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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Esperanto Teacher, by Helen Fryer
+
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+**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
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+**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
+
+*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!*****
+
+
+Title: The Esperanto Teacher
+ A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians
+
+Author: Helen Fryer
+
+Release Date: May, 2005 [EBook #8177]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on June 26, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ESPERANTO TEACHER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Tiffany Vergon, William Patterson
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ THE
+ ESPERANTO TEACHER,
+
+
+ A SIMPLE COURSE FOR
+ NON-GRAMMARIANS.
+
+
+ BY
+ HELEN FRYER.
+
+
+ TENTH EDITION.
+ (B.E.A. PUBLICATIONS FUND--No. 3).
+
+
+ All profits from the sale of this book are devoted to the
+ propaganda of Esperanto.
+
+
+
+ LONDON:
+ BRITISH ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION (Incorporated),
+ 17, Hart Street, W.C.I.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ PRESENTATION.
+
+Perhaps to no one is Esperanto of more service than to the
+non-grammarian. It gives him for a minimum expenditure of time and money
+a valuable insight into the principles of grammar and the meaning of
+words, while enabling him, after only a few months of study, to get into
+communication with his fellow men in all parts of the world.
+
+To place these advantages within easy reach of all is the aim of this
+little book. Written by an experienced teacher, revised by Mr. E. A.
+Millidge, and based on the exercises of Dr. Zamenhof himself, it merits
+the fullest confidence of the student, and may be heartily commended to
+all into whose hands it may come.
+
+ W. W. PADFIELD.
+
+
+ PREFACE.
+
+This little book has been prepared in the hope of helping those who,
+having forgotten the lessons in grammar which they received at school,
+find some difficulty in learning Esperanto from the existing textbooks.
+It is hoped it will be found useful not only for solitary students, but
+also for class work.
+
+The exercises are taken chiefly from the "Ekzercaro" of Dr. Zamenhof.
+The compiler also acknowledges her indebtedness especially to the
+"Standard Course of Esperanto," by Mr. G. W. Bullen, and to the
+"Esperanto Grammar and Commentary," by Major-General Geo. Cox, and while
+accepting the whole responsibility for all inaccuracies and crudenesses,
+she desires to thank all who have helped in the preparation, and
+foremost among them Mr. W. W. Padfield, of Ipswich, for advice and
+encouragement throughout the work, and to Mr. E. A. Millidge, for his
+unfailing kindness and invaluable counsel and help in its preparation
+and revision.
+
+
+ MANNER OF USING THE BOOK.
+
+The student is strongly advised to cultivate the habit of thinking in
+Esperanto from the very beginning of the study. To do this he should
+try to realise the idea mentally without putting it into English words,
+e.g., when learning the word "rozo" or "kolombo," let him bring the
+object itself before his mind's eye, instead of repeating "'rozo',
+rose; 'kolombo', pigeon"; or with the sentence "'la suno brilas', the
+sun shines," let him picture the sun shining. Having studied the lesson
+and learned the vocabulary, he should read the exercise, repeating each
+sentence aloud until he has become familiar with it and can pronounce
+it freely. Then turning to the English translation at the end of the
+book, he should write the exercise into Esperanto, compare it with
+the original, and re-learn and re-write if necessary. Although this
+method may require a little more time and trouble at first, the greater
+facility gained in speaking the language will well repay the outlay.
+
+After mastering this book the student should take some reader, such
+as "Unua Legolibro," by Dr. Kabe, and then proceed to the "Fundamenta
+Krestomatio," the standard work on Esperanto, by Dr. Zamenhof.
+
+A very good Esperanto-English vocabulary is to be found in the
+"Esperanto Key," 1/2d., or in "The Whole of Esperanto for a Penny."
+
+
+ THE ORIGIN AND AIM OF ESPERANTO.
+
+A few words as to the origin of Esperanto will perhaps not be out
+of place here. The author of the language, Dr. Ludovic Zamenhof, a
+Polish Jew, was born on December 3rd, 1859, at Bielovstok, in Poland,
+a town whose inhabitants are of four distinct races, Poles, Russians,
+Germans, and Jews, each with their own language and customs, and
+often at open enmity with each other. Taught at home that all men are
+brethren, Zamenhof found everywhere around him outside the denial of
+this teaching, and even as a child came to the conclusion that the races
+hated, because they could not understand, each other. Feeling keenly,
+too, the disabilities under which his people specially laboured, being
+cut off by their language from the people among whom they lived, while
+too proud to learn the language of their persecutors, he set himself to
+invent a language which should be neutral and therefore not require any
+sacrifice of pride on the part of any race.
+
+Interesting as is the story of Zamenhof's attempts and difficulties, it
+must suffice here to say that at the end of 1878 the new language was
+sufficiently advanced for him to impart it to schoolfellows like-minded
+with himself, and on December 17th of that year they feted its birth,
+and sang a hymn in the new language, celebrating the reign of unity and
+peace which should be brought about by its means, "All mankind must
+be united in one family." But the enthusiasm of its first followers
+died down under the derision they encountered, and for nine years more
+Zamenhof worked in secret at his language, translating, composing,
+writing original articles, improving, polishing, till in 1887 he
+published his first book under the title of "An International Language
+by Dr. Esperanto." ("Esperanto" means "one who hopes").
+
+That the idea which impelled the young Zamenhof to undertake such a work
+is still the mainspring of his devotion to the cause is shown by the
+following extract from his opening speech at the second International
+Esperanto Congress in 1906:--"We are all conscious that it is not
+the thought of its practical utility which inspires us to work for
+Esperanto, but only the thought of the important and holy idea which
+underlies an international language. This idea, you all know, is that
+of: brotherhood and justice among all peoples." And, again, in his
+presidential address at the third Esperanto Congress, held this year
+(1907) at Cambridge, he said, "We are constantly repeating that we do
+not wish to interfere in the internal life of the nations, but only to
+build a bridge between the peoples. The ideal aim of Esperantists, never
+until now exactly formulated, but always clearly felt, is: To establish
+a neutral foundation, on which the various races of mankind may hold
+peaceful, brotherly intercourse, without intruding on each other their
+racial differences."
+
+ Sur neuxtrala lingva fundamento,
+ Komprenante unu la alian,
+ La popoloj faros en konsento
+ Unu grandan rondon familian.
+
+ (On the foundation of a neutral language,
+ Understanding one another,
+ The peoples will form in agreement
+ One great family circle).
+
+ HELEN FRYER.
+
+December, 1907.
+
+
+ THE ALPHABET.
+
+
+ SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS.
+
+In Esperanto each letter has only one sound, and each sound is
+represented in only one way. The words are pronounced exactly as spelt,
+every letter being sounded.
+
+Those CONSONANTS which in English have one simple sound only are exactly
+the same in Esperanto; they are--b, d, f, k, l, m, n, p, r, t, v, z (r
+must be well rolled).
+
+q, w, x, y are not used.
+
+c, g, h, s, which in English represent more than one sound, and j are
+also used with the mark ^--
+
+ c cx, g gx, h hx, j jx, s sx.
+
+c - (whose two English sounds are represented by k and s) has the sound
+of TS, as in iTS, TSar.
+
+cx - like CH, TCH, in CHurCH, maTCH.
+
+g - hard, as in Go, GiG, Gun.
+
+gx - soft, as in Gentle, Gem, or like J in Just, Jew.
+
+h - well breathed, as in Horse, Home, How.
+
+hx - strongly breathed, and in the throat, as in the Scotch word loCH.
+(Ask any Scotsman to pronounce it). Hx occurs but seldom. It is the
+Irish GH in louGH, and the Welsh CH.
+
+j - like Y in Yes, You, or J in halleluJah, fJord.
+
+jx - like S in pleaSure, or the French J, as in deJeuner, Jean d'Arc.
+
+s - like SS in aSS, leSS, never like S in roSe.
+
+sx - like SH in SHe, SHall, SHip, or S in Sugar, Sure.
+
+In newspapers, etc., which have not the proper type, cx, gx, hx, jx, sx
+are often replaced by ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, or by c', g', h', j', s', and
+ux by u.
+
+ux - is also a consonant, and has the sound of W in We, as EUXropo, or U
+in persUade.
+
+The VOWELS a, e, i, o, u have not the English, but the Continental
+sounds.
+
+a - always like A in Ah! or in tArt.
+
+e - like E in bEnd, but broader, like E in thEre.
+
+i - is a sound between EE in mEEt and I in Is.
+
+o - like O in fOr, or in the Scottish NO, or AU in AUght.
+
+u - like OO in bOOt, pOOr.
+
+a, e, i, o, u are all simple sounds, that is, the mouth is kept in one
+position while they are being sounded. In learning them lengthen them
+out, and be careful not to alter the position of the mouth, however long
+they are drawn out. In the compound sounds given below the shape of the
+mouth changes; to get the correct pronunciation sound each letter fully
+and distinctly, gradually bringing them closer until they run together,
+when they become almost as follows:--
+
+aj - nearly like AI in AIsle, or I in nIce, fIne.
+
+ej - nearly like EI in vEIn.
+
+oj - nearly like OY in bOY, or OI in vOId.
+
+uj - nearly like UJ in hallelUJah.
+
+aux - like AHW, or nearly OU in hOUse, pronounced broadly, haOUse.
+
+eux - like EHW, or EY W in thEY Were, AYW in wAYWard.
+
+Practise saying aja, eja, oja, uja, auxa, euxa several times quickly.
+Then gradually drop the final a.
+
+
+ ACCENT.
+
+The accent or stress is always placed on the syllable before the last,
+as es-PE-ro, es-pe-RAN-to, es-pe-ran-TIS-to, es-pe-ran-tis-TI-no; JU-na,
+ju-NU-lo, ju-nu-LA-ro. All the syllables must be clearly pronounced, not
+slurred over.
+
+
+ EXERCISE IN PRONOUNCIATION.
+
+a - (as in bAth), PAT-ra, LA-na, a-GRA-bla, mal-VAR-ma, KLA-ra,
+pa-FA-do.
+
+e - (as in bEnd), BE-la, mEm, fe-NES-tro, ven-DRE-do, tre-E-ge,
+le-TE-ro.
+
+i - (as in sEE), mi, I-li, i-MI-ti, vi-ZI-ti, TRIN-ki, in-SIS-ti.
+
+o - (as in fOr), HO-mo, RO-zo, ko-LOM-bo, DOR-mo (the R rolled), MOR-to,
+po-PO-lo.
+
+u - (as in bOOt), U-nu, dum, BRU-lu, sur-TU-to, vul-TU-ro, mur-MUR-i.
+
+aj - (as in nIce), ajn, kaj, rAJ-to, taj-LO-ro, FAJ-ro, BE-laj.
+
+ej - (as in plAY), VEJ-no, HEJ-mo, plej, HEJ-to.
+
+oj - (as in bOY), PAT-roj, FOJ-no, HO-mojn, KOJ-no, SOJ-lo, KON-koj.
+
+uj - (as in hallelUJah), tuj, CXI-uj, TI-uj.
+
+aux - (as in cOW), AN-taux, LAUX-bo, fraux-LI-no, KAUX-zi, auxs- KUL-tu,
+AUX-di.
+
+eux - (like ehw), Eux-RO-po, neux-ral-GI-o, Eux-kar-IS-to,
+reux-ma-TIS-mo.
+
+c - (= ts, biTS), CE-lo, fa-CI-la (=FA-TSEE-LA), be-LE-co (BE-LE-TSO),
+ofi-CI-ro, PA-co, ci-ko-NI-o, CO-lo.
+
+cx - (= tch, maTCH), cxu, ecx, cxe, CXAM-bro, CXER-pi, TRAN-cxi, RI-cxa.
+
+g - (as in Good), LON-ga, LE-gi, ge-NU-o, GEN-to, GLI-ti, GRO-so.
+
+gx - (as in Gem), GXE-mi, gxis, gxar-DE-no, SA-gxa, MAN-gxi, RE-gxo.
+
+h - (breathed), HA-ro, hi-RUN-do, ha-RIN-go, his-to-RI-o, he-DE-ro,
+HIM-no.
+
+hx - (in throat), hxe-MI-o, hxo-LE-ro, me-hxa-NI-ko, E-hxo, hxa-O-so.
+
+j - (like y), JU-na, ma-JES-ta, sin-JO-ro, ka-JE-ro, jes, ja.
+
+jx - (= zh), bon-AJX-o, JXE-ti, jxur-NA-lo, jxus, JXAUX-do, jxa-LU-zo.
+
+s - (ss), SU-per, ses, STA-ri, trans, ves-PE-ro, SVIN-gi.
+
+sx - (sh), FRE-sxa, SXE-lo, KU-sxi, SXTU-po, SXVI-ti, SXVE-li.
+
+kz - ek-ZER-co, ek-ZEM-plo, ek-za-ME-no, ek-ze-KU-ti, ek-ZI-li,
+ek-ZIS-ti.
+
+kv - kvar, kvin, kvi-E-ta, KVAN-kam, KVER-ko, KVA-zaux.
+
+gv - GVI-di, LIN-gvo.
+
+kn - KNA-bo, KNE-di.
+
+sc - (sts), SCI-o (sts-ee-o), SCE-no (stse-no), SCEP-tro, eks-CI-ti
+(eks-TSEE-tee), eks-cel-EN-co (eks-tsel-EN-tso), sci-EN-co
+(stsee-en-tso).
+
+CEN-to, SEN-to; CE-lo, SE-lo, SXE-lo; CO-lo, KO-lo; ci, cxi; ec, ecx;
+KRU-co, KRU-cxo; PA-go, PA-gxo; RE-gi, RE-gxi; SE-gi, SE-gxo; HO-ro,
+HXO-ro; PE-si, PE-zi; STE-lo, SXTE-lo; SAN-go, SXAN-go; VER-so, VER-sxi;
+dis-I-ri, dis-SXI-ri; GUS-ta, GXUS-ta; STU-po, SXTU-po; STA-lo, SXTA-lo;
+POS-to, POSX-to; re-SER-vi, re-ZER-vi; ru-GXI-gi, ru-CXI-gxi; ri-CXI-gi,
+ri-CXI-gxi, ri-CXE-co; FTI-zo.
+
+a-E-ro, oce-A-no, fe-I-no, GXU-i, pe-RE-i, pe-RE-u; fo-I-ro,
+CXI-u-JA-ra, VO-joj, tro-U-zi, for-RAM-pi, ku-I-ri; SKVA-mo,
+zo-o-lo-GI-o, en-U-i, de-TRU-u, SXPRU-ci, ru-I-ni; Jan-u-A-ro,
+Feb-ru-A-ro, li-E-no, ho-DI-aux, hi-E-raux, Hun-gar-U-jo, Ne-a-PO-lo,
+sci-U-ro.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+NOTE.--A useful mnemonic for the Esperanto vowels is pAr, pEAr, pIEr,
+pORe, pOOr, but the sounds should not be dragged. It is helpful to note
+that the English words "mate, reign, pane, bend; meet, beat, feel, lady;
+grow, loan, soft; mute, yes, mule" (as pronounced in London and South of
+England), would be written in Esperanto thus:--"mejt, rejn, pejn, bend;
+mijt, bijt, fijl, lejdi; groux, louxn, soft; mjut, jes, mjul".
+
+
+ LESSON 1.
+
+ WORDS.
+
+In Esperanto a word generally consists of an unchanging part or root,
+which expresses the idea, and an ending which shows the use of the word,
+that is, whether it is a name, a describing word, etc. By changing the
+ending the use of the word is changed.
+
+Notice carefully the words given below which end in "o". It will be seen
+that they are all names.
+
+In Esperanto every name ends in "o".
+
+(In Grammar names are called NOUNS).
+
+Notice further the words which end in "-as." They all express doing or
+being (action or state), which is going on at the present time, or which
+is a custom at the present time.
+
+The words "a," "an," are not expressed; "the" is translated by "la".
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ pAtro : father. cxAmbro : room.
+ frAto : brother. fenEstro : window.
+ fIlo : son. lIbro : book.
+ TeodOro :Theodore. krajOno : pencil.
+ tajlOro : tailor. plUmo : pen.
+ leOno : lion. cxapElo : hat.
+ bEsto : animal. dOmo : house.
+ kolOmbo : pigeon. Arbo : tree.
+ bIrdo : bird.
+ rOzo : rose. Estas : is, are, am.
+ flOro : flower. apartEnas : belongs.
+ pOmo : apple. brIlas : shines.
+ sUno : sun. kUsxas : lies.
+ tEro : earth, ground. stAras : stands.
+ sxtOno : stone.
+
+ la : the. de : of, from.
+ kaj : and. kIe : where.
+ jes : yes. kIo : what thing.
+ ne : no, not. jen Estas : here is.
+ al : to, towards. cxu : whether (asks a question).
+ sur : on. Antaux : before, in front of.
+ en : in.
+ Apud : by, near, beside.
+
+ (The [UPPERCASE] shows the accented syllable).
+
+Patro kaj frato. Leono estas besto. Rozo estas floro kaj kolombo estas
+birdo. La rozo apartenas al Teodoro. La suno brilas. La patro estas
+tajloro. Kie estas la libro kaj la krajono? Jen estas pomo. Sur la tero
+kusxas sxtono. Sur la fenestro kusxas krajono kaj plumo. La filo staras
+apud la patro. Jen kusxas la cxapelo de la patro. La patro estas en la
+cxambro. Antaux la domo staras arbo.
+
+Kio estas leono? Kio estas rozo? Kio brilas? Kio estas la patro? Kie
+estas la patro? Kio estas sur la fenestro? Kie estas la plumo?
+
+Cxu leono estas besto? Jes, leono estas besto. Cxu rozo estas birdo? Ne,
+rozo ne estas birdo, rozo estas floro.
+
+
+ LESSON 2.
+
+Every "describing" word, that is, every word which tells the kind or
+quality of a person or thing, ends in "a," as "granda", large; "rugxa",
+red.
+
+(A describing word is called an ADJECTIVE).
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ bEla : beautiful. jUna : young.
+ blAnka : white. matUra : mature, ripe.
+ blUa : blue. nOva : new.
+ bOna : good. nUtra : nutritious.
+ fidEla : faithful. pUra : pure, clean.
+ fOrta : strong. rIcxa : rich.
+ frEsxa : fresh. sAna : well (healthy).
+
+ cxiElo : sky, heaven. nEgxo : snow.
+ fEsto : holiday. pAno : bread.
+ frauxlIno : maiden lady, Miss papEro : paper.
+ hOmo : man (human being). tAblo : table.
+ hUndo : dog. vIno : wine.
+ infAno : child. Onklo : uncle.
+ JohAno : John. pli : more.
+ kajEro : exercise book. ol : than.
+ lAkto : milk. sed : but.
+ mAno : hand. tre : very.
+
+La patro estas sana. Infano ne estas matura homo. La cxielo estas blua.
+Leono estas forta. La patro estas bona. La mano de Johano estas pura.
+Papero estas blanka. Blanka papero kusxas sur la tablo. Jen estas la
+kajero de la juna frauxlino. Sur la cxielo staras la bela suno. La
+papero estas tre blanka, sed la negxo estas pli blanka. Lakto estas pli
+nutra, ol vino. La pano estas fresxa. La onklo estas pli ricxa, ol la
+frato. Jen kusxas rugxa rozo. La hundo estas tre fidela. La libro estas
+nova.
+
+
+ LESSON 3.
+
+When the name (noun) is required to denote more than one of the persons
+or things for which it stands, "j" is added to it, as "rozoj", roses;
+"kolomboj", pigeons; and then every "describing" word (adjective) which
+belongs to it must also have "j", as "rugxaj rozoj", red roses; "la
+kolomboj estas belaj", the pigeons are beautiful.
+
+(When the noun stands for "more than one," it is said to be PLURAL. "j"
+is the sign of the plural).
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ jAro : year. agrAbla : agreeable, pleasant.
+ kAnto : song. Akra : sharp.
+ knAbo : boy. delikAta : delicate.
+ lilIo : lily. flUgas : fly, flies.
+ trancxIlo : knife. diligenta : diligent.
+ dento : tooth.
+
+ lUndo : Monday. vendrEdo : Friday.
+ mArdo : Tuesday. sabAto : Saturday.
+ merkrEdo : Wednesday. dimAncxo : Sunday.
+ jxAUXdo : Thursday.
+
+La birdoj flugas. La kanto de la birdoj estas agrabla. Kie estas la
+knaboj? La patroj estas sanaj. Infanoj ne estas maturaj homoj. Leonoj
+estas fortaj. La manoj de Johano estas puraj. Jen estas la kajeroj de la
+junaj frauxlinoj. La onkloj estas pli ricxaj, ol la fratoj. La hundoj
+estas tre fidelaj. Blankaj paperoj kusxas sur la tablo. En la cxambro
+estas novaj cxapeloj. Kie estas la akraj trancxiloj? Bonaj infanoj estas
+diligentaj. Jen kusxas puraj, blankaj, delikataj lilioj. La dentoj de
+leonoj estas akraj.
+
+
+ LESSON 4.
+
+ mi : I. ni : we,
+ ci : thou. vi : you.
+ li : he. ili : they.
+ sxi : she. si (see Lesson 7).
+ gxi : it oni : one, they, people.
+
+
+(The above words are called PRONOUNS because they are used instead of
+repeating the noun).
+
+By adding "a" the pronouns are made to denote a quality, in this case
+possession, as "mia libro", my book; "via pomo", your apple; "ilia
+infano", their child.
+
+ mia : my, mine. nia : our, ours.
+ cia : thy, thine. via : your, yours,
+ lia : his. ilia : their, theirs.
+ sxia : her, hers. sia (see Lesson 7),
+ gxia : its.
+
+When the name to which these "pronoun-adjectives" belong is plural they
+must of course take "j", as "miaj libroj", my books; "viaj pomoj", your
+apples; "iliaj infanoj", their children.
+
+In speaking of relations and parts of the body "la" is often used
+instead of "mia", "lia", etc., as "La filo staras apud la patro", The
+son stands by the (his) father.
+
+For "mine," "ours," etc., "mia", "nia", etc., may be used either with or
+without "la", as "La libro estas mia", or "La libro estas la mia", The
+book is mine.
+
+"Oni" is used for "one, they, people", when these words are indefinite
+in meaning, as in the sentences:--Here one can speak fearlessly, "Tie
+cxi oni povas maltime paroli", They say that he is rich, "Oni diras, ke
+li estas ricxa", People often eat too quickly, "Oni ofte mangxas tro
+rapide."
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ Avo : grandfather. vEnkas : conquers.
+ amIko : friend. mAngxi : to eat.
+ gxardEno : garden gxentIla : polite.
+ knabIno : girl. silEnte : silently.
+ rUso : Russian. kIu : who, which (that).
+ sinjOro gentleman, Mr., Sir. cxIu : each one, every.
+ vEro : truth. cxIuj : all, all the.
+ vEnas : comes. la plej : the most.
+ Iras : goes. tIel : as, so.
+ lEgas : reads. kIel : as.
+ skrIbas : writes. nun : now.
+ plOras : cry, cries. Ankaux : also.
+ vOlas : wills, wishes. cxIam : always.
+ dIras : says. el : out of.
+ sIdas : sits. cxar : because, for.
+
+Mi legas. Vi skribas. Li estas knabo, kaj sxi estas knabino. Ni estas
+homoj. Vi estas infanoj. Ili estas rusoj. Kie estas la knaboj? Ili estas
+en la gxardeno, Kie estas la knabinoj? Ili ankaux estas en la gxardeno.
+Kie estas la trancxiloj? Ili kusxas sur la tablo. La infano ploras, cxar
+gxi volas mangxi. Sinjoro, vi estas negxentila. Sinjoroj, vi estas
+negxentilaj. Oni diras; ke la vero cxiam venkas. La domo apartenas al
+li. Mi venas de la avo, kaj mi iras nun al la onklo. Mi estas tiel
+forta, kiel vi. Nun mi legas, vi legas, kaj li legas, ni cxiuj legas. Vi
+skribas, kaj la infanoj skribas, ili (vi) cxiuj sidas silente kaj
+skribas.
+
+Mia hundo, vi estas tre fidela. Li estas mia onklo, cxar mia patro estas
+lia frato. El cxiuj miaj infanoj, Ernesto estas la plej juna. Lia patro
+kaj liaj fratoj estas en la gxardeno. sxia onklo estas en la domo. Kie
+estas viaj libroj? Niaj libroj kusxas sur la tablo; iliaj krajonoj kaj
+ilia papero ankaux kusxas sur la tablo.
+
+Kiu estas en la cxambro? Kiuj estas en la cxambro? La sinjoro, kiu
+legas, estas mia amiko. La sinjoro, al kiu vi skribas, estas tajloro.
+Kio kusxas sur la tablo?
+
+
+ LESSON 5.
+
+ The use of final "n".
+
+In order to understand the meaning of a sentence it is necessary to be
+able to recognise clearly and unmistakably what it is that is spoken
+about, that is, what the "subject of the sentence" is. In English this
+is often to be recognised only by its position in the sentence. For
+instance, the three words--visited, John, George, can be arranged to
+mean two entirely, different things, either "John visited George," or
+"George visited John." [Footnote: In teaching Esperanto to children it
+is well to make sure before going further that they thoroughly
+understand, what the subject is. The subject is that which we think or
+speak about. The word which stands for it is the subject of the
+sentence. The children may be required to underline the subject of each
+sentence in a suitable piece of prose or verse.] In Esperanto the sense
+does not depend on the arrangement-- "Johano vizitis Georgon" and
+"Georgon vizitis Johano" mean exactly the same thing, that John visited
+George, the "n" at the end of "Georgon" showing that "Georgon" is not
+the subject. There is no want of clearness about the following
+(Esperanto) sentences, absurd as they are in English:--
+
+ La patron mordis la hundo.
+ The father bit the dog.
+
+ La infanon gratis la kato.
+ The child scratched the cat.
+
+ La birdojn pafis Johano.
+ The birds shot John.
+
+ La musojn kaptis la knabo.
+ The mice caught the boy.
+
+ La kokidon mangxis la onklo.
+ The chicken ate the uncle.
+
+ La bildon pentris la pentristo.
+ The picture painted the painter.
+
+ La fisxojn vendis la fisxisto.
+ The fish sold the fisherman.
+
+In these sentences the subjects are at once seen to be "hundo, kato,
+Johano, knabo, onklo, pentristo, fisxisto", for the final "n" in
+"patron, infanon, birdojn, musojn, kokidon, bildon, fisxojn",
+distinguishes these words from the subject.
+
+This use of "n" renders clear sentences that are not clear in English.
+"John loves Mary more than George" may mean "more than John loves
+George" or "more than George loves Mary." In Esperanto it is quite
+clear. "Johano amas Marion, pli ol Georgo" means "more than George loves
+Mary," because "Georgo" is the subject of the second (elliptical)
+sentence, but "Johano amas Marion, pli ol Georgon" means "more than
+John loves George," because the final "n" in Georgon shows this to be
+not the subject.
+
+There are cases, however, in which it is not necessary to add "n", the
+noun or pronoun being distinguished from the subject in another way.
+Examples are found in the first exercise:--"Sur la tero" kusxas sxtono,
+"On the ground" lies a stone. "Antaux la pordo" staras arbo, "Before the
+door" stands a tree. Notwithstanding their position, "ground" and "door"
+are seen to be not the subject, because before them are the words "on,"
+"before," which connect them with the rest of the sentence--it is "on
+the ground," "before the door." So with other sentences.
+
+The words "on", "before", and others given [in Lesson 26] are called
+PREPOSITIONS ("pre" = before). The noun or pronoun which follows them
+can never be the subject of the sentence.
+
+Remember, then, that
+
+"N" is added to every noun and pronoun, "other than the subject", unless
+it has a preposition before it. [Footnote: (i.). The explanation usually
+given for the use of final "n" is, that "n" is added to nouns and
+pronouns (a) in the Accusative Case (the direct object), (b) when the
+preposition is omitted. The explanation given above seems to me,
+however, to be much simpler. (ii.). Another use of final "n" is given
+later [Lesson 12, Lesson 26] ]
+
+When the noun takes "n", any adjective which belongs to it must also
+take "n", as, "Li donas al mi belan rugxan floron", He gives me a
+beautiful red flower. "Li donas al mi belajn rugxajn florojn", He gives
+me beautiful red flowers.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ letero : letter. mateno : morning.
+ litero : letter of alphabet. multaj : many.
+ festo : festival, holiday. obstina : obstinate.
+ tago : day. gxoja : joyful, joyous.
+ nokto : night. hela : bright, clear.
+
+ amas : loves. pala : pale.
+ vidas : sees. deziras : desires, wishes.
+ konas : knows. eraras : errs, is wrong.
+ havas : has, possesses. vokas : calls.
+ luno : moon. hejtas : heats.
+ stelo : star. hodiaux : to:day.
+ vintro : winter. malpli : less.
+ forno : stove. kiam : when.
+ edzino : wife. kia : what (kind).
+
+Mi vidas leonon (leonojn). Mi legas libron (librojn). Mi amas la patron.
+Mi konas Johanon. La patro ne legas libron, sed li skribas leteron. Mi
+ne amas obstinajn homojn. Mi deziras al vi bonan tagon, sinjoro. Bonan
+matenon! Gxojan feston (mi deziras al vi). Kia gxoja festo (estas
+hodiaux)! En la tago ni vidas la helan sunon, kaj en la nokto ni vidas
+la palan lunon kaj la belajn stelojn. Ni havas pli fresxan panon, ol vi.
+Ne, vi eraras, sinjoro, via pano estas malpli fresxa, ol mia. Ni vokas
+la knabon, kaj li venos. En la vintro oni hejtas la fornojn. Kiam oni
+estas ricxa, oni havas multajn amikojn. Li amas min, sed mi lin ne amas.
+Sinjoro P. kaj lia edzino tre amas miajn infanojn; mi ankaux tre amas
+iliajn (infanojn). Mi ne konas la sinjoron, kiu legas.
+
+
+ LESSON 6.
+
+We have seen already (Lesson 1) that the words which end in "-as"
+express the idea of "doing" (action) or of "being" (state), and that
+they assert that this action or state is going on, or is a custom, at
+the present time, as "Mi vidas", I see; "Sxi estas", She is; "Ili
+suferas", They suffer, they are suffering.
+
+To say that the action or state took place at some "past" time, "-is" is
+used, as "Mi vidis", I saw; "Sxi estis", She was; "Ili suferis", They
+suffered, they were suffering.
+
+To say that the action or state will take place at some time to come, in
+the future, "-os" is used, as, "Mi vidos", I shall see; "Sxi estos", She
+will be; "Ili suferos", They will suffer, they will be suffering.
+
+(Words which assert something, or which express the idea of doing or of
+being, are called VERBS).
+
+(The root only of the verbs will now be given in the Vocabulary without
+the termination).
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ historio : history. dorm- : sleep.
+ kuzo : cousin. vek- : wake.
+ plezuro : pleasure. sercx- : seek.
+ horlogxo : clock. fin- : end.
+ laboro : work. tim- : fear.
+ popolo : a people. ating- : reach to.
+ virino : woman. surda : deaf.
+ agxo : age. muta : dumb.
+ jaro : year. dolcxa : sweet.
+ permeso : permission. tri : three.
+ respond- : answer. dek-kvin : fifteen.
+ far- : do, make. kial : why.
+ forpel- : drive away. hieraux : yesterday.
+ ricev- : receive, get. morgaux : to-morrow.
+ don- : give. antaux : before.
+ trov- : find. post : after.
+ renkont- : meet. jam : already.
+ salut- : greet, salute. jam ne : no more.
+ rakont- : relate, tell. ankoraux : still, yet.
+ vizit- : visit.
+
+Kial vi ne respondas al mi? Cxu vi estas surda aux muta? Kion vi faras?
+
+
+La knabo forpelis la birdojn. De la patro mi ricevis libron, kaj de la
+frato mi ricevis plumon. La patro donis al mi dolcxan pomon. Jen estas
+la pomo, kiun mi trovis. Hieraux mi renkontis vian filon, kaj li
+gxentile salutis min. Antaux tri tagoj mi vizitis vian kuzon, kaj mia
+vizito faris al li plezuron. Kiam mi venis al li, li dormis, sed mi lin
+vekis.
+
+Mi rakontos al vi historion. Cxu vi diros al mi la veron? Hodiaux estas
+sabato, kaj morgaux estos dimancxo. Hieraux estis vendredo, kaj
+postmorgaux estos lundo. Cxu vi jam trovis vian horlogxon? Mi gxin
+ankoraux ne sercxis; kiam mi finos mian laboron, mi sercxos mian
+horlogxon, sed mi timas, ke mi gxin jam ne trovos. Se vi nin venkos, la
+popolo diros, ke nur virinojn vi venkis. Kiam vi atingos la agxon de
+dek-kvin jaroj, vi ricevos la permeson.
+
+
+ LESSON 7.
+
+Confusion is apt to occur in English in the use of the words "him, her,
+it, them; his, hers, its, their", e.g., "John loves his brother and his
+children." Whose children, John's or his brother's? "The boys brought to
+their fathers their hats." Whose hats, the boys' or their fathers'? "She
+gave her sister her book." Whose book? Her own or her sister's?
+
+This confusion is avoided in Esperanto by the use of, the pronoun "si"
+("sin"), meaning "himself, herself, itself, themselves", and "sia,"
+meaning "his own, her own, its own, their own."
+
+"Si" ("sin, sia") refers to the "subject" of the sentence in which it
+occurs; therefore in the sentence "John loves his brother and his son,"
+it must be "Johano amas sian fraton kaj sian filon" if it is his own
+(John's) son, because John is the subject, but we must say "lian filon"
+if the brother's son is meant. "La knaboj alportis al siaj patroj siajn
+cxapelojn" means "The boys brought to their fathers their own (the
+boys') hats," because "boys" is the subject, but if we mean "the
+fathers' hats" it must be "iliajn cxapelojn."
+
+"She gave to her sister her book" must be "Sxi donis al sia fratino sian
+libron" if it were her own book, but "Sxi donis al sia fratino sxian
+libron" if it were her sister's book. "Li diris al si"... means "He
+said to himself," but "Li diris al li" means that he said it to another
+person.
+
+"Si", "sia", can only "refer to" the subject, it cannot be the subject
+itself or any part of it; therefore we must say "Sinjoro P. kaj lia
+edzino tre amas miajn infanojn", because the subject is "Sinjoro P. kaj
+lia edzino."
+
+"Mem," self, is only used for emphasis, "e.g.", "Mi mem," my (own) self.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ gasto : guest. montr- : show.
+ vespero : evening. fleg- : tend, take care of
+ mangxo : meal. re-ven- : come back.
+ pupo : doll. pri : concerning, about.
+ aventuro : adventure. gxis : until, as far as.
+ palaco : palace. tute : quite, wholly.
+ zorg- : take care of. tute ne : not at all.
+ gard- : guard. kun : with.
+ am- : love. el : out of.
+ akompan- : accompany. el-ir- : go out of.
+ lav- : wash.
+
+Mi amas min mem, vi amas vin mem, li amas sin mem kaj cxiu homo amas sin
+mem. Mi zorgas pri sxi tiel, kiel mi zorgas pri mi mem, sed sxi mem tute
+ne zorgas pri si, kaj tute sin ne gardas. Miaj fratoj havis hodiaux
+gastojn; post la vespermangxo niaj fratoj eliris kun la gastoj el sia
+domo kaj akompanis ilin gxis ilia domo. Mi lavis min en mia cxambro, kaj
+sxi lavis sin en sia cxambro. La infano sercxis sian pupon; mi montris
+al la infano, kie kusxas gxia pupo. [Footnote: Notice the use of the
+present "kusxas," "lies", after the past "montris," "showed", because at
+the time the action of "showing" took place the action of "lying" was
+then actually going on.]
+
+Sxi rakontis al li sian aventuron. Sxi revenis al la palaco de sia
+patro. Siajn florojn sxi ne flegis. Mia frato diris al Stefano, ke li
+amas lin pli, ol sin mem.
+
+
+ LESSON 8.
+
+The Cardinal Numbers are:--
+
+ unu : 1 kvar : 4 sep : 7 dek : 10
+ du : 2 kvin : 5 ok : 8 cent : 100
+ tri : 3 ses : 6 naux : 9 mil : 1,000
+
+The numbers above 10 are written and read exactly as they are set down
+in figures:--11, dek unu; 12, dek du; 13, dek tri; 19, dek naux. The
+"tens" are written as one word, 20, dudek; 30, tridek; 90, nauxdek; 23,
+dudek tri; 47, kvardek sep; 85, okdek kvin; 136, cent tridek ses; 208,
+ducent (as one word) ok; 359, tricent kvindek naux; 1,001, mil unu;
+2,877, dumil okcent sepdek sep; 1907, mil nauxcent sep.
+
+Notice that there is a separate word for each figure except 0, nulo.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ busxo : mouth. forges- : forget.
+ orelo : ear. kre- : create.
+ fingro : finger. estu : should be.
+ horo : hour. facile : easily.
+ minuto : minute. sankta : holy.
+ sekundo : second. unuj : some.
+ monato : month. alia : other.
+ semajno : week. cxio : everything, all.
+ dato : date (of month, etc.). multe : much, many.
+ pov- : can, be able. per : by means of, through, with.
+ promen- : take a walk. nur : only.
+ konsist- : consist. malbona : bad.
+ elekt- : choose, elect. Kristnaska Tago : Christmas Day.
+
+ Januaro : January. Julio : July.
+ Februaro : February. Auxgusto : August.
+ Marto : March. Septembro : September.
+ Aprilo : April. Oktobro : October.
+ Majo : May. Novembro : November.
+ Junio : June. Decembro : December.
+
+Du homoj povas pli multe fari, ol unu. Mi havas nur unu busxon, sed mi
+havas du orelojn. Li promenas kun tri hundoj. Li faris cxion per la dek
+fingroj de siaj manoj. El sxiaj multaj infanoj unuj estas bonaj kaj
+aliaj malbonaj. Kvin kaj sep faras dek du. Dek kaj dek faras dudek. Kvar
+kaj dek ok faras dudek du. Tridek kaj kvardek kvin faras sepdek kvin.
+Mil okcent nauxdek tri. Li havas dek unu infanojn. Sesdek minutoj faras
+unu horon, kaj unu minuto konsistas el sesdek sekundoj.
+
+ 8A.
+
+The Ordinal Numbers, first, second, etc., are formed by adding "a" to
+the Cardinal Numbers, as "unua", first; "dua", second; "tria", third;
+"kvara", fourth; "deka", tenth; "centa", hundredth; "mila", thousandth.
+The compound numbers are joined together by hyphens, and "a" is added
+to the last, as "dek-unua", eleventh; "la tridek-nauxa pagxo", the
+thirty-ninth page; la "cent-kvardek-kvina psalmo", the 145th psalm.
+Being adjectives, the Ordinal Numbers take the plural "j" and accusative
+"n" when necessary.
+
+The Ordinals are used to tell the hour, as "Estas la trio, horo", It is
+3 o'clock. The Cardinal Numbers are used for the minutes, as "A quarter
+past three" is "La tria horo kaj dek-kvin"; "Ten minutes to five," "La
+kvara horo kaj kvindek".
+
+Januaro estas la unua monato de la jaro, Aprilo estas la kvara, Novembro
+estas la dek-unua, kaj Decembro estas la dek-dua. La dudeka (tago) de
+Februaro estas la kvindek-unua tago de la jaro. La sepan tagon de la
+semajno Dio elektis, ke gxi estu pli sankta, ol la ses unuaj tagoj. Kion
+Dio kreis en la sesa tago? Kiun daton ni havas hodiaux? Hodiaux estas la
+dudek-sepa (tago) de Marto. Kristnaska Tago estas la dudek-kvina (tago)
+de Decembro, Novjara Tago estas la unua de Januaro. Oni ne forgesas
+facile sian unuan amon.
+
+
+ LESSON 9.
+
+The names of certain quantities are formed from the cardinal numbers
+by adding "o", as "dekduo", a dozen; "dudeko", a score; "cento", a
+hundred; "milo", a thousand. These names, as well as names of quantities
+generally, require to be followed by "da", of, as "dekduo da birdoj", a
+dozen (of) birds, but "dekdu birdoj", twelve birds; "dudeko da pomoj", a
+score of apples; "cento da sxafoj", or "cent sxafoj", a hundred sheep;
+"milo da homoj", a thousand people; "miloj da homoj", thousands of
+people.
+
+When these expressions form the object of the verb, it is the name of
+the number which takes "-n", not the noun which follows "da", as "Li
+acxetis dudekon da sxafoj", He bought a score of sheep.
+
+For "firstly, secondly", etc., "-e" is added to the number, as "unue",
+firstly; "kvine", fifthly; "deke", tenthly. (See Lesson 12).
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ urbo : town. acxet- : buy.
+ logxanto : inhabitant. dank- : thank.
+ kulero : spoon. pet- : beg, request.
+ forko : fork. bezon- : want, need.
+ mono : money. kost- : cost.
+ prunto : loan. poste : afterwards.
+ metro : metre. tiu cxi : this.
+ sxtofo : stuff. por : for.
+ franko : franc (about 10d.). re- : prefix, meaning again
+ atakanto : assailant. or back.
+ pago : payment. tial : therefore.
+ miliono : a million. aux : or.
+ prunt- : lend. da : of (after a quantity).
+
+Mi havas cent pomojn. Mi havas centon da pomoj. Tiu cxi urbo havas
+milionon da logxantoj. Mi acxetis dekduon da kuleroj, kaj du dekduojn da
+forkoj. Mil jaroj (aux, milo da jaroj) faras miljaron.
+
+Unue mi redonas al vi la monon, kiun vi pruntis al mi; due mi dankas
+vin por la prunto; trie mi petas vin ankaux poste prunti al mi, kiam mi
+bezonos monon.
+
+ 9A.
+
+To express a certain part or fraction, "-on-" is added to the number
+specifying what part, as 1/2, unu "duono"; 1/3, unu "triono"; 1/4,
+unu "kvarono"; 1/10, unu "dekono"; 1/1000 unu "milono"; 1/1000000,
+unu "milionono". These words, being nouns, take "j" and "n"
+when required--3/10, "tri dekonoj"; 27/200, "dudek-sep ducentonoj";
+19/1000, "deknaux milonoj. Mi mangxis tri kvaronojn de la kuko", I ate
+three-quarters of the cake (see Lesson 35).
+
+To express so many times a number "-obl-" is added to the number, as
+"duobla", double; "dekoble", ten times; "trioble kvar estas (or "faras")
+dekdu", three times four are twelve; "sepoble ok faras kvindek ses",
+seven times eight make fifty-six.
+
+To express "by twos, by tens", etc., "-op-" is added to the number, as
+"duope", by twos, or two together; "dekope", by tens; "kvindekope", by
+fifties, fifty together, or fifty at a time.
+
+Tri estas duono de ses, ok estas kvar kvinonoj de dek. Kvar metroj da
+tiu cxi sxtofo kostas naux frankojn, tial du metroj kostas kvar kaj
+duonon frankojn (aux da frankoj). Unu tago estas tricent-sesdek-kvinono,
+aux tricent-sesdek-sesono de jaro.
+
+Kvinoble sep estas tridek kvin. Por cxiu tago mi ricevas kvin frankojn,
+sed por la hodiauxa tago mi ricevis duoblan pagon, t.e. (= tio estas)
+dek frankojn.
+
+Tiuj cxi du amikoj promenas cxiam duope. Kvinope ili sin jxetis sur min,
+sed mi venkis cxiujn kvin atakantojn.
+
+
+ LESSON 10.
+
+ VERBS (continued), -i, -u.
+
+In the examples already given the verbs ending in "-as", "-is", "-os"
+express "action" or "being" ("state") going on in present, past, or
+future time, as "Mi skribas", I am writing; "Li legis", He read; "Ni
+iros", We shall go.
+
+If we wish merely to express the idea of action or state indefinitely,
+without reference to any time or any subject, the verb must end in "-i,"
+as "Vivi", To live; "Mi deziras lerni", I wish to learn; "Ni devas
+labori", We must work.
+
+(This is called the INDEFINITE or INFINITIVE Mood (manner of
+expression), because not limited by reference to time or subject).
+
+To give an "order" or "command", or to express "will, desire, purpose",
+etc., the verb must end in "u", as "Donu al mi panon", Give (to) me
+bread; "Iru for", Go away; "Estu felicxa", May you be happy! "Vivu la
+regxo!" (Long) live the king!
+
+In such cases as Tell "him to come", I want "you to sing", Allow "her to
+speak", we have to use a second sentence with the verb ending in "u",
+and beginning with "ke", that, as "Diru al li, ke li venu", Tell (say
+to) him, that he come; "Mi deziras, ke vi kantu", I wish, that you sing;
+"Permesu al sxi, ke sxi parolu", Allow her, that she speak. Sentences
+like the last are often contracted, only the last subject and verb being
+used, as "Sxi parolu", Let her speak; "Gxi kusxu", Let it lie; "Ni iru",
+Let us go; "Ili dormu", Let them sleep. "Cxu vi volas ke mi tion faru?"
+Do you wish me to do that? "Cxu mi tion faru?" Shall I do that?
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ nomo : name. rajd- : ride.
+ vesto : coat, clothing. las- : let, leave.
+ kandelo : candle. kur- : run.
+ dometo : cottage. parol- : speak.
+ akvo : water. viv- : live, have life.
+ spegulo : looking-glass. rest- : rest, remain.
+ est- : be. honesta : honest.
+ tusx- : touch. inda : worthy.
+ auxskult- : listen. atenta : attentive.
+ pardon- : pardon. kara : dear.
+ uz- : use. gaja : gay, cheerful.
+ ordon- : order. tia : such.
+ babil- : chatter. longa : long.
+ send- : send. sincera : sincere.
+ trink- : drink. for : away, forth.
+ vol- : will, wish. forte : strongly.
+ bat- : beat. sole : alone.
+ kuragx- : have courage
+
+Donu al la birdoj akvon, cxar ili volas trinki. Aleksandro ne volas
+lerni, kaj tial mi batas Aleksandron. Kiu kuragxas rajdi sur leono? Mi
+volis lin bati, sed li forkuris de mi.
+
+Al leono ne donu la manon. Rakontu al mia juna amiko belan historion.
+Diru al la patro, ke mi estas diligenta. Diru al mi vian nomon. Ne
+skribu al mi tiajn longajn leterojn. Montru al mi vian novan veston.
+Infano, ne tusxu la spegulon. Karaj infanoj, estu cxiam honestaj. Ne
+auxskultu lin.
+
+Li diras, ke mi estas atenta. Li petas, ke mi estu atenta. Ordonu al li,
+ke li ne babilu. Petu lin, ke li sendu al mi kandelon. La dometo estas
+inda, ke vi gxin acxetu. Sxi forte deziris, ke li restu viva.
+
+Li venu, kaj mi pardonos al li. Ni estu gajaj, ni uzu bone la vivon,
+cxar la vivo ne estas longa. Li ne venu sole, sed alvenu kun sia plej
+bona amiko. Mi jam havas mian cxapelon; nun sercxu vi vian.
+
+
+ LESSON 11.
+
+ VERBS (continued), -us.
+
+Sometimes we want to express a "supposition", to say that something
+"would" take place, supposing that something else, which is not likely
+to occur, were to do so, or that something "would have" taken place if
+something else which did not occur had done so. In this case the verb
+must end with "-us", as, If I were well (which I am not) I should be
+happy (which also I am not), "Se mi estus sana, mi estus felicxa". If
+he knew (supposition) that I am here (a fact) he would immediately come
+to me (supposition), "Se li scius, ke mi estas tie cxi, li tuj venus
+al mi". Compare the two following sentences:-- (i.). "Kvankam vi estas
+ricxa, mi dubas, cxu vi estas felicxa", Though you are (in fact) rich, I
+doubt whether you are (in fact) happy, (ii.). "Kvankam vi estus ricxa,
+mi dubas, cxu, vi estus felicxa", Though (supposing that) you were rich,
+I doubt whether you would be happy.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ lernanto : pupil. pen- : endeavour.
+ leciono : lesson. imit- : imitate,
+ instruanto : teacher, kvazaux : as if.
+ sci- : know. io : something.
+ pun- : punish. efektive : really.
+ estim- : esteem. supren : upwards.
+ lev- : lift, raise. kvankam : though.
+ ten- : hold, keep. se : if.
+
+Se la lernanto scius bone sian lecionon, la instruanto lin ne punus. Se
+vi scius, kiu li estas, vi lin pli estimus. Ili levis unu manon supren,
+kvazaux ili ion tenus. Se mi efektive estus bela, aliaj penus min imiti.
+Ho! se mi jam havus la agxon de dekkvin jaroj!
+
+
+ LESSON 12.
+
+When we tell of someone doing a certain action we often want to allude
+to some circumstance concerning that action, such as the time, or place,
+or manner in which it was done, that is, when, or where, or how it was
+done.
+
+In the sentences--Yesterday I met your son, "Hieraux mi renkontis vian
+filon"; He will go in the evening, "Li iros vespere"; They sat there,
+"Ili sidis tie"; She will remain at home, "Sxi restos hejme"; Good
+children learn diligently, "Bonaj infanoj lernas diligente"; I will do
+it with pleasure, "Mi faros gxin plezure", the words "hieraux, vespere",
+show the time, "tie, hejme", show the place, and "diligente, plezure",
+show the manner of the action.
+
+(Because these words relate to the verb they are called ADVERBS).
+
+Adverbs may be formed from any word whose sense admits of it, and
+especially from adjectives, by means of the termination "e", as "bona",
+good, "bone", well; "antaux" before, "antauxe", previously or formerly;
+"mateno", morning, "matene", in the morning; "sekvi", to follow,
+"sekve", consequently.
+
+When we want the adverb to show "direction towards" any place, time,
+etc., either actually or figuratively, "n" is added, as "Li alkuris
+hejmen", He ran home. "Ili levis unu manon supren", They raised one
+hand upwards. "Antauxen"! Forward! ("n" is also added to nouns to show
+direction towards. "Li eniris en la domon", He entered into the house).
+
+Some adverbs are used with adjectives and other adverbs to show the
+"degree" of the quality, quantity, etc., as The paper is "very" white,
+La papero estas "tre" blanka. "Too" much speaking tires him, La "tro"
+multa parolado lacigas lin. I am "as" strong "as" you, Mi estas "tiel"
+forta, "kiel" vi (estas forta). He came "very" early, Li venis "tre"
+frue.
+
+The following words are in themselves adverbs, and need no special
+ending:--
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ hodiaux : to-day. tre : very.
+ hieraux : yesterday. tro : too.
+ morgaux : to-morrow. tute : quite.
+ baldaux : soon. nur : only.
+ ankoraux : yet. nepre : surely, without fail.
+ jam : already. preskaux : nearly.
+ jxus : just (time). apenaux : scarcely.
+ nun : now. almenaux : at least.
+ tuj : immediately. ambaux : both.
+ denove : again, anew. ankaux : also.
+ cxi denotes proximity. ne : not.
+ jen : here, there, lo, behold. jes : yes.
+ for : away, forth. ja : indeed.
+ pli : more. ecx : even.
+ plej : most. cxu : whether, asks a question.
+ plu : further. ju ... des : the more...the more.
+
+Comparisons are made with--
+
+"pli...ol", more than: "Lakto estas pli nutra ol vino", Milk is more
+nutritious than wine.
+
+"malpli...ol", less than: "Vino estas malpli nutra ol lakto", Wine is
+less nutritious than milk.
+
+"la plej", the most,
+"la malplej", the least: "El cxiuj liaj amikoj Johano estas la plej
+sagxa, kaj Georgo la malplej sagxa", Of all his friends John is the
+wisest, and George the least wise.
+
+"Ju pli...des pli", the more...the more: "Ju pli li lernas, des pli li
+deziras lerni", The more he learns, the more he wishes to learn.
+
+"Ju malpli...des malpli", the less...the less: "Ju malpli li laboras,
+des malpli li ricevas", The less he works, the less he gets.
+
+"Ju pli...des malpli", the more...the less: "Ju pli li farigxas granda,
+des malpli li estas forta", The taller he becomes, the less strong he
+is.
+
+"Ju malpli...des pli", the less...the more: "Ju malpli li pensas, des
+pli li parolas", The less he thinks, the more he talks.
+
+For comparisons of equality, as...as, so...as, see Lesson 20.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ pordo : door. sav- : save.
+ kontrakto : contract. dauxr- : last, continue.
+ pastro : pastor, priest. trancx- : cut.
+ fero : iron. ekrigard- : glance.
+ bastono : stick (rod). flu- : flow.
+ stacio : station. ag- : act (do).
+ stacidomo : station. logx- : live, lodge.
+ hejmo : home. brul- : burn (as a fire).
+ furio : fury. vetur- : ride (in a vehicle).
+ sxipano : sailor. aper- : appear.
+ kolero : anger. postul- : require, demand.
+ honesto : honesty. pendig- : hang (something)
+ dangxero : danger. mort- : die.
+ koro : heart. malsana : ill.
+ oficisto : an official. varma : warm.
+ regxo : king. varmega : hot.
+ balo : ball, dance. frua : early.
+ humoro : humour. plue : further.
+ tempo : time. returne : back.
+ sinjorino : lady, Mrs. cxar : because, whereas.
+ ferm- : shut.
+
+Resti kun leono estas dangxere. La trancxilo trancxas bone, cxar gxi
+estas akra. Iru pli rapide. Li fermis kolere la pordon. Lia parolo
+fluas dolcxe kaj agrable. Ni faris la kontrakton ne skribe, sed parole.
+Honesta homo agas honeste. La pastro, kiu mortis antaux nelonge (antaux
+ne longa tempo), logxis longe en nia urbo. Cxu vi gxin ne ricevis
+returne? Li estas morte malsana. La fera bastono, kiu kusxis en la
+forno, estas brule varmega. Parizo estas tre gaja. Matene frue sxi
+alveturis [Footnote: See Lesson 27.] al la stacidomo.
+
+Pardonu al mi, ke mi restis tiel longe. Lia kolero longe dauxris. Li
+estas hodiaux en kolera humoro. La regxo baldaux denove sendis alian
+bonkoran oficiston. Hodiaux vespere ni havos balon. Kie vi estas? For de
+tie-cxi!
+
+Kien li forveturis? Sxi kuris hejmen. Ni iris antauxen, kiel furioj.
+Cxio estis bona, kaj ni veturis pluen. La sinjorino ekrigardis returnen.
+La sxipanoj postulis, ke oni iru returnen. Mi gxin pendigis tien cxi,
+cxar gxi savis mian vivon. Mi neniam sendis tien cxi.
+
+
+ LESSON 13.
+
+ Mal-, -in-.
+
+In Esperanto certain syllables which have a definite meaning are placed
+at the beginning (prefixes) or end (suffixes) of words to alter in some
+way the meaning of those words.
+
+The prefix "mal-" gives an exactly opposite meaning to the word to which
+it is prefixed, as "dekstra", right (hand); "maldekstra", left (hand);
+"nova", new; "malnova", old; "helpi", to help, "malhelpi", to hinder;
+"fermi", to shut, "malfermi", to open.
+
+The suffix "-in-" denotes the female sex. From "viro", [Footnote: The
+word "homo" previously given (Lesson 2) signifies a human being, a
+person, without reference to sex; "viro" means a man as distinguished
+from a woman.] a man, we get "virino", a woman; "filo", son, "filino",
+daughter; "cxevalo", a horse, "cxevalino", a mare; "koko", a cock,
+"kokino", a hen.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ kresko : growth. ferm- : shut.
+ haro : hair (substance). help- : help.
+ haroj : hair (of head). farigx- : become.
+ nazo : nose. dekstra : right (hand).
+ vojo : road. meza : middle, medium.
+ viro : man. dika : thick, stout.
+ edzo : husband, mola : soft.
+ nepo : grandson. luma : light (luminous).
+ nevo : nephew. nobla : noble (character).
+ bovo : ox. rekta : straight.
+ vidvo : widower, kurba : curved.
+ fiancxo : fiance. felicxa : happy.
+ nenio : nothing. naskita : born.
+ turment- : torment. fermita : shut.
+ sent- : feel. ecx : even.
+ ben- : bless. longe : for a long time.
+ estim- : have esteem for. denove : anew, again.
+
+Mia frato ne estas granda, sed li ne estas malgranda, li estas de meza
+kresko. Haro estas tre maldika. La nokto estas tiel malluma, ke ni
+nenion povas vidi ecx antaux nia nazo. Tiu cxi malfresxa pano estas
+malmola, kiel sxtono. Malbonaj infanoj amas turmenti bestojn. Li sentis
+sin tiel malfelicxa, ke li malbenis la tagon, en kiu li estis naskita.
+Ni forte malestimas tiun cxi malnoblan homon. La fenestro longe estis
+nefermita; mi gxin fermis, sed mia frato tuj gxin denove malfermis.
+Rekta vojo estas pli mallonga, ol kurba. Ne estu maldanka.
+
+La edzino de mia patro estas mia patrino, kaj la avino de miaj infanoj.
+Mia fratino estas tre bela knabino. Mia onklino estas tre bona virino.
+Mi vidis vian avinon kun sxiaj kvar nepinoj, kaj kun mia nevino. Mi
+havas bovon kaj bovinon. La juna vidvino farigxis denove fiancxino.
+
+
+ LESSON 14.
+
+ Re-, -ad-, ek-.
+
+The prefixes "re-" and "ek-" and the suffix "-ad-" are attached to
+verbs.
+
+"Re-" has nearly the same meaning as in English, "back" or "again", as
+"re-pagi", to pay back; "re-porti", to carry back; "re-jxeti", to throw
+back; "re-salti", to rebound; "re-kanti" to sing again; "re-legi", to
+read over again.
+
+"-ad-" denotes the continuance or continued repetition of an action;
+it means "goes on doing", or "keeps on doing", or "is in the habit
+of", or in the past "used to", as "spiri", to breathe, "spirado",
+respiration; "movi", to move, "movado", continued movement; "fumi", to
+smoke, "fumado", the habit of smoking; "auxdi", to hear, "auxdado", the
+sense of hearing.
+
+"Ek-" has the opposite meaning to "-ad-"; it signifies the beginning of
+an action, or a short or sudden action, as "kanti", to sing, "ekkanti",
+to begin to sing; "ridi", to laugh, "ekridi", to burst out laughing;
+"krii", to cry or call, "ekkrii", to cry out; "iri", to go, "ekiri", to
+set out; "dormi", to sleep, "ekdormi", to fall asleep.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ rivero : river. fal- : fall.
+ lando : land. atend- : wait for, expect.
+ segxo : seat. lacig- : make tired.
+ dauxro : duration. frot- : rub.
+ okupo : occupation. rigard- : look.
+ pluvo : rain. elrigard- : look out of.
+ vagonaro : train. salt- : jump.
+ surprizo : surprise. rapida : quick.
+ diamanto : diamond. klara : clear.
+ fulmo : lightning. lerte : cleverly.
+ lumo : a light. energie : energetically.
+ paf- : shoot. kelke : some.
+ jxet- : throw. cxiuminute : every minute. [p. 84]
+ auxd- : hear. tra : through.
+
+Li donis al mi monon, sed mi gxin tuj redonis al li. Mi foriras, sed
+atendu min, cxar mi baldaux revenos. La suno rebrilas en la klara akvo
+de la rivero. Li reiris al sia lando. Sxi rejxetis sin sur la segxon.
+
+En la dauxro de kelke da minutoj mi auxdis du pafojn. La pafado dauxris
+tre longe. Lia hierauxa parolo estis tre bela, sed la tro multa parolado
+lacigas lin. Li kantas tre belan kanton. La kantado estas agrabla
+okupo. Per mia mano mi energie lin frotadis. La pluvo faladis per
+riveroj. Cxiuminute sxi elrigardadis tra la fenestro, kaj malbenadis la
+malrapidan iradon de la vagonaro.
+
+Mi saltas tre lerte. Mi eksaltis de surprizo. Mi saltadis la tutan tagon
+[Footnote: See Lesson 26 (iii.)] de loko al loko. Kiam vi ekparolis, mi
+atendis auxdi ion novan. La diamanto havas belan brilon. Sxi lasis la
+diamanton ekbrili. Du ekbriloj do fulmo trakuris tra la malluma cxielo.
+
+
+ LESSON 15.
+
+ VERBS (continued).
+
+In all the examples already given the Subject of the Sentence is the
+"doer" of the action, but often it is "the one to whom the action is
+done" who occupies our thoughts, and of whom we wish to speak. This one
+then becomes the subject, and the form of the Verb is changed. Instead
+of saying "The police are searching for the thief," "Someone has broken
+the window," "Someone is going to finish the work to-morrow," we say
+"The thief is being sought for by the police," "The window has been
+broken," "The work is going to be finished to-morrow."
+
+(Note the convenience of this form when we do not know or do not wish to
+mention the doer).
+
+
+In Esperanto the terminations "-ata", "being", denoting "incompleteness"
+or "present" time, "-ita", "having been", denoting "completeness"
+or "past" time, and "-ota", "about to be" (going to be), denoting
+"action not yet begun", or "future" time, are added to the root of the
+verb, as "ami", to love, "amata", being loved, "amita", having been
+loved, "amota", going to be loved. "La sxtelisto estas sercxata de la
+policanoj" [Footnote: "De" is used after these participles to denote the
+"doer" of the action.], The thief is being searched for by the police.
+"La fenestro estas rompita", The window has been broken. "La laboro
+estas finota morgaux", The work is going to be finished to-morrow.
+
+It will be seen that these words ending in "-ata", "-ita", "-ota"
+describe the subject or show the "condition" or "state" in which
+the subject is, therefore they are adjectival; the thief is a
+"searched-for" thief, the window was a "broken" window, the work
+is a "going-to-be-finished" work (compare The work will be "ready"
+to-morrow). They are called PARTICIPLES, and being adjectival, take
+"j" when the noun to which they belong is plural.
+
+
+ Mi estas tenata ............. I am (being) held.
+ Li estis tenata ............. He was (being) held.
+ Ni estos tenataj ............ We shall be (being) held.
+ Vi estus tenataj ............ You would be (being) held.
+ Ke ili estu tenataj ......... That they may be (being) held.
+ Estu tenata ................. Be (being) held.
+ Esti tenata ................. To be (being) held.
+
+ Mi estas vidita ............. I am (in the state of) having
+ been seen, or, I have been
+ seen.
+ Li estis vidita ............. He was (in the state of) having
+ been seen, or, he had been
+ seen.
+ Ni estos viditaj ............ We shall be (in the state of)
+ having been seen, or, we
+ shall have been seen.
+ Vi estus viditaj ............ You would be (in the state of)
+ having been seen, or, you
+ would have been seen.
+ (Ke) ili estu viditaj ....... (That) they may be (in the
+ state of) having been seen,
+ or, that they may have been
+ seen.
+ Esti vidita ................. To be (in the state of) having
+ been seen, or, to have been
+ seen.
+
+ Mi estas lauxdota .......... I am about (going) to be praised.
+ Sxi estis lauxdota .......... She was about (going) to be
+ praised.
+ Ni estos lauxdotaj .......... We shall be about (going) to
+ be praised.
+ Vi estus lauxdotaj .......... You would be about (going)
+ to be praised.
+ (Ke) ili estu lauxdotaj ..... (That) they should be about
+ (going) to be praised.
+ Esti lauxdota ............... To be about (going) to be
+ praised.
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ komercajxo : commodity. sciig- : inform.
+ surtuto : overcoat. kasx- : hide.
+ sxuldo : debt. pens- : think.
+ ringo : ring. kapt- : capture.
+ projekto : project. trankvila : quiet.
+ ingxeniero : civil engineer. tuta : all, whole.
+ fervojo : railroad. grava : important.
+ pregxo : prayer. ora : golden.
+ pasero : sparrow. volonte : willingly.
+ aglo : eagle. sekve : consequently.
+ invit- : invite. laux : according to.
+ konstru- : construct.
+
+Mi estas amata. Mi estis amata. Mi estos amata. Mi estus amata. Estu
+amata. Esti amata. Vi estas lavita. Vi estis lavita. Vi estos lavita.
+Vi estus lavita. Estu lavita. Esti lavita. Li estas invitota. Li estis
+invitota. Li estos invitota. Li estus invitota. Estu invitota. Esti
+invitota. Tiu cxi komercajxo estas cxiam volonte acxetata de mi. La
+surtuto estas acxetita de mi; sekve gxi apartenas al mi. Kiam via domo
+estis konstruata, mia domo estis jam longe konstruita. Mi sciigas, ke
+de nun la sxuldoj de mia filo ne estos pagataj de mi. Estu trankvila,
+mia tuta sxuldo estos pagita al vi baldaux. Mia ora ringo ne estus
+tiel longe sercxata, se gxi ne estus tiel lerte kasxita de vi. Laux la
+projekto de la ingxenieroj tiu cxi fervojo estas konstruota en la dauxro
+de du jaroj; sed mi pensas, ke gxi estos konstruata pli ol tri jarojn.
+Kiam la pregxo estis finita, li sin levis.
+
+Auxgusto estas mia plej amata filo. Mono havata estas pli grava ol
+havita. Pasero kaptita estas pli bona, ol aglo kaptota.
+
+
+ LESSON 16.
+
+Another set of participles is used to describe or show the condition
+or state of the "doer" of the action, namely "-anta", denoting
+"incompleteness" or present time, "-inta", denoting "completeness" or
+past time, and "-onta", denoting "action not yet begun", or future time,
+as "Sur la arbo staras kantanta birdo (aux birdo kantanta"), On the tree
+is a singing bird (or a bird singing); "En la venonta somero mi vizitos
+vin", In the coming summer I shall visit you; "La pasinta nokto estis
+tre pluva", The past night was very wet (rainy).
+
+
+ Mi estas mangxanta .......... I am (in the act of) eating.
+ Li estis mangxanta .......... He was eating.
+ Ni estos mangxantaj ......... We shall be eating.
+ Vi estus mangxantaj ......... You would be eating.
+ (Ke) ili estu mangxantaj .... (That) they may be eating.
+ Esti mangxanta .............. To be eating.
+ Estu mangxanta .............. Be (in the act of) eating.
+
+ Mi estas teninta ............ I am (in the state of) having
+ held, or, I have held.
+ Li estis teninta ............ He was (in the state of) having
+ held, or, he had held.
+ Ni estos tenintaj ........... We shall be (in the state of)
+ having held, or, we shall
+ have held.
+ Vi estus tenintaj ........... You would be (in the state of)
+ having held, or, you would
+ have held.
+ (Ke) ili estu tenintaj ...... (That) they may be (in the
+ state of) having held, or,
+ (that) they may have held.
+ Esti teninta ................ To be (in the state of) having
+ held, or, to have held.
+
+ Mi estas dironta ............ I am about (going) to say.
+ Li estis dironta ............ He was about (going) to say.
+ Ni estos dirontaj ........... We shall be about (going) to
+ say.
+ Vi estus dirontaj ........... You would be about (going)
+ to say.
+ (Ke) ili estu dirontaj ...... (That) they may be about
+ (going) to say.
+ Esti dironta ................ To be about (going) to say.
+
+
+The participles are made into nouns by ending them with "o" instead of
+"a", as "Kiam Nikodemo batas Jozefon, tiam Nikodemo estas la batanto,
+kaj Jozefo estas la batato", When Nicodemus beats Joseph, then Nicodemus
+is the beater, and Joseph is the one being beaten.
+
+
+ La batanto ...... The one who is beating.
+ La batinto ...... The one who was beating.
+ La batonto ...... The one who is about (going) to beat.
+ La batato ....... The one who is being beaten.
+ La batito ....... The one who has been beaten.
+ La batoto ....... The one who is about to be beaten.
+
+
+Note that the participles which have "n" in the termination refer to the
+"doer"; they are called "active" participles. Those without "n" refer to
+the one to whom the action is done; they are "passive" participles.
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ tempo : time. ripet- : repeat.
+ mondo : world. arest- : arrest.
+ lingvo : language. jugx- : judge.
+ nombro : number. konduk- : lead, conduct.
+ legendo : legend. vojagx- : travel, journey.
+ loko : place. sxtel- : steal.
+ salono : drawing-room. ripoz- : rest, repose.
+ eraro : mistake. diradis : used to say (tell).
+ soldato : soldier. estonta : future (about to be).
+ strato : street. vera : true.
+ pek- : sin. intence : intentionally.
+ fal- : fall. facile : easily.
+ mensog- : tell a lie. antauxe : formerly, previously.
+ pas- : pass (as time passes). dum : while, whilst, during.
+ atend- : wait, expect. neniam : never.
+ sav- : save, rescue. neniu : nobody.
+ danc- : dance. sen : without.
+ kred- : believe. senmove : motionless.
+
+Fluanta akvo estas pli pura, ol akvo staranta senmove. La falinta homo
+ne povas sin levi. La tempo pasinta jam neniam revenos; la tempon
+venontan neniu ankoraux konas. Venu, ni atendas vin, Savonto de la
+mondo. En la lingvo Esperanto ni vidas la estontan lingvon de la tuta
+mondo. La nombro de la dancantoj estis granda. Gxi estas la legendo,
+kiun la veraj kredantoj cxiam ripetas. Li kondukis la vojagxanton al la
+loko, kie la sxtelintoj ripozis. Al homo, pekinta senintence, Dio facile
+pardonas. La soldatoj kondukis la arestitojn tra la stratoj. Homo, kiun
+oni devas jugxi, estas jugxoto.
+
+
+ 16A.
+
+Nun li diras al mi la veron. Hieraux li diris al mi la veron. Li cxiam
+diradis al mi la veron. Kiam vi vidis nin en la salono, li jam antauxe
+diris al mi la veron (aux, li estis dirinta al mi la veron). Li diros al
+mi la veron. Kiam vi venos al mi, li jam antauxe diros al mi la veron
+(aux, li estos dirinta al mi la veron; aux, antaux ol vi venos al mi, li
+diros al mi la veron). Se mi petus lin, li dirus al mi la veron. Mi ne
+farus la eraron, se li antauxe dirus al mi la veron (aux, se li estus
+dirinta al mi la veron). Kiam mi venos, diru al mi la veron. Kiam mia
+patro venos, diru al mi antauxe la veron (aux, estu dirinta al mi la
+veron). Mi volas diri al vi la veron. Mi volas, ke tio, kion mi diris,
+estu vera (aux, mi volas esti dirinta la veron).
+
+
+ LESSON 17.
+
+
+Participles can be used as adverbs when they refer to the subject, and
+tell some circumstance about the action, as "Walking along the street,
+John saw your friend." "Walking along the street" tells the circumstance
+under which the subject, John, saw your friend; therefore "walking" is
+adverbial--"Promenante sur la strato, Johano vidis vian amikon." If it
+were the friend who was walking, it must be "Johano vidis vian amikon,
+promenantan sur la strato."
+
+(Examine in this way the sentences in the following exercise).
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ braceleto : bracelet. medit- : meditate.
+ sxtelisto : thief. port- : carry.
+ vorto : word. demand- : ask.
+ duko : duke. sxpar- : save.
+ juvelo : jewel. edzigx- : marry.
+ juvelujo : jewel-case. hont- : be ashamed.
+ dolaro : dollar. ir- : go.
+ instruo : instruction. profunda : deep.
+ planko : floor. kelka : some.
+ imperiestro : emperor. ia : some (kind), any (kind).
+ okazo : opportunity, occurrence, kredeble : probably.
+ chance. trans : across.
+ serv- : serve. tio cxi : this (thing).
+
+Promenante sur la strato, mi falis. Trovinte pomon, mi gxin mangxis. Li
+venis al mi tute ne atendite. Li iris tre meditante kaj tre malrapide.
+Ni hontis, ricevinte instruon de la knabo. La imperiestra servanto
+eliris, portante kun si la braceleton. Profunde salutante, li rakontis,
+ke oni kaptis la sxteliston. Ne dirante vorton, la dukino malfermis
+sian juvelujon. Laborinte unu jaron, kaj sxparinte kelkajn dolarojn, mi
+edzigxis kun mia Mario. Transirinte la riveron, li trovis la sxteliston.
+Rigardinte okaze la plankon, sxi vidis ian libron, forgesitan kredeble
+de elirinta veturanto.
+
+
+ LESSON 18.
+
+ Suffix -ist-.
+
+The suffix "-ist-" denotes one who occupies himself with or devotes
+himself to any special thing, as a business or a hobby, as "jugxi", to
+judge, "jugxisto", a judge; "servi", to serve, "servisto", a servant;
+"kuraci", to treat (as a doctor), "kuracisto", a doctor; "lavi", to
+wash, "lavisto", a laundryman.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ boto : boot. transskrib- : transcribe, copy.
+ sxuo : shoe. kuir- : cook.
+ maro : sea. veturig- : drive (carriage, etc.).
+ mehxaniko : mechanics. tromp- : deceive.
+ hxemio : chemistry. okup- : occupy, employ.
+ diplomato : diplomatist. teks- : weave.
+ fiziko : physics. diversa(j) : various.
+ scienco : science. simple : simply.
+ dron- : be drowned, sink. je (indefinite meaning).
+ verk- : work mentally, write, [Lessons 26, 40.]
+ compose.
+
+La botisto faras botojn kaj sxuojn. Sxtelistojn neniu lasas en sian
+domon. La kuragxa maristo dronis en la maro. Verkisto verkas librojn,
+kaj skribisto simple transskribas paperojn. Ni havas diversajn
+servantojn--kuiriston, cxambristinon, infanistinon, kaj veturigiston.
+Kiu okupas sin je mehxaniko estas mehxankisto, kaj kiu okupas sin je
+hxemio estas hxemiisto. Diplomatiiston oni povas ankaux nomi diplomato,
+[Footnote: See Lesson 45.] sed fizikiston oni ne povas nomi fiziko,
+[Footnote: See Lesson 45.] cxar fiziko estas la nomo de la scienco mem.
+Unu tagon [Footnote: See Lesson 26.] (en unu tago) venis du trompantoj,
+kiuj diris, ke ili estas teksistoj.
+
+
+ LESSON 19.
+
+ Suffixes -ig-, -igx-.
+
+"-ig-" means "to make" or "cause" someone or something to be or to do
+that which the word denotes, while "-igx-" means "to become" so or such
+oneself. Thus from "rugxa", red, we get "rugxigi", to make (something
+or someone) red, "rugxigxi", to become red oneself, to blush; "klara",
+clear, "klarigi", to make clear, to explain, "klarigxi", to become
+clear; "sidi", to sit, to be sitting, "sidigi", to cause someone to sit,
+"sidigxi", to become seated, to sit down; "kun", with, "kunigi", to
+connect, "kunigxi", to become connected with; "devi", to have to (must),
+"devigi", to compel; "fari", to do or make, "farigxi", to become; "for",
+away, "forigi", make (go) away.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ printempo : spring. kapo : head.
+ glacio : ice. botelo : bottle.
+ vetero : weather. dev- : have to, must.
+ broso : brush. kurac- : treat as a doctor.
+ relo : rail. pren- : take.
+ rado : wheel. pend- : hang.
+ cxapo : bonnet, cap. blov- : blow.
+ arbeto : little tree. ekbrul- : begin to burn.
+ vento : wind. rid- : laugh.
+ brancxo : branch. romp- : break.
+ vizagxo : face. fluida : fluid.
+ kuvo : tub. kota : dirty, muddy.
+ kolego : companion, colleague natura : natural.
+ Hebreo : Hebrew. seka : dry.
+ Kristano : Christian. tamen : however, nevertheless, yet
+
+Oni tiel malhelpis al mi, ke mi malbonigis mian tutan laboron. Forigu
+vian fraton, cxar li malhelpas al ni. Venigu la kuraciston, cxar mi
+estas malsana.
+
+Li venigis al si el Berlino multajn librojn (multe da libroj).
+
+Li paligxis de timo, kaj poste li rugxigxis de honto. En la printempo
+la glacio kaj la negxo fluidigxas. En la kota vetero mia vesto forte
+malpurigxis; tial mi prenis broson kaj purigis la veston. Mia onklo ne
+mortis per natura morto, sed li tamen ne mortigis sin mem, kaj ankaux
+estis mortigita de neniu; unu tagon, [Footnote: See Lesson 26, Note
+iii.] promenante apud la reloj de fervojo, li falis sub la radojn de
+veturanta vagonaro, kaj mortigxis. Mi ne pendigis mian cxapon sur tiu
+cxi arbeto; sed la vento forblovis de mia kapo la cxapon, kaj gxi,
+flugante, pendigxis sur la brancxoj de la arbeto. Sidigu vin (aux,
+sidigxu), sinjoro!
+
+Lia malgaja vizagxo ridigis lian amikon. La tutan nokton ili pasigis
+maldorme, kaj ekbruligis pli ol dekses kandelojn. Mi senvestigis la
+infanon de liaj noktaj vestoj, kaj starigis lin en la kuvon; poste mi
+sekigis lin. Li amikigxis kun malbonaj kolegoj. Malricxa hebreo volis
+kristanigxi. La botelo falis kaj rompigxis. Sxi farigxis lia edzino. Iom
+post iom, sxi tute trankviligxis.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ NOTES.
+
+1.--In "pluvas", it rains; "tondras", it thunders; "estas bela tago",
+it is a fine day; "estas bele", it is fine; "estas vere, ke...", it is
+true that..., etc., "it" is left out, because it does not stand for any
+"thing." The adverbs "bele", "vere", are used because no "thing" is
+mentioned.
+
+2.--"Ni havas fresxajn lakton kaj panon" means "Ni havas fresxan lakton
+kaj fresxan panon", We have new milk and new bread. "Ni havas fresxan
+lakton kaj panon" means We have bread and new milk.
+
+3.--"La angla, franca kaj germana lingvoj estas malfacilaj", The
+English, French and German languages are difficult. "Angla", "franca",
+"germana" do not take "j" because each refers to only one language,
+while "malfacilaj" refers to all those mentioned.
+
+
+ LESSON 20.
+
+The words "ia, tia; kial, tial; kiam, cxiam, neniam; kie, kiel, tiel;
+io, kio, tio, cxio, nenio; kiu, cxiu, neniu", have already been met
+with. They belong to a series whose use will best be seen from the
+following examples:--
+
+"ia" denotes kind or quality. "Kia" floro estas la plej bela? "Ia" kaj
+"cxia" floro estas beta, "nenia" estas malbela. Mi admiras la rozon;
+"tia" floro la plej placxas al mi. "What (kind of)" flower is the most
+beautiful? "Any kind" and "every kind" of flower is beautiful, "no kind"
+is ugly. I admire the rose, "that kind of" flower pleases me the most.
+
+"ial", motive, reason. "Kial" li iros en Parizon? Mi ne scias; "ial"
+li foriros, sed "cxial" estus pli bone resti en Londono. Li deziras
+foriri, "tial" li foriros. "Why" is he going (will he go) to Paris?
+I know not; "for some reason" he is going, but "for every reason" (on
+every account) it would be better to remain in London. He wishes to go,
+"therefore" (for that reason) he will go.
+
+"iam", time. "Kiam" vi venos min viziti? "Iam" mi venos, "kiam" mi havos
+libertempon; vi "cxiam" havas libertempon, mi "neniam". Postmorgaux
+estos festo, "tiam" mi venos. "When" will you come to visit me?
+"Sometime" I will come, "when" (at what time) I shall have a holiday;
+you "always" (at all times) have a holiday, I "never" (at no time). (The
+day) after to-morrow will be a festival (a general holiday); I will come
+"then" (at that time).
+
+"ie", place. "Kie" estas mia cxapelo? Gxi devas esti "ie", sed mi
+sercxis gxin "cxie", kaj "nenie" mi povas trovi gxin. Ha, nun mi ekvidas
+gxin "tie". "Where" is my hat? It must be "somewhere", but I have looked
+for it "everywhere", and "nowhere" can I find it. Ha, now I see it
+"there".
+
+"iel", manner. "Kiel" vi faros tion cxi? Mi ne scias; mi "cxiel" provis
+gxin fari, sed mi "neniel" sukcesis. Johano sukcesis "iel"; eble li
+faris gxin "tiel". "How" will you do this? I do not know; I have tried
+in every way to do it, but I have "in no way" (not at all) succeeded.
+John succeeded "in some way" (somehow); perhaps he did it "so (in such a
+way").
+
+"ies", possession. "Kies" devo estas tio cxi? Eble gxi estas "ties";
+sendube gxi estas "ies". "Cxies" devo estas "nenies". "Whose" duty
+is this? Perhaps it is "that one's (person's)"; doubtless it is
+"somebody's. Everybody's" duty is "nobody's."
+
+"io", thing. "Kio" malplacxas al vi? Nun "nenio" malplacxas al mi,
+"cxio" estas bona. Antaux tri tagoj "io" tre malplacxis al mi, sed mi ne
+parolas pri "tio" nun. "What" displeases you? Now "nothing" displeases
+me, "all" is well. Three days ago "something" greatly displeased me, but
+I am not speaking about "that" now.
+
+"iom", quantity. "Kiom" da mono vi bezonas? Mi havas "tiom", mi povas
+prunti al vi "iom", sed ne "cxiom". Se mi pruntus al vi "cxiom", mi mem
+havus "neniom". "How much" money do you need ? I have "so much (that
+quantity)", I can lend you "some", but not "all". If I were to lend you
+"all", I myself should have "none".
+
+"iu" denotes individuality, person, or thing specified. "Kiu" estis cxe
+la balo? "Cxiu, kiu" estis invitita, estis tie, "neniu" forestis. "Iu,
+kiun" mi mem ne konas, venis kun "tiu kiu" vizitis vin hierau. "Who" was
+at the ball? "Everybody who" had been invited was there, "nobody" was
+absent. "Somebody, whom" I myself do not know, came with "that person
+who" visited you yesterday.
+
+It will be seen from these examples that the words beginning with
+"K" either "ask questions" or "refer" to some person or thing before
+mentioned. Those beginning with "T" point to a "definite" time, place,
+etc. Those with "Cx" signify "each" or "every", and in the plural "all".
+Those without a letter prefixed are "indefinite", meaning some or any;
+and those with "nen-" are "negative", meaning "no, none".
+
+The words ending in "ia" and those in "iu" can take the plural "j" and
+accusative "n".
+
+The words in "io" take "n", but the sense does not permit of their
+taking "j".
+
+The words in "ie" take the "n" denoting direction.
+
+The word "cxi", signifying nearness, is used with the "T" series (words
+meaning "that"), to denote the one near "i.e., this", as "Tio cxi", this
+thing; "Tiu cxi", this person; "Tie cxi", or, "cxi tie", here, etc.
+
+The word "ajn", ever, is used with the "K" series to give a more
+inclusive and wider meaning, as "Kio ajn", whatever; "Kiu ajn", whoever;
+"Kiam ajn", whenever; "Kiom ajn", however much.
+
+Comparisons of equality are made with the words--
+
+"tiel ... kiel", as Vi estas "tiel" forta, "kiel" mi, You are "as"
+strong "as" I.
+
+"tia ... kia", as "Tia" domo, "kia" tiu, estas malofta, "Such" a house
+"as" that is rare.
+
+"sama ... kia", as Mia bastono estas "tia sama, kia" la via, My stick
+is "the same as" yours.
+
+"sama ... kiel", as Gxia uzado estas "tia sama, kiel" en la aliaj
+lingvoj, Its use is "the same as" in the other languages. Vi cxiam
+laboradas al tiu "sama" celo, "kiel" mi, You are always working towards
+that "same" end (aim) "as" I.
+
+Any of the above series of words whose sense admits of it can be used as
+adjectives, adverbs, etc., and in combination with prefixes, suffixes,
+or other words, as "cxiama", continual, eternal; "tiea", of that place.
+"Kioma" is used for asking the time, as "Kioma horo estas"? What time is
+it?
+
+
+ CORRELATIVE WORDS.
+
+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ | | * | K | T | CX | Nen- |
+ | |INDEFINITE.|QUESTIONING| DEFINITE.| INCLUSIVE.| NEGATIVE. |
+ | | | RELATIVE. | | | |
+ | |Some, any. | What, | That. | Each, | No, none. |
+ | | | which. | |every, all.| |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Ia | Kia | Tia | Cxia | Nenia |
+ |QUALITY | Some kind | What kind |That kind | Each kind | No kind |
+ |Kind of | Any kind | | Such |Every kind | |
+ | | | | | | |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Ial | Kial | Tial | Cxial | Nenial |
+ | MOTIVE |For some |For what |For that |For each |For no |
+ | Reason | reason | reason | reason | reason | reason |
+ |Purpose |For any |Why |Therefore |For every | |
+ | | reason | | | reason | |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Iam | Kiam | Tiam | Cxiam | Neniam |
+ | TIME | Sometime | At what | At that | Each time |At no time |
+ | | Any time | time | time |Every time | Never |
+ | | | When | Then | Always | |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Ie | Kie | Tie | Cxie | Nenie |
+ | PLACE |In some | At what | At that | At each | At no |
+ | | place | place | place | place | place |
+ | | Somewhere | Where | There | At every | Nowhere |
+ | | Anywhere | | | place | |
+ | | | | | Everywhere| |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Iel | Kiel | Tiel | Cxiel | Neniel |
+ |MANNER |In some way|In what way| In that | In each | In no way |
+ | |In any way |How | way | way | Nohow |
+ | |Somehow, |As, like | So | In every | |
+ | |anyhow | | | way | |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Ies | Kies | Ties | Cxies | Nenies |
+ |POSSES- | Someone's | What |That one's|Each one's | No one's |
+ | SION | Anyone's | person's | |Everyone's | |
+ | | | Whose | | | |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Io | Kio | Tio | Cxio | Nenio |
+ | THING | Something | What thing| That | Everything| Nothing |
+ | | Anything | What | thing | | |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Iom | Kiom | Tiom | Cxiom | Neniom |
+ |QUANTITY|Some(of the| What |That |Every |None of the|
+ | | quantity)| quantity| quantity| quantity | quantity |
+ | | | How much |So much |All of the | |
+ | | | | | quantity | |
+ |--------+-----------+-----------+----------+-----------+-----------|
+ | | Iu | Kiu | Tiu | Cxiu | Neniu |
+ |INIVIDU-| Someone |What person|That |Each person| No one |
+ | ALITY | Anyone |Which thing| person |Everyone | Nobody |
+ | | |Who Which |That | Cxiuj = | |
+ | | | |(specified) all, | |
+ | | | | thing | all the...| |
+ +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ ankro : anchor. prov- : attempt, try.
+ maniero : manner, way. sukces- : succeed.
+ riprocxo : reproach. perd- : lose.
+ konscienco : conscience. merit- : deserve.
+ propono : proposal, offer. kompren- : understand.
+ rando : edge. libera : free.
+ sxipo : ship. certa : certain, sure.
+ dubo : doubt. utila : useful.
+ demando : question. fremda : strange.
+ admir- : admire. necesa : necessary.
+ placx- : be pleasing. ekster : beyond, outside.
+ supoz- : suppose.
+
+"Ia." La maro estas tie pli profunda, ol povas atingi ia ankro. En
+ia maniero. Sen ia riprocxo de konscienco. Mi scias, en kia loko mi
+certe lin trovos. Kia estas la vetero? Kian malbonon mi al vi faris?
+Tiamaniere li faris cxion. Li invitis lin veni en tian kaj tian lokon.
+Ne cxia birdo kantas. Ekster cxia dubo. Nenia homo meritas tian punon.
+Tiaj libroj estas malutilaj. Iafoje li vizitas nin.
+
+"Ial." Ial li ne povis dormi. Kial vi ne respondas al mi? Mi ne
+komprenis vian demandon, tial mi ne respondis. La homoj ne komprenas unu
+la alian, kaj tial ili tenas sin fremde. Cxial tio estas la plej bona.
+
+"Iam." Mi iam vin amis. Kio vivas, necese devas iam morti. Kiam vi
+foriros? En la luna nokto, kiam cxiuj dormis, tiam sxi sidis sur la
+rando de la sxipo. Estu por cxiam benata! Sxi antauxe neniam vidis
+hundon.
+
+ VOCABULARY 20A.
+
+ mono : money. monto : mountain.
+ monujo : purse. ganto : glove.
+ juneco : youth. opinio : opinion.
+ reto : net. vocxo : voice.
+ ideo : idea. prezid- : preside.
+ gajno : gain. alpren- : adopt.
+ tauxg- : be fit, suitable. stranga : strange, curious.
+ fart- : be, fare (as to health). komprenebla : understandable.
+ subita : sudden.
+
+"Ie." Kie estas la knaboj? Kien vi iris? Mi restas tie cxi. Li perdis
+sian monujon ie en la urbo, sed kie li perdis gxin, li ne scias. Mi
+volonte el tie venis tien cxi. Li petis sxin, ke sxi diru al li, de kie
+si venas. [Footnote: See note in Lesson 17.] Por la juneco cxie staras
+retoj. Cxie estas floroj, kaj nenie oni povas trovi pli belajn.
+
+"Iel." Kiel bela! Cxu mi tauxgas kiel regxo? Tiel finigxis la felicxa
+tago. Ili brilis kiel diamantoj. Kiel vi fartas? Iel li malkomprenis
+min. Mia edzino pensis tiel same, kiel mi. Mi neniel povas kompreni,
+kion vi diras. Tre stranga kaj neniel komprenebla! Mi elektis lin kiel
+prezidanto. Mi elektis lin kiel prezidanton.
+
+"Ies." Kies ganto tiu cxi estas? Mi neniam alprenas ties opinion. Subite
+sxi ekauxdis ies fortan malagrablan vocxon. Cxies ideo estas diversa.
+Bona amiko, sen kies helpo li neniam ekvidus tiun cxi landon. Ies perdo
+ne estas cxiam ies gajno. Ies perdo estas ofte nenies gajno.
+
+ VOCABULARY 20B.
+
+ ornamo : ornament. hxino : Chinese.
+ pupilo : pupil (of eye). decido : decision.
+ centimo : centime. ced- : give up, yield, cede.
+ forto : strength, power. forlas- : forsake, leave.
+ nesto : nest. prudenta : reasonable, prudent.
+ Fortuno : fortune. firma : firm, stable.
+ funto : pound (weight or money). sterlinga : sterling.
+ lango : tongue. kontraux : against, opposite.
+ gusto : taste. pro : for, owing to.
+ okulo : eye.
+
+"Io." Mi sentas, ke io okazas. Neniam mi ion al vi donis. Mi volas fari
+al vi ion bonan. Kio tio cxi estas? Kia ornamo tiu cxi estas? Kion mi
+vidas? Tio cxi estas cxio, pri kio mi parolis. Mi nenion cedos al vi.
+Nenion faru kontraux la patrino. Antaux cxio estu fidela al vi mem. Sxi
+eksentis ion tian, kion sxi mem komence ne povas kompreni.
+
+"Iom." Sxi parolis iom kolere. La pupiloj de la okuloj iom post iom
+malgrandigxis. Kiu estas tiom senprudenta, ke li povas gxin kredi? Kiom
+da mono vi havas? Mi havas neniom. Donu al mi tiom da akvo, kiom da
+vino.
+
+"Iu." Iu venas; kiu gxi estas? Cxu iu kuragxus tion fari? Cxiu penis sin
+savi, kiel li povis. Lingvo, en kiu neniu nin komprenos. Neniu el ili
+povis savi la dronanton. Li al neniu helpis iam ecx per unu centimo. Ni
+iros cxiuj kune. Mi konas neniun en tiu urbo. Tio cxi estas super cxiuj
+homaj fortoj.
+
+ 20C.
+
+Oni petis lin atendi iom kun lia forveturo. Tiuj cxi nestoj ofte estas
+pli grandaj, ol la dometoj de la tieaj homoj. Li forveturis kun firma
+decido forlasi por cxiam tiun cxi sendankan landon. Se iu tion vidus, li
+malbenus la Fortunon. Mi donus cent funtojn sterlingajn, se bova lango
+povus havi por mi tian bonan guston kiel por vi. Kioma
+
+
+ LESSON 21.
+
+ Suffixes -eg-, -et-.
+
+
+The suffixes "-eg-" and "-et-" are opposites; "-eg-" denotes a great
+size or degree, and "-et-" a small size or degree, of that which the
+word signifies, as "domo", a house, "domego", a mansion, "dometo", a
+cottage; "sxnuro", a cord, "sxnurego", a rope, "sxnureto", a string;
+"monto", a mountain, "montego", a huge mountain, "monteto", a hill;
+"ami", to love, "amegi", to idolise, "ameti", to have a liking for;
+"ridi", to laugh, "ridegi", to shout with laughter, to guffaw, "rideti",
+to smile.
+
+"-eg-" and "-et-" denote a greater or smaller size or degree than is
+expressed by "very large" or "very small". The adjective "ega" means
+"enormous, huge", and "eta" means "tiny".
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ arbaro : a wood. somero : summer.
+ bruo : noise. kampo : field.
+ kalesxo : carriage. piedego : paw.
+ korto : courtyard. forir- : go away.
+ piedo : foot. murmur- : murmur.
+ teruro : terror. varma : warm.
+ militistaro : army. densa : dense.
+ serio : series.
+
+En varmega tago mi amas promeni en arbaro. Kun bruo oni malfermis la
+pordegon, kaj la kalesxo enveturis en la korton. Tio cxi estas jam ne
+simpla pluvo, sed pluvego. Grandega hundo metis sur min sian antauxan
+piedegon, kaj mi de teruro ne sciis, kion fari. Antaux nia militistaro
+staris granda serio da pafilegoj. En tiu nokto blovis terura ventego.
+Kun plezurego. Li deziregis denove foriri.
+
+Tuj post la hejto la forno estis varmega, post unu horo gxi estis nur
+varma, post du horoj gxi estis nur iom varmeta, kaj post tri horoj gxi
+estis jam tute malvarma. Mi acxetis por la infanoj tableton kaj kelke da
+segxetoj. En nia lando sin ne trovas montoj, sed nur montetoj. En somero
+ni trovas malvarmeton en densaj arbaroj. Li sidas apud la tablo kaj
+dormetas. Mallargxa vojeto kondukas tra tiu cxi kampo al nia domo. Sur
+lia vizagxo mi vidis gxojan rideton. Antaux la virino aperis malgranda,
+beleta hundo. Pardonu, li murmuretis.
+
+
+ LESSON 22.
+
+ Suffix -il-.
+
+The suffix "-il-" denotes the "instrument" by means of which something
+is done, as "razi", to shave, "razilo", a razor; "rigli", to bolt,
+"riglilo", a bolt; "butero", butter, "buterilo", a churn; "kuraci", to
+treat (as a doctor), "kuracilo", a medicine.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ viando : meat, flesh. komb- : comb.
+ posxo : pocket. sxtop- : stop up.
+ korko : cork (substance). sxlos- : lock.
+ argxento : silver. glit- : glide, slide.
+ telero : plate. direkt- : direct, steer.
+ sano : health. difekt- : damage.
+ butero : butter. montr- : show.
+ hak- : chop, hew. pes- : weigh something.
+ seg- : saw. tir- : draw, pull.
+ fos- : dig. vetur- : drive (in a vehicle).
+ kudr- : sew. frosta : frosty.
+ tond- : clip, shear. magneta : magnetic.
+
+Per hakilo ni hakas, per segilo ni segas, per fosilo ni fosas, per
+kudrilo ni kudras, per tondilo ni tondas. La trancxilo estis tiel
+malakra, ke mi ne povis trancxi per gxi la viandon, kaj mi devis uzi
+mian posxan trancxilon. Cxu vi havas korktirilon, por malsxtopi la
+botelon? Mi volis sxlosi la pordon, sed mi perdis la sxlosilon. Sxi
+kombas al si la harojn per argxenta kombilo. En somero ni veturas per
+diversaj veturiloj, kaj en vintro per glitveturilo. Hodiaux estas
+bela frosta vetero; tial mi prenos miajn glitilojn kaj iros gliti. La
+direktilisto de "Pinta" difektis la direktilon. La magneta montrilo. La
+unua montrilo en la plej multaj malsanoj estas la lango. Li metis gxin
+sur la teleron de pesilo.
+
+
+ LESSON 23.
+
+ Suffixes -an-, -estr-.
+
+The suffix "-an-" signifies a "member", an "inhabitant" of a country,
+town, etc., or a member of a party, society, religion, etc. "Euxropano",
+a European; "Londonano", a Londoner; "urbo", a town or city, "urbano",
+a citizen; "klubo", a club, "klubano", a member of a club. "Ano", a
+member.
+
+"-estr-" denotes the "head" of a State, town, society, etc. "Regno",
+a State, "regnestro", a ruler of a State; "urbestro", the head of a
+town, a mayor; "lernejo", a school, "lernejestro", the principal or head
+master of a school; "imperio", an empire, "imperiestro", an emperor.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ Parizo : Paris. vilagxo : village.
+ regno : State. obe- : obey.
+ imperio : empire. konfes- : confess, avow,
+ polico : police. acknowledge, profess
+ Kristo : Christ. (a religion, etc.).
+ Lutero : Luther. enir- : enter.
+ Kalvino : Calvin. ruza : sharp (cunning).
+ germano : German. suficxa : sufficient.
+ franco : Frenchman. ordinara : ordinary.
+ Rusujo : Russia. naiva : simple.
+ provinco : province. sagxa : wise.
+ religio : religion. severa : strict, severe.
+ regimento : regiment. justa : just, righteous.
+ lokomotivo : engine. egala : equal.
+ logxio : box (opera), fiera : proud.
+ lodge (freemason, etc.). energia : energetic.
+
+La sxipanoj devas obei la sxipestron. Cxiuj logxantoj de regno estas
+regnanoj. Urbanoj estas ordinare pli ruzaj, ol vilagxanoj. La Parizanoj
+estas gajaj homoj. Nia urbo havas bonajn policanojn, sed ne suficxe
+energian policestron. Luteranoj kaj Kalvinanoj estas Kristanoj. Germanoj
+kaj francoj, kiuj logxas en Rusujo, estas Rusujanoj, kvankam ili ne
+estas rusoj. Li estas nelerta kaj naiva provincano. La logxantoj de unu
+regno estas samregnanoj, la logxantoj de unu urbo estas samurbanoj, la
+konfesantoj de unu religio estas samreligianoj. Tiuj, kiuj havas la
+samajn ideojn, estas samideanoj.
+
+La regnestro de nia lando estas bona kaj sagxa regxo. Nia provincestro
+estas severa, sed justa. Nia regimentestro estas por siaj soldatoj kiel
+bona patro. Ili estas egale fieraj, kiel domestrino pri sia domo. Sur la
+lokomotivo la lokomotivestro sidis sola. La imperiestro, akompanata de
+la imperiestrino, jxus eniris en sian logxion.
+
+
+ LESSON 24.
+
+ Suffixes -ar-, -er-.
+
+The suffix "-ar-" signifies a collection of the persons or things named,
+as "arbo", a tree, "arbaro", a wood; "homo", a human being, "homaro",
+mankind; "militisto", a soldier (from "milito", war), "militistaro",
+an army; "vorto", a word, "vortaro", a dictionary ("vortareto", a
+vocabulary); "aro", a flock, "anaro", a company, troop.
+
+"-er-" signifies a particle, or one of things of which the name denotes
+a mass, as "greno", corn, "grenero", a grain of corn; "polvo", dust,
+"polvero", a speck of dust; "pulvo", gunpowder, "pulvero", a grain
+of gunpowder; "hajlo", hail, "hajlero", a hailstone; "negxo", snow,
+"negxero", a snowflake; "koto", mud, "kotero", a speck of mud or dirt.
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ pulvo : gunpowder. sxafo : a sheep.
+ sxtupo : step, stair. fajro : fire.
+ tegmento : roof. met- : put, set.
+ herbo : grass. pasxt- : feed (cause to feed),
+ bruto : brute, beast, head of cattl pasture.
+ lano : wool. sekv- : follow.
+ persono : person. bar- : bar (obstruct).
+ floreno : florin. batal- : battle, fight.
+ sxilingo : shilling. eksplod- : explode.
+ penco : penny. brava : brave.
+ glaso : a glass (tumbler). kruta : steep.
+ brando : brandy. hispana : Spanish.
+ tuko : a cloth. vasta : vast, spacious.
+ telertuketo : serviette. precipe : chiefly, particularly.
+ [Footnote: See Lesson 45.] preskaux : almost.
+ sxnuro : cord. inter : between, among.
+ sablo : sand.
+
+Nia lando venkos, cxar nia militistaro estas granda kaj brava. Sur kruta
+sxtuparo li levis sin al la tegmento de la domo. Mi ne scias la lingvon
+hispanan, sed per helpo de vortaro hispana-germana mi tamen komprenis
+iom vian leteron. Sur tiuj cxi vastaj kaj herboricxaj kampoj pasxtas sin
+grandaj brutaroj, precipe aroj da bellanaj sxafoj. La vagonaro konsistis
+preskaux nur el personvagonoj. Oni metis antaux mi mangxilaron, kiu
+konsistis el telero, kulero, trancxilo, forko, glaseto por brando, glaso
+por vino kaj telertuketo. Sur la maro staris granda sxipo, kaj inter la
+sxnuregaro sidis cxie sxipanoj. Lia sekvantaro staris en la posto de la
+logxio. Mallumaj montegaroj baras la vojon.
+
+Floreno, sxilingo kaj penco estas moneroj. Sablero enfalis en mian
+okulon. Unu fajrero estas suficxa por eksplodigi pulvon.
+
+
+ LESSON 25.
+
+ Suffix -ul-.
+
+The suffix "-ul-" denotes a person characterised by the quality, etc.,
+which the word expresses, as "justa", just, righteous, "justulo", one
+who is just; "babili", to chatter, "babilulo", one who chatters, a
+babbler; "avara", avaricious, "avarulo", a miser; "kun", with, "kunulo",
+a companion.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ legendo : legend. entrepren- : undertake.
+ ombro : shadow. propra : own.
+ rajto : right, authority. avara : avaricious.
+ profeto : prophet. potenca : powerful.
+ mensogo : a lie. infekta : infectious.
+ tagmangx- : dine. cxe : at, with.
+
+Malricxa sagxulo tagmangxis cxe avara ricxulo. Malsagxulon cxiu batas.
+Li estas mensogisto kaj malnoblulo. Timulo timas ecx sian propran
+ombron. Tiu cxi maljunulo tute malsagxigxis kaj infanigxis. Unu
+instruitulo entreprenis gravan sciencan laboron. Nur sanktuloj havas la
+rajton enveni tien cxi. Li sola estas la grandulo, la potenculo. Gxi ne
+estas la legendo pri la belulino Zobeido. Post infekta malsano oni ofte
+bruligas la vestojn de la malsanulo. La malbeno de la profeto staras
+super la kapo de maldankulo. Post kelkaj minutoj la kuragxulo eliris.
+Cxiuj sanktuloj, helpu!
+
+
+ LESSON 26.
+
+The following words, which have already been used in the previous
+lessons, are always placed before nouns or pronouns, to show the
+relation (of position, etc.) between the thing for which the noun stands
+and another thing or an action.
+
+ al : to, towards. laux : according to.
+ apud : beside, near, by. per : by means of, with.
+ da : of (indefinite quantity). post : after, behind.
+ de : of from, by. pri : concerning, about.
+ el : out of. por : for, for the sake of.
+ en : in, into, within. sen : without.
+ ekster : outside. super : above, over.
+ gxis : until, till, as far as. sur : on, upon.
+ inter : between, among. tra : through.
+ kontraux : against, opposite. trans : across, on the other side.
+ kun : (in company) with. je (has no definite meaning).
+
+(These words are called PREPOSITIONS, which means placed before).
+
+The other simple prepositions are--
+
+ anstataux : instead of. po : at the rate of.
+ antaux : before. pro : for (cause), owing to.
+ cxe : at, with. preter : past, beyond, by.
+ cxirkaux : about, around. spite : in despite of.
+ krom : besides, except. sub : under.
+ malgraux : notwithstanding,
+ in spite of.
+
+The prepositions "anstataux", "antaux" ("ol"), and "por" are also used
+before Infinitive verbs, as "anstataux diri", instead of saying (to
+say); "antaux ol paroli", before speaking; "por lerni", in order to
+learn.
+
+In Esperanto all the prepositions except "je" have a definite meaning,
+and care must be taken to use the one which conveys the exact sense.
+The same word cannot be used for "with" in the two sentences "He went
+with his father" and "He cut it with a knife," or for "about" in "He
+spoke about his child" and "They stood about the stove." In the first
+example "with" his father is "kun", in company with, Li iris "kun"
+sia patro, and "with" a knife is "per", by means of, Li trancxis gxin
+"per" trancxilo. "About," in "about his child," is "pri," concerning,
+Li parolis "pri" sia infano, but "about," in "about the stove," is
+"cxirkaux," around, Ili staris "cxirkaux" la forno.
+
+When we cannot decide which is the correct preposition to use in any
+case, we may use "je," the only preposition which has no special meaning
+of its own, or the preposition may be left out altogether, and "n"
+added to the noun or pronoun, provided that no want of clearness ensue
+(see Lesson 27), as Mi ridas "pro" lia naiveco, or, Mi ridas "je" lia
+naiveco, or, Mi ridas lian "naivecon", I laugh at his simplicity.
+
+When we wish to express "motion towards" something, and the preposition
+does not of itself express it, "n" is added to the noun or pronoun, as
+in the case of adverbs (see Lesson 12), "Li estas en la domo", He is in
+the house; but, "Li iras en la domon", He is going into the house.
+
+NOTE.--There are three cases in which the noun or pronoun takes "n".
+(i.). When it is the "direct object" of the verb, as "Mi vidis lin",
+I saw him. (ii.). To show "direction", as "Li iris en la gxardenon",
+He went into the garden. (iii.). When the "preposition" is "left out".
+This is usually done in the case of "dates" and expressions signifying
+"duration" of time, as "Georgo Vasxington estis naskita la dudek-duan de
+Februaro de la jaro mil sepcent tridek du", George Washington was born
+the 22nd of February, 1732. "Vi restos tie cxi la tutan vivon (dum la
+tuta vivo)", You will remain here your (the) whole life.
+
+All the prepositions whose meaning allows of it can be used as
+adjectives, adverbs, etc., by adding the proper endings, as from
+"antaux", before, we get "antauxa", former, "antauxe", formerly or
+previously, "antauxen", forward.
+
+Prepositions are also joined to other words, and to prefixes or
+suffixes, as "antauxdiri", to foretell; "apudmara urbo", a seaside town;
+"senigi", to deprive of.
+
+Sometimes the preposition is both prefixed to the verb and used after it
+before the noun, as "Li eliris el la domo, kaj eniris en la gxardenon",
+He went out of the house, and entered into the garden.
+
+
+ LESSON 27.
+
+ Al.
+
+"Al" signifies "to" or "towards" a person or place. It is also used
+before the noun or pronoun which signifies "person" after such verbs as
+"give, tell", etc., which take two objects in different relations to the
+verb, as-- Give (to) him the book, "Donu al li la libron." Tell (to)
+him the truth, "Diru al li la veron." Write (to) him a letter, "Skribu
+al li leteron." In such cases we can say "Pardonu lin", Pardon him, if
+the "thing" object is not mentioned, but we cannot say "Pardonu lin la
+kulpon", Forgive him his fault; it must be "Pardonu al li la kulpon."
+The pronoun with "al" is sometimes used instead of the possessive
+(pronoun) adjective "mia", etc., as "Mi trancxis al mi la fingron",
+for "Mi trancxis mian fingron", I cut my finger. "Sxi kombis al si la
+harojn," instead of "Sxi kombis siajn harojn," She combed her hair.
+
+"Al" is frequently used as a prefix as well as after the verb, as
+"aldoni", to add; "alpreni", to adopt; "aligxi", to adhere; "aljugxi",
+to award.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ sorcxisto : sorcerer. promes- : promise.
+ detrancx- : cut off. ambaux : both.
+
+Sxi revenis al la palaco de sia patro. Ili ambaux iris al la urbestro.
+Cxu mi ne faris al vi bonon? Sxi nenion al ili rakontis. Sxi skribis al
+li leteron. Cxiutage li instruas al la homoj ion, kion ili ne scias. Ili
+flugis al la suno. Unu fratino promesis al la alia rakonti al sxi, kion
+sxi vidis kaj kio la plej multe placxis al sxi en la unua tago. Eble li
+al vi pardonos. Sxi ne kredis al siaj propraj oreloj. Li ne sciis, ke
+al sxi li devas danki la vivon. Si savis al li la vivon. La sorcxistino
+detrancxis al la virineto de maro la langon.
+
+
+ LESSON 28.
+
+ Cxe. Apud.
+
+"Cxe" indicates a certain "place, time", or "point of thought,
+discourse", etc., as, "Li estis cxe mia patro", He was with my father,
+or at my father's house. "Cxe la momento", At the moment. "Li estis cxe
+la pordo", He was at the door, "Cxeesti", To be present.
+
+"Apud" means "close by, beside." It applies to place only, as "La knabo
+staris apud la patro", The boy stood by, or beside, the father.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ fundo : bottom. halt- : stop, halt.
+ brako : arm. ramp- : creep, crawl.
+ torcxo : torch. plant- : (to) plant.
+ serpento : serpent. multekosta : precious,
+ statuo : statue. valuable.
+ saliko : willow. aux ... aux : either ... or.
+
+Mi logxis cxe sxia patro. Gxi falis sur la fundon de la maro cxe la
+rompigxo de la sxipo. Cxe lumo de torcxoj. Brako cxe brako. Kaptis lin
+kelka timo cxe la penso. Nenio helpas; oni devas nur kuragxe resti cxe
+sia opinio. Sxi ridis cxe lia rakontado. Cxe cxiu vorto, kiun vi diros,
+el via busxo eliros aux floro aux multekosta sxtono.
+
+Li haltis apud la pordo. La serpento rampis apud sxiaj piedoj. Kiam
+li estis cxe mi, li staris tutan horon apud la fenestro. Mi logxis en
+arbo apud via domo. Sxi plantis apud la statuo roza-rugxan salikon. La
+apudvojaj arboj.
+
+
+ LESSON 29.
+
+ En.
+
+"En" means "in, inside;" when "n" is added to the noun which it
+precedes, it means "into", as "Kie vi estas? Mi estas en la domo. Kien
+vi iras? Mi iras en la gxardenon." Where are you? I am in the house.
+Where are you going? I am going into the garden. "Malamiko venis en nian
+landon", An enemy came into our country.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ Hispanujo : Spain. muel- : grind.
+ humoro : humour, temper. turn- : turn.
+ paco : peace. divid- : divide.
+ pinglo : pin. do : then.
+ nasko-tago : birthday. gxuste : exactly, just.
+ faruno : flour. kvazaux : as if.
+ parto : part.
+
+La birdo flugas en la cxambro ( = gxi estas en la cxambro, kaj flugas en
+gxi). La birdo flugas en la cxambron ( = gxi estas ekster la cxambro,
+kaj flugas nun en gxin). Mi vojagxas en Hispanujo. Mi vojagxas en
+Hispanujon. Kion do fari en tia okazo? Mi estas en bona humoro. Li
+murmuretis al la regxino en la orelon. En sekvo de tiu cxi okazo. Mi
+preferus resti en paco tie cxi. Sxia naskotago estis gxuste en la mezo
+de vintro. Li ekrigardis en la okulojn de la infano. Li estis bela
+granda viro en la agxo de kvardek jaroj. En la dauxro de mia tuta vivo.
+En la fino de la jaro. Mano en mano. Enirinte en la vagonon, sxi sidis
+kvazaux sur pingloj. La greno mueligxas en farunon. Aleksandro turnigxis
+en polvon. Li dividis la pomon en du partojn.
+
+
+ LESSON 30.
+
+ Inter. Ekster. El.
+
+"Inter" means "between, among", or "amongst." It is largely used as a
+prefix, as "interparoli", to converse; "internacia", international;
+"interkonsento", agreement; "sin intermeti", to interfere.
+
+
+"Ekster" means "out of, outside", as "ekster dangxero", out of danger.
+It is used as a prefix, as "eksterordinara", extraordinary.
+
+"El" means "out of". It applies (i.) to "place", signifying motion from,
+as, "Mi eliris el la domo", I went out of the house. (ii.). "Chosen from
+among", as, "Unu el miaj infanoj", One of (from among) my children.
+(iii.). "Made out of", as, "Tiu cxi sxtofo estas farita el lano", This
+cloth is made (out) of wool. "El" is used as a prefix, and means "out,
+outright", or "thoroughly", as, "Elfosi", to dig out; "Ellerni", to
+learn thoroughly.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ kolono : column, pillar. krono : crown.
+ marmoro : marble. uzo : use.
+ figuro : figure. okazo : occasion.
+ muro : wall. alfabeto : alphabet.
+ kanapo : sofa. divid- : divide (something).
+ arto : art. produkt- : produce.
+ viveco : liveliness. interne : inside.
+
+Inter Rusujo kaj Francujo estas Germanujo. Ili dividis inter si dekdu
+pomojn. Inter la deka kaj dekunua horo matene. Inter la kolonoj staris
+marmoraj figuroj. Apud la muro inter la fenestroj staris kanapo. Longe
+ili parolis inter si. Cxe tiu cxi malsano unu horo povas decidi inter
+vivo kaj morto. En la intertempo inter la paroloj oni produktas artajn
+fajrojn.
+
+Mi staras ekster la domo, kaj li estas interne. Li estas ekster la
+pordo. Nun ni estas ekster dangxero. Li logxas ekster la urbo. Starante
+ekstere, li povis vidi nur la eksteran flankon de nia domo. Li montris
+eksteren en la mallumon. Mi lasis lin ekstere. La ekstero de tiu cxi
+homo estas pli bona, ol lia interno.
+
+Li eliris el la urbo. Li estas jxus reveninta el la eksterlando. Kun
+eksterordinara viveco sxi elsaltis el la vagono. Sxi metis al sxi
+kronon el blankaj lilioj sur la harojn. Li faris uzon el la okazo. Tiuj
+cxi nestoj estas farataj tute el tero. Sxi estis la plej kuragxa el
+cxiuj. Jen vi elkreskis! Li eliris el la dormocxambro, kaj eniris en la
+mangxocxambron. La esperanta alfabeto konsistas el dudek ok literoj.
+
+
+ LESSON 31.
+
+ Sur. Super. Sub.
+
+"Sur" means "on, upon" (touching). "Li sidas sur la kanapo", He is
+sitting on the sofa. Followed by the accusative (with "n") it means "on
+to", as "Sidigxu sur la kanapon", Sit down on the sofa. "Influi sur la
+karakteron", To have influence on the character.
+
+"Super" means "over, above" (not touching). "Super la maro flugis la
+nuboj", Over the sea floated the clouds. Followed by the accusative it
+shows motion over and above a thing, as "Li jxetis sxtonon super la
+muron", He threw a stone over the wall.
+
+"Sub" means "under, underneath". "La hundo kusxis sub la tablo", The
+dog lay under the table. With the accusative "sub" shows motion to and
+beneath, as "La hundo kuris sub la tablon", The dog ran under the table.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ aero : air. suprajxo : surface.
+ sono : sound. sxultro : shoulder.
+ benko : bench. ferdeko : deck.
+ kato : cat. balanc- : swing (something).
+ lito : bed. frap- : strike, slap.
+ frukto : fruit. influ- : have influence on.
+ genuo : knee. prem- : press.
+ muso : mouse. nagx- : swim.
+ muziko : music. forestanta : absent.
+ ponto : bridge. nobla : noble (quality).
+ sofo : sofa. alta : high.
+
+Mi sidas sur segxo kaj tenas la piedojn sur benketo. Li revenis kun kato
+sur la brako. Mi metis la manon sur la tablon. Li falis sur la genuojn.
+Ne iru sur la ponton. Li jxetis sin malespere sur segxon. Li frapis lin
+sur la sxultron, kaj premis lin malsupren sur la sofon. Mi sidigis min
+sur la lokon de la forestanta hejtisto. La fruktoplantado devas influi
+noblige sur tiujn, kiuj sia okupas je gxi.
+
+Super la tero sin trovas aero. Liaj pensoj alte levigxis super la
+nubojn. Sxi ricevis la permeson sin levi super la suprajxon de la maro.
+Ili povis sin levi sur la altajn montojn alte super la nubojn. Li staras
+supre sur la monto kaj rigardas malsupren sur la kampon. Sxi sidis sur
+la akvo kaj balancigxis supren kaj malsupren.
+
+El sub la kanapo la muso kuris sub la liton, kaj nun gxi kuras sub la
+lito. Sxi ofte devis nagxi sub la akvon. Sub la sonoj de muziko ili
+dancis sur la ferdeko. Ekfloris sub sxia rigardo la blankaj lilioj. Sxi
+subigxis sub la akvon. Sxi suprennagxis cxe la subiro de la suno.
+
+
+ LESSON 32.
+
+ Tra. Trans. Preter.
+
+"Tra" means "through", as "Tra la truo", Through the hole. "Tra la
+mondo", Through the world.
+
+"Trans" means "at the other side, across", as "Li logxas trans la
+rivero", He lives on the other side of the river. With the accusative it
+means "to the other side", as "Li nagxis trans la riveron", He swam to
+the other side of (across) the river.
+
+
+"Preter" means "past, by", or "beyond;" it conveys the idea of coming
+up from behind and passing on in front, as "Mi pasis preter via frato",
+or "Mi preterpasis vian fraton", I passed your brother. The difference
+between "tra", "trans", and "preter" is clearly shown by the sentence
+"Trapasinte la arbaron, li preterpasis la pregxejon kaj tiam transpasis
+la riveron per la ponto", Having passed through the wood, he passed by
+the church, and then passed over the river by the bridge.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ kameno : hearth, fireside. momento : moment.
+ poto : pot. abato : abbot.
+ kaldrono : cauldron, kettle. penetr- : penetrate.
+ vaporo : steam, vapour. bol- : boil (as water boils).
+ hirundo : swallow. turn- : turn (a thing or oneself).
+ tunelo : tunnel. largxa : wide, broad.
+ oceano : ocean.
+
+Li estas tiel dika, ke li ne povas trairi tra nia mallargxa pordo.
+Sxi rigardis supren tra la mallume-blua akvo. Tra la palrugxa aero
+lumis la stelo de la vespero. La sonado de la sonoriloj trapenetras
+malsupren al sxi. Ili traglitas inter la brancxoj. Sur la kameno inter
+du potoj staras fera kaldrono; el la kaldrono, en kiu sin trovas (or
+"trovigxas") bolanta akvo, eliras vaporo; tra la fenestro, kiu sin
+trovas (or "trovigxas") apud la pordo, la vaporo iras sur la korton.
+
+La hirundo flugis trans la riveron, cxar trans la rivero sin trovis
+(or "trovigxis") aliaj hirundoj. Ili povas flugi sur sxipoj trans la
+maron. "Kial Hanibalo iris trans la Alpojn? Cxar tiam la tunelo ne
+estis ankoraux preter." Estas neeble, ke ili estu transirintaj trans la
+oceanon. Cxio transturnigxis la fundo supren.
+
+Ni pasis preter la stacio. En tiu cxi momento preteriras la abato.
+Preterirante, mi demandis lin, cxu jam estas la dekdua horo. La muelilo
+ne povas mueli per akvo preterfluinta.
+
+
+ LESSON 33.
+
+ Antaux. Post.
+
+"Antaux" means "before" (time), "Ni revenos antaux Mardo", We shall
+return before Tuesday, "in front of" (place), "Antaux la domo", Before
+the house. Before verbs "antaux ol" is used, as "Lavu vin, antaux ol
+mangxi", Wash (yourself) before eating.
+
+"Post" means "after" (time), "behind" (place).
+
+Care must be taken in using "antaux" and "post" to arrange the sentence
+so that there can be no doubt as to whether time or place is referred
+to. "He came before his father," in place or position, "i.e.", in front
+of his father, is "Li venis antaux sia patro", but if "before in time"
+is meant, it must be "Li venis antaux ol lia patro" ("venis"). "Li venis
+post sia patro" means He came behind his father; if we mean "after his
+father came" we may use "kiam", and say "Li venis post, kiam lia patro
+venis".
+
+To express "time past," "ago," "antaux" is used, as "Antaux tri tagoj",
+Three days ago. "Antaux longe", A long time ago. "Antaux nelonge", Not
+long ago.
+
+To express "in" a time to come "post" is used, as I will come in three
+days, "Mi venos post tri tagoj". "Post nelonge", In a short time.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ pregxejo : church (place of vek- : waken (someone).
+ prayer). bala- : sweep.
+ ordo : order. rauxka : hoarse.
+ ricxeco : wealth. avida : eager, greedy.
+ pasxo : step. ofte : often.
+ pagxo : page. publike : publicly.
+
+Antaux ili staris pregxejo. Antaux tiuj homoj estas inde paroli. Ofte
+en la nokto sxi staris antaux la fenestro. Mi estas peka antaux vi.
+Antaux unu horo. Antaux mallonge li vekigxis tre rauxka. Antaux nelonge
+oni vendis la domon publike. Ne iru, antaux ol vi scias, ke cxio estas
+en ordo. Mi devos lasi ilin elbalai la cxambron, antaux ol ni komencos
+danci. Mi estis tie en la antauxa jaro. Antauxe mi neniam pensis pri
+ricxeco. Estis al sxi, kiel la sorcxistino antauxdiris.
+
+Li restis post la pordo. Iom post iom. Sxi komencis avide legi pagxon
+post pagxo. Sxi rigardis post lin kun rideto. Post kelkaj minutoj
+levigxis la suno. Sxi jxetis siajn brakojn posten kaj antauxen. Ni
+restos kelkajn semajnojn en Parizo; poste ni vojagxos en Germanujon.
+
+
+ LESSON 34.
+
+ Dum. Gxis. Cxirkaux.
+
+"Dum" means "during", as "Dum mia tuta vivo", During my whole life. It
+is not much used as a preposition, that is, before a noun, "en la dauxro
+de" being better, as "En la dauxro de mia tuta vivo", In (the duration
+of) my whole life; or the preposition is omitted altogether, as "La
+tutan tagon mi laboradis", I used to work all day long. "Dum", meaning
+"while, whilst", is often used at the beginning of a sentence. "Dume"
+means meanwhile, or, in the meantime.
+
+"Gxis" means "till, until, up to, as far as". "Atendu gxis Sabato", Wait
+until Saturday. "Iru gxis la rivero", Go as far as the river.
+
+"Cxirkaux" means "about" or "around, somewhere near" (more or less).
+"Ili ludis cxirkaux la arbo", They played around the tree. "Cxirkaux
+Majo ni foriros", About May we shall go away.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ koncerto : concert. vitro : glass (material).
+ flanko : side. globo : globe.
+ sorto : fate. kolekt- : collect.
+ radio : ray. prepar- : prepare.
+ kupolo : cupola, dome. pes- : weigh (something).
+ rublo : rouble. ekzist- : exist.
+ etagxo : story (of building). pere- : perish.
+ doloro : pain, ache. proksime : near to.
+
+Dum la tuta tago (aux, la tutan tagon) li restis sola. Dum (aux, en la
+dauxro de) kelkaj monatoj, sxi ne eliradis el sia cxambro. Li dormis dum
+la tuta koncerto (aux, la tutan koncerton). Dum dauxris la preparoj,
+li estis gasto cxe la regxo. Dum li veturas sur la vojo al Grenada, en
+Santa Fe estas decidata lia sorto.
+
+Ili laboradis gxis profunda nokto. La telero de la pesilo mallevigxis
+gxis la tero. Gxiaj radioj sin levadis gxis la kupolo. Pruntu al mi dek
+rublojn gxis morgaux. Li laboradis de frua mateno gxis malfrua nokto. Li
+batalos gxis la fino mem. Ni levadis nin cxiam pli kaj pli alte gxis la
+kvara etagxo. Gxi ekzistos gxis la mondo pereos.
+
+La regxo venis cxirkaux tagmezo en la vilagxon Reading. Cxirkaux la
+mateno la ventego finigxis. Estos suficxe cxirkaux dek metroj. Cxiuj
+kolektigxis cxirkaux la vitra globo. Oni povas rigardi tre malproksime
+cxirkauxe. Cxirkauxe nagxis grandaj montoj de glacio. Li rigardis
+cxirkauxen sur cxiuj flankoj.
+
+
+ LESSON 35.
+
+ De. Da.
+
+
+"De" means "of", "from", or "by"; it denotes (i.) "possession", as "La
+cxapelo de la patro", The father's hat; (ii.), "the agent of an action",
+as "La letero estis skribata de Johano", The letter was written by John;
+(iii.), "cause, Li mortis de febro", He died of fever; (iv.), "starting
+point, from, since", as "De tiu tempo neniu lin vidis", (Starting) from
+(since) that time nobody has seen him; "Li venis de Parizo", He came
+from Paris.
+
+"Da" means "of"; it is used after words signifying quantity, when the
+noun following has a "general", not a "particular" sense, as "Dekduo
+da kuleroj", A dozen spoons; "Funto da teo", A pound of tea; "Peco da
+pano", A piece of bread; but if some particular tea, bread, etc., is
+specified, "de" must be used, as "Funto de la teo", A pound of the tea;
+"Peco de la pano", A piece of the bread. "La" cannot be used after "da."
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ placo : place, square. peco : piece.
+ velo : sail. sumo : sum.
+ drapo : cloth. inko : ink.
+ ovo : egg. najbaro : neighbour.
+ kilometro : kilometre. mezuro : measure,
+ bordo : shore. sufer- : suffer.
+ amaso : crowd. signif- : mean, signify.
+ auxtuno : autumn. nigra : black.
+ turo : tower. plena : full.
+ cxevalo : horse.
+
+La lumo de la luno. En la mezo de la placo staris domo. Li povis havi
+la agxon de dekses jaroj. La tempo de ilia vivo estas ankoraux pli
+mallonga, ol de nia. Ili sin levis de apud la tablo. Mi pensis, ke vi
+de tie jam ne revenos. La sxipanoj demetis la velojn. Li deiris de la
+cxevalo.
+
+Glaso de vino estas glaso, en kiu antauxe sin trovis vino, aux kiun oni
+uzas por vino; glaso da vino estas glaso plena je vino. Alportu al mi
+metron da nigra drapo. (Metro de drapo signifus metron, kiu kusxis sur
+drapo, aux kiu estas uzata por drapo). Mi acxetis dekon da ovoj. Tiu
+cxi rivero havas ducent kilometrojn da longo. Sur la bordo de la maro
+staris amaso da homoj. Multaj birdoj flugas en la auxtuno en pli varmajn
+landojn. Sur la arbo sin trovis multe (aux multo) da birdoj. Kelkaj
+homoj sentas sin la plej felicxaj, kiam ili vidas la suferojn de siaj
+najbaroj. En la cxambro sidis nur kelke da homoj. "Da" post ia vorto
+montras, ke tiu cxi vorto havas signifon de mezuro.
+
+Gxi estas bela peco da sxtofo. Sur la teleron li metis milojn da
+pecoj da argxento. La lumoj brilas kiel centoj da steloj. Knabo
+acxetis boteleton da inko. Ili konstruas turetojn enhavantajn multe da
+cxambretoj. Li donis al ili grandan sumon da mono.
+
+
+ LESSON 36.
+
+ Per. Kun. Sen.
+
+"Per" and "kun" represent different uses of our word "with," so care
+must be taken to use the correct word.
+
+"Per" signifies "by means of"; it denotes the "instrument" by means of
+which something is done, as "Per hakilo ni hakas", By means of an axe we
+chop.
+
+"Kun" means "in company with, accompanying". "Li iros kun mi", He will
+go with me.
+
+"Sen" means "without" as "Teo sen sukero", Tea without sugar. It is used
+as a prefix to denote absence of something, as "sen-utila", without
+use, useless (compare with "mal", which denotes the exact opposite;
+"malutila" means "harmful, noxious").
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ envio : envy. folio : leaf.
+ sxauxmo : foam, froth. fadeno : thread.
+ fisxo : fish. lud- : play.
+ vosto : tail. pentr- : paint.
+ pentrajxo : painting. flar- : smell (something).
+ regxido : prince (king's son). pel- : drive.
+ princo : prince. kovr- : cover.
+ ondo : wave. cxes- : cease.
+ membro : member. mov- : move (something).
+ tataro : Tartar. kune : together.
+
+Mi mangxas per la busxo, kaj flaras per la nazo. Sxi surpasxis per piedo
+sur la serpenton. Gxi enkovris la belegan lilion per blanka sxauxmo. La
+korpo finigxis per fisxa vosto. Cxiuj muroj estas ornamitaj per grandaj
+pentrajxoj. Per tie cxi, kaj ne per alia vojo, la sxtelisto forkuris.
+Per kia maniero oni povas veni en la landon de oro? Per tia maniero. Per
+unu vorto. La stelo Venus ekbrulis per envio.
+
+Sxi volis ludi kun ili, sed kun teruro ili forkuris. Kun kia atento
+sxi auxskultis tiujn cxi rakontojn! La plej bela el ili estis la juna
+regxido kun la grandaj nigraj okuloj. Tien cxi alnagxis la virineto de
+maro kun la bela princo. Kun plezuro. Kun cxiu jaro la nombro de la
+membroj rapide kreskis.
+
+La tataro restis sen bona cxevalo kaj sen mangxo. Li preskaux sen vivo
+estis pelata de la ondoj. Ili teksis per cxiuj fortoj, sed sen fadenoj.
+Li senvorte obeis. La folioj sin movis (or "movigxis") sencxese. Li
+kreis sennombrajn birdojn.
+
+
+ LESSON 37.
+
+ Por. Pro.
+
+"Por" means "for, in order to, for the purpose of, for the benefit of",
+as "Li acxetis inkon por skribi", He bought ink in order to write. Por
+is one of the three prepositions used before verbs in the Infinitive.
+
+"Pro" means "for, because of, on account of, for the sake of" (cause),
+as "Li demandis sxin, pro kio sxi ploras", He asked her, for what
+(reason or cause) she weeps.
+
+"Por" looks "forward" to the aim or purpose of the action, to that which
+comes after the action, while "pro" looks "back" to what came before
+the action and caused it to be done, as "Mi mangxas" pro "malsato" por
+"vivi", I eat because of hunger in order to live.
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ ofico : office. vend- : sell.
+ mastro : master. konvink- : convince.
+ kafo : coffee. kontenta : content, pleased.
+ bieno : property. sata : satiated.
+ kauxzo : cause.
+
+Li sin kuracis por resanigxi. Sxi havis multege por rakonti. Li iris
+en la pregxejon, por fari la konfeson. Por iel pasigi la tempon. Neniu
+pli bone tauxgas por sia ofico, ol li. Li uzis cxiajn siajn fortojn por
+kontentigi sian mastron. Por mi estas tute egale, kie ajn mi logxas.
+Prenu (la pagon) por la kafo.
+
+Li mortis pro (aux, de) malsato. Mi havis tre bonan bienon, kiu
+estis vendita pro sxuldoj. Pro la cxielo, ne faru tion cxi. Li estis
+konvinkita, ke li pro si ne devas timi. Pro tio cxi Venus lumas pli
+forte, ol multaj aliaj steloj. Cxu pro tio, aux cxu pro ia alia kauxzo,
+mi ne scias.
+
+
+ LESSON 38.
+
+ Pri. Laux.
+
+"Pri" means "concerning, in regard to, about", as "Ni parolis pri nia
+amiko", We spoke about or concerning our friend.
+
+"Pripensi", to think about, to consider. "Priparoli", to speak about.
+"Priskribi", to describe.
+
+"Laux" means "according to, in accordance with", as "Laux mia opinio",
+According to (or, in) my opinion.
+
+"Lauxlonge", lengthways.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ konko : shell afero : affair, matter.
+ komando : command. honesteco : honesty.
+ eksterajxo : exterior. konvena : suitable, proper,
+ portreto : portrait. respectable.
+ boneco : goodness. songx- : dream.
+ fojo : time. sxajn- : seem, appear.
+
+Sxi volis kredi, ke la hebreo parolas pri iu alia. Nun la virino havas
+cxion, sxi pri nenio povas peti. Pri tio cxi ne pensu. Tion oni vere
+ne povas diri pri vi. Estis ankoraux multaj aferoj, pri kiuj ili volis
+scii. Li ne povis ecx songxi pri sxi. Sxi demandadis pri tio la maljunan
+avinon.
+
+Mi restas tie cxi laux la ordono de mia estro. Li ekiris laux tiu
+cxi rivero. Ili havis la permeson supreniri cxiufoje laux sia volo.
+Sxi povis laux sia placxo fosi kaj planti. La konkoj sin fermas kaj
+malfermas laux la fluo de la akvo. Laux sia eksterajxo li sxajnis
+konvena homo. Laux la komando "tri" vi ekpafos sur la arbon. La pli
+juna filino estis la plena portreto de sia patro laux sia boneco kaj
+honesteco.
+
+
+ LESSON 39.
+
+ Kontraux. Anstataux. Krom.
+
+"Kontraux" means "against, opposite", or "in opposition to" as "Li
+kuragxe batalis kune kun ni kontraux niaj malamikoj", He courageously
+fought with us against our enemies. It is also used in the sense
+of "overlooking", as "La fenestro kontraux la strato", The window
+overlooking the street; and of "facing", as "Vizagxo kontraux vizagxo",
+Face to face. "Kontrauxdiri", to contradict.
+
+"Anstataux" means "instead of, in the place" of, as "Mi iris Londonon
+anstataux Parizon", I went to London instead of to Paris. "Mi iris
+hieraux anstataux morgaux", I went yesterday instead of to-morrow.
+"Anstataux piediri, li veturis", Instead of going on foot, he drove.
+"Anstatauxi", to take (or, be in) the place of; "anstatauxigi", to put
+in the place of, to replace (by).
+
+"Krom" means "not including, in addition to, besides", as "En la cxambro
+estis neniu krom li", In the room there was nobody except him. "La knabo
+estas granda, kaj krom tio, li estas bona". The boy is tall, and besides
+that, he is good.
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ rimedo : a means, remedy. sukero : sugar.
+ kutimo : custom. kremo : cream.
+ profesoro : professor, prepozicio : preposition.
+ reflektoro : reflector. vokalo : vowel.
+ fiancxo : betrothed. abomeno : disgust.
+ flanko : side. ordinara : ordinary.
+ teo : tea.
+
+Vi havas rimedojn kontraux cxiuj malsanoj. Kion povas fari li sola
+kontraux cent homoj? Kontraux sia kutimo, la profesoro nenion diris. Gxi
+flugis kontraux la reflektoron. Kontraux sia propra volo sxi tion cxi
+konfesis. Li eksentis ian abomenon kontraux si. La kontrauxa flanko. Ili
+sidigxis unu kontraux la alia. Sxi estis maljusta kontraux li. Kontraux
+la ordinaro, la nombro de la dancantoj estis granda.
+
+Anstataux li, oni sendis lian fraton. Anstataux eliri, li restis en la
+domo. Okulo anstataux okulo, kaj dento anstataux dento. Anstataux kafo
+li donis al mi teon kun sukero sed sen kremo. Anstataux "la" oni povas
+ankaux diri "l'" (sed nur post prepozicio, kiu finigxas per vokalo).
+
+En la salono staris neniu krom li kaj lia fiancxino. Krom la malplena
+teksilo nenio estis. Krom ni mem, ni havis tre malmulte por enporti. Sxi
+volis havi, krom la rugxaj floroj, nur unu belan statuon. Cxiuj dormis,
+krom la direktilisto apud sia direktilo. Krom la membroj alveturas multe
+da gastoj.
+
+
+ LESSON 40.
+
+ Malgraux. Spite. Po. Je.
+
+"Malgraux" means "in spite of", "notwithstanding", as "Li sukcesis
+malgraux cxio", He succeeded in spite of everything.
+
+"Spite" is a stronger expression than "malgraux"; it means in defiance
+of all opposition, despite, as "Li faris tion, spite la malpermeso", He
+did that, in spite of being forbidden.
+
+
+"Po" means "at the rate of", as "Mi acxetis dekduon da ovoj po unu
+penco", I bought a dozen eggs at (the rate of) a penny (each).
+"Poduone", by halves. "Po grande", wholesale; "po malgrande", retail.
+
+As already said (see Lesson 26), "je" is the only preposition which has
+no meaning of its own. It is used when a preposition is needed, and none
+of the others properly expresses the idea, as "La krucxo estas plena je"
+(or, "de") "akvo", The jug is full of water. "Mi enuas je la hejmo", I
+am tired of home.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ mastrumajxo : household affairs. honoro : honour.
+ fungo : mushroom. libereco : freedom, liberty.
+ senco : sense, meaning. kulpo : fault.
+ regulo : rule. simila : similar, like.
+ klareco : clearness. komuna : common to.
+ akuzativo : accusative. kri- : cry.
+ nobeleco : nobility (of birth). sopir- : sigh for, long for.
+ ekzemple : for example.
+
+Li multe laboris, sed malgraux cxio, li ne sukcesis. Estis ankoraux
+suficxe varme, malgraux ke la suno staris malalte. Ili estos severe
+punataj, se ili, malgraux la malpermeso, pekos kontraux la libereco de
+la vojo. Spite cxiuj miaj penoj por malhelpi lin, li foriris.
+
+Por miaj kvar infanoj mi acxetis dek du pomojn, kaj al cxiu el la
+infanoj mi donis po tri pomoj. Ili povas kosti po tri gxis kvin
+sxilingoj. Tiu cxi libro havas sesdek pagxojn; tial se mi legos en cxiu
+tago po dekkvin pagxoj, mi finos la tutan libron en kvar tagoj. Mi
+acxetis kvar librojn po ses pencoj.
+
+Ni estis nur okupitaj je kelkaj mastrumajxoj. La konstruo estas simila
+je fungo. Ili forkuris, kiam la virino ekkriis je ili. Je la vespero la
+cxielo kovrigxis je nuboj. El timo je Karagara mi forkuris. Sxi estis
+tre fiera je sia nobeleco. La hundo sincere malgxojis je li. Neniu el
+ili estis tiel plena je deziroj, kiel la plej juna knabino. Je vorto de
+honoro.
+
+ 40A.
+
+Se ni bezonas uzi prepozicion, kaj la senco ne montras al ni, kian
+prepozicion uzi, tiam ni povas uzi la komunan prepozicion "je." Sed
+estas bone uzadi la vorton "je" kiel eble pli malofte. Anstataux la
+vorto "je" ni povas ankaux uzi akuzativon sen prepozicio.--Mi ridas
+je lia naiveco (aux, mi ridas pro lia naiveco; aux mi ridas lian
+naivecon).--Je la lasta fojo mi vidas lin cxe vi (aux, la lastan
+fojon).--Mi veturis du tagojn kaj unu nokton.--Mi sopiras je mia perdita
+felicxo (aux, mian perditan felicxon).--El la dirita regulo sekvas, ke
+se ni pri ia verbo ne scias, cxu gxi postulas post si la akuzativon
+(t.e.=tio estas, cxu gxi estas aktiva) aux ne, ni povas cxiam uzi la
+akuzativon. Ekzemple, ni povas diri "obei al la patro" kaj "obei la
+patron" (anstataux, "obei je la patro"). Sed ni ne uzas la akuzativon
+tiam, kiam la klareco de la senco tion cxi malpermesas; ekzemple: ni
+povas diri "pardoni al la malamiko" kaj "pardoni la malamikon," sed ni
+devas diri cxiam "pardoni al la malamiko lian kulpon."
+
+
+ LESSON 41.
+
+ Suffixes -ajx-, -ec-.
+
+"-ajx-" denotes a "thing" (i.) "made from" or "of" the substance named,
+or (ii.) having the "quality" or "character" named, or (iii.) "resulting
+from" the action expressed by the word to which it is added, as "Ovo",
+an egg, "ovajxo", something made of eggs, an omelette; "Mirinda",
+wonderful, "mirindajxo", a wonderful thing, a wonder; "Trovi", to find,
+"trovajxo" (or, "trovitajxo"), a thing found.
+
+
+"-ec-" denotes "quality"; it forms the name of a quality; as, "Bona",
+good; "boneco", goodness. "Ricxa", rich; "ricxeco", richness. "Akurata",
+accurate, prompt; "akurateco", accuracy. "Mola", soft; "molajxo", a soft
+thing; "moleco", softness. "Amiko", a friend; "amikajxo", a friendly
+act; "amikeco", friendliness, friendship. "Eco", quality.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ kuko : cake. lago : lake.
+ ligno : wood (substance). objekto : object, thing.
+ alkoholo : alcohol. tren- : drag.
+ araneo : spider. fotograf- : photograph.
+ ceremonio : ceremony. konfit- : preserve with sugar.
+ heroo : hero. pak- : pack.
+ frandajxo : a dainty. la ceteraj : the rest, remainder.
+ acido : acid. mirinda : wonderful.
+ vinagro : vinegar. peza : heavy.
+ sulfuro : sulphur. oportuna : convenient.
+ azotacido : nitric acid.
+
+La fotografisto fotografis min, kaj mi sendis mian fotografajxon al mia
+patro. Vi parolas sensencajxon, mia amiko. Mi trinkis teon kun kuko kaj
+konfitajxo. Akvo estas fluidajxo. Mi ne volis trinki la vinon, cxar gxi
+enhavis en si ian malklarajxon. Sur la tablo staris diversaj sukerajxoj.
+Mi mangxis bongustan ovajxon. Kiam mi ien veturas, mi neniam prenas
+kun mi multon da pakajxo. Glaciajxo estas dolcxa glaciigita frandajxo.
+La tuta suprajxo de la lago estis kovrita per nagxantaj folioj kaj
+diversaj aliaj kreskajxoj. La lignisto vendas lignon, kaj la lignajxisto
+faras tablojn, segxojn kaj aliajn lignajn objektojn. Mi uzas nenian
+alkoholajxon. Lia maljuna patrino kondukis la mastrajxon de la domo.
+"Malbonan eksterajxon li havis," respondis la hebreo. Sxi pripensis la
+faritajxojn de la tago pasinta. Gxi estas tiel malpeza, kiel araneajxo.
+La trenajxo de la vesto estis longa. Ili sin movas, kiel vivaj estajxoj.
+
+
+Li amas tiun cxi knabinon pro sxia beleco kaj boneco. Lia heroeco tre
+placxis al mi. Mi vivas kun ili en granda amikeco. Ni estas ja en la
+proksimeco de la rivero. Tio cxi estas la plej grava eco. Kortega
+ceremonio postulas maloportunecon. La ricxeco de tiu cxi homo estas
+granda, sed lia malsagxeco estas ankoraux pli granda.
+
+En tiuj cxi boteletoj sin trovas (trovigxas) diversaj acidoj, vinagro,
+sulfuracido, azotacido kaj aliaj. La acideco de tiu cxi vinagro estas
+tre malforta. Via vino estas nur ia abomena acidajxo. Tiu cxi granda
+altajxo ne estas natura monto. La alteco de tiu monto ne, estas tre
+granda.
+
+
+ LESSON 42.
+
+ Suffixes -ej-, -uj-, -ing-.
+
+The suffix "-ej-" denotes a "place specially used" for a certain
+purpose, as "Tombo", a tomb; "tombejo", a cemetery. "Cxevalo", a horse;
+"cxevalejo", a stable. "Mallibera," captive "malliberejo", a prison.
+
+"-uj-" denotes that which "contains" or "produces", or "bears" (as
+countries, fruit-trees, receptacles, etc.), as "Anglo", an Englishman:
+"Anglujo", England. "Hispano", a Spaniard; "Hispanujo" Spain ("lando"
+is also used, as "Skotlando"). "Pomo", an apple; "pomujo", an apple
+tree ("arbo" is also used, as "pomarbo"). "Abelo", a bee; "abelujo", a
+beehive. "Sukerujo", a sugar-basin; "Ujo", a receptacle.
+
+"-ing-" signifies a "holder, case", or "sheath" for one thing, as
+"Fingro", a finger; "fingringo", a thimble. "Piedo", a foot; "piedingo",
+a stirrup. "Glavo", a sword; "glavingo", a sword-sheath. "Ingo", a
+sheath.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ skatolo : box. objekto : object, thing.
+ hufo : hoof. glavo : sword,
+ pantalono : trousers. konsil- : counsel, advise.
+ cigaro : cigar. sxvit- : sweat, perspire.
+ tubo : tube. sorb- : absorb.
+ monahxo : monk. ban- : bathe (oneself or another).
+ magazeno : magazine, warehouse.
+
+La domo, en kiu oni lernas, estas lernejo, kaj la domo, en kiu oni
+pregxas, estas pregxejo. La kuiristo sidas en la kuirejo. La kuracisto
+konsilas al mi iri en sxvitbanejon. La cxevalo metis unu hufon sur
+serpentejon. La virino promenadis tra belegaj arbaroj kaj herbejoj. Li
+venis en sian logxejon. Li haltis apud la pordego de la monahxejo.
+
+La rusoj logxas en Rusujo, kaj la germanoj en Germanujo. Mia skribilaro
+konsistas el inkujo, sablujo, kelke da plumoj, krajono, kaj inksorbilo.
+En la posxo de mia pantalono mi portas monujon, kaj en la posxo de mia
+surtuto mi portas paperujon; pli grandan paperujon mi portas sub la
+brako. Metu sur la tablon la sukerujon, la teujon, kaj la tekrucxon.
+
+Magazeno, en kiu oni vendas cigarojn, aux cxambro, en kiu oni tenas
+cigarojn, estas cigarejo; skatoleto aux alia objekto, en kiu oni tenas
+cigarojn, estas cigarujo; tubeto, en kiun oni metas cigaron, kiam oni
+gxin fumas, estas cigaringo. Skatoleto, en kiu oni tenas plumojn, estas
+plumujo, kaj bastoneto, sur kiu oni tenas plumon por skribadi, estas
+plumingo. En la kandelingo sidis brulanta kandelo.
+
+
+ LESSON 43.
+
+ Ge-, bo-, -id-, pra-, -cxj-, -nj-.
+
+The prefix "ge-" signifies "both sexes taken together", as "gepatroj",
+parents. "Gefratoj", brothers and sisters. "Geregxoj", king and queen
+(the word formed is, of course, always plural).
+
+The prefix "bo-" denotes "relationship by marriage", as "bopatro",
+father-in-law; "bofilo", son-in-law.
+
+The suffix "-id-" signifies the "offspring" or "descendant", as "Regxo"
+a king; "regxido", a king's son, a prince. "Kato", a cat; "katido", a
+kitten. "Sxafo", a sheep; "sxafido", a lamb.
+
+The prefix "pra-" means "of generations ago, great-, grand-", as,
+"avo", grandfather; "pra-avo", great-grand-father. It is also used
+for descendants, as "pra-nepo", great-grandson. "Praa", primitive or
+primeval.
+
+The suffix "-cxj-" is added to men's names and "-nj-" to women's names
+to form "pet names", part of the name being left out, as "Petro", Peter
+; "Pecxjo", Pete. "Klaro", Clara; "Klanjo", Clarrie. "Pacxjo" (from
+"patro"), papa; "panjo", mamma.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ altaro : altar. gratul- : congratulate.
+ parenco : relation. deven- : originate, descend from.
+ doktoro : doctor (law, etc.). adres- : address (a letter).
+ stato : state, condition. telegraf- : telegraph.
+ koko : cock.
+
+Patro kaj patrino kune estas nomataj gepatroj. Petro, Anno, kaj
+Elizabeto estas miaj gefratoj. Gesinjoroj N. hodiaux vespere venos al
+ni. La gefiancxoj staris apud la altaro. Mi gratulis telegrafe la junajn
+geedzojn. La geregxoj forveturis Kordovon. Sxi edzinigxis kun sia kuzo,
+kvankam sxiaj gepatroj volis sxin edzinigi kun alia persono.
+
+La patro de mia edzino estas mia bopatro, mi estas lia bofilo, kaj mia
+patro estas la bopatro de mia edzino. Cxiuj parencoj de mia edzino estas
+miaj boparencoj, sekve sxia frato estas mia bofrato, sxia fratino estas
+mia bofratino; mia frato kaj fratino (gefratoj) estas la bogefratoj de
+mia edzino. La edzino de mia nevo, kaj la nevino de mia edzino estas
+miaj bonevinoj. Virino, kiu kuracas, estas kuracistino; edzino de
+kuracisto estas kuracistedzino. La doktoredzino A. vizitis hodiaux la
+gedoktorojn P. Li ne estas lavisto, li estas lavistinedzo.
+
+La filoj, nepoj kaj pranepoj de regxo estas regxidoj. La hebreoj estas
+Izraelidoj, cxar ili devenas de Izraelo. Cxevalido estas nematura
+cxevalo, kokido nematura koko, bovido nematura bovo, birdido nematura
+birdo. Tiu bela tero trovis sin en tre praa stato.
+
+Johanon, Nikolaon, Erneston, Vilhelmon, Marion, Klaron kaj Sofion iliaj
+gepatroj nomas Johancxjo (aux Jocxjo), Nikolcxjo (aux Nikocxjo, aux
+Nicxjo), Ernecxjo (aux Ercxjo), Vilhelcxjo (aux Vilhecxjo, aux Vilcxjo,
+aux Vicxjo), Manjo (aux Marinjo), Klanjo kaj Sonjo (aux Sofinjo).
+
+
+ LESSON 44.
+
+ Suffixes -ebl-, -ind-, -em-.
+
+These three suffixes are used to form adjectives.
+
+"-ebl-" means "possible to be" what the word to which it is added
+signifies, as "Vidi", to see; "videbla", able to be seen; "Auxdi", to
+hear; "auxdebla", able to be heard, audible; "Movi", to move; "movebla",
+movable; "Ebla", possible; "eble", possibly.
+
+"-ind-" means "worthy of" what the word denotes, as "Honoro", honour;
+"honorinda", honourable, worthy of honour; "Honti", to be ashamed;
+"hontinda", shameful; "Indo", worth; "inda", worthy of.
+
+"-em-" means having an "inclination towards" or "propensity" for, or
+"being disposed towards" something as "Forgesi", to forget; "forgesema",
+forgetful; "Servi" to serve; "servema", willing to serve, obliging.
+"Ema" fond of.
+
+The difference between the three suffixes is shown by the following
+words:--
+
+"Kredebla", possible of belief; "kredinda", worthy of belief; "kredema",
+having a tendency to believe readily, credulous.
+
+"Legebla", able to be read; "leginda", worthy of being read; "legema",
+fond of reading, inclined to read.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ sxtalo : steel. memor- : remember.
+ spirito : spirit, ekscit- : excite.
+ bagatelo : trifle. vengx- : revenge.
+ fleks- : bend. kredeble : probably.
+ lauxd- : praise. kompreneble : of course.
+ renvers- : turn over.
+
+Sxtalo estas fleksebla, sed fero ne estas fleksebla. Ne cxiu kreskajxo
+estas mangxebla. Vitro estas rompebla kaj travidebla. Via parolo
+estas tute nekomprenebla, kaj viaj leteroj estas cxiam skribitaj tute
+nelegeble. La mallumo estas netrapenetrebla. Li rakontis al mi historion
+tute nekredeblan. Eble mi povos helpi al vi. Cxu vi amas vian patron?
+Kia demando! kompreneble, ke mi lin amas. Mi kredeble ne povos veni al
+vi hodiaux, cxar mi pensas, ke mi mem havos hodiaux gastojn. La tablo
+staras malrekte kaj kredeble baldaux renversigxos. Li faris sian eblon.
+
+Li estas homo ne kredinda. Via ago estas tre lauxdinda. Tiu cxi grava
+tago restos por mi cxiam memorinda. Gxi estas vesto de granda indo. Gxi
+ne estas inda je danko. La sxipanaro montrigxas ne inda je sia estro.
+
+Lia edzino estas tre laborema kaj sxparema, sed sxi estas ankaux tre
+babilema kaj kriema. Li estas tre ekkolerema, kaj ekscitigxas ofte
+cxe la plej malgranda bagatelo, tamen li estas tre pardonema, li ne
+portas longe la koleron, kaj li tute ne estas vengxema. Li estas tre
+kredema, ecx la plej nekredeblajn aferojn, kiujn rakontas al li la plej
+nekredindaj homoj, li tuj kredas. Li estas tre purema, kaj ecx unu
+polveron vi ne trovos sur lia vesto. Li estas bonega knabo, sed tre ema
+kredi spiritojn.
+
+
+ LESSON 45.
+
+ Dis-, -um-.
+
+The prefix "dis-" denotes separation or scattering, as "Jxeti", to
+throw; "disjxeti", to scatter. "Sxiri", to tear; "dissxiri", to tear
+into bits. "Doni", to give; "disdoni", to distribute.
+
+The suffix "-um-" has no definite meaning. It is used in only a few
+words, of which the most important are:--
+
+ aerumi (from "aero", air), to expose to the air.
+ ventumi ( " "vento", wind), to fan.
+ kolumo ( " "kolo", neck), collar.
+ manumo ( " "mano", hand), cuff.
+ butonumi ( " "butono", button), to button.
+ gustumi ( " "gusto", taste), to taste (something).
+ komunumo ( " "komuna", common), a community.
+ krucumi ( " "kruco", cross), crucify.
+ malvarmumi ( " "malvarma", cold), take cold.
+ mastrumi ( " "mastro", master), keep house.
+ plenumi ( " "plena", full), fulfil.
+ brulumo ( " "bruli", burn), inflammation.
+ kalkanumo ( " "kalkano", heel), heel of boot.
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ rezultato : result. sxir- : tear.
+ angulo : angle, corner. kvankam : although.
+ tolo : linen. simila : similar.
+ cxemizo : shirt. grava : important.
+ ating- : attain, reach to.
+
+Ni cxiuj kunvenis por priparoli tre gravan aferon; sed ni ne povis
+atingi ian rezultaton, kaj ni disiris. Malfelicxo ofte kunigas la
+homojn, kaj felicxo ofte disigas ilin. Mi dissxiris la leteron, kaj
+disjxetis gxiajn pecetojn en cxiujn angulojn de la cxambro. Post tio cxi
+oni disiris hejmen. La vojo disiris en kelkaj direktoj.
+
+Mi volonte plenumis lian deziron. En malbona vetero oni povas facile
+malvarmumi. Li disbutonumis la superveston. Sxi ludis kun sia ventumilo.
+Cxemizojn, kolumojn, manumojn, kaj ceterajn similajn objektojn oni nomas
+tolajxo, kvankam ili ne cxiam estas faritaj el tolo.
+
+The suffixes "-on-, -obi-, -op-," have already been explained in Lesson
+9.
+
+ -Acx-
+
+A new suffix "-acx-" has gradually come into use during the past few
+years. Its meaning is well shown in the following examples:--"Domo",
+house; "domacxo", hovel. "Virino", woman; "virinacxo", hag. "Ridi", to
+laugh; "ridacxi", to grin (maliciously). "Cxevalo", horse; "cxevalacxo",
+a sorry nag, a screw. "Obstina", persistent, stubborn; "obstinacxa",
+pig-headed. "Popolo", a people; "popolacxo", populace. "Morti", to die;
+"mortacxi", to die the death. "Lingvo", language; "lingvacxo", a jargon.
+
+This suffix should only be used sparingly.
+
+
+ JOINING WORDS. CONJUNCTIONS.
+
+Certain words are used merely to join words or sentences. Those already
+learned are:--
+
+ kaj : and. cxu : whether.
+ sed : but. ke : that.
+ cxar : because, for. kvazaux : as if.
+ ankaux : also. kvankam : although.
+ ol : than. almenaux : at least.
+ se : if. tamen : however.
+ aux : or. do : then, therefore.
+
+The following are also useful:--
+
+ kaj ... kaj : both ... and. nek ... nek : neither ... nor.
+ aux ... aux : either ... or. ecx se : even if.
+ cxu ... aux : whether ... or. same kiel : the same as.
+ cxu ... cxu : whether ... whether.
+
+ EXCLAMATIONS. INTERJECTIONS.
+
+The following are simply exclamations of joy grief, surprise, etc.:--
+
+ ah! : aha! ah! kia! : what!
+ ha! : ah! bone! : good! all right!
+ he! : halloo! hey! brave! : bravo!
+ hm! : hm! humph! hura! : hurrah!
+ ho! : oh! vere! : truly!
+ oho! : ho! efektive! : really!
+ ho ve! : alas! adiaux! : goodbye!
+ for! : away! bonvenu! : welcome!
+ fi! : for shame! kompreneble! : of course!
+ nu! : well (now)! vivu! : long live!
+ nu do! : well (now) then! antauxen! : forward!
+ ja! : indeed! cxu vere? : is it true?
+ jen! : there! look! behold! cxu ne? : is it not?
+ bis! : again! encore!
+
+ COMPOUND WORDS.
+
+It is often convenient to form compound words, as "posxtkarto",
+"forpeli", "cxiuminute", "stacidomo", "senmove", "telertuketo". When
+this is done, the word expressing the principal idea is placed last.
+
+Generally it is sufficient to use the "root" of the qualifying word, but
+if the sound or sense requires it, the whole word is taken, as "unutaga"
+means "of one day"; "unuataga", "of the first day."
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS IN THE SENTENCE.
+
+In English the sense often depends entirely on the order of the words,
+e.g., the sentence "John saw George" would mean something quite
+different if reversed--"George saw John." But in Esperanto, thanks to
+the accusative "n", the endings "a" and "e" for participles, and the
+pronoun "si", the order of words may be varied without altering the
+sense. "Georgon vidis Johano" means exactly the same as "Johano vidis
+Georgon."
+
+But though the meaning can in most cases be understood whatever the
+order of the words, it is best to adopt the simplest arrangement, and
+to follow the natural course of thought, which is, first, that about
+which we think, then that which we think about it. English students may
+frame their sentences exactly as they would in their own language. In
+Esperanto, as in English, the arrangement is sometimes altered, either
+for emphasis, as "Lauxdata estu Dio!" Praised be God!; or to please the
+ear, as "Oni min admiras", instead of "Oni admiras min", People admire
+me.
+
+"Note".--Care must be taken in placing the word "ne." Its usual place is
+before the verb, when it negatives the whole sentence. Study the effect
+of placing "ne" in different positions in the sentence "Mi deziras vidi
+Johanon kaj lian fraton", I wish to see John and his brother:--
+
+(i.). "Mi ne deziras vidi Johanon kaj lian fraton", I do not wish to see
+John and his brother.
+
+(ii.). "Mi deziras ne vidi Johanon kaj lian fraton", I wish not to see
+John and his brother, "i.e.", I wish to avoid seeing them.
+
+(iii.). "Mi deziras vidi ne Johanon, sed lian fraton", I wish to see not
+John, but his brother.
+
+(iv.). "Mi deziras vidi Johanon kaj ne lian fraton", I wish to see John
+and not his brother.
+
+"Ne tute" means "not quite," while "tute ne" means "not at all."
+
+"Jam ne" means "no longer." "Not yet" is "ankoraux ne".
+
+Words which are already international, such as "microscope, telephone,
+automobile", etc., are adopted unchanged, except as to the spelling and
+termination, as "mikroskopo, telefono, auxtomobilo."
+
+ WORDS USED WITH THE OBJECT.
+
+As already said, when an adjective or participle (or a noun) is added to
+the object simply as a describing word, it takes "n" like the object, as
+"Li perdis sian novan libron "("aux", sian libron novan), He lost his
+new book. "Sxi trankviligis la kriegantan infanon "(aux, "la infanon
+kriegantan"), She pacified the screaming child. "Li vizitis sian fraton
+Johanon", He visited his brother John. ("John" shows "which" brother).
+
+But if the adjective, participle, or noun is used not merely to
+describe, but indirectly to tell something about the object, it does
+not take "n". A comparison of the following sentences will make this
+clear:--
+
+1. Li trovis la pomojn maturajn. He found the ripe apples.
+ Li trovis la pomojn maturaj. He found (that) the apples (were) ripe.
+
+2. Li trovis la krucxon rompitan. He found the broken jug.
+ Li trovis la krucxon rompita. He found (that) the jug (was) broken.
+
+3. Li kolorigis la drapon rugxan. He dyed the red cloth.
+ Li kolorigis la drapon rugxa. He dyed the cloth red.
+
+4. Li trancxis (aux faris) la veston tro mallongan.
+ He cut (or made) the too-short coat (the coat that was too short).
+ Li trancxis la veston tro mallonga.
+ He cut the coat (so that it was) too short.
+
+5. Li nomis la knabon mensogisto. He called the boy a liar.
+
+Compare this use of words with the following:--
+
+He made his father angry (or, be angered). "Li kolerigis sian patron",
+or, "li igis sian patron kolera".
+
+The loss drove him mad. "La perdo frenezigis lin", or, "igis lin
+freneza".
+
+It rendered the gun useless. "Gxi senutiligis la pafilon", or, "igis la
+pafilon senutila".
+
+
+ COMPLETE GRAMMAR OF ESPERANTO.
+ By Dr. Zamenhof.
+
+ A.--Alphabet.
+
+Aa, Bb, Cc, Cxcx, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Gxgx, Hh, Hxhx, Ii, Jj, Jxjx, Kk, Ll,
+Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Sxsx, Tt, Uu, Uxux, Vv, Zz [Footnote: Names of
+the letters: a, bo, co, cxo, do, e, fo, go, gxo, ho, hxo, i, jo, jxo,
+ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, sxo, to, u, uxo, vo, zo.]
+
+Remark.--Presses which do not possess the accented letters can use
+instead of them ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, u.
+
+ B.--Rules.
+
+(1) There is no indefinite ARTICLE; there is only a definite article
+("la"), alike for all sexes, cases, and numbers.
+
+Remark.--The use of the article is the same as in the other languages.
+People who find a difficulty in the use of the article need not at first
+use it at all.
+
+(2) SUBSTANTIVES have the termination "o". To form the plural the
+termination "j" is added. There are only two cases: nominative and
+accusative; the latter is obtained from the nominative by the addition
+of the termination "n". Other cases are expressed by the aid of
+prepositions (the genitive by "de", the dative by "al", the ablative by
+"per", or other prepositions according to sense).
+
+(3) The ADJECTIVE ends in "a". Case and number as with the substantive.
+The Comparative is made by means of the word "pli", the Superlative by
+"plej"; with the Comparative the conjunction "ol" is used.
+
+(4) The fundamental NUMERALS (they are not declined) are: "unu, du,
+tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naux, dek, cent, mil." The tens and
+hundreds are formed by simple junction of the numerals. To mark the
+ordinal numerals the termination of the adjective is added; for
+the multiple--the suffix "obl", for the fractional--"on", for the
+collective--"op", for the distributive--the word "po". Substantival
+and adverbial numerals can also be used.
+
+(5) Personal PRONOUNS: "mi, vi, li, sxi, gxi" (referring to thing or
+animal), "si, ni, vi, ili, oni"; the possessive pronouns are formed by
+the addition of the adjectival termination. Declension is as with the
+substantives.
+
+(6) The VERB undergoes no change with regard to person or number. Forms
+of the verb; time "being" (Present) takes the termination "-as;" time
+"been" (Past) "-is"; time "about to be" (Future) "-os"; the Conditional
+mood "-us;" the Ordering mood "-u;" the Indefinite "-i." Participles
+(with an adjectival or adverbial sense): active present "-ant;" active
+past "-int;" active future "-ont;" passive present "-at;" passive past
+"-it;" passive future "-ot." All forms of the passive are formed by the
+aid of a corresponding form of the verb "esti" and a passive participle
+of the required verb; the preposition with the passive is "de."
+
+(7) ADVERBS end in "e;" degrees of comparison as with the adjectives.
+
+(8) ALL the PREPOSITIONS require the nominative.
+
+(9) EVERY word is read as it is written.
+
+(10) The ACCENT is ALWAYS on the penultimate syllable.
+
+(11) COMPOUND WORDS are formed by simple junction of the words (the
+chief word stands at the end); the grammatical terminations are also
+regarded as independent words.
+
+(12) When another NEGATIVE word is present the word "ne" is left out.
+
+(13) In order to show DIRECTION words take the termination of the
+accusative.
+
+(14) Each PREPOSITION has a definite and constant meaning; but if we
+have to use some preposition and the direct sense does not indicate to
+us what special preposition we are to take, then we use the preposition
+"je" which has no meaning of its own. Instead of the preposition "je" we
+can also use the accusative without a preposition.
+
+(15) The so-called FOREIGN WORDS, that is, those which the majority of
+languages have taken from one source, are used in the Esperanto language
+without change, merely obtaining the spelling of the latter; but with
+different words from one root it is better to use unchanged only the
+fundamental word and to form the rest from this latter in accordance
+with the rules of the Esperanto language.
+
+(16) The FINAL VOWEL of the substantive and of the article can be
+dropped and replaced by an apostrophe.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ COMMON USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.
+
+ tio estas, i.e. that is.
+ kaj cetere, k.c. etcetera.
+ kaj tiel plu, k.t.p. and so on.
+ kiel ekzemple, k.ekz. as for example.
+ kiel elbe plej (baldaux) as (soon) as possible.
+ kio ajn okazos whatever happens (shall happen).
+ kondicxe, ke on the condition that.
+ kun la kondicxo, ke on the condition that.
+
+ Bonan tagon, sinjoro. Good day, sir.
+ Kiel vi fartas? How do you do?
+ Tre bone, mi dankas. Very well, I thank you.
+ Mi dankas vin. I thank you.
+ Dankon. Thanks.
+ Multe da dankoj. Many thanks.
+ Vi estas tre gxentila (afabla). You are very kind.
+ Vi estas tre kompleza. You are very obliging.
+ Mi malsatas. I am hungry.
+ Mi soifas. I am thirsty.
+ Al mi estas varme (malvarme). I am warm (cold).
+ Kiu estas tie? Estas mi. Who is there? It is I.
+ Sidigxu, mi petas. Be seated, I beg (you).
+ Kun plezuro. With pleasure.
+ Kion vi bezonas? What do you want?
+ Cu vi min komprenas? Do you understand me?
+ Vi estas prava (malprava). You are right (wrong).
+ Tio estas vera. That is true.
+ Estas vera, ke... It is true that...
+ Je kioma horo vi foriros? At what time are you going?
+ Kioma horo estas? What time is it?
+ Kiom kostas tio cxi? How much does this cost?
+ Gxi kostas tri sxilingojn. It costs three shillings.
+ Kie vi estas? Where are you?
+ Kien vi iras? Where are you going?
+ Kian agxon li havas? How old is he?
+ Antaux unu semajno. A week ago.
+ Post du tagoj. In two days.
+ Li venos jxauxdon. He will come on Thursday.
+ Pasigu al mi la panon, Pass me the bread,
+ mi petas vin. I beg you (please).
+ Estas li mem! It is himself!
+ Tiom pli bone So much the better!
+ Oni diras, ke... They say, that...
+ Neniu tion diras. Nobody says that.
+ Kio okazis? What has happened?
+ Cxu vi konas Sinjoron A.? Do you know Mr. A.?
+ Mi scias, kiu li estas, I know who he is,
+ sed mi ne konas lin. but I do not know him.
+ Cxu estas leteroj por mi? Are there letters for me?
+ Rapidu. Be quick.
+ Ne diru tion. Do not say that.
+ Ne faru tion. Do not do that.
+ Kia estas la vetero? What kind of weather is it?
+ Kian veteron ni havas? What kind of weather is it?
+ Pluvas; negxas. It rains; it snows.
+ Pluvis la tutan nokton. It rained all night long.
+ Estas beld, varmege. It is fine, hot.
+ Cxu mi tion faru? Shall I do that?
+
+
+ LETTERS.
+
+ (a). Beginnings.
+
+ Kara : dear. Patro, amiko, etc. :
+ Mia kara : my dear. father, friend, etc.
+ Estimata : esteemed. Samideano : fellow-thinker.
+ Estiminda : estimable. Kunlaboranto : fellow-worker.
+ Respektinda :respect-worthy. Sinjoro : Sir.
+ Honorinda honourable. Sinjoroj : Gentlemen, Sirs.
+ Sinjorino : Madame, Mrs.
+ Frauxlino : Miss.
+
+
+ (b). Endings.
+
+ Kun (koraj, amikaj) salutoj, With (hearty, friendly) greetings.
+ Kun (alta, granda) estimo, With (high, great) esteem.
+ Kun (miaj, cxiuj) bondeziroj, With (my, all) good wishes.
+ Kun (multe da) amo, With (much) love.
+ Via, La via, Yours.
+ Via, (tre) vin amanta, Your (very) loving.
+ Via, tre sincere, fidele, Yours very sincerely, faithfully.
+ Cxiam via, Yours always.
+ Tre sincere via, Very sincerely yours.
+
+
+ KEY TO EXERCISES.
+
+ 1.
+
+A father and a brother. A lion is an animal. A rose is a flower and a
+pigeon is a bird. The rose belongs to Theodore. The sun shines. The
+father is a tailor. Where are the book and the pencil? Here is an apple.
+On the ground lies a stone. On the window lie a pencil and a pen. The
+son stands by the father. Here lies the hat of the father (the father's
+hat). The father is in the room. Before the house is (stands) a tree.
+
+What is a lion? What is a rose? What shines? What is the father? Where
+is the father? What is on the window? Where is the pen?
+
+Is a lion an animal? Yes, a lion is an animal. Is a rose a bird? No, a
+rose is not a bird, a rose is a flower.
+
+ 2.
+
+The father is well. A child is not a mature man. The sky is blue. A lion
+is strong. The father is good. The hand of John (John's hand) is clean.
+("Some", or, "a") paper is white. White paper lies on the table. Here is
+the young lady's exercise book. In the sky stands (is) the beautiful
+sun. The paper is very white, but the snow is more white (whiter). Milk
+is more nutritious than wine. The bread is fresh. The uncle is richer
+than the brother. Here lies (is) a red rose. The dog is very faithful.
+The book is new.
+
+ 3.
+
+(The) birds fly. The song of (the) birds is pleasant. Where are the
+boys? The fathers are well. Children are not mature men. Lions are
+strong. John's hands are clean. Here are the young ladies' exercise
+books. The uncles are richer than the brothers. The dogs are very
+faithful. White papers lie on the table. In the room are new hats. Where
+are the sharp knives? Good children are diligent. Here lie (are) pure
+white delicate lilies. The teeth of lions (lions' teeth) are sharp.
+
+
+ 4.
+
+I read. You write. He is a boy, and she is a girl. We are men. You are
+children. They are Russians. Where are the boys? They are in the garden.
+Where are the girls? They also are in the garden. Where are the knives ?
+They are (lie) on the table. The child cries, because it wants to eat.
+Sir, you are impolite. Gentlemen, you are impolite. Tkey say that (the)
+truth always conquers. The house belongs to him. I come from (the)
+grandfather, and I go now to (the) uncle. I am as strong as you. Now I
+read, you read, and he reads, we all read. You write and the children
+write, they (you) all sit silent and write.
+
+My dog, you are very faithful. He is my uncle, for my father is his
+brother. Of all my children, Ernest is the youngest. His father and his
+brothers are in the garden. Her uncle is in the house. Where are your
+books ? Our books are (lie) on the table; their pencils and their paper
+also are (lie) on the table.
+
+Who is in the room ? Who are in the room ? The gentle- man who is
+reading is my friend. The gentleman to whom you are writing is a tailor.
+What is lying on the table ?
+
+ 5.
+
+I see a lion (lions). I read (am reading) a book (books). I love (the)
+father. I know John. (The) father is not reading a book, but he is
+writing a letter. I do not like obstinate people. I wish you good-day,
+sir. Good morning! A joyous festival (a pleasant holiday) (I wish you).
+What a joyful festival (it is to-day) ! In the day we see the bright
+sun, and at night we see the pale moon and the beautiful stars. We have
+newer bread than you. No, you are wrong, sir, your bread is less new
+(staler) than mine. We call the boy, and he comes. In (the) winter they
+heat the stoves. When one is rich one has many friends. He loves me, but
+I do not love him. Mr. P. and his wife love my children very much; I
+also love theirs very much. I do not know the gentleman who is reading.
+
+ 6.
+
+Why do you not answer me? Are you deaf or dumb? What are you doing?
+
+The boy drove away the birds. From (the) father I received a book, and
+from (the) brother I received a pen. (The) father gave me a sweet apple.
+Here is the apple which I found. Yesterday I met your son, and he
+politely greeted me. Three days ago (before three days) I visited your
+cousin, and my visit gave (made) to him pleasure. When I came to him he
+was sleeping, but I woke him.
+
+
+I will relate to you a story. Will you tell me the truth? To day is
+Saturday, and to-morrow will be Sunday. Yesterday was Friday, and the
+day after to-morrow will be Monday. [Footnote: Notice that in these two
+sentences "ankoraux" and "iam" express different meanings of the English
+word "yet."] Have you yet found your watch? I have not yet looked for
+it; when I have finished (shall finish) my work I will look for my
+watch, but I fear that I shall not find it again. If you (shall) conquer
+us, the people will say that only women you conquered. When you (shall)
+attain the age of fifteen years you will receive the permission.
+
+ 7.
+
+I love myself, you love yourself, he loves himself, and every man loves
+himself. I take care of her (so) as I take care of myself, but she takes
+no care at all of herself, and does not look after herself at all. My
+brothers had guests to-day; after supper our brothers went with the
+guests out of their (our brothers') house and accompanied them as far as
+their (the guests') house. I washed myself in my room, and she washed
+herself in her room. The child was looking for its doll; I showed the
+child where its doll lay. She related to him her adventure. She returned
+to her father's palace. Her flowers she tended not. My brother said to
+Stephen, that he loved him more than himself.
+
+ 8.
+
+Two men can do more than one. I have only one mouth, but I have two
+ears. He walks out with three dogs. He did everything with the ten
+fingers of his hands. Of her many children some are good and others bad.
+Five and seven make twelve. Ten and ten make twenty. Four and eighteen
+make twenty-two. Thirty and forty-five make seventy-five. One thousand
+eight hundred and ninety-three. He has eleven children. Sixty minutes
+make one hour, and one minute consists of sixty seconds.
+
+ 8a.
+
+January is the first month of the year, April is the fourth, November is
+the eleventh, and December is the twelfth. The twentieth day of February
+is the fifty-first day of the year. The seventh day of the week God
+chose to be (that it should be) more holy than the six first days. What
+did God create on the sixth day? What (which) date is it (have we)
+to-day? To-day is the twenty-seventh (day) of March. Christmas Day is
+the 25th of December, New Year's Day is the 1st of January, One does not
+easily forget one's first love.
+
+
+ 9.
+
+I have a hundred apples. I have a hundred (of) apples. This town has a
+million of inhabitants. I bought a dozen (of) spoons, and two dozen (of)
+forks. One thousand years (or, a thousand of years) make a millennium.
+
+Firstly, I return to you the money which you lent to me; secondly, I
+thank you for the loan; thirdly, I beg you also afterwards (on a future
+occasion) to lend to me when I (shall) require money.
+
+ 9a.
+
+Three is half of six, eight is four-fifths of ten. Four metres of this
+stuff cost nine francs, therefore two metres cost four and a-half
+francs. One day is a three hundred and sixty-fifth or a three hundred
+and sixty-sixth of a year.
+
+Five times seven are thirty-five. For each day I receive five francs,
+but for to-day I have received double pay, that is, ten francs.
+
+These two friends walk out always (two) together. Five together they
+threw themselves upon me, but I overcame all five assailants.
+
+ 10.
+
+Give (to) the birds water, for they want to drink. Alexander will not
+learn, and therefore I beat Alexander. Who has courage (dares) to ride
+on a lion? I was going to beat him, but he ran away from me.
+
+Do not give your hand to a lion. Relate (tell) to my young friend a
+beautiful story. Tell father that I am diligent. Tell me your name. Do
+not write to me such long letters. Show me your new coat. Child, do not
+touch the looking-glass. Dear children, always be honest. Do not listen
+to him.
+
+He says that I am attentive. He begs me to be attentive. Tell him not to
+chatter. Ask him to send me a candle. The cottage is worth your buying
+(worthy that you should buy it). She strongly desired that he (should)
+remain alive.
+
+Let him come, and I will forgive him. Let us be gay, let us use life
+well, for life is not long. Let him not come alone, but come with his
+best friend. I already have my hat; now look for yours.
+
+
+ 11.
+
+If the pupil knew his lesson well, the teacher would not punish him. If
+you knew who he is, you would esteem him more. They raised one hand
+upwards as if they were holding something. If I really were beautiful,
+others would try to imitate me. Oh! if I were (had) already the age of
+fifteen years!
+
+ 12.
+
+To remain with a lion is dangerous. The knife cuts well, for it is
+sharp. Go more quickly. He shut the door angrily. His speech flows
+softly and pleasantly. We made the contract not in writing, but by word
+of mouth. An honest man acts honestly. The pastor who died a short time
+ago lived long in our city. Did you not get it back? He is sick unto
+death. The iron rod which was in the stove (fire) is burning; hot. Paris
+is very gay. Early in the morning she drove to the station.
+
+Forgive me that I stayed so long. His anger lasted long. He is to-day in
+an angry temper. The king soon sent again another good-hearted official.
+This evening we shall have a ball. Where are you? Away from here! (Get
+away!).
+
+Where did he drive away to? She ran home. We went forward like furies.
+Everything was right (good), and we went on further. The lady glanced
+back. The sailors demanded to go back (required that one should go
+back). I hung it here, for it saved my life. I never sent here.
+
+ 13.
+
+My brother is not big, but he is not little, he is of medium growth. A
+hair is very thin. The night is so dark that we can see nothing even
+before our nose. This stale bread is hard as stone. Naughty children
+love to torment animals. He felt (himself) so miserable that he cursed
+the day on which he was born. We greatly despise this base man. The
+window was long unclosed; I closed it, but my brother immediately opened
+it again. A straight road is shorter than a curved. Do not be
+ungrateful.
+
+The wife of my father is my mother, and the grandmother of my children.
+My sister is a very beautiful girl. My aunt is a very good woman. I saw
+your grandmother with her four granddaughters, and with my niece. I have
+an ox and a cow. The young widow became again a fiancee.
+
+ 14.
+
+He gave me money, but I immediately returned it to him. I am going away,
+but wait for me, for I shall soon return. The sun is reflected in the
+clear water of the river. He returned to his country. She threw herself
+again upon the seat.
+
+
+In the course of a few minutes I heard two shots. The firing continued
+for a very long time. His speech of yesterday was very fine, but too
+much speaking tires him. He is singing a very beautiful song. Singing is
+an agreeable occupation. With my hand I kept on briskly rubbing him. The
+rain kept on falling in rivers. Every minute she kept looking out
+through the window and cursing the slow motion of the train.
+
+I leap very cleverly. I started with surprise. I used to jump all day
+long from place to place. When you began to speak I expected to hear
+something new. The diamond has a beautiful sparkle. She let the diamond
+flash. Two flashes of lightning passed across the dark sky.
+
+ 15.
+
+I am (being) loved. I was (being) loved. I shall be (being) loved. I
+should be (being) loved, Be (being) loved. To be (being) loved. You have
+been washed. You had been washed. You will have been washed. You would
+have been washed. Be (having been) washed. To have been washed. He is to
+be invited. He was (going) to be invited. He will be (about to be)
+invited. He would be (about to be) invited. Be about to be invited. To
+be about to be invited. This commodity is always willingly bought by me.
+The overcoat was (has been) bought by me; consequently it belongs to me.
+When your house was being built, my house had already been built a long
+time. I give notice that from now my son's debts will not be paid by me.
+Be easy; my whole debt will soon have been paid to you. My gold ring
+would not be so long (being) sought for if it had not been so cleverly
+hidden by you. According to the plan of the engineers this railway is
+going to be constructed in the space of two years; but I think that it
+will be being constructed (in construction) more than three years. When
+the prayer was (had been) finished he rose.
+
+Augustus is my best loved son. Money in hand is more important than
+(money) had. A sparrow (which has been) caught is better than an eagle
+(which is) going to be caught.
+
+
+ 16.
+
+Flowing water is purer than water standing still. The fallen man cannot
+raise himself. (The) time past will never more return; (the) time to
+come no one yet knows. Come, we await you, Saviour of the world. In the
+language Esperanto we see the future language of the whole world. The
+number of the dancers was great. It is the legend which true believers
+always repeat. He led the traveller to the place where the thieves were
+resting. (To) a man who has sinned unintentionally God easily pardons.
+The soldiers led the prisoners (arrested) through the streets. A man
+whom one has to judge is one to be judged (prisoner at the bar).
+
+ 16a.
+
+Now he teils me the truth. Yesterday he told me the truth. He always
+told me the truth. When you saw us in the drawing-room he had already
+(previously) told me the truth. He will tell me the truth. When you
+(shall) come to me, he will previously tell me the truth (or, he will
+have told me the truth; or, before you (will) come to me, he will tell
+me the truth). If I were to ask him, he would tell me the truth. I
+should not have made the mistake if he had previously told me the truth.
+When I (shall) come, tell me the truth. When my father (shall) come,
+tell me beforehand the truth. I wish to tell you the truth. I wish that
+that which I said should be true (or, I wish to have told the truth).
+
+ 17.
+
+Walking in the street, I fell. Having found an apple, I ate it. He came
+to me quite unexpected. He went meditating (deeply) and very slowly. We
+were ashamed, having received instruction from the boy. The imperial
+servant went out, taking with him the bracelet. Profoundly saluting, he
+related that the thief had been caught. Without saying a word, the
+duchess opened her jewel-case. Having worked a year, and having saved a
+few dollars, I married (with) my Mary. Having crossed the river, he
+found the thief. Looking (having looked) by chance on the floor, she saw
+some book, forgotten probably by a departed traveller.
+
+
+ 18.
+
+The bootmaker makes boots and shoes. Nobody lets thieves into his house.
+The brave sailor was drowned in the sea. An author writes books, and a
+writer simply copies papers. We have various servants - a cook, a
+housemaid, a nurse, and a coachman. (He) who occupies himself with
+mechanics is a mechanic, and (he) who occupies himself with chemistry is
+a chemist. A diplomatist we can also call a diplomat, but a physicist we
+cannot call a "physic," for "physics" is the name of the science itself.
+One day there came two cheats, who said that they were (are) weavers.
+
+ 19.
+
+They so hindered me that I spoiled the whole of my work. Send away your
+brother, for he hinders us. Fetch the doctor, for I am ill. He procured
+for himself many books from Berlin.
+
+He grew pale with fear, and afterwards he blushed from shame. In the
+spring the ice and the snow melt. In the muddy weather my coat became
+very dirty; therefore I took a brush and cleaned the coat. My uncle did
+not die (by) a natural death, but nevertheless he did not kill himself,
+and also was killed by nobody; one day, walking near the railway lines,
+he fell under the wheels of a moving train, and was killed. I did not
+hang my cap on this little tree; but the wind blew away the cap from my
+head, and it, flying, became hung (got caught) on the branches of the
+little tree. Seat yourself (or, sit down), sir.
+
+His gloomy face made his friend laugh. The whole night they passed
+awake, and lighted more than sixteen candles. I divested the child of
+his night clothes, and stood him in the tub; afterwards I dried him. He
+made friends with evil companions. A poor Hebrew wished to become a
+Christian. The bottle fell and broke. She became his wife. Little by
+little she became quite calm.
+
+ 20.
+
+The sea is deeper there than any anchor can reach. In some (any) way.
+Without any reproach of conscience. I know in what sort of place I shall
+certainly find him. What kind of weather is it? What harm have I done to
+you? In that way he did everything. He invited him to come into such and
+such a place. Not every sort of bird sings. Beyond all doubt. No (kind
+of) man deserves such a punishment. Such books are harmful. At times he
+visits us.
+
+For some reason he could not sleep. Why do you not answer me? I did not
+understand your question, therefore I did not answer. People do not
+understand one another, and therefore they hold themselves aloof. For
+every reason that is the best.
+
+
+I once loved you. What lives must of necessity some time die. When shall
+you go away? In the moonlight night, when all were asleep, then she sat
+on the edge or the ship. Be for ever blessed! She had never seen a dog
+before.
+
+ 20a.
+
+Where are the boys? Where did you go? I am staying here. He lost his
+purse somewhere in the town, but where he lost it he does not know. I
+willingly came from there here. He begged her to tell him whence she
+came (whence she comes). For youth there are snares everywhere.
+Everywhere are flowers, and nowhere can one find more beautiful (ones).
+
+How beautiful! Am I fit for a king? So finished the happy day. They
+shone like diamonds. How are you? Somehow he misunderstood me. My wife
+thought the same as I. I cannot understand at all what you say. Very
+strange and quite incomprehensible! I, as president, elected him. I
+chose him as president.
+
+Whose glove is this? I never take that one's opinion. Suddenly she heard
+somebody's loud disagreeable voice. Everybody's idea is different. A
+good friend, without whose help he would never have seen this land.
+Somebody's loss is not always somebody's gain. Someone's loss is often
+no one's gain.
+
+ 20b.
+
+I feel that something is happening. Never did I give you anything. I
+wish to do something good for (to) you. What is this? What kind of
+ornament is this? What do I see? This is all I spoke of. I will give up
+nothing to you. Do nothing against your mother. Before all, be faithful
+to yourself. She began to feel something such as (which) she herself in
+the beginning could (can) not understand.
+
+She spoke a little angrily. The pupils of the eyes little by little
+contracted. Who is so unreasonable (senseless) that he can believe it?
+How much money have you? I have none. Give me as much water as wine.
+
+Somebody comes; who is it? Would anybody have the courage to do that?
+Everybody tried to save himself as he could. A language in which nobody
+will understand us. None of them could save the drowning person. He
+helped nobody ever (never helped anybody) even with one centime. We
+shall go all together. I know nobody in that town. This is beyond all
+human strength.
+
+ 20c.
+
+Where I am travelling from, whither and why, I can only answer: I know
+not. They begged him to delay a little (with) his departure. These nests
+are often larger than the huts of the people of that place. He departed
+with the firm resolve to leave for ever this ungrateful land. If anyone
+were to see that, he would curse Fortune. I would give a hundred pounds
+sterling if ox tongue could have for me such a good taste as for you.
+What time is it? Nearly (soon) twelve o'clock.
+
+ 21.
+
+On a hot day I like to walk in a wood. They opened the gate noisily, and
+the carriage drove into the courtyard. This is no longer simple rain,
+but a downpour. A huge dog put its forepaw on me, and from terror I did
+not know what to do. Before our army stood a great series of cannon.
+(In) that night a terrible gale blew. With delight. He longed to go away
+again.
+
+Immediately after heating the stove was hot, in an hour it was only
+warm, in two hours it was only just warm, and after three hours it was
+already quite cold. I bought for the children a little table and some
+little seats. In our country there are no mountains, but only hills. In
+summer we find coolness in thick woods. He sits near the table and
+dozes. A narrow path leads through this field to our house. On his face
+I saw a joyful smile. Before the woman appeared a pretty little dog.
+Pardon, he whispered.
+
+ 22.
+
+With (by means of) an axe we chop, with a saw we saw, with a spade we
+dig, with a needle we sew, with scissors we clip. The knife was so blunt
+that I could not cut the meat with it, and I had to use my pocket knife.
+Have you a corkscrew to uncork the bottle? I wished to lock the door,
+but I had lost the key. She combs her hair with a silver comb. In summer
+we travel by various vehicles, and in winter by a sledge. To-day it is
+beautiful frosty weather; therefore I shall take my skates and go
+skating. The steersman of the "Pinta" injured the rudder. The magnetic
+needle. The first indicator in most illnesses is the tongue. He put it
+on the plate of a pair of scales.
+
+
+ 23.
+
+The sailors must obey the captain. All the inhabitants of a state are
+citizens (subjects) of the state. Townsfolk are usually sharper than
+villagers. The Parisians are gay folk. Our town has good policemen, but
+not a sufficiently energetic chief constable. Lutherans and Calvinists
+are Christians. Germans and Frenchmen who live in Russia are Russian
+subjects, although they are not Russians. He is an awkward and simple
+provincial. The inhabitants of one state are fellow-countrymen, the
+inhabitants of one town are fellow-citizens, the professors of one
+religion are co-religionists. Those who have the same ideas are
+fellow-thinkers.
+
+The ruler of our country is a good and wise king. The governor of our
+province is strict but just. Our regimental chief (colonel) is like a
+good father to (for) his soldiers. They are as (equally) proud as a
+housewife of her house. On the engine the engine-driver sat alone. The
+emperor, accompanied by the empress, had just entered (into) his box.
+
+ 24.
+
+Our country will conquer, for our army is large and brave. On a steep
+ladder he raised himself to the roof of the house. I do not know the
+Spanish language, but by help of a Spanish-German dictionary, I
+nevertheless understood your letter a little. On these vast and grassy
+fields feed great herds of beasts, especially flocks of fine-woolled
+sheep. The train consisted almost entirely (only) of passenger coaches.
+They put before me a cover (table requisites), which consisted of a
+plate, spoon, knife, fork, a small glass for brandy, a glass for wine,
+and a serviette. On the sea was a great ship, and among the rigging
+everywhere sat sailors. His escort stood at the back of the box. Dark
+ranges of mountains bar the way.
+
+A florin, a shilling, and a penny are coins. A grain of sand fell into
+my eye. One spark is enough to explode gunpowder.
+
+
+ 25.
+
+A poor wise man dined with a miserly rich man. A fool everyone beats. He
+is a liar and a despicable man. A coward fears even his own shadow. This
+old man has become quite silly and childish. A learned man undertook an
+important scientific work. Only saints have the right to enter here. He
+only is the great, the powerful (One). It is not the legend about the
+beauty Zobeida. After an infectious disease the clothes of the patient
+are often burned. The curse of the prophet is over the head of an
+ungrateful one. After some minutes the brave man went out. All the
+saints, help!
+
+ (Lesson 26 no Exercise).
+
+ 27.
+
+She returned to her father's palace. They both went to the mayor. Did I
+not do good to you? She told him nothing. She wrote him a letter. He
+every day teaches people something which they do not know. They flew
+towards the sun. One sister promised the other to tell her what she saw,
+and what most pleased her the first day. Perhaps he will forgive you.
+She did not believe her own ears. He did not know that he had (has) to
+thank her [for] his life. She saved his life. The witch cut off the
+tongue of the mermaid.
+
+ 28.
+
+I lived with her father. It fell to (on) the bottom of the sea on the
+breaking up of the ship. By [the] light of torches. Arm in arm. There
+seized him some fear at the thought. Nothing helps; one must only
+bravely remain of his [own] opinion. She laughed at his recital. At
+every word which you (will) speak, out of your mouth will come either a
+flower or a precious stone.
+
+He stopped near the door. The serpent crawled about her feet. When he
+was with me, he stood a whole hour by the window. I lived in a tree near
+your house. She planted near the statue a rose-red willow. The wayside
+trees.
+
+
+ 29.
+
+The bird flies in the room (= it is in the room and flies [about] in
+it). The bird flies into the room (= it is outside the room, and now
+flies into it). I am travelling in Spain. I am travelling to (into)
+Spain. What to do then (is to be done) in such a case? I am in a good
+temper. He whispered to the queen in the ear. In consequence of this
+occurrence. I should prefer to stay here in peace. Her birthday was
+exactly in the middle of winter. He glanced into the child's eyes. He
+was a tall handsome man of the age of forty years. In the whole of my
+life. At the end of the year. Hand in hand. Entering (having entered)
+the carriage, she sat as if on pins. Corn is ground into flour.
+Alexander turned into dust. He divided the apple into two parts.
+
+
+ 30.
+
+Between Russia and France is Germany. They divided among them twelve
+apples. Between ten and eleven o'clock in the morning. Between the
+pillars stood marble figures. Near the wall between the windows stood a
+sofa. They talked long among themselves. In this disease an hour may
+decide between life and death. In the interval between the speeches they
+set off fireworks.
+
+I am standing outside the house, and he is inside. He is outside the
+door. Now we are out of danger. He lives outside the town. Standing
+outside, he could only see the outer side of our house. He pointed
+outside into the darkness. I left him outside. This man is better
+outwardly than within.
+
+He went out of the town. He has just returned from foreign parts. With
+extraordinary vivacity she jumped out of the carriage (of the train).
+She put a crown of white lilies on her (another's) head (hair). He made
+use of the opportunity. These nests are made wholly of earth. She was
+the bravest of all. Now you have grown up! He went out of the bedroom,
+and entered into the dining-room. The Esperanto alphabet consists of
+twenty-eight letters.
+
+ 31.
+
+I am sitting on a seat and have my feet on a little bench. He came back
+with a cat on his arm. I put my hand on the table. He fell on his knees.
+Do not go on the bridge. He threw himself in despair on a seat. He
+slapped him on the shoulder and pressed him down on to the sofa. I
+seated myself in the place of the absent stoker. Fruit-culture must
+influence for good those who are occupied with it.
+
+Over the earth is air. His thoughts rose high above the clouds. She
+received permission to rise above the surface of the sea. They could
+rise on the high mountains high above the clouds. He stands above on the
+mountain, and looks down on to the field. She sat on the water and swung
+up and down.
+
+
+From under the sofa the mouse ran under the bed, and now it runs [about]
+under the bed. She often had to dive under the water. To (under) the
+sound of music they danced on the deck. Under her gaze blossomed the
+white lilies. She sank under the water. She swam up at sunset.
+
+ 32.
+
+He is so stout that he cannot go through our narrow door. She looked up
+through the dark-blue water. Through the roseate air shone the evening
+star. The sound of the bells penetrates down to her. They glide among
+the branches. On the fireplace between two pots stands an iron kettle;
+out of the kettle, in which is boiling water, goes steam; through the
+window, which is near the door, the vapour goes into the court.
+
+The swallow flew across the river, for across (on the other side of) the
+river were other swallows. They can fly on ships across the sea. "Why
+did Hannibal go across the Alps? Because then the tunnel was not yet
+ready." It is impossible that they should have gone across the ocean.
+Everything was turned upside down.
+
+We passed by the station. At this moment the abbot passes by. In
+passing, I asked him if it were (is) yet twelve o'clock. The mill cannot
+grind with the water that is past.
+
+ 33.
+
+Before them stood a church. Before such men it is worth while to speak.
+Often in the night she stood before the window. I am guilty towards
+(before) you. An hour ago. A short time ago he woke up very hoarse. Not
+long ago the house was sold publicly. Do not go before you know that
+everything is in order. I must let them sweep out the room before we
+(shall) begin to dance. I was there the previous year. Formerly I never
+thought about wealth. It was with (to) her as the witch prophesied.
+
+He remained behind the door. Little by little. She began eagerly to read
+page after page. She looked after him with a smile. After some minutes
+the sun rose. She threw her arms backwards and forwards. We shall stay
+some weeks in Paris; afterwards we shall travel into Germany.
+
+
+ 34.
+
+During the whole day (or, the whole day) he remained alone. During (for)
+some months she did not leave her room. He slept during the whole
+concert (or, the whole concert). While the preparations lasted, he was a
+guest of the king. While he is journeying on the road to Granada, in
+Santa Fe his fate is being decided.
+
+They used to work until late at night. The plate of the scales sank to
+the ground. Its rays crept up to the dome. Lend me ten roubles until
+to-morrow. He worked on from early morning till late at night. He will
+fight to the very end. We kept going up always higher and higher to the
+fourth story. It will exist until the world shall perish.
+
+The king came about midday into the village of Reading. About morning
+the gale ended. About ten metres will be sufficient. All gathered round
+the glass globe. One can look very far round about. Great mountains of
+ice floated around. He looked around on all sides.
+
+ 35.
+
+The light of the moon. In the middle of the square stood a house. He
+might be of the age (have the age) of sixteen years. Their lifetime is
+still shorter than ours. They rose from beside the table. I thought that
+you would (will) never return from thence. The sailors took down the
+sails. He dismounted from the horse.
+
+A wine glass is a glass in which there was wine previously, or which is
+used for wine; a glass of wine is a glass full of wine. Bring me a metre
+of black cloth. ("Metro de drapo" would mean a yard-measure which was
+lying on cloth, or which is used for cloth). I bought a half-score of
+eggs. This river has a length of two hundred kilometres (has two hundred
+kilometres of length). On the seashore stood a crowd of people. Many
+birds fly in the autumn into warmer lands. On the tree were many birds.
+Some people feel happiest when they see the sufferings of their
+neighbours. In the room were (sat) only a few people. "Da" after any
+word shows that this word signifies measure.
+
+It is a beautiful piece of stuff. On the plate he put thousands of
+pieces of silver. The lights glitter like hundreds of stars. A boy
+bought a little bottle of ink. They construct little towers containing
+many little chambers. He gave them a great sum of money.
+
+
+ 36.
+
+I eat with my mouth, and smell with my nose. She trod with her foot on
+the serpent. It covered the lovely lily with white foam. The body ended
+in a fish's tail. All the walls are decorated with great paintings. By
+here, and by no other way, the thief escaped. In what way can one come
+into the land of gold? In such a way. In one word. The star Venus began
+to burn with envy.
+
+She wished to play with them, but they ran away in terror. With what
+attention she listened to these tales. The most beautiful of them was
+the young prince with the great black eyes. Hither swam the sea-maiden
+with the beautiful prince. With pleasure. With every year the number of
+members rapidly increased.
+
+The Tartar remained without a good horse and without food. Almost
+without life he was driven about by the waves. They wove with all their
+might, but without thread (threads). Without a word he obeyed. The
+leaves moved ceaselessly. He created numberless birds.
+
+ 37.
+
+He treated himself in order to regain his health. She had a great deal
+to tell. He went into the church to make his confession. In order to
+pass the time somehow. Nobody is more fit for his post than he. He used
+all his might to please his master. For me it is all one wherever I
+live. Take (the pay) for the coffee.
+
+He died of hunger. I had a very good estate, which was sold on account
+of debts. For heaven's sake, do not do this. He was convinced that on
+his own account he need not fear. On this account Venus gives more light
+than many other stars. Whether for that, or for some other reason, I
+know not.
+
+ 38.
+
+She wished to believe that the Hebrew spoke of someone else. Now the
+woman has everything, she can ask for nothing. Do not think about this.
+One cannot truly say that about you. There were still many things about
+which they wished to know. He could not even dream about her. She used
+to ask the old grandmother about that.
+
+I remain here by order of my chief. He began to go along this river.
+They had permission to go up always according to their (own) will. She
+could dig and plant as she pleased (according to her liking). The shells
+closed and opened according to the flow of the water. From his outward
+appearance he seemed a respectable man. At the command "three" you will
+shoot at the tree. The younger daughter was the very picture of her
+father in her goodness and honesty.
+
+
+ 39.
+
+You have remedies against all diseases. What can he alone do against a
+hundred men? Contrary to his custom, the professor said nothing. It flew
+against the reflector. Against her own will she confessed this. He began
+to feel a certain disgust against himself. The opposite side. They sat
+down one opposite the other. She was unjust towards him. Contrary to
+usual, the number of dancers was great.
+
+Instead of him his brother was sent. Instead of going out he remained in
+the house. An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. Instead of coffee
+he gave me tea with sugar, but without cream. Instead of "la" one can
+also say "l'" (but only after a preposition which ends with a vowel).
+
+In the drawing-room there was nobody except him and his fiancee. Besides
+the empty loom there was nothing. Besides ourselves we had very little
+to bring in. She wished to have, besides the red flowers, only one
+beautiful statue. All slept, save the steersman beside his tiller. In
+addition to the members, many guests journey there.
+
+ 40.
+
+He worked hard, but in spite of everything he did not succeed. It was
+still fairly warm, notwithstanding that the sun was low. They will be
+severely punished if, notwithstanding the prohibition, they (shall)
+offend against the freedom of the road. Despite all my endeavours to
+prevent him, he went away.
+
+For my four children I bought twelve apples, and to each of the children
+I gave at the rate of three apples. They may cost three to five
+shillings each. This book has sixty pages; therefore if I (shall) read
+every day (at the rate of) fifteen pages, I shall finish the whole book
+in four days. I bought four books at sixpence each.
+
+We were only engaged about some household affairs. The structure is
+similar to a mushroom. They ran away when the woman cried out at them.
+In the evening the sky became covered with clouds. From fear of Karagara
+I ran away. She was very proud of her high rank. The dog sincerely
+mourned for him. None of them was so full of desires as the youngest
+girl. On word of honour.
+
+
+ 40a.
+
+If we need to use a preposition, and the sense does not show us what
+preposition to use, then we can use the general preposition "je." But it
+is well to use the word "je" as seldom as possible. Instead of the word
+"je" we can also use the accusative without a preposition. I laugh at
+his simplicity (or, I laugh on account of his simplicity; or, I ridicule
+his simplicity). The last time I saw him with you I travelled two days
+and one night. I sigh for my lost happiness. From the said rule it
+follows that if we do not know as to any verb whether it requires the
+accusative case after it (that is, whether it is active) or not, we can
+always use the accusative. For example, we can say "obei al la patro"
+and "obei la patron" (instead of "obei je la patro"). But we do not use
+the accusative when the clearness of the sense forbids it; for example,
+we can say "pardoni al la malamiko" and "pardoni la malamikon," but we
+must always say "pardoni al la malamiko lian kulpon."
+
+ 41.
+
+The photographer photographed me, and I sent my photograph to my father.
+You talk nonsense, my friend. I drank tea, with cake and jam. Water is a
+fluid. I did not wish to drink the wine, for it had in it a certain
+muddiness. On the table were various sweetmeats. I ate a tasty omelette.
+When I travel anywhere I never take with me much luggage. An ice is a
+sweet frozen dainty. The whole surface of the lake was covered with
+floating leaves and various other plants (growths). The timber merchant
+sells wood, and the joiner makes tables, chairs, and other wooden
+objects. I use no sort of alcoholics. His old mother carried on the
+management of the house. "An evil appearance he had," answered the Jew.
+She thought over the doings of the past day. It is as light as a cobweb.
+The train of the dress was long. They move like living beings.
+
+He loves this girl on account of her beauty and goodness. His heroism
+greatly pleased me. I live with them in great friendship. We are, in
+fact, close to the river. This is the most important quality. Court
+ceremony necessitates inconvenience. The wealth of this man is great,
+but his foolishness is still greater.
+
+In these little bottles are various acids--vinegar, sulphuric acid,
+nitric acid, and others. The acidity of this vinegar is very weak. Your
+wine is only some abominable acid thing. This great eminence is not a
+natural mountain. The height of that mountain is not very great.
+
+
+ 42.
+
+The house in which one learns is a school, and the house in which one
+prays is a church. The cook sits in the kitchen. The doctor advises me
+to go into a vapour-bath. The horse put one hoof on a serpent's nest.
+The woman used to walk through lovely woods and meadows. He came into
+his lodging. He stopped by the gate of the monastery.
+
+Russians live in Russia, and Germans in Germany. My writing materials
+consist of an inkstand, a sand-box, a few pens, a pencil, and a blotter.
+In my trousers pocket I carry a purse, and in my overcoat pocket I carry
+a pocket book; a larger portfolio I carry under my arm. Put on the table
+the sugar-basin, the tea-caddy, and the teapot.
+
+A shop in which one sells cigars, or a room in which one keeps cigars,
+is a cigar-store; a box or other object in which one keeps cigars is a
+cigar-case; a little tube in which one puts a cigar when one smokes it
+is a cigar-holder. A little box in which one keeps pens is a pen-box,
+and a little stick, on which one holds a pen to write, is a penholder.
+In the candlestick was a burning candle.
+
+ 43.
+
+A father and a mother together are named parents. Peter, Anne, and
+Elizabeth are my brother and sisters. Mr. and Mrs. N. will come to us
+this evening. The engaged couple stood by the altar. I congratulated the
+young married pair by telegraph. The king and queen left Cordova. She
+married (with) her cousin, although her parents wished to marry her to
+another person.
+
+My wife's father is my father-in-law, I am his son-in-law, and my father
+is the father-in-law of my wife. All my wife's relations are my
+relations by marriage, consequently her brother is my brother-in-law,
+her sister is my sister-in-law; my brother and sister are the
+brother-in-law and sister-in-law of my wife. The wife of my nephew and
+the niece of my wife are my nieces by marriage. A woman who treats the
+sick is a lady doctor; the wife of a doctor is a doctor's wife. Mrs. Dr.
+A. visited Dr. and Mrs. P. to-day. He is not a laundryman, he is a
+washerwoman's husband.
+
+The sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons of a king are princes. The
+Hebrews are Israelites, for they are descended from Israel. A foal is an
+immature horse, a chicken an immature fowl, a calf an immature ox, a
+fledgeling an immature bird. That beautiful land was in a very primeval
+state.
+
+
+John, Nicholas, Ernest, William, Mary, Clara, and Sophia are called by
+their parents Johnny (or Jack), Nick, Ernie, Will (or Willie or Bill or
+Billy), Polly (or Molly), Clarry, and Sophy.
+
+ 44.
+
+Steel is flexible, but iron is not flexible. Not every plant is edible.
+Glass is breakable and transparent. Your speech is quite
+incomprehensible, and your letters are always written quite illegibly.
+The darkness is impenetrable. He related to me a story altogether
+incredible. Perhaps I can (shall be able to) help you. Do you love your
+father? What a question! of course (that) I love him. Probably I shall
+not be able to come to you to-day, for I think that I myself shall have
+guests to-day. The table stands askew, and will probably soon fall over.
+He did his best (his possible).
+
+He is a man unworthy of belief. Your action is very praiseworthy. This
+important day will remain for me for ever memorable. It is a coat of
+great worth. It is not worthy of thanks. The crew show [themselves]
+unworthy of their leader.
+
+His wife is very hardworking and economical, but she is also very fond
+of talking and noisy. He is very irascible, and often becomes excited at
+the merest trifle; nevertheless he is very forgiving, he does not bear
+anger long, and he is not at all revengeful. He is very credulous; even
+the most incredible things, which the most untrustworthy people relate
+to him, he immediately believes. He is very cleanly, and you will not
+find even one speck of dust on his coat. He is an excellent boy, but
+very apt to believe [in] spirits.
+
+ 45.
+
+We all came together to talk over very important business, but we could
+not reach any result, and we parted. Misery often unites people, and
+happiness often separates them. I tore up the letter, and threw its bits
+into every corner (all corners) of the room. After this they separated
+for home. The road branched in several directions.
+
+I willingly fulfilled his desire. In bad weather one may easily take
+cold. He unbuttoned his overcoat. She played with her fan. Shirts,
+collars, cuffs, and other similar things we call linen, although they
+are not always made of linen.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ TRANSLATIONS FROM VARIOUS LANGUAGES.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ PARDONATA FORESTO.
+
+Oni invitis junulon al festeno. Respondante al la invito, li diris: "Mi
+venos plezure, se mi estos viva."
+
+"Ho," diris la invitanta sinjorino, "se vi estos senviva, ni vin ne
+atendos."
+
+ El "Tutmonda Anekdotaro".
+
+ Festeno - banquet, (dinner) party.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ KOREKTO.
+
+Juna frauxlino: "Ho, S-ro profesoro! Kion povus rakonti tiu cxi maljuna
+kverko, se gxi povus paroli?!"
+
+Profesoro: "Gxi dirus: pardonu min, mia frauxlino, mi ne estas kverko,
+sed tilio."
+
+ "Ibid".
+
+ Tilio - lime tree.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ NAIVECO.
+
+Knabino sesjara havis katon kaj pupon. Iu demandis sxin, kiun el la du
+sxi preferas. Sxi ne volis respondi, fine sxi diris al li en la orelon:
+"Mi preferas mian katon, sed ne diru, mi petas vin, tion al mia pupo."
+
+ El "Unua Legolibro" de Kabe.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ HAWKE.
+
+Kiam la fama angla admiralo Hawke estis ankoraux knabo kaj la patro
+unuafoje prenis lin sur sxipon, li admonis lin bone konduti kaj aldonis:
+"Tiam mi esperas vidi vin kapitano." " Kapitano!" ekkriis la knabo.
+"Kara patro, se mi ne esperus farigxi admiralo, mi ne konsentus esti
+maristo."
+
+ "Ibid".
+
+ Admoni - to admonish; konduti - to behave (oneself).
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ EFIKA RUZO.
+
+Iu vilagxano petis sian tre avaran najbaron, ke li metu sur la limon
+inter la du gxardenoj palisan barilon, cxar la najbara kokinaro vagadis
+dum la tuta tago en lia gxardeno.
+
+Tamen la avarulo rifuzis, kaj jam la najbaro intencis alvoki la helpon
+de la jugxistoj, kiam li sxajne kontenta kvietigxis.
+
+Subite, je cxies miro, oni ekvidis la malamatan avarulon starigi tre
+fortan lignan barilon.
+
+"Sed, amiko," demandis la vilagxanoj, "rakontu kiamaniere vi atingis
+tion."
+
+"Nu, tre simple," li diris. "Iun matenon mi sendis al la najbaro tri aux
+kvar ovojn, dirante, ke liaj kokinoj demetis ilin en mia gxardeno. Jam
+la sekvintan tagon li komencis konstrui la barilon. Tio estas cxiam pli
+malkara, ol doni okupadon al la advokatoj."
+
+ El "Tutmonda Anekdotaro".
+
+ Peti - to beg; limo - boundary; paliso - palings; vagi - to wander;
+ alvoki - to invoke; sxajne - apparently; subite - suddenly;
+ kvieta - quiet; advokato - lawyer.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ JUPITERO KAJ CXEVALO.
+
+-- Patro de l' bestoj kaj de l' homoj!--diris cxevalo, proksimigxante al
+la trono de Jupitero--oni diras, ke mi estas unu el la plej belaj
+bestoj; mi mem kredas tion, tamen sxajnas al mi, ke multon en mi oni
+devus plibonigi.
+
+-- Kion laux via opinio oni povus plibonigi en vi? Parolu, mi estas
+preta lerni de vi--diris Jupitero ridetante.
+
+-- Eble mi kurus ankoraux pli rapide, se miaj piedoj estus pli longaj
+kaj pli maldikaj; longa cigna kolo ornamus miri; pli largxa brusto
+pligrandigus miajn fortojn; kaj cxar vi destinis min por porti vian
+favoratan, homon, vi povus sur mian dorson meti pretan selon.
+
+-- Bone--diris Jupitero--atendu momenton!--kaj li kreis kamelon.
+
+Ekvidinte la novan beston, la cxevalo ektremis de l' timo kaj abomeno.
+
+-- Jen la altaj piedoj, kiajn vi deziris--diris Jupitero--jen la longa
+cigna kolo, largxa brusto kaj preta selo. Cxu vi deziras, ke mi tiel
+aliformigu vin?
+
+ El "Unua Legolibro" de Kabe.
+
+ Trono - throne; sxajni - to seem; preta - ready; cigno - swan;
+ ornami - to ornament; brusto - chest; destini - to destine, appoint;
+ selo - saddle; tremi - to tremble; abomeno - disgust.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ LA HOMA KORPO KAJ LA SENTOJ.
+
+ El "Serba Esperantisto."
+
+Petu Johanon, ke li alproksimigxu, ke li pasxu al vi, por ke vi observu
+la trajtojn de lia vizagxo.
+
+Lia frunto estas alta kun brune blondaj haroj, liaj vangoj estas rondaj,
+lian mentonon kovras dika barbo, kiu kasxas la gorgxon.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Johanino jam faris longan marsxon, sxi jxus haltis: sxi spiras forte,
+sxia kolo sin strecxas, sxia brusto sin etendas, kaj skuigxas sxiaj
+flankoj; sxia koro forte batas, sxia sango rapide kuras en la arterioj
+kaj vejnoj; sxia hauxto farigxis brula.
+
+Sxi sxajnas laca ne nur muskole, sed nerve kaj cerbe. Diru al sxi, ke
+sxi ripozu kaj ne restu stare, ke sxi sidigu sin.
+
+Nun sxi sidas: sxi pene klinas siajn krurojn; sxi povas movi nek la
+genuojn nek la piedojn; ecx la brakoj rigide pendas de la sxultroj; sxi
+ne plu turnas la kapon: sxi tuj ekdormos.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Mi kusxis sur la tero mem: tiam la dorso, la ventro, la membroj, ecx la
+ostoj iom suferis.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Okulo blinda ne vidas lumon, orelo surda ne auxdas sonojn, busxo muta ne
+diras vortojn, koro fermita ne gxuas amon.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Tiu cxi frukto, antauxe acida, estas nun matura: la nazo flaras gxian
+odoron agrablan, la mano esploras gxian glatan sxelon, baldaux la dentoj
+mordos gxian molan karnon kaj la lango gustumos gxian dolcxan sukon.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Momenta silentu, vi faros plezuron al mi, kaj mia kapdoloro malaperos.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ Trajto - feature; frunto - forehead; bruna - brown; vango - cheek;
+ mentono - chin; barbo - beard; gorgxo - throat;
+ etendi - to extend, to stretch out; skui - to shake; sango - blood;
+ arterio - artery; vejno - vein; hauxto - skin; muskolo - muscle;
+ nervo - nerve; cerbo - brain; kruro - leg; ventro - belly;
+ membra - limb, member; osto - bone; gxui - to enjoy;
+ esplori - to examine; glata - smooth; sxelo - rind, bark;
+ karno - flesh; suko - juice.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+
+ ANTAUXFABELO
+ El Fabeloj al Helenjo.
+
+ El "Rusaj Rakontoj".
+
+Baju, baju, baju!...
+
+Unu okuleto de Helenjo dormas, alia rigardas; unu oreleto de Helenjo
+dormas, alia auxskultas.
+
+Dormu, Helenjo, dormu, belulino; kaj pacxjo rakontos fabelojn. Kredeble,
+cxiuj estas tie cxi: kato, kaj vilagxa hundo, griza museto, kaj grileto
+sub la forno, makulkolora sturno en kagxo, kaj malpacema koko.
+
+Dormu, Helenjo,--tuj la fabelo komencigxos. Jen la alta luno jam
+rigardas en la fenestron; jen straba leporo, kiu lame forkuras; jen
+lupaj okuloj, kiuj eklumigxas per flavaj fajretoj. Alflugas maljuna
+pasero al la fenestro, frapas per la beko sur vitron kaj demandas: "Cxu
+baldaux?" Cxiuj estas cxi tie, cxiuj kolektigxis; kaj cxiuj atendas la
+fabelon al Helenjo.
+
+Unu okuleto de Helenjo dormas, alia rigardas, unu oreleto de Helenjo
+dormas, alia auxskultas.
+
+Baju, baju, baju!...
+
+ MAMIN SIBIRJAK.
+
+ [Footnote: "Baju": Rusa interjekcio; rekantajxo
+ por dormigi infanojn.]
+
+ Auxskulti - to listen; fabelo - story; griza - grey; muso - mouse;
+ grilo - cricket; forno - stove; makulo - spot; sturno - starling;
+ straba - squinting; leporo - hare; lupo - wolf; flava - yellow;
+ beko - beak; pacxjo - daddy.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ EDZINlGXO DE RATINO.
+
+ El "Japanaj Rakontoj".
+
+Maljuna rato havis filinon. Gxi volis edzinigi tiun cxi kun iu plej
+forta en la mondo. Gxi unue iris al la luno, pensante, ke la luno estas
+la plej forta en la mondo. Sed la luno diris: "Min tre ofte malhelpas la
+nubo, kaj mi neniel povas forpeli gxin."
+
+Tiam gxi sin turnis al la nubo, pensante, ke la nubo estas pli forta, ol
+la luno. Sed la nubo diris: "Min cxiam dispelas la vento, kaj mi neniam
+povas al gxi kontrauxstari."
+
+Trie gxi iris al la vento, pensante, ke la vento estas pli forta, ol la
+nubo. Sed la vento diris: "La muro staras kontraux mi, kaj mi tute ne
+povas trapasi gxin."
+
+Fine gxi iris al la muro, pensante, ke la muro estas pli forta, ol la
+vento. Sed la muro ankaux diris: "Via familio cxiam min mordadas, kaj mi
+ne povas tion haltigi."
+
+Jen gxi komprenis, ke ratino nur devas edzinigxi kun rato, kaj reveninte
+hejmen, gxi edzinigis sian filinon kun juna rato de sia najbareco.
+
+ K. KAJIWARA.
+
+ Nubo - cloud.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ INFANA VERSAJXO.
+
+ Eta Manjo Flindre
+ Sidis intercindre,
+ Etajn piedfingrojn sxi varmigis.
+ Sxin vidis patrineto,
+ Punigxis filineto,
+ Cxar sxi la novajn vestojn malpurigis.
+
+ JOHN ELLIS, el "The British Esperantist".
+
+ Cindro - cinder, ash; fingro - finger.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ LA DOMO DE JXAK'.
+
+Jen estas la domo konstruita de Jxak'.
+Jen estas la greno, kiu restis en la domo konstruita de Jxak'.
+Jen estas la rato, kiu mangxis la grenon, kiu restis, k.t.p.
+Jen estas la kato, kiu mortigis la raton, kiu mangxis, k.t.p.
+Jen estas la hundo, kiu turmentis la katon, kiu mortigis, k.t.p.
+Jen estas la bovino kun kurba korno, kiu jxetis la hundon,
+ kiu turmentis, k.t.p.
+Jen estas tutsola la virgulino, kiu melkis la bovinon, kiu jxetis,
+ k.t.p.
+Jen estas la viro, cxifone vestita, kiu kisis la virgulinon tutsolan,
+ kiu melkis, k.t.p.
+Jen estas la pregxisto, tute razita, kiu edzigis la viron, cxifone
+ vestitan, kiu kisis, k.t.p.
+Jen estas la koko, matene kriinta, kiu vekis la pregxiston, tute
+ razitan, kiu edzigis, k.t.p.
+Jen estas la farmomastro, grensemanta, kiu posedis la kokon, matene
+ kriintan, kiu, k.t.p., k.t.p.
+
+ El "The Esperantist"
+
+ Rato - rat; kato - cat; kurba - curved; korno - horn;
+ sola - alone, solitary; melki - to milk (milk is lakto);
+ cxifono - rag; farmi - to farm, take on lease; semi - to sow seed;
+ posedi - to possess.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ EZOPA FABELO.
+
+Unu azeno trovis leonan felon. Gxi ricevis la ideon vesti sur sin la
+felon, kaj sxajnigante sin leono, terurigi la homojn kaj bestojn.
+Pensite, farite. La azeno sxajnis esti potenca leono.
+
+La unua viva estajxo, kiun gxi renkontis, estis malricxa sed talenta
+komercisto, portanta kelkajn komercajxojn sur sia dorso. Li terurigxis
+vidante la leonon, kio tre amuzis la azenon. Nun la azeno, intencante
+pligrandigi la efikon, ekblekis:--ia,--ia,--ia,... Sed jen nia
+komercisto rekonis la azenon per gxia vocxo, kaptis gxin kaj devigis
+gxin--vendi malkarege la leonan felon.
+
+ El "Lingvo Internacia".
+
+ Azeno - ass; felo - hide; sxajni - to seem to be; komerci - to trade;
+ dorso - back; intenci - to intend; bleki - to cry (like an animal);
+ kara - dear; potenca - powerful.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ PROVERBOJ.
+
+Eco homara estas eraro. Nur tiu ne eraras, kiu neniam ion faras.
+Por ricxulo fasto, por malricxulo festo.
+Mezuri laux sia metro.
+Kia la semo, tia la rikolto.
+Ricxigas ne enspezo, sed prudenta elspezo.
+Kun kiu vi festas, tia vi estas.
+Ju pli da jxuroj, des pli da suspekto.
+Korvo al korvo okulon ne pikas.
+En infano vidigxas, kia homo farigxos.
+Unufoje sxtelinta restas cxiam sxtelisto.
+Kapo estas por tio, ke gxi zorgu pri cxio.
+Belaj rakontoj el trans la montoj.
+
+ M. F. ZAMENHOF.
+
+ Fasto - fast; mezuri - to measure; rikolto - harvest;
+ enspezo - income; elspezo - outlay; jxuro - oath;
+ suspekto - suspicion; korvo - raven; piki - to stab.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ LIZI, ELZE, ELIZABET.
+
+ El "Hungaraj Rakontoj".
+
+Mi amis nur mian patrinon kaj Lizi, krome neniun en la tuta mondo.
+
+Kun sxi, kun Lizi, mi jam ligis amikecon, kiam mia malgranda fratino
+mortis je angino.
+
+Tiam farigxis tre silente en nia domo. Malantauxe cxirkaux la
+cxevalstalo bruis ja la knaboj poste kiel antauxe, sed al la logxejo
+ili proksimigxis nur sur la piedpintoj. Ili ne volis gxeni la nigre
+vestitan virinon, kiu sencxese, kvazaux senspirite, la funebrajn
+cxambrojn trapasxis; de frua mateno gxis malfrua vespero, en pensojn
+profundigxinta, sxi travagis la logxejon, senripoze kiel la pendolo
+de l'horlogxo, kvazaux sxi eterne iun aux ion sercxus. Iafoje sxi
+malfermis la sxrankojn kaj tirkestojn laux vico. Tiam mi cxiam vidis
+en sxia mano malgrandajn infanorobojn, sxuojn kaj antauxtukojn, kiujn
+sxi longe rigardis kaj karesis, por ilin denove remeti kun la pupoj,
+la skribkajeroj kaj cxiuj aliaj objektoj, kiuj iam apartenis al mia
+malgranda fratino.
+
+Pri mi sxi tute ne okupigxis--sxi nun pli amis la mortinton, ol cxiujn
+vivantojn--kaj tamen en mi cxiam sxteliris post sxi. Se mi iafoje sxian
+robon ekprenis, aux sxian brakon karesis, por ke sxi min nur rimarku,
+sxi ekrigardis min indiferente per siaj karaj, de nokta plorado lacaj
+okuloj, aux diris: "Kion vi volas, Janko? Cxu mi devas doni al vi
+orangxojn?"
+
+Sxi tiam eltiris la tirkeston, kie la orangxoj kusxis, kaj lasis min
+elekti, kiom mi volis. Kaj mi tute ne volis orangxojn, mi nur estis
+jxaluza je mia malgranda, mortinta fratino.
+
+ FERENC HERCZEG.
+
+ Ligi - to bind; angino - quinsy; stalo - stable, stall; pinto - point;
+ gxeni - to trouble, disturb; funebro - mourning; pendolo - pendulum;
+sxranko - cupboard; tirkesto - drawer; vico - turn; antauxtuko - apron;
+ laca - weary; jxaluza - jealous.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ VENTEGA NOKTO.
+
+ El "Nord-germanaj Rakontoj".
+
+ La ventego kriegis kaj bruegis dum la malluma nokto kaj blovege pelis
+la foliojn antaux si. Kia sonado estis en la aero! De malproksime venas
+la ventego, el la regiono, kie estas la altaj montoj kaj la granda
+akvo, el la malvarma nordo. Cxio, kion gxi ekkaptas dumvoje, devas
+kunflugi. Gxi pelas la foliojn alten, tiel ke ili kirle flugas kaj en
+sia timo saltas unu super la alia. Jen gxi permesas al ili dum memento
+rekonsciigxi, ili opinias, ke nun cxesis la sovagxa pelado, ke ili
+povas trankvile mallevigxi teren--jen la sovagxulo ree ekkaptas ilin
+kaj la ludo denove komencigxas. Nun gxi estas en la torfejo; tie gxi
+trovas nenion kun kio gxi povus petoli; tiam gxi atakas pluvnubon kiu
+jxus volis ekpluvi--pusxegas en gxian flankon, gxis gxi tuj disflugas.
+Jen la blovulo venas en la arbaron kaj furiozas inter la arboj, kiuj
+gxemas kaj krakas. Ankoraux salton, kaj nun gxi estas cxe la lerneja
+domo, kiu staras kasxite en arbetajxoj inter la du vilagxoj. Ho, kiel
+gxi gxojkriegas ekvidante la malnovan kadukan domon! Tie cxi mi devas
+enigxi! Per cxiuj pordoj gxi bruegas kaj skuas ilin, provante malfermegi
+ilin. Sed vane. Ecx ne la lignan kovrilon de la truo en la frontono gxi
+povas desxiri, kvankam la rustigxintaj hokoj preskaux ne plu povas teni
+gxin. Sed almenaux gxi klakas kaj frapegas per gxi tiom, ke la edzino de
+la instruisto vekigxas.
+
+ HEINRICH BANDLOW.
+
+ Nordo - north; kirli - to whisk, to twirl; konscii - to be conscious;
+ opinii - to be of opinion; torfo - peat; petoli - to play, tease;
+ furiozi - to rage; gxemi - to groan; kraki - to crack, crackle;
+ kaduka - decayed, infirm; skui - to shake; vane - in vain;
+ frontono - gable, fronton; rusti - to rust; hoko - hook;
+ klaki - to clack, clap.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ EN PIRIN.
+
+
+ El "Bulgaraj Rakontoj".
+
+Klime perdis la vojon, la blovegoj estis kovrintaj cxion: valojn,
+montetojn, vojojn, kampojn. Li eliris hieraux cxe bona vetero el la
+vilagxo, kaj nun ?... Dum tutaj horoj li vagadis en Pirin-monto kaj
+li ne scias, kie li trovigxas, kien li iras, kion li renkontos. Li
+komprenis nur unu: ke malproksime, malproksime li estas de sia vilagxo,
+en nekonataj montaj dezertoj, en la regno de l'sovagxaj bestoj kaj de la
+pereo...
+
+Subite li ekvidis tra la krepusko multajn nigrajn ombrojn, kiuj iris
+senbrue sur la negxo. Kio estas tio cxi? Cxu lupoj? Ili estas tuta
+aro kaj venas de la dekstra flanko; ili bojas... Li ekkuregas. La
+malsata aro rapide lin sekvas kun sovagxaj bojoj... Kiom da tempo
+li kuris, li ne memoras... Antaux li cxiam nudajxo, cxiam dezerto,
+cxiam negxa kampo. Subite Klime vidas, ke antauxe ekmovigxas io, lumaj
+punktoj brilas kaj lin renkontas: la bestaro elsendis kelkajn lupojn
+por fermi lian iradon... Klime vidis teruran, neeviteblan morton...
+Tiam li ree ekkuregis kiel frenezulo maldekstren, al nova direkto, sur
+ia krutajxo malsupren, kaj post li la lupoj... Li dufoje implikigxis
+je sia skarpo, kiu trenis, kaj li ekfalis. Trovigxinte en la valo,
+Klime gxoje vidis, ke li eniras en ian vilagxon... Kia gxi estas, cxu
+pomaka, cxu kristana,--li ne pensas, cxar la luparo lin persekutas
+ecx tien cxi. Gxi iras post liaj kalkanoj... Li ensxovigxis en ian
+pordegon, kiun, versxajne, la ventego malfermis, kaj li alkuris al la
+fenestro, kiu lumis. Kaj la lupoj ankaux kuras post li. Klime sxovis
+malgxentile la pordon kaj eniris en nekonatan domon. Li ekgxemis: li
+vidis bulgaran, kristanan domon, kaj la sanktfigurujon, kaj antaux gxi
+la sanktlampeton...la flamo malklare briletis kaj estingigxis ankoraux.
+El la krepusko eliris iaj homoj. Li cxirkauxrigardis mirege. Kie li
+trovigxas?
+
+Subite Klime ekscias, ke li estas en sia hejmo.
+
+La Cxiopovanto estis direktinta liajn vagadojn al lia vilagxo, al lia
+domo, kiam li pensis, ke li iras en tute malsaman direkton.
+
+ IVAN MINCXEV.
+
+ [Footnote: "Pomako" estas bulgaro farigxinta mahometano.]
+
+ Klime - man's name; blovego - storm; valo - valley; sovagxa - wild;
+ krepusko - twilight; boji - to bark; nuda - bare; punkto - point;
+ eviti - to avoid; freneza - crazy; impliki - to entangle;
+ skarpo - scarf; persekuti - to follow in order to harm;
+ sxovi - to shove, push; versxajne - apparently;
+ estingi - to extinguish.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ SOMERA PLUVADO.
+
+ El "Prozo el Danaj-Norvegaj Auxtoroj".
+
+Estis premante varmege, la aero vibris pro varmo, kaj krom tio estis
+tiel kvieta, nenio alia sin movis, ol la kokcineloj tie sur la urtikoj,
+kaj kelke da velkitaj folioj, kiuj kusxis sur la herbo kaj kurbigis sin
+kun etaj ekmovoj, kvazaux kuntiritaj de la sunaj radioj.
+
+Kaj tiu homo sub la kverko, li kusxis spiregante kaj melankolie,
+senespere li rigardis supren al la cxielo. Li kantetis iom, kaj cedis,
+fajfis per la busxo kaj cedis ankaux je tio, turnis kaj returnis sin,
+rigardis malnovan talpan teraltajxeton, kiu tute helgrizigxis pro
+sekeco. Subite eta, ronda, nigra makulo vidigxis sur la griza tero,
+ankoraux unu, du, tri, kvar, multaj, ankoraux pliaj, la tuta altajxeto
+farigxis malhelgriza. La aero estas nur longaj, malhelaj strekoj, la
+folioj klinigxis kaj balancigxis, sibleto, plilauxtigxante gxis siblego,
+sonis,--akvo fluegis teren.
+
+Cxio briletis, fajretis, kraketis. Folioj, brancxoj, trunkoj, cxio
+brilis de akvajxo, cxiu guteto falanta teren, herben, sxtonen, cxien,
+disrompigxis kaj dissxprucis en milojn da etaj perloj. Malgrandaj gutoj
+pendis tie iom da tempo kaj farigxis grandaj gutoj, malsuprenfalis
+tien cxi, unuigxis kun aliaj gutoj, formis fluetojn, malaperis en
+sulketojn, enfluis grandajn truojn kaj elfluis malgrandajn, forkondukis
+polvon, lignajxetojn kaj foliopecojn, fiksigxis sur rifojn kaj denove
+liberigxis, turnigxis kaj ree surrifigxis. Foliojn, ne estintajn kune
+de la tempo, kiam ili estis burgxonoj, kolektis la akvajxo; musko,
+neniigita de sekeco, eksxvelis kaj farigxis mola, cxifa, verda kaj
+sukplena; kaj sximo kiu preskaux farigxis polvo, disvastigxis en graciaj
+makuloj, kun brilo kiel silko. La konvolvoloj lasis plenigi siajn
+blankajn kalikojn gxis la rando, interpusxis ilin kaj versxis la akvon
+sur la kapojn de l' urtikoj. La dikaj, nigraj arbarlimakoj afablege
+rampis antauxen kaj rigardis danke la cxielon.
+
+Kaj la homo? La nudkapa homo staris meze en la pluvo, lasante la gutojn
+sibli en harojn, brovojn okulojn, nazon, busxon, kraketis per la fingroj
+je la pluvo, iom levis iafoje la piedojn, kvazaux li intencis danci,
+ekskuis iam kaj iam sian kapon, kiam tro multe da akvo estis en la
+haroj, plengorgxe kantis senpripensante tion, kion li kantis, tiel plene
+la pluvado lin okupis.
+
+ J. P. JAKOBSEN.
+
+ Vibri - to vibrate; kokcinelo - ladybird; urtiko - nettle;
+ velki - to wither; fajfi - to whistle; talpo - mole; streko - streak;
+ klini - bend; sibli - to hiss; sxpruci - to spurt, to gush;
+sulko - furrow; truo - hole; rifo - reef; burgxono - bud; musko - moss;
+ sxveli - to swell; cxifi - to crinkle, crumple; sximo - mildew, mould;
+ gracia - graceful; konvolvolo - convolvulus; kaliko - chalice, calyx;
+ limako - slug; brovo - brow; nuda - bare.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ KION NE KOMPRENAS LA HIRUNDOJ KAJ PAPILIOJ.
+
+ El "Pola Antologio".
+
+... Iom pli malproksime kusxis flava grenkampo. Malalta barilo apartigis
+gxin de l' konstruajxoj kaj de l' malgranda placeto antaux ili.
+
+La barilo formis angulon kaj en la loko, kie kunigxis du gxiaj oblikvaj
+duonoj, gxi havis pordegon, altan, largxan kaj en tiu momento tute
+malfermitan.
+
+Ni proksimigxis al la malalta barilo. Anjo ne havis ankoraux suficxe
+da tempo por apogi al gxi sian ombrelon kaj jam en la flava domo oni
+malfermis la pordon kaj viro starigxis cxe la sojlo kaj lauxte demandis:
+
+--Cxu vi iras eksterlandon?
+
+Ni komprenis. La barilo, malzorge konstruita el kurbaj bastonoj, estis
+io pli grava, ol limo de kampara proprajxo...
+
+Cxi tiu barilo apartigis du naciojn, du landojn, du civilizaciojn.
+
+La sekalo, kreskanta post gxi, estis jam germana sekalo; la cejanoj,
+kiuj, kiel bluaj lumetoj, bruletis inter la spikoj, estis jam germanaj
+cejanoj.
+
+Germana estis ecx la vento, fluganta de tie kune kun la miela odoro de
+l'konvolvoloj...
+
+Kompreneble, Anjo devis rifuzi al si la ricxigon de sia bukedo per
+germanaj floroj kaj sxi tuj sciigis pri gxi la lauxte demandantan viron.
+
+Li reigxis domon trankviligxinta, sed sendube dek kelkaj paroj da
+viglaj, kvankam nevideblaj okuloj observis cxiujn niajn movojn.
+
+Kun stranga sento ni komencis rigardi cxirkauxe.
+
+--Kial?--demandis Anjo, largxe malfermante la okulojn--sekve la spiko,
+kiu elkreskis tie cxi el grajno alportita de tie de la vento, estas nia,
+sed milionoj da aliaj spikoj, gxiaj fratoj, estas fremdaj nur tial, ke
+ili kreskas unu pasxon pli malproksime?
+
+Mi penis klarigi al sxi, ke tio cxi estas tute natura, ecx necesega.
+
+--Por kiu?
+
+Anstataux respondo mi levis la sxultrojn.
+
+Okupataj de la penso pri la divido, ni turnis la okulojn al la cxielo,
+sercxante ankaux sur gxi liman linion.
+
+Sed la cxielo estis nur unu, nedividita.
+
+Ni rigardis la sunon.
+
+Ankaux la suno estis nur unu, nedividita.
+
+En la sama momento papilio, kiu sidis proksime de ni sur la barilo kaj
+jen etendis, jen altiris siajn rugxajn flugiletojn kun argxenta subajxo,
+rapide levigxis kaj transflugis al la germana flanko.
+
+Gxi longe flirtis tie super la balancigxantaj spikoj kaj trovinte amikon
+aux amikinon ankoraux pli trankvile revenis.
+
+Samtempe kelke da hirundoj, antauxsentante proksimigxon de fulmotondro,
+komencis kun lauxta pepado rondflugi malproksimen kaj senpune trans la
+limon...
+
+-- Vi vidas!--ekkriis Anjo kun infana triumfo.-- La hirundoj kaj
+papilioj no konsentas la "necesecon," pri kiu vi tiel sage parolis.
+
+Cxi tiuj senkonsideraj vortoj malgxojigis min.
+
+-- Ah, Anjo, Anjo!--diris mi riprocxe,--cxu vi forgesis, ke la homo
+estas pli sagxa kreitajxo, ol la flirtemaj birdoj kaj papilioj
+senpripensaj?...
+
+ WIKTOR GOMULICKI.
+
+ Greno - corn; placo - place, square; apogi - to lean on;
+ ombrelo - umbrella, parasol; sojlo - threshold; lauxta - loud;
+ sekalo - rye; cejano - corn bluebottle; mielo - honey;
+ bukedo - bouquet; paro - pair; spiko - ear of corn; linio - line;
+ papilio - butterfly; flirti - flutter, wave; fulmo - lightning;
+ tondro - thunder; pepi - to chirp.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ PRINTEMPO VENOS.
+
+ Se la naturo rigidigxas
+ De prem' de l' vintro frostiganta,
+ Se tute per la negx' kovrigxas
+ Je longe tero ekdormanta,
+ Amiko kara! vi ne ploru:
+ Printempo venos kaj somero,
+ Ke la naturo ree floru,
+ Ke verdu, revivigxu tero.
+
+ A. NAUMANN.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ LA VOJO.
+
+ Tra densa mallumo briletas la celo,
+ Al kiu kuragxe ni iras.
+ Simile al stelo en nokta cxielo,
+ Al ni la direkton gxi diras.
+ Kaj nin ne timigas la noktaj fantomoj
+ Nek batoj de l' sorto, nek mokoj de l' homoj
+ Cxar klara kaj rekta kaj tre difinita
+ Gxi estas, la voj' elektita.
+
+ Nur rekte, kuragxe, kaj ne flankigxante
+ Ni iru la vojon celitan!
+ Ecx guto malgranda, konstante frapante,
+ Traboras la monton granitan.
+ "L' espero, l' obstino", kaj "la pacienco"--
+ Jen estas la signoj, per kies potenco
+ Ni pasxo post pasxo, post longa laboro,
+ Atingos la celon en gloro.
+
+ Ni semas kaj semas, neniam lacigxas,
+ Pri l' tempoj estontaj pensante.
+ Cent semoj perdigxas, mil semoj perdigxas,--
+ Ni semas kaj semas konstante.
+ "Ho, cxesu!" mokante la homoj admonas,--
+ "Ne cxesu, ne cxesu!" en kor' al ni sonas:
+ "Obstine antauxen! La nepoj vin benos,
+ Se vi pacience eltenos."
+
+ Se longa sekeco aux ventoj subitaj
+ Velkantajn foliojn desxiras,
+ Ni dankas la venton, kaj, repurigitaj,
+ Ni forton pli fresxan akiras.
+ Ne mortos jam nia bravega anaro,
+ Gxin jam ne timigas la vento, nek staro,
+ Obstine gxi pasxas, provita, hardita,
+ Al cel' unu fojon signita!
+
+ Nur rekte, kuragxe kaj ne flankigxante
+ Ni iru la vojon celitan!
+ Ecx guto malgranda, konstante frapante,
+ Traboras la monton granitan.
+ L' espero, l' obstino, kaj la pacienco--
+ Jen estas la signoj, per kies potenco
+ Ni pasxo post pasxo, post longa laboro,
+ Atingos la celon en gloro.
+
+ L. ZAMENHOF, el "Fundamenta Krestomatio".
+
+Celo - aim; simile - like; fantomo - phantom, apparition; sorto - fate;
+ moko - mockery; elekti - to choose; flanko - side; guto - drop;
+ frapi - to strike; bori - to bore; signo - sign; atingi - to attain;
+ laca - weary; semo - seed; cxesi - to cease; admoni - to exhort;
+ koro - heart; vento - wind; subita - sudden; velki - to wither;
+ desxiri - to tear from, pluck off; akiri - to acquire;
+ provi - to make trial of; hardi - to harden.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ EL LA PAROLO DE D-RO. L. L. ZAMENHOF.
+ EN LA GUILDHALL, URBO LONDONO,
+ La 2lan de Auxgusto, 1907.
+
+. . . La dua kulpigo, kiun ni ofte devas auxdi, estas tio, ke ni
+esperantistoj estas malbonaj patriotoj. Cxar tiuj esperantistoj, kiuj
+traktas la esperantismon kiel ideon, predikas reciprokan justecon
+kaj fratecon inter la popoloj kaj cxar laux la opinio de la gentaj
+sxovinistoj patriotismo konsistas en malamo kontraux cxio, kio ne estas
+nia, tial ni laux ilia opinio estas malbonaj patriotoj, kaj ili diras,
+ke la esperantistoj ne amas sian patrujon. Kontraux tiu cxi mensoga,
+malnobla kaj kalumnia kulpigo ni protestas plej energie, ni protestas
+per cxiuj fibroj de nia koro! . . .
+
+Vi staras nun antaux miaj okuloj, mia kara Litovujo, mia malfelicxa
+patrujo, kiun mi neniam povas forgesi, kvankam mi forlasis vin kiel
+juna knabo. Vi, kiun mi ofte vidas en miaj songxoj, vi, kiun nenia alia
+parto de la tero iam povos anstatauxi en mia koro, vi atestu, kiu vin
+pli multe, pli kore kaj pli sincere amas: cxu mi, idea esperantisto,
+kiu revis pri frateco inter cxiuj viaj logxantoj, kvankam mi devis
+bedauxrinde forlasi vin, simile al multaj centoj da miloj da aliaj viaj
+filoj--aux cxu tiuj personoj, kiuj deziras, ke vi apartenu nur al ili,
+kaj cxiuj aliaj viaj filoj estu rigardataj kiel fremduloj aux sklavoj!
+Ho patriotismo, patriotismo, kiam fine la homoj lernos kompreni gxuste
+vian sencon! Kiam via sankta nomo cxesos esti armilo en la manoj de
+diversaj malhonestuloj! Kiam fine cxiu homo ricevos la rajton kaj la
+eblon algluigxi per sia tuta koro al tiu peco da tero, kiu lin naskis!
+
+Longe dauxros ankoraux malluma nokto sur la tero, sed ne eterne gxi
+dauxros. Venos iam la tempo, kiam la homoj cxesos esti lupoj unuj
+kontraux aliaj. Anstataux konstante batali inter si, elsxiri la patrujon
+unuj al la aliaj, perforte altrudi al si reciproke siajn lingvojn kaj
+morojn, ili vivos inter si pace kaj frate, en plena interkonsento
+ili laboros sur la tero, sur kiu ili vivas, kaj kontraux tiuj krudaj
+fortoj de la naturo, kiuj ilin cxiujn egale atakas. Kaj kune kaj
+interkonsente ili celados cxiuj al unu vero, al unu felicxo. Kaj se iam
+venos tiu felicxa tempo, gxi estos la frukto de konstanta kaj senlaca
+laborado de tiuj homoj, kiujn vi vidas nun en cxi tiu cxambrego kaj
+kies nomo, ankoraux tre malmulte konata kaj tre malmulte sxatata, estas
+"esperantistoj."
+
+ El "The British Esperantist."
+
+ Kulpo - fault; trakti - to treat; prediki - to preach;
+ gento - tribe, race; sxovinisto - Chauvinist; Litovujo - Lithuania;
+ sengxo - dream; atesti - to bear witness; revi - to imagine, dream;
+ bedauxri - to regret; sklavo - slave; senco - meaning; rajto - right;
+alglui - to glue to, stick to, attach; lupo - wolf; trudi - to obtrude;
+ moro - manners, custom; paco - peace; konsenti - to agree;
+ kruda - crude, rough, raw; frukto - fruit;
+ sxati - to prize, appreciate, like.
+
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ FOREWORD TO SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY.
+
+As this Vocabulary is intended for those who have worked through the
+preceding lessons, it is not a full vocabulary, but only supplementary
+to those already given, and the words contained in those are, as a rule,
+not repeated here.
+
+In order to get in as many root words as possible, derived words and
+the second word of a pair (e.g., male or female, opposites, the action
+and the tool, the animal and its young, etc.) are generally omitted;
+the simple word or one of the pair being found, the other word is to be
+formed from it by means of the proper word-ending, prefix or suffix.
+
+In English there are often several words to express the same or nearly
+the same meaning. Want of space prevents these being all included; the
+most important or most commonly used word has therefore been chosen; for
+instance, "mercury", "tranquil", "diaphanous", "suffocate", "salve",
+"renown", "fiddle", are not to be found, but "quicksilver", "calm",
+"translucent", "smother", "ointment", "fame", "violin", are there.
+
+
+A most valuable help to the student is a good English dictionary, and
+if this gives the derivation of the words, the interest of the study
+is greatly increased. The difficulty often is, not to find the right
+Esperanto word, but to know exactly what the English word or phrase
+means. It is the experience of most Esperantists that in learning
+Esperanto their knowledge of their own language has become much more
+thorough. [Footnote: A remark made by a student during one lesson was
+"Well, if we don't learn Esperanto, we shall learn English."] For this
+reason and also that this language cannot be learned simply as a matter
+of rote, but demands the exercise of the thinking and reasoning powers,
+[Footnote: To convince an opponent or a doubter of this, tell him that
+"utila" means "useful," and "mal" denotes the contrary; then ask what
+"malutila" means. The answer will almost certainly be "useless." Then
+show that the contrary of a good quality is not merely the absence
+of that quality, but is a bad quality, and therefore the contrary of
+"useful" is "harmful."] Esperanto ought to be taught in all schools.
+
+
+ VOCABULARY.
+
+ === A ===
+
+abbot : abato.
+abdomen : ventro.
+ability : kapablo, povo, lerteco, talento.
+able (to be) : povi.
+abolish : neniigi, forigi.
+abomination : abomeno.
+abroad : eksterlande.
+absent (to be) : foresti.
+absolve : senkulpigi, senpekigi.
+absorb : absorbi; sorbi.
+abstain : deteni sin.
+abuse : insult'i, -o; trouzi; malbonuzi.
+abyss : abismo, profundegajxo.
+accent : akcent'i, -o; supersigno.
+accept : akcepti, alpreni.
+accident : malfelicxajxo, okazo.
+account : kalkulo; rakonto; konto. "on--of," pro.
+accuse : kulpigi, akuzi.
+ace : aso.
+ache : dolor'o, -i.
+acknowledge : konfesi.
+acorn : glano.
+acquaint : sciigi.
+acquainted, become--with : konatigxi kun.
+acquire : akiri, atingi.
+acquit : senkulpigi.
+acrid : akra, morda, pika.
+act : ag'i, -o; far'i, -o; legxo; akto.
+action : agado; ("law") proceso.
+active : agema, aktiva.
+actor : aktoro.
+actual : nuna, efektiva.
+adapt : alfari.
+add : aldoni, kunmeti, sumigi.
+address : alparoli al; sin turni al; ("letters") adresi.
+adhere : aligxi, algluigxi al.
+adjourn : prokrasti.
+admit : allasi, konfesi.
+adopt : alpreni, fil (-in) -igi.
+adore : adori, amegi.
+adult : plenkresk'a, plenagx'a.
+adulterate : falsi.
+adultery : adulto.
+advantage : utilo, profito, bonajxo.
+advertise : anonci, reklami.
+advice : konsilo.
+affair : afero.
+affected (to be) : afekti.
+affiliate : aligxi, filiigxi.
+afternoon : posttagmezo.
+again : re-, ree, denove.
+agenda : tagordo, programo.
+agent : agento.
+agile : facilmova.
+agitate : agiti.
+agony : dolorego, ("death"--) agonio.
+agree : konscnti, interkonsenti.
+agreeable : afabla, agrabla.
+agreement : kontrakto, interkonsento.
+agriculture : terkulturo.
+aim : cel'o, -i.
+air : aero, aerumi; mieno; ario.
+aisle : flankajxo.
+alarm : maltrankviligi; alarmo.
+alder : alno.
+alert : vigla.
+alien : alilandulo, eksterlandulo.
+alike : simila, egala.
+alive : vivanta, viva.
+alleviate : plidolcxigi, malpliigi.
+allow : permesi.
+allowance : porcio; (a/c) rabato; dekalkulo.
+allude : aludi.
+almanac : almanako, kalendaro.
+almighty : cxiopova.
+almond : migdalo.
+alms : almozo.
+alone : sola.
+along : lauxlonge.
+aloud : lauxte, vocxe.
+alternate : alterni.
+amazement : mirego.
+amber : sukceno.
+ambition : ambicio.
+ambush : embusko.
+amiable : afabla, aminda.
+amputate : detrancxi, amputi.
+amuse : amuzi.
+anarchy : anarhxio.
+ancestors : praavoj, prapatroj.
+ancient : antikva.
+anecdote : anekdoto.
+angel : angxelo.
+angle : angulo; fisxi.
+animal : besto.
+ankle : maleolo.
+anniversary : datreveno.
+announce : anonci.
+annoy : cxagreni, gxeni.
+annual : cxiujara.
+annul : nuligi.
+anoint : sanktolei, sxmiri.
+anonymous : anonima, sennoma
+ant : formiko.
+anthem : antemo.
+anvil : amboso.
+anxious : maltrankvila.
+apathetic : apatia.
+aperture : malfermajxo, aperturo.
+apologise : peti pardonon.
+apparatus : aparato.
+appeal : alvoki; (law) apelacio.
+appear : aperi; sxajni.
+appearance : vidigxo; sxajno, mieno.
+appetite : apetito.
+applaud : aplauxdi.
+apply : almeti; sin turni al.
+appoint : nomi, difini.
+appreciate : sxati.
+approach : alproksimigxi.
+approve : aprobi.
+apricot : abrikoto.
+apron : antauxtuko.
+arable : plugebla, semotauxga.
+arbitrary : arbitra.
+arbitration : arbitracio.
+arbour : lauxbo.
+arch : arko; arkefleksi.
+argue : argumenti.
+arithmetic : aritmetiko.
+arm : brako, "-pit," akselo; armi.
+arms : armiloj, bataliloj.
+aroma : aromo.
+arouse : veki.
+arrange : arangxi.
+arrest : aresti.
+arrive : alveni.
+arrogant : aroganta
+arrow : sago.
+art : arto.
+artery : arterio.
+artful : ruza.
+artichoke : artisxoko.
+article : artikolo, komercajxo.
+artificial : artefarita, arta.
+artifice : artifiko.
+artisan : metiisto.
+artist : artisto.
+ascertain : konstati.
+ash : cindro, (tree) frakseno.
+ask : demandi. "-for," peti.
+asparagus : asparago.
+aspect : aspekto, vidigxo, fazo.
+aspen : tremolo.
+ass : azeno.
+assemble : kunveni, kunvoki.
+assert : aserti, konstati.
+assign : asigni.
+assure : certigi; asekuri.
+astonish : mirigi. ("to be -ed"), miri.
+astringent : adstringa.
+astute : sagaca.
+asylum : rifugxejo, azilo.
+athletic : atleta.
+atmosphere : atmosfero.
+atom : atomo.
+attach : alligi, kunigi.
+attain : atingi, trafi.
+attempt : provi; (criminal) atenco.
+attention : atento, ("pay"--) atenti.
+attitude : sintenado.
+attract : altiri, logi.
+auction : auxkcio.
+audit : kontkontroli.
+author : auxtoro.
+authority : rajto, auxtoritato.
+avalanche : lavango.
+avaricious : avara.
+avenue : aleo.
+average : meznombro, mezakvanto.
+avert : deturni.
+avoid : eviti.
+award : aljxugxi
+axis : akso.
+axle : akso.
+azure : lazuro.
+
+ === B ===
+
+baboon : paviano.
+baby : infaneto.
+bachelor : frauxlo.
+back : dorso, posta flanko.
+backbone : spino.
+bacon : lardo.
+bag : sako.
+bait : allogajxo.
+bake : baki.
+balance : ekvilibri; (of account) restajxo. "-sheet," bilanco.
+balcony : balkono.
+ball : (play) pilko, (cannon) kuglo, (dance) balo.
+balloon : aerostato.
+ballot : baloti, -o.
+balsam : balzamo.
+band : ligilo; bando; orkestro.
+bandage : bandagxi.
+banish : ekzili.
+bank : (money) banko; bordodigo.
+banker : bankiero.
+bankrupt : bankroto.
+banner : flago, standardo.
+banquet : festeno.
+baptism : bapto.
+bar : bar'i, -ilo; bufedo.
+barbarian : barbaro.
+barber : barbiro.
+bare : nuda.
+bargain : marcxandi.
+bark : boji; sxelo.
+barley : hordeo.
+barrel : barelo. "-organ," gurdo.
+barrister : advokato.
+base : bazo; fundamento; malnobla.
+basin : pelvo, kuvo.
+basket : korbo.
+bat : vesperto; batilo.
+bath : bano, bankuvo.
+bathe : sin bani.
+beam : radio, trabo, vekto.
+bean : fabo, fazeolo.
+bear : urso; porti; subteni
+beard : barbo.
+beat : bati, vergi, vipi, venki.
+beautiful : bela.
+beaver : kastoro.
+because : cxar, tial ke, pro tio ke.
+bed : lito, kusxejo, fluejo, florbedo.
+bee : abelo.
+beech : fago.
+beer : biero.
+beet : beto.
+beetle : skarabo, blato.
+beg : peti, almozpeti.
+begin : komenci, ek-.
+behave : konduti.
+behold : rigardi; jen!
+bell : sonorilo.
+below : sube, malsupre.
+belt : zono.
+bench : benko; (joiner's) stablo.
+bend : fleks'i, -igxi; klin'i, -igxi.
+bent : kurb'a, -igita.
+bequeath : testamenti.
+berry : bero.
+besiege : siegxi.
+bet : veti.
+betray : perfidi.
+betrothal : fiancx' (-in-) igxo.
+bewitch : sorcxi.
+bilberry : mirtelo.
+bile : galo.
+bill : kalkulo; kambio; afisxo; beko.
+billiards : bilardo
+bind : ligi; (books) bindi; bandagxi. -"weed", liano.
+birch : betulo.
+birth : naskigxo.
+biscuit : biskvito.
+bishop : episkopo.
+bit : peco; enbusxajxo.
+bite : mordi.
+bitter : akra, maldolcxa.
+blackbird : merlo.
+blacking : ciro.
+bladder : veziko.
+blade : klingo; (of grass), folieto
+blaspheme : blasfemi.
+bless : beni.
+blind : blinda. "window"-, rulkurteno.
+blond : blonda.
+blood : sango.
+blot : makulo.
+blow : blovi; bato, frapo.
+blouse : bluzo.
+blue : blua; -"bell", hiacinto, kampanoleto.
+boa-constrictor : boao.
+boast : fanfaroni.
+boat : boato.
+bobbin : bobeno.
+body : korpo.
+bog : marcxo.
+boil : boli; absceso.
+bold : kuragxa, sentima.
+bolt : rigl'i, -ilo; bolto.
+bomb : bombo.
+bombard : bombardi.
+bond : obligacio, garantiajxo
+bondage : servuto, sklaveco.
+bone : osto.
+bonnet : cxapo.
+booth : budo.
+border : rand'o, -ajxo; borderi.
+bore : bori; kalibro.
+born : (to be), naskigxi.
+borrow : prunte preni.
+bosom : brusto, sino.
+bottom : fundo, malsupro.
+boundary : limo.
+bouquet : bukedo.
+bow : saluti; kapklini; pafarko; arcxo; banto.
+bowels : internajxo, intestaro.
+bowl : pelvo, kuvo.
+box : kesto, skatolo; logxio; boksi; pugnobati.
+braces : sxelko.
+brain : cerbo.
+bran : brano.
+branch : brancxo; filio.
+brass : flava kupro, latuno.
+brave : brava, kuragxa.
+breach : brecxo.
+break : rompi, frakasi.
+breakfast : matenmangx'i, -o.
+breast : brusto, mamo.
+breathe : spiri.
+bribe : subacxeti.
+brick : briko.
+bridge : ponto.
+bridle : brido.
+bright : hela, brila, gaja.
+bring : alkonduki, alporti.
+broad : largxa.
+broker : makleristo, ("act as--") makleri.
+brooch : brocxo.
+brood : kovi, kovitaro.
+broth : buljono.
+brown : bruna.
+browse : sin pasxti.
+bruise : kontuzi; pisti.
+brush : bros'o, -i; balailo; peniko.
+bucket : sitelo.
+buckle : buko.
+bud : burgxono.
+budget : budgxeto.
+buffet : (restaurant) bufedo.
+bug : cimo.
+build : konstrui.
+bullet : kuglo.
+bullfinch : pirolo.
+bunch : fasketo, aro.
+bundle : fasko.
+bungle : fusxi.
+burden : surpezi, sxargxo.
+bureau : oficejo, kontoro.
+burgess : burgxo.
+burn : brul'i, -igi.
+burrow : kavigi.
+burst : krevi.
+bury : enterigi, enfosi.
+business : afero, okupo, negoco
+busy : okupata, aferema.
+butcher : bucx'i, -isto.
+buttercup : ranunkolo,
+butterfly : papilio.
+buzz : zumi.
+
+ === C ===
+
+cab : fiakro; kabrioleto, drosxko.
+cabbage : brasiko.
+cabin : kajuto, kabano.
+cabinet : cxambreto, kabineto.
+cable : sxnurego, kablo.
+cage : kagxo.
+calico : kalikoto.
+calk : kalfatri.
+call : voki, (--"together") kunvoki.
+callosity : kalo.
+calm : kvieta, trankvila.
+camel : kamelo.
+camp : tendaro.
+canary : kanario.
+candid : sincera, verdirema.
+candidate : kandidato, aspiranto.
+cane : kano; bastono; vergi.
+cannon : kanono.
+canon : kanoniko.
+canopy : baldakeno.
+canvas : kanvaso.
+cap : cxapo, (milit.) kepo.
+capable : kapabla, kompetenta.
+cape : manteleto; promontoro, terkapo.
+capital : cxefurbo; kapitalo; granda litero.
+capitalist : kapitalisto.
+capitulate : kapitulaci.
+capsize : renversigxi.
+captain : sxipestro, kapitano.
+capture : kapti.
+car : veturilo, cxaro.
+card : karto, "-board," kartono.
+carnation : dianto; flavroza.
+carp : karpo; kritikajxi.
+carpenter : cxarpentisto.
+carpet : tapisxo.
+carriage : veturilo, kalesxo, vagono; transporto.
+carrot : karoto.
+cart : sxargxveturilo.
+carve : trancxi; skulpti.
+case : okazo; ujo; kazo; proceso.
+cashier : kasisto.
+cast : jxeti, (metal) fandi.
+castle : kastelo.
+catch : kapti.
+caterpillar : rauxpo.
+cathedral : katedralo.
+cattle : bruto, brutoj.
+cauliflower : florbrasiko.
+cause : kauxz'i, -o; -igi; afero.
+caution : averti; singardemo.
+cave : kaverno.
+cavil : cxikani.
+caw : graki.
+ceiling : plafono.
+celebrate : festi, soleni,
+celery : celerio.
+cell : cxelo, cxambreto.
+cellar : kelo.
+censor : cenzuristo.
+censure : riprocxi.
+ceremony : ceremonio, soleno.
+certain : certa; kelkaj; ia.
+chaff : grenventumajxo.
+chaffinch : fringo.
+chain : cxeno.
+chair : segxo. "-man," prezidanto.
+chalk : kreto.
+chance : hazardo; riski; okazi; sxanco.
+chancellor : kanceliero.
+change : sxangxi, aliigi.
+channel : kanalo.
+chaos : hxaoso.
+chapel : kapelo, pregxejeto.
+chapter : cxapitro.
+character : karaktero; (drama) rolo.
+charm : cxarmi; talismano.
+chaste : cxasta.
+cheat : trompi.
+check : haltigi; kontroli.
+cheek : vango.
+cheerful : gaja.
+cheese : fromagxo,
+chemist : apotekisto, hxemiisto.
+cheque : cxeko.
+cherry : cxerizo.
+chess : sxako.
+chest : brusto; kesto, (of drawers) komodo.
+chestnut : kasxtano, ("horse--") marono.
+chew : macxi, ("--cud") remacxadi.
+chicory : cikorio.
+chief : cxef'o, -a.
+chimney : kamentubo.
+chin : mentono.
+china : porcelano.
+chirp : pepi; (insects) cxirpi.
+chisel : cxiz'i, -ilo.
+chocolate : cxokolado.
+choir : hxoro.
+choke : sufoki.
+chop : haki; koteleto.
+chronicle : kroniko.
+church : pregxejo.
+cigarette : cigaredo.
+circle : rondo, cirklo.
+circular : (letter), cirkulero.
+circumference : cxirkauxo.
+circus : cirko.
+city : civito, urbo.
+citizen : urbano, burgxo, civitano, regnano.
+civil : civila, gxentila.
+civilize : civilizi.
+claim : pretendi, postuli.
+clap : (hands) manfrapi, plauxdi.
+class : kurso; (sort) klaso.
+classify : ordigi, klasifiki.
+claw : ungego.
+clay : argilo.
+clergyman : pastro.
+clerk : oficisto, kontoristo, komizo.
+clever : lerta.
+cliff : krutajxo.
+climate : klimato.
+climb : grimpi, suprenrampi.
+clink : tinti.
+cloak : mantelo.
+clod : bulo.
+closet : necesejo; cxambreto.
+cloth : drapo; ("a"--) tuko.
+clothe : vesti.
+cloud : nubo.
+clover : trifolio.
+club : klubo, (cards) trefo.
+clue : postesigno.
+coal : karbo.
+coast : marbordo.
+coat : vesto; "-tail", basko.
+cockle : kardio.
+cocoa : kakao; "-nut", kokoso.
+cod : gado, moruo.
+coffee : kafo.
+coffin : cxerko.
+coil : rulajxo, volvajxo.
+coin : monero.
+coke : koakso.
+colander : kribrilo,
+cold : malvarm'a, -umo.
+colleague : kolego.
+collect : kolekti, amasigi.
+collective : opa.
+college : kolegio.
+colony : kolonio.
+colour : koloro.
+comb : kombi; (fowl's) kresto.
+combine : kombin'i, -igxi, kun'igi, -igxi.
+come : veni.
+comfort : komforti, konsoli.
+comic : komika, ridinda.
+comma : komo.
+command : ordoni, komandi.
+comment : komentar'i, -o.
+commerce : komerco, negoco.
+commission : komisi'i, -o; ("sell on"--) makleri.
+committee : komitato.
+common : komuna, ordinara, vulgara; erikejo, step'o, -eto.
+commune : komunumo.
+communicate : komuniki.
+companion : kunulo.
+company : anaro, kompanio, societo, trupo, roto.
+compare : kompari.
+compartment : fako.
+compass : ("mariners'"--) kompaso; (drawing) cirkelo.
+compel : devigi.
+compensate : kompensi
+complete : konkuri.
+complaint : plendi.
+complete : plen'a, -igi.
+compliment : kompliment'o, -i.
+compose : verki; komposti.
+compositor : kompostisto.
+comrade : kamarado.
+concern : koncerni; zorgo; rilati al.
+concrete : konkreta.
+concussion : skuego.
+condemn : kondamni.
+condition : kondicxo; stato.
+condole : kondolenci.
+confectioner : konfitisto.
+conference : konferenco.
+confirm : konfirmi.
+confiscate : konfiski.
+conflict : konflikto.
+conform : konformi.
+confuse : konfuzi.
+congratulate : gratuli.
+congregation : kongregacio.
+congress : kongreso.
+conjure : jxongli.
+conscience : konscienco.
+conscious : konsci'a, -"ness", 'o.
+consequence : sekvo.
+conservative : konservativa.
+consider : pripensi, konsideri.
+consistent : konsekvenca.
+consonant : konsonanto.
+constipation : mallakso.
+consult : konsiligxi kun.
+consume : konsumi.
+consumption : (disease) ftizo.
+contact : kontakto.
+contain : enhavi, enteni.
+content : kontenta.
+continue : dauxri, -igi.
+contract : kontrakti; kuntir'i, -igxi.
+contrary : kontrauxo, malo.
+contrast : kontrasti.
+contrive : elpensi.
+control : estri, regi.
+convenient : oportuna.
+conversation : interparolado, konversacio.
+convict : kondamnito.
+convince : konvinki.
+convolvulus : konvolvolo.
+convulse : konvulsio, spasmo.
+copper : kupro.
+copy : kopii; ekzemplero.
+coral : koralo.
+cord : sxnuro.
+core : korajxo, internajxo.
+cork : korko; sxtopi,
+corn : greno; (foot), kalo.
+corner : angulo.
+correct : korekti; gxusta, senerara.
+correspond : korespondi.
+corrode : mordeti.
+corset : korseto.
+costume : kostumo.
+cotton : (raw), kotono; (manuf.) katuno.
+cough : tusi.
+council : konsilantaro.
+count : kalkuli; grafo.
+country : lando; kamparo.
+courage : kuragxo.
+course : kuro; kurso. "of"--, kompreneble.
+court : korto, ("royal"--) kortego; jugxejo; amindumi.
+covetous : avida.
+crab : krabo, kankro.
+crack : fendi, kraki, krev'i, -igi.
+cradle : lulilo.
+crafty : ruza.
+crane : gruo, sxargxlevilo.
+crape : krepo.
+crater : kratero.
+cravat : kravato.
+creature : estajxo, kreitajxo.
+credit : kredito.
+creed : kredo.
+creep : rampi.
+crest : tufo, kresto.
+crevice : fendo.
+cricket : grilo; (game) kriketo.
+crime : krimo.
+crippled : kripla.
+crisis : krizo.
+criticism : kritiko.
+crochet : krocxeti.
+crocodile : krokodilo, aligatoro.
+cross : kruco, trans' -iri, -pasi. --"out", streki.
+croup : krupo.
+crow : korniko.
+crowd : amaso.
+crown : krono; (of head) verto.
+cruel : kruela.
+cruise : krozi.
+crumple : cxifi.
+crust : krusto.
+crutch : lambastono.
+cry : krii, ekkrii, plori; (of animals) bleko.
+crystal : kristalo.
+cube : kubo.
+cuckoo : kukolo.
+cucumber : kukumo.
+cuff : manumo; frapo.
+cultivate : kulturi.
+cunning : ruza.
+cup : taso, kaliko.
+cupboard : sxranko.
+cure : resanigi; (bacon, etc.) pekli.
+curious : scivola, stranga, kurioza.
+curl : buklo.
+currant : ribo, sekvinbereto (korinta).
+current : fluo.
+curtain : kurteno.
+curved : kurba, fleksita, nerekta.
+cushion : kuseno.
+customer : kliento.
+cutlet : kotleto.
+cycle : ciklo.
+cyclone : ciklono.
+Czar : Caro.
+
+ === D ===
+
+daffodil : narciso.
+daily : cxiutaga.
+dainty : frandajxo; frandema delikata,
+daisy : lekant'o, -eto.
+dam : digo, akvosxtopilo.
+damage : difekti.
+dance : danc'i, -o; balo.
+dandelion : leontodo.
+dare : kuragxi.
+darn : fliki.
+date : dato; (fruit) daktilo.
+dawn : tagigxo.
+dead : senviva, mortinta. -ly, pereiga.
+dear : kara, multekosta.
+debauch : dibocxo.
+debris : rub'o, -ajxo.
+debt : sxuldo, ("be in"--) sxuldi.
+decipher : decxifri.
+deck : ferdeko; ornami.
+declaration : deklaracio.
+decoration : ornamajxo; ordeno.
+decree : dekreto, mandate.
+decrepit : kaduka.
+dedicate : dedicxi.
+deed : ago, faro, farajxo, faritajxo; dokumento.
+deep : profunda; (sound) basa.
+deer : cervo.
+defeat : venki, malvenko.
+defend : defendi.
+defer : prokrasti.
+deficiency : deficito, malsuficxeco.
+defile : intermonto; malpurigi.
+define : difini.
+definite : definitiva.
+degenerate : degeneri.
+degree : grado.
+Deity : Diajxo, Dieco.
+delay : prokrasti.
+delegate : deleg'i, -ito.
+delicate : delikata.
+delightful : cxarma, rava.
+delirium : delir'o, ("be in") -i.
+deliver : savi, liberigi; (goods) liveri.
+deluge : superakvego, diluvo.
+den : nestego, kaverno.
+denounce : denunci.
+deny : nei, malkonfesi.
+depart : foriri.
+department : fako.
+depend : dependi.
+derive : devenigi.
+descendant : ido, posteulo.
+describe : priskribi.
+desert : dezerto; forlasi; forkuri de.
+desk : pupitro.
+despatch : ekspedi, depesxo.
+dessert : deserto.
+destine : (for), difini (por).
+destroy : detrui.
+detail : detalo.
+detriment : malutilo, perdo.
+develop : plivastigi, disvolv'-i, -igxi, (phot.) aperigi.
+devil : diablo, demono.
+devoted : sindona.
+devout : pia.
+dew : roso.
+dexterous : lerta.
+dial : ciferplato.
+diarrhoea : lakso.
+dice : ludkuboj.
+dictate : dikti.
+dictionary : vortaro.
+die : morti.
+differ : diferenci.
+digest : digesti.
+dignity : digno, rango.
+dine : tag', vesper', -mangxi.
+dip : trempi, subakvigi.
+diploma : diplomo.
+diplomacy : diplomatio.
+direct : direkti, rekta, senpera.
+disappoint : seniluziigi, cxagreni.
+discharge : eligi, eksigi, elpagi.
+disciple : lernanto, discxiplo.
+discipline : disciplino.
+discount : diskonto, rabato.
+discover : eltrovi.
+discreet : diskreta, singardema.
+discuss : diskuti.
+disease : malsano.
+disguise : alivesti, maski.
+disgust : nauxzi.
+dish : plado.
+dislocate : elartikigi.
+dismal : funebra.
+dismay : konsterni.
+dispel : peli, forpeli, dispeli.
+dispose : disponi.
+disposition : inklino, emo.
+dispute : disputi, malpaci.
+dissect : sekci.
+disseminate : dissemi.
+dissolve : solvi.
+distance : interspaco, malproksimeco, distanco.
+distinct : klara.
+distinguish : distingi.
+distract : distri.
+distribute : disdoni.
+district : regiono, kvartalo, distrikto.
+ditch : foso.
+dive : subakvigxi.
+dividends : rento, dividendo.
+divorce : eksedzigi.
+dizziness : kapturnigxo.
+do : fari.
+doctor : kuracisto, doktoro.
+doctrine : doktrino, instruo.
+domestic : hejma, doma.
+dose : dozo.
+dot : punkto.
+double : duobl'a, -igi.
+doubt : dubi.
+dough : knedajxo.
+down : lanugo; malsupre.
+dowry : doto.
+drag : treni.
+dragon : drako. "-fly", libelo.
+dragoon : dragono.
+drain : defluilego, senakvigi.
+drake : anaso.
+drape : drapiri.
+draught : aerfluo. "-s" (game) damoj.
+draw : desegni; tiri, (from well) cxerpi.
+drawer : tirkesto.
+drawers : kalsono, (chest of -s), komodo.
+dream : songx'i, -o; (day-), rev'o, -i.
+dredge : skrapegi.
+dress : robo; vesti, sin vesti.
+drill : bori; ekzerco, manovro.
+drink : trinki, (to excess) drinki.
+drive : veturi; peli. "--away", forpeli.
+droll : ridinda, sxerca.
+drone : abelviro; zumi.
+drop : gut'o, -i.
+drown : dron'i, -igi.
+drug : drogo.
+drum : tamburo.
+drunken : ebria.
+dry : seka. "--land", firmajxo.
+duck : anasino, anaso.
+duration : dauxro.
+duty : devo, (tax) imposto. "be on--", dejxori.
+dwell : logxi, restadi.
+dye : tinkturi.
+dyke : digo.
+
+ === E ===
+
+eager : avida.
+ear : orelo, (corn) spiko.
+earl : grafo.
+early : fru'a, -e.
+earn : perlabori.
+earnest : serioza, diligenta, fervora.
+earth : tero. "-quake", tertremo.
+earthenware : fajenco.
+east : oriento.
+easter : Pasko.
+ebony : ebono.
+ecclesiastical : eklezia.
+echo : ehxo, resonadi.
+edge : rando, trancxrando, bordo
+edify : edifi.
+edit : redakti.
+edition : eldono.
+editor : redaktoro.
+educate : eduki.
+eel : angilo.
+effect : efiko, efekto.
+effective : efektiva.
+efficacious : efika.
+effort : peno, klopodo.
+eiderduck : molanaso.
+elastic : elast'a, -ajxo.
+elbow : kubuto.
+elder : (tree), sambuko.
+elect : elekti, baloti.
+electricity : elektro.
+elegant : eleganta.
+elf : koboldo, elfo.
+elm : ulmo.
+eloquent : elokventa.
+embalm : balzami.
+embrace : cxirkauxpreni, enbrakigi; ampleksi.
+embroider : brodi.
+emerald : smeraldo.
+emigrate : elmigri.
+eminent : eminenta.
+emotion : kortusxeco.
+emphasis : emfazo, akcentego
+empire : imperio.
+enable : ebligi.
+enamel : emajl'o, -i.
+enchant : ravi; ensorcxi.
+encore : bis.
+endeavour : klopodi, peni.
+endow : doti.
+endure : dauxri; toleri, suferi.
+energy : energio.
+engine : masxino, lokomotivo, motoro.
+engrave : gravuri.
+enjoy : gxui.
+enlist : varbi, rekruti.
+enough : suficxa, (be--) suficxi.
+entangle : impliki.
+enterprise : entrepreno.
+entertain : amuzi; regali.
+enthusiasm : entuziasmo.
+entice : logi, allogi.
+entwine : kunplekti.
+envelop : envolvi.
+envelope : koverto.
+environs : cxirkauxajxo.
+equivalent : ekvivalenta, egala.
+erase : trastreki; forfroti.
+erect : vertikala; rekta; starigi.
+errand : komisio.
+escape : forkuri, forsavigxi.
+establish : fondi, starigi.
+estate : (land) bieno.
+esteem : estimi.
+estimate : taksi.
+eternal : eterna, cxiama.
+ethical : etika.
+eve : antauxtago.
+even : ecx; parnombra; ebena.
+event : okazo.
+evil : malbono, peko.
+exact : gxusta, preciza; postuli.
+examine : ekzameni, esplori.
+examination : ekzameno.
+example : ekzemplo.
+exceed : superi.
+except : krom, esceptinte; escepte.
+exchange : intersxangxi. "the--", Borso.
+excite : eksciti.
+exclusive : eksklusiva.
+excursion : ekskurso.
+execute : efektivigi; (--"a criminal"), ekzekuti.
+exercise : ekzerci. -book, kajero.
+exhaust : konsumi, elcxerpi.
+exhibition : ekspozicio.
+exhort : admoni.
+expect : atendi.
+expel : elpeli.
+experience : sperto.
+experiment : eksperimento.
+expert : lerta, kompetenta.
+explode : eksplod'-i, -igi.
+express : esprimi, ekspreso.
+extend : etendi.
+exterminate : ekstermi.
+extinguish : estingi.
+extract : ekstrakti, eltiri.
+extraordinary : eksterordinara.
+eye : okulo. "-brow", brovo. "-lid", palpebro.
+
+ === F ===
+
+fable : fablo.
+fact : fakto. "in"--, ja, efektive.
+factory : fabrikejo, faktorio.
+fade : velki.
+fail : manki; malprosperi, bankroti.
+faint : sveni.
+fair : foiro; blonda; justa.
+fairy : feino, feo.
+faith : fido, kredo.
+falcon : falko.
+false : falsa, malvera.
+fame : gloro, renomo; famo.
+familiar : kutima, intima.
+family : familio.
+fan : ventum'i, -ilo.
+fare : farti; veturpago.
+farm : farmi (have on lease); farmobieno.
+fashion : modo, maniero, fasono.
+fast : fast'i, -o; rapida.
+fasten : alligi, fiksi,
+fat : gras'a, -o; sebo.
+fatal : fatala, mortiga.
+fate : sorto.
+fathom : sondi, klafto.
+fault : kulpo; difekto; eraro.
+favour : favori, komplezo.
+feast : regalo, festeno; festo.
+feather : plumo.
+feature : trajto.
+feed : nutri, mangxigi, pasxti.
+feel : palpi, senti.
+felt : felto.
+female : ino, virinseksa.
+fence : skermi; palisaro.
+ferment : fermenti.
+fern : filiko.
+ferret : cxasputoro,
+ferry-boat : pramo.
+fester : ulcerigxi, pusi.
+festival : festo.
+feudal : feuxdala.
+fever : febro.
+fibre : fibro.
+fife : fifro.
+fig : figo.
+fight : batal'i, -o.
+figure : cifero; figuro.
+figurative : figura.
+file : fajli, -ilo.
+film : filmo, tavoleto.
+filter : filtr'i, -ilo.
+fin : nagxilo.
+fine : delikata; monpuno.
+fir : abio.
+fire : brulo, fajro; (gun), pafi.
+fireplace : kameno, fajrejo.
+fireworks : artfajrajxo.
+firm : firma, fortika; firmo.
+fish : fisx'o, -i, -kapti.
+fist : pugno.
+fit : atako. "--for", tauxga; konvena, deca.
+fix : fiksi.
+flake : floko, negxero.
+flame : flami.
+flannel : flanelo.
+flat : plata, ebena; apartamento.
+flatter : flati.
+flavour : gusto.
+flax : lino.
+flea : pulo.
+flesh : (meat), viando; karno.
+flint : siliko.
+flit : flirti.
+float : nagxi; surnagxi.
+flock : aro, pasxtataro, sxafaro.
+flog : skurgxi.
+flood : superakvegi.
+floor : planko, etagxo.
+flour : faruno.
+flow : flui.
+flower : flor'o, -i. "-bed," bedo.
+fluid : fluajo.
+flutter : flugeti, flirti.
+fly : musxo; flugi.
+fog : nebulo.
+fold : fald'i, -o.
+follow : sekvi.
+fondle : dorloti, karesi.
+food : nutrajxo.
+fool : malsagxulo.
+foot : piedo; futo. "-man," lakeo. "-path," trotuaro, piedvojeto.
+forage : furagxo.
+forehead : frunto.
+foreign : ali', ekster'-landa, fremda.
+forest : arbarego.
+forge : forgxi.
+forget : forgesi. "-me-not", miozoto.
+forgive : pardoni.
+formidable : timeginda.
+formulate : formuli.
+fortress : fortikajxo.
+fortunate : felicxa.
+foundation : fundamento
+foundry : fandejo.
+fountain : fontano.
+fowl : kortbirdo.
+fox : vulpo.
+frame : kadro.
+freckle : lentugo.
+free : liber'a, -igi; senpaga.
+freeze : frostigxi, glaci'igi, -igxi.
+frequent : ofta; vizitadi.
+fringe : frangxo.
+fritter : fritajxo.
+frock : vesteto. "-coat," surtuto.
+frog : rano.
+frolic : petoli.
+frown : sulk'o, -igi.
+frugal : sxparema,
+fruit : frukto. "-ful," fruktodona.
+fry : friti, (spawn) frajo, "-ing" "pan," pato, fritilo.
+fuel : brulajxo, hejtajxo.
+fulfil : plenumi.
+fun : sxercado.
+function : funkcio.
+funeral : enterigiro.
+funnel : funelo.
+funny : ridinda.
+fur : felo; "--coat" pelto.
+furnace : fornego.
+furnish : mebli, provizi.
+furrow : sulko.
+further : pile, plimalproksime.
+fury : furiozo, furio.
+fuse : fandi.
+furniture : mebl'o, -aro.
+future : estonteco.
+
+ === G ===
+
+gadfly : tabano.
+gain : gajni, (clock) trorapidi.
+gall : galo. "-nut," gajlo.
+gallery : galerio.
+gallop : galopi.
+game : ludo, cxasajxo.
+gap : brecxo; manko.
+gargle : gargari.
+garrison : garnizon'o, -i.
+gas : gaso.
+gate : pordego.
+gauze : gazo.
+gelatine : gelateno.
+gem : gemo.
+general : gxenerala; generalo.
+generation : generacio.
+generous : malavara.
+genius : genio, geniulo.
+gentle : dolcxa, neforta, milda.
+gentleman : sinjoro.
+genus : gento.
+germ : gxermo.
+germinate : gxermi.
+gesture : gesto.
+ghost : fantomo.
+giant : giganto.
+gild : ori, orumi.
+gill : (of fish), branko.
+gin : gxino.
+ginger : zingibro. -bread, mielkuko.
+gipsy : cigano.
+give : doni, donaci,
+glacier : glaciejo.
+glass : vitro, "a--," glaso. "looking--," spegulo.
+glaze : glazuri.
+glorify : glori.
+glove : ganto.
+glow : ardi, brili. "-worm," lampiro.
+glue : gluo.
+glycerine : glicerino.
+gnat : kulo.
+gnaw : mordeti.
+goat : kapro.
+goblet : pokalo.
+goblin : koboldo.
+God : Dio.
+gold : oro.
+goldfinch : kardelo.
+golosh : galosxo.
+goodbye : adiaux.
+goose : anserino.
+gooseberry : groso.
+gospel : evangelio.
+gout : podagro.
+govern : regi.
+governess : guvernistino
+graceful : gracia.
+gradual : grada, lauxgrada.
+graft : inokuli, grefti.
+grain : grajno, greno.
+grammar : gramatiko.
+grape : vinbero.
+grass : herbo.
+grasshopper : akrido.
+grate : fajrujo; raspi, skrapi.
+grating : krado.
+gravity : pezo.
+gravy : suko.
+grease : graso; sxmiri.
+great : granda. "-coat," palto, gravitoj
+greedy : avida, mangxegema.
+green : verda. "-house," varmejo.
+greengage : renklodo.
+grey : griza. "-hound," leporhundo.
+grill : kradrosti.
+grin : grimaci, rikani.
+grind : mueli; pisti; grinci.
+gristle : kartilago.
+groan : gxemi.
+grocer : spicisto.
+grotesque : groteska.
+grotto : groto.
+ground : tero. "-floor," teretagxo.
+groundsel : senecio.
+group : grup'o, -igi.
+grouse : tetro.
+grub : larvo.
+guarantee : garantii.
+guard : gardi, (milit.) gvardio.
+gudgeon : gobio.
+guess : diveni, konjekti.
+guide : gvidi.
+guillotine : gilotino.
+gulf : golfo.
+gull : mevo.
+gullet : ezofago gorgxo, fauxko.
+gum : gumo, dentokarno.
+gun : pafilo, kanono. "-powder," pulvo.
+gush : sxpruci.
+guttapercha : gutaperko.
+gutter : defluilo.
+
+ === H ===
+
+habit : kutimo.
+haddock : eglefino.
+hair : haro, haroj; hararo "-dresser," frizisto.
+hall : vestiblo, halo, salono.
+halt : halti, lami.
+halter : kolbrido.
+ham : sxinko.
+hammer : martelo.
+hand : mano. "-ful," plenmano, "-shake," manpremo.
+handkerchief : naztuko.
+handle : tenilo, manpreni.
+hang : pend'i, -igi.
+hansom : kabrioleto, fiakro.
+happen : okazi.
+harbour : haveno.
+harden : malmoligi, (health), hardi
+hare : leporo.
+harm : difekti, malutili.
+harness : jungi, jungajxo.
+harpoon : harpuno.
+harrow : erpi, erpilo.
+harvest : rikolto.
+hasten : rapid'i, -igi.
+hatch : kovi.
+hatchet : hakilo.
+haunch : kokso.
+hawk : akcipitro; kolporti.
+hawthorn : kratago.
+hay : fojno.
+hazlenut : avelo.
+heal : resanigi, cikatrigxi.
+health : sano. "propose a--," toasti.
+heap : amas'o, -igi.
+heart : koro, (cards) kero. "by," parkere.
+hearth : kameno, fajrujo, hejmo.
+heath : eriko, erikejo, stepo.
+heathen : idolano.
+heaven : cxielo.
+heavy : peza.
+hedge : plektobarilo, "-hog" erinaco.
+heir : heredanto.
+hell : infero.
+helm : direktilo.
+helmet : kasko.
+hem : borderi.
+hemp : kanabo.
+herald : heroldo.
+heresy : herezo.
+hermit : ermito.
+hero : heroo.
+heron : ardeo.
+herring : haringo.
+hesitate : sxanceligxi, heziti.
+hiccough : singulti.
+hide : kasxi; felo.
+hinge : cxarniro.
+hip : kokso.
+hire : dungi; lui; pago.
+hiss : sibli
+hit : frapi.
+hoard : amaso.
+hoar frost : prujno.
+hoax : mistifik'o, -i.
+hole : truo, kavo
+holiday : festo, libertempo.
+hollow : kav'a, -o.
+holly : ilekso.
+honey : mielo, "-comb," mieltavolo. "-suckle," lonicero.
+hood : kapucxo, kufo.
+hook : hoko, agrafo; alkrocxi.
+hope : espero.
+hops : lupolo.
+horizon : horizonto.
+horn : korno.
+hospitable : gastama.
+hospital : hospitalo.
+host : mastro; gastiganto; hostio.
+hostage : garantiulo.
+hotel : hotelo.
+hover : flirti.
+hub : radcentro, akso.
+hue : nuanco, koloro,
+hum : zumi.
+human : homa. "-being," homo.
+humane : humana.
+humble : humila.
+humbug : blago.
+humming-bird : kolibro.
+humorous : humorajxa, sprita, sxerca.
+hump : gxibo.
+hunger : malsato.
+hunt : cxasi.
+hurrah : hura.
+hurricane : uragano.
+hurt : vundi, malutili.
+husk : sxelo.
+hut : kabano.
+hymn : himno.
+hyphen : streketo.
+hypocritical : hipokrita.
+
+ === I ===
+
+ideal : ideala.
+identical : identa.
+idiom : idiomo, idiotismo.
+idiotic : idiota.
+idle : senokupa.
+idol : idolo.
+illegitimate : nelauxlegxa, bastarda,
+illuminate : ilumini.
+illusion : iluzio.
+illustrate : ilustri.
+image : figuro, bildo.
+imagine : imagi, revi.
+imbibe : ensorbi.
+imbue : penetri, inspiri.
+imitate : imiti.
+immediately : tuj.
+imminent : surpenda, minaca.
+impassive : stoika, kvietega.
+impertinent : impertinenta.
+implement : ilo.
+implicate : impliki.
+importune : trud'i, -igi.
+impose : trudi, trompi.
+impregnable : fortika, nekaptebla.
+impress : impresi.
+improvize : improvizi.
+impudent : senhonta.
+inch : colo.
+incident : okazajxo, epizodo.
+incite : instigi; inciti.
+incline : inklini, deklivo.
+include : enhavi, enkalkuli.
+income : enspezo, rento.
+incommode : gxeni.
+incompatible : nekunigebla.
+increase : kreski, pli'igi, -igxi.
+incriminate : enkulpigi.
+indeed : efektive, ja.
+independent : sendependa.
+index : nomaro; montra tabelo.
+india-rubber : kauxcxuko.
+indifferent : indiferenta.
+indigenous : indigxena, enlanda.
+indignant (to be) : indigni.
+indirect : malrekta, pera.
+indispensable : nepre necesa.
+individual : individuo.
+indolent : senenergia.
+indomitable : necedigebla.
+indorse : dorseskribi, gxiri.
+induce : decidigi, alkonduki.
+indulge : indulgi.
+industrious : diligenta, laborema
+industry : (business), industrio.
+infantry : infanterio.
+infect : infekti.
+infiltrate : ensorbigxi.
+infinite : senlima, sennombra, senfina.
+infirm : kaduka, malforta.
+inflammation : brulumo.
+influence : influ'o, -i sur.
+influenza : gripo, influenco.
+inform : informi, sciigi.
+infuse : infuzi.
+inherit : heredi.
+initiate : iniciati.
+inject : ensxprucigi, enjxeti.
+injection : (med.), klistero.
+injure : vundi, difekti, malutili.
+inquest : enketo.
+inquisitive : sciama, scivolo.
+insect : insekto.
+inside : interna, "--out" returnite.
+insidious : insida.
+insist : insisti.
+inspector : inspektoro.
+inspire : enspiri, inspiri.
+instigate : instigi.
+instinct : instinkto.
+institution : instituto.
+instructions : instrukcio.
+insult : ofendi; malhonori.
+insure : asekuri.
+intellect : intelekto, prudento.
+intelligent : inteligenta.
+intend : intenci.
+intense : ega, intensa.
+intercourse : interrilato.
+interest : procento, rentumo, intereso, interes'i, -igi, -igxi.
+interfere : sin inter'meti, -miksi, sin altrudi.
+interrupt : interrompi.
+interval : inter'spaco, -tempo.
+intervene : interveni.
+interview : intervjuo.
+intricate : malsimpla, komplika.
+introduce : prezenti, enkonduki.
+intrude : trudi.
+invade : invadi.
+invaluable : netaksebla.
+invent : elpensi.
+invert : renversi.
+invest : (money), procent'doni, -meti.
+invoice : fakturo, kalkulo.
+iris : (of eye), iriso; (flower) irido.
+iron : fero; gladi.
+ironmonger : ferajxisto.
+irony : ironio.
+irritate : inciti, kolerigi.
+island : insulo.
+isolate : izoli.
+isthmus : terkolo, istmo.
+italics : ("in--"), kursive.
+itch : juki.
+item : ero.
+itinerant : vaganta.
+ivory : eburo, elefantosto.
+ivy : hedero.
+
+ === J ===
+
+jackal : sxakalo.
+jacket : jako, jxaketo.
+jam : fruktajxo, konfitajxo.
+jaw : makzelo. --"s". fauxko.
+jealous : jxaluza.
+jelly : gelateno.
+jessamine : jasmeno.
+jewel : juvelo.
+jingle : tinti.
+join : kun'igi, -igxi; unuigxi kun, aligxi.
+joiner : lignajxisto.
+joint : artiko; kunigxo.
+joist : trabo.
+joke : sxerci.
+journal : jxurnalo; taglibro.
+journey : vojagx'i, -o; veturi.
+joy : gxoj'o. be --ful, -i.
+jubilee : jubileo.
+judgment : jugxo.
+judicious : prudenta, sagxa.
+jug : krucxo.
+juggle : jxongli.
+juice : suko.
+jump : salti.
+jury : jugxantaro, jxurintaro.
+juryman : jxurinto.
+just : justa; gxuste; (time) jxus.
+justify : pravigi.
+
+ === K ===
+
+keel : kilo.
+keep : teni, gardi, konservi.
+kernel : kerno.
+kettle : kaldrono, bolilo.
+key : sxlosilo, (piano) klavo.
+kick : piedfrapi.
+kidney : reno.
+kill : mortigi, bucxi, senvivigi.
+kind : speco; afabla, bonkora
+kingdom : regno, regxlando.
+kingfisher : alciono.
+kiss : kisi.
+knapsack : tornistro.
+knave : fripono; (cards) lakeo.
+knead : knedi.
+knee : genuo.
+kneel : genufleksi.
+knife : trancxilo.
+knight : kavaliro.
+knit : triki.
+knock : frapi.
+knot : nodo, (in wood) lignotubero
+know : (--"a fact"), scii; (as a person) koni.
+knuckle : fingroartiko; (hock) poplito.
+
+ === L ===
+
+label : surskribeto, etiketo.
+lace : punto; pasamento; ("boot"--), lacxo.
+lacquer : lako.
+ladder : sxtupetaro.
+ladle : cxerp'i, -ilo.
+ladybird : kokcinelo.
+lagoon : laguno.
+lair : bestkusxejo, nestego.
+lake : lago; lakrugxo.
+lame : kripla. to be--, lami.
+lamp : lampo, lanterno, (-"wick") mecxo.
+land : lando; tero; surterigxi.
+landscape : pejzagxo, vidajxo.
+language : lingv'o, -ajxo.
+lapwing : vanelo.
+larch : lariko.
+lard : lardi; porkograso.
+lark : alauxdo.
+last : lasta, fina; dauxri; ("boot"-) botosxtipo.
+lath : lato.
+lathe : tornilo.
+lattice : krad'o, -ajxo; latajxo.
+laurel : lauxro.
+lava : lafo.
+lavender : lavendo.
+law : legxo; juro, (-suit) proceso.
+lawn : batisto; herbejeto.
+lay : meti; (eggs) demeti; laika.
+layer : tavolo; (plants) markoti.
+lead : konduki.
+lead : plumbo. "black"--, grafito.
+leaf : folio, paperfolio.
+league : ligo.
+leak : traflueti.
+lean : klini. --"on", sin apogi sur; malgrasa.
+leap year : superjaro.
+learn : lerni, sciigxi pri.
+learned : klera, instruita.
+leather : ledo.
+leave : lasi, forlasi; deiri; testamenti; restigi.
+lecture : parolad'o, -i; prelego.
+leech : hirudo.
+leek : poreo.
+leg : kruro, (of fowl, etc.) femuro.
+legacy : heredajxo, testamentajxo.
+legend : legendo, fabelo.
+legitimate : rajta, lauxlegxa.
+lemon : citrono.
+lemonade : limonado.
+lend : pruntedoni.
+lentil : lento.
+leprosy : lepro.
+lesson : leciono.
+let : lasi, permesi; (a house) luigi
+lettuce : laktuko.
+level : ebena; nivel'o, -ilo.
+lever : levilo.
+liberal : liberal'a, -ulo.
+library : biblioteko.
+lichen : likeno.
+lick : leki.
+lie : kusxi, ("tell a"--) mensogi.
+life : vivo, vigleco.
+lift : levi, levilo, lifto, elevatoro.
+light : lum'i, -o; (ek)lumigi, malpeza.
+like : simila; kiel; sxati.
+likely : versxajne, kredeble.
+lilac : siringo.
+lily : lilio; (of the valley) konvalo.
+lime : kalko; (tree) tilio.
+limit : lim'o, -igi.
+limp : lami, lameti.
+line : linio; subsxtofi.
+linen : tolo, linajxo, (washing) tolajxo.
+linnet : kanabeno.
+lint : cxarpio.
+lip : lipo.
+liquid : fluid'a, -ajxo.
+liquidate : likvidi.
+liqueur : likvoro.
+liquorice : glicirizo.
+list : tabelo, nomaro, listo, katalogo, registro.
+literal : lauxlitera, lauxvorta.
+literature : literaturo; ("polite"--) beletristiko.
+live : vivi, logxi.
+liver : hepato.
+livery : livreo.
+lizard : lacerto.
+load : sxargx'i, -o; "--a gun" sxargi
+loaf : pano, panbulo.
+lobby : vestiblo.
+lobster : omaro.
+local : loka, tiea, regiona.
+lock : sxlosi; seruro; (hair) tufo; (canal) kluzo.
+locust : akrido.
+log : sxtipo, bloko.
+loins : lumbo.
+lonely : sol'a, -eca, -ula.
+long : longa. "--for," sopiri pri.
+look : aspekto, mieno. "--at," rigardi. "--for," sercxi.
+ "--after," zorgi pri, varti.
+loop : masxo.
+Lord : "(the--)" Sinjoro, "(a--)" nobelo.
+lose : perdi, malgajni, (clock) malrapidi.
+lots : (cast), loti.
+lottery : loterio.
+loud : lauxta.
+love : ami. "make--," amindumi.
+loyal : lojala, fidela.
+lozenge : pastelo, "--shape" lozangxo.
+luck : felicxo, sxanco, sorto.
+lucky : felicxa.
+luggage : pakajxoj.
+lull : luli; trankviligi.
+lamp : bulo, maso, sxvelajxo.
+long : pulmo.
+lupin : lupeno.
+luxury : lukso.
+lynch : lincxi.
+lynx : linko.
+lyre : liro.
+lyric : lirika.
+
+ === M ===
+
+machine : masxino.
+mackerel : skombro.
+mad : freneza, rabia.
+magic : magio.
+magnanimous : grandanima
+magpie : pigo.
+mahogany : mahagono.
+majesty : majesto, Mosxto.
+major : (milit.), majoro.
+majority : plimulto; plenagxo.
+make : fari, -igi; fabriki.
+male : vira, virseksa.
+malicious : malica.
+mallow : malvo; "(marsh--)" alteo.
+malt : malto.
+mammal : mambesto.
+manage : administri, "(--a house)" mastrumi.
+mane : kolharoj.
+mange : favo, skabio.
+mania : manio.
+manna : manao.
+manner : maniero; tenigxo, mieno.
+manners : moroj.
+manoeuvre : manovro.
+mantle : mantelo.
+manufacture : fabriki, manufakturo.
+manure : sterko.
+manuscript : manuskripto.
+map : karto, geografikarto.
+maple : acero.
+marble : marmoro; globeto.
+march : marsxi.
+marigold : kalendulo.
+mark : sign'o, -i; mark'o.
+market : vendejo, foiro, komercejo.
+marl : kalkargilo.
+marrow : ostocerbo, "(vegetable--)" kukurbeto.
+marry : edz (in) -igi, -igxi.
+marsh : marcxo.
+martyr : martiro, suferanto.
+mask : masko.
+mason : masonisto. "free--," framosono.
+mass : amaso, (church) meso.
+mast : masto.
+master : mastro, majstro.
+mastiff : korthundo, dogo,
+mat : mato.
+match : alumeto; parigi.
+matchmaker : svatist'o, -ino.
+material : sxtofo, materialo.
+mattress : matraco.
+mayor : urbestro.
+meadow : herbejo.
+meal : faruno; "(a--)" mangxo.
+mean : celi diri; signifi; malnobla.
+meaning : signifo, senco.
+means : rimedo. "by--of," per.
+measles : morbilo.
+measure : mezuri; (music) takto.
+meat : viando.
+mechanic : mehxanikisto, metiisto
+meddle : enmiksigxi.
+medicine : (a), kuracilo, medikamento, (science) medicine.
+meditate : mediti.
+medium : meza; (a), mediumo.
+meek : modesta, kvieta.
+meet : renkonti, -igxi; kunveni.
+melody : melodio.
+melt : fluid'igxi, -igi, (metals) fandi.
+memory : memoro.
+mend : ripari, (patch) fliki.
+mental : spirita, intelekta, cerba.
+merchant : komercisto, negocisto.
+mercy : kompato, indulge, korfavoreco.
+merry : gaja; "(to be--)" gaji.
+mesh : masxo, -ajxo.
+Messiah : Mesio.
+metal : metalo.
+method : metodo.
+middle : mezo.
+midwife : akusxistino.
+mignonette : resedo.
+migrate : migri.
+mild : milda, neforta, kvieta
+mile : mejlo.
+military : milita.
+milk : lakto, melki.
+mind : spirito, animo; intelekto atenti, zorgi pri, ne ofendigxi
+mine : mini, subfosi; mia.
+mineral : mineralo.
+minister : pastro, (polit.) ministro.
+mint : mento.
+minutes : (of meeting, etc.), protokolo.
+miracle : miraklo.
+mirror : spegulo.
+misery : mizero.
+mission : misio.
+mistake : erar'o, -i.
+mistletoe : visko.
+mite : akaro.
+mix : miksi.
+mob : popolamaso, popolacxo, fipopolo, kanajlaro.
+mock : moki.
+model : modelo.
+moderate : modera.
+modern : moderna.
+modest : modesta.
+molasses : melaso, sukerrestajxo.
+mole : talpo; digo.
+molest : gxeni, sin altrudi al.
+monarch : monarhxo.
+money : mono, "-order," posxtmandato.
+mongrel : hibrida.
+monk : monahxo.
+monkey : simio.
+monster : monstro.
+mood : modo.
+moor : stepo, erikejo; "(--a ship)" alligi.
+moral : morala, bonmora.
+mortar : mortero, "(a--)" pistujo.
+mortgage : hipoteko.
+mortify : cxagreni; gangrenigxi.
+mortification : (med.), gangrene.
+mosaic : mozaiko.
+mosquito : moskito.
+moss : musko.
+moth : ("clothes"--), tineo.
+motive : motivo.
+motto : devizo, moto.
+mould : model'i, -ilo; tero, sximo.
+mound : altajxeto, remparo, digo.
+mourn : funebri. "-ing," funebra vesto.
+move : mov'i, -igxi.
+movement : movo, movado.
+mow : falcxi.
+mud : koto, sxlimo.
+muddle : fusxi; konfuzi.
+muff : mufo.
+mug : pokaleto.
+mulberry : moruso.
+mule : mulo.
+mummy : mumo.
+murmur : murmuri.
+muscle : muskolo.
+museum : muzeo.
+mushroom : fungo, agariko.
+muslin : muslino.
+mussel : mitulo.
+must : devi.
+mustard : mustardo, ("-plant"), sinapo.
+mutual : reciproka.
+myriad : miriado.
+mystery : mistero.
+myth : mito.
+
+ === N ===
+
+nail : najli; (of finger, etc.) ungo.
+naive : naiva.
+naked : nuda.
+nape : nuko.
+nation : nacio.
+native : enlanda, indigxena; (--"land") patrujo.
+nature : naturo.
+nausea : nauxzo.
+nave : (church) navo; (of wheel) aksingo.
+navigable : sxipirebla.
+near : proksima; apud.
+neat : pura, bonorda.
+necktie : kravato.
+nectar : nektaro.
+need : bezoni.
+neglect : ne zorgi pri, preterlasi, malatenti.
+negociate : negoci.
+neighbour : najbaro, proksimulo. "--hood," cxirkauxajxo.
+neither : nek.
+nerve : nervo.
+net : reto; tulo.
+nettle : urtiko.
+neuter : neuxtra.
+neutral : neuxtrala.
+news : sciigo, novajxo. "--paper," jxurnalo, gazeto.
+next : plejproksima, sekvanta.
+niche : nicxo.
+nightingale : najtingalo.
+noble : nobla. "-man," nobelo.
+nod : signodoni.
+noise : bruo.
+nonsense : sensencajxo.
+noon : tagmezo.
+noose : masxo.
+nor : nek.
+normal : norma, normala.
+north : nordo.
+note : not'i, -o, rimark'i, -o, (music) noto, tono.
+notice : rimarki, noti, avizo.
+nought : nulo, nenio.
+nourish : nutri.
+novel : romano.
+novice : novico, novulo.
+now : nun, nuntempe.
+numb : rigida.
+number : (quantity) nombro; (No.) numero; numeri.
+nurse : (a child) varti, (the sick) flegi.
+nurseling : sucxinfano.
+nut : nukso, (of screw) sxrauxbingo.
+nutmeg : muskato.
+nymph : nimfo.
+
+ === O ===
+
+oak : kverko.
+oakum : stupo.
+oasis : oazo.
+oath : (legal) juro; blasfemo.
+oatmeal : grio, avenfaruno.
+oats : aveno.
+object : objekto, ajxo, (aim) celo.
+oblige : devigi; fari komplezon.
+observe : rimarki; vidi, observi.
+obstinate : obstina.
+obstruct : bari, obstrukci.
+obtain : ricevi, akiri, havigi al si.
+occasion : okazo, okazigi.
+occur : okazi.
+octopus : okpiedulo.
+off : for, de.
+offend : ofendi.
+offence : ofendo, kulpo, peko.
+offer : propono.
+office : ofico, oficejo, kontoro.
+officer : oficisto, (milit.) oficiro.
+officiate : funkcii; dejxori; servi kiel.
+offspring : ido, idaro.
+often : ofte.
+oil : oleo. "-cloth," vakstolo.
+ointment : sxmirajxo.
+olive : olivo.
+omnibus : omnibuso.
+omnipotent : cxiopova.
+omniscient : cxioscia.
+once : unufoje, iam, foje.
+onion : bulbo.
+only : nur, sola.
+ooze : traguteti; sxlimo.
+open : malferm'i, -a.
+opera : opero. "-glass," lorneto.
+operate : funkciigi; (med.) operacii.
+opinion : opinio; ("be of--"), opinii.
+opium : opio.
+opportunity : okazo.
+oppress : subpremi.
+or : aux.
+oracle : orakolo.
+orange : orangx'o, -kolora.
+orbit : orbito.
+orchard : fruktarbejo.
+orchestra : orkestro.
+orchid : orkideo.
+order : ordo; klaso; ordoni; mendi; (postal) posxtmandato,
+ (decoration) ordeno.
+ore : minajxo, mineralo, metalo.
+organ : organo, -ilo; (music) orgeno.
+organic : organika.
+organise : organizi.
+origin : deveno, origino.
+original : original'a, -o.
+ornament : ornamo; garnituro.
+orphan : orf'o, -ino.
+oscillate : balancigxi, pendoli.
+osier : salikajxo.
+ostentation : fanfaronade, parado.
+ostrich : struto.
+other : alia, cetera.
+ought : devus.
+ounce : unco.
+outlaw : proskripcii.
+outlay : elspezo.
+outlet : defluejo, elirejo.
+outline : konturo, skizo.
+outrage : perfort'ajxo, -i.
+oval : ovalo, ovoforma.
+oven : forno.
+overall : kitelo, supervesto.
+overcoat : palto.
+overlook : esplori, pardoni, malatenti.
+overseer : laborestro, kontrolisto, vokto.
+overtake : kuratingi.
+overturn : renversi.
+owe : sxuldi.
+owing to : pro, kauxze de.
+owl : strigo, gufo.
+own : propra; posedi; konfesi.
+ox : bovo.
+oyster : ostro.
+
+ === P ===
+
+pack : paki. "--up," enpaki.
+pad : sxvelajxo, pufo; remburi.
+pagan : idol'isto, -ano.
+page : pagxo; (boy) lakeeto; (noble) pagxio.
+pail : sitelo.
+pain : dolor'o, -i; igi. "take--s," peni.
+paint : pentri, kolori; "-brush," peniko.
+pair : paro.
+pale : pala; malhela.
+paling : palisaro.
+palm : palmo, manplato.
+palpitation : korbatado.
+pan : tervazo. "sauce-", kaserolo; "frying-," pato.
+pane : vitrajxo.
+pansy : violo trikolora, trikoloreto.
+paper : papero. "wall-," tapeto.
+parable : komparajxo, alegorio.
+parade : parado, pompo.
+paragraph : paragrafo.
+parchment : pergameno.
+parish : parohxo.
+park : parko.
+parliament : parlamento.
+parrot : papago.
+parsley : petroselo.
+parson : pastro.
+particular : speciala, aparta.
+partridge : perdriko.
+party : (polit.) partio; festeto; aro.
+pass : pasi, pasigi.
+passage : trairejo, vojagxo.
+passion : pasio; manio; kolerego.
+past : estinta, pasinta.
+paste : pasto.
+pastry : pastecxo.
+pasture : pasxti, pasxtejo.
+patch : fliki.
+path : vojeto.
+pathetic : kortusxa.
+patience : pacienco.
+patriot : patrioto.
+pattern : modelo, desegno.
+pause : halteti, pauxzi.
+pave : pavimi.
+paw : piedego.
+pawn : garantie doni; (chess) soldato.
+pay : pagi; salajro.
+pea : pizo.
+peace : paco.
+peach : persiko.
+peacock : pavo.
+peak : pinto.
+pear : piro.
+pearl : perlo.
+pedal : pedalo.
+pedestal : piedestalo.
+peel : sxelo, sensxeligi.
+pen : plumo, skribilo.
+pencil : krajono, ("slate"--) grifelo; ("hair"--) peniko.
+pendulum : pendolo.
+penetrate : penetri
+peninsula : duoninsulo.
+pension : pensio.
+people : homoj, (a--) popolo.
+pepper : pipro.
+percentage : procento.
+perch : (fish) percxo.
+perfect : perfekta.
+perhaps : eble.
+period : periodo.
+perish : perei.
+persecute : persekuti, turmenti.
+persist : persisti, dauxri.
+person : persono.
+pestle : pistilo.
+petroleum : petrolo.
+petulant : petola, incitigxema.
+pewter : stanplumbo.
+phantom : fantomo, apero.
+phase : fazo.
+pheasant : fazano.
+phenomenon : fenomeno.
+philanthropist : filantropo.
+philanthropy : filantropio.
+phrase : frazo, frazero.
+piano : fortepiano.
+pickaxe : pikfosilo, piocxo.
+pickle : pekli.
+picture : bildo, pentrajxo; prezenti, ilustri.
+pie : pastecxo.
+pig : porko. "guinea-", kobajo.
+pike : (fish), ezoko.
+pilgrimage : ("go on--"), pilgrimi.
+pill : pilolo.
+pillow : kapkuseno.
+pilot : pilot'o, -i; gvidi.
+pimpernel : anagalo.
+pimple : akno.
+pin : pinglo, pinglefiksi.
+pincers : prenilo.
+pinch : pincxi.
+pine : pino; konsumigxi. "-apple," ananaso.
+pink : rozkolora; dianto.
+pioneer : pioniro.
+pipe : tubo, pipo; (mus.) sxalmo.
+pistol : pistol'o, -eto.
+piston : pisxto.
+pit : kavo, fosajxo, (well) puto; (theatre) partero.
+pitch : pecxo, bitumo; tono.
+pitcher : krucxo.
+pity : kompati. ("a-"), domagxo.
+pivot : pivoto, akso.
+placard : afisxo,
+place : loko; meti.
+plague : turmenti, inciteti; pesto.
+plait : plekti, har'ligo, -plektajxo,
+plan : plano, projekto, skizo.
+plane : rabot'i, -ilo; ("--tree") platano.
+planet : planedo.
+plank : tabulo.
+plant : kreskajxo; planti.
+plash : plauxdi.
+plaster : plastro; (of Paris) gipso.
+plate : telero; (photo) klisxajxo.
+platform : estrado; platajxo; perono, trotuaro.
+play : ludi; teatrajxo. "-ful", petola.
+please : placxi al, kontentigi.
+pleasant : afabla, agrabla.
+pledge : garantiajxo.
+pliable : fleksebla.
+plot : konspir'i, -o; intrig'i, -o.
+plough : plug'i, -ilo.
+plum : pruno.
+plumber : plumbisto.
+plural : multenombro.
+plush : plusxo.
+pocket : posxo, enposxigi.
+pod : sxelo.
+poem : poemo.
+poet : poeto.
+poetry : poezio, versajxo.
+point : punkto; (cards) poento; (tip) pinto.
+poison : veneno.
+poker : fajrinstigilo.
+pole : stango; (of car) timono; (geog.) poluso.
+polecat : putoro.
+police : police, (--"court") jugxejo.
+policy : politiko.
+polish : poluri.
+politics : politiko.
+pompous : pompa.
+poodle : pudelo.
+poor : malricxa, kompatinda.
+pope : papo.
+poplar : poplo.
+poppy : papavo. -"coloured", punca
+popular : populara.
+porcelain : porcelano.
+porcupine : histriko.
+porous : pora, truajxa.
+porpoise : fokeno.
+porridge : kacxo.
+port : haveno.
+porter : portisto, pordisto.
+portion : parto, (ration) porcio,
+portmanteau : valizo.
+position : pozicio, situacio.
+positive : pozitiva, definitiva.
+possess : posedi, havi
+possible : ebla.
+post : stango, fosto; ofico. "letter"--, posxto.
+postage : postelspezo, (stamp) posxtmarko.
+posture : tenigxo, pozo, pozicio.
+potato : terpomo.
+potent : potenca.
+poultice : kataplasmo.
+poultry : kortbirdoj.
+pound : funto, (money) funto sterlinga; pisti.
+pour : versxi (liquids), sxuti.
+powder : pulvoro. "gun"-, pulvo; ("face"--) pudro.
+power : povo, potenco.
+practise : sin ekzerci; (profession) praktiki.
+praise : lauxdi, glori.
+pray : pregxi, peti.
+preach : prediki.
+precaution : antauxzorgo.
+precious : altvalora, karega
+precipice : krutegajxo; profundegajxo.
+precise : preciza, gxusta.
+prefer : preferi.
+prefix : prefiks'i, -o.
+pregnant : graveda.
+prejudice : antauxjugxo.
+premium : premio.
+prepare : prepari, pretigi.
+prescription : recepto.
+present : (be), apudesti, cxeesti; (gift) donaco.
+present : prezenti, donaci.
+preserve : konservi, konfito.
+preside : prezidi.
+press : premi; gazetaro, jxurnalaro.
+pretend : preteksti, sxajnigi.
+price : prezo, kosto.
+prick : piki.
+primrose : primolo.
+principle : principo.
+print : presi; gravurajxo.
+prison : malliberejo.
+private : privata, konfidencia.
+privilege : privilegio.
+prize : premio; sxati.
+probable : kredebla.
+problem : problemo.
+proboscis : rostro.
+process : proceso.
+procession : procesio.
+proclaim : proklami.
+profession : profesio.
+professor : profesoro
+profit : profito, gajno.
+progress : progreso.
+pronounce : elparoli.
+proof : pruvo, provo, presprovajxo.
+proper : gxusta, konvena, deca.
+prophesy : profeti, antauxdiri.
+proportion : proporcio.
+propose : proponi.
+prosecute : persekuti, procesi kontraux.
+protect : protekti, sxirmi.
+protest : protesti.
+proud : fiera.
+provide : provizi.
+provoke : inciti, kolerigi.
+prudent : singardema.
+public : publika, komuna.
+puff : pufo. --"up," sxvel'i, -igi.
+pug : mopso.
+pull : tiri.
+pulley : rulbloko.
+pulp : molajxo.
+pump : pump'i, -ilo.
+pumice-stone : pumiko.
+pupil : lernanto; (of eye) pupilo.
+pure : pura, virta.
+purple : purpura.
+purpose : cel'i, -o; intenci.
+push : pusxi; (along) sxovi.
+put : meti. --"off", prokrasti. --"aside", apartigi.
+putrid : putra.
+puzzle : enigmo.
+
+ === Q ===
+
+quadruped : kvarpiedulo.
+quail : koturno.
+Quaker : kvakero.
+quality : kvalito, eco.
+quantity : kvanto, kiomo.
+quarry : sxtonminejo.
+quarter : kvarono, (district) kvartalo.
+quay : kajo, en (el) sxipigejo.
+question : demandi, dubi.
+quick : rapida, "-en," akceli.
+quicksilver : hidrargo.
+quiet : kvieta, trankvila.
+quinine : kinino.
+quinsy : angino.
+quite : tute.
+quits : kvitaj.
+quorum : kvorumo.
+quote : citi.
+
+ === R ===
+
+rabbit : kuniklo.
+race : raso, gento; vetkuri.
+radish : rafaneto. "horse-," rafano.
+raft : floso.
+rag : cxifono.
+rail : relo. "-way," fervojo. "-way station," stacidomo.
+rainbow : cxielarko.
+raisin : sekvinbero.
+rake : rast'i, -ilo.
+rampart : remparo.
+rancid : ranca.
+rank : vico, grado, rango.
+raspberry : frambo.
+rat : rato.
+rate : procento, --"of," po.
+rattle : kraketi. "-snake," sonserpento.
+raven : korvo.
+raw : kruda, nekuirita.
+reach : atingi, trafi.
+ready : preta. "-money," kontanto.
+real : vera, reala, efektiva.
+ream : rismo.
+reap : rikolti.
+reason : (cause) kauxzo, (faculty) prudento; rezoni.
+reasonable : prudenta.
+rebel : ribeli.
+receipt : kvitanco, ricevo.
+receipts : enspezoj.
+receive : ricevi, akcepti.
+recipe : recepto, formulo.
+recite : deklami.
+recruit : rekruto; varbi.
+refer to : sin turni al.
+refine : rafini.
+refuge : (take) rifugx'i, -ejo.
+refuse : rifuzi; forjxetajxo, rubo.
+register : registri, enskribi.
+regularly : akurate, regule.
+reign : regxi; regxado, regxeco.
+relate : rakonti; rilati al.
+relation : parenco; rilato.
+religion : religio.
+remain : resti.
+remedy : kuracilo, rimedo.
+remember : memori.
+remove : translogx'igxi, -igi.
+rent : luprezo.
+repeat : ripeti, rediri.
+repent : penti.
+report : raporti; famo; (official) protokolo.
+represent : reprezenti.
+reptile : rampajxo.
+republic : respubliko.
+repugnance : antipatio.
+require : bezoni, postuli.
+resemble : simili.
+reserve : rezervi.
+resign : eksigxi.
+resignation : resignacio; eksigxo.
+resin : rezino. "-wood," keno.
+resolve : decid'i, -o; solvi.
+respect : respekti.
+responsible : (for), responda pri.
+rest : pauxzo, restajxo, kvieteco, ripozo, apogi.
+restaurant : restoracio.
+result : rezulti; sekvo; rezultato.
+retail : detale, pomalgrande.
+revenge : vengx'o, -i.
+revolution : revolucio.
+reward : rekompenco, premio.
+rhubarb : rabarbo.
+rhyme : rim'i, -o.
+rhythm : ritmo.
+rib : ripo.
+ribbon : rubando.
+rice : rizo.
+riddle : kribrilo; enigmo.
+right : ("--hand") dekstra; ("legal--") rajto; (straight) rekta;
+ (correct) prava.
+righteous : justa, pia.
+ring : ringo, rondo; sonorigi.
+ringworm : favo.
+rinse : gargari, laveti.
+riot : tumulto.
+rise : levigxi, supreniri, deveni.
+risk : riski.
+road : vojo, strato. "-stead," rodo.
+roar : (winds and waves) mugxi.
+roast : rost'i, -ajxo.
+rob : rabi.
+robe : vesto, robo.
+robust : fortika.
+rock : sxtonego, roko; balanci, luli.
+rod : vergo. "fishing-," hokfadeno.
+rogue : fripono, kanajlo.
+roll : rul'i, -igxi; kunvolvajxo, (bread) bulko.
+roof : tegmento.
+rook : frugilego.
+root : radik'o, enradiki.
+rope : sxnurego.
+rot : putri.
+round : ronda; cxirkaux.
+rouse : eksciti, veki.
+row : vico; remi.
+rubbish : rubo, forjxetajxo.
+ruby : rubeno.
+rudder : direktilo.
+rue : ruto; bedauxregi, penti.
+ruin : ruin'o, -igi.
+rule : regi, regado; regulo.
+ruler : registo; liniilo.
+rumour : famo.
+run : kuri; flui.
+rapture : rompo; hernio.
+ruse : ruzo.
+rush : junko; kuregi.
+rust : rusti.
+rut : radkavo, radsigno.
+rye : sekalo.
+
+ === S ===
+
+sable : zibelo.
+sacrifice : ofero.
+saddle : selo.
+sagacious : sagaca.
+sage : salvio; sagxa.
+sail : velo; nagxi.
+salad : salato.
+salmon : salmo.
+salt : salo, "--meat," peklajxo.
+saltpetre : salpetro, nitro.
+same : sama.
+sample : specimeno,
+sanction : sankcii.
+sap : suko.
+sapphire : safiro.
+sarcasm : sarkasmo.
+sardine : sardelo.
+sated (to be) : sati.
+satin : atlaso.
+saturate : saturi.
+sauce : sauxco, "-pan," kaserolo.
+saucer : subtaso.
+sausage : kolbaso.
+save : savi, sxpari; krom.
+savoury : bongusta.
+scaffold : esxafodo; trabajxo.
+scald : brogi.
+scale : skalo, (fish) skvamo; tarifo.
+scales : pesilo.
+scandal : skandalo.
+scar : cikatro.
+scarf : skarpo.
+scarlet : skarlato.
+scene : vidajxo, sceno.
+scenery : pejzajxo.
+scent : odoro, parfumo; flari.
+scissors : tondilo.
+scold : riprocxi, mallauxdi.
+scorpion : skorpio.
+scoundrel : kanajlo.
+scour : frotlavi;
+scourge : skurgxi.
+scrape : skrapi, raspi.
+scratch : grati.
+screen : sxirm'i, -ilo.
+screw : sxrauxbo.
+scrupulous : konscienca, skrupula.
+sculpture : skulpti.
+scum : sxauxmo.
+scurvy : skorbuto.
+seal : sigel'i, -o, (animal) foko.
+seaside : marbordo.
+season : sezono; spici.
+seasonable : gxustatempa.
+secret : sekreta, kasxita.
+secretary : sekretario.
+section : sekcio.
+secular : monda.
+sedentary : hejmsida, sida.
+sediment : fecxo.
+seed : semo.
+seem : sxajni.
+seemly : deca.
+seize : ekkapti.
+select : elekti, elelekti.
+selfish : egoista.
+semicolon : punktokomo.
+semolina : tritikajxo.
+send : sendi, (--"for") venigi.
+sensation : sensacio,
+sense : sento, senco.
+sensitive : sentema.
+sensual : volupta.
+sentence : frazo, jugxo, verdikto.
+sentiment : sento, opinio.
+sentimental : sentimentala.
+separate : apart'a, -igi, disigi, malkunigi.
+serfdom : servuto.
+sergeant : sergxento.
+series : serio.
+serious : serioza.
+serve : servi, (--"for") tauxgi.
+service : servo, mangxilaro, Diservo.
+serviette : busxtuko,
+set : meti, (--"on edge") agaci.
+sew : kudri, stebi.
+sewing machine : stebilo.
+sex : sekso.
+shade : ombro, ombrajxo, nuanco
+shadow : ombro.
+shaft : (of vehicle) timono; (pit) sxakto.
+shake : sxanceli, skui; tremi.
+shame : hont'o, -igi.
+share : dividi, partopreni; parto; porcio; akcio.
+shark : sxarko.
+sharp : akra, acida, pinta, pika.
+shatter : frakasi.
+shawl : sxalo.
+sheaf : garbo.
+shear : tondi.
+shed : budo.
+sheet : drapo, lit-tuko, tavolo.
+shelf : breto.
+shell : konko, sxelo, bombo.
+shelter : sxirmilo, rifugxejo,
+shield : sxildo, sxirmi.
+shin : tibio.
+shirt : cxemizo.
+shock : skueg'i, -o.
+shop : butiko, magazeno.
+shoulder : sxultro,-"blade", skapolo
+shovel : sxovel'i, -ilo.
+show : montri; parado.
+shrill : sibla.
+shrivel : sulkigxi.
+shrimp : markankreto.
+shroud : mortkitelo; kasxi.
+sick : ("be"--), vomi.
+siege : siegxo, "be"-, siegxi.
+sift : kribri.
+sigh : sopiri, ekgxemi.
+sight : vidado, vidajxo.
+sign : signo, subskribi.
+signal : signalo.
+silent : silenta.
+silk : silko.
+sill : sojlo.
+silver : argxento.
+simple : simpla, naiva.
+since : de kiam, cxar, tial ke.
+sinew : tendeno.
+situation : situacio, sido, ofico.
+size : grandeco, amplekso; for mato; glueto
+skate : glit'i, -ilo; (fish) rajo.
+skeleton : skeleto.
+sketch : skizi.
+skilful : lerta.
+skin : hauxto, felo.
+skirt : jupo.
+skittles : keglo.
+skull : kranio.
+slander : kalumnii.
+slanting : oblikva.
+slate : ardezo. -"s", tegmentajxo.
+slave : sklavo.
+sleeve : maniko.
+slipper : pantoflo.
+slime : sxlimo.
+sloe : prunelo.
+slope : deklivo.
+sluice : kluzo.
+sly : ruza, kasxema.
+smallpox : variolo.
+smart : eleganta; doloreti.
+smear : sxmiri.
+smell : flari, odori.
+smelt : fandi.
+smock : kitelo.
+smoke : fumi, (fish, etc.) fumajxi.
+smooth : glata, ebena.
+smother : sufoki.
+smuggle : kontrabandi.
+snail : heliko.
+snake : serpento.
+sneeze : terni.
+snore : ronki.
+snowdrop : galanto.
+so : tiel, tiamaniere. "--much", tiom.
+soak : trempi.
+soap : sap'o, -umi.
+sober : sobra, serioza.
+social : sociala.
+society : socio, societo.
+socket : ingo.
+sod : bulo.
+soda : sodo.
+sofa : sofo, kanapo.
+soft : mola, delikata.
+soil : tero.
+solder : luti.
+soldier : soldato, militisto.
+sole : sola; (fish) soleo; (foot) plando; (boot) ledplando.
+solemn : solena.
+solfa : notkanti.
+solicitor : advokato.
+solid : fortika; solida, malfluida.
+solidarity : solidareco.
+sonorous : sonora.
+soot : fulgo.
+sorcery : sorcxo.
+sorry (be) : bedauxri.
+sort : speco.
+soul : animo.
+sound : son'o, -i; sondi.
+soup : supo.
+sour : acida, malgaja.
+source : fonto, deveno.
+south : sudo.
+space : spaco; (of time) dauxro
+sparrow : pasero. "-hawk", akcipitro.
+spawn : fraj'o, -i; fisxosemo
+spear : lanco, ponardego
+special : speciala.
+spectacles : okulvitroj.
+speculate : spekulacii, teoriigi, konjekti.
+spell : silabi; sorcxajxo.
+spend : elspezi.
+sphere : sfero.
+sphinx : sfinkso.
+spice : spico.
+spill : disversxi, dissxuti.
+spin : sxpini.
+spinach : spinaco.
+spiral : helikforma.
+spirii : spirito; energio; fantomo; alkoholo.
+spit : kracxi; sputi.
+spite : malamo, vengxo, ("in--of") malgraux; spite.
+splash : sxpruci; plauxdi.
+spleen : lieno; spleno
+split : fendi, spliti.
+spoil : difekti, malbonigi; ruinigi; akiro.
+spoke : (wheel), radio.
+sponge : spongo.
+spontaneous : propra'mova, -vola.
+spot : makulo.
+spout : sxpruci.
+sprain : tordi, distordo
+spread : disvast'igi' -igxi; etendi, sterni.
+spring : printempo, fonto, risorto, salti.
+sprinkle : sxpruci, aspergi.
+spur : sprono.
+spy : spioni; esplori.
+squadron : skadro, eskadro.
+square : kvadrato; rektangulilo; placo.
+squint : strabi.
+squirrel : sciuro.
+staff : (officers), stabo.
+stage : estrado, scenejo.
+stain : makul'o, -i.
+stair : sxtupo.
+stake : paliso, fosto; veto.
+stalk : trunketo.
+stall : budo, stalo.
+stammer : balbuti.
+stamp : stampi; posxtmarko; piedfrapi.
+starch : amelo.
+starling : sturno.
+state : stato; Sxtato; esprimi, diri, aserti.
+station : stacio, stacidomo.
+steak : bifsteko.
+steel : sxtalo.
+steep : kruta; trempi.
+steer : direkti, piloti.
+step : sxtupo; pasxi.
+steppe : stepo.
+steward : intendanto.
+stick : bastono, glui,(--"bills") afisxi.
+stiff : rigida.
+still : kvieta; ankoraux, tamen.
+stimulate : stimuli.
+sting : piki.
+stipulate : kondicxi.
+stock : provizi.
+stocks : rentoj.
+stocking : sxtrumpo.
+stoker : hejtisto.
+stomach : stomako.
+stone : sxtono, (of fruit) grajno.
+stool : skabelo, benketo.
+stoop : kurbigxi.
+stop : halt'i, -igi; resti, pauxzi; ("full"--) punkto; sxtopi.
+stopper : sxtopilo.
+store : magazeno; tenejo; proviz'o, -i.
+stork : cikonio.
+storm : ventego.
+story : rakonto, fabelo; etagxo.
+stout : dika.
+strain : strecxi; filtri, kribri.
+strait : markolo; embarasajxo.
+strange : stranga, kurioza, fremda.
+strap : rimeno.
+straw : pajlo.
+strawberry : frago.
+streak : strio, strek'i, -o.
+stretch : strecxi.
+stretcher : homportilo.
+strict : severa.
+strike : frapi; striko.
+strip : strio; (--"off") senigi je.
+strong : forta, fortika.
+struggle : barakti; batali.
+student : studento, lernanto, studanto.
+stuff : sxtofo; remburi.
+stupid : stulta, malsprita.
+stupor : letargio.
+sturgeon : sturgo.
+style : stilo; modo.
+subject : objekto; temo; (gram.) subjekto.
+subscribe : (to journal) aboni; (to society) kotizi; (sign) subskribi;
+ (money) monoferi.
+substance : sxtofo, substanco.
+succeed : sukcesi; sekvi.
+suck : sucxi.
+suckle : mamnutri.
+sudden : subita, abrupta,
+suet : rensebo.
+suffer : suferi, toleri.
+sufficient : suficxa. "be"--, -i
+suffrage : vocxdonrajto.
+suggest : proponi, inspiri, pensigi.
+suit : konveni; tauxgi.
+suitable : deca, konvena, tauxga.
+sum : sumo. --"up", resumi.
+summer : somero. -"house", lauxbo.
+summon : kunvoki, procesi.
+superfluity : superfluo, tromulto.
+superintendent : intendanto.
+superior : supera.
+superstition : supersticxo.
+supple : fleksebla.
+support : subteni.
+suppose : supozi, konjekti.
+sure : certa
+surface : suprajxo.
+surgeon : hxirurgo.
+surgery : hxirurgio.
+surprise : mir'o, -igi, ("take by"--) surprizi.
+surrender : cedi, kapitulaci.
+survey : termezuri.
+susceptible : impresema.
+suspect : suspekti.
+swaddle : vindi.
+swagger : fanfaroni.
+swallow : hirundo; gluti.
+swan : cigno.
+swear : jxuri; blasfemi.
+sweat : sxviti.
+sweep : balai.
+swell : sxveli.
+swing : balanc'i, -igxi; svingi.
+sword : glavo, spado.
+sycamore : sikomoro.
+syllable : silabo.
+syllabus : temaro.
+symbol : simbolo, emblemo, signo
+symmetry : simetrio.
+sympathy : kompato, simpatio.
+symptom : simptomo.
+syndicate : sindikato.
+syrup : siropo; melaso.
+system : sistemo.
+
+ === T ===
+
+table : tablo, tabelo.
+tact : delikateco, takto
+tactics : taktiko.
+tail : vosto.
+tailor : tajloro.
+talent : talento.
+talk : interparolad'i, -o; konversacio.
+tallow : sebo.
+talon : ungego.
+tame : dresi; malsovagxa.
+tan : tan'i, -ilo.
+tankard : pokalo.
+tap : krano; frapeti.
+tape : katunrubando.
+tar : gudr'o, -umi.
+tart : torto; acida.
+task : tasko.
+taste : gust'o, -umi.
+tattoo : tatui.
+tax : imposto.
+tea : teo.
+teach : instrui, lernigi.
+tear : sxiri.
+tear : larmo.
+tease : inciteti.
+tedious : teda, enuiga.
+tell : rakonti, diri.
+temper : humoro, karaktero.
+temperate : sobra, modera.
+temperature : temperaturo.
+temple : templo; tempio.
+tempt : tenti.
+tenant : luanto.
+tendency : tendenco, emo, inklino.
+tenor : tenoro; senco; signifo
+tent : tendo
+terrace : teraso.
+terror : teruro.
+testify : atesti.
+text : teksto
+textile : teksa.
+thaw : degeli.
+theatre : teatro.
+then : tiam, poste, do.
+thick : dika; densa.
+thigh : femuro.
+thing : afero, ajxo, objekto.
+think : pensi, opinii.
+thirst : soif'i, -o.
+thistle : kardo.
+thorn : dorno.
+thrash : drasxi; skurgxi, bategi.
+threaten : minaci.
+threshold : sojlo.
+thrill : eksciti.
+throat : gorgxo, fauxko.
+throne : trono.
+throw : jxeti.
+thrush : turdo.
+thunder : tondr'i, -o.
+thus : tiel, tiamaniere; jene
+thyme : timiano.
+ticket : bileto.
+tickle : tikli, amuzi.
+tide : tajdo, marfluo.
+tidy : bonorda.
+tie : ligi; kravato.
+tiger : tigro.
+tile : kahelo; tegolo.
+till : gxis; prilabori.
+time : tempo, fojo, dauxro, (mus.) takto. "-table," horaro.
+tin : stano.
+tinkle : tinti.
+tire : lacigi, tedi.
+tired : laca, enuigita.
+tissue : teksajxo.
+title : titolo.
+titmouse : paruo.
+toad : bufo.
+toast : panrostajxo; toasto.
+tobacco : tabako.
+toe : piedfingro.
+toilet : tualeto.
+tolerate : toleri.
+tone : tono.
+tongs : prenilo.
+tongue : lango.
+top : supro, pinto; verto; turbo.
+torment : turmenti.
+torrent : torento.
+tortoise : testudo
+total : tuto.
+totter : sxanceligxi.
+tourist : turisto.
+towel : visx'ilo, -tuko.
+tower : turo.
+town : urbo.
+trace : postesigno.
+trade : negoci, komerci; metio, (--"union") sindikato, metia unuigxo.
+tradition : tradicio.
+train : vagonaro; eduki, dresi; trenajxo.
+tram : tramo, tramveturilo.
+translate : traduki.
+translucent : diafana.
+transparent : travidebla.
+trap : kaptilo, enfalejo; kariolo.
+travel : vojagxi, veturi.
+tray : pleto.
+treacle : melaso.
+tread : marsxi, pasxi
+treasure : trezoro.
+treasurer : kasisto.
+treat : regali; kuraci; trakti.
+treaty : kontrakto, traktajxo.
+tree : arbo.
+trellis : palisplektajxo.
+tremble : tremi, skuigxi.
+tribe : gento, tribo.
+trick : fripon'i, -ajxo, (cards) preno.
+trickle : guteti.
+trifle : bagatelo, trivialajxo.
+tripe : tripo.
+triumph : triumf'i, -o.
+troop : trupo, bando.
+tropic : tropiko.
+trot : troti.
+trough : trogo.
+trousers : pantalono.
+trout : truto.
+trowel : trulo.
+tramp : (cards), atuto.
+trumpet : trumpeto.
+trunk : (animal) rostro; (tree) trunko; (box) kofro; (body) torso.
+trust : fidi.
+try : provi, peni.
+Tsar : Caro.
+tuber : tubero.
+tuft : tufo.
+tumbler : glaso.
+tumult : tumulto.
+tune : ario, melodio; agordi.
+turbot : rombfisxo.
+turkey : meleagro.
+turn : turn'i, -igxi; torni; pivoti; vico.
+turnip : napo.
+turpentine : terebinto.
+turquoise : turkiso.
+turtle-dove : turto.
+tutor : guvernisto.
+twilight : krepusko.
+twin : dunaskito, gxemelo.
+twist : tordi.
+type : modelo, tipo; presliteraro.
+tyrant : tirano.
+
+ === U ===
+
+umbrella : ombrelo, pluvsxirmilo.
+underline : substreki.
+understand : kompreni.
+undulating : ondolinia.
+unfailingly : nepre.
+uniform : uniformo; unuforma.
+unit : unuo.
+unite : unu'igxi, -igi; kun'igxi, -igi.
+universe : universo.
+unless : esceptinte ke, se ne.
+up : supre.
+upholster : remburi.
+upright : vertikala, rekta; honesta.
+upset : renversi.
+upstairs : supre.
+urchin : bubo.
+urgent : urgxa.
+use : uzi, utiligi,("--up") eluzi.
+useful : utila, ("be--") utili.
+usual : ordinara, kutima.
+usurp : uzurpi.
+usury : procentego.
+utmost : ekstrema.
+
+ === V ===
+
+vacant : neokupata.
+vacate : forlasi.
+vaccinate : inokuli.
+vacillate : sxanceligxi.
+vain : vana; vanta.
+valet : lakeo, servisto.
+valley : valo.
+value : valoro; sxati, estimi; taksi.
+valuation : taks'o, -ado.
+valve : klapo.
+various : diversaj.
+varnish : lak'i, -o.
+vase : vazo.
+vast : vasta, ampleksa.
+vat : kuvego.
+vault : arkajxo,
+vegetable : legomo, vegetajx'o. -a; kreskajxo.
+vegetate : vegeti.
+vehicle : veturilo.
+veil : vual'o, -i.
+vein : vejno.
+vellum : veleno.
+velvet : veluro.
+venerable : respektinda.
+venerate : respektegi.
+vent : ellas'o, -truo.
+ventilate : ventoli.
+venture : kuragxi, riski.
+verandah : balkono.
+verb : verbo.
+verbal : parola, busxa.
+verbatim : lauxvorte.
+verdict : jugxo, verdikto.
+verger : sakristiano.
+vermicelli : vermicxelo.
+vermilion : cinabro.
+verse : verso, strofo.
+very, : -much - tre.
+vessel : sxipo; vazo, ujo.
+vest : vesxto; jxaketo.
+vestige : postsigno.
+vex : cxagreni.
+vibrate : vibri, tremeti.
+vicar : parohxestro; vikario
+vice : (prefix), vie-,
+victim : viktimo, oferajxo.
+victory : venko, triumfo, sukceso.
+view : vidajxo; perspektivo.
+vigilant : vigla.
+vine : vinberujo.
+violate : malrespekti, malvirtigi.
+violence : perforto.
+violet : violo.
+violin : violono.
+viper : vipero, kolubro.
+virago : megero.
+virgin : virgulino, virga.
+virile : vira.
+virtue : virto.
+virus : veneno, viruso.
+viscid : glueca.
+vision : vizio, vidado.
+visit : viziti.
+vocabulary : vortaro.
+voice : vocxo.
+void : eljxeti, nuligi.
+volcano : vulkano.
+volley : salvo.
+volume : volumo; volumeno, amplekso.
+voluntary : memvola, propravola.
+voluptuous : volupta.
+vote : vocxdoni.
+vow : solene promesi, dedicxi.
+vowel : vokalo.
+vulgar : vulgara.
+vulture : vulturo.
+
+ === W ===
+
+wadding : vato.
+waddle : sxanceligxi.
+wade : vadi, akvotrairi.
+wages : salajro.
+waggon : sxargxveturilo, vagono
+waist : talio, (-coat) vesxto.
+wait : atendi, (-on) servi.
+waiter : kelnero.
+wake : vek'i, -igxi; sxippostsigno.
+walk : piediri, marsxi, promeni.
+wallflower : keiranto.
+walnut : juglando.
+walrus : rosmaro.
+waltz : valso.
+wander : vagi, deliri.
+want : bezoni; seneco, manko; mizerego.
+ward : zorgato.
+wardrobe : vestotenejo; vestaro.
+warehouse : tenejo, provizejo.
+wares : komercajxo.
+war : milito.
+warm : varma, fervora.
+warn : averti, admoni.
+wart : veruko.
+wasp : vespo.
+waste : malsxpari.
+watch : observi; spioni; posxhorlogxo.
+water : akvo; surversxi.
+waterproof : nepenetrebla.
+wave : ondo; flirt'i, -igi.
+wax : vakso.
+way : vojo, maniero, kutimo.
+wean : debrustigi, demamigi.
+weapon : batalilo, armilo.
+wear : porti; ("--out") eluzi; ("--away") konsumigxi.
+weary : laca.
+weather : vetero. "-cock," ventoflago.
+weave : teksi, plekti.
+wedding : edzigxo.
+wedge : kojno.
+weed : sarki; malbonherbo; "sea-," fuko, algo.
+weep : plori.
+weigh : (ascertain the weight) pesi; (have weight) pezi.
+weight : pezo, pezilo.
+welcome : bonvenigi; bonvenu!
+weld : kunforgxi.
+well : bone; nu!; puto.
+west : okcidento.
+whale : baleno.
+wharf : kajo, el(en)sxipejo.
+wheat : tritiko.
+wheel : rado.
+wheelbarrow : pusxveturilo.
+whelk : bukceno.
+whey : selakto.
+whim : kaprico.
+whip : vip'i, -o.
+whirl : turnigxi, kirligxi. "-pool," turnakvo.
+whisk : (eggs, etc.), kirli.
+whiskers : vangharoj.
+whisper : murmuri; subparoli, flustri.
+whistle : fajfi, sibli.
+whist : visto.
+whiting : merlango.
+Whitsuntide : Pentekosto.
+whole : tuta, tuto.
+wholesale : pogrande.
+whooping-cough : koklusxo.
+wick : mecxo.
+wicker : salikajxa.
+widower : vidvo.
+wig : peruko.
+wild : sovagxa, nedresita.
+wilderness : dezerto.
+will : vol'o, -i.
+willingly : volonte.
+willy-nilly : vole-nevole.
+win : gajni.
+wince : ektremi.
+wind : volvi, ("--clock") strecxi
+windpipe : trahxeo.
+wing : flugilo, flankajxo.
+wink : palpebrumi.
+winnow : ventumi.
+wipe : visxi.
+wire : metalfadeno.
+wish : deziri, voli.
+witch : sorcxistino.
+withdraw : eligxi.
+wither : velki, sensukigxi.
+withstand : kontrauxstari.
+witness : atest'i; -anto.
+witty : sprita.
+woe : malgxojo; veo
+wolf : lupo.
+wonder : mir'i, -o; ("a --") mirindajxo.
+woo : amindumi, sin svati.
+wood : ligno; arbaro.
+woodcock : skolopo.
+woodpecker : pego.
+word : vorto.
+work : labor'i, -o; (mental) verk'i, -o; funkcii.
+worm : vermo.
+wormwood : absinto.
+worn (out) : eluzita.
+worry : maltrankvil'igi, -igxi; cxagrenadi, gxenadi.
+worship : adori; Diservo; kulto.
+worth : ind'o, -eco, valoro.
+wound : vundi.
+wrap : faldi, envolvi.
+wreath : girlando.
+wreck, (ship-) : sxippereo; periigi.
+wren : regolo.
+wrestle : lukti.
+wretched : mizer(eg)a.
+wring : tordi.
+wrinkle : sulketo, sulkigi.
+wrist : manradiko.
+wry : torda.
+
+ === Y ===
+
+yacht : jahxto, sxipeto.
+yard : korto, (measure) jardo; velstango.
+yarn : fadeno, rakont(acx)o.
+yawn : oscedi.
+year : jaro. "-ly," cxiujara.
+yeast : fermentilo.
+yellow : flava.
+yew : taksuso.
+yield : cedi, kapitulaci; produkti.
+yoke : jungi; ("-- of egg") ovoflavo.
+young : juna, junularo; ido, idaro.
+youth : junulo, juneco, junularo.
+
+ === Z ===
+
+zeal : fervoro, diligenteco.
+zealot : zeloto, fanatikulo.
+zebra : zebro.
+zero : nulo.
+zigzag : zigzag'a, -o,
+zinc : zinko.
+zone : (ter)zono.
+
+
+ INDEX.
+
+[Most index entries in the original listed both page and lesson numbers.
+Since page numbers are useless for this etext, they have been removed.
+Entries that originally appeared with page numbers only, have nothing
+after them here.]
+
+A, an ... 1
+Accent
+Accusative ... 5
+Adjective ... 2
+Adverb ... 12
+" showing Direction ... 12
+" of Degree ... 12
+" of Comparison ... 12
+ajn ... 20
+Alphabet
+Arrangement of words
+
+cxi ... 20
+Common Useful Expressions
+Comparison ... 12
+ " ... 20
+Complete Grammar of Esperanto
+Compound Words
+Conjunctions
+Consonants
+Correlative Words (Table) ... 20
+ ia ... 20
+ ial ... 20
+ iam ... 20
+ ie ... 20
+ iel ... 20
+ ies ... 20
+ ie ... 20
+ iom ... 20
+ iu ... 20
+cxu ... 1
+
+Days of Week ... 3
+
+Endings of Words:
+ -a ... 2
+ -anta ... 16
+ -as ... 1
+ " ... 6
+ -ata ... 15
+ -e ... 12
+ -i ... 10
+ -inta ... 16
+ -is ... 6
+ -ita ... 15
+ -j ... 3
+ -n ... 5
+ -o ... 1
+ -onta ... 16
+ -os ... 6
+ -ota ... 15
+ -u ... 10
+ -us ... 11
+Exclamations
+
+Infinitive Mood ... 10
+
+Key to Exercises
+
+La ... 1
+" instead of Pronoun ... 4
+Letters, Beginnings
+", Endings
+
+Manner of Using the Book
+Mem ... 7
+Months ... 8
+
+n ... 5
+Nouns ... 1
+Numbers, Cardinal ... 8
+
+", Ordinal, etc. ... 8
+Oni ... 4
+Origin and Aim of Esperanto
+
+Participles ... 15
+" Active ... 16
+" Passive ... 16
+" as Nouns ... 16
+" as Adverbs ... 17
+Plural ... 3
+Prefixes:--
+ bo- ... 43
+ dis- ... 45
+ ek- ... 14
+ ge- ... 43
+ mal- ... 13
+ pra- ... 43
+ re- ... 14
+Prepositions ... 26
+ " with Accusative ... 26
+ " Omission of ... 26
+ al ... 27
+ anstataux ... 39
+ antaux ... 33
+ apud ... 28
+ cxe ... 28
+ cxirkaux ... 34
+ da ... 9
+ " ... 35
+ de ... 35
+ dum ... 34
+ ekster ... 30
+ el ... 30
+ en ... 29
+ gxis ... 34
+ inter ... 30
+ je ... 40
+ kontraux ... 39
+ krom ... 39
+ kun ... 36
+ laux ... 38
+ malgraux ... 40
+ per ... 36
+ po ... 40
+ por ... 37
+ post ... 33
+ preter ... 32
+ pri ... 38
+ pro ... 37
+ sen ... 36
+ spite ... 40
+ sub ... 31
+ super ... 31
+ sur ... 31
+ tra ... 32
+ trans ... 32
+Pronouns ... 4
+Pronoun-Adjectives ... 4
+Pronunciation
+
+Selections for Reading
+Si ... 7
+Subject ... 5
+Suffixes :-- Lesson
+ -acx- ... 45
+ -ad- ... 14
+ -ajx- ... 41
+ -an- ... 23
+ -ar- ... 24
+ -cxj- ... 43
+ -ebl- ... 44
+ -ec- ... 41
+ -eg- ... 21
+ -ej- ... 42
+ -em- ... 44
+ -er- ... 24
+ -estr- ... 23
+ -et- ... 21
+ -id- ... 43
+ -ig- ... 19
+ -igx- ... 19
+ -il- ... 22
+ -in- ... 13
+ -ind- ... 44
+ -ing- ... 42
+ -ist- ... 18
+ -nj- ... 43
+ -obi- ... 9
+ -on- ... 9
+ -op- ... 9
+ -uj- ... 42
+ -ul- ... 25
+ -um- ... 45
+
+The ... 1
+
+Verbs ... 6
+" ... 10
+" ... 11
+" ... 15
+
+Words used with the Object
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Esperanto Teacher, by Helen Fryer
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Esperanto Teacher, by Helen Fryer
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+*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!*****
+
+
+Title: The Esperanto Teacher
+ A Simple Course for Non-Grammarians
+
+Author: Helen Fryer
+
+Release Date: May, 2005 [EBook #8177]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on June 26, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ESPERANTO TEACHER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Starner, Tiffany Vergon, William Patterson
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<!-- =============================001.png============================ -->
+<center><b>THE</b><br>
+ <big><b>ESPERANTO TEACHER,</b></big></center>
+
+<center><b>A SIMPLE COURSE FOR</b><br>
+ <b>NON-GRAMMARIANS.</b></center>
+
+<center><small><b>BY</b></small><br>
+ <b>HELEN FRYER.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>TENTH EDITION.</i><br>
+ <small>(B.E.A. PUBLICATIONS FUND&mdash;N<span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">o</span>. 3).</small></center>
+
+<center><small><i>All profits from the sale of this book are
+devoted to the</i></small><br>
+ <small><i>propaganda of Esperanto.</i></small></center>
+
+<center><b>LONDON:</b><br>
+ <b>BRITISH ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION (<span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Incorporated</span>),</b><br>
+ <b><span style="font-variant: small-caps">17, Hart Street,
+W.C.i.</span></b></center>
+
+<!-- =============================002.png============================ -->
+<hr align="center" width="38%" style=
+"margin-top: 4em; margin-bottom: 4em">
+<center><b>PRESENTATION.</b></center>
+
+<p><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Perhaps</span> to no
+one is Esperanto of more service than to the non-grammarian. It
+gives him for a minimum expenditure of time and money a valuable
+insight into the principles of grammar and the meaning of words,
+while enabling him, after only a few months of study, to get into
+communication with his fellow men in all parts of the world.</p>
+
+<p>To place these advantages within easy reach of all is the aim
+of this little book. Written by an experienced teacher, revised
+by Mr. E. A. Millidge, and based on the exercises of Dr. Zamenhof
+himself, it merits the fullest confidence of the student, and may
+be heartily commended to all into whose hands it may come.</p>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">W. W.
+Padfield.</span></p>
+
+<!-- =============================003.png============================ -->
+<center><b>PREFACE.</b></center>
+
+<p>This little book has been prepared in the hope of helping
+those who, having forgotten the lessons in grammar which they
+received at school, find some difficulty in learning Esperanto
+from the existing textbooks. It is hoped it will be found useful
+not only for solitary students, but also for class work.</p>
+
+<p>The exercises are taken chiefly from the "Ekzercaro" of Dr.
+Zamenhof. The compiler also acknowledges her indebtedness
+especially to the "Standard Course of Esperanto," by Mr. G. W.
+Bullen, and to the "Esperanto Grammar and Commentary," by
+Major-General Geo. Cox, and while accepting the whole
+responsibility for all inaccuracies and crudenesses, she desires
+to thank all who have helped in the preparation, and foremost
+among them Mr. W. W. Padfield, of Ipswich, for advice and
+encouragement throughout the work, and to Mr. E. A. Millidge, for
+his unfailing kindness and invaluable counsel and help in its
+preparation and revision.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================004.png============================ -->
+<center><b>MANNER OF USING THE BOOK.</b></center>
+
+<p>The student is strongly advised to cultivate the habit of
+<i>thinking</i> in Esperanto from the very beginning of the
+study. To do this he should try to realise the idea mentally
+without putting it into English words, <i>e.g.</i>, when learning
+the word "rozo" or "kolombo," let him bring the object itself
+before his mind's eye, instead of repeating "<i>rozo</i>, rose;
+<i>kolombo</i>, pigeon"; or with the sentence "<i>la suno
+brilas</i>, the sun shines," let him picture the sun shining.
+Having studied the lesson and learned the vocabulary, he should
+read the exercise, repeating each sentence <i>aloud</i> until he
+has become familiar with it and can pronounce it freely. Then
+turning to the English translation at the end of the book, he
+should write the exercise into Esperanto, compare it with the
+original, and re-learn and re-write if necessary. Although this
+method may require a little more time and trouble at first, the
+greater facility gained in speaking the language will well repay
+the outlay.</p>
+
+<p>After mastering this book the student should take some reader,
+such as "Unua Legolibro," by Dr. Kabe, and then proceed to the
+"Fundamenta Krestomatio," the standard work on Esperanto, by Dr.
+Zamenhof.</p>
+
+<p>A very good Esperanto-English vocabulary is to be found in the
+"Esperanto Key," &frac12;d., or in "The Whole of Esperanto for a
+Penny."</p>
+
+<!-- =============================005.png============================ -->
+<center><b>THE ORIGIN AND AIM OF ESPERANTO.</b></center>
+
+<p>A few words as to the origin of Esperanto will perhaps not be
+out of place here. The author of the language, Dr. Ludovic
+Zamenhof, a Polish Jew, was born on December 3rd, 1859, at
+Bielovstok, in Poland, a town whose inhabitants are of four
+distinct races, Poles, Russians, Germans, and Jews, each with
+their own language and customs, and often at open enmity with
+each other. Taught at home that all men are brethren, Zamenhof
+found everywhere around him outside the denial of this teaching,
+and even as a child came to the conclusion that the races hated,
+because they could not understand, each other. Feeling keenly,
+too, the disabilities under which his people specially laboured,
+being cut off by their language from the people among whom they
+lived, while too proud to learn the language of their
+persecutors, he set himself to invent a language which should be
+neutral and therefore not require any sacrifice of pride on the
+part of any race.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================006.png============================ -->
+<p>Interesting as is the story of Zamenhof's attempts and
+difficulties, it must suffice here to say that at the end of 1878
+the new language was sufficiently advanced for him to impart it
+to schoolfellows like-minded with himself, and on December 17th
+of that year they f&ecirc;ted its birth, and sang a hymn in the
+new language, celebrating the reign of unity and peace which
+should be brought about by its means, "All mankind must be united
+in one family." But the enthusiasm of its first followers died
+down under the derision they encountered, and for nine years more
+Zamenhof worked in secret at his language, translating,
+composing, writing original articles, improving, polishing, till
+in 1887 he published his first book under the title of "An
+International Language by Dr. Esperanto." (<i>Esperanto</i> means
+<i>one who hopes</i>).</p>
+
+<!-- =============================007.png============================ -->
+<p>That the idea which impelled the young Zamenhof to undertake
+such a work is still the mainspring of his devotion to the cause
+is shown by the following extract from his opening speech at the
+second International Esperanto Congress in 1906:&mdash;"We are
+all conscious that it is not the thought of its practical utility
+which inspires us to work for Esperanto, but only the thought of
+the important and holy idea which underlies an international
+language. This idea, you all know, is that of <i>brotherhood and
+justice among all peoples</i>." And, again, in his presidential
+address at the third Esperanto Congress, held this year (1907) at
+Cambridge, he said, "We are constantly repeating that we do not
+wish to interfere in the internal life of the nations, but only
+to build a bridge between the peoples. The ideal aim of
+Esperantists, never until now exactly formulated, but always
+clearly felt, is: <i>To establish a neutral foundation, on which
+the various races of mankind may hold peaceful, brotherly
+intercourse, without intruding on each other their racial
+differences</i>."</p>
+
+<div style="margin-left: 1em">
+<p>Sur ne&#365;trala lingva fundamento,<br>
+ Komprenante unu la alian,<br>
+ La popoloj faros en konsento<br>
+ Unu grandan rondon familian.</p>
+
+<p>(On the foundation of a neutral language,<br>
+ Understanding one another,<br>
+ The peoples will form in agreement<br>
+ One great family circle).</p>
+</div>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Helen
+Fryer.</span></p>
+
+<p><i>December</i>, 1907.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================008.png============================ -->
+<center><b>THE ALPHABET.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS.</b></center>
+
+<p>In Esperanto each letter has only one sound, and each sound is
+represented in only one way. The words are pronounced exactly as
+spelt, every letter being sounded.</p>
+
+<p>Those <b>consonants</b> which in English have one simple sound
+only are exactly the same in Esperanto; they are&mdash;<i>b, d,
+f, k, l, m, n, p, r, t, v, z</i> (<i>r</i> must be well
+rolled).</p>
+
+<p><i>q, w, x, y</i> are not used.</p>
+
+<p><i>c, g, h, s</i>, which in English represent more than one
+sound, and <i>j</i> are also used with the mark &circ;&mdash;</p>
+
+<center><i>c &#265;, g &#285;, h &#293;, j &#309;, s
+&#349;.</i></center>
+
+<p><b>c</b> (whose two English sounds are represented by <i>k</i>
+and <i>s</i>) has the sound of <i>ts</i>, as in i<i>ts</i>,
+<i>ts</i>ar.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#265;</b> like <i>ch</i>, <i>tch</i>, in
+<i>ch</i>ur<i>ch</i>, ma<i>tch</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>g</b> hard, as in <i>g</i>o, <i>g</i>i<i>g</i>,
+<i>g</i>un.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#285;</b> soft, as in <i>g</i>entle, <i>g</i>em, or like
+<i>j</i> in <i>j</i>ust, <i>J</i>ew.</p>
+
+<p><b>h</b> well breathed, as in <i>h</i>orse, <i>h</i>ome,
+<i>h</i>ow.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#293;</b> strongly breathed, and in the throat, as in the
+Scotch word lo<i>ch</i>. (Ask any Scotsman to pronounce it).
+<i>&#293;</i> occurs but seldom. It is the Irish <i>gh</i> in
+lou<i>gh</i>, and the Welsh <i>ch</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>j</b> like <i>y</i> in <i>yes, you</i>, or <i>j</i> in
+<i>hallelujah, fjord.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>&#309;</b> like <i>s</i> in pleasure, or the French
+<i>j</i>, as in <i>dejeuner, Jean d'Arc.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>s</b> like <i>ss</i> in a<i>ss</i>, le<i>ss</i>, never like
+<i>s</i> in ro<i>s</i>e.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#349;</b> like <i>sh</i> in <i>sh</i>e, <i>sh</i>all,
+<i>sh</i>ip, or <i>s</i> in <i>s</i>ugar, <i>s</i>ure.</p>
+
+<p>In newspapers, etc., which have not the proper type,
+<i>&#265;, &#285;, &#293;, &#309;, &#349;</i> are often replaced
+by <i>ch, gh, hh, jh, sh</i>, or by <i>c', g', h', j', s'</i>,
+and <i>&#365;</i> by <i>u</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================009.png============================ -->
+<p><b>&#365;</b> is also a consonant, and has the sound of
+<i>w</i> in <i>we</i>, as <i>E&#365;ropo</i>, or <i>u</i> in
+<i>persuade</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The <b>vowels</b> <i>a, e, i, o, u</i> have not the English,
+but the Continental sounds.</p>
+
+<p><b>a</b> always like <i>a</i> in <i>a</i>h! or in
+t<i>a</i>rt.</p>
+
+<p><b>e</b> like <i>e</i> in b<i>e</i>nd, but broader, like
+<i>e</i> in th<i>e</i>re.</p>
+
+<p><b>i</b> is a sound between <i>ee</i> in m<i>ee</i>t and
+<i>i</i> in <i>i</i>s.</p>
+
+<p><b>o</b> like <i>o</i> in f<i>o</i>r, or in the Scottish
+<i>no</i>, or <i>au</i> in <i>au</i>ght.</p>
+
+<p><b>u</b> like <i>oo</i> in b<i>oo</i>t, p<i>oo</i>r.</p>
+
+<p><i>a, e, i, o, u</i> are all <i>simple</i> sounds, that is,
+the mouth is kept in one position while they are being sounded.
+In learning them lengthen them out, and be careful not to alter
+the position of the mouth, however long they are drawn out. In
+the compound sounds given below the shape of the mouth changes;
+to get the correct pronunciation sound each letter fully and
+distinctly, gradually bringing them closer until they run
+together, when they become almost as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><b>aj</b> nearly like <i>ai</i> in <i>ai</i>sle, or <i>i</i>
+in n<i>i</i>ce, f<i>i</i>ne.</p>
+
+<p><b>ej</b> nearly like <i>ei</i> in v<i>ei</i>n.</p>
+
+<p><b>oj</b> nearly like <i>oy</i> in b<i>oy</i>, or <i>oi</i> in
+v<i>oi</i>d.</p>
+
+<p><b>uj</b> nearly like <i>uj</i> in hallel<i>uj</i>ah.</p>
+
+<p><b>a&#365;</b> like <i>ahw</i>, or nearly <i>ou</i> in
+h<i>ou</i>se, pronounced broadly, ha<i>ou</i>se.</p>
+
+<p><b>e&#365;</b> like <i>ehw</i>, or <i>ey w</i> in th<i>ey
+w</i>ere, <i>ayw</i> in w<i>ayw</i>ard.</p>
+
+<p>Practise saying <i>aja, eja, oja, uja, a&#365;a, e&#365;a</i>
+several times quickly. Then gradually drop the final
+<i>a</i>.</p>
+
+<center><b>Accent.</b></center>
+
+<p>The accent or stress is always placed on the syllable before
+the last, as es-<i>pe</i>-ro, es-pe-<i>ran</i>-to,
+es-pe-ran-<i>tis</i>-to, es-pe-ran-tis-<i>ti</i>-no;
+<i>ju</i>-na, ju-<i>nu</i>-lo, ju-nu-<i>la</i>-ro. All the
+syllables must be clearly pronounced, not slurred over.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================010.png============================ -->
+<center><b>Exercise in Pronounciation.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>a</b> (as in b<i>a</i>th), <i>pat</i>-ra, <i>la</i>-na,
+a-<i>gra</i>-bla, mal-<i>var</i>-ma, <i>kla</i>-ra,
+pa-<i>fa</i>-do.</p>
+
+<p><b>e</b> (as in b<i>e</i>nd), <i>be</i>-la, m<i>e</i>m,
+fe-<i>nes</i>-tro, ven-<i>dre</i>-do, tre-<i>e</i>-ge,
+le-<i>te</i>-ro.</p>
+
+<p><b>i</b> (as in s<i>ee</i>), mi, <i>i</i>-li, i-<i>mi</i>-ti,
+vi-<i>zi</i>-ti, <i>trin</i>-ki, in-<i>sis</i>-ti.</p>
+
+<p><b>o</b> (as in f<i>o</i>r), <i>ho</i>-mo, <i>ro</i>-zo,
+ko-<i>lom</i>-bo, <i>dor</i>-mo (the <i>r</i> rolled),
+<i>mor</i>-to, po-<i>po</i>-lo.</p>
+
+<p><b>u</b> (as in b<i>oo</i>t), <i>u</i>-nu, dum, <i>bru</i>-lu,
+sur-<i>tu</i>-to, vul-<i>tu</i>-ro, mur-<i>mur</i>-i.</p>
+
+<p><b>aj</b> (as in n<i>i</i>ce), ajn, kaj, r<i>aj</i>-to,
+taj-<i>lo</i>-ro, <i>faj</i>-ro, <i>be</i>-laj.</p>
+
+<p><b>ej</b> (as in pl<i>ay</i>), <i>vej</i>-no, <i>hej</i>-mo,
+plej, <i>hej</i>-to.</p>
+
+<p><b>oj</b> (as in b<i>oy</i>), <i>pat</i>-roj, <i>foj</i>-no,
+<i>ho</i>-mojn, <i>koj</i>-no, <i>soj</i>-lo, <i>kon</i>-koj.</p>
+
+<p><b>uj</b> (as in hallel<i>uj</i>ah), tuj, <i>&#265;i</i>-uj,
+<i>ti</i>-uj.</p>
+
+<p><b>a&#365;</b> (as in c<i>ow</i>), <i>an</i>-ta&#365;,
+<i>la&#365;</i>-bo, fra&#365;-<i>li</i>-no, <i>ka&#365;</i>-zi,
+a&#365;s- <i>kul</i>-tu, <i>a&#365;</i>-di.</p>
+
+<p><b>e&#365;</b> (like ehw), E&#365;-<i>ro</i>-po,
+ne&#365;-ral-<i>gi</i>-o, E&#365;-kar-<i>is</i>-to,
+re&#365;-ma-<i>tis</i>-mo.</p>
+
+<p><b>c</b> (= ts, bi<i>ts</i>), <i>ce</i>-lo, fa-<i>ci</i>-la
+(=<i>fa-tsee-la</i>), be-<i>le</i>-co (<i>be-le-tso</i>),
+ofi-<i>ci</i>-ro, <i>pa</i>-co, ci-ko-<i>ni</i>-o,
+<i>co</i>-lo.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#265;</b> (= tch, ma<i>tch</i>), &#265;u, e&#265;,
+&#265;e, <i>&#265;am</i>-bro, <i>&#265;er</i>-pi,
+<i>tran</i>-&#265;i, <i>ri</i>-&#265;a.</p>
+
+<p><b>g</b> (as in <i>g</i>ood), <i>lon</i>-ga, <i>le</i>-gi,
+ge-<i>nu</i>-o, <i>gen</i>-to, <i>gli</i>-ti, <i>gro</i>-so.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#285;</b> (as in <i>g</i>em), <i>&#285;e</i>-mi, &#285;is,
+&#285;ar-<i>de</i>-no, <i>sa</i>-&#285;a, <i>man</i>-&#285;i,
+<i>re</i>-&#285;o.</p>
+
+<p><b>h</b> (breathed), <i>ha</i>-ro, hi-<i>run</i>-do,
+ha-<i>rin</i>-go, his-to-<i>ri</i>-o, he-<i>de</i>-ro,
+<i>him</i>-no.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#293;</b> (in throat), &#293;e-<i>mi</i>-o,
+&#293;o-<i>le</i>-ro, me-&#293;a-<i>ni</i>-ko, <i>e</i>-&#293;o,
+&#293;a-<i>o</i>-so.</p>
+
+<p><b>j</b> (like y), <i>ju</i>-na, ma-<i>jes</i>-ta,
+sin-<i>jo</i>-ro, ka-<i>je</i>-ro, jes, ja.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#309;</b> (= zh), bon-<i>a&#309;</i>-o, <i>&#309;e</i>-ti,
+&#309;ur-<i>na</i>-lo, &#309;us, <i>&#309;a&#365;</i>-do,
+&#309;a-<i>lu</i>-zo.</p>
+
+<p><b>s</b> (ss), <i>su</i>-per, ses, <i>sta</i>-ri, trans,
+ves-<i>pe</i>-ro, <i>svin</i>-gi.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#349;</b> (sh), <i>fre</i>-&#349;a, <i>&#349;e</i>-lo,
+<i>ku</i>-&#349;i, <i>&#349;tu</i>-po, <i>&#349;vi</i>-ti,
+<i>&#349;ve</i>-li.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================011.png============================ -->
+<p><b>kz</b>, ek-<i>zer</i>-co, ek-<i>zem</i>-plo,
+ek-za-<i>me</i>-no, ek-ze-<i>ku</i>-ti, ek-<i>zi</i>-li,
+ek-<i>zis</i>-ti.</p>
+
+<p><b>kv</b>, kvar, kvin, kvi-<i>e</i>-ta, <i>kvan</i>-kam,
+<i>kver</i>-ko, <i>kva</i>-za&#365;.</p>
+
+<p><b>gv</b>, <i>gvi</i>-di, <i>lin</i>-gvo.</p>
+
+<p><b>kn</b>, <i>kna</i>-bo, <i>kne</i>-di.</p>
+
+<p><b>sc</b> (sts), <i>sci</i>-o (sts-ee-o), <i>sce</i>-no
+(stse-no), <i>scep</i>-tro, eks-<i>ci</i>-ti
+(eks-<i>tsee</i>-tee), eks-cel-<i>en</i>-co
+(eks-tsel-<i>en</i>-tso), sci-<i>en</i>-co (stsee-en-tso).</p>
+
+<p><i>cen</i>-to, <i>sen</i>-to; <i>ce</i>-lo, <i>se</i>-lo,
+<i>&#349;e</i>-lo; <i>co</i>-lo, <i>ko</i>-lo; ci, &#265;i; ec,
+e&#265;; <i>kru</i>-co, <i>kru</i>-&#265;o; <i>pa</i>-go,
+<i>pa</i>-&#285;o; <i>re</i>-gi, <i>re</i>-&#285;i; <i>se</i>-gi,
+<i>se</i>-&#285;o; <i>ho</i>-ro, <i>&#293;o</i>-ro; <i>pe</i>-si,
+<i>pe</i>-zi; <i>ste</i>-lo, <i>&#349;te</i>-lo; <i>san</i>-go,
+<i>&#349;an</i>-go; <i>ver</i>-so, <i>ver</i>-&#349;i;
+dis-<i>i</i>-ri, dis-<i>&#349;i</i>-ri; <i>gus</i>-ta,
+<i>&#285;us</i>-ta; <i>stu</i>-po, <i>&#349;tu</i>-po;
+<i>sta</i>-lo, <i>&#349;ta</i>-lo; <i>pos</i>-to,
+<i>po&#349;</i>-to; re-<i>ser</i>-vi, re-<i>zer</i>-vi;
+ru-<i>&#285;i</i>-gi, ru-<i>&#265;i</i>-&#285;i;
+ri-<i>&#265;i</i>-gi, ri-<i>&#265;i</i>-&#285;i,
+ri-<i>&#265;e</i>-co; <i>fti</i>-zo.</p>
+
+<p>a-<i>e</i>-ro, oce-<i>a</i>-no, fe-<i>i</i>-no,
+<i>&#285;u</i>-i, pe-<i>re</i>-i, pe-<i>re</i>-u; fo-<i>i</i>-ro,
+<i>&#265;i</i>-u-<i>ja</i>-ra, <i>vo</i>-joj, tro-<i>u</i>-zi,
+for-<i>ram</i>-pi, ku-<i>i</i>-ri; <i>skva</i>-mo,
+zo-o-lo-<i>gi</i>-o, en-<i>u</i>-i, de-<i>tru</i>-u,
+<i>&#349;pru</i>-ci, ru-<i>i</i>-ni; Jan-u-<i>a</i>-ro,
+Feb-ru-<i>a</i>-ro, li-<i>e</i>-no, ho-<i>di</i>-a&#365;,
+hi-<i>e</i>-ra&#365;, Hun-g&aacute;r-<i>u</i>-jo,
+Ne-a-<i>po</i>-lo, sci-<i>u</i>-ro.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<p><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Note.</span>&mdash;A
+useful mnemonic for the Esperanto vowels is p<i>a</i>r,
+p<i>ea</i>r, p<i>ie</i>r, p<i>or</i>e, p<i>oo</i>r, but the
+sounds should not be dragged. It is helpful to note that the
+English words <i>mate, reign, pane, bend; meet, beat, feel, lady;
+grow, loan, soft; mute, yes, mule</i> (as pronounced in London
+and South of England), would be written in Esperanto
+thus:&mdash;<i>mejt, rejn, pejn, bend; mijt, bijt, fijl, lejdi;
+gro&#365;, lo&#365;n, soft; mjut, jes, mjul</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================012.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 1.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Words.</b></center>
+
+<p>In Esperanto a word generally consists of an unchanging part
+or root, which expresses the idea, and an ending which shows the
+use of the word, that is, whether it is a name, a describing
+word, etc. By changing the ending the use of the word is
+changed.</p>
+
+<p>Notice carefully the words given below which end in <b>o.</b>
+It will be seen that they are all names.</p>
+
+<p>In Esperanto every name ends in <b>o.</b></p>
+
+<p>(<i>In Grammar names are called</i> <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Nouns</span>).</p>
+
+<p>Notice further the words which end in <b>-as.</b> They all
+express doing or being (action or state), which is going on at
+the present time, or which is a custom at the present time.</p>
+
+<p>The words "a," "an," are not expressed; "the" is translated by
+<i>la</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================013.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>p<b>a</b>tro</i>, father.<br>
+ <i>fr<b>a</b>to</i>, brother.<br>
+ <i>f<b>i</b>lo</i>, son.<br>
+ <i>Teod<b>o</b>ro</i>,Theodore.<br>
+ <i>tajl<b>o</b>ro</i>, tailor.<br>
+ <i>le<b>o</b>no</i>, lion.<br>
+ <i>b<b>e</b>sto</i>, animal.<br>
+ <i>kol<b>o</b>mbo</i>, pigeon.<br>
+ <i>b<b>i</b>rdo</i>, bird.<br>
+ <i>r<b>o</b>zo</i>, rose.<br>
+ <i>fl<b>o</b>ro</i>, flower.<br>
+ <i>p<b>o</b>mo</i>, apple.<br>
+ <i>s<b>u</b>no</i>, sun.<br>
+ <i>t<b>e</b>ro</i>, earth, ground.<br>
+ <i>&#349;t<b>o</b>no</i>, stone.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>&#265;<b>a</b>mbro</i>, room.<br>
+ <i>fen<b>e</b>stro</i>, window.<br>
+ <i>l<b>i</b>bro</i>, book.<br>
+ <i>kraj<b>o</b>no</i>, pencil.<br>
+ <i>pl<b>u</b>mo</i>, pen.<br>
+ <i>&#265;ap<b>e</b>lo</i>, hat.<br>
+ <i>d<b>o</b>mo</i>, house.<br>
+ <i><b>a</b>rbo</i>, tree.<br>
+  <br>
+ <!-- separates nouns from verbs -->
+ <i><b>e</b>stas</i>, is, are, am.<br>
+ <i>apart<b>e</b>nas</i>, belongs.<br>
+ <i>br<b>i</b>las</i>, shines.<br>
+ <i>k<b>u</b>&#349;as</i>, lies.<br>
+ <i>st<b>a</b>ras</i>, stands.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>la</i>, the.<br>
+ <i>kaj</i>, and.<br>
+ <i>jes</i>, yes.<br>
+ <i>ne</i>, no, not.<br>
+ <i>al</i>, to, towards.<br>
+ <i>sur</i>, on.<br>
+ <i>en</i>, in.<br>
+ <i><b>a</b>pud</i>, by, near, beside.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>de</i>, of, from.<br>
+ <i>k<b>i</b>e</i>, where.<br>
+ <i>k<b>i</b>o</i>, what thing.<br>
+ <i>jen <b>e</b>stas</i>, here is.<br>
+ <i>&#265;u</i>, whether (asks a question).<br>
+ <i><b>a</b>nta&#365;</i>, before, in front of.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<center>(<i>The black type shows the accented
+syllable</i>).</center>
+
+<p>Patro kaj frato. Leono estas besto. Rozo estas floro kaj
+kolombo estas birdo. La rozo apartenas al Teodoro. La suno
+brilas. La patro estas tajloro. Kie estas la libro kaj la
+krajono? Jen estas pomo. Sur la tero ku&#349;as &#349;tono. Sur
+la fenestro ku&#349;as krajono kaj plumo. La filo staras apud la
+patro. Jen ku&#349;as la &#265;apelo de la patro. La patro estas
+en la &#265;ambro. Anta&#365; la domo staras arbo.</p>
+
+<p>Kio estas leono? Kio estas rozo? Kio brilas? Kio estas la
+patro? Kie estas la patro? Kio estas sur la fenestro? Kie estas
+la plumo?</p>
+
+<p>&#264;u leono estas besto? Jes, leono estas besto. &#264;u
+rozo estas birdo? Ne, rozo ne estas birdo, rozo estas floro.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 2.</b></center>
+
+<p>Every "describing" word, that is, every word which tells the
+kind or quality of a person or thing, ends in "<b>a</b>," as
+<i>granda</i>, large; <i>ru&#285;a</i>, red.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>A describing word is called</i> an ADJECTIVE).</p>
+
+<!-- =============================014.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>b<b>e</b>la</i>, beautiful.<br>
+ <i>bl<b>a</b>nka</i>, white.<br>
+ <i>bl<b>u</b>a</i>, blue.<br>
+ <i>b<b>o</b>na</i>, good.<br>
+ <i>fid<b>e</b>la</i>, faithful.<br>
+ <i>f<b>o</b>rta</i>, strong.<br>
+ <i>fr<b>e</b>&#349;a</i>, fresh.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>j<b>u</b>na</i>, young.<br>
+ <i>mat<b>u</b>ra</i>, mature, ripe.<br>
+ <i>n<b>o</b>va</i>, new.<br>
+ <i>n<b>u</b>tra</i>, nutritious.<br>
+ <i>p<b>u</b>ra</i>, pure, clean.<br>
+ <i>r<b>i</b>&#265;a</i>, rich.<br>
+ <i>s<b>a</b>na</i>, well (healthy).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>&#265;i<b>e</b>lo</i>, sky,
+heaven.<br>
+ <i>f<b>e</b>sto</i>, holiday.<br>
+ <i>fra&#365;l<b>i</b>no</i>, maiden lady, Miss<br>
+ <i>h<b>o</b>mo</i>, man (human being).<br>
+ <i>h<b>u</b>ndo</i>, dog.<br>
+ <i>inf<b>a</b>no</i>, child.<br>
+ <i>Joh<b>a</b>no</i>, John.<br>
+ <i>kaj<b>e</b>ro</i>, exercise book.<br>
+ <i>l<b>a</b>kto</i>, milk.<br>
+ <i>m<b>a</b>no</i>, hand.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>n<b>e</b>&#285;o</i>, snow.<br>
+ <i>p<b>a</b>no</i>, bread.<br>
+ <i>pap<b>e</b>ro</i>, paper.<br>
+ <i>t<b>a</b>blo</i>, table.<br>
+ <i>v<b>i</b>no</i>, wine.<br>
+ <i><b>o</b>nklo</i>, uncle.<br>
+ <i>pli</i>, more.<br>
+ <i>ol</i>, than.<br>
+ <i>sed</i>, but.<br>
+ <i>tre</i>, very.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>La patro estas sana. Infano ne estas matura homo. La
+&#265;ielo estas blua. Leono estas forta. La patro estas bona. La
+mano de Johano estas pura. Papero estas blanka. Blanka papero
+ku&#349;as sur la tablo. Jen estas la kajero de la juna
+fra&#365;lino. Sur la &#265;ielo staras la bela suno. La papero
+estas tre blanka, sed la ne&#285;o estas pli blanka. Lakto estas
+pli nutra, ol vino. La pano estas fre&#349;a. La onklo estas pli
+ri&#265;a, ol la frato. Jen ku&#349;as ru&#285;a rozo. La hundo
+estas tre fidela. La libro estas nova.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 3.</b></center>
+
+<p>When the name (noun) is required to denote more than one of
+the persons or things for which it stands, <b>j</b> is added to
+it, as <i>rozoj</i>, roses; <i>kolomboj</i>, pigeons; and then
+every "describing" word (adjective) which belongs to it must also
+have <i>j</i>, as <i>ru&#285;aj rozoj</i>, red roses; <i>la
+kolomboj estas belaj</i>, the pigeons are beautiful.</p>
+
+<p>(When the noun stands for "more than one," it is said to be
+<span style="font-variant: small-caps">plural</span>. <b>j</b> is
+the sign of the plural).</p>
+
+<!-- Yes, in the original, PLURAL wasn't smallcapped precisely as others. -->
+<!-- =============================015.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>j<b>a</b>ro</i>, year.<br>
+ <i>k<b>a</b>nto</i>, song.<br>
+ <i>kn<b>a</b>bo</i>, boy.<br>
+ <i>lil<b>i</b>o</i>, lily.<br>
+ <i>tran&#265;<b>i</b>lo</i>, knife.<br>
+ <i>dento</i>, tooth.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>agr<b>a</b>bla</i>, agreeable,
+pleasant.<br>
+ <i><b>a</b>kra</i>, sharp.<br>
+ <i>delik<b>a</b>ta</i>, delicate.<br>
+ <i>fl<b>u</b>gas</i>, fly, flies.<br>
+ <i>diligenta</i>, diligent.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>l<b>u</b>ndo</i>, Monday.<br>
+ <i>m<b>a</b>rdo</i>, Tuesday.<br>
+ <i>merkr<b>e</b>do</i>, Wednesday.<br>
+ <i>&#309;<b>a&#365;</b>do</i>, Thursday.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>vendr<b>e</b>do</i>, Friday.<br>
+ <i>sab<b>a</b>to</i>, Saturday.<br>
+ <i>dim<b>a</b>n&#265;o</i>, Sunday.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>La birdoj flugas. La kanto de la birdoj estas agrabla. Kie
+estas la knaboj? La patroj estas sanaj. Infanoj ne estas maturaj
+homoj. Leonoj estas fortaj. La manoj de Johano estas puraj. Jen
+estas la kajeroj de la junaj fra&#365;linoj. La onkloj estas pli
+ri&#265;aj, ol la fratoj. La hundoj estas tre fidelaj. Blankaj
+paperoj ku&#349;as sur la tablo. En la &#265;ambro estas novaj
+&#265;apeloj. Kie estas la akraj tran&#265;iloj? Bonaj infanoj
+estas diligentaj. Jen ku&#349;as puraj, blankaj, delikataj
+lilioj. La dentoj de leonoj estas akraj.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 4.</b></center>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>mi</i>, I.<br>
+ <i>ci</i>, thou.<br>
+ <i>li</i>, he.<br>
+ <i>&#349;i</i>, she.<br>
+ <i>&#285;i</i>, it</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ni</i>, we.<br>
+ <i>vi</i>, you.<br>
+ <i>ili</i>, they.<br>
+ <i>si</i>, (see Lesson 7).<br>
+ <i>oni</i>, one, they, people.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+(<i>The above words are called</i> <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Pronouns</span> <i>because they are
+used instead of repeating the noun</i>).
+
+<p>By adding <b>a</b> the pronouns are made to denote a quality,
+in this case possession, as <i>mia libro</i>, my book; <i>via
+pomo</i>, your apple; <i>ilia infano</i>, their child.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>mia</i>, my, mine.<br>
+ <i>cia</i>, thy, thine.<br>
+ <i>lia</i>, his.<br>
+ <i>&#349;ia</i>, her, hers.<br>
+ <i>&#285;ia</i>, its.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>nia</i>, our, ours.<br>
+ <i>via</i>, your, yours,<br>
+ <i>ilia</i>, their, theirs.<br>
+ <i>sia</i> (see Lesson 7),</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================016.png============================ -->
+<p>When the name to which these "pronoun-adjectives" belong is
+plural they must of course take <b>j</b>, as <i>miaj libroj</i>,
+my books; <i>viaj pomoj</i>, your apples; <i>iliaj infanoj</i>,
+their children.</p>
+
+<p>In speaking of relations and parts of the body <i>la</i> is
+often used instead of <i>mia</i>, <i>lia</i>, etc., as <i>La filo
+staras apud la patro</i>, The son stands by the (his) father.</p>
+
+<p>For "mine," "ours," etc., <i>mia</i>, <i>nia</i>, etc., may be
+used either with or without <i>la</i>, as <i>La libro estas
+mia</i>, or <i>La libro estas la mia</i>, The book is mine.</p>
+
+<p><b>Oni</b> is used for <i>one, they, people</i>, when these
+words are indefinite in meaning, as in the sentences:&mdash;Here
+one can speak fearlessly, <i>Tie &#265;i oni povas maltime
+paroli</i>, They say that he is rich, <i>Oni diras, ke li estas
+ri&#265;a</i>, People often eat too quickly, <i>Oni ofte
+man&#285;as tro rapide.</i></p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i><b>a</b>vo</i>, grandfather.<br>
+ <i>am<b>i</b>ko</i>, friend.<br>
+ <i>&#285;ard<b>e</b>no</i>, garden<br>
+ <i>knab<b>i</b>no</i>, girl.<br>
+ <i>r<b>u</b>so</i>, Russian.<br>
+ <i>sinj<b>o</b>ro</i>, gentleman, Mr., Sir.<br>
+ <i>v<b>e</b>ro</i>, truth.<br>
+ <i>v<b>e</b>nas</i>, comes.<br>
+ <i><b>i</b>ras</i>, goes.<br>
+ <i>l<b>e</b>gas</i>, reads.<br>
+ <i>skr<b>i</b>bas</i>, writes.<br>
+ <i>pl<b>o</b>ras</i>, cry, cries.<br>
+ <i>v<b>o</b>las</i>, wills, wishes.<br>
+ <i>d<b>i</b>ras</i>, says.<br>
+ <i>s<b>i</b>das</i>, sits.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>v<b>e</b>nkas</i>, conquers.<br>
+ <i>m<b>a</b>n&#285;i</i>, to eat.<br>
+ <i>&#285;ent<b>i</b>la</i>, polite.<br>
+ <i>sil<b>e</b>nte</i>, silently.<br>
+ <i>k<b>i</b>u</i>, who, which (that).<br>
+ <i>&#265;<b>i</b>u</i>, each one, every.<br>
+ <i>&#265;<b>i</b>uj</i>, all, all the.<br>
+ <i>la plej</i>, the most.<br>
+ <i>t<b>i</b>el</i>, as, so.<br>
+ <i>k<b>i</b>el</i>, as.<br>
+ <i>nun</i>, now.<br>
+ <i><b>a</b>nka&#365;</i>, also.<br>
+ <i>&#265;<b>i</b>am</i>, always.<br>
+ <i>el</i>, out of.<br>
+ <i>&#265;ar</i>, because, for.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================017.png============================ -->
+<p>Mi legas. Vi skribas. Li estas knabo, kaj &#349;i estas
+knabino. Ni estas homoj. Vi estas infanoj. Ili estas rusoj. Kie
+estas la knaboj? Ili estas en la &#285;ardeno, Kie estas la
+knabinoj? Ili anka&#365; estas en la &#285;ardeno. Kie estas la
+tran&#265;iloj? Ili ku&#349;as sur la tablo. La infano ploras,
+&#265;ar &#285;i volas man&#285;i. Sinjoro, vi estas
+ne&#285;entila. Sinjoroj, vi estas ne&#285;entilaj. Oni diras; ke
+la vero &#265;iam venkas. La domo apartenas al li. Mi venas de la
+avo, kaj mi iras nun al la onklo. Mi estas tiel forta, kiel vi.
+Nun mi legas, vi legas, kaj li legas, ni &#265;iuj legas. Vi
+skribas, kaj la infanoj skribas, ili (vi) &#265;iuj sidas silente
+kaj skribas.</p>
+
+<p>Mia hundo, vi estas tre fidela. Li estas mia onklo, &#265;ar
+mia patro estas lia frato. El &#265;iuj miaj infanoj, Ernesto
+estas la plej juna. Lia patro kaj liaj fratoj estas en la
+&#285;ardeno. &#349;ia onklo estas en la domo. Kie estas viaj
+libroj? Niaj libroj ku&#349;as sur la tablo; iliaj krajonoj kaj
+ilia papero anka&#365; ku&#349;as sur la tablo.</p>
+
+<p>Kiu estas en la &#265;ambro? Kiuj estas en la &#265;ambro? La
+sinjoro, kiu legas, estas mia amiko. La sinjoro, al kiu vi
+skribas, estas tajloro. Kio ku&#349;as sur la tablo?</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 5.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>The use of final</i> <b>n</b>.</center>
+
+<!-- =============================018.png============================ -->
+<p>In order to understand the meaning of a sentence it is
+necessary to be able to recognise clearly and unmistakably what
+it is that is spoken about, that is, what the <i>subject of the
+sentence</i> is. In English this is often to be recognised only
+by its position in the sentence. For instance, the three
+words&mdash;visited, John, George, can be arranged to mean two
+entirely, different things, either "John visited George," or
+"George visited John." [Footnote: In teaching Esperanto to
+children it is well to make sure before going further that they
+thoroughly understand, what the subject is. <i>The subject is
+that which we think or speak about. The word which stands for it
+is the subject of the sentence</i>. The children may be required
+to underline the subject of each sentence in a suitable piece of
+prose or verse.] In Esperanto the sense does not depend on the
+arrangement&mdash;" <i>Johano vizitis Georgon</i>" and
+"<i>Georgon vizitis Johano</i>" mean exactly the same thing, that
+John visited George, the <b>n</b> at the end of "Georgon" showing
+that "Georgon" is <b>not</b> the subject. There is no want of
+clearness about the following (Esperanto) sentences, absurd as
+they are in English:&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><i>La</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>patron</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>mordis</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>la</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>hundo.</i></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center">The</td>
+<td align="center">father</td>
+<td align="center">bit</td>
+<td align="center">the</td>
+<td align="center">dog.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><i>La</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>infanon</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>gratis</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>la</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>kato.</i></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center">The</td>
+<td align="center">child</td>
+<td align="center">scratched</td>
+<td align="center">the</td>
+<td align="center">cat.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><i>La</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>birdojn</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>pafis</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>Johano.</i></td>
+<td align="center"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center">The</td>
+<td align="center">birds</td>
+<td align="center">shot</td>
+<td align="center">John.</td>
+<td align="center"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><i>La</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>musojn</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>kaptis</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>la</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>knabo.</i></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center">The</td>
+<td align="center">mice</td>
+<td align="center">caught</td>
+<td align="center">the</td>
+<td align="center">boy.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><i>La</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>kokidon</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>man&#285;is</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>la</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>onklo.</i></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center">The</td>
+<td align="center">chicken</td>
+<td align="center">ate</td>
+<td align="center">the</td>
+<td align="center">uncle.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><i>La</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>bildon</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>pentris</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>la</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>pentristo.</i></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center">The</td>
+<td align="center">picture</td>
+<td align="center">painted</td>
+<td align="center">the</td>
+<td align="center">painter.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="5"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><i>La</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>fi&#349;ojn</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>vendis</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>la</i></td>
+<td align="center"><i>fi&#349;isto.</i></td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="center">The</td>
+<td align="center">fish</td>
+<td align="center">sold</td>
+<td align="center">the</td>
+<td align="center">fisherman.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>In these sentences the subjects are at once seen to be
+<i>hundo, kato, Johano, knabo, onklo, pentristo,
+fi&#349;isto</i>, for the final <b>n</b> in <i>patron, infanon,
+birdojn, musojn, kokidon, bildon, fi&#349;ojn</i>, distinguishes
+these words from the subject.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================019.png============================ -->
+<p>This use of <b>n</b> renders clear sentences that are not
+clear in English. "John loves Mary more than George" may mean
+"more than John loves George" or "more than George loves Mary."
+In Esperanto it is quite clear. "<i>Johano amas Marion, pli ol
+Georgo</i>" means "more than George loves Mary," because "Georgo"
+is the subject of the second (elliptical) sentence, but
+"<i>Johano amas Marion, pli ol Georgon</i>" means "more than John
+loves George," because the final <b>n</b> in Georgon shows this
+to be <b>not</b> the subject.</p>
+
+<p>There are cases, however, in which it is not necessary to add
+<b>n</b>, the noun or pronoun being distinguished from the
+subject in another way. Examples are found in the first
+exercise:&mdash;<i>Sur la tero</i> ku&#349;as &#349;tono, <i>On
+the ground</i> lies a stone. <i>Anta&#365; la pordo</i> staras
+arbo, <i>Before the door</i> stands a tree. Notwithstanding their
+position, "ground" and "door" are seen to be <i>not</i> the
+subject, because before them are the words "on," "before," which
+connect them with the rest of the sentence&mdash;it is "on the
+ground," "before the door." So with other sentences.</p>
+
+<p>The words <i>on</i>, <i>before</i>, and others given [in
+Lesson 26] are called <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">prepositions</span> <!-- [sic] -->
+(<i>pre</i> = before). The noun or pronoun which follows them can
+never be the subject of the sentence.</p>
+
+<p>Remember, then, that <!-- [sic] -->
+</p>
+
+<p><b>N</b> is added to every noun and pronoun, <i>other than the
+subject</i>, unless it has a preposition before it. [Footnote:
+(i.). The explanation usually given for the use of final <b>n</b>
+is, that <b>n</b> is added to nouns and pronouns (a) in the
+Accusative Case (the direct object), (b) when the preposition is
+omitted. The explanation given above seems to me, however, to be
+much simpler. (ii.). Another use of final <b>n</b> is given later
+[Lesson 12, Lesson 26] ]</p>
+
+<p>When the noun takes <b>n</b>, any adjective which belongs to
+it must also take <b>n</b>, as, <i>Li donas al mi belan
+ru&#285;an floron</i>, He gives me a beautiful red flower. <i>Li
+donas al mi belajn ru&#285;ajn florojn</i>, He gives me beautiful
+red flowers.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================020.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>letero</i>, letter.<br>
+ <i>litero</i>, letter of alphabet.<br>
+ <i>festo</i>, festival, holiday.<br>
+ <i>tago</i>, day.<br>
+ <i>nokto</i>, night.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>mateno</i>, morning.<br>
+ <i>multaj</i>, many.<br>
+ <i>obstina</i>, obstinate.<br>
+ <i>&#285;oja</i>, joyful, joyous.<br>
+ <i>hela</i>, bright, clear.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>amas</i>, loves.<br>
+ <i>vidas</i>, sees.<br>
+ <i>konas</i>, knows.<br>
+ <i>havas</i>, has, possesses.<br>
+ <i>luno</i>, moon.<br>
+ <i>stelo</i>, star.<br>
+ <i>vintro</i>, winter.<br>
+ <i>forno</i>, stove.<br>
+ <i>edzino</i>, wife.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>pala</i>, pale.<br>
+ <i>deziras</i>, desires, wishes.<br>
+ <i>eraras</i>, errs, is wrong.<br>
+ <i>vokas</i>, calls.<br>
+ <i>hejtas</i>, heats.<br>
+ <i>hodia&#365;</i>, to-day.<br>
+ <i>malpli</i>, less.<br>
+ <i>kiam</i>, when.<br>
+ <i>kia</i>, what (kind).</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Mi vidas leonon (leonojn). Mi legas libron (librojn). Mi amas
+la patron. Mi konas Johanon. La patro ne legas libron, sed li
+skribas leteron. Mi ne amas obstinajn homojn. Mi deziras al vi
+bonan tagon, sinjoro. Bonan matenon! &#284;ojan feston (mi
+deziras al vi). Kia &#285;oja festo (estas hodia&#365;)! En la
+tago ni vidas la helan sunon, kaj en la nokto ni vidas la palan
+lunon kaj la belajn stelojn. Ni havas pli fre&#349;an panon, ol
+vi. Ne, vi eraras, sinjoro, via pano estas malpli fre&#349;a, ol
+mia. Ni vokas la knabon, kaj li venos. En la vintro oni hejtas la
+fornojn. Kiam oni estas ri&#265;a, oni havas multajn amikojn. Li
+amas min, sed mi lin ne amas. Sinjoro P. kaj lia edzino tre amas
+miajn infanojn; mi anka&#365; tre amas iliajn (infanojn). Mi ne
+konas la sinjoron, kiu legas.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 6.</b></center>
+
+<p>We have seen already (Lesson 1) that the words which end in
+<b>-as</b> express the idea of <i>doing</i> (action) or of
+<i>being</i> (state), and that they assert that this action or
+state is going on, or is a custom, at the present time, as <i>Mi
+vidas</i>, I see; <i>&#348;i estas</i>, She is; <i>Ili
+suferas</i>, They suffer, they are suffering.</p>
+
+<p>To say that the action or state took place at some <i>past</i>
+time, <b>-is</b> is used, as <i>Mi vidis</i>, I saw; <i>&#348;i
+estis</i>, She was; <i>Ili suferis</i>, They suffered, they were
+suffering.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================021.png============================ -->
+<p>To say that the action or state will take place at some time
+to come, in the future, <b>-os</b> is used, as, <i>Mi vidos</i>,
+I shall see; <i>&#348;i estos</i>, She will be; <i>Ili
+suferos</i>, They will suffer, they will be suffering.</p>
+
+<p><i>(Words which assert something, or which express the idea of
+doing or of being, are called <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Verbs</span>).</i></p>
+
+<p><i>(The root only of the verbs will now be given in the
+Vocabulary without the</i> termination<i>).</i></p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>historio</i>, history.<br>
+ <i>kuzo</i>, cousin.<br>
+ <i>plezuro</i>, pleasure.<br>
+ <i>horlo&#285;o</i>, clock.<br>
+ <i>laboro</i>, work.<br>
+ <i>popolo</i>, a people.<br>
+ <i>virino</i>, woman.<br>
+ <i>a&#285;o</i>, age.<br>
+ <i>jaro</i>, year.<br>
+ <i>permeso</i>, permission.<br>
+ <i>respond-</i>, answer.<br>
+ <i>far-</i>, do, make.<br>
+ <i>forpel-</i>, drive away.<br>
+ <i>ricev-</i>, receive, get.<br>
+ <i>don-</i>, give.<br>
+ <i>trov-</i>, find.<br>
+ <i>renkont-</i>, meet.<br>
+ <i>salut-</i>, greet, salute.<br>
+ <i>rakont-</i>, relate, tell.<br>
+ <i>vizit-</i>, visit.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>dorm-</i>, sleep.<br>
+ <i>vek-</i>, wake.<br>
+ <i>ser&#265;-</i>, seek.<br>
+ <i>fin-</i>, end.<br>
+ <i>tim-</i>, fear.<br>
+ <i>ating-</i>, reach to.<br>
+ <i>surda</i>, deaf.<br>
+ <i>muta</i>, dumb.<br>
+ <i>dol&#265;a</i>, sweet.<br>
+ <i>tri</i>, three.<br>
+ <i>dek-kvin</i>, fifteen.<br>
+ <i>kial</i>, why.<br>
+ <i>hiera&#365;</i>, yesterday.<br>
+ <i>morga&#365;</i>, to-morrow.<br>
+ <i>anta&#365;</i>, before.<br>
+ <i>post</i>, after.<br>
+ <i>jam</i>, already.<br>
+ <i>jam ne</i>, no more.<br>
+ <i>ankora&#365;</i>, still, yet.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Kial vi ne respondas al mi? &#264;u vi estas surda a&#365;
+muta? Kion vi faras?</p>
+
+<!-- =============================022.png============================ -->
+<p>La knabo forpelis la birdojn. De la patro mi ricevis libron,
+kaj de la frato mi ricevis plumon. La patro donis al mi
+dol&#265;an pomon. Jen estas la pomo, kiun mi trovis. Hiera&#365;
+mi renkontis vian filon, kaj li &#285;entile salutis min.
+Anta&#365; tri tagoj mi vizitis vian kuzon, kaj mia vizito faris
+al li plezuron. Kiam mi venis al li, li dormis, sed mi lin
+vekis.</p>
+
+<p>Mi rakontos al vi historion. &#264;u vi diros al mi la veron?
+Hodia&#365; estas sabato, kaj morga&#365; estos diman&#265;o.
+Hiera&#365; estis vendredo, kaj postmorga&#365; estos lundo.
+&#264;u vi jam trovis vian horlo&#285;on? Mi &#285;in
+ankora&#365; ne ser&#265;is; kiam mi finos mian laboron, mi
+ser&#265;os mian horlo&#285;on, sed mi timas, ke mi &#285;in jam
+ne trovos. Se vi nin venkos, la popolo diros, ke nur virinojn vi
+venkis. Kiam vi atingos la a&#285;on de dek-kvin jaroj, vi
+ricevos la permeson.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 7.</b></center>
+
+<p>Confusion is apt to occur in English in the use of the words
+<i>him, her, it, them; his, hers, its, their</i>, e.g., "John
+loves his brother and his children." Whose children, John's or
+his brother's? "The boys brought to their fathers their hats."
+Whose hats, the boys' or their fathers'? "She gave her sister her
+book." Whose book? Her own or her sister's?</p>
+
+<p>This confusion is avoided in Esperanto by the use of, the
+pronoun <b>si</b> (<i>sin</i>), meaning <i>himself, herself,
+itself, themselves</i>, and <b>sia,</b> meaning <i>his own, her
+own, its own, their own.</i></p>
+
+<!-- =============================023.png============================ -->
+<p><i>Si</i> (<i>sin, sia</i>) refers to the <i>subject</i> of
+the sentence <i>in which it occurs;</i> therefore in the sentence
+"John loves his brother and his son," it must be <i>"Johano amas
+sian fraton kaj</i> <b>sian</b> <i>filon</i>" if it is his own
+(John's) son, because John is the subject, but we must say
+"<i>lian</i> filon" if the brother's son is meant. "<i>La knaboj
+alportis al siaj patroj siajn &#265;apelojn</i>" means "The boys
+brought to their fathers their own (the boys') hats," because
+"boys" is the subject, but if we mean "the fathers' hats" it must
+be "<i>iliajn</i> &#265;apelojn."</p>
+
+<p>"She gave to her sister her book" must be "<i>&#348;i donis al
+sia fratino</i> sian <i>libron</i>" if it were her own book, but
+"&#348;i <i>donis al sia fratino</i> &#349;ian <i>libron</i>" if
+it were her sister's book. "<i>Li diris al si</i>..." means "He
+said to himself," but "<i>Li diris al li</i>" means that he said
+it to another person.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Si</i>," "<i>sia</i>," can only <i>refer to</i> the
+subject, it cannot be the subject itself or any part of it;
+therefore we must say "<i>Sinjoro P. kaj</i> lia <i>edzino tre
+amas miajn infanojn</i>," because the subject is "<i>Sinjoro P.
+kaj lia edzino</i>."</p>
+
+<p>"<b>Mem,</b>" self, is only used for emphasis, <i>e.g.</i>,
+"<i>Mi mem</i>," my (own) self.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>gasto</i>, guest.<br>
+ <i>vespero</i>, evening.<br>
+ <i>man&#285;o</i>, meal.<br>
+ <i>pupo</i>, doll.<br>
+ <i>aventuro</i>, adventure.<br>
+ <i>palaco</i>, palace.<br>
+ <i>zorg-</i>, take care of.<br>
+ <i>gard-</i>, guard.<br>
+ <i>am-</i>, love.<br>
+ <i>akompan-</i>, accompany.<br>
+ <i>lav-</i>, wash.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>montr-</i>, show.<br>
+ <i>fleg-</i>, tend, take care of<br>
+ <i>re-ven-</i>, come back.<br>
+ <i>pri</i>, concerning, about.<br>
+ <i>&#285;is</i>, until, as far as.<br>
+ <i>tute</i>, quite, wholly.<br>
+ <i>tute ne</i>, not at all.<br>
+ <i>kun</i>, with.<br>
+ <i>el</i>, out of.<br>
+ <i>el-ir-</i>, go out of.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================024.png============================ -->
+<p>Mi amas min mem, vi amas vin mem, li amas sin mem kaj &#265;iu
+homo amas sin mem. Mi zorgas pri &#349;i tiel, kiel mi zorgas pri
+mi mem, sed &#349;i mem tute ne zorgas pri si, kaj tute sin ne
+gardas. Miaj fratoj havis hodia&#365; gastojn; post la
+vesperman&#285;o niaj fratoj eliris kun la gastoj el sia domo kaj
+akompanis ilin &#285;is ilia domo. Mi lavis min en mia
+&#265;ambro, kaj &#349;i lavis sin en sia &#265;ambro. La infano
+ser&#265;is sian pupon; mi montris al la infano, kie ku&#349;as
+&#285;ia pupo. [Footnote: Notice the use of the present
+"ku&#349;as," <i>lies</i>, after the past "montris,"
+<i>showed</i>, because at the time the action of "showing" took
+place the action of "lying" was then actually going on.]</p>
+
+<p>&#348;i rakontis al li sian aventuron. &#348;i revenis al la
+palaco de sia patro. Siajn florojn &#349;i ne flegis. Mia frato
+diris al Stefano, ke li amas lin pli, ol sin mem.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 8.</b></center>
+
+The Cardinal Numbers are:&mdash;
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="16">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top">unu, 1<br>
+ du, 2<br>
+ tri, 3</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top">kvar, 4<br>
+ kvin, 5<br>
+ ses, 6</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top">sep, 7<br>
+ ok, 8<br>
+ na&#365;, 9</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top">dek, 10<br>
+ cent, 100<br>
+ mil, 1,000</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>The numbers above 10 are written and read exactly as they are
+set down in figures:&mdash;11, dek unu; 12, dek du; 13, dek tri;
+19, dek na&#365;. The "tens" are written as one word, 20, dudek;
+30, tridek; 90, na&#365;dek; 23, dudek tri; 47, kvardek sep; 85,
+okdek kvin; 136, cent tridek ses; 208, ducent (as one word) ok;
+359, tricent kvindek na&#365;; 1,001, mil unu; 2,877, dumil
+okcent sepdek sep; 1907, mil na&#365;cent sep.</p>
+
+<p>Notice that there is a separate word for each figure except 0,
+nulo.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>bu&#349;o</i>, mouth.<br>
+ <i>orelo</i>, ear.<br>
+ <i>fingro</i>, finger.<br>
+ <i>horo</i>, hour.<br>
+ <i>minuto</i>, minute.<br>
+ <i>sekundo</i>, second.<br>
+ <i>monato</i>, month.<br>
+ <i>semajno</i>, week.<br>
+ <i>dato</i>, date (of month, etc.).<br>
+ <i>pov-</i>, can, be able.<br>
+ <i>promen-</i>, take a walk.<br>
+ <i>konsist-</i>, consist.<br>
+ <i>elekt-</i>, choose, elect.<br>
+ <i>forges-</i>, forget.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kre-</i>, create.<br>
+ <i>estu</i>, should be.<br>
+ <i>facile</i>, easily.<br>
+ <i>sankta</i>, holy.<br>
+ <i>unuj</i>, some.<br>
+ <i>alia</i>, other.<br>
+ <i>&#265;io</i>, everything, all.<br>
+ <i>multe</i>, much, many.<br>
+ <i>per</i>, by means of, through, with.<br>
+ <i>nur</i>, only.<br>
+ <i>malbona</i>, bad.<br>
+ <i>Kristnaska Tago</i>, Christmas Day.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>Januaro</i>, January.<br>
+ <i>Februaro</i>, February.<br>
+ <i>Marto</i>, March.<br>
+ <i>Aprilo</i>, April.<br>
+ <i>Majo</i>, May.<br>
+ <i>Junio</i>, June.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>Julio</i>, July.<br>
+ <i>A&#365;gusto</i>, August.<br>
+ <i>Septembro</i>, September.<br>
+ <i>Oktobro</i>, October.<br>
+ <i>Novembro</i>, November.<br>
+ <i>Decembro</i>, December.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================025.png============================ -->
+<p>Du homoj povas pli multe fari, ol unu. Mi havas nur unu
+bu&#349;on, sed mi havas du orelojn. Li promenas kun tri hundoj.
+Li faris &#265;ion per la dek fingroj de siaj manoj. El &#349;iaj
+multaj infanoj unuj estas bonaj kaj aliaj malbonaj. Kvin kaj sep
+faras dek du. Dek kaj dek faras dudek. Kvar kaj dek ok faras
+dudek du. Tridek kaj kvardek kvin faras sepdek kvin. Mil okcent
+na&#365;dek tri. Li havas dek unu infanojn. Sesdek minutoj faras
+unu horon, kaj unu minuto konsistas el sesdek sekundoj.</p>
+
+<center><b>8a.</b></center>
+
+<p>The Ordinal Numbers, first, second, etc., are formed by adding
+<i>a</i> to the Cardinal Numbers, as <i>unua</i>, first;
+<i>dua</i>, second; <i>tria</i>, third; <i>kvara</i>, fourth;
+<i>deka</i>, tenth; <i>centa</i>, hundredth; <i>mila</i>,
+thousandth. The compound numbers are joined together by hyphens,
+and <i>a</i> is added to the last, as <i>dek-unua</i>, eleventh;
+<i>la tridek-na&#365;a pa&#285;o</i>, the thirty-ninth page; la
+<i>cent-kvardek-kvina psalmo</i>, the 145th psalm. Being
+adjectives, the Ordinal Numbers take the plural <i>j</i> and
+accusative <i>n</i> when necessary.</p>
+
+<p>The Ordinals are used to tell the hour, as <i>Estas la trio,
+horo</i>, It is 3 o'clock. The Cardinal Numbers are used for the
+minutes, as "A quarter past three" is "<i>La tria horo kaj
+dek-kvin</i>"; "Ten minutes to five," "<i>La kvara horo kaj
+kvindek</i>."</p>
+
+<!-- =============================026.png============================ -->
+<p>Januaro estas la unua monato de la jaro, Aprilo estas la
+kvara, Novembro estas la dek-unua, kaj Decembro estas la dek-dua.
+La dudeka (tago) de Februaro estas la kvindek-unua tago de la
+jaro. La sepan tagon de la semajno Dio elektis, ke &#285;i estu
+pli sankta, ol la ses unuaj tagoj. Kion Dio kreis en la sesa
+tago? Kiun daton ni havas hodia&#365;? Hodia&#365; estas la
+dudek-sepa (tago) de Marto. Kristnaska Tago estas la dudek-kvina
+(tago) de Decembro, Novjara Tago estas la unua de Januaro. Oni ne
+forgesas facile sian unuan amon.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 9.</b></center>
+
+<p>The names of certain quantities are formed from the cardinal
+numbers by adding "o," as <i>dekduo</i>, a dozen; <i>dudeko</i>,
+a score; <i>cento</i>, a hundred; <i>milo</i>, a thousand. These
+names, as well as names of quantities generally, require to be
+followed by "da," of, as <i>dekduo da birdoj</i>, a dozen (of)
+birds, but <i>dekdu birdoj</i>, twelve birds; <i>dudeko da
+pomoj</i>, a score of apples; <i>cento da &#349;afoj</i>, or
+<i>cent &#349;afoj</i>, a hundred sheep; <i>milo da homoj</i>, a
+thousand people; <i>miloj da homoj</i>, thousands of people.</p>
+
+<p>When these expressions form the object of the verb, it is the
+name of the number which takes <i>-n</i>, not the noun which
+follows <i>da</i>, as <i>Li a&#265;etis dudekon da
+&#349;afoj</i>, He bought a score of sheep.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>firstly, secondly</i>, etc., <i>-e</i> is added to the
+number, as <i>unue</i>, firstly; <i>kvine</i>, fifthly;
+<i>deke</i>, tenthly. (See Lesson 12).</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>urbo</i>, town.<br>
+ <i>lo&#285;anto</i>, inhabitant.<br>
+ <i>kulero</i>, spoon.<br>
+ <i>forko</i>, fork.<br>
+ <i>mono</i>, money.<br>
+ <i>prunto</i>, loan.<br>
+ <i>metro</i>, metre.<br>
+ <i>&#349;tofo</i>, stuff.<br>
+ <i>franko</i>, franc (about 10d.).<br>
+ <i>atakanto</i>, assailant.<br>
+ <i>pago</i>, payment.<br>
+ <i>miliono</i>, a million.<br>
+ <i>prunt-</i>, lend.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>a&#265;et-</i>, buy.<br>
+ <i>dank-</i>, thank.<br>
+ <i>pet-</i>, beg, request.<br>
+ <i>bezon-</i>, want, need.<br>
+ <i>kost-</i>, cost.<br>
+ <i>poste</i>, afterwards.<br>
+ <i>tiu &#265;i</i>, this.<br>
+ <i>por</i>, for.<br>
+ <i>re-</i>, <i>prefix, meaning</i> again <i>or</i> back.<br>
+ <i>tial</i>, therefore.<br>
+ <i>a&#365;</i>, or.<br>
+ <i>da</i>, of (after a quantity).</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================027.png============================ -->
+<p>Mi havas cent pomojn. Mi havas centon da pomoj. Tiu &#265;i
+urbo havas milionon da lo&#285;antoj. Mi a&#265;etis dekduon da
+kuleroj, kaj du dekduojn da forkoj. Mil jaroj (a&#365;, milo da
+jaroj) faras miljaron.</p>
+
+<p>Unue mi redonas al vi la monon, kiun vi pruntis al mi; due mi
+dankas vin por la prunto; trie mi petas vin anka&#365; poste
+prunti al mi, kiam mi bezonos monon.</p>
+
+<center><b>9a</b>.</center>
+
+<p>To express a certain part or fraction, "<b>-on-</b>" is added
+to the number specifying what part, as 1/2, unu <i>duono</i>;
+1/3, unu <i>triono</i>; 1/4, unu <i>kvarono</i>; 1/10, unu
+<i>dekono</i>; 1/1000 unu <i>milono</i>; 1/1000000, unu
+<i>milionono</i>. These words, being nouns, take "<i>j</i>" and
+"<i>n</i>" when required&mdash;3/10, <i>tri dekonoj</i>; 27/200,
+<i>dudek-sep ducentonoj</i>; 19/1000, <i>dekna&#365; milonoj. Mi
+man&#285;is tri kvaronojn de la kuko</i>, I ate three-quarters of
+the cake (see Lesson 35).</p>
+
+<p>To express so many times a number <b>-obl-</b> is added to the
+number, as <i>duobla</i>, double; <i>dekoble</i>, ten times;
+<i>trioble kvar estas (</i>or <i>faras) dekdu</i>, three times
+four are twelve; <i>sepoble ok faras kvindek ses</i>, seven times
+eight make fifty-six.</p>
+
+<p>To express <i>by twos, by tens</i>, etc., <b>-op-</b> is added
+to the number, as <i>duope</i>, by twos, or two together;
+<i>dekope</i>, by tens; <i>kvindekope</i>, by fifties, fifty
+together, or fifty at a time.</p>
+
+<p>Tri estas duono de ses, ok estas kvar kvinonoj de dek. Kvar
+metroj da tiu &#265;i &#349;tofo kostas na&#365; frankojn, tial
+du metroj kostas kvar kaj duonon frankojn (a&#365; da frankoj).
+Unu tago estas tricent-sesdek-kvinono, a&#365;
+tricent-sesdek-sesono de jaro.</p>
+
+<p>Kvinoble sep estas tridek kvin. Por &#265;iu tago mi ricevas
+kvin frankojn, sed por la hodia&#365;a tago mi ricevis duoblan
+pagon, t.e. (= tio estas) dek frankojn.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================028.png============================ -->
+<p>Tiuj &#265;i du amikoj promenas &#265;iam duope. Kvinope ili
+sin &#309;etis sur min, sed mi venkis &#265;iujn kvin
+atakantojn.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 10.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Verbs</b> (<i>continued</i>), <b>-i, -u.</b></center>
+
+<p>In the examples already given the verbs ending in <i>-as</i>,
+<i>-is</i>, <i>-os</i> express <i>action</i> or <i>being</i>
+(<i>state</i>) going on in present, past, or future time, as
+<i>Mi skribas</i>, I am writing; <i>Li legis</i>, He read; <i>Ni
+iros</i>, We shall go.</p>
+
+<p>If we wish merely to express the idea of action or state
+indefinitely, without reference to any time or any subject, the
+verb must end in <b>-i,</b> as <i>Vivi</i>, To live; <i>Mi
+deziras lerni</i>, I wish to learn; <i>Ni devas labori</i>, We
+must work.</p>
+
+<p>(This is called the <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Indefinite</span> or <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Infinitive</span> Mood (manner of
+expression), because not limited by reference to time or
+subject).</p>
+
+<p>To give an <i>order</i> or <i>command</i>, or to express
+<i>will, desire, purpose</i>, etc., the verb must end in
+<b>u,</b> as <i>Donu al mi panon</i>, Give (to) me bread; <i>Iru
+for</i>, Go away; <i>Estu feli&#265;a</i>, May you be happy!
+<i>Vivu la re&#285;o!</i> (Long) live the king!</p>
+
+<p>In such cases as Tell <i>him to come</i>, I want <i>you to
+sing</i>, Allow <i>her to speak</i>, we have to use a second
+sentence with the verb ending in "<i>u</i>," and beginning with
+"<i>ke</i>," that, as <i>Diru al li, ke li venu</i>, Tell (say
+to) him, that he come; <i>Mi deziras, ke vi kantu</i>, I wish,
+that you sing; <i>Permesu al &#349;i, ke &#349;i parolu</i>,
+Allow her, that she speak. Sentences like the last are often
+contracted, only the last subject and verb being used, as
+<i>&#348;i parolu</i>, Let her speak; <i>&#284;i ku&#349;u</i>,
+Let it lie; <i>Ni iru</i>, Let us go; <i>Ili dormu</i>, Let them
+sleep. <i>&#264;u vi volas ke mi tion faru?</i> Do you wish me to
+do that? <i>&#264;u mi tion faru?</i> Shall I do that?</p>
+
+<!-- =============================029.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>nomo</i>, name.<br>
+ <i>vesto</i>, coat, clothing.<br>
+ <i>kandelo</i>, candle.<br>
+ <i>dometo</i>, cottage.<br>
+ <i>akvo</i>, water.<br>
+ <i>spegulo</i>, looking-glass.<br>
+ <i>est-</i>, be.<br>
+ <i>tu&#349;-</i>, touch.<br>
+ <i>a&#365;skult-</i>, listen.<br>
+ <i>pardon-</i>, pardon.<br>
+ <i>uz-</i>, use.<br>
+ <i>ordon-</i>, order.<br>
+ <i>babil-</i>, chatter.<br>
+ <i>send-</i>, send.<br>
+ <i>trink-</i>, drink.<br>
+ <i>vol-</i>, will, wish.<br>
+ <i>bat-</i>, beat.<br>
+ <i>kura&#285;-</i>, have courage</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>rajd-</i>, ride.<br>
+ <i>las-</i>, let, leave.<br>
+ <i>kur-</i>, run.<br>
+ <i>parol-</i>, speak.<br>
+ <i>viv-</i>, live, have life.<br>
+ <i>rest-</i>, rest, remain.<br>
+ <i>honesta</i>, honest.<br>
+ <i>inda</i>, worthy.<br>
+ <i>atenta</i>, attentive.<br>
+ <i>kara</i>, dear.<br>
+ <i>gaja</i>, gay, cheerful.<br>
+ <i>tia</i>, such.<br>
+ <i>longa</i>, long.<br>
+ <i>sincera</i>, sincere.<br>
+ <i>for</i>, away, forth.<br>
+ <i>forte</i>, strongly.<br>
+ <i>sole</i>, alone.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Donu al la birdoj akvon, &#265;ar ili volas trinki. Aleksandro
+ne volas lerni, kaj tial mi batas Aleksandron. Kiu kura&#285;as
+rajdi sur leono? Mi volis lin bati, sed li forkuris de mi.</p>
+
+<p>Al leono ne donu la manon. Rakontu al mia juna amiko belan
+historion. Diru al la patro, ke mi estas diligenta. Diru al mi
+vian nomon. Ne skribu al mi tiajn longajn leterojn. Montru al mi
+vian novan veston. Infano, ne tu&#349;u la spegulon. Karaj
+infanoj, estu &#265;iam honestaj. Ne a&#365;skultu lin.</p>
+
+<p>Li diras, ke mi estas atenta. Li petas, ke mi estu atenta.
+Ordonu al li, ke li ne babilu. Petu lin, ke li sendu al mi
+kandelon. La dometo estas inda, ke vi &#285;in a&#265;etu.
+&#348;i forte deziris, ke li restu viva.</p>
+
+<p>Li venu, kaj mi pardonos al li. Ni estu gajaj, ni uzu bone la
+vivon, &#265;ar la vivo ne estas longa. Li ne venu sole, sed
+alvenu kun sia plej bona amiko. Mi jam havas mian &#265;apelon;
+nun ser&#265;u vi vian.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================030.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 11.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Verbs</b> (<i>continued</i>), <b>-us.</b></center>
+
+<p>Sometimes we want to express a <i>supposition</i>, to say that
+something <i>would</i> take place, supposing that something else,
+which is not likely to occur, were to do so, or that something
+<i>would have</i> taken place if something else which did not
+occur had done so. In this case the verb must end with
+<b>-us</b>, as, If I were well (which I am not) I should be happy
+(which also I am not), <i>Se mi estus sana, mi estus
+feli&#265;a</i>. If he knew (supposition) that I am here (a fact)
+he would immediately come to me (supposition), <i>Se li scius, ke
+mi estas tie &#265;i, li tuj venus al mi</i>. Compare the two
+following sentences:&mdash; (i.). <i>Kvankam vi estas ri&#265;a,
+mi dubas, &#265;u vi estas feli&#265;a</i>, Though you are (in
+fact) rich, I doubt whether you are (in fact) happy, (ii.).
+<i>Kvankam vi estus ri&#265;a, mi dubas, &#265;u, vi estus
+feli&#265;a</i>, Though (supposing that) you were rich, I doubt
+whether you would be happy.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>lernanto</i>, pupil.<br>
+ <i>leciono</i>, lesson.<br>
+ <i>instruanto</i>, teacher,<br>
+ <i>sci-</i>, know.<br>
+ <i>pun-</i>, punish.<br>
+ <i>estim-</i>, esteem.<br>
+ <i>lev-</i>, lift, raise.<br>
+ <i>ten-</i>, hold, keep.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>pen-</i>, endeavour.<br>
+ <i>imit-</i>, imitate,<br>
+ <i>kvaza&#365;</i>, as if.<br>
+ <i>io</i>, something.<br>
+ <i>efektive</i>, really.<br>
+ <i>supren</i>, upwards.<br>
+ <i>kvankam</i>, though.<br>
+ <i>se</i>, if.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Se la lernanto scius bone sian lecionon, la instruanto lin ne
+punus. Se vi scius, kiu li estas, vi lin pli estimus. Ili levis
+unu manon supren, kvaza&#365; ili ion tenus. Se mi efektive estus
+bela, aliaj penus min imiti. Ho! se mi jam havus la a&#285;on de
+dekkvin jaroj!</p>
+
+<!-- =============================031.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 12.</b></center>
+
+<p>When we tell of someone doing a certain action we often want
+to allude to some circumstance concerning that action, such as
+the time, or place, or manner in which it was done, that is,
+when, or where, or how it was done.</p>
+
+<p>In the sentences&mdash;Yesterday I met your son,
+<i>Hiera&#365; mi renkontis vian filon</i>; He will go in the
+evening, <i>Li iros vespere</i>; They sat there, <i>Ili sidis
+tie</i>; She will remain at home, <i>&#348;i restos hejme</i>;
+Good children learn diligently, <i>Bonaj infanoj lernas
+diligente</i>; I will do it with pleasure, <i>Mi faros &#285;in
+plezure</i>, the words <i>hiera&#365;, vespere</i>, show the
+time, <i>tie, hejme</i>, show the place, and <i>diligente,
+plezure</i>, show the manner of the action.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- no, *not* italicized like other earlier similar statements -->
+(Because these words relate to the verb they are called <span
+style="font-variant: small-caps">Adverbs</span>).</p>
+
+<p>Adverbs may be formed from any word whose sense admits of it,
+and especially from adjectives, by means of the termination
+<b>e</b>, as <i>bona</i>, good, <i>bone</i>, well;
+<i>anta&#365;</i> before, <i>anta&#365;e</i>, previously or
+formerly; <i>mateno</i>, morning, <i>matene</i>, in the morning;
+<i>sekvi</i>, to follow, <i>sekve</i>, consequently.</p>
+
+<p>When we want the adverb to show "direction towards" any place,
+time, etc., either actually or figuratively, <b>n</b> is added,
+as <i>Li alkuris hejmen</i>, He ran home. <i>Ili levis unu manon
+supren</i>, They raised one hand upwards. <i>Anta&#365;en</i>!
+Forward! (<i>n</i> is also added to nouns to show direction
+towards. <i>Li eniris en la domon</i>, He entered into the
+house).</p>
+
+<p>Some adverbs are used with adjectives and other adverbs to
+show the <i>degree</i> of the quality, quantity, etc., as The
+paper is <i>very</i> white, <i>La papero estas</i> tre
+<i>blanka</i>. <i>Too</i> much speaking tires him, <i>La</i> tro
+<i>multa parolado lacigas lin</i>. I am <i>as</i> strong
+<i>as</i> you, <i>Mi estas</i> tiel <i>forta</i>, kiel <i>vi</i>
+(<i>estas forta</i>). He came <i>very</i> early, <i>Li venis</i>
+tre <i>frue</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================032.png============================ -->
+<p>The following words are in themselves adverbs, and need no
+special ending:&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>hodia&#365;</i>, to-day.<br>
+ <i>hiera&#365;</i>, yesterday.<br>
+ <i>morga&#365;</i>, to-morrow.<br>
+ <i>balda&#365;</i>, soon.<br>
+ <i>ankora&#365;</i>, yet.<br>
+ <i>jam</i>, already.<br>
+ <i>&#309;us</i>, just (time).<br>
+ <i>nun</i>, now.<br>
+ <i>tuj</i>, immediately.<br>
+ <i>denove</i>, again, anew.<br>
+ <i>&#265;i</i>, denotes proximity.<br>
+ <i>jen</i>, here, there, lo, behold.<br>
+ <i>for</i>, away, forth.<br>
+ <i>pli</i>, more.<br>
+ <i>plej</i>, most.<br>
+ <i>plu</i>, further.<br>
+ <i>tre</i>, very.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>tro</i>, too.<br>
+ <i>tute</i>, quite.<br>
+ <i>nur</i>, only.<br>
+ <i>nepre</i>, surely, without fail.<br>
+ <i>preska&#365;</i>, nearly.<br>
+ <i>apena&#365;</i>, scarcely.<br>
+ <i>almena&#365;</i>, at least.<br>
+ <i>amba&#365;</i>, both.<br>
+ <i>anka&#365;</i>, also.<br>
+ <i>ne</i>, not.<br>
+ <i>jes</i>, yes.<br>
+ <i>ja</i>, indeed.<br>
+ <i>e&#265;</i>, even.<br>
+ <i>&#265;u</i>, whether, asks a question.<br>
+ <i>ju ... des</i>, the more...the more.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Comparisons are made with&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><b>pli...ol</b>, more than: <i>Lakto estas pli nutra ol
+vino</i>, Milk is more nutritious than wine.</p>
+
+<p><b>malpli...ol</b>, less than: <i>Vino estas malpli nutra ol
+lakto</i>, Wine is less nutritious than milk.</p>
+
+<p><b>la plej</b>, the most,<br>
+<b>la malplej</b>, the least: <i>El &#265;iuj liaj amikoj Johano
+estas la plej sa&#285;a, kaj Georgo la malplej sa&#285;a</i>, Of
+all his friends John is the wisest, and George the least
+wise.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ju pli...des pli</b>, the more...the more: <i>Ju pli li
+lernas, des pli li deziras lerni</i>, The more he learns, the
+more he wishes to learn.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ju malpli...des malpli</b>, the less...the less: <i>Ju
+malpli li laboras, des malpli li ricevas</i>, The less he works,
+the less he gets.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================033.png============================ -->
+<p><b>Ju pli...des malpli</b>, the more...the less: <i>Ju pli li
+fari&#285;as granda, des malpli li estas forta</i>, The taller he
+becomes, the less strong he is.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ju malpli...des pli</b>, the less...the more: <i>Ju malpli
+li pensas, des pli li parolas</i>, The less he thinks, the more
+he talks.</p>
+
+<p>For comparisons of equality, as...as, so...as, see Lesson
+20.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>pordo</i>, door.<br>
+ <i>kontrakto</i>, contract.<br>
+ <i>pastro</i>, pastor, priest.<br>
+ <i>fero</i>, iron.<br>
+ <i>bastono</i>, stick (rod).<br>
+ <i>stacio</i>, station.<br>
+ <i>stacidomo</i>, station.<br>
+ <i>hejmo</i>, home.<br>
+ <i>furio</i>, fury.<br>
+ <i>&#349;ipano</i>, sailor.<br>
+ <i>kolero</i>, anger.<br>
+ <i>honesto</i>, honesty.<br>
+ <i>dan&#285;ero</i>, danger.<br>
+ <i>koro</i>, heart.<br>
+ <i>oficisto</i>, an official.<br>
+ <i>re&#285;o</i>, king.<br>
+ <i>balo</i>, ball, dance.<br>
+ <i>humoro</i>, humour.<br>
+ <i>tempo</i>, time.<br>
+ <i>sinjorino</i>, lady, Mrs.<br>
+ <i>ferm-</i>, shut.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>sav</i>-, save.<br>
+ <i>da&#365;r</i>-, last, continue.<br>
+ <i>tran&#265;</i>-, cut.<br>
+ <i>ekrigard</i>-, glance.<br>
+ <i>flu</i>-, flow.<br>
+ <i>ag</i>-, act (do).<br>
+ <i>lo&#285;</i>-, live, lodge.<br>
+ <i>brul</i>-, burn (as a fire).<br>
+ <i>vetur</i>-, ride (in a vehicle).<br>
+ <i>aper</i>-, appear.<br>
+ <i>postul</i>-, require, demand.<br>
+ <i>pendig</i>-, hang (something)<br>
+ <i>mort</i>-, die.<br>
+ <i>malsana</i>, ill.<br>
+ <i>varma</i>, warm.<br>
+ <i>varmega</i>, hot.<br>
+ <i>frua</i>, early.<br>
+ <i>plue</i>, further.<br>
+ <i>returne</i>, back.<br>
+ <i>&#265;ar</i>, because, whereas.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================034.png============================ -->
+<p>Resti kun leono estas dan&#285;ere. La tran&#265;ilo
+tran&#265;as bone, &#265;ar &#285;i estas akra. Iru pli rapide.
+Li fermis kolere la pordon. Lia parolo fluas dol&#265;e kaj
+agrable. Ni faris la kontrakton ne skribe, sed parole. Honesta
+homo agas honeste. La pastro, kiu mortis anta&#365; nelonge
+(anta&#365; ne longa tempo), lo&#285;is longe en nia urbo.
+&#264;u vi &#285;in ne ricevis returne? Li estas morte malsana.
+La fera bastono, kiu ku&#349;is en la forno, estas brule varmega.
+Parizo estas tre gaja. Matene frue &#349;i alveturis [Footnote:
+See Lesson 27.] al la stacidomo.</p>
+
+<p>Pardonu al mi, ke mi restis tiel longe. Lia kolero longe
+da&#365;ris. Li estas hodia&#365; en kolera humoro. La re&#285;o
+balda&#365; denove sendis alian bonkoran oficiston. Hodia&#365;
+vespere ni havos balon. Kie vi estas? For de tie-&#265;i!</p>
+
+<p>Kien li forveturis? &#348;i kuris hejmen. Ni iris
+anta&#365;en, kiel furioj. &#264;io estis bona, kaj ni veturis
+pluen. La sinjorino ekrigardis returnen. La &#349;ipanoj
+postulis, ke oni iru returnen. Mi &#285;in pendigis tien &#265;i,
+&#265;ar &#285;i savis mian vivon. Mi neniam sendis tien
+&#265;i.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 13.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Mal-, -in-.</b></center>
+
+<p>In Esperanto certain syllables which have a definite meaning
+are placed at the beginning (prefixes) or end (suffixes) of words
+to alter in some way the meaning of those words.</p>
+
+<p>The prefix <b>mal-</b> gives an exactly opposite meaning to
+the word to which it is prefixed, as <i>dekstra</i>, right
+(hand); <i>maldekstra</i>, left (hand); <i>nova</i>, new;
+<i>malnova</i>, old; <i>helpi</i>, to help, <i>malhelpi</i>, to
+hinder; <i>fermi</i>, to shut, <i>malfermi</i>, to open.</p>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-in-</b> denotes the female sex. From
+<i>viro</i>, [Footnote: The word <i>homo</i> previously given
+(Lesson 2) signifies a human being, a person, without reference
+to sex; <i>viro</i> means a man as distinguished from a woman.] a
+man, we get <i>virino</i>, a woman; <i>filo</i>, son,
+<i>filino</i>, daughter; <i>&#265;evalo</i>, a horse,
+<i>&#265;evalino</i>, a mare; <i>koko</i>, a cock, <i>kokino</i>,
+a hen.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================035.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kresko</i>, growth.<br>
+ <i>haro</i>, hair (substance).<br>
+ <i>haroj</i>, hair (of head).<br>
+ <i>nazo</i>, nose.<br>
+ <i>vojo</i>, road.<br>
+ <i>viro</i>, man.<br>
+ <i>edzo</i>, husband,<br>
+ <i>nepo</i>, grandson.<br>
+ <i>nevo</i>, nephew.<br>
+ <i>bovo</i>, ox.<br>
+ <i>vidvo</i>, widower,<br>
+ <i>fian&#265;o</i>, fianc&eacute;.<br>
+ <i>nenio</i>, nothing.<br>
+ <i>turment-</i>, torment.<br>
+ <i>sent-</i>, feel.<br>
+ <i>ben-</i>, bless.<br>
+ <i>estim-</i>, have esteem for.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ferm-</i>, shut.<br>
+ <i>help-</i>, help.<br>
+ <i>fari&#285;-</i>, become.<br>
+ <i>dekstra</i>, right (hand).<br>
+ <i>meza</i>, middle, medium.<br>
+ <i>dika</i>, thick, stout.<br>
+ <i>mola</i>, soft.<br>
+ <i>luma</i>, light (luminous).<br>
+ <i>nobla</i>, noble (character).<br>
+ <i>rekta</i>, straight.<br>
+ <i>kurba</i>, curved.<br>
+ <i>feli&#265;a</i>, happy.<br>
+ <i>naskita</i>, born.<br>
+ <i>fermita</i>, shut.<br>
+ <i>e&#265;</i>, even.<br>
+ <i>longe</i>, for a long time.<br>
+ <i>denove</i>, anew, again.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Mia frato ne estas granda, sed li ne estas malgranda, li estas
+de meza kresko. Haro estas tre maldika. La nokto estas tiel
+malluma, ke ni nenion povas vidi e&#265; anta&#365; nia nazo. Tiu
+&#265;i malfre&#349;a pano estas malmola, kiel &#349;tono.
+Malbonaj infanoj amas turmenti bestojn. Li sentis sin tiel
+malfeli&#265;a, ke li malbenis la tagon, en kiu li estis naskita.
+Ni forte malestimas tiun &#265;i malnoblan homon. La fenestro
+longe estis nefermita; mi &#285;in fermis, sed mia frato tuj
+&#285;in denove malfermis. Rekta vojo estas pli mallonga, ol
+kurba. Ne estu maldanka.</p>
+
+<p>La edzino de mia patro estas mia patrino, kaj la avino de miaj
+infanoj. Mia fratino estas tre bela knabino. Mia onklino estas
+tre bona virino. Mi vidis vian avinon kun &#349;iaj kvar nepinoj,
+kaj kun mia nevino. Mi havas bovon kaj bovinon. La juna vidvino
+fari&#285;is denove fian&#265;ino.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================036.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 14.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Re-, -ad-, ek-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The prefixes <b>re-</b> and <b>ek-</b> and the suffix
+<b>-ad-</b> are attached to verbs.</p>
+
+<p><b>Re-</b> has nearly the same meaning as in English,
+<i>back</i> or <i>again</i>, as <i>re-pagi</i>, to pay back;
+<i>re-porti</i>, to carry back; <i>re-&#309;eti</i>, to throw
+back; <i>re-salti</i>, to rebound; <i>re-kanti</i> to sing again;
+<i>re-legi</i>, to read over again.</p>
+
+<p><b>-ad-</b> denotes the continuance or continued repetition of
+an action; it means <i>goes on doing</i>, or <i>keeps on
+doing</i>, or <i>is in the habit of</i>, or in the past <i>used
+to</i>, as <i>spiri</i>, to breathe, <i>spirado</i>, respiration;
+<i>movi</i>, to move, <i>movado</i>, continued movement;
+<i>fumi</i>, to smoke, <i>fumado</i>, the habit of smoking;
+<i>a&#365;di</i>, to hear, <i>a&#365;dado</i>, the sense of
+hearing.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ek-</b> has the opposite meaning to <i>-ad-</i>; it
+signifies the beginning of an action, or a short or sudden
+action, as <i>kanti</i>, to sing, <i>ekkanti</i>, to begin to
+sing; <i>ridi</i>, to laugh, <i>ekridi</i>, to burst out
+laughing; <i>krii</i>, to cry or call, <i>ekkrii</i>, to cry out;
+<i>iri</i>, to go, <i>ekiri</i>, to set out; <i>dormi</i>, to
+sleep, <i>ekdormi</i>, to fall asleep.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>rivero</i>, river.<br>
+ <i>lando</i>, land.<br>
+ <i>se&#285;o</i>, seat.<br>
+ <i>da&#365;ro</i>, duration.<br>
+ <i>okupo</i>, occupation.<br>
+ <i>pluvo</i>, rain.<br>
+ <i>vagonaro</i>, train.<br>
+ <i>surprizo</i>, surprise.<br>
+ <i>diamanto</i>, diamond.<br>
+ <i>fulmo</i>, lightning.<br>
+ <i>lumo</i>, a light.<br>
+ <i>paf-</i>, shoot.<br>
+ <i>&#309;et-</i>, throw.<br>
+ <i>a&#365;d-</i>, hear.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>fal-</i>, fall.<br>
+ <i>atend-</i>, wait for, expect.<br>
+ <i>lacig-</i>, make tired.<br>
+ <i>frot-</i>, rub.<br>
+ <i>rigard-</i>, look.<br>
+ <i>elrigard-</i>, look out of.<br>
+ <i>salt-</i>, jump.<br>
+ <i>rapida</i>, quick.<br>
+ <i>klara</i>, clear.<br>
+ <i>lerte</i>, cleverly.<br>
+ <i>energie</i>, energetically.<br>
+ <i>kelke</i>, some.<br>
+ <i>&#265;iuminute</i>, every minute. [See page 84.]<br>
+ <i>tra</i>, through.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================037.png============================ -->
+<p>Li donis al mi monon, sed mi &#285;in tuj redonis al li. Mi
+foriras, sed atendu min, &#265;ar mi balda&#365; revenos. La suno
+rebrilas en la klara akvo de la rivero. Li reiris al sia lando.
+&#348;i re&#309;etis sin sur la se&#285;on.</p>
+
+<p>En la da&#365;ro de kelke da minutoj mi a&#365;dis du pafojn.
+La pafado da&#365;ris tre longe. Lia hiera&#365;a parolo estis
+tre bela, sed la tro multa parolado lacigas lin. Li kantas tre
+belan kanton. La kantado estas agrabla okupo. Per mia mano mi
+energie lin frotadis. La pluvo faladis per riveroj.
+&#264;iuminute &#349;i elrigardadis tra la fenestro, kaj
+malbenadis la malrapidan iradon de la vagonaro.</p>
+
+<p>Mi saltas tre lerte. Mi eksaltis de surprizo. Mi saltadis la
+tutan tagon [Footnote: See Lesson 26 (iii.)] de loko al loko.
+Kiam vi ekparolis, mi atendis a&#365;di ion novan. La diamanto
+havas belan brilon. &#348;i lasis la diamanton ekbrili. Du
+ekbriloj do fulmo trakuris tra la malluma &#265;ielo.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 15.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Verbs</b> (<i>continued</i>).</center>
+
+<p>In all the examples already given the Subject of the Sentence
+is the <i>doer</i> of the action, but often it is <i>the one to
+whom the action is done</i> who occupies our thoughts, and of
+whom we wish to speak. This one then becomes the subject, and the
+form of the Verb is changed. Instead of saying "The police are
+searching for the thief," "Someone has broken the window,"
+"Someone is going to finish the work to-morrow," we say "The
+thief is being sought for by the police," "The window has been
+broken," "The work is going to be finished to-morrow."</p>
+
+<p>(Note the convenience of this form when we do not know or do
+not wish to mention the doer).</p>
+
+<!-- =============================038.png============================ -->
+<p>In Esperanto the terminations <b>-ata</b>, <i>being</i>,
+denoting <i>incompleteness</i> or <i>present</i> time,
+<b>-ita</b>, <i>having been</i>, denoting <i>completeness</i> or
+<i>past</i> time, and <b>-ota</b>, <i>about to be</i> (going to
+be), denoting <i>action not yet begun</i>, or <i>future</i> time,
+are added to the root of the verb, as <i>ami</i>, to love,
+<i>amata</i>, being loved, <i>amita</i>, having been loved,
+<i>amota</i>, going to be loved. <i>La &#349;telisto estas
+ser&#265;ata de la policanoj</i> [Footnote: <i>De</i> is used
+after these participles to denote the <i>doer</i> of the
+action.], The thief is being searched for by the police. <i>La
+fenestro estas rompita</i>, The window has been broken. <i>La
+laboro estas finota morga&#365;</i>, The work is going to be
+finished to-morrow.</p>
+
+<p>It will be seen that these words ending in <i>-ata</i>,
+<i>-ita</i>, <i>-ota</i> describe the subject or show the
+<i>condition</i> or <i>state</i> in which the subject is,
+therefore they are adjectival; the thief is a <i>searched-for</i>
+thief, the window was a <i>broken</i> window, the work is a
+<i>going-to-be-finished</i> work (compare The work will be
+<i>ready</i> to-morrow). They are called <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Participles</span>, and being
+adjectival, take <i>j</i> when the noun to which they belong is
+plural.
+<!-- formatted even more unlike other earlier similar statements -->
+</p>
+
+<!-- =============================039.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Mi estas tenata</i></td>
+<td>I am (being) held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Li estis tenata</i></td>
+<td>He was (being) held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Ni estos tenataj</i></td>
+<td>We shall be (being) held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Vi estus tenataj</i></td>
+<td>You would be (being) held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Ke ili estu tenataj</i></td>
+<td>That they may be (being) held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Estu tenata</i></td>
+<td>Be (being) held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Esti tenata</i></td>
+<td>To be (being) held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Mi estas vidita</i></td>
+<td>I am (in the state of) having been seen, or, I have been
+seen.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Li estis vidita</i></td>
+<td>He was (in the state of) having been seen, or, he had been
+seen.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Ni estos viditaj</i></td>
+<td>We shall be (in the state of) having been seen, or, we shall
+have been seen.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Vi estus viditaj</i></td>
+<td>You would be (in the state of) having been seen, or, you
+would have been seen.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>(Ke) ili estu viditaj</i></td>
+<td>(That) they may be (in the state of) having been seen, or,
+that they may have been seen.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Esti vidita</i></td>
+<td>To be (in the state of) having been seen, or, to have been
+seen.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Mi estas la&#365;dota</i></td>
+<td>I am about (going) to be praised.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>&#348;i estis la&#365;dota</i></td>
+<td>She was about (going) to be praised.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Ni estos la&#365;dotaj</i></td>
+<td>We shall be about (going) to be praised.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Vi estus la&#365;dotaj</i></td>
+<td>You would be about (going) to be praised.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>(Ke) ili estu la&#365;dotaj</i></td>
+<td>(That) they should be about (going) to be praised.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Esti la&#365;dota</i></td>
+<td>To be about (going) to be praised.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!--
+<i>Mi estas tenata</i> ...... I am (being) held.
+<i>Li estis tenata</i> ...... He was (being) held.
+<i>Ni estos tenataj</i> ..... We shall be (being) held.
+<i>Vi estus tenataj</i> ..... You would be (being) held.
+<i>Ke ili estu tenataj</i> .. That they may be (being) held.
+<i>Estu tenata</i> .......... Be (being) held.
+<i>Esti tenata</i> .......... To be (being) held.
+<i>Mi estas vidita</i> ...... I am (in the state of) having
+ been seen, or, I have been
+ seen.
+<i>Li estis vidita</i> ...... He was (in the state of) having
+ been seen, or, he had been
+ seen.
+<i>Ni estos viditaj</i> ..... We shall be (in the state of)
+ having been seen, or, we
+ shall have been seen.
+<i>Vi estus viditaj</i>. You would be (in the state of)
+ having been seen, or, you
+ would have been seen.
+<i>(Ke) ili estu viditaj</i>. (That) they may be (in the
+ state of) having been seen,
+ or, that they may have been
+ seen.
+<i>Esti vidita</i>. To be (in the state of) having
+ been seen, or, to have been
+ seen.
+<i>Mi estas la&#365;dota</i>. I am about (going) to be praised.
+<i>&#348;i estis la&#365;dota</i>. She was about (going) to be
+ praised.
+<i>Ni estos la&#365;dotaj</i> .... We shall be about (going) to
+ be praised.
+<i>Vi estus la&#365;dotaj</i> .... You would be about (going)
+ to be praised.
+<i>(Ke) ili estu la&#365;dotaj</i> (That) they should be about
+ (going) to be praised.
+<i>Esti la&#365;dota</i> ......... To be about (going) to be
+ praised.
+-->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>komerca&#309;o</i>, commodity.<br>
+ <i>surtuto</i>, overcoat.<br>
+ <i>&#349;uldo</i>, debt.<br>
+ <i>ringo</i>, ring.<br>
+ <i>projekto</i>, project.<br>
+ <i>in&#285;eniero</i>, civil engineer.<br>
+ <i>fervojo</i>, railroad.<br>
+ <i>pre&#285;o</i>, prayer.<br>
+ <i>pasero</i>, sparrow.<br>
+ <i>aglo</i>, eagle.<br>
+ <i>invit-</i>, invite.<br>
+ <i>konstru-</i>, construct.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>sciig-</i>, inform.<br>
+ <i>ka&#349;-</i>, hide.<br>
+ <i>pens-</i>, think.<br>
+ <i>kapt-</i>, capture.<br>
+ <i>trankvila</i>, quiet.<br>
+ <i>tuta</i>, all, whole.<br>
+ <i>grava</i>, important.<br>
+ <i>ora</i>, golden.<br>
+ <i>volonte</i>, willingly.<br>
+ <i>sekve</i>, consequently.<br>
+ <i>la&#365;</i>, according to.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================040.png============================ -->
+<p>Mi estas amata. Mi estis amata. Mi estos amata. Mi estus
+amata. Estu amata. Esti amata. Vi estas lavita. Vi estis lavita.
+Vi estos lavita. Vi estus lavita. Estu lavita. Esti lavita. Li
+estas invitota. Li estis invitota. Li estos invitota. Li estus
+invitota. Estu invitota. Esti invitota. Tiu &#265;i
+komerca&#309;o estas &#265;iam volonte a&#265;etata de mi. La
+surtuto estas a&#265;etita de mi; sekve &#285;i apartenas al mi.
+Kiam via domo estis konstruata, mia domo estis jam longe
+konstruita. Mi sciigas, ke de nun la &#349;uldoj de mia filo ne
+estos pagataj de mi. Estu trankvila, mia tuta &#349;uldo estos
+pagita al vi balda&#365;. Mia ora ringo ne estus tiel longe
+ser&#265;ata, se &#285;i ne estus tiel lerte ka&#349;ita de vi.
+La&#365; la projekto de la in&#285;enieroj tiu &#265;i fervojo
+estas konstruota en la da&#365;ro de du jaroj; sed mi pensas, ke
+&#285;i estos konstruata pli ol tri jarojn. Kiam la pre&#285;o
+estis finita, li sin levis.</p>
+
+<p>A&#365;gusto estas mia plej amata filo. Mono havata estas pli
+grava ol havita. Pasero kaptita estas pli bona, ol aglo
+kaptota.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 16.</b></center>
+
+<p>Another set of participles is used to describe or show the
+condition or state of the <i>doer</i> of the action, namely
+<b>-anta</b>, denoting <i>incompleteness</i> or present time,
+<b>-inta</b>, denoting <i>completeness</i> or past time, and
+<b>-onta</b>, denoting <i>action not yet begun</i>, or future
+time, as <i>Sur la arbo staras kantanta birdo (a&#365; birdo
+kantanta</i>), On the tree is a singing bird (or a bird singing);
+<i>En la venonta somero mi vizitos vin</i>, In the coming summer
+I shall visit you; <i>La pasinta nokto estis tre pluva</i>, The
+past night was very wet (rainy).</p>
+
+<!-- =============================041.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Mi estas man&#285;anta</i></td>
+<td>I am (in the act of) eating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Li estis man&#285;anta</i></td>
+<td>He was eating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Ni estos man&#285;antaj</i></td>
+<td>We shall be eating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Vi estus man&#285;antaj</i></td>
+<td>You would be eating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>(Ke) ili estu man&#285;antaj</i></td>
+<td>(That) they may be eating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Esti man&#285;anta</i></td>
+<td>To be eating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Estu man&#285;anta</i></td>
+<td>Be (in the act of) eating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Mi estas teninta</i></td>
+<td>I am (in the state of) having held, or, I have held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Li estis teninta</i></td>
+<td>He was (in the state of) having held, or, he had held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Ni estos tenintaj</i></td>
+<td>We shall be (in the state of) having held, or, we shall have
+held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Vi estus tenintaj</i></td>
+<td>You would be (in the state of) having held, or, you would
+have held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>(Ke) ili estu tenintaj</i></td>
+<td>(That) they may be (in the state of) having held, or, (that)
+they may have held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Esti teninta</i></td>
+<td>To be (in the state of) having held, or, to have held.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Mi estas dironta</i></td>
+<td>I am about (going) to say.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Li estis dironta</i></td>
+<td>He was about (going) to say.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Ni estos dirontaj</i></td>
+<td>We shall be about (going) to say.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Vi estus dirontaj</i></td>
+<td>You would be about (going) to say.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>(Ke) ili estu dirontaj</i></td>
+<td>(That) they may be about (going) to say.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>Esti dironta</i></td>
+<td>To be about (going) to say.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!--
+<i>Mi estas man&#285;anta</i> I am (in the act of) eating.
+<i>Li estis man&#285;anta</i> He was eating.
+<i>Ni estos man&#285;antaj</i> We shall be eating.
+<i>Vi estus man&#285;antaj</i> You would be eating.
+<i>(Ke) ili estu man&#285;antaj</i> (That) they may be eating.
+<i>Esti man&#285;anta</i> To be eating.
+<i>Estu man&#285;anta</i> Be (in the act of) eating.
+<i>Mi estas teninta</i> I am (in the state of) having
+ held, or, I have held.
+<i>Li estis teninta</i> He was (in the state of) having
+ held, or, he had held.
+<i>Ni estos tenintaj</i> We shall be (in the state of)
+ having held, or, we shall
+ have held.
+<i>Vi estus tenintaj</i> You would be (in the state of)
+ having held, or, you would
+ have held.
+<i>(Ke) ili estu tenintaj</i> (That) they may be (in the
+ state of) having held, or,
+ (that) they may have held.
+<i>Esti teninta</i> To be (in the state of) having
+ held, or, to have held.
+<i>Mi estas dironta</i> I am about (going) to say.
+<i>Li estis dironta</i> He was about (going) to say.
+<i>Ni estos dirontaj</i> We shall be about (going) to
+ say.
+<i>Vi estus dirontaj</i> You would be about (going)
+ to say.
+<i>(Ke) ili estu dirontaj</i> (That) they may be about
+ (going) to say.
+<i>Esti dironta</i> To be about (going) to say.
+-->
+<!-- =============================042.png============================ -->
+<p>The participles are made into nouns by ending them with
+<i>o</i> instead of <i>a</i>, as <i>Kiam Nikodemo batas Jozefon,
+tiam Nikodemo estas la batanto, kaj Jozefo estas la batato</i>,
+When Nicodemus beats Joseph, then Nicodemus is the beater, and
+Joseph is the one being beaten.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>La batanto</i></td>
+<td>The one who is beating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>La batinto</i></td>
+<td>The one who was beating.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>La batonto</i></td>
+<td>The one who is about (going) to beat.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>La batato</i></td>
+<td>The one who is being beaten.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>La batito</i></td>
+<td>The one who has been beaten.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap><i>La batoto</i></td>
+<td>The one who is about to be beaten.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!--
+<i>La batanto</i> The one who is beating.
+
+<i>La batinto</i> The one who was beating.
+
+<i>La batonto</i> The one who is about (going) to beat.
+
+<i>La batato</i> The one who is being beaten.
+
+<i>La batito</i> The one who has been beaten.
+
+<i>La batoto</i> The one who is about to be beaten.
+-->
+<p>Note that the participles which have <i>n</i> in the
+termination refer to the <i>doer</i>; they are called
+<i>active</i> participles. Those without <i>n</i> refer to the
+one to whom the action is done; they are <i>passive</i>
+participles.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>tempo</i>, time.<br>
+ <i>mondo</i>, world.<br>
+ <i>lingvo</i>, language.<br>
+ <i>nombro</i>, number.<br>
+ <i>legendo</i>, legend.<br>
+ <i>loko</i>, place.<br>
+ <i>salono</i>, drawing-room.<br>
+ <i>eraro</i>, mistake.<br>
+ <i>soldato</i>, soldier.<br>
+ <i>strato</i>, street.<br>
+ <i>pek-</i>, sin.<br>
+ <i>fal-</i>, fall.<br>
+ <i>mensog-</i>, tell a lie.<br>
+ <i>pas-</i>, pass (as time passes).<br>
+ <i>atend-</i>, wait, expect.<br>
+ <i>sav-</i>, save, rescue.<br>
+ <i>danc-</i>, dance.<br>
+ <i>kred-</i>, believe.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ripet-</i>, repeat.<br>
+ <i>arest-</i>, arrest.<br>
+ <i>ju&#285;-</i>, judge.<br>
+ <i>konduk-</i>, lead, conduct.<br>
+ <i>voja&#285;-</i>, travel, journey.<br>
+ <i>&#349;tel-</i>, steal.<br>
+ <i>ripoz-</i>, rest, repose.<br>
+ <i>diradis</i>, used to say (tell).<br>
+ <i>estonta</i>, future (about to be).<br>
+ <i>vera</i>, true.<br>
+ <i>intence</i>, intentionally.<br>
+ <i>facile</i>, easily.<br>
+ <i>anta&#365;e</i>, formerly, previously.<br>
+ <i>dum</i>, while, whilst, during.<br>
+ <i>neniam</i>, never.<br>
+ <i>neniu</i>, nobody.<br>
+ <i>sen</i>, without.<br>
+ <i>senmove</i>, motionless.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================043.png============================ -->
+<p>Fluanta akvo estas pli pura, ol akvo staranta senmove. La
+falinta homo ne povas sin levi. La tempo pasinta jam neniam
+revenos; la tempon venontan neniu ankora&#365; konas. Venu, ni
+atendas vin, Savonto de la mondo. En la lingvo Esperanto ni vidas
+la estontan lingvon de la tuta mondo. La nombro de la dancantoj
+estis granda. &#284;i estas la legendo, kiun la veraj kredantoj
+&#265;iam ripetas. Li kondukis la voja&#285;anton al la loko, kie
+la &#349;telintoj ripozis. Al homo, pekinta senintence, Dio
+facile pardonas. La soldatoj kondukis la arestitojn tra la
+stratoj. Homo, kiun oni devas ju&#285;i, estas ju&#285;oto.</p>
+
+<center><b>16a.</b></center>
+
+<p>Nun li diras al mi la veron. Hiera&#365; li diris al mi la
+veron. Li &#265;iam diradis al mi la veron. Kiam vi vidis nin en
+la salono, li jam anta&#365;e diris al mi la veron
+(<i>a&#365;</i>, li estis dirinta al mi la veron). Li diros al mi
+la veron. Kiam vi venos al mi, li jam anta&#365;e diros al mi la
+veron (<i>a&#365;</i>, li estos dirinta al mi la veron;
+<i>a&#365;</i>, anta&#365; ol vi venos al mi, li diros al mi la
+veron). Se mi petus lin, li dirus al mi la veron. Mi ne farus la
+eraron, se li anta&#365;e dirus al mi la veron (<i>a&#365;</i>,
+se li estus dirinta al mi la veron). Kiam mi venos, diru al mi la
+veron. Kiam mia patro venos, diru al mi anta&#365;e la veron
+(<i>a&#365;</i>, estu dirinta al mi la veron). Mi volas diri al
+vi la veron. Mi volas, ke tio, kion mi diris, estu vera
+(<i>a&#365;</i>, mi volas esti dirinta la veron).</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 17.</b></center>
+
+<!-- =============================044.png============================ -->
+<p>Participles can be used as adverbs <i>when they refer to the
+subject</i>, and <i>tell some circumstance about the action</i>,
+as "Walking along the street, John saw your friend." "Walking
+along the street" tells the <i>circumstance</i> under which the
+subject, John, saw your friend; therefore "walking" is
+adverbial&mdash;"<i>Promenante sur la strato, Johano vidis vian
+amikon.</i>" If it were the friend who was walking, it must be
+"<i>Johano vidis vian amikon, promenantan sur la strato.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>(Examine in this way the sentences in the following
+exercise).</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>braceleto</i>, bracelet.<br>
+ <i>&#349;telisto</i>, thief.<br>
+ <i>vorto</i>, word.<br>
+ <i>duko</i>, duke.<br>
+ <i>juvelo</i>, jewel.<br>
+ <i>juvelujo</i>, jewel-case.<br>
+ <i>dolaro</i>, dollar.<br>
+ <i>instruo</i>, instruction.<br>
+ <i>planko</i>, floor.<br>
+ <i>imperiestro</i>, emperor.<br>
+ <i>okazo</i>, opportunity, occurrence, chance.<br>
+ <i>serv-</i>, serve.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>medit-</i>, meditate.<br>
+ <i>port-</i>, carry.<br>
+ <i>demand-</i>, ask.<br>
+ <i>&#349;par-</i>, save.<br>
+ <i>edzi&#285;-</i>, marry.<br>
+ <i>hont-</i>, be ashamed.<br>
+ <i>ir-</i>, go.<br>
+ <i>profunda</i>, deep.<br>
+ <i>kelka</i>, some.<br>
+ <i>ia</i>, some (kind), any (kind).<br>
+ <i>kredeble</i>, probably.<br>
+ <i>trans</i>, across.<br>
+ <i>tio &#265;i</i>, this (thing).</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Promenante sur la strato, mi falis. Trovinte pomon, mi
+&#285;in man&#285;is. Li venis al mi tute ne atendite. Li iris
+tre meditante kaj tre malrapide. Ni hontis, ricevinte instruon de
+la knabo. La imperiestra servanto eliris, portante kun si la
+braceleton. Profunde salutante, li rakontis, ke oni kaptis la
+&#349;teliston. Ne dirante vorton, la dukino malfermis sian
+juvelujon. Laborinte unu jaron, kaj &#349;parinte kelkajn
+dolarojn, mi edzi&#285;is kun mia Mario. Transirinte la riveron,
+li trovis la &#349;teliston. Rigardinte okaze la plankon, &#349;i
+vidis ian libron, forgesitan kredeble de elirinta veturanto.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================045.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 18.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>Suffix</i> <b>-ist-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-ist-</b> denotes one who occupies himself with
+or devotes himself to any special thing, as a business or a
+hobby, as <i>ju&#285;i</i>, to judge, <i>ju&#285;isto</i>, a
+judge; <i>servi</i>, to serve, <i>servisto</i>, a servant;
+<i>kuraci</i>, to treat (as a doctor), <i>kuracisto</i>, a
+doctor; <i>lavi</i>, to wash, <i>lavisto</i>, a laundryman.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>boto</i>, boot.<br>
+ <i>&#349;uo</i>, shoe.<br>
+ <i>maro</i>, sea.<br>
+ <i>me&#293;aniko</i>, mechanics.<br>
+ <i>&#293;emio</i>, chemistry.<br>
+ <i>diplomato</i>, diplomatist.<br>
+ <i>fiziko</i>, physics.<br>
+ <i>scienco</i>, science.<br>
+ <i>dron-</i>, be drowned, sink.<br>
+ <i>verk-</i>, work mentally, write, compose.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>transskrib-</i>, transcribe, copy.<br>
+ <i>kuir-</i>, cook.<br>
+ <i>veturig-</i>, drive (a carriage, etc.).<br>
+ <i>tromp-</i>, deceive.<br>
+ <i>okup-</i>, occupy, employ.<br>
+ <i>teks-</i>, weave.<br>
+ <i>diversa(j)</i>, various.<br>
+ <i>simple</i>, simply.<br>
+ <i>je</i>, (indefinite meaning). [Lessons 26, 40.]</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>La botisto faras botojn kaj &#349;uojn. &#348;telistojn neniu
+lasas en sian domon. La kura&#285;a maristo dronis en la maro.
+Verkisto verkas librojn, kaj skribisto simple transskribas
+paperojn. Ni havas diversajn servantojn&mdash;kuiriston,
+&#265;ambristinon, infanistinon, kaj veturigiston. Kiu okupas sin
+je me&#293;aniko estas me&#293;ankisto, kaj kiu okupas sin je
+&#293;emio estas &#293;emiisto. Diplomatiiston oni povas
+anka&#365; nomi diplomato, [Footnote: See Lesson 45.] sed
+fizikiston oni ne povas nomi fiziko, [Footnote: See Lesson 45.]
+&#265;ar fiziko estas la nomo de la scienco mem. Unu tagon
+[Footnote: See Lesson 26.] (en unu tago) venis du trompantoj,
+kiuj diris, ke ili estas teksistoj.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================046.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 19.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>Suffixes</i> <b>-ig-, -i&#285;-.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>-ig-</b> means <i>to make</i> or <i>cause</i> someone or
+something to be or to do that which the word denotes, while
+<b>-i&#285;-</b> means <i>to become</i> so or such oneself. Thus
+from <i>ru&#285;a</i>, red, we get <i>ru&#285;igi</i>, to make
+(something or someone) red, <i>ru&#285;i&#285;i</i>, to become
+red oneself, to blush; <i>klara</i>, clear, <i>klarigi</i>, to
+make clear, to explain, <i>klari&#285;i</i>, to become clear;
+<i>sidi</i>, to sit, to be sitting, <i>sidigi</i>, to cause
+someone to sit, <i>sidi&#285;i</i>, to become seated, to sit
+down; <i>kun</i>, with, <i>kunigi</i>, to connect,
+<i>kuni&#285;i</i>, to become connected with; <i>devi</i>, to
+have to (must), <i>devigi</i>, to compel; <i>fari</i>, to do or
+make, <i>fari&#285;i</i>, to become; <i>for</i>, away,
+<i>forigi</i>, make (go) away.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>printempo</i>, spring.<br>
+ <i>glacio</i>, ice.<br>
+ <i>vetero</i>, weather.<br>
+ <i>broso</i>, brush.<br>
+ <i>relo</i>, rail.<br>
+ <i>rado</i>, wheel.<br>
+ <i>&#265;apo</i>, bonnet, cap.<br>
+ <i>arbeto</i>, little tree.<br>
+ <i>vento</i>, wind.<br>
+ <i>bran&#265;o</i>, branch.<br>
+ <i>viza&#285;o</i>, face.<br>
+ <i>kuvo</i>, tub.<br>
+ <i>kolego</i>, companion, colleague<br>
+ <i>Hebreo</i>, Hebrew.<br>
+ <i>Kristano</i>, Christian.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kapo</i>, head.<br>
+ <i>botelo</i>, bottle.<br>
+ <i>dev-</i>, have to, must.<br>
+ <i>kurac-</i>, treat as a doctor.<br>
+ <i>pren-</i>, take.<br>
+ <i>pend-</i>, hang.<br>
+ <i>blov-</i>, blow.<br>
+ <i>ekbrul-</i>, begin to burn.<br>
+ <i>rid-</i>, laugh.<br>
+ <i>romp-</i>, break.<br>
+ <i>fluida</i>, fluid.<br>
+ <i>kota</i>, dirty, muddy.<br>
+ <i>natura</i>, natural.<br>
+ <i>seka</i>, dry.<br>
+ <i>tamen</i>, however, nevertheless, yet.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Oni tiel malhelpis al mi, ke mi malbonigis mian tutan laboron.
+Forigu vian fraton, &#265;ar li malhelpas al ni. Venigu la
+kuraciston, &#265;ar mi estas malsana.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================047.png============================ -->
+<p>Li venigis al si el Berlino multajn librojn (multe da
+libroj).</p>
+
+<p>Li pali&#285;is de timo, kaj poste li ru&#285;i&#285;is de
+honto. En la printempo la glacio kaj la ne&#285;o fluidi&#285;as.
+En la kota vetero mia vesto forte malpuri&#285;is; tial mi prenis
+broson kaj purigis la veston. Mia onklo ne mortis per natura
+morto, sed li tamen ne mortigis sin mem, kaj anka&#365; estis
+mortigita de neniu; unu tagon, [Footnote: See Lesson 26, Note
+iii.] promenante apud la reloj de fervojo, li falis sub la radojn
+de veturanta vagonaro, kaj morti&#285;is. Mi ne pendigis mian
+&#265;apon sur tiu &#265;i arbeto; sed la vento forblovis de mia
+kapo la &#265;apon, kaj &#285;i, flugante, pendi&#285;is sur la
+bran&#265;oj de la arbeto. Sidigu vin (a&#365;, sidi&#285;u),
+sinjoro!</p>
+
+<p>Lia malgaja viza&#285;o ridigis lian amikon. La tutan nokton
+ili pasigis maldorme, kaj ekbruligis pli ol dekses kandelojn. Mi
+senvestigis la infanon de liaj noktaj vestoj, kaj starigis lin en
+la kuvon; poste mi sekigis lin. Li amiki&#285;is kun malbonaj
+kolegoj. Malri&#265;a hebreo volis kristani&#285;i. La botelo
+falis kaj rompi&#285;is. &#348;i fari&#285;is lia edzino. Iom
+post iom, &#349;i tute trankvili&#285;is.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center>NOTES.</center>
+
+<p>1.&mdash;In <i>pluvas</i>, it rains; <i>tondras</i>, it
+thunders; <i>estas bela tago</i>, it is a fine day; <i>estas
+bele</i>, it is fine; <i>estas vere, ke...</i>, it is true
+that..., etc., "it" is left out, because it does not stand for
+any "thing." The adverbs <i>bele</i>, <i>vere</i>, are used
+because no "thing" is mentioned.</p>
+
+<p>2.&mdash;<i>Ni havas fre&#349;ajn lakton kaj panon</i> means
+<i>Ni havas fre&#349;an lakton kaj fre&#349;an panon</i>, We have
+new milk and new bread. <i>Ni havas fre&#349;an lakton kaj
+panon</i> means We have bread and new milk.</p>
+
+<p>3.&mdash;<i>La angla, franca kaj germana lingvoj estas
+malfacilaj</i>, The English, French and German languages are
+difficult. <i>Angla</i>, <i>franca</i>, <i>germana</i> do not
+take "j" because each refers to only one language, while
+<i>malfacilaj</i> refers to all those mentioned.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================048.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 20.</b></center>
+
+<p>The words <i>ia, tia; kial, tial; kiam, &#265;iam, neniam;
+kie, kiel, tiel; io, kio, tio, &#265;io, nenio; kiu, &#265;iu,
+neniu</i>, have already been met with. They belong to a series
+whose use will best be seen from the following
+examples:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><b>ia</b> denotes kind or quality. Kia <i>floro estas la plej
+bela?</i> Ia <i>kaj</i> &#265;ia <i>floro estas bela</i>, nenia
+<i>estas malbela. Mi admiras la rozon;</i> tia <i>floro la plej
+pla&#265;as al mi.</i> <i>What (kind of)</i> flower is the most
+beautiful? <i>Any kind</i> and <i>every kind</i> of flower is
+beautiful, <i>no kind</i> is ugly. I admire the rose, <i>that
+kind of</i> flower pleases me the most.</p>
+
+<p><b>ial</b>, motive, reason. Kial <i>li iros en Parizon? Mi ne
+scias;</i> ial <i>li foriros, sed</i> &#265;ial <i>estus pli bone
+resti en Londono. Li deziras foriri</i>, tial <i>li foriros</i>.
+<i>Why</i> is he going (will he go) to Paris? I know not; <i>for
+some reason</i> he is going, but <i>for every reason</i> (on
+every account) it would be better to remain in London. He wishes
+to go, <i>therefore</i> (for that reason) he will go.</p>
+
+<p><b>iam</b>, time. Kiam <i>vi venos min viziti?</i> Iam <i>mi
+venos</i>, kiam <i>mi havos libertempon; vi</i> &#265;iam
+<i>havas libertempon, mi</i> neniam. <i>Postmorga&#365; estos
+festo</i>, tiam <i>mi venos.</i> <i>When</i> will you come to
+visit me? <i>Sometime</i> I will come, <i>when</i> (at what time)
+I shall have a holiday; you <i>always</i> (at all times) have a
+holiday, I <i>never</i> (at no time). (The day) after to-morrow
+will be a festival (a general holiday); I will come <i>then</i>
+(at that time).</p>
+
+<p><b>ie</b>, place. Kie <i>estas mia &#265;apelo? &#284;i devas
+esti</i> ie, <i>sed mi ser&#265;is &#285;in</i> &#265;ie,
+<i>kaj</i> nenie<i>mi povas trovi &#285;in</i>. <i>Ha, nun mi
+ekvidas &#285;in</i> tie. <i>Where</i> is my hat? It must be
+<i>somewhere</i>, but I have looked for it <i>everywhere</i>, and
+<i>nowhere</i> can I find it. Ha, now I see it <i>there</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================049.png============================ -->
+<p><b>iel</b>, manner. Kiel <i>vi faros tion &#265;i? Mi ne
+scias; mi</i> &#265;iel <i>provis &#285;in fari, sed mi</i>
+neniel <i>sukcesis. Johano sukcesis</i> iel; <i>eble li faris
+&#285;in</i> tiel. <i>How</i> will you do this? I do not know; I
+have tried in every way to do it, but I have <i>in no way</i>
+(not at all) succeeded. John succeeded <i>in some way</i>
+(somehow); perhaps he did it <i>so (in such a way</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>ies</b>, possession. Kies <i>devo estas tio &#265;i? Eble
+&#285;i estas</i> ties; <i>sendube &#285;i estas</i> ies.
+&#264;ies <i>devo estas</i> nenies. <i>Whose</i> duty is this?
+Perhaps it is <i>that one's (person's)</i>; doubtless it is
+<i>somebody's. Everybody's</i> duty is <i>nobody's.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>io</b>, thing. Kio <i>malpla&#265;as al vi? Nun</i> nenio
+<i>malpla&#265;as al mi</i>, &#265;io <i>estas bona. Anta&#365;
+tri tagoj</i> io <i>tre malpla&#265;is al mi, sed mi ne parolas
+pri</i> tio <i>nun. What</i> displeases you? Now <i>nothing</i>
+displeases me, <i>all</i> is well. Three days ago
+<i>something</i> greatly displeased me, but I am not speaking
+about <i>that</i> now.</p>
+
+<p><b>iom</b>, quantity. Kiom <i>da mono vi bezonas? Mi havas</i>
+tiom, <i>mi povas prunti al vi</i> iom, <i>sed ne</i> &#265;iom.
+<i>Se mi pruntus al vi</i> &#265;iom, <i>mi mem havus</i> neniom.
+<i>How much</i> money do you need ? I have <i>so much (that
+quantity)</i>, I can lend you <i>some</i>, but not <i>all</i>. If
+I were to lend you <i>all</i>, I myself should have
+<i>none</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>iu</b> denotes individuality, person, or thing specified.
+Kiu <i>estis &#265;e la balo?</i> &#264;iu, kiu <i>estis
+invitita, estis tie</i>, neniu <i>forestis</i>. Iu, kiun <i>mi
+mem ne konas, venis kun</i> tiu kiu <i>vizitis vin hierau</i>.
+<i>Who</i> was at the ball? <i>Everybody who</i> had been invited
+was there, <i>nobody</i> was absent. <i>Somebody, whom</i> I
+myself do not know, came with <i>that person who</i> visited you
+yesterday.</p>
+
+<p>It will be seen from these examples that the words beginning
+with <b>K</b> either <i>ask questions</i> or <i>refer</i> to some
+person or thing before mentioned. Those beginning with <b>T</b>
+point to a <i>definite</i> time, place, etc. Those with
+<b>&#264;</b> signify <i>each</i> or <i>every</i>, and in the
+plural <i>all</i>. Those without a letter prefixed are
+<i>indefinite</i>, meaning some or any; and those with
+<b>nen-</b> are <i>negative</i>, meaning <i>no, none</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================050.png============================ -->
+<p>The words ending in "<i>ia</i>" and those in "<i>iu</i>" can
+take the plural <i>j</i> and accusative <i>n</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The words in <i>io</i> take <i>n</i>, but the sense does not
+permit of their taking <i>j</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The words in <i>ie</i> take the <i>n</i> denoting
+direction.</p>
+
+<p>The word <i>&#265;i</i>, signifying nearness, is used with the
+<i>T</i> series (words meaning <i>that</i>), to denote the one
+near <i>i.e., this</i>, as <i>Tio &#265;i</i>, this thing; <i>Tiu
+&#265;i</i>, this person; <i>Tie &#265;i</i>, or, <i>&#265;i
+tie</i>, here, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The word <i>ajn</i>, ever, is used with the <i>K</i> series to
+give a more inclusive and wider meaning, as <i>Kio ajn</i>,
+whatever; <i>Kiu ajn</i>, whoever; <i>Kiam ajn</i>, whenever;
+<i>Kiom ajn</i>, however much.</p>
+
+<p>Comparisons of equality are made with the words&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><b>tiel ... kiel</b>, as <i>Vi estas</i> tiel <i>forta</i>,
+kiel <i>mi</i>, You are <i>as</i> strong <i>as</i> I.</p>
+
+<p><b>tia ... kia</b>, as Tia <i>domo</i>, kia <i>tiu, estas
+malofta, Such</i> a house <i>as</i> that is rare.</p>
+
+<p><b>sama ... kia</b>, as <i>Mia bastono estas</i> tia sama, kia
+<i>la via</i>, My stick is <i>the same as</i> yours.</p>
+
+<p><b>sama ... kiel</b>, as <i>&#284;ia uzado estas</i> tia sama,
+kiel <i>en la aliaj lingvoj</i>, Its use is <i>the same as</i> in
+the other languages. <i>Vi &#265;iam laboradas al tiu</i> sama
+<i>celo</i>, kiel <i>mi</i>, You are always working towards that
+<i>same</i> end (aim) <i>as</i> I.</p>
+
+<p>Any of the above series of words whose sense admits of it can
+be used as adjectives, adverbs, etc., and in combination with
+prefixes, suffixes, or other words, as <i>&#265;iama</i>,
+continual, eternal; <i>tiea</i>, of that place. <i>Kioma</i> is
+used for asking the time, as <i>Kioma horo estas</i>? What time
+is it?</p>
+
+<!-- =============================051.png============================ -->
+<!-- =============================052.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table border="1">
+<caption><b>CORRELATIVE WORDS.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle"> </td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>*</b><br>
+INDEFINITE<br>
+<i>Some, any.</i> </td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>K</b><br>
+QUESTIONING<br>
+RELATIVE.<br>
+<i>What, which.</i> </td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>T</b><br>
+DEFINITE.<br>
+<i>That.</i> </td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;</b><br>
+INCLUSIVE.<br>
+<i>Each, every, all.</i> </td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Nen-</b><br>
+NEGATIVE.<br>
+<i>No, none.</i> </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">QUALITY<br>
+Kind of</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Ia</b><br>
+Some kind<br>
+Any kind</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kia</b><br>
+What kind</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tia</b><br>
+That kind<br>
+Such</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;ia</b><br>
+Each kind<br>
+Every kind</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Nenia</b><br>
+No kind</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">MOTIVE<br>
+Reason<br>
+Purpose</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Ial</b><br>
+For some reason<br>
+For any reason</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kial</b><br>
+For what reason<br>
+Why</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tial</b><br>
+For that reason<br>
+Therefore</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;ial</b><br>
+For each reason<br>
+For every reason</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Nenial</b><br>
+For no reason</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">TIME</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Iam</b><br>
+Sometime<br>
+Any time</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kiam</b><br>
+At what time<br>
+When</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tiam</b><br>
+At that time<br>
+Then</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;iam</b><br>
+Each time<br>
+Every time<br>
+Always</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Neniam</b><br>
+At no time<br>
+Never</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">PLACE</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Ie</b><br>
+In some place<br>
+Somewhere<br>
+Anywhere</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kie</b><br>
+At what place<br>
+Where</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tie</b><br>
+At that place<br>
+There</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;ie</b><br>
+At each place<br>
+At every place<br>
+Everywhere</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Nenie</b><br>
+At no place<br>
+Nowhere</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">MANNER</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Iel</b><br>
+In some way<br>
+In any way<br>
+Somehow, anyhow</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kiel</b><br>
+In what way<br>
+How<br>
+As, like</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tiel</b><br>
+In that way<br>
+So</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;iel</b><br>
+In each way<br>
+In every way</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Neniel</b><br>
+In no way<br>
+Nohow</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">POSSESSION</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Ies</b><br>
+Someone's<br>
+Anyone's</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kies</b><br>
+What person's<br>
+Whose</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Ties</b><br>
+That one's</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;ies</b><br>
+Each one's<br>
+Everyone's</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Nenies</b><br>
+No one's</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">THING</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Io</b><br>
+Something<br>
+Anything</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kio</b><br>
+What thing<br>
+What</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tio</b><br>
+That thing</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;io</b><br>
+Everything</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Nenio</b><br>
+Nothing</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">QUANTITY</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Iom</b><br>
+Some (of the quantity)</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kiom</b><br>
+What quantity<br>
+How much</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tiom</b><br>
+That quantity<br>
+So much</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;iom</b><br>
+Every quantity<br>
+All of the quantity</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Neniom</b><br>
+None of the quantity</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="20%" align="center" valign="middle">INDIVIDUALITY</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Iu</b><br>
+Someone<br>
+Anyone</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Kiu</b><br>
+What person<br>
+Which thing<br>
+Who, Which</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Tiu</b><br>
+That person<br>
+That (specified)<br>
+thing</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>&#264;iu</b><br>
+Each person<br>
+Everyone<br>
+<i>&#264;iuj</i> = all, all the...</td>
+<td width="16%" align="center" valign="top"><b>Neniu</b><br>
+No one<br>
+Nobody</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================053.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ankro</i>, anchor.<br>
+ <i>maniero</i>, manner, way.<br>
+ <i>ripro&#265;o</i>, reproach.<br>
+ <i>konscienco</i>, conscience.<br>
+ <i>propono</i>, proposal, offer.<br>
+ <i>rando</i>, edge.<br>
+ <i>&#349;ipo</i>, ship.<br>
+ <i>dubo</i>, doubt.<br>
+ <i>demando</i>, question.<br>
+ <i>admir-</i>, admire.<br>
+ <i>pla&#265;-</i>, be pleasing.<br>
+ <i>supoz-</i>, suppose.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>prov-</i>, attempt, try.<br>
+ <i>sukces-</i>, succeed.<br>
+ <i>perd-</i>, lose.<br>
+ <i>merit-</i>, deserve.<br>
+ <i>kompren-</i>, understand.<br>
+ <i>libera</i>, free.<br>
+ <i>certa</i>, certain, sure.<br>
+ <i>utila</i>, useful.<br>
+ <i>fremda</i>, strange.<br>
+ <i>necesa</i>, necessary.<br>
+ <i>ekster</i>, beyond, outside.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p><b>Ia.</b> La maro estas tie pli profunda, ol povas atingi ia
+ankro. En ia maniero. Sen ia ripro&#265;o de konscienco. Mi
+scias, en kia loko mi certe lin trovos. Kia estas la vetero? Kian
+malbonon mi al vi faris? Tiamaniere li faris &#265;ion. Li
+invitis lin veni en tian kaj tian lokon. Ne &#265;ia birdo
+kantas. Ekster &#265;ia dubo. Nenia homo meritas tian punon. Tiaj
+libroj estas malutilaj. Iafoje li vizitas nin.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ial.</b> Ial li ne povis dormi. Kial vi ne respondas al mi?
+Mi ne komprenis vian demandon, tial mi ne respondis. La homoj ne
+komprenas unu la alian, kaj tial ili tenas sin fremde. &#264;ial
+tio estas la plej bona.</p>
+
+<p><b>Iam.</b> Mi iam vin amis. Kio vivas, necese devas iam
+morti. Kiam vi foriros? En la luna nokto, kiam &#265;iuj dormis,
+tiam &#349;i sidis sur la rando de la &#349;ipo. Estu por
+&#265;iam benata! &#348;i anta&#365;e neniam vidis hundon.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================054.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary 20a.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>mono</i>, money.<br>
+ <i>monujo</i>, purse.<br>
+ <i>juneco</i>, youth.<br>
+ <i>reto</i>, net.<br>
+ <i>ideo</i>, idea.<br>
+ <i>gajno</i>, gain.<br>
+ <i>ta&#365;g-</i>, be fit, suitable.<br>
+ <i>fart-</i>, be, fare (as to health).</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>monto</i>, mountain.<br>
+ <i>ganto</i>, glove.<br>
+ <i>opinio</i>, opinion.<br>
+ <i>vo&#265;o</i>, voice.<br>
+ <i>prezid-</i>, preside.<br>
+ <i>alpren-</i>, adopt.<br>
+ <i>stranga</i>, strange, curious.<br>
+ <i>komprenebla</i>, understandable.<br>
+ <i>subita</i>, sudden.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p><b>Ie.</b> Kie estas la knaboj? Kien vi iris? Mi restas tie
+&#265;i. Li perdis sian monujon ie en la urbo, sed kie li perdis
+&#285;in, li ne scias. Mi volonte el tie venis tien &#265;i. Li
+petis &#349;in, ke &#349;i diru al li, de kie si venas.
+[Footnote: See note in Lesson 17.] Por la juneco &#265;ie staras
+retoj. &#264;ie estas floroj, kaj nenie oni povas trovi pli
+belajn.</p>
+
+<p><b>Iel.</b> Kiel bela! &#264;u mi ta&#365;gas kiel re&#285;o?
+Tiel fini&#285;is la feli&#265;a tago. Ili brilis kiel diamantoj.
+Kiel vi fartas? Iel li malkomprenis min. Mia edzino pensis tiel
+same, kiel mi. Mi neniel povas kompreni, kion vi diras. Tre
+stranga kaj neniel komprenebla! Mi elektis lin kiel prezidanto.
+Mi elektis lin kiel prezidanto<i>n</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ies.</b> Kies ganto tiu &#265;i estas? Mi neniam alprenas
+ties opinion. Subite &#349;i eka&#365;dis ies fortan malagrablan
+vo&#265;on. &#264;ies ideo estas diversa. Bona amiko, sen kies
+helpo li neniam ekvidus tiun &#265;i landon. Ies perdo ne estas
+&#265;iam ies gajno. Ies perdo estas ofte nenies gajno.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary 20b.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ornamo</i>, ornament.<br>
+ <i>pupilo</i>, pupil (of eye).<br>
+ <i>centimo</i>, centime.<br>
+ <i>forto</i>, strength, power.<br>
+ <i>nesto</i>, nest.<br>
+ <i>Fortuno</i>, fortune.<br>
+ <i>funto</i>, pound (weight or money).<br>
+ <i>lango</i>, tongue.<br>
+ <i>gusto</i>, taste.<br>
+ <i>okulo</i>, eye.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>&#293;ino</i>, Chinese.<br>
+ <i>decido</i>, decision.<br>
+ <i>ced-</i>, give up, yield, cede.<br>
+ <i>forlas-</i>, forsake, leave.<br>
+ <i>prudenta</i>, reasonable, prudent.<br>
+ <i>firma</i>, firm, stable.<br>
+ <i>sterlinga</i>, sterling.<br>
+ <i>kontra&#365;</i>, against, opposite.<br>
+ <i>pro</i>, for, owing to.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================055.png============================ -->
+<p><b>Io.</b> Mi sentas, ke io okazas. Neniam mi ion al vi donis.
+Mi volas fari al vi ion bonan. Kio tio &#265;i estas? Kia ornamo
+tiu &#265;i estas? Kion mi vidas? Tio &#265;i estas &#265;io, pri
+kio mi parolis. Mi nenion cedos al vi. Nenion faru kontra&#365;
+la patrino. Anta&#365; &#265;io estu fidela al vi mem. &#348;i
+eksentis ion tian, kion &#349;i mem komence ne povas
+kompreni.</p>
+
+<p><b>Iom.</b> &#348;i parolis iom kolere. La pupiloj de la
+okuloj iom post iom malgrandi&#285;is. Kiu estas tiom
+senprudenta, ke li povas &#285;in kredi? Kiom da mono vi havas?
+Mi havas neniom. Donu al mi tiom da akvo, kiom da vino.</p>
+
+<p><b>Iu.</b> Iu venas; kiu &#285;i estas? &#264;u iu
+kura&#285;us tion fari? &#264;iu penis sin savi, kiel li povis.
+Lingvo, en kiu neniu nin komprenos. Neniu el ili povis savi la
+dronanton. Li al neniu helpis iam e&#265; per unu centimo. Ni
+iros &#265;iuj kune. Mi konas neniun en tiu urbo. Tio &#265;i
+estas super &#265;iuj homaj fortoj.</p>
+
+<center><b>20c.</b></center>
+
+<!--
+That sure does look like 20o in the scan,
+but 20c makes sense (a... b... o?),
+and matches the Key to this Exercise.
+-->
+<p>De kie mi veturas, kien kaj pro kio, mi nur povas respondi: mi
+ne scias. Oni petis lin atendi iom kun lia forveturo. Tiuj
+&#265;i nestoj ofte estas pli grandaj, ol la dometoj de la tieaj
+homoj. Li forveturis kun firma decido forlasi por &#265;iam tiun
+&#265;i sendankan landon. Se iu tion vidus, li malbenus la
+Fortunon. Mi donus cent funtojn sterlingajn, se bova lango povus
+havi por mi tian bonan guston kiel por vi. Kioma horo (estas)?
+Balda&#365; la dekdua (horo).</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 21.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>Suffixes</i> <b>-eg-, -et-.</b></center>
+
+<!-- =============================056.png============================ -->
+<p>The suffixes <b>-eg-</b> and <b>-et-</b> are opposites;
+<b>-eg-</b> denotes a great size or degree, and <b>-et-</b> a
+small size or degree, of that which the word signifies, as
+<i>domo</i>, a house, <i>domego</i>, a mansion, <i>dometo</i>, a
+cottage; <i>&#349;nuro</i>, a cord, <i>&#349;nurego</i>, a rope,
+<i>&#349;nureto</i>, a string; <i>monto</i>, a mountain,
+<i>montego</i>, a huge mountain, <i>monteto</i>, a hill;
+<i>ami</i>, to love, <i>amegi</i>, to idolise, <i>ameti</i>, to
+have a liking for; <i>ridi</i>, to laugh, <i>ridegi</i>, to shout
+with laughter, to guffaw, <i>rideti</i>, to smile.</p>
+
+<p><i>-eg-</i> and <i>-et-</i> denote a greater or smaller size
+or degree than is expressed by <i>very large</i> or <i>very
+small</i>. The adjective <i>ega</i> means <i>enormous, huge</i>,
+and <i>eta</i> means <i>tiny</i>.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>arbaro</i>, a wood.<br>
+ <i>bruo</i>, noise.<br>
+ <i>kale&#349;o</i>, carriage.<br>
+ <i>korto</i>, courtyard.<br>
+ <i>piedo</i>, foot.<br>
+ <i>teruro</i>, terror.<br>
+ <i>militistaro</i>, army.<br>
+ <i>serio</i>, series.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>somero</i>, summer.<br>
+ <i>kampo</i>, field.<br>
+ <i>piedego</i>, paw.<br>
+ <i>forir-</i>, go away.<br>
+ <i>murmur-</i>, murmur.<br>
+ <i>varma</i>, warm.<br>
+ <i>densa</i>, dense.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>En varmega tago mi amas promeni en arbaro. Kun bruo oni
+malfermis la pordegon, kaj la kale&#349;o enveturis en la korton.
+Tio &#265;i estas jam ne simpla pluvo, sed pluvego. Grandega
+hundo metis sur min sian anta&#365;an piedegon, kaj mi de teruro
+ne sciis, kion fari. Anta&#365; nia militistaro staris granda
+serio da pafilegoj. En tiu nokto blovis terura ventego. Kun
+plezurego. Li deziregis denove foriri.</p>
+
+<p>Tuj post la hejto la forno estis varmega, post unu horo
+&#285;i estis nur varma, post du horoj &#285;i estis nur iom
+varmeta, kaj post tri horoj &#285;i estis jam tute malvarma. Mi
+a&#265;etis por la infanoj tableton kaj kelke da se&#285;etoj. En
+nia lando sin ne trovas montoj, sed nur montetoj. En somero ni
+trovas malvarmeton en densaj arbaroj. Li sidas apud la tablo kaj
+dormetas. Mallar&#285;a vojeto kondukas tra tiu &#265;i kampo al
+nia domo. Sur lia viza&#285;o mi vidis &#285;ojan rideton.
+Anta&#365; la virino aperis malgranda, beleta hundo. Pardonu, li
+murmuretis.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================057.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 22.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>Suffix</i> <b>-il-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-il-</b> denotes the <i>instrument</i> by means
+of which something is done, as <i>razi</i>, to shave,
+<i>razilo</i>, a razor; <i>rigli</i>, to bolt, <i>riglilo</i>, a
+bolt; <i>butero</i>, butter, <i>buterilo</i>, a churn;
+<i>kuraci</i>, to treat (as a doctor), <i>kuracilo</i>, a
+medicine.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>viando</i>, meat, flesh.<br>
+ <i>po&#349;o</i>, pocket.<br>
+ <i>korko</i>, cork (substance).<br>
+ <i>ar&#285;ento</i>, silver.<br>
+ <i>telero</i>, plate.<br>
+ <i>sano</i>, health.<br>
+ <i>butero</i>, butter.<br>
+ <i>hak-</i>, chop, hew.<br>
+ <i>seg-</i>, saw.<br>
+ <i>fos-</i>, dig.<br>
+ <i>kudr-</i>, sew.<br>
+ <i>tond-</i>, clip, shear.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>komb-</i>, comb.<br>
+ <i>&#349;top-</i>, stop up.<br>
+ <i>&#349;los-</i>, lock.<br>
+ <i>glit-</i>, glide, slide.<br>
+ <i>direkt-</i>, direct, steer.<br>
+ <i>difekt-</i>, damage.<br>
+ <i>montr-</i>, show.<br>
+ <i>pes-</i>, weigh something.<br>
+ <i>tir-</i>, draw, pull.<br>
+ <i>vetur-</i>, drive (in a vehicle).<br>
+ <i>frosta</i>, frosty.<br>
+ <i>magneta</i>, magnetic.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Per hakilo ni hakas, per segilo ni segas, per fosilo ni fosas,
+per kudrilo ni kudras, per tondilo ni tondas. La tran&#265;ilo
+estis tiel malakra, ke mi ne povis tran&#265;i per &#285;i la
+viandon, kaj mi devis uzi mian po&#349;an tran&#265;ilon. &#264;u
+vi havas korktirilon, por mal&#349;topi la botelon? Mi volis
+&#349;losi la pordon, sed mi perdis la &#349;losilon. &#348;i
+kombas al si la harojn per ar&#285;enta kombilo. En somero ni
+veturas per diversaj veturiloj, kaj en vintro per glitveturilo.
+Hodia&#365; estas bela frosta vetero; tial mi prenos miajn
+glitilojn kaj iros gliti. La direktilisto de "Pinta" difektis la
+direktilon. La magneta montrilo. La unua montrilo en la plej
+multaj malsanoj estas la lango. Li metis &#285;in sur la teleron
+de pesilo.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================058.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 23.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>Suffixes</i> <b>-an-, -estr-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-an-</b> signifies a <i>member</i>, an
+<i>inhabitant</i> of a country, town, etc., or a member of a
+party, society, religion, etc. <i>E&#365;ropano</i>, a European;
+<i>Londonano</i>, a Londoner; <i>urbo</i>, a town or city,
+<i>urbano</i>, a citizen; <i>klubo</i>, a club, <i>klubano</i>, a
+member of a club. <i>Ano</i>, a member.</p>
+
+<p><b>-estr-</b> denotes the <i>head</i> of a State, town,
+society, etc. <i>Regno</i>, a State, <i>regnestro</i>, a ruler of
+a State; <i>urbestro</i>, the head of a town, a mayor;
+<i>lernejo</i>, a school, <i>lernejestro</i>, the principal or
+head master of a school; <i>imperio</i>, an empire,
+<i>imperiestro</i>, an emperor.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>Parizo</i>, Paris.<br>
+ <i>regno</i>, State.<br>
+ <i>imperio</i>, empire.<br>
+ <i>polico</i>, police.<br>
+ <i>Kristo</i>, Christ.<br>
+ <i>Lutero</i>, Luther.<br>
+ <i>Kalvino</i>, Calvin.<br>
+ <i>germano</i>, German.<br>
+ <i>franco</i>, Frenchman.<br>
+ <i>Rusujo</i>, Russia.<br>
+ <i>provinco</i>, province.<br>
+ <i>religio</i>, religion.<br>
+ <i>regimento</i>, regiment.<br>
+ <i>lokomotivo</i>, engine.<br>
+ <i>lo&#285;io</i>, box (opera),<br>
+   lodge (freemason, etc.).</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>vila&#285;o</i>, village.<br>
+ <i>obe-</i>, obey.<br>
+ <i>konfes-</i>, confess, avow,<br>
+   acknowledge, profess<br>
+   (a religion, etc.).<br>
+ <i>enir-</i>, enter.<br>
+ <i>ruza</i>, sharp (cunning).<br>
+ <i>sufi&#265;a</i>, sufficient.<br>
+ <i>ordinara</i>, ordinary.<br>
+ <i>naiva</i>, simple.<br>
+ <i>sa&#285;a</i>, wise.<br>
+ <i>severa</i>, strict, severe.<br>
+ <i>justa</i>, just, righteous.<br>
+ <i>egala</i>, equal.<br>
+ <i>fiera</i>, proud.<br>
+ <i>energia</i>, energetic.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================059.png============================ -->
+<p>La &#349;ipanoj devas obei la &#349;ipestron. &#264;iuj
+lo&#285;antoj de regno estas regnanoj. Urbanoj estas ordinare pli
+ruzaj, ol vila&#285;anoj. La Parizanoj estas gajaj homoj. Nia
+urbo havas bonajn policanojn, sed ne sufi&#265;e energian
+policestron. Luteranoj kaj Kalvinanoj estas Kristanoj. Germanoj
+kaj francoj, kiuj lo&#285;as en Rusujo, estas Rusujanoj, kvankam
+ili ne estas rusoj. Li estas nelerta kaj naiva provincano. La
+lo&#285;antoj de unu regno estas samregnanoj, la lo&#285;antoj de
+unu urbo estas samurbanoj, la konfesantoj de unu religio estas
+samreligianoj. Tiuj, kiuj havas la samajn ideojn, estas
+samideanoj.</p>
+
+<p>La regnestro de nia lando estas bona kaj sa&#285;a re&#285;o.
+Nia provincestro estas severa, sed justa. Nia regimentestro estas
+por siaj soldatoj kiel bona patro. Ili estas egale fieraj, kiel
+domestrino pri sia domo. Sur la lokomotivo la lokomotivestro
+sidis sola. La imperiestro, akompanata de la imperiestrino,
+&#309;us eniris en sian lo&#285;ion.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 24.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>Suffixes</i> <b>-ar-, -er-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-ar-</b> signifies a collection of the persons
+or things named, as <i>arbo</i>, a tree, <i>arbaro</i>, a wood;
+<i>homo</i>, a human being, <i>homaro</i>, mankind;
+<i>militisto</i>, a soldier (from <i>milito</i>, war),
+<i>militistaro</i>, an army; <i>vorto</i>, a word,
+<i>vortaro</i>, a dictionary (<i>vortareto</i>, a vocabulary);
+<i>aro</i>, a flock, <i>anaro</i>, a company, troop.</p>
+
+<p><b>-er-</b> signifies a particle, or one of things of which
+the name denotes a mass, as <i>greno</i>, corn, <i>grenero</i>, a
+grain of corn ; <i>polvo</i>, dust, <i>polvero</i>, a speck of
+dust; <i>pulvo</i>, gunpowder, <i>pulvero</i>, a grain of
+gunpowder; <i>hajlo</i>, hail, <i>hajlero</i>, a hailstone;
+<i>ne&#285;o</i>, snow, <i>ne&#285;ero</i>, a snowflake;
+<i>koto</i>, mud, <i>kotero</i>, a speck of mud or dirt.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================060.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>pulvo</i>, gunpowder.<br>
+ <i>&#349;tupo</i>, step, stair.<br>
+ <i>tegmento</i>, roof.<br>
+ <i>herbo</i>, grass.<br>
+ <i>bruto</i>, brute, beast, head of cattle.<br>
+ <i>lano</i>, wool.<br>
+ <i>persono</i>, person.<br>
+ <i>floreno</i>, florin.<br>
+ <i>&#349;ilingo</i>, shilling.<br>
+ <i>penco</i>, penny.<br>
+ <i>glaso</i>, a glass (tumbler).<br>
+ <i>brando</i>, brandy.<br>
+ <i>tuko</i>, a cloth.<br>
+ <i>telertuketo</i>, serviette.<br>
+   [Footnote: See Lesson 45.]<br>
+ <i>&#349;nuro</i>, cord.<br>
+ <i>sablo</i>, sand.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>&#349;afo</i>, a sheep.<br>
+ <i>fajro</i>, fire.<br>
+ <i>met-</i>, put, set.<br>
+ <i>pa&#349;t-</i>, feed (cause to feed),<br>
+   pasture.<br>
+ <i>sekv-</i>, follow.<br>
+ <i>bar-</i>, bar (obstruct).<br>
+ <i>batal-</i>, battle, fight.<br>
+ <i>eksplod-</i>, explode.<br>
+ <i>brava</i>, brave.<br>
+ <i>kruta</i>, steep.<br>
+ <i>hispana</i>, Spanish.<br>
+ <i>vasta</i>, vast, spacious.<br>
+ <i>precipe</i>, chiefly, particularly.<br>
+ <i>preska&#365;</i>, almost.<br>
+ <i>inter</i>, between, among.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Nia lando venkos, &#265;ar nia militistaro estas granda kaj
+brava. Sur kruta &#349;tuparo li levis sin al la tegmento de la
+domo. Mi ne scias la lingvon hispanan, sed per helpo de vortaro
+hispana-germana mi tamen komprenis iom vian leteron. Sur tiuj
+&#265;i vastaj kaj herbori&#265;aj kampoj pa&#349;tas sin grandaj
+brutaroj, precipe aroj da bellanaj &#349;afoj. La vagonaro
+konsistis preska&#365; nur el personvagonoj. Oni metis anta&#365;
+mi man&#285;ilaron, kiu konsistis el telero, kulero,
+tran&#265;ilo, forko, glaseto por brando, glaso por vino kaj
+telertuketo. Sur la maro staris granda &#349;ipo, kaj inter la
+&#349;nuregaro sidis &#265;ie &#349;ipanoj. Lia sekvantaro staris
+en la posto de la lo&#285;io. Mallumaj montegaroj baras la
+vojon.</p>
+
+<p>Floreno, &#349;ilingo kaj penco estas moneroj. Sablero enfalis
+en mian okulon. Unu fajrero estas sufi&#265;a por eksplodigi
+pulvon.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================061.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 25.</b></center>
+
+<center>Suffix <b>-ul-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-ul-</b> denotes a person characterised by the
+quality, etc., which the word expresses, as <i>justa</i>, just,
+righteous, <i>justulo</i>, one who is just; <i>babili</i>, to
+chatter, <i>babilulo</i>, one who chatters, a babbler;
+<i>avara</i>, avaricious, <i>avarulo</i>, a miser; <i>kun</i>,
+with, <i>kunulo</i>, a companion.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>legendo</i>, legend.<br>
+ <i>ombro</i>, shadow.<br>
+ <i>rajto</i>, right, authority.<br>
+ <i>profeto</i>, prophet.<br>
+ <i>mensogo</i>, a lie.<br>
+ <i>tagman&#285;-</i>, dine.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>entrepren-</i>, undertake.<br>
+ <i>propra</i>, own.<br>
+ <i>avara</i>, avaricious.<br>
+ <i>potenca</i>, powerful.<br>
+ <i>infekta</i>, infectious.<br>
+ <i>&#265;e</i>, at, with.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Malri&#265;a sa&#285;ulo tagman&#285;is &#265;e avara
+ri&#265;ulo. Malsa&#285;ulon &#265;iu batas. Li estas mensogisto
+kaj malnoblulo. Timulo timas e&#265; sian propran ombron. Tiu
+&#265;i maljunulo tute malsa&#285;i&#285;is kaj infani&#285;is.
+Unu instruitulo entreprenis gravan sciencan laboron. Nur
+sanktuloj havas la rajton enveni tien &#265;i. Li sola estas la
+grandulo, la potenculo. &#284;i ne estas la legendo pri la
+belulino Zobeido. Post infekta malsano oni ofte bruligas la
+vestojn de la malsanulo. La malbeno de la profeto staras super la
+kapo de maldankulo. Post kelkaj minutoj la kura&#285;ulo eliris.
+&#264;iuj sanktuloj, helpu!</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 26.</b></center>
+
+<p>The following words, which have already been used in the
+previous lessons, are always placed before <i>nouns</i> or
+<i>pronouns</i>, to show the relation (of position, etc.) between
+the thing for which the noun stands and another thing or an
+action.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================062.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>al</i>, to, towards.<br>
+ <i>apud</i>, beside, near, by.<br>
+ <i>da</i>, of (indefinite quantity).<br>
+ <i>de</i>, of from, by.<br>
+ <i>el</i>, out of.<br>
+ <i>en</i>, in, into, within.<br>
+ <i>ekster</i>, outside.<br>
+ <i>&#285;is</i>, until, till, as far as.<br>
+ <i>inter</i>, between, among.<br>
+ <i>kontra&#365;</i>, against, opposite.<br>
+ <i>kun</i>, (in company) with.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>la&#365;</i>, according to.<br>
+ <i>per</i>, by means of, with.<br>
+ <i>post</i>, after, behind.<br>
+ <i>pri</i>, concerning, about.<br>
+ <i>por</i>, for, for the sake of.<br>
+ <i>sen</i>, without.<br>
+ <i>super</i>, above, over.<br>
+ <i>sur</i>, on, upon.<br>
+ <i>tra</i>, through.<br>
+ <i>trans</i>, across, on the other side.<br>
+ <i>je</i>, (has no definite meaning).</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>(<i>These words are called</i> <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Prepositions</span>, <i>which
+means</i> placed before).</p>
+
+<p>The other simple prepositions are&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>anstata&#365;</i>, instead of.<br>
+ <i>anta&#365;</i>, before.<br>
+ <i>&#265;e</i>, at, with.<br>
+ <i>&#265;irka&#365;</i>, about, around.<br>
+ <i>krom</i>, besides, except.<br>
+ <i>malgra&#365;</i>, notwithstanding, in spite of.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>po</i>, at the rate of.<br>
+ <i>pro</i>, for (cause), owing to.<br>
+ <i>preter</i>, past, beyond, by.<br>
+ <i>spite</i>, in despite of.<br>
+ <i>sub</i>, under.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>The prepositions <i>anstata&#365;</i>, <i>anta&#365;</i>
+(<i>ol</i>), and <i>por</i> are also used before Infinitive
+verbs, as <i>anstata&#365; diri</i>, instead of saying (to say);
+<i>anta&#365; ol paroli</i>, before speaking; <i>por lerni</i>,
+in order to learn.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================063.png============================ -->
+<p>In Esperanto all the prepositions except "je" have a definite
+meaning, and care must be taken to use the one which conveys the
+exact sense. The same word cannot be used for "with" in the two
+sentences "He went with his father" and "He cut it with a knife,"
+or for "about" in "He spoke about his child" and "They stood
+about the stove." In the first example "with" his father is
+"kun", in company with, <i>Li iris</i> kun <i>sia patro</i>, and
+"with" a knife is "per", by means of, <i>Li tran&#265;is
+&#285;in</i> per <i>tran&#265;ilo</i>. "About," in "about his
+child," is "pri," concerning, <i>Li parolis</i> pri <i>sia
+infano</i>, but "about," in "about the stove," is
+"&#265;irka&#365;," around, <i>Ili staris</i> &#265;irka&#365;
+<i>la forno</i>.</p>
+
+<p>When we cannot decide which is the correct preposition to use
+in any case, we may use "je," the only preposition which has no
+special meaning of its own, or the preposition may be left out
+altogether, and "n" added to the noun or pronoun, provided that
+no want of clearness ensue (see Lesson 27), as <i>Mi ridas</i>
+pro <i>lia naiveco</i>, or, <i>Mi ridas</i> je <i>lia
+naiveco</i>, or, <i>Mi ridas lian naiveco</i>n, I laugh at his
+simplicity.</p>
+
+<p>When we wish to express "motion towards" something, and the
+preposition does not of itself express it, <i>n</i> is added to
+the noun or pronoun, as in the case of adverbs (see Lesson 12),
+<i>Li estas en la domo</i>, He is in the house; but, <i>Li iras
+en la domon</i>, He is going into the house.</p>
+
+<p><span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Note</span>.&mdash;There are three
+cases in which the noun or pronoun takes <i>n</i>. (i.). When it
+is the <i>direct object</i> of the verb, as <i>Mi vidis lin</i>,
+I saw him. (ii.). To show <i>direction</i>, as <i>Li iris en la
+&#285;ardenon</i>, He went into the garden. (iii.). When the
+<i>preposition</i> is <i>left out</i>. This is usually done in
+the case of <i>dates</i> and expressions signifying
+<i>duration</i> of time, as <i>Georgo Va&#349;ington estis
+naskita la dudek-duan de Februaro de la jaro mil sepcent tridek
+du</i>, George Washington was born the 22nd of February, 1732.
+<i>Vi restos tie &#265;i la tutan vivon (dum la tuta vivo)</i>,
+You will remain here your (the) whole life.</p>
+
+<p>All the prepositions whose meaning allows of it can be used as
+adjectives, adverbs, etc., by adding the proper endings, as from
+<i>anta&#365;</i>, before, we get <i>anta&#365;a</i>, former,
+<i>anta&#365;e</i>, formerly or previously, <i>anta&#365;en</i>,
+forward.</p>
+
+<p>Prepositions are also joined to other words, and to prefixes
+or suffixes, as <i>anta&#365;diri</i>, to foretell; <i>apudmara
+urbo</i>, a seaside town; <i>senigi</i>, to deprive of.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================064.png============================ -->
+<p>Sometimes the preposition is both prefixed to the verb and
+used after it before the noun, as <i>Li eliris el la domo, kaj
+eniris en la &#285;ardenon</i>, He went out of the house, and
+entered into the garden.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 27.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Al.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Al</b> signifies <i>to</i> or <i>towards</i> a person or
+place. It is also used before the noun or pronoun which signifies
+<i>person</i> after such verbs as <i>give, tell</i>, etc., which
+take two objects in different relations to the verb, as&mdash;
+Give (to) him the book, <i>Donu al li la libron.</i> Tell (to)
+him the truth, <i>Diru al li la veron.</i> Write (to) him a
+letter, <i>Skribu al li leteron.</i> In such cases we can say
+<i>Pardonu lin</i>, Pardon him, if the "thing" object is not
+mentioned, but we cannot say <i>Pardonu lin la kulpon</i>,
+Forgive him his fault; it must be <i>Pardonu al li la kulpon.</i>
+The pronoun with "al" is sometimes used instead of the possessive
+(pronoun) adjective <i>mia</i>, etc., as <i>Mi tran&#265;is al mi
+la fingron</i>, for <i>Mi tran&#265;is mian fingron</i>, I cut my
+finger. <i>"&#348;i kombis al si la harojn,"</i> instead of
+<i>"&#348;i kombis siajn harojn,"</i> She combed her hair.</p>
+
+<p><i>Al</i> is frequently used as a prefix as well as after the
+verb, as <i>aldoni</i>, to add; <i>alpreni</i>, to adopt;
+<i>ali&#285;i</i>, to adhere; <i>alju&#285;i</i>, to award.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>sor&#265;isto</i>, sorcerer.<br>
+ <i>detran&#265;-</i>, cut off.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>promes-</i>, promise.<br>
+ <i>amba&#365;</i>, both.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================065.png============================ -->
+<p>&#348;i revenis al la palaco de sia patro. Ili amba&#365; iris
+al la urbestro. &#264;u mi ne faris al vi bonon? &#348;i nenion
+al ili rakontis. &#348;i skribis al li leteron. &#264;iutage li
+instruas al la homoj ion, kion ili ne scias. Ili flugis al la
+suno. Unu fratino promesis al la alia rakonti al &#349;i, kion
+&#349;i vidis kaj kio la plej multe pla&#265;is al &#349;i en la
+unua tago. Eble li al vi pardonos. &#348;i ne kredis al siaj
+propraj oreloj. Li ne sciis, ke al &#349;i li devas danki la
+vivon. Si savis al li la vivon. La sor&#265;istino detran&#265;is
+al la virineto de maro la langon.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 28.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>&#264;e. Apud.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>&#264;e</b> indicates a certain <i>place, time</i>, or
+<i>point of thought, discourse</i>, etc., as, <i>Li estis &#265;e
+mia patro</i>, He was with my father, or at my father's house.
+<i>&#264;e la momento</i>, At the moment. <i>Li estis &#265;e la
+pordo</i>, He was at the door, <i>&#264;eesti</i>, To be
+present.</p>
+
+<p><b>Apud</b> means <i>close by, beside.</i> It applies to place
+only, as <i>La knabo staris apud la patro</i>, The boy stood by,
+or beside, the father.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>fundo</i>, bottom.<br>
+ <i>brako</i>, arm.<br>
+ <i>tor&#265;o</i>, torch.<br>
+ <i>serpento</i>, serpent.<br>
+ <i>statuo</i>, statue.<br>
+ <i>saliko</i>, willow.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>halt-</i>, stop, halt.<br>
+ <i>ramp-</i>, creep, crawl.<br>
+ <i>plant-</i>, (to) plant.<br>
+ <i>multekosta</i>, precious,<br>
+   valuable.<br>
+ <i>a&#365; ... a&#365;</i>, either ... or.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Mi lo&#285;is &#265;e &#349;ia patro. &#284;i falis sur la
+fundon de la maro &#265;e la rompi&#285;o de la &#349;ipo.
+&#264;e lumo de tor&#265;oj. Brako &#265;e brako. Kaptis lin
+kelka timo &#265;e la penso. Nenio helpas; oni devas nur
+kura&#285;e resti &#265;e sia opinio. &#348;i ridis &#265;e lia
+rakontado. &#264;e &#265;iu vorto, kiun vi diros, el via
+bu&#349;o eliros a&#365; floro a&#365; multekosta &#349;tono.</p>
+
+<p>Li haltis apud la pordo. La serpento rampis apud &#349;iaj
+piedoj. Kiam li estis &#265;e mi, li staris tutan horon apud la
+fenestro. Mi lo&#285;is en arbo apud via domo. &#348;i plantis
+apud la statuo roza-ru&#285;an salikon. La apudvojaj arboj.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================066.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 29.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>En.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>En</b> means <i>in, inside;</i> when <i>n</i> is added to
+the noun which it precedes, it means <i>into</i>, as <i>Kie vi
+estas? Mi estas en la domo. Kien vi iras? Mi iras en la
+&#285;ardenon.</i> Where are you? I am in the house. Where are
+you going? I am going into the garden. <i>Malamiko venis en nian
+landon</i>, An enemy came into our country.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>Hispanujo</i>, Spain.<br>
+ <i>humoro</i>, humour, temper.<br>
+ <i>paco</i>, peace.<br>
+ <i>pinglo</i>, pin.<br>
+ <i>nasko-tago</i>, birthday.<br>
+ <i>faruno</i>, flour.<br>
+ <i>parto</i>, part.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>muel-</i>, grind.<br>
+ <i>turn-</i>, turn.<br>
+ <i>divid-</i>, divide.<br>
+ <i>do</i>, then.<br>
+ <i>&#285;uste</i>, exactly, just.<br>
+ <i>kvaza&#365;</i>, as if.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>La birdo flugas en la &#265;ambro ( = &#285;i estas en la
+&#265;ambro, kaj flugas en &#285;i). La birdo flugas en la
+&#265;ambron ( = &#285;i estas ekster la &#265;ambro, kaj flugas
+nun en &#285;in). Mi voja&#285;as en Hispanujo. Mi voja&#285;as
+en Hispanujon. Kion do fari en tia okazo? Mi estas en bona
+humoro. Li murmuretis al la re&#285;ino en la orelon. En sekvo de
+tiu &#265;i okazo. Mi preferus resti en paco tie &#265;i.
+&#348;ia naskotago estis &#285;uste en la mezo de vintro. Li
+ekrigardis en la okulojn de la infano. Li estis bela granda viro
+en la a&#285;o de kvardek jaroj. En la da&#365;ro de mia tuta
+vivo. En la fino de la jaro. Mano en mano. Enirinte en la
+vagonon, &#349;i sidis kvaza&#365; sur pingloj. La greno
+mueli&#285;as en farunon. Aleksandro turni&#285;is en polvon. Li
+dividis la pomon en du partojn.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 30.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Inter. Ekster. El.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Inter</b> means <i>between, among</i>, or <i>amongst.</i>
+It is largely used as a prefix, as <i>interparoli</i>, to
+converse; <i>internacia</i>, international; <i>interkonsento</i>,
+agreement; <i>sin intermeti</i>, to interfere.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================067.png============================ -->
+<p><b>Ekster</b> means <i>out of, outside</i>, as <i>ekster
+dan&#285;ero</i>, out of danger. It is used as a prefix, as
+<i>eksterordinara</i>, extraordinary.</p>
+
+<p><b>El</b> means <i>out of</i>. It applies (i.) to
+<i>place</i>, signifying motion from, as, <i>Mi eliris el la
+domo</i>, I went out of the house. (ii.). <i>Chosen from
+among</i>, as, <i>Unu el miaj infanoj</i>, One of (from among) my
+children. (iii.). <i>Made out of</i>, as, <i>Tiu &#265;i
+&#349;tofo estas farita el lano</i>, This cloth is made (out) of
+wool. <i>El</i> is used as a prefix, and means <i>out,
+outright</i>, or <i>thoroughly</i>, as, <i>Elfosi</i>, to dig
+out; <i>Ellerni</i>, to learn thoroughly.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kolono</i>, column, pillar.<br>
+ <i>marmoro</i>, marble.<br>
+ <i>figuro</i>, figure.<br>
+ <i>muro</i>, wall.<br>
+ <i>kanapo</i>, sofa.<br>
+ <i>arto</i>, art.<br>
+ <i>viveco</i>, liveliness.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>krono</i>, crown.<br>
+ <i>uzo</i>, use.<br>
+ <i>okazo</i>, occasion.<br>
+ <i>alfabeto</i>, alphabet.<br>
+ <i>divid-</i>, divide (something).<br>
+ <i>produkt-</i>, produce.<br>
+ <i>interne</i>, inside.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Inter Rusujo kaj Francujo estas Germanujo. Ili dividis inter
+si dekdu pomojn. Inter la deka kaj dekunua horo matene. Inter la
+kolonoj staris marmoraj figuroj. Apud la muro inter la fenestroj
+staris kanapo. Longe ili parolis inter si. &#264;e tiu &#265;i
+malsano unu horo povas decidi inter vivo kaj morto. En la
+intertempo inter la paroloj oni produktas artajn fajrojn.</p>
+
+<p>Mi staras ekster la domo, kaj li estas interne. Li estas
+ekster la pordo. Nun ni estas ekster dan&#285;ero. Li lo&#285;as
+ekster la urbo. Starante ekstere, li povis vidi nur la eksteran
+flankon de nia domo. Li montris eksteren en la mallumon. Mi lasis
+lin ekstere. La ekstero de tiu &#265;i homo estas pli bona, ol
+lia interno.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================068.png============================ -->
+<p>Li eliris el la urbo. Li estas &#309;us reveninta el la
+eksterlando. Kun eksterordinara viveco &#349;i elsaltis el la
+vagono. &#348;i metis al &#349;i kronon el blankaj lilioj sur la
+harojn. Li faris uzon el la okazo. Tiuj &#265;i nestoj estas
+farataj tute el tero. &#348;i estis la plej kura&#285;a el
+&#265;iuj. Jen vi elkreskis! Li eliris el la dormo&#265;ambro,
+kaj eniris en la man&#285;o&#265;ambron. La esperanta alfabeto
+konsistas el dudek ok literoj.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 31.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Sur. Super. Sub.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Sur</b> means <i>on, upon</i> (touching). <i>Li sidas sur
+la kanapo</i>, He is sitting on the sofa. Followed by the
+accusative (with <i>n</i>) it means <i>on to</i>, as
+<i>Sidi&#285;u sur la kanapon</i>, Sit down on the sofa.
+<i>Influi sur la karakteron</i>, To have influence on the
+character.</p>
+
+<p><b>Super</b> means <i>over, above</i> (not touching). <i>Super
+la maro flugis la nuboj</i>, Over the sea floated the clouds.
+Followed by the accusative it shows motion over and above a
+thing, as <i>Li &#309;etis &#349;tonon super la muron</i>, He
+threw a stone over the wall.</p>
+
+<p><b>Sub</b> means <i>under, underneath</i>. <i>La hundo
+ku&#349;is sub la tablo</i>, The dog lay under the table. With
+the accusative <i>sub</i> shows motion to and beneath, as <i>La
+hundo kuris sub la tablon</i>, The dog ran under the table.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>aero</i>, air.<br>
+ <i>sono</i>, sound.<br>
+ <i>benko</i>, bench.<br>
+ <i>kato</i>, cat.<br>
+ <i>lito</i>, bed.<br>
+ <i>frukto</i>, fruit.<br>
+ <i>genuo</i>, knee.<br>
+ <i>muso</i>, mouse.<br>
+ <i>muziko</i>, music.<br>
+ <i>ponto</i>, bridge.<br>
+ <i>sofo</i>, sofa.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>supra&#309;o</i>, surface.<br>
+ <i>&#349;ultro</i>, shoulder.<br>
+ <i>ferdeko</i>, deck.<br>
+ <i>balanc-</i>, swing (something).<br>
+ <i>frap-</i>, strike, slap.<br>
+ <i>influ-</i>, have influence on.<br>
+ <i>prem-</i>, press.<br>
+ <i>na&#285;-</i>, swim.<br>
+ <i>forestanta</i>, absent.<br>
+ <i>nobla</i>, noble (quality).<br>
+ <i>alta</i>, high.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================069.png============================ -->
+<p>Mi sidas sur se&#285;o kaj tenas la piedojn sur benketo. Li
+revenis kun kato sur la brako. Mi metis la manon sur la tablon.
+Li falis sur la genuojn. Ne iru sur la ponton. Li &#309;etis sin
+malespere sur se&#285;on. Li frapis lin sur la &#349;ultron, kaj
+premis lin malsupren sur la sofon. Mi sidigis min sur la lokon de
+la forestanta hejtisto. La fruktoplantado devas influi noblige
+sur tiujn, kiuj sia okupas je &#285;i.</p>
+
+<p>Super la tero sin trovas aero. Liaj pensoj alte levi&#285;is
+super la nubojn. &#348;i ricevis la permeson sin levi super la
+supra&#309;on de la maro. Ili povis sin levi sur la altajn
+montojn alte super la nubojn. Li staras supre sur la monto kaj
+rigardas malsupren sur la kampon. &#348;i sidis sur la akvo kaj
+balanci&#285;is supren kaj malsupren.</p>
+
+<p>El sub la kanapo la muso kuris sub la liton, kaj nun &#285;i
+kuras sub la lito. &#348;i ofte devis na&#285;i sub la akvon. Sub
+la sonoj de muziko ili dancis sur la ferdeko. Ekfloris sub
+&#349;ia rigardo la blankaj lilioj. &#348;i subi&#285;is sub la
+akvon. &#348;i suprenna&#285;is &#265;e la subiro de la suno.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 32.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Tra. Trans. Preter.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Tra</b> means <i>through</i>, as <i>Tra la truo</i>,
+Through the hole. <i>Tra la mondo</i>, Through the world.</p>
+
+<p><b>Trans</b> means <i>at the other side, across</i>, as <i>Li
+lo&#285;as trans la rivero</i>, He lives on the other side of the
+river. With the accusative it means <i>to the other side</i>, as
+<i>Li na&#285;is trans la riveron</i>, He swam to the other side
+of (across) the river.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================070.png============================ -->
+<p><b>Preter</b> means <i>past, by</i>, or <i>beyond;</i> it
+conveys the idea of coming up from behind and passing on in
+front, as <i>Mi pasis preter via frato</i>, or <i>Mi preterpasis
+vian fraton</i>, I passed your brother. The difference between
+<i>tra</i>, <i>trans</i>, and <i>preter</i> is clearly shown by
+the sentence <i>Trapasinte la arbaron, li preterpasis la
+pre&#285;ejon kaj tiam transpasis la riveron per la ponto</i>,
+Having passed through the wood, he passed by the church, and then
+passed over the river by the bridge.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kameno</i>, hearth, fireside.<br>
+ <i>poto</i>, pot.<br>
+ <i>kaldrono</i>, cauldron, kettle.<br>
+ <i>vaporo</i>, steam, vapour.<br>
+ <i>hirundo</i>, swallow.<br>
+ <i>tunelo</i>, tunnel.<br>
+ <i>oceano</i>, ocean.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>momento</i>, moment.<br>
+ <i>abato</i>, abbot.<br>
+ <i>penetr-</i>, penetrate.<br>
+ <i>bol-</i>, boil (as water boils).<br>
+ <i>turn-</i>, turn (a thing or oneself).<br>
+ <i>lar&#285;a</i>, wide, broad.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Li estas tiel dika, ke li ne povas trairi tra nia
+mallar&#285;a pordo. &#348;i rigardis supren tra la mallume-blua
+akvo. Tra la palru&#285;a aero lumis la stelo de la vespero. La
+sonado de la sonoriloj trapenetras malsupren al &#349;i. Ili
+traglitas inter la bran&#265;oj. Sur la kameno inter du potoj
+staras fera kaldrono; el la kaldrono, en kiu sin trovas
+(<i>or</i> trovi&#285;as) bolanta akvo, eliras vaporo; tra la
+fenestro, kiu sin trovas (<i>or</i> trovi&#285;as) apud la pordo,
+la vaporo iras sur la korton.</p>
+
+<p>La hirundo flugis trans la riveron, &#265;ar trans la rivero
+sin trovis (<i>or</i> trovi&#285;is) aliaj hirundoj. Ili povas
+flugi sur &#349;ipoj trans la maron. "Kial Hanibalo iris trans la
+Alpojn? &#264;ar tiam la tunelo ne estis ankora&#365; preter."
+Estas neeble, ke ili estu transirintaj trans la oceanon. &#264;io
+transturni&#285;is la fundo supren.</p>
+
+<p>Ni pasis preter la stacio. En tiu &#265;i momento preteriras
+la abato. Preterirante, mi demandis lin, &#265;u jam estas la
+dekdua horo. La muelilo ne povas mueli per akvo
+preterfluinta.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================071.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 33.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Anta&#365;. Post.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Anta&#365;</b> means <i>before</i> (time), <i>Ni revenos
+anta&#365; Mardo</i>, We shall return before Tuesday, <i>in front
+of</i> (place), <i>Anta&#365; la domo</i>, Before the house.
+Before verbs "<i>anta&#365; ol</i>" is used, as <i>Lavu vin,
+anta&#365; ol man&#285;i</i>, Wash (yourself) before eating.</p>
+
+<p><b>Post</b> means <i>after</i> (time), <i>behind</i>
+(place).</p>
+
+<p>Care must be taken in using <i>anta&#365;</i> and <i>post</i>
+to arrange the sentence so that there can be no doubt as to
+whether time or place is referred to. "He came before his
+father," in place or position, <i>i.e.</i>, in front of his
+father, is <i>Li venis anta&#365; sia patro</i>, but if <i>before
+in time</i> is meant, it must be <i>Li venis anta&#365; ol lia
+patro</i> (<i>venis</i>). <i>Li venis post sia patro</i> means He
+came behind his father; if we mean "after his father came" we may
+use <i>kiam</i>, and say <i>Li venis post, kiam lia patro
+venis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>To express "time past," "ago," <i>anta&#365;</i> is used, as
+<i>Anta&#365; tri tagoj</i>, Three days ago. <i>Anta&#365;
+longe</i>, A long time ago. <i>Anta&#365; nelonge</i>, Not long
+ago.</p>
+
+<p>To express "in" a time to come <i>post</i> is used, as I will
+come in three days, <i>Mi venos post tri tagoj</i>. <i>Post
+nelonge</i>, In a short time.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>pre&#285;ejo</i>, church (place of
+prayer).<br>
+ <i>ordo</i>, order.<br>
+ <i>ri&#265;eco</i>, wealth.<br>
+ <i>pa&#349;o</i>, step.<br>
+ <i>pa&#285;o</i>, page.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>vek-</i>, waken (someone).<br>
+ <i>bala-</i>, sweep.<br>
+ <i>ra&#365;ka</i>, hoarse.<br>
+ <i>avida</i>, eager, greedy.<br>
+ <i>ofte</i>, often.<br>
+ <i>publike</i>, publicly.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================072.png============================ -->
+<p>Anta&#365; ili staris pre&#285;ejo. Anta&#365; tiuj homoj
+estas inde paroli. Ofte en la nokto &#349;i staris anta&#365; la
+fenestro. Mi estas peka anta&#365; vi. Anta&#365; unu horo.
+Anta&#365; mallonge li veki&#285;is tre ra&#365;ka. Anta&#365;
+nelonge oni vendis la domon publike. Ne iru, anta&#365; ol vi
+scias, ke &#265;io estas en ordo. Mi devos lasi ilin elbalai la
+&#265;ambron, anta&#365; ol ni komencos danci. Mi estis tie en la
+anta&#365;a jaro. Anta&#365;e mi neniam pensis pri ri&#265;eco.
+Estis al &#349;i, kiel la sor&#265;istino anta&#365;diris.</p>
+
+<p>Li restis post la pordo. Iom post iom. &#348;i komencis avide
+legi pa&#285;on post pa&#285;o. &#348;i rigardis post lin kun
+rideto. Post kelkaj minutoj levi&#285;is la suno. &#348;i
+&#309;etis siajn brakojn posten kaj anta&#365;en. Ni restos
+kelkajn semajnojn en Parizo; poste ni voja&#285;os en
+Germanujon.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 34.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Dum. &#284;is. &#264;irka&#365;.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Dum</b> means <i>during</i>, as <i>Dum mia tuta vivo</i>,
+During my whole life. It is not much used as a preposition, that
+is, before a noun, <i>en la da&#365;ro de</i> being better, as
+<i>En la da&#365;ro de mia tuta vivo</i>, In (the duration of) my
+whole life; or the preposition is omitted altogether, as <i>La
+tutan tagon mi laboradis</i>, I used to work all day long.
+<i>Dum</i>, meaning <i>while, whilst</i>, is often used at the
+beginning of a sentence. <i>Dume</i> means meanwhile, or, in the
+meantime.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#284;is</b> means <i>till, until, up to, as far as</i>.
+<i>Atendu &#285;is Sabato</i>, Wait until Saturday. <i>Iru
+&#285;is la rivero</i>, Go as far as the river.</p>
+
+<p><b>&#264;irka&#365;</b> means <i>about</i> or <i>around,
+somewhere near</i> (more or less). <i>Ili ludis &#265;irka&#365;
+la arbo</i>, They played around the tree. <i>&#264;irka&#365;
+Majo ni foriros</i>, About May we shall go away.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================073.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>koncerto</i>, concert.<br>
+ <i>flanko</i>, side.<br>
+ <i>sorto</i>, fate.<br>
+ <i>radio</i>, ray.<br>
+ <i>kupolo</i>, cupola, dome.<br>
+ <i>rublo</i>, rouble.<br>
+ <i>eta&#285;o</i>, story (of building).<br>
+ <i>doloro</i>, pain, ache.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>vitro</i>, glass (material).<br>
+ <i>globo</i>, globe.<br>
+ <i>kolekt-</i>, collect.<br>
+ <i>prepar-</i>, prepare.<br>
+ <i>pes-</i>, weigh (something).<br>
+ <i>ekzist-</i>, exist.<br>
+ <i>pere-</i>, perish.<br>
+ <i>proksime</i>, near to.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Dum la tuta tago (a&#365;, la tutan tagon) li restis sola. Dum
+(a&#365;, en la da&#365;ro de) kelkaj monatoj, &#349;i ne
+eliradis el sia &#265;ambro. Li dormis dum la tuta koncerto
+(a&#365;, la tutan koncerton). Dum da&#365;ris la preparoj, li
+estis gasto &#265;e la re&#285;o. Dum li veturas sur la vojo al
+Grenada, en Santa F&eacute; estas decidata lia sorto.</p>
+
+<p>Ili laboradis &#285;is profunda nokto. La telero de la pesilo
+mallevi&#285;is &#285;is la tero. &#284;iaj radioj sin levadis
+&#285;is la kupolo. Pruntu al mi dek rublojn &#285;is
+morga&#365;. Li laboradis de frua mateno &#285;is malfrua nokto.
+Li batalos &#285;is la fino mem. Ni levadis nin &#265;iam pli kaj
+pli alte &#285;is la kvara eta&#285;o. &#284;i ekzistos &#285;is
+la mondo pereos.</p>
+
+<p>La re&#285;o venis &#265;irka&#365; tagmezo en la vila&#285;on
+Reading. &#264;irka&#365; la mateno la ventego fini&#285;is.
+Estos sufi&#265;e &#265;irka&#365; dek metroj. &#264;iuj
+kolekti&#285;is &#265;irka&#365; la vitra globo. Oni povas
+rigardi tre malproksime &#265;irka&#365;e. &#264;irka&#365;e
+na&#285;is grandaj montoj de glacio. Li rigardis
+&#265;irka&#365;en sur &#265;iuj flankoj.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 35.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>De. Da.</b></center>
+
+<!-- =============================074.png============================ -->
+<p><b>De</b> means <i>of</i>, <i>from</i>, or <i>by</i>; it
+denotes (i.) <i>possession</i>, as <i>La &#265;apelo de la
+patro</i>, The father's hat; (ii.), <i>the agent of an
+action</i>, as <i>La letero estis skribata de Johano</i>, The
+letter was written by John; (iii.), <i>cause, Li mortis de
+febro</i>, He died of fever; (iv.), <i>starting point, from,
+since</i>, as <i>De tiu tempo neniu lin vidis</i>, (Starting)
+from (since) that time nobody has seen him; <i>Li venis de
+Parizo</i>, He came from Paris.</p>
+
+<p><b>Da</b> means <i>of</i>; it is used after words signifying
+quantity, when the noun following has a <i>general</i>, not a
+<i>particular</i> sense, as <i>Dekduo da kuleroj</i>, A dozen
+spoons; <i>Funto da teo</i>, A pound of tea; <i>Peco da pano</i>,
+A piece of bread; but if some particular tea, bread, etc., is
+specified, <i>de</i> must be used, as <i>Funto de la teo</i>, A
+pound of the tea; <i>Peco de la pano</i>, A piece of the bread.
+<i>La</i> cannot be used after <i>da.</i></p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>placo</i>, place, square.<br>
+ <i>velo</i>, sail.<br>
+ <i>drapo</i>, cloth.<br>
+ <i>ovo</i>, egg.<br>
+ <i>kilometro</i>, kilometre.<br>
+ <i>bordo</i>, shore.<br>
+ <i>amaso</i>, crowd.<br>
+ <i>a&#365;tuno</i>, autumn.<br>
+ <i>turo</i>, tower.<br>
+ <i>&#265;evalo</i>, horse.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>peco</i>, piece.<br>
+ <i>sumo</i>, sum.<br>
+ <i>inko</i>, ink.<br>
+ <i>najbaro</i>, neighbour.<br>
+ <i>mezuro</i>, measure,<br>
+ <i>sufer-</i>, suffer.<br>
+ <i>signif-</i>, mean, signify.<br>
+ <i>nigra</i>, black.<br>
+ <i>plena</i>, full.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>La lumo de la luno. En la mezo de la placo staris domo. Li
+povis havi la a&#285;on de dekses jaroj. La tempo de ilia vivo
+estas ankora&#365; pli mallonga, ol de nia. Ili sin levis de apud
+la tablo. Mi pensis, ke vi de tie jam ne revenos. La &#349;ipanoj
+demetis la velojn. Li deiris de la &#265;evalo.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================075.png============================ -->
+<p>Glaso de vino estas glaso, en kiu anta&#365;e sin trovis vino,
+a&#365; kiun oni uzas por vino; glaso da vino estas glaso plena
+je vino. Alportu al mi metron da nigra drapo. (Metro de drapo
+signifus metron, kiu ku&#349;is sur drapo, a&#365; kiu estas
+uzata por drapo). Mi a&#265;etis dekon da ovoj. Tiu &#265;i
+rivero havas ducent kilometrojn da longo. Sur la bordo de la maro
+staris amaso da homoj. Multaj birdoj flugas en la a&#365;tuno en
+pli varmajn landojn. Sur la arbo sin trovis multe (a&#365; multo)
+da birdoj. Kelkaj homoj sentas sin la plej feli&#265;aj, kiam ili
+vidas la suferojn de siaj najbaroj. En la &#265;ambro sidis nur
+kelke da homoj. "Da" post ia vorto montras, ke tiu &#265;i vorto
+havas signifon de mezuro.</p>
+
+<p>&#284;i estas bela peco da &#349;tofo. Sur la teleron li metis
+milojn da pecoj da ar&#285;ento. La lumoj brilas kiel centoj da
+steloj. Knabo a&#265;etis boteleton da inko. Ili konstruas
+turetojn enhavantajn multe da &#265;ambretoj. Li donis al ili
+grandan sumon da mono.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 36.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Per. Kun. Sen.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Per</b> and <b>kun</b> represent different uses of our word
+"with," so care must be taken to use the correct word.</p>
+
+<p><b>Per</b> signifies <i>by means of</i>; it denotes the
+<i>instrument</i> by means of which something is done, as <i>Per
+hakilo ni hakas</i>, By means of an axe we chop.</p>
+
+<p><b>Kun</b> means <i>in company with, accompanying</i>. <i>Li
+iros kun mi</i>, He will go with me.</p>
+
+<p><b>Sen</b> means <i>without</i> as <i>Teo sen sukero</i>, Tea
+without sugar. It is used as a prefix to denote absence of
+something, as <i>sen-utila</i>, without use, useless (compare
+with <i>mal</i>, which denotes the exact opposite;
+<i>malutila</i> means <i>harmful, noxious</i>).</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>envio</i>, envy.<br>
+ <i>&#349;a&#365;mo</i>, foam, froth.<br>
+ <i>fi&#349;o</i>, fish.<br>
+ <i>vosto</i>, tail.<br>
+ <i>pentra&#309;o</i>, painting.<br>
+ <i>re&#285;ido</i>, prince (king's son).<br>
+ <i>princo</i>, prince.<br>
+ <i>ondo</i>, wave.<br>
+ <i>membro</i>, member.<br>
+ <i>tataro</i>, Tartar.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>folio</i>, leaf.<br>
+ <i>fadeno</i>, thread.<br>
+ <i>lud-</i>, play.<br>
+ <i>pentr-</i>, paint.<br>
+ <i>flar-</i>, smell (something).<br>
+ <i>pel-</i>, drive.<br>
+ <i>kovr-</i>, cover.<br>
+ <i>&#265;es-</i>, cease.<br>
+ <i>mov-</i>, move (something).<br>
+ <i>kune</i>, together.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================076.png============================ -->
+<p>Mi man&#285;as per la bu&#349;o, kaj flaras per la nazo.
+&#348;i surpa&#349;is per piedo sur la serpenton. &#284;i
+enkovris la belegan lilion per blanka &#349;a&#365;mo. La korpo
+fini&#285;is per fi&#349;a vosto. &#264;iuj muroj estas ornamitaj
+per grandaj pentra&#309;oj. Per tie &#265;i, kaj ne per alia
+vojo, la &#349;telisto forkuris. Per kia maniero oni povas veni
+en la landon de oro? Per tia maniero. Per unu vorto. La stelo
+Venus ekbrulis per envio.</p>
+
+<p>&#348;i volis ludi kun ili, sed kun teruro ili forkuris. Kun
+kia atento &#349;i a&#365;skultis tiujn &#265;i rakontojn! La
+plej bela el ili estis la juna re&#285;ido kun la grandaj nigraj
+okuloj. Tien &#265;i alna&#285;is la virineto de maro kun la bela
+princo. Kun plezuro. Kun &#265;iu jaro la nombro de la membroj
+rapide kreskis.</p>
+
+<p>La tataro restis sen bona &#265;evalo kaj sen man&#285;o. Li
+preska&#365; sen vivo estis pelata de la ondoj. Ili teksis per
+&#265;iuj fortoj, sed sen fadenoj. Li senvorte obeis. La folioj
+sin movis (<i>or</i> movi&#285;is) sen&#265;ese. Li kreis
+sennombrajn birdojn.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 37.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Por. Pro.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Por</b> means <i>for, in order to, for the purpose of, for
+the benefit of</i>, as <i>Li a&#265;etis inkon por skribi</i>, He
+bought ink in order to write. Por is one of the three
+prepositions used before verbs in the Infinitive.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pro</b> means <i>for, because of, on account of, for the
+sake of</i> (cause), as <i>Li demandis &#349;in, pro kio &#349;i
+ploras</i>, He asked her, for what (reason or cause) she
+weeps.</p>
+
+<p><b>Por</b> looks <i>forward</i> to the aim or purpose of the
+action, to that which comes after the action, while <i>pro</i>
+looks <i>back</i> to what came before the action and caused it to
+be done, as <i>Mi man&#285;as</i> pro <i>malsato</i> por
+<i>vivi</i>, I eat because of hunger in order to live.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================077.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ofico</i>, office.<br>
+ <i>mastro</i>, master.<br>
+ <i>kafo</i>, coffee.<br>
+ <i>bieno</i>, property.<br>
+ <i>ka&#365;zo</i>, cause.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>vend-</i>, sell.<br>
+ <i>konvink-</i>, convince.<br>
+ <i>kontenta</i>, content, pleased.<br>
+ <i>sata</i>, satiated.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Li sin kuracis por resani&#285;i. &#348;i havis multege por
+rakonti. Li iris en la pre&#285;ejon, por fari la konfeson. Por
+iel pasigi la tempon. Neniu pli bone ta&#365;gas por sia ofico,
+ol li. Li uzis &#265;iajn siajn fortojn por kontentigi sian
+mastron. Por mi estas tute egale, kie ajn mi lo&#285;as. Prenu
+(la pagon) por la kafo.</p>
+
+<p>Li mortis pro (a&#365;, de) malsato. Mi havis tre bonan
+bienon, kiu estis vendita pro &#349;uldoj. Pro la &#265;ielo, ne
+faru tion &#265;i. Li estis konvinkita, ke li pro si ne devas
+timi. Pro tio &#265;i Venus lumas pli forte, ol multaj aliaj
+steloj. &#264;u pro tio, a&#365; &#265;u pro ia alia ka&#365;zo,
+mi ne scias.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 38.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Pri. La&#365;.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Pri</b> means <i>concerning, in regard to, about</i>, as
+<i>Ni parolis pri nia amiko</i>, We spoke about or concerning our
+friend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pripensi</i>, to think about, to consider.
+<i>Priparoli</i>, to speak about. <i>Priskribi</i>, to
+describe.</p>
+
+<p><b>La&#365;</b> means <i>according to, in accordance with</i>,
+as <i>La&#365; mia opinio</i>, According to (or, in) my
+opinion.</p>
+
+<p><i>La&#365;longe</i>, lengthways.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>konko</i>, shell<br>
+ <i>komando</i>, command.<br>
+ <i>ekstera&#309;o</i>, exterior.<br>
+ <i>portreto</i>, portrait.<br>
+ <i>boneco</i>, goodness.<br>
+ <i>fojo</i>, time.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>afero</i>, affair, matter.<br>
+ <i>honesteco</i>, honesty.<br>
+ <i>konvena</i>, suitable, proper, respectable.<br>
+ <i>son&#285;-</i>, dream.<br>
+ <i>&#349;ajn-</i>, seem, appear.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================078.png============================ -->
+<p>&#348;i volis kredi, ke la hebreo parolas pri iu alia. Nun la
+virino havas &#265;ion, &#349;i pri nenio povas peti. Pri tio
+&#265;i ne pensu. Tion oni vere ne povas diri pri vi. Estis
+ankora&#365; multaj aferoj, pri kiuj ili volis scii. Li ne povis
+e&#265; son&#285;i pri &#349;i. &#348;i demandadis pri tio la
+maljunan avinon.</p>
+
+<p>Mi restas tie &#265;i la&#365; la ordono de mia estro. Li
+ekiris la&#365; tiu &#265;i rivero. Ili havis la permeson
+supreniri &#265;iufoje la&#365; sia volo. &#348;i povis la&#365;
+sia pla&#265;o fosi kaj planti. La konkoj sin fermas kaj
+malfermas la&#365; la fluo de la akvo. La&#365; sia
+ekstera&#309;o li &#349;ajnis konvena homo. La&#365; la komando
+"tri" vi ekpafos sur la arbon. La pli juna filino estis la plena
+portreto de sia patro la&#365; sia boneco kaj honesteco.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 39.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Kontra&#365;. Anstata&#365;. Krom.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Kontra&#365;</b> means <i>against, opposite</i>, or <i>in
+opposition to</i> as <i>Li kura&#285;e batalis kune kun ni
+kontra&#365; niaj malamikoj</i>, He courageously fought with us
+against our enemies. It is also used in the sense of
+<i>overlooking</i>, as <i>La fenestro kontra&#365; la strato</i>,
+The window overlooking the street; and of <i>facing</i>, as
+<i>Viza&#285;o kontra&#365; viza&#285;o</i>, Face to face.
+<i>Kontra&#365;diri</i>, to contradict.</p>
+
+<p><b>Anstata&#365;</b> means <i>instead of, in the place</i> of,
+as <i>Mi iris Londonon anstata&#365; Parizon</i>, I went to
+London instead of to Paris. <i>Mi iris hiera&#365; anstata&#365;
+morga&#365;</i>, I went yesterday instead of to-morrow.
+<i>Anstata&#365; piediri, li veturis</i>, Instead of going on
+foot, he drove. <i>Anstata&#365;i</i>, to take (or, be in) the
+place of; <i>anstata&#365;igi</i>, to put in the place of, to
+replace (by).</p>
+
+<p><b>Krom</b> means <i>not including, in addition to,
+besides</i>, as <i>En la &#265;ambro estis neniu krom li</i>, In
+the room there was nobody except him. <i>La knabo estas granda,
+kaj krom tio, li estas bona</i>. The boy is tall, and besides
+that, he is good.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================079.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>rimedo</i>, a means, remedy.<br>
+ <i>kutimo</i>, custom.<br>
+ <i>profesoro</i>, professor,<br>
+ <i>reflektoro</i>, reflector.<br>
+ <i>fian&#265;o</i>, betrothed.<br>
+ <i>flanko</i>, side.<br>
+ <i>teo</i>, tea.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>sukero</i>, sugar.<br>
+ <i>kremo</i>, cream.<br>
+ <i>prepozicio</i>, preposition.<br>
+ <i>vokalo</i>, vowel.<br>
+ <i>abomeno</i>, disgust.<br>
+ <i>ordinara</i>, ordinary.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Vi havas rimedojn kontra&#365; &#265;iuj malsanoj. Kion povas
+fari li sola kontra&#365; cent homoj? Kontra&#365; sia kutimo, la
+profesoro nenion diris. &#284;i flugis kontra&#365; la
+reflektoron. Kontra&#365; sia propra volo &#349;i tion &#265;i
+konfesis. Li eksentis ian abomenon kontra&#365; si. La
+kontra&#365;a flanko. Ili sidi&#285;is unu kontra&#365; la alia.
+&#348;i estis maljusta kontra&#365; li. Kontra&#365; la ordinaro,
+la nombro de la dancantoj estis granda.</p>
+
+<p>Anstata&#365; li, oni sendis lian fraton. Anstata&#365; eliri,
+li restis en la domo. Okulo anstata&#365; okulo, kaj dento
+anstata&#365; dento. Anstata&#365; kafo li donis al mi teon kun
+sukero sed sen kremo. Anstata&#365; "la" oni povas anka&#365;
+diri "l'" (sed nur post prepozicio, kiu fini&#285;as per
+vokalo).</p>
+
+<p>En la salono staris neniu krom li kaj lia fian&#265;ino. Krom
+la malplena teksilo nenio estis. Krom ni mem, ni havis tre
+malmulte por enporti. &#348;i volis havi, krom la ru&#285;aj
+floroj, nur unu belan statuon. &#264;iuj dormis, krom la
+direktilisto apud sia direktilo. Krom la membroj alveturas multe
+da gastoj.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 40.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Malgra&#365;. Spite. Po. Je.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>Malgra&#365;</b> means <i>in spite of</i>,
+<i>notwithstanding</i>, as <i>Li sukcesis malgra&#365;
+&#265;io</i>, He succeeded in spite of everything.</p>
+
+<p><b>Spite</b> is a stronger expression than "malgra&#365;"; it
+means in defiance of all opposition, despite, as <i>Li faris
+tion, spite la malpermeso</i>, He did that, in spite of being
+forbidden.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================080.png============================ -->
+<p><b>Po</b> means <i>at the rate of</i>, as <i>Mi a&#265;etis
+dekduon da ovoj po unu penco</i>, I bought a dozen eggs at (the
+rate of) a penny (each). <i>Poduone</i>, by halves. <i>Po
+grande</i>, wholesale; <i>po malgrande</i>, retail.</p>
+
+<p>As already said (see Lesson 26), <b>je</b> is the only
+preposition which has no meaning of its own. It is used when a
+preposition is needed, and none of the others properly expresses
+the idea, as <i>La kru&#265;o estas plena je</i> (or, de)
+<i>akvo</i>, The jug is full of water. <i>Mi enuas je la
+hejmo</i>, I am tired of home.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>mastruma&#309;o</i>, household
+affairs.<br>
+ <i>fungo</i>, mushroom.<br>
+ <i>senco</i>, sense, meaning.<br>
+ <i>regulo</i>, rule.<br>
+ <i>klareco</i>, clearness.<br>
+ <i>akuzativo</i>, accusative.<br>
+ <i>nobeleco</i>, nobility (of birth).</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>honoro</i>, honour.<br>
+ <i>libereco</i>, freedom, liberty.<br>
+ <i>kulpo</i>, fault.<br>
+ <i>simila</i>, similar, like.<br>
+ <i>komuna</i>, common to.<br>
+ <i>kri-</i>, cry.<br>
+ <i>sopir-</i>, sigh for, long for.<br>
+ <i>ekzemple</i>, for example.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Li multe laboris, sed malgra&#365; &#265;io, li ne sukcesis.
+Estis ankora&#365; sufi&#265;e varme, malgra&#365; ke la suno
+staris malalte. Ili estos severe punataj, se ili, malgra&#365; la
+malpermeso, pekos kontra&#365; la libereco de la vojo. Spite
+&#265;iuj miaj penoj por malhelpi lin, li foriris.</p>
+
+<p>Por miaj kvar infanoj mi a&#265;etis dek du pomojn, kaj al
+&#265;iu el la infanoj mi donis po tri pomoj. Ili povas kosti po
+tri &#285;is kvin &#349;ilingoj. Tiu &#265;i libro havas sesdek
+pa&#285;ojn; tial se mi legos en &#265;iu tago po dekkvin
+pa&#285;oj, mi finos la tutan libron en kvar tagoj. Mi
+a&#265;etis kvar librojn po ses pencoj.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================081.png============================ -->
+<p>Ni estis nur okupitaj je kelkaj mastruma&#309;oj. La konstruo
+estas simila je fungo. Ili forkuris, kiam la virino ekkriis je
+ili. Je la vespero la &#265;ielo kovri&#285;is je nuboj. El timo
+je Karagara mi forkuris. &#348;i estis tre fiera je sia nobeleco.
+La hundo sincere mal&#285;ojis je li. Neniu el ili estis tiel
+plena je deziroj, kiel la plej juna knabino. Je vorto de
+honoro.</p>
+
+<center><b>40a.</b></center>
+
+<p>Se ni bezonas uzi prepozicion, kaj la senco ne montras al ni,
+kian prepozicion uzi, tiam ni povas uzi la komunan prepozicion
+"je." Sed estas bone uzadi la vorton "je" kiel eble pli malofte.
+Anstata&#365; la vorto "je" ni povas anka&#365; uzi akuzativon
+sen prepozicio.&mdash;Mi ridas je lia naiveco (a&#365;, mi ridas
+pro lia naiveco; a&#365; mi ridas lian naivecon).&mdash;Je la
+lasta fojo mi vidas lin &#265;e vi (a&#365;, la lastan
+fojon).&mdash;Mi veturis du tagojn kaj unu nokton.&mdash;Mi
+sopiras je mia perdita feli&#265;o (a&#365;, mian perditan
+feli&#265;on).&mdash;El la dirita regulo sekvas, ke se ni pri ia
+verbo ne scias, &#265;u &#285;i postulas post si la akuzativon
+(t.e.=tio estas, &#265;u &#285;i estas aktiva) a&#365; ne, ni
+povas &#265;iam uzi la akuzativon. Ekzemple, ni povas diri "obei
+al la patro" kaj "obei la patron" (anstata&#365;, "obei je la
+patro"). Sed ni ne uzas la akuzativon tiam, kiam la klareco de la
+senco tion &#265;i malpermesas; ekzemple: ni povas diri "pardoni
+al la malamiko" kaj "pardoni la malamikon," sed ni devas diri
+&#265;iam "pardoni al la malamiko lian kulpon."</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 41.</b></center>
+
+<center><i>Suffixes</i> <b>-a&#309;-, -ec-.</b></center>
+
+<p><b>-a&#309;-</b> denotes a <i>thing</i> (i.) <i>made from</i>
+or <i>of</i> the substance named, or (ii.) having the
+<i>quality</i> or <i>character</i> named, or (iii.) <i>resulting
+from</i> the action expressed by the word to which it is added,
+as <i>Ovo</i>, an egg, <i>ova&#309;o</i>, something made of eggs,
+an omelette; <i>Mirinda</i>, wonderful, <i>mirinda&#309;o</i>, a
+wonderful thing, a wonder; <i>Trovi</i>, to find,
+<i>trova&#309;o</i> (or, <i>trovita&#309;o</i>), a thing
+found.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================082.png============================ -->
+<p><b>-ec-</b> denotes <i>quality</i>; it forms the name of a
+quality; as, <i>Bona</i>, good; <i>boneco</i>, goodness.
+<i>Ri&#265;a</i>, rich; <i>ri&#265;eco</i>, richness.
+<i>Akurata</i>, accurate, prompt; <i>akurateco</i>, accuracy.
+<i>Mola</i>, soft; <i>mola&#309;o</i>, a soft thing;
+<i>moleco</i>, softness. <i>Amiko</i>, a friend;
+<i>amika&#309;o</i>, a friendly act; <i>amikeco</i>,
+friendliness, friendship. <i>Eco</i>, quality.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kuko</i>, cake.<br>
+ <i>ligno</i>, wood (substance).<br>
+ <i>alkoholo</i>, alcohol.<br>
+ <i>araneo</i>, spider.<br>
+ <i>ceremonio</i>, ceremony.<br>
+ <i>heroo</i>, hero.<br>
+ <i>franda&#309;o</i>, a dainty.<br>
+ <i>acido</i>, acid.<br>
+ <i>vinagro</i>, vinegar.<br>
+ <i>sulfuro</i>, sulphur.<br>
+ <i>azotacido</i>, nitric acid.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>lago</i>, lake.<br>
+ <i>objekto</i>, object, thing.<br>
+ <i>tren-</i>, drag.<br>
+ <i>fotograf-</i>, photograph.<br>
+ <i>konfit-</i>, preserve with sugar.<br>
+ <i>pak-</i>, pack.<br>
+ <i>la ceteraj</i>, the rest, remainder.<br>
+ <i>mirinda</i>, wonderful.<br>
+ <i>peza</i>, heavy.<br>
+ <i>oportuna</i>, convenient.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>La fotografisto fotografis min, kaj mi sendis mian
+fotografa&#309;on al mia patro. Vi parolas sensenca&#309;on, mia
+amiko. Mi trinkis teon kun kuko kaj konfita&#309;o. Akvo estas
+fluida&#309;o. Mi ne volis trinki la vinon, &#265;ar &#285;i
+enhavis en si ian malklara&#309;on. Sur la tablo staris diversaj
+sukera&#309;oj. Mi man&#285;is bongustan ova&#309;on. Kiam mi ien
+veturas, mi neniam prenas kun mi multon da paka&#309;o.
+Glacia&#309;o estas dol&#265;a glaciigita franda&#309;o. La tuta
+supra&#309;o de la lago estis kovrita per na&#285;antaj folioj
+kaj diversaj aliaj kreska&#309;oj. La lignisto vendas lignon, kaj
+la ligna&#309;isto faras tablojn, se&#285;ojn kaj aliajn lignajn
+objektojn. Mi uzas nenian alkohola&#309;on. Lia maljuna patrino
+kondukis la mastra&#309;on de la domo. "Malbonan ekstera&#309;on
+li havis," respondis la hebreo. &#348;i pripensis la
+farita&#309;ojn de la tago pasinta. &#284;i estas tiel malpeza,
+kiel aranea&#309;o. La trena&#309;o de la vesto estis longa. Ili
+sin movas, kiel vivaj esta&#309;oj.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================083.png============================ -->
+<p>Li amas tiun &#265;i knabinon pro &#349;ia beleco kaj boneco.
+Lia heroeco tre pla&#265;is al mi. Mi vivas kun ili en granda
+amikeco. Ni estas ja en la proksimeco de la rivero. Tio &#265;i
+estas la plej grava eco. Kortega ceremonio postulas
+maloportunecon. La ri&#265;eco de tiu &#265;i homo estas granda,
+sed lia malsa&#285;eco estas ankora&#365; pli granda.</p>
+
+<p>En tiuj &#265;i boteletoj sin trovas (trovi&#285;as) diversaj
+acidoj, vinagro, sulfuracido, azotacido kaj aliaj. La acideco de
+tiu &#265;i vinagro estas tre malforta. Via vino estas nur ia
+abomena acida&#309;o. Tiu &#265;i granda alta&#309;o ne estas
+natura monto. La alteco de tiu monto ne, estas tre granda.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 42.</b></center>
+
+<center>Suffixes <b>-ej-, -uj-, -ing-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-ej-</b> denotes a <i>place specially used</i>
+for a certain purpose, as <i>Tombo</i>, a tomb; <i>tombejo</i>, a
+cemetery. <i>&#264;evalo</i>, a horse; <i>&#265;evalejo</i>, a
+stable. <i>Mallibera,</i> captive <i>malliberejo</i>, a
+prison.</p>
+
+<p><b>-uj-</b> denotes that which <i>contains</i> or
+<i>produces</i>, or <i>bears</i> (as countries, fruit-trees,
+receptacles, etc.), as <i>Anglo</i>, an Englishman:
+<i>Anglujo</i>, England. <i>Hispano</i>, a Spaniard;
+<i>Hispanujo</i> Spain (<i>lando</i> is also used, as
+<i>Skotlando</i>). <i>Pomo</i>, an apple; <i>pomujo</i>, an apple
+tree (<i>arbo</i> is also used, as <i>pomarbo</i>). <i>Abelo</i>,
+a bee; <i>abelujo</i>, a beehive. <i>Sukerujo</i>, a sugar-basin;
+<i>Ujo</i>, a receptacle.</p>
+
+<p><b>-ing-</b> signifies a <i>holder, case</i>, or <i>sheath</i>
+for one thing, as <i>Fingro</i>, a finger; <i>fingringo</i>, a
+thimble. <i>Piedo</i>, a foot; <i>piedingo</i>, a stirrup.
+<i>Glavo</i>, a sword; <i>glavingo</i>, a sword-sheath.
+<i>Ingo</i>, a sheath.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>skatolo</i>, box.<br>
+ <i>hufo</i>, hoof.<br>
+ <i>pantalono</i>, trousers.<br>
+ <i>cigaro</i>, cigar.<br>
+ <i>tubo</i>, tube.<br>
+ <i>mona&#293;o</i>, monk.<br>
+ <i>magazeno</i>, magazine, warehouse.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>objekto</i>, object, thing.<br>
+ <i>glavo</i>, sword,<br>
+ <i>konsil-</i>, counsel, advise.<br>
+ <i>&#349;vit-</i>, sweat, perspire.<br>
+ <i>sorb-</i>, absorb.<br>
+ <i>ban-</i>, bathe (oneself or another).</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================084.png============================ -->
+<p>La domo, en kiu oni lernas, estas lernejo, kaj la domo, en kiu
+oni pre&#285;as, estas pre&#285;ejo. La kuiristo sidas en la
+kuirejo. La kuracisto konsilas al mi iri en &#349;vitbanejon. La
+&#265;evalo metis unu hufon sur serpentejon. La virino promenadis
+tra belegaj arbaroj kaj herbejoj. Li venis en sian lo&#285;ejon.
+Li haltis apud la pordego de la mona&#293;ejo.</p>
+
+<p>La rusoj lo&#285;as en Rusujo, kaj la germanoj en Germanujo.
+Mia skribilaro konsistas el inkujo, sablujo, kelke da plumoj,
+krajono, kaj inksorbilo. En la po&#349;o de mia pantalono mi
+portas monujon, kaj en la po&#349;o de mia surtuto mi portas
+paperujon; pli grandan paperujon mi portas sub la brako. Metu sur
+la tablon la sukerujon, la teujon, kaj la tekru&#265;on.</p>
+
+<p>Magazeno, en kiu oni vendas cigarojn, a&#365; &#265;ambro, en
+kiu oni tenas cigarojn, estas cigarejo; skatoleto a&#365; alia
+objekto, en kiu oni tenas cigarojn, estas cigarujo; tubeto, en
+kiun oni metas cigaron, kiam oni &#285;in fumas, estas cigaringo.
+Skatoleto, en kiu oni tenas plumojn, estas plumujo, kaj
+bastoneto, sur kiu oni tenas plumon por skribadi, estas plumingo.
+En la kandelingo sidis brulanta kandelo.</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 43.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Ge-, bo-, -id-, pra-, -&#265;j-, -nj-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The prefix <b>ge-</b> signifies <i>both sexes taken
+together</i>, as <i>gepatroj</i>, parents. <i>Gefratoj</i>,
+brothers and sisters. <i>Gere&#285;oj</i>, king and queen (the
+word formed is, of course, always plural).</p>
+
+<p>The prefix <b>bo-</b> denotes <i>relationship by marriage</i>,
+as <i>bopatro</i>, father-in-law; <i>bofilo</i>, son-in-law.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================085.png============================ -->
+<p>The suffix <b>-id-</b> signifies the <i>offspring</i> or
+<i>descendant</i>, as <i>Re&#285;o</i> a king;
+<i>re&#285;ido</i>, a king's son, a prince. <i>Kato</i>, a cat;
+<i>katido</i>, a kitten. <i>&#348;afo</i>, a sheep;
+<i>&#349;afido</i>, a lamb.</p>
+
+<p>The prefix <b>pra-</b> means <i>of generations ago, great-,
+grand-</i>, as, <i>avo</i>, grandfather; <i>pra-avo</i>,
+great-grand-father. It is also used for descendants, as
+<i>pra-nepo</i>, great-grandson. <i>Praa</i>, primitive or
+primeval.</p>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-&#265;j-</b> is added to men's names and
+<b>-nj-</b> to women's names to form <i>pet names</i>, part of
+the name being left out, as <i>Petro</i>, Peter;
+<i>Pe&#265;jo</i>, Pete. <i>Klaro</i>, Clara; <i>Klanjo</i>,
+Clarrie. <i>Pa&#265;jo</i> (from <i>patro</i>), papa;
+<i>panjo</i>, mamma.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>altaro</i>, altar.<br>
+ <i>parenco</i>, relation.<br>
+ <i>doktoro</i>, doctor (law, etc.).<br>
+ <i>stato</i>, state, condition.<br>
+ <i>koko</i>, cock.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>gratul-</i>, congratulate.<br>
+ <i>deven-</i>, originate, descend from.<br>
+ <i>adres-</i>, address (a letter).<br>
+ <i>telegraf-</i>, telegraph.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Patro kaj patrino kune estas nomataj gepatroj. Petro, Anno,
+kaj Elizabeto estas miaj gefratoj. Gesinjoroj N. hodia&#365;
+vespere venos al ni. La gefian&#265;oj staris apud la altaro. Mi
+gratulis telegrafe la junajn geedzojn. La gere&#285;oj forveturis
+Kordovon. &#348;i edzini&#285;is kun sia kuzo, kvankam &#349;iaj
+gepatroj volis &#349;in edzinigi kun alia persono.</p>
+
+<p>La patro de mia edzino estas mia bopatro, mi estas lia bofilo,
+kaj mia patro estas la bopatro de mia edzino. &#264;iuj parencoj
+de mia edzino estas miaj boparencoj, sekve &#349;ia frato estas
+mia bofrato, &#349;ia fratino estas mia bofratino; mia frato kaj
+fratino (gefratoj) estas la bogefratoj de mia edzino. La edzino
+de mia nevo, kaj la nevino de mia edzino estas miaj bonevinoj.
+Virino, kiu kuracas, estas kuracistino; edzino de kuracisto estas
+kuracistedzino. La doktoredzino A. vizitis hodia&#365; la
+gedoktorojn P. Li ne estas lavisto, li estas lavistinedzo.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================086.png============================ -->
+<p>La filoj, nepoj kaj pranepoj de re&#285;o estas re&#285;idoj.
+La hebreoj estas Izraelidoj, &#265;ar ili devenas de Izraelo.
+&#264;evalido estas nematura &#265;evalo, kokido nematura koko,
+bovido nematura bovo, birdido nematura birdo. Tiu bela tero
+trovis sin en tre praa stato.</p>
+
+<p>Johanon, Nikolaon, Erneston, Vilhelmon, Marion, Klaron kaj
+Sofion iliaj gepatroj nomas Johan&#265;jo (a&#365; Jo&#265;jo),
+Nikol&#265;jo (a&#365; Niko&#265;jo, a&#365; Ni&#265;jo),
+Erne&#265;jo (a&#365; Er&#265;jo), Vilhel&#265;jo (a&#365;
+Vilhe&#265;jo, a&#365; Vil&#265;jo, a&#365; Vi&#265;jo), Manjo
+(a&#365; Marinjo), Klanjo kaj Sonjo (a&#365; Sofinjo).</p>
+
+<center><b>LESSON 44.</b></center>
+
+<center>Suffixes <b>-ebl-, -ind-, -em-.</b></center>
+
+<p>These three suffixes are used to form adjectives.</p>
+
+<p><b>-ebl-</b> means <i>possible to be</i> what the word to
+which it is added signifies, as <i>Vidi</i>, to see;
+<i>videbla</i>, able to be seen; <i>A&#365;di</i>, to hear;
+<i>a&#365;debla</i>, able to be heard, audible; <i>Movi</i>, to
+move; <i>movebla</i>, movable; <i>Ebla</i>, possible;
+<i>eble</i>, possibly.</p>
+
+<p><b>-ind-</b> means <i>worthy of</i> what the word denotes, as
+<i>Honoro</i>, honour; <i>honorinda</i>, honourable, worthy of
+honour; <i>Honti</i>, to be ashamed; <i>hontinda</i>, shameful;
+<i>Indo</i>, worth; <i>inda</i>, worthy of.</p>
+
+<p><b>-em-</b> means having an <i>inclination towards</i> or
+<i>propensity</i> for, or <i>being disposed towards</i> something
+as <i>Forgesi</i>, to forget; <i>forgesema</i>, forgetful;
+<i>Servi</i> to serve; <i>servema</i>, willing to serve,
+obliging. <i>Ema</i> fond of.</p>
+
+<p>The difference between the three suffixes is shown by the
+following words:&mdash;</p>
+
+<!-- =============================087.png============================ -->
+<p><i>Kredebla</i>, possible of belief; <i>kredinda</i>, worthy
+of belief; <i>kredema</i>, having a tendency to believe readily,
+credulous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Legebla</i>, able to be read; <i>leginda</i>, worthy of
+being read; <i>legema</i>, fond of reading, inclined to read.</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>&#349;talo</i>, steel.<br>
+ <i>spirito</i>, spirit,<br>
+ <i>bagatelo</i>, trifle.<br>
+ <i>fleks-</i>, bend.<br>
+ <i>la&#365;d-</i>, praise.<br>
+ <i>renvers-</i>, turn over.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>memor-</i>, remember.<br>
+ <i>ekscit-</i>, excite.<br>
+ <i>ven&#285;-</i>, revenge.<br>
+ <i>kredeble</i>, probably.<br>
+ <i>kompreneble</i>, of course.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>&#348;talo estas fleksebla, sed fero ne estas fleksebla. Ne
+&#265;iu kreska&#309;o estas man&#285;ebla. Vitro estas rompebla
+kaj travidebla. Via parolo estas tute nekomprenebla, kaj viaj
+leteroj estas &#265;iam skribitaj tute nelegeble. La mallumo
+estas netrapenetrebla. Li rakontis al mi historion tute
+nekredeblan. Eble mi povos helpi al vi. &#264;u vi amas vian
+patron? Kia demando! kompreneble, ke mi lin amas. Mi kredeble ne
+povos veni al vi hodia&#365;, &#265;ar mi pensas, ke mi mem havos
+hodia&#365; gastojn. La tablo staras malrekte kaj kredeble
+balda&#365; renversi&#285;os. Li faris sian eblon.</p>
+
+<p>Li estas homo ne kredinda. Via ago estas tre la&#365;dinda.
+Tiu &#265;i grava tago restos por mi &#265;iam memorinda. &#284;i
+estas vesto de granda indo. &#284;i ne estas inda je danko. La
+&#349;ipanaro montri&#285;as ne inda je sia estro.</p>
+
+<p>Lia edzino estas tre laborema kaj &#349;parema, sed &#349;i
+estas anka&#365; tre babilema kaj kriema. Li estas tre
+ekkolerema, kaj eksciti&#285;as ofte &#265;e la plej malgranda
+bagatelo, tamen li estas tre pardonema, li ne portas longe la
+koleron, kaj li tute ne estas ven&#285;ema. Li estas tre kredema,
+e&#265; la plej nekredeblajn aferojn, kiujn rakontas al li la
+plej nekredindaj homoj, li tuj kredas. Li estas tre purema, kaj
+e&#265; unu polveron vi ne trovos sur lia vesto. Li estas bonega
+knabo, sed tre ema kredi spiritojn.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================088.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LESSON 45.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>Dis-, -um-.</b></center>
+
+<p>The prefix <b>dis-</b> denotes separation or scattering, as
+<i>&#308;eti</i>, to throw; <i>dis&#309;eti</i>, to scatter.
+<i>&#348;iri</i>, to tear; <i>dis&#349;iri</i>, to tear into
+bits. <i>Doni</i>, to give; <i>disdoni</i>, to distribute.</p>
+
+<p>The suffix <b>-um-</b> has no definite meaning. It is used in
+only a few words, of which the most important are:&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table border="0">
+<tr>
+<td><i>aerumi</i></td>
+<td>(from</td>
+<td><i>aero</i>, air), to expose to the air.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>ventumi</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>vento</i>, wind), to fan.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kolumo</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>kolo</i>, neck), collar.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>manumo</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>mano</i>, hand), cuff.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>butonumi</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>butono</i>, button), to button.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>gustumi</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>gusto</i>, taste), to taste (something).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>komunumo</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>komuna</i>, common), a community.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>krucumi</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>kruco</i>, cross), crucify.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>malvarmumi</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>malvarma</i>, cold), take cold.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>mastrumi</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>mastro</i>, master), keep house.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>plenumi</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>plena</i>, full), fulfil.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>brulumo</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>bruli</i>, burn), inflammation.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kalkanumo</i></td>
+<td>(  "</td>
+<td><i>kalkano</i>, heel), heel of boot.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<caption><b>Vocabulary.</b></caption>
+
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>rezultato</i>, result.<br>
+ <i>angulo</i>, angle, corner.<br>
+ <i>tolo</i>, linen.<br>
+ <i>&#265;emizo</i>, shirt.<br>
+ <i>ating-</i>, attain, reach to.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>&#349;ir-</i>, tear.<br>
+ <i>kvankam</i>, although.<br>
+ <i>simila</i>, similar.<br>
+ <i>grava</i>, important.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================089.png============================ -->
+<p>Ni &#265;iuj kunvenis por priparoli tre gravan aferon; sed ni
+ne povis atingi ian rezultaton, kaj ni disiris. Malfeli&#265;o
+ofte kunigas la homojn, kaj feli&#265;o ofte disigas ilin. Mi
+dis&#349;iris la leteron, kaj dis&#309;etis &#285;iajn pecetojn
+en &#265;iujn angulojn de la &#265;ambro. Post tio &#265;i oni
+disiris hejmen. La vojo disiris en kelkaj direktoj.</p>
+
+<p>Mi volonte plenumis lian deziron. En malbona vetero oni povas
+facile malvarmumi. Li disbutonumis la superveston. &#348;i ludis
+kun sia ventumilo. &#264;emizojn, kolumojn, manumojn, kaj
+ceterajn similajn objektojn oni nomas tola&#309;o, kvankam ili ne
+&#265;iam estas faritaj el tolo.</p>
+
+<p>The suffixes <b>-on-, -obi-, -op-,</b> have already been
+explained in Lesson 9.</p>
+
+<center><b>-A&#265;-</b></center>
+
+<p>A new suffix <b>-a&#265;-</b> has gradually come into use
+during the past few years. Its meaning is well shown in the
+following examples:&mdash;<i>Domo</i>, house; <i>doma&#265;o</i>,
+hovel. <i>Virino</i>, woman; <i>virina&#265;o</i>, hag.
+<i>Ridi</i>, to laugh; <i>rida&#265;i</i>, to grin (maliciously).
+<i>&#264;evalo</i>, horse; <i>&#265;evala&#265;o</i>, a sorry
+nag, a screw. <i>Obstina</i>, persistent, stubborn;
+<i>obstina&#265;a</i>, pig-headed. <i>Popolo</i>, a people;
+<i>popola&#265;o</i>, populace. <i>Morti</i>, to die;
+<i>morta&#265;i</i>, to die the death. <i>Lingvo</i>, language;
+<i>lingva&#265;o</i>, a jargon.</p>
+
+<p>This suffix should only be used sparingly.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================090.png============================ -->
+<center><b>JOINING WORDS. CONJUNCTIONS.</b></center>
+
+<p>Certain words are used merely to join words or sentences.
+Those already learned are:&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kaj</i>, and.<br>
+ <i>sed</i>, but.<br>
+ <i>&#265;ar</i>, because, for.<br>
+ <i>anka&#365;</i>, also.<br>
+ <i>ol</i>, than.<br>
+ <i>se</i>, if.<br>
+ <i>a&#365;</i>, or.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>&#265;u</i>, whether.<br>
+ <i>ke</i>, that.<br>
+ <i>kvaza&#365;</i>, as if.<br>
+ <i>kvankam</i>, although.<br>
+ <i>almena&#365;</i>, at least.<br>
+ <i>tamen</i>, however.<br>
+ <i>do</i>, then, therefore.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>The following are also useful:&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kaj</i> ... <i>kaj</i>, both ...
+and.<br>
+ <i>a&#365;</i> ... <i>a&#365;</i>, either ... or.<br>
+ <i>&#265;u</i> ... <i>a&#365;</i>, whether ... or.<br>
+ <i>&#265;u</i> ... <i>&#265;u</i>, whether ... whether.</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>nek</i> ... <i>nek</i>, neither ...
+nor.<br>
+ <i>e&#265; se</i>, even if.<br>
+ <i>same kiel</i>, the same as.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<center><b>EXCLAMATIONS. INTERJECTIONS.</b></center>
+
+<p>The following are simply exclamations of joy grief, surprise,
+etc.:&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>ah!</i> aha! ah!<br>
+ <i>ha!</i> ah!<br>
+ <i>he!</i> halloo! hey!<br>
+ <i>hm!</i> hm! humph!<br>
+ <i>ho!</i> oh!<br>
+ <i>oho!</i> ho!<br>
+ <i>ho ve!</i> alas!<br>
+ <i>for!</i> away!<br>
+ <i>fi!</i> for shame!<br>
+ <i>nu!</i> well (now)!<br>
+ <i>nu do!</i> well (now) then!<br>
+ <i>ja!</i> indeed!<br>
+ <i>jen!</i> there! look! behold!<br>
+ <i>bis!</i> again! encore!</td>
+<td nowrap valign="top"><i>kia!</i> what!<br>
+ <i>bone!</i> good! all right!<br>
+ <i>brave!</i> bravo!<br>
+ <i>hura!</i> hurrah!<br>
+ <i>vere!</i> truly!<br>
+ <i>efektive!</i> really!<br>
+ <i>adia&#365;!</i> goodbye!<br>
+ <i>bonvenu!</i> welcome!<br>
+ <i>kompreneble!</i> of course!<br>
+ <i>vivu!</i> long live!<br>
+ <i>anta&#365;en!</i> forward!<br>
+ <i>&#265;u vere?</i> is it true?<br>
+ <i>&#265;u ne?</i> is it not?</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================091.png============================ -->
+<center><b>COMPOUND WORDS.</b></center>
+
+<p>It is often convenient to form compound words, as
+<i>po&#349;tkarto</i>, <i>forpeli</i>, <i>&#265;iuminute</i>,
+<i>stacidomo</i>, <i>senmove</i>, <i>telertuketo</i>. When this
+is done, the word expressing the principal idea is placed
+last.</p>
+
+<p>Generally it is sufficient to use the <i>root</i> of the
+qualifying word, but if the sound or sense requires it, the whole
+word is taken, as <i>unutaga</i> means "of one day";
+<i>unuataga</i>, "of the first day."</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS IN THE SENTENCE.</b></center>
+
+<p>In English the sense often depends entirely on the order of
+the words, <i>e.g.</i>, the sentence "John saw George" would mean
+something quite different if reversed&mdash;"George saw John."
+But in Esperanto, thanks to the accusative <b>n</b>, the endings
+<b>a</b> and <b>e</b> for participles, and the pronoun <b>si</b>,
+the order of words may be varied without altering the sense.
+"Georgon vidis Johano" means exactly the same as "Johano vidis
+Georgon."</p>
+
+<p>But though the meaning can in most cases be understood
+whatever the order of the words, it is best to adopt the simplest
+arrangement, and to follow the natural course of thought, which
+is, first, that about which we think, then that which we think
+about it. English students may frame their sentences exactly as
+they would in their own language. In Esperanto, as in English,
+the arrangement is sometimes altered, either for emphasis, as
+<i>La&#365;data estu Dio!</i> Praised be God!; or to please the
+ear, as <i>Oni min admiras</i>, instead of <i>Oni admiras
+min</i>, People admire me.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================092.png============================ -->
+<p><i>Note</i>.&mdash;Care must be taken in placing the word
+"ne." Its usual place is before the verb, when it negatives the
+whole sentence. Study the effect of placing <i>ne</i> in
+different positions in the sentence <i>Mi deziras vidi Johanon
+kaj lian fraton</i>, I wish to see John and his
+brother:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>(i.). <i>Mi ne deziras vidi Johanon kaj lian fraton</i>, I do
+not wish to see John and his brother.</p>
+
+<p>(ii.). <i>Mi deziras ne vidi Johanon kaj lian fraton</i>, I
+wish not to see John and his brother, <i>i.e.</i>, I wish to
+avoid seeing them.</p>
+
+<p>(iii.). <i>Mi deziras vidi ne Johanon, sed lian fraton</i>, I
+wish to see not John, but his brother.</p>
+
+<p>(iv.). <i>Mi deziras vidi Johanon kaj ne lian fraton</i>, I
+wish to see John and not his brother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ne tute</i> means "not quite," while <i>tute ne</i> means
+"not at all."</p>
+
+<p><i>Jam ne</i> means "no longer." "Not yet" is <i>ankora&#365;
+ne</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Words which are already international, such as <i>microscope,
+telephone, automobile</i>, etc., are adopted unchanged, except as
+to the spelling and termination, as <i>mikroskopo, telefono,
+a&#365;tomobilo.</i></p>
+
+<center><b>WORDS USED WITH THE OBJECT.</b></center>
+
+<p>As already said, when an adjective or participle (or a noun)
+is added to the object simply as a describing word, it takes
+<i>n</i> like the object, as <i>Li perdis sian novan libron</i>
+(<i>a&#365;</i>, sian libron novan), He lost his new book.
+<i>&#348;i trankviligis la kriegantan infanon</i> (a&#365;, <i>la
+infanon kriegantan</i>), She pacified the screaming child. <i>Li
+vizitis sian fraton Johanon</i>, He visited his brother John.
+("John" shows <i>which</i> brother).</p>
+
+<!-- =============================093.png============================ -->
+<p>But if the adjective, participle, or noun is used not merely
+to describe, but indirectly to tell something about the object,
+it does not take <i>n</i>. A comparison of the following
+sentences will make this clear:&mdash;</p>
+
+<center>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2" valign="top">1. </td>
+<td><i>Li trovis la pomojn maturajn</i>. He found the ripe
+apples.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Li trovis la pomojn maturaj</i>. He found (that) the
+apples (were) ripe.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2" valign="top">2. </td>
+<td><i>Li trovis la kru&#265;on rompitan</i>. He found the broken
+jug.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Li trovis la kru&#265;on rompita</i>. He found (that) the
+jug (was) broken.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2" valign="top">3. </td>
+<td><i>Li kolorigis la drapon ru&#285;an</i>. He dyed the red
+cloth.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Li kolorigis la drapon ru&#285;a</i>. He dyed the cloth
+red.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td rowspan="2" valign="top">4. </td>
+<td><i>Li tran&#265;is (a&#365; faris) la veston tro
+mallongan</i>. He cut (or made) the too-short coat (the coat that
+was too short).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Li tran&#265;is la veston tro mallonga</i>. He cut the
+coat (so that it was) too short.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td valign="top">5. </td>
+<td><i>Li nomis la knabon mensogisto</i>. He called the boy a
+liar.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p>Compare this use of words with the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>He made his father angry (or, be angered). <i>Li kolerigis
+sian patron</i>, or, <i>li igis sian patron kolera</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The loss drove him mad. <i>La perdo frenezigis lin</i>, or,
+<i>igis lin freneza</i>.</p>
+
+<p>It rendered the gun useless. <i>&#284;i senutiligis la
+pafilon</i>, or, <i>igis la pafilon senutila</i>.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================094.png============================ -->
+<center><b>COMPLETE GRAMMAR OF ESPERANTO.</b><br>
+ <span style="font-variant: small-caps">By Dr.
+Zamenhof.</span></center>
+
+<center>A.&mdash;<i>Alphabet</i>.</center>
+
+<p>Aa, Bb, Cc, &#264;&#265;, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, &#284;&#285;, Hh,
+&#292;&#293;, Ii, Jj, &#308;&#309;, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr,
+Ss, &#348;&#349;, Tt, Uu, &#364;&#365;, Vv, Zz [Footnote: Names
+of the letters: a, bo, co, &#265;o, do, e, fo, go, &#285;o, ho,
+&#293;o, i, jo, &#309;o, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, &#349;o,
+to, u, &#365;o, vo, zo.]</p>
+
+<p><i>Remark</i>.&mdash;Presses which do not possess the accented
+letters can use instead of them ch, gh, hh, jh, sh, u.</p>
+
+<center>B.&mdash;<i>Rules</i>.</center>
+
+<p>(1) There is no indefinite <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Article</span>; there is only a
+definite article (<i>la</i>), alike for all sexes, cases, and
+numbers.</p>
+
+<p><i>Remark</i>.&mdash;The use of the article is the same as in
+the other languages. People who find a difficulty in the use of
+the article need not at first use it at all.</p>
+
+<p>(2) <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Substantives</span>
+have the termination <i>o</i>. To form the plural the termination
+<i>j</i> is added. There are only two cases: nominative and
+accusative; the latter is obtained from the nominative by the
+addition of the termination <i>n</i>. Other cases are expressed
+by the aid of prepositions (the genitive by <i>de</i>, the dative
+by <i>al</i>, the ablative by <i>per</i>, or other prepositions
+according to sense).</p>
+
+<p>(3) The <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Adjective</span> ends in <i>a</i>.
+Case and number as with the substantive. The Comparative is made
+by means of the word <i>pli</i>, the Superlative by <i>plej</i>;
+with the Comparative the conjunction <i>ol</i> is used.</p>
+
+<p>(4) The fundamental <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Numerals</span> (they are not
+declined) are: <i>unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok,
+na&#365;, dek, cent, mil.</i> The tens and hundreds are formed by
+simple junction of the numerals. To mark the ordinal numerals the
+termination of the adjective is added; for the multiple&mdash;the
+suffix <i>obl</i>, for the fractional&mdash;<i>on</i>, for the
+collective&mdash;<i>op</i>, for the distributive&mdash;the word
+<i>po</i>. Substantival and adverbial numerals can also be
+used.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================095.png============================ -->
+<p>(5) Personal <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Pronouns</span>: <i>mi, vi, li,
+&#349;i, &#285;i</i> (referring to thing or animal), <i>si, ni,
+vi, ili, oni</i>; the possessive pronouns are formed by the
+addition of the adjectival termination. Declension is as with the
+substantives.</p>
+
+<p>(6) The <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Verb</span>
+undergoes no change with regard to person or number. Forms of the
+verb; time <i>being</i> (Present) takes the termination
+<i>-as;</i> time <i>been</i> (Past) <i>-is</i>; time <i>about to
+be</i> (Future) <i>-os</i>; the Conditional mood <i>-us;</i> the
+Ordering mood <i>-u;</i> the Indefinite <i>-i.</i> Participles
+(with an adjectival or adverbial sense): active present
+<i>-ant;</i> active past <i>-int;</i> active future <i>-ont;</i>
+passive present <i>-at;</i> passive past <i>-it;</i> passive
+future <i>-ot.</i> All forms of the passive are formed by the aid
+of a corresponding form of the verb <i>esti</i> and a passive
+participle of the required verb; the preposition with the passive
+is <i>de.</i></p>
+
+<p>(7) <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Adverbs</span> end
+in <i>e;</i> degrees of comparison as with the adjectives.</p>
+
+<p>(8) <i>All</i> the <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Prepositions</span> require the
+nominative.</p>
+
+<p>(9) <i>Every</i> word is read as it is written.</p>
+
+<p>(10) The <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Accent</span>
+is <i>always</i> on the penultimate syllable.</p>
+
+<p>(11) <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Compound
+Words</span> are formed by simple junction of the words (the
+chief word stands at the end); the grammatical terminations are
+also regarded as independent words.</p>
+
+<p>(12) When another <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Negative</span> word is present the
+word <i>ne</i> is left out.</p>
+
+<p>(13) In order to show <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Direction</span> words take the
+termination of the accusative.</p>
+
+<p>(14) Each <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Preposition</span> has a definite and
+constant meaning; but if we have to use some preposition and the
+direct sense does not indicate to us what special preposition we
+are to take, then we use the preposition <i>je</i> which has no
+meaning of its own. Instead of the preposition <i>je</i> we can
+also use the accusative without a preposition.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================096.png============================ -->
+<p>(15) The so-called <span style=
+"font-variant: small-caps">Foreign Words</span>, that is, those
+which the majority of languages have taken from one source, are
+used in the Esperanto language without change, merely obtaining
+the spelling of the latter; but with different words from one
+root it is better to use unchanged only the fundamental word and
+to form the rest from this latter in accordance with the rules of
+the Esperanto language.</p>
+
+<p>(16) The <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Final
+Vowel</span> of the substantive and of the article can be dropped
+and replaced by an apostrophe.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>COMMON USEFUL EXPRESSIONS.</b></center>
+
+<!-- =============================097.png============================ -->
+<center>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><i>tio estas, i.e.</i>, that is.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kaj cetere, k.c.</i>, etcetera.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kaj tiel plu, k.t.p.</i>, and so on.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kiel ekzemple, k.ekz.</i>, as for example.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kiel elbe plej (balda&#365;)</i>, as (soon) as
+possible.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kio ajn okazos</i>, whatever happens (shall happen).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kondi&#265;e, ke</i>, on the condition that.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>kun la kondi&#265;o, ke</i>, on the condition that.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<center>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><i>Bonan tagon, sinjoro.</i></td>
+<td>Good day, sir.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kiel vi fartas?</i></td>
+<td>How do you do?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Tre bone, mi dankas.</i></td>
+<td>Very well, I thank you.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Mi dankas vin.</i></td>
+<td>I thank you.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Dankon.</i></td>
+<td>Thanks.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Multe da dankoj.</i></td>
+<td>Many thanks.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Vi estas tre &#285;entila (afabla).</i></td>
+<td>You are very kind.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Vi estas tre kompleza.</i></td>
+<td>You are very obliging.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Mi malsatas.</i></td>
+<td>I am hungry.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Mi soifas.</i></td>
+<td>I am thirsty.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Al mi estas varme (malvarme).</i></td>
+<td>I am warm (cold).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kiu estas tie? Estas mi.</i></td>
+<td>Who is there? It is I.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Sidi&#285;u, mi petas.</i></td>
+<td>Be seated, I beg (you).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kun plezuro.</i></td>
+<td>With pleasure.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kion vi bezonas?</i></td>
+<td>What do you want?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Cu vi min komprenas?</i></td>
+<td>Do you understand me?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Vi estas prava (malprava).</i></td>
+<td>You are right (wrong).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Tio estas vera.</i></td>
+<td>That is true.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Estas vera, ke...</i></td>
+<td>It is true that...</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Je kioma horo vi foriros?</i></td>
+<td>At what time are you going?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kioma horo estas?</i></td>
+<td>What time is it?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kiom kostas tio &#265;i?</i></td>
+<td>How much does this cost?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>&#284;i kostas tri &#349;ilingojn.</i></td>
+<td>It costs three shillings.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kie vi estas?</i></td>
+<td>Where are you?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kien vi iras?</i></td>
+<td>Where are you going?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kian a&#285;on li havas?</i></td>
+<td>How old is he?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Anta&#365; unu semajno.</i></td>
+<td>A week ago.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Post du tagoj.</i></td>
+<td>In two days.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Li venos &#309;a&#365;don.</i></td>
+<td>He will come on Thursday.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Pasigu al mi la panon, mi petas vin.</i></td>
+<td>Pass me the bread, I beg you (please).</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Estas li mem!</i></td>
+<td>It is himself!</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Tiom pli bone</i></td>
+<td>So much the better!</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Oni diras, ke...</i></td>
+<td>They say, that...</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Neniu tion diras.</i></td>
+<td>Nobody says that.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kio okazis?</i></td>
+<td>What has happened?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>&#264;u vi konas Sinjoron A.?</i></td>
+<td>Do you know Mr. A.?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Mi scias, kiu li estas, sed mi ne konas lin.</i></td>
+<td>I know who he is, but I do not know him.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>&#264;u estas leteroj por mi?</i></td>
+<td>Are there letters for me?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Rapidu.</i></td>
+<td>Be quick.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Ne diru tion.</i></td>
+<td>Do not say that.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Ne faru tion.</i></td>
+<td>Do not do that.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Kia estas la vetero? Kian veteron ni havas?</i></td>
+<td>What kind of weather is it?</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Pluvas; ne&#285;as.</i></td>
+<td>It rains; it snows.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Pluvis la tutan nokton.</i></td>
+<td>It rained all night long.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>Estas beld, varmege.</i></td>
+<td>It is fine, hot.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td><i>&#264;u mi tion faru?</i></td>
+<td>Shall I do that?</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================098.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LETTERS.</b></center>
+
+<center>(<i>a</i>). <b>Beginnings.</b></center>
+
+<center>
+<table border="0" cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td valign="middle"><i>Kara</i>, dear.<br>
+ <i>Mia kara</i>, my dear.<br>
+ <i>Estimata</i>, esteemed.<br>
+ <i>Estiminda</i>, estimable.<br>
+ <i>Respektinda</i>,respect-worthy.<br>
+ <i>Honorinda</i> honourable.</td>
+<td valign="middle"><i>Patro, amiko, etc.</i>, father, friend,
+etc.<br>
+ <i>Samideano</i>, fellow-thinker.<br>
+ <i>Kunlaboranto</i>, fellow-worker.<br>
+ <i>Sinjoro</i>, Sir.<br>
+ <i>Sinjoroj</i>, Gentlemen, Sirs.<br>
+ <i>Sinjorino</i>, Madame, Mrs.<br>
+ <i>Fra&#365;lino</i>, Miss.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<center>(<i>b</i>). <b>Endings.</b></center>
+
+<center>
+<table border="0" cellspacing="8">
+<tr>
+<td valign="top"><i>Kun (koraj, amikaj) salutoj</i>, with
+(hearty, friendly) greetings.<br>
+ <i>Kun (alta, granda) estimo</i>, with (high, great) esteem.<br>
+ <i>Kun (miaj, &#265;iuj) bondeziroj</i>, with (my, all) good
+wishes.<br>
+ <i>Kun (multe da) amo</i>, with (much) love.</td>
+<td valign="top"><i>Via, La via</i>, yours.<br>
+ <i>Via, (tre) vin amanta</i>, your (very) loving.<br>
+ <i>Via, tre sincere, fidele, etc.</i>, yours very sincerely,
+faithfully, etc.<br>
+ <i>&#264;iam via</i>, yours always.<br>
+ <i>Tre sincere via</i>, very sincerely yours.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<!-- =============================099.png============================ -->
+<center><b>KEY TO EXERCISES.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>1.</b></center>
+
+<p>A father and a brother. A lion is an animal. A rose is a
+flower and a pigeon is a bird. The rose belongs to Theodore. The
+sun shines. The father is a tailor. Where are the book and the
+pencil? Here is an apple. On the ground lies a stone. On the
+window lie a pencil and a pen. The son stands by the father. Here
+lies the hat of the father (the father's hat). The father is in
+the room. Before the house is (stands) a tree.</p>
+
+<p>What is a lion? What is a rose? What shines? What is the
+father? Where is the father? What is on the window? Where is the
+pen?</p>
+
+<p>Is a lion an animal? Yes, a lion is an animal. Is a rose a
+bird? No, a rose is not a bird, a rose is a flower.</p>
+
+<center><b>2.</b></center>
+
+<p>The father is well. A child is not a mature man. The sky is
+blue. A lion is strong. The father is good. The hand of John
+(John's hand) is clean. (Some, <i>or</i>, a) paper is white.
+White paper lies on the table. Here is the young lady's exercise
+book. In the sky stands (is) the beautiful sun. The paper is very
+white, but the snow is more white (whiter). Milk is more
+nutritious than wine. The bread is fresh. The uncle is richer
+than the brother. Here lies (is) a red rose. The dog is very
+faithful. The book is new.</p>
+
+<center><b>3.</b></center>
+
+<p>(The) birds fly. The song of (the) birds is pleasant. Where
+are the boys? The fathers are well. Children are not mature men.
+Lions are strong. John's hands are clean. Here are the young
+ladies' exercise books. The uncles are richer than the brothers.
+The dogs are very faithful. White papers lie on the table. In the
+room are new hats. Where are the sharp knives? Good children are
+diligent. Here lie (are) pure white delicate lilies. The teeth of
+lions (lions' teeth) are sharp.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================100.png============================ -->
+<center><b>4.</b></center>
+
+<p>I read. You write. He is a boy, and she is a girl. We are men.
+You are children. They are Russians. Where are the boys? They are
+in the garden. Where are the girls? They also are in the garden.
+Where are the knives ? They are (lie) on the table. The child
+cries, because it wants to eat. Sir, you are impolite. Gentlemen,
+you are impolite. Tkey say that (the) truth always conquers. The
+house belongs to him. I come from (the) grandfather, and I go now
+to (the) uncle. I am as strong as you. Now I read, you read, and
+he reads, we all read. You write and the children write, they
+(you) all sit silent and write.</p>
+
+<p>My dog, you are very faithful. He is my uncle, for my father
+is his brother. Of all my children, Ernest is the youngest. His
+father and his brothers are in the garden. Her uncle is in the
+house. Where are your books ? Our books are (lie) on the table;
+their pencils and their paper also are (lie) on the table.</p>
+
+<p>Who is in the room ? Who are in the room ? The gentle- man who
+is reading is my friend. The gentleman to whom you are writing is
+a tailor. What is lying on the table ?</p>
+
+<center><b>5.</b></center>
+
+<p>I see a lion (lions). I read (am reading) a book (books). I
+love (the) father. I know John. (The) father is not reading a
+book, but he is writing a letter. I do not like obstinate people.
+I wish you good-day, sir. Good morning! A joyous festival (a
+pleasant holiday) (I wish you). What a joyful festival (it is
+to-day) ! In the day we see the bright sun, and at night we see
+the pale moon and the beautiful stars. We have newer bread than
+you. No, you are wrong, sir, your bread is less new (staler) than
+mine. We call the boy, and he comes. In (the) winter they heat
+the stoves. When one is rich one has many friends. He loves me,
+but I do not love him. Mr. P. and his wife love my children very
+much; I also love theirs very much. I do not know the gentleman
+who is reading.</p>
+
+<center><b>6.</b></center>
+
+<p>Why do you not answer me? Are you deaf or dumb? What are you
+doing?</p>
+
+<p>The boy drove away the birds. From (the) father I received a
+book, and from (the) brother I received a pen. (The) father gave
+me a sweet apple. Here is the apple which I found. Yesterday I
+met your son, and he politely greeted me. Three days ago (before
+three days) I visited your cousin, and my visit gave (made) to
+him pleasure. When I came to him he was sleeping, but I woke
+him.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================101.png============================ -->
+<p>I will relate to you a story. Will you tell me the truth? To
+day is Saturday, and to-morrow will be Sunday. Yesterday was
+Friday, and the day after to-morrow will be Monday. [Footnote:
+Notice that in these two sentences <i>ankora&#365;</i> and
+<i>iam</i> express different meanings of the English word "yet."]
+Have you yet found your watch? I have not yet looked for it; when
+I have finished (shall finish) my work I will look for my watch,
+but I fear that I shall not find it again. If you (shall) conquer
+us, the people will say that only women you conquered. When you
+(shall) attain the age of fifteen years you will receive the
+permission.</p>
+
+<center><b>7.</b></center>
+
+<p>I love myself, you love yourself, he loves himself, and every
+man loves himself. I take care of her (so) as I take care of
+myself, but she takes no care at all of herself, and does not
+look after herself at all. My brothers had guests to-day; after
+supper our brothers went with the guests out of their (our
+brothers') house and accompanied them as far as their (the
+guests') house. I washed myself in my room, and she washed
+herself in her room. The child was looking for its doll; I showed
+the child where its doll lay. She related to him her adventure.
+She returned to her father's palace. Her flowers she tended not.
+My brother said to Stephen, that he loved him more than
+himself.</p>
+
+<center><b>8.</b></center>
+
+<p>Two men can do more than one. I have only one mouth, but I
+have two ears. He walks out with three dogs. He did everything
+with the ten fingers of his hands. Of her many children some are
+good and others bad. Five and seven make twelve. Ten and ten make
+twenty. Four and eighteen make twenty-two. Thirty and forty-five
+make seventy-five. One thousand eight hundred and ninety-three.
+He has eleven children. Sixty minutes make one hour, and one
+minute consists of sixty seconds.</p>
+
+<center><b>8a.</b></center>
+
+<p>January is the first month of the year, April is the fourth,
+November is the eleventh, and December is the twelfth. The
+twentieth day of February is the fifty-first day of the year. The
+seventh day of the week God chose to be (that it should be) more
+holy than the six first days. What did God create on the sixth
+day? What (which) date is it (have we) to-day? To-day is the
+twenty-seventh (day) of March. Christmas Day is the 25th of
+December, New Year's Day is the 1st of January, One does not
+easily forget one's first love.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================102.png============================ -->
+<center><b>9.</b></center>
+
+<p>I have a hundred apples. I have a hundred (of) apples. This
+town has a million of inhabitants. I bought a dozen (of) spoons,
+and two dozen (of) forks. One thousand years (or, a thousand of
+years) make a millennium.</p>
+
+<p>Firstly, I return to you the money which you lent to me;
+secondly, I thank you for the loan; thirdly, I beg you also
+afterwards (on a future occasion) to lend to me when I (shall)
+require money.</p>
+
+<center><b>9a.</b></center>
+
+<p>Three is half of six, eight is four-fifths of ten. Four metres
+of this stuff cost nine francs, therefore two metres cost four
+and a-half francs. One day is a three hundred and sixty-fifth or
+a three hundred and sixty-sixth of a year.</p>
+
+<p>Five times seven are thirty-five. For each day I receive five
+francs, but for to-day I have received double pay, that is, ten
+francs.</p>
+
+<p>These two friends walk out always (two) together. Five
+together they threw themselves upon me, but I overcame all five
+assailants.</p>
+
+<center><b>10.</b></center>
+
+<p>Give (to) the birds water, for they want to drink. Alexander
+will not learn, and therefore I beat Alexander. Who has courage
+(dares) to ride on a lion? I was going to beat him, but he ran
+away from me.</p>
+
+<p>Do not give your hand to a lion. Relate (tell) to my young
+friend a beautiful story. Tell father that I am diligent. Tell me
+your name. Do not write to me such long letters. Show me your new
+coat. Child, do not touch the looking-glass. Dear children,
+always be honest. Do not listen to him.</p>
+
+<p>He says that I am attentive. He begs me to be attentive. Tell
+him not to chatter. Ask him to send me a candle. The cottage is
+worth your buying (worthy that you should buy it). She strongly
+desired that he (should) remain alive.</p>
+
+<p>Let him come, and I will forgive him. Let us be gay, let us
+use life well, for life is not long. Let him not come alone, but
+come with his best friend. I already have my hat; now look for
+yours.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================103.png============================ -->
+<center><b>11.</b></center>
+
+<p>If the pupil knew his lesson well, the teacher would not
+punish him. If you knew who he is, you would esteem him more.
+They raised one hand upwards as if they were holding something.
+If I really were beautiful, others would try to imitate me. Oh!
+if I were (had) already the age of fifteen years!</p>
+
+<center><b>12.</b></center>
+
+<p>To remain with a lion is dangerous. The knife cuts well, for
+it is sharp. Go more quickly. He shut the door angrily. His
+speech flows softly and pleasantly. We made the contract not in
+writing, but by word of mouth. An honest man acts honestly. The
+pastor who died a short time ago lived long in our city. Did you
+not get it back? He is sick unto death. The iron rod which was in
+the stove (fire) is burning; hot. Paris is very gay. Early in the
+morning she drove to the station.</p>
+
+<p>Forgive me that I stayed so long. His anger lasted long. He is
+to-day in an angry temper. The king soon sent again another
+good-hearted official. This evening we shall have a ball. Where
+are you? Away from here! (Get away!).</p>
+
+<p>Where did he drive away to? She ran home. We went forward like
+furies. Everything was right (good), and we went on further. The
+lady glanced back. The sailors demanded to go back (required that
+one should go back). I hung it here, for it saved my life. I
+never sent here.</p>
+
+<center><b>13.</b></center>
+
+<p>My brother is not big, but he is not little, he is of medium
+growth. A hair is very thin. The night is so dark that we can see
+nothing even before our nose. This stale bread is hard as stone.
+Naughty children love to torment animals. He felt (himself) so
+miserable that he cursed the day on which he was born. We greatly
+despise this base man. The window was long unclosed; I closed it,
+but my brother immediately opened it again. A straight road is
+shorter than a curved. Do not be ungrateful.</p>
+
+<p>The wife of my father is my mother, and the grandmother of my
+children. My sister is a very beautiful girl. My aunt is a very
+good woman. I saw your grandmother with her four granddaughters,
+and with my niece. I have an ox and a cow. The young widow became
+again a fianc&eacute;e.</p>
+
+<center><b>14.</b></center>
+
+<p>He gave me money, but I immediately returned it to him. I am
+going away, but wait for me, for I shall soon return. The sun is
+reflected in the clear water of the river. He returned to his
+country. She threw herself again upon the seat.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================104.png============================ -->
+<p>In the course of a few minutes I heard two shots. The firing
+continued for a very long time. His speech of yesterday was very
+fine, but too much speaking tires him. He is singing a very
+beautiful song. Singing is an agreeable occupation. With my hand
+I kept on briskly rubbing him. The rain kept on falling in
+rivers. Every minute she kept looking out through the window and
+cursing the slow motion of the train.</p>
+
+<p>I leap very cleverly. I started with surprise. I used to jump
+all day long from place to place. When you began to speak I
+expected to hear something new. The diamond has a beautiful
+sparkle. She let the diamond flash. Two flashes of lightning
+passed across the dark sky.</p>
+
+<center><b>15.</b></center>
+
+<p>I am (being) loved. I was (being) loved. I shall be (being)
+loved. I should be (being) loved, Be (being) loved. To be (being)
+loved. You have been washed. You had been washed. You will have
+been washed. You would have been washed. Be (having been) washed.
+To have been washed. He is to be invited. He was (going) to be
+invited. He will be (about to be) invited. He would be (about to
+be) invited. Be about to be invited. To be about to be invited.
+This commodity is always willingly bought by me. The overcoat was
+(has been) bought by me; consequently it belongs to me. When your
+house was being built, my house had already been built a long
+time. I give notice that from now my son's debts will not be paid
+by me. Be easy; my whole debt will soon have been paid to you. My
+gold ring would not be so long (being) sought for if it had not
+been so cleverly hidden by you. According to the plan of the
+engineers this railway is going to be constructed in the space of
+two years; but I think that it will be being constructed (in
+construction) more than three years. When the prayer was (had
+been) finished he rose.</p>
+
+<p>Augustus is my best loved son. Money in hand is more important
+than (money) had. A sparrow (which has been) caught is better
+than an eagle (which is) going to be caught.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================105.png============================ -->
+<center><b>16.</b></center>
+
+<p>Flowing water is purer than water standing still. The fallen
+man cannot raise himself. (The) time past will never more return;
+(the) time to come no one yet knows. Come, we await you, Saviour
+of the world. In the language Esperanto we see the future
+language of the whole world. The number of the dancers was great.
+It is the legend which true believers always repeat. He led the
+traveller to the place where the thieves were resting. (To) a man
+who has sinned unintentionally God easily pardons. The soldiers
+led the prisoners (arrested) through the streets. A man whom one
+has to judge is one to be judged (prisoner at the bar).</p>
+
+<center><b>16a.</b></center>
+
+<p>Now he teils me the truth. Yesterday he told me the truth. He
+always told me the truth. When you saw us in the drawing-room he
+had already (previously) told me the truth. He will tell me the
+truth. When you (shall) come to me, he will previously tell me
+the truth (or, he will have told me the truth; or, before you
+(will) come to me, he will tell me the truth). If I were to ask
+him, he would tell me the truth. I should not have made the
+mistake if he had previously told me the truth. When I (shall)
+come, tell me the truth. When my father (shall) come, tell me
+beforehand the truth. I wish to tell you the truth. I wish that
+that which I said should be true (or, I wish to have told the
+truth).</p>
+
+<center><b>17.</b></center>
+
+<p>Walking in the street, I fell. Having found an apple, I ate
+it. He came to me quite unexpected. He went meditating (deeply)
+and very slowly. We were ashamed, having received instruction
+from the boy. The imperial servant went out, taking with him the
+bracelet. Profoundly saluting, he related that the thief had been
+caught. Without saying a word, the duchess opened her jewel-case.
+Having worked a year, and having saved a few dollars, I married
+(with) my Mary. Having crossed the river, he found the thief.
+Looking (having looked) by chance on the floor, she saw some
+book, forgotten probably by a departed traveller.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================106.png============================ -->
+<center><b>18.</b></center>
+
+<p>The bootmaker makes boots and shoes. Nobody lets thieves into
+his house. The brave sailor was drowned in the sea. An author
+writes books, and a writer simply copies papers. We have various
+servants - a cook, a housemaid, a nurse, and a coachman. (He) who
+occupies himself with mechanics is a mechanic, and (he) who
+occupies himself with chemistry is a chemist. A diplomatist we
+can also call a diplomat, but a physicist we cannot call a
+"physic," for "physics" is the name of the science itself. One
+day there came two cheats, who said that they were (are)
+weavers.</p>
+
+<center><b>19.</b></center>
+
+<p>They so hindered me that I spoiled the whole of my work. Send
+away your brother, for he hinders us. Fetch the doctor, for I am
+ill. He procured for himself many books from Berlin.</p>
+
+<p>He grew pale with fear, and afterwards he blushed from shame.
+In the spring the ice and the snow melt. In the muddy weather my
+coat became very dirty; therefore I took a brush and cleaned the
+coat. My uncle did not die (by) a natural death, but nevertheless
+he did not kill himself, and also was killed by nobody; one day,
+walking near the railway lines, he fell under the wheels of a
+moving train, and was killed. I did not hang my cap on this
+little tree; but the wind blew away the cap from my head, and it,
+flying, became hung (got caught) on the branches of the little
+tree. Seat yourself (or, sit down), sir.</p>
+
+<p>His gloomy face made his friend laugh. The whole night they
+passed awake, and lighted more than sixteen candles. I divested
+the child of his night clothes, and stood him in the tub;
+afterwards I dried him. He made friends with evil companions. A
+poor Hebrew wished to become a Christian. The bottle fell and
+broke. She became his wife. Little by little she became quite
+calm.</p>
+
+<center><b>20.</b></center>
+
+<p>The sea is deeper there than any anchor can reach. In some
+(any) way. Without any reproach of conscience. I know in what
+sort of place I shall certainly find him. What kind of weather is
+it? What harm have I done to you? In that way he did everything.
+He invited him to come into such and such a place. Not every sort
+of bird sings. Beyond all doubt. No (kind of) man deserves such a
+punishment. Such books are harmful. At times he visits us.</p>
+
+<p>For some reason he could not sleep. Why do you not answer me?
+I did not understand your question, therefore I did not answer.
+People do not understand one another, and therefore they hold
+themselves aloof. For every reason that is the best.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================107.png============================ -->
+<p>I once loved you. What lives must of necessity some time die.
+When shall you go away? In the moonlight night, when all were
+asleep, then she sat on the edge or the ship. Be for ever
+blessed! She had never seen a dog before.</p>
+
+<center><b>20a.</b></center>
+
+<p>Where are the boys? Where did you go? I am staying here. He
+lost his purse somewhere in the town, but where he lost it he
+does not know. I willingly came from there here. He begged her to
+tell him whence she came (whence she comes). For youth there are
+snares everywhere. Everywhere are flowers, and nowhere can one
+find more beautiful (ones).</p>
+
+<p>How beautiful! Am I fit for a king? So finished the happy day.
+They shone like diamonds. How are you? Somehow he misunderstood
+me. My wife thought the same as I. I cannot understand at all
+what you say. Very strange and quite incomprehensible! I, as
+president, elected him. I chose him as president.</p>
+
+<p>Whose glove is this? I never take that one's opinion. Suddenly
+she heard somebody's loud disagreeable voice. Everybody's idea is
+different. A good friend, without whose help he would never have
+seen this land. Somebody's loss is not always somebody's gain.
+Someone's loss is often no one's gain.</p>
+
+<center><b>20b.</b></center>
+
+<p>I feel that something is happening. Never did I give you
+anything. I wish to do something good for (to) you. What is this?
+What kind of ornament is this? What do I see? This is all I spoke
+of. I will give up nothing to you. Do nothing against your
+mother. Before all, be faithful to yourself. She began to feel
+something such as (which) she herself in the beginning could
+(can) not understand.</p>
+
+<p>She spoke a little angrily. The pupils of the eyes little by
+little contracted. Who is so unreasonable (senseless) that he can
+believe it? How much money have you? I have none. Give me as much
+water as wine.</p>
+
+<p>Somebody comes; who is it? Would anybody have the courage to
+do that? Everybody tried to save himself as he could. A language
+in which nobody will understand us. None of them could save the
+drowning person. He helped nobody ever (never helped anybody)
+even with one centime. We shall go all together. I know nobody in
+that town. This is beyond all human strength.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================108.png============================ -->
+<center><b>20c.</b></center>
+
+<p>Where I am travelling from, whither and why, I can only
+answer: I know not. They begged him to delay a little (with) his
+departure. These nests are often larger than the huts of the
+people of that place. He departed with the firm resolve to leave
+for ever this ungrateful land. If anyone were to see that, he
+would curse Fortune. I would give a hundred pounds sterling if ox
+tongue could have for me such a good taste as for you. What time
+is it? Nearly (soon) twelve o'clock.</p>
+
+<center><b>21.</b></center>
+
+<p>On a hot day I like to walk in a wood. They opened the gate
+noisily, and the carriage drove into the courtyard. This is no
+longer simple rain, but a downpour. A huge dog put its forepaw on
+me, and from terror I did not know what to do. Before our army
+stood a great series of cannon. (In) that night a terrible gale
+blew. With delight. He longed to go away again.</p>
+
+<p>Immediately after heating the stove was hot, in an hour it was
+only warm, in two hours it was only just warm, and after three
+hours it was already quite cold. I bought for the children a
+little table and some little seats. In our country there are no
+mountains, but only hills. In summer we find coolness in thick
+woods. He sits near the table and dozes. A narrow path leads
+through this field to our house. On his face I saw a joyful
+smile. Before the woman appeared a pretty little dog. Pardon, he
+whispered.</p>
+
+<center><b>22.</b></center>
+
+<p>With (by means of) an axe we chop, with a saw we saw, with a
+spade we dig, with a needle we sew, with scissors we clip. The
+knife was so blunt that I could not cut the meat with it, and I
+had to use my pocket knife. Have you a corkscrew to uncork the
+bottle? I wished to lock the door, but I had lost the key. She
+combs her hair with a silver comb. In summer we travel by various
+vehicles, and in winter by a sledge. To-day it is beautiful
+frosty weather; therefore I shall take my skates and go skating.
+The steersman of the "Pinta" injured the rudder. The magnetic
+needle. The first indicator in most illnesses is the tongue. He
+put it on the plate of a pair of scales.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================109.png============================ -->
+<center><b>23.</b></center>
+
+<p>The sailors must obey the captain. All the inhabitants of a
+state are citizens (subjects) of the state. Townsfolk are usually
+sharper than villagers. The Parisians are gay folk. Our town has
+good policemen, but not a sufficiently energetic chief constable.
+Lutherans and Calvinists are Christians. Germans and Frenchmen
+who live in Russia are Russian subjects, although they are not
+Russians. He is an awkward and simple provincial. The inhabitants
+of one state are fellow-countrymen, the inhabitants of one town
+are fellow-citizens, the professors of one religion are
+co-religionists. Those who have the same ideas are
+fellow-thinkers.</p>
+
+<p>The ruler of our country is a good and wise king. The governor
+of our province is strict but just. Our regimental chief
+(colonel) is like a good father to (for) his soldiers. They are
+as (equally) proud as a housewife of her house. On the engine the
+engine-driver sat alone. The emperor, accompanied by the empress,
+had just entered (into) his box.</p>
+
+<center><b>24.</b></center>
+
+<p>Our country will conquer, for our army is large and brave. On
+a steep ladder he raised himself to the roof of the house. I do
+not know the Spanish language, but by help of a Spanish-German
+dictionary, I nevertheless understood your letter a little. On
+these vast and grassy fields feed great herds of beasts,
+especially flocks of fine-woolled sheep. The train consisted
+almost entirely (only) of passenger coaches. They put before me a
+cover (table requisites), which consisted of a plate, spoon,
+knife, fork, a small glass for brandy, a glass for wine, and a
+serviette. On the sea was a great ship, and among the rigging
+everywhere sat sailors. His escort stood at the back of the box.
+Dark ranges of mountains bar the way.</p>
+
+<p>A florin, a shilling, and a penny are coins. A grain of sand
+fell into my eye. One spark is enough to explode gunpowder.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================110.png============================ -->
+<center><b>25.</b></center>
+
+<p>A poor wise man dined with a miserly rich man. A fool everyone
+beats. He is a liar and a despicable man. A coward fears even his
+own shadow. This old man has become quite silly and childish. A
+learned man undertook an important scientific work. Only saints
+have the right to enter here. He only is the great, the powerful
+(One). It is not the legend about the beauty Zobeida. After an
+infectious disease the clothes of the patient are often burned.
+The curse of the prophet is over the head of an ungrateful one.
+After some minutes the brave man went out. All the saints,
+help!</p>
+
+<center><b>(Lesson 26 no Exercise).</b></center>
+
+<center><b>27.</b></center>
+
+<p>She returned to her father's palace. They both went to the
+mayor. Did I not do good to you? She told him nothing. She wrote
+him a letter. He every day teaches people something which they do
+not know. They flew towards the sun. One sister promised the
+other to tell her what she saw, and what most pleased her the
+first day. Perhaps he will forgive you. She did not believe her
+own ears. He did not know that he had (has) to thank her [for]
+his life. She saved his life. The witch cut off the tongue of the
+mermaid.</p>
+
+<center><b>28.</b></center>
+
+<p>I lived with her father. It fell to (on) the bottom of the sea
+on the breaking up of the ship. By [the] light of torches. Arm in
+arm. There seized him some fear at the thought. Nothing helps;
+one must only bravely remain of his [own] opinion. She laughed at
+his recital. At every word which you (will) speak, out of your
+mouth will come either a flower or a precious stone.</p>
+
+<p>He stopped near the door. The serpent crawled about her feet.
+When he was with me, he stood a whole hour by the window. I lived
+in a tree near your house. She planted near the statue a rose-red
+willow. The wayside trees.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================111.png============================ -->
+<center><b>29.</b></center>
+
+<p>The bird flies in the room (= it is in the room and flies
+[about] in it). The bird flies into the room (= it is outside the
+room, and now flies into it). I am travelling in Spain. I am
+travelling to (into) Spain. What to do then (is to be done) in
+such a case? I am in a good temper. He whispered to the queen in
+the ear. In consequence of this occurrence. I should prefer to
+stay here in peace. Her birthday was exactly in the middle of
+winter. He glanced into the child's eyes. He was a tall handsome
+man of the age of forty years. In the whole of my life. At the
+end of the year. Hand in hand. Entering (having entered) the
+carriage, she sat as if on pins. Corn is ground into flour.
+Alexander turned into dust. He divided the apple into two
+parts.</p>
+
+<center><b>30.</b></center>
+
+<p>Between Russia and France is Germany. They divided among them
+twelve apples. Between ten and eleven o'clock in the morning.
+Between the pillars stood marble figures. Near the wall between
+the windows stood a sofa. They talked long among themselves. In
+this disease an hour may decide between life and death. In the
+interval between the speeches they set off fireworks.</p>
+
+<p>I am standing outside the house, and he is inside. He is
+outside the door. Now we are out of danger. He lives outside the
+town. Standing outside, he could only see the outer side of our
+house. He pointed outside into the darkness. I left him outside.
+This man is better outwardly than within.</p>
+
+<p>He went out of the town. He has just returned from foreign
+parts. With extraordinary vivacity she jumped out of the carriage
+(of the train). She put a crown of white lilies on her
+(another's) head (hair). He made use of the opportunity. These
+nests are made wholly of earth. She was the bravest of all. Now
+you have grown up! He went out of the bedroom, and entered into
+the dining-room. The Esperanto alphabet consists of twenty-eight
+letters.</p>
+
+<center><b>31.</b></center>
+
+<p>I am sitting on a seat and have my feet on a little bench. He
+came back with a cat on his arm. I put my hand on the table. He
+fell on his knees. Do not go on the bridge. He threw himself in
+despair on a seat. He slapped him on the shoulder and pressed him
+down on to the sofa. I seated myself in the place of the absent
+stoker. Fruit-culture must influence for good those who are
+occupied with it.</p>
+
+<p>Over the earth is air. His thoughts rose high above the
+clouds. She received permission to rise above the surface of the
+sea. They could rise on the high mountains high above the clouds.
+He stands above on the mountain, and looks down on to the field.
+She sat on the water and swung up and down.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================112.png============================ -->
+<p>From under the sofa the mouse ran under the bed, and now it
+runs [about] under the bed. She often had to dive under the
+water. To (under) the sound of music they danced on the deck.
+Under her gaze blossomed the white lilies. She sank under the
+water. She swam up at sunset.</p>
+
+<center><b>32.</b></center>
+
+<p>He is so stout that he cannot go through our narrow door. She
+looked up through the dark-blue water. Through the roseate air
+shone the evening star. The sound of the bells penetrates down to
+her. They glide among the branches. On the fireplace between two
+pots stands an iron kettle; out of the kettle, in which is
+boiling water, goes steam; through the window, which is near the
+door, the vapour goes into the court.</p>
+
+<p>The swallow flew across the river, for across (on the other
+side of) the river were other swallows. They can fly on ships
+across the sea. "Why did Hannibal go across the Alps? Because
+then the tunnel was not yet ready." It is impossible that they
+should have gone across the ocean. Everything was turned upside
+down.</p>
+
+<p>We passed by the station. At this moment the abbot passes by.
+In passing, I asked him if it were (is) yet twelve o'clock. The
+mill cannot grind with the water that is past.</p>
+
+<center><b>33.</b></center>
+
+<p>Before them stood a church. Before such men it is worth while
+to speak. Often in the night she stood before the window. I am
+guilty towards (before) you. An hour ago. A short time ago he
+woke up very hoarse. Not long ago the house was sold publicly. Do
+not go before you know that everything is in order. I must let
+them sweep out the room before we (shall) begin to dance. I was
+there the previous year. Formerly I never thought about wealth.
+It was with (to) her as the witch prophesied.</p>
+
+<p>He remained behind the door. Little by little. She began
+eagerly to read page after page. She looked after him with a
+smile. After some minutes the sun rose. She threw her arms
+backwards and forwards. We shall stay some weeks in Paris;
+afterwards we shall travel into Germany.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================113.png============================ -->
+<center><b>34.</b></center>
+
+<p>During the whole day (or, the whole day) he remained alone.
+During (for) some months she did not leave her room. He slept
+during the whole concert (or, the whole concert). While the
+preparations lasted, he was a guest of the king. While he is
+journeying on the road to Granada, in Santa F&eacute; his fate is
+being decided.</p>
+
+<p>They used to work until late at night. The plate of the scales
+sank to the ground. Its rays crept up to the dome. Lend me ten
+roubles until to-morrow. He worked on from early morning till
+late at night. He will fight to the very end. We kept going up
+always higher and higher to the fourth story. It will exist until
+the world shall perish.</p>
+
+<p>The king came about midday into the village of Reading. About
+morning the gale ended. About ten metres will be sufficient. All
+gathered round the glass globe. One can look very far round
+about. Great mountains of ice floated around. He looked around on
+all sides.</p>
+
+<center><b>35.</b></center>
+
+<p>The light of the moon. In the middle of the square stood a
+house. He might be of the age (have the age) of sixteen years.
+Their lifetime is still shorter than ours. They rose from beside
+the table. I thought that you would (will) never return from
+thence. The sailors took down the sails. He dismounted from the
+horse.</p>
+
+<p>A wine glass is a glass in which there was wine previously, or
+which is used for wine; a glass of wine is a glass full of wine.
+Bring me a metre of black cloth. (<i>Metro de drapo</i> would
+mean a yard-measure which was lying on cloth, or which is used
+for cloth). I bought a half-score of eggs. This river has a
+length of two hundred kilometres (has two hundred kilometres of
+length). On the seashore stood a crowd of people. Many birds fly
+in the autumn into warmer lands. On the tree were many birds.
+Some people feel happiest when they see the sufferings of their
+neighbours. In the room were (sat) only a few people. "Da" after
+any word shows that this word signifies measure.</p>
+
+<p>It is a beautiful piece of stuff. On the plate he put
+thousands of pieces of silver. The lights glitter like hundreds
+of stars. A boy bought a little bottle of ink. They construct
+little towers containing many little chambers. He gave them a
+great sum of money.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================114.png============================ -->
+<center><b>36.</b></center>
+
+<p>I eat with my mouth, and smell with my nose. She trod with her
+foot on the serpent. It covered the lovely lily with white foam.
+The body ended in a fish's tail. All the walls are decorated with
+great paintings. By here, and by no other way, the thief escaped.
+In what way can one come into the land of gold? In such a way. In
+one word. The star Venus began to burn with envy.</p>
+
+<p>She wished to play with them, but they ran away in terror.
+With what attention she listened to these tales. The most
+beautiful of them was the young prince with the great black eyes.
+Hither swam the sea-maiden with the beautiful prince. With
+pleasure. With every year the number of members rapidly
+increased.</p>
+
+<p>The Tartar remained without a good horse and without food.
+Almost without life he was driven about by the waves. They wove
+with all their might, but without thread (threads). Without a
+word he obeyed. The leaves moved ceaselessly. He created
+numberless birds.</p>
+
+<center><b>37.</b></center>
+
+<p>He treated himself in order to regain his health. She had a
+great deal to tell. He went into the church to make his
+confession. In order to pass the time somehow. Nobody is more fit
+for his post than he. He used all his might to please his master.
+For me it is all one wherever I live. Take (the pay) for the
+coffee.</p>
+
+<p>He died of hunger. I had a very good estate, which was sold on
+account of debts. For heaven's sake, do not do this. He was
+convinced that on his own account he need not fear. On this
+account Venus gives more light than many other stars. Whether for
+that, or for some other reason, I know not.</p>
+
+<center><b>38.</b></center>
+
+<p>She wished to believe that the Hebrew spoke of someone else.
+Now the woman has everything, she can ask for nothing. Do not
+think about this. One cannot truly say that about you. There were
+still many things about which they wished to know. He could not
+even dream about her. She used to ask the old grandmother about
+that.</p>
+
+<p>I remain here by order of my chief. He began to go along this
+river. They had permission to go up always according to their
+(own) will. She could dig and plant as she pleased (according to
+her liking). The shells closed and opened according to the flow
+of the water. From his outward appearance he seemed a respectable
+man. At the command "three" you will shoot at the tree. The
+younger daughter was the very picture of her father in her
+goodness and honesty.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================115.png============================ -->
+<center><b>39.</b></center>
+
+<p>You have remedies against all diseases. What can he alone do
+against a hundred men? Contrary to his custom, the professor said
+nothing. It flew against the reflector. Against her own will she
+confessed this. He began to feel a certain disgust against
+himself. The opposite side. They sat down one opposite the other.
+She was unjust towards him. Contrary to usual, the number of
+dancers was great.</p>
+
+<p>Instead of him his brother was sent. Instead of going out he
+remained in the house. An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a
+tooth. Instead of coffee he gave me tea with sugar, but without
+cream. Instead of "la" one can also say "l'" (but only after a
+preposition which ends with a vowel).</p>
+
+<p>In the drawing-room there was nobody except him and his
+fianc&eacute;e. Besides the empty loom there was nothing. Besides
+ourselves we had very little to bring in. She wished to have,
+besides the red flowers, only one beautiful statue. All slept,
+save the steersman beside his tiller. In addition to the members,
+many guests journey there.</p>
+
+<center><b>40.</b></center>
+
+<p>He worked hard, but in spite of everything he did not succeed.
+It was still fairly warm, notwithstanding that the sun was low.
+They will be severely punished if, notwithstanding the
+prohibition, they (shall) offend against the freedom of the road.
+Despite all my endeavours to prevent him, he went away.</p>
+
+<p>For my four children I bought twelve apples, and to each of
+the children I gave at the rate of three apples. They may cost
+three to five shillings each. This book has sixty pages;
+therefore if I (shall) read every day (at the rate of) fifteen
+pages, I shall finish the whole book in four days. I bought four
+books at sixpence each.</p>
+
+<p>We were only engaged about some household affairs. The
+structure is similar to a mushroom. They ran away when the woman
+cried out at them. In the evening the sky became covered with
+clouds. From fear of Karagara I ran away. She was very proud of
+her high rank. The dog sincerely mourned for him. None of them
+was so full of desires as the youngest girl. On word of
+honour.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================116.png============================ -->
+<center><b>40a.</b></center>
+
+<p>If we need to use a preposition, and the sense does not show
+us what preposition to use, then we can use the general
+preposition "je." But it is well to use the word "je" as seldom
+as possible. Instead of the word "je" we can also use the
+accusative without a preposition. I laugh at his simplicity (or,
+I laugh on account of his simplicity; or, I ridicule his
+simplicity). The last time I saw him with you I travelled two
+days and one night. I sigh for my lost happiness. From the said
+rule it follows that if we do not know as to any verb whether it
+requires the accusative case after it (that is, whether it is
+active) or not, we can always use the accusative. For example, we
+can say "obei al la patro" and "obei la patron" (instead of "obei
+je la patro"). But we do not use the accusative when the
+clearness of the sense forbids it; for example, we can say
+"pardoni al la malamiko" and "pardoni la malamikon," but we must
+always say "pardoni al la malamiko lian kulpon."</p>
+
+<center><b>41.</b></center>
+
+<p>The photographer photographed me, and I sent my photograph to
+my father. You talk nonsense, my friend. I drank tea, with cake
+and jam. Water is a fluid. I did not wish to drink the wine, for
+it had in it a certain muddiness. On the table were various
+sweetmeats. I ate a tasty omelette. When I travel anywhere I
+never take with me much luggage. An ice is a sweet frozen dainty.
+The whole surface of the lake was covered with floating leaves
+and various other plants (growths). The timber merchant sells
+wood, and the joiner makes tables, chairs, and other wooden
+objects. I use no sort of alcoholics. His old mother carried on
+the management of the house. "An evil appearance he had,"
+answered the Jew. She thought over the doings of the past day. It
+is as light as a cobweb. The train of the dress was long. They
+move like living beings.</p>
+
+<p>He loves this girl on account of her beauty and goodness. His
+heroism greatly pleased me. I live with them in great friendship.
+We are, in fact, close to the river. This is the most important
+quality. Court ceremony necessitates inconvenience. The wealth of
+this man is great, but his foolishness is still greater.</p>
+
+<p>In these little bottles are various acids&mdash;vinegar,
+sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and others. The acidity of this
+vinegar is very weak. Your wine is only some abominable acid
+thing. This great eminence is not a natural mountain. The height
+of that mountain is not very great.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================117.png============================ -->
+<center><b>42.</b></center>
+
+<p>The house in which one learns is a school, and the house in
+which one prays is a church. The cook sits in the kitchen. The
+doctor advises me to go into a vapour-bath. The horse put one
+hoof on a serpent's nest. The woman used to walk through lovely
+woods and meadows. He came into his lodging. He stopped by the
+gate of the monastery.</p>
+
+<p>Russians live in Russia, and Germans in Germany. My writing
+materials consist of an inkstand, a sand-box, a few pens, a
+pencil, and a blotter. In my trousers pocket I carry a purse, and
+in my overcoat pocket I carry a pocket book; a larger portfolio I
+carry under my arm. Put on the table the sugar-basin, the
+tea-caddy, and the teapot.</p>
+
+<p>A shop in which one sells cigars, or a room in which one keeps
+cigars, is a cigar-store; a box or other object in which one
+keeps cigars is a cigar-case; a little tube in which one puts a
+cigar when one smokes it is a cigar-holder. A little box in which
+one keeps pens is a pen-box, and a little stick, on which one
+holds a pen to write, is a penholder. In the candlestick was a
+burning candle.</p>
+
+<center><b>43.</b></center>
+
+<p>A father and a mother together are named parents. Peter, Anne,
+and Elizabeth are my brother and sisters. Mr. and Mrs. N. will
+come to us this evening. The engaged couple stood by the altar. I
+congratulated the young married pair by telegraph. The king and
+queen left Cordova. She married (with) her cousin, although her
+parents wished to marry her to another person.</p>
+
+<p>My wife's father is my father-in-law, I am his son-in-law, and
+my father is the father-in-law of my wife. All my wife's
+relations are my relations by marriage, consequently her brother
+is my brother-in-law, her sister is my sister-in-law; my brother
+and sister are the brother-in-law and sister-in-law of my wife.
+The wife of my nephew and the niece of my wife are my nieces by
+marriage. A woman who treats the sick is a lady doctor; the wife
+of a doctor is a doctor's wife. Mrs. Dr. A. visited Dr. and Mrs.
+P. to-day. He is not a laundryman, he is a washerwoman's
+husband.</p>
+
+<p>The sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons of a king are
+princes. The Hebrews are Israelites, for they are descended from
+Israel. A foal is an immature horse, a chicken an immature fowl,
+a calf an immature ox, a fledgeling an immature bird. That
+beautiful land was in a very primeval state.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================118.png============================ -->
+<p>John, Nicholas, Ernest, William, Mary, Clara, and Sophia are
+called by their parents Johnny (or Jack), Nick, Ernie, Will (or
+Willie or Bill or Billy), Polly (or Molly), Clarry, and
+Sophy.</p>
+
+<center><b>44.</b></center>
+
+<p>Steel is flexible, but iron is not flexible. Not every plant
+is edible. Glass is breakable and transparent. Your speech is
+quite incomprehensible, and your letters are always written quite
+illegibly. The darkness is impenetrable. He related to me a story
+altogether incredible. Perhaps I can (shall be able to) help you.
+Do you love your father? What a question! of course (that) I love
+him. Probably I shall not be able to come to you to-day, for I
+think that I myself shall have guests to-day. The table stands
+askew, and will probably soon fall over. He did his best (his
+possible).</p>
+
+<p>He is a man unworthy of belief. Your action is very
+praiseworthy. This important day will remain for me for ever
+memorable. It is a coat of great worth. It is not worthy of
+thanks. The crew show [themselves] unworthy of their leader.</p>
+
+<p>His wife is very hardworking and economical, but she is also
+very fond of talking and noisy. He is very irascible, and often
+becomes excited at the merest trifle; nevertheless he is very
+forgiving, he does not bear anger long, and he is not at all
+revengeful. He is very credulous; even the most incredible
+things, which the most untrustworthy people relate to him, he
+immediately believes. He is very cleanly, and you will not find
+even one speck of dust on his coat. He is an excellent boy, but
+very apt to believe [in] spirits.</p>
+
+<center><b>45.</b></center>
+
+<p>We all came together to talk over very important business, but
+we could not reach any result, and we parted. Misery often unites
+people, and happiness often separates them. I tore up the letter,
+and threw its bits into every corner (all corners) of the room.
+After this they separated for home. The road branched in several
+directions.</p>
+
+<p>I willingly fulfilled his desire. In bad weather one may
+easily take cold. He unbuttoned his overcoat. She played with her
+fan. Shirts, collars, cuffs, and other similar things we call
+linen, although they are not always made of linen.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================119.png============================ -->
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>TRANSLATIONS FROM VARIOUS LANGUAGES.</b></center>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>PARDONATA FORESTO.</b></center>
+
+<div class="indented">Oni invitis junulon al festeno. Respondante
+al la invito, li diris: "Mi venos plezure, se mi estos
+viva."</div>
+
+<div class="indented">"Ho," diris la invitanta sinjorino, "se vi
+estos senviva, ni vin ne atendos."</div>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Tutmonda Anekdotaro</i>.</p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Festeno</i>, banquet, (dinner) party.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>KOREKTO.</b></center>
+
+<div class="indented">Juna fra&#365;lino: "Ho, S-ro profesoro!
+Kion povus rakonti tiu &#265;i maljuna kverko, se &#285;i povus
+paroli?!"</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Profesoro: "&#284;i dirus: pardonu min, mia
+fra&#365;lino, mi ne estas kverko, sed tilio."</div>
+
+<p align="right"><i>Ibid</i>.</p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Tilio</i>, lime tree.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>NAIVECO.</b></center>
+
+<p class="indented">Knabino sesjara havis katon kaj pupon. Iu
+demandis &#349;in, kiun el la du &#349;i preferas. &#348;i ne
+volis respondi, fine &#349;i diris al li en la orelon: "Mi
+preferas mian katon, sed ne diru, mi petas vin, tion al mia
+pupo."</p>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Unua Legolibro</i> de Kabe.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================120.png============================ -->
+<center><b>HAWKE.</b></center>
+
+<p class="indented">Kiam la fama angla admiralo Hawke estis
+ankora&#365; knabo kaj la patro unuafoje prenis lin sur
+&#349;ipon, li admonis lin bone konduti kaj aldonis: "Tiam mi
+esperas vidi vin kapitano." " Kapitano!" ekkriis la knabo. "Kara
+patro, se mi ne esperus fari&#285;i admiralo, mi ne konsentus
+esti maristo."</p>
+
+<p align="right"><i>Ibid</i>.</p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Admoni</i>, to admonish; <i>konduti</i>, to
+behave (oneself).</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>EFIKA RUZO.</b></center>
+
+<div class="indented">Iu vila&#285;ano petis sian tre avaran
+najbaron, ke li metu sur la limon inter la du &#285;ardenoj
+palisan barilon, &#265;ar la najbara kokinaro vagadis dum la tuta
+tago en lia &#285;ardeno.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Tamen la avarulo rifuzis, kaj jam la
+najbaro intencis alvoki la helpon de la ju&#285;istoj, kiam li
+&#349;ajne kontenta kvieti&#285;is.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Subite, je &#265;ies miro, oni ekvidis la
+malamatan avarulon starigi tre fortan lignan barilon.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">"Sed, amiko," demandis la vila&#285;anoj,
+"rakontu kiamaniere vi atingis tion."</div>
+
+<div class="indented">"Nu, tre simple," li diris. "Iun matenon mi
+sendis al la najbaro tri a&#365; kvar ovojn, dirante, ke liaj
+kokinoj demetis ilin en mia &#285;ardeno. Jam la sekvintan tagon
+li komencis konstrui la barilon. Tio estas &#265;iam pli malkara,
+ol doni okupadon al la advokatoj."</div>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Tutmonda Anekdotaro</i>.</p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Peti</i>, to beg; <i>limo</i>, boundary;
+<i>paliso</i>, palings; <i>vagi</i>, to wander; <i>alvoki</i>, to
+invoke; <i>&#349;ajne</i>, apparently; <i>subite</i>, suddenly;
+<i>kvieta</i>, quiet; <i>advokato</i>, lawyer.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================121.png============================ -->
+<center><b>JUPITERO KAJ &#264;EVALO</b>.</center>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash; Patro de l' bestoj kaj de l'
+homoj!&mdash;diris &#265;evalo, proksimi&#285;ante al la trono de
+Jupitero&mdash;oni diras, ke mi estas unu el la plej belaj
+bestoj; mi mem kredas tion, tamen &#349;ajnas al mi, ke multon en
+mi oni devus plibonigi.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash; Kion la&#365; via opinio oni povus
+plibonigi en vi? Parolu, mi estas preta lerni de vi&mdash;diris
+Jupitero ridetante.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash; Eble mi kurus ankora&#365; pli
+rapide, se miaj piedoj estus pli longaj kaj pli maldikaj; longa
+cigna kolo ornamus miri; pli lar&#285;a brusto pligrandigus miajn
+fortojn; kaj &#265;ar vi destinis min por porti vian favoratan,
+homon, vi povus sur mian dorson meti pretan selon.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash; Bone&mdash;diris
+Jupitero&mdash;atendu momenton!&mdash;kaj li kreis kamelon.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Ekvidinte la novan beston, la &#265;evalo
+ektremis de l' timo kaj abomeno.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash; Jen la altaj piedoj, kiajn vi
+deziris&mdash;diris Jupitero&mdash;jen la longa cigna kolo,
+lar&#285;a brusto kaj preta selo. &#264;u vi deziras, ke mi tiel
+aliformigu vin?</div>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Unua Legolibro</i> de Kabe.</p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Trono</i>, throne; <i>&#349;ajni</i>, to
+seem; <i>preta</i>, ready; <i>cigno</i>, swan; <i>ornami</i>, to
+ornament; <i>brusto</i>, chest; <i>destini</i>, to destine,
+appoint; <i>selo</i>, saddle; <i>tremi</i>, to tremble;
+<i>abomeno</i>, disgust.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>LA HOMA KORPO KAJ LA SENTOJ.</b></center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Serba Esperantisto.</i></p>
+
+<div class="indented">Petu Johanon, ke li alproksimi&#285;u, ke
+li pa&#349;u al vi, por ke vi observu la trajtojn de lia
+viza&#285;o.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Lia frunto estas alta kun brune blondaj
+haroj, liaj vangoj estas rondaj, lian mentonon kovras dika barbo,
+kiu ka&#349;as la gor&#285;on.</div>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================122.png============================ -->
+<div class="indented">Johanino jam faris longan mar&#349;on,
+&#349;i &#309;us haltis: &#349;i spiras forte, &#349;ia kolo sin
+stre&#265;as, &#349;ia brusto sin etendas, kaj skui&#285;as
+&#349;iaj flankoj; &#349;ia koro forte batas, &#349;ia sango
+rapide kuras en la arterioj kaj vejnoj; &#349;ia ha&#365;to
+fari&#285;is brula.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&#348;i &#349;ajnas laca ne nur muskole,
+sed nerve kaj cerbe. Diru al &#349;i, ke &#349;i ripozu kaj ne
+restu stare, ke &#349;i sidigu sin.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Nun &#349;i sidas: &#349;i pene klinas
+siajn krurojn; &#349;i povas movi nek la genuojn nek la piedojn;
+e&#265; la brakoj rigide pendas de la &#349;ultroj; &#349;i ne
+plu turnas la kapon: &#349;i tuj ekdormos.</div>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<div class="indented">Mi ku&#349;is sur la tero mem: tiam la
+dorso, la ventro, la membroj, e&#265; la ostoj iom suferis.</div>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<div class="indented">Okulo blinda ne vidas lumon, orelo surda ne
+a&#365;das sonojn, bu&#349;o muta ne diras vortojn, koro fermita
+ne &#285;uas amon.</div>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<div class="indented">Tiu &#265;i frukto, anta&#365;e acida,
+estas nun matura: la nazo flaras &#285;ian odoron agrablan, la
+mano esploras &#285;ian glatan &#349;elon, balda&#365; la dentoj
+mordos &#285;ian molan karnon kaj la lango gustumos &#285;ian
+dol&#265;an sukon.</div>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<div class="indented">Momenta silentu, vi faros plezuron al mi,
+kaj mia kapdoloro malaperos.</div>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<p align="center"><i>Trajto</i>, feature; <i>frunto</i>,
+forehead; <i>bruna</i>, brown; <i>vango</i>, cheek;
+<i>mentono</i>, chin; <i>barbo</i>, beard; <i>gor&#285;o</i>,
+throat; <i>etendi</i>, to extend, to stretch out; <i>skui</i>, to
+shake; <i>sango</i>, blood; <i>arterio</i>, artery; <i>vejno</i>,
+vein; <i>ha&#365;to</i>, skin; <i>muskolo</i>, muscle;
+<i>nervo</i>, nerve; <i>cerbo</i>, brain; <i>kruro</i>, leg;
+<i>ventro</i>, belly; <i>membra</i>, limb, member; <i>osto</i>,
+bone; <i>&#285;ui</i>, to enjoy; <i>esplori</i>, to examine;
+<i>glata</i>, smooth; <i>&#349;elo</i>, rind, bark; <i>karno</i>,
+flesh; <i>suko</i>, juice.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>ANTA&#364;FABELO</b><br>
+ El <i>Fabeloj al Helenjo</i>.</center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Rusaj Rakontoj</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">Baju, baju, baju!...</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Unu okuleto de Helenjo dormas, alia
+rigardas; unu oreleto de Helenjo dormas, alia
+a&#365;skultas.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Dormu, Helenjo, dormu, belulino; kaj
+pa&#265;jo rakontos fabelojn. Kredeble, &#265;iuj estas tie
+&#265;i: kato, kaj vila&#285;a hundo, griza museto, kaj grileto
+sub la forno, makulkolora sturno en ka&#285;o, kaj malpacema
+koko.</div>
+
+<!-- =============================123.png============================ -->
+<div class="indented">Dormu, Helenjo,&mdash;tuj la fabelo
+komenci&#285;os. Jen la alta luno jam rigardas en la fenestron;
+jen straba leporo, kiu lame forkuras; jen lupaj okuloj, kiuj
+eklumi&#285;as per flavaj fajretoj. Alflugas maljuna pasero al la
+fenestro, frapas per la beko sur vitron kaj demandas: "&#264;u
+balda&#365;?" &#264;iuj estas &#265;i tie, &#265;iuj
+kolekti&#285;is; kaj &#265;iuj atendas la fabelon al
+Helenjo.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Unu okuleto de Helenjo dormas, alia
+rigardas, unu oreleto de Helenjo dormas, alia
+a&#365;skultas.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Baju, baju, baju!...</div>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mamin
+Sibirjak.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center">[Footnote: <i>Baju</i>: Rusa interjekcio;
+rekanta&#309;o por dormigi infanojn.]</p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>A&#365;skulti</i>, to listen; <i>fabelo</i>,
+story; <i>griza</i>, grey; <i>muso</i>, mouse; <i>grilo</i>,
+cricket; <i>forno</i>, stove; <i>makulo</i>, spot; <i>sturno</i>,
+starling; <i>straba</i>, squinting; <i>leporo</i>, hare;
+<i>lupo</i>, wolf; <i>flava</i>, yellow; <i>beko</i>, beak;
+<i>pa&#265;jo</i>, daddy.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>EDZINl&#284;O DE RATINO.</b></center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Japanaj Rakontoj.</i></p>
+
+<div class="indented">Maljuna rato havis filinon. &#284;i volis
+edzinigi tiun &#265;i kun iu plej forta en la mondo. &#284;i unue
+iris al la luno, pensante, ke la luno estas la plej forta en la
+mondo. Sed la luno diris: "Min tre ofte malhelpas la nubo, kaj mi
+neniel povas forpeli &#285;in."</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Tiam &#285;i sin turnis al la nubo,
+pensante, ke la nubo estas pli forta, ol la luno. Sed la nubo
+diris: "Min &#265;iam dispelas la vento, kaj mi neniam povas al
+&#285;i kontra&#365;stari."</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Trie &#285;i iris al la vento, pensante, ke
+la vento estas pli forta, ol la nubo. Sed la vento diris: "La
+muro staras kontra&#365; mi, kaj mi tute ne povas trapasi
+&#285;in."</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Fine &#285;i iris al la muro, pensante, ke
+la muro estas pli forta, ol la vento. Sed la muro anka&#365;
+diris: "Via familio &#265;iam min mordadas, kaj mi ne povas tion
+haltigi."</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Jen &#285;i komprenis, ke ratino nur devas
+edzini&#285;i kun rato, kaj reveninte hejmen, &#285;i edzinigis
+sian filinon kun juna rato de sia najbareco.</div>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">K.
+Kajiwara.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Nubo</i>, cloud.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================124.png============================ -->
+<center><b>INFANA VERSA&#308;O.</b></center>
+
+<center>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td width="12%"> </td>
+<td nowrap>Eta Manjo Flindre</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="12%"> </td>
+<td nowrap>Sidis intercindre,</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" nowrap>Etajn piedfingrojn &#349;i varmigis.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="12%"> </td>
+<td nowrap>&#348;in vidis patrineto,</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td width="12%"> </td>
+<td nowrap>Puni&#285;is filineto,</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" nowrap>&#264;ar &#349;i la novajn vestojn
+malpurigis.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">John
+Ellis</span>, <i>el "The British Esperantist."</i></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Cindro</i>, cinder, ash; <i>fingro</i>,
+finger.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>LA DOMO DE &#308;AK'.</b></center>
+
+<p>Jen estas la domo konstruita de &#308;ak'.<br>
+Jen estas la greno, kiu restis en la domo konstruita de
+&#308;ak'.<br>
+Jen estas la rato, kiu man&#285;is la grenon, kiu restis,
+k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas la kato, kiu mortigis la raton, kiu man&#285;is,
+k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas la hundo, kiu turmentis la katon, kiu mortigis,
+k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas la bovino kun kurba korno, kiu &#309;etis la hundon,
+kiu turmentis, k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas tutsola la virgulino, kiu melkis la bovinon, kiu
+&#309;etis, k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas la viro, &#265;ifone vestita, kiu kisis la virgulinon
+tutsolan, kiu melkis, k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas la pre&#285;isto, tute razita, kiu edzigis la viron,
+&#265;ifone vestitan, kiu kisis, k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas la koko, matene kriinta, kiu vekis la pre&#285;iston,
+tute razitan, kiu edzigis, k.t.p.<br>
+Jen estas la farmomastro, grensemanta, kiu posedis la kokon,
+matene kriintan, kiu, k.t.p., k.t.p.<br>
+</p>
+
+<p align="right"><i>El "The Esperantist"</i></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Rato</i>, rat; <i>kato</i>, cat;
+<i>kurba</i>, curved; <i>korno</i>, horn; <i>sola</i>, alone,
+solitary; <i>melki</i>, to milk (milk is <i>lakto</i>);
+<i>&#265;ifono</i>, rag; <i>farmi</i>, to farm, take on lease;
+<i>semi</i>, to sow seed; <i>posedi</i>, to possess.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================125.png============================ -->
+<center><b>EZOPA FABELO.</b></center>
+
+<div class="indented">Unu azeno trovis leonan felon. &#284;i
+ricevis la ideon vesti sur sin la felon, kaj &#349;ajnigante sin
+leono, terurigi la homojn kaj bestojn. Pensite, farite. La azeno
+&#349;ajnis esti potenca leono.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">La unua viva esta&#309;o, kiun &#285;i
+renkontis, estis malri&#265;a sed talenta komercisto, portanta
+kelkajn komerca&#309;ojn sur sia dorso. Li teruri&#285;is vidante
+la leonon, kio tre amuzis la azenon. Nun la azeno, intencante
+pligrandigi la efikon, ekblekis:&mdash;ia,&mdash;ia,&mdash;ia,...
+Sed jen nia komercisto rekonis la azenon per &#285;ia vo&#265;o,
+kaptis &#285;in kaj devigis &#285;in&mdash;vendi malkarege la
+leonan felon.</div>
+
+<p align="right"><i>El "Lingvo Internacia."</i></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Azeno</i>, ass; <i>felo</i>, hide;
+<i>&#349;ajni</i>, to seem to be; <i>komerci</i>, to trade;
+<i>dorso</i>, back; <i>intenci</i>, to intend; <i>bleki</i>, to
+cry (like an animal); <i>kara</i>, dear; <i>potenca</i>,
+powerful.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>PROVERBOJ.</b></center>
+
+Eco homara estas eraro. Nur tiu ne eraras, kiu neniam ion
+faras.<br>
+Por ri&#265;ulo fasto, por malri&#265;ulo festo.<br>
+Mezuri la&#365; sia metro.<br>
+Kia la semo, tia la rikolto.<br>
+Ri&#265;igas ne enspezo, sed prudenta elspezo.<br>
+Kun kiu vi festas, tia vi estas.<br>
+Ju pli da &#309;uroj, des pli da suspekto.<br>
+Korvo al korvo okulon ne pikas.<br>
+En infano vidi&#285;as, kia homo fari&#285;os.<br>
+Unufoje &#349;telinta restas &#265;iam &#349;telisto.<br>
+Kapo estas por tio, ke &#285;i zorgu pri &#265;io.<br>
+Belaj rakontoj el trans la montoj.<br>
+
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">M. F.
+Zamenhof.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Fasto</i>, fast; <i>mezuri</i>, to measure;
+<i>rikolto</i>, harvest; <i>enspezo</i>, income; <i>elspezo</i>,
+outlay; <i>&#309;uro</i>, oath; <i>suspekto</i>, suspicion;
+<i>korvo</i>, raven; <i>piki</i>, to stab.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================126.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LIZI, ELZE, ELIZABET.</b></center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Hungaraj Rakontoj.</i></p>
+
+<div class="indented">Mi amis nur mian patrinon kaj Lizi, krome
+neniun en la tuta mondo.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Kun &#349;i, kun Lizi, mi jam ligis
+amikecon, kiam mia malgranda fratino mortis je angino.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Tiam fari&#285;is tre silente en nia domo.
+Malanta&#365;e &#265;irka&#365; la &#265;evalstalo bruis ja la
+knaboj poste kiel anta&#365;e, sed al la lo&#285;ejo ili
+proksimi&#285;is nur sur la piedpintoj. Ili ne volis &#285;eni la
+nigre vestitan virinon, kiu sen&#265;ese, kvaza&#365; senspirite,
+la funebrajn &#265;ambrojn trapa&#349;is; de frua mateno &#285;is
+malfrua vespero, en pensojn profundi&#285;inta, &#349;i travagis
+la lo&#285;ejon, senripoze kiel la pendolo de l'horlo&#285;o,
+kvaza&#365; &#349;i eterne iun a&#365; ion ser&#265;us. Iafoje
+&#349;i malfermis la &#349;rankojn kaj tirkestojn la&#365; vico.
+Tiam mi &#265;iam vidis en &#349;ia mano malgrandajn
+infanorobojn, &#349;uojn kaj anta&#365;tukojn, kiujn &#349;i
+longe rigardis kaj karesis, por ilin denove remeti kun la pupoj,
+la skribkajeroj kaj &#265;iuj aliaj objektoj, kiuj iam apartenis
+al mia malgranda fratino.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Pri mi &#349;i tute ne
+okupi&#285;is&mdash;&#349;i nun pli amis la mortinton, ol
+&#265;iujn vivantojn&mdash;kaj tamen en mi &#265;iam
+&#349;teliris post &#349;i. Se mi iafoje &#349;ian robon
+ekprenis, a&#365; &#349;ian brakon karesis, por ke &#349;i min
+nur rimarku, &#349;i ekrigardis min indiferente per siaj karaj,
+de nokta plorado lacaj okuloj, a&#365; diris: "Kion vi volas,
+Janko? &#264;u mi devas doni al vi oran&#285;ojn?"</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&#348;i tiam eltiris la tirkeston, kie la
+oran&#285;oj ku&#349;is, kaj lasis min elekti, kiom mi volis. Kaj
+mi tute ne volis oran&#285;ojn, mi nur estis &#309;aluza je mia
+malgranda, mortinta fratino.</div>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ferenc
+Herczeg.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Ligi</i>, to bind; <i>angino</i>, quinsy;
+<i>stalo</i>, stable, stall; <i>pinto</i>, point;
+<i>&#285;eni</i>, to trouble, disturb; <i>funebro</i>, mourning;
+<i>pendolo</i>, pendulum; <i>&#349;ranko</i>, cupboard;
+<i>tirkesto</i>, drawer; <i>vico</i>, turn;
+<i>anta&#365;tuko</i>, apron; <i>laca</i>, weary;
+<i>&#309;aluza</i>, jealous.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================127.png============================ -->
+<center><b>VENTEGA NOKTO.</b></center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Nord-germanaj Rakontoj.</i></p>
+
+<p class="indented">La ventego kriegis kaj bruegis dum la malluma
+nokto kaj blovege pelis la foliojn anta&#365; si. Kia sonado
+estis en la aero! De malproksime venas la ventego, el la regiono,
+kie estas la altaj montoj kaj la granda akvo, el la malvarma
+nordo. &#264;io, kion &#285;i ekkaptas dumvoje, devas kunflugi.
+&#284;i pelas la foliojn alten, tiel ke ili kirle flugas kaj en
+sia timo saltas unu super la alia. Jen &#285;i permesas al ili
+dum memento rekonscii&#285;i, ili opinias, ke nun &#265;esis la
+sova&#285;a pelado, ke ili povas trankvile mallevi&#285;i
+teren&mdash;jen la sova&#285;ulo ree ekkaptas ilin kaj la ludo
+denove komenci&#285;as. Nun &#285;i estas en la torfejo; tie
+&#285;i trovas nenion kun kio &#285;i povus petoli; tiam &#285;i
+atakas pluvnubon kiu &#309;us volis ekpluvi&mdash;pu&#349;egas en
+&#285;ian flankon, &#285;is &#285;i tuj disflugas. Jen la blovulo
+venas en la arbaron kaj furiozas inter la arboj, kiuj &#285;emas
+kaj krakas. Ankora&#365; salton, kaj nun &#285;i estas &#265;e la
+lerneja domo, kiu staras ka&#349;ite en arbeta&#309;oj inter la
+du vila&#285;oj. Ho, kiel &#285;i &#285;ojkriegas ekvidante la
+malnovan kadukan domon! Tie &#265;i mi devas eni&#285;i! Per
+&#265;iuj pordoj &#285;i bruegas kaj skuas ilin, provante
+malfermegi ilin. Sed vane. E&#265; ne la lignan kovrilon de la
+truo en la frontono &#285;i povas de&#349;iri, kvankam la
+rusti&#285;intaj hokoj preska&#365; ne plu povas teni &#285;in.
+Sed almena&#365; &#285;i klakas kaj frapegas per &#285;i tiom, ke
+la edzino de la instruisto veki&#285;as.</p>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Heinrich
+Bandlow.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Nordo</i>, north; <i>kirli</i>, to whisk, to
+twirl; <i>konscii</i>, to be conscious; <i>opinii</i>, to be of
+opinion; <i>torfo</i>, peat; <i>petoli</i>, to play, tease;
+<i>furiozi</i>, to rage; <i>&#285;emi</i>, to groan;
+<i>kraki</i>, to crack, crackle; <i>kaduka</i>, decayed, infirm;
+<i>skui</i>, to shake; <i>vane</i>, in vain; <i>frontono</i>,
+gable, fronton; <i>rusti</i>, to rust; <i>hoko</i>, hook;
+<i>klaki</i>, to clack, clap.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================128.png============================ -->
+<center><b>EN PIRIN.</b></center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Bulgaraj Rakontoj</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">Klime perdis la vojon, la blovegoj estis
+kovrintaj &#265;ion: valojn, montetojn, vojojn, kampojn. Li
+eliris hiera&#365; &#265;e bona vetero el la vila&#285;o, kaj nun
+?... Dum tutaj horoj li vagadis en Pirin-monto kaj li ne scias,
+kie li trovi&#285;as, kien li iras, kion li renkontos. Li
+komprenis nur unu: ke malproksime, malproksime li estas de sia
+vila&#285;o, en nekonataj montaj dezertoj, en la regno de
+l'sova&#285;aj bestoj kaj de la pereo...</div>
+
+<!-- =============================129.png============================ -->
+<div class="indented">Subite li ekvidis tra la krepusko multajn
+nigrajn ombrojn, kiuj iris senbrue sur la ne&#285;o. Kio estas
+tio &#265;i? &#264;u lupoj? Ili estas tuta aro kaj venas de la
+dekstra flanko; ili bojas... Li ekkuregas. La malsata aro rapide
+lin sekvas kun sova&#285;aj bojoj... Kiom da tempo li kuris, li
+ne memoras... Anta&#365; li &#265;iam nuda&#309;o, &#265;iam
+dezerto, &#265;iam ne&#285;a kampo. Subite Klime vidas, ke
+anta&#365;e ekmovi&#285;as io, lumaj punktoj brilas kaj lin
+renkontas: la bestaro elsendis kelkajn lupojn por fermi lian
+iradon... Klime vidis teruran, neeviteblan morton... Tiam li ree
+ekkuregis kiel frenezulo maldekstren, al nova direkto, sur ia
+kruta&#309;o malsupren, kaj post li la lupoj... Li dufoje
+impliki&#285;is je sia skarpo, kiu trenis, kaj li ekfalis.
+Trovi&#285;inte en la valo, Klime &#285;oje vidis, ke li eniras
+en ian vila&#285;on... Kia &#285;i estas, &#265;u pomaka, &#265;u
+kristana,&mdash;li ne pensas, &#265;ar la luparo lin persekutas
+e&#265; tien &#265;i. &#284;i iras post liaj kalkanoj... Li
+en&#349;ovi&#285;is en ian pordegon, kiun, ver&#349;ajne, la
+ventego malfermis, kaj li alkuris al la fenestro, kiu lumis. Kaj
+la lupoj anka&#365; kuras post li. Klime &#349;ovis
+mal&#285;entile la pordon kaj eniris en nekonatan domon. Li
+ek&#285;emis: li vidis bulgaran, kristanan domon, kaj la
+sanktfigurujon, kaj anta&#365; &#285;i la sanktlampeton...la
+flamo malklare briletis kaj estingi&#285;is ankora&#365;. El la
+krepusko eliris iaj homoj. Li &#265;irka&#365;rigardis mirege.
+Kie li trovi&#285;as?</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Subite Klime ekscias, ke li estas en sia
+hejmo.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">La &#264;iopovanto estis direktinta liajn
+vagadojn al lia vila&#285;o, al lia domo, kiam li pensis, ke li
+iras en tute malsaman direkton.</div>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ivan
+Min&#265;ev.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center">[Footnote: "Pomako" estas bulgaro
+fari&#285;inta mahometano.]</p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Klime</i>, man's name; <i>blovego</i>,
+storm; <i>valo</i>, valley; <i>sova&#285;a</i>, wild;
+<i>krepusko</i>, twilight; <i>boji</i>, to bark; <i>nuda</i>,
+bare; <i>punkto</i>, point; <i>eviti</i>, to avoid;
+<i>freneza</i>, crazy; <i>impliki</i>, to entangle;
+<i>skarpo</i>, scarf; <i>persekuti</i>, to follow in order to
+harm; <i>&#349;ovi</i>, to shove, push; <i>ver&#349;ajne</i>,
+apparently; <i>estingi</i>, to extinguish.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>SOMERA PLUVADO.</b></center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Prozo el Danaj-Norvegaj
+A&#365;toroj</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">Estis premante varmege, la aero vibris pro
+varmo, kaj krom tio estis tiel kvieta, nenio alia sin movis, ol
+la kokcineloj tie sur la urtikoj, kaj kelke da velkitaj folioj,
+kiuj ku&#349;is sur la herbo kaj kurbigis sin kun etaj ekmovoj,
+kvaza&#365; kuntiritaj de la sunaj radioj.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Kaj tiu homo sub la kverko, li ku&#349;is
+spiregante kaj melankolie, senespere li rigardis supren al la
+&#265;ielo. Li kantetis iom, kaj cedis, fajfis per la bu&#349;o
+kaj cedis anka&#365; je tio, turnis kaj returnis sin, rigardis
+malnovan talpan teralta&#309;eton, kiu tute helgrizi&#285;is pro
+sekeco. Subite eta, ronda, nigra makulo vidi&#285;is sur la griza
+tero, ankora&#365; unu, du, tri, kvar, multaj, ankora&#365;
+pliaj, la tuta alta&#309;eto fari&#285;is malhelgriza. La aero
+estas nur longaj, malhelaj strekoj, la folioj klini&#285;is kaj
+balanci&#285;is, sibleto, plila&#365;ti&#285;ante &#285;is
+siblego, sonis,&mdash;akvo fluegis teren.</div>
+
+<!-- =============================130.png============================ -->
+<div class="indented">&#264;io briletis, fajretis, kraketis.
+Folioj, bran&#265;oj, trunkoj, &#265;io brilis de akva&#309;o,
+&#265;iu guteto falanta teren, herben, &#349;tonen, &#265;ien,
+disrompi&#285;is kaj dis&#349;prucis en milojn da etaj perloj.
+Malgrandaj gutoj pendis tie iom da tempo kaj fari&#285;is grandaj
+gutoj, malsuprenfalis tien &#265;i, unui&#285;is kun aliaj gutoj,
+formis fluetojn, malaperis en sulketojn, enfluis grandajn truojn
+kaj elfluis malgrandajn, forkondukis polvon, ligna&#309;etojn kaj
+foliopecojn, fiksi&#285;is sur rifojn kaj denove liberi&#285;is,
+turni&#285;is kaj ree surrifi&#285;is. Foliojn, ne estintajn kune
+de la tempo, kiam ili estis bur&#285;onoj, kolektis la
+akva&#309;o; musko, neniigita de sekeco, ek&#349;velis kaj
+fari&#285;is mola, &#265;ifa, verda kaj sukplena; kaj &#349;imo
+kiu preska&#365; fari&#285;is polvo, disvasti&#285;is en graciaj
+makuloj, kun brilo kiel silko. La konvolvoloj lasis plenigi siajn
+blankajn kalikojn &#285;is la rando, interpu&#349;is ilin kaj
+ver&#349;is la akvon sur la kapojn de l' urtikoj. La dikaj,
+nigraj arbarlimakoj afablege rampis anta&#365;en kaj rigardis
+danke la &#265;ielon.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Kaj la homo? La nudkapa homo staris meze en
+la pluvo, lasante la gutojn sibli en harojn, brovojn okulojn,
+nazon, bu&#349;on, kraketis per la fingroj je la pluvo, iom levis
+iafoje la piedojn, kvaza&#365; li intencis danci, ekskuis iam kaj
+iam sian kapon, kiam tro multe da akvo estis en la haroj,
+plengor&#285;e kantis senpripensante tion, kion li kantis, tiel
+plene la pluvado lin okupis.</div>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">J. P.
+Jakobsen.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Vibri</i>, to vibrate; <i>kokcinelo</i>,
+ladybird; <i>urtiko</i>, nettle; <i>velki</i>, to wither;
+<i>fajfi</i>, to whistle; <i>talpo</i>, mole; <i>streko</i>,
+streak; <i>klini</i>, bend; <i>sibli</i>, to hiss;
+<i>&#349;pruci</i>, to spurt, to gush; <i>sulko</i>, furrow;
+<i>truo</i>, hole; <i>rifo</i>, reef; <i>bur&#285;ono</i>, bud;
+<i>musko</i>, moss; <i>&#349;veli</i>, to swell;
+<i>&#265;ifi</i>, to crinkle, crumple; <i>&#349;imo</i>, mildew,
+mould; <i>gracia</i>, graceful; <i>konvolvolo</i>, convolvulus;
+<i>kaliko</i>, chalice, calyx; <i>limako</i>, slug; <i>brovo</i>,
+brow; <i>nuda</i>, bare.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>KION NE KOMPRENAS LA HIRUNDOJ KAJ
+PAPILIOJ.</b></center>
+
+<p align="right">El <i>Pola Antologio.</i></p>
+
+<div class="indented">... Iom pli malproksime ku&#349;is flava
+grenkampo. Malalta barilo apartigis &#285;in de l'
+konstrua&#309;oj kaj de l' malgranda placeto anta&#365;
+ili.</div>
+
+<!-- =============================131.png============================ -->
+<div class="indented">La barilo formis angulon kaj en la loko,
+kie kuni&#285;is du &#285;iaj oblikvaj duonoj, &#285;i havis
+pordegon, altan, lar&#285;an kaj en tiu momento tute
+malfermitan.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Ni proksimi&#285;is al la malalta barilo.
+Anjo ne havis ankora&#365; sufi&#265;e da tempo por apogi al
+&#285;i sian ombrelon kaj jam en la flava domo oni malfermis la
+pordon kaj viro stari&#285;is &#265;e la sojlo kaj la&#365;te
+demandis:</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash;&#264;u vi iras eksterlandon?</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Ni komprenis. La barilo, malzorge
+konstruita el kurbaj bastonoj, estis io pli grava, ol limo de
+kampara propra&#309;o...</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&#264;i tiu barilo apartigis du naciojn, du
+landojn, du civilizaciojn.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">La sekalo, kreskanta post &#285;i, estis
+jam germana sekalo; la cejanoj, kiuj, kiel bluaj lumetoj,
+bruletis inter la spikoj, estis jam germanaj cejanoj.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Germana estis e&#265; la vento, fluganta de
+tie kune kun la miela odoro de l'konvolvoloj...</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Kompreneble, Anjo devis rifuzi al si la
+ri&#265;igon de sia bukedo per germanaj floroj kaj &#349;i tuj
+sciigis pri &#285;i la la&#365;te demandantan viron.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Li rei&#285;is domon trankvili&#285;inta,
+sed sendube dek kelkaj paroj da viglaj, kvankam nevideblaj okuloj
+observis &#265;iujn niajn movojn.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Kun stranga sento ni komencis rigardi
+&#265;irka&#365;e.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash;Kial?&mdash;demandis Anjo,
+lar&#285;e malfermante la okulojn&mdash;sekve la spiko, kiu
+elkreskis tie &#265;i el grajno alportita de tie de la vento,
+estas nia, sed milionoj da aliaj spikoj, &#285;iaj fratoj, estas
+fremdaj nur tial, ke ili kreskas unu pa&#349;on pli
+malproksime?</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Mi penis klarigi al &#349;i, ke tio &#265;i
+estas tute natura, e&#265; necesega.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash;Por kiu?</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Anstata&#365; respondo mi levis la
+&#349;ultrojn.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Okupataj de la penso pri la divido, ni
+turnis la okulojn al la &#265;ielo, ser&#265;ante anka&#365; sur
+&#285;i liman linion.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Sed la &#265;ielo estis nur unu,
+nedividita.</div>
+
+<!-- =============================132.png============================ -->
+<div class="indented">Ni rigardis la sunon.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Anka&#365; la suno estis nur unu,
+nedividita.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">En la sama momento papilio, kiu sidis
+proksime de ni sur la barilo kaj jen etendis, jen altiris siajn
+ru&#285;ajn flugiletojn kun ar&#285;enta suba&#309;o, rapide
+levi&#285;is kaj transflugis al la germana flanko.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&#284;i longe flirtis tie super la
+balanci&#285;antaj spikoj kaj trovinte amikon a&#365; amikinon
+ankora&#365; pli trankvile revenis.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Samtempe kelke da hirundoj,
+anta&#365;sentante proksimi&#285;on de fulmotondro, komencis kun
+la&#365;ta pepado rondflugi malproksimen kaj senpune trans la
+limon...</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash; Vi vidas!&mdash;ekkriis Anjo kun
+infana triumfo.&mdash; La hirundoj kaj papilioj no konsentas la
+"necesecon," pri kiu vi tiel sage parolis.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&#264;i tiuj senkonsideraj vortoj
+mal&#285;ojigis min.</div>
+
+<div class="indented">&mdash; Ah, Anjo, Anjo!&mdash;diris mi
+ripro&#265;e,&mdash;&#265;u vi forgesis, ke la homo estas pli
+sa&#285;a kreita&#309;o, ol la flirtemaj birdoj kaj papilioj
+senpripensaj?...</div>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Wiktor
+Gomulicki.</span></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Greno</i>, corn; <i>placo</i>, place,
+square; <i>apogi</i>, to lean on; <i>ombrelo</i>, umbrella,
+parasol; <i>sojlo</i>, threshold; <i>la&#365;ta</i>, loud;
+<i>sekalo</i>, rye; <i>cejano</i>, corn bluebottle; <i>mielo</i>,
+honey; <i>bukedo</i>, bouquet; <i>paro</i>, pair; <i>spiko</i>,
+ear of corn; <i>linio</i>, line; <i>papilio</i>, butterfly;
+<i>flirti</i>, flutter, wave; <i>fulmo</i>, lightning;
+<i>tondro</i>, thunder; <i>pepi</i>, to chirp.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b>PRINTEMPO VENOS</b>.</center>
+
+<center>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td nowrap>Se la naturo rigidi&#285;as<br>
+ De prem' de l' vintro frostiganta,<br>
+ Se tute per la ne&#285;' kovri&#285;as<br>
+ Je longe tero ekdormanta,<br>
+ Amiko kara! vi ne ploru:<br>
+ Printempo venos kaj somero,<br>
+ Ke la naturo ree floru,<br>
+ Ke verdu, revivi&#285;u tero.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">A.
+Naumann.</span></p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================133.png============================ -->
+<center><b>LA VOJO</b>.</center>
+
+<center>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td nowrap>
+<p>Tra densa mallumo briletas la celo,<br>
+ Al kiu kura&#285;e ni iras.<br>
+ Simile al stelo en nokta &#265;ielo,<br>
+ Al ni la direkton &#285;i diras.<br>
+ Kaj nin ne timigas la noktaj fantomoj<br>
+ Nek batoj de l' sorto, nek mokoj de l' homoj<br>
+ &#264;ar klara kaj rekta kaj tre difinita<br>
+ &#284;i estas, la voj' elektita.</p>
+
+<p>Nur rekte, kura&#285;e, kaj ne flanki&#285;ante<br>
+ Ni iru la vojon celitan!<br>
+ E&#265; guto malgranda, konstante frapante,<br>
+ Traboras la monton granitan.<br>
+ <i>L' espero, l' obstino</i>, kaj <i>la pacienco</i>&mdash;<br>
+ Jen estas la signoj, per kies potenco<br>
+ Ni pa&#349;o post pa&#349;o, post longa laboro,<br>
+ Atingos la celon en gloro.</p>
+
+<p>Ni semas kaj semas, neniam laci&#285;as,<br>
+ Pri l' tempoj estontaj pensante.<br>
+ Cent semoj perdi&#285;as, mil semoj perdi&#285;as,&mdash;<br>
+ Ni semas kaj semas konstante.<br>
+ "Ho, &#265;esu!" mokante la homoj admonas,&mdash;<br>
+ "Ne &#265;esu, ne &#265;esu!" en kor' al ni sonas:<br>
+ "Obstine anta&#365;en! La nepoj vin benos,<br>
+ Se vi pacience eltenos."</p>
+
+<p>Se longa sekeco a&#365; ventoj subitaj<br>
+ Velkantajn foliojn de&#349;iras,<br>
+ Ni dankas la venton, kaj, repurigitaj,<br>
+ Ni forton pli fre&#349;an akiras.<br>
+ Ne mortos jam nia bravega anaro,<br>
+ &#284;in jam ne timigas la vento, nek staro,<br>
+ Obstine &#285;i pa&#349;as, provita, hardita,<br>
+ Al cel' unu fojon signita!</p>
+
+<!-- =============================134.png============================ -->
+<p>Nur rekte, kura&#285;e kaj ne flanki&#285;ante<br>
+ Ni iru la vojon celitan!<br>
+ E&#265; guto malgranda, konstante frapante,<br>
+ Traboras la monton granitan.<br>
+ L' espero, l' obstino, kaj la pacienco&mdash;<br>
+ Jen estas la signoj, per kies potenco<br>
+ Ni pa&#349;o post pa&#349;o, post longa laboro,<br>
+ Atingos la celon en gloro.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+<p align="right"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">L.
+Zamenhof</span>, <i>el "Fundamenta Krestomatio."</i></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Celo</i>, aim; <i>simile</i>, like;
+<i>fantomo</i>, phantom, apparition; <i>sorto</i>, fate;
+<i>moko</i>, mockery; <i>elekti</i>, to choose; <i>flanko</i>,
+side; <i>guto</i>, drop; <i>frapi</i>, to strike; <i>bori</i>, to
+bore; <i>signo</i>, sign; <i>atingi</i>, to attain; <i>laca</i>,
+weary; <i>semo</i>, seed; <i>&#265;esi</i>, to cease;
+<i>admoni</i>, to exhort; <i>koro</i>, heart; <i>vento</i>, wind;
+<i>subita</i>, sudden; <i>velki</i>, to wither;
+<i>de&#349;iri</i>, to tear from, pluck off; <i>akiri</i>, to
+acquire; <i>provi</i>, to make trial of; <i>hardi</i>, to
+harden.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<center><b><big>EL LA PAROLO DE D-RO. L. L.
+ZAMENHOF.</big></b><br>
+ <b>EN LA GUILDHALL, URBO LONDONO,</b><br>
+ <b>La 2lan de A&#365;gusto, 1907.</b></center>
+
+<div class="indented">. . . La dua kulpigo, kiun ni ofte devas
+a&#365;di, estas tio, ke ni esperantistoj estas malbonaj
+patriotoj. &#264;ar tiuj esperantistoj, kiuj traktas la
+esperantismon kiel ideon, predikas reciprokan justecon kaj
+fratecon inter la popoloj kaj &#265;ar la&#365; la opinio de la
+gentaj &#349;ovinistoj patriotismo konsistas en malamo
+kontra&#365; &#265;io, kio ne estas nia, tial ni la&#365; ilia
+opinio estas malbonaj patriotoj, kaj ili diras, ke la
+esperantistoj ne amas sian patrujon. Kontra&#365; tiu &#265;i
+mensoga, malnobla kaj kalumnia kulpigo ni protestas plej energie,
+ni protestas per &#265;iuj fibroj de nia koro! . . .</div>
+
+<!-- =============================135.png============================ -->
+<div class="indented">Vi staras nun anta&#365; miaj okuloj, mia
+kara Litovujo, mia malfeli&#265;a patrujo, kiun mi neniam povas
+forgesi, kvankam mi forlasis vin kiel juna knabo. Vi, kiun mi
+ofte vidas en miaj son&#285;oj, vi, kiun nenia alia parto de la
+tero iam povos anstata&#365;i en mia koro, vi atestu, kiu vin pli
+multe, pli kore kaj pli sincere amas: &#265;u mi, idea
+esperantisto, kiu revis pri frateco inter &#265;iuj viaj
+lo&#285;antoj, kvankam mi devis beda&#365;rinde forlasi vin,
+simile al multaj centoj da miloj da aliaj viaj
+filoj&mdash;a&#365; &#265;u tiuj personoj, kiuj deziras, ke vi
+apartenu nur al ili, kaj &#265;iuj aliaj viaj filoj estu
+rigardataj kiel fremduloj a&#365; sklavoj! Ho patriotismo,
+patriotismo, kiam fine la homoj lernos kompreni &#285;uste vian
+sencon! Kiam via sankta nomo &#265;esos esti armilo en la manoj
+de diversaj malhonestuloj! Kiam fine &#265;iu homo ricevos la
+rajton kaj la eblon alglui&#285;i per sia tuta koro al tiu peco
+da tero, kiu lin naskis!</div>
+
+<div class="indented">Longe da&#365;ros ankora&#365; malluma
+nokto sur la tero, sed ne eterne &#285;i da&#365;ros. Venos iam
+la tempo, kiam la homoj &#265;esos esti lupoj unuj kontra&#365;
+aliaj. Anstata&#365; konstante batali inter si, el&#349;iri la
+patrujon unuj al la aliaj, perforte altrudi al si reciproke siajn
+lingvojn kaj morojn, ili vivos inter si pace kaj frate, en plena
+interkonsento ili laboros sur la tero, sur kiu ili vivas, kaj
+kontra&#365; tiuj krudaj fortoj de la naturo, kiuj ilin
+&#265;iujn egale atakas. Kaj kune kaj interkonsente ili celados
+&#265;iuj al unu vero, al unu feli&#265;o. Kaj se iam venos tiu
+feli&#265;a tempo, &#285;i estos la frukto de konstanta kaj
+senlaca laborado de tiuj homoj, kiujn vi vidas nun en &#265;i tiu
+&#265;ambrego kaj kies nomo, ankora&#365; tre malmulte konata kaj
+tre malmulte &#349;atata, estas "esperantistoj."</div>
+
+<p align="right"><i>El "The British Esperantist."</i></p>
+
+<p align="center"><i>Kulpo</i>, fault; <i>trakti</i>, to treat;
+<i>prediki</i>, to preach; <i>gento</i>, tribe, race;
+<i>&#349;ovinisto</i>, Chauvinist; <i>Litovujo</i>, Lithuania;
+<i>sen&#285;o</i>, dream; <i>atesti</i>, to bear witness;
+<i>revi</i>, to imagine, dream; <i>beda&#365;ri</i>, to regret;
+<i>sklavo</i>, slave; <i>senco</i>, meaning; <i>rajto</i>, right;
+<i>alglui</i>, to glue to, stick to, attach; <i>lupo</i>, wolf;
+<i>trudi</i>, to obtrude; <i>moro</i>, manners, custom;
+<i>paco</i>, peace; <i>konsenti</i>, to agree; <i>kruda</i>,
+crude, rough, raw; <i>frukto</i>, fruit; <i>&#349;ati</i>, to
+prize, appreciate, like.</p>
+
+<hr align="center" width="38%">
+<!-- =============================136.png============================ -->
+<center><b>FOREWORD TO SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY.</b></center>
+
+<p>As this Vocabulary is intended for those who have worked
+through the preceding lessons, it is not a full vocabulary, but
+only supplementary to those already given, and the words
+contained in those are, as a rule, not repeated here.</p>
+
+<p>In order to get in as many root words as possible, derived
+words and the second word of a pair (<i>e.g.</i>, male or female,
+opposites, the action and the tool, the animal and its young,
+etc.) are generally omitted; the simple word or one of the pair
+being found, the other word is to be formed from it by means of
+the proper word-ending, prefix or suffix.</p>
+
+<p>In English there are often several words to express the same
+or nearly the same meaning. Want of space prevents these being
+all included; the most important or most commonly used word has
+therefore been chosen; for instance, <i>mercury</i>,
+<i>tranquil</i>, <i>diaphanous</i>, <i>suffocate</i>,
+<i>salve</i>, <i>renown</i>, <i>fiddle</i>, are not to be found,
+but <i>quicksilver</i>, <i>calm</i>, <i>translucent</i>,
+<i>smother</i>, <i>ointment</i>, <i>fame</i>, <i>violin</i>, are
+there.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================137.png============================ -->
+<p>A most valuable help to the student is a good <i>English</i>
+dictionary, and if this gives the derivation of the words, the
+interest of the study is greatly increased. The difficulty often
+is, not to find the right Esperanto word, but to know exactly
+what the English word or phrase means. It is the experience of
+most Esperantists that in learning Esperanto their knowledge of
+their own language has become much more thorough. [Footnote: A
+remark made by a student during one lesson was "Well, if we don't
+learn Esperanto, we shall learn English."] For this reason and
+also that this language cannot be learned simply as a matter of
+rote, but demands the exercise of the thinking and reasoning
+powers, [Footnote: To convince an opponent or a doubter of this,
+tell him that "utila" means "useful," and "mal" denotes the
+contrary; then ask what "malutila" means. The answer will almost
+certainly be "useless." Then show that the contrary of a good
+quality is not merely the absence of that quality, but is a bad
+quality, and therefore the contrary of "useful" is "harmful."]
+Esperanto ought to be taught in all schools.</p>
+
+<!-- =============================138.png============================ -->
+<center><b>VOCABULARY.</b></center>
+
+<center><b>A</b></center>
+
+<b>abbot,</b> abato.<br>
+<b>abdomen,</b> ventro.<br>
+<b>ability,</b> kapablo, povo, lerteco, talento.<br>
+<b>able (to be),</b> povi.<br>
+<b>abolish,</b> neniigi, forigi.<br>
+<b>abomination,</b> abomeno.<br>
+<b>abroad,</b> eksterlande.<br>
+<b>absent (to be),</b> foresti.<br>
+<b>absolve,</b> senkulpigi, senpekigi.<br>
+<b>absorb,</b> absorbi; sorbi.<br>
+<b>abstain,</b> deteni sin.<br>
+<b>abuse,</b> insult'i, -o; trouzi; malbonuzi.<br>
+<b>abyss,</b> abismo, profundega&#309;o.<br>
+<b>accent,</b> akcent'i, -o; supersigno.<br>
+<b>accept,</b> akcepti, alpreni.<br>
+<b>accident,</b> malfeli&#265;a&#309;o, okazo.<br>
+<b>account,</b> kalkulo; rakonto; konto. <b>on&mdash;of,</b>
+pro.<br>
+<b>accuse,</b> kulpigi, akuzi.<br>
+<b>ace,</b> aso.<br>
+<b>ache,</b> dolor'o, -i.<br>
+<b>acknowledge,</b> konfesi.<br>
+<b>acorn,</b> glano.<br>
+<b>acquaint,</b> sciigi.<br>
+<b>acquainted, become&mdash;with,</b> konati&#285;i kun.<br>
+<b>acquire,</b> akiri, atingi.<br>
+<b>acquit,</b> senkulpigi.<br>
+<b>acrid,</b> akra, morda, pika.<br>
+<b>act,</b> ag'i, -o; far'i, -o; le&#285;o; akto.<br>
+<b>action,</b> agado; (<i>law</i>) proceso.<br>
+<b>active,</b> agema, aktiva.<br>
+<b>actor,</b> aktoro.<br>
+<b>actual,</b> nuna, efektiva.<br>
+<b>adapt,</b> alfari.<br>
+<b>add,</b> aldoni, kunmeti, sumigi.<br>
+<b>address,</b> alparoli al; sin turni al; (<i>letters</i>)
+adresi.<br>
+<b>adhere,</b> ali&#285;i, alglui&#285;i al.<br>
+<b>adjourn,</b> prokrasti.<br>
+<b>admit,</b> allasi, konfesi.<br>
+<b>adopt,</b> alpreni, fil (-in) -igi.<br>
+<b>adore,</b> adori, amegi.<br>
+<b>adult,</b> plenkresk'a, plena&#285;'a.<br>
+<b>adulterate,</b> falsi.<br>
+<b>adultery,</b> adulto.<br>
+<b>advantage,</b> utilo, profito, bona&#309;o.<br>
+<b>advertise,</b> anonci, reklami.<br>
+<b>advice,</b> konsilo.<br>
+<b>affair,</b> afero.<br>
+<b>affected (to be),</b> afekti.<br>
+<b>affiliate,</b> ali&#285;i, filii&#285;i.<br>
+<b>afternoon,</b> posttagmezo.<br>
+<b>again,</b> re-, ree, denove.<br>
+<b>agenda,</b> tagordo, programo.<br>
+<b>agent,</b> agento.<br>
+<b>agile,</b> facilmova.<br>
+<b>agitate,</b> agiti.<br>
+<b>agony,</b> dolorego, (<i>death</i>&mdash;) agonio.<br>
+<b>agree,</b> konscnti, interkonsenti.<br>
+<!-- =============================139.png============================ -->
+<b>agreeable,</b> afabla, agrabla.<br>
+<b>agreement,</b> kontrakto, interkonsento.<br>
+<b>agriculture,</b> terkulturo.<br>
+<b>aim,</b> cel'o, -i.<br>
+<b>air,</b> aero, aerumi; mieno; ario.<br>
+<b>aisle,</b> flanka&#309;o.<br>
+<b>alarm,</b> maltrankviligi; alarmo.<br>
+<b>alder,</b> alno.<br>
+<b>alert,</b> vigla.<br>
+<b>alien,</b> alilandulo, eksterlandulo.<br>
+<b>alike,</b> simila, egala.<br>
+<b>alive,</b> vivanta, viva.<br>
+<b>alleviate,</b> plidol&#265;igi, malpliigi.<br>
+<b>allow,</b> permesi.<br>
+<b>allowance,</b> porcio; (a/c) rabato; dekalkulo.<br>
+<b>allude,</b> aludi.<br>
+<b>almanac,</b> almanako, kalendaro.<br>
+<b>almighty,</b> &#265;iopova.<br>
+<b>almond,</b> migdalo.<br>
+<b>alms,</b> almozo.<br>
+<b>alone,</b> sola.<br>
+<b>along,</b> la&#365;longe.<br>
+<b>aloud,</b> la&#365;te, vo&#265;e.<br>
+<b>alternate,</b> alterni.<br>
+<b>amazement,</b> mirego.<br>
+<b>amber,</b> sukceno.<br>
+<b>ambition,</b> ambicio.<br>
+<b>ambush,</b> embusko.<br>
+<b>amiable,</b> afabla, aminda.<br>
+<b>amputate,</b> detran&#265;i, amputi.<br>
+<b>amuse,</b> amuzi.<br>
+<b>anarchy,</b> anar&#293;io.<br>
+<b>ancestors,</b> praavoj, prapatroj.<br>
+<b>ancient,</b> antikva.<br>
+<b>anecdote,</b> anekdoto.<br>
+<b>angel,</b> an&#285;elo.<br>
+<b>angle,</b> angulo; fi&#349;i.<br>
+<b>animal,</b> besto.<br>
+<b>ankle,</b> maleolo.<br>
+<b>anniversary,</b> datreveno.<br>
+<b>announce,</b> anonci.<br>
+<b>annoy,</b> &#265;agreni, &#285;eni.<br>
+<b>annual,</b> &#265;iujara.<br>
+<b>annul,</b> nuligi.<br>
+<b>anoint,</b> sanktolei, &#349;miri.<br>
+<b>anonymous,</b> anonima, sennoma<br>
+<b>ant,</b> formiko.<br>
+<b>anthem,</b> antemo.<br>
+<b>anvil,</b> amboso.<br>
+<b>anxious,</b> maltrankvila.<br>
+<b>apathetic,</b> apatia.<br>
+<b>aperture,</b> malferma&#309;o, aperturo.<br>
+<b>apologise,</b> peti pardonon.<br>
+<b>apparatus,</b> aparato.<br>
+<b>appeal,</b> alvoki; (law) apelacio.<br>
+<b>appear,</b> aperi; &#349;ajni.<br>
+<b>appearance,</b> vidi&#285;o; &#349;ajno, mieno.<br>
+<b>appetite,</b> apetito.<br>
+<b>applaud,</b> apla&#365;di.<br>
+<b>apply,</b> almeti; sin turni al.<br>
+<b>appoint,</b> nomi, difini.<br>
+<b>appreciate,</b> &#349;ati.<br>
+<b>approach,</b> alproksimi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>approve,</b> aprobi.<br>
+<b>apricot,</b> abrikoto.<br>
+<b>apron,</b> anta&#365;tuko.<br>
+<b>arable,</b> plugebla, semota&#365;ga.<br>
+<b>arbitrary,</b> arbitra.<br>
+<b>arbitration,</b> arbitracio.<br>
+<b>arbour,</b> la&#365;bo.<br>
+<b>arch,</b> arko; arkefleksi.<br>
+<b>argue,</b> argumenti.<br>
+<b>arithmetic,</b> aritmetiko.<br>
+<b>arm,</b> brako, <b>-pit,</b> akselo; armi.<br>
+<b>arms,</b> armiloj, bataliloj.<br>
+<b>aroma,</b> aromo.<br>
+<b>arouse,</b> veki.<br>
+<b>arrange,</b> aran&#285;i.<br>
+<b>arrest,</b> aresti.<br>
+<b>arrive,</b> alveni.<br>
+<b>arrogant,</b> aroganta<br>
+<b>arrow,</b> sago.<br>
+<b>art,</b> arto.<br>
+<b>artery,</b> arterio.<br>
+<b>artful,</b> ruza.<br>
+<!-- =============================140.png============================ -->
+<b>artichoke,</b> arti&#349;oko.<br>
+<b>article,</b> artikolo, komerca&#309;o.<br>
+<b>artificial,</b> artefarita, arta.<br>
+<b>artifice,</b> artifiko.<br>
+<b>artisan,</b> metiisto.<br>
+<b>artist,</b> artisto.<br>
+<b>ascertain,</b> konstati.<br>
+<b>ash,</b> cindro, (<i>tree</i>) frakseno.<br>
+<b>ask,</b> demandi. <b>-for,</b> peti.<br>
+<b>asparagus,</b> asparago.<br>
+<b>aspect,</b> aspekto, vidi&#285;o, fazo.<br>
+<b>aspen,</b> tremolo.<br>
+<b>ass,</b> azeno.<br>
+<b>assemble,</b> kunveni, kunvoki.<br>
+<b>assert,</b> aserti, konstati.<br>
+<b>assign,</b> asigni.<br>
+<b>assure,</b> certigi; asekuri.<br>
+<b>astonish,</b> mirigi. (<b>to be -ed</b>), miri.<br>
+<b>astringent,</b> adstringa.<br>
+<b>astute,</b> sagaca.<br>
+<b>asylum,</b> rifu&#285;ejo, azilo.<br>
+<b>athletic,</b> atleta.<br>
+<b>atmosphere,</b> atmosfero.<br>
+<b>atom,</b> atomo.<br>
+<b>attach,</b> alligi, kunigi.<br>
+<b>attain,</b> atingi, trafi.<br>
+<b>attempt,</b> provi; (<i>criminal</i>) atenco.<br>
+<b>attention,</b> atento, (<i>pay</i>&mdash;) atenti.<br>
+<b>attitude,</b> sintenado.<br>
+<b>attract,</b> altiri, logi.<br>
+<b>auction,</b> a&#365;kcio.<br>
+<b>audit,</b> kontkontroli.<br>
+<b>author,</b> a&#365;toro.<br>
+<b>authority,</b> rajto, a&#365;toritato.<br>
+<b>avalanche,</b> lavango.<br>
+<b>avaricious,</b> avara.<br>
+<b>avenue,</b> aleo.<br>
+<b>average,</b> meznombro, mezakvanto.<br>
+<b>avert,</b> deturni.<br>
+<b>avoid,</b> eviti.<br>
+<b>award,</b> al&#309;u&#285;i<br>
+<b>axis,</b> akso.<br>
+<b>axle,</b> akso.<br>
+<b>azure,</b> lazuro.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>B</b></center>
+
+<b>baboon,</b> paviano.<br>
+<b>baby,</b> infaneto.<br>
+<b>bachelor,</b> fra&#365;lo.<br>
+<b>back,</b> dorso, posta flanko.<br>
+<b>backbone,</b> spino.<br>
+<b>bacon,</b> lardo.<br>
+<b>bag,</b> sako.<br>
+<b>bait,</b> alloga&#309;o.<br>
+<b>bake,</b> baki.<br>
+<b>balance,</b> ekvilibri; (<i>of account</i>) resta&#309;o.
+<b>-sheet,</b> bilanco.<br>
+<b>balcony,</b> balkono.<br>
+<b>ball,</b> (<i>play</i>) pilko, (<i>cannon</i>) kuglo,
+(<i>dance</i>) balo.<br>
+<b>balloon,</b> aerostato.<br>
+<b>ballot,</b> baloti, -o.<br>
+<b>balsam,</b> balzamo.<br>
+<b>band,</b> ligilo; bando; orkestro.<br>
+<b>bandage,</b> banda&#285;i.<br>
+<b>banish,</b> ekzili.<br>
+<b>bank,</b> (<i>money</i>) banko; bordodigo.<br>
+<b>banker,</b> bankiero.<br>
+<b>bankrupt,</b> bankroto.<br>
+<b>banner,</b> flago, standardo.<br>
+<b>banquet,</b> festeno.<br>
+<b>baptism,</b> bapto.<br>
+<b>bar,</b> bar'i, -ilo; bufedo.<br>
+<b>barbarian,</b> barbaro.<br>
+<b>barber,</b> barbiro.<br>
+<b>bare,</b> nuda.<br>
+<b>bargain,</b> mar&#265;andi.<br>
+<b>bark,</b> boji; &#349;elo.<br>
+<b>barley,</b> hordeo.<br>
+<b>barrel,</b> barelo. <b>-organ,</b> gurdo.<br>
+<b>barrister,</b> advokato.<br>
+<b>base,</b> bazo; fundamento; malnobla.<br>
+<b>basin,</b> pelvo, kuvo.<br>
+<!-- =============================141.png============================ -->
+<b>basket,</b> korbo.<br>
+<b>bat,</b> vesperto; batilo.<br>
+<b>bath,</b> bano, bankuvo.<br>
+<b>bathe,</b> sin bani.<br>
+<b>beam,</b> radio, trabo, vekto.<br>
+<b>bean,</b> fabo, fazeolo.<br>
+<b>bear,</b> urso; porti; subteni<br>
+<b>beard,</b> barbo.<br>
+<b>beat,</b> bati, vergi, vipi, venki.<br>
+<b>beautiful,</b> bela.<br>
+<b>beaver,</b> kastoro.<br>
+<b>because,</b> &#265;ar, tial ke, pro tio ke.<br>
+<b>bed,</b> lito, ku&#349;ejo, fluejo, florbedo.<br>
+<b>bee,</b> abelo.<br>
+<b>beech,</b> fago.<br>
+<b>beer,</b> biero.<br>
+<b>beet,</b> beto.<br>
+<b>beetle,</b> skarabo, blato.<br>
+<b>beg,</b> peti, almozpeti.<br>
+<b>begin,</b> komenci, ek-.<br>
+<b>behave,</b> konduti.<br>
+<b>behold,</b> rigardi; jen!<br>
+<b>bell,</b> sonorilo.<br>
+<b>below,</b> sube, malsupre.<br>
+<b>belt,</b> zono.<br>
+<b>bench,</b> benko; (<i>joiner's</i>) stablo.<br>
+<b>bend,</b> fleks'i, -i&#285;i; klin'i, -i&#285;i.<br>
+<b>bent,</b> kurb'a, -igita.<br>
+<b>bequeath,</b> testamenti.<br>
+<b>berry,</b> bero.<br>
+<b>besiege,</b> sie&#285;i.<br>
+<b>bet,</b> veti.<br>
+<b>betray,</b> perfidi.<br>
+<b>betrothal,</b> fian&#265;' (-in-) i&#285;o.<br>
+<b>bewitch,</b> sor&#265;i.<br>
+<b>bilberry,</b> mirtelo.<br>
+<b>bile,</b> galo.<br>
+<b>bill,</b> kalkulo; kambio; afi&#349;o; beko.<br>
+<b>billiards,</b> bilardo<br>
+<b>bind,</b> ligi; (books) bindi; banda&#285;i. -<b>weed</b>,
+liano.<br>
+<b>birch,</b> betulo.<br>
+<b>birth,</b> naski&#285;o.<br>
+<b>biscuit,</b> biskvito.<br>
+<b>bishop,</b> episkopo.<br>
+<b>bit,</b> peco; enbu&#349;a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>bite,</b> mordi.<br>
+<b>bitter,</b> akra, maldol&#265;a.<br>
+<b>blackbird,</b> merlo.<br>
+<b>blacking,</b> ciro.<br>
+<b>bladder,</b> veziko.<br>
+<b>blade,</b> klingo; (<i>of grass</i>), folieto<br>
+<b>blaspheme,</b> blasfemi.<br>
+<b>bless,</b> beni.<br>
+<b>blind,</b> blinda. <b>window</b>-, rulkurteno.<br>
+<b>blond,</b> blonda.<br>
+<b>blood,</b> sango.<br>
+<b>blot,</b> makulo.<br>
+<b>blow,</b> blovi; bato, frapo.<br>
+<b>blouse,</b> bluzo.<br>
+<b>blue,</b> blua; -<b>bell</b>, hiacinto, kampanoleto.<br>
+<b>boa-constrictor,</b> boao.<br>
+<b>boast,</b> fanfaroni.<br>
+<b>boat,</b> boato.<br>
+<b>bobbin,</b> bobeno.<br>
+<b>body,</b> korpo.<br>
+<b>bog,</b> mar&#265;o.<br>
+<b>boil,</b> boli; absceso.<br>
+<b>bold,</b> kura&#285;a, sentima.<br>
+<b>bolt,</b> rigl'i, -ilo; bolto.<br>
+<b>bomb,</b> bombo.<br>
+<b>bombard,</b> bombardi.<br>
+<b>bond,</b> obligacio, garantia&#309;o<br>
+<b>bondage,</b> servuto, sklaveco.<br>
+<b>bone,</b> osto.<br>
+<b>bonnet,</b> &#265;apo.<br>
+<b>booth,</b> budo.<br>
+<b>border,</b> rand'o, -a&#309;o; borderi.<br>
+<b>bore,</b> bori; kalibro.<br>
+<b>born,</b> (<b>to be,</b>) naski&#285;i.<br>
+<b>borrow,</b> prunte preni.<br>
+<b>bosom,</b> brusto, sino.<br>
+<b>bottom,</b> fundo, malsupro.<br>
+<b>boundary,</b> limo.<br>
+<b>bouquet,</b> bukedo.<br>
+<b>bow,</b> saluti; kapklini; pafarko; ar&#265;o; banto.<br>
+<!-- =============================142.png============================ -->
+<b>bowels,</b> interna&#309;o, intestaro.<br>
+<b>bowl,</b> pelvo, kuvo.<br>
+<b>box,</b> kesto, skatolo; lo&#285;io; boksi; pugnobati.<br>
+<b>braces,</b> &#349;elko.<br>
+<b>brain,</b> cerbo.<br>
+<b>bran,</b> brano.<br>
+<b>branch,</b> bran&#265;o; filio.<br>
+<b>brass,</b> flava kupro, latuno.<br>
+<b>brave,</b> brava, kura&#285;a.<br>
+<b>breach,</b> bre&#265;o.<br>
+<b>break,</b> rompi, frakasi.<br>
+<b>breakfast,</b> matenman&#285;'i, -o.<br>
+<b>breast,</b> brusto, mamo.<br>
+<b>breathe,</b> spiri.<br>
+<b>bribe,</b> suba&#265;eti.<br>
+<b>brick,</b> briko.<br>
+<b>bridge,</b> ponto.<br>
+<b>bridle,</b> brido.<br>
+<b>bright,</b> hela, brila, gaja.<br>
+<b>bring,</b> alkonduki, alporti.<br>
+<b>broad,</b> lar&#285;a.<br>
+<b>broker,</b> makleristo, (<i>act as&mdash;</i>) makleri.<br>
+<b>brooch,</b> bro&#265;o.<br>
+<b>brood,</b> kovi, kovitaro.<br>
+<b>broth,</b> buljono.<br>
+<b>brown,</b> bruna.<br>
+<b>browse,</b> sin pa&#349;ti.<br>
+<b>bruise,</b> kontuzi; pisti.<br>
+<b>brush,</b> bros'o, -i; balailo; peniko.<br>
+<b>bucket,</b> sitelo.<br>
+<b>buckle,</b> buko.<br>
+<b>bud,</b> bur&#285;ono.<br>
+<b>budget,</b> bud&#285;eto.<br>
+<b>buffet,</b> (<i>restaurant</i>) bufedo.<br>
+<b>bug,</b> cimo.<br>
+<b>build,</b> konstrui.<br>
+<b>bullet,</b> kuglo.<br>
+<b>bullfinch,</b> pirolo.<br>
+<b>bunch,</b> fasketo, aro.<br>
+<b>bundle,</b> fasko.<br>
+<b>bungle,</b> fu&#349;i.<br>
+<b>burden,</b> surpezi, &#349;ar&#285;o.<br>
+<b>bureau,</b> oficejo, kontoro.<br>
+<b>burgess,</b> bur&#285;o.<br>
+<b>burn,</b> brul'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>burrow,</b> kavigi.<br>
+<b>burst,</b> krevi.<br>
+<b>bury,</b> enterigi, enfosi.<br>
+<b>business,</b> afero, okupo, negoco<br>
+<b>busy,</b> okupata, aferema.<br>
+<b>butcher,</b> bu&#265;'i, -isto.<br>
+<b>buttercup,</b> ranunkolo,<br>
+<b>butterfly,</b> papilio.<br>
+<b>buzz,</b> zumi.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>C</b></center>
+
+<b>cab,</b> fiakro; kabrioleto, dro&#349;ko.<br>
+<b>cabbage,</b> brasiko.<br>
+<b>cabin,</b> kajuto, kabano.<br>
+<b>cabinet,</b> &#265;ambreto, kabineto.<br>
+<b>cable,</b> &#349;nurego, kablo.<br>
+<b>cage,</b> ka&#285;o.<br>
+<b>calico,</b> kalikoto.<br>
+<b>calk,</b> kalfatri.<br>
+<b>call,</b> voki, (&mdash;<i>together</i>) kunvoki.<br>
+<b>callosity,</b> kalo.<br>
+<b>calm,</b> kvieta, trankvila.<br>
+<b>camel,</b> kamelo.<br>
+<b>camp,</b> tendaro.<br>
+<b>canary,</b> kanario.<br>
+<b>candid,</b> sincera, verdirema.<br>
+<b>candidate,</b> kandidato, aspiranto.<br>
+<b>cane,</b> kano; bastono; vergi.<br>
+<b>cannon,</b> kanono.<br>
+<b>canon,</b> kanoniko.<br>
+<b>canopy,</b> baldakeno.<br>
+<b>canvas,</b> kanvaso.<br>
+<b>cap,</b> &#265;apo, (<i>milit</i>.) kepo.<br>
+<b>capable,</b> kapabla, kompetenta.<br>
+<b>cape,</b> manteleto; promontoro, terkapo.<br>
+<b>capital,</b> &#265;efurbo; kapitalo; granda litero.<br>
+<!-- =============================143.png============================ -->
+<b>capitalist,</b> kapitalisto.<br>
+<b>capitulate,</b> kapitulaci.<br>
+<b>capsize,</b> renversi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>captain,</b> &#349;ipestro, kapitano.<br>
+<b>capture,</b> kapti.<br>
+<b>car,</b> veturilo, &#265;aro.<br>
+<b>card,</b> karto, <b>-board,</b> kartono.<br>
+<b>carnation,</b> dianto; flavroza.<br>
+<b>carp,</b> karpo; kritika&#309;i.<br>
+<b>carpenter,</b> &#265;arpentisto.<br>
+<b>carpet,</b> tapi&#349;o.<br>
+<b>carriage,</b> veturilo, kale&#349;o, vagono; transporto.<br>
+<b>carrot,</b> karoto.<br>
+<b>cart,</b> &#349;ar&#285;veturilo.<br>
+<b>carve,</b> tran&#265;i; skulpti.<br>
+<b>case,</b> okazo; ujo; kazo; proceso.<br>
+<b>cashier,</b> kasisto.<br>
+<b>cast,</b> &#309;eti, (<i>metal</i>) fandi.<br>
+<b>castle,</b> kastelo.<br>
+<b>catch,</b> kapti.<br>
+<b>caterpillar,</b> ra&#365;po.<br>
+<b>cathedral,</b> katedralo.<br>
+<b>cattle,</b> bruto, brutoj.<br>
+<b>cauliflower,</b> florbrasiko.<br>
+<b>cause,</b> ka&#365;z'i, -o; -igi; afero.<br>
+<b>caution,</b> averti; singardemo.<br>
+<b>cave,</b> kaverno.<br>
+<b>cavil,</b> &#265;ikani.<br>
+<b>caw,</b> graki.<br>
+<b>ceiling,</b> plafono.<br>
+<b>celebrate,</b> festi, soleni,<br>
+<b>celery,</b> celerio.<br>
+<b>cell,</b> &#265;elo, &#265;ambreto.<br>
+<b>cellar,</b> kelo.<br>
+<b>censor,</b> cenzuristo.<br>
+<b>censure,</b> ripro&#265;i.<br>
+<b>ceremony,</b> ceremonio, soleno.<br>
+<b>certain,</b> certa; kelkaj; ia.<br>
+<b>chaff,</b> grenventuma&#309;o.<br>
+<b>chaffinch,</b> fringo.<br>
+<b>chain,</b> &#265;eno.<br>
+<b>chair,</b> se&#285;o. <b>-man,</b> prezidanto.<br>
+<b>chalk,</b> kreto.<br>
+<b>chance,</b> hazardo; riski; okazi; &#349;anco.<br>
+<b>chancellor,</b> kanceliero.<br>
+<b>change,</b> &#349;an&#285;i, aliigi.<br>
+<b>channel,</b> kanalo.<br>
+<b>chaos,</b> &#293;aoso.<br>
+<b>chapel,</b> kapelo, pre&#285;ejeto.<br>
+<b>chapter,</b> &#265;apitro.<br>
+<b>character,</b> karaktero; (<i>drama</i>) rolo.<br>
+<b>charm,</b> &#265;armi; talismano.<br>
+<b>chaste,</b> &#265;asta.<br>
+<b>cheat,</b> trompi.<br>
+<b>check,</b> haltigi; kontroli.<br>
+<b>cheek,</b> vango.<br>
+<b>cheerful,</b> gaja.<br>
+<b>cheese,</b> froma&#285;o,<br>
+<b>chemist,</b> apotekisto, &#293;emiisto.<br>
+<b>cheque,</b> &#265;eko.<br>
+<b>cherry,</b> &#265;erizo.<br>
+<b>chess,</b> &#349;ako.<br>
+<b>chest,</b> brusto; kesto, (<i>of drawers</i>) komodo.<br>
+<b>chestnut,</b> ka&#349;tano, (<i>horse&mdash;</i>) marono.<br>
+<b>chew,</b> ma&#265;i, (<i>&mdash;cud</i>) rema&#265;adi.<br>
+<b>chicory,</b> cikorio.<br>
+<b>chief,</b> &#265;ef'o, -a.<br>
+<b>chimney,</b> kamentubo.<br>
+<b>chin,</b> mentono.<br>
+<b>china,</b> porcelano.<br>
+<b>chirp,</b> pepi; (<i>insects</i>) &#265;irpi.<br>
+<b>chisel,</b> &#265;iz'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>chocolate,</b> &#265;okolado.<br>
+<b>choir,</b> &#293;oro.<br>
+<b>choke,</b> sufoki.<br>
+<b>chop,</b> haki; koteleto.<br>
+<b>chronicle,</b> kroniko.<br>
+<b>church,</b> pre&#285;ejo.<br>
+<b>cigarette,</b> cigaredo.<br>
+<b>circle,</b> rondo, cirklo.<br>
+<b>circular,</b> (<i>letter</i>), cirkulero.<br>
+<b>circumference,</b> &#265;irka&#365;o.<br>
+<b>circus,</b> cirko.<br>
+<b>city,</b> civito, urbo.<br>
+<b>citizen,</b> urbano, bur&#285;o, civitano, regnano.<br>
+<!-- =============================144.png============================ -->
+<b>civil,</b> civila, &#285;entila.<br>
+<b>civilize,</b> civilizi.<br>
+<b>claim,</b> pretendi, postuli.<br>
+<b>clap,</b> (<i>hands</i>) manfrapi, pla&#365;di.<br>
+<b>class,</b> kurso; (<i>sort</i>) klaso.<br>
+<b>classify,</b> ordigi, klasifiki.<br>
+<b>claw,</b> ungego.<br>
+<b>clay,</b> argilo.<br>
+<b>clergyman,</b> pastro.<br>
+<b>clerk,</b> oficisto, kontoristo, komizo.<br>
+<b>clever,</b> lerta.<br>
+<b>cliff,</b> kruta&#309;o.<br>
+<b>climate,</b> klimato.<br>
+<b>climb,</b> grimpi, suprenrampi.<br>
+<b>clink,</b> tinti.<br>
+<b>cloak,</b> mantelo.<br>
+<b>clod,</b> bulo.<br>
+<b>closet,</b> necesejo; &#265;ambreto.<br>
+<b>cloth,</b> drapo; (<i>a</i>&mdash;) tuko.<br>
+<b>clothe,</b> vesti.<br>
+<b>cloud,</b> nubo.<br>
+<b>clover,</b> trifolio.<br>
+<b>club,</b> klubo, (<i>cards</i>) trefo.<br>
+<b>clue,</b> postesigno.<br>
+<b>coal,</b> karbo.<br>
+<b>coast,</b> marbordo.<br>
+<b>coat,</b> vesto; <b>-tail</b>, basko.<br>
+<b>cockle,</b> kardio.<br>
+<b>cocoa,</b> kakao; <b>-nut</b>, kokoso.<br>
+<b>cod,</b> gado, moruo.<br>
+<b>coffee,</b> kafo.<br>
+<b>coffin,</b> &#265;erko.<br>
+<b>coil,</b> rula&#309;o, volva&#309;o.<br>
+<b>coin,</b> monero.<br>
+<b>coke,</b> koakso.<br>
+<b>colander,</b> kribrilo,<br>
+<b>cold,</b> malvarm'a, -umo.<br>
+<b>colleague,</b> kolego.<br>
+<b>collect,</b> kolekti, amasigi.<br>
+<b>collective,</b> opa.<br>
+<b>college,</b> kolegio.<br>
+<b>colony,</b> kolonio.<br>
+<b>colour,</b> koloro.<br>
+<b>comb,</b> kombi; (<i>fowl</i>'s) kresto.<br>
+<b>combine,</b> kombin'i, -i&#285;i, kun'igi, -i&#285;i.<br>
+<b>come,</b> veni.<br>
+<b>comfort,</b> komforti, konsoli.<br>
+<b>comic,</b> komika, ridinda.<br>
+<b>comma,</b> komo.<br>
+<b>command,</b> ordoni, komandi.<br>
+<b>comment,</b> komentar'i, -o.<br>
+<b>commerce,</b> komerco, negoco.<br>
+<b>commission,</b> komisi'i, -o; (<i>sell on</i>&mdash;)
+makleri.<br>
+<b>committee,</b> komitato.<br>
+<b>common,</b> komuna, ordinara, vulgara; erikejo, step'o,
+-eto.<br>
+<b>commune,</b> komunumo.<br>
+<b>communicate,</b> komuniki.<br>
+<b>companion,</b> kunulo.<br>
+<b>company,</b> anaro, kompanio, societo, trupo, roto.<br>
+<b>compare,</b> kompari.<br>
+<b>compartment,</b> fako.<br>
+<b>compass,</b> (<i>mariners'</i>&mdash;) kompaso;
+(<i>drawing</i>) cirkelo.<br>
+<b>compel,</b> devigi.<br>
+<b>compensate,</b> kompensi<br>
+<b>complete,</b> konkuri.<br>
+<b>complaint,</b> plendi.<br>
+<b>complete,</b> plen'a, -igi.<br>
+<b>compliment,</b> kompliment'o, -i.<br>
+<b>compose,</b> verki; komposti.<br>
+<b>compositor,</b> kompostisto.<br>
+<b>comrade,</b> kamarado.<br>
+<b>concern,</b> koncerni; zorgo; rilati al.<br>
+<b>concrete,</b> konkreta.<br>
+<b>concussion,</b> skuego.<br>
+<b>condemn,</b> kondamni.<br>
+<b>condition,</b> kondi&#265;o; stato.<br>
+<b>condole,</b> kondolenci.<br>
+<b>confectioner,</b> konfitisto.<br>
+<b>conference,</b> konferenco.<br>
+<b>confirm,</b> konfirmi.<br>
+<b>confiscate,</b> konfiski.<br>
+<b>conflict,</b> konflikto.<br>
+<b>conform,</b> konformi.<br>
+<!-- =============================145.png============================ -->
+<b>confuse,</b> konfuzi.<br>
+<b>congratulate,</b> gratuli.<br>
+<b>congregation,</b> kongregacio.<br>
+<b>congress,</b> kongreso.<br>
+<b>conjure,</b> &#309;ongli.<br>
+<b>conscience,</b> konscienco.<br>
+<b>conscious,</b> konsci'a, -<b>ness</b>, 'o.<br>
+<b>consequence,</b> sekvo.<br>
+<b>conservative,</b> konservativa.<br>
+<b>consider,</b> pripensi, konsideri.<br>
+<b>consistent,</b> konsekvenca.<br>
+<b>consonant,</b> konsonanto.<br>
+<b>constipation,</b> mallakso.<br>
+<b>consult,</b> konsili&#285;i kun.<br>
+<b>consume,</b> konsumi.<br>
+<b>consumption,</b> (<i>disease</i>) ftizo.<br>
+<b>contact,</b> kontakto.<br>
+<b>contain,</b> enhavi, enteni.<br>
+<b>content,</b> kontenta.<br>
+<b>continue,</b> da&#365;ri, -igi.<br>
+<b>contract,</b> kontrakti; kuntir'i, -i&#285;i.<br>
+<b>contrary,</b> kontra&#365;o, malo.<br>
+<b>contrast,</b> kontrasti.<br>
+<b>contrive,</b> elpensi.<br>
+<b>control,</b> estri, regi.<br>
+<b>convenient,</b> oportuna.<br>
+<b>conversation,</b> interparolado, konversacio.<br>
+<b>convict,</b> kondamnito.<br>
+<b>convince,</b> konvinki.<br>
+<b>convolvulus,</b> konvolvolo.<br>
+<b>convulse,</b> konvulsio, spasmo.<br>
+<b>copper,</b> kupro.<br>
+<b>copy,</b> kopii; ekzemplero.<br>
+<b>coral,</b> koralo.<br>
+<b>cord,</b> &#349;nuro.<br>
+<b>core,</b> kora&#309;o, interna&#309;o.<br>
+<b>cork,</b> korko; &#349;topi,<br>
+<b>corn,</b> greno; (<i>foot</i>), kalo.<br>
+<b>corner,</b> angulo.<br>
+<b>correct,</b> korekti; &#285;usta, senerara.<br>
+<b>correspond,</b> korespondi.<br>
+<b>corrode,</b> mordeti.<br>
+<b>corset,</b> korseto.<br>
+<b>costume,</b> kostumo.<br>
+<b>cotton,</b> (<i>raw</i>), kotono; (<i>manuf</i>.) katuno.<br>
+<b>cough,</b> tusi.<br>
+<b>council,</b> konsilantaro.<br>
+<b>count,</b> kalkuli; grafo.<br>
+<b>country,</b> lando; kamparo.<br>
+<b>courage,</b> kura&#285;o.<br>
+<b>course,</b> kuro; kurso. <b>of</b>&mdash;, kompreneble.<br>
+<b>court,</b> korto, (<i>royal</i>&mdash;) kortego; ju&#285;ejo;
+amindumi.<br>
+<b>covetous,</b> avida.<br>
+<b>crab,</b> krabo, kankro.<br>
+<b>crack,</b> fendi, kraki, krev'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>cradle,</b> lulilo.<br>
+<b>crafty,</b> ruza.<br>
+<b>crane,</b> gruo, &#349;ar&#285;levilo.<br>
+<b>crape,</b> krepo.<br>
+<b>crater,</b> kratero.<br>
+<b>cravat,</b> kravato.<br>
+<b>creature,</b> esta&#309;o, kreita&#309;o.<br>
+<b>credit,</b> kredito.<br>
+<b>creed,</b> kredo.<br>
+<b>creep,</b> rampi.<br>
+<b>crest,</b> tufo, kresto.<br>
+<b>crevice,</b> fendo.<br>
+<b>cricket,</b> grilo; (<i>game</i>) kriketo.<br>
+<b>crime,</b> krimo.<br>
+<b>crippled,</b> kripla.<br>
+<b>crisis,</b> krizo.<br>
+<b>criticism,</b> kritiko.<br>
+<b>crochet,</b> kro&#265;eti.<br>
+<b>crocodile,</b> krokodilo, aligatoro.<br>
+<b>cross,</b> kruco, trans' -iri, -pasi. &mdash;<b>out</b>,
+streki.<br>
+<b>croup,</b> krupo.<br>
+<b>crow,</b> korniko.<br>
+<b>crowd,</b> amaso.<br>
+<b>crown,</b> krono; (<i>of head</i>) verto.<br>
+<b>cruel,</b> kruela.<br>
+<b>cruise,</b> krozi.<br>
+<b>crumple,</b> &#265;ifi.<br>
+<b>crust,</b> krusto.<br>
+<!-- =============================146.png============================ -->
+<b>crutch,</b> lambastono.<br>
+<b>cry,</b> krii, ekkrii, plori; (<i>of animals</i>) bleko.<br>
+<b>crystal,</b> kristalo.<br>
+<b>cube,</b> kubo.<br>
+<b>cuckoo,</b> kukolo.<br>
+<b>cucumber,</b> kukumo.<br>
+<b>cuff,</b> manumo; frapo.<br>
+<b>cultivate,</b> kulturi.<br>
+<b>cunning,</b> ruza.<br>
+<b>cup,</b> taso, kaliko.<br>
+<b>cupboard,</b> &#349;ranko.<br>
+<b>cure,</b> resanigi; (<i>bacon, etc</i>.) pekli.<br>
+<b>curious,</b> scivola, stranga, kurioza.<br>
+<b>curl,</b> buklo.<br>
+<b>currant,</b> ribo, sekvinbereto (korinta).<br>
+<b>current,</b> fluo.<br>
+<b>curtain,</b> kurteno.<br>
+<b>curved,</b> kurba, fleksita, nerekta.<br>
+<b>cushion,</b> kuseno.<br>
+<b>customer,</b> kliento.<br>
+<b>cutlet,</b> kotleto.<br>
+<b>cycle,</b> ciklo.<br>
+<b>cyclone,</b> ciklono.<br>
+<b>Czar,</b> Caro.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>D</b></center>
+
+<b>daffodil,</b> narciso.<br>
+<b>daily,</b> &#265;iutaga.<br>
+<b>dainty,</b> franda&#309;o; frandema delikata,<br>
+<b>daisy,</b> lekant'o, -eto.<br>
+<b>dam,</b> digo, akvo&#349;topilo.<br>
+<b>damage,</b> difekti.<br>
+<b>dance,</b> danc'i, -o; balo.<br>
+<b>dandelion,</b> leontodo.<br>
+<b>dare,</b> kura&#285;i.<br>
+<b>darn,</b> fliki.<br>
+<b>date,</b> dato; (<i>fruit</i>) daktilo.<br>
+<b>dawn,</b> tagi&#285;o.<br>
+<b>dead,</b> senviva, mortinta. -ly, pereiga.<br>
+<b>dear,</b> kara, multekosta.<br>
+<b>debauch,</b> dibo&#265;o.<br>
+<b>debris,</b> rub'o, -a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>debt,</b> &#349;uldo, (<i>be in</i>&mdash;) &#349;uldi.<br>
+<b>decipher,</b> de&#265;ifri.<br>
+<b>deck,</b> ferdeko; ornami.<br>
+<b>declaration,</b> deklaracio.<br>
+<b>decoration,</b> ornama&#309;o; ordeno.<br>
+<b>decree,</b> dekreto, mandate.<br>
+<b>decrepit,</b> kaduka.<br>
+<b>dedicate,</b> dedi&#265;i.<br>
+<b>deed,</b> ago, faro, fara&#309;o, farita&#309;o;
+dokumento.<br>
+<b>deep,</b> profunda; (<i>sound</i>) basa.<br>
+<b>deer,</b> cervo.<br>
+<b>defeat,</b> venki, malvenko.<br>
+<b>defend,</b> defendi.<br>
+<b>defer,</b> prokrasti.<br>
+<b>deficiency,</b> deficito, malsufi&#265;eco.<br>
+<b>defile,</b> intermonto; malpurigi.<br>
+<b>define,</b> difini.<br>
+<b>definite,</b> definitiva.<br>
+<b>degenerate,</b> degeneri.<br>
+<b>degree,</b> grado.<br>
+<b>Deity,</b> Dia&#309;o, Dieco.<br>
+<b>delay,</b> prokrasti.<br>
+<b>delegate,</b> deleg'i, -ito.<br>
+<b>delicate,</b> delikata.<br>
+<b>delightful,</b> &#265;arma, rava.<br>
+<b>delirium,</b> delir'o, (<i>be in</i>) -i.<br>
+<b>deliver,</b> savi, liberigi; (<i>goods</i>) liveri.<br>
+<b>deluge,</b> superakvego, diluvo.<br>
+<b>den,</b> nestego, kaverno.<br>
+<b>denounce,</b> denunci.<br>
+<b>deny,</b> nei, malkonfesi.<br>
+<b>depart,</b> foriri.<br>
+<b>department,</b> fako.<br>
+<b>depend,</b> dependi.<br>
+<b>derive,</b> devenigi.<br>
+<b>descendant,</b> ido, posteulo.<br>
+<b>describe,</b> priskribi.<br>
+<!-- =============================147.png============================ -->
+<b>desert,</b> dezerto; forlasi; forkuri de.<br>
+<b>desk,</b> pupitro.<br>
+<b>despatch,</b> ekspedi, depe&#349;o.<br>
+<b>dessert,</b> deserto.<br>
+<b>destine,</b> (for), difini (por).<br>
+<b>destroy,</b> detrui.<br>
+<b>detail,</b> detalo.<br>
+<b>detriment,</b> malutilo, perdo.<br>
+<b>develop,</b> plivastigi, disvolv'-i, -i&#285;i, (<i>phot</i>.)
+aperigi.<br>
+<b>devil,</b> diablo, demono.<br>
+<b>devoted,</b> sindona.<br>
+<b>devout,</b> pia.<br>
+<b>dew,</b> roso.<br>
+<b>dexterous,</b> lerta.<br>
+<b>dial,</b> ciferplato.<br>
+<b>diarrhoea,</b> lakso.<br>
+<b>dice,</b> ludkuboj.<br>
+<b>dictate,</b> dikti.<br>
+<b>dictionary,</b> vortaro.<br>
+<b>die,</b> morti.<br>
+<b>differ,</b> diferenci.<br>
+<b>digest,</b> digesti.<br>
+<b>dignity,</b> digno, rango.<br>
+<b>dine,</b> tag', vesper', -man&#285;i.<br>
+<b>dip,</b> trempi, subakvigi.<br>
+<b>diploma,</b> diplomo.<br>
+<b>diplomacy,</b> diplomatio.<br>
+<b>direct,</b> direkti, rekta, senpera.<br>
+<b>disappoint,</b> seniluziigi, &#265;agreni.<br>
+<b>discharge,</b> eligi, eksigi, elpagi.<br>
+<b>disciple,</b> lernanto, dis&#265;iplo.<br>
+<b>discipline,</b> disciplino.<br>
+<b>discount,</b> diskonto, rabato.<br>
+<b>discover,</b> eltrovi.<br>
+<b>discreet,</b> diskreta, singardema.<br>
+<b>discuss,</b> diskuti.<br>
+<b>disease,</b> malsano.<br>
+<b>disguise,</b> alivesti, maski.<br>
+<b>disgust,</b> na&#365;zi.<br>
+<b>dish,</b> plado.<br>
+<b>dislocate,</b> elartikigi.<br>
+<b>dismal,</b> funebra.<br>
+<b>dismay,</b> konsterni.<br>
+<b>dispel,</b> peli, forpeli, dispeli.<br>
+<b>dispose,</b> disponi.<br>
+<b>disposition,</b> inklino, emo.<br>
+<b>dispute,</b> disputi, malpaci.<br>
+<b>dissect,</b> sekci.<br>
+<b>disseminate,</b> dissemi.<br>
+<b>dissolve,</b> solvi.<br>
+<b>distance,</b> interspaco, malproksimeco, distanco.<br>
+<b>distinct,</b> klara.<br>
+<b>distinguish,</b> distingi.<br>
+<b>distract,</b> distri.<br>
+<b>distribute,</b> disdoni.<br>
+<b>district,</b> regiono, kvartalo, distrikto.<br>
+<b>ditch,</b> foso.<br>
+<b>dive,</b> subakvi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>dividends,</b> rento, dividendo.<br>
+<b>divorce,</b> eksedzigi.<br>
+<b>dizziness,</b> kapturni&#285;o.<br>
+<b>do,</b> fari.<br>
+<b>doctor,</b> kuracisto, doktoro.<br>
+<b>doctrine,</b> doktrino, instruo.<br>
+<b>domestic,</b> hejma, doma.<br>
+<b>dose,</b> dozo.<br>
+<b>dot,</b> punkto.<br>
+<b>double,</b> duobl'a, -igi.<br>
+<b>doubt,</b> dubi.<br>
+<b>dough,</b> kneda&#309;o.<br>
+<b>down,</b> lanugo; malsupre.<br>
+<b>dowry,</b> doto.<br>
+<b>drag,</b> treni.<br>
+<b>dragon,</b> drako. <b>-fly</b>, libelo.<br>
+<b>dragoon,</b> dragono.<br>
+<b>drain,</b> defluilego, senakvigi.<br>
+<b>drake,</b> anaso.<br>
+<b>drape,</b> drapiri.<br>
+<b>draught,</b> aerfluo. <b>-s</b> <i>(game)</i> damoj.<br>
+<b>draw,</b> desegni; tiri, (<i>from well</i>) &#265;erpi.<br>
+<b>drawer,</b> tirkesto.<br>
+<!-- =============================148.png============================ -->
+<b>drawers,</b> kalsono, (chest of -s), komodo.<br>
+<b>dream,</b> son&#285;'i, -o; (day-), rev'o, -i.<br>
+<b>dredge,</b> skrapegi.<br>
+<b>dress,</b> robo; vesti, sin vesti.<br>
+<b>drill,</b> bori; ekzerco, manovro.<br>
+<b>drink,</b> trinki, (<i>to excess</i>) drinki.<br>
+<b>drive,</b> veturi; peli. <b>&mdash;away</b>, forpeli.<br>
+<b>droll,</b> ridinda, &#349;erca.<br>
+<b>drone,</b> abelviro; zumi.<br>
+<b>drop,</b> gut'o, -i.<br>
+<b>drown,</b> dron'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>drug,</b> drogo.<br>
+<b>drum,</b> tamburo.<br>
+<b>drunken,</b> ebria.<br>
+<b>dry,</b> seka. <b>&mdash;land</b>, firma&#309;o.<br>
+<b>duck,</b> anasino, anaso.<br>
+<b>duration,</b> da&#365;ro.<br>
+<b>duty,</b> devo, (<i>tax</i>) imposto. <b>be on&mdash;</b>,
+de&#309;ori.<br>
+<b>dwell,</b> lo&#285;i, restadi.<br>
+<b>dye,</b> tinkturi.<br>
+<b>dyke,</b> digo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>E</b></center>
+
+<b>eager,</b> avida.<br>
+<b>ear,</b> orelo, (<i>corn</i>) spiko.<br>
+<b>earl,</b> grafo.<br>
+<b>early,</b> fru'a, -e.<br>
+<b>earn,</b> perlabori.<br>
+<b>earnest,</b> serioza, diligenta, fervora.<br>
+<b>earth,</b> tero. <b>-quake</b>, tertremo.<br>
+<b>earthenware,</b> fajenco.<br>
+<b>east,</b> oriento.<br>
+<b>easter,</b> Pasko.<br>
+<b>ebony,</b> ebono.<br>
+<b>ecclesiastical,</b> eklezia.<br>
+<b>echo,</b> e&#293;o, resonadi.<br>
+<b>edge,</b> rando, tran&#265;rando, bordo<br>
+<b>edify,</b> edifi.<br>
+<b>edit,</b> redakti.<br>
+<b>edition,</b> eldono.<br>
+<b>editor,</b> redaktoro.<br>
+<b>educate,</b> eduki.<br>
+<b>eel,</b> angilo.<br>
+<b>effect,</b> efiko, efekto.<br>
+<b>effective,</b> efektiva.<br>
+<b>efficacious,</b> efika.<br>
+<b>effort,</b> peno, klopodo.<br>
+<b>eiderduck,</b> molanaso.<br>
+<b>elastic,</b> elast'a, -a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>elbow,</b> kubuto.<br>
+<b>elder,</b> (tree) sambuko.<br>
+<b>elect,</b> elekti, baloti.<br>
+<b>electricity,</b> elektro.<br>
+<b>elegant,</b> eleganta.<br>
+<b>elf,</b> koboldo, elfo.<br>
+<b>elm,</b> ulmo.<br>
+<b>eloquent,</b> elokventa.<br>
+<b>embalm,</b> balzami.<br>
+<b>embrace,</b> &#265;irka&#365;preni, enbrakigi; ampleksi.<br>
+<b>embroider,</b> brodi.<br>
+<b>emerald,</b> smeraldo.<br>
+<b>emigrate,</b> elmigri.<br>
+<b>eminent,</b> eminenta.<br>
+<b>emotion,</b> kortu&#349;eco.<br>
+<b>emphasis,</b> emfazo, akcentego<br>
+<b>empire,</b> imperio.<br>
+<b>enable,</b> ebligi.<br>
+<b>enamel,</b> emajl'o, -i.<br>
+<b>enchant,</b> ravi; ensor&#265;i.<br>
+<b>encore,</b> bis.<br>
+<b>endeavour,</b> klopodi, peni.<br>
+<b>endow,</b> doti.<br>
+<b>endure,</b> da&#365;ri; toleri, suferi.<br>
+<b>energy,</b> energio.<br>
+<b>engine,</b> ma&#349;ino, lokomotivo, motoro.<br>
+<b>engrave,</b> gravuri.<br>
+<b>enjoy,</b> &#285;ui.<br>
+<b>enlist,</b> varbi, rekruti.<br>
+<b>enough,</b> sufi&#265;a, (be&mdash;) sufi&#265;i.<br>
+<b>entangle,</b> impliki.<br>
+<b>enterprise,</b> entrepreno.<br>
+<!-- =============================149.png============================ -->
+<b>entertain,</b> amuzi; regali.<br>
+<b>enthusiasm,</b> entuziasmo.<br>
+<b>entice,</b> logi, allogi.<br>
+<b>entwine,</b> kunplekti.<br>
+<b>envelop,</b> envolvi.<br>
+<b>envelope,</b> koverto.<br>
+<b>environs,</b> &#265;irka&#365;a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>equivalent,</b> ekvivalenta, egala.<br>
+<b>erase,</b> trastreki; forfroti.<br>
+<b>erect,</b> vertikala; rekta; starigi.<br>
+<b>errand,</b> komisio.<br>
+<b>escape,</b> forkuri, forsavi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>establish,</b> fondi, starigi.<br>
+<b>estate,</b> (<i>land</i>) bieno.<br>
+<b>esteem,</b> estimi.<br>
+<b>estimate,</b> taksi.<br>
+<b>eternal,</b> eterna, &#265;iama.<br>
+<b>ethical,</b> etika.<br>
+<b>eve,</b> anta&#365;tago.<br>
+<b>even,</b> e&#265;; parnombra; ebena.<br>
+<b>event,</b> okazo.<br>
+<b>evil,</b> malbono, peko.<br>
+<b>exact,</b> &#285;usta, preciza; postuli.<br>
+<b>examine,</b> ekzameni, esplori.<br>
+<b>examination,</b> ekzameno.<br>
+<b>example,</b> ekzemplo.<br>
+<b>exceed,</b> superi.<br>
+<b>except,</b> krom, esceptinte; escepte.<br>
+<b>exchange,</b> inter&#349;an&#285;i. <b>the&mdash;</b>,
+Borso.<br>
+<b>excite,</b> eksciti.<br>
+<b>exclusive,</b> eksklusiva.<br>
+<b>excursion,</b> ekskurso.<br>
+<b>execute,</b> efektivigi; (&mdash;<i>a criminal</i>),
+ekzekuti.<br>
+<b>exercise,</b> ekzerci. -book, kajero.<br>
+<b>exhaust,</b> konsumi, el&#265;erpi.<br>
+<b>exhibition,</b> ekspozicio.<br>
+<b>exhort,</b> admoni.<br>
+<b>expect,</b> atendi.<br>
+<b>expel,</b> elpeli.<br>
+<b>experience,</b> sperto.<br>
+<b>experiment,</b> eksperimento.<br>
+<b>expert,</b> lerta, kompetenta.<br>
+<b>explode,</b> eksplod'-i, -igi.<br>
+<b>express,</b> esprimi, ekspreso.<br>
+<b>extend,</b> etendi.<br>
+<b>exterminate,</b> ekstermi.<br>
+<b>extinguish,</b> estingi.<br>
+<b>extract,</b> ekstrakti, eltiri.<br>
+<b>extraordinary,</b> eksterordinara.<br>
+<b>eye,</b> okulo. <b>-brow</b>, brovo. <b>-lid</b>,
+palpebro.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>F</b></center>
+
+<b>fable,</b> fablo.<br>
+<b>fact,</b> fakto. <b>in</b>&mdash;, ja, efektive.<br>
+<b>factory,</b> fabrikejo, faktorio.<br>
+<b>fade,</b> velki.<br>
+<b>fail,</b> manki; malprosperi, bankroti.<br>
+<b>faint,</b> sveni.<br>
+<b>fair,</b> foiro; blonda; justa.<br>
+<b>fairy,</b> feino, feo.<br>
+<b>faith,</b> fido, kredo.<br>
+<b>falcon,</b> falko.<br>
+<b>false,</b> falsa, malvera.<br>
+<b>fame,</b> gloro, renomo; famo.<br>
+<b>familiar,</b> kutima, intima.<br>
+<b>family,</b> familio.<br>
+<b>fan,</b> ventum'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>fare,</b> farti; veturpago.<br>
+<b>farm,</b> farmi (<i>have on lease</i>); farmobieno.<br>
+<b>fashion,</b> modo, maniero, fasono.<br>
+<b>fast,</b> fast'i, -o; rapida.<br>
+<b>fasten,</b> alligi, fiksi,<br>
+<b>fat,</b> gras'a, -o; sebo.<br>
+<b>fatal,</b> fatala, mortiga.<br>
+<b>fate,</b> sorto.<br>
+<b>fathom,</b> sondi, klafto.<br>
+<b>fault,</b> kulpo; difekto; eraro.<br>
+<b>favour,</b> favori, komplezo.<br>
+<b>feast,</b> regalo, festeno; festo.<br>
+<b>feather,</b> plumo.<br>
+<b>feature,</b> trajto.<br>
+<!-- =============================150.png============================ -->
+<b>feed,</b> nutri, man&#285;igi, pa&#349;ti.<br>
+<b>feel,</b> palpi, senti.<br>
+<b>felt,</b> felto.<br>
+<b>female,</b> ino, virinseksa.<br>
+<b>fence,</b> skermi; palisaro.<br>
+<b>ferment,</b> fermenti.<br>
+<b>fern,</b> filiko.<br>
+<b>ferret,</b> &#265;asputoro,<br>
+<b>ferry-boat,</b> pramo.<br>
+<b>fester,</b> ulceri&#285;i, pusi.<br>
+<b>festival,</b> festo.<br>
+<b>feudal,</b> fe&#365;dala.<br>
+<b>fever,</b> febro.<br>
+<b>fibre,</b> fibro.<br>
+<b>fife,</b> fifro.<br>
+<b>fig,</b> figo.<br>
+<b>fight,</b> batal'i, -o.<br>
+<b>figure,</b> cifero; figuro.<br>
+<b>figurative,</b> figura.<br>
+<b>file,</b> fajli, -ilo.<br>
+<b>film,</b> filmo, tavoleto.<br>
+<b>filter,</b> filtr'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>fin,</b> na&#285;ilo.<br>
+<b>fine,</b> delikata; monpuno.<br>
+<b>fir,</b> abio.<br>
+<b>fire,</b> brulo, fajro; (<i>gun</i>), pafi.<br>
+<b>fireplace,</b> kameno, fajrejo.<br>
+<b>fireworks,</b> artfajra&#309;o.<br>
+<b>firm,</b> firma, fortika; firmo.<br>
+<b>fish,</b> fi&#349;'o, -i, -kapti.<br>
+<b>fist,</b> pugno.<br>
+<b>fit,</b> atako. <b>&mdash;for</b>, ta&#365;ga; konvena,
+deca.<br>
+<b>fix,</b> fiksi.<br>
+<b>flake,</b> floko, ne&#285;ero.<br>
+<b>flame,</b> flami.<br>
+<b>flannel,</b> flanelo.<br>
+<b>flat,</b> plata, ebena; apartamento.<br>
+<b>flatter,</b> flati.<br>
+<b>flavour,</b> gusto.<br>
+<b>flax,</b> lino.<br>
+<b>flea,</b> pulo.<br>
+<b>flesh,</b> (<i>meat</i>), viando; karno.<br>
+<b>flint,</b> siliko.<br>
+<b>flit,</b> flirti.<br>
+<b>float,</b> na&#285;i; surna&#285;i.<br>
+<b>flock,</b> aro, pa&#349;tataro, &#349;afaro.<br>
+<b>flog,</b> skur&#285;i.<br>
+<b>flood,</b> superakvegi.<br>
+<b>floor,</b> planko, eta&#285;o.<br>
+<b>flour,</b> faruno.<br>
+<b>flow,</b> flui.<br>
+<b>flower,</b> flor'o, -i. <b>-bed,</b> bedo.<br>
+<b>fluid,</b> fluajo.<br>
+<b>flutter,</b> flugeti, flirti.<br>
+<b>fly,</b> mu&#349;o; flugi.<br>
+<b>fog,</b> nebulo.<br>
+<b>fold,</b> fald'i, -o.<br>
+<b>follow,</b> sekvi.<br>
+<b>fondle,</b> dorloti, karesi.<br>
+<b>food,</b> nutra&#309;o.<br>
+<b>fool,</b> malsa&#285;ulo.<br>
+<b>foot,</b> piedo; futo. <b>-man,</b> lakeo. <b>-path,</b>
+trotuaro, piedvojeto.<br>
+<b>forage,</b> fura&#285;o.<br>
+<b>forehead,</b> frunto.<br>
+<b>foreign,</b> ali', ekster'-landa, fremda.<br>
+<b>forest,</b> arbarego.<br>
+<b>forge,</b> for&#285;i.<br>
+<b>forget,</b> forgesi. <b>-me-not</b>, miozoto.<br>
+<b>forgive,</b> pardoni.<br>
+<b>formidable,</b> timeginda.<br>
+<b>formulate,</b> formuli.<br>
+<b>fortress,</b> fortika&#309;o.<br>
+<b>fortunate,</b> feli&#265;a.<br>
+<b>foundation,</b> fundamento<br>
+<b>foundry,</b> fandejo.<br>
+<b>fountain,</b> fontano.<br>
+<b>fowl,</b> kortbirdo.<br>
+<b>fox,</b> vulpo.<br>
+<b>frame,</b> kadro.<br>
+<b>freckle,</b> lentugo.<br>
+<b>free,</b> liber'a, -igi; senpaga.<br>
+<b>freeze,</b> frosti&#285;i, glaci'igi, -i&#285;i.<br>
+<b>frequent,</b> ofta; vizitadi.<br>
+<b>fringe,</b> fran&#285;o.<br>
+<b>fritter,</b> frita&#309;o.<br>
+<!-- =============================151.png============================ -->
+<b>frock,</b> vesteto. <b>-coat,</b> surtuto.<br>
+<b>frog,</b> rano.<br>
+<b>frolic,</b> petoli.<br>
+<b>frown,</b> sulk'o, -igi.<br>
+<b>frugal,</b> &#349;parema,<br>
+<b>fruit,</b> frukto. <b>-ful,</b> fruktodona.<br>
+<b>fry,</b> friti, <i>(spawn)</i> frajo, <b>-ing</b> <b>pan,</b>
+pato, fritilo.<br>
+<b>fuel,</b> brula&#309;o, hejta&#309;o.<br>
+<b>fulfil,</b> plenumi.<br>
+<b>fun,</b> &#349;ercado.<br>
+<b>function,</b> funkcio.<br>
+<b>funeral,</b> enterigiro.<br>
+<b>funnel,</b> funelo.<br>
+<b>funny,</b> ridinda.<br>
+<b>fur,</b> felo; <i>(&mdash;coat)</i> pelto.<br>
+<b>furnace,</b> fornego.<br>
+<b>furnish,</b> mebli, provizi.<br>
+<b>furrow,</b> sulko.<br>
+<b>further,</b> pile, plimalproksime.<br>
+<b>fury,</b> furiozo, furio.<br>
+<b>fuse,</b> fandi.<br>
+<b>furniture,</b> mebl'o, -aro.<br>
+<b>future,</b> estonteco.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>G</b></center>
+
+<b>gadfly,</b> tabano.<br>
+<b>gain,</b> gajni, <i>(clock)</i> trorapidi.<br>
+<b>gall,</b> galo. <b>-nut,</b> gajlo.<br>
+<b>gallery,</b> galerio.<br>
+<b>gallop,</b> galopi.<br>
+<b>game,</b> ludo, &#265;asa&#309;o.<br>
+<b>gap,</b> bre&#265;o; manko.<br>
+<b>gargle,</b> gargari.<br>
+<b>garrison,</b> garnizon'o, -i.<br>
+<b>gas,</b> gaso.<br>
+<b>gate,</b> pordego.<br>
+<b>gauze,</b> gazo.<br>
+<b>gelatine,</b> gelateno.<br>
+<b>gem,</b> gemo.<br>
+<b>general,</b> &#285;enerala; generalo.<br>
+<b>generation,</b> generacio.<br>
+<b>generous,</b> malavara.<br>
+<b>genius,</b> genio, geniulo.<br>
+<b>gentle,</b> dol&#265;a, neforta, milda.<br>
+<b>gentleman,</b> sinjoro.<br>
+<b>genus,</b> gento.<br>
+<b>germ,</b> &#285;ermo.<br>
+<b>germinate,</b> &#285;ermi.<br>
+<b>gesture,</b> gesto.<br>
+<b>ghost,</b> fantomo.<br>
+<b>giant,</b> giganto.<br>
+<b>gild,</b> ori, orumi.<br>
+<b>gill,</b> <i>(of fish)</i>, branko.<br>
+<b>gin,</b> &#285;ino.<br>
+<b>ginger,</b> zingibro. -bread, mielkuko.<br>
+<b>gipsy,</b> cigano.<br>
+<b>give,</b> doni, donaci,<br>
+<b>glacier,</b> glaciejo.<br>
+<b>glass,</b> vitro, <b>a&mdash;,</b> glaso.
+<b>looking&mdash;,</b> spegulo.<br>
+<b>glaze,</b> glazuri.<br>
+<b>glorify,</b> glori.<br>
+<b>glove,</b> ganto.<br>
+<b>glow,</b> ardi, brili. <b>-worm,</b> lampiro.<br>
+<b>glue,</b> gluo.<br>
+<b>glycerine,</b> glicerino.<br>
+<b>gnat,</b> kulo.<br>
+<b>gnaw,</b> mordeti.<br>
+<b>goat,</b> kapro.<br>
+<b>goblet,</b> pokalo.<br>
+<b>goblin,</b> koboldo.<br>
+<b>God,</b> Dio.<br>
+<b>gold,</b> oro.<br>
+<b>goldfinch,</b> kardelo.<br>
+<b>golosh,</b> galo&#349;o.<br>
+<b>goodbye,</b> adia&#365;.<br>
+<b>goose,</b> anserino.<br>
+<b>gooseberry,</b> groso.<br>
+<b>gospel,</b> evangelio.<br>
+<b>gout,</b> podagro.<br>
+<b>govern,</b> regi.<br>
+<b>governess,</b> guvernistino<br>
+<b>graceful,</b> gracia.<br>
+<b>gradual,</b> grada, la&#365;grada.<br>
+<b>graft,</b> inokuli, grefti.<br>
+<!-- =============================152.png============================ -->
+<b>grain,</b> grajno, greno.<br>
+<b>grammar,</b> gramatiko.<br>
+<b>grape,</b> vinbero.<br>
+<b>grass,</b> herbo.<br>
+<b>grasshopper,</b> akrido.<br>
+<b>grate,</b> fajrujo; raspi, skrapi.<br>
+<b>grating,</b> krado.<br>
+<b>gravity,</b> pezo.<br>
+<b>gravy,</b> suko.<br>
+<b>grease,</b> graso; &#349;miri.<br>
+<b>great,</b> granda. <b>-coat,</b> palto, gravitoj<br>
+<b>greedy,</b> avida, man&#285;egema.<br>
+<b>green,</b> verda. <b>-house,</b> varmejo.<br>
+<b>greengage,</b> renklodo.<br>
+<b>grey,</b> griza. <b>-hound,</b> leporhundo.<br>
+<b>grill,</b> kradrosti.<br>
+<b>grin,</b> grimaci, rikani.<br>
+<b>grind,</b> mueli; pisti; grinci.<br>
+<b>gristle,</b> kartilago.<br>
+<b>groan,</b> &#285;emi.<br>
+<b>grocer,</b> spicisto.<br>
+<b>grotesque,</b> groteska.<br>
+<b>grotto,</b> groto.<br>
+<b>ground,</b> tero. <b>-floor,</b> tereta&#285;o.<br>
+<b>groundsel,</b> senecio.<br>
+<b>group,</b> grup'o, -igi.<br>
+<b>grouse,</b> tetro.<br>
+<b>grub,</b> larvo.<br>
+<b>guarantee,</b> garantii.<br>
+<b>guard,</b> gardi, (<i>milit.</i>) gvardio.<br>
+<b>gudgeon,</b> gobio.<br>
+<b>guess,</b> diveni, konjekti.<br>
+<b>guide,</b> gvidi.<br>
+<b>guillotine,</b> gilotino.<br>
+<b>gulf,</b> golfo.<br>
+<b>gull,</b> mevo.<br>
+<b>gullet,</b> ezofago gor&#285;o, fa&#365;ko.<br>
+<b>gum,</b> gumo, dentokarno.<br>
+<b>gun,</b> pafilo, kanono. <b>-powder,</b> pulvo.<br>
+<b>gush,</b> &#349;pruci.<br>
+<b>guttapercha,</b> gutaperko.<br>
+<b>gutter,</b> defluilo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>H</b></center>
+
+<b>habit,</b> kutimo.<br>
+<b>haddock,</b> eglefino.<br>
+<b>hair,</b> haro, haroj; hararo <b>-dresser,</b> frizisto.<br>
+<b>hall,</b> vestiblo, halo, salono.<br>
+<b>halt,</b> halti, lami.<br>
+<b>halter,</b> kolbrido.<br>
+<b>ham,</b> &#349;inko.<br>
+<b>hammer,</b> martelo.<br>
+<b>hand,</b> mano. <b>-ful,</b> plenmano, <b>-shake,</b>
+manpremo.<br>
+<b>handkerchief,</b> naztuko.<br>
+<b>handle,</b> tenilo, manpreni.<br>
+<b>hang,</b> pend'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>hansom,</b> kabrioleto, fiakro.<br>
+<b>happen,</b> okazi.<br>
+<b>harbour,</b> haveno.<br>
+<b>harden,</b> malmoligi, (<i>health</i>), hardi<br>
+<b>hare,</b> leporo.<br>
+<b>harm,</b> difekti, malutili.<br>
+<b>harness,</b> jungi, junga&#309;o.<br>
+<b>harpoon,</b> harpuno.<br>
+<b>harrow,</b> erpi, erpilo.<br>
+<b>harvest,</b> rikolto.<br>
+<b>hasten,</b> rapid'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>hatch,</b> kovi.<br>
+<b>hatchet,</b> hakilo.<br>
+<b>haunch,</b> kokso.<br>
+<b>hawk,</b> akcipitro; kolporti.<br>
+<b>hawthorn,</b> kratago.<br>
+<b>hay,</b> fojno.<br>
+<b>hazlenut,</b> avelo.<br>
+<b>heal,</b> resanigi, cikatri&#285;i.<br>
+<b>health,</b> sano. <b>propose a&mdash;,</b> toasti.<br>
+<b>heap,</b> amas'o, -igi.<br>
+<b>heart,</b> koro, (<i>cards</i>) kero. <b>by,</b> parkere.<br>
+<b>hearth,</b> kameno, fajrujo, hejmo.<br>
+<b>heath,</b> eriko, erikejo, stepo.<br>
+<b>heathen,</b> idolano.<br>
+<b>heaven,</b> &#265;ielo.<br>
+<!-- =============================153.png============================ -->
+<b>heavy,</b> peza.<br>
+<b>hedge,</b> plektobarilo, <b>-hog</b> erinaco.<br>
+<b>heir,</b> heredanto.<br>
+<b>hell,</b> infero.<br>
+<b>helm,</b> direktilo.<br>
+<b>helmet,</b> kasko.<br>
+<b>hem,</b> borderi.<br>
+<b>hemp,</b> kanabo.<br>
+<b>herald,</b> heroldo.<br>
+<b>heresy,</b> herezo.<br>
+<b>hermit,</b> ermito.<br>
+<b>hero,</b> heroo.<br>
+<b>heron,</b> ardeo.<br>
+<b>herring,</b> haringo.<br>
+<b>hesitate,</b> &#349;anceli&#285;i, heziti.<br>
+<b>hiccough,</b> singulti.<br>
+<b>hide,</b> ka&#349;i; felo.<br>
+<b>hinge,</b> &#265;arniro.<br>
+<b>hip,</b> kokso.<br>
+<b>hire,</b> dungi; lui; pago.<br>
+<b>hiss,</b> sibli<br>
+<b>hit,</b> frapi.<br>
+<b>hoard,</b> amaso.<br>
+<b>hoar frost,</b> prujno.<br>
+<b>hoax,</b> mistifik'o, -i.<br>
+<b>hole,</b> truo, kavo<br>
+<b>holiday,</b> festo, libertempo.<br>
+<b>hollow,</b> kav'a, -o.<br>
+<b>holly,</b> ilekso.<br>
+<b>honey,</b> mielo, <b>-comb,</b> mieltavolo. <b>-suckle,</b>
+lonicero.<br>
+<b>hood,</b> kapu&#265;o, kufo.<br>
+<b>hook,</b> hoko, agrafo; alkro&#265;i.<br>
+<b>hope,</b> espero.<br>
+<b>hops,</b> lupolo.<br>
+<b>horizon,</b> horizonto.<br>
+<b>horn,</b> korno.<br>
+<b>hospitable,</b> gastama.<br>
+<b>hospital,</b> hospitalo.<br>
+<b>host,</b> mastro; gastiganto; hostio.<br>
+<b>hostage,</b> garantiulo.<br>
+<b>hotel,</b> hotelo.<br>
+<b>hover,</b> flirti.<br>
+<b>hub,</b> radcentro, akso.<br>
+<b>hue,</b> nuanco, koloro,<br>
+<b>hum,</b> zumi.<br>
+<b>human,</b> homa. <b>-being,</b> homo.<br>
+<b>humane,</b> humana.<br>
+<b>humble,</b> humila.<br>
+<b>humbug,</b> blago.<br>
+<b>humming-bird,</b> kolibro.<br>
+<b>humorous,</b> humora&#309;a, sprita, &#349;erca.<br>
+<b>hump,</b> &#285;ibo.<br>
+<b>hunger,</b> malsato.<br>
+<b>hunt,</b> &#265;asi.<br>
+<b>hurrah,</b> hura.<br>
+<b>hurricane,</b> uragano.<br>
+<b>hurt,</b> vundi, malutili.<br>
+<b>husk,</b> &#349;elo.<br>
+<b>hut,</b> kabano.<br>
+<b>hymn,</b> himno.<br>
+<b>hyphen,</b> streketo.<br>
+<b>hypocritical,</b> hipokrita.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>I</b></center>
+
+<b>ideal,</b> ideala.<br>
+<b>identical,</b> identa.<br>
+<b>idiom,</b> idiomo, idiotismo.<br>
+<b>idiotic,</b> idiota.<br>
+<b>idle,</b> senokupa.<br>
+<b>idol,</b> idolo.<br>
+<b>illegitimate,</b> nela&#365;le&#285;a, bastarda,<br>
+<b>illuminate,</b> ilumini.<br>
+<b>illusion,</b> iluzio.<br>
+<b>illustrate,</b> ilustri.<br>
+<b>image,</b> figuro, bildo.<br>
+<b>imagine,</b> imagi, revi.<br>
+<b>imbibe,</b> ensorbi.<br>
+<b>imbue,</b> penetri, inspiri.<br>
+<b>imitate,</b> imiti.<br>
+<b>immediately,</b> tuj.<br>
+<b>imminent,</b> surpenda, minaca.<br>
+<b>impassive,</b> stoika, kvietega.<br>
+<!-- =============================154.png============================ -->
+<b>impertinent,</b> impertinenta.<br>
+<b>implement,</b> ilo.<br>
+<b>implicate,</b> impliki.<br>
+<b>importune,</b> trud'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>impose,</b> trudi, trompi.<br>
+<b>impregnable,</b> fortika, nekaptebla.<br>
+<b>impress,</b> impresi.<br>
+<b>improvize,</b> improvizi.<br>
+<b>impudent,</b> senhonta.<br>
+<b>inch,</b> colo.<br>
+<b>incident,</b> okaza&#309;o, epizodo.<br>
+<b>incite,</b> instigi; inciti.<br>
+<b>incline,</b> inklini, deklivo.<br>
+<b>include,</b> enhavi, enkalkuli.<br>
+<b>income,</b> enspezo, rento.<br>
+<b>incommode,</b> &#285;eni.<br>
+<b>incompatible,</b> nekunigebla.<br>
+<b>increase,</b> kreski, pli'igi, -i&#285;i.<br>
+<b>incriminate,</b> enkulpigi.<br>
+<b>indeed,</b> efektive, ja.<br>
+<b>independent,</b> sendependa.<br>
+<b>index,</b> nomaro; montra tabelo.<br>
+<b>india-rubber,</b> ka&#365;&#265;uko.<br>
+<b>indifferent,</b> indiferenta.<br>
+<b>indigenous,</b> indi&#285;ena, enlanda.<br>
+<b>indignant (to be),</b> indigni.<br>
+<b>indirect,</b> malrekta, pera.<br>
+<b>indispensable,</b> nepre necesa.<br>
+<b>individual,</b> individuo.<br>
+<b>indolent,</b> senenergia.<br>
+<b>indomitable,</b> necedigebla.<br>
+<b>indorse,</b> dorseskribi, &#285;iri.<br>
+<b>induce,</b> decidigi, alkonduki.<br>
+<b>indulge,</b> indulgi.<br>
+<b>industrious,</b> diligenta, laborema<br>
+<b>industry,</b> <i>(business)</i>, industrio.<br>
+<b>infantry,</b> infanterio.<br>
+<b>infect,</b> infekti.<br>
+<b>infiltrate,</b> ensorbi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>infinite,</b> senlima, sennombra, senfina.<br>
+<b>infirm,</b> kaduka, malforta.<br>
+<b>inflammation,</b> brulumo.<br>
+<b>influence,</b> influ'o, -i sur.<br>
+<b>influenza,</b> gripo, influenco.<br>
+<b>inform,</b> informi, sciigi.<br>
+<b>infuse,</b> infuzi.<br>
+<b>inherit,</b> heredi.<br>
+<b>initiate,</b> iniciati.<br>
+<b>inject,</b> en&#349;prucigi, en&#309;eti.<br>
+<b>injection,</b> <i>(med.)</i>, klistero.<br>
+<b>injure,</b> vundi, difekti, malutili.<br>
+<b>inquest,</b> enketo.<br>
+<b>inquisitive,</b> sciama, scivolo.<br>
+<b>insect,</b> insekto.<br>
+<b>inside,</b> interna, <i>(&mdash;out)</i> returnite.<br>
+<b>insidious,</b> insida.<br>
+<b>insist,</b> insisti.<br>
+<b>inspector,</b> inspektoro.<br>
+<b>inspire,</b> enspiri, inspiri.<br>
+<b>instigate,</b> instigi.<br>
+<b>instinct,</b> instinkto.<br>
+<b>institution,</b> instituto.<br>
+<b>instructions,</b> instrukcio.<br>
+<b>insult,</b> ofendi; malhonori.<br>
+<b>insure,</b> asekuri.<br>
+<b>intellect,</b> intelekto, prudento.<br>
+<b>intelligent,</b> inteligenta.<br>
+<b>intend,</b> intenci.<br>
+<b>intense,</b> ega, intensa.<br>
+<b>intercourse,</b> interrilato.<br>
+<b>interest,</b> procento, rentumo, intereso, interes'i, -igi,
+-i&#285;i.<br>
+<b>interfere,</b> sin inter'meti, -miksi, sin altrudi.<br>
+<b>interrupt,</b> interrompi.<br>
+<b>interval,</b> inter'spaco, -tempo.<br>
+<b>intervene,</b> interveni.<br>
+<b>interview,</b> intervjuo.<br>
+<b>intricate,</b> malsimpla, komplika.<br>
+<b>introduce,</b> prezenti, enkonduki.<br>
+<b>intrude,</b> trudi.<br>
+<b>invade,</b> invadi.<br>
+<b>invaluable,</b> netaksebla.<br>
+<b>invent,</b> elpensi.<br>
+<b>invert,</b> renversi.<br>
+<b>invest,</b> <i>(money)</i>, procent'doni, -meti.<br>
+<b>invoice,</b> fakturo, kalkulo.<br>
+<!-- =============================155.png============================ -->
+<b>iris,</b> (<i>of eye</i>), iriso; (<i>flower</i>) irido.<br>
+<b>iron,</b> fero; gladi.<br>
+<b>ironmonger,</b> fera&#309;isto.<br>
+<b>irony,</b> ironio.<br>
+<b>irritate,</b> inciti, kolerigi.<br>
+<b>island,</b> insulo.<br>
+<b>isolate,</b> izoli.<br>
+<b>isthmus,</b> terkolo, istmo.<br>
+<b>italics,</b> (<i>in&mdash;</i>), kursive.<br>
+<b>itch,</b> juki.<br>
+<b>item,</b> ero.<br>
+<b>itinerant,</b> vaganta.<br>
+<b>ivory,</b> eburo, elefantosto.<br>
+<b>ivy,</b> hedero.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>J</b></center>
+
+<b>jackal,</b> &#349;akalo.<br>
+<b>jacket,</b> jako, &#309;aketo.<br>
+<b>jam,</b> frukta&#309;o, konfita&#309;o.<br>
+<b>jaw,</b> makzelo. &mdash;<b>s</b>. fa&#365;ko.<br>
+<b>jealous,</b> &#309;aluza.<br>
+<b>jelly,</b> gelateno.<br>
+<b>jessamine,</b> jasmeno.<br>
+<b>jewel,</b> juvelo.<br>
+<b>jingle,</b> tinti.<br>
+<b>join,</b> kun'igi, -i&#285;i; unui&#285;i kun, ali&#285;i.<br>
+<b>joiner,</b> ligna&#309;isto.<br>
+<b>joint,</b> artiko; kuni&#285;o.<br>
+<b>joist,</b> trabo.<br>
+<b>joke,</b> &#349;erci.<br>
+<b>journal,</b> &#309;urnalo; taglibro.<br>
+<b>journey,</b> voja&#285;'i, -o; veturi.<br>
+<b>joy,</b> &#285;oj'o. be &mdash;ful, -i.<br>
+<b>jubilee,</b> jubileo.<br>
+<b>judgment,</b> ju&#285;o.<br>
+<b>judicious,</b> prudenta, sa&#285;a.<br>
+<b>jug,</b> kru&#265;o.<br>
+<b>juggle,</b> &#309;ongli.<br>
+<b>juice,</b> suko.<br>
+<b>jump,</b> salti.<br>
+<b>jury,</b> ju&#285;antaro, &#309;urintaro.<br>
+<b>juryman,</b> &#309;urinto.<br>
+<b>just,</b> justa; &#285;uste; (<i>time</i>) &#309;us.<br>
+<b>justify,</b> pravigi.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>K</b></center>
+
+<b>keel,</b> kilo.<br>
+<b>keep,</b> teni, gardi, konservi.<br>
+<b>kernel,</b> kerno.<br>
+<b>kettle,</b> kaldrono, bolilo.<br>
+<b>key,</b> &#349;losilo, (<i>piano</i>) klavo.<br>
+<b>kick,</b> piedfrapi.<br>
+<b>kidney,</b> reno.<br>
+<b>kill,</b> mortigi, bu&#265;i, senvivigi.<br>
+<b>kind,</b> speco; afabla, bonkora<br>
+<b>kingdom,</b> regno, re&#285;lando.<br>
+<b>kingfisher,</b> alciono.<br>
+<b>kiss,</b> kisi.<br>
+<b>knapsack,</b> tornistro.<br>
+<b>knave,</b> fripono; (<i>cards</i>) lakeo.<br>
+<b>knead,</b> knedi.<br>
+<b>knee,</b> genuo.<br>
+<b>kneel,</b> genufleksi.<br>
+<b>knife,</b> tran&#265;ilo.<br>
+<b>knight,</b> kavaliro.<br>
+<b>knit,</b> triki.<br>
+<b>knock,</b> frapi.<br>
+<b>knot,</b> nodo, (<i>in wood</i>) lignotubero<br>
+<b>know,</b> (&mdash;<i>a fact</i>), scii; (<i>as a person</i>)
+koni.<br>
+<b>knuckle,</b> fingroartiko; (<i>hock</i>) poplito.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>L</b></center>
+
+<b>label,</b> surskribeto, etiketo.<br>
+<b>lace,</b> punto; pasamento; (<i>boot</i>&mdash;),
+la&#265;o.<br>
+<b>lacquer,</b> lako.<br>
+<b>ladder,</b> &#349;tupetaro.<br>
+<b>ladle,</b> &#265;erp'i, -ilo.<br>
+<!-- =============================156.png============================ -->
+<b>ladybird,</b> kokcinelo.<br>
+<b>lagoon,</b> laguno.<br>
+<b>lair,</b> bestku&#349;ejo, nestego.<br>
+<b>lake,</b> lago; lakru&#285;o.<br>
+<b>lame,</b> kripla. to be&mdash;, lami.<br>
+<b>lamp,</b> lampo, lanterno, (-<i>wick</i>) me&#265;o.<br>
+<b>land,</b> lando; tero; surteri&#285;i.<br>
+<b>landscape,</b> pejza&#285;o, vida&#309;o.<br>
+<b>language,</b> lingv'o, -a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>lapwing,</b> vanelo.<br>
+<b>larch,</b> lariko.<br>
+<b>lard,</b> lardi; porkograso.<br>
+<b>lark,</b> ala&#365;do.<br>
+<b>last,</b> lasta, fina; da&#365;ri; (<i>boot</i>-)
+boto&#349;tipo.<br>
+<b>lath,</b> lato.<br>
+<b>lathe,</b> tornilo.<br>
+<b>lattice,</b> krad'o, -a&#309;o; lata&#309;o.<br>
+<b>laurel,</b> la&#365;ro.<br>
+<b>lava,</b> lafo.<br>
+<b>lavender,</b> lavendo.<br>
+<b>law,</b> le&#285;o; juro, (-<i>suit</i>) proceso.<br>
+<b>lawn,</b> batisto; herbejeto.<br>
+<b>lay,</b> meti; (<i>eggs</i>) demeti; laika.<br>
+<b>layer,</b> tavolo; (<i>plants</i>) markoti.<br>
+<b>lead,</b> konduki.<br>
+<b>lead,</b> plumbo. <b>black</b>&mdash;, grafito.<br>
+<b>leaf,</b> folio, paperfolio.<br>
+<b>league,</b> ligo.<br>
+<b>leak,</b> traflueti.<br>
+<b>lean,</b> klini. &mdash;<b>on</b>, sin apogi sur;
+malgrasa.<br>
+<b>leap year,</b> superjaro.<br>
+<b>learn,</b> lerni, scii&#285;i pri.<br>
+<b>learned,</b> klera, instruita.<br>
+<b>leather,</b> ledo.<br>
+<b>leave,</b> lasi, forlasi; deiri; testamenti; restigi.<br>
+<b>lecture,</b> parolad'o, -i; prelego.<br>
+<b>leech,</b> hirudo.<br>
+<b>leek,</b> poreo.<br>
+<b>leg,</b> kruro, (<i>of fowl, etc</i>.) femuro.<br>
+<b>legacy,</b> hereda&#309;o, testamenta&#309;o.<br>
+<b>legend,</b> legendo, fabelo.<br>
+<b>legitimate,</b> rajta, la&#365;le&#285;a.<br>
+<b>lemon,</b> citrono.<br>
+<b>lemonade,</b> limonado.<br>
+<b>lend,</b> pruntedoni.<br>
+<b>lentil,</b> lento.<br>
+<b>leprosy,</b> lepro.<br>
+<b>lesson,</b> leciono.<br>
+<b>let,</b> lasi, permesi; (<i>a house</i>) luigi<br>
+<b>lettuce,</b> laktuko.<br>
+<b>level,</b> ebena; nivel'o, -ilo.<br>
+<b>lever,</b> levilo.<br>
+<b>liberal,</b> liberal'a, -ulo.<br>
+<b>library,</b> biblioteko.<br>
+<b>lichen,</b> likeno.<br>
+<b>lick,</b> leki.<br>
+<b>lie,</b> ku&#349;i, (<i>tell a</i>&mdash;) mensogi.<br>
+<b>life,</b> vivo, vigleco.<br>
+<b>lift,</b> levi, levilo, lifto, elevatoro.<br>
+<b>light,</b> lum'i, -o; (ek)lumigi, malpeza.<br>
+<b>like,</b> simila; kiel; &#349;ati.<br>
+<b>likely,</b> ver&#349;ajne, kredeble.<br>
+<b>lilac,</b> siringo.<br>
+<b>lily,</b> lilio; (<i>of the valley</i>) konvalo.<br>
+<b>lime,</b> kalko; (<i>tree</i>) tilio.<br>
+<b>limit,</b> lim'o, -igi.<br>
+<b>limp,</b> lami, lameti.<br>
+<b>line,</b> linio; sub&#349;tofi.<br>
+<b>linen,</b> tolo, lina&#309;o, (<i>washing</i>)
+tola&#309;o.<br>
+<b>linnet,</b> kanabeno.<br>
+<b>lint,</b> &#265;arpio.<br>
+<b>lip,</b> lipo.<br>
+<b>liquid,</b> fluid'a, -a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>liquidate,</b> likvidi.<br>
+<b>liqueur,</b> likvoro.<br>
+<b>liquorice,</b> glicirizo.<br>
+<b>list,</b> tabelo, nomaro, listo, katalogo, registro.<br>
+<b>literal,</b> la&#365;litera, la&#365;vorta.<br>
+<b>literature,</b> literaturo; (<i>polite</i>&mdash;)
+beletristiko.<br>
+<!-- =============================157.png============================ -->
+<b>live,</b> vivi, lo&#285;i.<br>
+<b>liver,</b> hepato.<br>
+<b>livery,</b> livreo.<br>
+<b>lizard,</b> lacerto.<br>
+<b>load,</b> &#349;ar&#285;'i, -o; <i>(&mdash;a gun)</i>
+&#349;argi<br>
+<b>loaf,</b> pano, panbulo.<br>
+<b>lobby,</b> vestiblo.<br>
+<b>lobster,</b> omaro.<br>
+<b>local,</b> loka, tiea, regiona.<br>
+<b>lock,</b> &#349;losi; seruro; <i>(hair)</i> tufo;
+<i>(canal)</i> kluzo.<br>
+<b>locust,</b> akrido.<br>
+<b>log,</b> &#349;tipo, bloko.<br>
+<b>loins,</b> lumbo.<br>
+<b>lonely,</b> sol'a, -eca, -ula.<br>
+<b>long,</b> longa. <b>&mdash;for,</b> sopiri pri.<br>
+<b>look,</b> aspekto, mieno. <b>&mdash;at,</b> rigardi.
+<b>&mdash;for,</b> ser&#265;i. <b>&mdash;after,</b> zorgi pri,
+varti.<br>
+<b>loop,</b> ma&#349;o.<br>
+<b>Lord,</b> <i>(the&mdash;)</i> Sinjoro, <i>(a&mdash;)</i>
+nobelo.<br>
+<b>lose,</b> perdi, malgajni, <i>(clock)</i> malrapidi.<br>
+<b>lots,</b> <i>(cast)</i>, loti.<br>
+<b>lottery,</b> loterio.<br>
+<b>loud,</b> la&#365;ta.<br>
+<b>love,</b> ami. <b>make&mdash;,</b> amindumi.<br>
+<b>loyal,</b> lojala, fidela.<br>
+<b>lozenge,</b> pastelo, <i>(&mdash;shape)</i> lozan&#285;o.<br>
+<b>luck,</b> feli&#265;o, &#349;anco, sorto.<br>
+<b>lucky,</b> feli&#265;a.<br>
+<b>luggage,</b> paka&#309;oj.<br>
+<b>lull,</b> luli; trankviligi.<br>
+<b>lamp,</b> bulo, maso, &#349;vela&#309;o.<br>
+<b>long,</b> pulmo.<br>
+<b>lupin,</b> lupeno.<br>
+<b>luxury,</b> lukso.<br>
+<b>lynch,</b> lin&#265;i.<br>
+<b>lynx,</b> linko.<br>
+<b>lyre,</b> liro.<br>
+<b>lyric,</b> lirika.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>M</b></center>
+
+<b>machine,</b> ma&#349;ino.<br>
+<b>mackerel,</b> skombro.<br>
+<b>mad,</b> freneza, rabia.<br>
+<b>magic,</b> magio.<br>
+<b>magnanimous,</b> grandanima<br>
+<b>magpie,</b> pigo.<br>
+<b>mahogany,</b> mahagono.<br>
+<b>majesty,</b> majesto, Mo&#349;to.<br>
+<b>major,</b> <i>(milit.)</i>, majoro.<br>
+<b>majority,</b> plimulto; plena&#285;o.<br>
+<b>make,</b> fari, -igi; fabriki.<br>
+<b>male,</b> vira, virseksa.<br>
+<b>malicious,</b> malica.<br>
+<b>mallow,</b> malvo; <i>(marsh&mdash;)</i> alteo.<br>
+<b>malt,</b> malto.<br>
+<b>mammal,</b> mambesto.<br>
+<b>manage,</b> administri, <i>(&mdash;a house)</i> mastrumi.<br>
+<b>mane,</b> kolharoj.<br>
+<b>mange,</b> favo, skabio.<br>
+<b>mania,</b> manio.<br>
+<b>manna,</b> manao.<br>
+<b>manner,</b> maniero; teni&#285;o, mieno.<br>
+<b>manners,</b> moroj.<br>
+<b>manoeuvre,</b> manovro.<br>
+<b>mantle,</b> mantelo.<br>
+<b>manufacture,</b> fabriki, manufakturo.<br>
+<b>manure,</b> sterko.<br>
+<b>manuscript,</b> manuskripto.<br>
+<b>map,</b> karto, geografikarto.<br>
+<b>maple,</b> acero.<br>
+<b>marble,</b> marmoro; globeto.<br>
+<b>march,</b> mar&#349;i.<br>
+<b>marigold,</b> kalendulo.<br>
+<b>mark,</b> sign'o, -i; mark'o.<br>
+<b>market,</b> vendejo, foiro, komercejo.<br>
+<b>marl,</b> kalkargilo.<br>
+<b>marrow,</b> ostocerbo, <i>(vegetable&mdash;)</i>
+kukurbeto.<br>
+<b>marry,</b> edz (in) -igi, -i&#285;i.<br>
+<!-- =============================158.png============================ -->
+<b>marsh,</b> mar&#265;o.<br>
+<b>martyr,</b> martiro, suferanto.<br>
+<b>mask,</b> masko.<br>
+<b>mason,</b> masonisto. <b>free&mdash;,</b> framosono.<br>
+<b>mass,</b> amaso, <i>(church)</i> meso.<br>
+<b>mast,</b> masto.<br>
+<b>master,</b> mastro, majstro.<br>
+<b>mastiff,</b> korthundo, dogo,<br>
+<b>mat,</b> mato.<br>
+<b>match,</b> alumeto; parigi.<br>
+<b>matchmaker,</b> svatist'o, -ino.<br>
+<b>material,</b> &#349;tofo, materialo.<br>
+<b>mattress,</b> matraco.<br>
+<b>mayor,</b> urbestro.<br>
+<b>meadow,</b> herbejo.<br>
+<b>meal,</b> faruno; <i>(a&mdash;)</i> man&#285;o.<br>
+<b>mean,</b> celi diri; signifi; malnobla.<br>
+<b>meaning,</b> signifo, senco.<br>
+<b>means,</b> rimedo. <b>by&mdash;of,</b> per.<br>
+<b>measles,</b> morbilo.<br>
+<b>measure,</b> mezuri; <i>(music)</i> takto.<br>
+<b>meat,</b> viando.<br>
+<b>mechanic,</b> me&#293;anikisto, metiisto<br>
+<b>meddle,</b> enmiksi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>medicine,</b> <i>(a)</i>, kuracilo, medikamento,
+<i>(science)</i> medicine.<br>
+<b>meditate,</b> mediti.<br>
+<b>medium,</b> meza; <i>(a)</i>, mediumo.<br>
+<b>meek,</b> modesta, kvieta.<br>
+<b>meet,</b> renkonti, -i&#285;i; kunveni.<br>
+<b>melody,</b> melodio.<br>
+<b>melt,</b> fluid'i&#285;i, -igi, <i>(metals)</i> fandi.<br>
+<b>memory,</b> memoro.<br>
+<b>mend,</b> ripari, (<i>patch</i>) fliki.<br>
+<b>mental,</b> spirita, intelekta, cerba.<br>
+<b>merchant,</b> komercisto, negocisto.<br>
+<b>mercy,</b> kompato, indulge, korfavoreco.<br>
+<b>merry,</b> gaja; <i>(to be&mdash;)</i> gaji.<br>
+<b>mesh,</b> ma&#349;o, -a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>Messiah,</b> Mesio.<br>
+<b>metal,</b> metalo.<br>
+<b>method,</b> metodo.<br>
+<b>middle,</b> mezo.<br>
+<b>midwife,</b> aku&#349;istino.<br>
+<b>mignonette,</b> resedo.<br>
+<b>migrate,</b> migri.<br>
+<b>mild,</b> milda, neforta, kvieta<br>
+<b>mile,</b> mejlo.<br>
+<b>military,</b> milita.<br>
+<b>milk,</b> lakto, melki.<br>
+<b>mind,</b> spirito, animo; intelekto atenti, zorgi pri, ne
+ofendi&#285;i<br>
+<b>mine,</b> mini, subfosi; mia.<br>
+<b>mineral,</b> mineralo.<br>
+<b>minister,</b> pastro, <i>(polit.)</i> ministro.<br>
+<b>mint,</b> mento.<br>
+<b>minutes,</b> <i>(of meeting, etc.)</i>, protokolo.<br>
+<b>miracle,</b> miraklo.<br>
+<b>mirror,</b> spegulo.<br>
+<b>misery,</b> mizero.<br>
+<b>mission,</b> misio.<br>
+<b>mistake,</b> erar'o, -i.<br>
+<b>mistletoe,</b> visko.<br>
+<b>mite,</b> akaro.<br>
+<b>mix,</b> miksi.<br>
+<b>mob,</b> popolamaso, popola&#265;o, fipopolo, kanajlaro.<br>
+<b>mock,</b> moki.<br>
+<b>model,</b> modelo.<br>
+<b>moderate,</b> modera.<br>
+<b>modern,</b> moderna.<br>
+<b>modest,</b> modesta.<br>
+<b>molasses,</b> melaso, sukerresta&#309;o.<br>
+<b>mole,</b> talpo; digo.<br>
+<b>molest,</b> &#285;eni, sin altrudi al.<br>
+<b>monarch,</b> monar&#293;o.<br>
+<b>money,</b> mono, <b>-order,</b> po&#349;tmandato.<br>
+<b>mongrel,</b> hibrida.<br>
+<b>monk,</b> mona&#293;o.<br>
+<b>monkey,</b> simio.<br>
+<b>monster,</b> monstro.<br>
+<b>mood,</b> modo.<br>
+<b>moor,</b> stepo, erikejo; <i>(&mdash;a ship)</i> alligi.<br>
+<b>moral,</b> morala, bonmora.<br>
+<b>mortar,</b> mortero, <i>(a&mdash;)</i> pistujo.<br>
+<!-- =============================159.png============================ -->
+<b>mortgage,</b> hipoteko.<br>
+<b>mortify,</b> &#265;agreni; gangreni&#285;i.<br>
+<b>mortification,</b> (<i>med.</i>), gangrene.<br>
+<b>mosaic,</b> mozaiko.<br>
+<b>mosquito,</b> moskito.<br>
+<b>moss,</b> musko.<br>
+<b>moth,</b> (<i>clothes</i>&mdash;), tineo.<br>
+<b>motive,</b> motivo.<br>
+<b>motto,</b> devizo, moto.<br>
+<b>mould,</b> model'i, -ilo; tero, &#349;imo.<br>
+<b>mound,</b> alta&#309;eto, remparo, digo.<br>
+<b>mourn,</b> funebri. <b>-ing,</b> funebra vesto.<br>
+<b>move,</b> mov'i, -i&#285;i.<br>
+<b>movement,</b> movo, movado.<br>
+<b>mow,</b> fal&#265;i.<br>
+<b>mud,</b> koto, &#349;limo.<br>
+<b>muddle,</b> fu&#349;i; konfuzi.<br>
+<b>muff,</b> mufo.<br>
+<b>mug,</b> pokaleto.<br>
+<b>mulberry,</b> moruso.<br>
+<b>mule,</b> mulo.<br>
+<b>mummy,</b> mumo.<br>
+<b>murmur,</b> murmuri.<br>
+<b>muscle,</b> muskolo.<br>
+<b>museum,</b> muzeo.<br>
+<b>mushroom,</b> fungo, agariko.<br>
+<b>muslin,</b> muslino.<br>
+<b>mussel,</b> mitulo.<br>
+<b>must,</b> devi.<br>
+<b>mustard,</b> mustardo, (<i>-plant</i>), sinapo.<br>
+<b>mutual,</b> reciproka.<br>
+<b>myriad,</b> miriado.<br>
+<b>mystery,</b> mistero.<br>
+<b>myth,</b> mito.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>N</b></center>
+
+<b>nail,</b> najli; (<i>of finger, etc.</i>) ungo.<br>
+<b>naive,</b> naiva.<br>
+<b>naked,</b> nuda.<br>
+<b>nape,</b> nuko.<br>
+<b>nation,</b> nacio.<br>
+<b>native,</b> enlanda, indi&#285;ena; (&mdash;<i>land</i>)
+patrujo.<br>
+<b>nature,</b> naturo.<br>
+<b>nausea,</b> na&#365;zo.<br>
+<b>nave,</b> (<i>church</i>) navo; (<i>of wheel</i>) aksingo.<br>
+<b>navigable,</b> &#349;ipirebla.<br>
+<b>near,</b> proksima; apud.<br>
+<b>neat,</b> pura, bonorda.<br>
+<b>necktie,</b> kravato.<br>
+<b>nectar,</b> nektaro.<br>
+<b>need,</b> bezoni.<br>
+<b>neglect,</b> ne zorgi pri, preterlasi, malatenti.<br>
+<b>negociate,</b> negoci.<br>
+<b>neighbour,</b> najbaro, proksimulo. <b>&mdash;hood,</b>
+&#265;irka&#365;a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>neither,</b> nek.<br>
+<b>nerve,</b> nervo.<br>
+<b>net,</b> reto; tulo.<br>
+<b>nettle,</b> urtiko.<br>
+<b>neuter,</b> ne&#365;tra.<br>
+<b>neutral,</b> ne&#365;trala.<br>
+<b>news,</b> sciigo, nova&#309;o. <b>&mdash;paper,</b>
+&#309;urnalo, gazeto.<br>
+<b>next,</b> plejproksima, sekvanta.<br>
+<b>niche,</b> ni&#265;o.<br>
+<b>nightingale,</b> najtingalo.<br>
+<b>noble,</b> nobla. <b>-man,</b> nobelo.<br>
+<b>nod,</b> signodoni.<br>
+<b>noise,</b> bruo.<br>
+<b>nonsense,</b> sensenca&#309;o.<br>
+<b>noon,</b> tagmezo.<br>
+<b>noose,</b> ma&#349;o.<br>
+<b>nor,</b> nek.<br>
+<b>normal,</b> norma, normala.<br>
+<b>north,</b> nordo.<br>
+<b>note,</b> not'i, -o, rimark'i, -o, (<i>music</i>) noto,
+tono.<br>
+<b>notice,</b> rimarki, noti, avizo.<br>
+<b>nought,</b> nulo, nenio.<br>
+<b>nourish,</b> nutri.<br>
+<b>novel,</b> romano.<br>
+<!-- =============================160.png============================ -->
+<b>novice,</b> novico, novulo.<br>
+<b>now,</b> nun, nuntempe.<br>
+<b>numb,</b> rigida.<br>
+<b>number,</b> (<i>quantity</i>) nombro; (<i>No</i>.) numero;
+numeri.<br>
+<b>nurse,</b> (<i>a child</i>) varti, (<i>the sick</i>)
+flegi.<br>
+<b>nurseling,</b> su&#265;infano.<br>
+<b>nut,</b> nukso, (<i>of screw</i>) &#349;ra&#365;bingo.<br>
+<b>nutmeg,</b> muskato.<br>
+<b>nymph,</b> nimfo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>O</b></center>
+
+<b>oak,</b> kverko.<br>
+<b>oakum,</b> stupo.<br>
+<b>oasis,</b> oazo.<br>
+<b>oath,</b> (<i>legal</i>) juro; blasfemo.<br>
+<b>oatmeal,</b> grio, avenfaruno.<br>
+<b>oats,</b> aveno.<br>
+<b>object,</b> objekto, a&#309;o, (<i>aim</i>) celo.<br>
+<b>oblige,</b> devigi; fari komplezon.<br>
+<b>observe,</b> rimarki; vidi, observi.<br>
+<b>obstinate,</b> obstina.<br>
+<b>obstruct,</b> bari, obstrukci.<br>
+<b>obtain,</b> ricevi, akiri, havigi al si.<br>
+<b>occasion,</b> okazo, okazigi.<br>
+<b>occur,</b> okazi.<br>
+<b>octopus,</b> okpiedulo.<br>
+<b>off,</b> for, de.<br>
+<b>offend,</b> ofendi.<br>
+<b>offence,</b> ofendo, kulpo, peko.<br>
+<b>offer,</b> propono.<br>
+<b>office,</b> ofico, oficejo, kontoro.<br>
+<b>officer,</b> oficisto, (<i>milit.</i>) oficiro.<br>
+<b>officiate,</b> funkcii; de&#309;ori; servi kiel.<br>
+<b>offspring,</b> ido, idaro.<br>
+<b>often,</b> ofte.<br>
+<b>oil,</b> oleo. <b>-cloth,</b> vakstolo.<br>
+<b>ointment,</b> &#349;mira&#309;o.<br>
+<b>olive,</b> olivo.<br>
+<b>omnibus,</b> omnibuso.<br>
+<b>omnipotent,</b> &#265;iopova.<br>
+<b>omniscient,</b> &#265;ioscia.<br>
+<b>once,</b> unufoje, iam, foje.<br>
+<b>onion,</b> bulbo.<br>
+<b>only,</b> nur, sola.<br>
+<b>ooze,</b> traguteti; &#349;limo.<br>
+<b>open,</b> malferm'i, -a.<br>
+<b>opera,</b> opero. <b>-glass,</b> lorneto.<br>
+<b>operate,</b> funkciigi; (<i>med.</i>) operacii.<br>
+<b>opinion,</b> opinio; (<i>be of&mdash;</i>), opinii.<br>
+<b>opium,</b> opio.<br>
+<b>opportunity,</b> okazo.<br>
+<b>oppress,</b> subpremi.<br>
+<b>or,</b> a&#365;.<br>
+<b>oracle,</b> orakolo.<br>
+<b>orange,</b> oran&#285;'o, -kolora.<br>
+<b>orbit,</b> orbito.<br>
+<b>orchard,</b> fruktarbejo.<br>
+<b>orchestra,</b> orkestro.<br>
+<b>orchid,</b> orkideo.<br>
+<b>order,</b> ordo; klaso; ordoni; mendi; (<i>postal</i>)
+po&#349;tmandato, (<i>decoration</i>) ordeno.<br>
+<b>ore,</b> mina&#309;o, mineralo, metalo.<br>
+<b>organ,</b> organo, -ilo; (<i>music</i>) orgeno.<br>
+<b>organic,</b> organika.<br>
+<b>organise,</b> organizi.<br>
+<b>origin,</b> deveno, origino.<br>
+<b>original,</b> original'a, -o.<br>
+<b>ornament,</b> ornamo; garnituro.<br>
+<b>orphan,</b> orf'o, -ino.<br>
+<b>oscillate,</b> balanci&#285;i, pendoli.<br>
+<b>osier,</b> salika&#309;o.<br>
+<b>ostentation,</b> fanfaronade, parado.<br>
+<b>ostrich,</b> struto.<br>
+<b>other,</b> alia, cetera.<br>
+<b>ought,</b> devus.<br>
+<b>ounce,</b> unco.<br>
+<b>outlaw,</b> proskripcii.<br>
+<b>outlay,</b> elspezo.<br>
+<b>outlet,</b> defluejo, elirejo.<br>
+<b>outline,</b> konturo, skizo.<br>
+<!-- =============================161.png============================ -->
+<b>outrage,</b> perfort'a&#309;o, -i.<br>
+<b>oval,</b> ovalo, ovoforma.<br>
+<b>oven,</b> forno.<br>
+<b>overall,</b> kitelo, supervesto.<br>
+<b>overcoat,</b> palto.<br>
+<b>overlook,</b> esplori, pardoni, malatenti.<br>
+<b>overseer,</b> laborestro, kontrolisto, vokto.<br>
+<b>overtake,</b> kuratingi.<br>
+<b>overturn,</b> renversi.<br>
+<b>owe,</b> &#349;uldi.<br>
+<b>owing to,</b> pro, ka&#365;ze de.<br>
+<b>owl,</b> strigo, gufo.<br>
+<b>own.,</b> propra; posedi; konfesi.<br>
+<b>ox,</b> bovo.<br>
+<b>oyster,</b> ostro.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>P</b></center>
+
+<b>pack,</b> paki. <b>&mdash;up,</b> enpaki.<br>
+<b>pad,</b> &#349;vela&#309;o, pufo; remburi.<br>
+<b>pagan,</b> idol'isto, -ano.<br>
+<b>page,</b> pa&#285;o; (<i>boy</i>) lakeeto; (<i>noble</i>)
+pa&#285;io.<br>
+<b>pail,</b> sitelo.<br>
+<b>pain,</b> dolor'o, -i; igi. <b>take&mdash;s,</b> peni.<br>
+<b>paint,</b> pentri, kolori; <b>-brush,</b> peniko.<br>
+<b>pair,</b> paro.<br>
+<b>pale,</b> pala; malhela.<br>
+<b>paling,</b> palisaro.<br>
+<b>palm,</b> palmo, manplato.<br>
+<b>palpitation,</b> korbatado.<br>
+<b>pan,</b> tervazo. <b>sauce-</b>, kaserolo; <b>frying-,</b>
+pato.<br>
+<b>pane,</b> vitra&#309;o.<br>
+<b>pansy,</b> violo trikolora, trikoloreto.<br>
+<b>paper,</b> papero. <b>wall-,</b> tapeto.<br>
+<b>parable,</b> kompara&#309;o, alegorio.<br>
+<b>parade,</b> parado, pompo.<br>
+<b>paragraph,</b> paragrafo.<br>
+<b>parchment,</b> pergameno.<br>
+<b>parish,</b> paro&#293;o.<br>
+<b>park,</b> parko.<br>
+<b>parliament,</b> parlamento.<br>
+<b>parrot,</b> papago.<br>
+<b>parsley,</b> petroselo.<br>
+<b>parson,</b> pastro.<br>
+<b>particular,</b> speciala, aparta.<br>
+<b>partridge,</b> perdriko.<br>
+<b>party,</b> (<i>polit.</i>) partio; festeto; aro.<br>
+<b>pass,</b> pasi, pasigi.<br>
+<b>passage,</b> trairejo, voja&#285;o.<br>
+<b>passion,</b> pasio; manio; kolerego.<br>
+<b>past,</b> estinta, pasinta.<br>
+<b>paste,</b> pasto.<br>
+<b>pastry,</b> paste&#265;o.<br>
+<b>pasture,</b> pa&#349;ti, pa&#349;tejo.<br>
+<b>patch,</b> fliki.<br>
+<b>path,</b> vojeto.<br>
+<b>pathetic,</b> kortu&#349;a.<br>
+<b>patience,</b> pacienco.<br>
+<b>patriot,</b> patrioto.<br>
+<b>pattern,</b> modelo, desegno.<br>
+<b>pause,</b> halteti, pa&#365;zi.<br>
+<b>pave,</b> pavimi.<br>
+<b>paw,</b> piedego.<br>
+<b>pawn,</b> garantie doni; (<i>chess</i>) soldato.<br>
+<b>pay,</b> pagi; salajro.<br>
+<b>pea,</b> pizo.<br>
+<b>peace,</b> paco.<br>
+<b>peach,</b> persiko.<br>
+<b>peacock,</b> pavo.<br>
+<b>peak,</b> pinto.<br>
+<b>pear,</b> piro.<br>
+<b>pearl,</b> perlo.<br>
+<b>pedal,</b> pedalo.<br>
+<b>pedestal,</b> piedestalo.<br>
+<b>peel,</b> &#349;elo, sen&#349;eligi.<br>
+<b>pen,</b> plumo, skribilo.<br>
+<b>pencil,</b> krajono, (<i>slate</i>&mdash;) grifelo;
+(<i>hair</i>&mdash;) peniko.<br>
+<b>pendulum,</b> pendolo.<br>
+<!-- =============================162.png============================ -->
+<b>penetrate,</b> penetri<br>
+<b>peninsula,</b> duoninsulo.<br>
+<b>pension,</b> pensio.<br>
+<b>people,</b> homoj, (a&mdash;) popolo.<br>
+<b>pepper,</b> pipro.<br>
+<b>percentage,</b> procento.<br>
+<b>perch,</b> (<i>fish</i>) per&#265;o.<br>
+<b>perfect,</b> perfekta.<br>
+<b>perhaps,</b> eble.<br>
+<b>period,</b> periodo.<br>
+<b>perish,</b> perei.<br>
+<b>persecute,</b> persekuti, turmenti.<br>
+<b>persist,</b> persisti, da&#365;ri.<br>
+<b>person,</b> persono.<br>
+<b>pestle,</b> pistilo.<br>
+<b>petroleum,</b> petrolo.<br>
+<b>petulant,</b> petola, inciti&#285;ema.<br>
+<b>pewter,</b> stanplumbo.<br>
+<b>phantom,</b> fantomo, apero.<br>
+<b>phase,</b> fazo.<br>
+<b>pheasant,</b> fazano.<br>
+<b>phenomenon,</b> fenomeno.<br>
+<b>philanthropist,</b> filantropo.<br>
+<b>philanthropy,</b> filantropio.<br>
+<b>phrase,</b> frazo, frazero.<br>
+<b>piano,</b> fortepiano.<br>
+<b>pickaxe,</b> pikfosilo, pio&#265;o.<br>
+<b>pickle,</b> pekli.<br>
+<b>picture,</b> bildo, pentra&#309;o; prezenti, ilustri.<br>
+<b>pie,</b> paste&#265;o.<br>
+<b>pig,</b> porko. <b>guinea-</b>, kobajo.<br>
+<b>pike,</b> (<i>fish</i>), ezoko.<br>
+<b>pilgrimage,</b> (<i>go on&mdash;</i>), pilgrimi.<br>
+<b>pill,</b> pilolo.<br>
+<b>pillow,</b> kapkuseno.<br>
+<b>pilot,</b> pilot'o, -i; gvidi.<br>
+<b>pimpernel,</b> anagalo.<br>
+<b>pimple,</b> akno.<br>
+<b>pin,</b> pinglo, pinglefiksi.<br>
+<b>pincers,</b> prenilo.<br>
+<b>pinch,</b> pin&#265;i.<br>
+<b>pine,</b> pino; konsumi&#285;i. <b>-apple,</b> ananaso.<br>
+<b>pink,</b> rozkolora; dianto.<br>
+<b>pioneer,</b> pioniro.<br>
+<b>pipe,</b> tubo, pipo; (<i>mus.</i>) &#349;almo.<br>
+<b>pistol,</b> pistol'o, -eto.<br>
+<b>piston,</b> pi&#349;to.<br>
+<b>pit,</b> kavo, fosa&#309;o, (<i>well</i>) puto;
+(<i>theatre</i>) partero.<br>
+<b>pitch,</b> pe&#265;o, bitumo; tono.<br>
+<b>pitcher,</b> kru&#265;o.<br>
+<b>pity,</b> kompati. (<i>a-</i>), doma&#285;o.<br>
+<b>pivot,</b> pivoto, akso.<br>
+<b>placard,</b> afi&#349;o,<br>
+<b>place,</b> loko; meti.<br>
+<b>plague,</b> turmenti, inciteti; pesto.<br>
+<b>plait,</b> plekti, har'ligo, -plekta&#309;o,<br>
+<b>plan,</b> plano, projekto, skizo.<br>
+<b>plane,</b> rabot'i, -ilo; (<i>&mdash;tree</i>) platano.<br>
+<b>planet,</b> planedo.<br>
+<b>plank,</b> tabulo.<br>
+<b>plant,</b> kreska&#309;o; planti.<br>
+<b>plash,</b> pla&#365;di.<br>
+<b>plaster,</b> plastro; (<i>of Paris</i>) gipso.<br>
+<b>plate,</b> telero; (<b>photo</b>) kli&#349;a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>platform,</b> estrado; plata&#309;o; perono, trotuaro.<br>
+<b>play,</b> ludi; teatra&#309;o. <b>-ful</b>, petola.<br>
+<b>please,</b> pla&#265;i al, kontentigi.<br>
+<b>pleasant,</b> afabla, agrabla.<br>
+<b>pledge,</b> garantia&#309;o.<br>
+<b>pliable,</b> fleksebla.<br>
+<b>plot,</b> konspir'i, -o; intrig'i, -o.<br>
+<b>plough,</b> plug'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>plum,</b> pruno.<br>
+<b>plumber,</b> plumbisto.<br>
+<b>plural,</b> multenombro.<br>
+<b>plush,</b> plu&#349;o.<br>
+<b>pocket,</b> po&#349;o, enpo&#349;igi.<br>
+<b>pod,</b> &#349;elo.<br>
+<b>poem,</b> poemo.<br>
+<b>poet,</b> poeto.<br>
+<b>poetry,</b> poezio, versa&#309;o.<br>
+<!-- =============================163.png============================ -->
+<b>point,</b> punkto; (<i>cards</i>) poento; (<i>tip</i>)
+pinto.<br>
+<b>poison,</b> veneno.<br>
+<b>poker,</b> fajrinstigilo.<br>
+<b>pole,</b> stango; (<i>of car</i>) timono; (<i>geog</i>.)
+poluso.<br>
+<b>polecat,</b> putoro.<br>
+<b>police,</b> police, (&mdash;<i>court</i>) ju&#285;ejo.<br>
+<b>policy,</b> politiko.<br>
+<b>polish,</b> poluri.<br>
+<b>politics,</b> politiko.<br>
+<b>pompous,</b> pompa.<br>
+<b>poodle,</b> pudelo.<br>
+<b>poor,</b> malri&#265;a, kompatinda.<br>
+<b>pope,</b> papo.<br>
+<b>poplar,</b> poplo.<br>
+<b>poppy,</b> papavo. -<b>coloured</b>, punca<br>
+<b>popular,</b> populara.<br>
+<b>porcelain,</b> porcelano.<br>
+<b>porcupine,</b> histriko.<br>
+<b>porous,</b> pora, trua&#309;a.<br>
+<b>porpoise,</b> fokeno.<br>
+<b>porridge,</b> ka&#265;o.<br>
+<b>port,</b> haveno.<br>
+<b>porter,</b> portisto, pordisto.<br>
+<b>portion,</b> parto, (<i>ration</i>) porcio,<br>
+<b>portmanteau,</b> valizo.<br>
+<b>position,</b> pozicio, situacio.<br>
+<b>positive,</b> pozitiva, definitiva.<br>
+<b>possess,</b> posedi, havi<br>
+<b>possible,</b> ebla.<br>
+<b>post,</b> stango, fosto; ofico. <b>letter</b>&mdash;,
+po&#349;to.<br>
+<b>postage,</b> postelspezo, (<i>stamp</i>) po&#349;tmarko.<br>
+<b>posture,</b> teni&#285;o, pozo, pozicio.<br>
+<b>potato,</b> terpomo.<br>
+<b>potent,</b> potenca.<br>
+<b>poultice,</b> kataplasmo.<br>
+<b>poultry,</b> kortbirdoj.<br>
+<b>pound,</b> funto, (<i>money</i>) funto sterlinga; pisti.<br>
+<b>pour,</b> ver&#349;i (<i>liquids</i>), &#349;uti.<br>
+<b>powder,</b> pulvoro. <b>gun</b>-, pulvo; (<i>face</i>&mdash;)
+pudro.<br>
+<b>power,</b> povo, potenco.<br>
+<b>practise,</b> sin ekzerci; (<i>profession</i>) praktiki.<br>
+<b>praise,</b> la&#365;di, glori.<br>
+<b>pray,</b> pre&#285;i, peti.<br>
+<b>preach,</b> prediki.<br>
+<b>precaution,</b> anta&#365;zorgo.<br>
+<b>precious,</b> altvalora, karega<br>
+<b>precipice,</b> krutega&#309;o; profundega&#309;o.<br>
+<b>precise,</b> preciza, &#285;usta.<br>
+<b>prefer,</b> preferi.<br>
+<b>prefix,</b> prefiks'i, -o.<br>
+<b>pregnant,</b> graveda.<br>
+<b>prejudice,</b> anta&#365;ju&#285;o.<br>
+<b>premium,</b> premio.<br>
+<b>prepare,</b> prepari, pretigi.<br>
+<b>prescription,</b> recepto.<br>
+<b>present,</b> (<i>be</i>), apudesti, &#265;eesti; (<i>gift</i>)
+donaco.<br>
+<b>present,</b> prezenti, donaci.<br>
+<b>preserve,</b> konservi, konfito.<br>
+<b>preside,</b> prezidi.<br>
+<b>press,</b> premi; gazetaro, &#309;urnalaro.<br>
+<b>pretend,</b> preteksti, &#349;ajnigi.<br>
+<b>price,</b> prezo, kosto.<br>
+<b>prick,</b> piki.<br>
+<b>primrose,</b> primolo.<br>
+<b>principle,</b> principo.<br>
+<b>print,</b> presi; gravura&#309;o.<br>
+<b>prison,</b> malliberejo.<br>
+<b>private,</b> privata, konfidencia.<br>
+<b>privilege,</b> privilegio.<br>
+<b>prize,</b> premio; &#349;ati.<br>
+<b>probable,</b> kredebla.<br>
+<b>problem,</b> problemo.<br>
+<b>proboscis,</b> rostro.<br>
+<b>process,</b> proceso.<br>
+<b>procession,</b> procesio.<br>
+<b>proclaim,</b> proklami.<br>
+<b>profession,</b> profesio.<br>
+<b>professor,</b> profesoro<br>
+<!-- =============================164.png============================ -->
+<b>profit,</b> profito, gajno.<br>
+<b>progress,</b> progreso.<br>
+<b>pronounce,</b> elparoli.<br>
+<b>proof,</b> pruvo, provo, presprova&#309;o.<br>
+<b>proper,</b> &#285;usta, konvena, deca.<br>
+<b>prophesy,</b> profeti, anta&#365;diri.<br>
+<b>proportion,</b> proporcio.<br>
+<b>propose,</b> proponi.<br>
+<b>prosecute,</b> persekuti, procesi kontra&#365;.<br>
+<b>protect,</b> protekti, &#349;irmi.<br>
+<b>protest,</b> protesti.<br>
+<b>proud,</b> fiera.<br>
+<b>provide,</b> provizi.<br>
+<b>provoke,</b> inciti, kolerigi.<br>
+<b>prudent,</b> singardema.<br>
+<b>public,</b> publika, komuna.<br>
+<b>puff,</b> pufo. &mdash;<b>up,</b> &#349;vel'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>pug,</b> mopso.<br>
+<b>pull,</b> tiri.<br>
+<b>pulley,</b> rulbloko.<br>
+<b>pulp,</b> mola&#309;o.<br>
+<b>pump,</b> pump'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>pumice-stone,</b> pumiko.<br>
+<b>pupil,</b> lernanto; (<i>of eye</i>) pupilo.<br>
+<b>pure,</b> pura, virta.<br>
+<b>purple,</b> purpura.<br>
+<b>purpose,</b> cel'i, -o; intenci.<br>
+<b>push,</b> pu&#349;i; (<i>along</i>) &#349;ovi.<br>
+<b>put,</b> meti. &mdash;<b>off</b>, prokrasti.
+&mdash;<b>aside</b>, apartigi.<br>
+<b>putrid,</b> putra.<br>
+<b>puzzle,</b> enigmo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>Q</b></center>
+
+<b>quadruped,</b> kvarpiedulo.<br>
+<b>quail,</b> koturno.<br>
+<b>Quaker,</b> kvakero.<br>
+<b>quality,</b> kvalito, eco.<br>
+<b>quantity,</b> kvanto, kiomo.<br>
+<b>quarry,</b> &#349;tonminejo.<br>
+<b>quarter,</b> kvarono, (<i>district</i>) kvartalo.<br>
+<b>quay,</b> kajo, en (el) &#349;ipigejo.<br>
+<b>question,</b> demandi, dubi.<br>
+<b>quick,</b> rapida, <b>-en,</b> akceli.<br>
+<b>quicksilver,</b> hidrargo.<br>
+<b>quiet,</b> kvieta, trankvila.<br>
+<b>quinine,</b> kinino.<br>
+<b>quinsy,</b> angino.<br>
+<b>quite,</b> tute.<br>
+<b>quits,</b> kvitaj.<br>
+<b>quorum,</b> kvorumo.<br>
+<b>quote,</b> citi.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>R</b></center>
+
+<b>rabbit,</b> kuniklo.<br>
+<b>race,</b> raso, gento; vetkuri.<br>
+<b>radish,</b> rafaneto. <b>horse-,</b> rafano.<br>
+<b>raft,</b> floso.<br>
+<b>rag,</b> &#265;ifono.<br>
+<b>rail,</b> relo. <b>-way,</b> fervojo. <b>-way station,</b>
+stacidomo.<br>
+<b>rainbow,</b> &#265;ielarko.<br>
+<b>raisin,</b> sekvinbero.<br>
+<b>rake,</b> rast'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>rampart,</b> remparo.<br>
+<b>rancid,</b> ranca.<br>
+<b>rank,</b> vico, grado, rango.<br>
+<b>raspberry,</b> frambo.<br>
+<b>rat,</b> rato.<br>
+<b>rate,</b> procento, &mdash;<b>of,</b> po.<br>
+<b>rattle,</b> kraketi. <b>-snake,</b> sonserpento.<br>
+<b>raven,</b> korvo.<br>
+<b>raw,</b> kruda, nekuirita.<br>
+<b>reach,</b> atingi, trafi.<br>
+<b>ready,</b> preta. <b>-money,</b> kontanto.<br>
+<b>real,</b> vera, reala, efektiva.<br>
+<b>ream,</b> rismo.<br>
+<b>reap,</b> rikolti.<br>
+<!-- =============================165.png============================ -->
+<b>reason,</b> (cause) ka&#365;zo, (faculty) prudento;
+rezoni.<br>
+<b>reasonable,</b> prudenta.<br>
+<b>rebel,</b> ribeli.<br>
+<b>receipt,</b> kvitanco, ricevo.<br>
+<b>receipts,</b> enspezoj.<br>
+<b>receive,</b> ricevi, akcepti.<br>
+<b>recipe,</b> recepto, formulo.<br>
+<b>recite,</b> deklami.<br>
+<b>recruit,</b> rekruto; varbi.<br>
+<b>refer to,</b> sin turni al.<br>
+<b>refine,</b> rafini.<br>
+<b>refuge,</b> (<i>take</i>) rifu&#285;'i, -ejo.<br>
+<b>refuse,</b> rifuzi; for&#309;eta&#309;o, rubo.<br>
+<b>register,</b> registri, enskribi.<br>
+<b>regularly,</b> akurate, regule.<br>
+<b>reign,</b> re&#285;i; re&#285;ado, re&#285;eco.<br>
+<b>relate,</b> rakonti; rilati al.<br>
+<b>relation,</b> parenco; rilato.<br>
+<b>religion,</b> religio.<br>
+<b>remain,</b> resti.<br>
+<b>remedy,</b> kuracilo, rimedo.<br>
+<b>remember,</b> memori.<br>
+<b>remove,</b> translo&#285;'i&#285;i, -igi.<br>
+<b>rent,</b> luprezo.<br>
+<b>repeat,</b> ripeti, rediri.<br>
+<b>repent,</b> penti.<br>
+<b>report,</b> raporti; famo; (<i>official</i>) protokolo.<br>
+<b>represent,</b> reprezenti.<br>
+<b>reptile,</b> rampa&#309;o.<br>
+<b>republic,</b> respubliko.<br>
+<b>repugnance,</b> antipatio.<br>
+<b>require,</b> bezoni, postuli.<br>
+<b>resemble,</b> simili.<br>
+<b>reserve,</b> rezervi.<br>
+<b>resign,</b> eksi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>resignation,</b> resignacio; eksi&#285;o.<br>
+<b>resin,</b> rezino. <b>-wood,</b> keno.<br>
+<b>resolve,</b> decid'i, -o; solvi.<br>
+<b>respect,</b> respekti.<br>
+<b>responsible,</b> (<i>for</i>), responda pri.<br>
+<b>rest,</b> pa&#365;zo, resta&#309;o, kvieteco, ripozo,
+apogi.<br>
+<b>restaurant,</b> restoracio.<br>
+<b>result,</b> rezulti; sekvo; rezultato.<br>
+<b>retail,</b> detale, pomalgrande.<br>
+<b>revenge,</b> ven&#285;'o, -i.<br>
+<b>revolution,</b> revolucio.<br>
+<b>reward,</b> rekompenco, premio.<br>
+<b>rhubarb,</b> rabarbo.<br>
+<b>rhyme,</b> rim'i, -o.<br>
+<b>rhythm,</b> ritmo.<br>
+<b>rib,</b> ripo.<br>
+<b>ribbon,</b> rubando.<br>
+<b>rice,</b> rizo.<br>
+<b>riddle,</b> kribrilo; enigmo.<br>
+<b>right,</b> (<i>&mdash;hand</i>) dekstra; (<i>legal&mdash;</i>)
+rajto; (<i>straight</i>) rekta; (<i>correct</i>) prava.<br>
+<b>righteous,</b> justa, pia.<br>
+<b>ring,</b> ringo, rondo; sonorigi.<br>
+<b>ringworm,</b> favo.<br>
+<b>rinse,</b> gargari, laveti.<br>
+<b>riot,</b> tumulto.<br>
+<b>rise,</b> levi&#285;i, supreniri, deveni.<br>
+<b>risk,</b> riski.<br>
+<b>road,</b> vojo, strato. <b>-stead,</b> rodo.<br>
+<b>roar,</b> (<i>winds and waves</i>) mu&#285;i.<br>
+<b>roast,</b> rost'i, -a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>rob,</b> rabi.<br>
+<b>robe,</b> vesto, robo.<br>
+<b>robust,</b> fortika.<br>
+<b>rock,</b> &#349;tonego, roko; balanci, luli.<br>
+<b>rod,</b> vergo. <b>fishing-,</b> hokfadeno.<br>
+<b>rogue,</b> fripono, kanajlo.<br>
+<b>roll,</b> rul'i, -i&#285;i; kunvolva&#309;o, (<i>bread</i>)
+bulko.<br>
+<b>roof,</b> tegmento.<br>
+<b>rook,</b> frugilego.<br>
+<b>root,</b> radik'o, enradiki.<br>
+<b>rope,</b> &#349;nurego.<br>
+<b>rot,</b> putri.<br>
+<b>round,</b> ronda; &#265;irka&#365;.<br>
+<b>rouse,</b> eksciti, veki.<br>
+<b>row,</b> vico; remi.<br>
+<b>rubbish,</b> rubo, for&#309;eta&#309;o.<br>
+<!-- =============================166.png============================ -->
+<b>ruby,</b> rubeno.<br>
+<b>rudder,</b> direktilo.<br>
+<b>rue,</b> ruto; beda&#365;regi, penti.<br>
+<b>ruin,</b> ruin'o, -igi.<br>
+<b>rule,</b> regi, regado; regulo.<br>
+<b>ruler,</b> registo; liniilo.<br>
+<b>rumour,</b> famo.<br>
+<b>run,</b> kuri; flui.<br>
+<b>rapture,</b> rompo; hernio.<br>
+<b>ruse,</b> ruzo.<br>
+<b>rush,</b> junko; kuregi.<br>
+<b>rust,</b> rusti.<br>
+<b>rut,</b> radkavo, radsigno.<br>
+<b>rye,</b> sekalo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>S</b></center>
+
+<b>sable,</b> zibelo.<br>
+<b>sacrifice,</b> ofero.<br>
+<b>saddle,</b> selo.<br>
+<b>sagacious,</b> sagaca.<br>
+<b>sage,</b> salvio; sa&#285;a.<br>
+<b>sail,</b> velo; na&#285;i.<br>
+<b>salad,</b> salato.<br>
+<b>salmon,</b> salmo.<br>
+<b>salt,</b> salo, <b>&mdash;meat,</b> pekla&#309;o.<br>
+<b>saltpetre,</b> salpetro, nitro.<br>
+<b>same,</b> sama.<br>
+<b>sample,</b> specimeno,<br>
+<b>sanction,</b> sankcii.<br>
+<b>sap,</b> suko.<br>
+<b>sapphire,</b> safiro.<br>
+<b>sarcasm,</b> sarkasmo.<br>
+<b>sardine,</b> sardelo.<br>
+<b>sated (to be),</b> sati.<br>
+<b>satin,</b> atlaso.<br>
+<b>saturate,</b> saturi.<br>
+<b>sauce,</b> sa&#365;co, <b>-pan,</b> kaserolo.<br>
+<b>saucer,</b> subtaso.<br>
+<b>sausage,</b> kolbaso.<br>
+<b>save,</b> savi, &#349;pari; krom.<br>
+<b>savoury,</b> bongusta.<br>
+<b>scaffold,</b> e&#349;afodo; traba&#309;o.<br>
+<b>scald,</b> brogi.<br>
+<b>scale,</b> skalo, <i>(fish)</i> skvamo; tarifo.<br>
+<b>scales,</b> pesilo.<br>
+<b>scandal,</b> skandalo.<br>
+<b>scar,</b> cikatro.<br>
+<b>scarf,</b> skarpo.<br>
+<b>scarlet,</b> skarlato.<br>
+<b>scene,</b> vida&#309;o, sceno.<br>
+<b>scenery,</b> pejza&#309;o.<br>
+<b>scent,</b> odoro, parfumo; flari.<br>
+<b>scissors,</b> tondilo.<br>
+<b>scold,</b> ripro&#265;i, malla&#365;di.<br>
+<b>scorpion,</b> skorpio.<br>
+<b>scoundrel,</b> kanajlo.<br>
+<b>scour,</b> frotlavi;<br>
+<b>scourge,</b> skur&#285;i.<br>
+<b>scrape,</b> skrapi, raspi.<br>
+<b>scratch,</b> grati.<br>
+<b>screen,</b> &#349;irm'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>screw,</b> &#349;ra&#365;bo.<br>
+<b>scrupulous,</b> konscienca, skrupula.<br>
+<b>sculpture,</b> skulpti.<br>
+<b>scum,</b> &#349;a&#365;mo.<br>
+<b>scurvy,</b> skorbuto.<br>
+<b>seal,</b> sigel'i, -o, <i>(animal)</i> foko.<br>
+<b>seaside,</b> marbordo.<br>
+<b>season,</b> sezono; spici.<br>
+<b>seasonable,</b> &#285;ustatempa.<br>
+<b>secret,</b> sekreta, ka&#349;ita.<br>
+<b>secretary,</b> sekretario.<br>
+<b>section,</b> sekcio.<br>
+<b>secular,</b> monda.<br>
+<b>sedentary,</b> hejmsida, sida.<br>
+<b>sediment,</b> fe&#265;o.<br>
+<b>seed,</b> semo.<br>
+<b>seem,</b> &#349;ajni.<br>
+<b>seemly,</b> deca.<br>
+<b>seize,</b> ekkapti.<br>
+<b>select,</b> elekti, elelekti.<br>
+<b>selfish,</b> egoista.<br>
+<b>semicolon,</b> punktokomo.<br>
+<b>semolina,</b> tritika&#309;o.<br>
+<!-- =============================167.png============================ -->
+<b>send,</b> sendi, (&mdash;<i>for</i>) venigi.<br>
+<b>sensation,</b> sensacio,<br>
+<b>sense,</b> sento, senco.<br>
+<b>sensitive,</b> sentema.<br>
+<b>sensual,</b> volupta.<br>
+<b>sentence,</b> frazo, ju&#285;o, verdikto.<br>
+<b>sentiment,</b> sento, opinio.<br>
+<b>sentimental,</b> sentimentala.<br>
+<b>separate,</b> apart'a, -igi, disigi, malkunigi.<br>
+<b>serfdom,</b> servuto.<br>
+<b>sergeant,</b> ser&#285;ento.<br>
+<b>series,</b> serio.<br>
+<b>serious,</b> serioza.<br>
+<b>serve,</b> servi, (&mdash;<i>for</i>) ta&#365;gi.<br>
+<b>service,</b> servo, man&#285;ilaro, Diservo.<br>
+<b>serviette,</b> bu&#349;tuko,<br>
+<b>set,</b> meti, (&mdash;<i>on edge</i>) agaci.<br>
+<b>sew,</b> kudri, stebi.<br>
+<b>sewing machine,</b> stebilo.<br>
+<b>sex,</b> sekso.<br>
+<b>shade,</b> ombro, ombra&#309;o, nuanco<br>
+<b>shadow,</b> ombro.<br>
+<b>shaft,</b> (<i>of vehicle</i>) timono; (<i>pit</i>)
+&#349;akto.<br>
+<b>shake,</b> &#349;anceli, skui; tremi.<br>
+<b>shame,</b> hont'o, -igi.<br>
+<b>share,</b> dividi, partopreni; parto; porcio; akcio.<br>
+<b>shark,</b> &#349;arko.<br>
+<b>sharp,</b> akra, acida, pinta, pika.<br>
+<b>shatter,</b> frakasi.<br>
+<b>shawl,</b> &#349;alo.<br>
+<b>sheaf,</b> garbo.<br>
+<b>shear,</b> tondi.<br>
+<b>shed,</b> budo.<br>
+<b>sheet,</b> drapo, lit-tuko, tavolo.<br>
+<b>shelf,</b> breto.<br>
+<b>shell,</b> konko, &#349;elo, bombo.<br>
+<b>shelter,</b> &#349;irmilo, rifu&#285;ejo,<br>
+<b>shield,</b> &#349;ildo, &#349;irmi.<br>
+<b>shin,</b> tibio.<br>
+<b>shirt,</b> &#265;emizo.<br>
+<b>shock,</b> skueg'i, -o.<br>
+<b>shop,</b> butiko, magazeno.<br>
+<b>shoulder,</b> &#349;ultro,-<b>blade</b>, skapolo<br>
+<b>shovel,</b> &#349;ovel'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>show,</b> montri; parado.<br>
+<b>shrill,</b> sibla.<br>
+<b>shrivel,</b> sulki&#285;i.<br>
+<b>shrimp,</b> markankreto.<br>
+<b>shroud,</b> mortkitelo; ka&#349;i.<br>
+<b>sick,</b> (<i>be,</i>&mdash;) vomi.<br>
+<b>siege,</b> sie&#285;o, <b>be</b>-, sie&#285;i.<br>
+<b>sift,</b> kribri.<br>
+<b>sigh,</b> sopiri, ek&#285;emi.<br>
+<b>sight,</b> vidado, vida&#309;o.<br>
+<b>sign,</b> signo, subskribi.<br>
+<b>signal,</b> signalo.<br>
+<b>silent,</b> silenta.<br>
+<b>silk,</b> silko.<br>
+<b>sill,</b> sojlo.<br>
+<b>silver,</b> ar&#285;ento.<br>
+<b>simple,</b> simpla, naiva.<br>
+<b>since,</b> de kiam, &#265;ar, tial ke.<br>
+<b>sinew,</b> tendeno.<br>
+<b>situation,</b> situacio, sido, ofico.<br>
+<b>size,</b> grandeco, amplekso; for mato; glueto<br>
+<b>skate,</b> glit'i, -ilo; (<i>fish</i>) rajo.<br>
+<b>skeleton,</b> skeleto.<br>
+<b>sketch,</b> skizi.<br>
+<b>skilful,</b> lerta.<br>
+<b>skin,</b> ha&#365;to, felo.<br>
+<b>skirt,</b> jupo.<br>
+<b>skittles,</b> keglo.<br>
+<b>skull,</b> kranio.<br>
+<b>slander,</b> kalumnii.<br>
+<b>slanting,</b> oblikva.<br>
+<b>slate,</b> ardezo. -<b>s</b>, tegmenta&#309;o.<br>
+<b>slave,</b> sklavo.<br>
+<b>sleeve,</b> maniko.<br>
+<b>slipper,</b> pantoflo.<br>
+<b>slime,</b> &#349;limo.<br>
+<b>sloe,</b> prunelo.<br>
+<b>slope,</b> deklivo.<br>
+<b>sluice,</b> kluzo.<br>
+<b>sly,</b> ruza, ka&#349;ema.<br>
+<!-- =============================168.png============================ -->
+<b>smallpox,</b> variolo.<br>
+<b>smart,</b> eleganta; doloreti.<br>
+<b>smear,</b> &#349;miri.<br>
+<b>smell,</b> flari, odori.<br>
+<b>smelt,</b> fandi.<br>
+<b>smock,</b> kitelo.<br>
+<b>smoke,</b> fumi, (<i>fish, etc.</i>) fuma&#309;i.<br>
+<b>smooth,</b> glata, ebena.<br>
+<b>smother,</b> sufoki.<br>
+<b>smuggle,</b> kontrabandi.<br>
+<b>snail,</b> heliko.<br>
+<b>snake,</b> serpento.<br>
+<b>sneeze,</b> terni.<br>
+<b>snore,</b> ronki.<br>
+<b>snowdrop,</b> galanto.<br>
+<b>so,</b> tiel, tiamaniere. <b>&mdash;much</b>, tiom.<br>
+<b>soak,</b> trempi.<br>
+<b>soap,</b> sap'o, -umi.<br>
+<b>sober,</b> sobra, serioza.<br>
+<b>social,</b> sociala.<br>
+<b>society,</b> socio, societo.<br>
+<b>socket,</b> ingo.<br>
+<b>sod,</b> bulo.<br>
+<b>soda,</b> sodo.<br>
+<b>sofa,</b> sofo, kanapo.<br>
+<b>soft,</b> mola, delikata.<br>
+<b>soil,</b> tero.<br>
+<b>solder,</b> luti.<br>
+<b>soldier,</b> soldato, militisto.<br>
+<b>sole,</b> sola; (<i>fish</i>) soleo; (<i>foot</i>) plando;
+(<i>boot</i>) ledplando.<br>
+<b>solemn,</b> solena.<br>
+<b>solfa,</b> notkanti.<br>
+<b>solicitor,</b> advokato.<br>
+<b>solid,</b> fortika; solida, malfluida.<br>
+<b>solidarity,</b> solidareco.<br>
+<b>sonorous,</b> sonora.<br>
+<b>soot,</b> fulgo.<br>
+<b>sorcery,</b> sor&#265;o.<br>
+<b>sorry (be),</b> beda&#365;ri.<br>
+<b>sort,</b> speco.<br>
+<b>soul,</b> animo.<br>
+<b>sound,</b> son'o, -i; sondi.<br>
+<b>soup,</b> supo.<br>
+<b>sour,</b> acida, malgaja.<br>
+<b>source,</b> fonto, deveno.<br>
+<b>south,</b> sudo.<br>
+<b>space,</b> spaco; (<i>of time</i>) da&#365;ro<br>
+<b>sparrow,</b> pasero. <b>-hawk</b>, akcipitro.<br>
+<b>spawn,</b> fraj'o, -i; fi&#349;osemo<br>
+<b>spear,</b> lanco, ponardego<br>
+<b>special,</b> speciala.<br>
+<b>spectacles,</b> okulvitroj.<br>
+<b>speculate,</b> spekulacii, teoriigi, konjekti.<br>
+<b>spell,</b> silabi; sor&#265;a&#309;o.<br>
+<b>spend,</b> elspezi.<br>
+<b>sphere,</b> sfero.<br>
+<b>sphinx,</b> sfinkso.<br>
+<b>spice,</b> spico.<br>
+<b>spill,</b> disver&#349;i, dis&#349;uti.<br>
+<b>spin,</b> &#349;pini.<br>
+<b>spinach,</b> spinaco.<br>
+<b>spiral,</b> helikforma.<br>
+<b>spirii,</b> spirito; energio; fantomo; alkoholo.<br>
+<b>spit,</b> kra&#265;i; sputi.<br>
+<b>spite,</b> malamo, ven&#285;o, (<i>in&mdash;of</i>)
+malgra&#365;; spite.<br>
+<b>splash,</b> &#349;pruci; pla&#365;di.<br>
+<b>spleen,</b> lieno; spleno<br>
+<b>split,</b> fendi, spliti.<br>
+<b>spoil,</b> difekti, malbonigi; ruinigi; akiro.<br>
+<b>spoke,</b> (<i>wheel,</i>) radio.<br>
+<b>sponge,</b> spongo.<br>
+<b>spontaneous,</b> propra'mova, -vola.<br>
+<b>spot,</b> makulo.<br>
+<b>spout,</b> &#349;pruci.<br>
+<b>sprain,</b> tordi, distordo<br>
+<b>spread,</b> disvast'igi' -i&#285;i; etendi, sterni.<br>
+<b>spring,</b> printempo, fonto, risorto, salti.<br>
+<b>sprinkle,</b> &#349;pruci, aspergi.<br>
+<b>spur,</b> sprono.<br>
+<!-- =============================169.png============================ -->
+<b>spy,</b> spioni; esplori.<br>
+<b>squadron,</b> skadro, eskadro.<br>
+<b>square,</b> kvadrato; rektangulilo; placo.<br>
+<b>squint,</b> strabi.<br>
+<b>squirrel,</b> sciuro.<br>
+<b>staff,</b> (<i>officers</i>), stabo.<br>
+<b>stage,</b> estrado, scenejo.<br>
+<b>stain,</b> makul'o, -i.<br>
+<b>stair,</b> &#349;tupo.<br>
+<b>stake,</b> paliso, fosto; veto.<br>
+<b>stalk,</b> trunketo.<br>
+<b>stall,</b> budo, stalo.<br>
+<b>stammer,</b> balbuti.<br>
+<b>stamp,</b> stampi; po&#349;tmarko; piedfrapi.<br>
+<b>starch,</b> amelo.<br>
+<b>starling,</b> sturno.<br>
+<b>state,</b> stato; &#348;tato; esprimi, diri, aserti.<br>
+<b>station,</b> stacio, stacidomo.<br>
+<b>steak,</b> bifsteko.<br>
+<b>steel,</b> &#349;talo.<br>
+<b>steep,</b> kruta; trempi.<br>
+<b>steer,</b> direkti, piloti.<br>
+<b>step,</b> &#349;tupo; pa&#349;i.<br>
+<b>steppe,</b> stepo.<br>
+<b>steward,</b> intendanto.<br>
+<b>stick,</b> bastono, glui,(&mdash;<i>bills</i>) afi&#349;i.<br>
+<b>stiff,</b> rigida.<br>
+<b>still,</b> kvieta; ankora&#365;, tamen.<br>
+<b>stimulate,</b> stimuli.<br>
+<b>sting,</b> piki.<br>
+<b>stipulate,</b> kondi&#265;i.<br>
+<b>stock,</b> provizi.<br>
+<b>stocks,</b> rentoj.<br>
+<b>stocking,</b> &#349;trumpo.<br>
+<b>stoker,</b> hejtisto.<br>
+<b>stomach,</b> stomako.<br>
+<b>stone,</b> &#349;tono, (<i>of fruit</i>) grajno.<br>
+<b>stool,</b> skabelo, benketo.<br>
+<b>stoop,</b> kurbi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>stop,</b> halt'i, -igi; resti, pa&#365;zi;
+(<i>full</i>&mdash;) punkto; &#349;topi.<br>
+<b>stopper,</b> &#349;topilo.<br>
+<b>store,</b> magazeno; tenejo; proviz'o, -i.<br>
+<b>stork,</b> cikonio.<br>
+<b>storm,</b> ventego.<br>
+<b>story,</b> rakonto, fabelo; eta&#285;o.<br>
+<b>stout,</b> dika.<br>
+<b>strain,</b> stre&#265;i; filtri, kribri.<br>
+<b>strait,</b> markolo; embarasajxo.<br>
+<b>strange,</b> stranga, kurioza, fremda.<br>
+<b>strap,</b> rimeno.<br>
+<b>straw,</b> pajlo.<br>
+<b>strawberry,</b> frago.<br>
+<b>streak,</b> strio, strek'i, -o.<br>
+<b>stretch,</b> stre&#265;i.<br>
+<b>stretcher,</b> homportilo.<br>
+<b>strict,</b> severa.<br>
+<b>strike,</b> frapi; striko.<br>
+<b>strip,</b> strio; (&mdash;<i>off</i>) senigi je.<br>
+<b>strong,</b> forta, fortika.<br>
+<b>struggle,</b> barakti; batali.<br>
+<b>student,</b> studento, lernanto, studanto.<br>
+<b>stuff,</b> &#349;tofo; remburi.<br>
+<b>stupid,</b> stulta, malsprita.<br>
+<b>stupor,</b> letargio.<br>
+<b>sturgeon,</b> sturgo.<br>
+<b>style,</b> stilo; modo.<br>
+<b>subject,</b> objekto; temo; (<i>gram.</i>) subjekto.<br>
+<b>subscribe,</b> (<i>to journal</i>) aboni; (<i>to society</i>)
+kotizi; (<i>sign</i>) subskribi; (<i>money</i>) monoferi.<br>
+<b>substance,</b> &#349;tofo, substanco.<br>
+<b>succeed,</b> sukcesi; sekvi.<br>
+<b>suck,</b> su&#265;i.<br>
+<b>suckle,</b> mamnutri.<br>
+<b>sudden,</b> subita, abrupta,<br>
+<b>suet,</b> rensebo.<br>
+<b>suffer,</b> suferi, toleri.<br>
+<b>sufficient,</b> sufi&#265;a. <b>be</b>&mdash;, -i<br>
+<b>suffrage,</b> vo&#265;donrajto.<br>
+<b>suggest,</b> proponi, inspiri, pensigi.<br>
+<!-- =============================170.png============================ -->
+<b>suit,</b> konveni; ta&#365;gi.<br>
+<b>suitable,</b> deca, konvena, ta&#365;ga.<br>
+<b>sum,</b> sumo. &mdash;<b>up</b>, resumi.<br>
+<b>summer,</b> somero. -<b>house</b>, la&#365;bo.<br>
+<b>summon,</b> kunvoki, procesi.<br>
+<b>superfluity,</b> superfluo, tromulto.<br>
+<b>superintendent,</b> intendanto.<br>
+<b>superior,</b> supera.<br>
+<b>superstition,</b> supersti&#265;o.<br>
+<b>supple,</b> fleksebla.<br>
+<b>support,</b> subteni.<br>
+<b>suppose,</b> supozi, konjekti.<br>
+<b>sure,</b> certa<br>
+<b>surface,</b> supra&#309;o.<br>
+<b>surgeon,</b> &#293;irurgo.<br>
+<b>surgery,</b> &#293;irurgio.<br>
+<b>surprise,</b> mir'o, -igi, (<i>take by</i>&mdash;)
+surprizi.<br>
+<b>surrender,</b> cedi, kapitulaci.<br>
+<b>survey,</b> termezuri.<br>
+<b>susceptible,</b> impresema.<br>
+<b>suspect,</b> suspekti.<br>
+<b>swaddle,</b> vindi.<br>
+<b>swagger,</b> fanfaroni.<br>
+<b>swallow,</b> hirundo; gluti.<br>
+<b>swan,</b> cigno.<br>
+<b>swear,</b> &#309;uri; blasfemi.<br>
+<b>sweat,</b> &#349;viti.<br>
+<b>sweep,</b> balai.<br>
+<b>swell,</b> &#349;veli.<br>
+<b>swing,</b> balanc'i, -i&#285;i; svingi.<br>
+<b>sword,</b> glavo, spado.<br>
+<b>sycamore,</b> sikomoro.<br>
+<b>syllable,</b> silabo.<br>
+<b>syllabus,</b> temaro.<br>
+<b>symbol,</b> simbolo, emblemo, signo<br>
+<b>symmetry,</b> simetrio.<br>
+<b>sympathy,</b> kompato, simpatio.<br>
+<b>symptom,</b> simptomo.<br>
+<b>syndicate,</b> sindikato.<br>
+<b>syrup,</b> siropo; melaso.<br>
+<b>system,</b> sistemo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>T</b></center>
+
+<b>table,</b> tablo, tabelo.<br>
+<b>tact,</b> delikateco, takto<br>
+<b>tactics,</b> taktiko.<br>
+<b>tail,</b> vosto.<br>
+<b>tailor,</b> tajloro.<br>
+<b>talent,</b> talento.<br>
+<b>talk,</b> interparolad'i, -o; konversacio.<br>
+<b>tallow,</b> sebo.<br>
+<b>talon,</b> ungego.<br>
+<b>tame,</b> dresi; malsova&#285;a.<br>
+<b>tan,</b> tan'i, -ilo.<br>
+<b>tankard,</b> pokalo.<br>
+<b>tap,</b> krano; frapeti.<br>
+<b>tape,</b> katunrubando.<br>
+<b>tar,</b> gudr'o, -umi.<br>
+<b>tart,</b> torto; acida.<br>
+<b>task,</b> tasko.<br>
+<b>taste,</b> gust'o, -umi.<br>
+<b>tattoo,</b> tatui.<br>
+<b>tax,</b> imposto.<br>
+<b>tea,</b> teo.<br>
+<b>teach,</b> instrui, lernigi.<br>
+<b>tear,</b> &#349;iri.<br>
+<b>tear,</b> larmo.<br>
+<b>tease,</b> inciteti.<br>
+<b>tedious,</b> teda, enuiga.<br>
+<b>tell,</b> rakonti, diri.<br>
+<b>temper,</b> humoro, karaktero.<br>
+<b>temperate,</b> sobra, modera.<br>
+<b>temperature,</b> temperaturo.<br>
+<b>temple,</b> templo; tempio.<br>
+<b>tempt,</b> tenti.<br>
+<b>tenant,</b> luanto.<br>
+<b>tendency,</b> tendenco, emo, inklino.<br>
+<b>tenor,</b> tenoro; senco; signifo<br>
+<b>tent,</b> tendo<br>
+<b>terrace,</b> teraso.<br>
+<b>terror,</b> teruro.<br>
+<b>testify,</b> atesti.<br>
+<b>text,</b> teksto<br>
+<b>textile,</b> teksa.<br>
+<b>thaw,</b> degeli.<br>
+<!-- =============================171.png============================ -->
+<b>theatre,</b> teatro.<br>
+<b>then,</b> tiam, poste, do.<br>
+<b>thick,</b> dika; densa.<br>
+<b>thigh,</b> femuro.<br>
+<b>thing,</b> afero, a&#309;o, objekto.<br>
+<b>think,</b> pensi, opinii.<br>
+<b>thirst,</b> soif'i, -o.<br>
+<b>thistle,</b> kardo.<br>
+<b>thorn,</b> dorno.<br>
+<b>thrash,</b> dra&#349;i; skur&#285;i, bategi.<br>
+<b>threaten,</b> minaci.<br>
+<b>threshold,</b> sojlo.<br>
+<b>thrill,</b> eksciti.<br>
+<b>throat,</b> gor&#285;o, fa&#365;ko.<br>
+<b>throne,</b> trono.<br>
+<b>throw,</b> &#309;eti.<br>
+<b>thrush,</b> turdo.<br>
+<b>thunder,</b> tondr'i, -o.<br>
+<b>thus,</b> tiel, tiamaniere; jene<br>
+<b>thyme,</b> timiano.<br>
+<b>ticket,</b> bileto.<br>
+<b>tickle,</b> tikli, amuzi.<br>
+<b>tide,</b> tajdo, marfluo.<br>
+<b>tidy,</b> bonorda.<br>
+<b>tie,</b> ligi; kravato.<br>
+<b>tiger,</b> tigro.<br>
+<b>tile,</b> kahelo; tegolo.<br>
+<b>till,</b> &#285;is; prilabori.<br>
+<b>time,</b> tempo, fojo, da&#365;ro, (<i>mus.</i>) takto.
+<b>-table,</b> horaro.<br>
+<b>tin,</b> stano.<br>
+<b>tinkle,</b> tinti.<br>
+<b>tire,</b> lacigi, tedi.<br>
+<b>tired,</b> laca, enuigita.<br>
+<b>tissue,</b> teksa&#309;o.<br>
+<b>title,</b> titolo.<br>
+<b>titmouse,</b> paruo.<br>
+<b>toad,</b> bufo.<br>
+<b>toast,</b> panrosta&#309;o; toasto.<br>
+<b>tobacco,</b> tabako.<br>
+<b>toe,</b> piedfingro.<br>
+<b>toilet,</b> tualeto.<br>
+<b>tolerate,</b> toleri.<br>
+<b>tone,</b> tono.<br>
+<b>tongs,</b> prenilo.<br>
+<b>tongue,</b> lango.<br>
+<b>top,</b> supro, pinto; verto; turbo.<br>
+<b>torment,</b> turmenti.<br>
+<b>torrent,</b> torento.<br>
+<b>tortoise,</b> testudo<br>
+<b>total,</b> tuto.<br>
+<b>totter,</b> &#349;anceli&#285;i.<br>
+<b>tourist,</b> turisto.<br>
+<b>towel,</b> vi&#349;'ilo, -tuko.<br>
+<b>tower,</b> turo.<br>
+<b>town,</b> urbo.<br>
+<b>trace,</b> postesigno.<br>
+<b>trade,</b> negoci, komerci; metio, (&mdash;<i>union</i>)
+sindikato, metia unui&#285;o.<br>
+<b>tradition,</b> tradicio.<br>
+<b>train,</b> vagonaro; eduki, dresi; trena&#309;o.<br>
+<b>tram,</b> tramo, tramveturilo.<br>
+<b>translate,</b> traduki.<br>
+<b>translucent,</b> diafana.<br>
+<b>transparent,</b> travidebla.<br>
+<b>trap,</b> kaptilo, enfalejo; kariolo.<br>
+<b>travel,</b> voja&#285;i, veturi.<br>
+<b>tray,</b> pleto.<br>
+<b>treacle,</b> melaso.<br>
+<b>tread,</b> mar&#349;i, pa&#349;i<br>
+<b>treasure,</b> trezoro.<br>
+<b>treasurer,</b> kasisto.<br>
+<b>treat,</b> regali; kuraci; trakti.<br>
+<b>treaty,</b> kontrakto, trakta&#309;o.<br>
+<b>tree,</b> arbo.<br>
+<b>trellis,</b> palisplekta&#309;o.<br>
+<b>tremble,</b> tremi, skui&#285;i.<br>
+<b>tribe,</b> gento, tribo.<br>
+<b>trick,</b> fripon'i, -a&#309;o, (<i>cards</i>) preno.<br>
+<b>trickle,</b> guteti.<br>
+<b>trifle,</b> bagatelo, triviala&#309;o.<br>
+<b>tripe,</b> tripo.<br>
+<b>triumph,</b> triumf'i, -o.<br>
+<b>troop,</b> trupo, bando.<br>
+<b>tropic,</b> tropiko.<br>
+<b>trot,</b> troti.<br>
+<b>trough,</b> trogo.<br>
+<!-- =============================172.png============================ -->
+<b>trousers,</b> pantalono.<br>
+<b>trout,</b> truto.<br>
+<b>trowel,</b> trulo.<br>
+<b>tramp,</b> (<i>cards</i>), atuto.<br>
+<b>trumpet,</b>, trumpeto.<br>
+<b>trunk,</b> (<i>animal</i>) rostro; (<i>tree</i>) trunko;
+(<i>box</i>) kofro; (<i>body</i>) torso.<br>
+<b>trust,</b> fidi.<br>
+<b>try,</b> provi, peni.<br>
+<b>Tsar,</b> Caro.<br>
+<b>tuber,</b> tubero.<br>
+<b>tuft,</b> tufo.<br>
+<b>tumbler,</b> glaso.<br>
+<b>tumult,</b> tumulto.<br>
+<b>tune,</b> ario, melodio; agordi.<br>
+<b>turbot,</b> rombfi&#349;o.<br>
+<b>turkey,</b> meleagro.<br>
+<b>turn,</b> turn'i, -i&#285;i; torni; pivoti; vico.<br>
+<b>turnip,</b> napo.<br>
+<b>turpentine,</b> terebinto.<br>
+<b>turquoise,</b> turkiso.<br>
+<b>turtle-dove,</b> turto.<br>
+<b>tutor,</b> guvernisto.<br>
+<b>twilight,</b> krepusko.<br>
+<b>twin,</b> dunaskito, &#285;emelo.<br>
+<b>twist,</b> tordi.<br>
+<b>type,</b> modelo, tipo; presliteraro.<br>
+<b>tyrant,</b> tirano.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>U</b></center>
+
+<b>umbrella,</b> ombrelo, pluv&#349;irmilo.<br>
+<b>underline,</b> substreki.<br>
+<b>understand,</b> kompreni.<br>
+<b>undulating,</b> ondolinia.<br>
+<b>unfailingly,</b> nepre.<br>
+<b>uniform,</b> uniformo; unuforma.<br>
+<b>unit,</b> unuo.<br>
+<b>unite,</b> unu'i&#285;i, -igi; kun'i&#285;i, -igi.<br>
+<b>universe,</b> universo.<br>
+<b>unless,</b> esceptinte ke, se ne.<br>
+<b>up,</b> supre.<br>
+<b>upholster,</b> remburi.<br>
+<b>upright,</b> vertikala, rekta; honesta.<br>
+<b>upset,</b> renversi.<br>
+<b>upstairs,</b> supre.<br>
+<b>urchin,</b> bubo.<br>
+<b>urgent,</b> ur&#285;a.<br>
+<b>use,</b> uzi, utiligi,(<i>&mdash;up</i>) eluzi.<br>
+<b>useful,</b> utila, (<i>be&mdash;</i>) utili.<br>
+<b>usual,</b> ordinara, kutima.<br>
+<b>usurp,</b> uzurpi.<br>
+<b>usury,</b> procentego.<br>
+<b>utmost,</b> ekstrema.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>V</b></center>
+
+<b>vacant,</b> neokupata.<br>
+<b>vacate,</b> forlasi.<br>
+<b>vaccinate,</b> inokuli.<br>
+<b>vacillate,</b> &#349;anceli&#285;i.<br>
+<b>vain,</b> vana; vanta.<br>
+<b>valet,</b> lakeo, servisto.<br>
+<b>valley,</b> valo.<br>
+<b>value,</b> valoro; &#349;ati, estimi; taksi.<br>
+<b>valuation,</b> taks'o, -ado.<br>
+<b>valve,</b> klapo.<br>
+<b>various,</b> diversaj.<br>
+<b>varnish,</b> lak'i, -o.<br>
+<b>vase,</b> vazo.<br>
+<b>vast,</b> vasta, ampleksa.<br>
+<b>vat,</b> kuvego.<br>
+<b>vault,</b> arka&#309;o,<br>
+<b>vegetable,</b> legomo, vegeta&#309;'o. -a; kreska&#309;o.<br>
+<b>vegetate,</b> vegeti.<br>
+<b>vehicle,</b> veturilo.<br>
+<b>veil,</b> vual'o, -i.<br>
+<b>vein,</b> vejno.<br>
+<b>vellum,</b> veleno.<br>
+<b>velvet,</b> veluro.<br>
+<b>venerable,</b> respektinda.<br>
+<b>venerate,</b> respektegi.<br>
+<b>vent,</b> ellas'o, -truo.<br>
+<b>ventilate,</b> ventoli.<br>
+<!-- =============================173.png============================ -->
+<b>venture,</b> kura&#285;i, riski.<br>
+<b>verandah,</b> balkono.<br>
+<b>verb,</b> verbo.<br>
+<b>verbal,</b> parola, bu&#349;a.<br>
+<b>verbatim,</b> la&#365;vorte.<br>
+<b>verdict,</b> ju&#285;o, verdikto.<br>
+<b>verger,</b> sakristiano.<br>
+<b>vermicelli,</b> vermi&#265;elo.<br>
+<b>vermilion,</b> cinabro.<br>
+<b>verse,</b> verso, strofo.<br>
+<b>very, &mdash;much,</b> tre.<br>
+<b>vessel,</b> &#349;ipo; vazo, ujo.<br>
+<b>vest,</b> ve&#349;to; &#309;aketo.<br>
+<b>vestige,</b> postsigno.<br>
+<b>vex,</b> &#265;agreni.<br>
+<b>vibrate,</b> vibri, tremeti.<br>
+<b>vicar,</b> paro&#293;estro; vikario<br>
+<b>vice,</b> (<i>prefix</i>), vie-,<br>
+<b>victim,</b> viktimo, ofera&#309;o.<br>
+<b>victory,</b> venko, triumfo, sukceso.<br>
+<b>view,</b> vida&#309;o; perspektivo.<br>
+<b>vigilant,</b> vigla.<br>
+<b>vine,</b> vinberujo.<br>
+<b>violate,</b> malrespekti, malvirtigi.<br>
+<b>violence,</b> perforto.<br>
+<b>violet,</b> violo.<br>
+<b>violin,</b> violono.<br>
+<b>viper,</b> vipero, kolubro.<br>
+<b>virago,</b> megero.<br>
+<b>virgin,</b> virgulino, virga.<br>
+<b>virile,</b> vira.<br>
+<b>virtue,</b> virto.<br>
+<b>virus,</b> veneno, viruso.<br>
+<b>viscid,</b> glueca.<br>
+<b>vision,</b> vizio, vidado.<br>
+<b>visit,</b> viziti.<br>
+<b>vocabulary,</b> vortaro.<br>
+<b>voice,</b> vo&#265;o.<br>
+<b>void,</b> el&#309;eti, nuligi.<br>
+<b>volcano,</b> vulkano.<br>
+<b>volley,</b> salvo.<br>
+<b>volume,</b> volumo; volumeno, amplekso.<br>
+<b>voluntary,</b> memvola, propravola.<br>
+<b>voluptuous,</b> volupta.<br>
+<b>vote,</b> vo&#265;doni.<br>
+<b>vow,</b> solene promesi, dedi&#265;i.<br>
+<b>vowel,</b> vokalo.<br>
+<b>vulgar,</b> vulgara.<br>
+<b>vulture,</b> vulturo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>W</b></center>
+
+<b>wadding,</b> vato.<br>
+<b>waddle,</b> &#349;anceli&#285;i.<br>
+<b>wade,</b> vadi, akvotrairi.<br>
+<b>wages,</b> salajro.<br>
+<b>waggon,</b> &#349;ar&#285;veturilo, vagono<br>
+<b>waist,</b> talio, (-coat) ve&#349;to.<br>
+<b>wait,</b> atendi, (-on) servi.<br>
+<b>waiter,</b> kelnero.<br>
+<b>wake,</b> vek'i, -i&#285;i; &#349;ippostsigno.<br>
+<b>walk,</b> piediri, mar&#349;i, promeni.<br>
+<b>wallflower,</b> keiranto.<br>
+<b>walnut,</b> juglando.<br>
+<b>walrus,</b> rosmaro.<br>
+<b>waltz,</b> valso.<br>
+<b>wander,</b> vagi, deliri.<br>
+<b>want,</b> bezoni; seneco, manko; mizerego.<br>
+<b>ward,</b> zorgato.<br>
+<b>wardrobe,</b> vestotenejo; vestaro.<br>
+<b>warehouse,</b> tenejo, provizejo.<br>
+<b>wares,</b> komerca&#309;o.<br>
+<b>war,</b> milito.<br>
+<b>warm,</b> varma, fervora.<br>
+<b>warn,</b> averti, admoni.<br>
+<b>wart,</b> veruko.<br>
+<b>wasp,</b> vespo.<br>
+<b>waste,</b> mal&#349;pari.<br>
+<b>watch,</b> observi; spioni; po&#349;horlo&#285;o.<br>
+<b>water,</b> akvo; surver&#349;i.<br>
+<b>waterproof,</b> nepenetrebla.<br>
+<b>wave,</b> ondo; flirt'i, -igi.<br>
+<b>wax,</b> vakso.<br>
+<b>way,</b> vojo, maniero, kutimo.<br>
+<b>wean,</b> debrustigi, demamigi.<br>
+<!-- =============================174.png============================ -->
+<b>weapon,</b> batalilo, armilo.<br>
+<b>wear,</b> porti; (<i>&mdash;out</i>) eluzi;
+(<i>&mdash;away</i>) konsumi&#285;i.<br>
+<b>weary,</b> laca.<br>
+<b>weather,</b> vetero. <b>-cock,</b> ventoflago.<br>
+<b>weave,</b> teksi, plekti.<br>
+<b>wedding,</b> edzi&#285;o.<br>
+<b>wedge,</b> kojno.<br>
+<b>weed,</b> sarki; malbonherbo; <b>sea-,</b> fuko, algo.<br>
+<b>weep,</b> plori.<br>
+<b>weigh,</b> (<i>ascertain the weight</i>) pesi; (<i>have
+weight</i>) pezi.<br>
+<b>weight,</b> pezo, pezilo.<br>
+<b>welcome,</b> bonvenigi; bonvenu!<br>
+<b>weld,</b> kunfor&#285;i.<br>
+<b>well,</b> bone; nu!; puto.<br>
+<b>west,</b> okcidento.<br>
+<b>whale,</b> baleno.<br>
+<b>wharf,</b> kajo, el(en)&#349;ipejo.<br>
+<b>wheat,</b> tritiko.<br>
+<b>wheel,</b> rado.<br>
+<b>wheelbarrow,</b> pu&#349;veturilo.<br>
+<b>whelk,</b> bukceno.<br>
+<b>whey,</b> selakto.<br>
+<b>whim,</b> kaprico.<br>
+<b>whip,</b> vip'i, -o.<br>
+<b>whirl,</b> turni&#285;i, kirli&#285;i. <b>-pool,</b>
+turnakvo.<br>
+<b>whisk,</b> (<i>eggs, etc.</i>), kirli.<br>
+<b>whiskers,</b> vangharoj.<br>
+<b>whisper,</b> murmuri; subparoli, flustri.<br>
+<b>whistle,</b> fajfi, sibli.<br>
+<b>whist,</b> visto.<br>
+<b>whiting,</b> merlango.<br>
+<b>Whitsuntide,</b> Pentekosto.<br>
+<b>whole,</b> tuta, tuto.<br>
+<b>wholesale,</b> pogrande.<br>
+<b>whooping-cough,</b> koklu&#349;o.<br>
+<b>wick,</b> me&#265;o.<br>
+<b>wicker,</b> salika&#309;a.<br>
+<b>widower,</b> vidvo.<br>
+<b>wig,</b> peruko.<br>
+<b>wild,</b> sova&#285;a, nedresita.<br>
+<b>wilderness,</b> dezerto.<br>
+<b>will,</b> vol'o, -i.<br>
+<b>willingly,</b> volonte.<br>
+<b>willy-nilly,</b> vole-nevole.<br>
+<b>win,</b> gajni.<br>
+<b>wince,</b> ektremi.<br>
+<b>wind,</b> volvi, (<i>&mdash;clock</i>) stre&#265;i<br>
+<b>windpipe,</b> tra&#293;eo.<br>
+<b>wing,</b> flugilo, flanka&#309;o.<br>
+<b>wink,</b> palpebrumi.<br>
+<b>winnow,</b> ventumi.<br>
+<b>wipe,</b> vi&#349;i.<br>
+<b>wire,</b> metalfadeno.<br>
+<b>wish,</b> deziri, voli.<br>
+<b>witch,</b> sor&#265;istino.<br>
+<b>withdraw,</b> eli&#285;i.<br>
+<b>wither,</b> velki, sensuki&#285;i.<br>
+<b>withstand,</b> kontra&#365;stari.<br>
+<b>witness,</b> atest'i; -anto.<br>
+<b>witty,</b> sprita.<br>
+<b>woe,</b> mal&#285;ojo; veo<br>
+<b>wolf,</b> lupo.<br>
+<b>wonder,</b> mir'i, -o; (<i>a &mdash;</i>) mirinda&#309;o.<br>
+<b>woo,</b> amindumi, sin svati.<br>
+<b>wood,</b> ligno; arbaro.<br>
+<b>woodcock,</b> skolopo.<br>
+<b>woodpecker,</b> pego.<br>
+<b>word,</b> vorto.<br>
+<b>work,</b> labor'i, -o; (<i>mental</i>) verk'i, -o;
+funkcii.<br>
+<b>worm,</b> vermo.<br>
+<b>wormwood,</b> absinto.<br>
+<b>worn (out),</b> eluzita.<br>
+<b>worry,</b> maltrankvil'igi, -i&#285;i; &#265;agrenadi,
+&#285;enadi.<br>
+<b>worship,</b> adori; Diservo; kulto.<br>
+<b>worth,</b> ind'o, -eco, valoro.<br>
+<b>wound,</b> vundi.<br>
+<b>wrap,</b> faldi, envolvi.<br>
+<b>wreath,</b> girlando.<br>
+<b>wreck, (ship-),</b> &#349;ippereo; periigi.<br>
+<b>wren,</b> regolo.<br>
+<b>wrestle,</b> lukti.<br>
+<b>wretched,</b> mizer(eg)a.<br>
+<!-- =============================175.png============================ -->
+<b>wring,</b> tordi.<br>
+<b>wrinkle,</b> sulketo, sulkigi.<br>
+<b>wrist,</b> manradiko.<br>
+<b>wry,</b> torda.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>Y</b></center>
+
+<b>yacht,</b> ja&#293;to, &#349;ipeto.<br>
+<b>yard,</b> korto, (<i>measure</i>) jardo; velstango.<br>
+<b>yarn,</b> fadeno, rakont(a&#265;)o.<br>
+<b>yawn,</b> oscedi.<br>
+<b>year,</b> jaro. <b>-ly,</b> &#265;iujara.<br>
+<b>yeast,</b> fermentilo.<br>
+<b>yellow,</b> flava.<br>
+<b>yew,</b> taksuso.<br>
+<b>yield,</b> cedi, kapitulaci; produkti.<br>
+<b>yoke,</b> jungi; (<i>&mdash; of egg</i>) ovoflavo.<br>
+<b>young,</b> juna, junularo; ido, idaro.<br>
+<b>youth,</b> junulo, juneco, junularo.<br>
+
+
+<center><b>Z</b></center>
+
+<b>zeal,</b> fervoro, diligenteco.<br>
+<b>zealot,</b> zeloto, fanatikulo.<br>
+<b>zebra,</b> zebro.<br>
+<b>zero,</b> nulo.<br>
+<b>zigzag,</b> zigzag'a, -o,<br>
+<b>zinc,</b> zinko.<br>
+<b>zone,</b> (ter)zono.<br>
+
+<!-- =============================176.png============================ -->
+
+
+<center><b>INDEX.</b></center>
+
+<p>[Most index entries in the original listed both page and
+lesson numbers. Since page numbers are useless for this etext,
+they have been removed. Entries that originally appeared with
+page numbers only, have nothing after them here.]</p>
+
+A, an ... 1<br>
+Accent<br>
+Accusative ... 5<br>
+Adjective ... 2<br>
+Adverb ... 12<br>
+" showing <i>Direction</i> ... 12<br>
+" of Degree ... 12<br>
+" of Comparison ... 12<br>
+<b>ajn</b> ... 20<br>
+Alphabet<br>
+Arrangement of words<br>
+ <b>&#265;i</b> ... 20<br>
+Common Useful Expressions<br>
+Comparison ... 12<br>
+ " ... 20<br>
+Complete Grammar of Esperanto<br>
+Compound Words<br>
+Conjunctions<br>
+Consonants<br>
+Correlative Words (Table) ... 20<br>
+ <b>ia</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>ial</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>iam</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>ie</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>iel</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>ies</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>ie</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>iom</b> ... 20<br>
+ <b>iu</b> ... 20<br>
+<b>&#265;u</b> ... 1<br>
+ Days of Week ... 3<br>
+ Endings of Words:<br>
+ <b>-a</b> ... 2<br>
+ <b>-anta</b> ... 16<br>
+ <b>-as</b> ... 1<br>
+ <b>"</b> ... 6<br>
+ <b>-ata</b> ... 15<br>
+ <b>-e</b> ... 12<br>
+ <b>-i</b> ... 10<br>
+ <b>-inta</b> ... 16<br>
+ <b>-is</b> ... 6<br>
+<!-- =============================177.png============================ -->
+ <b>-ita</b> ... 15<br>
+ <b>-j</b> ... 3<br>
+ <b>-n</b> ... 5<br>
+ <b>-o</b> ... 1<br>
+ <b>-onta</b> ... 16<br>
+ <b>-os</b> ... 6<br>
+ <b>-ota</b> ... 15<br>
+ <b>-u</b> ... 10<br>
+ <b>-us</b> ... 11<br>
+Exclamations<br>
+ Infinitive Mood ... 10<br>
+ Key to Exercises<br>
+ <b>La</b> ... 1<br>
+" instead of Pronoun ... 4<br>
+Letters, Beginnings<br>
+", Endings<br>
+ Manner of Using the Book<br>
+<b>Mem</b> ... 7<br>
+Months ... 8<br>
+ <b>n</b> ... 5<br>
+Nouns ... 1<br>
+Numbers, Cardinal ... 8<br>
+ ", Ordinal, etc. ... 8<br>
+<b>Oni</b> ... 4<br>
+Origin and Aim of Esperanto<br>
+ Participles ... 15<br>
+" Active ... 16<br>
+" Passive ... 16<br>
+" as Nouns ... 16<br>
+" as Adverbs ... 17<br>
+Plural ... 3<br>
+Prefixes:&mdash;<br>
+ <b>bo-</b> ... 43<br>
+ <b>dis-</b> ... 45<br>
+ <b>ek-</b> ... 14<br>
+ <b>ge-</b> ... 43<br>
+ <b>mal-</b> ... 13<br>
+ <b>pra-</b> ... 43<br>
+ <b>re-</b> ... 14<br>
+<!-- =============================178.png============================ -->
+Prepositions ... 26<br>
+ " with Accusative ... 26<br>
+ " Omission of ... 26<br>
+ <b>al</b> ... 27<br>
+ <b>anstata&#365;</b> ... 39<br>
+ <b>anta&#365;</b> ... 33<br>
+ <b>apud</b> ... 28<br>
+ <b>&#265;e</b> ... 28<br>
+ <b>&#265;irka&#365;</b> ... 34<br>
+ <b>da</b> ... 9<br>
+ <b>"</b> ... 35<br>
+ <b>de</b> ... 35<br>
+ <b>dum</b> ... 34<br>
+ <b>ekster</b> ... 30<br>
+ <b>el</b> ... 30<br>
+ <b>en</b> ... 29<br>
+ <b>&#285;is</b> ... 34<br>
+ <b>inter</b> ... 30<br>
+ <b>je</b> ... 40<br>
+ <b>kontra&#365;</b> ... 39<br>
+ <b>krom</b> ... 39<br>
+ <b>kun</b> ... 36<br>
+ <b>la&#365;</b> ... 38<br>
+ <b>malgra&#365;</b> ... 40<br>
+ <b>per</b> ... 36<br>
+ <b>po</b> ... 40<br>
+ <b>por</b> ... 37<br>
+ <b>post</b> ... 33<br>
+ <b>preter</b> ... 32<br>
+ <b>pri</b> ... 38<br>
+ <b>pro</b> ... 37<br>
+ <b>sen</b> ... 36<br>
+ <b>spite</b> ... 40<br>
+ <b>sub</b> ... 31<br>
+ <b>super</b> ... 31<br>
+ <b>sur</b> ... 31<br>
+ <b>tra</b> ... 32<br>
+ <b>trans</b> ... 32<br>
+Pronouns ... 4<br>
+Pronoun-Adjectives ... 4<br>
+Pronunciation<br>
+ Selections for Reading<br>
+<b>Si</b> ... 7<br>
+Subject ... 5<br>
+<!-- =============================179.png============================ -->
+Suffixes :&mdash; Lesson<br>
+ <b>-a&#265;-</b> ... 45<br>
+ <b>-ad-</b> ... 14<br>
+ <b>-a&#309;-</b> ... 41<br>
+ <b>-an-</b> ... 23<br>
+ <b>-ar-</b> ... 24<br>
+ <b>-&#265;j-</b> ... 43<br>
+ <b>-ebl-</b> ... 44<br>
+ <b>-ec-</b> ... 41<br>
+ <b>-eg-</b> ... 21<br>
+ <b>-ej-</b> ... 42<br>
+ <b>-em-</b> ... 44<br>
+ <b>-er-</b> ... 24<br>
+ <b>-estr-</b> ... 23<br>
+ <b>-et-</b> ... 21<br>
+ <b>-id-</b> ... 43<br>
+ <b>-ig-</b> ... 19<br>
+ <b>-i&#285;-</b> ... 19<br>
+ <b>-il-</b> ... 22<br>
+ <b>-in-</b> ... 13<br>
+ <b>-ind-</b> ... 44<br>
+ <b>-ing-</b> ... 42<br>
+ <b>-ist-</b> ... 18<br>
+ <b>-nj-</b> ... 43<br>
+ <b>-obi-</b> ... 9<br>
+ <b>-on-</b> ... 9<br>
+ <b>-op-</b> ... 9<br>
+ <b>-uj-</b> ... 42<br>
+ <b>-ul-</b> ... 25<br>
+ <b>-um-</b> ... 45<br>
+ The ... 1<br>
+ Verbs ... 6<br>
+" ... 10<br>
+" ... 11<br>
+" ... 15<br>
+ Words used with the Object<br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Esperanto Teacher, by Helen Fryer
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