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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 79041 ***
+
+
+
+
+ THE
+ ZOOLOGY
+ OF
+ THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. BEAGLE,
+ UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN FITZROY, R.N.,
+ DURING THE YEARS
+ 1832 TO 1836.
+
+
+
+ _PUBLISHED WITH THE APPROVAL OF
+ THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HER MAJESTY’S TREASURY._
+
+ =Edited and Superintended by=
+
+ CHARLES DARWIN, ESQ., M.A., F.R.S., V.P.G.S.,
+ NATURALIST TO THE EXPEDITION.
+
+
+ PART V.
+
+ REPTILES,
+
+ BY
+ THOMAS BELL, ESQ., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.
+ PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY IN KING’S COLLEGE.
+
+
+ LONDON:
+ PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER AND CO., 65, CORNHILL.
+ MDCCCXLIII.
+
+
+ London:
+ Printed by STEWART and MURRAY,
+ Old Bailey.
+
+
+
+
+ REPTILIA.
+
+ =Described by=
+
+ THOMAS BELL, ESQ., F.R.S., F.L.S., ETC.
+
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.
+
+
+
+
+ PREFACE.
+
+
+Amongst the Reptiles and Amphibians obtained by Mr. Darwin, in the
+Voyage of the Beagle, there are several of great interest, not merely on
+account of their novelty as newly discovered species, of which there are
+nearly thirty, or as forming the types of genera not previously known,
+or of any remarkable peculiarity of form, structure, or habit, although
+in all these respects many of them are highly interesting; but more
+particularly as serving to establish or confirm several points connected
+with their geographical distribution.
+
+From the structure of most of these animals and their consequent habits
+of life, circumscribed as they are for the most part in their locomotive
+powers, it might reasonably be predicated that they would, upon the
+whole, exhibit as distinct examples of restriction, with regard to their
+geographical boundaries, as any class of vertebrated animals; and that
+the intervention of seas and of mountains would be sufficient to limit
+the range of a species. Such is in fact usually the case; and not only
+is the same species not found in the Old and New Continents, but, with
+very few exceptions, not even on the opposite sides of the South
+American Continent, in which range Mr. Darwin’s discoveries have
+principally been made. The occurrence, however, of _Bufo Chilensis_ at
+Rio Janeiro and at Buenos Ayres on the eastern, and at Valparaiso and
+the Archipelago of Chonos on the western side of the continent, shows an
+extent of distribution exceedingly unusual if not absolutely
+unparalleled in this family. It is, however, still possible that further
+and more extended researches into the characters of the animals in
+question, and an examination of individuals from each locality at
+various ages, may prove that there are two species, which have been
+confounded with each other, and the anomaly may thus be removed.
+
+But although the circumscribed range of a species may be accounted for
+by the reasons above mentioned, and others of a restrictive nature, it
+is not so easy to refer to any known or obvious cause the remarkable
+fact of a whole genus, consisting of numerous species, being thus
+geographically limited. Yet this is a well-known and very common
+circumstance with regard to several groups of animals. In our present
+researches there exists a remarkable example of this fact in the genus
+_Proctotretus_, consisting, as is now known, of at least fourteen
+species, all inhabiting the western coast of South America. These facts,
+interesting as they are, have never been sufficiently investigated,
+although, it must be confessed, there are so many anomalies in relation
+to this subject, that we must despair of ever reducing the facts in
+question to any thing like fixed laws.
+
+The close approximation of the Raniform and Hyliform groups of the
+Anourous Amphibia is strikingly illustrated by several new forms
+obtained by Mr. Darwin, which are so perfectly osculant between the two
+families, that it is difficult to assign them a decided location. And
+the addition of some bufonine forms in the family _Ranidæ_, as at
+present constituted, and on the other hand of some amongst the
+_Bufonidæ_, which are no less raniform in their general structure and
+habits, render it increasingly probable that the single character of the
+presence or absence of superior maxillary teeth, must be considered as
+insufficient to constitute alone a natural distinctive family character.
+There are several minor points bearing upon the natural arrangement of
+the Anourous Amphibians, which are illustrated by the characters of some
+of the species now first described, which will doubtless at some future
+time assist in the construction of a classification of these animals,
+bearing at least a nearer approximation to their natural arrangement
+than any that has hitherto been promulgated.
+
+The Ophidians have been placed in the hands of Mons. Bibron, who is at
+the present time engaged in completing his admirable history of
+Reptiles, by the publication of those volumes which are devoted to this
+order; and it must be considered a fortunate circumstance that the delay
+which has taken place in the appearance of that portion of his labours,
+has thus afforded the opportunity of embodying in so perfect a work, the
+numerous discoveries of Mr. Darwin in this particular department of
+Erpetology.
+
+ T. B.
+
+ _Hornsey, Sept. 2, 1843._
+
+
+
+
+ LIST OF SPECIES.
+
+
+ PAGE
+ Alsodes monticola 41
+ Amblyrynchus cristatus 23
+ —— Demarlii 22
+ Ameiva longicauda 28
+ Batrachyla leptopus 43
+ Borborocætes Bibronii 35
+ —— Grayii 36
+ Bufo Chilensis 49
+ Centrura flagellifer 25
+ Cyclodus Casuarinæ 30
+ Cystignathus Georgianus 33
+ Diplolæmus Bibronii 21
+ —— Darwinii 20
+ Gerrhosaurus sepiformis 29
+ Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii 26
+ Hyla agrestis 46
+ —— Vauterii 45
+ Hylorina sylvatica 44
+ Leiocephalus Grayii 24
+ Leiuperus salarius 39
+ Limnocharis fuscus 33
+ Litoria glandulosa 42
+ Naultinus Grayii 27
+ Phryniscus nigricans 49
+ Pleurodema bufoninum 39
+ —— Darwinii 36
+ —— elegans 37
+ Proctotretus Bibronii 6
+ —— Chilensis 2
+ —— cyanogaster 12
+ —— Darwinii 14
+ —— Fitzingerii 11
+ —— gracilis 4
+ —— Kingii 13
+ —— multimaculatus 17
+ —— nigromaculatus 10
+ —— pectinatus 18
+ —— pictus 5
+ —— signifer 8
+ —— tenuis 7
+ —— Weigmannii 15
+ Pyxicephalus Americanus 40
+ Rana Delalandii 31
+ —— Mascariensis 32
+ Rhinoderma Darwinii 48
+ Uperodon ornatum 50
+
+
+
+
+ LIST OF PLATES.
+
+
+ Plate I.│Proctotretus Chilensis.
+ „ │—— gracilis.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ II.│—— pictus.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ III.│—— Bibronii.
+ „ │—— tenuis.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ IV.│—— signifer.
+ „ │—— nigromaculatus.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ V.│—— Fitzingerii.
+ „ │—— cyanogaster.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ VI.│—— Kingii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ VII.│—— Darwinii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ VIII.│—— Weigmannii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ IX.│—— multimaculatus.
+ „ │—— pectinatus.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ X.│Diplolæmus Darwinii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XI.│—— Bibronii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XII.│Amblyrynchus Demarlii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XIII.│Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii.
+ „ │Naultinus Grayii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XIV.│Leiocephalus Grayii.
+ „ │Centrura flagellifer.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XV.│Ameiva longicauda.
+ „ │Gerrhosaurus sepiformis.
+ „ │Cyclodus Casuarinæ.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XVI.│Rana Delalandii.
+ „ │—— Mascariensis.
+ „ │Limnochans fuscus.
+ „ │Cystignathus Georgianus.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XVII.│Borborocœtes Bibronii.
+ „ │—— Grayii.
+ „ │Pleurodema Darwinii.
+ „ │—— elegans.
+ „ │—— bufoninum.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XVIII.│Leiuperus salarius.
+ „ │Pyxicephalus Americanus.
+ „ │Alsodes monticola.
+ „ │Litoria glandulosa.
+ „ │Batrachyla leptopus.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XIX.│Hylorina sylvatica.
+ „ │Hyla agrestis.
+ „ │—— Vauterii.
+ ────────┼───────────────────────────
+ XX.│Rhinoderma Darwinii.
+ „ │Phryniscus nigricans,
+ „ │Uperodon ornatum.
+
+ ERRATA.—In Plate XIX. for “Hylonia” read “Hylorina.”
+ _for_ “vanterii” _read_ “Vauterii.”
+
+
+
+
+ REPTILES.
+
+
+ TRIBUS—EUNOTES. _Bibron._
+ FAMILIA—TROPIDURIDÆ. _Mihi._
+ TROPIDOLEPIDIENS. _Bibr._
+ GENUS—Tropidurus. (In part.) _Weigmann._
+ PROCTOTRETUS. _Bibr._
+
+ CHARACTER GENERICUS.—_Pori femorales_ nulli. _Pori præ-anales_ in
+ maribus tantùm. _Cristâ dorsalis_ nulla. _Dentes palatini._ _Squamæ_
+ imbricatæ; _dorsales_ carinatæ.
+
+The genus which I take the present favourable opportunity to illustrate,
+formed a section or sub-genus of the genus _Tropidurus_, according to
+Weigmann, who, however, was acquainted with two species only; _Pr.
+Chilensis_ and _Pr. nigromaculatus_. Of the varieties of the former of
+these, that author has made no less than three species ; but these have
+been very properly reduced by M. Bibron to one only. The last-named
+excellent erpetologist described several additional species, which had
+been brought from Chile, by M. D’Orbigny, and others ; and I received,
+some years since, from Capt. King, three or four species which were
+found by him in the same locality, in the course of his well-known
+survey. The number of species altogether, hitherto known, amounts to
+ten; to which I have now the opportunity of adding four entirely new,
+forming part of the interesting collection of Reptilia made by Mr.
+Darwin. One of them, _Pr. Kingii_, was already in my collection, amongst
+those which were given me by Capt. King. The genus, therefore, of which,
+but lately, two species only were known, now consists of fourteen ; and
+it is highly probable that more may yet be obtained by more prolonged
+and extensive investigation in the same districts.
+
+Thus of the species now described two were known to Weigmann, and
+described by him, namely, _Chilensis_, and _nigromaculatus_. I received
+from Capt. King, _Chilensis_, _pictus_, _cyanogaster_, _Kingii_,
+_Fitzingerii_, and, from other sources, _Chilensis_, _pictus_,
+_Weigmannii_. Bibron describes the whole of these, excepting _Kingii_,
+and in addition to them _tenuis_, _pectinatus_, _signifer_. In Mr.
+Darwin’s collection are found all those described by Bibron, excepting
+_signifer_; and in addition _Kingii_ now first described, and the
+following species never before observed, namely, _Darwinii_, _gracilis_,
+_Bibronii_.
+
+Although the form of the whole of the species much more nearly
+approximates that of the Agamidæ than most others, they are far removed
+from that family by several important characters, which it is
+unnecessary here to detail.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS CHILENSIS.
+
+ PLATE I.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Auribus margine anteriore dentato; collo non plicato; squamis dorsi
+ magnis, rhombeis; acutè carinatis; serie unicâ squamarum
+ supralabialium._
+
+ _Calotes Chilensis_, Less, et Garn. Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. Rep. t.
+ i. f. 2.
+ _Tropidurus Chilensis_, Weigm. Act. Acad. Cæs. Leop. Carol. Nat. cur.
+ xvii. pp. 233. 268.
+ _Proctotretus Chilensis_, Bibr. Hist. Nat. des Rep. IV. p. 269.
+ Sun. _Tropidurus nitidus_, Weigm. l. c. p. 234, t. xvii. f. 2.
+ Var. _Tr. olivaceus_, Ib. l. c. p. 268.
+
+Habitat, Guasco in Northern Chile.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head short and broad, rostrum rounded, obtuse. Scales of
+ the head large, and slightly raised, separated by distinct
+ grooves. Superciliary ridge strongly marked, forming a distinct
+ carina, composed of five or six narrow, elongated, obliquely
+ imbricated scales. Nostrils large, nearly round. A single series
+ of narrow scales between those of the upper lip and the orbit.
+ Scales of the temples imbricated, rhomboidal and carinated. The
+ opening of the ear oval, rather large, furnished anteriorly with
+ three or four projecting scales, of which the upper one is the
+ largest. The neck is short, robust and round, and without any
+ lateral fold; in which it differs from every other species of the
+ genus. The trunk is thick, rounded on the back and sides,
+ flattened beneath, diminishing toward either extremity. The tail
+ is ordinarily almost twice as long as the body, thick at its
+ origin, and tapering regularly to the extremity, nearly round,
+ excepting near the base, where it is slightly quadrilateral. The
+ anterior feet when placed against the sides, extend backwards
+ little more than mid-way between the shoulder and the groin; the
+ posterior ones, stretched forward, reach the arm-pit.
+
+ The scales of the whole upper and lateral parts of the body, tail,
+ and limbs, are loosely imbricated, large, rhomboidal, and
+ furnished with an elevated carina, terminating in an acute point:
+ those of the under parts are large, smooth, and obtuse.
+
+ This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus. The
+ general form is robust and solid, forming a remarkable contrast
+ with most other species of the genus. The surface is beautifully
+ relieved by the fine, large and prominent scales, which are ranged
+ in rows of perfect regularity, of which there are about eighteen
+ on the back and side.
+
+ In colour and markings the individuals differ considerably; so as
+ to have given rise to the opinion that they form three distinct
+ species. Monsieur Bibron mentions two principal varieties,
+ constituting the _Tropidurus olivaceus_ and _Tr. Chilensis_ of
+ Weigmann. In the former, the colour is of a more or less bronzed
+ bright green, or yellowish, according as the green or yellow
+ colour prevails on the scales, each of which is green, with a
+ border of yellow on each side: this border, according to M.
+ Bibron, in some individuals of a blood-red colour. In some,
+ especially in young individuals, there are several waved bands
+ running transversely across the back.
+
+ In the second variety, says M. Bibron, the upper parts are either
+ of an olive colour, with a golden glance in certain lights, or
+ fulvous, with more or less of a yellow tint; and these have always
+ four brown bands running the length of the body, appearing as if
+ formed of a series of large spots united together. “The temples
+ are marked with a black line, which extends from the posterior
+ angle of the eye to the ear; another divides behind the occiput
+ into two branches, which pass to the neck there to join the dorsal
+ bands.” There are other variations of colour, but scarcely
+ deserving to be considered as constituting permanent or fixed
+ varieties; the largest and finest specimen I have seen, which I
+ received from Chile, is almost uniformly of a fine metallic green,
+ without any markings.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 9
+ of the body 3 5
+ of the tail 6 0
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 10 4
+ Length of anterior extremity 2 0
+ of posterior extremity 1 2
+
+This species would appear to be very common in Chile, from the numerous
+specimens from that country in the museum in Paris, which were brought
+by M. Gay, and by M. D’Orbigny. I have also received specimens from
+Capt. King. I find only one or two specimens in Mr. Darwin’s collection,
+which he found at Guasco in Chile.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS GRACILIS. N.S.
+
+ PLATE I.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Corpore gracili: capitis squamis lævibus, non imbricatis: aurium
+ margine anteriore minutè bi-tridentato: collo vix plicato, squamis
+ imbricatis: serie unicâ squamarun supralabialium: femorum facie
+ posteriore omninò granulosâ._
+
+Habitat, Port Desire, Patagonia. Mr. Darwin, MS.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—This new species is more slender and graceful in its
+ general form than any other of the genus, not excepting _Pr.
+ tenuis_, which in its general proportions it considerably
+ resembles. The head is rather short, the anterior portion
+ including the eyes being nearly an equilateral triangle. The
+ muzzle is rounded. The scales of the head flat, rather large,
+ consisting behind the nose of three series of 2, 3, 3, and 2,
+ mostly hexagons. The nostrils are small and perfectly round, the
+ superciliary ridge is very slightly marked; there is but a single
+ row of small linear scales between the labial and suborbitar. The
+ ear is of moderate size, the anterior margin having two or three
+ small projecting scales. The scales on the temples are imbricated
+ and smooth; those of the sides of the neck also imbricated but
+ very small. The neck is almost wholly without a fold, having
+ merely a slight loose elevation of the skin. The scales of the
+ back are small, rhomboidal, flat, the carina low, and not pointed
+ at the extremity. They consist of about ten rows on each side of
+ the median line. Those of the sides and belly are wholly without
+ any notch on the free margin. The scales around the axillæ, and
+ those of the posterior face of the thighs are granular. The tail
+ is of considerable length, being more than twice the length of the
+ head and body. The limbs are remarkably long; the anterior, when
+ pressed against the side, reaching to the setting on of the thigh,
+ and the posterior reaching forwards nearly to the ear. The general
+ colour of the upper parts is greyish brown, with a yellow
+ longitudinal fascia extending on each side from the upper edge of
+ the orbit to some distance along the tail—and another from beneath
+ the eye to the thigh. The middle of the back is lighter than the
+ sides—beneath the second lateral line the colour fades, and on the
+ belly it is pale buff or light yellow. The sides are dotted with
+ black; and there are some dark waved lines and dots beneath the
+ lower jaw.
+
+ This species is at once distinguished from every other by the fold
+ of the neck being scarcely cognizable. It is however not so
+ absolutely wanting as in _Pr. Chilensis_.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 4
+ of the tail 3 8
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 5 7
+ Length of anterior extremity 0 7
+ of posterior extremity 1 1
+
+A single individual of this species was taken by Mr. Darwin at Port
+Desire.
+
+
+ _Plate 1._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins, on stone in Lithotint C.
+ Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _1. Proctotretus Chilensis_ _Nat. Size._
+ _2. ____ gracilis_ „
+ ────────────────────────────────────────
+ _1a._ _1b._ _Magnified
+ views._
+ _2a._ „
+
+
+ _Plate 2._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,
+ on stone in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _1. 2. Proctotretus pictus._ _Nat. Size._
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS PICTUS.
+
+ PLATE II.—FIG. 1, 2.
+
+ _Capite squamis parvis, lævibus, non imbricatis; aurium margine
+ anteriore granuloso; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium; squamis
+ temporum subcarinatis, imbricatis; collo ad latera granuloso;
+ squamis dorsalibus parvis, rhombeis, carinâ humili, posticè obtusâ;
+ facie posteriore femorum omninò granulosâ._
+
+ _Proctotretus pictus_, Bibr. l. c. p. 276.
+
+Habitat, Chile.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—This species is moderately slender in its general form,
+ but more fusiform than _Pr. tenuis_, which it much resembles in
+ many of its characters. The head, which is rather short, and with
+ the snout rounded, is covered with numerous small flat plates
+ which vary exceedingly in their form and arrangement. The upper
+ surface of the head is flattened, and the superciliary ridges
+ distinctly marked. The temples are covered with small flat scales,
+ which are slightly imbricated and carinated. The sides of the neck
+ are granulated; and the anterior margin of the auditory cavity has
+ small simple granulations. The scales of the back are
+ distinguished from those of many other species by the flatness of
+ the carina which is also obtuse posteriorly; they are small and
+ closely imbricated. Those of the sides are almost without any
+ carina, and those of the belly and throat small and very smooth,
+ and the whole of them entire. The upper parts of the limbs are
+ covered with scales similar to those of the back, but smaller.
+ Those of the under part of the fore arm are similar, but beneath
+ the thighs they are smooth and on the posterior part of the thighs
+ they are wholly granular. The tail is furnished with quadrilateral
+ carinated scales disposed in whorls. The margin of the cloaca has
+ from two to four pores.
+
+ The colour of this species varies greatly. Bibron has enumerated
+ three principal varieties, of which I have several specimens,
+ which were brought home and presented to me by Capt. King, who
+ obtained them during his survey of the coast of South America.
+ These varieties, however, occasionally run into each other.
+
+ Var. A. General colour of the upper part bronzed or coppery,
+ having a green longitudinal line on each side of the back, at the
+ inner margin of which is a series of very distinct black dots. The
+ sides of the neck and body are of a similar colour to the back,
+ with indistinct black spots; beneath this part the ground colour
+ becomes blue with black dots. The throat is blackish, and the
+ inferior surface generally is very pale bluish green.
+
+ Var. B. This variety is described by M. Bibron as of a brown
+ colour more or less dotted with yellow, and having a line of that
+ colour along each side of the back, extending from the posterior
+ angle of the eye to the base of the tail, and having on each side
+ a series of angular black spots. Some of these spots on the upper
+ part of the flanks, become dilated, so as to form a sort of
+ vertical or transverse waved bands, with yellowish margins. On the
+ neck there are small black lines, and the upper part of the head
+ is brown with blackish spots. The upper surface of the legs and of
+ the tail is brown with transverse bands composed of black dots.
+ The whole under surface is of a whitish colour, sometimes having a
+ slight tint of orange towards the posterior parts, marbled with
+ black.
+
+ Var. C. In this variety the general colour is dark brown, and the
+ yellow or green longitudinal lines which characterize the former
+ varieties are but slightly marked; but the black spots unite and
+ form irregular transverse bands.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 6
+ of the body 1 8
+ of the tail 4 6
+ ─────────────────────────────────
+ 7 0
+
+This specimen very much resembles in its more tangible characters, the
+_Pr. tenuis_; from which, however, it differs totally in the colouring,
+and in some measure also in the general form, which is more thick and
+robust.
+
+Found in Chile by M. Gay, from whence I also received specimens from
+Capt. King, and other sources.—“Valparaiso.” Mr. Darwin.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS BIBRONII. N.S.
+
+ PLATE III.—FIG. I.
+
+ _Capite squamis lævibus, subconvexis; auribus ovalibus, margine
+ anteriore unidentato; squamis temporum collique rotundatis lævibus
+ imbricatis; colli minimis; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium;
+ squamis dorsi rhomboideis, carinatis, posticè acuminatis; abdominis
+ squamis omnibus integris; femorum facie posteriori omninò
+ granulosâ._
+
+Habitat, Port Desire. Mr. Darwin.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—General form resembling that of _Pr. pictus_ and
+ _cyanogaster_. Head moderately short, obtuse, covered with rather
+ large slightly convex scales; a single row of scales between the
+ labial and the orbitar. The anterior margin of the ear has a
+ single tooth. The temples and the sides of the neck are covered
+ with imbricated scales, which have no carina—those of the neck,
+ especially those on the fold of the skin are smaller and more
+ raised than the others. The scales of the back are rather large,
+ rhomboidal, with a distinct carina, terminating in a point. Those
+ of the abdomen and sides are all of them entire at the margin. The
+ posterior surface of the thighs is wholly granular.
+
+ The only specimen obtained being a female, the number of pre-anal
+ pores is not known.
+
+ The general colour of this species is brownish grey; a black
+ longitudinal line runs down the middle of the back and tail. There
+ are two series of black spots on each side, and a small
+ interrupted fascia of the same colour extends from the shoulder to
+ the thigh. The belly is of an uniform dirty white.
+
+
+ _Plate 3._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _From Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins
+ in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _1. Proctotretus_ _Bibronii_ │_Nat. Size._
+ _2._ _tenuis_ │ „
+ _a & b._ _1 & 2._ _Magnified Views of Heads._
+
+This species approaches considerably to _Pr. cyanogaster_ in general
+form and habit, and in many of its characters; but it may be at once
+distinguished from it not only by its colouring, but by the absence of
+even the slightest appearance of a carina on any of the scales of the
+temples or of the sides of the neck.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 6
+ of the body 1 6
+ of the tail 3 4
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 5 6
+ Length of anterior extremity 0 7
+ of posterior extremity 1 1
+
+Found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, in Patagonia.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS TENUIS.
+
+ PLATE III.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Capite squamis lævibus, non imbricatis; auribus magnis, margine
+ anteriore subtuberculato; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium;
+ temporibus squamis rotundatis, imbricatis; collo granuloso; squamis
+ dorsi parvis, obtusis, carinis minimis; squamis lateralibus exiguis,
+ non imbricatis; facie posteriore femorum omninò granulosâ._
+
+ _Proctotretus tenuis_, Bibr. l. c. p. 279.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—General form slender: head rather short and obtuse,
+ covered with flattened smooth scales; anterior margin of the ears
+ with one or more slight tubercles; temples covered with rounded
+ imbricated scales, some of which are slightly carinated; sides of
+ the neck, and above the shoulders granular; scales of the back
+ small, slightly carinated, obtuse; those of the sides very small,
+ very little imbricated; those of the belly small and smooth. The
+ posterior surface of the thighs has no patch of imbricated scales,
+ but is wholly granular.
+
+ The colour of the two specimens brought home by Mr. Darwin is so
+ much obliterated, that I am obliged to have recourse to the
+ account given by Bibron of the colour and markings of this
+ species:— “Les deux sexes du _Proctotréte svelte_ n’ont pas le
+ même mode de coloration. Ni l’un ni l’autre ne portent, de chaque
+ côté du dos, une bande longitudinale verte ou jaunâtre comme cela
+ s’observe dans l’espèce précédente, (_Pr. pictus_.)
+
+ “Le mâle a le dessus de la tête nuancé de brun et de fauve, ou
+ bien ponctué de jaune et de noirâtre. La région cervicale est,
+ ainsi que le dos, vermiculée de noir sur un fond brun, qui est
+ lui-même semé de taches, soit bleuâtres, soit verdâtres, on
+ ardoisées; quelquefois même on en remarque de jaunâtres. Presque
+ tous les individus ont les côtés du cou marqués chaqun d’une raie
+ noire qui s’étend depuis le haut de l’oreille jusqu’à l’épaule.
+ Les membres et la queue sont coupés en travers par des bandes
+ onduleuses noirâtres, dont les intervalles se trouvent remplis par
+ de taches, les unes bleuâtres, les autres de la couleur du cuivre
+ rouge, la gorge tantot est jaune, tantot d’un beau vert
+ métallique. Souvent elle est, de même que les autres régions
+ inférieures de l’animal, vermiculée de gris-brun pâle sur un fond
+ blanchâtres, glacé de violet.
+
+ “La femelle a toutes ses parties supérieures peintes d’un
+ gris-brun fauve. Son cou et son dos portent deux séries parallèle
+ de demi-cercles noirs, ayant leur bord convexe tourné de coté de
+ la tête, et leur bord concave liseré de blanchâtre, ou bien d’une
+ teinte plus claire que celle du fond de la couleur du dos. La
+ région moyenne de celuici est quelquefois ponctuée de noir, ou
+ tachetée de blanchâtre. Des lignes noires onduleuses traversent le
+ dessus de la queue dont le dessous est souvent cuivreux. Les
+ régions inférieures sont blanchâtres ou bien colorées de la même
+ manière que celles des individus mâles.”
+
+ Mr. Darwin’s only observation on the colour of this species is,
+ that it is “brownish black with transverse black bands.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 6
+ of the tail 2 1
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 4 2
+ Length of anterior extremity 0 8
+ of posterior extremity 1 3
+
+Found at Valparaiso, and at Concepcion, in Chile.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS SIGNIFER.
+
+ PLATE IV.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Capite brevi, obtuso, depresso, squamis lævibus planis; aurium
+ margine anteriore bi-tuberculato; squamis temporum imbricatis; colli
+ granulatis; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium; squamis dorsi
+ laxis imbricatis, vix carinatis; facie posteriore femorum omninò
+ granulosâ. Dorso flavescenti-griseo, signis nigris, in seriebus
+ quatuor longitudinalibus dispositis._
+
+ _Proctotretus signifer_, Bibr. l. c. p. 288.
+
+
+ _Plate 4._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Printed by C. Hullmandel._
+]
+
+ _1._ _Proctotretus_ _signifer._
+ _2._ _nigromaculatus._
+ _2a._ _Magnified View._
+
+ Head short, depressed, somewhat abruptly deflexed from the vertex—the
+ scales flat, those of the suprà-orbital arch being numerous, and less
+ regular than in most other species. Between the labial scales, and the
+ long infra-orbital plate is a single series of rounded scales.[1] The
+ scales of the temples are rather large, somewhat rounded, slightly
+ imbricated, and a few of the posterior ones having the vestige of an
+ obtuse carina. The ear is rather small, the anterior margin having two
+ slightly prominent scales towards the lower part.
+
+Footnote 1:
+
+ Mons. Bibron states that there are two series, but on examining his
+ specimen I find a single series only.
+
+ The body is depressed; the tail moderately long, thick and slightly
+ four-sided at the base, becoming much smaller and round towards the
+ middle. The scales of the sides of the neck are small and granular;
+ those of the upper parts of the body small, rhomboidal, rounded
+ posteriorly, loose, much imbricated, and with an extremely low and
+ inconspicuous carina. They are arranged in about twenty-two
+ longitudinal series. Those of the sides are larger and quite smooth.
+ The scales of the whole under part of the throat and belly are
+ rhomboidal, smooth and much imbricated; a very few towards the sides
+ of the abdomen are slightly notched at the apex. The under surface of
+ the anterior and the hinder surface of the posterior extremities are
+ covered with very fine granular scales; those of the upper surface of
+ the members being rhomboidal, smooth, but slightly carinated and
+ obtuse. The tail is covered with small rhomboidal scales which are
+ considerably imbricated and distinctly carinated. The scales of the
+ upper surface of the toes are smooth; those on their sides
+ uni-carinated, and those beneath tri-carinated and broad.
+
+ The general colour of the upper parts is a yellowish grey, with black
+ markings, which have somewhat the character, as Mons. Bibron observes,
+ of Arabic letters. On the neck and back these markings are disposed in
+ four longitudinal series; and there are small linear markings on the
+ upper part of the shoulders and thighs. The tail is similarly marked,
+ the under parts are whitish, with brown lines and spots.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 6
+ of the body 1 5
+ of the tail 3 0
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 5 1
+ Length of anterior extremity 0 8
+ of posterior extremity 1 2
+
+This species is not found amongst the reptiles obtained by Mr. Darwin,
+but as it has never been figured, it appeared very desirable that this
+opportunity should not be lost. I am indebted to the great kindness of
+my friend M. Bibron for the loan of the only specimen which I have seen,
+and from which the accompanying figure is taken. It formed part of the
+zoological collections obtained by Mons. D’Orbigny for the French
+Museum.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS NIGROMACULATUS.
+
+ PLATE IV.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Capite brevi, squamis neque imbricatis nec carinatis, tecto; auribus
+ margine anteriore tridentato; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium;
+ squamis temporum magnis, rotundatis, imbricatis; colli (et præcipuè
+ plicæ) crassis, elevatis; facie posteriore femorum omninò granulosâ;
+ squamis nonnullis ad latera abdominis gulæque emarginatis; maculâ
+ transversè; oblongâ, nigrâ, suprà regionem scapularem._
+
+ _Tropidurus (Leiolæmus) nigromaculatus_, Weigm. Act. Acad. Cæs. Nat.
+ cur. xvii. p. 229.
+ _Proctotretus nigromaculatus_, Bibr. l. c. p. 281.
+
+Habitat, Coquimbo, Chile.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head short, the muzzle rounded, rather obtuse; scales of
+ the upper part of the head somewhat convex, smooth; a single line
+ of scales between the labial and orbitar; ears rather large, the
+ anterior margin having three rather prominent scales, the middle
+ one being the largest. Temporal scales somewhat large, smooth,
+ rounded, and imbricated, those towards the upper part slightly
+ carinated; those of the sides of the neck thick and elevated,
+ those on the fold being rather acutely prominent; scales of the
+ back carinated, the carina terminating in an acute point; a few of
+ the scales at the sides of the abdomen and throat notched; the
+ remainder of the scales of the under parts rhomboidal. The scales
+ about the axilla and around the base of the shoulder are granular
+ and very small, as are those of the posterior surface of the
+ thighs, on which part there are no imbricated scales as in _Tr.
+ Fitzingerii_. The tail is round, excepting at the base where it is
+ slightly flattened; it is moderately long and slender. The
+ anterior extremity placed against the side does not reach to the
+ thigh; the posterior similarly placed reaches to the shoulder. The
+ colour of this species is yellowish grey above, with a yellowish
+ longitudinal line on each side the back, and two rows of black
+ spots each margined with yellow behind. There is a large and
+ distinct oblong black mark on the region of the scapula, from
+ which circumstance the species takes its name. On the posterior
+ surface of the thighs, towards the upper part, are three or four
+ black dots placed in a line. The under surface is yellowish white
+ with dark grey dots and lines under the chin and throat.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 5
+ of the tail 2 8
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 4 8
+ Length of anterior extremity 0 8
+ of posterior extremity 1 2
+
+This species was first described by Weigmann, and subsequently by M.
+Bibron, from specimens obtained by Gaudichaud from Coquimbo, at which
+place the single specimen brought home by Mr. Darwin was also obtained.
+
+
+ _Plate 5._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _From Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,
+ in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _1._ _Proctotretus_ _Fitzingerii._│_Nat. Size._
+ _2._ _Cyanogaster_ │ „
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS FITZINGERII.
+
+ PLATE V.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Capite squamis lævibus, non imbricatis; margine anteriore aurium
+ granuloso; squamis supralabialibus ovalibus, in serie unicâ
+ dispositis; squamis dorsalibus parum carinatis, posticè obtusis.
+ Facie posteriore femorum præcipuè granulosâ sed portione, caudam
+ versus, squamis majoribus, rhomboideis imbricatis tectâ._
+
+ _Proctotretus Fitzingerii_, Bibr. l. c. p. 286.
+
+Habitat, Patagonia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—General form thick and robust, the head short being
+ nearly as broad as it is long. The muzzle slightly rounded. Scales
+ of the head flat, small and numerous. Two scales only behind the
+ rostral and between those which are pierced by the nostrils. Those
+ over the nose and around the occipital scales being larger and
+ more regularly arranged than the others. The ear is large, oval,
+ the anterior margin having, towards the upper part, about three
+ small, oval, granular, very slightly projecting scales. Temples
+ covered with small, rounded or slightly hexagonal scales, which
+ are scarcely imbricated. A single range of rather broad oval
+ scales between the orbit and the upper lip. Scales of the sides of
+ the neck, and above and behind the shoulder small, granular. The
+ trunk thick; scales of the back very small, imbricated, very
+ slightly carinated, and not pointed behind; those of the under
+ parts smooth and rhomboidal. The legs are short and robust. The
+ anterior pair, placed against the side do not extend backwards
+ more than halfway to the thigh. The posterior pair do not quite
+ reach the arms. The posterior face of the thighs is covered with
+ granular scales, excepting a large patch near the groin rising to
+ near the upper surface of the thigh, which are imbricated and
+ rhomboidal, similar to those of the inferior surface of the thigh.
+ The scales of the upper part of the toes are smooth, those beneath
+ have one or two slight carinæ.
+
+ This species varies very much in colour; three or four tolerably
+ distinct varieties may be noticed, but they often pass more or
+ less into each other. As I have only one of these varieties in my
+ possession, I quote the following description from Mons. Bibron’s
+ account of the specimens in the French Museum.
+
+ Var. A. Les parties supérieures sont grises, ou bien d’un brun
+ marron plus ou moins clair. Il règne au long du cou et du dos
+ quatre series de taches noires, bordées de blanc en arrière. La
+ queue et les membres offrent des bandes transversales anguleuse,
+ d’un teint marron noirâtre, alternant avec des bandes semblables
+ mais de couleur blanche. Les régions inférieures aussi sont
+ blanches, excepté la gorge, qui est parcourue par des raies
+ confluentes brunes. D’autres raies d’un brun marron sont imprimées
+ verticalement, sur les lèvres.
+
+ Var. B. Cette variété se distingue de la précédente, en ce que le
+ dessus de ses membres est ponctué de noirâtre, et que les quatre
+ séries de taches qui ornent le dos de la première variété sont
+ appliquées ici sur un fond fauve jaunâtre. Puis la gorge est
+ verdâtre et le ventre noir, marbré de blanc.
+
+Var. C. Le dessus du corps est uniformement peint d’un vert olive. Le
+dessus du cou, le milieu de la poitrine et celui du ventre sont d’un
+noir profond.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 7
+ of the body 2 8
+ of the tail 4 2
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 7 7
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 2
+ of posterior extremity 2 0
+
+This species agrees with _Pr. Darwinii_ and _Weigmannii_, and in some
+degree with _Pr. Kingii_, in having a portion of the posterior face of
+the thighs covered with imbricated scales. This is a character, which
+although existing in all those which I have named, is found to obtain in
+very different degrees; in _Tr. Weigmannii_ being very distinctly
+marked, and in _Tr. Kingii_ very slightly so, and in some specimens
+scarcely notable. It is probable, that var. B., and possibly A. also, of
+Mons. Bibron, may be _Pr. Kingii_; but I have not had the opportunity of
+ascertaining this from the actual examination of the specimens.
+
+Found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, and at Santa Cruz, in Patagonia.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS CYANOGASTER.
+
+ PLATE V.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Squamis capitis neque imbricatis nec carinatis; temporum imbricatis,
+ subcarinatis, margine rotundato; aurium margine anteriore simplici;
+ squamis dorsalibus rhombeis, laxis, carinâ posticè acutâ; femorum
+ facie posteriore omninò granulosâ; corpore suprà olivaceo, fascia
+ utrinque longitudinali flavescenti; abdomine cœruleo._
+
+ _Proctotretus cyanogaster_, Bibr. l. c. p. 273.
+
+Habitat, Valparaiso, and Valdivia, Chile.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—It has been well observed by M. Bibron that this species
+ offers at first sight somewhat the general aspect of the genus
+ Algira; the acute points of the dorsal and lateral scales and the
+ general form giving very much that appearance.
+
+ The head is of moderate size, somewhat deflexed; the scales
+ moderate, flat and smooth; those of the temples are slightly
+ carinated, imbricated and rounded: those of the sides of the neck
+ small, not granular, but rhomboidal and imbricated. There is but a
+ single series of oblong scales between the labial ones and the
+ orbit. The margin of the ear is entire and simple; the scales of
+ the back are lozenge-shaped, the carina of moderate height but
+ prolonged into an acute point. Amongst those of the sides of the
+ neck and belly are a few which are notched at the margin.[2] The
+ scales of the posterior surface of the thigh are wholly granular.
+
+Footnote 2:
+
+ This is contrary to the character given by M. Bibron, who states
+ that the whole of these are entire.
+
+
+ _Plate 6._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,
+ on stone in Lithotint. C. Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _1._ │_Proctotretus Kingii_ _Nat.
+ │Size._
+ _2._ │ „
+ ───────┼───────────────────────────────
+ _a. b._│_Magnified View._
+
+ The proportions of the limbs vary in the two sexes. In the male
+ they are considerably longer than in the female. In the latter the
+ posterior extremity when placed against the side extends only to
+ the arm, in the former it reaches to the ear. The ground colour of
+ the back is chesnut brown or greenish brown, with a bright
+ metallic green glance in certain lights; there are two light buff
+ longitudinal fasciæ running the whole length of the body; the
+ under parts are of a bright metallic blue colour. Mr. Darwin
+ states that in one specimen there were emerald spots on the sides,
+ which did not exist in another individual. This may possibly be a
+ sexual peculiarity.
+
+DIMENSIONS OF A MALE SPECIMEN.
+
+ DIMENSIONS OF A MALE SPECIMEN.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 6
+ of the body 1 9
+ of the tail 3 3
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 5 8
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 0
+ of posterior extremity 1 5
+
+Found by Mr. Darwin at Valparaiso, and at Valdivia; the former is a very
+dry rocky country, with a scanty vegetation; whereas the latter is
+nearly level, covered with the thickest forest, and the climate
+exceedingly humid.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS KINGII, N.S.
+
+ PLATE VI.—FIG. 1, 2.
+
+ _Squamis capitis neque imbricatis nec carinatis; supralabialibus in
+ serie unicâ; aurium margine anteriore granuloso; interdum
+ unidentata; squamis, dorsalibus carinatis, posticè acuminatis,
+ femorum facie posteriore præcipuè granulosâ, sed portione parvâ,
+ caudam versus, squamis parvis, rotundatis imbicratis tectâ._
+
+Habitat, Port Desire in Patagonia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—General form robust and full; the head short, thick, and
+ passing into the neck without any distinct contraction; the muzzle
+ rounded. Scales of the head larger in proportion than in _Pr.
+ Fitzingerii_. Ear large, oval, with the anterior margin granular,
+ sometimes slightly toothed. Scales of the temples of moderate
+ size, imbricated, smooth, somewhat raised. A single range of oval
+ moderate-sized scales between the labial and the orbital scales on
+ the sides of the neck, above and behind the shoulder small,
+ granular, and some of them having a minute pore. Scales of the
+ back of moderate size, larger than in _Fitzingerii_, rhomboid,
+ having a rather prominent carina, and terminating in a distinct
+ point. Scales of the under parts smooth and rhomboidal. The
+ posterior surface of the thighs is for the most part granular, but
+ a small portion near the groin is covered with larger imbricated
+ scales; to a much smaller extent, however, than in _Fitzingerii_,
+ and other species which possess this character.
+
+ The general colour of the upper part of this species is a rich
+ dark brown, with whitish transverse bands and spots, having a
+ black margin. I have figured in fig. 2, of Plate VI., a remarkable
+ variety in which the bands are alternate black and white, and a
+ broader and a narrower longitudinal fascia of a yellowish-white
+ colour, run the whole length of the body on each side. The under
+ parts are yellowish-white, with dark or almost black spots; under
+ the throat bluish-gray with white spots.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 8
+ of the body 2 3
+ of the tail 3 4
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 6 5
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 1
+ of posterior extremity 1 4
+
+This species much resembles _Pr. Fitzingerii_ in many of its characters,
+as well as in its size. It may, however, be at once distinguished from
+it by the character of the scales of the back, which in this species are
+very distinctly carinated, of a rather elongated form, and pointed at
+the extremity; whereas in the other they are shorter, smaller, the
+carina is very slight, almost indistinct, and the posterior extremity is
+obtuse.
+
+The tail in the larger figure of our plate is deformed, having been
+renewed. The specimen figured at (2,) in the same plate, is so
+remarkably distinct in the colours and marking, as to lead me to suppose
+that it may possibly be a different species.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS DARWINII.
+
+ PLATE VII.—FIG. 1, 2.
+
+ _Corpore subdepresso; capite squamis numerosis, parvis, subelevatis,
+ lævibus non imbricatis; aurium margine anteriore integro; temporibus
+ colloque granulatis; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium; facie
+ posteriore femorun partìm granulosâ, partìm squamis imbricatis
+ tectâ._
+
+Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia. Mr. Darwin.
+
+
+ _Plate 7._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _From Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,
+ in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _1._ │_Proctotretus Darwinii. Nat. Size._
+ _2._ │ „
+ ──────────┼───────────────────────────────────
+ _1 a & b._│_Magnified Views._
+ _2 a._ │ „
+
+
+ _Plate 8._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _B. Waterhouse Hawkins lithog._
+]
+
+ _1._ │_Proctotretus Weigmannii._
+ _2._ │ „
+ ─────┼──────────────────────────
+ _1a._│_Magnified Views._
+ _2a._│ „
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—The general form of this new species is similar to that
+ of _Pr. Weigmannii_, but less elongate and somewhat more
+ depressed, resembling in general appearance some of the forms of
+ the genus Sceloporus. Head covered with rather small and
+ consequently numerous scales, slightly elevated, and separated
+ from each other by distinct and deep lines. A single series of
+ small scales between the labial scales and the orbit. The exterior
+ margin of the ear is entire and even. Scales of the temple and at
+ the sides of the neck wholly granular, the latter very small. The
+ scales of the back are small, flat, with a very low carina, and
+ not pointed at the posterior extremity. There are about twenty
+ rows of dorsal scales. The posterior surface of the thighs is
+ granulated, excepting a small patch near the tail of imbricated
+ scales, similar to those of the inferior surface, as in _Pr.
+ Weigmannii_. The tail is of moderate length, and the scales which
+ cover it are short, depressed, and obtuse in comparison with those
+ of several other species. The pre-anal pores, which are peculiar
+ to the male, are about ten in number.
+
+ The general colour is gray, with two light longitudinal lines on
+ each side, and a row of black spots along the inner margin of the
+ dorsal ones. The under surface is nearly white, with black dots
+ under the throat.
+
+ The anterior legs, when stretched backwards against the side,
+ reach about two-thirds towards the thigh; and the posterior when
+ stretched forwards, extend to the shoulder.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 6
+ of the tail 3 4
+ ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 5 5
+ Length of anterior extremities 0 8
+ of posterior extremities 1 2
+
+It is at first sight extremely difficult to distinguish this species
+from younger individuals of _Pr. Fitzingerii_, from which, however, it
+differs in the more linear form of the supralabial scales, in the
+absence of imbricated scales on the lateral fold of the neck, the more
+entire margin of the ear. In the existence of a patch of larger
+imbricated scales on the posterior surface of the thighs, it resembles
+_Pr. Weigmannii_; from which, however, it may be at once distinguished
+by the single row of supralabial scales, the later species having a
+double row.
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS WEIGMANNII.
+
+ PLATE VIII.—FIG. 1, 2.
+
+ _Capite squamis lævibus non imbricatis tecto; auribus rotundis margine
+ anteriore minutè granulato. Seriebus duabus squamarum
+ supralabialium. Femorum facie posteriore partìm granulosâ, partìm
+ squamis minutis imbricatis tectâ._
+
+ _Proctotretus Weigmannnii_, Bibr. l. c. p. 284.
+
+Habitat, Northern Patagonia and La Plata.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head rather short, covered with numerous slightly raised
+ scales, not carinated nor imbricated; snout rather obtuse and
+ slightly rounded, nostrils semicircular. Two series of very small
+ scales between the labial scales and the orbit. Ear of moderate
+ size, the anterior margin furnished merely with minute granular
+ scales. Scales of the temples flat and smooth. Fold on the sides
+ of the neck distinctly marked, anteriorly bifurcated; the
+ remainder somewhat waved. Sides of the neck granulated scales of
+ the whole of the upper and back parts of the body and tail of
+ moderate size, the carina little elevated and the point but
+ slightly prominent. The scales of the inferior parts of the neck
+ and body are smooth, polished, and imbricated, those towards the
+ sides of the neck minutely emarginated. The scales of the limbs
+ resemble those of the body; those of the upper surface being
+ carinated and those beneath smooth. The posterior face of the
+ thighs is generally covered with granular scales, but there is on
+ this part near the tail, a distinct patch of imbricated scales
+ resembling those of the inferior surface of the thighs, a
+ character by which this species may at once be distinguished from
+ all others. The anterior extremity placed against the side reaches
+ about two-thirds of the distance towards the groin; the posterior
+ extremity reaches forward to the shoulder.
+
+ COLOUR.—The back and sides are brownish gray, with a yellow
+ longitudinal band on each side of the back, separating transverse
+ black or dark brown bands of various size and form; and there is
+ in most on each side a smaller interrupted yellow band. The under
+ parts generally of a yellowish white, in some individuals sparsely
+ dotted with black. Mr. Darwin says of some individuals of this
+ species that they have “an orange-coloured gorge, and faint
+ stripes of blue,” also “ash-grey with dark brown marks and specks
+ of orange and blue.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 5
+ of the tail 2 2
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 4 2
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 1
+ of posterior extremity 0 8
+
+This species was found by Mr. Darwin at Bahia Blanca and at Rio Negro,
+on the northern confines of Patagonia, and at Maldonado, near the mouth
+of the Rio Plata.
+
+
+ _Plate 9._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,
+ on stone in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _1._ _Tropidurus_ _multimaculatus._ _Nat. Size._
+ _2._ _pectinatus_ „
+ ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+ _1a. 1b._ _Magnified Views._
+ _2a._ „
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS MULTIMACULATUS.
+
+ PLATE IX.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Corpore subdepresso; capite squamis numerosis parvis tecto; auribus
+ parvis, margine lævi; seriebus quatuor squamarum supralabialium;
+ squamis temporum imbricatis; collo granuloso; femorum facie
+ posteriore partìm granulosâ, partìm squamis imbricatis tectâ._
+
+ _Proctotretus multimaculatus_, Bibr. l. c. p. 291.
+
+Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—The body depressed and wide—the head triangular, the
+ muzzle rather acute. Nostrils prominent and nearly round. Scales
+ of the head very small and numerous; those of the temple
+ rhomboidal and imbricated. There are four series of small
+ irregular scales between the labial and suborbitar. The sides of
+ the neck are wholly granular; the scales of the body very small;
+ those of the upper parts rhomboidal, flat with very low carina,
+ and obtuse at the apex—beneath they are also small and rhomboidal;
+ the posterior surface of the thighs is granular, but, as in some
+ other species, there is, near the groin, a distinct patch of
+ imbricated scales like those of the inferior surface. The tail is
+ broad to some distance from the origin, and then tapers to the
+ extremity. The scales of the tail are rather small, short and
+ obtuse.
+
+ The anterior extremity placed against the sides reaches about
+ two-thirds the distance towards the posterior, and the latter
+ reaches forwards to the shoulder.
+
+ The ground colour of this species is gray, with numerous small
+ black spots, some of which are bordered with white. The under
+ parts are white, and in one specimen in Mr. Darwin’s collection
+ there are on the belly numerous distinct small black spots. His
+ description of the colours is as follows:—“Colours above
+ singularly mottled. The small scales are coloured brown, white,
+ yellowish red and blue, all dirty, and the brown forming
+ symmetrical clouds. Beneath white, with regular spots of brown on
+ the belly.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 8
+ of the body 1 8
+ of the tail 3 0
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 5 6
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 0
+ of posterior extremity 1 6
+
+Found at Bahia Blanca, on the northern confines of Patagonia. The
+following remarks of Mr. Darwin on the habits of this species are very
+interesting. “In its depressed form and general appearance it partakes
+of some of the characters of the Geckos. Its habits are singular. It
+lives on the dry sand of the beach, at some distance from the
+vegetation, and the colour of the body much resembles that of the sand.
+When frightened it depresses its body, stretches out its legs, and
+closing its eyes tries to escape detection. If pursued it buries itself
+with great quickness in the sand; but as its legs are short, it cannot
+run very swiftly.”
+
+
+ PROCTOTRETUS PECTINATUS.
+
+ PLATE IX.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Capite squamis subæqualibus, rhomboideis, imbricatis, carinatis
+ tecto._
+
+ _Proctotretus pectinatus_, Bibr. Hist. Rept. IV. p. 292.
+
+Habitat, Patagonia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—The scales of the head are narrow, closely imbricated,
+ strongly but not acutely carinated, and the anterior ones arranged
+ in somewhat of a radiating direction from the muzzle. There is but
+ a single series of scales between those of the upper lip and the
+ orbit, and these, together with all the scales about the head,
+ partake of the carinated and elongated character already
+ described. A single strong triangular scale and two smaller ones
+ are placed on the anterior margin of the ear, which is narrow,
+ oval and reniform. The scales of the temples and sides of the neck
+ are rhomboidal, acute, carinated and imbricated. There is a
+ longitudinal fold on each side of the neck and a transverse one
+ anterior to the shoulder, behind which is a deep depression. The
+ scales of the back and side are prominently and acutely carinated,
+ those of the central line being rather more prominent than the
+ others; and above this there is on each side a marked longitudinal
+ lateral crest extending from beneath the eyes to the base of the
+ tail. The scales constituting these crests are very prominent,
+ narrow and acutely carinated. The scales of the belly are also
+ imbricated and rhomboidal, but flat; those of the under surface of
+ the hands and feet are carinated; and those of the toes have three
+ carinæ. The body is somewhat depressed as is the tail at its
+ commencement, becoming more rounded and rather abruptly smaller at
+ some distance from its origin. The fore-foot reaches to about
+ two-thirds of the distance from the shoulder to the side, and the
+ hinder extremity thus placed extends to the shoulder.
+
+ The colours of this most elegant of all the species of the genus
+ are very beautiful. “This is the most beautiful lizard,” says Mr.
+ Darwin, “I have ever seen; the back has three rows of regular
+ oblong marks of a rich brown, the other scales symmetrically
+ coloured either ash or light brown; many of them of a bright
+ emerald green; beneath pearly, with semilunar spots of brilliant
+ orange on the throat.” I find in the specimens I have examined
+ that the pectinated lateral crests are white, and the brown oblong
+ marks of the back are bordered with a similar colour. There are
+ always three white transverse lines across the head.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 7
+ of the body 1 7
+ of the tail 3 1
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 5 5
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 0
+ of posterior extremity 1 5
+
+This species, as has been observed by M. Bibron, who first described it,
+may be at once distinguished from every other by the character of the
+scales of the head, which, instead of lying flat, with the edges in
+contact, are all of them imbricated and carinated. Another obvious
+distinguishing character, is the narrow line of prominent scales running
+the whole length of the body on each side, forming a sort of
+_pectinated_ lateral crest, from which circumstance it has derived its
+name.
+
+Found by Mr. Darwin, at Bahia Blanca, and Port Desire in Patagonia.
+
+
+ GENUS—DIPLOLÆMUS. _Bell._
+
+ _Caput breve, latum, subtriangulare. Aures parvæ, ovatæ, margine lævi.
+ Nares magnæ, rotundæ. Collum infrà transversè, ad latera
+ longitudinalitèr plicatum. Corpus subdepressum, non cristatum. Cauda
+ teres, breviuscula, læevis. Pedes breves, robusti. Squamæ capitis
+ numerosæ, parvæ, rotundatæ, non imbricatæ—corporis atque caudæ suprà
+ minimæ, læves, convexæ, paulò imbricatæ, infrà læves, planæ. Pori
+ femorales et præ-anales in utroque sexu nulli. Dentes palatini
+ nulli._
+
+The new genus which I have thus defined, resembles very closely, in most
+of its characters, the genus _Leiosaurus_ of Bibron; from which, indeed,
+it scarcely differs, excepting in the absence of palatine teeth, and in
+the form of the suborbitar plates, which in _Leiosaurus_ are all
+distinct, and of nearly equal size; whereas, in the present genus, three
+of these are united to form one plate, resembling that in
+_Proctotretus_, and some other _Agamidæ_. In other respects the genera
+are very closely allied; but the existence or non-existence of palatine
+teeth, is a character of so much importance, that it appeared to me,—and
+in this opinion I am supported by M. Bibron, who examined the specimens
+with me,—that they should be considered as distinct. Both the genera are
+natives of South America. Of _Leiosaurus Bellii_ (Bibr.) the only known
+specimens were presented to me by Capt. King, who obtained them during
+his survey, from whom also I obtained specimens of one of the species of
+the present genus, _D. Bibronii_.
+
+
+ DIPLOLÆMUS DARWINII. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE X.
+
+ _Squamis capitis convexis; caudâ, corpore cum capite longiore._
+
+Habitat, Port Desire, Patagonia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head short, almost equilaterally triangular, rising
+ obliquely from the muzzle to the vertex, then flattened. Nostrils
+ large, round, each placed in front of the suprà-orbital crest, and
+ in a line between it and the centre of the muzzle. The ears are
+ small, oval, the margin simple, and the membrana tympani
+ superficial. The neck is considerably contracted; it has a
+ longitudinal fold on each side formed by the confluence of two
+ others, one of which arises from behind the angle of the mouth,
+ and the other from above the ear, which is, as it were, enclosed
+ between them; they coalesce a little behind the ear. There is also
+ a distinct transverse fold on the throat, very similar to that in
+ _Leiosaurus Bellii_. The body is moderately thick, somewhat
+ depressed, and without the slightest appearance of a longitudinal
+ crest, or any elevation along the median line. The tail is
+ somewhat longer than the head and body, nearly round and tapering
+ almost evenly from its origin to the apex. The fore legs are short
+ and moderately robust, the toes short, nearly equal; the hinder
+ legs moderately long. The former when placed against the sides, do
+ not reach the thighs by nearly a third of the distance between the
+ two limbs; the latter when directed forwards, just reach the
+ axillæ. The cloacal covering is semilunar, turgid, and the margin
+ quite simple.
+
+ Scales covering the upper surface of the head numerous, rounded,
+ and considerably elevated; those between the two suprà-orbital
+ semicircles are in a double series. The occipital plate is oval,
+ raised from the margin, hollowed immediately around the centre
+ which is again raised like a minute tubercle. Above the labial
+ scales, is a series of equal, rounded, oblong scales, and between
+ these and the principal suborbital is a single series of smaller
+ ones. Scales of the whole of the upper and lateral parts of the
+ neck and body extremely small, slightly elevated, passing at the
+ sides into a flatter and more expanded form. Those of the whole of
+ the under parts are quite flat and imbricated. Beneath the
+ anterior parts of the lower jaw, and behind the broad mental
+ scales, are a series of flat, hexagonal scales on each side,
+ passing backwards and outwards, the front pair large and oblong
+ and the others diminishing by degrees. The scales of the throat
+ are very small, those on the fold larger and acutely rhomboidal.
+ The scales of the anterior part of the belly are also rhomboidal
+ and those of the posterior portion hexagonal or nearly quadrate.
+ The tail is covered by scales disposed in whorls, those on the
+ median line beneath being larger than the others. Beneath each toe
+ is a series of transverse hexagonal imbricated scales.
+
+ The colours and markings of this species are very difficult to be
+ described, on account of the great irregularity of their
+ disposition. The ground colour of the head is yellow, passing into
+ grey on the back part. The anterior part has several small spots
+ of a dark brown colour, and there is a larger one on each orbit,
+ another between the eye and the ear, and others on the back part
+ of the head extending to the neck. The middle of the back is
+ reddish yellow, on each side bluish gray, passing beneath into
+ yellowish white. A series of very irregular transverse spots cross
+ the yellow median portion of the back, and there are others on the
+ sides; and these two series becoming confluent on the tail, form,
+ with the yellow ground, alternate half rings of the two colours.
+ The upper part of the legs has similar bands. The whole of the
+ throat, belly, and inferior surface of the limbs and tail are
+ yellowish white. There are numerous small blackish spots over
+ these parts which are more distinct and linear on the throat, and
+ becoming paler, smaller and round on the belly.
+
+
+ _Plate 10._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _From Nature by B Waterhouse Hawkins:
+ in Lithotint, C Hullmandel’s Patent._
+]
+
+ _Diplolæmus Darwinii. Nat. Size._
+
+
+ _Plate 11._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _E. Waterhouse Hawkins del;_
+ _Printed by C. Hullmandel._
+]
+
+ _Diplolæmus Bibronii_ _Nat. Size._
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 1 0
+ of the body 2 2
+ of the tail 3 8
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 7 0
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 1
+ of posterior extremity 1 6
+
+Taken at Port Desire, on the coast of Patagonia.
+
+
+ DIPLOLÆMUS BIBRONII. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XI.
+
+ _Squamis capitis planis; caudâ corpore cum capite breviore._
+
+Habitat, Port Desire.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head thick and clumsy, longer than it is broad, muzzle
+ obtuse, suprà-orbital arches slightly elevated. Nostrils as in the
+ former species, in size, form, and situation. Ears subtriangular,
+ the margin simple. Neck considerably contracted, with a
+ longitudinal fold on each side, and a distinct transverse fold on
+ the throat. Body rather broad, slightly depressed, perfectly even,
+ without any central crest or elevation. The tail is shorter than
+ the head and body, slightly triangular at its base, tapering
+ regularly to its extremity. Limbs of moderate length; the toes of
+ each foot longer than in _D. Bibronii_, and those of the fore-feet
+ more unequal, the third being the longest, then the fourth, the
+ second, the fifth, and the first. The fore-legs placed against the
+ side reaches to about two-thirds of the distance between the
+ shoulder and thigh; the hinder foot placed in the same manner
+ reaches to the axilla.
+
+ The scales of the head are quite flat, a character in which this
+ species differs remarkably from the former, although in their
+ number and arrangement they are very similar. The occipital scale
+ is flat and hexagonal. Between the labial scales and the
+ suborbital, there are, in addition to the regular series of larger
+ supralabial scales, at least three distinct series of smaller
+ ones; whereas in _D. Darwinii_ there is but one.
+
+ The scales of the temples, the neck, the body, the limbs and the
+ tail, are similar to those of the former species in general form
+ and arrangement, excepting that they are smaller and less
+ elevated. Those beneath the anterior part of the lower jaw are
+ much smaller; but the rest on the under parts are similar to the
+ former.
+
+ The head is of a dull light-brown colour, with a few obscure
+ darker spots. The general ground colour of the back is “bluish
+ gray, tinged with rust colour;” there are five transverse bands
+ across the back, which are composed principally of numerous,
+ close, small, dark-brown spots, on a bluish-gray ground, darker
+ than the intervals, and without any red tinge; and each band is
+ marked on the posterior margin with strongly defined semilunar
+ indentations, bordered with yellowish-white, or bright yellow.
+ These bands are continued on the tail, where they become
+ half-rings.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 1 2
+ of the body 2 9
+ of the tail 3 5
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 7 6
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 4
+ of posterior extremity 2 1
+
+
+ GENUS—AMBLYRYNCHUS. _Bell._
+ AMBLYRYNCHUS DEMARLII. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XII.
+
+ _Cristâ suprà cervicem elevatiore, suprà dorsum humiliore; tuberculis
+ verticalibus subdepressis, occipitalibus conicis; caudâ tereti._
+
+ _Amblyrynchus Demarlii._ Bibr. Hist. Rept. IV. p. 197.
+
+This species was first described by Mons. Bibron in the “Histoire des
+Reptiles,” and so fully as not to require any detailed account of its
+characters here. It has not, however, hitherto been figured, and it is
+thought very desirable to embrace so good an opportunity of giving a
+representation of so interesting an animal. Its most important
+structural peculiarities will be alluded to in the account of the next
+species, which is an aquatic form, whilst the present is strictly
+terrestrial. The toes are long, compared with those of the other, and so
+unequal as to constitute essentially an ambulatory form.
+
+By Mr. Darwin’s observations we are now enabled fully to confirm Mons.
+Bibron’s suggestion, that this species was from the Galapagos, and to
+establish the genus as strictly appertaining to that curious and
+interesting locality.
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 12._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _Printed by C. Hullmandel._
+]
+
+ _Amblyrynchus Demarlii._ _Nat. Size._
+
+
+ AMBLYRYNCHUS CRISTATUS. _Bell._
+
+ _Cristâ suprà humeros humiliore; digitis ferè equalibus subpalmatis;
+ caudâ compressâ._
+
+ _Amblyrynchus Cristatus._ Bell, Zool. Journ. 1825, p. 195. Tab. Supp.
+ XII. Bibr. Hist. Rept. IV. p. 204.
+
+I established the genus _Amblyrynchus_ nearly eighteen years ago, from a
+stuffed specimen of the present species, which had been obtained by Mr.
+Bullock, Jun., in Mexico. I had never seen another specimen, until Mr.
+Darwin brought home a young one from the Galapagos, in excellent
+preservation in spirits, and thus established its true habitat, and
+enabled me to correct those errors in my description which arose from
+drying and bad stuffing. Mons. Bibron also took his description from my
+specimen, and thus necessarily fell into the same mistakes, of which the
+most important are those which relate to the form of the tail, and the
+structure of the feet. Thus the tail is described as “round, excepting
+towards the extremity, where it is flattened at the sides,” whereas it
+is in fact much compressed throughout its whole length; and with regard
+to the toes no mention is made of their being partially united by a web
+or fold of skin, which is the case both on the anterior and posterior
+feet. These two characters so obviously point out a power of swimming,
+that the aquatic habits of the species might at once have been
+predicated, and it is exceedingly interesting to find, from Mr. Darwin’s
+observations, that such is really the case. We have, therefore, two
+distinct forms—distinct equally in their structure and in their
+habits—in the two species now described; the one, _A. Demarlii_, being
+truly terrestrial, with lengthened, unequal, and distinctly separated
+toes and a round tail, and the present species as truly amphibious,
+having short, nearly equal and webbed toes, and a compressed tail.
+
+A very interesting account of their habits, &c., is given by Mr. Darwin
+in his delightful Journal of the Voyage of the Beagle, p. 466 to 472, to
+which the reader is referred, and which exactly accords with the
+peculiarities of their respective structure just alluded to.
+
+It is remarkable also, that whereas _Amblyrynchus cristatus_ inhabits
+the coasts of all the islands, the other species is found only in the
+central portion of the group.
+
+
+ GENUS—LEIOCEPHALUS. _Gray._
+ LEIOCEPHALUS GRAYII.
+
+ PLATE XIII.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Cristâ dorsali elevatâ; caudâ sub-compressâ; squamis ventralibus
+ rhomboideis, lævibus; margine anteriore meatus auditorii
+ quadridentato; squamâ occipitali magnâ._
+
+Habitat, Galapagos Archipelago.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head, viewed from above, forming a nearly equilateral
+ triangle, covered with irregular slightly raised scales.
+ Supra-orbital ridge prominent, and covered with a series of
+ elongated and imbricated scales. Occipital plate large,
+ pentagonal, notched at its posterior margin. The anterior margin
+ of the auditory passage is strongly quadridentate, from the
+ existence of four long and rather narrow scales. Scales of the
+ temple obtusely carinated, not imbricated; those of the back
+ strongly and acutely carinated and disposed in numerous rows,
+ converging backwards towards the dorsal crest. Ventral scales
+ rhomboidal, not carinated. Dorsal crest elevated, composed of flat
+ vertical scales, so closely placed as to constitute an almost
+ continuous line, extending from the neck to the end of the tail.
+ Tail somewhat compressed at the base, becoming nearly round
+ towards the middle. Scales beneath the feet and toes carinated.
+
+ COLOUR.—The colour of this species is thus stated in Mr. Darwin’s
+ notes:—“Upper part clove brown, passing into black brown with
+ black spots. Sides slightly tinted with orange; some of the scales
+ of the crest near the head are white; belly nearly white; the
+ whole of the throat before the fore legs glossy black. This is the
+ most common variety in the Archipelago. The black spots are not
+ unfrequently placed in waved transverse bars, and are sometimes
+ arranged longitudinally.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 9
+ of the body 2 8
+ of the tail 5 8
+ ──────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 9 5
+
+Of this species, one of the most beautiful in the whole order of
+Saurians, Mr. Darwin obtained numerous specimens, one only of which is
+fully adult. In the younger individuals the dorsal crest is low and
+almost inconspicuous. It differs very materially from either of the two
+species previously described, and I have dedicated it to Mr. Gray, who
+first distinguished the genus. Mons. Bibron, unaware that Mr. Gray had
+already constituted the genus under the name _Leiocephalus_, named it
+_Holotropis_. I have, however, retained the former name, as having the
+claim of priority.
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 13._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _Printed by C. Hullmandel._
+]
+
+ _1. Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii._
+ _2. Naultinus Grayii._
+
+It constitutes one of the numerous interesting novelties obtained by Mr.
+Darwin in the Galapagos. The specimens, which are of various ages, were
+taken in Chatham Island and in Charles Island.
+
+
+ GENUS—CENTRURA. _Bell._
+
+
+ _Caput breve, triangulare. Aures magnæ, anticè cutis plicâ, haud
+ dentatâ, partìm celatæ. Nares magnæ, rotundæ. Gulâ transversè
+ subplicata. Collum atque corpus haud cristata; hoc depressum, latum,
+ cute longitudinalitèr plicatâ. Cauda teres, basin versus
+ subdepressa, squamis fortibus spinosis verticillatis. Squamæ capitis
+ numerosæ, parvæ, rotundatæ, non imbricatæ—corporis minimæ, rotundæ,
+ subconvexæ, læves. Pori femorales et præ-anales nulli. Dentes
+ palatini._
+
+The propinquity of this genus both to _Oplura_ and to _Doryphorus_ is
+very obvious. It differs, however, from both in several structural
+characters. From the former in the absence of denticulations on the
+anterior margin of the ear, and of a nuchal crest; from the latter in
+the presence of palatine teeth. Its place is probably between these two
+genera.
+
+
+ CENTRURA FLAGELLIFER. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XIII.—FIG. 2.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head almost equilaterally triangular, the muzzle rounded;
+ scales of the head small, nearly equal, rounded, not imbricated,
+ those of the temples subconical; nostrils round, large, confined
+ to the nasal scales. Ears rather large, the tympanum lying beneath
+ the surface, and partly concealed by an anterior fold of skin,
+ which is not denticulated, as in _Oplura_. Skin of the neck folded
+ at the sides, that of the body flaccid, and with strongly marked
+ lateral folds, extending from the shoulder to the thigh. Scales of
+ the neck and back very small, round, slightly convex, very smooth.
+ Skin of the throat rugose, with a transverse pectoral fold not
+ very strongly marked. Scales of the throat similar to those of the
+ back; those of the belly broader and less convex; all perfectly
+ smooth. Tail about the length of the head and body, flattened at
+ the base, then round, surrounded with strong spinous verticillated
+ scales, of which there are about fifty circles; beneath smooth.
+ Legs of moderate length, strong, covered with small conical,
+ imbricated scales. The toes compressed towards the extremity, and
+ terminated with a strong, short, compressed nail.
+
+ COLOUR.—The colour can only be partially described, as the specimen
+ has been long in spirits. It is of a dark brown colour above, with
+ darker, obscure markings on the body. About the head are traces of
+ green. The tail and limbs are rich brown, and the under parts
+ dull, pale fuscous.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 8
+ of the neck 0 4
+ of the body 2 5
+ of the tail 3 7
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 7 4
+ Length of anterior extremity 1 4
+ of posterior extremity 2 0
+
+
+ FAMILIA—GECKOTIDÆ. _Gray._
+ GECKOTIENS OU ASCALABOTES. _Bibr._
+ GENUS—GYMNODACTYLUS. _Spix._
+ GYMNODACTYLUS GAUDICHAUDII. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XIV.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Squamâ mentali impari pentagonâ, scutiformi; squamarum labialium
+ inferiorum paribus quinque, superiorum paribus sex; caudâ medio
+ crassiore._
+
+ _Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii._ Bibr. Rept. III. p. 413.
+
+This species was first brought from Coquimbo by Gaudichaud, after whom
+it was named by Mons. Bibron, who described it in his work; but as one
+specimen alone exists in the French National Collection, and as the
+species has never been figured, it is thought desirable that a figure
+should be given in the present work. The characters above given
+sufficiently distinguish it from all other species; but for a detailed
+description, the reader is referred to the “Histoire des Reptiles” above
+quoted.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 4
+ of the tail 2 3
+ ──────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 4 2
+
+
+ _Reptiles Plate 14._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _Printed by C. Hullmandel._
+]
+
+ _1. Leiocephalus Grayii._
+ _2. Centrura flagellifer._
+
+The specimens brought home by Mr. Darwin were from Port Desire, in
+Patagonia, and the following observations occur in his MS.
+notes:—“Centre of the back yellowish brown, sometimes with a strong
+tinge of dark green; sides clouded with blackish brown; in very great
+numbers under stones; makes a grating noise when taken hold of; after
+death loses its darker colours.
+
+“A specimen being kept for some days in a tin box, changed colour into
+an uniform grey, without the black cloudings. I thought I noticed some
+change after catching and bringing home these animals, but could observe
+no instantaneous change.”
+
+I have considered these specimens as belonging to the species to which I
+have assigned them, because they exactly agree with Mons. Bibron’s
+description. It is, however, very possible that an opportunity of
+comparing them with those obtained by Gaudichaud, would show them to be
+distinct, as it rarely happens that the same species of reptile is found
+on the opposite sides of the American Continent.
+
+
+ GENUS—NAULTINUS. _Gray._
+ NAULTINUS GRAYII.
+
+ PLATE XIV.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Omninò viridis; fronte subconcavo; squamulis capitis planis._
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head thick, swollen across the posterior part, concave
+ between the eyes, and forwards nearly to the snout, which is
+ rounded. Scales of the head larger towards the fore part, nearly
+ flat. Eyes round, large; ears longitudinally oval. Body covered
+ with small nearly equal scales. Tail round, one-fifth longer than
+ the body. Limbs short, the anterior, when placed against the side,
+ reaching but little more than half way to the thigh; the posterior
+ reaching about two-thirds the distance towards the shoulder. Toes
+ short; on the anterior foot the first is the shortest, then the
+ second, the fifth, and the fourth; on the posterior increasing in
+ the same series; all compressed towards the extremity, and all
+ furnished with small curved close claws.
+
+ The colour is a fine green.
+
+It was taken at the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. It lives on trees, and
+is said to make a laughing noise.
+
+This species greatly resembles _Naultinus Elegans_[3] of Mr. Gray, of
+which a beautiful specimen is in the British Museum. Upon a comparison
+of the two, however, I find that they differ in the following
+particulars. In the present species the head is concave between the
+eyes, and forwards nearly to the snout; in the other, this part is quite
+plain; the scales of the head in this species are flat; in the other
+they are convex. The colour of this species is uniformly green, whereas
+_N. Elegans_ has several markings of a yellow colour, each distinctly
+bordered with black.
+
+Footnote 3:
+
+ See Fauna of New Zealand, p. 203. Zool. Misc. p. 72.
+
+
+ FAMILIA—LACERTIDÆ.
+ GENUS—AMEIVA. _Cuvier._
+ AMEIVA LONGICAUDA. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XV.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Squamis suprà-humeralibus, rhomboideis, imbricatis; subfemoralibus
+ transversim hexagonis; abdominalibus in seriebus decem
+ longitudinalibus dispositis; caudâ, corpore cum capite plus quam
+ duplò longiore, squamis medio carinatis, et ad margine
+ subcarinatis._
+
+Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head very narrow, much elongated and pointed, the vertex
+ flattened; nostrils rather large, open, round, directed laterally,
+ and placed in the centre of the naso-rostral plate; superciliary
+ plates three in number, the central one the largest; suprahumeral
+ scales rhomboidal, imbricated, not broader than long, in four
+ series; those of the arm transversely hexagonal; the anterior
+ surface of the thigh, and the inferior of the leg, covered with
+ large hexagonal, somewhat imbricated, scales; caudal scales above
+ quadrate, longer than broad, with a strong medial carina, and the
+ lateral margins slightly raised; beneath smooth; tail very long.
+ Anterior extremity placed against the body, reaching rather more
+ than half way to the thigh; posterior extremity extending forwards
+ nearly to the ear.
+
+ COLOUR.—The upper surface of this beautiful species is dark brown or
+ blackish, with nine distinct white or yellowish longitudinal
+ fasciæ extending through the whole length of the neck and body;
+ tail with four of these lines. Under parts white.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 6
+ of the neck 0 3
+ of the body 1 4
+ of the tail 5 2
+ ────────────────────────────────────────────
+ Total length 7 5
+ Length of anterior extremity 0 7
+ of posterior extremity 1 5
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 15._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.
+ C. Hullmandel Imp._
+]
+
+ _1._ _Ameiva longicauda._ _Nat. Size._
+ _2. 2a. 2b._ _Gerrhosaurus sepiformis._ „
+ _3._ _Cyclodus Casuarinæ._ „
+
+Found at Bahia Blanca by Mr. Darwin. The specimens are probably all of
+them very young; hence the longitudinal lines can scarcely be considered
+as permanent, as most species of the genus are beautifully lineated in
+the young state. The length of the tail, with its carinated scales, the
+general elegance of the form, the gracile form of the head, and the neat
+and distinct arrangement of the colours, render this one of the most
+beautiful species of this elegant genus.
+
+The description of the colours given above, being from specimens which
+have been long in spirits, it is necessary to state that Mr. Darwin has
+the following notice respecting one of them—“On the sides two dark red
+streaks; tail red.”
+
+
+ FAMILIA—ZONURIDÆ.
+ GENUS—GERRHOSAURUS. WEIGMANN.
+ GERRHOSAURUS SEPIFORMIS. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XV.—FIG. 2.
+
+ SCINCUS SEPIFORMIS, Schneid. Hist. Amph. II. p. 191. Merr. Syst. Amph.
+ p. 70. n. 1.
+
+ GERRHOSAURUS SEPIFORMIS, Bibr. Hist. des Rept. V. p. 384.
+
+ _Corpore cum caudâ longo, serpentiformi; pedibus parvis; squamarum
+ submaxillarum pari secundo contiguis; squamis dorsalibus magnis,
+ subrectangularibus, striatis, in seriebus tredecem, et ventralibus
+ in seriebus octo dispositis._
+
+Habitat, Cape of Good Hope.
+
+After a careful examination of the data from which the different
+synonyms of this species, and of _Gerrhosaurus flavigularis_, Bibr.,
+have been derived, I am inclined to agree with this author, that the
+present is the true _Scincus sepiformis_ of Schneider, and of Merrem,
+and not _Scincus flavigularis_ as supposed by Wagler, Weigmann, and
+Gray. It is very fully described by Bibron in the “Histoire Naturelle
+des Reptiles,” but it has not hitherto been figured. There is no notice
+of it in Mr. Darwin’s notes, further than its having been obtained at
+the Cape of Good Hope.
+
+
+ FAMILIA—SCINCIDÆ.
+ GENUS—CYCLODUS. _Wagler._
+ CYCLODUS CASUARINÆ. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XV.—FIG. 3.
+
+ _Aurium margine anteriore simplici; squamis corporis, in seriebus XXIV
+ dispositis._
+
+ “_Kèneux de la casuarina_, Cocteau, Tab. Synopt.” (_v._ Bibr. Hist. Nat.
+ des Rept. V. p. 749.)
+ _Cyclodus casuarinæ_, Bibr. l. c.
+
+As I have not the work of the lamented Dr. Cocteau by me, I quote the
+above reference from M. Bibron’s work, in which this species is fully
+described. It differs from the other species of this curious genus in
+many minute characters of the scaling of the head, but the most tangible
+and obvious distinctive character consists in the number of series of
+scales, which does not exceed twenty-four, all around the body, whilst
+in the others, they amount to thirty-four or thirty-eight. It would
+appear that it is liable to some considerable diversity in colour and
+markings. That which M. Bibron describes, has “the head of a yellowish
+grey, the whole of the upper part of the body olive grey, and the
+inferior part whitish grey.” The specimen in the collection of the
+Zoological Society has the whole upper part of a brownish grey, with
+twelve black lines extending from the neck along the back and tail,
+corresponding with the sutures of the longitudinal series of scales. The
+under surface of the tail is marked by about thirty transverse,
+interrupted, black bands. The following is the description given by Mr.
+Darwin from his specimen when taken,—“Scales on the centre of the back
+light greenish brown, edged on their sides with black; scales on the
+sides of the body above greyer and with less black, below reddish: belly
+yellow, with numerous narrow, irregular, waving, transverse lines of
+black, which are formed by the lower margin of some of the scales being
+black; head above grey, beneath whitish.” Mr. Darwin adds, that the
+motion of the body, when crawling, resembles that of a snake. It is not
+very active. Coleoptera and larvæ were found in its stomach. “It is
+common in the open woods near Hobart Town in Van Diemen’s Land.”
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 16._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _C. Hullmandel Imp._
+]
+
+ _1._ _Rana Delalandii._ │_Nat. Size._
+ _2._ _Rana Mascariensis._ │ „
+ _3. 3a._ _Limnocharis fuscus._ │ „
+ _4._ _Cystignathus Georgianus._│ „
+
+
+ CLASSIS—AMPHIBIA.
+ ORDO—ANOURA.
+ FAMILIA—RANIDÆ.
+ GENUS RANA.
+ RANA DELALANDII. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XVI.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis in serie transversâ, medio interruptâ, dispositis;
+ membris posterioribus corpore cum capite duplò longioribus; pedibus
+ posticis gracillimis, semipalmatis._
+
+ _Rana Delalandii_, Bibr. Hist. Rept. VIII. p. 388.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head elongate, depressed. Eyes large, not prominent.
+ Tympanum nearly round. Palatine teeth in two simple series,
+ commencing at the inner side of the anterior margin of the
+ posterior nares, and extending towards each other in a transverse
+ direction, leaving between them a space of about half the length
+ of each. Tongue not quite as long as it is broad. Body somewhat
+ depressed, and with the head forming an almost uninterrupted
+ ellipse. Skin of the back, with several small longitudinal folds.
+ Anterior legs, when placed against the sides, reaching to the
+ thigh. Fingers very slender, and of nearly equal length. Posterior
+ limbs fully twice as long as the head and body. Toes extremely
+ long and slender, and connected by a membrane by about half their
+ length.
+
+ COLOUR.—The general colour of the upper parts is a rich brown, with
+ darker brown and white markings. A white median fascia extends the
+ whole length of the head and body; another fascia of the same
+ colour and of very irregular figure on each side, passes backwards
+ and downwards from above the shoulders, and loses itself in the
+ pale colour of the abdomen. There are several smaller white lines
+ and spots, and others of a dark rich brown, particularly a large
+ mark of the latter colour behind the eye, including the tympanum.
+ The thighs and legs are elegantly banded with similar colours. The
+ under side is whitish.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 8
+ of anterior extremities 1 1
+ of posterior ditto 3 7
+
+This species was first discovered at the Cape of Good Hope by M.
+Delalande, and named after him by Mons. Bibron. Mr. Darwin found it in
+the same locality. It is now figured for the first time.
+
+
+ RANA MASCARIENSIS.
+
+ PLATE XVI.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis binis obliquis distantibus, ad
+ marginem interiorem narium posteriorum attingentibus; tympano
+ circulari, mediocri; digitis posticis usque ad phalanges penultimas
+ connexis: plantis tuberculo unico; cute dorsi lævi, longitudinalitèr
+ plicatâ; suprà fusco-rufescens,fasciâ longitudinali pallidâ._
+
+ _Rana Mascariensis_, Bibr. Hist. Rept. VIII. p. 315.
+
+Habitat, the Mauritius.
+
+This pretty species of the typical genus of the family was described by
+Bibron, but has not hitherto been figured. It was found in Mauritius, on
+swamps near the sea, by Mr. Darwin, who remarks on the extraordinary
+height of its leaps. It has also been found in the Seychelles,
+Madagascar, and the Island of Bourbon.
+
+
+ GENUS—LIMNOCHARIS. _Bell._
+
+ _Lingua ovalis, integrâ, margine posteriore libero. Dentes palatini
+ utrinque in fasciculis duobus dispositis, quorum alter ad marginem
+ anteriorem narium interiorum, alter pone nares interiores, prope
+ arcum maxillarem. Nasus terminalis, truncatus, ultra labium
+ productus. Tympanum conspicuum, circulare. Cutis omninò lævis.
+ Digiti anteriores liberi, posteriores ad basin tantùm palmati._
+
+The genus _Limnocharis_ is remarkable for the existence of palatine
+teeth in a part of the mouth in which they have never been observed in
+any other amphibian. Not only is there a small group or line of these
+contiguous with the anterior margin of the posterior nares,—a situation
+in which they are found in some other genera of _Ranidæ_, but there is
+also a group of them placed at some distance behind the posterior margin
+of these openings, and close within the rise of the maxillary arch. This
+genus, of which one species only is at present known, will probably be
+most naturally placed between the true _Ranæ_ and certain of the
+_Cystignathi_.
+
+
+ LIMNOCHARIS FUSCUS. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVI.—FIG. 3.
+
+Habitat, Rio Janeiro.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head semi-oval, depressed, as broad as it is long. The
+ muzzle truncated, extending beyond the lips, which it overhangs.
+ Tongue oval, entire, free at the posterior margin. Palatine teeth
+ in two parcels on each side; one consisting of very few at the
+ anterior and inner margin of the posterior nares, the other behind
+ those openings, in the angle formed by the maxillary arch and the
+ orbits. Posterior nares large and oval. Tympanum conspicuous,
+ nearly circular. Skin every where perfectly smooth, without glands
+ or pores. Anterior legs of moderate length and size. The fore-arm
+ rather longer than the upper arm. Fingers of moderate length,
+ wholly detached. Hinder legs little more than one-third longer
+ than body. The toes separate, excepting a slight rudiment of a
+ connecting membrane at their base, which extends, though very
+ narrow, along their sides, the extremity very slightly notched.
+
+ COLOUR of the upper part rich dark brown. The thighs lighter,
+ obscurely banded with dark brown. Under parts pale blueish grey.
+ The throat dotted with brown.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 4
+ of the anterior extremities 0 7
+ of the posterior extremities 1 8
+
+Found in brooks at Rio Janeiro by Mr. Darwin, who states that it is
+infested with acari; and I observe, in the specimen under examination,
+several marks in the skin, from whence these have been taken.
+
+
+ GENUS—CYSTIGNATHUS. _Wagler._
+ CYSTIGNATHUS GEORGIANUS. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XVI.—FIG. 4.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis perpaucis, in fasciculis binis approximatis, pone
+ nares posteriores; lingua integrâ, oblongâ; tympano celato; pedibus
+ posterioribus non palmatis._
+
+ _Crinia Georgiana_, Tschudi Class. Batrach.
+ _Cystignathus Georgianus_, Bibr. Rept. VIII. p. 416.
+
+This species, which formed the type of Tschudi’s genus _Crinia_, was
+separated by him from _Cystignathus_ on account of the form of the
+tongue, the nonappearance of the tympanum, the paucity of palatine
+teeth, and the total absence of an interdigital membrane on the hinder
+feet. These characters being either merely comparative or unimportant,
+were not considered by Bibron as sufficient to warrant a generic
+separation, and I have followed him in retaining the species amongst the
+_Cystignathi_. It was first discovered by Messrs. Quoy and Gaimard at
+King George’s Sound, in Australia, where it was also obtained by Mr.
+Darwin. It is a beautiful species; the back being of a rich brown
+colour, with a pale orange fascia extending along the sides from the eye
+to the thigh, becoming bright orange on the flanks. Thighs and legs
+banded with rich deep brown and bright orange.
+
+
+ GENUS—BORBOROCŒTES. _Bell._
+
+ _Lingua ovata, posticè libera, rotundata; anticè subacuminata. Dentes
+ palatini in fasciculis binis plùs minùsve obliquis, pone nares
+ posteriores positi. Tympanum celatum. Digiti anteriores haud
+ palmati; posteriores ad basin tantùm cute connexi. Glandulæ cutaneæ
+ nullæ. Sacculi vocales (maris) utrinque sub lingua nascentes._
+
+The two species on which I have founded this genus approach so nearly to
+some species of _Cystignathus_, that it is not without hesitation that I
+determine on considering them as typical of a new generic form. The
+principal characters on which I have founded the distinction are the
+position of the palatine teeth, the form of the tongue, the concealment
+of the tympanum, the absence of glands and pores on the skin, and the
+connexion of the base of the hinder toes by a rudimentary palmar
+membrane. It is true that some of the species of _Cystignathus_, as that
+genus is at present constituted, agree with the present form in some or
+other of these particulars; but upon the whole they are sufficiently
+distinct; and in fact the genus _Cystignathus_, as left by M. Bibron,
+appears to me to stand in need of revision and dismemberment. The
+species constituting the genus now proposed, are however both new. The
+genus _Borborocœtes_ will probably stand, in its natural affinities,
+between _Cystignathus_ and _Cycloramphus_, from the latter of which it
+differs in the situation of the palatine teeth, in the degree to which
+the hinder feet are webbed, and the comparative length of the hinder
+legs. The two latter characters are of importance as indicating a
+difference of habit; and we find that _Cycloramphus_ has proportionally
+short hinder limbs, with the toes extensively palmate, whilst in
+_Borborocœtes_ the hinder legs are much longer, and the toes scarcely at
+all webbed. The former structure indicates a greater power of swimming,
+and the latter of leaping.
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 17._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _Printed by C. Hullmandel._
+]
+
+ _1._ _Borborocœtes_ _Bibronii._ _1a. Mag. View of Tongue & Gullet._
+
+ _Nat. Size._
+ _2._ _Grayii._ „
+ _3._ _Pleurodema_ _Darwinii._ „
+ _4._ _elegans._ „
+ _5._ _bufoninum._ „
+
+
+ BORBOROCŒTES BIBRONII. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVII. FIG. 1.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis distantibus obliquis pone nares
+ posteriores positis; palmis bituberculatis._
+
+Habitat, Chiloe and Valdivia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head depressed, the vertex slightly concave between the
+ orbits; front (space included between two lines drawn from the
+ anterior corner of the orbits to the point of the nose) triangular
+ and distinct. Nostrils lateral. Eyes rather prominent. Tongue
+ broad, ovate, acuminated in front, behind entire and rounded, the
+ posterior half and the sides detached. Palatine teeth in two oval
+ parcels, direct obliquely backwards and inwards, and situated at
+ some distance behind the line of the posterior margin of the
+ nares. Tympanum concealed. Body rather depressed and short. Skin
+ smooth and without pores or glands, excepting on the posterior and
+ inferior surface of the thighs, where there are some small
+ granular elevations. Pore legs two-thirds the length of the head
+ and body. The fore-arm rather larger than the upper arm. The
+ fingers entirely separated, the third considerably the longest. A
+ small tubercle under each joint, and two on the palm near the
+ wrist. Length of the hinder legs to that of the head and body as 5
+ to 3, or rather more. Toes connected only at their base. A small
+ tubercle under each joint, and a very depressed one at the base of
+ the inner toe.
+
+ COLOUR of the upper parts fuscous, with a lateral fascia extending
+ from the orbit nearly to the thigh, of a dark-brown colour,
+ bordered with whitish; and another of an elongated triangular form
+ on each ilium. Legs with transverse incomplete faciæ of the same
+ colour. Under parts grey, with numerous brown dots.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the body and head 1 5
+ of the anterior extremities 1 0
+ of the posterior extremities 2 6
+
+Taken at Valdivia and at Chiloe, in a thick forest, by Mr. Darwin.
+
+
+ BORBOROCŒTES GRAYII. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVII.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis subcontiguis paulò obliquis, pone
+ nares posteriores positis; palmis non tuberculatis._
+
+Habitat, Valdivia.
+
+This species considerably resembles the former in most of its
+characters. The palatine teeth, however, form at once a certain and
+tangible distinction and there are some minor points in which they
+differ, sufficient at a glance to determine them. The head in the
+present animal is broader than it is long; in the former the breadth is
+only equal to its length. The palms are in this species without
+conspicuous tubercles; in the other there are two, although very small.
+
+In colour it differs much from the former. The general colour is a rich
+fuscous brown, rather paler beneath; the flanks, the throat and belly,
+and the whole of the thighs and legs, with various white markings, those
+of the throat and belly being the smallest. This species was found in
+the forest, in Valdivia.
+
+
+ GENUS—PLEURODEMA. _Tschudi._
+
+I have thought it right to follow Tschudi in separating from the genus
+_Cystignathus_ of Wagler, such species as have large and conspicuous
+lumbar glands, particularly as they all agree in possessing a much more
+bufonine aspect than the others. The discovery of three new species, all
+agreeing in these characters with _Pleurodema Bibronii_ of Tschudi,
+increases the importance of the grounds upon which this separation is
+made.
+
+
+ PLEURODEMA DARWINII. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVII.—FIG. 3.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis paucis, minimis; lingua subcordatâ, vix
+ emarginatâ; glandulis lumborum magnis, rotundis, convexis; digitis
+ posticis ad basin tantùm membranâ connexis; dorso sparsìm
+ tuberculato-glanduloso; suprà pallidè virescens, maculis
+ fusco-olivaceis._
+
+Habitat, Maldonado.
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 18._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on Stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _C. Hullmandel Imp._
+]
+
+ _1. 1a._ _Leiuperus salarius._
+ _2. 2a. 2b. 2c._ _Pyxicephalus Americanus._
+ _3. 3a. 3b._ _Alsodes Monticola._
+ _4. 4a._ _Litoria glandulosa._
+ _5. 5a. 5b._ _Batrachyla leptopus._
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head triangular, rather broader than long. Muzzle
+ rounded. Eyes slightly prominent. Tongue somewhat heart-shaped,
+ scarcely emarginated behind. Palatine teeth very few, and with
+ difficulty perceptible, placed in two small groups between the
+ posterior nares. Body thick and broad, with numerous glandular
+ tubercles scattered over the surface, principally on the anterior
+ parts, and assuming somewhat of a longitudinal arrangement. Lumbar
+ glands large, round, and prominent. Legs robust and short. Toes of
+ the fore feet wholly separate, with a small tubercle under each
+ joint, and two larger ones at the hinder part of the palm. Hinder
+ toes, with a rudimentary membrane at the base, a small tubercle
+ under each joint; the first and second toes very short. A conical
+ tubercle at the inner, and another at the outer side of the
+ metatarsus.
+
+ COLOUR.—The upper surface is beautifully marbled with dark olive or
+ black, on a light-green ground; some of the markings assume
+ somewhat of an ocellated form, and approach to a symmetrical
+ arrangement. The lumbar glands are more strongly coloured than the
+ other parts, the centre being black, and nearly surrounded by a
+ bright line of very light green, or nearly white. The thighs are
+ numerously banded with the prevailing colours, and a tinge of
+ orange or red. Beneath pale; in some specimens blackish under the
+ chin.
+
+The aspect of this species is remarkably bufonine; and this character is
+increased by the numerous glandular tubercles on the surface of the
+body, and pores about the parotid region. It is, doubtless, similar in
+its habits to many of the toads.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 4
+ of the anterior extremities 0 8
+ of the posterior extremities 1 7
+
+It was repeatedly found by Mr. Darwin at Maldonado, near the mouth of
+the river La Plata.
+
+
+ PLEURODEMA ELEGANS. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVII.—FIG. 4.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis prominentibus, in fasciculis binis ovatis obliquis
+ dispositis; lingua rotunda integrâ; glandulis lumborum ovalibus,
+ valdè convexis; digitis posticis haud palmatis; dorso
+ tuberculato-glanduloso, fusco, nigro obscurè maculato, fasciâ
+ longitudinali pallidâ._
+
+Habitat, Valparaiso, Valdivia, and Archipelago of Chiloe.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head semi-elliptic, as broad as long. Muzzle rounded.
+ Eyes very slightly prominent. Tongue large, round, entire, very
+ thick. Palatine teeth prominent, disposed in two oval groups,
+ extending obliquely backwards and inwards, but separated by a
+ considerable interval. Body somewhat depressed and elongated, with
+ many prominent glandular tubercles, and with pores about the
+ parotid region. Lumbar glands of moderate size, of an elongated
+ oval form, and very convex. Legs rather slender, the anterior feet
+ with the third toe considerably the longest; a small tubercle
+ under each joint of all the toes, and several small inconspicuous
+ ones on the palm; hinder legs rather elongated, the toes long,
+ particularly the fourth, the first very short; a small tubercle
+ under each joint; the inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, the
+ outer one inconsiderable.
+
+ COLOUR.—The markings of this species are very elegant and striking.
+ The ground colour of the upper parts is a rich brown, with darker
+ cloudings and marks; a light yellowish longitudinal line running
+ all the length from the nose to the extremity of the body, a very
+ irregular fascia on each side of the same colour enclosing a brown
+ oblong spot on the upper lip, another just behind the tympanum,
+ and two others on the sides; there is also a brown fascia from the
+ extremity of the nose to each eye; the lumbar glands are black and
+ yellow, distinctly marked. The limbs are obscurely banded with
+ brown and pale yellowish. The colours in some specimens are more
+ obscure than in that figured, and they appear to lose their
+ clearness with age.
+
+ The following are the colours of the brighter individuals according to
+ the observations of Mr. Darwin:—“Yellowish and broccoli-brown,
+ with darker brown marks; broad medial dorsal line, pale gallstone
+ yellow; lumbar glands saffron yellow and jet black.” Another
+ specimen was “ash-grey with blackish brown marks.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 8
+ of the anterior extremities 1 0
+ of the posterior extremities 2 4
+
+The general habit of this species is much more in accordance with its
+relation to the _Ranidæ_ than that of the other species of the genus.
+Its general form is more elongated and depressed, and the limbs,
+particularly the hinder ones, are longer in proportion to the body. It
+is certainly very near _Pl. Bibronii_ of Tschudi, but still undoubtedly
+distinct.
+
+
+ PLEURODEMA BUFONINUM. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVII.—FIG. 5.
+
+ _Dentibus palatinis prominentibus, in fasciculis binis ovalibus,
+ obliquis, dispositis; lingua subcordiformi, subemarginata; glandulis
+ lumborum maximis, ellipticis, planis; digitis posticis dimidio ferè
+ palmatis, marginatis; dorso glandulis parvis instructo,fusco-griseo
+ maculis, nigris, lineâ longitudinali pallidâ_.
+
+Habitat, Port Desire, Patagonia.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head short. Muzzle rounded. Eyes prominent. Tongue thick,
+ slightly heart-shaped, scarcely notched on the posterior margin.
+ Palatine teeth prominent, in two oval groups, converging
+ backwards. Tympanum rather small, perfectly round, conspicuous.
+ Parotid glands distinct. Body thick and broad, with small
+ glandular tubercles dispersed over the surface, particularly at
+ the anterior part. Lumbar glands extremely large, elliptic-ovate,
+ flat. Legs of moderate length, rather robust. Anterior toes
+ separated, excepting at the base; a small tubercle under each
+ joint, and several very small ones on the palm; hinder toes united
+ to about half their length, and bordered on each side to the
+ extremity; metatarsal tubercles prominent; soles of the hinder
+ feet with many minute tubercles.
+
+ COLOUR.—The upper surface of this species is of a brownish grey
+ colour, sometimes greenish brown or dark olive, and with numerous
+ irregular spots of dark-brown or black. Thighs and legs with
+ fasciæ of the same colour. Beneath yellowish white; in some with
+ numerous blackish dots under the throat.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 8
+ of the anterior extremities 1 0
+ of the posterior extremities 2 3
+
+Found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, in Patagonia, and high up the river
+Santa Cruz—“probably,” says Mr. Darwin, “the most southern limit for
+this family.”
+
+
+ GENUS—LEIUPERUS. _Bibr._
+ LEIUPERUS SALARIUS. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVIII.—FIG. 1.
+
+ _Suprà nigricans, lumbis maculis 3 vel 4 nigris, albo-marginatis._
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—The head is short, the opening of the mouth small, the
+ tongue rather thick, very slightly emarginate behind, and with the
+ posterior margin free. The eyes small; the tympanum not very
+ conspicuous; there is a trace of a parotid gland on each side of
+ the neck. The body is rather thick, and the limbs proportionally
+ short. The hinder toes are only connected at the base by a
+ rudimentary membrane, the first four gradually increasing in
+ length, and placed along the side of the matatarsus, one beyond
+ the other; the fifth on the same line as the fourth, but not more
+ than half its length. The metatarsal tubercle is rather prominent,
+ and there are small subarticular tubercles on the toes of all the
+ feet.
+
+ COLOUR.—The colour of the upper parts is brownish black. On each side
+ near the thigh are three or four perfectly round black spots, each
+ surrounded with a white line. The under parts whitish.
+
+Of this second species of a rare and remarkable genus, one specimen only
+exists in Mr. Darwin’s collection. It is only the third known instance,
+in the family of the RANIDÆ, of the absence of palatine teeth; the
+others being _Oxyglossus Lima_ of Tschudi, and _Leiuperus marmoratus_ of
+Bibron. The present genus must be considered as nearly approaching the
+family of the BUFONIDÆ in the absence of palatine and the extreme
+minuteness of the maxillary teeth, in the extremely small gape of the
+mouth, the thick form of the body, the shortness of the limbs, and the
+existence of rudimentary parotid glands. I have not had an opportunity
+of comparing this specimen with those on which Bibron founded the genus,
+but I cannot doubt the specific distinction between them.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 0 9
+ of the anterior extremities 0 5
+ of the posterior extremities 1 1
+
+It was found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, and its habitat is very
+remarkable. “It is bred in and inhabits water far too salt to drink.”
+
+
+ GENUS—PYXICEPHALUS. _Bibr._
+ PYXICEPHALUS AMERICANUS. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XVIII.—FIG. 2.
+
+ _Lingua cordiformi; dentibus palatinis in lineâ transversâ interruptâ,
+ inter nares posteriores positis; tympano celato; dorso mammillato._
+
+This curious species has, I believe, only once before been found. A
+single specimen exists in the French Museum, which was brought from
+Buenos Ayres by Mons. d’Orbigny, and which formed the subject of Mons.
+Bibron’s description. Mr. Darwin’s specimen was taken on the open plains
+at Monte Video.
+
+Of the three species of this remarkable genus at present known, two are
+inhabitants of Africa, from whence they were brought by Delalande. As
+neither of them has as yet been figured, it was thought desirable that
+the present opportunity should be taken to exhibit some of the generic
+characters, and especially the hard horny spur on the hinder foot.
+
+This genus is one of those bufonine forms of the RANIDÆ which
+irresistibly lead us to doubt the correctness of the present received
+arrangement of the anourous Amphibia.
+
+
+ GENUS—ALSODES. _Bell._.
+
+ _Caput convexum. Lingua anticè acutè-producta, posticè rotundata, et
+ libera. Dentes palatini inter nares posteriores. Tympanum celatum.
+ Aperturæ Eustachianæ haud conspicuæ. Digiti anteriores ad basin
+ tantùm—posteriores usque ad phalangem tertium membranâ connexi._
+
+A genus of the Raniform group, nearly allied, as Mons. Bibron observes,
+to _Scaphiopus_, by the structure of the hands, which, although without
+any projecting rudimentary thumb, has a small process under the skin,
+along the extreme margin of the first finger. In common with the genus
+_Bombinator_, it has the opening of the Eustachian tubes so small as
+scarcely to be detected.
+
+
+ ALSODES MONTICOLA. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVIII.—FIG. 3.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head semi-elliptical, somewhat convex, with the muzzle
+ nearly perpendicular; vertex smooth. Eyes of moderate size.
+ Nostrils very small, opening upwards. Tongue broad and rounded
+ behind, narrowing to a point at the apex, detached at the
+ posterior part. Palatine teeth in two small approximate patches,
+ between the posterior nostrils. Openings of the Eustachian tubes
+ scarcely visible. Extremities of moderate length. The fore feet,
+ with four rather short toes, connected at the base by a short
+ membrane; the inner toe broad, and with a slight projection under
+ the skin, along its inner margin; hinder toes connected as far as
+ the joint of the second and third phalanges.
+
+The colour of the only specimen in the collection has become totally
+changed into a smoky brown by the spirit, but the following is Mr.
+Darwin’s description of it when living: “On the centre of the back a
+strong tinge of grass-green, shading on the sides into a yellowish
+brown; iris coppery.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 0
+ of the anterior extremities 0 9
+ of the posterior extremities 1 8
+
+Mr. Darwin found this species “in the island of Inchy, archipelago of
+Chonos, north part of Cape Tres Montes, from the same great height as
+_Bufo Chilensis_ (from 500 to 2500 feet elevation) under a stone.”
+
+
+ GENUS—LITORIA. _Bibr._
+ LITORIA GLANDULOSA. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XVIII.—FIG. 4.
+
+ _Femoribus posticè glandulosis; digitis posticis brevitèr palmatis._
+
+This species agrees in many respects with _Litoria Americana_ of Bibron.
+It differs, however, in the toes being much less palmate, at least
+according to the generic character given by that excellent naturalist,
+and in the existence of numerous thick glands on the posterior part of
+the thighs. The very slight degree to which the extremities of the toes
+are dilated in the other species of this genus, and which would at first
+sight lead to their allocation amongst the Raniform rather than the
+Hyliform group, is in the present species even more strongly exhibited;
+and it can scarcely be said that any dilatation exists at all.
+
+The colours in the only specimen brought by Mr. Darwin are much
+obscured. The upper parts are apparently of an uniform brown, the under
+parts whitish, dotted with brown.
+
+It was taken by Mr. Darwin at Concepcion, in Chile.
+
+
+ GENUS—BATRACHYLA. _Bell._
+
+ _Lingua suborbicularis, posticè libera. Dentes palatini in fasciculis
+ binis obliquis inter nares posteriores dispositi. Tympanum
+ distinctum, parvum, rotundum. Digiti depressi, ad apicem paullò
+ dilatati, truncati. Anteriores ad basin tantùm—posteriores paulò
+ plus palmati._
+
+This genus, which considerably resembles _Hylodes_, is nevertheless
+sufficiently distinct from it, in the distribution of the palatine
+teeth, in the form of the dilatations of the toes, in the presence of a
+small palmar membrane, and some other points. One of the most remarkable
+of its characters is the form of the dilatation at the extremity of the
+toes; it is very small, transverse, truncated, and even a little
+emarginate; in this respect it must be considered as constituting a very
+near approach to the family of the RANIDÆ. We are unfortunately without
+any information as to the habits of the only known species which could
+throw any light upon its relations; but it is very clear that the
+dilatations of the toes are not such as to constitute it a true
+_tree-frog_, nor, on the other hand, are the connecting membranes of
+sufficient extent to give it the typical character of the swimming group
+of these animals.
+
+BATRACHYLA LEPTOPUS. _Mihi._
+
+PLATE XVIII.—FIG. 5.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head depressed, broad, rounded. Nostrils small, placed
+ near together. Eyes large, opening considerably upwards. Tongue
+ nearly round, the posterior part free for about one-third of its
+ length. Palatine teeth placed in two small oval groups, placed
+ obliquely, between the posterior nostrils, separated from each
+ other by a considerable space. Tympanum small, nearly round. Limbs
+ of moderate length. The toes on all the feet depressed, slender,
+ the terminal dilatation very small, transverse, truncated; those
+ of the fore feet connected at the base only, those of the hinder
+ to the union of the first and second phalanges; of those of the
+ fore feet the third is the longest, then the fourth, the second,
+ and the first; of the hinder the fourth is the longest, then the
+ third and fifth equal, then the second and the first. There are
+ some minute scattered glands on the posterior part of the thighs.
+
+The only specimen in Mr. Darwin’s collection is in so bad a condition,
+that it is impossible to say with any certainty what is its natural
+colour. It is brown above, with a lighter band across the head between
+the eyes, and there are traces of a longitudinal line down the back; the
+limbs are banded with brown and brownish yellow; the under parts are
+pale, dotted with brown.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 0 5
+ of the body 1 0
+ of the anterior extremities 1 0
+ of the posterior extremities 2 1
+
+Found by Mr. Darwin at Valdivia.
+
+
+ GENUS—HYLORINA. _Bell._
+
+ _Caput subrotundum planum. Linguæ magnâ circularis, posticè libera.
+ Dentes palatini in lineâ transversâ, parum interruptâ, dispositi.
+ Tympanum distinctum. Digiti subdepressi, ad apicem obtusi, haud
+ expansi; anteriores ferè liberi; posteriores ad basin membranâ
+ connexi, et marginati. Femora multò glandulosa._
+
+A genus nearly allied to _Hylodes_, from which, however, it may at once
+be distinguished by the palmure of the hinder toes—which in _Hylodes_
+are entirely free—and by the absence of even the slightest dilatation of
+their extremities; offering another example of an osculant form between
+the HYLIDÆ and the RANIDÆ.
+
+
+ HYLORINA SYLVATICA. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XIX.—FIG. 1.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head broad, rounded, the anterior margin, from the nose
+ to the lip, nearly perpendicular. Eyes large and prominent.
+ Tympanum distinct, small, round. Tongue very large, circular, and
+ entire, the posterior half free. Palatine teeth placed in a
+ transverse line between the posterior nostrils, scarcely
+ interrupted in the middle. Skin of the back rugose. Anterior feet
+ with the toes long, rather slender, united at the base only by a
+ very short membrane, with round subarticular tubercles, the apex
+ rounded, but not presenting the slightest expansion. Hinder toes
+ similarly formed, but with the connecting membrane more
+ conspicuous, and extending along the sides of the toes nearly to
+ the extremity. Thighs covered on the under and posterior surface
+ with rather large and distinct glands.
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 19._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _C. Hullmandel Imp._
+]
+
+ _1. 1a._ _Hylorina_ _syvatica._
+ _2. 2a._ _Hyla_ _agrestis._
+ _3. 3a._ _Vauterii._
+
+The following is the description of the colouring, as given by Mr.
+Darwin from the living specimen. “Above fine grass green, mottled all
+over with copper colour, which nearly forms two longitudinal bands;
+beneath entirely of a lurid reddish lead colour. Iris brown.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head 1 0
+ of the body 1 8
+ of the anterior extremities 2 1
+ of the posterior extremities 4 4
+
+Found by Mr. Darwin in the Archipelago of Chonos (S. of Chiloe) in thick
+forests.
+
+
+ GENUS—HYLA.
+ HYLA VAUTERII. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XIX. FIG. 2.
+
+ _Linguæ subcordiformi, posticè emarginatâ. Dentibus palatinis in
+ fasciculis binis ovalilibus, subcontiguis. Oculis prominentibus.
+ Capite tam lato quam longo. Gulâ bi-plicatâ; suprà levitèr—infrà
+ multùm granulosâ. Dorso fusco-griseo, punctis, maculis et fasciis
+ lateralibus nigris_.
+
+ _Hyla Vauterii._ Bibr. MS.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head short, thick, the sides anteriorly converging
+ towards a nearly right angle, the muzzle rounded. Tongue nearly
+ cordate, posteriorly emarginate, free for about one-fourth of its
+ length. Palatine teeth in two oval fasciculi, placed nearly
+ transversely between the posterior nares, and almost contiguous.
+ Eyes prominent. Tympanum circular, rather large. Body plump, the
+ sides nearly parallel for two-thirds of its length. The skin
+ nearly smooth, but covered with very small inconspicuous
+ granulations over the whole upper surface, which are rather more
+ obvious on the head. The throat, the belly, and the inferior
+ surface of the thighs covered with large prominent granulations.
+ Beneath the lower jaw the granulations are smaller, and the under
+ surface of the limbs excepting the thighs is quite smooth. A small
+ fold of skin over the tympanum passes backwards to the arm; and
+ beneath the throat there are two considerable transverse folds,
+ one of which is before and the other immediately behind the arms.
+ Fore feet, with the palms covered with small granular tubercles,
+ and a tubercle under the joints of the fingers, which are
+ connected to about one-third of their length. Hinder legs longer
+ than the head and body by the whole foot and tarsus. The soles
+ tuberculated. Toes rather short, palmate to half their length.
+
+ COLOUR.—The whole of the upper parts are greyish brown, with a tinge
+ of red, and minutely punctured with black. There are scattered
+ spots of the latter colour on the back and sides, assuming
+ somewhat of a longitudinal arrangement, and a broad blackish grey
+ fascia extends from the eye backwards to the arm, including the
+ tympanum, and this fascia is bordered beneath by a white line. The
+ thighs and legs are barred and spotted with black. The under parts
+ are yellowish white, excepting under the lower jaw, where it is
+ finely mottled with black and white.
+
+I received the name of this species from Mons. Bibron, who had, I
+believe, applied it to specimens in the Paris Museum. It was taken by
+Mr. Darwin at Maldonado, lurking under a stone, and at Rio Janeiro on
+palm-trees.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 6
+ of anterior extremities 0 9
+ of posterior extremities 2 5
+
+
+ HYLA AGRESTIS. _Mihi._
+
+ _Capite brevi. Oculis subprominentibus. Tympano mediocri circulari.
+ Lingua subrotundâ, posticè libera, anticè angustatâ. Dentibus
+ palatinis in fasciculis binis, paulò separatis, ad marginem
+ postico-interiorem narium posteriorum. Dorso granuloso. Gulâ
+ plicatâ. Digitis anticis ad basin tantùm, posticis usque ad
+ phalanges penultimas palmatis. Suprà viridis, lineâ albâ laterali,
+ femoribus posticè atque lateribus abdominis, albis,
+ nigro-maculatis_.
+
+Habitat, Maldonado, in grassy fields.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head short, thick, the two sides of the muzzle
+ approaching each other at a rather acute angle, rounded at the
+ extremity. Eyes rather large and prominent. Tympanum circular, of
+ moderate size, and very distinct. Tongue entire, rounded, and free
+ behind, narrowed, and almost angular in front. Palatine teeth in
+ two oval parcels separated by a very small interval, and placed on
+ a line with the hinder margin of the _posterior nares_; the whole
+ of the back covered with extremely small granules; a slight fold
+ or elevation of the skin commencing above the posterior margin of
+ the tympanum, and extending backwards just above the arm, in front
+ of which it is met by a more considerable one which crosses the
+ throat from side to side; the under parts covered with large
+ granules; fore feet with the toes palmated only at the base;
+ hinder ones palmated to four-fifths of the length.
+
+The colour of this beautiful species is thus given by Mr. Darwin:—“Above
+emerald green, beneath white; a silvery white stripe bordered beneath
+with a very narrow black line, extends from the corner of the eye, along
+the side, to the thigh; a smaller one at the corner of the mouth; the
+posterior surface of the hinder legs and the flanks marked with black
+spots. Iris gold coloured; tympanum brown.”
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 8
+ of the anterior extremities 1 0
+ of the posterior extremities 2 8
+
+The young of this species, instead of the bright green colour of the
+upper parts, is of a delicate grey with small brown markings; and a
+lateral fascia of brown, bordered above and beneath with a white line,
+extends from the fore part of the head backwards, the upper white line
+nearly to the thigh, the inferior one to the shoulder. The black spots
+on the flanks and thighs are but just visible.
+
+This species so nearly resembles the _Hyla pulchella_ of Mons. Bibron,
+at least as far as his description enables me to ascertain its
+characters, that it was with some hesitation that I came to the
+conclusion that they are distinct. Exclusive, however, of the difference
+of colour, the back of the present species is granulated, and the throat
+still more distinctly so, whereas the other animal has the skin on the
+upper parts, as well as on the anterior part of the throat, quite
+smooth. The palatine teeth also appear to be somewhat differently
+arranged.
+
+Mr. Darwin observes, that this species was found in numbers in the open
+grass plains, and likewise in swamps, about Maldonado, and that they can
+never ascend trees, as these are entirely wanting at the places
+frequented by the Hylæ.
+
+
+ FAM.—BUFONIDÆ.
+ GENUS—RHINODERMA. _Bibr._
+
+ _Lingua cordato-ovata, posticè libera et subemarginata. Dentes
+ palatini nulli. Tympanum celatum. Glandæ parotideæ nullæ. Digiti
+ breves, depressi; anteriores ad basin tantùm, posteriores ferè
+ dimidio palmati. Rostrum cutis appendiculo filiformi instructum._
+
+
+ RHINODERMA DARWINII. _Bibr._
+
+ PLATE XX.—FIG. 1, 2.
+
+ _Suprà pallidè rufo-cinereum, fasciis transversis viridescentibus;
+ subtus castaneonigrum, maculis albis._
+
+ _Rhinoderma Darwinii._ Bibr. Hist. Nat. Rept. VIII. p. 659. _Var._ Dorso
+ fuscescenti-nigro.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—The head and body are flattened, the head triangular,
+ slightly truncated in front, but appearing angular from the skin
+ being produced into a small filiform appendage, standing forwards
+ from the extremity of the snout. The eyes are lateral, slightly
+ prominent. Body very slender. Skin perfectly smooth, and without
+ apparent glands, excepting on the thighs. Fore legs rather short,
+ reaching quite to the thighs when placed by the side; the toes
+ almost wholly separate, there being but the rudiment of a
+ connecting membrane at their base. Hinder legs long, extending
+ forwards beyond the head by the whole length of the foot; the
+ hinder toes are connected nearly half their length, and the
+ connecting membrane is thick and coloured like the rest of the
+ skin.
+
+ COLOUR.—The colour varies greatly in different individuals. The
+ following are the principal variations in the specimens collected
+ by Mr. Darwin. Above pale iron rust-colour, with a transverse
+ fascia across the head, a triangular one over the shoulders, a
+ large broad mark on the loins, and the upper part of the thighs
+ all of a bright beautiful green. The under side anteriorly rich
+ chestnut-brown, passing into black posteriorly, with several
+ irregular snow-white spots, particularly a broad one across the
+ belly, and white bands across the legs. Another specimen was cream
+ colour above, the markings darker, and with small spots of green.
+ In one the chestnut colour beneath was replaced by bright yellow.
+ There is one, constituting a very distinct variety, in which the
+ upper part is wholly and almost uniformly dark brown. The female
+ is greenish grey above, without conspicuous markings.
+
+This is the only known species of the genus, which was founded by Mons.
+Bibron upon the specimens collected by Mr. Darwin. The general
+slightness and elegance of its form, and its slender proportions, would
+lead us to consider it at first sight as rather belonging to the
+_Ranidæ_ than the _Bufonidæ_; but the total absence of teeth in the
+upper maxillary arch, shews that its proper place is in the latter
+group. Its form and the length of the posterior extremities would also
+prepare us to expect that it can leap freely, which Mr. Darwin states to
+be the fact. It inhabits thick and gloomy forests, and is excessively
+common in the forest of Valdivia.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 0
+ of the anterior extremities 0 5
+ of the posterior extremities 1 4
+
+
+ _Reptiles. Plate 20._
+
+[Illustration:
+
+ _Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins._
+ _Printed by C. Hullmandel._
+]
+
+ _1. 2._ _Rhinoderma Darwinii._ _Nat. Size._
+ _3. 4. 5._ _Phryniscus nigricans._ „
+ _6._ _Uperodon. ornatum._ „
+
+
+ BUFO CHILENSIS. _Bibr._
+
+Of this species, which has been described under different names by many
+naturalists, and the synonymy of which has only lately been cleared up
+by Mons. Bibron, there exist numerous specimens in the collection of Mr.
+Darwin, who found it at Buenos Ayres, and also in the Archipelago of
+Chonos, on the west coast of South America. It is certainly remarkable
+that the same species should be found on the opposite sides of the
+Continent; but on a careful examination I do not find any specific
+distinctions between the specimens from the different localities. The
+Prince de Wied has described it as found at Brazil, under the name of
+_Bufo cinctus_, and it is also well known as having been repeatedly
+procured in Peru and in Chile; but Mons. Bibron has in his work
+considered them all as belonging to but one species. The following
+account of its habits as given by Mr. Darwin is very curious and
+interesting:—“These Toads are exceedingly abundant all over the treeless
+damp mountains of granite, crawling about, and eating during the
+daytime, and making a noise similar to that which is commonly used in
+England to quicken horses. Many of them on being touched close their
+eyes, arch their back, and draw up their legs (as if the spinal marrow
+was divided), probably as an artifice. They are remarkable from their
+curious manner of running like the Natter Jack of England; they scarcely
+ever jump, neither do they crawl like a toad, but run very quickly.
+Their bright colours give them a very strange appearance. They abound at
+an elevation of 500 to 2500 feet.”
+
+
+ GENUS—PHRYNISCUS.
+ PHRYNISCUS NIGRICANS. _Weigm._
+
+ PLATE XX.—FIG. 3, 4, 5.
+
+ _Dorso granuloso, scabriusculo. Pedibus posticis subpalmatis. Corpore
+ membrisque nigris, abdomine maculâ magnâ transversâ ad partem
+ posteriorem et maculâ rotunda utrinque medium versus, palmis atque
+ plantis, omnibus coccineis._
+
+ _Phryniscus nigricans._ Weigm. Nov. Act. Leop. XVII. p. 264. Bibr. Hist.
+ Rept. VIII. p. 723.
+ _Chaunus formosus._ Tschudi Classif. Batrach.
+
+Habitat, Maldonado and Bahia Blanca.
+
+This curious little species has been described by Weigman under the
+present name,—by Tschudi under the generic name of _Chaunus_, and fully
+by Bibron, who retained the name originally given to it by Weigman. It
+now remains only to correct, from Mr. Darwin’s notes, some points
+respecting the colours, which had been mis-stated in consequence of the
+action of the spirit in which the specimen had been preserved. The
+colour of this curious miniature representation of a Toad, is “ink
+black,” excepting the palms and soles of the feet, a large transverse
+spot across the posterior part of the abdomen, two smaller ones near the
+middle, and in some specimens a few scattered little spots, all of the
+most intense vermilion red. There is one specimen from Bahia Blanca
+which has also some small “buff-orange” spots on the upper part.[4] Mr.
+Darwin observes that “the appearance of the vermilion colour is as if
+the animal had crawled over a newly painted board;” and he adds—“This
+Toad inhabits the most dry and sandy plains of Bahia Blanca, where there
+is no appearance of water ever lodging.” The other specimens were taken
+at Maldonado, where it inhabits the sand-dunes near the coast. Mr.
+Darwin threw one into a pool of fresh-water, but he found it could
+hardly swim, and he thinks, if unassisted, it would have been soon
+drowned.
+
+Footnote 4:
+
+ This specimen from Bahia Blanca has a much smoother skin than the
+ others; but from its similarity in all other characters there can be
+ no doubt of its specific identity with them.
+
+This species is diurnal in its habits, and may be daily seen under a
+scorching sun, crawling over the parched and loose sand. M. D’Orbigny
+brought specimens from Monte Video.
+
+ DIMENSIONS.
+ Inches. Lines.
+ Length of the head and body 1 0
+ of the anterior extremities 0 5
+ of the posterior extremities 0 8
+
+
+ GENUS—UPERODON. _Bibr._
+ UPERODON ONATUM. _Mihi._
+
+ PLATE XX.—FIG. 6.
+
+ _Capite multò latiore quam longiore. Dorso olivaceo, maculis fuscis,
+ albo marginatis_.
+
+Habitat Buenos Ayres.
+
+ DESCRIPTION.—Head more than half as broad again as it is long, and
+ equal in breadth to half the entire length of the head and body.
+ Muzzle rounded. Nostrils oval, opening upwards and a little
+ outwards. Eyes rather large, the upper eyelids forming perfect
+ flaps, which entirely cover the eyes. Body rounded, very broad.
+ The shoulders and thighs wholly concealed by the skin of the body.
+ Limbs very short. The anterior feet very broad. The toes somewhat
+ depressed, very short, bordered with a fold of skin. Hinder feet
+ with the toes more depressed and more distinctly bordered. Back
+ covered with small glands.
+
+ COLOUR.—The colour of the upper surface is dark olive, becoming
+ lighter at the sides, and having numerous dark brown spots, which
+ are round, oval, elliptical, or irregular, of very various sizes,
+ placed somewhat symmetrically, and each bordered with a whitish or
+ yellow line. Beneath pale, excepting the throat, which is black.
+
+I have ventured to consider this remarkable amphibian as specifically
+distinct from _U. marmoratum_ of Bibron; a conclusion to which I have
+been almost imperatively led, by the fact of its inhabiting a different
+hemisphere from all known specimens of that species. The other was found
+by M. Leschenault in the interior of the peninsula of India: the
+specimen from which the present description is taken was obtained by Mr.
+Darwin at Buenos Ayres. Notwithstanding the similarity of the two
+species, which is so great as to have led Mons. Bibron to consider them
+as identical, I could not assent to such an anomaly as the existence of
+an animal, at once so rare and possessed of such limited powers of
+locomotion, in two regions so widely remote. I have not the opportunity
+of comparing the specimens of the former species with the present, but,
+even from Mons. Bibron’s description, I believe that I can discover
+sufficient discrepancies between the animals, to bear me out in the view
+I have taken. These discrepancies I venture to place in the following
+tabular view, and leave zoologists to form their own conclusions.
+
+ UPERODON MARMORATUM. UPERODON ORNATUM.
+
+ “La tête offre en arrière une Head fully half as broad again as
+ largeur à peu près égale à son it is long, and equal in breadth to
+ longueur totale, laquelle entre half the total length of the
+ pour le quart environ dans animal.
+ l’étendue de l’animal.”
+
+ “On pourrait considérer la peau Back covered with numerous _small_
+ comme étant parfaitement lisse, si glandular tubercles, notably
+ l’on ne voyait éparses sur le elevated.
+ dessus du tronc un certain nombre
+ de verrues glanduleuses d’un assez
+ grand diamètre relativement à la
+ grosseur de l’animal, mais fort peu
+ saillantes ou à peine convexes.”
+
+ “Les parties supérieures de ce All the spots on the back are quite
+ Batracien présentent sur un fond distinct, not in any way passing
+ olivâtre, d’énormes taches brunes, into each other or connected, and
+ _toutes confluentes, ou each encircled by a white line.
+ s’anastomosant diversement_.”[5]
+
+Footnote 5:
+
+ Bibr. Rept. VIII. p. 749.
+
+
+ LONDON:
+ Printed by STEWART and MURRAY,
+ Old Bailey.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+
+ TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
+
+
+ Page Changed from Changed to
+
+ 16 minutè granulato. Seriebus minutè granulato. Seriebus
+ duabas squamarum supralabialium. duabus squamarum supralabialium.
+ Femorum facie Femorum facie
+
+ ● Fixed typos; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.
+ ● Renumbered footnotes.
+ ● Corrected the issues mentioned in the Errata
+ ● Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
+ ● Enclosed blackletter font in =equals=.
+ ● Images without captions use HTML alt text.
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 79041 ***
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+ <body>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 79041 ***</div>
+
+
+<div class='tnotes covernote'>
+
+<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber’s Note:</strong></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='titlepage'>
+
+<div>
+ <h1 class='c001'><span class='small'>THE</span><br> ZOOLOGY<br> <span class='small'>OF</span><br> <span class='xlarge'>THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. BEAGLE,</span><br> <span class='large'>UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN FITZROY, R.N.,</span><br> <span class='small'>DURING THE YEARS</span><br> <span class='large'>1832 TO 1836.</span></h1>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c0'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div class='c003'><i>PUBLISHED WITH THE APPROVAL OF</i></div>
+ <div><i>THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HER MAJESTY’S TREASURY.</i></div>
+ <div class='c002'><strong>Edited and Superintended by</strong></div>
+ <div class='c002'>CHARLES DARWIN, ESQ., M.A., F.R.S., V.P.G.S.,</div>
+ <div><span class='small'>NATURALIST TO THE EXPEDITION.</span></div>
+ <div class='c003'>PART V.</div>
+ <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>REPTILES,</span></div>
+ <div class='c002'><span class='small'>BY</span></div>
+ <div><span class='large'>THOMAS BELL, ESQ., F.R.S., F.L.S., &#38;c.</span></div>
+ <div><span class='small'>PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY IN KING’S COLLEGE.</span></div>
+ <div class='c003'>LONDON:</div>
+ <div>PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER AND CO., 65, CORNHILL.</div>
+ <div>MDCCCXLIII.</div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c0'>
+<div class='nf-center c003'>
+ <div><span class='small'>London:</span></div>
+ <div><span class='small'>Printed by <span class='sc'>Stewart</span> and <span class='sc'>Murray</span>,</span></div>
+ <div><span class='small'>Old Bailey.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='chapter ph1'>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c0'>
+<div class='nf-center c004'>
+ <div>REPTILIA.</div>
+ <div class='c002'><span class='large'><strong>Described by</strong></span></div>
+ <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>THOMAS BELL, ESQ., F.R.S., F.L.S., ETC.</span></div>
+ <div class='c003'><span class='small'>ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='chapter'>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_v'>v</span>
+ <h2 class='c005'>PREFACE.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c006'>Amongst the Reptiles and Amphibians obtained by Mr. Darwin, in the Voyage
+of the Beagle, there are several of great interest, not merely on account of their
+novelty as newly discovered species, of which there are nearly thirty, or as
+forming the types of genera not previously known, or of any remarkable peculiarity
+of form, structure, or habit, although in all these respects many of them
+are highly interesting; but more particularly as serving to establish or confirm
+several points connected with their geographical distribution.</p>
+
+<p class='c007'>From the structure of most of these animals and their consequent habits of
+life, circumscribed as they are for the most part in their locomotive powers, it
+might reasonably be predicated that they would, upon the whole, exhibit as
+distinct examples of restriction, with regard to their geographical boundaries,
+as any class of vertebrated animals; and that the intervention of seas and of
+mountains would be sufficient to limit the range of a species. Such is in fact
+usually the case; and not only is the same species not found in the Old and New
+Continents, but, with very few exceptions, not even on the opposite sides of the
+South American Continent, in which range Mr. Darwin’s discoveries have
+principally been made. The occurrence, however, of <i>Bufo Chilensis</i> at Rio
+Janeiro and at Buenos Ayres on the eastern, and at Valparaiso and the Archipelago
+of Chonos on the western side of the continent, shows an extent of distribution
+exceedingly unusual if not absolutely unparalleled in this family. It is,
+however, still possible that further and more extended researches into the
+characters of the animals in question, and an examination of individuals from
+each locality at various ages, may prove that there are two species, which have
+been confounded with each other, and the anomaly may thus be removed.</p>
+
+<p class='c007'>But although the circumscribed range of a species may be accounted for by
+the reasons above mentioned, and others of a restrictive nature, it is not so easy
+to refer to any known or obvious cause the remarkable fact of a whole genus,
+consisting of numerous species, being thus geographically limited. Yet this is a
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_vi'>vi</span>well-known and very common circumstance with regard to several groups of
+animals. In our present researches there exists a remarkable example of this
+fact in the genus <i>Proctotretus</i>, consisting, as is now known, of at least fourteen
+species, all inhabiting the western coast of South America. These facts,
+interesting as they are, have never been sufficiently investigated, although, it
+must be confessed, there are so many anomalies in relation to this subject, that
+we must despair of ever reducing the facts in question to any thing like fixed
+laws.</p>
+
+<p class='c007'>The close approximation of the Raniform and Hyliform groups of the
+Anourous Amphibia is strikingly illustrated by several new forms obtained by
+Mr. Darwin, which are so perfectly osculant between the two families, that it is
+difficult to assign them a decided location. And the addition of some bufonine
+forms in the family <i>Ranidæ</i>, as at present constituted, and on the other hand of
+some amongst the <i>Bufonidæ</i>, which are no less raniform in their general structure
+and habits, render it increasingly probable that the single character of the
+presence or absence of superior maxillary teeth, must be considered as insufficient
+to constitute alone a natural distinctive family character. There are
+several minor points bearing upon the natural arrangement of the Anourous
+Amphibians, which are illustrated by the characters of some of the species
+now first described, which will doubtless at some future time assist in the
+construction of a classification of these animals, bearing at least a nearer
+approximation to their natural arrangement than any that has hitherto been
+promulgated.</p>
+
+<p class='c007'>The Ophidians have been placed in the hands of Mons. Bibron, who is
+at the present time engaged in completing his admirable history of Reptiles,
+by the publication of those volumes which are devoted to this order; and
+it must be considered a fortunate circumstance that the delay which has
+taken place in the appearance of that portion of his labours, has thus afforded the
+opportunity of embodying in so perfect a work, the numerous discoveries of
+Mr. Darwin in this particular department of Erpetology.</p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-r'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'>T. B.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c008'><i>Hornsey, Sept. 2, 1843.</i></p>
+
+<div class='chapter'>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_vii'>vii</span>
+ <h2 class='c005'>LIST OF SPECIES.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table0'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <th class='c010'>PAGE</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Alsodes monticola</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Amblyrynchus cristatus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_23'>23</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Demarlii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_22'>22</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Ameiva longicauda</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_28'>28</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Batrachyla leptopus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_43'>43</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Borborocætes Bibronii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_35'>35</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Grayii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_36'>36</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Bufo Chilensis</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Centrura flagellifer</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_25'>25</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Cyclodus Casuarinæ</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_30'>30</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Cystignathus Georgianus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_33'>33</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Diplolæmus Bibronii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_21'>21</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Darwinii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_20'>20</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Gerrhosaurus sepiformis</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_29'>29</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_26'>26</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Hyla agrestis</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_46'>46</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Vauterii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_45'>45</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Hylorina sylvatica</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_44'>44</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Leiocephalus Grayii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_24'>24</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Leiuperus salarius</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Limnocharis fuscus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_33'>33</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Litoria glandulosa</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_42'>42</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Naultinus Grayii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_27'>27</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Phryniscus nigricans</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Pleurodema bufoninum</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Darwinii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_36'>36</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— elegans</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_37'>37</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Proctotretus Bibronii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_6'>6</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Chilensis</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_2'>2</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— cyanogaster</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_12'>12</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Darwinii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_14'>14</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Fitzingerii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_11'>11</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— gracilis</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_4'>4</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Kingii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_13'>13</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— multimaculatus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_17'>17</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— nigromaculatus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_10'>10</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— pectinatus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_18'>18</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— pictus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_5'>5</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— signifer</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_8'>8</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— tenuis</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_7'>7</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Weigmannii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_15'>15</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Pyxicephalus Americanus</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_40'>40</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Rana Delalandii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_31'>31</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>—— Mascariensis</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_32'>32</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Rhinoderma Darwinii</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_48'>48</a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Uperodon ornatum</td>
+ <td class='c010'><a href='#Page_50'>50</a></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='chapter'>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_viii'>viii</span>
+ <h2 class='c005'>LIST OF PLATES.</h2>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table1'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='2'>Plate <a href='#plate_01'>I.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Proctotretus Chilensis.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— gracilis.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt brt c011'><a href='#plate_02'>II.</a></td>
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— pictus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='2'><a href='#plate_03'>III.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>—— Bibronii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— tenuis.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='2'><a href='#plate_04'>IV.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>—— signifer.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— nigromaculatus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='2'><a href='#plate_05'>V.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>—— Fitzingerii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— cyanogaster.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt brt c011'><a href='#plate_06'>VI.</a></td>
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— Kingii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt brt c011'><a href='#plate_07'>VII.</a></td>
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— Darwinii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt brt c011'><a href='#plate_08'>VIII.</a></td>
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— Weigmannii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='2'><a href='#plate_09'>IX.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>—— multimaculatus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— pectinatus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt brt c011'><a href='#plate_10'>X.</a></td>
+ <td class='bbt c012'>Diplolæmus Darwinii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt brt c011'><a href='#plate_11'>XI.</a></td>
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— Bibronii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt brt c011'><a href='#plate_12'>XII.</a></td>
+ <td class='bbt c012'>Amblyrynchus Demarlii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='2'><a href='#plate_13'>XIII.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>Naultinus Grayii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='2'><a href='#plate_14'>XIV.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Leiocephalus Grayii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>Centrura flagellifer.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='3'><a href='#plate_15'>XV.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Ameiva longicauda.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Gerrhosaurus sepiformis.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>Cyclodus Casuarinæ.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='4'><a href='#plate_16'>XVI.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Rana Delalandii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>—— Mascariensis.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Limnochans fuscus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>Cystignathus Georgianus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='5'><a href='#plate_17'>XVII.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Borborocœtes Bibronii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>—— Grayii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Pleurodema Darwinii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>—— elegans.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— bufoninum.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='5'><a href='#plate_18'>XVIII.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Leiuperus salarius.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Pyxicephalus Americanus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Alsodes monticola.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Litoria glandulosa.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>Batrachyla leptopus.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='3'><a href='#plate_19'>XIX.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Hylorina sylvatica.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Hyla agrestis.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='bbt c012'>—— Vauterii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='brt c011 bbt' rowspan='3'><a href='#plate_20'>XX.</a></td>
+ <td class='c012'>Rhinoderma Darwinii.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Phryniscus nigricans,</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+
+ <td class='c012'>Uperodon ornatum.</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><span class='sc'><a id='Errata'></a>Errata.</span>—In Plate <a href='#plate_19'>XIX.</a></td>
+ <td class='c014'>for “Hylonia” read “Hylorina.”</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>for</i> “vanterii” <i>read</i> “Vauterii.”</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='chapter'>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span>
+ <h2 class='c005'>REPTILES.</h2>
+</div>
+<h3 class='c015'><span class='sc'>Tribus</span>—EUNOTES. <i>Bibron.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Familia</span>—TROPIDURIDÆ. <i>Mihi.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Tropidolepidiens.</span> <i>Bibr.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Genus</span>—Tropidurus. (In part.) <i>Weigmann.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Proctotretus.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c016'><span class='sc'>Character Genericus.</span>—<span lang="la"><i>Pori femorales</i> nulli. <i>Pori præ-anales</i> in maribus tantùm. <i>Cristâ dorsalis</i> nulla.
+<i>Dentes palatini.</i> <i>Squamæ</i> imbricatæ; <i>dorsales</i> carinatæ.</span></p>
+<p class='c017'>The genus which I take the present favourable opportunity to illustrate, formed
+a section or sub-genus of the genus <i>Tropidurus</i>, according to Weigmann, who, however,
+was acquainted with two species only; <i>Pr. Chilensis</i> and <i>Pr. nigromaculatus</i>.
+Of the varieties of the former of these, that author has made no less than three
+species ; but these have been very properly reduced by M. Bibron to one only.
+The last-named excellent erpetologist described several additional species,
+which had been brought from Chile, by M. D’Orbigny, and others ; and I received,
+some years since, from Capt. King, three or four species which were found
+by him in the same locality, in the course of his well-known survey. The number
+of species altogether, hitherto known, amounts to ten; to which I have now the
+opportunity of adding four entirely new, forming part of the interesting collection
+of Reptilia made by Mr. Darwin. One of them, <i>Pr. Kingii</i>, was already in my
+collection, amongst those which were given me by Capt. King. The genus,
+therefore, of which, but lately, two species only were known, now consists of
+fourteen ; and it is highly probable that more may yet be obtained by more prolonged
+and extensive investigation in the same districts.</p>
+
+<p class='c007'><span class='pageno' id='Page_2'>2</span>Thus of the species now described two were known to Weigmann, and described
+by him, namely, <i>Chilensis</i>, and <i>nigromaculatus</i>. I received from Capt.
+King, <i>Chilensis</i>, <i>pictus</i>, <i>cyanogaster</i>, <i>Kingii</i>, <i>Fitzingerii</i>, and, from other sources,
+<i>Chilensis</i>, <i>pictus</i>, <i>Weigmannii</i>. Bibron describes the whole of these, excepting
+<i>Kingii</i>, and in addition to them <i>tenuis</i>, <i>pectinatus</i>, <i>signifer</i>. In Mr. Darwin’s
+collection are found all those described by Bibron, excepting <i>signifer</i>; and in
+addition <i>Kingii</i> now first described, and the following species never before
+observed, namely, <i>Darwinii</i>, <i>gracilis</i>, <i>Bibronii</i>.</p>
+
+<p class='c007'>Although the form of the whole of the species much more nearly approximates
+that of the Agamidæ than most others, they are far removed from that family by
+several important characters, which it is unnecessary here to detail.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus Chilensis.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c0'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate I.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c019'><i><span lang="la">Auribus margine anteriore dentato; collo non plicato; squamis dorsi magnis, rhombeis;
+acutè carinatis; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Calotes Chilensis</i>, Less, et Garn. Voy. de la Coquille, Zool. Rep. t. i. f. 2.</div>
+ <div class='line'><i>Tropidurus Chilensis</i>, Weigm. Act. Acad. Cæs. Leop. Carol. Nat. cur. xvii. pp. 233. 268.</div>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus Chilensis</i>, Bibr. Hist. Nat. des Rep. IV. p. 269.</div>
+ <div class='line'>Sun. <i>Tropidurus nitidus</i>, Weigm. l. c. p. 234, t. xvii. f. 2.</div>
+ <div class='line'>Var. <i>Tr. olivaceus</i>, Ib. l. c. p. 268.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c007'>Habitat, Guasco in Northern Chile.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head short and broad, rostrum rounded, obtuse. Scales of the head large, and
+slightly raised, separated by distinct grooves. Superciliary ridge strongly marked, forming a
+distinct carina, composed of five or six narrow, elongated, obliquely imbricated scales. Nostrils
+large, nearly round. A single series of narrow scales between those of the upper lip and the
+orbit. Scales of the temples imbricated, rhomboidal and carinated. The opening of the ear
+oval, rather large, furnished anteriorly with three or four projecting scales, of which the upper
+one is the largest. The neck is short, robust and round, and without any lateral fold; in
+which it differs from every other species of the genus. The trunk is thick, rounded on the
+back and sides, flattened beneath, diminishing toward either extremity. The tail is ordinarily
+almost twice as long as the body, thick at its origin, and tapering regularly to the extremity,
+nearly round, excepting near the base, where it is slightly quadrilateral. The anterior feet
+when placed against the sides, extend backwards little more than mid-way between the
+shoulder and the groin; the posterior ones, stretched forward, reach the arm-pit.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The scales of the whole upper and lateral parts of the body, tail, and limbs, are loosely
+imbricated, large, rhomboidal, and furnished with an elevated carina, terminating in an acute
+point: those of the under parts are large, smooth, and obtuse.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'><span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span>This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus. The general form is robust and
+solid, forming a remarkable contrast with most other species of the genus. The surface is
+beautifully relieved by the fine, large and prominent scales, which are ranged in rows of
+perfect regularity, of which there are about eighteen on the back and side.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>In colour and markings the individuals differ considerably; so as to have given rise to the
+opinion that they form three distinct species. Monsieur Bibron mentions two principal
+varieties, constituting the <i>Tropidurus olivaceus</i> and <i>Tr. Chilensis</i> of Weigmann. In the former,
+the colour is of a more or less bronzed bright green, or yellowish, according as the green or
+yellow colour prevails on the scales, each of which is green, with a border of yellow on each side:
+this border, according to M. Bibron, in some individuals of a blood-red colour. In some,
+especially in young individuals, there are several waved bands running transversely across the
+back.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>In the second variety, says M. Bibron, the upper parts are either of an olive colour, with
+a golden glance in certain lights, or fulvous, with more or less of a yellow tint; and these have
+always four brown bands running the length of the body, appearing as if formed of a series of
+large spots united together. “The temples are marked with a black line, which extends from
+the posterior angle of the eye to the ear; another divides behind the occiput into two branches,
+which pass to the neck there to join the dorsal bands.” There are other variations of colour,
+but scarcely deserving to be considered as constituting permanent or fixed varieties; the
+largest and finest specimen I have seen, which I received from Chile, is almost uniformly of a
+fine metallic green, without any markings.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>9</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>6</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>10</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species would appear to be very common in Chile, from the numerous
+specimens from that country in the museum in Paris, which were brought by
+M. Gay, and by M. D’Orbigny. I have also received specimens from Capt.
+King. I find only one or two specimens in Mr. Darwin’s collection, which he
+found at Guasco in Chile.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus gracilis.</span> N.S.</h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate I.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Corpore gracili: capitis squamis lævibus, non imbricatis: aurium margine anteriore
+minutè bi-tridentato: collo vix plicato, squamis imbricatis: serie unicâ squamarun
+supralabialium: femorum facie posteriore omninò granulosâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Port Desire, Patagonia. Mr. Darwin, MS.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—This new species is more slender and graceful in its general form than any other of
+the genus, not excepting <i>Pr. tenuis</i>, which in its general proportions it considerably resembles.
+The head is rather short, the anterior portion including the eyes being nearly an equilateral
+triangle. The muzzle is rounded. The scales of the head flat, rather large, consisting behind
+the nose of three series of 2, 3, 3, and 2, mostly hexagons. The nostrils are small and
+perfectly round, the superciliary ridge is very slightly marked; there is but a single row of
+small linear scales between the labial and suborbitar. The ear is of moderate size, the anterior
+margin having two or three small projecting scales. The scales on the temples are imbricated
+and smooth; those of the sides of the neck also imbricated but very small. The neck is
+almost wholly without a fold, having merely a slight loose elevation of the skin. The scales of
+the back are small, rhomboidal, flat, the carina low, and not pointed at the extremity. They
+consist of about ten rows on each side of the median line. Those of the sides and belly are
+wholly without any notch on the free margin. The scales around the axillæ, and those of the
+posterior face of the thighs are granular. The tail is of considerable length, being more than
+twice the length of the head and body. The limbs are remarkably long; the anterior, when
+pressed against the side, reaching to the setting on of the thigh, and the posterior reaching
+forwards nearly to the ear. The general colour of the upper parts is greyish brown, with a
+yellow longitudinal fascia extending on each side from the upper edge of the orbit to some
+distance along the tail—and another from beneath the eye to the thigh. The middle of the
+back is lighter than the sides—beneath the second lateral line the colour fades, and on the
+belly it is pale buff or light yellow. The sides are dotted with black; and there are some dark
+waved lines and dots beneath the lower jaw.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>This species is at once distinguished from every other by the fold of the neck being
+scarcely cognizable. It is however not so absolutely wanting as in <i>Pr. Chilensis</i>.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>A single individual of this species was taken by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_01'></a><i>Plate 1.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_01.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins, on stone in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1. Proctotretus Chilensis</i></td>
+ <td class='c029 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c013'><i>2. ____ gracilis</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1a.</i> <i>1b.</i></td>
+ <td class='c029 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Magnified views.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2a.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_02'></a><i>Plate 2.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_02.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,<br> on stone in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>1. 2. Proctotretus pictus.</i> <i>Nat. Size.</i></div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus pictus.</span></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate II.—Fig. 1, 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite squamis parvis, lævibus, non imbricatis; aurium margine anteriore granuloso;
+serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium; squamis temporum subcarinatis, imbricatis;
+collo ad latera granuloso; squamis dorsalibus parvis, rhombeis, carinâ humili, posticè
+obtusâ; facie posteriore femorum omninò granulosâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus pictus</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 276.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Chile.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—This species is moderately slender in its general form, but more fusiform than <i>Pr. tenuis</i>, which it much resembles in many of its characters. The head, which is rather short, and
+with the snout rounded, is covered with numerous small flat plates which vary exceedingly in
+their form and arrangement. The upper surface of the head is flattened, and the superciliary
+ridges distinctly marked. The temples are covered with small flat scales, which are slightly
+imbricated and carinated. The sides of the neck are granulated; and the anterior margin of
+the auditory cavity has small simple granulations. The scales of the back are distinguished
+from those of many other species by the flatness of the carina which is also obtuse posteriorly;
+they are small and closely imbricated. Those of the sides are almost without any carina, and
+those of the belly and throat small and very smooth, and the whole of them entire. The upper
+parts of the limbs are covered with scales similar to those of the back, but smaller. Those of
+the under part of the fore arm are similar, but beneath the thighs they are smooth and on the
+posterior part of the thighs they are wholly granular. The tail is furnished with quadrilateral
+carinated scales disposed in whorls. The margin of the cloaca has from two to four pores.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The colour of this species varies greatly. Bibron has enumerated three principal varieties,
+of which I have several specimens, which were brought home and presented to me by Capt.
+King, who obtained them during his survey of the coast of South America. These varieties,
+however, occasionally run into each other.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>Var. A. General colour of the upper part bronzed or coppery, having a green longitudinal
+line on each side of the back, at the inner margin of which is a series of very distinct black dots.
+The sides of the neck and body are of a similar colour to the back, with indistinct black spots;
+beneath this part the ground colour becomes blue with black dots. The throat is blackish, and
+the inferior surface generally is very pale bluish green.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>Var. B. This variety is described by M. Bibron as of a brown colour more or less dotted
+with yellow, and having a line of that colour along each side of the back, extending from the
+posterior angle of the eye to the base of the tail, and having on each side a series of angular
+black spots. Some of these spots on the upper part of the flanks, become dilated, so as to form
+a sort of vertical or transverse waved bands, with yellowish margins. On the neck there are
+small black lines, and the upper part of the head is brown with blackish spots. The upper
+surface of the legs and of the tail is brown with transverse bands composed of black dots. The
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>whole under surface is of a whitish colour, sometimes having a slight tint of orange towards the
+posterior parts, marbled with black.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>Var. C. In this variety the general colour is dark brown, and the yellow or green longitudinal
+lines which characterize the former varieties are but slightly marked; but the black spots
+unite and form irregular transverse bands.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>4</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>7</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This specimen very much resembles in its more tangible characters, the <i>Pr.
+tenuis</i>; from which, however, it differs totally in the colouring, and in some measure
+also in the general form, which is more thick and robust.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found in Chile by M. Gay, from whence I also received specimens from Capt.
+King, and other sources.—“Valparaiso.” Mr. Darwin.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus Bibronii.</span> N.S.</h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate III.—Fig. I.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite squamis lævibus, subconvexis; auribus ovalibus, margine anteriore unidentato;
+squamis temporum collique rotundatis lævibus imbricatis; colli minimis; serie unicâ
+squamarum supralabialium; squamis dorsi rhomboideis, carinatis, posticè acuminatis;
+abdominis squamis omnibus integris; femorum facie posteriori omninò
+granulosâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Port Desire. Mr. Darwin.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—General form resembling that of <i>Pr. pictus</i> and <i>cyanogaster</i>. Head moderately
+short, obtuse, covered with rather large slightly convex scales; a single row of scales between
+the labial and the orbitar. The anterior margin of the ear has a single tooth. The temples
+and the sides of the neck are covered with imbricated scales, which have no carina—those of
+the neck, especially those on the fold of the skin are smaller and more raised than the others.
+The scales of the back are rather large, rhomboidal, with a distinct carina, terminating in a
+point. Those of the abdomen and sides are all of them entire at the margin. The posterior
+surface of the thighs is wholly granular.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The only specimen obtained being a female, the number of pre-anal pores is not known.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The general colour of this species is brownish grey; a black longitudinal line runs down
+the middle of the back and tail. There are two series of black spots on each side, and a
+small interrupted fascia of the same colour extends from the shoulder to the thigh. The
+belly is of an uniform dirty white.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_03'></a><i>Plate 3.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_03.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>From Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins<br> in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table3'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c012'><i>1. Proctotretus</i></td>
+ <td class='c012'><i>Bibronii</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c012'><i>2.</i></td>
+ <td class='c012'><i>tenuis</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c012'><i>a &#38; b.</i> <i>1 &#38; 2.</i></td>
+ <td class='c012' colspan='2'><i>Magnified Views of Heads.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>This species approaches considerably to <i>Pr. cyanogaster</i> in general form and habit, and in
+many of its characters; but it may be at once distinguished from it not only by its colouring,
+but by the absence of even the slightest appearance of a carina on any of the scales of the
+temples or of the sides of the neck.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, in Patagonia.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus tenuis.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate III.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite squamis lævibus, non imbricatis; auribus magnis, margine anteriore subtuberculato;
+serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium; temporibus squamis rotundatis,
+imbricatis; collo granuloso; squamis dorsi parvis, obtusis, carinis minimis;
+squamis lateralibus exiguis, non imbricatis; facie posteriore femorum omninò
+granulosâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus tenuis</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 279.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—General form slender: head rather short and obtuse, covered with flattened smooth
+scales; anterior margin of the ears with one or more slight tubercles; temples covered with
+rounded imbricated scales, some of which are slightly carinated; sides of the neck, and
+above the shoulders granular; scales of the back small, slightly carinated, obtuse; those of
+the sides very small, very little imbricated; those of the belly small and smooth. The
+posterior surface of the thighs has no patch of imbricated scales, but is wholly granular.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The colour of the two specimens brought home by Mr. Darwin is so much obliterated,
+that I am obliged to have recourse to the account given by Bibron of the colour and markings
+of this species:— “<span lang="fr">Les deux sexes du <i>Proctotréte svelte</i> n’ont pas le même mode de coloration.
+Ni l’un ni l’autre ne portent, de chaque côté du dos, une bande longitudinale verte ou jaunâtre
+comme cela s’observe dans l’espèce précédente, (<i>Pr. pictus</i>.)</span></p>
+
+<p class='c022'>“<span lang="fr">Le mâle a le dessus de la tête nuancé de brun et de fauve, ou bien ponctué de jaune
+et de noirâtre. La région cervicale est, ainsi que le dos, vermiculée de noir sur un fond brun,
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>qui est lui-même semé de taches, soit bleuâtres, soit verdâtres, on ardoisées; quelquefois même
+on en remarque de jaunâtres. Presque tous les individus ont les côtés du cou marqués
+chaqun d’une raie noire qui s’étend depuis le haut de l’oreille jusqu’à l’épaule. Les membres
+et la queue sont coupés en travers par des bandes onduleuses noirâtres, dont les intervalles se
+trouvent remplis par de taches, les unes bleuâtres, les autres de la couleur du cuivre rouge,
+la gorge tantot est jaune, tantot d’un beau vert métallique. Souvent elle est, de même que les
+autres régions inférieures de l’animal, vermiculée de gris-brun pâle sur un fond blanchâtres,
+glacé de violet.</span></p>
+
+<p class='c022'>“<span lang="fr">La femelle a toutes ses parties supérieures peintes d’un gris-brun fauve. Son cou et son
+dos portent deux séries parallèle de demi-cercles noirs, ayant leur bord convexe tourné de coté
+de la tête, et leur bord concave liseré de blanchâtre, ou bien d’une teinte plus claire que celle
+du fond de la couleur du dos. La région moyenne de celuici est quelquefois ponctuée
+de noir, ou tachetée de blanchâtre. Des lignes noires onduleuses traversent le dessus de la
+queue dont le dessous est souvent cuivreux. Les régions inférieures sont blanchâtres ou bien
+colorées de la même manière que celles des individus mâles.</span>”</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>Mr. Darwin’s only observation on the colour of this species is, that it is “brownish black
+with transverse black bands.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>4</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>3</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found at Valparaiso, and at Concepcion, in Chile.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus signifer.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate IV.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite brevi, obtuso, depresso, squamis lævibus planis; aurium margine anteriore
+bi-tuberculato; squamis temporum imbricatis; colli granulatis; serie unicâ squamarum
+supralabialium; squamis dorsi laxis imbricatis, vix carinatis; facie posteriore
+femorum omninò granulosâ. Dorso flavescenti-griseo, signis nigris, in seriebus
+quatuor longitudinalibus dispositis.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus signifer</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 288.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_04'></a><i>Plate 4.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_04.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Printed by C. Hullmandel.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Proctotretus</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>signifer.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>nigromaculatus.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2a.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>Magnified View.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c030'><span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>Head short, depressed, somewhat abruptly deflexed from the vertex—the scales flat, those
+of the suprà-orbital arch being numerous, and less regular than in most other species. Between
+the labial scales, and the long infra-orbital plate is a single series of rounded scales.<a id='r1'></a><a href='#f1' class='c031'><sup>[1]</sup></a> The scales
+of the temples are rather large, somewhat rounded, slightly imbricated, and a few of the
+posterior ones having the vestige of an obtuse carina. The ear is rather small, the anterior
+margin having two slightly prominent scales towards the lower part.</p>
+
+<div class='footnote c032' id='f1'>
+<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r1'>1</a>.&#160;&#160;</span>Mons. Bibron states that there are two series, but on examining his specimen I find a single series only.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c030'>The body is depressed; the tail moderately long, thick and slightly four-sided at the base,
+becoming much smaller and round towards the middle. The scales of the sides of the neck
+are small and granular; those of the upper parts of the body small, rhomboidal, rounded
+posteriorly, loose, much imbricated, and with an extremely low and inconspicuous carina.
+They are arranged in about twenty-two longitudinal series. Those of the sides are larger and
+quite smooth. The scales of the whole under part of the throat and belly are rhomboidal,
+smooth and much imbricated; a very few towards the sides of the abdomen are slightly notched
+at the apex. The under surface of the anterior and the hinder surface of the posterior extremities
+are covered with very fine granular scales; those of the upper surface of the members
+being rhomboidal, smooth, but slightly carinated and obtuse. The tail is covered with small
+rhomboidal scales which are considerably imbricated and distinctly carinated. The scales of
+the upper surface of the toes are smooth; those on their sides uni-carinated, and those beneath
+tri-carinated and broad.</p>
+
+<p class='c030'>The general colour of the upper parts is a yellowish grey, with black markings, which have
+somewhat the character, as Mons. Bibron observes, of Arabic letters. On the neck and back
+these markings are disposed in four longitudinal series; and there are small linear markings on
+the upper part of the shoulders and thighs. The tail is similarly marked, the under parts are
+whitish, with brown lines and spots.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species is not found amongst the reptiles obtained by Mr. Darwin, but as
+it has never been figured, it appeared very desirable that this opportunity should
+not be lost. I am indebted to the great kindness of my friend M. Bibron for the
+loan of the only specimen which I have seen, and from which the accompanying
+figure is taken. It formed part of the zoological collections obtained by Mons.
+D’Orbigny for the French Museum.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus nigromaculatus.</span></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate IV.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite brevi, squamis neque imbricatis nec carinatis, tecto; auribus margine anteriore
+tridentato; serie unicâ squamarum supralabialium; squamis temporum magnis,
+rotundatis, imbricatis; colli (et præcipuè plicæ) crassis, elevatis; facie posteriore
+femorum omninò granulosâ; squamis nonnullis ad latera abdominis gulæque emarginatis;
+maculâ transversè; oblongâ, nigrâ, suprà regionem scapularem.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Tropidurus (Leiolæmus) nigromaculatus</i>, Weigm. Act. Acad. Cæs. Nat. cur. xvii. p. 229.</div>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus nigromaculatus</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 281.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Coquimbo, Chile.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head short, the muzzle rounded, rather obtuse; scales of the upper part of the head
+somewhat convex, smooth; a single line of scales between the labial and orbitar; ears rather
+large, the anterior margin having three rather prominent scales, the middle one being the
+largest. Temporal scales somewhat large, smooth, rounded, and imbricated, those towards the
+upper part slightly carinated; those of the sides of the neck thick and elevated, those on the
+fold being rather acutely prominent; scales of the back carinated, the carina terminating in an
+acute point; a few of the scales at the sides of the abdomen and throat notched; the remainder
+of the scales of the under parts rhomboidal. The scales about the axilla and around the base
+of the shoulder are granular and very small, as are those of the posterior surface of the thighs,
+on which part there are no imbricated scales as in <i>Tr. Fitzingerii</i>. The tail is round, excepting
+at the base where it is slightly flattened; it is moderately long and slender. The anterior
+extremity placed against the side does not reach to the thigh; the posterior similarly placed
+reaches to the shoulder. The colour of this species is yellowish grey above, with a yellowish
+longitudinal line on each side the back, and two rows of black spots each margined with yellow
+behind. There is a large and distinct oblong black mark on the region of the scapula, from
+which circumstance the species takes its name. On the posterior surface of the thighs, towards
+the upper part, are three or four black dots placed in a line. The under surface is yellowish
+white with dark grey dots and lines under the chin and throat.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>4</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species was first described by Weigmann, and subsequently by M.
+Bibron, from specimens obtained by Gaudichaud from Coquimbo, at which place
+the single specimen brought home by Mr. Darwin was also obtained.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_05'></a><i>Plate 5.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_05.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>From Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,<br> in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table3'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='c033'><i>Proctotretus</i></td>
+ <td class='c033'><i>Fitzingerii.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>2.</i></td>
+ <td class='c033'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c033'><i>Cyanogaster</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus Fitzingerii.</span></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate V.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite squamis lævibus, non imbricatis; margine anteriore aurium granuloso; squamis
+supralabialibus ovalibus, in serie unicâ dispositis; squamis dorsalibus parum carinatis,
+posticè obtusis. Facie posteriore femorum præcipuè granulosâ sed portione,
+caudam versus, squamis majoribus, rhomboideis imbricatis tectâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus Fitzingerii</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 286.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Patagonia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—General form thick and robust, the head short being nearly as broad as it is long.
+The muzzle slightly rounded. Scales of the head flat, small and numerous. Two scales only
+behind the rostral and between those which are pierced by the nostrils. Those over the nose
+and around the occipital scales being larger and more regularly arranged than the others.
+The ear is large, oval, the anterior margin having, towards the upper part, about three small,
+oval, granular, very slightly projecting scales. Temples covered with small, rounded or slightly
+hexagonal scales, which are scarcely imbricated. A single range of rather broad oval scales
+between the orbit and the upper lip. Scales of the sides of the neck, and above and behind
+the shoulder small, granular. The trunk thick; scales of the back very small, imbricated, very
+slightly carinated, and not pointed behind; those of the under parts smooth and rhomboidal.
+The legs are short and robust. The anterior pair, placed against the side do not extend
+backwards more than halfway to the thigh. The posterior pair do not quite reach the arms.
+The posterior face of the thighs is covered with granular scales, excepting a large patch near
+the groin rising to near the upper surface of the thigh, which are imbricated and rhomboidal,
+similar to those of the inferior surface of the thigh. The scales of the upper part of the toes
+are smooth, those beneath have one or two slight carinæ.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>This species varies very much in colour; three or four tolerably distinct varieties may be
+noticed, but they often pass more or less into each other. As I have only one of these varieties
+in my possession, I quote the following description from Mons. Bibron’s account of the
+specimens in the French Museum.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'><span lang="fr">Var. A. Les parties supérieures sont grises, ou bien d’un brun marron plus ou moins
+clair. Il règne au long du cou et du dos quatre series de taches noires, bordées de blanc en
+arrière. La queue et les membres offrent des bandes transversales anguleuse, d’un teint
+marron noirâtre, alternant avec des bandes semblables mais de couleur blanche. Les régions
+inférieures aussi sont blanches, excepté la gorge, qui est parcourue par des raies confluentes
+brunes. D’autres raies d’un brun marron sont imprimées verticalement, sur les lèvres.</span></p>
+
+<p class='c022'><span lang="fr">Var. B. Cette variété se distingue de la précédente, en ce que le dessus de ses membres
+est ponctué de noirâtre, et que les quatre séries de taches qui ornent le dos de la première
+variété sont appliquées ici sur un fond fauve jaunâtre. Puis la gorge est verdâtre et le ventre
+noir, marbré de blanc.</span></p>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span><span lang="fr">Var. C. Le dessus du corps est uniformement peint d’un vert olive. Le dessus du cou, le
+milieu de la poitrine et celui du ventre sont d’un noir profond.</span></p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>4</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>7</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species agrees with <i>Pr. Darwinii</i> and <i>Weigmannii</i>, and in some degree
+with <i>Pr. Kingii</i>, in having a portion of the posterior face of the thighs covered
+with imbricated scales. This is a character, which although existing in all those
+which I have named, is found to obtain in very different degrees; in <i>Tr. Weigmannii</i>
+being very distinctly marked, and in <i>Tr. Kingii</i> very slightly so, and in
+some specimens scarcely notable. It is probable, that var. B., and possibly A.
+also, of Mons. Bibron, may be <i>Pr. Kingii</i>; but I have not had the opportunity of
+ascertaining this from the actual examination of the specimens.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, and at Santa Cruz, in Patagonia.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus cyanogaster.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate V.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Squamis capitis neque imbricatis nec carinatis; temporum imbricatis, subcarinatis,
+margine rotundato; aurium margine anteriore simplici; squamis dorsalibus rhombeis,
+laxis, carinâ posticè acutâ; femorum facie posteriore omninò granulosâ;
+corpore suprà olivaceo, fascia utrinque longitudinali flavescenti; abdomine cœruleo.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus cyanogaster</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 273.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Valparaiso, and Valdivia, Chile.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—It has been well observed by M. Bibron that this species offers at first sight somewhat
+the general aspect of the genus Algira; the acute points of the dorsal and lateral scales
+and the general form giving very much that appearance.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The head is of moderate size, somewhat deflexed; the scales moderate, flat and smooth;
+those of the temples are slightly carinated, imbricated and rounded: those of the sides of the
+neck small, not granular, but rhomboidal and imbricated. There is but a single series of oblong
+scales between the labial ones and the orbit. The margin of the ear is entire and simple; the
+scales of the back are lozenge-shaped, the carina of moderate height but prolonged into an
+acute point. Amongst those of the sides of the neck and belly are a few which are notched
+at the margin.<a id='r2'></a><a href='#f2' class='c031'><sup>[2]</sup></a> The scales of the posterior surface of the thigh are wholly granular.</p>
+
+<div class='footnote c032' id='f2'>
+<p class='c034'><span class='label'><a href='#r2'>2</a>.&#160;&#160;</span>This is contrary to the character given by M. Bibron, who states that the whole of these are entire.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class='section c035'>
+
+<div class='c036'><a id='plate_06'></a><i>Plate 6.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_06.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,<br> on stone in Lithotint. C. Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table3'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Proctotretus Kingii</i> <i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c033'><i>2.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>a. b.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012'><i>Magnified View.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c022'><span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>The proportions of the limbs vary in the two sexes. In the male they are considerably
+longer than in the female. In the latter the posterior extremity when placed against the side
+extends only to the arm, in the former it reaches to the ear. The ground colour of the back
+is chesnut brown or greenish brown, with a bright metallic green glance in certain lights;
+there are two light buff longitudinal fasciæ running the whole length of the body; the under
+parts are of a bright metallic blue colour. Mr. Darwin states that in one specimen there were
+emerald spots on the sides, which did not exist in another individual. This may possibly be a
+sexual peculiarity.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>DIMENSIONS OF A MALE SPECIMEN.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS OF A MALE SPECIMEN.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c026'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c010'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>9</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>3</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found by Mr. Darwin at Valparaiso, and at Valdivia; the former is a very
+dry rocky country, with a scanty vegetation; whereas the latter is nearly level,
+covered with the thickest forest, and the climate exceedingly humid.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus Kingii, N.S.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate VI.—Fig. 1, 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Squamis capitis neque imbricatis nec carinatis; supralabialibus in serie unicâ; aurium
+margine anteriore granuloso; interdum unidentata; squamis, dorsalibus carinatis,
+posticè acuminatis, femorum facie posteriore præcipuè granulosâ, sed portione parvâ,
+caudam versus, squamis parvis, rotundatis imbicratis tectâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Port Desire in Patagonia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—General form robust and full; the head short, thick, and passing into the neck without
+any distinct contraction; the muzzle rounded. Scales of the head larger in proportion than
+in <i>Pr. Fitzingerii</i>. Ear large, oval, with the anterior margin granular, sometimes slightly
+toothed. Scales of the temples of moderate size, imbricated, smooth, somewhat raised. A
+single range of oval moderate-sized scales between the labial and the orbital scales on the
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>sides of the neck, above and behind the shoulder small, granular, and some of them having a
+minute pore. Scales of the back of moderate size, larger than in <i>Fitzingerii</i>, rhomboid, having
+a rather prominent carina, and terminating in a distinct point. Scales of the under parts
+smooth and rhomboidal. The posterior surface of the thighs is for the most part granular, but
+a small portion near the groin is covered with larger imbricated scales; to a much smaller
+extent, however, than in <i>Fitzingerii</i>, and other species which possess this character.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The general colour of the upper part of this species is a rich dark brown, with whitish
+transverse bands and spots, having a black margin. I have figured in fig. 2, of Plate VI., a
+remarkable variety in which the bands are alternate black and white, and a broader and a
+narrower longitudinal fascia of a yellowish-white colour, run the whole length of the body on
+each side. The under parts are yellowish-white, with dark or almost black spots; under the
+throat bluish-gray with white spots.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>3</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>6</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species much resembles <i>Pr. Fitzingerii</i> in many of its characters, as
+well as in its size. It may, however, be at once distinguished from it by the character
+of the scales of the back, which in this species are very distinctly carinated,
+of a rather elongated form, and pointed at the extremity; whereas in the other
+they are shorter, smaller, the carina is very slight, almost indistinct, and the posterior
+extremity is obtuse.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The tail in the larger figure of our plate is deformed, having been renewed.
+The specimen figured at (2,) in the same plate, is so remarkably distinct in the
+colours and marking, as to lead me to suppose that it may possibly be a different
+species.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus Darwinii.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate VII.—Fig. 1, 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Corpore subdepresso; capite squamis numerosis, parvis, subelevatis, lævibus non imbricatis;
+aurium margine anteriore integro; temporibus colloque granulatis; serie
+unicâ squamarum supralabialium; facie posteriore femorun partìm granulosâ,
+partìm squamis imbricatis tectâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia. Mr. Darwin.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_07'></a><i>Plate 7.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_07.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>From Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,<br> in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table3'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Proctotretus Darwinii. Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c033'><i>2.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>1 a &#38; b.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Magnified Views.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>2 a.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_08'></a><i>Plate 8.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_08.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>B. Waterhouse Hawkins lithog.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table3'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Proctotretus Weigmannii.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c033'><i>2.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>1a.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Magnified Views.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>2a.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—The general form of this new species is similar to that of <i>Pr. Weigmannii</i>, but less
+elongate and somewhat more depressed, resembling in general appearance some of the forms
+of the genus Sceloporus. Head covered with rather small and consequently numerous scales,
+slightly elevated, and separated from each other by distinct and deep lines. A single series of
+small scales between the labial scales and the orbit. The exterior margin of the ear is entire
+and even. Scales of the temple and at the sides of the neck wholly granular, the latter very
+small. The scales of the back are small, flat, with a very low carina, and not pointed at the
+posterior extremity. There are about twenty rows of dorsal scales. The posterior surface of
+the thighs is granulated, excepting a small patch near the tail of imbricated scales, similar to
+those of the inferior surface, as in <i>Pr. Weigmannii</i>. The tail is of moderate length, and the
+scales which cover it are short, depressed, and obtuse in comparison with those of several other
+species. The pre-anal pores, which are peculiar to the male, are about ten in number.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The general colour is gray, with two light longitudinal lines on each side, and a row of
+black spots along the inner margin of the dorsal ones. The under surface is nearly white, with
+black dots under the throat.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The anterior legs, when stretched backwards against the side, reach about two-thirds
+towards the thigh; and the posterior when stretched forwards, extend to the shoulder.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>It is at first sight extremely difficult to distinguish this species from younger
+individuals of <i>Pr. Fitzingerii</i>, from which, however, it differs in the more linear
+form of the supralabial scales, in the absence of imbricated scales on the lateral
+fold of the neck, the more entire margin of the ear. In the existence of a patch
+of larger imbricated scales on the posterior surface of the thighs, it resembles
+<i>Pr. Weigmannii</i>; from which, however, it may be at once distinguished by the
+single row of supralabial scales, the later species having a double row.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus Weigmannii.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate VIII.—Fig. 1, 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite squamis lævibus non imbricatis tecto; auribus rotundis margine anteriore
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>minutè granulato. Seriebus <a id='t16'></a>duabus squamarum supralabialium. Femorum facie
+posteriore partìm granulosâ, partìm squamis minutis imbricatis tectâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus Weigmannnii</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 284.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Northern Patagonia and La Plata.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head rather short, covered with numerous slightly raised scales, not carinated nor
+imbricated; snout rather obtuse and slightly rounded, nostrils semicircular. Two series of
+very small scales between the labial scales and the orbit. Ear of moderate size, the anterior
+margin furnished merely with minute granular scales. Scales of the temples flat and smooth.
+Fold on the sides of the neck distinctly marked, anteriorly bifurcated; the remainder somewhat
+waved. Sides of the neck granulated scales of the whole of the upper and back parts
+of the body and tail of moderate size, the carina little elevated and the point but slightly
+prominent. The scales of the inferior parts of the neck and body are smooth, polished, and
+imbricated, those towards the sides of the neck minutely emarginated. The scales of the
+limbs resemble those of the body; those of the upper surface being carinated and those
+beneath smooth. The posterior face of the thighs is generally covered with granular scales,
+but there is on this part near the tail, a distinct patch of imbricated scales resembling those
+of the inferior surface of the thighs, a character by which this species may at once be
+distinguished from all others. The anterior extremity placed against the side reaches about
+two-thirds of the distance towards the groin; the posterior extremity reaches forward to the
+shoulder.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The back and sides are brownish gray, with a yellow longitudinal band on each side of
+the back, separating transverse black or dark brown bands of various size and form; and there
+is in most on each side a smaller interrupted yellow band. The under parts generally of a
+yellowish white, in some individuals sparsely dotted with black. Mr. Darwin says of some
+individuals of this species that they have “an orange-coloured gorge, and faint stripes of blue,”
+also “ash-grey with dark brown marks and specks of orange and blue.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>4</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species was found by Mr. Darwin at Bahia Blanca and at Rio Negro,
+on the northern confines of Patagonia, and at Maldonado, near the mouth of the
+Rio Plata.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_09'></a><i>Plate 9.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_09.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature by B. Waterhouse Hawkins,<br> on stone in Lithotint C. Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Tropidurus</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>multimaculatus.</i></td>
+ <td class='c029 bbt' rowspan='2'><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c013'><i>2.</i></td>
+ <td class='bbt c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c013'><i>pectinatus</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1a. 1b.</i></td>
+ <td class='c014 bbt' colspan='3' rowspan='2'><i>Magnified Views.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2a.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus multimaculatus.</span></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate IX.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Corpore subdepresso; capite squamis numerosis parvis tecto; auribus parvis, margine
+lævi; seriebus quatuor squamarum supralabialium; squamis temporum imbricatis;
+collo granuloso; femorum facie posteriore partìm granulosâ, partìm squamis imbricatis
+tectâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus multimaculatus</i>, Bibr. l. c. p. 291.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—The body depressed and wide—the head triangular, the muzzle rather acute.
+Nostrils prominent and nearly round. Scales of the head very small and numerous; those of
+the temple rhomboidal and imbricated. There are four series of small irregular scales between
+the labial and suborbitar. The sides of the neck are wholly granular; the scales of the body
+very small; those of the upper parts rhomboidal, flat with very low carina, and obtuse at
+the apex—beneath they are also small and rhomboidal; the posterior surface of the thighs is
+granular, but, as in some other species, there is, near the groin, a distinct patch of imbricated
+scales like those of the inferior surface. The tail is broad to some distance from the origin,
+and then tapers to the extremity. The scales of the tail are rather small, short and obtuse.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The anterior extremity placed against the sides reaches about two-thirds the distance
+towards the posterior, and the latter reaches forwards to the shoulder.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The ground colour of this species is gray, with numerous small black spots, some of which
+are bordered with white. The under parts are white, and in one specimen in Mr. Darwin’s
+collection there are on the belly numerous distinct small black spots. His description of the
+colours is as follows:—“Colours above singularly mottled. The small scales are coloured
+brown, white, yellowish red and blue, all dirty, and the brown forming symmetrical clouds.
+Beneath white, with regular spots of brown on the belly.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found at Bahia Blanca, on the northern confines of Patagonia. The following
+remarks of Mr. Darwin on the habits of this species are very interesting. “In
+its depressed form and general appearance it partakes of some of the characters
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>of the Geckos. Its habits are singular. It lives on the dry sand of the beach,
+at some distance from the vegetation, and the colour of the body much resembles
+that of the sand. When frightened it depresses its body, stretches out its
+legs, and closing its eyes tries to escape detection. If pursued it buries itself
+with great quickness in the sand; but as its legs are short, it cannot run very
+swiftly.”</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Proctotretus pectinatus.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate IX.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite squamis subæqualibus, rhomboideis, imbricatis, carinatis tecto.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Proctotretus pectinatus</i>, Bibr. Hist. Rept. IV. p. 292.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Patagonia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—The scales of the head are narrow, closely imbricated, strongly but not acutely
+carinated, and the anterior ones arranged in somewhat of a radiating direction from the muzzle.
+There is but a single series of scales between those of the upper lip and the orbit, and these,
+together with all the scales about the head, partake of the carinated and elongated character
+already described. A single strong triangular scale and two smaller ones are placed on the
+anterior margin of the ear, which is narrow, oval and reniform. The scales of the temples and
+sides of the neck are rhomboidal, acute, carinated and imbricated. There is a longitudinal
+fold on each side of the neck and a transverse one anterior to the shoulder, behind which is a
+deep depression. The scales of the back and side are prominently and acutely carinated, those
+of the central line being rather more prominent than the others; and above this there is on
+each side a marked longitudinal lateral crest extending from beneath the eyes to the base of
+the tail. The scales constituting these crests are very prominent, narrow and acutely carinated.
+The scales of the belly are also imbricated and rhomboidal, but flat; those of the under surface
+of the hands and feet are carinated; and those of the toes have three carinæ. The body is
+somewhat depressed as is the tail at its commencement, becoming more rounded and rather
+abruptly smaller at some distance from its origin. The fore-foot reaches to about two-thirds of
+the distance from the shoulder to the side, and the hinder extremity thus placed extends to the
+shoulder.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The colours of this most elegant of all the species of the genus are very beautiful. “This
+is the most beautiful lizard,” says Mr. Darwin, “I have ever seen; the back has three rows of
+regular oblong marks of a rich brown, the other scales symmetrically coloured either ash or
+light brown; many of them of a bright emerald green; beneath pearly, with semilunar spots of
+brilliant orange on the throat.” I find in the specimens I have examined that the pectinated
+lateral crests are white, and the brown oblong marks of the back are bordered with a similar
+colour. There are always three white transverse lines across the head.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><td class='c023' colspan='4'><span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span></td></tr>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species, as has been observed by M. Bibron, who first described it,
+may be at once distinguished from every other by the character of the scales of
+the head, which, instead of lying flat, with the edges in contact, are all of them
+imbricated and carinated. Another obvious distinguishing character, is the
+narrow line of prominent scales running the whole length of the body on each
+side, forming a sort of <i>pectinated</i> lateral crest, from which circumstance it has
+derived its name.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found by Mr. Darwin, at Bahia Blanca, and Port Desire in Patagonia.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—DIPLOLÆMUS.</span> <i>Bell.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Caput</span> breve, latum, subtriangulare. <span class=normal>Aures</span> parvæ, ovatæ, margine lævi. <span class=normal>Nares</span>
+magnæ, rotundæ. <span class=normal>Collum</span> infrà transversè, ad latera longitudinalitèr plicatum.
+<span class=normal>Corpus</span> subdepressum, non cristatum. <span class=normal>Cauda</span> teres, breviuscula, læevis. <span class=normal>Pedes</span>
+breves, robusti. <span class=normal>Squamæ capitis</span> numerosæ, parvæ, rotundatæ, non imbricatæ—<span class=normal>corporis</span>
+atque caudæ suprà minimæ, læves, convexæ, paulò imbricatæ, infrà læves,
+planæ. <span class=normal>Pori femorales</span> et <span class=normal>præ-anales</span> in utroque sexu nulli. <span class=normal>Dentes palatini</span>
+nulli.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The new genus which I have thus defined, resembles very closely, in most of its
+characters, the genus <i>Leiosaurus</i> of Bibron; from which, indeed, it scarcely differs,
+excepting in the absence of palatine teeth, and in the form of the suborbitar
+plates, which in <i>Leiosaurus</i> are all distinct, and of nearly equal size; whereas, in
+the present genus, three of these are united to form one plate, resembling that in
+<i>Proctotretus</i>, and some other <i>Agamidæ</i>. In other respects the genera are very
+closely allied; but the existence or non-existence of palatine teeth, is a character
+of so much importance, that it appeared to me,—and in this opinion I am supported
+by M. Bibron, who examined the specimens with me,—that they should be considered
+as distinct. Both the genera are natives of South America. Of <i>Leiosaurus
+Bellii</i> (Bibr.) the only known specimens were presented to me by Capt. King,
+who obtained them during his survey, from whom also I obtained specimens of
+one of the species of the present genus, <i>D. Bibronii</i>.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Diplolæmus Darwinii.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate X.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Squamis capitis convexis; caudâ, corpore cum capite longiore.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Port Desire, Patagonia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head short, almost equilaterally triangular, rising obliquely from the muzzle to the
+vertex, then flattened. Nostrils large, round, each placed in front of the suprà-orbital crest,
+and in a line between it and the centre of the muzzle. The ears are small, oval, the margin
+simple, and the membrana tympani superficial. The neck is considerably contracted; it has a
+longitudinal fold on each side formed by the confluence of two others, one of which arises from
+behind the angle of the mouth, and the other from above the ear, which is, as it were, enclosed
+between them; they coalesce a little behind the ear. There is also a distinct transverse fold
+on the throat, very similar to that in <i>Leiosaurus Bellii</i>. The body is moderately thick, somewhat
+depressed, and without the slightest appearance of a longitudinal crest, or any elevation
+along the median line. The tail is somewhat longer than the head and body, nearly round and
+tapering almost evenly from its origin to the apex. The fore legs are short and moderately
+robust, the toes short, nearly equal; the hinder legs moderately long. The former when placed
+against the sides, do not reach the thighs by nearly a third of the distance between the two
+limbs; the latter when directed forwards, just reach the axillæ. The cloacal covering is semilunar,
+turgid, and the margin quite simple.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>Scales covering the upper surface of the head numerous, rounded, and considerably elevated;
+those between the two suprà-orbital semicircles are in a double series. The occipital
+plate is oval, raised from the margin, hollowed immediately around the centre which is again
+raised like a minute tubercle. Above the labial scales, is a series of equal, rounded, oblong
+scales, and between these and the principal suborbital is a single series of smaller ones. Scales
+of the whole of the upper and lateral parts of the neck and body extremely small, slightly
+elevated, passing at the sides into a flatter and more expanded form. Those of the whole of
+the under parts are quite flat and imbricated. Beneath the anterior parts of the lower jaw, and
+behind the broad mental scales, are a series of flat, hexagonal scales on each side, passing backwards
+and outwards, the front pair large and oblong and the others diminishing by degrees.
+The scales of the throat are very small, those on the fold larger and acutely rhomboidal. The
+scales of the anterior part of the belly are also rhomboidal and those of the posterior portion
+hexagonal or nearly quadrate. The tail is covered by scales disposed in whorls, those on the
+median line beneath being larger than the others. Beneath each toe is a series of transverse
+hexagonal imbricated scales.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The colours and markings of this species are very difficult to be described, on account of
+the great irregularity of their disposition. The ground colour of the head is yellow, passing
+into grey on the back part. The anterior part has several small spots of a dark brown colour,
+and there is a larger one on each orbit, another between the eye and the ear, and others on the
+back part of the head extending to the neck. The middle of the back is reddish yellow, on
+each side bluish gray, passing beneath into yellowish white. A series of very irregular transverse
+spots cross the yellow median portion of the back, and there are others on the sides; and these
+two series becoming confluent on the tail, form, with the yellow ground, alternate half rings of
+the two colours. The upper part of the legs has similar bands. The whole of the throat, belly,
+and inferior surface of the limbs and tail are yellowish white. There are numerous small
+blackish spots over these parts which are more distinct and linear on the throat, and becoming
+paler, smaller and round on the belly.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_10'></a><i>Plate 10.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_10.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>From Nature by B Waterhouse Hawkins:<br> in Lithotint, C Hullmandel’s Patent.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Diplolæmus Darwinii. Nat. Size.</i></div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_11'></a><i>Plate 11.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_11.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>E. Waterhouse Hawkins del;</i><br> <i>Printed by C. Hullmandel.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Diplolæmus Bibronii</i> <i>Nat. Size.</i></div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><td class='c023' colspan='4'><span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span></td></tr>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>7</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Taken at Port Desire, on the coast of Patagonia.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Diplolæmus Bibronii.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XI.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Squamis capitis planis; caudâ corpore cum capite breviore.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Port Desire.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head thick and clumsy, longer than it is broad, muzzle obtuse, suprà-orbital arches
+slightly elevated. Nostrils as in the former species, in size, form, and situation. Ears subtriangular,
+the margin simple. Neck considerably contracted, with a longitudinal fold on
+each side, and a distinct transverse fold on the throat. Body rather broad, slightly depressed,
+perfectly even, without any central crest or elevation. The tail is shorter than the head and
+body, slightly triangular at its base, tapering regularly to its extremity. Limbs of moderate
+length; the toes of each foot longer than in <i>D. Bibronii</i>, and those of the fore-feet more
+unequal, the third being the longest, then the fourth, the second, the fifth, and the first. The
+fore-legs placed against the side reaches to about two-thirds of the distance between the
+shoulder and thigh; the hinder foot placed in the same manner reaches to the axilla.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The scales of the head are quite flat, a character in which this species differs remarkably
+from the former, although in their number and arrangement they are very similar. The occipital
+scale is flat and hexagonal. Between the labial scales and the suborbital, there are, in
+addition to the regular series of larger supralabial scales, at least three distinct series of smaller
+ones; whereas in <i>D. Darwinii</i> there is but one.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The scales of the temples, the neck, the body, the limbs and the tail, are similar to those
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>of the former species in general form and arrangement, excepting that they are smaller and
+less elevated. Those beneath the anterior part of the lower jaw are much smaller; but the rest
+on the under parts are similar to the former.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The head is of a dull light-brown colour, with a few obscure darker spots. The general
+ground colour of the back is “bluish gray, tinged with rust colour;” there are five transverse
+bands across the back, which are composed principally of numerous, close, small, dark-brown
+spots, on a bluish-gray ground, darker than the intervals, and without any red tinge; and each
+band is marked on the posterior margin with strongly defined semilunar indentations, bordered
+with yellowish-white, or bright yellow. These bands are continued on the tail, where they
+become half-rings.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>9</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>7</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—AMBLYRYNCHUS.</span> <i>Bell.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Amblyrynchus Demarlii.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XII.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Cristâ suprà cervicem elevatiore, suprà dorsum humiliore; tuberculis verticalibus subdepressis,
+occipitalibus conicis; caudâ tereti.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Amblyrynchus Demarlii.</i> Bibr. Hist. Rept. IV. p. 197.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species was first described by Mons. Bibron in the “Histoire des Reptiles,”
+and so fully as not to require any detailed account of its characters here. It has
+not, however, hitherto been figured, and it is thought very desirable to embrace so
+good an opportunity of giving a representation of so interesting an animal. Its
+most important structural peculiarities will be alluded to in the account of the
+next species, which is an aquatic form, whilst the present is strictly terrestrial.
+The toes are long, compared with those of the other, and so unequal as to constitute
+essentially an ambulatory form.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>By Mr. Darwin’s observations we are now enabled fully to confirm Mons.
+Bibron’s suggestion, that this species was from the Galapagos, and to establish
+the genus as strictly appertaining to that curious and interesting locality.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_12'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 12.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_12.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>Printed by C. Hullmandel.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Amblyrynchus Demarlii.</i> <i>Nat. Size.</i></div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Amblyrynchus cristatus.</span> <i>Bell.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la">Cristâ suprà humeros humiliore; digitis ferè equalibus subpalmatis; caudâ compressâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Amblyrynchus Cristatus.</i> Bell, Zool. Journ. 1825, p. 195. Tab. Supp. XII. Bibr. Hist. Rept. IV. p. 204.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>I established the genus <i>Amblyrynchus</i> nearly eighteen years ago, from a
+stuffed specimen of the present species, which had been obtained by Mr. Bullock,
+Jun., in Mexico. I had never seen another specimen, until Mr. Darwin brought
+home a young one from the Galapagos, in excellent preservation in spirits, and thus
+established its true habitat, and enabled me to correct those errors in my description
+which arose from drying and bad stuffing. Mons. Bibron also took his description
+from my specimen, and thus necessarily fell into the same mistakes, of
+which the most important are those which relate to the form of the tail, and the
+structure of the feet. Thus the tail is described as “round, excepting towards
+the extremity, where it is flattened at the sides,” whereas it is in fact much compressed
+throughout its whole length; and with regard to the toes no mention is
+made of their being partially united by a web or fold of skin, which is the case
+both on the anterior and posterior feet. These two characters so obviously point
+out a power of swimming, that the aquatic habits of the species might at once
+have been predicated, and it is exceedingly interesting to find, from Mr. Darwin’s
+observations, that such is really the case. We have, therefore, two distinct forms—distinct
+equally in their structure and in their habits—in the two species now
+described; the one, <i>A. Demarlii</i>, being truly terrestrial, with lengthened, unequal,
+and distinctly separated toes and a round tail, and the present species as truly
+amphibious, having short, nearly equal and webbed toes, and a compressed tail.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>A very interesting account of their habits, &#38;c., is given by Mr. Darwin in his
+delightful Journal of the Voyage of the Beagle, p. 466 to 472, to which the reader
+is referred, and which exactly accords with the peculiarities of their respective
+structure just alluded to.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>It is remarkable also, that whereas <i>Amblyrynchus cristatus</i> inhabits the coasts
+of all the islands, the other species is found only in the central portion of the
+group.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—LEIOCEPHALUS.</span> <i>Gray.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Leiocephalus Grayii.</span></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XIII.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Cristâ dorsali elevatâ; caudâ sub-compressâ; squamis ventralibus rhomboideis, lævibus;
+margine anteriore meatus auditorii quadridentato; squamâ occipitali magnâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Galapagos Archipelago.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head, viewed from above, forming a nearly equilateral triangle, covered with
+irregular slightly raised scales. Supra-orbital ridge prominent, and covered with a series of
+elongated and imbricated scales. Occipital plate large, pentagonal, notched at its posterior
+margin. The anterior margin of the auditory passage is strongly quadridentate, from the
+existence of four long and rather narrow scales. Scales of the temple obtusely carinated, not
+imbricated; those of the back strongly and acutely carinated and disposed in numerous rows,
+converging backwards towards the dorsal crest. Ventral scales rhomboidal, not carinated.
+Dorsal crest elevated, composed of flat vertical scales, so closely placed as to constitute an
+almost continuous line, extending from the neck to the end of the tail. Tail somewhat compressed
+at the base, becoming nearly round towards the middle. Scales beneath the feet and
+toes carinated.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The colour of this species is thus stated in Mr. Darwin’s notes:—“Upper part clove
+brown, passing into black brown with black spots. Sides slightly tinted with orange; some of
+the scales of the crest near the head are white; belly nearly white; the whole of the throat
+before the fore legs glossy black. This is the most common variety in the Archipelago. The
+black spots are not unfrequently placed in waved transverse bars, and are sometimes arranged
+longitudinally.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>9</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>9</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Of this species, one of the most beautiful in the whole order of Saurians, Mr.
+Darwin obtained numerous specimens, one only of which is fully adult. In the
+younger individuals the dorsal crest is low and almost inconspicuous. It differs
+very materially from either of the two species previously described, and I have
+dedicated it to Mr. Gray, who first distinguished the genus. Mons. Bibron, unaware
+that Mr. Gray had already constituted the genus under the name <i>Leiocephalus</i>,
+named it <i>Holotropis</i>. I have, however, retained the former name, as having
+the claim of priority.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_13'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 13.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_13.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>Printed by C. Hullmandel.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>1. Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii.</i></div>
+ <div class='line'><i>2. Naultinus Grayii.</i></div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>It constitutes one of the numerous interesting novelties obtained by Mr.
+Darwin in the Galapagos. The specimens, which are of various ages, were taken
+in Chatham Island and in Charles Island.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—CENTRURA.</span> <i>Bell.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c038'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Caput</span> breve, triangulare. <span class=normal>Aures</span> magnæ, anticè cutis plicâ, haud dentatâ, partìm
+celatæ. <span class=normal>Nares</span> magnæ, rotundæ. <span class=normal>Gulâ</span> transversè subplicata. <span class=normal>Collum</span> atque
+corpus haud cristata; hoc depressum, latum, cute longitudinalitèr plicatâ. <span class=normal>Cauda</span>
+teres, basin versus subdepressa, squamis fortibus spinosis verticillatis. <span class=normal>Squamæ
+capitis</span> numerosæ, parvæ, rotundatæ, non imbricatæ—<span class=normal>corporis</span> minimæ, rotundæ,
+subconvexæ, læves. <span class=normal>Pori femorales</span> et <span class=normal>præ-anales</span> nulli. <span class=normal>Dentes palatini</span>.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The propinquity of this genus both to <i>Oplura</i> and to <i>Doryphorus</i> is very
+obvious. It differs, however, from both in several structural characters. From
+the former in the absence of denticulations on the anterior margin of the ear, and
+of a nuchal crest; from the latter in the presence of palatine teeth. Its place is
+probably between these two genera.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Centrura Flagellifer.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XIII.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head almost equilaterally triangular, the muzzle rounded; scales of the head small,
+nearly equal, rounded, not imbricated, those of the temples subconical; nostrils round, large,
+confined to the nasal scales. Ears rather large, the tympanum lying beneath the surface, and
+partly concealed by an anterior fold of skin, which is not denticulated, as in <i>Oplura</i>. Skin of
+the neck folded at the sides, that of the body flaccid, and with strongly marked lateral folds,
+extending from the shoulder to the thigh. Scales of the neck and back very small, round,
+slightly convex, very smooth. Skin of the throat rugose, with a transverse pectoral fold not
+very strongly marked. Scales of the throat similar to those of the back; those of the belly
+broader and less convex; all perfectly smooth. Tail about the length of the head and body,
+flattened at the base, then round, surrounded with strong spinous verticillated scales, of which
+there are about fifty circles; beneath smooth. Legs of moderate length, strong, covered with
+small conical, imbricated scales. The toes compressed towards the extremity, and terminated
+with a strong, short, compressed nail.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The colour can only be partially described, as the specimen has been long in spirits. It
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>is of a dark brown colour above, with darker, obscure markings on the body. About the head
+are traces of green. The tail and limbs are rich brown, and the under parts dull, pale
+fuscous.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the neck</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>7</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Familia—GECKOTIDÆ.</span> <i>Gray.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Geckotiens ou Ascalabotes.</span> <i>Bibr.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Genus—Gymnodactylus.</span> <i>Spix.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XIV.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Squamâ mentali impari pentagonâ, scutiformi; squamarum labialium inferiorum
+paribus quinque, superiorum paribus sex; caudâ medio crassiore.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Gymnodactylus Gaudichaudii.</i> Bibr. Rept. III. p. 413.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species was first brought from Coquimbo by Gaudichaud, after whom it
+was named by Mons. Bibron, who described it in his work; but as one specimen
+alone exists in the French National Collection, and as the species has never
+been figured, it is thought desirable that a figure should be given in the
+present work. The characters above given sufficiently distinguish it from all
+other species; but for a detailed description, the reader is referred to the “Histoire
+des Reptiles” above quoted.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>3</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>4</td>
+ <td class='c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_14'></a><i>Reptiles Plate 14.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_14.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>Printed by C. Hullmandel.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>1. Leiocephalus Grayii.</i></div>
+ <div class='line'><i>2. Centrura flagellifer.</i></div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>The specimens brought home by Mr. Darwin were from Port Desire, in
+Patagonia, and the following observations occur in his MS. notes:—“Centre of
+the back yellowish brown, sometimes with a strong tinge of dark green; sides
+clouded with blackish brown; in very great numbers under stones; makes a
+grating noise when taken hold of; after death loses its darker colours.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>“A specimen being kept for some days in a tin box, changed colour into an
+uniform grey, without the black cloudings. I thought I noticed some change
+after catching and bringing home these animals, but could observe no instantaneous
+change.”</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>I have considered these specimens as belonging to the species to which I
+have assigned them, because they exactly agree with Mons. Bibron’s description.
+It is, however, very possible that an opportunity of comparing them with those
+obtained by Gaudichaud, would show them to be distinct, as it rarely happens
+that the same species of reptile is found on the opposite sides of the American
+Continent.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—NAULTINUS.</span> <i>Gray.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Naultinus Grayii.</span></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XIV.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Omninò viridis; fronte subconcavo; squamulis capitis planis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description</span>.—Head thick, swollen across the posterior part, concave between the eyes, and forwards
+nearly to the snout, which is rounded. Scales of the head larger towards the fore part,
+nearly flat. Eyes round, large; ears longitudinally oval. Body covered with small nearly equal
+scales. Tail round, one-fifth longer than the body. Limbs short, the anterior, when placed
+against the side, reaching but little more than half way to the thigh; the posterior reaching
+about two-thirds the distance towards the shoulder. Toes short; on the anterior foot the
+first is the shortest, then the second, the fifth, and the fourth; on the posterior increasing in
+the same series; all compressed towards the extremity, and all furnished with small curved
+close claws.</p>
+
+<p class='c022'>The colour is a fine green.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>It was taken at the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. It lives on trees, and is
+said to make a laughing noise.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species greatly resembles <i>Naultinus Elegans</i><a id='r3'></a><a href='#f3' class='c031'><sup>[3]</sup></a> of Mr. Gray, of which a
+beautiful specimen is in the British Museum. Upon a comparison of the two,
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>however, I find that they differ in the following particulars. In the present
+species the head is concave between the eyes, and forwards nearly to the snout;
+in the other, this part is quite plain; the scales of the head in this species are
+flat; in the other they are convex. The colour of this species is uniformly green,
+whereas <i>N. Elegans</i> has several markings of a yellow colour, each distinctly
+bordered with black.</p>
+
+<div class='footnote' id='f3'>
+<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r3'>3</a>.&#160;&#160;</span>See Fauna of New Zealand, p. 203. Zool. Misc. p. 72.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Familia—LACERTIDÆ.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Genus—Ameiva.</span> <i>Cuvier.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Ameiva longicauda.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XV.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Squamis suprà-humeralibus, rhomboideis, imbricatis; subfemoralibus transversim hexagonis;
+abdominalibus in seriebus decem longitudinalibus dispositis; caudâ, corpore
+cum capite plus quam duplò longiore, squamis medio carinatis, et ad margine subcarinatis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Bahia Blanca, Northern Patagonia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head very narrow, much elongated and pointed, the vertex flattened; nostrils rather
+large, open, round, directed laterally, and placed in the centre of the naso-rostral plate; superciliary
+plates three in number, the central one the largest; suprahumeral scales rhomboidal,
+imbricated, not broader than long, in four series; those of the arm transversely hexagonal; the
+anterior surface of the thigh, and the inferior of the leg, covered with large hexagonal, somewhat
+imbricated, scales; caudal scales above quadrate, longer than broad, with a strong medial
+carina, and the lateral margins slightly raised; beneath smooth; tail very long. Anterior extremity
+placed against the body, reaching rather more than half way to the thigh; posterior
+extremity extending forwards nearly to the ear.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The upper surface of this beautiful species is dark brown or blackish, with nine distinct
+white or yellowish longitudinal fasciæ extending through the whole length of the neck and
+body; tail with four of these lines. Under parts white.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the neck</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>3</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='bbt c009'>of the tail</td>
+ <td class='bbt c026'>5</td>
+ <td class='bbt c010'>2</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c026'>Total length</td>
+ <td class='c026'>7</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremity</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_15'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 15.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_15.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.<br> C. Hullmandel Imp.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Ameiva longicauda.</i></td>
+ <td class='c029 bbt' rowspan='3'><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2. 2a. 2b.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Gerrhosaurus sepiformis.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>3.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Cyclodus Casuarinæ.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>Found at Bahia Blanca by Mr. Darwin. The specimens are probably all of
+them very young; hence the longitudinal lines can scarcely be considered as permanent,
+as most species of the genus are beautifully lineated in the young state.
+The length of the tail, with its carinated scales, the general elegance of the form,
+the gracile form of the head, and the neat and distinct arrangement of the colours,
+render this one of the most beautiful species of this elegant genus.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The description of the colours given above, being from specimens which have
+been long in spirits, it is necessary to state that Mr. Darwin has the following
+notice respecting one of them—“On the sides two dark red streaks; tail red.”</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Familia—ZONURIDÆ.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Genus—Gerrhosaurus.</span> <span class='sc'>Weigmann.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Gerrhosaurus sepiformis.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XV.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Scincus sepiformis</span>, Schneid. Hist. Amph. II. p. 191. Merr. Syst. Amph. p. 70. n. 1.</div>
+ </div>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Gerrhosaurus sepiformis</span>, Bibr. Hist. des Rept. V. p. 384.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Corpore cum caudâ longo, serpentiformi; pedibus parvis; squamarum submaxillarum pari secundo contiguis; squamis dorsalibus magnis, subrectangularibus, striatis, in
+seriebus tredecem, et ventralibus in seriebus octo dispositis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Cape of Good Hope.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>After a careful examination of the data from which the different synonyms of
+this species, and of <i>Gerrhosaurus flavigularis</i>, Bibr., have been derived, I am inclined
+to agree with this author, that the present is the true <i>Scincus sepiformis</i> of
+Schneider, and of Merrem, and not <i>Scincus flavigularis</i> as supposed by Wagler,
+Weigmann, and Gray. It is very fully described by Bibron in the “Histoire
+Naturelle des Reptiles,” but it has not hitherto been figured. There is no notice
+of it in Mr. Darwin’s notes, further than its having been obtained at the Cape of
+Good Hope.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Familia—SCINCIDÆ.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Genus—Cyclodus.</span> <i>Wagler.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Cyclodus Casuarinæ.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XV.—Fig. 3.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Aurium margine anteriore simplici; squamis corporis, in seriebus <span class='fss'>XXIV</span>
+dispositis.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'>“<i>Kèneux de la casuarina</i>, Cocteau, Tab. Synopt.” (<i>v.</i> Bibr. Hist. Nat. des Rept. V. p. 749.)</div>
+ <div class='line'><i>Cyclodus casuarinæ</i>, Bibr. l. c.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>As I have not the work of the lamented Dr. Cocteau by me, I quote the above
+reference from M. Bibron’s work, in which this species is fully described. It
+differs from the other species of this curious genus in many minute characters of
+the scaling of the head, but the most tangible and obvious distinctive character
+consists in the number of series of scales, which does not exceed twenty-four, all
+around the body, whilst in the others, they amount to thirty-four or thirty-eight.
+It would appear that it is liable to some considerable diversity in colour and
+markings. That which M. Bibron describes, has “the head of a yellowish grey,
+the whole of the upper part of the body olive grey, and the inferior part whitish
+grey.” The specimen in the collection of the Zoological Society has the whole
+upper part of a brownish grey, with twelve black lines extending from the neck
+along the back and tail, corresponding with the sutures of the longitudinal series
+of scales. The under surface of the tail is marked by about thirty transverse, interrupted,
+black bands. The following is the description given by Mr. Darwin
+from his specimen when taken,—“Scales on the centre of the back light greenish
+brown, edged on their sides with black; scales on the sides of the body above
+greyer and with less black, below reddish: belly yellow, with numerous narrow,
+irregular, waving, transverse lines of black, which are formed by the lower margin
+of some of the scales being black; head above grey, beneath whitish.” Mr.
+Darwin adds, that the motion of the body, when crawling, resembles that of a
+snake. It is not very active. Coleoptera and larvæ were found in its stomach.
+“It is common in the open woods near Hobart Town in Van Diemen’s Land.”</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_16'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 16.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_16.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>C. Hullmandel Imp.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table3'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='c033'><i>Rana Delalandii.</i></td>
+ <td class='blt c012 bbt' rowspan='4'><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>2.</i></td>
+ <td class='c033'><i>Rana Mascariensis.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>3. 3a.</i></td>
+ <td class='c033'><i>Limnocharis fuscus.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c033'><i>4.</i></td>
+ <td class='c033'><i>Cystignathus Georgianus.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Classis—AMPHIBIA.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Ordo—ANOURA.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Familia—RANIDÆ.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Genus Rana.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Rana Delalandii.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVI.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis in serie transversâ, medio interruptâ, dispositis; membris posterioribus corpore cum capite duplò longioribus; pedibus posticis gracillimis, semipalmatis.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Rana Delalandii</i>, Bibr. Hist. Rept. VIII. p. 388.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head elongate, depressed. Eyes large, not prominent. Tympanum nearly round. Palatine teeth in two simple series, commencing at the inner side of the anterior margin of the
+posterior nares, and extending towards each other in a transverse direction, leaving between
+them a space of about half the length of each. Tongue not quite as long as it is broad. Body
+somewhat depressed, and with the head forming an almost uninterrupted ellipse. Skin of the
+back, with several small longitudinal folds. Anterior legs, when placed against the sides,
+reaching to the thigh. Fingers very slender, and of nearly equal length. Posterior limbs
+fully twice as long as the head and body. Toes extremely long and slender, and connected
+by a membrane by about half their length.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The general colour of the upper parts is a rich brown, with darker brown and white
+markings. A white median fascia extends the whole length of the head and body; another
+fascia of the same colour and of very irregular figure on each side, passes backwards and
+downwards from above the shoulders, and loses itself in the pale colour of the abdomen.
+There are several smaller white lines and spots, and others of a dark rich brown, particularly a
+large mark of the latter colour behind the eye, including the tympanum. The thighs and
+legs are elegantly banded with similar colours. The under side is whitish.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior ditto</td>
+ <td class='c026'>3</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species was first discovered at the Cape of Good Hope by M. Delalande,
+and named after him by Mons. Bibron. Mr. Darwin found it in the same locality.
+It is now figured for the first time.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Rana Mascariensis.</span></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVI.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis binis obliquis distantibus, ad marginem interiorem
+narium posteriorum attingentibus; tympano circulari, mediocri; digitis posticis
+usque ad phalanges penultimas connexis: plantis tuberculo unico; cute dorsi lævi,
+longitudinalitèr plicatâ; suprà fusco-rufescens,fasciâ longitudinali pallidâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Rana Mascariensis</i>, Bibr. Hist. Rept. VIII. p. 315.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, the Mauritius.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This pretty species of the typical genus of the family was described by
+Bibron, but has not hitherto been figured. It was found in Mauritius, on swamps
+near the sea, by Mr. Darwin, who remarks on the extraordinary height of its
+leaps. It has also been found in the Seychelles, Madagascar, and the Island of
+Bourbon.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—LIMNOCHARIS.</span> <i>Bell.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Lingua</span> ovalis, integrâ, margine posteriore libero. <span class=normal>Dentes palatini</span> utrinque in fasciculis
+duobus dispositis, quorum alter ad marginem anteriorem narium interiorum,
+alter pone nares interiores, prope arcum maxillarem. <span class=normal>Nasus</span> terminalis, truncatus,
+ultra labium productus. <span class=normal>Tympanum</span> conspicuum, circulare. <span class=normal>Cutis</span> omninò lævis.
+<span class=normal>Digiti anteriores</span> liberi, <span class=normal>posteriores</span> ad basin tantùm palmati.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The genus <i>Limnocharis</i> is remarkable for the existence of palatine teeth in a
+part of the mouth in which they have never been observed in any other amphibian.
+Not only is there a small group or line of these contiguous with the anterior margin
+of the posterior nares,—a situation in which they are found in some other genera
+of <i>Ranidæ</i>, but there is also a group of them placed at some distance behind the
+posterior margin of these openings, and close within the rise of the maxillary
+arch. This genus, of which one species only is at present known, will probably
+be most naturally placed between the true <i>Ranæ</i> and certain of the <i>Cystignathi</i>.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Limnocharis fuscus.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVI.—Fig. 3.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Rio Janeiro.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head semi-oval, depressed, as broad as it is long. The muzzle truncated, extending
+beyond the lips, which it overhangs. Tongue oval, entire, free at the posterior margin. Palatine
+teeth in two parcels on each side; one consisting of very few at the anterior and inner
+margin of the posterior nares, the other behind those openings, in the angle formed by the
+maxillary arch and the orbits. Posterior nares large and oval. Tympanum conspicuous,
+nearly circular. Skin every where perfectly smooth, without glands or pores. Anterior legs
+of moderate length and size. The fore-arm rather longer than the upper arm. Fingers of
+moderate length, wholly detached. Hinder legs little more than one-third longer than body.
+The toes separate, excepting a slight rudiment of a connecting membrane at their base, which
+extends, though very narrow, along their sides, the extremity very slightly notched.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour</span> of the upper part rich dark brown. The thighs lighter, obscurely banded with dark
+brown. Under parts pale blueish grey. The throat dotted with brown.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found in brooks at Rio Janeiro by Mr. Darwin, who states that it is infested
+with acari; and I observe, in the specimen under examination, several marks in
+the skin, from whence these have been taken.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—CYSTIGNATHUS.</span> <i>Wagler.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Cystignathus Georgianus.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVI.—Fig. 4.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis perpaucis, in fasciculis binis approximatis, pone nares posteriores;
+lingua integrâ, oblongâ; tympano celato; pedibus posterioribus non palmatis.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Crinia Georgiana</i>, Tschudi Class. Batrach.</div>
+ <div class='line'><i>Cystignathus Georgianus</i>, Bibr. Rept. VIII. p. 416.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species, which formed the type of Tschudi’s genus <i>Crinia</i>, was separated
+by him from <i>Cystignathus</i> on account of the form of the tongue, the nonappearance
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>of the tympanum, the paucity of palatine teeth, and the total absence
+of an interdigital membrane on the hinder feet. These characters being either
+merely comparative or unimportant, were not considered by Bibron as sufficient
+to warrant a generic separation, and I have followed him in retaining the species
+amongst the <i>Cystignathi</i>. It was first discovered by Messrs. Quoy and Gaimard
+at King George’s Sound, in Australia, where it was also obtained by Mr. Darwin.
+It is a beautiful species; the back being of a rich brown colour, with a pale
+orange fascia extending along the sides from the eye to the thigh, becoming
+bright orange on the flanks. Thighs and legs banded with rich deep brown and
+bright orange.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—BORBOROCŒTES.</span> <i>Bell.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Lingua</span> ovata, posticè libera, rotundata; anticè subacuminata. <span class=normal>Dentes palatini</span> in
+fasciculis binis plùs minùsve obliquis, pone nares posteriores positi. <span class=normal>Tympanum</span>
+celatum. <span class=normal>Digiti anteriores</span> haud palmati; <span class=normal>posteriores</span> ad basin tantùm cute connexi.
+<span class=normal>Glandulæ cutaneæ</span> nullæ. <span class=normal>Sacculi vocales</span> (maris) utrinque sub lingua
+nascentes.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The two species on which I have founded this genus approach so nearly to
+some species of <i>Cystignathus</i>, that it is not without hesitation that I determine on
+considering them as typical of a new generic form. The principal characters on
+which I have founded the distinction are the position of the palatine teeth, the
+form of the tongue, the concealment of the tympanum, the absence of glands and
+pores on the skin, and the connexion of the base of the hinder toes by a rudimentary
+palmar membrane. It is true that some of the species of <i>Cystignathus</i>,
+as that genus is at present constituted, agree with the present form in some or
+other of these particulars; but upon the whole they are sufficiently distinct; and
+in fact the genus <i>Cystignathus</i>, as left by M. Bibron, appears to me to stand in
+need of revision and dismemberment. The species constituting the genus now
+proposed, are however both new. The genus <i>Borborocœtes</i> will probably stand, in
+its natural affinities, between <i>Cystignathus</i> and <i>Cycloramphus</i>, from the latter of
+which it differs in the situation of the palatine teeth, in the degree to which the
+hinder feet are webbed, and the comparative length of the hinder legs. The
+two latter characters are of importance as indicating a difference of habit; and
+we find that <i>Cycloramphus</i> has proportionally short hinder limbs, with the toes
+extensively palmate, whilst in <i>Borborocœtes</i> the hinder legs are much longer, and
+the toes scarcely at all webbed. The former structure indicates a greater power
+of swimming, and the latter of leaping.</p>
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_17'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 17.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_17.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>Printed by C. Hullmandel.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Borborocœtes</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Bibronii.</i></td>
+ <td class='c029 bbt' rowspan='5'><i>1a. Mag. View of Tongue &#38; Gullet.</i><br><br><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Grayii.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>3.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Pleurodema</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Darwinii.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>4.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>elegans.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>5.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>bufoninum.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Borborocœtes Bibronii.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVII. Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis distantibus obliquis pone nares posteriores positis;
+palmis bituberculatis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Chiloe and Valdivia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head depressed, the vertex slightly concave between the orbits; front (space included
+between two lines drawn from the anterior corner of the orbits to the point of the
+nose) triangular and distinct. Nostrils lateral. Eyes rather prominent. Tongue broad,
+ovate, acuminated in front, behind entire and rounded, the posterior half and the sides detached.
+Palatine teeth in two oval parcels, direct obliquely backwards and inwards, and
+situated at some distance behind the line of the posterior margin of the nares. Tympanum
+concealed. Body rather depressed and short. Skin smooth and without pores or glands,
+excepting on the posterior and inferior surface of the thighs, where there are some small
+granular elevations. Pore legs two-thirds the length of the head and body. The fore-arm
+rather larger than the upper arm. The fingers entirely separated, the third considerably the
+longest. A small tubercle under each joint, and two on the palm near the wrist. Length of
+the hinder legs to that of the head and body as 5 to 3, or rather more. Toes connected only at
+their base. A small tubercle under each joint, and a very depressed one at the base of the
+inner toe.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour</span> of the upper parts fuscous, with a lateral fascia extending from the orbit nearly to the
+thigh, of a dark-brown colour, bordered with whitish; and another of an elongated triangular
+form on each ilium. Legs with transverse incomplete faciæ of the same colour. Under
+parts grey, with numerous brown dots.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body and head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Taken at Valdivia and at Chiloe, in a thick forest, by Mr. Darwin.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Borborocœtes Grayii.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVII.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis subcontiguis paulò obliquis, pone nares posteriores
+positis; palmis non tuberculatis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Valdivia.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species considerably resembles the former in most of its characters.
+The palatine teeth, however, form at once a certain and tangible distinction and
+there are some minor points in which they differ, sufficient at a glance to determine
+them. The head in the present animal is broader than it is long; in the
+former the breadth is only equal to its length. The palms are in this species
+without conspicuous tubercles; in the other there are two, although very small.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>In colour it differs much from the former. The general colour is a rich
+fuscous brown, rather paler beneath; the flanks, the throat and belly, and the
+whole of the thighs and legs, with various white markings, those of the throat
+and belly being the smallest. This species was found in the forest, in Valdivia.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—PLEURODEMA.</span> <i>Tschudi.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c039'>I have thought it right to follow Tschudi in separating from the genus
+<i>Cystignathus</i> of Wagler, such species as have large and conspicuous lumbar
+glands, particularly as they all agree in possessing a much more bufonine aspect
+than the others. The discovery of three new species, all agreeing in these
+characters with <i>Pleurodema Bibronii</i> of Tschudi, increases the importance of the
+grounds upon which this separation is made.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Pleurodema Darwinii.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVII.—Fig. 3.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis paucis, minimis; lingua subcordatâ, vix emarginatâ; glandulis
+lumborum magnis, rotundis, convexis; digitis posticis ad basin tantùm membranâ
+connexis; dorso sparsìm tuberculato-glanduloso; suprà pallidè virescens, maculis
+fusco-olivaceis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Maldonado.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_18'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 18.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_18.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on Stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>C. Hullmandel Imp.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1. 1a.</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>Leiuperus salarius.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2. 2a. 2b. 2c.</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>Pyxicephalus Americanus.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>3. 3a. 3b.</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>Alsodes Monticola.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>4. 4a.</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>Litoria glandulosa.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>5. 5a. 5b.</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>Batrachyla leptopus.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head triangular, rather broader than long. Muzzle rounded. Eyes slightly prominent.
+Tongue somewhat heart-shaped, scarcely emarginated behind. Palatine teeth very
+few, and with difficulty perceptible, placed in two small groups between the posterior nares.
+Body thick and broad, with numerous glandular tubercles scattered over the surface, principally
+on the anterior parts, and assuming somewhat of a longitudinal arrangement. Lumbar
+glands large, round, and prominent. Legs robust and short. Toes of the fore feet wholly
+separate, with a small tubercle under each joint, and two larger ones at the hinder part of the
+palm. Hinder toes, with a rudimentary membrane at the base, a small tubercle under each
+joint; the first and second toes very short. A conical tubercle at the inner, and another at
+the outer side of the metatarsus.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The upper surface is beautifully marbled with dark olive or black, on a light-green
+ground; some of the markings assume somewhat of an ocellated form, and approach to a
+symmetrical arrangement. The lumbar glands are more strongly coloured than the other
+parts, the centre being black, and nearly surrounded by a bright line of very light green, or
+nearly white. The thighs are numerously banded with the prevailing colours, and a tinge of
+orange or red. Beneath pale; in some specimens blackish under the chin.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The aspect of this species is remarkably bufonine; and this character is increased
+by the numerous glandular tubercles on the surface of the body, and
+pores about the parotid region. It is, doubtless, similar in its habits to many of
+the toads.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>7</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>It was repeatedly found by Mr. Darwin at Maldonado, near the mouth of
+the river La Plata.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Pleurodema elegans.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVII.—Fig. 4.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis prominentibus, in fasciculis binis ovatis obliquis dispositis;
+lingua rotunda integrâ; glandulis lumborum ovalibus, valdè convexis; digitis
+posticis haud palmatis; dorso tuberculato-glanduloso, fusco, nigro obscurè maculato,
+fasciâ longitudinali pallidâ.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Valparaiso, Valdivia, and Archipelago of Chiloe.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head semi-elliptic, as broad as long. Muzzle rounded. Eyes very slightly prominent.
+Tongue large, round, entire, very thick. Palatine teeth prominent, disposed in two
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>oval groups, extending obliquely backwards and inwards, but separated by a considerable
+interval. Body somewhat depressed and elongated, with many prominent glandular tubercles,
+and with pores about the parotid region. Lumbar glands of moderate size, of an elongated
+oval form, and very convex. Legs rather slender, the anterior feet with the third toe considerably
+the longest; a small tubercle under each joint of all the toes, and several small
+inconspicuous ones on the palm; hinder legs rather elongated, the toes long, particularly the
+fourth, the first very short; a small tubercle under each joint; the inner metatarsal tubercle
+prominent, the outer one inconsiderable.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The markings of this species are very elegant and striking. The ground colour of the
+upper parts is a rich brown, with darker cloudings and marks; a light yellowish longitudinal
+line running all the length from the nose to the extremity of the body, a very irregular fascia
+on each side of the same colour enclosing a brown oblong spot on the upper lip, another
+just behind the tympanum, and two others on the sides; there is also a brown fascia from the
+extremity of the nose to each eye; the lumbar glands are black and yellow, distinctly marked.
+The limbs are obscurely banded with brown and pale yellowish. The colours in some specimens
+are more obscure than in that figured, and they appear to lose their clearness with age.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'>The following are the colours of the brighter individuals according to the observations of
+Mr. Darwin:—“Yellowish and broccoli-brown, with darker brown marks; broad medial dorsal
+line, pale gallstone yellow; lumbar glands saffron yellow and jet black.” Another specimen was
+“ash-grey with blackish brown marks.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>The general habit of this species is much more in accordance with its relation
+to the <i>Ranidæ</i> than that of the other species of the genus. Its general form
+is more elongated and depressed, and the limbs, particularly the hinder ones, are
+longer in proportion to the body. It is certainly very near <i>Pl. Bibronii</i> of Tschudi,
+but still undoubtedly distinct.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Pleurodema bufoninum.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVII.—Fig. 5.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dentibus palatinis prominentibus, in fasciculis binis ovalibus, obliquis, dispositis;
+lingua subcordiformi, subemarginata; glandulis lumborum maximis, ellipticis,
+planis; digitis posticis dimidio ferè palmatis, marginatis; dorso glandulis parvis
+instructo,fusco-griseo maculis, nigris, lineâ longitudinali pallidâ</span></i>.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Port Desire, Patagonia.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head short. Muzzle rounded. Eyes prominent. Tongue thick, slightly heart-shaped,
+scarcely notched on the posterior margin. Palatine teeth prominent, in two oval
+groups, converging backwards. Tympanum rather small, perfectly round, conspicuous. Parotid
+glands distinct. Body thick and broad, with small glandular tubercles dispersed over
+the surface, particularly at the anterior part. Lumbar glands extremely large, elliptic-ovate,
+flat. Legs of moderate length, rather robust. Anterior toes separated, excepting at the base;
+a small tubercle under each joint, and several very small ones on the palm; hinder toes united
+to about half their length, and bordered on each side to the extremity; metatarsal tubercles
+prominent; soles of the hinder feet with many minute tubercles.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The upper surface of this species is of a brownish grey colour, sometimes greenish
+brown or dark olive, and with numerous irregular spots of dark-brown or black. Thighs and
+legs with fasciæ of the same colour. Beneath yellowish white; in some with numerous blackish
+dots under the throat.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>3</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, in Patagonia, and high up the river
+Santa Cruz—“probably,” says Mr. Darwin, “the most southern limit for this
+family.”</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—LEIUPERUS.</span> <i>Bibr.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Leiuperus salarius.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVIII.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Suprà nigricans, lumbis maculis 3 vel 4 nigris, albo-marginatis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description</span>.—The head is short, the opening of the mouth small, the tongue rather thick, very
+slightly emarginate behind, and with the posterior margin free. The eyes small; the tympanum
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>not very conspicuous; there is a trace of a parotid gland on each side of the neck. The
+body is rather thick, and the limbs proportionally short. The hinder toes are only connected
+at the base by a rudimentary membrane, the first four gradually increasing in length, and
+placed along the side of the matatarsus, one beyond the other; the fifth on the same line as
+the fourth, but not more than half its length. The metatarsal tubercle is rather prominent,
+and there are small subarticular tubercles on the toes of all the feet.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The colour of the upper parts is brownish black. On each side near the thigh are three
+or four perfectly round black spots, each surrounded with a white line. The under parts
+whitish.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Of this second species of a rare and remarkable genus, one specimen only
+exists in Mr. Darwin’s collection. It is only the third known instance, in the
+family of the <span class='sc'>Ranidæ</span>, of the absence of palatine teeth; the others being
+<i>Oxyglossus Lima</i> of Tschudi, and <i>Leiuperus marmoratus</i> of Bibron. The present
+genus must be considered as nearly approaching the family of the <span class='sc'>Bufonidæ</span> in
+the absence of palatine and the extreme minuteness of the maxillary teeth, in
+the extremely small gape of the mouth, the thick form of the body, the shortness
+of the limbs, and the existence of rudimentary parotid glands. I have not had
+an opportunity of comparing this specimen with those on which Bibron founded
+the genus, but I cannot doubt the specific distinction between them.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>9</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>It was found by Mr. Darwin at Port Desire, and its habitat is very remarkable.
+“It is bred in and inhabits water far too salt to drink.”</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—PYXICEPHALUS.</span> <i>Bibr.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Pyxicephalus Americanus.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVIII.—Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Lingua cordiformi; dentibus palatinis in lineâ transversâ interruptâ, inter nares
+posteriores positis; tympano celato; dorso mammillato.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This curious species has, I believe, only once before been found. A single
+specimen exists in the French Museum, which was brought from Buenos Ayres
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>by Mons. d’Orbigny, and which formed the subject of Mons. Bibron’s description.
+Mr. Darwin’s specimen was taken on the open plains at Monte Video.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Of the three species of this remarkable genus at present known, two are
+inhabitants of Africa, from whence they were brought by Delalande. As neither
+of them has as yet been figured, it was thought desirable that the present opportunity
+should be taken to exhibit some of the generic characters, and especially
+the hard horny spur on the hinder foot.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This genus is one of those bufonine forms of the <span class='sc'>Ranidæ</span> which irresistibly
+lead us to doubt the correctness of the present received arrangement of the anourous
+Amphibia.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—ALSODES.</span> <i>Bell.</i>.</h3>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Caput</span> convexum. <span class=normal>Lingua</span> anticè acutè-producta, posticè rotundata, et libera. <span class=normal>Dentes
+palatini</span> inter nares posteriores. <span class=normal>Tympanum</span> celatum. <span class=normal>Aperturæ Eustachianæ</span>
+haud conspicuæ. <span class=normal>Digiti anteriores</span> ad basin tantùm—<span class=normal>posteriores</span> usque ad phalangem
+tertium membranâ connexi.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>A genus of the Raniform group, nearly allied, as Mons. Bibron observes, to
+<i>Scaphiopus</i>, by the structure of the hands, which, although without any projecting
+rudimentary thumb, has a small process under the skin, along the extreme margin
+of the first finger. In common with the genus <i>Bombinator</i>, it has the opening
+of the Eustachian tubes so small as scarcely to be detected.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Alsodes Monticola.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVIII.—Fig. 3.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head semi-elliptical, somewhat convex, with the muzzle nearly perpendicular;
+vertex smooth. Eyes of moderate size. Nostrils very small, opening upwards. Tongue
+broad and rounded behind, narrowing to a point at the apex, detached at the posterior part.
+Palatine teeth in two small approximate patches, between the posterior nostrils. Openings of
+the Eustachian tubes scarcely visible. Extremities of moderate length. The fore feet, with
+four rather short toes, connected at the base by a short membrane; the inner toe broad, and
+with a slight projection under the skin, along its inner margin; hinder toes connected as far as
+the joint of the second and third phalanges.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The colour of the only specimen in the collection has become totally changed
+into a smoky brown by the spirit, but the following is Mr. Darwin’s description
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>of it when living: “On the centre of the back a strong tinge of grass-green,
+shading on the sides into a yellowish brown; iris coppery.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>9</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Mr. Darwin found this species “in the island of Inchy, archipelago of
+Chonos, north part of Cape Tres Montes, from the same great height as <i>Bufo
+Chilensis</i> (from 500 to 2500 feet elevation) under a stone.”</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—LITORIA.</span> <i>Bibr.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Litoria glandulosa.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XVIII.—Fig. 4.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Femoribus posticè glandulosis; digitis posticis brevitèr palmatis.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species agrees in many respects with <i>Litoria Americana</i> of Bibron. It
+differs, however, in the toes being much less palmate, at least according to the
+generic character given by that excellent naturalist, and in the existence of
+numerous thick glands on the posterior part of the thighs. The very slight
+degree to which the extremities of the toes are dilated in the other species of this
+genus, and which would at first sight lead to their allocation amongst the Raniform
+rather than the Hyliform group, is in the present species even more strongly
+exhibited; and it can scarcely be said that any dilatation exists at all.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The colours in the only specimen brought by Mr. Darwin are much obscured.
+The upper parts are apparently of an uniform brown, the under parts whitish,
+dotted with brown.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>It was taken by Mr. Darwin at Concepcion, in Chile.</p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—BATRACHYLA.</span> <i>Bell.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Lingua</span> suborbicularis, posticè libera. <span class=normal>Dentes palatini</span> in fasciculis binis obliquis
+inter nares posteriores dispositi. <span class=normal>Tympanum</span> distinctum, parvum, rotundum.
+<span class=normal>Digiti</span> depressi, ad apicem paullò dilatati, truncati. <span class=normal>Anteriores</span> ad basin tantùm—posteriores
+paulò plus palmati.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This genus, which considerably resembles <i>Hylodes</i>, is nevertheless sufficiently
+distinct from it, in the distribution of the palatine teeth, in the form of
+the dilatations of the toes, in the presence of a small palmar membrane, and
+some other points. One of the most remarkable of its characters is the form of
+the dilatation at the extremity of the toes; it is very small, transverse, truncated,
+and even a little emarginate; in this respect it must be considered as constituting
+a very near approach to the family of the <span class='sc'>Ranidæ</span>. We are unfortunately
+without any information as to the habits of the only known species
+which could throw any light upon its relations; but it is very clear that the
+dilatations of the toes are not such as to constitute it a true <i>tree-frog</i>, nor, on the
+other hand, are the connecting membranes of sufficient extent to give it the
+typical character of the swimming group of these animals.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='sc'>Batrachyla leptopus.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='sc'>Plate XVIII.—Fig. 5.</span></p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head depressed, broad, rounded. Nostrils small, placed near together. Eyes
+large, opening considerably upwards. Tongue nearly round, the posterior part free for about
+one-third of its length. Palatine teeth placed in two small oval groups, placed obliquely,
+between the posterior nostrils, separated from each other by a considerable space. Tympanum
+small, nearly round. Limbs of moderate length. The toes on all the feet depressed, slender,
+the terminal dilatation very small, transverse, truncated; those of the fore feet connected at
+the base only, those of the hinder to the union of the first and second phalanges; of those of
+the fore feet the third is the longest, then the fourth, the second, and the first; of the hinder
+the fourth is the longest, then the third and fifth equal, then the second and the first. There
+are some minute scattered glands on the posterior part of the thighs.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The only specimen in Mr. Darwin’s collection is in so bad a condition, that
+it is impossible to say with any certainty what is its natural colour. It is brown
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>above, with a lighter band across the head between the eyes, and there are traces
+of a longitudinal line down the back; the limbs are banded with brown and
+brownish yellow; the under parts are pale, dotted with brown.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found by Mr. Darwin at Valdivia.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—HYLORINA.</span> <i>Bell.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Caput</span> subrotundum planum. <span class=normal>Linguæ</span> magnâ circularis, posticè libera. <span class=normal>Dentes
+palatini</span> in lineâ transversâ, parum interruptâ, dispositi. <span class=normal>Tympanum</span> distinctum.
+<span class=normal>Digiti</span> subdepressi, ad apicem obtusi, haud expansi; anteriores ferè liberi; <span class=normal>posteriores</span>
+ad basin membranâ connexi, et marginati. <span class=normal>Femora</span> multò glandulosa.</span></i></p>
+
+<p class='c000'>A genus nearly allied to <i>Hylodes</i>, from which, however, it may at once be
+distinguished by the palmure of the hinder toes—which in <i>Hylodes</i> are entirely
+free—and by the absence of even the slightest dilatation of their extremities;
+offering another example of an osculant form between the <span class='sc'>Hylidæ</span> and the
+<span class='sc'>Ranidæ</span>.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Hylorina sylvatica.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XIX.—Fig. 1.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head broad, rounded, the anterior margin, from the nose to the lip, nearly perpendicular.
+Eyes large and prominent. Tympanum distinct, small, round. Tongue very large,
+circular, and entire, the posterior half free. Palatine teeth placed in a transverse line
+between the posterior nostrils, scarcely interrupted in the middle. Skin of the back rugose.
+Anterior feet with the toes long, rather slender, united at the base only by a very short membrane,
+with round subarticular tubercles, the apex rounded, but not presenting the slightest
+expansion. Hinder toes similarly formed, but with the connecting membrane more conspicuous,
+and extending along the sides of the toes nearly to the extremity. Thighs covered
+on the under and posterior surface with rather large and distinct glands.</p>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_19'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 19.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_19.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>C. Hullmandel Imp.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1. 1a.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Hylorina</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>syvatica.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>2. 2a.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Hyla</i></td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>agrestis.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>3. 3a.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c014'><i>Vauterii.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>The following is the description of the colouring, as given by Mr. Darwin
+from the living specimen. “Above fine grass green, mottled all over with copper
+colour, which nearly forms two longitudinal bands; beneath entirely of a lurid
+reddish lead colour. Iris brown.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>1</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>4</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>Found by Mr. Darwin in the Archipelago of Chonos (S. of Chiloe) in thick
+forests.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—HYLA.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Hyla Vauterii.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XIX. Fig. 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Linguæ subcordiformi, posticè emarginatâ. Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis binis ovalilibus,
+subcontiguis. Oculis prominentibus. Capite tam lato quam longo. Gulâ
+bi-plicatâ; suprà levitèr—infrà multùm granulosâ. Dorso fusco-griseo, punctis,
+maculis et fasciis lateralibus nigris</span></i>.</p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Hyla Vauterii.</i> Bibr. MS.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head short, thick, the sides anteriorly converging towards a nearly right angle, the
+muzzle rounded. Tongue nearly cordate, posteriorly emarginate, free for about one-fourth of
+its length. Palatine teeth in two oval fasciculi, placed nearly transversely between the posterior
+nares, and almost contiguous. Eyes prominent. Tympanum circular, rather large.
+Body plump, the sides nearly parallel for two-thirds of its length. The skin nearly smooth,
+but covered with very small inconspicuous granulations over the whole upper surface, which
+are rather more obvious on the head. The throat, the belly, and the inferior surface of the
+thighs covered with large prominent granulations. Beneath the lower jaw the granulations
+are smaller, and the under surface of the limbs excepting the thighs is quite smooth. A small
+fold of skin over the tympanum passes backwards to the arm; and beneath the throat there are
+two considerable transverse folds, one of which is before and the other immediately behind the
+arms. Fore feet, with the palms covered with small granular tubercles, and a tubercle under
+the joints of the fingers, which are connected to about one-third of their length. Hinder legs
+longer than the head and body by the whole foot and tarsus. The soles tuberculated. Toes
+rather short, palmate to half their length.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The whole of the upper parts are greyish brown, with a tinge of red, and minutely
+punctured with black. There are scattered spots of the latter colour on the back and sides,
+assuming somewhat of a longitudinal arrangement, and a broad blackish grey fascia extends
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>from the eye backwards to the arm, including the tympanum, and this fascia is bordered
+beneath by a white line. The thighs and legs are barred and spotted with black. The
+under parts are yellowish white, excepting under the lower jaw, where it is finely mottled with
+black and white.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>I received the name of this species from Mons. Bibron, who had, I believe,
+applied it to specimens in the Paris Museum. It was taken by Mr. Darwin at
+Maldonado, lurking under a stone, and at Rio Janeiro on palm-trees.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>6</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>9</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Hyla agrestis.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la">Capite brevi. Oculis subprominentibus. Tympano mediocri circulari. Lingua subrotundâ, posticè libera, anticè angustatâ. Dentibus palatinis in fasciculis binis,
+paulò separatis, ad marginem postico-interiorem narium posteriorum. Dorso granuloso.
+Gulâ plicatâ. Digitis anticis ad basin tantùm, posticis usque ad phalanges
+penultimas palmatis. Suprà viridis, lineâ albâ laterali, femoribus posticè atque
+lateribus abdominis, albis, nigro-maculatis</span></i>.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Maldonado, in grassy fields.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head short, thick, the two sides of the muzzle approaching each other at a rather
+acute angle, rounded at the extremity. Eyes rather large and prominent. Tympanum
+circular, of moderate size, and very distinct. Tongue entire, rounded, and free behind,
+narrowed, and almost angular in front. Palatine teeth in two oval parcels separated by a very
+small interval, and placed on a line with the hinder margin of the <i>posterior nares</i>; the whole of the
+back covered with extremely small granules; a slight fold or elevation of the skin commencing
+above the posterior margin of the tympanum, and extending backwards just above the arm, in
+front of which it is met by a more considerable one which crosses the throat from side to side;
+the under parts covered with large granules; fore feet with the toes palmated only at the base;
+hinder ones palmated to four-fifths of the length.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>The colour of this beautiful species is thus given by Mr. Darwin:—“Above
+emerald green, beneath white; a silvery white stripe bordered beneath with a
+very narrow black line, extends from the corner of the eye, along the side, to the
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>thigh; a smaller one at the corner of the mouth; the posterior surface of the
+hinder legs and the flanks marked with black spots. Iris gold coloured; tympanum
+brown.”</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>2</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class='c000'>The young of this species, instead of the bright green colour of the
+upper parts, is of a delicate grey with small brown markings; and a lateral
+fascia of brown, bordered above and beneath with a white line, extends from the
+fore part of the head backwards, the upper white line nearly to the thigh, the
+inferior one to the shoulder. The black spots on the flanks and thighs are but
+just visible.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species so nearly resembles the <i>Hyla pulchella</i> of Mons. Bibron, at
+least as far as his description enables me to ascertain its characters, that it was
+with some hesitation that I came to the conclusion that they are distinct.
+Exclusive, however, of the difference of colour, the back of the present species
+is granulated, and the throat still more distinctly so, whereas the other animal
+has the skin on the upper parts, as well as on the anterior part of the throat,
+quite smooth. The palatine teeth also appear to be somewhat differently
+arranged.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Mr. Darwin observes, that this species was found in numbers in the open
+grass plains, and likewise in swamps, about Maldonado, and that they can
+never ascend trees, as these are entirely wanting at the places frequented by
+the Hylæ.</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Fam.—BUFONIDÆ.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Genus—RHINODERMA.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+
+<p class='c037'><i><span lang="la"><span class=normal>Lingua</span> cordato-ovata, posticè libera et subemarginata. <span class=normal>Dentes palatini</span> nulli. <span class=normal>Tympanum</span>
+celatum. <span class=normal>Glandæ parotideæ</span> nullæ. <span class=normal>Digiti</span> breves, depressi; <span class=normal>anteriores</span>
+ad basin tantùm, <span class=normal>posteriores</span> ferè dimidio palmati. <span class=normal>Rostrum</span> cutis appendiculo
+filiformi instructum.</span></i></p>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Rhinoderma Darwinii.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XX.—Fig. 1, 2.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Suprà pallidè rufo-cinereum, fasciis transversis viridescentibus; subtus castaneonigrum,
+maculis albis.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Rhinoderma Darwinii.</i> Bibr. Hist. Nat. Rept. VIII. p. 659. <i>Var.</i> Dorso fuscescenti-nigro.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—The head and body are flattened, the head triangular, slightly truncated in front,
+but appearing angular from the skin being produced into a small filiform appendage, standing
+forwards from the extremity of the snout. The eyes are lateral, slightly prominent. Body
+very slender. Skin perfectly smooth, and without apparent glands, excepting on the thighs.
+Fore legs rather short, reaching quite to the thighs when placed by the side; the toes almost
+wholly separate, there being but the rudiment of a connecting membrane at their base. Hinder
+legs long, extending forwards beyond the head by the whole length of the foot; the hinder
+toes are connected nearly half their length, and the connecting membrane is thick and
+coloured like the rest of the skin.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The colour varies greatly in different individuals. The following are the principal
+variations in the specimens collected by Mr. Darwin. Above pale iron rust-colour, with a
+transverse fascia across the head, a triangular one over the shoulders, a large broad mark on the
+loins, and the upper part of the thighs all of a bright beautiful green. The under side anteriorly
+rich chestnut-brown, passing into black posteriorly, with several irregular snow-white
+spots, particularly a broad one across the belly, and white bands across the legs. Another
+specimen was cream colour above, the markings darker, and with small spots of green. In one
+the chestnut colour beneath was replaced by bright yellow. There is one, constituting a
+very distinct variety, in which the upper part is wholly and almost uniformly dark brown.
+The female is greenish grey above, without conspicuous markings.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>This is the only known species of the genus, which was founded by Mons.
+Bibron upon the specimens collected by Mr. Darwin. The general slightness
+and elegance of its form, and its slender proportions, would lead us to consider it
+at first sight as rather belonging to the <i>Ranidæ</i> than the <i>Bufonidæ</i>; but the total
+absence of teeth in the upper maxillary arch, shews that its proper place is in the
+latter group. Its form and the length of the posterior extremities would also prepare
+us to expect that it can leap freely, which Mr. Darwin states to be the fact.
+It inhabits thick and gloomy forests, and is excessively common in the forest of
+Valdivia.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>4</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='section'>
+
+<div class='c028'><a id='plate_20'></a><i>Reptiles. Plate 20.</i></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class='figcenter id001'>
+<img src='images/plate_20.jpg' alt='' class='ig001'>
+<div class='ic001'>
+<p><i>Drawn from Nature on stone by B. Waterhouse Hawkins.</i><br> <i>Printed by C. Hullmandel.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>1. 2.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Rhinoderma Darwinii.</i></td>
+ <td class='c029 bbt' rowspan='3'><i>Nat. Size.</i></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>3. 4. 5.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Phryniscus nigricans.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'><i>6.</i></td>
+ <td class='c013'><i>Uperodon. ornatum.</i></td>
+
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div>
+ <span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>
+ <h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Bufo Chilensis.</span> <i>Bibr.</i></h3>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c039'>Of this species, which has been described under different names by many
+naturalists, and the synonymy of which has only lately been cleared up by
+Mons. Bibron, there exist numerous specimens in the collection of Mr. Darwin,
+who found it at Buenos Ayres, and also in the Archipelago of Chonos, on the
+west coast of South America. It is certainly remarkable that the same
+species should be found on the opposite sides of the Continent; but on a careful
+examination I do not find any specific distinctions between the specimens from
+the different localities. The Prince de Wied has described it as found at Brazil,
+under the name of <i>Bufo cinctus</i>, and it is also well known as having been repeatedly
+procured in Peru and in Chile; but Mons. Bibron has in his work considered
+them all as belonging to but one species. The following account of its
+habits as given by Mr. Darwin is very curious and interesting:—“These Toads
+are exceedingly abundant all over the treeless damp mountains of granite,
+crawling about, and eating during the daytime, and making a noise similar to
+that which is commonly used in England to quicken horses. Many of them on
+being touched close their eyes, arch their back, and draw up their legs (as if the
+spinal marrow was divided), probably as an artifice. They are remarkable from
+their curious manner of running like the Natter Jack of England; they scarcely
+ever jump, neither do they crawl like a toad, but run very quickly. Their bright
+colours give them a very strange appearance. They abound at an elevation of
+500 to 2500 feet.”</p>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—PHRYNISCUS.</span><br> <span class='sc'>Phryniscus nigricans.</span> <i>Weigm.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XX.—Fig. 3, 4, 5.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Dorso granuloso, scabriusculo. Pedibus posticis subpalmatis. Corpore membrisque
+nigris, abdomine maculâ magnâ transversâ ad partem posteriorem et maculâ rotunda
+utrinque medium versus, palmis atque plantis, omnibus coccineis.</span></i></p>
+
+<div class='lg-container-b c020'>
+ <div class='linegroup'>
+ <div class='group'>
+ <div class='line'><i>Phryniscus nigricans.</i> Weigm. Nov. Act. Leop. XVII. p. 264. Bibr. Hist. Rept. VIII. p. 723.</div>
+ <div class='line'><i>Chaunus formosus.</i> Tschudi Classif. Batrach.</div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat, Maldonado and Bahia Blanca.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>This curious little species has been described by Weigman under the
+present name,—by Tschudi under the generic name of <i>Chaunus</i>, and fully by
+Bibron, who retained the name originally given to it by Weigman. It now
+remains only to correct, from Mr. Darwin’s notes, some points respecting the
+colours, which had been mis-stated in consequence of the action of the spirit in
+which the specimen had been preserved. The colour of this curious miniature
+representation of a Toad, is “ink black,” excepting the palms and soles of the
+feet, a large transverse spot across the posterior part of the abdomen, two smaller
+ones near the middle, and in some specimens a few scattered little spots, all of
+the most intense vermilion red. There is one specimen from Bahia Blanca which
+has also some small “buff-orange” spots on the upper part.<a id='r4'></a><a href='#f4' class='c031'><sup>[4]</sup></a> Mr. Darwin observes
+that “the appearance of the vermilion colour is as if the animal had
+crawled over a newly painted board;” and he adds—“This Toad inhabits the
+most dry and sandy plains of Bahia Blanca, where there is no appearance of
+water ever lodging.” The other specimens were taken at Maldonado, where
+it inhabits the sand-dunes near the coast. Mr. Darwin threw one into a pool of
+fresh-water, but he found it could hardly swim, and he thinks, if unassisted, it
+would have been soon drowned.</p>
+
+<div class='footnote' id='f4'>
+<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r4'>4</a>.&#160;&#160;</span>This specimen from Bahia Blanca has a much smoother skin than the others; but from its similarity in all
+other characters there can be no doubt of its specific identity with them.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c000'>This species is diurnal in its habits, and may be daily seen under a scorching
+sun, crawling over the parched and loose sand. M. D’Orbigny brought specimens
+from Monte Video.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr><th class='c023' colspan='4'>DIMENSIONS.</th></tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'></td>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <th class='c024'>Inches.</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Lines.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>Length</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the head and body</td>
+ <td class='c026'>1</td>
+ <td class='c010'>0</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the anterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>5</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c009'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c009'>of the posterior extremities</td>
+ <td class='c026'>0</td>
+ <td class='c010'>8</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<h3 class='c018'><span class='sc'>Genus—UPERODON.</span> <i>Bibr.</i><br> <span class='sc'>Uperodon Onatum.</span> <i>Mihi.</i></h3>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c002'>
+ <div><span class='sc'>Plate XX.—Fig. 6.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<p class='c027'><i><span lang="la">Capite multò latiore quam longiore. Dorso olivaceo, maculis fuscis, albo marginatis</span></i>.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>Habitat Buenos Ayres.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Description.</span>—Head more than half as broad again as it is long, and equal in breadth to half the
+entire length of the head and body. Muzzle rounded. Nostrils oval, opening upwards and a
+<span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>little outwards. Eyes rather large, the upper eyelids forming perfect flaps, which entirely
+cover the eyes. Body rounded, very broad. The shoulders and thighs wholly concealed by
+the skin of the body. Limbs very short. The anterior feet very broad. The toes somewhat
+depressed, very short, bordered with a fold of skin. Hinder feet with the toes more depressed
+and more distinctly bordered. Back covered with small glands.</p>
+
+<p class='c021'><span class='sc'>Colour.</span>—The colour of the upper surface is dark olive, becoming lighter at the sides, and having
+numerous dark brown spots, which are round, oval, elliptical, or irregular, of very various sizes,
+placed somewhat symmetrically, and each bordered with a whitish or yellow line. Beneath
+pale, excepting the throat, which is black.</p>
+
+<p class='c000'>I have ventured to consider this remarkable amphibian as specifically distinct
+from <i>U. marmoratum</i> of Bibron; a conclusion to which I have been almost imperatively
+led, by the fact of its inhabiting a different hemisphere from all known specimens
+of that species. The other was found by M. Leschenault in the interior of
+the peninsula of India: the specimen from which the present description is taken
+was obtained by Mr. Darwin at Buenos Ayres. Notwithstanding the similarity of
+the two species, which is so great as to have led Mons. Bibron to consider them as
+identical, I could not assent to such an anomaly as the existence of an animal, at
+once so rare and possessed of such limited powers of locomotion, in two regions
+so widely remote. I have not the opportunity of comparing the specimens of
+the former species with the present, but, even from Mons. Bibron’s description, I
+believe that I can discover sufficient discrepancies between the animals, to bear
+me out in the view I have taken. These discrepancies I venture to place in the
+following tabular view, and leave zoologists to form their own conclusions.</p>
+
+<table class='table2'>
+ <tr>
+ <th class='c013'>UPERODON MARMORATUM.</th>
+ <th class='c014'>UPERODON ORNATUM.</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'>“<span lang="fr">La tête offre en arrière une largeur à peu près égale à son longueur totale, laquelle entre pour le quart environ dans l’étendue de l’animal.</span>”</td>
+ <td class='c014'>Head fully half as broad again as it is long, and equal in breadth to half the total length of the animal.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'>“<span lang="fr">On pourrait considérer la peau comme étant parfaitement lisse, si l’on ne voyait éparses sur le dessus du tronc un certain nombre de verrues glanduleuses d’un assez grand diamètre relativement à la grosseur de l’animal, mais fort peu saillantes ou à peine convexes.</span>”</td>
+ <td class='c014'>Back covered with numerous <i>small</i> glandular tubercles, notably elevated.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'>&#160;</td>
+ <td class='c014'>&#160;</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c013'>“<span lang="fr">Les parties supérieures de ce Batracien présentent sur un fond olivâtre, d’énormes taches brunes, <i>toutes confluentes, ou s’anastomosant diversement</i>.</span>”<a id='r5'></a><a href='#f5' class='c031'><sup>[5]</sup></a></td>
+ <td class='c014'>All the spots on the back are quite distinct, not in any way passing into each other or connected, and each encircled by a white line.</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class='footnote' id='f5'>
+<p class='c000'><span class='label'><a href='#r5'>5</a>.&#160;&#160;</span>Bibr. Rept. VIII. p. 749.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c003'>
+ <div><span class='small'><span class='sc'>London</span>:</span></div>
+ <div><span class='small'>Printed by <span class='sc'>Stewart</span> and <span class='sc'>Murray</span>,</span></div>
+ <div><span class='small'>Old Bailey.</span></div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='pbb'>
+ <hr class='pb c002'>
+</div>
+<div class='tnotes x-ebookmaker'>
+
+<div class='chapter ph2'>
+
+<div class='nf-center-c1'>
+<div class='nf-center c004'>
+ <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<table class='table0'>
+ <tr>
+ <th class='c024'>Page</th>
+ <th class='c024'>Changed from</th>
+ <th class='c025'>Changed to</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class='c026'><a href='#t16'>16</a></td>
+ <td class='c013'>minutè granulato. Seriebus duabas squamarum supralabialium. Femorum facie</td>
+ <td class='c014'>minutè granulato. Seriebus duabus squamarum supralabialium. Femorum facie</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+ <ul class='ul_1'>
+ <li>Fixed typos; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.
+
+ </li>
+ <li>Renumbered footnotes.
+
+ </li>
+ <li>Corrected the issues mentioned in the <a href='#Errata'>Errata</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+</div>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 79041 ***</div>
+</body>
+<!-- created with ppgen.py 3.57i (with regex) on 2026-05-22 21:53:07 GMT -->
+</html>
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+This book, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+[Project Gutenberg](https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for eBook [#79041](https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/79041)
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2026-08-11 16:13:11 +0000