -cutere, -cussi, -cussus [per + quatio], _strike through,
+    strike_.
+per-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus, _lead_ or _bring through, lead,
+    bring_.
+peregrinus, -i, m., _stranger, foreigner_.
+perennis, -e [per + annus], _lasting throughout the year, perennial,
+    perpetual_.
+per-eo, -ire, -ii, -iturus, _pass away, perish_.
+per-fero, -ferre, -tuli, -latus, _bear through, bear, endure; weather_.
+perficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [per + facio], _do_ or _make through,
+    accomplish_.
+per-flo, -flare, _blow through_ or _over_.
+per-fodio, -fodere, -fodi, -fossus, _dig_ or _pierce through, transfix_.
+periculum, -i, n., _danger, peril, risk_.
+per-lustro, -lustrare, -lustravi, -lustratus, _look over, examine,
+    survey_.
+per-maneo, -manere, -mansi, -mansus, _remain_.
+perpetuus, -a, -um [per + peto], _continuous, perpetual_; in perpetuum,
+    _for all time, forever_.
+per-rumpo, -rumpere, -rupi, -ruptus, _break_ or _burst through, break_.
+per-scribo, -scribere, -scripsi, scriptus, _write through_ or _in full,
+    describe fully, recount_.
+per-sequor, -sequi, -secutus, _follow up, pursue_.
+Perseus, -i, m., _Perseus_.
+per-solvo, -solvere, -solvi, -solutus, _pay completely, pay_.
+per-suadeo, -suadere, -suasi, -suasus, _persuade, prevail upon,
+    induce_.
+per-terreo, -terrere, -terrui, -territus, _thoroughly frighten, terrify_.
+per-turbo, -turbare, -turbavi, -turbatus, _greatly disturb, disturb,
+    agitate, throw into confusion_.
+per-venio, -venire, -veni, -ventus, _come through, come, arrive, reach_.
+pes, pedis, m., _foot_.
+peto, -ere, -ivi or -ii, -itus, _seek, ask; attack_.
+Phasis, -idis, m., _Phasis_.
+Phineus, -i, m., _Phineus_.
+Pholus, -i, m., _Pholus_.
+Phrixus, -i, m., _Phrixus_.
+pinguis, -e, _fat_.
+piscator, -toris [piscor, _fish_], m., _fisherman_.
+plausus, -us [plaudo, _clap_], m., _applause_.
+plures, -a [comp. of multus], plur. adj., _more, many, several_.
+plurimus, -a, -um, superl. of multus.
+Pluto, -onis, m., _Pluto_.
+poculum, -i [poto, _drink_], n., _cup_.
+poena, -ae, f., _penalty, punishment_.
+poeta, -ae, m., _poet_.
+polliceor, -liceri, -licitus, _promise_.
+Polydectes, -is, m., _Polydectes_.
+Polyphemus, -i, m., _Polyphemus_.
+pomum, -i, n., _fruit, apple_.
+pondus, ponderis [pendo], n., _weight_.
+pono, ponere, posui, positus, _place, put_; poni with in and abl., _to be
+    placed in, rest_ or _depend on_.
+pons, pontis, m., _bridge_.
+porcus, -i, m., _pig, hog, swine_.
+porta, -ae, f., _gate; door_.
+portus, -us, m., _harbor, haven, port_.
+posco, poscere, poposci, _ask, demand_.
+possideo, -sidere, -sedi, -sessus, _hold, possess_.
+possum, posse, potui [potis, _able_ + sum], _be able, have power, can_.
+post, adv., _after, later_; prep. with acc., _after, behind_.
+postea [post], adv., _after this, afterwards_.
+posterus, -a, -um [post], _following, next_.
+post-quam, conj., _later than, after, when_.
+postremus, -a, -um [superl. of posterus], _last_.
+postridie [posterus + dies], adv., _the day after, the next day_.
+postulo, -are, -avi, -atus, _ask, request, demand_.
+potior, -iri, -itus [potis, _able_], _become master of, get possession
+    of_.
+prae-acutus, -a, -um, _sharp at the end, pointed, sharp_.
+praebeo, -ere, -ui, -itus [prae, _before_ + habeo], _hold forth, supply,
+    furnish, give; show, present, exhibit_.
+prae-caveo, -cavere, -cavi, -cautus, _beware beforehand, beware, be on
+    one's guard_.
+praecipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus [prae, _before_ + capio], _take
+    beforehand, anticipate; order, charge_.
+praecipue [praecipuus, _especial_], adv., _especially_.
+prae-clarus, -clara, -clarum, _very bright; splendid, remarkable,
+    famous_.
+praeda, -ae, f., _booty, spoil, plunder_.
+prae-dico, -dicere, -dixi, -dictus, _say beforehand, foretell, predict_.
+praedor, -ari, -atus [praeda], _plunder_.
+praemium, -i, n., _reward_.
+praesens, -sentis [part. of praesum], adj., _present, immediate,
+    imminent_.
+praesentia, -ae [praesens], f., _the present_.
+praeses, praesidis, m., _protector_.
+praesidium, -i [praeses], n., _protection; guard, escort_.
+praestans, -stantis [part. of praesto], adj., _preeminent, remarkable_.
+prae-sto, -stare, -stiti, -stitus, _stand in front; show_.
+prae-sum, -esse, -fui, _be before, preside over, have charge of,
+    command_.
+praeter [prae, _before_], prep. with acc., _before, past, by; besides,
+    except_.
+praeterea [praeter], adv., _besides this, besides, moreover_.
+praeter-eo, -ire, -ii, -itus, _pass by_.
+preces, -um, f. plur., _prayer, entreaty_.
+prehendo, -hendere, -hendi, -hensus, _seize_.
+premo, premere, pressi, pressus, _press, check, restrain_.
+pretium, -i, n., _price, charge_.
+primo [primus], adv., _at first_.
+primum [primus], adv., _first, in the first place_.
+primus, -a, -um [superl. from pro], _first, foremost_.
+pristinus, -a, -um [prius], _former_.
+prius [prior, _former_], adv., _before, first_.
+prius-quam, conj., _before than, sooner than, before_.
+pro, prep. with abl., _before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as;
+    in return for, for_.
+procul, adv., _at_ or _from a distance, far_.
+proelium, -i, n., _battle, combat_; proelium committere, _to join
+    battle_.
+profectio, -onis [proficiscor], f., _departure, start_.
+proficiscor, -ficisci, -fectus [proficio, _make progress_], set out,
+    depart, start, march_.
+progredior, -gredi, -gressus [pro + gradior], _go forward, advance_.
+prohibeo, -hibere, -hibui, -hibitus [pro + habeo], _hold back, prevent,
+    hinder_.
+proicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [pro + iacio], _throw forth_ or _down,
+    cast away, throw_.
+pro-mitto, -mittere, -misi, -missus, _send_ or _put forth, promise_.
+promo, promere, prompsi, promptus [pro + emo], _take_ or _bring out,
+    produce_.
+promunturium, -i, n., _headland, promontory_.
+propero, -are, -avi, -atus, _hasten_.
+pro-pono, -ponere, -posui, -positus, _put_ or _set before, offer,
+    propose; set forth, say_.
+propter, prep. with acc., _on account of, because of_.
+prora, -ae, f., _prow, bow_.
+pro-sequor, -sequi, -secutus, _follow forward, follow_.
+Proserpina, -ae, f., _Proserpina, Proserpine_.
+pro-sterno, -sternere, -stravi, -stratus, _strew_ or _spread before,
+    throw_ or _knock down_.
+pro-sum, prodesse, profui, _be of advantage, profit, avail, assist_.
+pro-veho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectus, _carry forward_.
+pro-voco, -vocare, -vocavi, -vocatus, _call forth_ or _out, challenge_.
+proximus, -a, -um [superl. from prope, _near_], _nearest, next_.
+prudentia, -ae [prudens, _prudent_], f., _prudence_.
+puella, -ae [puer], f., _girl, maiden_.
+puer, pueri, m., _boy_.
+pueritia, -ae [puer], f., _boyhood_.
+pugna, -ae, f., _fighting, battle, combat_.
+pugno, -are, -avi, -atus [pugna], _fight_.
+pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, _beautiful_.
+pulso, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of pello], _push_ or _strike against,
+    knock, knock at_.
+punctum, -i [pungo, _prick_], n., _point, instant, moment_.
+purgo, -are, -avi, -atus [purus, _clean_ + ago], _make clean, clean,
+    cleanse_.
+puto, -are, -avi, -atus, _think_.
+Pythia, -ae, f., _Pythia_.
+
+Q
+
+qua [qui], adv., _in which place, where_.
+quaero, quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus, _seek; ask, inquire_.
+qualis, -e, _of what sort? what kind of_?
+quam [quis and qui], adv., _how? as; than_; with superl., _as ... as
+    possible_.
+quam-quam, conj., _however much, although_.
+quantum [quantus], adv., _how much? how_?
+quantus, -a, -um, _how great_ or _much_?
+quartus, -a, -um [quattuor], _fourth_.
+quasi [qui + si], conj., _as if_.
+quattuor, indecl. adj., _four_.
+-que, enclitic conj., _and_.
+qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., _who, which_.
+qui, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj., _what_?
+quidam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron., _a certain, certain_.
+quidem, adv., _in fact, indeed, certainly_; ne ... quidem, _not ...
+    even_.
+quies, quietis, f., _rest, repose_.
+quin, conj., _so that ... not, but that, but_.
+quinquaginta [quinque, _five_], indecl. adj., _fifty_.
+quintus, -a, -um [quinque, _five_], _fifth_.
+quis, quid, interrog. pron., _who? which? what_?
+quis, qua, quid, indef. pron., _any one, anybody, anything, some one,
+    somebody, something_.
+quis-nam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. pron., _who, which_, or _what,
+    pray? who? which? what_?
+quis-quam, quicquam, indef. pron., _any one, anything_.
+quis-que, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron., _each_.
+quo [quis and qui], adv., _to what place? whither? to which place,
+    whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore_; quo usque, _till
+    when? how long_?
+quod [qui], conj., _that, in that, because_.
+quoniam [cum + iam], conj., _since now, since_.
+quoque [qui + -que], adv., _also_.
+quotannis [quot, _how many_ + annus], adv., _every year, yearly,
+    annually_.
+quotiens [quot, _how many_, adv., _as often as_.
+
+R
+
+ramus, -i, m., _branch, bough_.
+rapio, -ere, -ui, -tus, _seize, snatch_.
+ratio, -onis [reor, _think_], f., plan, means, method, manner_.
+recipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus [re- + capio], _take_ or _get back,
+    recover_; se recipere, _to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect
+    oneself, recover_.
+re-creo, -creare, -creavi, -creatus, _make anew, renew, refresh_.
+rectus, -a, -um [part. of rego, _direct_], _direct, straight_.
+re-cumbo, -cumbere, -cubui, _lie back_ or _down_.
+recupero, -are, -avi, -atus, _recover_.
+recuso, -cusare, -cusavi, -cusatus [re- + causa], _give a reason against,
+    refuse_.
+reddo, -dere, -didi, -ditus [re- + do], _give back, return, restore;
+    render_.
+redeo, -ire, -ii, -itus [re- + eo], _go back, return_.
+redintegro, -integrare, -integravi, -integratus [re- + integro, _make
+    whole_], _make whole again, renew_.
+reditus, -us [redeo], m., _return_.
+re-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus, _lead_ or _bring back; restore_.
+re-fero, referre, rettuli, relatus, _bring_ or _carry back, return_;
+    pedem referre, _to draw back, retire, retreat_; gratiam referre,
+    see gratia.
+reficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectus [re- + facio], _make anew, renew,
+    repair_.
+re-fugio, -fugere, -fugi, _flee back, run away, retreat_.
+re-fulgeo, -fulgere, -fulsi, _flash back, shine_.
+regia, -ae [regius, _royal_], f., _palace_.
+regina, -ae [rex], f., _queen_.
+regio, -onis [rego, _direct_], f., _direction; country, region_.
+regno, -are, -avi, -atus [regnum], _reign, rule_.
+regnum, -i [rex], n., _royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm_.
+regredior, -gredi, -gressus [re- + gradior], _go back, return_.
+re-linquo, -linquere, -liqui, -lictus, _leave behind, leave_.
+reliquus, -a, -um [relinquo], _left, the remaining, the other, the rest
+    of_.
+remedium, -i [re- + medeor, _heal_], n., _remedy_.
+remigo, -are [remex, _rower_], _row_.
+re-moveo, -movere, -movi, -motus, _move back, remove_.
+remus, -i, m., _oar_.
+re-nuntio, -nuntiare, -nuntiavi, -nuntiatus, _bring back word, report,
+    announce_.
+re-pello, repellere, reppuli, repulsus, _drive back_ or _away, repulse,
+    repel_.
+reperio, reperire, repperi, repertus, _find, discover_.
+repertor, -oris [reperio], m., _discoverer, inventor_.
+re-pleo, -plere, -plevi, -pletus, _fill again_ or _up, fill_.
+re-pono, -ponere, -posui, -positus, _put_ or _set back; store up_ or
+    _away_.
+re-porto, -portare, -portavi, -portatus, _carry_ or _bring back_.
+re-pugno, -pugnare, -pugnavi, -pugnatus, _fight against, struggle,
+    resist_.
+res, rei, f., _thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation_; re vera,
+    _in truth, in fact, really_.
+re-sisto, -sistere, -stiti, _stand back, resist_.
+re-spiro, -spirare, -spiravi, -spiratus, _breathe back_ or _out,
+    breathe_.
+re-spondeo, -spondere, -spondi, -sponsus, _reply, answer_.
+responsum, -i [part. of respondeo], n., _reply, answer, response_.
+restituo, -stituere, -stitui, -stitutus [re- + statuo], _set up again,
+    put back, restore_.
+retineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentus [re- + teneo], _hold_ or _keep back,
+    keep, restrain; hold fast_.
+revertor, -verti, -versus, perf. act. -verti [re- + verto], _turn back,
+    return_.
+rex, regis [rego, _direct_], m., _king_.
+Rhadamanthus, -i, m., _Rhadamanthus_.
+rideo, ridere, risi, risus, _laugh_.
+ripa, -ae, f., _bank_.
+rite [ritus, _rite]_, adv., _duly, fitly_.
+robur, roboris, n., _oak_.
+rogo, -are, -avi, -atus, _ask_.
+rogus, -i, m., _funeral pile, pyre_.
+Roma, -ae, f., _Rome_.
+rostrum, -i [rodo, _gnaw_], n., _beak_.
+ruo, -ere, -i, -iturus, _rush_.
+rupes, -is, f., _rock, cliff; reef_.
+rursus [for reversus, part, of revertor], adv., _again_.
+
+S
+
+saccus, -i, m., _bag, sack_.
+sacerdos, -dotis [sacer, _holy_ + do], m. and f., _priest, priestess_.
+sacrificium, -i [sacrifice], n., _sacrifice_.
+sacrifico, -are, -avi, -atus [sacer, _holy_ + facio], _sacrifice_.
+saepe, adv., _often, frequently_.
+saevus, -a, -um, _fierce, savage_.
+sagitta, -ae, f., _arrow_.
+sal, salis, m., _salt_.
+Salmydessus, -i, m., _Salmydessus_.
+salsus, -a, -um [sal], _salted, salt_.
+salus, salutis [salvus, _safe_], f., _safety, deliverance, escape_.
+sanctus, -a, -um [part, of sancio, _make sacred_], _consecrated, sacred_.
+sanguis, sanguinis, m., _blood_.
+sanitas, -tatis [sanus, _sound_], f., _soundness; right reason, sanity_.
+satis, adv., _enough, sufficiently_.
+saxum, -i, n., _rock, stone_.
+scapha, -ae, f., _boat, skiff_.
+scelus, sceleris, n., _wickedness, crime_.
+scientia, -ae [scio], f., _knowledge, skill_.
+scio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, _know_.
+scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptus, _write_.
+scutum, -i, n., _shield_.
+se-cedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw_.
+secundus, -a, -um [sequor], _following, favorable_.
+sed, conj., _but_.
+sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessus, _sit_.
+sedes, -is [sedeo], f., _seat, abode_.
+sementis, -is [semen, _seed_], f., _seeding, sowing_.
+semper, adv., _always_.
+senex, senis, m., _old man_.
+sententia, -ae [sentio], f., _opinion; purpose_.
+sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus, _perceive, feel_.
+sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, sepultus, _bury_.
+septimus, -a, -um [septem, _seven_],_seventh_.
+sepultura, -ae [sepelio], f., _burial_.
+sequor, sequi, secutus, _follow_.
+Seriphus, -i, f., _Seriphos_.
+sermo, -onis [sero, _interweave_], m., _conversation, talk, speech_.
+sero, serere, sevi, satus, _sow, plant_.
+serpens, -entis [part, of serpo, _crawl_], f., _serpent_.
+servio, -ire, -ivi, -itus [servus], _be subject to, serve_.
+servitus, -tutis [servus], f., _slavery, servitude_.
+servo, -are, -avi, -atus, _save, preserve_.
+servus, -i, m., _slave, servant_.
+si, conj., _if_.
+sic, adv., _so, thus_.
+Sicilia, -ae, f., _Sicily_.
+signum, -i, n., _sign, signal_.
+silva, -ae, f., _wood, forest_.
+simul, adv., _at the same time_; simul atque or ac, _as soon as_.
+sine, prep. with abl., _without_.
+sinister, -tra, -trum, _left_.
+sinistra, -ae [sinister], f., _left hand_ (manus understood).
+sinus, -us, m., _bosom, lap_.
+situs, -a, -um [part. of sino], _placed, situated_.
+si-ve or seu, conj., _or if_; sive ... sive, _whether ... or_.
+socius, -i [sequor], m., _companion, comrade, ally_.
+sol, solis, m., _sun_.
+solium, -i [sedeo], n., _seat, throne_.
+sollicitudo, -tudinis [sollicitus], f., _anxiety, care, apprehension_.
+sollicitus, -a, -um, _troubled, anxious_.
+solus, -a, -um, _alone_.
+solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus, _loosen, unbind, release; pay_; with or
+    without navem, _cast off, set sail, put to sea_.
+somnus, -i, m., _sleep, drowsiness_.
+sonitus, -us [sono, _sound_], m. _sound, noise_.
+sonorus, -a, -um [sono, _sound_], _sounding, loud, noisy_.
+soror, -oris, f., _sister_.
+sors, sortis, f., _lot_.
+sortior, -iri, -itus [sors], _cast_ or _draw lots_.
+spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsus, _scatter, sprinkle_.
+spatium, -i, n., _space, interval; space of time, time_.
+species, -ei [specio, _look_], f., _sight, appearance, shape_.
+spectator, -oris [specto], m., _looker-on, spectator_.
+specto, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of specio, _look_], _look at_ or _on_.
+speculum, -i [specio, _look_], n., _looking-glass, mirror_.
+spelunca, -ae, f., _cave, cavern_.
+sperno, spernere, sprevi, spretus, _despise, scorn_.
+spero, -are, -avi, -atus [spes], _hope_.
+spes, spei, f., _hope_.
+sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by mea, tua, sua, _of one's own accord,
+    voluntarily_.
+squalor, -oris [squaleo, _be dirty_], m., _dirt, filth_.
+stabulum, -i [sto], n., _standing-place, stall, stable, inclosure_.
+statim [sto], adv., _on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately_.
+statuo, statuere, statui, statutus [sto], _cause to stand; decide,
+    resolve_.
+stipendium, -i, n., _tax, tribute_.
+sto, stare, steti, status, _stand_.
+stringo, stringere, strinxi, strictus, _draw, unsheathe_.
+studeo, -ere, -ui, _be eager, give attention, apply oneself_.
+studiosus, -a, -um [studium], _eager, diligent, studious_.
+studium, -i [studeo], n., _eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit_.
+stupeo, -ere, -ui, _be stunned, astounded_, or _amazed_.
+Stymphalus, -i, m., _Stymphalus_.
+Stymphalis, -idis [Stymphalus], adj., _of Stymphalus, Stymphalian_.
+Styx, Stygis, f., _Styx_.
+suavis, -e, _sweet, pleasant_.
+sub, prep. with acc. and abl., _under_; sub vesperum, _towards evening_.
+sub-do, -dere, -didi, -ditus, _put under, apply_.
+sub-duco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus, _draw up, beach_.
+sub-eo, -ire, -ii, -itus, _go under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear,
+    endure_.
+subicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [sub + iacio], _throw_ or _place under_.
+subito [subitus, _unexpected_], adv., _unexpectedly, suddenly_.
+sub-levo, -levare, -levavi, -levatus, _lift from beneath, lift, raise_.
+sub-mergo, -mergere, -mersi, -mersus, _plunge under, sink, overwhelm_.
+subsidium, -i [sub + sedeo], n., _reserve, reinforcement, support, help_.
+succedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessus [sub + cedo], _go_ or _come under,
+    follow after, succeed_.
+succendo, -cendere, -cendi, -census, _kindle beneath, set on fire_.
+succido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus [sub + caedo], _cut below_ or _down_.
+sucus, -i, m., _juice_.
+sui, sibi, se or sese, reflexive pron., _himself, herself, itself,
+    themselves_.
+sum, esse, fui, futurus, _be_.
+summus, -a, -um [superl. of superus, _upper_], _uppermost, highest,
+    greatest_.
+sumo, sumere, sumpsi, sumptus [sub + emo], _take under_ or _up, take_;
+    poenam sumere, _to exact_ or _inflict punishment_.
+superior, -ius [comp. of superus, _upper_], adj., _higher; former,
+    previous, preceding_.
+supero, -are, -avi, -atus [superus, _upper_], _overcome, defeat,
+    conquer_.
+super-sum, -esse, -fui, _be over_ or _left, remain_.
+supplicium, -i [supplex, _kneeling_], n., _punishment, torture_.
+suppono, -ponere, -posui, -positus [sub + pono], _place_ or _put under_.
+supra [superus, _upper_], adv. and prep. with acc., _above, before_.
+supremus, -a, -um [superl. of superus, _upper_], _highest, last_.
+suscipio, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus [sub + capio], _undertake_.
+suspendo, -pendere, -pendi, -pensus [sub + pendo], _hang up, hang_.
+suspicio, -onis [suspicio, _look askance at_], f., _suspicion_.
+suspicor, -spicari, -spicatus [suspicio, _look askance at_], _suspect_.
+sustineo, -tinere, -tinui, -tentus [sub + teneo], _hold_ or _bear up,
+    sustain, withstand_.
+suus, -a, -um [sui], _his, her, its_, or _their own; his, her, its,
+    their_.
+Symplegades, -um, f. plur., _the Symplegades_.
+
+T
+
+taceo, -ere, -ui, -itus, _be silent_.
+tacitus, -a, -um [part. of taceo], _silent_.
+Taenarus, -i, m., _Taenarus_.
+talaria, -ium [talus, _ankle_], n. plur., _winged shoes_.
+talis, -e, _such_.
+tam, adv., _so_.
+tamen, adv., _however, yet, nevertheless_.
+tandem, adv., _at length_ or _last, finally_.
+tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus, _touch_.
+tantum [tantus], adv., _so much_ or _far, only_.
+tantus, -a, -um, _so great_ or _much_.
+Tartarus, -i, m., _Tartarus_.
+taurus, -i, m., _bull_.
+tego, tegere, texi, tectus, _cover_.
+telum, -i, n., _missile, spear, weapon_.
+temere, adv., _rashly_.
+tempestas, -tatis [tempus], f., _weather; storm, tempest_.
+templum, -i, n., _sanctuary, temple_.
+tempto, -are, -avi, -atus, _try, attempt_.
+tempus, temporis, n., _time, season_.
+teneo, -ere, -ui, -tus, _hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop_.
+tenuis, -e, _thin_.
+tergum, -i, n., _back_.
+terra, -ae, f., _land, earth_.
+terreo, -ere, -ui, -itus, _frighten, terrify_.
+terribilis, -e [terreo], _dreadful, terrible_.
+terror, -oris [terreo], m., _terror, fright_.
+tertium [tertius], adv., _the_ or _a third time_.
+tertius, -a, -um [tres], _third_.
+texo, -ere, -ui, -tus, _weave_.
+Thebae, -arum, f. plur., _Thebes_.
+Thebani, -orum [Thebae], m. plur., _Thebans_.
+Thermodon, -ontis, m., _Thermodon_.
+Theseus, -i, m., _Theseus_.
+Thessalia, -ae, f., _Thessaly_.
+Thracia, -ae, f., _Thrace_.
+Tiberis, -is, m., _Tiber_.
+timeo, -ere, -ui, _fear_.
+timor, -oris [timeo], m., _fear_.
+tingo, tingere, tinxi, tinctus, _wet, soak, dye_.
+Tiryns, Tirynthis, f., _Tiryns_.
+tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus, _lift, raise; take away, remove_;
+    ancoras tollere, _to weigh anchor_.
+torqueo, torquere, torsi, tortus, _turn_.
+totus, -a, -um, _all the, the whole_ or _entire_.
+tracto, -are, -avi, -atus [freq. of traho], _handle, touch, feel_.
+trado, -dere, -didi, -ditus [trans + do], _give across, over_, or _up,
+    deliver; hand down, relate, report_.
+traduco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductus [trans + duco], _lead across_.
+traho, trahere, traxi, tractus, _draw, drag_.
+traicio, -icere, -ieci, -iectus [trans + iacio], _throw across, strike
+    through, pierce_.
+traiectus, -us [traicio], m., _crossing over, passage_.
+trano, -nare, -navi [trans + no, _swim_], _swim across_ or _over_.
+tranquillitas, -tatis [tranquillus], f., _calm_.
+tranquillus, -a, -um, _calm_.
+trans, prep. with acc., _across, over_.
+trans-eo, -ire, -ii, -itus, _go across_ or _over, cross_.
+trans-figo, -figere, -fixi, -fixus, _thrust_ or _pierce through,
+    transfix_.
+trans-porto, -portare, -portavi, -portatus, _carry across_ or _over,
+    transport_.
+trans-veho, -vehere, -vexi, -vectus, _carry across_ or _over_.
+tres, tria, plur. adj., _three_.
+tributum, -i [part. of tribuo, _contribute_], n., _contribution,
+    tribute_.
+tristitia, -ae [tristis, _sad_], f., _sadness_.
+Troia, -ae, f., _Troy_.
+Troiani, -orum [Troia], m. plur., _Trojans_.
+tu, tui, pers. pron., _thou, you_.
+tum, adv., _then, at that time_.
+turbo, -are, -avi, -atus [turba, _confusion_], _confuse, throw into
+    disorder, disturb, trouble_.
+turbo, turbinis [turbo], m., _whirlwind, hurricane_.
+turpis, -e, _disgraceful_.
+tutus, -a, -um [part. of tueor, _watch over_], _safe_.
+tuus, -a, -um [tu], _thy, thine, your_.
+
+U
+
+ubi, adv., _where_; conj., _when_.
+ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus, _avenge_.
+ullus, -a, -um, _any_.
+ulterior, -ius [comp. from ultra, _beyond_], adj., _farther_.
+Ulixes, -is, m., _Ulysses_.
+umbra, -ae, f., _shadow, shade_.
+umerus, -i, m., _shoulder_.
+umquam, adv., _ever_.
+unda, -ae, f., _wave_.
+unde, adv., _whence_.
+undecimus, -a, -um [undecim, _eleven_], _eleventh_.
+undique [unde + -que], adv., _from_ or _on all sides_.
+ungo, ungere, unxi, unctus, _smear, anoint_.
+unguentum, -i [ungo], n., _ointment_.
+universus, -a, -um [unus + verto], _all together, whole, entire, all_.
+unus, -a, -um, _one; only, alone_.
+urbs, urbis, f., _city_.
+uro, urere, ussi, ustus, _burn_.
+usque, adv., _all the time_; usque ad, _as far as, until_; quo usque,
+    see quo.
+usus, -us [utor], m., _use; experience_.
+ut, conj., _as; when; that_; ita ut, _as_.
+uter, utra, utrum, _which_? of two.
+uter, utris, m., _wine-skin_.
+uter-que, utraque, utrumque, _each, either, both_.
+utor, uti, usus, _use_.
+utrimque [uterque], adv., _on either side_ or _both sides_.
+uxor, -oris, f., _wife_.
+
+V
+
+vacuus, -a, -um [vaco, _be empty_], _empty_.
+valeo, -ere, -ui, -iturus, _be strong_ or _effectual, have effect,
+    prevail_.
+validus, -a, -um [valeo], _strong_.
+vallis, -is, f., _valley_.
+varius, -a, -um, _various_.
+vas, vasis, n., plur. vasa, -orum, _vessel_.
+vasto, -are, -avi, -atus [vastus], _lay waste_.
+vastus, -a, -um, _waste, huge, enormous, vast_.
+vehementer [vehemens, _violent_], adv., _violently, vehemently;
+    earnestly; exceedingly, greatly_.
+veho, vehere, vexi, vectus, _carry_.
+vellus, velleris, n., _fleece_.
+velo, -are, -avi, -atus [velum, _veil_], _veil, cover_.
+vel-ut, _even_ or _just as, as_.
+venatio, -onis [venor, _hunt_], f., _hunting_.
+venenum, -i, n., _poison_.
+venio, venire, veni, ventus, _come_.
+venter, ventris, m., _belly_.
+ventus, -i, m., _wind_.
+verbum, -i, n., _word_.
+vereor, -eri, -itus, _fear_.
+vero [verus], adv., _in truth, indeed; however_.
+versor, -ari, -atus [freq. of verto], _keep turning, be busy_ or
+    _employed, be_.
+verto, vertere, verti, versus, _turn_.
+verus, -a, -um, _true_; re vera, _in truth, in fact_.
+vescor, -i, _feed on, eat_.
+vesper, vesperi, m., _evening_.
+vester, -tra, -trum [vos], _your_.
+vestigium, -i [vestigo, _track_], n., _track, foot-print_.
+vestis, -is, f., _clothing, dress, robe_.
+vestitus, -us [vestio, _clothe_], m., _clothing_.
+via, -ae, f., _road, way_.
+viator, -toris [via], m., _wayfarer, traveler_.
+victima, -ae [vinco, _overcome_], f., _victim_.
+victoria, -ae [vinco, _overcome_], f., _victory_.
+victus, -us [vivo], m., _sustenance, food_.
+vicus, -i, m., _village_.
+video, videre, vidi, visus, _see; _ pass., _seem_.
+vigilia, -ae [vigil, _awake_], f., _watch_.
+viginti, indecl. adj., _twenty_.
+villa, -ae, f., _country-house, villa_.
+vimen, -minis, n., _osier_.
+vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctus, _bind_.
+vinculum, -i [vincio], n., _bond, chain_.
+vinum, -i, n., _wine_.
+vir, viri, m., _man_.
+virgo, virginis, f., _maiden_.
+virtus, -tutis [vir], f., _manliness, courage, bravery_.
+vis, vis, f., _violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy_; plur. vires,
+    -ium, _strength_; omnibus viribus, _with all one's strength, with
+    might and main_.
+visus, -us [video], m., _sight_.
+vita, -ae [vivo], f., _life_.
+vito, -are, -avi, -atus, _avoid, escape_.
+vivo, vivere, vixi, victus, _live_.
+vivus, -a, -um [vivo], _alive, living_.
+vix, adv., _with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely_.
+voco, -are, -avi, -atus [vox], _call, summon_.
+Volcanus, -i, m., _Vulcan_.
+volo, -are, -avi, -aturus, _fly_.
+volo, velle, volui, _wish_.
+volucris, -is [volo], f., _bird_.
+voluntas, -tatis [volo], f., _wish, will_.
+voluptas, -tatis [volo], f., _pleasure_.
+vos, plur. of tu.
+voro, -are, -avi, -atus, _swallow whole, devour_.
+vox, vocis, f., _voice; word_.
+vulnero, -are, -avi, -atus [vulnus], _wound_.
+vulnus, vulneris, n., _wound_.
+
+Z
+
+Zephyrus, -i, m., _Zephyrus, the west wind_.
+Zetes, -ae, m., _Zetes_.
+
+
+END OF VOL. I
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles, by John Kirtland, ed.
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES ***
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