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diff --git a/78830-0.txt b/78830-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2660c3e --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2559 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 *** + + + + +UNIFORM EDITIONS + + +RUDDER ~ON~ SERIES + +_Bound in blue buckram and gold, 32mo, illustrated_ + + ON YACHTS AND YACHT HANDLING. By Thomas Fleming Day. Price $1. + + ON MARINE MOTORS AND MOTOR LAUNCHES. By E. W. Roberts, M. E. Price $1. + + ON YACHT ETIQUETTE. Second Edition Revised. By Captain Howard + Patterson. Price $1. + + SOUTHWARD BY THE INSIDE ROUTE. Reprint from THE RUDDER. + + +RUDDER ~HOW-TO~ SERIES + +_Bound in blue buckram and gold, 8vo, illustrated_ + + HOW TO BUILD A SKIPJACK. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A RACER FOR $50. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A MOTOR LAUNCH. By Chas. D. Mower. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A KNOCKABOUT. By Chas. D. Mower. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A RACING SLOOP. By Chas. D. Mower. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A SHOAL-DRAUGHT SLOOP. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A FLATTIE OR SHARPIE. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A MODEL YACHT. By Herbert Fisher. Price $1. + + + + +On +Yacht Etiquette: + +WHAT TO DO, AND HOW TO DO IT. COURTESIES, +DISCIPLINE, CEREMONIES AND ROUTINE FOR +ANY AND ALL CIRCUMSTANCES. +DUTIES OF OFFICERS, ETC. + +BY +CAPTAIN HOWARD PATTERSON, + +_Principal of the New York Nautical College, +Formerly Commander of the New York School Ship “St. Mary’s”, +Master of Various Sail and Steam Yachts, +and Admiral of the Haytien Navy._ + +AUTHOR OF + +_The Navigator’s Pocket Book_; _Yachting Under American Statute_; _The +Illustrated Nautical Encyclopedia_; _The Yachtsman’s Kedge Anchor_; +_Yacht Sails_; _Hand Book for Masters and Mates_, _etc._ + +REVISED EDITION. + +NEW YORK AND LONDON; +THE RUDDER PUBLISHING COMPANY + +1903 + + + + +COPYRIGHT, 1903, + +BY + +CAPTAIN HOWARD PATTERSON + + PRESS OF + THOMSON & CO. + 9 MURRAY ST., + NEW YORK. + + + + + TO + + HOWARD GOULD, ESQ., + (NEW YORK YACHT CLUB) + + THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY HIS FRIEND, + THE AUTHOR. + + + + +PREFACE + + +It is to be understood that the owner of the yacht is styled as +“Captain” throughout this treatise, and it is eminently proper that +this should be, as the Government prescribes that the owner of a yacht +is entitled to take out her custom house and other papers as the lawful +and legalized “Master” of his vessel. + +It being impracticable to follow out naval rules strictly in the +matter of salutes, courtesies, ceremonies, etc., a modification of the +same has been arranged which will cover the requirements of yachting +and contribute dignity to such observances as are called for in the +foregoing. + +As stated under the head of “Duties and Responsibilities of Officers” +the rules and regulations laid down specially refer to the larger class +of steam yachts, but it is explained that these laws may be modified to +apply to smaller classes of pleasure vessels. + + + + +CONTENTS + + +COLORS IN GENERAL 11 + +SPECIAL LIGHTS 27 + +OFFICIAL CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES 29 + +SALUTES IN GENERAL 41 + +BOAT SERVICE 47 + +GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT 56 + +DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OFFICERS 65 + +SYNOPSIS OF U. S. YACHTING LAWS 82 + + + + +_YACHT ETIQUETTE_ + +[Illustration: RUDDER STATION FLAG] + + + + +COLORS IN GENERAL. + + + DETAILS CONCERNING YACHT FLAGS, AND HOW THEY ARE USED. + +The pennant is a triangular shaped flag, and is used for the club +burgee. The swallowtail is used for the captain’s (owner’s) private +signal. The rectangular flag is used principally for flag officers’ +distinguishing flags. The shape of the bunting will generally signify +whether the flag is that of the club, of a flag officer or of a +captain. The bunting used for flag officers’ distinguishing flags is +colored--blue for commodore, red for vice-commodore, and white for +rear-commodore. + +[Illustration: CLUB BURGEE] + +[Illustration: PRIVATE SIGNAL] + +[Illustration: COMMODORE’S FLAG] + + + TIME TO MAKE COLORS--PLACE TO DISPLAY SAME. + +When at anchor or underway, the ensign and colors of a yacht in +commission should be hoisted at 8 A. M. and kept flying until sunset +(local time). This does not apply to a flag officer, who should display +his official flag continuously (day and night) while in commission. +When at anchor the ensign is hoisted on the flagpole at the stern of +both steam and sail yachts, and when underway it is hoisted to the +after gaff-end on sailing vessels; but is retained on the pole in +the case of steam yachts, although it may be hoisted to the gaff-end +if desired. The burgee should be hoisted to the foretopmast head on +schooners, and the private signal at the maintopmast. In the case of +yawls, the ensign may be hoisted to the mizzenmast head, both when at +anchor and when underway, and the burgee may be hoisted to the mainmast +head when at anchor and the private flag when underway, the same as on +cutters, sloops and chief officers, or the yawl may be considered as +a schooner and the bunting displayed as for the latter vessel. In the +case of a launch the burgee should be flown from the bow pole. Flag +officers’ signals should be flown from the truck of a cutter, sloop or +catboat, the main truck of a schooner, yawl or steamer, and the bow +pole of a launch. The church pennant is hoisted over the ensign during +divine service. (See “Colors to be Flown in Yacht’s Boats.”) + +[Illustration: YACHT ENSIGN] + +[Illustration: CHURCH FLAG] + + + SENIOR OFFICER PRESENT TO GIVE THE TIME FOR COLORS AND SUNSET. + +The time for making colors and sunset should be taken from the senior +officer’s yacht present, whether he is on board or not, and the only +gun fired for colors and sunset should be the one on such senior’s +yacht. + + + AT ANCHOR WITH NAVAL VESSEL OR OFF A NAVAL STATION. + +When a yacht is in company with a vessel of her own navy, or at anchor +off a naval station, she should regulate the time for colors and sunset +to such vessel or station. + + + VISITING HOME WATERS OF ANOTHER YACHT CLUB. + +Yachts visiting the home waters of another club (provided such waters +are other than their own) should take their time for colors and sunset +from the yacht of the senior officer of such club present. + + + ENTERING OR LEAVING PORT BEFORE COLORS OR AFTER SUNSET. + +When a yacht enters port in the morning before colors are made, or in +the evening after sunset, her ensign, club burgee and private signal +should be displayed and kept flying until the yacht comes to anchor, +when they should be hauled down--provided there be sufficient light for +the colors to be recognized. + + + NIGHT PENNANT. + +During the night (between sunset and colors) the yacht should fly a +night pennant at the maintopmast head, or in the case of a three-mast +vessel, at the mizzenmast head--except in the case of flag officers. + + + ABSENT FLAG. + +During the absence of the captain from the yacht, a blue rectangular +flag (called Absent Flag) should be kept flying from daylight until +dark at the starboard main spreader of a fore-and-aft vessel, or on the +starboard main-yard arm of a square-rigged vessel. The private signal +(or flag officer’s pennant), however, is to be kept flying, whether the +captain is on board or not. + +[Illustration: ABSENCE FLAG] + + + SINGLE STICKERS--WHERE, WHEN AND HOW TO FLY BURGEE AND PRIVATE SIGNAL. + +Single-masted vessels should not fly the private signal on the same +halliards as the club burgee. When at anchor the club burgee should be +displayed, and when underway the private signal, except when on the +annual cruise of the club, when the club burgee should be flown both at +anchor and underway. + + + MEAL PENNANTS. + +Meal Pennants may be hoisted during hours when the colors are not +displayed. + +During the meal hours of the captain, when the yacht is at anchor, a +white rectangular flag should be flown at the starboard main spreader, +and when same is exhibited, guests are politely debarred. During the +meal hours of the crew a red pennant should be flown from the port +fore spreader, and at such times boat crews should not be called away +unnecessarily. Of course, on a “single-sticker” the white flag and red +meal pennant must both be flown from the same mast, but they will be +exhibited on their proper sides. After dark a white light should be +shown from the starboard main spreader to indicate that the captain is +at dinner. Meal flags should not be flown when the yacht is underway. +In a square-rigged yacht the captain’s meal pennant should be flown +from the starboard main yard arm, and the crew’s meal pennant at the +port fore yard arm. (See Dinner Light.) + +[Illustration: OWNER’S MEAL FLAG] + +[Illustration: CREW’S MEAL FLAG] + + + COLORS TO BE FLOWN IN YACHT’S BOATS. + +The yacht’s gig, launch, etc., when brought to the gangway or when +away from the yacht, shall display the ensign at the stern. While the +captain is in the boat, the private signal should be displayed at the +bow. If a club member is in the boat without the captain, a club burgee +should be displayed at the bow. + + + ENSIGN TO BE EXHIBITED WHEN PASSING NAVAL VESSELS, LIGHTHOUSES, + MILITARY POSTS, ETC. + +The yacht ensign should be exhibited when at sea on falling in with +naval vessels, or when approaching lightships, lighthouses, signal +stations and military posts. + + + FLAG OFFICER’S PENNANT. + +Flag officers fly a pennant at the main on yachts and on the forward +flagstaff of gigs, to distinguish their rank. These pennants take the +place of the yacht’s private signal. + + + YACHT SHORT-HANDED. + +If the yacht is short-handed, two flags may be bent on to the same set +of halliards, so that while one flag is being sent aloft the other may +be coming down. + + + BURGEE AND PRIVATE SIGNAL MAY BE BROKEN OUT. + +The club burgee and private signal may be “made up” and mast-headed +previous to colors, and “broken out” when the signal for colors is +given, but the ensign should never be made up and broken out. + + + COLORS TO BE WELL HOISTED. + +Daylight should never show between the head of a flag and the truck. + + + MASTLESS YACHTS. + +On mastless yachts the colors are exhibited on staffs placed forward +and aft. + + + NATIONAL MOURNING. + +On occasions of national mourning the ensign should be half-masted, but +the burgee and private signal should be kept mast-headed, unless the +official was a member of the club whose flag you are flying, in which +case the club burgee should be half-masted. + + + DEATH OF CAPTAIN. + +In the event of the death of the captain on shore, both the club burgee +and private signal of his yacht should be kept half-masted from colors +until sunset on the day of his funeral, but the ensign should be kept +fully hoisted during the same time. If, on the other hand, the death +should occur on board while the yacht is in port, then the ensign also +should be half-masted as soon as the body leaves the vessel for the +shore, and the ensign should be kept so flying until sunset of the +same day. Should the burial of the Captain take place at sea, then +the ensign of the vessel and the captain’s private signal should be +displayed at half-mast at the commencement of the ceremony and kept +flying until its conclusion, when the ensign and private signal should +be hauled down. + + + DEATH OF FLAG OFFICER. + +On the occasion of the death of a flag officer while his yacht is +in port, his pennant should be hauled down at sunset on the day of +his funeral, and should not be again hoisted--the yacht’s private +signal taking its place. If the funeral takes place at sea, then the +pennant should be hauled down with the ensign at the conclusion of the +ceremonies. + + + DEATH OF CLUB MEMBER. + +When mourning is ordered for the death of a club member, the burgee +only is half-masted, and this should be observed whether underway or at +anchor. + + + HOW TO HALF-MAST COLORS. + +The ensign, burgee and private signal (also flag officer’s pennant) +should always be mast-headed before they are half-masted. + + + SALUTING WITH ENSIGN AT HALF-MAST. + +Whenever it becomes necessary to salute with the ensign while it is +flying at half-mast, it must be mast-headed before it is dipped, and +mast-headed again before it is half-masted after the salute. + + + HAULING DOWN HALF-MAST COLORS. + +Before hauling down half-masted colors, always mast-head them first. + + + DEATH OF ONE OF THE CREW. + +In the event of the death of the Sailing-Master, mate, or other +officer, or one of the crew at sea, the ensign of the yacht should be +half-masted during the funeral ceremony. Should the death of one of the +above occur on board while the yacht is in port, then the ensign should +be half-masted from the time that the body leaves the yacht until the +return of the boat that conveyed the body to the shore. + + + PERMISSION TO HALF-MAST COLORS TO BE OBTAINED. + +No yacht of a fleet other than that of the senior officer present +should ever half-mast her colors until permission to do so has been +obtained. + + + HOURS FOR HALF-MASTING COLORS. + +Funeral honors in the way of half-masting colors should not be paid +before sunrise nor after sunset. + + + BOAT ENGAGED IN FUNERAL CEREMONY. + +When a boat is engaged in funeral ceremonies in conveying a body to the +shore, the ensign in the stern should be kept half-masted until the +body is landed. + + + MAKING COLORS. + +About five minutes before colors, have the club and private signals, +night pennant and ensign halliards manned, the boat-boom guys tended, +and a hand stationed at the ship’s bell. As soon as the signal is given +for colors, call: “Strike eight bells and hoist away!” At this instant +swing out the boat booms, haul down the night pennant, and send aloft +the bunting. The flags may be sent up in stops before eight bells, and +broken out on the first stroke of the bell, but the ensign should never +be broken out, and should be hoisted slowly. + + + MAKING SUNSET. + +About fifteen minutes before the time given for sunset, have the anchor +light, gangway light, and signal light or lights all ready, the boats +either hoisted or dropped astern, and the night pennant bent on. About +five minutes before sunset, station the men at the boom guys, club +and private signals and ensign halliards, anchor-light whip, gangway +light, and, if a flagship, the distinguishing lights. If you are the +flagship you will also have a gunner stationed at the offshore gun, +and wait, watch in hand (care should be observed to have it on correct +local time), for the time given for sunset. But if you are taking time +from another vessel, or from the shore, the time need not concern you; +simply await the sunset signal; then call, “Haul down!” At this instant +let go the forward boat-boom guys and swing the booms in. Observe that +the club, private signal, and ensign are hauled down (the two former +preserving the same height to one another until they reach the deck) +and that the night pennant and anchor light go aloft as soon as the +order to haul down is given. Arrange the gangway lights, and make the +bunting up neatly and stow it away in the flag locker. If the boats are +riding astern, give them a short painter to prevent them from being +run over by vessels coming in to anchor, or passing under your stern, +and never allow a boat to ride astern without a white light in same. +If boat booms remain swung out, they should have a white light at the +outboard end. + + + DAY SIGNALS FOR PILOTS. + +The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when displayed together or +separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot, in the day +time: 1st, To be hoisted at the fore, the Jack or other national +color usually worn by merchant ships, having round it a white border +one-fifth of the breadth of the flag; or, 2d, The International Code +Pilotage Signal, indicated by Flag “S.”. + + + NIGHT SIGNALS FOR PILOTS. + +The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when used or displayed +together, or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot, in +the nighttime; 1st, The pyrotechnic light, commonly known as a blue +light, every fifteen minutes; or, 2d, a bright white light, flashed or +shown at short intervals, just above the bulwarks, for about a minute +at a time. + + + SIGNAL FOR TOWING-BOAT. + +The signal for a towing-boat is made by setting the ensign in the main +rigging a little above the deck. + + + DRESSING SHIP. + +The prettiest mode of dressing a ship with flags is to make an arch of +them from the jib-boom end to the foretopmast head, thence across to +the maintopmast head, and down to the main boom end, allowing two or +more flags to hang down under the jib-boom end and the main boom end +respectively, with a lead attached to the end of each line to keep the +flags from flying around. Hoisted to the trucks, by the regular signal +halliards, should be the ensign Jack, or the flags of the nation in +whose port the ship is lying, or the distinguishing flags of the person +whom it is desired to honor. The arch of flags should be hoisted so as +to give the former flags room to display themselves. Have blocks at the +topmast heads for the fore-and-aft strings of arch flags, and hoist the +flags to them by means of a whip. The flying jib halliards will do +to hoist the foremost part of the arch (from the jib-boom end to the +foretopmast head). Care should be taken and taste must be exercised in +selecting and placing the flags, and rectangular flags should alternate +with pennants. Reeve off the three arch halliards and measure the +distance in the three clear parts, by marking the halliards so that +you will know what length of flags to bend on, and thus avoid the +inconvenience and annoyance of sending the string on deck after they +have once been hoisted, for the purpose of alterations. In addition +to stopping the flags to the halliards on the head and tack, take a +couple of stitches to the halliards about midway. The Jack should be +hoisted on the Jack-staff on the bowsprit. In reeving off the halliards +for the span between the fore and maintopmast heads, let the ends (or +hauling parts) lead through single blocks and down alongside of the +fore and main masts, respectively, bending the flags on to the bight, +and trice up by the two parts, manned at the same time that the flags +are sent aloft. At sunset come up with your outhauls, and the forward +and after strings of flags will come inboard, and can then be lowered +away. Just before “colors” send the two mast-head ensigns aloft “made +up.” When the signal is made, hoist away on the arch halliards, and, +at the instant the flags reach home, “break out” the ensign and the +Jack. Pennants and square flags should be bent on alternately. Another +mode of dressing ship is by “up-and-down” flags--that is, by flying +a string of flags from each topmast head to the deck. Flag officers’ +pennants and burgees should not be used in dressing ship, nor should +the ensign of any foreign nation be displayed, except it is desired to +compliment such nation, when it should be flown from the main truck. +When a yacht is dressed all her lowered boats should fly the ensign, +whether underway or riding to the boat booms. On special occasions a +steam yacht underway, or a sailing yacht being towed, may dress ship. + +[Illustration: UNION JACK] + + + COMMODORE OF A CLUB ON A CRUISE WITH ANOTHER CLUB IN WHICH HE IS A + MEMBER. + +In such an event the Commodore should not fly his rank flag, but should +fly the club flag of the cruising club, and should also fly his private +signal, so as not to exhibit evidence of his flag rank in any way. In +other words, he should act simply as a Captain during the cruise, or +while he remains with the squadron. When at anchor with the squadron +at night, he should display only the Captain’s light, the same as the +other Captains, and never, under any circumstances, show Commodore’s +lights. + + + FLAG OFFICER OF A CLUB ENTERING HARBOR OF ANOTHER CLUB IN WHICH HE IS + A MEMBER. + +In this case circumstances govern. Should the Commodore enter said +harbor, either alone or while on a cruise with his squadron, he should +fly his Commodore’s pennant and club flag; but if he is cruising +independently, after relegating his command to his junior, and is at +anchor in the harbor of a yacht club to which he belongs, then, if he +elects to fly the latter’s club flag, he should do so together with his +private signal; but he should not fly his Commodore’s pennant with a +club flag other than that of which he is Commodore. + + + USE OF COMMODORE’S PRIVATE SIGNAL. + +The Commodore’s private signal should be used only on such occasions as +he does not fly his Commodore’s pennant--cruising with another club in +which he is a member, etc. + + + COMMODORE’S PENNANT NIGHT AND DAY. + +The Commodore’s flag shall not be hauled down at sunset, but shall be +flown day and night. Should it be desired to substitute an old pennant +for service during the night, then send aloft the old pennant made up, +and break it out before commencing to lower the other. Of course, +this requires two sets of halliards, which should always be rove on a +flagship. + + + THE JACK--WHEN DISPLAYED. + +The Jack should be set on Sundays, also on all occasions of ceremony, +the same being flown from a staff on the bowsprit. Wash clothes should +not be hung up when the Jack is exhibited. + + + + +SPECIAL LIGHTS. + + + COMMODORE’S LIGHTS. + +Between sunset and colors, when in harbor, the Commodore shows two blue +lights in globular lanterns suspended perpendicularly at the after +gaff-end, or on the flagpole at the stern. + + + VICE-COMMODORE’S LIGHTS. + +The Vice-Commodore shows the same number of lights as the Commodore, +and in the same place, but the color is red. + + + REAR-COMMODORE’S LIGHTS. + +The Rear-Commodore also shows the same number of lights and in the same +place as prescribed for the Commodore, but the color is white. + + + ABSENT LIGHT. + +At night a blue lantern should be substituted for the blue absent flag, +and hoisted at the starboard main spreader or yard arm. + + + DINNER LIGHT. + +A white light hung at the starboard main spreader or yardarm after +sunset has the same significance as the white meal pennant. + + + WHITE LANTERNS UNDER THE BOOM. + +These are used for illuminating the after deck and have no official +significance. + + + + +OFFICIAL CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES. + + + QUARTER-DECK TO BE SALUTED. + +The quarter-deck should always be saluted by officers and men, by +touching or raising the cap, upon coming over the gangway when boarding +or leaving their own or another yacht, or a naval vessel. + + + YACHT JOINING A SQUADRON MUST REPORT. + +When joining a squadron, a yacht must report to the commanding officer +of the squadron, by the owner of said yacht visiting in person the +flag officer in charge, and a yacht should never part company with the +squadron without receiving permission so to do. + + + SENIOR OFFICER TO RETURN SALUTES AND VISITS. + +The senior officer present is in command of all the yachts at the +anchorage that are flying the burgee of the club he represents, and it +is his duty to make and return salutes and visits. + + + SENIOR OFFICER TO TENDER CIVILITIES TO VISITING YACHT--CAPTAIN OF + VISITING YACHT TO PAY RESPECTS IN PERSON. + +When a yacht visits the home waters of another club, and after salutes +have been exchanged, the senior officer present representing such home +club should send to the visiting yacht a tender of the civilities of +the club, after which the Captain of the visiting yacht should pay his +respects in person to the commanding officer of the anchorage. + + + RECEPTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. + +The President of the United States should be received at the gangway +of the yacht by the commanding officer of such, and should be piped +over the side by the boatswain--the crew being drawn up in line on +the port side of the deck. As the President reaches the deck, the +President’s flag should be broken out at the main-topmast-head, and +one gun fired from the yacht in salute to same, while the Captain, +officers and crew should raise their caps in salute. When the President +leaves, the crew should be stationed as before, and the Captain should +escort the President to the gangway, where the Boatswain should be +stationed as before, to blow the pipe and raise his cap, together with +the crew, as the President reaches the rail. One gun should be fired +and the President’s flag hauled down as soon as the boat conveying the +President shoves off from the yacht’s side. Provided the President +embarks in one of the yacht’s boats, his flag should be carried on +the flagpole in the bows of the boat, while the President is in it, +and the yacht’s ensign should be carried at the stern, as usual. The +Sailing-Master of the yacht should be detailed to take charge of the +yacht’s boat that carries the President. The Captain’s gig should +always be the boat employed in transporting guests whom it is desired +to specially honor. + + + RECEPTION OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. + +The Vice-President of the United States should receive the same honors +as prescribed for the President, except that the national flag should +be substituted for the President’s flag and only one salute fired, +which should take place when the Vice-President leaves. A small +national flag should be carried on the flagstaff in the bows of the +yacht’s boat while conveying the Vice-President. + + + RECEPTION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. + +The Secretary of the Navy of the United States should receive the +same honors as prescribed for the Vice-President, substituting the +distinguishing flag of the Secretary. + + + RECEPTION OF OTHER CABINET OFFICERS. + +Other Cabinet officers should receive the same honors as prescribed for +the Secretary of the Navy, except that there is no distinguishing or +special bunting to be used. + + + RECEPTION OF THE GOVERNOR OF A STATE. + +The Governor of a State should be received with the same honors as +prescribed for the Vice-President, except that the flag of his State +should be substituted, both at the main-topmast-head and in the bows of +the yacht’s boats. + + + RECEPTION OF A FOREIGN SOVEREIGN. + +A foreign sovereign or the chief magistrate of any foreign country +should be received on board with the same honors as prescribed for the +President of the United States, except that the flag of his country +should be substituted. + + + RECEPTION OF A MEMBER OF A ROYAL FAMILY. + +A member of a royal family should receive the same honors as prescribed +for their sovereign, except that only one salute be fired, which should +take place at the time the honored guest leaves the yacht. + + + RECEPTION OF NAVAL AND ARMY OFFICERS. + +A naval or army officer should be received at the gangway of the yacht +by the Captain, and should be piped over the side by the Boatswain, +who should stand alongside the gangway and keep his cap lifted while +blowing his pipe. Upon leaving, the Captain should escort his guest +to the gangway and should observe that the Boatswain is stationed +as before to wind his call as the officer goes over the yacht’s +side. If the naval or army officer is of the rank of Commodore or +Lieutenant-Colonel, or higher, a gun may be fired after the boat +containing the guest has shoved off from the yacht’s side. Provided the +yacht’s boat is used by the guest, one of the yacht’s deck officers +should be sent in charge of same. + + + RECEPTION OF MEMBERS OF THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. + +Members of the Diplomatic Corps of the rank of Minister should be given +the same honors as prescribed for Cabinet officers, and if below the +rank of Minister, they should be given the same honors as prescribed +for naval and army officers. + + + RECEPTION OF OTHER OFFICIALS. + +Other high officials not mentioned in the foregoing may have such +honors accorded them in visiting the yachts as may be consistent with +the rules laid down. + + + RECEPTION OF FLAG OFFICERS. + +Refer to “Salutes in General,” next chapter. + + + CEREMONY OF PUTTING A YACHT IN COMMISSION. + +The ceremony of putting a yacht in commission is exceedingly simple. +As a rule, this takes place as soon as the yacht is in proper +sailing trim--that is, when the bright woodwork, etc., is scraped +and varnished, standing rigging set up, running rigging rove off, +decks cleaned, sails bent, etc. The officers and men appear on deck, +in uniform, and the club burgee and the Captain’s private signal are +“made up” and hoisted to their respective trucks; then the Captain +(the Sailing-Master may be authorized to act in the former’s place) +addresses the Sailing-Master: “Mr. ----, I declare the yacht ‘----’ +in commission.” When this is said, the Sailing-Master orders the +burgee and private signal to be “broken out” and the yacht ensign +hoisted--this consummates the putting of the yacht in commission. + + + CEREMONY OF PUTTING THE YACHT OUT OF COMMISSION. + +The ceremony of going out of commission consists simply of the +following: Before the unbending of sail or the dismantling of the yacht +in any way, the crew appear on deck in uniform, and the club burgee, +private signal and ensign halliards are manned. The owner addresses +the Sailing-Master: “Mr. ----, I declare the yacht ‘----’ out of +commission.” Upon this the Sailing-Master orders a gun to be fired and +the burgee, private signal and ensign lowered. The dismantling of the +yacht may then commence. + + + COMMODORE’S DUTIES IN REGARD TO THE CEREMONY OF PUTTING THE CLUB IN + COMMISSION, AND OPENING THE CLUBHOUSE FOR THE SEASON. + +After the date of the opening day of the Clubhouse has been fixed upon +by the Commodore and House Committee (which usually occurs between the +1st and 15th of May, and in some instances later), the Secretary, at +the request of the Commodore, or according to the regulations of the +club, notifies all members, at least ten days in advance, by mail, that +the club will open on this certain day and date, and the time selected +is usually 12.00 noon. + +After the arrival of the members, the Commodore calls them to order +in the Clubhouse, and in his own words tells them of his pleasure +in seeing them, and impresses upon each officer, committee, and the +members in general the importance of observing the laws and regulations +of the club, and expresses his wishes for the success of the club for +the coming season. The Commodore then advises that all assemble in +front of the Clubhouse around the flagpole, or on the veranda, for the +purpose of putting the club in commission. While the Commodore has +been addressing the members, the employees of the club have bent all +flags to their halliards and loaded the cannon. One man is stationed at +each signal halliard and one at the cannon, standing by. The Commodore +proceeds a little in advance of members and guests, and at a signal +from him (usually a waving of the hand, previously agreed upon) the +gun is fired, the signals run up, and at the same time the Commodore +announces: “I declare the ---- Yacht Club in commission.” All the +yachts in the harbor should have dressed ship in advance, and should +salute the club by firing a gun as quickly as possible after the gun of +the Clubhouse has been fired. + +This concludes the act of putting the club in commission. + + + COMMODORE’S DUTIES DURING THE PERIOD THAT THE YACHT CLUB IS IN + COMMISSION. + +While the club is in commission the Commodore should deem it incumbent +upon him to be watchful concerning the general management of the club; +to observe that the various officers are alive to their duties; that +the rules and regulations are enforced and obeyed, and that harmony +prevails. + +The Commodore should preside at all general meetings of the club at +the Clubhouse; but in the event of his anticipated absence he should +delegate the Vice-Commodore to preside, who, in turn, will notify the +Rear-Commodore should he find himself unable to attend. In the absence +of the three Commodores, the Fleet Captain will preside, and in case of +the latter’s absence the Senior Captain present will take the chair, +call the meeting to order and transact the business of same. + +In all cases of dispute in club matters, the Commodore and Board of +Trustees should be the arbitrators. + +Before the season arrives for the commissioning of the club, the +Commodore should name his Fleet Captain, Fleet Surgeon and Chaplain, +etc.--in fact, the sooner he names the same after his election as +Commodore the better. + +In the selection of his Fleet Captain the Commodore should be careful +to appoint a gentleman of experience in yachting, as such a one will +prove invaluable to the chief Flag Officer, taking a great amount of +responsibility and care and detail away from the latter. + +In case the Fleet Captain has no yacht of his own, the Commodore’s +yacht should be open to him on all possible occasions, as a matter +of courtesy, and on a cruise of the club, whether the Fleet Captain +possesses a yacht or not, his place is on the flagship, in constant +official attendance upon the Commodore, and in supervision of the fleet +from the flagship’s bridge or quarter-deck. + +The Fleet Captain should, under the authority of the Commodore, +direct all the movements of the fleet when on the annual, or any +special cruise, and the crew of the flagship should be notified by +the Commodore to execute the orders of the Fleet Captain upon such +occasions. + +Should the Commodore decide to be absent from the club station for +several days, he should notify the Vice-Commodore, so that during such +absence the latter might assume the duties of Commodore should some +special occurrence be experienced. + + + THE COMMODORE’S DUTIES WHEN THE CLUB IS GOING OUT OF COMMISSION. + +When the date of going out of commission is fixed, all the members, +at the request of the Commodore, are notified, through the Secretary, +by mail, to attend this special meeting, in order to put the club out +of commission. In some instances the Secretary, Treasurer and various +committees submit their reports at this meeting, other times, again, +the reports are not submitted until some time later in the autumn +or winter. After all the business of this stated meeting has been +transacted, the Commodore thanks each and all for the great aid he has +received from them all, also mentioning about the success of the club +for the past season. He then proposes that they proceed to put the club +out of commission. The signal halliards and cannon have been manned, +and at a given signal from the Commodore the gun is fired, flags are +hauled down, and the Commodore at the same time says: “I now declare +the ---- Yacht Club out of commission.” If there are yachts at anchor +off the Clubhouse they should salute the club by firing their guns. + +NOTE.--It is customary on the occasion of the yacht club going out of +commission to have a banquet for members and guests. + + + HONORS TO THE CAPTAIN WHEN EMBARKING AND DISEMBARKING. + +When the Captain is seen coming off to the yacht, it should so be +reported to the Sailing-Master (provided he is on board, and, in +his absence, to the Mate), who will at once station one of the +Quarter-Masters, or one of the crew, at the “absent flag” halliards, +and the Boatswain at the gangway, to blow a pipe as the Captain comes +over the side, and, as the gig comes alongside the gangway, the +Sailing-Master will face the side, and as the Captain steps over the +rail, the Sailing-Master and Boatswain will salute by touching the cap +visor, and the absent flag will be hauled down. The gig will remain +alongside for orders. The Sailing-Master, after ascertaining the +Captain’s wishes in regard to the gig, will either order it hoisted or +hauled out to the boom. When intending to leave the ship, the Captain +should send word to that effect to the Sailing-Master (or to the Mate, +in the absence of the former), who will see that the gig is dropped +down to the starboard gangway and properly manned, when it will then +be reported as ready to the Captain. The Sailing-Master and Boatswain +will then take their stations at the gangway, having a hand stationed +at the absent flag halliards; and as the Captain passes them to enter +the boat, the Boatswain will wind his call and touch his cap, and the +Captain shall receive and return the Sailing-Master’s salute. The +absent flag will be broken out as the boat shoves off. On entering or +leaving the gig the Captain should be saluted by the Coxswain only. + + + DUTIES OF THE FLEET CAPTAIN. + +The Fleet Captain is appointed by the Commodore as his executive +officer, and retains his position at the pleasure of the Commodore. His +appointment is based upon his practical yachting experience, that he +may be enabled to transact all official business in connection with the +fleet; to decide questions of etiquette, and to relieve the Commodore +of the details of squadron evolution. Orders of the Commodore, or +Acting Commodore, should be issued through the Fleet Captain, and +endorsed by the latter; but only when the order bears the autograph +signature of the Fleet Captain should the word “official” be used. The +Fleet Captain’s flag should be carried on the forward staff of any +launch or boat that he may be in charge of. + + + + +SALUTES IN GENERAL. + + + GUNS BETWEEN SUNSET AND COLORS. + +Guns fired between sunset and colors are considered signals of distress. + + + GUNS ON SUNDAY. + +Guns should not be fired on Sunday, either in the way of a salute or +when getting underway or when coming to anchor. + + + COLORS AND SUNSET GUN TO BE FIRED BY SENIOR OFFICER’S YACHT. + +When in company with one or more yachts of the same club, the gun fired +to make colors or sunset should be that of the yacht of the senior +officer of such club present, whether he is on board his vessel or not. + + + YACHTS TO SALUTE NAVAL VESSELS. + +All yachts should salute naval vessels of their own or any other +friendly country, by dipping the ensign. It is customary for yachts to +salute a naval vessel by dipping the ensign once. + + + DIPPING THE ENSIGN. + +In no case is the ensign to be dipped more than once in one salute. + + + YACHTS PASSING TO SALUTE. + +Yachts passing should salute each other by dipping the ensign once--the +junior saluting first. + + + YACHTS MEETING AT SEA TO SALUTE. + +In meeting at sea yachts should salute each other, and this salute +should consist of simply dipping the ensign once. + + + STEAM WHISTLES NOT TO BE USED IN SALUTING. + +Steam whistles and sirens should not be employed in making or +exchanging salutes between steam yachts or launches. + + + TO SALUTE UPON ENTERING HARBOR. + +Upon entering harbor, Captains should salute the commanding officer of +the anchorage by firing one gun or by dipping the ensign once at the +time the anchor is dropped. + + + SALUTE TO A YACHT ENTERING HARBOR. + +The salute to be made to a yacht entering port and entitled to a +salute consists of dipping the ensign once, or the firing of a gun when +the arriving yacht drops her anchor. + + + SPECIAL SALUTE TO COMMODORE ENTERING HARBOR. + +On the occasion of the Commodore entering harbor to assume personal +command of his squadron, he should be saluted on coming to anchor (and +not before) by each yacht of the squadron. This salute should consist +of the firing of one gun from each yacht, or by the dipping once of the +ensign. This salute should be acknowledged by the firing of one gun by +the flagship. + + + ORDINARY SALUTE TO COMMODORE ENTERING HARBOR. + +On ordinary occasions, when the Commodore’s yacht enters harbor his +flag should only be saluted with one gun from the yacht of the senior +officer of such club present, or by the dipping of the ensign once from +such senior’s yacht, and this salute should be acknowledged in kind by +the Commodore. + + + JUNIOR OFFICER’S YACHT ENTERING HARBOR. + +When a junior flag officer’s yacht enters harbor, his flag should be +saluted when his yacht comes to anchor by one gun, or by the single +dipping of the ensign, from the yacht of the senior officer present, +provided the latter is inferior in rank to the arriving flag officer; +otherwise the arriving officer will salute the flag of the officer in +command of the anchorage with one gun or by the single dipping of the +ensign when his yacht drops anchor. + + + SENIOR OFFICER LEAVING HARBOR. + +A senior officer leaving harbor should indicate that he has transferred +his command to the officer next below him in rank, by firing a gun or +by dipping his ensign once upon getting under way. + + + FLAG OFFICER MAKING OFFICIAL VISIT. + +When a flag officer makes an official visit between colors and sunset, +his flag should be run up to the fore-topmast-head of the yacht visited +and broken out as soon as he boards the same. Upon leaving, one gun +should be fired and his flag hauled down after he has entered the boat +alongside and it has been shoved off from the yacht. + + + OFFICIAL SALUTE TO ANOTHER CLUB. + +An official salute to another club should be made by hoisting the +burgee of such club to the fore-topmast-head and firing one gun. After +the salute has been returned, or a reasonable time for the return of +such allowed, the burgee should be hauled down and the yacht’s own +burgee hoisted. In the absence of the burgee of the club that is being +saluted the yacht’s own burgee may be half-masted while the salute is +given. + + + POSTPONED SALUTES. + +Salutes postponed on account of Sunday, or owing to the arrival of a +yacht after sunset, should be made immediately after colors on the +following morning. + + + JUDGES’ YACHT NOT TO BE SALUTED. + +During a race a yacht acting as Judge’s boat should not be saluted. + + + SALUTES BETWEEN SQUADRONS OF DIFFERENT CLUBS. + +When squadrons of different clubs meet, whether in harbor or at sea, +salutes should be exchanged only by the commanding officers of such +squadrons. + + + SALUTES BETWEEN SINGLE YACHT AND SQUADRON. + +Salutes from single yachts to a squadron should be answered only by the +commanding officer of the squadron. + + + WHEN FIRING GUNS AND MAKING SIGNALS ARE PROHIBITED. + +Firing guns and making signals when under way with a squadron should +be carefully avoided, except in the line of duty. That is, no private +or personal signalling should go on between yachts, as the same might +easily be considered as levity and as lacking in respect to the +commanding officer of the squadron. + + + BOAT SALUTES. + +Salutes to be made between boats will be found under the head of “Boat +Service.” + + + SALUTE TO THE QUARTER-DECK. + +Upon boarding or leaving a yacht, the quarter-deck should be saluted by +touching the cap. + + + + +BOAT SERVICE. + + + PARTICULARS CONCERNING BOATS. + +Boats used on board yachts are known as gigs, cutters, life-boats, and +dingeys. + +Boats are built in three different ways, namely: The _carval-built_, +the planks fore and aft, the edges meeting but not overlapping. The +_clinker-built_, the planks fore and aft, the edges overlapping. The +_diagonal-built_, the planking running diagonally, the inside planks +running in a contrary direction to the outside planks, their edges +meeting. + +Boats are called _single_ or _double-banked_, according as they have +one or two rowers to a thwart. + +_Thwarts_ are the seats on which the crew sit; the space abaft the +after thwart is called the _stern-sheets_. + +The spaces for the oars in the wash streak of boats are called +_rowlocks_. + +Oars are made of ash or spruce; that part of the oar which is dipped +in the water is called the _blade_; the round part which is inboard, +the _loom_; the extremity of the loom, which is grasped by the rower’s +hand, the _handle_. + +Oars are called _double-banked_ when two men pull one oar. + +_Feathering_ is known as turning the blades nearly flat to the water +after the stroke, with the upper edge turned forward. + +_Boat-falls_ are purchases made with two blocks and a length of rope, +used for hoisting a boat to the davits. + +The _painter_ is a length of line made fast into a ring-bolt in the +stem of boats, used for making the boat fast, to tow by, etc. + +The _gunwale_ of a boat is the upper rail. + +The _yoke_ is a piece of wood or metal fitted across the head of a +boat’s rudder. + +_Yoke lines_ are pieces of rope made fast to the yoke by which the +rudder is turned and the boat steered. + +_Boat-davits_ are pieces of timber or iron projecting over a vessel’s +sides or stern to hoist boats up to. + +_A plug_ is the wooden stopper fitted into a hole in the bottom of the +boat to let in or keep out water. + +_Flooring_ is the bottom boards of the boat. + +_Boat booms_ are the booms on either side of a vessel to which the +boats ride when the ship is at anchor. + +_A boat-breaker_ is a small keg used for carrying fresh water. + +_A boat-recall_ is an understood signal made from the ship to summon a +boat to return. + +_Gripes_ are long strips of canvas leading from the davit ends, and +passing under a boat to secure it. They are set taut by lanyards. + +_Boat-fenders_ are small shapes of canvas or leather stuffed and hung +over a boat’s side to prevent it from being chafed and from chafing the +sides of the yacht. + +_Back Board_ is a board in the stern of the boat on which is often +printed the name of the yacht to which she belongs. + + + BOAT CEREMONY AND DISCIPLINE. + +The lading of the gig should be arranged so that juniors in rank and in +official importance should enter the boat first, and the one highest in +rank and importance should immediately precede the Captain, who should +always be the last to enter the boat and the first to disembark. The +disembarking should take place in the reverse order to the embarking, +so that the junior in rank should be the last to leave the boat. + + + BOAT ORDERS. + +In the following the gig is supposed to be manned, and lying alongside +the gangway. + +After the gig is reported ready to the Captain, he will direct his +guests to enter the boat, and after they are all seated he will receive +and return the Sailing-Master’s salute, then take his place in the +gig--care having been observed to leave the stern-sheets clear for him, +and the yoke lines ready to hand. + +The Captain will observe that his private signal is stepped in the +bows, that the seating of his guests does not interfere with the stroke +oarsman, and will then call: + +“SHOVE OFF FORWARD!” + +When this order is given, the man in the bows shoves the boat’s head +away from the ship’s side, stows his boat-hook, and lays his hands on +his oar. + +The next order is: “UP OARS!” “OARS APEAK” is sometimes wrongfully +employed. + +The crew will simultaneously seize and raise their proper oars briskly +to the vertical (keeping their eyes on the stroke oarsman), and hold +them thus directly in front of them, the blades being fore-and-aft, the +ends of the oars held clear of the boat’s bottom; the oarsmen sitting +on the port side of the boat holding the oars with right hands down, +and those sitting on the starboard side holding the oars with left +hands down. The oarsmen sitting on the port side of the boat pull the +starboard oars, and the oarsmen sitting on the starboard side of the +boat pull the port oars. + +The next command is: “LET FALL!” + +The oars must be dropped into the rowlocks together, care being taken +to prevent the blades from striking the water--blades flat to the water +and leveled. + +Next give the order: “GIVE WAY!” + +The boat is now underway, the crew taking the style of pulling from the +stroke oarsman. + +In running alongside of a vessel or float-stage, give the boat +sufficient impetus to “reach”; then call, while the blades are in the +water: “WAY ENOUGH!” + +The men will finish the stroke and then raise their oars simultaneously +to a vertical position, and lay them with as little noise as possible +amidships in the boat in a line with the keel, the blades pointing +forward. The stroke and bow oarsmen seize their boat-hooks, and as the +boat runs alongside they stop its way and hold it. + +With four or more oared boat, just before the order “WAY ENOUGH” is +given, the order “IN BOW” should be given to allow the man forward to +get in his oar and take his boat-hook in hand ready to fend off when +the boat comes alongside the landing. + + + BOAT SALUTES. + +Flag officers should display their pennants in the bows of boats when +underway, Captains their private signals, and members the club burgee. + +Salutes shall only be made to boats displaying flags as above. + +Junior flag officers, captains, and members in command of boats should +lie on their oars to the Commodore’s boat in passing, and at the same +time should raise their caps in salute. + +Sailing-Masters, under-officers and coxswains should order their crews +to lie on their oars to boats passing that display flag officers’ +pennants, and the one in charge of the boat should raise his cap in +salute. + +Seniors in rank acknowledge salutes by simply raising the cap, and do +not cease rowing. + +Captains and junior flag officers passing should salute each other by +raising the cap--the junior saluting first--but the crews will not lie +on their oars. + +The salutes from all boats under sail, being towed, or laden, should be +made by the one in charge raising his cap, and the way of such boats +should not be checked. + +When approaching your own or another yacht for the purpose of going +alongside, on being hailed, answer by giving the name of your yacht, if +a Captain, but if a Commodore, the reply should be “Flag.” + +If it is desired to cease rowing temporarily, give the order: “OARS!” +The crew will then lift the blades of their oars from the water, +holding the blades horizontally, and at right angles to the keel. + +When it is desired to continue rowing, simply call: “GIVE WAY!” + +When rowing, if passing so close to another boat that a collision of +oars seems probable, call: “TRAIL!” The men will keep their oars in the +rowlocks, but permit the blades to trail aft and alongside. When the +danger is past, call: “OARS!”--this brings the crew to attention, with +the oars in position to receive the order: “GIVE WAY!” + +Never allow a boat’s crew to splash the water with the blades of their +oars when the order to “LET FALL” is executed. + +Talking among a boat’s crew, or turning the head to observe any object, +while the boat is underway, should never be allowed. + +The starboard after oar is called the “stroke oar,” and gives +the stroke, the remainder of the crew taking the style from it; +consequently it should be manned by the best man in the boat--the +coxswain of a gig pulls the stroke oar when the Captain is in the boat. + +In rowing, the blade of each oar should be lifted as high as the +gunwale after it leaves the water, then feathered by dropping the +wrist. A short pause should then be made, and the oar next thrown well +forward, and dropped edgewise into the water, taking care to avoid +splashing. Now, rip the oar through the water with a hearty swing, and +then repeat as above. + +If it is required to turn a boat suddenly, or short round to starboard, +then give the order to “GIVE WAY PORT; BACK STARBOARD.” If it is +required to turn short to port, then “GIVE WAY STARBOARD; BACK PORT.” +When the boat is pointed aright, then, “GIVE WAY TOGETHER!” + +In backing, as in pulling, the crew should always keep stroke with the +after oar of their respective sides. + +Never send a boat away from a ship at night without being provided with +a lantern, as many a boat has been run down through inability to make +its presence known. + +Remember, in running alongside a ship or landing, that the deeper the +boat is freighted, the longer she will carry her way in the water. + +In leaving a ship in foggy weather, provide the boat with a fog-horn +and compass, and judge as nearly as possible the bearing of the landing +you wish to make. Take the opposite of this bearing to return to the +ship, making in both cases due allowance for tide. + +The boats should always be kept in perfect condition, and, unless the +crew are required to shift themselves, not more than three minutes +should elapse between the time the boat is called away and its arrival +at the gangway, manned and ready. + +Never send away a gig’s crew unless they are dressed alike, and look +“spick and span”; hat ribbons should always be worn by a boat’s crew, +unless racing hoods are used. + +Nothing shows the good discipline of a yacht more than efficient boat +service; and it is worthy of all pains and consideration. + +The ranking officer should always be the last to enter a boat, and the +first to leave it. He will, also, command the boat. + +To ride out a gale of wind in an open boat, lash the oars and bottom +boards together and weight them if possible. Span them with the boat’s +painter and pitch them overboard. This will keep the boat head to the +sea and prevent it from drifting fast. + +Assist the boat to keep head to the sea by the use of a steering oar. + +When crossing the bar of a river, if the water is much troubled, a +steering oar should be used and the rudder unshipped. + +In the case of a boat being unable to pull up to the ship against a +strong wind or tide, veer a line out from the ship with the end made +fast to a buoy or any floating material sufficient to sustain the +bight, and when this reaches the boat the crew can make the end of the +line fast to the ring in the stem, and the boat can then be hauled up. +Another way is to drop a boat astern with a line secured to its painter +and then haul them both up together. + +When two boats are approaching the same gangway, or landing stage, the +junior officer in rank should always give way to the senior. + + + + +GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT + + + SHIP’S BELLS. + +The manner of telling the time on board ship is by striking the bell. +Eight bells indicate midnight, 4 A. M., 8 A. M., noon, 4 P. M., and 8 +P. M. Thus it will be seen that every even four hours after midnight +brings 8 bells around. After midnight the first bell struck is 1, which +stands for half-past twelve; one o’clock is represented by 2 bells, +half-past one, by 3 bells; two o’clock by 4 bells; half-past two, by 5 +bells; three o’clock, by 6 bells; half-past three, by 7 bells; and four +o’clock, by 8 bells. + +At half-past four 1 bell is struck, and so on, in the above order, +until eight o’clock is made known by 8 bells again. + +The time should always be taken from the flagship, or the senior +officer’s yacht present. + + +TABLE: + + Midnight 8 bells. + 12.30 A. M. 1 bell. + 1.00 ” 2 bells. + 1.30 ” 3 ” + 2.00 ” 4 ” + 2.30 ” 5 ” + 3.00 ” 6 ” + 3.30 ” 7 ” + 4.00 ” 8 ” + 4.30 ” 1 bell. + 5.00 ” 2 bells. + 5.30 ” 3 ” + 6.00 ” 4 ” + 6.30 ” 5 ” + 7.00 ” 6 ” + 7.30 ” 7 ” + 8.00 ” 8 ” + 8.30 ” 1 bell. + 9.00 ” 2 bells. + 9.30 ” 3 ” + 10.00 ” 4 ” + 10.30 ” 5 ” + 11.00 ” 6 ” + 11.30 ” 7 ” + 12.00 noon 8 ” + + + THE BOATSWAIN’S CALL. + +On vessels where a good-sized crew is carried, the “Boatswain’s Call” +should be largely employed. + +The following should always be “piped”: + +The call to meals; the order to heave round; to order away boats; the +order to haul; the order to belay; the order to man the side; the order +to make colors; the order to make sunset; to call all hands; the call +to muster; to pipe down. + +It is impossible to explain on paper the regular man-o’-wars-man’s +“pipe” for the different orders, nor is it necessary that their style +should be followed out strictly on yachts--any understood combination +between the boatswain (or mate) and the crew will answer all the +purposes for which the “call” is intended. + +The following is offered: + +_The Call of Attention_: A long straight pipe. This is used as a +preface to the verbal call of all hands on deck or to muster. + +_To Call Away a Boat_: A long straight pipe, followed by the verbal +order: “AWAY GIG!” (or dingey or cutter, as the case may be). + +_The Call to Meals_: Three long, rolling pipes. + +_To Heave Round, or to Pull_: Several moderately short, straight pipes. + +_To Belay_: Two short, quick chirps, followed by a moderately short, +rolling pipe. + +_To Pipe the Side_: A prolonged straight pipe. (The Boatswain stands +facing the gangway, his “call” held to his mouth with his left hand, +while his right hand is raised to his cap in salute.) This pipe should +be made to the Captain, when coming on board or when leaving the yacht. +It should also be made to all other yacht commanders, dignitaries, and +officers of the army and navy. + +_To Make “Colors” or “Sunset”_: Two short, quick chirps, followed by a +long, rolling pipe. + +_To Pipe Down_: One long, straight, followed by a long, rolling pipe. + + + YACHT ROUTINE. + +As soon as a yacht is put in commission, the organization of the +officers and crew should be considered, so that everything may work +smoothly and harmoniously, to the satisfaction and peace of the Captain +and the manifest benefit of all concerned. The Sailing-Master should be +held responsible for this, and, in perfecting the details, of course, +he must be guided by the number of his crew. + +If, in washing down, cleaning bright work, etc., each man is given +a certain station and allotted a particular piece of work, it will +be found that matters will be greatly expedited, and the individual +tasks will be performed better, for the reason that the man is held +accountable for the appearance of his own part of the ship. + +Silence is one of the best evidences of discipline, and the officers +should set the example to the crew. When it is necessary to issue an +order let it be done in a quiet tone and avoid calling along the deck +as much as possible. The latter suggests the “coaster” and establishes +a bad precedent. + +When in port the quartermaster or the last anchor watch should turn out +the cook one hour before “all hands,” so that morning coffee may be +ready when the general call is made. + +Allow but twenty minutes between “turn out” and “turn to.” + +After pumping the bilges, wash down decks, wipe the sides around and +the bright wood of the rail skylights and companion way and then turn +all hands on to the brass work, using a chamois skin. + +Half an hour should be given the crew for breakfast (7 to 7.30 A. M.), +after which they should again be turned to, the brass work finished, +the decks tidied up, the crew dressed in their ordered uniform for +the day and everything ready for inspection by the Sailing-Master and +Captain (if the latter so desires). + +The Sailing-Master (or mate) should always have one of the men row him +around the vessel the last thing in the morning, to make sure that all +the running rigging is taut, no scratches or chafing on the sides; that +there are no evidences of grass or scum along the water-line, and that +everything is proper and ship-shape. + +One hour should be allowed for men for dinner--from 12 to 1. + +A good Sailing-Master will always find something for the crew to work +at during working hours. + +Smoking hours on deck should be regulated. + +Never allow smoking while the crew are at work about the decks. + +After supper (in port) allow the crew to smoke on the forward deck as +long as they please. + +Under no consideration ever permit a boat’s crew to smoke while in the +boat. + +In sending any boat ashore, the Sailing-Master (or, in his absence, the +mate), should always direct the boat where to land, and when to return +to the ship, except when the Captain is in the gig, who will direct his +own crew. + +The crew should be habituated to move smartly about the decks, and to +answer quickly and respectfully to their officers. + +In passing the Captain the crew should always salute by touching the +right hand to the cap, and the Captain should at all times acknowledge +same. + +In the case of a gig’s crew, the coxswain only should salute the +Captain, both on entering and leaving the gig. + +Mattresses and blankets should be thoroughly aired once every week, and +oftener should there have been damp weather. + +The Sailing-Master and mates should never be ashore at the same time +while the yacht is in commission. + +When coming to anchor, have the men stationed, and the instant the +anchor leaves the cat-head, fire a gun and swing out the boat booms, +except on Sundays, when no gun will be fired. If a salute is due, +however, it should be fired immediately after colors on Monday morning. + +When leaving anchorage, if a steam yacht, fire a gun the instant the +anchor is aweigh, and the bell is rung to go ahead, but if a sailing +yacht, fire a gun when the anchor is tripped, and the vessel fills away. + +On large yachts a quartermaster should always be on watch to give +notice to the officer of the deck on the approach of boats to the +vessel, signals made from other yachts, or from the shore. + +_Underway at Night_: Always have a lookout stationed forward, and in +case of unusual darkness or thick weather, it is better to have two +lookouts--one on either bow. As soon as a light or a sail is sighted, +it should be reported in clear sharp tones to the officer of the deck, +who will at once convince himself as to its character and whether his +vessel or the one reported has the “right of way” and act accordingly. + +_At Anchor at Night_: As soon as it is dark the “anchor watch” should +be set. According to the number of the crew available, the length of +time for each man to guard the deck should be regulated, so that from +the time the first anchor watch is set until all hands are called +in the morning, the watches shall be uniform, and no one man called +on deck twice during the night. It is the duty of the watch to keep +continually on the alert, examining the moorings occasionally, visiting +the quarter-deck, keeping an eye to the bright burning of the anchor +light, observing the drift lead, the swinging of his own vessel with +the tide, also of the vessels around him, and being careful that no +boat gets alongside his vessel unawares. In case a boat is seen making +for the yacht, it should be hailed--“BOAT-AHOY!” and if the hail is +answered satisfactorily, the boat can be allowed to board but, if +not, it must be warned off. In case of danger pound on the top of the +forecastle slide with anything available, at the same time calling +“ALL HANDS!” in a voice calculated to rouse the sleepers, and then, +until the deck is officered, act yourself under the circumstances, as +your common sense dictates. The anchor watch should strike the bells +regularly during the night. + +_Boat Hails_: All boats closely approaching a yacht at night should be +hailed by the officer of the deck or the watch. Replies should be as +follows: + + For Commodore intending to board, “Commodore.” + For Vice and Rear Commodores, “Flag.” + For Fleet Captain, “Fleet.” + For Captain, the name of his yacht. + For a Club Member, “Aye, Aye.” + For a visitor, “Visitor.” + For Sailing-Master and other yacht officers, “No, no.” + For one of the crew, “Hello.” + For passing boats, “Passing.” + +_Concerning Watches_: As soon as a yacht leaves port, bound on a +voyage, the crew should be divided into watches and the first regular +watch set at 8 P. M. on the day of sailing. The Captain always takes +the first watch out, and the Sailing-Master the first watch home. The +stewards, cooks, and waiters are known as “idlers” and they stand no +watch. + +The captain’s watch is called the “starboard” and the Sailing-Master’s +the “port” watch. + +If there is an uneven number of men in the forecastle, the odd man goes +into the captain’s watch by courtesy. + +Provided the yacht carries a mate, the captain’s watch is kept by him, +so that the captain has no regular deck duty, but goes and comes as he +pleases. + +The officer on watch is known as the “officer of the deck,” and, while +left in possession, his orders must be obeyed to the letter. He has +full powers to alter the course of the ship to avoid danger, to make or +alter, or take in sail, etc. + +The seven regular watches are named as follows: + + From midnight to 4 A. M. _the Mid Watch_. + ” 4 A. M. to 8 A. M. _the Morning Watch_. + ” 8 A. M. to noon _the Forenoon Watch_. + ” noon to 4 P. M. _the Afternoon Watch_. + ” 4 P. M. to 6 P. M. _the First Dog Watch_. + ” 6 P. M. to 8 P. M. _the Second Dog Watch_. + ” 8 P. M. to 12 midnight _the First Watch_. + + + + +DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OFFICERS. + + + NOTE. + +In the following treatise on the duties and responsibilities of the +Captain and his officers, the question of the steam yacht carrying +a goodly crew has been particularly considered but the rules, +regulations, etc., laid down for the government of such large craft may +easily be modified and brought within the compass of smaller steam and +sail yachts. + + + THE CAPTAIN. + +The Sailing-Master, mates, boatswain, carpenter, engineers, stewards, +the petty officers, such as quartermasters, cooks, oilers, boatswain’s +mates, etc., as well as every seaman, fireman, and waiter on board the +yacht are subject to the control and orders of the Captain. + +The Captain is responsible for the general equipment and general +management of his yacht, and for the vessel (when in commission) being +at all times fully found and provided with coals, water, provisions, +compasses, chronometers, charts, sextants, and other stores and +appliances requisite for the navigation of the yacht. Of course, these +duties may be assigned to the Sailing-Master by the Captain, but upon +the latter rests the responsibility of giving the necessary orders to +insure such performance. + +The Captain shall inspect the yacht every day to observe that +cleanliness and order is practised in the various departments--deck, +engineer and steward’s--and shall hold strictly accountable for each +department the officer in charge of same. + +The Captain shall see to it that the officers attend strictly to their +several duties, that no waste or extravagance in the way of stores and +provisions is allowed, and that the men under the different heads of +the departments are respectful and obedient to their superiors and move +smartly in the discharge of their duties. + +The Captain will observe that the officers and men respect the laws and +regulations of the ports visited by the yacht, and will issue strict +orders that contraband or dutiable articles for personal use shall not +be brought on board to cause trouble and annoyance upon the return of +the yacht to a home port, or upon an attempt to smuggle such articles +ashore in any other port. + +The Captain shall see to it that the crew are frequently exercised at +fire-quarters, and shall enforce the order that all boats are kept +ready for immediate lowering and that the fire hose is attached at +night and ready for use at a moment’s notice. + +The Captain will exact the observance of strict courtesy between the +officers of various departments and not allow undue familiarity between +them outside of their own quarters, and gambling between the officers +or between the men shall always be prohibited. + +The Captain will forbid private trading on the part of officers and +crew under any circumstances, and shall impress upon the minds of all +on board that the dignity of a gentleman’s private vessel is to be +upheld, and that loud or vulgar language will not be tolerated. + +The Captain will have reported to him all cases of misconduct on +the part of any of the crew, and will never permit punishment to be +inflicted unless by his express orders, and he will award the character +of the punishment after consulting with the Sailing-Master, engineer or +steward, according to the department in which the offender belongs. He +is responsible for any ill-treatment of the crew by his officers. + +If one of the crew die on board, the Captain must make an inventory of +his effects, entering same with the name, rank, etc., in the log-book, +and upon the arrival of the yacht in port, a report must be made to the +health-officer of the port. + +The Captain has the power to appoint his officers and has entire +command over them during the time they are on board. He may, for any +cause, suspend them from duty, and in case of mutinous conduct at sea, +he is justified in putting in irons any officer or any member of the +crew. The log-book must, according to law, set forth all that occurs +of an important nature during the voyage, especially such cases as +punishment inflicted, and for what cause, etc. + +Upon arrival in a foreign port, the Captain should go to the Custom +House, taking the bill of health and yacht’s papers and report his +arrival. + + + THE SAILING-MASTER. + +Under the head of “Yacht Routine,” in a preceding chapter, will be +found in detail the character of the deck work that the Sailing-Master +should see carried out. + +The Sailing-Master, when the yacht is underway, will never allow the +officer of the deck to leave the bridge unless regularly or temporarily +relieved. + +If the Sailing-Master disapproves of anything performed by one of the +officers, he should quietly call him aside and correct him, but he +should never do it within the hearing of the crew, as they may lose +respect for an officer who was not shown respect by an officer above +him. + +The Sailing-Master, mate, second mate, or any other officer, when in +charge of the deck, has full power over the yacht, as he represents the +authority of the Captain. + +The Sailing-Master will navigate the yacht and will be responsible to +the Captain for the safety and order of the vessel above and below +decks, and, provided he is entrusted to select the officers and +crew, he will be responsible to the Captain for their competency and +desirability in all respects. + +Whenever an officer, or any of the seamen, desires to see the Captain +for personal reasons, he must first acquaint the Sailing-Master with +his wishes, and the Sailing-Master will refer the request to the +Captain, who will specify his pleasure in the matter, and such will be +conveyed in turn to the applicant; but under no circumstances will the +Captain be approached by an officer or man, “over the Sailing-Master’s +head,” for the only way to maintain discipline on board is by +impressing upon the crew as a whole that the Sailing-Master, being the +executive officer, the running of the yacht is in his hands, and the +most implicit obedience and respect must be accorded him. + +Officers and men must never think of leaving the yacht, even when +alongside the dock, without first obtaining the consent of the +Sailing-Master, or, in his absence, from the officer left in command, +who will be acquainted with the Sailing-Master’s wishes in the matter. + +When entering or leaving port, the Sailing-Master’s place is on the +bridge, directing the movements of the yacht. + + + CHIEF ENGINEER. + +The chief engineer has full control over all persons--officers and +men--in his department. + +The engineer on watch in the engine-room when the yacht is underway, +represents the chief engineer, and the fireman on watch must obey him, +and he in turn must obey any orders received from the officer of the +deck in the way of handling the engines. + +The chief engineer will be held responsible for all hands in his +department implicitly carrying out the orders of the Captain, or of the +officer of the deck. + +Neither the assistants nor any member of the engine or fire-room force +will leave the vessel without first reporting to and obtaining the +chief engineer’s consent, who, in turn, will solicit the same from the +Sailing-Master and then acquaint the applicant with the result. + +The chief engineer will personally superintend the coaling of the +yacht, and satisfy himself that the quantity of coal charged for has +been received on board. He will make an entry on the engine-room +log-book stating the amount of coal receipted for, also its quality. + +When other engine-room stores, tools, etc., are received on board, they +will be receipted for by the chief engineer and a memorandum of same +entered on his log-book. + +The chief engineer will be held responsible for any waste of stores or +extravagance in his department. + +The chief engineer will be held accountable for the conduct of all +officers and men under his control. + +The chief engineer will enforce the law that an engineer on watch +is never to absent himself from the engine-room without having been +regularly relieved by another engineer, and will also see to it that no +fireman, oiler, water-tender, etc., leaves his post without permission +from the engineer on watch. + +Should any member of the engineer’s force misconduct himself, or +disobey any order received by him from a superior officer, the chief +engineer must report the case to the Captain, so that it may be +dealt with by the latter, and in no case is the chief or one of his +assistants to inflict punishment upon a man unless such punishment is +authorized by the Captain. + +The chief engineer will see to it that the engineer of the watch +keeps a steady pressure of steam, according to the instructions that +he has received, and with a view to economy of fuel, the engineer on +watch will direct attention to the condition of the fires, and the +mode of firing. The chief will also make sure that his assistants are +well acquainted with the various pipes, cocks, valves and connections +generally. + +When entering or leaving port the chief engineer will assume personal +charge of the engines, or at any other time when special care is +demanded for executing promptly the orders signalled from the bridge. + +The chief engineer will keep the engine-room log-book, and fill up +the columns therein. Under the head of “Remarks” he will enter the +particulars of all stores used; the time of leaving and arriving in +port; all occurrences relating to the working of the boilers and +machinery, accidents of whatever nature to engines or to the men, etc., +and each day’s log is to be verified by his signature. + +The chief engineer will daily, at noon, while under steam, lay before +the Sailing-Master an abstract of the engine-room log-book, containing +the expenditure of coals, oils and other stores during the preceding +twenty-four hours, and the amount remaining on hand; also the total +number of revolutions made during the preceding twenty-four hours. + +The chief engineer will be held responsible that the steam +steering-gear, windlass, refrigerating and electric plants are kept in +efficient state and at all times ready when required. + +On sailing days, or on departure from any port, the chief engineer +must have his department in good order, steam maintained at the proper +limit, and half an hour before the time of starting he must report to +the Sailing-Master that his department is all ready, after which the +chief and his assistants must remain on duty until the yacht is clear +of the pilot or the harbor cleared, when the first assistant engineer +will take charge of the engine-room watch. + +Should the engineer of the watch find it necessary to stop his engines +when underway, he shall at once send word to the Sailing-Master or to +the officer of the deck, and obtain his consent before stopping, except +in cases of special emergency, when he will be justified in stopping +without orders, but knowledge of the act must at once be sent to the +officer of the deck. + +The chief engineer will have full control of regulating the amount of +steam to be carried, using his own judgment as to what is necessary for +the speed required. + + + FIRST MATE. + +It is common to refer to the first mate as the “chief officer.” + +After being appointed the chief officer, he should get an inventory +of everything under his charge, and obtain from the boatswain and +carpenter a list of their stores also, and a memorandum of whatever +else they require. He should see that the windlass is in good working +order, and inspect personally the boats, falls, running and standing +rigging, sails, sail-covers, awnings, etc., and each night should lay +out the work for the boatswain and give him orders concerning his work +for the coming day. He should also observe that the carpenter attends +to the sluices and sounds the well and tanks night and morning. + +When underway at sea, if the chief officer does not stand watch, he +should be about the decks all day to see that the boatswain is pushing +the work along. + +The chief officer will also keep the log-book, copying into it from the +rough or deck log, and should take sights of the sun for latitude and +longitude, determine the deviation by azimuths of the sun, and keep the +yachts run by dead-reckoning. The log-book must be ready each day at 2 +bells (one o’clock P. M.), for inspection by the Sailing-Master. + +In anchoring, mooring and unmooring ship, the chief officer’s place is +on the forecastle, directing the handling of the bow-lines. + +When heaving up anchor, or when coming to anchor, the chief officer’s +place is on the forecastle directing the handling of the cable +according to orders from the Sailing-Master on the bridge. + +If the first officer stands deck watch, his bridge duties will be the +same as those laid down for the second officer. + + + SECOND MATE. + +In mooring and unmooring ship, the second officer’s place is aft, and +he is responsible for any accident that occurs at his end of the yacht +while docking or leaving dock, or when getting underway or coming to +anchor. + +When running out lines, or taking them in, he must be careful to keep +them clear of the propeller, and in the event of a line getting foul of +same he must at once make same known to the officer on the bridge, so +that the engines may be stopped. + +When docking, a couple of cork-fenders should be kept handy on the +quarters. + +After mooring, the ropes should be coiled down neatly and chafing gear +put on where necessary, after which the men should be sent forward to +the boatswain. + +When leaving port, the second mate should attend to the secure lashing +of anything requiring it aft, and also see to it that the carpenter has +secured the gangways, ports, etc. + +When coming to anchor, the second mate’s place is by the leadsman, when +he does not take the lead himself. + +When at sea, before he relieves the bridge, he should take a turn +around the deck fore and aft to see that there is nothing adrift and no +evidences of anything wrong. + +He should never hesitate to call the Captain if in doubt about anything +of an important nature--such as fog; if weather looks threatening; if +the barometer is unsteady; if there is the sight or sound of broken +water. + +The second mate must be particular to note everything correctly in +the log-book for his watch, reading the patent log the last thing and +entering the distance run for the preceding four hours. + + + BOATSWAIN. + +Upon reporting for duty the boatswain must ascertain the kind and +quantity of the deck stores, cordage, sails, canvas, paints, brushes, +salt-water-soap, brooms, etc., etc., because it is his duty to serve +out such in keeping the yacht in order. + +He must inspect every time they are used cat-falls, mooring-lines, +etc., and if they are found defective, he must at once make a report to +the first mate. + +The boatswain remains on deck all day and takes charge of all the men +engaged on deck work, receiving his orders each night from the first +mate as to the character of the work to be carried on the following +day; but he must also exercise his own judgment when he sees anything +of a minor nature in his department requiring attention. + + + CARPENTER. + +Upon reporting for duty the carpenter must overhaul all the sluices to +see that they are in proper working order; make himself familiar with +the location of the sounding-pipe, water tanks, etc. + +He must also thoroughly understand the working of the windlass, and +take personal charge of it when the anchors are being used. It is his +special duty also to examine all dead lights for leaks, and to attend +to the shipping and unshipping of the gangway ladders. + +The carpenter is under the direct orders of the chief officer, and +whenever the carpenter’s services are required by the engineers, the +chief officer must have the application for the carpenter’s services +made to him. + +The carpenter must sound the tanks and well every night and morning, +note his remarks on the engine-room slate, and report as well to the +officer of the deck--this must be done both at sea and in port. + +It is also the carpenter’s duty to attend to the steering-gear and +report at once to the chief mate any defect in the wheel-chains or +mechanism. + +The carpenter has the keeping in repair of all the boats, spars, +bulwarks, blocks, and in fact everything of a wooden nature on board +the yacht. + + + QUARTERMASTERS. + +The duties of quartermasters are to steer the yacht, keep the pilot +house in order, clean all bright work belonging to his department +in the way of binnacles, wheel, speaking tubes, steering-gear, +step-plates, etc. They have charge of the bunting and are responsible +for its condition, and it is also required of them that they shall be +familiar with the signal code, and shall take the signal halliards +under their personal care to insure their readiness for use. All +the signal lanterns are under their charge, as is also the hand and +deep-sea leads. When the yacht is at anchor, quartermasters stand +regular watch and watch by day as well as by night, taking charge of +the anchor watch. + + + STEWARD. + +The duties of the steward are varied, and the comfort and happiness of +the yacht depend upon his ability, integrity, and ambition to keep a +contented ship fore and aft. + +Whether he is serving on a small yacht or a large one, he should +remember that the money of the millionaire owner should not be any +more recklessly spent by the steward than the money of the man who can +afford yachting in only a very modest way. Besides this, the steward +should be a man of sufficiently high moral character to realize that +waste of any kind is wicked. + +It matters not how rich an owner may be, he is just as sensitive to the +foolish expenditure of his money as is his less pretentious yachting +friend, and no steward should conduct his department on the theory +that the owner is too well off to be at all concerned whether it costs +five dollars a day to provision the yacht or five hundred. + +There are stewards who personally are strictly honest, but who are +either careless in the quantity of the purchases, or who leave entirely +too much to the cook--who think it too great a trouble to look into +“pots and pans,” or who avoid any such supervision for fear of +offending the autocrat of the galley. This is all wrong. The cook is +under the direction and orders of the steward, and if the latter is the +proper sort of official he will not allow any other interpretation of +his authority. + +If under-stewards are carried, they are simply aids to the steward, +whose orders they will at all times unquestionably obey, and to insure +the smooth running of this department, the owner should authorize the +steward to select his subordinates. + +It goes without saying that all the provisions on board are under his +care, and that he should at all times know the amount of stores on hand +in his department. He should keep an expenditure book showing credit +and debit sides, so as to be able quickly to know how much money he has +received from the owner, and what amount of same he has expended. + +In addition to his care of the owner’s wardrobe, the silverware, +glass, crockery, bedding and linen, both in the cabins and officers’ +quarters, he is responsible also for fixtures in the way of lamps, +cushions, furniture, etc. + +He should, in addition to his supervision of the cabins, inspect the +officers’ rooms every morning to see that same are sweet and clean. +He must demand that everything in the kitchen is kept shining; that +the brass work on the inside of all skylights to cabin and officers’ +quarters, and the hand-rails to companionway are at all times carefully +polished. + +Whenever it is desired to brush rugs and mats on deck, he should always +notify the mate, so that proper precautions may be taken to prevent +dust from injuring anything about decks in the way of fresh paint, +varnish, etc. + +When it is necessary that he should go ashore for provisions, ice, +etc., he should notify the Sailing-Master sufficiently ahead of time so +that the boat service required may not interfere with the regular deck +work. + +In the case of guests his duty is to contribute in everyway possible to +their comfort and pleasure while on board, realizing that by so doing +he is not only fulfilling another of his functions, but that he is +rendering the greatest satisfaction to the owner, whose pleasure it is +to know that the outing offered his friends is being made as pleasant +as possible. + + + SURGEON. + +In the event of a surgeon being carried, it will be the duty of this +officer to look after the general health of all on board, and to be +keenly alive to the sanitary condition of the yacht. + +Whenever an inspection of the vessel is being held, it is his place to +accompany the Captain on his rounds, and to offer needful suggestions. + +When the yacht’s water tanks are to be filled, he should inspect +the quality of the water offered, and should analyze same if he is +suspicious that it may be unhealthy owing to the presence of vegetable +matter, etc. + +Should sickness occur among the crew, he should take proper precautions +to isolate the man so far as possible until a satisfactory diagnosis of +the case assures him as to the character of the illness. + + + + +SYNOPSIS OF U. S. LAWS GOVERNING AMERICAN STEAM AND SAIL YACHTS, AND +FOREIGN YACHTS IN U. S. WATERS. + + +1. A yacht must be licensed. + +A license authorizes a yacht to sail from port to port of the United +States, and by sea to foreign ports, without entrance or clearance, and +absolves her from the payment of tonnage duty and light money; but upon +the return of a yacht from a foreign port she must enter at the Custom +House of the port of her first arrival. + +To enter a vessel, it is necessary to have a manifest with two copies +ready on arrival. The revenue cutter may take one, the boarding officer +another, while the third is produced by the Master before the Collector. + +The Master makes oath to its truth. The manifest should specify ship’s +stores, and state that no cargo is carried. + +2. In going foreign a yacht captain may have a certified crew list +and shipping articles (sign his crew to articles), although it is not +compulsory. + +3. Whether or not, in going foreign, a bill of health for the vessel +would be needed, would depend upon the laws of the country of her +destination. If it is decided to carry same, it may be obtained from +the Custom House upon demand, provided the port sailing from is in a +normal condition of healthfulness. + +4. A foreign yacht arriving from abroad must be entered at the port +of her first arrival; but tonnage duty is not exacted, provided she +belongs to a regularly organized and incorporated yacht club. + +5. A pleasure vessel purchased by a citizen from an alien has the same +privileges as a vessel built in the United States, except that she +cannot be documented. She is subject to light money of fifty cents per +ton on arrival at each port, although this is seldom enforced. + +6. If a foreign yacht should be wrecked in U. S. waters, and be +purchased by a citizen, who expends upon her in repairs three times as +much as he paid for her as a wreck, she could be documented as a yacht +of the United States. + +7. A foreign-built yacht owned by a citizen may fly the U. S. flag, +but not the American yacht ensign, according to law, which ensign +is prescribed for American-built yachts only; but it is often flown +contrary to law. + +8. For a sailing yacht the name of the vessel and port must be placed +conspicuously upon the stern. The letters to be not less than three +inches in length. + +9. The name of a screw steamer yacht, and her port, must be placed on +the stern in letters six inches in length, and upon each outer side of +the pilot house; but if she be a side-wheel vessel, the name must be +painted on the outside of each paddle-box also. + +10. The painting of the name upon the bows of yachts is optional with +the owner. + +11. Any vessel propelled in whole or in part by steam is declared a +steam vessel within the meaning of the law. + +12. The hull and boiler of a steam yacht is subject to annual +inspection by the U. S. Board of Local Inspectors. + +13. No steam yacht, whatever her size, is permitted to be navigated +without a licensed master or pilot, and engineer, under penalty of a +fine of one hundred dollars for each offense. + +14. Masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, upon giving satisfactory +evidence of their qualifications, may be licensed by the U. S. Local +Inspectors for the term of five years, but the license may be revoked +for cause. + +15. Every licensed officer must have his license framed under glass, +and posted in a conspicuous place on board the vessel, under penalty of +revocation or one hundred dollars fine. + +16. Any one who employs an unlicensed officer is subject to a fine of +one hundred dollars. + +17. The Local Inspectors are authorized to suspend or revoke, upon +satisfactory evidence, the license of any officer for bad conduct, +drunkenness, inattention to duty, or incapacity. + +18. If an owner proves to the Local Inspectors that his engineer has +allowed his boiler to burn, and that he has not kept his engine and +machinery in good order, the Inspectors are authorized to degrade him. + +19. The fees previously charged for licenses to officers, and for +inspections and examinations of vessels of the United States, were +abolished in 1886. + +20. A yacht of any foreign nation, which extends like courtesies to the +United States, provided the yacht belongs to a regularly organized and +incorporated yacht club, is privileged to arrive at and depart from +port to port of the United States without making entrance or clearance, +but when arriving from a foreign port she must enter at the port of her +first arrival in the United States. + +If the yacht does not belong to such a nation, or does not belong to +such a yacht club, she must enter at and clear from every port of the +United States she goes into. + +21. A commission to sail for pleasure, in any designated yacht +belonging to a regularly organized and incorporated yacht club, may be +obtained from the Treasury Department through the Collector of Customs +at the port where the yacht may be. It does not supersede the license, +but is in addition to it, and is only issued by yachts going abroad to +secure more extended courtesies. It is issued for the voyage only, and +must be surrendered at the port of her first arrival on her return to +the United States. + +22. Yachts of 20 tons and upwards must also be enrolled. (1899 Laws.) + +23. According to law, the owner of a steam yacht may secure a license +to command and pilot his own vessel, provided he passes the examination +required by the U. S. Local Inspectors of Steam Vessels. + + + + +INDEX + + + BOAT SERVICE. PAGE + + Boat Ceremony and Discipline, 49 + + Boat Orders, 49 + + Boat Salutes and Management, 51 + + Particulars Concerning Boats, 47 + + + CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES. + + Captain of Visiting Yacht Pays Respects, 29 + + Commodore’s Duties--Commissioning Club, 35 + + Commodore’s Duties--Club in Commission, 36 + + Commodore’s Duties--Going Out of Commission, 38 + + Duties of the Fleet Captain, 40 + + Honors to the Captain Embarking, 39 + + Honors to the Captain Disembarking, 39 + + Putting Yacht In Commission, 34 + + Putting Yacht Out of Commission, 34 + + Quarter-Deck to be Saluted, 29 + + Reception of the President, 30 + + Reception of the Vice-President, 31 + + Reception of Secretary of Navy, 31 + + Reception of Cabinet Officers, 31 + + Reception of a Governor, 32 + + Reception of Foreign Sovereign, 32 + + Reception of Royalty, 32 + + Reception of Naval Officers, 32 + + Reception of Army Officers, 32 + + Reception of Other Officials, 33 + + Reception of Flag Officers, 33 + + Reception of Diplomatic Corps, 33 + + Senior Officer Returns Salutes and Visits, 29 + + Senior Officer Tenders Civilities, 29 + + Yacht Joining Squadron, 29 + + + COLORS IN GENERAL. + + Absent Flag, 14 + + At Anchor with Naval Vessels, 13 + + Before Colors or After Sunset, 13 + + Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony, 19 + + Burgee and Private Signal Broken Out, 16 + + Colors in Yacht’s Boats, 15 + + Colors to be Well Hoisted, 16 + + Commodore Cruising with Another Club, 24 + + Commodore’s Night and Day Pennant, 25 + + Commodore’s Private Signal, 25 + + Day Signals for Pilots, 21 + + Death of Captain, 17 + + Death of Club Member, 18 + + Death of Flag Officer, 17 + + Death of One of the Crew, 19 + + Dressing Ship, 22 + + Ensign When Passing Light Houses, Etc., 15 + + Ensign When Passing Naval Vessels, 15 + + Entering or Leaving Port, 13 + + Flag Officer Entering Another Harbor, 25 + + Flag Officer’s Pennant, 16 + + Hauling Down Half-Mast Colors, 18 + + Hours for Half-Masting Colors, 19 + + How to Half-Mast Colors, 18 + + Jack--When Displayed, 26 + + Making Colors, 19 + + Making Sunset, 20 + + Mastless Yachts, 16 + + Meal Pennants, 14 + + National Mourning, 17 + + Night Pennant, 13 + + Night Signals for Pilots, 21 + + Off a Naval Station, 13 + + Permission to Half-Mast Colors, 19 + + Place to Display Colors, 11 + + Saluting with Ensign Half-Mast, 18 + + Senior Officer Gives the Time, 12 + + Signal for Towing-Boat, 22 + + Single Stickers, 14 + + Sunrise and Sunset, 12 + + Time to Make Colors, 11 + + Visiting Another Club, 13 + + Yacht Flags and How They Are Used, 11 + + Yacht Short-Handed, 16 + + + DUTIES OF OFFICERS. + + Boatswain, 76 + + Captain, 65 + + Carpenter, 76 + + Chief Engineer, 70 + + First Mate, 73 + + Quartermasters, 77 + + Sailing-Master, 68 + + Second Mate, 74 + + Steward, 78 + + Surgeon, 81 + + + GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT. + + At Anchor at Night, 62 + + Boat Hails, 62 + + Concerning Watches, 63 + + Ship’s Bells, 56 + + The Boatswain’s Call, 57 + + Underway at Night, 61 + + Yacht Routine, 58 + + + SALUTES IN GENERAL. + + Boat Salutes, 46 + + Colors and Sunset Gun, 41 + + Dipping the Ensign, 42 + + Flag Officer’s Official Visit, 44 + + Guns Between Sunset and Colors, 41 + + Guns on Sunday, 41 + + Judges’ Yacht not Saluted, 45 + + Junior Officer Entering Harbor, 43 + + Official Salute to Another Club, 44 + + Ordinary Salute to Commodore, 43 + + Postponed Salutes, 45 + + Salute of Passing Yachts, 42 + + Salute to Quarter-Deck, 46 + + Salute to Yacht Entering, 42 + + Salutes Between Squadrons, 45 + + Salutes to Naval Vessels, 41 + + Salutes Upon Entering Harbor, 42 + + Salutes When Meeting at Sea, 42 + + Senior Officer Leaving Harbor, 44 + + Single Yacht and Squadron, 45 + + Special Salute to Commodore, 43 + + Steam Whistles Not to be Used, 42 + + When Firing Guns is Prohibited, 46 + + When Making Signals is Prohibited, 46 + + + SPECIAL LIGHTS. + + Absent Lights, 27 + + Commodore’s Lights, 27 + + Dinner Light, 28 + + Lanterns Under Boom, 28 + + Rear-Commodore’s Lights, 27 + + Vice-Commodore’s Lights, 27 + + + SYNOPSIS OF U. S. YACHTING LAWS. + + Bill of Health, 82 + + Documenting of a Foreign Yacht, 83 + + Entering a Yacht, 82 + + Fine for Unlicensed Officers, 84 + + Foreign Yacht May Fly American Flag, 83 + + Foreign Yacht Must Enter, 83 + + Foreign Yachts Visiting the U. S., 85 + + Hailing Port Must be Shown, 83 + + Inspection of Hull and Boiler, 84 + + Licensed Master, Pilot and Engineer, 84 + + Light Money, 83 + + Name of Yacht to be Displayed, 83 + + Owner’s Licenses as Master and Pilot, 86 + + Shipping Articles, 82 + + Suspension of License, 84 + + Tonnage Duty, 83 + + What Constitutes a Steam Vessel, 84 + + Yacht Commission, 86 + + Yacht Enrollment, 86 + + Yacht License Privileges, 82 + + Yacht’s Manifest, 82 + + + + +Transcriber’s Notes + +Italics have been represented by _underlines_. Small caps have been +represented by CAPITALS. + +Inconsistencies in hyphenation and capitalization have been silently +addressed. + +Obvious printing errors have been silently corrected. Other +changes: + + When the date of going out of commission is fixed[,] + + They are set tau[gh]t by lanyards. + + but the rules, regulations[,] etc., laid down for the government of + such large craft + +Flag illustrations have been moved from pages 8 and 9 to a place in the +text where each flag is mentioned. The flag not specifically mentioned +in the text remains in its original location. + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 *** |