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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f57f44 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text +*.htm text +*.html text +*.png binary +*.jpg binary +*.svg text +*.pdf binary +*.bmp binary +*.zip binary +*.midi binary +*.mp3 binary diff --git a/78830-0.txt b/78830-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2660c3e --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2559 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 *** + + + + +UNIFORM EDITIONS + + +RUDDER ~ON~ SERIES + +_Bound in blue buckram and gold, 32mo, illustrated_ + + ON YACHTS AND YACHT HANDLING. By Thomas Fleming Day. Price $1. + + ON MARINE MOTORS AND MOTOR LAUNCHES. By E. W. Roberts, M. E. Price $1. + + ON YACHT ETIQUETTE. Second Edition Revised. By Captain Howard + Patterson. Price $1. + + SOUTHWARD BY THE INSIDE ROUTE. Reprint from THE RUDDER. + + +RUDDER ~HOW-TO~ SERIES + +_Bound in blue buckram and gold, 8vo, illustrated_ + + HOW TO BUILD A SKIPJACK. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A RACER FOR $50. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A MOTOR LAUNCH. By Chas. D. Mower. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A KNOCKABOUT. By Chas. D. Mower. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A RACING SLOOP. By Chas. D. Mower. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A SHOAL-DRAUGHT SLOOP. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A FLATTIE OR SHARPIE. Reprint from THE RUDDER. Price $1. + + HOW TO BUILD A MODEL YACHT. By Herbert Fisher. Price $1. + + + + +On +Yacht Etiquette: + +WHAT TO DO, AND HOW TO DO IT. COURTESIES, +DISCIPLINE, CEREMONIES AND ROUTINE FOR +ANY AND ALL CIRCUMSTANCES. +DUTIES OF OFFICERS, ETC. + +BY +CAPTAIN HOWARD PATTERSON, + +_Principal of the New York Nautical College, +Formerly Commander of the New York School Ship “St. Mary’s”, +Master of Various Sail and Steam Yachts, +and Admiral of the Haytien Navy._ + +AUTHOR OF + +_The Navigator’s Pocket Book_; _Yachting Under American Statute_; _The +Illustrated Nautical Encyclopedia_; _The Yachtsman’s Kedge Anchor_; +_Yacht Sails_; _Hand Book for Masters and Mates_, _etc._ + +REVISED EDITION. + +NEW YORK AND LONDON; +THE RUDDER PUBLISHING COMPANY + +1903 + + + + +COPYRIGHT, 1903, + +BY + +CAPTAIN HOWARD PATTERSON + + PRESS OF + THOMSON & CO. + 9 MURRAY ST., + NEW YORK. + + + + + TO + + HOWARD GOULD, ESQ., + (NEW YORK YACHT CLUB) + + THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY HIS FRIEND, + THE AUTHOR. + + + + +PREFACE + + +It is to be understood that the owner of the yacht is styled as +“Captain” throughout this treatise, and it is eminently proper that +this should be, as the Government prescribes that the owner of a yacht +is entitled to take out her custom house and other papers as the lawful +and legalized “Master” of his vessel. + +It being impracticable to follow out naval rules strictly in the +matter of salutes, courtesies, ceremonies, etc., a modification of the +same has been arranged which will cover the requirements of yachting +and contribute dignity to such observances as are called for in the +foregoing. + +As stated under the head of “Duties and Responsibilities of Officers” +the rules and regulations laid down specially refer to the larger class +of steam yachts, but it is explained that these laws may be modified to +apply to smaller classes of pleasure vessels. + + + + +CONTENTS + + +COLORS IN GENERAL 11 + +SPECIAL LIGHTS 27 + +OFFICIAL CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES 29 + +SALUTES IN GENERAL 41 + +BOAT SERVICE 47 + +GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT 56 + +DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OFFICERS 65 + +SYNOPSIS OF U. S. YACHTING LAWS 82 + + + + +_YACHT ETIQUETTE_ + +[Illustration: RUDDER STATION FLAG] + + + + +COLORS IN GENERAL. + + + DETAILS CONCERNING YACHT FLAGS, AND HOW THEY ARE USED. + +The pennant is a triangular shaped flag, and is used for the club +burgee. The swallowtail is used for the captain’s (owner’s) private +signal. The rectangular flag is used principally for flag officers’ +distinguishing flags. The shape of the bunting will generally signify +whether the flag is that of the club, of a flag officer or of a +captain. The bunting used for flag officers’ distinguishing flags is +colored--blue for commodore, red for vice-commodore, and white for +rear-commodore. + +[Illustration: CLUB BURGEE] + +[Illustration: PRIVATE SIGNAL] + +[Illustration: COMMODORE’S FLAG] + + + TIME TO MAKE COLORS--PLACE TO DISPLAY SAME. + +When at anchor or underway, the ensign and colors of a yacht in +commission should be hoisted at 8 A. M. and kept flying until sunset +(local time). This does not apply to a flag officer, who should display +his official flag continuously (day and night) while in commission. +When at anchor the ensign is hoisted on the flagpole at the stern of +both steam and sail yachts, and when underway it is hoisted to the +after gaff-end on sailing vessels; but is retained on the pole in +the case of steam yachts, although it may be hoisted to the gaff-end +if desired. The burgee should be hoisted to the foretopmast head on +schooners, and the private signal at the maintopmast. In the case of +yawls, the ensign may be hoisted to the mizzenmast head, both when at +anchor and when underway, and the burgee may be hoisted to the mainmast +head when at anchor and the private flag when underway, the same as on +cutters, sloops and chief officers, or the yawl may be considered as +a schooner and the bunting displayed as for the latter vessel. In the +case of a launch the burgee should be flown from the bow pole. Flag +officers’ signals should be flown from the truck of a cutter, sloop or +catboat, the main truck of a schooner, yawl or steamer, and the bow +pole of a launch. The church pennant is hoisted over the ensign during +divine service. (See “Colors to be Flown in Yacht’s Boats.”) + +[Illustration: YACHT ENSIGN] + +[Illustration: CHURCH FLAG] + + + SENIOR OFFICER PRESENT TO GIVE THE TIME FOR COLORS AND SUNSET. + +The time for making colors and sunset should be taken from the senior +officer’s yacht present, whether he is on board or not, and the only +gun fired for colors and sunset should be the one on such senior’s +yacht. + + + AT ANCHOR WITH NAVAL VESSEL OR OFF A NAVAL STATION. + +When a yacht is in company with a vessel of her own navy, or at anchor +off a naval station, she should regulate the time for colors and sunset +to such vessel or station. + + + VISITING HOME WATERS OF ANOTHER YACHT CLUB. + +Yachts visiting the home waters of another club (provided such waters +are other than their own) should take their time for colors and sunset +from the yacht of the senior officer of such club present. + + + ENTERING OR LEAVING PORT BEFORE COLORS OR AFTER SUNSET. + +When a yacht enters port in the morning before colors are made, or in +the evening after sunset, her ensign, club burgee and private signal +should be displayed and kept flying until the yacht comes to anchor, +when they should be hauled down--provided there be sufficient light for +the colors to be recognized. + + + NIGHT PENNANT. + +During the night (between sunset and colors) the yacht should fly a +night pennant at the maintopmast head, or in the case of a three-mast +vessel, at the mizzenmast head--except in the case of flag officers. + + + ABSENT FLAG. + +During the absence of the captain from the yacht, a blue rectangular +flag (called Absent Flag) should be kept flying from daylight until +dark at the starboard main spreader of a fore-and-aft vessel, or on the +starboard main-yard arm of a square-rigged vessel. The private signal +(or flag officer’s pennant), however, is to be kept flying, whether the +captain is on board or not. + +[Illustration: ABSENCE FLAG] + + + SINGLE STICKERS--WHERE, WHEN AND HOW TO FLY BURGEE AND PRIVATE SIGNAL. + +Single-masted vessels should not fly the private signal on the same +halliards as the club burgee. When at anchor the club burgee should be +displayed, and when underway the private signal, except when on the +annual cruise of the club, when the club burgee should be flown both at +anchor and underway. + + + MEAL PENNANTS. + +Meal Pennants may be hoisted during hours when the colors are not +displayed. + +During the meal hours of the captain, when the yacht is at anchor, a +white rectangular flag should be flown at the starboard main spreader, +and when same is exhibited, guests are politely debarred. During the +meal hours of the crew a red pennant should be flown from the port +fore spreader, and at such times boat crews should not be called away +unnecessarily. Of course, on a “single-sticker” the white flag and red +meal pennant must both be flown from the same mast, but they will be +exhibited on their proper sides. After dark a white light should be +shown from the starboard main spreader to indicate that the captain is +at dinner. Meal flags should not be flown when the yacht is underway. +In a square-rigged yacht the captain’s meal pennant should be flown +from the starboard main yard arm, and the crew’s meal pennant at the +port fore yard arm. (See Dinner Light.) + +[Illustration: OWNER’S MEAL FLAG] + +[Illustration: CREW’S MEAL FLAG] + + + COLORS TO BE FLOWN IN YACHT’S BOATS. + +The yacht’s gig, launch, etc., when brought to the gangway or when +away from the yacht, shall display the ensign at the stern. While the +captain is in the boat, the private signal should be displayed at the +bow. If a club member is in the boat without the captain, a club burgee +should be displayed at the bow. + + + ENSIGN TO BE EXHIBITED WHEN PASSING NAVAL VESSELS, LIGHTHOUSES, + MILITARY POSTS, ETC. + +The yacht ensign should be exhibited when at sea on falling in with +naval vessels, or when approaching lightships, lighthouses, signal +stations and military posts. + + + FLAG OFFICER’S PENNANT. + +Flag officers fly a pennant at the main on yachts and on the forward +flagstaff of gigs, to distinguish their rank. These pennants take the +place of the yacht’s private signal. + + + YACHT SHORT-HANDED. + +If the yacht is short-handed, two flags may be bent on to the same set +of halliards, so that while one flag is being sent aloft the other may +be coming down. + + + BURGEE AND PRIVATE SIGNAL MAY BE BROKEN OUT. + +The club burgee and private signal may be “made up” and mast-headed +previous to colors, and “broken out” when the signal for colors is +given, but the ensign should never be made up and broken out. + + + COLORS TO BE WELL HOISTED. + +Daylight should never show between the head of a flag and the truck. + + + MASTLESS YACHTS. + +On mastless yachts the colors are exhibited on staffs placed forward +and aft. + + + NATIONAL MOURNING. + +On occasions of national mourning the ensign should be half-masted, but +the burgee and private signal should be kept mast-headed, unless the +official was a member of the club whose flag you are flying, in which +case the club burgee should be half-masted. + + + DEATH OF CAPTAIN. + +In the event of the death of the captain on shore, both the club burgee +and private signal of his yacht should be kept half-masted from colors +until sunset on the day of his funeral, but the ensign should be kept +fully hoisted during the same time. If, on the other hand, the death +should occur on board while the yacht is in port, then the ensign also +should be half-masted as soon as the body leaves the vessel for the +shore, and the ensign should be kept so flying until sunset of the +same day. Should the burial of the Captain take place at sea, then +the ensign of the vessel and the captain’s private signal should be +displayed at half-mast at the commencement of the ceremony and kept +flying until its conclusion, when the ensign and private signal should +be hauled down. + + + DEATH OF FLAG OFFICER. + +On the occasion of the death of a flag officer while his yacht is +in port, his pennant should be hauled down at sunset on the day of +his funeral, and should not be again hoisted--the yacht’s private +signal taking its place. If the funeral takes place at sea, then the +pennant should be hauled down with the ensign at the conclusion of the +ceremonies. + + + DEATH OF CLUB MEMBER. + +When mourning is ordered for the death of a club member, the burgee +only is half-masted, and this should be observed whether underway or at +anchor. + + + HOW TO HALF-MAST COLORS. + +The ensign, burgee and private signal (also flag officer’s pennant) +should always be mast-headed before they are half-masted. + + + SALUTING WITH ENSIGN AT HALF-MAST. + +Whenever it becomes necessary to salute with the ensign while it is +flying at half-mast, it must be mast-headed before it is dipped, and +mast-headed again before it is half-masted after the salute. + + + HAULING DOWN HALF-MAST COLORS. + +Before hauling down half-masted colors, always mast-head them first. + + + DEATH OF ONE OF THE CREW. + +In the event of the death of the Sailing-Master, mate, or other +officer, or one of the crew at sea, the ensign of the yacht should be +half-masted during the funeral ceremony. Should the death of one of the +above occur on board while the yacht is in port, then the ensign should +be half-masted from the time that the body leaves the yacht until the +return of the boat that conveyed the body to the shore. + + + PERMISSION TO HALF-MAST COLORS TO BE OBTAINED. + +No yacht of a fleet other than that of the senior officer present +should ever half-mast her colors until permission to do so has been +obtained. + + + HOURS FOR HALF-MASTING COLORS. + +Funeral honors in the way of half-masting colors should not be paid +before sunrise nor after sunset. + + + BOAT ENGAGED IN FUNERAL CEREMONY. + +When a boat is engaged in funeral ceremonies in conveying a body to the +shore, the ensign in the stern should be kept half-masted until the +body is landed. + + + MAKING COLORS. + +About five minutes before colors, have the club and private signals, +night pennant and ensign halliards manned, the boat-boom guys tended, +and a hand stationed at the ship’s bell. As soon as the signal is given +for colors, call: “Strike eight bells and hoist away!” At this instant +swing out the boat booms, haul down the night pennant, and send aloft +the bunting. The flags may be sent up in stops before eight bells, and +broken out on the first stroke of the bell, but the ensign should never +be broken out, and should be hoisted slowly. + + + MAKING SUNSET. + +About fifteen minutes before the time given for sunset, have the anchor +light, gangway light, and signal light or lights all ready, the boats +either hoisted or dropped astern, and the night pennant bent on. About +five minutes before sunset, station the men at the boom guys, club +and private signals and ensign halliards, anchor-light whip, gangway +light, and, if a flagship, the distinguishing lights. If you are the +flagship you will also have a gunner stationed at the offshore gun, +and wait, watch in hand (care should be observed to have it on correct +local time), for the time given for sunset. But if you are taking time +from another vessel, or from the shore, the time need not concern you; +simply await the sunset signal; then call, “Haul down!” At this instant +let go the forward boat-boom guys and swing the booms in. Observe that +the club, private signal, and ensign are hauled down (the two former +preserving the same height to one another until they reach the deck) +and that the night pennant and anchor light go aloft as soon as the +order to haul down is given. Arrange the gangway lights, and make the +bunting up neatly and stow it away in the flag locker. If the boats are +riding astern, give them a short painter to prevent them from being +run over by vessels coming in to anchor, or passing under your stern, +and never allow a boat to ride astern without a white light in same. +If boat booms remain swung out, they should have a white light at the +outboard end. + + + DAY SIGNALS FOR PILOTS. + +The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when displayed together or +separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot, in the day +time: 1st, To be hoisted at the fore, the Jack or other national +color usually worn by merchant ships, having round it a white border +one-fifth of the breadth of the flag; or, 2d, The International Code +Pilotage Signal, indicated by Flag “S.”. + + + NIGHT SIGNALS FOR PILOTS. + +The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when used or displayed +together, or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot, in +the nighttime; 1st, The pyrotechnic light, commonly known as a blue +light, every fifteen minutes; or, 2d, a bright white light, flashed or +shown at short intervals, just above the bulwarks, for about a minute +at a time. + + + SIGNAL FOR TOWING-BOAT. + +The signal for a towing-boat is made by setting the ensign in the main +rigging a little above the deck. + + + DRESSING SHIP. + +The prettiest mode of dressing a ship with flags is to make an arch of +them from the jib-boom end to the foretopmast head, thence across to +the maintopmast head, and down to the main boom end, allowing two or +more flags to hang down under the jib-boom end and the main boom end +respectively, with a lead attached to the end of each line to keep the +flags from flying around. Hoisted to the trucks, by the regular signal +halliards, should be the ensign Jack, or the flags of the nation in +whose port the ship is lying, or the distinguishing flags of the person +whom it is desired to honor. The arch of flags should be hoisted so as +to give the former flags room to display themselves. Have blocks at the +topmast heads for the fore-and-aft strings of arch flags, and hoist the +flags to them by means of a whip. The flying jib halliards will do +to hoist the foremost part of the arch (from the jib-boom end to the +foretopmast head). Care should be taken and taste must be exercised in +selecting and placing the flags, and rectangular flags should alternate +with pennants. Reeve off the three arch halliards and measure the +distance in the three clear parts, by marking the halliards so that +you will know what length of flags to bend on, and thus avoid the +inconvenience and annoyance of sending the string on deck after they +have once been hoisted, for the purpose of alterations. In addition +to stopping the flags to the halliards on the head and tack, take a +couple of stitches to the halliards about midway. The Jack should be +hoisted on the Jack-staff on the bowsprit. In reeving off the halliards +for the span between the fore and maintopmast heads, let the ends (or +hauling parts) lead through single blocks and down alongside of the +fore and main masts, respectively, bending the flags on to the bight, +and trice up by the two parts, manned at the same time that the flags +are sent aloft. At sunset come up with your outhauls, and the forward +and after strings of flags will come inboard, and can then be lowered +away. Just before “colors” send the two mast-head ensigns aloft “made +up.” When the signal is made, hoist away on the arch halliards, and, +at the instant the flags reach home, “break out” the ensign and the +Jack. Pennants and square flags should be bent on alternately. Another +mode of dressing ship is by “up-and-down” flags--that is, by flying +a string of flags from each topmast head to the deck. Flag officers’ +pennants and burgees should not be used in dressing ship, nor should +the ensign of any foreign nation be displayed, except it is desired to +compliment such nation, when it should be flown from the main truck. +When a yacht is dressed all her lowered boats should fly the ensign, +whether underway or riding to the boat booms. On special occasions a +steam yacht underway, or a sailing yacht being towed, may dress ship. + +[Illustration: UNION JACK] + + + COMMODORE OF A CLUB ON A CRUISE WITH ANOTHER CLUB IN WHICH HE IS A + MEMBER. + +In such an event the Commodore should not fly his rank flag, but should +fly the club flag of the cruising club, and should also fly his private +signal, so as not to exhibit evidence of his flag rank in any way. In +other words, he should act simply as a Captain during the cruise, or +while he remains with the squadron. When at anchor with the squadron +at night, he should display only the Captain’s light, the same as the +other Captains, and never, under any circumstances, show Commodore’s +lights. + + + FLAG OFFICER OF A CLUB ENTERING HARBOR OF ANOTHER CLUB IN WHICH HE IS + A MEMBER. + +In this case circumstances govern. Should the Commodore enter said +harbor, either alone or while on a cruise with his squadron, he should +fly his Commodore’s pennant and club flag; but if he is cruising +independently, after relegating his command to his junior, and is at +anchor in the harbor of a yacht club to which he belongs, then, if he +elects to fly the latter’s club flag, he should do so together with his +private signal; but he should not fly his Commodore’s pennant with a +club flag other than that of which he is Commodore. + + + USE OF COMMODORE’S PRIVATE SIGNAL. + +The Commodore’s private signal should be used only on such occasions as +he does not fly his Commodore’s pennant--cruising with another club in +which he is a member, etc. + + + COMMODORE’S PENNANT NIGHT AND DAY. + +The Commodore’s flag shall not be hauled down at sunset, but shall be +flown day and night. Should it be desired to substitute an old pennant +for service during the night, then send aloft the old pennant made up, +and break it out before commencing to lower the other. Of course, +this requires two sets of halliards, which should always be rove on a +flagship. + + + THE JACK--WHEN DISPLAYED. + +The Jack should be set on Sundays, also on all occasions of ceremony, +the same being flown from a staff on the bowsprit. Wash clothes should +not be hung up when the Jack is exhibited. + + + + +SPECIAL LIGHTS. + + + COMMODORE’S LIGHTS. + +Between sunset and colors, when in harbor, the Commodore shows two blue +lights in globular lanterns suspended perpendicularly at the after +gaff-end, or on the flagpole at the stern. + + + VICE-COMMODORE’S LIGHTS. + +The Vice-Commodore shows the same number of lights as the Commodore, +and in the same place, but the color is red. + + + REAR-COMMODORE’S LIGHTS. + +The Rear-Commodore also shows the same number of lights and in the same +place as prescribed for the Commodore, but the color is white. + + + ABSENT LIGHT. + +At night a blue lantern should be substituted for the blue absent flag, +and hoisted at the starboard main spreader or yard arm. + + + DINNER LIGHT. + +A white light hung at the starboard main spreader or yardarm after +sunset has the same significance as the white meal pennant. + + + WHITE LANTERNS UNDER THE BOOM. + +These are used for illuminating the after deck and have no official +significance. + + + + +OFFICIAL CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES. + + + QUARTER-DECK TO BE SALUTED. + +The quarter-deck should always be saluted by officers and men, by +touching or raising the cap, upon coming over the gangway when boarding +or leaving their own or another yacht, or a naval vessel. + + + YACHT JOINING A SQUADRON MUST REPORT. + +When joining a squadron, a yacht must report to the commanding officer +of the squadron, by the owner of said yacht visiting in person the +flag officer in charge, and a yacht should never part company with the +squadron without receiving permission so to do. + + + SENIOR OFFICER TO RETURN SALUTES AND VISITS. + +The senior officer present is in command of all the yachts at the +anchorage that are flying the burgee of the club he represents, and it +is his duty to make and return salutes and visits. + + + SENIOR OFFICER TO TENDER CIVILITIES TO VISITING YACHT--CAPTAIN OF + VISITING YACHT TO PAY RESPECTS IN PERSON. + +When a yacht visits the home waters of another club, and after salutes +have been exchanged, the senior officer present representing such home +club should send to the visiting yacht a tender of the civilities of +the club, after which the Captain of the visiting yacht should pay his +respects in person to the commanding officer of the anchorage. + + + RECEPTION OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. + +The President of the United States should be received at the gangway +of the yacht by the commanding officer of such, and should be piped +over the side by the boatswain--the crew being drawn up in line on +the port side of the deck. As the President reaches the deck, the +President’s flag should be broken out at the main-topmast-head, and +one gun fired from the yacht in salute to same, while the Captain, +officers and crew should raise their caps in salute. When the President +leaves, the crew should be stationed as before, and the Captain should +escort the President to the gangway, where the Boatswain should be +stationed as before, to blow the pipe and raise his cap, together with +the crew, as the President reaches the rail. One gun should be fired +and the President’s flag hauled down as soon as the boat conveying the +President shoves off from the yacht’s side. Provided the President +embarks in one of the yacht’s boats, his flag should be carried on +the flagpole in the bows of the boat, while the President is in it, +and the yacht’s ensign should be carried at the stern, as usual. The +Sailing-Master of the yacht should be detailed to take charge of the +yacht’s boat that carries the President. The Captain’s gig should +always be the boat employed in transporting guests whom it is desired +to specially honor. + + + RECEPTION OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. + +The Vice-President of the United States should receive the same honors +as prescribed for the President, except that the national flag should +be substituted for the President’s flag and only one salute fired, +which should take place when the Vice-President leaves. A small +national flag should be carried on the flagstaff in the bows of the +yacht’s boat while conveying the Vice-President. + + + RECEPTION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY. + +The Secretary of the Navy of the United States should receive the +same honors as prescribed for the Vice-President, substituting the +distinguishing flag of the Secretary. + + + RECEPTION OF OTHER CABINET OFFICERS. + +Other Cabinet officers should receive the same honors as prescribed for +the Secretary of the Navy, except that there is no distinguishing or +special bunting to be used. + + + RECEPTION OF THE GOVERNOR OF A STATE. + +The Governor of a State should be received with the same honors as +prescribed for the Vice-President, except that the flag of his State +should be substituted, both at the main-topmast-head and in the bows of +the yacht’s boats. + + + RECEPTION OF A FOREIGN SOVEREIGN. + +A foreign sovereign or the chief magistrate of any foreign country +should be received on board with the same honors as prescribed for the +President of the United States, except that the flag of his country +should be substituted. + + + RECEPTION OF A MEMBER OF A ROYAL FAMILY. + +A member of a royal family should receive the same honors as prescribed +for their sovereign, except that only one salute be fired, which should +take place at the time the honored guest leaves the yacht. + + + RECEPTION OF NAVAL AND ARMY OFFICERS. + +A naval or army officer should be received at the gangway of the yacht +by the Captain, and should be piped over the side by the Boatswain, +who should stand alongside the gangway and keep his cap lifted while +blowing his pipe. Upon leaving, the Captain should escort his guest +to the gangway and should observe that the Boatswain is stationed +as before to wind his call as the officer goes over the yacht’s +side. If the naval or army officer is of the rank of Commodore or +Lieutenant-Colonel, or higher, a gun may be fired after the boat +containing the guest has shoved off from the yacht’s side. Provided the +yacht’s boat is used by the guest, one of the yacht’s deck officers +should be sent in charge of same. + + + RECEPTION OF MEMBERS OF THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS. + +Members of the Diplomatic Corps of the rank of Minister should be given +the same honors as prescribed for Cabinet officers, and if below the +rank of Minister, they should be given the same honors as prescribed +for naval and army officers. + + + RECEPTION OF OTHER OFFICIALS. + +Other high officials not mentioned in the foregoing may have such +honors accorded them in visiting the yachts as may be consistent with +the rules laid down. + + + RECEPTION OF FLAG OFFICERS. + +Refer to “Salutes in General,” next chapter. + + + CEREMONY OF PUTTING A YACHT IN COMMISSION. + +The ceremony of putting a yacht in commission is exceedingly simple. +As a rule, this takes place as soon as the yacht is in proper +sailing trim--that is, when the bright woodwork, etc., is scraped +and varnished, standing rigging set up, running rigging rove off, +decks cleaned, sails bent, etc. The officers and men appear on deck, +in uniform, and the club burgee and the Captain’s private signal are +“made up” and hoisted to their respective trucks; then the Captain +(the Sailing-Master may be authorized to act in the former’s place) +addresses the Sailing-Master: “Mr. ----, I declare the yacht ‘----’ +in commission.” When this is said, the Sailing-Master orders the +burgee and private signal to be “broken out” and the yacht ensign +hoisted--this consummates the putting of the yacht in commission. + + + CEREMONY OF PUTTING THE YACHT OUT OF COMMISSION. + +The ceremony of going out of commission consists simply of the +following: Before the unbending of sail or the dismantling of the yacht +in any way, the crew appear on deck in uniform, and the club burgee, +private signal and ensign halliards are manned. The owner addresses +the Sailing-Master: “Mr. ----, I declare the yacht ‘----’ out of +commission.” Upon this the Sailing-Master orders a gun to be fired and +the burgee, private signal and ensign lowered. The dismantling of the +yacht may then commence. + + + COMMODORE’S DUTIES IN REGARD TO THE CEREMONY OF PUTTING THE CLUB IN + COMMISSION, AND OPENING THE CLUBHOUSE FOR THE SEASON. + +After the date of the opening day of the Clubhouse has been fixed upon +by the Commodore and House Committee (which usually occurs between the +1st and 15th of May, and in some instances later), the Secretary, at +the request of the Commodore, or according to the regulations of the +club, notifies all members, at least ten days in advance, by mail, that +the club will open on this certain day and date, and the time selected +is usually 12.00 noon. + +After the arrival of the members, the Commodore calls them to order +in the Clubhouse, and in his own words tells them of his pleasure +in seeing them, and impresses upon each officer, committee, and the +members in general the importance of observing the laws and regulations +of the club, and expresses his wishes for the success of the club for +the coming season. The Commodore then advises that all assemble in +front of the Clubhouse around the flagpole, or on the veranda, for the +purpose of putting the club in commission. While the Commodore has +been addressing the members, the employees of the club have bent all +flags to their halliards and loaded the cannon. One man is stationed at +each signal halliard and one at the cannon, standing by. The Commodore +proceeds a little in advance of members and guests, and at a signal +from him (usually a waving of the hand, previously agreed upon) the +gun is fired, the signals run up, and at the same time the Commodore +announces: “I declare the ---- Yacht Club in commission.” All the +yachts in the harbor should have dressed ship in advance, and should +salute the club by firing a gun as quickly as possible after the gun of +the Clubhouse has been fired. + +This concludes the act of putting the club in commission. + + + COMMODORE’S DUTIES DURING THE PERIOD THAT THE YACHT CLUB IS IN + COMMISSION. + +While the club is in commission the Commodore should deem it incumbent +upon him to be watchful concerning the general management of the club; +to observe that the various officers are alive to their duties; that +the rules and regulations are enforced and obeyed, and that harmony +prevails. + +The Commodore should preside at all general meetings of the club at +the Clubhouse; but in the event of his anticipated absence he should +delegate the Vice-Commodore to preside, who, in turn, will notify the +Rear-Commodore should he find himself unable to attend. In the absence +of the three Commodores, the Fleet Captain will preside, and in case of +the latter’s absence the Senior Captain present will take the chair, +call the meeting to order and transact the business of same. + +In all cases of dispute in club matters, the Commodore and Board of +Trustees should be the arbitrators. + +Before the season arrives for the commissioning of the club, the +Commodore should name his Fleet Captain, Fleet Surgeon and Chaplain, +etc.--in fact, the sooner he names the same after his election as +Commodore the better. + +In the selection of his Fleet Captain the Commodore should be careful +to appoint a gentleman of experience in yachting, as such a one will +prove invaluable to the chief Flag Officer, taking a great amount of +responsibility and care and detail away from the latter. + +In case the Fleet Captain has no yacht of his own, the Commodore’s +yacht should be open to him on all possible occasions, as a matter +of courtesy, and on a cruise of the club, whether the Fleet Captain +possesses a yacht or not, his place is on the flagship, in constant +official attendance upon the Commodore, and in supervision of the fleet +from the flagship’s bridge or quarter-deck. + +The Fleet Captain should, under the authority of the Commodore, +direct all the movements of the fleet when on the annual, or any +special cruise, and the crew of the flagship should be notified by +the Commodore to execute the orders of the Fleet Captain upon such +occasions. + +Should the Commodore decide to be absent from the club station for +several days, he should notify the Vice-Commodore, so that during such +absence the latter might assume the duties of Commodore should some +special occurrence be experienced. + + + THE COMMODORE’S DUTIES WHEN THE CLUB IS GOING OUT OF COMMISSION. + +When the date of going out of commission is fixed, all the members, +at the request of the Commodore, are notified, through the Secretary, +by mail, to attend this special meeting, in order to put the club out +of commission. In some instances the Secretary, Treasurer and various +committees submit their reports at this meeting, other times, again, +the reports are not submitted until some time later in the autumn +or winter. After all the business of this stated meeting has been +transacted, the Commodore thanks each and all for the great aid he has +received from them all, also mentioning about the success of the club +for the past season. He then proposes that they proceed to put the club +out of commission. The signal halliards and cannon have been manned, +and at a given signal from the Commodore the gun is fired, flags are +hauled down, and the Commodore at the same time says: “I now declare +the ---- Yacht Club out of commission.” If there are yachts at anchor +off the Clubhouse they should salute the club by firing their guns. + +NOTE.--It is customary on the occasion of the yacht club going out of +commission to have a banquet for members and guests. + + + HONORS TO THE CAPTAIN WHEN EMBARKING AND DISEMBARKING. + +When the Captain is seen coming off to the yacht, it should so be +reported to the Sailing-Master (provided he is on board, and, in +his absence, to the Mate), who will at once station one of the +Quarter-Masters, or one of the crew, at the “absent flag” halliards, +and the Boatswain at the gangway, to blow a pipe as the Captain comes +over the side, and, as the gig comes alongside the gangway, the +Sailing-Master will face the side, and as the Captain steps over the +rail, the Sailing-Master and Boatswain will salute by touching the cap +visor, and the absent flag will be hauled down. The gig will remain +alongside for orders. The Sailing-Master, after ascertaining the +Captain’s wishes in regard to the gig, will either order it hoisted or +hauled out to the boom. When intending to leave the ship, the Captain +should send word to that effect to the Sailing-Master (or to the Mate, +in the absence of the former), who will see that the gig is dropped +down to the starboard gangway and properly manned, when it will then +be reported as ready to the Captain. The Sailing-Master and Boatswain +will then take their stations at the gangway, having a hand stationed +at the absent flag halliards; and as the Captain passes them to enter +the boat, the Boatswain will wind his call and touch his cap, and the +Captain shall receive and return the Sailing-Master’s salute. The +absent flag will be broken out as the boat shoves off. On entering or +leaving the gig the Captain should be saluted by the Coxswain only. + + + DUTIES OF THE FLEET CAPTAIN. + +The Fleet Captain is appointed by the Commodore as his executive +officer, and retains his position at the pleasure of the Commodore. His +appointment is based upon his practical yachting experience, that he +may be enabled to transact all official business in connection with the +fleet; to decide questions of etiquette, and to relieve the Commodore +of the details of squadron evolution. Orders of the Commodore, or +Acting Commodore, should be issued through the Fleet Captain, and +endorsed by the latter; but only when the order bears the autograph +signature of the Fleet Captain should the word “official” be used. The +Fleet Captain’s flag should be carried on the forward staff of any +launch or boat that he may be in charge of. + + + + +SALUTES IN GENERAL. + + + GUNS BETWEEN SUNSET AND COLORS. + +Guns fired between sunset and colors are considered signals of distress. + + + GUNS ON SUNDAY. + +Guns should not be fired on Sunday, either in the way of a salute or +when getting underway or when coming to anchor. + + + COLORS AND SUNSET GUN TO BE FIRED BY SENIOR OFFICER’S YACHT. + +When in company with one or more yachts of the same club, the gun fired +to make colors or sunset should be that of the yacht of the senior +officer of such club present, whether he is on board his vessel or not. + + + YACHTS TO SALUTE NAVAL VESSELS. + +All yachts should salute naval vessels of their own or any other +friendly country, by dipping the ensign. It is customary for yachts to +salute a naval vessel by dipping the ensign once. + + + DIPPING THE ENSIGN. + +In no case is the ensign to be dipped more than once in one salute. + + + YACHTS PASSING TO SALUTE. + +Yachts passing should salute each other by dipping the ensign once--the +junior saluting first. + + + YACHTS MEETING AT SEA TO SALUTE. + +In meeting at sea yachts should salute each other, and this salute +should consist of simply dipping the ensign once. + + + STEAM WHISTLES NOT TO BE USED IN SALUTING. + +Steam whistles and sirens should not be employed in making or +exchanging salutes between steam yachts or launches. + + + TO SALUTE UPON ENTERING HARBOR. + +Upon entering harbor, Captains should salute the commanding officer of +the anchorage by firing one gun or by dipping the ensign once at the +time the anchor is dropped. + + + SALUTE TO A YACHT ENTERING HARBOR. + +The salute to be made to a yacht entering port and entitled to a +salute consists of dipping the ensign once, or the firing of a gun when +the arriving yacht drops her anchor. + + + SPECIAL SALUTE TO COMMODORE ENTERING HARBOR. + +On the occasion of the Commodore entering harbor to assume personal +command of his squadron, he should be saluted on coming to anchor (and +not before) by each yacht of the squadron. This salute should consist +of the firing of one gun from each yacht, or by the dipping once of the +ensign. This salute should be acknowledged by the firing of one gun by +the flagship. + + + ORDINARY SALUTE TO COMMODORE ENTERING HARBOR. + +On ordinary occasions, when the Commodore’s yacht enters harbor his +flag should only be saluted with one gun from the yacht of the senior +officer of such club present, or by the dipping of the ensign once from +such senior’s yacht, and this salute should be acknowledged in kind by +the Commodore. + + + JUNIOR OFFICER’S YACHT ENTERING HARBOR. + +When a junior flag officer’s yacht enters harbor, his flag should be +saluted when his yacht comes to anchor by one gun, or by the single +dipping of the ensign, from the yacht of the senior officer present, +provided the latter is inferior in rank to the arriving flag officer; +otherwise the arriving officer will salute the flag of the officer in +command of the anchorage with one gun or by the single dipping of the +ensign when his yacht drops anchor. + + + SENIOR OFFICER LEAVING HARBOR. + +A senior officer leaving harbor should indicate that he has transferred +his command to the officer next below him in rank, by firing a gun or +by dipping his ensign once upon getting under way. + + + FLAG OFFICER MAKING OFFICIAL VISIT. + +When a flag officer makes an official visit between colors and sunset, +his flag should be run up to the fore-topmast-head of the yacht visited +and broken out as soon as he boards the same. Upon leaving, one gun +should be fired and his flag hauled down after he has entered the boat +alongside and it has been shoved off from the yacht. + + + OFFICIAL SALUTE TO ANOTHER CLUB. + +An official salute to another club should be made by hoisting the +burgee of such club to the fore-topmast-head and firing one gun. After +the salute has been returned, or a reasonable time for the return of +such allowed, the burgee should be hauled down and the yacht’s own +burgee hoisted. In the absence of the burgee of the club that is being +saluted the yacht’s own burgee may be half-masted while the salute is +given. + + + POSTPONED SALUTES. + +Salutes postponed on account of Sunday, or owing to the arrival of a +yacht after sunset, should be made immediately after colors on the +following morning. + + + JUDGES’ YACHT NOT TO BE SALUTED. + +During a race a yacht acting as Judge’s boat should not be saluted. + + + SALUTES BETWEEN SQUADRONS OF DIFFERENT CLUBS. + +When squadrons of different clubs meet, whether in harbor or at sea, +salutes should be exchanged only by the commanding officers of such +squadrons. + + + SALUTES BETWEEN SINGLE YACHT AND SQUADRON. + +Salutes from single yachts to a squadron should be answered only by the +commanding officer of the squadron. + + + WHEN FIRING GUNS AND MAKING SIGNALS ARE PROHIBITED. + +Firing guns and making signals when under way with a squadron should +be carefully avoided, except in the line of duty. That is, no private +or personal signalling should go on between yachts, as the same might +easily be considered as levity and as lacking in respect to the +commanding officer of the squadron. + + + BOAT SALUTES. + +Salutes to be made between boats will be found under the head of “Boat +Service.” + + + SALUTE TO THE QUARTER-DECK. + +Upon boarding or leaving a yacht, the quarter-deck should be saluted by +touching the cap. + + + + +BOAT SERVICE. + + + PARTICULARS CONCERNING BOATS. + +Boats used on board yachts are known as gigs, cutters, life-boats, and +dingeys. + +Boats are built in three different ways, namely: The _carval-built_, +the planks fore and aft, the edges meeting but not overlapping. The +_clinker-built_, the planks fore and aft, the edges overlapping. The +_diagonal-built_, the planking running diagonally, the inside planks +running in a contrary direction to the outside planks, their edges +meeting. + +Boats are called _single_ or _double-banked_, according as they have +one or two rowers to a thwart. + +_Thwarts_ are the seats on which the crew sit; the space abaft the +after thwart is called the _stern-sheets_. + +The spaces for the oars in the wash streak of boats are called +_rowlocks_. + +Oars are made of ash or spruce; that part of the oar which is dipped +in the water is called the _blade_; the round part which is inboard, +the _loom_; the extremity of the loom, which is grasped by the rower’s +hand, the _handle_. + +Oars are called _double-banked_ when two men pull one oar. + +_Feathering_ is known as turning the blades nearly flat to the water +after the stroke, with the upper edge turned forward. + +_Boat-falls_ are purchases made with two blocks and a length of rope, +used for hoisting a boat to the davits. + +The _painter_ is a length of line made fast into a ring-bolt in the +stem of boats, used for making the boat fast, to tow by, etc. + +The _gunwale_ of a boat is the upper rail. + +The _yoke_ is a piece of wood or metal fitted across the head of a +boat’s rudder. + +_Yoke lines_ are pieces of rope made fast to the yoke by which the +rudder is turned and the boat steered. + +_Boat-davits_ are pieces of timber or iron projecting over a vessel’s +sides or stern to hoist boats up to. + +_A plug_ is the wooden stopper fitted into a hole in the bottom of the +boat to let in or keep out water. + +_Flooring_ is the bottom boards of the boat. + +_Boat booms_ are the booms on either side of a vessel to which the +boats ride when the ship is at anchor. + +_A boat-breaker_ is a small keg used for carrying fresh water. + +_A boat-recall_ is an understood signal made from the ship to summon a +boat to return. + +_Gripes_ are long strips of canvas leading from the davit ends, and +passing under a boat to secure it. They are set taut by lanyards. + +_Boat-fenders_ are small shapes of canvas or leather stuffed and hung +over a boat’s side to prevent it from being chafed and from chafing the +sides of the yacht. + +_Back Board_ is a board in the stern of the boat on which is often +printed the name of the yacht to which she belongs. + + + BOAT CEREMONY AND DISCIPLINE. + +The lading of the gig should be arranged so that juniors in rank and in +official importance should enter the boat first, and the one highest in +rank and importance should immediately precede the Captain, who should +always be the last to enter the boat and the first to disembark. The +disembarking should take place in the reverse order to the embarking, +so that the junior in rank should be the last to leave the boat. + + + BOAT ORDERS. + +In the following the gig is supposed to be manned, and lying alongside +the gangway. + +After the gig is reported ready to the Captain, he will direct his +guests to enter the boat, and after they are all seated he will receive +and return the Sailing-Master’s salute, then take his place in the +gig--care having been observed to leave the stern-sheets clear for him, +and the yoke lines ready to hand. + +The Captain will observe that his private signal is stepped in the +bows, that the seating of his guests does not interfere with the stroke +oarsman, and will then call: + +“SHOVE OFF FORWARD!” + +When this order is given, the man in the bows shoves the boat’s head +away from the ship’s side, stows his boat-hook, and lays his hands on +his oar. + +The next order is: “UP OARS!” “OARS APEAK” is sometimes wrongfully +employed. + +The crew will simultaneously seize and raise their proper oars briskly +to the vertical (keeping their eyes on the stroke oarsman), and hold +them thus directly in front of them, the blades being fore-and-aft, the +ends of the oars held clear of the boat’s bottom; the oarsmen sitting +on the port side of the boat holding the oars with right hands down, +and those sitting on the starboard side holding the oars with left +hands down. The oarsmen sitting on the port side of the boat pull the +starboard oars, and the oarsmen sitting on the starboard side of the +boat pull the port oars. + +The next command is: “LET FALL!” + +The oars must be dropped into the rowlocks together, care being taken +to prevent the blades from striking the water--blades flat to the water +and leveled. + +Next give the order: “GIVE WAY!” + +The boat is now underway, the crew taking the style of pulling from the +stroke oarsman. + +In running alongside of a vessel or float-stage, give the boat +sufficient impetus to “reach”; then call, while the blades are in the +water: “WAY ENOUGH!” + +The men will finish the stroke and then raise their oars simultaneously +to a vertical position, and lay them with as little noise as possible +amidships in the boat in a line with the keel, the blades pointing +forward. The stroke and bow oarsmen seize their boat-hooks, and as the +boat runs alongside they stop its way and hold it. + +With four or more oared boat, just before the order “WAY ENOUGH” is +given, the order “IN BOW” should be given to allow the man forward to +get in his oar and take his boat-hook in hand ready to fend off when +the boat comes alongside the landing. + + + BOAT SALUTES. + +Flag officers should display their pennants in the bows of boats when +underway, Captains their private signals, and members the club burgee. + +Salutes shall only be made to boats displaying flags as above. + +Junior flag officers, captains, and members in command of boats should +lie on their oars to the Commodore’s boat in passing, and at the same +time should raise their caps in salute. + +Sailing-Masters, under-officers and coxswains should order their crews +to lie on their oars to boats passing that display flag officers’ +pennants, and the one in charge of the boat should raise his cap in +salute. + +Seniors in rank acknowledge salutes by simply raising the cap, and do +not cease rowing. + +Captains and junior flag officers passing should salute each other by +raising the cap--the junior saluting first--but the crews will not lie +on their oars. + +The salutes from all boats under sail, being towed, or laden, should be +made by the one in charge raising his cap, and the way of such boats +should not be checked. + +When approaching your own or another yacht for the purpose of going +alongside, on being hailed, answer by giving the name of your yacht, if +a Captain, but if a Commodore, the reply should be “Flag.” + +If it is desired to cease rowing temporarily, give the order: “OARS!” +The crew will then lift the blades of their oars from the water, +holding the blades horizontally, and at right angles to the keel. + +When it is desired to continue rowing, simply call: “GIVE WAY!” + +When rowing, if passing so close to another boat that a collision of +oars seems probable, call: “TRAIL!” The men will keep their oars in the +rowlocks, but permit the blades to trail aft and alongside. When the +danger is past, call: “OARS!”--this brings the crew to attention, with +the oars in position to receive the order: “GIVE WAY!” + +Never allow a boat’s crew to splash the water with the blades of their +oars when the order to “LET FALL” is executed. + +Talking among a boat’s crew, or turning the head to observe any object, +while the boat is underway, should never be allowed. + +The starboard after oar is called the “stroke oar,” and gives +the stroke, the remainder of the crew taking the style from it; +consequently it should be manned by the best man in the boat--the +coxswain of a gig pulls the stroke oar when the Captain is in the boat. + +In rowing, the blade of each oar should be lifted as high as the +gunwale after it leaves the water, then feathered by dropping the +wrist. A short pause should then be made, and the oar next thrown well +forward, and dropped edgewise into the water, taking care to avoid +splashing. Now, rip the oar through the water with a hearty swing, and +then repeat as above. + +If it is required to turn a boat suddenly, or short round to starboard, +then give the order to “GIVE WAY PORT; BACK STARBOARD.” If it is +required to turn short to port, then “GIVE WAY STARBOARD; BACK PORT.” +When the boat is pointed aright, then, “GIVE WAY TOGETHER!” + +In backing, as in pulling, the crew should always keep stroke with the +after oar of their respective sides. + +Never send a boat away from a ship at night without being provided with +a lantern, as many a boat has been run down through inability to make +its presence known. + +Remember, in running alongside a ship or landing, that the deeper the +boat is freighted, the longer she will carry her way in the water. + +In leaving a ship in foggy weather, provide the boat with a fog-horn +and compass, and judge as nearly as possible the bearing of the landing +you wish to make. Take the opposite of this bearing to return to the +ship, making in both cases due allowance for tide. + +The boats should always be kept in perfect condition, and, unless the +crew are required to shift themselves, not more than three minutes +should elapse between the time the boat is called away and its arrival +at the gangway, manned and ready. + +Never send away a gig’s crew unless they are dressed alike, and look +“spick and span”; hat ribbons should always be worn by a boat’s crew, +unless racing hoods are used. + +Nothing shows the good discipline of a yacht more than efficient boat +service; and it is worthy of all pains and consideration. + +The ranking officer should always be the last to enter a boat, and the +first to leave it. He will, also, command the boat. + +To ride out a gale of wind in an open boat, lash the oars and bottom +boards together and weight them if possible. Span them with the boat’s +painter and pitch them overboard. This will keep the boat head to the +sea and prevent it from drifting fast. + +Assist the boat to keep head to the sea by the use of a steering oar. + +When crossing the bar of a river, if the water is much troubled, a +steering oar should be used and the rudder unshipped. + +In the case of a boat being unable to pull up to the ship against a +strong wind or tide, veer a line out from the ship with the end made +fast to a buoy or any floating material sufficient to sustain the +bight, and when this reaches the boat the crew can make the end of the +line fast to the ring in the stem, and the boat can then be hauled up. +Another way is to drop a boat astern with a line secured to its painter +and then haul them both up together. + +When two boats are approaching the same gangway, or landing stage, the +junior officer in rank should always give way to the senior. + + + + +GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT + + + SHIP’S BELLS. + +The manner of telling the time on board ship is by striking the bell. +Eight bells indicate midnight, 4 A. M., 8 A. M., noon, 4 P. M., and 8 +P. M. Thus it will be seen that every even four hours after midnight +brings 8 bells around. After midnight the first bell struck is 1, which +stands for half-past twelve; one o’clock is represented by 2 bells, +half-past one, by 3 bells; two o’clock by 4 bells; half-past two, by 5 +bells; three o’clock, by 6 bells; half-past three, by 7 bells; and four +o’clock, by 8 bells. + +At half-past four 1 bell is struck, and so on, in the above order, +until eight o’clock is made known by 8 bells again. + +The time should always be taken from the flagship, or the senior +officer’s yacht present. + + +TABLE: + + Midnight 8 bells. + 12.30 A. M. 1 bell. + 1.00 ” 2 bells. + 1.30 ” 3 ” + 2.00 ” 4 ” + 2.30 ” 5 ” + 3.00 ” 6 ” + 3.30 ” 7 ” + 4.00 ” 8 ” + 4.30 ” 1 bell. + 5.00 ” 2 bells. + 5.30 ” 3 ” + 6.00 ” 4 ” + 6.30 ” 5 ” + 7.00 ” 6 ” + 7.30 ” 7 ” + 8.00 ” 8 ” + 8.30 ” 1 bell. + 9.00 ” 2 bells. + 9.30 ” 3 ” + 10.00 ” 4 ” + 10.30 ” 5 ” + 11.00 ” 6 ” + 11.30 ” 7 ” + 12.00 noon 8 ” + + + THE BOATSWAIN’S CALL. + +On vessels where a good-sized crew is carried, the “Boatswain’s Call” +should be largely employed. + +The following should always be “piped”: + +The call to meals; the order to heave round; to order away boats; the +order to haul; the order to belay; the order to man the side; the order +to make colors; the order to make sunset; to call all hands; the call +to muster; to pipe down. + +It is impossible to explain on paper the regular man-o’-wars-man’s +“pipe” for the different orders, nor is it necessary that their style +should be followed out strictly on yachts--any understood combination +between the boatswain (or mate) and the crew will answer all the +purposes for which the “call” is intended. + +The following is offered: + +_The Call of Attention_: A long straight pipe. This is used as a +preface to the verbal call of all hands on deck or to muster. + +_To Call Away a Boat_: A long straight pipe, followed by the verbal +order: “AWAY GIG!” (or dingey or cutter, as the case may be). + +_The Call to Meals_: Three long, rolling pipes. + +_To Heave Round, or to Pull_: Several moderately short, straight pipes. + +_To Belay_: Two short, quick chirps, followed by a moderately short, +rolling pipe. + +_To Pipe the Side_: A prolonged straight pipe. (The Boatswain stands +facing the gangway, his “call” held to his mouth with his left hand, +while his right hand is raised to his cap in salute.) This pipe should +be made to the Captain, when coming on board or when leaving the yacht. +It should also be made to all other yacht commanders, dignitaries, and +officers of the army and navy. + +_To Make “Colors” or “Sunset”_: Two short, quick chirps, followed by a +long, rolling pipe. + +_To Pipe Down_: One long, straight, followed by a long, rolling pipe. + + + YACHT ROUTINE. + +As soon as a yacht is put in commission, the organization of the +officers and crew should be considered, so that everything may work +smoothly and harmoniously, to the satisfaction and peace of the Captain +and the manifest benefit of all concerned. The Sailing-Master should be +held responsible for this, and, in perfecting the details, of course, +he must be guided by the number of his crew. + +If, in washing down, cleaning bright work, etc., each man is given +a certain station and allotted a particular piece of work, it will +be found that matters will be greatly expedited, and the individual +tasks will be performed better, for the reason that the man is held +accountable for the appearance of his own part of the ship. + +Silence is one of the best evidences of discipline, and the officers +should set the example to the crew. When it is necessary to issue an +order let it be done in a quiet tone and avoid calling along the deck +as much as possible. The latter suggests the “coaster” and establishes +a bad precedent. + +When in port the quartermaster or the last anchor watch should turn out +the cook one hour before “all hands,” so that morning coffee may be +ready when the general call is made. + +Allow but twenty minutes between “turn out” and “turn to.” + +After pumping the bilges, wash down decks, wipe the sides around and +the bright wood of the rail skylights and companion way and then turn +all hands on to the brass work, using a chamois skin. + +Half an hour should be given the crew for breakfast (7 to 7.30 A. M.), +after which they should again be turned to, the brass work finished, +the decks tidied up, the crew dressed in their ordered uniform for +the day and everything ready for inspection by the Sailing-Master and +Captain (if the latter so desires). + +The Sailing-Master (or mate) should always have one of the men row him +around the vessel the last thing in the morning, to make sure that all +the running rigging is taut, no scratches or chafing on the sides; that +there are no evidences of grass or scum along the water-line, and that +everything is proper and ship-shape. + +One hour should be allowed for men for dinner--from 12 to 1. + +A good Sailing-Master will always find something for the crew to work +at during working hours. + +Smoking hours on deck should be regulated. + +Never allow smoking while the crew are at work about the decks. + +After supper (in port) allow the crew to smoke on the forward deck as +long as they please. + +Under no consideration ever permit a boat’s crew to smoke while in the +boat. + +In sending any boat ashore, the Sailing-Master (or, in his absence, the +mate), should always direct the boat where to land, and when to return +to the ship, except when the Captain is in the gig, who will direct his +own crew. + +The crew should be habituated to move smartly about the decks, and to +answer quickly and respectfully to their officers. + +In passing the Captain the crew should always salute by touching the +right hand to the cap, and the Captain should at all times acknowledge +same. + +In the case of a gig’s crew, the coxswain only should salute the +Captain, both on entering and leaving the gig. + +Mattresses and blankets should be thoroughly aired once every week, and +oftener should there have been damp weather. + +The Sailing-Master and mates should never be ashore at the same time +while the yacht is in commission. + +When coming to anchor, have the men stationed, and the instant the +anchor leaves the cat-head, fire a gun and swing out the boat booms, +except on Sundays, when no gun will be fired. If a salute is due, +however, it should be fired immediately after colors on Monday morning. + +When leaving anchorage, if a steam yacht, fire a gun the instant the +anchor is aweigh, and the bell is rung to go ahead, but if a sailing +yacht, fire a gun when the anchor is tripped, and the vessel fills away. + +On large yachts a quartermaster should always be on watch to give +notice to the officer of the deck on the approach of boats to the +vessel, signals made from other yachts, or from the shore. + +_Underway at Night_: Always have a lookout stationed forward, and in +case of unusual darkness or thick weather, it is better to have two +lookouts--one on either bow. As soon as a light or a sail is sighted, +it should be reported in clear sharp tones to the officer of the deck, +who will at once convince himself as to its character and whether his +vessel or the one reported has the “right of way” and act accordingly. + +_At Anchor at Night_: As soon as it is dark the “anchor watch” should +be set. According to the number of the crew available, the length of +time for each man to guard the deck should be regulated, so that from +the time the first anchor watch is set until all hands are called +in the morning, the watches shall be uniform, and no one man called +on deck twice during the night. It is the duty of the watch to keep +continually on the alert, examining the moorings occasionally, visiting +the quarter-deck, keeping an eye to the bright burning of the anchor +light, observing the drift lead, the swinging of his own vessel with +the tide, also of the vessels around him, and being careful that no +boat gets alongside his vessel unawares. In case a boat is seen making +for the yacht, it should be hailed--“BOAT-AHOY!” and if the hail is +answered satisfactorily, the boat can be allowed to board but, if +not, it must be warned off. In case of danger pound on the top of the +forecastle slide with anything available, at the same time calling +“ALL HANDS!” in a voice calculated to rouse the sleepers, and then, +until the deck is officered, act yourself under the circumstances, as +your common sense dictates. The anchor watch should strike the bells +regularly during the night. + +_Boat Hails_: All boats closely approaching a yacht at night should be +hailed by the officer of the deck or the watch. Replies should be as +follows: + + For Commodore intending to board, “Commodore.” + For Vice and Rear Commodores, “Flag.” + For Fleet Captain, “Fleet.” + For Captain, the name of his yacht. + For a Club Member, “Aye, Aye.” + For a visitor, “Visitor.” + For Sailing-Master and other yacht officers, “No, no.” + For one of the crew, “Hello.” + For passing boats, “Passing.” + +_Concerning Watches_: As soon as a yacht leaves port, bound on a +voyage, the crew should be divided into watches and the first regular +watch set at 8 P. M. on the day of sailing. The Captain always takes +the first watch out, and the Sailing-Master the first watch home. The +stewards, cooks, and waiters are known as “idlers” and they stand no +watch. + +The captain’s watch is called the “starboard” and the Sailing-Master’s +the “port” watch. + +If there is an uneven number of men in the forecastle, the odd man goes +into the captain’s watch by courtesy. + +Provided the yacht carries a mate, the captain’s watch is kept by him, +so that the captain has no regular deck duty, but goes and comes as he +pleases. + +The officer on watch is known as the “officer of the deck,” and, while +left in possession, his orders must be obeyed to the letter. He has +full powers to alter the course of the ship to avoid danger, to make or +alter, or take in sail, etc. + +The seven regular watches are named as follows: + + From midnight to 4 A. M. _the Mid Watch_. + ” 4 A. M. to 8 A. M. _the Morning Watch_. + ” 8 A. M. to noon _the Forenoon Watch_. + ” noon to 4 P. M. _the Afternoon Watch_. + ” 4 P. M. to 6 P. M. _the First Dog Watch_. + ” 6 P. M. to 8 P. M. _the Second Dog Watch_. + ” 8 P. M. to 12 midnight _the First Watch_. + + + + +DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OFFICERS. + + + NOTE. + +In the following treatise on the duties and responsibilities of the +Captain and his officers, the question of the steam yacht carrying +a goodly crew has been particularly considered but the rules, +regulations, etc., laid down for the government of such large craft may +easily be modified and brought within the compass of smaller steam and +sail yachts. + + + THE CAPTAIN. + +The Sailing-Master, mates, boatswain, carpenter, engineers, stewards, +the petty officers, such as quartermasters, cooks, oilers, boatswain’s +mates, etc., as well as every seaman, fireman, and waiter on board the +yacht are subject to the control and orders of the Captain. + +The Captain is responsible for the general equipment and general +management of his yacht, and for the vessel (when in commission) being +at all times fully found and provided with coals, water, provisions, +compasses, chronometers, charts, sextants, and other stores and +appliances requisite for the navigation of the yacht. Of course, these +duties may be assigned to the Sailing-Master by the Captain, but upon +the latter rests the responsibility of giving the necessary orders to +insure such performance. + +The Captain shall inspect the yacht every day to observe that +cleanliness and order is practised in the various departments--deck, +engineer and steward’s--and shall hold strictly accountable for each +department the officer in charge of same. + +The Captain shall see to it that the officers attend strictly to their +several duties, that no waste or extravagance in the way of stores and +provisions is allowed, and that the men under the different heads of +the departments are respectful and obedient to their superiors and move +smartly in the discharge of their duties. + +The Captain will observe that the officers and men respect the laws and +regulations of the ports visited by the yacht, and will issue strict +orders that contraband or dutiable articles for personal use shall not +be brought on board to cause trouble and annoyance upon the return of +the yacht to a home port, or upon an attempt to smuggle such articles +ashore in any other port. + +The Captain shall see to it that the crew are frequently exercised at +fire-quarters, and shall enforce the order that all boats are kept +ready for immediate lowering and that the fire hose is attached at +night and ready for use at a moment’s notice. + +The Captain will exact the observance of strict courtesy between the +officers of various departments and not allow undue familiarity between +them outside of their own quarters, and gambling between the officers +or between the men shall always be prohibited. + +The Captain will forbid private trading on the part of officers and +crew under any circumstances, and shall impress upon the minds of all +on board that the dignity of a gentleman’s private vessel is to be +upheld, and that loud or vulgar language will not be tolerated. + +The Captain will have reported to him all cases of misconduct on +the part of any of the crew, and will never permit punishment to be +inflicted unless by his express orders, and he will award the character +of the punishment after consulting with the Sailing-Master, engineer or +steward, according to the department in which the offender belongs. He +is responsible for any ill-treatment of the crew by his officers. + +If one of the crew die on board, the Captain must make an inventory of +his effects, entering same with the name, rank, etc., in the log-book, +and upon the arrival of the yacht in port, a report must be made to the +health-officer of the port. + +The Captain has the power to appoint his officers and has entire +command over them during the time they are on board. He may, for any +cause, suspend them from duty, and in case of mutinous conduct at sea, +he is justified in putting in irons any officer or any member of the +crew. The log-book must, according to law, set forth all that occurs +of an important nature during the voyage, especially such cases as +punishment inflicted, and for what cause, etc. + +Upon arrival in a foreign port, the Captain should go to the Custom +House, taking the bill of health and yacht’s papers and report his +arrival. + + + THE SAILING-MASTER. + +Under the head of “Yacht Routine,” in a preceding chapter, will be +found in detail the character of the deck work that the Sailing-Master +should see carried out. + +The Sailing-Master, when the yacht is underway, will never allow the +officer of the deck to leave the bridge unless regularly or temporarily +relieved. + +If the Sailing-Master disapproves of anything performed by one of the +officers, he should quietly call him aside and correct him, but he +should never do it within the hearing of the crew, as they may lose +respect for an officer who was not shown respect by an officer above +him. + +The Sailing-Master, mate, second mate, or any other officer, when in +charge of the deck, has full power over the yacht, as he represents the +authority of the Captain. + +The Sailing-Master will navigate the yacht and will be responsible to +the Captain for the safety and order of the vessel above and below +decks, and, provided he is entrusted to select the officers and +crew, he will be responsible to the Captain for their competency and +desirability in all respects. + +Whenever an officer, or any of the seamen, desires to see the Captain +for personal reasons, he must first acquaint the Sailing-Master with +his wishes, and the Sailing-Master will refer the request to the +Captain, who will specify his pleasure in the matter, and such will be +conveyed in turn to the applicant; but under no circumstances will the +Captain be approached by an officer or man, “over the Sailing-Master’s +head,” for the only way to maintain discipline on board is by +impressing upon the crew as a whole that the Sailing-Master, being the +executive officer, the running of the yacht is in his hands, and the +most implicit obedience and respect must be accorded him. + +Officers and men must never think of leaving the yacht, even when +alongside the dock, without first obtaining the consent of the +Sailing-Master, or, in his absence, from the officer left in command, +who will be acquainted with the Sailing-Master’s wishes in the matter. + +When entering or leaving port, the Sailing-Master’s place is on the +bridge, directing the movements of the yacht. + + + CHIEF ENGINEER. + +The chief engineer has full control over all persons--officers and +men--in his department. + +The engineer on watch in the engine-room when the yacht is underway, +represents the chief engineer, and the fireman on watch must obey him, +and he in turn must obey any orders received from the officer of the +deck in the way of handling the engines. + +The chief engineer will be held responsible for all hands in his +department implicitly carrying out the orders of the Captain, or of the +officer of the deck. + +Neither the assistants nor any member of the engine or fire-room force +will leave the vessel without first reporting to and obtaining the +chief engineer’s consent, who, in turn, will solicit the same from the +Sailing-Master and then acquaint the applicant with the result. + +The chief engineer will personally superintend the coaling of the +yacht, and satisfy himself that the quantity of coal charged for has +been received on board. He will make an entry on the engine-room +log-book stating the amount of coal receipted for, also its quality. + +When other engine-room stores, tools, etc., are received on board, they +will be receipted for by the chief engineer and a memorandum of same +entered on his log-book. + +The chief engineer will be held responsible for any waste of stores or +extravagance in his department. + +The chief engineer will be held accountable for the conduct of all +officers and men under his control. + +The chief engineer will enforce the law that an engineer on watch +is never to absent himself from the engine-room without having been +regularly relieved by another engineer, and will also see to it that no +fireman, oiler, water-tender, etc., leaves his post without permission +from the engineer on watch. + +Should any member of the engineer’s force misconduct himself, or +disobey any order received by him from a superior officer, the chief +engineer must report the case to the Captain, so that it may be +dealt with by the latter, and in no case is the chief or one of his +assistants to inflict punishment upon a man unless such punishment is +authorized by the Captain. + +The chief engineer will see to it that the engineer of the watch +keeps a steady pressure of steam, according to the instructions that +he has received, and with a view to economy of fuel, the engineer on +watch will direct attention to the condition of the fires, and the +mode of firing. The chief will also make sure that his assistants are +well acquainted with the various pipes, cocks, valves and connections +generally. + +When entering or leaving port the chief engineer will assume personal +charge of the engines, or at any other time when special care is +demanded for executing promptly the orders signalled from the bridge. + +The chief engineer will keep the engine-room log-book, and fill up +the columns therein. Under the head of “Remarks” he will enter the +particulars of all stores used; the time of leaving and arriving in +port; all occurrences relating to the working of the boilers and +machinery, accidents of whatever nature to engines or to the men, etc., +and each day’s log is to be verified by his signature. + +The chief engineer will daily, at noon, while under steam, lay before +the Sailing-Master an abstract of the engine-room log-book, containing +the expenditure of coals, oils and other stores during the preceding +twenty-four hours, and the amount remaining on hand; also the total +number of revolutions made during the preceding twenty-four hours. + +The chief engineer will be held responsible that the steam +steering-gear, windlass, refrigerating and electric plants are kept in +efficient state and at all times ready when required. + +On sailing days, or on departure from any port, the chief engineer +must have his department in good order, steam maintained at the proper +limit, and half an hour before the time of starting he must report to +the Sailing-Master that his department is all ready, after which the +chief and his assistants must remain on duty until the yacht is clear +of the pilot or the harbor cleared, when the first assistant engineer +will take charge of the engine-room watch. + +Should the engineer of the watch find it necessary to stop his engines +when underway, he shall at once send word to the Sailing-Master or to +the officer of the deck, and obtain his consent before stopping, except +in cases of special emergency, when he will be justified in stopping +without orders, but knowledge of the act must at once be sent to the +officer of the deck. + +The chief engineer will have full control of regulating the amount of +steam to be carried, using his own judgment as to what is necessary for +the speed required. + + + FIRST MATE. + +It is common to refer to the first mate as the “chief officer.” + +After being appointed the chief officer, he should get an inventory +of everything under his charge, and obtain from the boatswain and +carpenter a list of their stores also, and a memorandum of whatever +else they require. He should see that the windlass is in good working +order, and inspect personally the boats, falls, running and standing +rigging, sails, sail-covers, awnings, etc., and each night should lay +out the work for the boatswain and give him orders concerning his work +for the coming day. He should also observe that the carpenter attends +to the sluices and sounds the well and tanks night and morning. + +When underway at sea, if the chief officer does not stand watch, he +should be about the decks all day to see that the boatswain is pushing +the work along. + +The chief officer will also keep the log-book, copying into it from the +rough or deck log, and should take sights of the sun for latitude and +longitude, determine the deviation by azimuths of the sun, and keep the +yachts run by dead-reckoning. The log-book must be ready each day at 2 +bells (one o’clock P. M.), for inspection by the Sailing-Master. + +In anchoring, mooring and unmooring ship, the chief officer’s place is +on the forecastle, directing the handling of the bow-lines. + +When heaving up anchor, or when coming to anchor, the chief officer’s +place is on the forecastle directing the handling of the cable +according to orders from the Sailing-Master on the bridge. + +If the first officer stands deck watch, his bridge duties will be the +same as those laid down for the second officer. + + + SECOND MATE. + +In mooring and unmooring ship, the second officer’s place is aft, and +he is responsible for any accident that occurs at his end of the yacht +while docking or leaving dock, or when getting underway or coming to +anchor. + +When running out lines, or taking them in, he must be careful to keep +them clear of the propeller, and in the event of a line getting foul of +same he must at once make same known to the officer on the bridge, so +that the engines may be stopped. + +When docking, a couple of cork-fenders should be kept handy on the +quarters. + +After mooring, the ropes should be coiled down neatly and chafing gear +put on where necessary, after which the men should be sent forward to +the boatswain. + +When leaving port, the second mate should attend to the secure lashing +of anything requiring it aft, and also see to it that the carpenter has +secured the gangways, ports, etc. + +When coming to anchor, the second mate’s place is by the leadsman, when +he does not take the lead himself. + +When at sea, before he relieves the bridge, he should take a turn +around the deck fore and aft to see that there is nothing adrift and no +evidences of anything wrong. + +He should never hesitate to call the Captain if in doubt about anything +of an important nature--such as fog; if weather looks threatening; if +the barometer is unsteady; if there is the sight or sound of broken +water. + +The second mate must be particular to note everything correctly in +the log-book for his watch, reading the patent log the last thing and +entering the distance run for the preceding four hours. + + + BOATSWAIN. + +Upon reporting for duty the boatswain must ascertain the kind and +quantity of the deck stores, cordage, sails, canvas, paints, brushes, +salt-water-soap, brooms, etc., etc., because it is his duty to serve +out such in keeping the yacht in order. + +He must inspect every time they are used cat-falls, mooring-lines, +etc., and if they are found defective, he must at once make a report to +the first mate. + +The boatswain remains on deck all day and takes charge of all the men +engaged on deck work, receiving his orders each night from the first +mate as to the character of the work to be carried on the following +day; but he must also exercise his own judgment when he sees anything +of a minor nature in his department requiring attention. + + + CARPENTER. + +Upon reporting for duty the carpenter must overhaul all the sluices to +see that they are in proper working order; make himself familiar with +the location of the sounding-pipe, water tanks, etc. + +He must also thoroughly understand the working of the windlass, and +take personal charge of it when the anchors are being used. It is his +special duty also to examine all dead lights for leaks, and to attend +to the shipping and unshipping of the gangway ladders. + +The carpenter is under the direct orders of the chief officer, and +whenever the carpenter’s services are required by the engineers, the +chief officer must have the application for the carpenter’s services +made to him. + +The carpenter must sound the tanks and well every night and morning, +note his remarks on the engine-room slate, and report as well to the +officer of the deck--this must be done both at sea and in port. + +It is also the carpenter’s duty to attend to the steering-gear and +report at once to the chief mate any defect in the wheel-chains or +mechanism. + +The carpenter has the keeping in repair of all the boats, spars, +bulwarks, blocks, and in fact everything of a wooden nature on board +the yacht. + + + QUARTERMASTERS. + +The duties of quartermasters are to steer the yacht, keep the pilot +house in order, clean all bright work belonging to his department +in the way of binnacles, wheel, speaking tubes, steering-gear, +step-plates, etc. They have charge of the bunting and are responsible +for its condition, and it is also required of them that they shall be +familiar with the signal code, and shall take the signal halliards +under their personal care to insure their readiness for use. All +the signal lanterns are under their charge, as is also the hand and +deep-sea leads. When the yacht is at anchor, quartermasters stand +regular watch and watch by day as well as by night, taking charge of +the anchor watch. + + + STEWARD. + +The duties of the steward are varied, and the comfort and happiness of +the yacht depend upon his ability, integrity, and ambition to keep a +contented ship fore and aft. + +Whether he is serving on a small yacht or a large one, he should +remember that the money of the millionaire owner should not be any +more recklessly spent by the steward than the money of the man who can +afford yachting in only a very modest way. Besides this, the steward +should be a man of sufficiently high moral character to realize that +waste of any kind is wicked. + +It matters not how rich an owner may be, he is just as sensitive to the +foolish expenditure of his money as is his less pretentious yachting +friend, and no steward should conduct his department on the theory +that the owner is too well off to be at all concerned whether it costs +five dollars a day to provision the yacht or five hundred. + +There are stewards who personally are strictly honest, but who are +either careless in the quantity of the purchases, or who leave entirely +too much to the cook--who think it too great a trouble to look into +“pots and pans,” or who avoid any such supervision for fear of +offending the autocrat of the galley. This is all wrong. The cook is +under the direction and orders of the steward, and if the latter is the +proper sort of official he will not allow any other interpretation of +his authority. + +If under-stewards are carried, they are simply aids to the steward, +whose orders they will at all times unquestionably obey, and to insure +the smooth running of this department, the owner should authorize the +steward to select his subordinates. + +It goes without saying that all the provisions on board are under his +care, and that he should at all times know the amount of stores on hand +in his department. He should keep an expenditure book showing credit +and debit sides, so as to be able quickly to know how much money he has +received from the owner, and what amount of same he has expended. + +In addition to his care of the owner’s wardrobe, the silverware, +glass, crockery, bedding and linen, both in the cabins and officers’ +quarters, he is responsible also for fixtures in the way of lamps, +cushions, furniture, etc. + +He should, in addition to his supervision of the cabins, inspect the +officers’ rooms every morning to see that same are sweet and clean. +He must demand that everything in the kitchen is kept shining; that +the brass work on the inside of all skylights to cabin and officers’ +quarters, and the hand-rails to companionway are at all times carefully +polished. + +Whenever it is desired to brush rugs and mats on deck, he should always +notify the mate, so that proper precautions may be taken to prevent +dust from injuring anything about decks in the way of fresh paint, +varnish, etc. + +When it is necessary that he should go ashore for provisions, ice, +etc., he should notify the Sailing-Master sufficiently ahead of time so +that the boat service required may not interfere with the regular deck +work. + +In the case of guests his duty is to contribute in everyway possible to +their comfort and pleasure while on board, realizing that by so doing +he is not only fulfilling another of his functions, but that he is +rendering the greatest satisfaction to the owner, whose pleasure it is +to know that the outing offered his friends is being made as pleasant +as possible. + + + SURGEON. + +In the event of a surgeon being carried, it will be the duty of this +officer to look after the general health of all on board, and to be +keenly alive to the sanitary condition of the yacht. + +Whenever an inspection of the vessel is being held, it is his place to +accompany the Captain on his rounds, and to offer needful suggestions. + +When the yacht’s water tanks are to be filled, he should inspect +the quality of the water offered, and should analyze same if he is +suspicious that it may be unhealthy owing to the presence of vegetable +matter, etc. + +Should sickness occur among the crew, he should take proper precautions +to isolate the man so far as possible until a satisfactory diagnosis of +the case assures him as to the character of the illness. + + + + +SYNOPSIS OF U. S. LAWS GOVERNING AMERICAN STEAM AND SAIL YACHTS, AND +FOREIGN YACHTS IN U. S. WATERS. + + +1. A yacht must be licensed. + +A license authorizes a yacht to sail from port to port of the United +States, and by sea to foreign ports, without entrance or clearance, and +absolves her from the payment of tonnage duty and light money; but upon +the return of a yacht from a foreign port she must enter at the Custom +House of the port of her first arrival. + +To enter a vessel, it is necessary to have a manifest with two copies +ready on arrival. The revenue cutter may take one, the boarding officer +another, while the third is produced by the Master before the Collector. + +The Master makes oath to its truth. The manifest should specify ship’s +stores, and state that no cargo is carried. + +2. In going foreign a yacht captain may have a certified crew list +and shipping articles (sign his crew to articles), although it is not +compulsory. + +3. Whether or not, in going foreign, a bill of health for the vessel +would be needed, would depend upon the laws of the country of her +destination. If it is decided to carry same, it may be obtained from +the Custom House upon demand, provided the port sailing from is in a +normal condition of healthfulness. + +4. A foreign yacht arriving from abroad must be entered at the port +of her first arrival; but tonnage duty is not exacted, provided she +belongs to a regularly organized and incorporated yacht club. + +5. A pleasure vessel purchased by a citizen from an alien has the same +privileges as a vessel built in the United States, except that she +cannot be documented. She is subject to light money of fifty cents per +ton on arrival at each port, although this is seldom enforced. + +6. If a foreign yacht should be wrecked in U. S. waters, and be +purchased by a citizen, who expends upon her in repairs three times as +much as he paid for her as a wreck, she could be documented as a yacht +of the United States. + +7. A foreign-built yacht owned by a citizen may fly the U. S. flag, +but not the American yacht ensign, according to law, which ensign +is prescribed for American-built yachts only; but it is often flown +contrary to law. + +8. For a sailing yacht the name of the vessel and port must be placed +conspicuously upon the stern. The letters to be not less than three +inches in length. + +9. The name of a screw steamer yacht, and her port, must be placed on +the stern in letters six inches in length, and upon each outer side of +the pilot house; but if she be a side-wheel vessel, the name must be +painted on the outside of each paddle-box also. + +10. The painting of the name upon the bows of yachts is optional with +the owner. + +11. Any vessel propelled in whole or in part by steam is declared a +steam vessel within the meaning of the law. + +12. The hull and boiler of a steam yacht is subject to annual +inspection by the U. S. Board of Local Inspectors. + +13. No steam yacht, whatever her size, is permitted to be navigated +without a licensed master or pilot, and engineer, under penalty of a +fine of one hundred dollars for each offense. + +14. Masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, upon giving satisfactory +evidence of their qualifications, may be licensed by the U. S. Local +Inspectors for the term of five years, but the license may be revoked +for cause. + +15. Every licensed officer must have his license framed under glass, +and posted in a conspicuous place on board the vessel, under penalty of +revocation or one hundred dollars fine. + +16. Any one who employs an unlicensed officer is subject to a fine of +one hundred dollars. + +17. The Local Inspectors are authorized to suspend or revoke, upon +satisfactory evidence, the license of any officer for bad conduct, +drunkenness, inattention to duty, or incapacity. + +18. If an owner proves to the Local Inspectors that his engineer has +allowed his boiler to burn, and that he has not kept his engine and +machinery in good order, the Inspectors are authorized to degrade him. + +19. The fees previously charged for licenses to officers, and for +inspections and examinations of vessels of the United States, were +abolished in 1886. + +20. A yacht of any foreign nation, which extends like courtesies to the +United States, provided the yacht belongs to a regularly organized and +incorporated yacht club, is privileged to arrive at and depart from +port to port of the United States without making entrance or clearance, +but when arriving from a foreign port she must enter at the port of her +first arrival in the United States. + +If the yacht does not belong to such a nation, or does not belong to +such a yacht club, she must enter at and clear from every port of the +United States she goes into. + +21. A commission to sail for pleasure, in any designated yacht +belonging to a regularly organized and incorporated yacht club, may be +obtained from the Treasury Department through the Collector of Customs +at the port where the yacht may be. It does not supersede the license, +but is in addition to it, and is only issued by yachts going abroad to +secure more extended courtesies. It is issued for the voyage only, and +must be surrendered at the port of her first arrival on her return to +the United States. + +22. Yachts of 20 tons and upwards must also be enrolled. (1899 Laws.) + +23. According to law, the owner of a steam yacht may secure a license +to command and pilot his own vessel, provided he passes the examination +required by the U. S. Local Inspectors of Steam Vessels. + + + + +INDEX + + + BOAT SERVICE. PAGE + + Boat Ceremony and Discipline, 49 + + Boat Orders, 49 + + Boat Salutes and Management, 51 + + Particulars Concerning Boats, 47 + + + CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES. + + Captain of Visiting Yacht Pays Respects, 29 + + Commodore’s Duties--Commissioning Club, 35 + + Commodore’s Duties--Club in Commission, 36 + + Commodore’s Duties--Going Out of Commission, 38 + + Duties of the Fleet Captain, 40 + + Honors to the Captain Embarking, 39 + + Honors to the Captain Disembarking, 39 + + Putting Yacht In Commission, 34 + + Putting Yacht Out of Commission, 34 + + Quarter-Deck to be Saluted, 29 + + Reception of the President, 30 + + Reception of the Vice-President, 31 + + Reception of Secretary of Navy, 31 + + Reception of Cabinet Officers, 31 + + Reception of a Governor, 32 + + Reception of Foreign Sovereign, 32 + + Reception of Royalty, 32 + + Reception of Naval Officers, 32 + + Reception of Army Officers, 32 + + Reception of Other Officials, 33 + + Reception of Flag Officers, 33 + + Reception of Diplomatic Corps, 33 + + Senior Officer Returns Salutes and Visits, 29 + + Senior Officer Tenders Civilities, 29 + + Yacht Joining Squadron, 29 + + + COLORS IN GENERAL. + + Absent Flag, 14 + + At Anchor with Naval Vessels, 13 + + Before Colors or After Sunset, 13 + + Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony, 19 + + Burgee and Private Signal Broken Out, 16 + + Colors in Yacht’s Boats, 15 + + Colors to be Well Hoisted, 16 + + Commodore Cruising with Another Club, 24 + + Commodore’s Night and Day Pennant, 25 + + Commodore’s Private Signal, 25 + + Day Signals for Pilots, 21 + + Death of Captain, 17 + + Death of Club Member, 18 + + Death of Flag Officer, 17 + + Death of One of the Crew, 19 + + Dressing Ship, 22 + + Ensign When Passing Light Houses, Etc., 15 + + Ensign When Passing Naval Vessels, 15 + + Entering or Leaving Port, 13 + + Flag Officer Entering Another Harbor, 25 + + Flag Officer’s Pennant, 16 + + Hauling Down Half-Mast Colors, 18 + + Hours for Half-Masting Colors, 19 + + How to Half-Mast Colors, 18 + + Jack--When Displayed, 26 + + Making Colors, 19 + + Making Sunset, 20 + + Mastless Yachts, 16 + + Meal Pennants, 14 + + National Mourning, 17 + + Night Pennant, 13 + + Night Signals for Pilots, 21 + + Off a Naval Station, 13 + + Permission to Half-Mast Colors, 19 + + Place to Display Colors, 11 + + Saluting with Ensign Half-Mast, 18 + + Senior Officer Gives the Time, 12 + + Signal for Towing-Boat, 22 + + Single Stickers, 14 + + Sunrise and Sunset, 12 + + Time to Make Colors, 11 + + Visiting Another Club, 13 + + Yacht Flags and How They Are Used, 11 + + Yacht Short-Handed, 16 + + + DUTIES OF OFFICERS. + + Boatswain, 76 + + Captain, 65 + + Carpenter, 76 + + Chief Engineer, 70 + + First Mate, 73 + + Quartermasters, 77 + + Sailing-Master, 68 + + Second Mate, 74 + + Steward, 78 + + Surgeon, 81 + + + GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT. + + At Anchor at Night, 62 + + Boat Hails, 62 + + Concerning Watches, 63 + + Ship’s Bells, 56 + + The Boatswain’s Call, 57 + + Underway at Night, 61 + + Yacht Routine, 58 + + + SALUTES IN GENERAL. + + Boat Salutes, 46 + + Colors and Sunset Gun, 41 + + Dipping the Ensign, 42 + + Flag Officer’s Official Visit, 44 + + Guns Between Sunset and Colors, 41 + + Guns on Sunday, 41 + + Judges’ Yacht not Saluted, 45 + + Junior Officer Entering Harbor, 43 + + Official Salute to Another Club, 44 + + Ordinary Salute to Commodore, 43 + + Postponed Salutes, 45 + + Salute of Passing Yachts, 42 + + Salute to Quarter-Deck, 46 + + Salute to Yacht Entering, 42 + + Salutes Between Squadrons, 45 + + Salutes to Naval Vessels, 41 + + Salutes Upon Entering Harbor, 42 + + Salutes When Meeting at Sea, 42 + + Senior Officer Leaving Harbor, 44 + + Single Yacht and Squadron, 45 + + Special Salute to Commodore, 43 + + Steam Whistles Not to be Used, 42 + + When Firing Guns is Prohibited, 46 + + When Making Signals is Prohibited, 46 + + + SPECIAL LIGHTS. + + Absent Lights, 27 + + Commodore’s Lights, 27 + + Dinner Light, 28 + + Lanterns Under Boom, 28 + + Rear-Commodore’s Lights, 27 + + Vice-Commodore’s Lights, 27 + + + SYNOPSIS OF U. S. YACHTING LAWS. + + Bill of Health, 82 + + Documenting of a Foreign Yacht, 83 + + Entering a Yacht, 82 + + Fine for Unlicensed Officers, 84 + + Foreign Yacht May Fly American Flag, 83 + + Foreign Yacht Must Enter, 83 + + Foreign Yachts Visiting the U. S., 85 + + Hailing Port Must be Shown, 83 + + Inspection of Hull and Boiler, 84 + + Licensed Master, Pilot and Engineer, 84 + + Light Money, 83 + + Name of Yacht to be Displayed, 83 + + Owner’s Licenses as Master and Pilot, 86 + + Shipping Articles, 82 + + Suspension of License, 84 + + Tonnage Duty, 83 + + What Constitutes a Steam Vessel, 84 + + Yacht Commission, 86 + + Yacht Enrollment, 86 + + Yacht License Privileges, 82 + + Yacht’s Manifest, 82 + + + + +Transcriber’s Notes + +Italics have been represented by _underlines_. Small caps have been +represented by CAPITALS. + +Inconsistencies in hyphenation and capitalization have been silently +addressed. + +Obvious printing errors have been silently corrected. Other +changes: + + When the date of going out of commission is fixed[,] + + They are set tau[gh]t by lanyards. + + but the rules, regulations[,] etc., laid down for the government of + such large craft + +Flag illustrations have been moved from pages 8 and 9 to a place in the +text where each flag is mentioned. The flag not specifically mentioned +in the text remains in its original location. + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 *** diff --git a/78830-h/78830-h.htm b/78830-h/78830-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..804d37e --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/78830-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3636 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> +<head> + <meta charset="UTF-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <title> + On Yacht Etiquette | Project Gutenberg + </title> + <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover"> + <style> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + text-indent: 0; + clear: both; +} + +.editions {font-size: 1.2em; + font-weight: normal;} + +p { + margin-top: .51em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .49em; +} + +.p2 {margin-top: 2em;} +.p4 {margin-top: 4em;} + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: 33.5%; + margin-right: 33.5%; + clear: both; +} + +hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} +@media print { hr.chap {display: none; visibility: hidden;} } + +hr.front { + width: 15%; + margin-top: 1.2em; + margin-bottom: 1.2em; + margin-left: 42.5%; + margin-right: 42.5%; + clear: both; +} + + +div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} +h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} + + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.bells {margin-left: 0;} +.hour {padding-left: 3em;} + +.hails {list-style-type: none; + padding-left: 1.5em;} + + td {padding-right: .5em;} +.tdl {text-align: left;} +.tdr {text-align: right;} +.tdc {text-align: center;} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: small; + text-align: right; + font-style: normal; + font-weight: normal; + font-variant: normal; + text-indent: 0; +} /* page numbers */ + + +blockquote { + margin-top: 1.5em; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 0; + text-indent: -1em; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +div.main-text {text-indent: 2em;} + +.center {text-align: center;} +.right {text-align: right;} + +.sc {font-variant: small-caps;} +.allsmcap {font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;} + +.small {font-size: .75em;} +.large {font-size: 1.2em;} +.xlarge {font-size: 2em;} +.pad7lft {padding-left: 7em;} + +figcaption {font-weight: normal;} +figcaption p {margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: .2em; text-align: inherit;} + +/* Images */ + +img { + max-width: 100%; + height: auto; +} +img.w100 {width: 100%;} + + +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; + page-break-inside: avoid; + max-width: 100%; +} + +ul { list-style-type: none; } +li.ifrst { + margin-top: 1.5em; + text-indent: -2em; + padding-left: 1em; +} +li.indx { + margin-top: .5em; + text-indent: .5em; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +/* Transcriber's notes */ +.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; + color: black; + font-size:small; + padding:0.5em; + margin-bottom:5em; + font-family:sans-serif, serif; +} + + +/* Illustration classes */ +.illowe15 {width: 15em;} +.illowe30 {width: 30em;} + </style> +</head> + +<body> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 ***</div> + + + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + <h2 class="nobreak editions" id="UNIFORM_EDITIONS"> + UNIFORM EDITIONS + </h2> +</div> + +<hr class="front"> +<h3 id="RUDDER_ON_SERIES" class="editions"> + RUDDER ❦ON❦ SERIES +</h3> +<hr class="front"> + +<p class="center"><i>Bound in blue buckram and gold, 32mo, illustrated</i></p> + +<blockquote> +<p>ON YACHTS AND YACHT HANDLING. By +Thomas Fleming Day. Price $1.</p> + +<p>ON MARINE MOTORS AND MOTOR LAUNCHES. +By E. W. Roberts, M. E. Price $1.</p> + +<p>ON YACHT ETIQUETTE. Second Edition Revised. +By Captain Howard Patterson. Price $1.</p> + +<p>SOUTHWARD BY THE INSIDE ROUTE. Reprint +from <span class="sc">The Rudder</span>.</p> +</blockquote> + + +<hr class="front"> +<h3 id="RUDDER_HOW-TO_SERIES" class="editions"> + RUDDER ❦HOW-TO❦ SERIES +</h3> +<hr class="front"> + +<p class="center"><i>Bound in blue buckram and gold, 8vo, illustrated</i></p> + +<blockquote> +<p>HOW TO BUILD A SKIPJACK. Reprint from <span class="sc">The +Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p> + +<p>HOW TO BUILD A RACER FOR $50. Reprint from +<span class="sc">The Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p> + +<p>HOW TO BUILD A MOTOR LAUNCH. By Chas. +D. Mower. Price $1.</p> + +<p>HOW TO BUILD A KNOCKABOUT. By Chas. D. +Mower. Price $1.</p> + +<p>HOW TO BUILD A RACING SLOOP. By Chas. D. +Mower. Price $1.</p> + +<p>HOW TO BUILD A SHOAL-DRAUGHT SLOOP. +Reprint from <span class="sc">The Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p> + +<p>HOW TO BUILD A FLATTIE OR SHARPIE. Reprint +from <span class="sc">The Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p> + +<p>HOW TO BUILD A MODEL YACHT. By Herbert +Fisher. Price $1.</p> +</blockquote> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> +<h1><span class="small">On</span><br> +Yacht Etiquette: +</h1> +</div> + + + +<p class="center"><span class="sc">What To Do, and How to Do It. Courtesies, +Discipline, Ceremonies and Routine for +Any and All Circumstances. +Duties of Officers, etc.</span></p> + +<p class="p2 center"><span class="small">BY</span><br> +CAPTAIN HOWARD PATTERSON,<br> +<span class="small"><i>Principal of the New York Nautical College, +Formerly Commander of the New York School Ship “St. Mary’s”, +Master of Various Sail and Steam Yachts, +and Admiral of the Haytien Navy.</i></span></p> + +<p class="center small">AUTHOR OF<br> +<cite>The Navigator’s Pocket Book</cite>; <cite>Yachting Under American Statute</cite>; <cite>The +Illustrated Nautical Encyclopedia</cite>; <cite>The Yachtsman’s Kedge Anchor</cite>; +<cite>Yacht Sails</cite>; <cite>Hand Book for Masters and Mates</cite>, <i>etc.</i></p> + +<p class="p2 center">REVISED EDITION.</p> + +<p class="p2 center">NEW YORK AND LONDON;<br> +<span class="sc small">The Rudder Publishing Company</span></p> + +<p class="p2 center">1903</p> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> +<p class="center">COPYRIGHT, 1903,<br> +<span class="small">BY<br></span> +<span class="sc large">Captain Howard Patterson</span></p> + +<p class="right small p4"> + <span class="allsmcap" style="margin-right: 1.5em;">PRESS OF</span><br> + <span class="sc">Thomson & Co.</span><br> + <span class="allsmcap"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em;">9 MURRAY ST.,</span><br> + <span style="margin-right: 1em;">NEW YORK.</span></span> +</p> +</div> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> +<p class="center"> +TO<br> +<br> +<span class="large">HOWARD GOULD,</span> <span class="sc">Esq.</span>,<br> +(<span class="sc small">New York Yacht Club</span>)<br> +<br> +THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY HIS FRIEND,<br><br> +THE AUTHOR. +</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="main-text"> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + <h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE"> + PREFACE + </h2> +</div> + + +<p>It is to be understood that the owner of the yacht is +styled as “Captain” throughout this treatise, and +it is eminently proper that this should be, as the +Government prescribes that the owner of a yacht is +entitled to take out her custom house and other papers +as the lawful and legalized “Master” of his vessel.</p> + +<p>It being impracticable to follow out naval rules strictly +in the matter of salutes, courtesies, ceremonies, etc., +a modification of the same has been arranged which will +cover the requirements of yachting and contribute dignity +to such observances as are called for in the foregoing.</p> + +<p>As stated under the head of “Duties and Responsibilities +of Officers” the rules and regulations laid down +specially refer to the larger class of steam yachts, but it +is explained that these laws may be modified to apply to +smaller classes of pleasure vessels.</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTENTS"> + CONTENTS + </h2> +</div> + +<table> + <tr> + <td class="tdl sc">Colors in General</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sc">Special Lights</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sc">Official Ceremonies and Courtesies</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sc">Salutes in General</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sc">Boat Service</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sc">Government of the Yacht</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sc">Duties and Responsibilities of Officers</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sc">Synopsis of U. S. Yachting Laws</td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td> + </tr> +</table> + + + + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + + + + <p class="nobreak center p4 xlarge" id="YACHT_ETIQUETTE"> + <i>YACHT ETIQUETTE</i> + </p> +</div> + + + + +<figure class="figcenter illowe30" id="rudderstation"> + <img class="w100" src="images/rudderstation.jpg" alt="large red flag with a black square +containing a white cross"> + <figcaption> + <p>RUDDER STATION FLAG</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + + +<div class="main-text"> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[Pg 11]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="COLORS_IN_GENERAL"> + COLORS IN GENERAL. + </h2> +</div> + + + + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Details Concerning Yacht Flags, and How They +Are Used.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The pennant is a triangular shaped flag, and is used +for the club burgee. The swallowtail is used for the +captain’s (owner’s) private signal. The rectangular flag +is used principally for flag officers’ distinguishing flags. +The shape of the bunting will generally signify whether +the flag is that of the club, of a flag officer or of a captain. +The bunting used for flag officers’ distinguishing flags is +colored—blue for commodore, red for vice-commodore, +and white for rear-commodore.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="burgee"> + <img class="w100" src="images/burgee.png" alt="triangular pennant"> + <figcaption> + <p>CLUB BURGEE</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="private"> + <img class="w100" src="images/private.png" alt="swallowtail flag"> + <figcaption> + <p>PRIVATE SIGNAL</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="commodore"> + <img class="w100" src="images/commodore.jpg" alt="blue flag with an anchor +surrounded by stars"> + <figcaption> + <p>COMMODORE’S FLAG</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Time to Make Colors—Place to Display Same.</span></p> +</blockquote> + + +<p>When at anchor or underway, the ensign and colors +of a yacht in commission should be hoisted at 8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span> +and kept flying until sunset (local time). This does not +apply to a flag officer, who should display his official flag +continuously (day and night) while in commission. +When at anchor the ensign is hoisted on the flagpole at +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</span>the stern of both steam and sail yachts, and when underway +it is hoisted to the after gaff-end on sailing vessels; +but is retained on the pole in the case of steam yachts, +although it may be hoisted to the gaff-end if desired. +The burgee should be hoisted to the foretopmast head on +schooners, and the private signal at the maintopmast. In +the case of yawls, the ensign may be hoisted to the mizzenmast +head, both when at anchor and when underway, +and the burgee may be hoisted to the mainmast head when +at anchor and the private flag when underway, the same +as on cutters, sloops and chief officers, or the yawl may be +considered as a schooner and the bunting displayed as +for the latter vessel. In the case of a launch the burgee +should be flown from the bow pole. Flag officers’ signals +should be flown from the truck of a cutter, sloop or catboat, +the main truck of a schooner, yawl or steamer, and +the bow pole of a launch. The church pennant is hoisted +over the ensign during divine service. (See “<a href="#Colors_to_be_Flown_in_Yachts_Boats">Colors to +be Flown in Yacht’s Boats</a>.”)</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe30" id="ensign"> + <img class="w100" src="images/ensign.jpg" alt="flag like the US flag but with +an anchor surrounded by stars in the blue field"> + <figcaption> + <p>YACHT ENSIGN</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="church"> + <img class="w100" src="images/church.jpg" alt="white pennant with a black cross +lying along its length"> + <figcaption> + <p>CHURCH FLAG</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer Present to Give the Time for Colors +and Sunset.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The time for making colors and sunset should be +taken from the senior officer’s yacht present, whether he +is on board or not, and the only gun fired for colors and +sunset should be the one on such senior’s yacht.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">At Anchor With Naval Vessel or Off a Naval +Station.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When a yacht is in company with a vessel of her own +navy, or at anchor off a naval station, she should regulate +the time for colors and sunset to such vessel or station.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Visiting Home Waters of Another Yacht Club.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Yachts visiting the home waters of another club (provided +such waters are other than their own) should take +their time for colors and sunset from the yacht of the +senior officer of such club present.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Entering or Leaving Port Before Colors or After +Sunset.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When a yacht enters port in the morning before colors +are made, or in the evening after sunset, her ensign, +club burgee and private signal should be displayed and +kept flying until the yacht comes to anchor, when they +should be hauled down—provided there be sufficient light +for the colors to be recognized.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Night Pennant.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>During the night (between sunset and colors) the +yacht should fly a night pennant at the maintopmast head, +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</span>or in the case of a three-mast vessel, at the mizzenmast +head—except in the case of flag officers.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Absent Flag.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>During the absence of the captain from the yacht, a +blue rectangular flag (called Absent Flag) should be +kept flying from daylight until dark at the starboard main +spreader of a fore-and-aft vessel, or on the starboard main-yard +arm of a square-rigged vessel. The private signal +(or flag officer’s pennant), however, is to be kept flying, +whether the captain is on board or not.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="absence"> + <img class="w100" src="images/absence.png" alt="plain blue rectangular flag"> + <figcaption> + <p>ABSENCE FLAG</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Single Stickers—Where, When and How to Fly +Burgee and Private Signal.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Single-masted vessels should not fly the private signal +on the same halliards as the club burgee. When at anchor +the club burgee should be displayed, and when +underway the private signal, except when on the annual +cruise of the club, when the club burgee should be flown +both at anchor and underway.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Meal Pennants.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Meal Pennants may be hoisted during hours when +the colors are not displayed.</p> + +<p>During the meal hours of the captain, when the yacht +is at anchor, a white rectangular flag should be flown at +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</span>the starboard main spreader, and when same is exhibited, +guests are politely debarred. During the meal hours of +the crew a red pennant should be flown from the port fore +spreader, and at such times boat crews should not be +called away unnecessarily. Of course, on a “single-sticker” +the white flag and red meal pennant must both +be flown from the same mast, but they will be exhibited +on their proper sides. After dark a white light should be +shown from the starboard main spreader to indicate that +the captain is at dinner. Meal flags should not be flown +when the yacht is underway. In a square-rigged yacht +the captain’s meal pennant should be flown from the starboard +main yard arm, and the crew’s meal pennant at the +port fore yard arm. (See <a href="#Dinner_Light">Dinner Light</a>.)</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="ownersmeal"> + <img class="w100" src="images/ownersmeal.png" alt="plain white rectangular flag"> + <figcaption> + <p>OWNER’S + MEAL FLAG</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="crewsmeal"> + <img class="w100" src="images/crewsmeal.png" alt="plain red pennant"> + <figcaption> + <p>CREW’S + MEAL FLAG</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc"><a id="Colors_to_be_Flown_in_Yachts_Boats"></a>Colors to be Flown in Yacht’s Boats.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The yacht’s gig, launch, etc., when brought to the +gangway or when away from the yacht, shall display the +ensign at the stern. While the captain is in the boat, the +private signal should be displayed at the bow. If a club +member is in the boat without the captain, a club burgee +should be displayed at the bow.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Ensign to be Exhibited When Passing Naval Vessels, +Lighthouses, Military Posts, etc.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The yacht ensign should be exhibited when at sea on +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</span>falling in with naval vessels, or when approaching lightships, +lighthouses, signal stations and military posts.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Flag Officer’s Pennant.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Flag officers fly a pennant at the main on yachts and +on the forward flagstaff of gigs, to distinguish their +rank. These pennants take the place of the yacht’s private +signal.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Yacht Short-Handed.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>If the yacht is short-handed, two flags may be bent on +to the same set of halliards, so that while one flag is being +sent aloft the other may be coming down.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Burgee and Private Signal May be Broken Out.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The club burgee and private signal may be “made up” +and mast-headed previous to colors, and “broken out” +when the signal for colors is given, but the ensign should +never be made up and broken out.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Colors to be Well Hoisted.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Daylight should never show between the head of a +flag and the truck.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Mastless Yachts.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>On mastless yachts the colors are exhibited on staffs +placed forward and aft.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">National Mourning.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>On occasions of national mourning the ensign should +be half-masted, but the burgee and private signal should +be kept mast-headed, unless the official was a member of +the club whose flag you are flying, in which case the +club burgee should be half-masted.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Death of Captain.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In the event of the death of the captain on shore, both +the club burgee and private signal of his yacht should be +kept half-masted from colors until sunset on the day of +his funeral, but the ensign should be kept fully hoisted +during the same time. If, on the other hand, the death +should occur on board while the yacht is in port, then the +ensign also should be half-masted as soon as the body +leaves the vessel for the shore, and the ensign should be +kept so flying until sunset of the same day. Should the +burial of the Captain take place at sea, then the ensign +of the vessel and the captain’s private signal should be +displayed at half-mast at the commencement of the ceremony +and kept flying until its conclusion, when the +ensign and private signal should be hauled down.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Death of Flag Officer.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>On the occasion of the death of a flag officer while his +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</span>yacht is in port, his pennant should be hauled down at +sunset on the day of his funeral, and should not be again +hoisted—the yacht’s private signal taking its place. If +the funeral takes place at sea, then the pennant should be +hauled down with the ensign at the conclusion of the ceremonies.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Death of Club Member.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When mourning is ordered for the death of a club +member, the burgee only is half-masted, and this should +be observed whether underway or at anchor.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">How to Half-Mast Colors.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The ensign, burgee and private signal (also flag officer’s +pennant) should always be mast-headed before they +are half-masted.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Saluting With Ensign at Half-Mast.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Whenever it becomes necessary to salute with the ensign +while it is flying at half-mast, it must be mast-headed +before it is dipped, and mast-headed again before it is +half-masted after the salute.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Hauling Down Half-Mast Colors.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Before hauling down half-masted colors, always mast-head +them first.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Death of One of the Crew.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In the event of the death of the Sailing-Master, mate, +or other officer, or one of the crew at sea, the ensign of the +yacht should be half-masted during the funeral ceremony. +Should the death of one of the above occur on board while +the yacht is in port, then the ensign should be half-masted +from the time that the body leaves the yacht until the +return of the boat that conveyed the body to the shore.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Permission to Half-Mast Colors to be Obtained.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>No yacht of a fleet other than that of the senior officer +present should ever half-mast her colors until permission +to do so has been obtained.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Hours for Half-Masting Colors.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Funeral honors in the way of half-masting colors +should not be paid before sunrise nor after sunset.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When a boat is engaged in funeral ceremonies in conveying +a body to the shore, the ensign in the stern should +be kept half-masted until the body is landed.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Making Colors.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>About five minutes before colors, have the club and +private signals, night pennant and ensign halliards +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</span>manned, the boat-boom guys tended, and a hand stationed +at the ship’s bell. As soon as the signal is given for colors, +call: “Strike eight bells and hoist away!” At this +instant swing out the boat booms, haul down the night +pennant, and send aloft the bunting. The flags may be +sent up in stops before eight bells, and broken out on the +first stroke of the bell, but the ensign should never be +broken out, and should be hoisted slowly.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Making Sunset.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>About fifteen minutes before the time given for sunset, +have the anchor light, gangway light, and signal light or +lights all ready, the boats either hoisted or dropped astern, +and the night pennant bent on. About five minutes before +sunset, station the men at the boom guys, club and private +signals and ensign halliards, anchor-light whip, gangway +light, and, if a flagship, the distinguishing lights. If you +are the flagship you will also have a gunner stationed at +the offshore gun, and wait, watch in hand (care should be +observed to have it on correct local time), for the time +given for sunset. But if you are taking time from another +vessel, or from the shore, the time need not concern +you; simply await the sunset signal; then call, “Haul +down!” At this instant let go the forward boat-boom +guys and swing the booms in. Observe that the club, +private signal, and ensign are hauled down (the two +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</span>former preserving the same height to one another until +they reach the deck) and that the night pennant and anchor +light go aloft as soon as the order to haul down is +given. Arrange the gangway lights, and make the bunting +up neatly and stow it away in the flag locker. If the +boats are riding astern, give them a short painter to prevent +them from being run over by vessels coming in to +anchor, or passing under your stern, and never allow a +boat to ride astern without a white light in same. If boat +booms remain swung out, they should have a white light +at the outboard end.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Day Signals for Pilots.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when displayed +together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals +for a pilot, in the day time: 1st, To be hoisted at the +fore, the Jack or other national color usually worn by +merchant ships, having round it a white border one-fifth +of the breadth of the flag; or, 2d, The International Code +Pilotage Signal, indicated by Flag “S.”.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Night Signals for Pilots.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when used +or displayed together, or separately, shall be deemed to be +signals for a pilot, in the nighttime; 1st, The pyrotechnic +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</span>light, commonly known as a blue light, every fifteen minutes; +or, 2d, a bright white light, flashed or shown at +short intervals, just above the bulwarks, for about a +minute at a time.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Signal for Towing-Boat.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The signal for a towing-boat is made by setting the +ensign in the main rigging a little above the deck.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Dressing Ship.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The prettiest mode of dressing a ship with flags is to +make an arch of them from the jib-boom end to the foretopmast +head, thence across to the maintopmast head, and +down to the main boom end, allowing two or more flags +to hang down under the jib-boom end and the main boom +end respectively, with a lead attached to the end of each +line to keep the flags from flying around. Hoisted to the +trucks, by the regular signal halliards, should be the +ensign Jack, or the flags of the nation in whose port the +ship is lying, or the distinguishing flags of the person +whom it is desired to honor. The arch of flags should be +hoisted so as to give the former flags room to display +themselves. Have blocks at the topmast heads for the +fore-and-aft strings of arch flags, and hoist the flags to +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</span>them by means of a whip. The flying jib halliards will +do to hoist the foremost part of the arch (from the jib-boom +end to the foretopmast head). Care should be +taken and taste must be exercised in selecting and placing +the flags, and rectangular flags should alternate with pennants. +Reeve off the three arch halliards and measure +the distance in the three clear parts, by marking the halliards +so that you will know what length of flags to bend +on, and thus avoid the inconvenience and annoyance of +sending the string on deck after they have once been +hoisted, for the purpose of alterations. In addition to +stopping the flags to the halliards on the head and tack, +take a couple of stitches to the halliards about midway. +The Jack should be hoisted on the Jack-staff on the bowsprit. +In reeving off the halliards for the span between +the fore and maintopmast heads, let the ends (or hauling +parts) lead through single blocks and down alongside of +the fore and main masts, respectively, bending the flags +on to the bight, and trice up by the two parts, manned +at the same time that the flags are sent aloft. At sunset +come up with your outhauls, and the forward and after +strings of flags will come inboard, and can then be lowered +away. Just before “colors” send the two mast-head +ensigns aloft “made up.” When the signal is made, +hoist away on the arch halliards, and, at the instant the +flags reach home, “break out” the ensign and the Jack. +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</span>Pennants and square flags should be bent on alternately. +Another mode of dressing ship is by “up-and-down” flags—that +is, by flying a string of flags from each topmast +head to the deck. Flag officers’ pennants and burgees +should not be used in dressing ship, nor should the ensign +of any foreign nation be displayed, except it is desired +to compliment such nation, when it should be flown from +the main truck. When a yacht is dressed all her +lowered boats should fly the ensign, whether underway +or riding to the boat booms. On special occasions a +steam yacht underway, or a sailing yacht being towed, +may dress ship.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="jack"> + <img class="w100" src="images/jack.png" alt="A rectangular blue flag with 50 stars—like the blue field of the ordinary US flag"> + <figcaption> + <p>UNION JACK</p> + </figcaption> +</figure> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Commodore of a Club on a Cruise with Another +Club in Which He Is a Member.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In such an event the Commodore should not fly his +rank flag, but should fly the club flag of the cruising +club, and should also fly his private signal, so as not +to exhibit evidence of his flag rank in any way. In +other words, he should act simply as a Captain during +the cruise, or while he remains with the squadron. When +at anchor with the squadron at night, he should display +only the Captain’s light, the same as the other Captains, +and never, under any circumstances, show Commodore’s +lights.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Flag Officer of a Club Entering Harbor of Another +Club in Which He Is a Member.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In this case circumstances govern. Should the Commodore +enter said harbor, either alone or while on a +cruise with his squadron, he should fly his Commodore’s +pennant and club flag; but if he is cruising independently, +after relegating his command to his junior, and is at +anchor in the harbor of a yacht club to which he belongs, +then, if he elects to fly the latter’s club flag, he should +do so together with his private signal; but he should not +fly his Commodore’s pennant with a club flag other than +that of which he is Commodore.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Use of Commodore’s Private Signal.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Commodore’s private signal should be used only +on such occasions as he does not fly his Commodore’s +pennant—cruising with another club in which he is a +member, etc.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Pennant Night and Day.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Commodore’s flag shall not be hauled down at +sunset, but shall be flown day and night. Should it be +desired to substitute an old pennant for service during +the night, then send aloft the old pennant made up, and +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</span>break it out before commencing to lower the other. Of +course, this requires two sets of halliards, which should +always be rove on a flagship.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">The Jack—When Displayed.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Jack should be set on Sundays, also on all occasions +of ceremony, the same being flown from a staff +on the bowsprit. Wash clothes should not be hung up +when the Jack is exhibited.</p> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="SPECIAL_LIGHTS"> + SPECIAL LIGHTS. + </h2> +</div> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Lights.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Between sunset and colors, when in harbor, the Commodore +shows two blue lights in globular lanterns suspended +perpendicularly at the after gaff-end, or on the +flagpole at the stern.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Vice-Commodore’s Lights.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Vice-Commodore shows the same number of +lights as the Commodore, and in the same place, but the +color is red.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Rear-Commodore’s Lights.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Rear-Commodore also shows the same number +of lights and in the same place as prescribed for the Commodore, +but the color is white.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Absent Light.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>At night a blue lantern should be substituted for the +blue absent flag, and hoisted at the starboard main +spreader or yard arm.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc"><a id="Dinner_Light"></a>Dinner Light.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>A white light hung at the starboard main spreader or +yardarm after sunset has the same significance as the +white meal pennant.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">White Lanterns Under the Boom.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>These are used for illuminating the after deck and +have no official significance.</p> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="OFFICIAL_CEREMONIES_AND_COURTESIES"> + OFFICIAL CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES. + </h2> +</div> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Quarter-Deck to be Saluted.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The quarter-deck should always be saluted by officers +and men, by touching or raising the cap, upon coming +over the gangway when boarding or leaving their own +or another yacht, or a naval vessel.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Yacht Joining a Squadron Must Report.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When joining a squadron, a yacht must report to the +commanding officer of the squadron, by the owner of said +yacht visiting in person the flag officer in charge, and a +yacht should never part company with the squadron without +receiving permission so to do.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer to Return Salutes and Visits.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The senior officer present is in command of all the +yachts at the anchorage that are flying the burgee of the +club he represents, and it is his duty to make and return +salutes and visits.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer to Tender Civilities to Visiting +Yacht—Captain of Visiting Yacht to Pay +Respects in Person.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When a yacht visits the home waters of another club, +and after salutes have been exchanged, the senior officer +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</span>present representing such home club should send to the +visiting yacht a tender of the civilities of the club, after +which the Captain of the visiting yacht should pay his +respects in person to the commanding officer of the +anchorage.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of the President of the United States.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The President of the United States should be received +at the gangway of the yacht by the commanding officer +of such, and should be piped over the side by the boatswain—the +crew being drawn up in line on the port side +of the deck. As the President reaches the deck, the President’s +flag should be broken out at the main-topmast-head, +and one gun fired from the yacht in salute to same, +while the Captain, officers and crew should raise their +caps in salute. When the President leaves, the crew +should be stationed as before, and the Captain should +escort the President to the gangway, where the Boatswain +should be stationed as before, to blow the pipe and raise +his cap, together with the crew, as the President reaches +the rail. One gun should be fired and the President’s +flag hauled down as soon as the boat conveying the President +shoves off from the yacht’s side. Provided the +President embarks in one of the yacht’s boats, his flag +should be carried on the flagpole in the bows of the boat, +while the President is in it, and the yacht’s ensign should +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</span>be carried at the stern, as usual. The Sailing-Master of +the yacht should be detailed to take charge of the yacht’s +boat that carries the President. The Captain’s gig should +always be the boat employed in transporting guests whom +it is desired to specially honor.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of the Vice-President of the United +States.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Vice-President of the United States should receive +the same honors as prescribed for the President, +except that the national flag should be substituted for the +President’s flag and only one salute fired, which should +take place when the Vice-President leaves. A small +national flag should be carried on the flagstaff in the +bows of the yacht’s boat while conveying the Vice-President.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of the Secretary of the Navy.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Secretary of the Navy of the United States should +receive the same honors as prescribed for the Vice-President, +substituting the distinguishing flag of the Secretary.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of Other Cabinet Officers.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Other Cabinet officers should receive the same honors +as prescribed for the Secretary of the Navy, except that +there is no distinguishing or special bunting to be used.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of the Governor of a State.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Governor of a State should be received with the +same honors as prescribed for the Vice-President, except +that the flag of his State should be substituted, both at +the main-topmast-head and in the bows of the yacht’s +boats.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of a Foreign Sovereign.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>A foreign sovereign or the chief magistrate of any +foreign country should be received on board with the +same honors as prescribed for the President of the United +States, except that the flag of his country should be substituted.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of a Member of a Royal Family.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>A member of a royal family should receive the same +honors as prescribed for their sovereign, except that only +one salute be fired, which should take place at the time +the honored guest leaves the yacht.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of Naval and Army Officers.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>A naval or army officer should be received at the +gangway of the yacht by the Captain, and should be +piped over the side by the Boatswain, who should stand +alongside the gangway and keep his cap lifted while blowing +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</span>his pipe. Upon leaving, the Captain should escort +his guest to the gangway and should observe that the +Boatswain is stationed as before to wind his call as the +officer goes over the yacht’s side. If the naval or army +officer is of the rank of Commodore or Lieutenant-Colonel, +or higher, a gun may be fired after the boat containing the +guest has shoved off from the yacht’s side. Provided +the yacht’s boat is used by the guest, one of the yacht’s +deck officers should be sent in charge of same.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of Members of the Diplomatic Corps.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Members of the Diplomatic Corps of the rank of +Minister should be given the same honors as prescribed +for Cabinet officers, and if below the rank of Minister, +they should be given the same honors as prescribed for +naval and army officers.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of Other Officials.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Other high officials not mentioned in the foregoing +may have such honors accorded them in visiting the +yachts as may be consistent with the rules laid down.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Reception of Flag Officers.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Refer to “<a href="#SALUTES_IN_GENERAL">Salutes in General</a>,” next chapter.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Ceremony of Putting a Yacht in Commission.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The ceremony of putting a yacht in commission is +exceedingly simple. As a rule, this takes place as soon +as the yacht is in proper sailing trim—that is, when the +bright woodwork, etc., is scraped and varnished, standing +rigging set up, running rigging rove off, decks cleaned, +sails bent, etc. The officers and men appear on deck, in +uniform, and the club burgee and the Captain’s private signal +are “made up” and hoisted to their respective trucks; +then the Captain (the Sailing-Master may be authorized to +act in the former’s place) addresses the Sailing-Master: +“Mr. ——, I declare the yacht ‘——’ in commission.” +When this is said, the Sailing-Master orders the burgee +and private signal to be “broken out” and the yacht +ensign hoisted—this consummates the putting of the yacht +in commission.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Ceremony of Putting the Yacht Out of Commission.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The ceremony of going out of commission consists +simply of the following: Before the unbending of sail +or the dismantling of the yacht in any way, the crew +appear on deck in uniform, and the club burgee, private +signal and ensign halliards are manned. The owner addresses +the Sailing-Master: “Mr. ——, I declare the +yacht ‘——’ out of commission.” Upon this the Sailing-Master +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</span>orders a gun to be fired and the burgee, private +signal and ensign lowered. The dismantling of the yacht +may then commence.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Duties in Regard to the Ceremony of +Putting the Club in Commission, and Opening +the Clubhouse for the Season.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>After the date of the opening day of the Clubhouse +has been fixed upon by the Commodore and House Committee +(which usually occurs between the 1st and 15th +of May, and in some instances later), the Secretary, at +the request of the Commodore, or according to the regulations +of the club, notifies all members, at least ten days +in advance, by mail, that the club will open on this certain +day and date, and the time selected is usually 12.00 noon.</p> + +<p>After the arrival of the members, the Commodore calls +them to order in the Clubhouse, and in his own words +tells them of his pleasure in seeing them, and impresses +upon each officer, committee, and the members in general +the importance of observing the laws and regulations of +the club, and expresses his wishes for the success of the +club for the coming season. The Commodore then advises +that all assemble in front of the Clubhouse around +the flagpole, or on the veranda, for the purpose of putting +the club in commission. While the Commodore has been +addressing the members, the employees of the club have +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</span>bent all flags to their halliards and loaded the cannon. +One man is stationed at each signal halliard and one at +the cannon, standing by. The Commodore proceeds a +little in advance of members and guests, and at a signal +from him (usually a waving of the hand, previously +agreed upon) the gun is fired, the signals run up, and at +the same time the Commodore announces: “I declare the +—— Yacht Club in commission.” All the yachts in the +harbor should have dressed ship in advance, and should +salute the club by firing a gun as quickly as possible after +the gun of the Clubhouse has been fired.</p> + +<p>This concludes the act of putting the club in commission.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Duties During the Period that the +Yacht Club Is in Commission.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>While the club is in commission the Commodore +should deem it incumbent upon him to be watchful concerning +the general management of the club; to observe +that the various officers are alive to their duties; that +the rules and regulations are enforced and obeyed, and +that harmony prevails.</p> + +<p>The Commodore should preside at all general meetings +of the club at the Clubhouse; but in the event of his +anticipated absence he should delegate the Vice-Commodore +to preside, who, in turn, will notify the Rear-Commodore +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</span>should he find himself unable to attend. In the +absence of the three Commodores, the Fleet Captain will +preside, and in case of the latter’s absence the Senior +Captain present will take the chair, call the meeting to +order and transact the business of same.</p> + +<p>In all cases of dispute in club matters, the Commodore +and Board of Trustees should be the arbitrators.</p> + +<p>Before the season arrives for the commissioning of +the club, the Commodore should name his Fleet Captain, +Fleet Surgeon and Chaplain, etc.—in fact, the sooner he +names the same after his election as Commodore the +better.</p> + +<p>In the selection of his Fleet Captain the Commodore +should be careful to appoint a gentleman of experience in +yachting, as such a one will prove invaluable to the chief +Flag Officer, taking a great amount of responsibility and +care and detail away from the latter.</p> + +<p>In case the Fleet Captain has no yacht of his own, +the Commodore’s yacht should be open to him on all possible +occasions, as a matter of courtesy, and on a cruise +of the club, whether the Fleet Captain possesses a yacht +or not, his place is on the flagship, in constant official +attendance upon the Commodore, and in supervision of +the fleet from the flagship’s bridge or quarter-deck.</p> + +<p>The Fleet Captain should, under the authority of the +Commodore, direct all the movements of the fleet when +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</span>on the annual, or any special cruise, and the crew of the +flagship should be notified by the Commodore to execute +the orders of the Fleet Captain upon such occasions.</p> + +<p>Should the Commodore decide to be absent from the +club station for several days, he should notify the Vice-Commodore, +so that during such absence the latter might +assume the duties of Commodore should some special +occurrence be experienced.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">The Commodore’s Duties When the Club Is Going +Out of Commission.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p><a id="When_the_date_of_going_out_of_commission_is_fixed"></a>When the date of going out of commission is fixed, +all the members, at the request of the Commodore, are +notified, through the Secretary, by mail, to attend this +special meeting, in order to put the club out of commission. +In some instances the Secretary, Treasurer and +various committees submit their reports at this meeting, +other times, again, the reports are not submitted until +some time later in the autumn or winter. After all the +business of this stated meeting has been transacted, the +Commodore thanks each and all for the great aid he has +received from them all, also mentioning about the success +of the club for the past season. He then proposes that +they proceed to put the club out of commission. The +signal halliards and cannon have been manned, and at a +given signal from the Commodore the gun is fired, flags +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</span>are hauled down, and the Commodore at the same time +says: “I now declare the —— Yacht Club out of commission.” +If there are yachts at anchor off the Clubhouse +they should salute the club by firing their guns.</p> + +<p><span class="sc">Note.</span>—It is customary on the occasion of the yacht +club going out of commission to have a banquet for members +and guests.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Honors to the Captain when Embarking and Disembarking.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When the Captain is seen coming off to the yacht, it +should so be reported to the Sailing-Master (provided he +is on board, and, in his absence, to the Mate), who will +at once station one of the Quarter-Masters, or one of the +crew, at the “absent flag” halliards, and the Boatswain at +the gangway, to blow a pipe as the Captain comes over +the side, and, as the gig comes alongside the gangway, +the Sailing-Master will face the side, and as the Captain +steps over the rail, the Sailing-Master and Boatswain will +salute by touching the cap visor, and the absent flag will +be hauled down. The gig will remain alongside for +orders. The Sailing-Master, after ascertaining the Captain’s +wishes in regard to the gig, will either order it +hoisted or hauled out to the boom. When intending to +leave the ship, the Captain should send word to that effect +to the Sailing-Master (or to the Mate, in the absence of +the former), who will see that the gig is dropped down +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</span>to the starboard gangway and properly manned, when +it will then be reported as ready to the Captain. The +Sailing-Master and Boatswain will then take their stations +at the gangway, having a hand stationed at the absent +flag halliards; and as the Captain passes them to enter +the boat, the Boatswain will wind his call and touch his +cap, and the Captain shall receive and return the Sailing-Master’s +salute. The absent flag will be broken out as the +boat shoves off. On entering or leaving the gig the Captain +should be saluted by the Coxswain only.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Duties of the Fleet Captain.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Fleet Captain is appointed by the Commodore as +his executive officer, and retains his position at the pleasure +of the Commodore. His appointment is based upon +his practical yachting experience, that he may be enabled +to transact all official business in connection with the +fleet; to decide questions of etiquette, and to relieve the +Commodore of the details of squadron evolution. Orders +of the Commodore, or Acting Commodore, should be +issued through the Fleet Captain, and endorsed by the +latter; but only when the order bears the autograph signature +of the Fleet Captain should the word “official” be +used. The Fleet Captain’s flag should be carried on the +forward staff of any launch or boat that he may be in +charge of.</p> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="SALUTES_IN_GENERAL"> + SALUTES IN GENERAL. + </h2> +</div> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Guns Between Sunset and Colors.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Guns fired between sunset and colors are considered +signals of distress.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Guns on Sunday.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Guns should not be fired on Sunday, either in the +way of a salute or when getting underway or when +coming to anchor.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Colors and Sunset Gun To Be Fired by Senior +Officer’s Yacht.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When in company with one or more yachts of the +same club, the gun fired to make colors or sunset should +be that of the yacht of the senior officer of such club present, +whether he is on board his vessel or not.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Yachts to Salute Naval Vessels.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>All yachts should salute naval vessels of their own +or any other friendly country, by dipping the ensign. It +is customary for yachts to salute a naval vessel by dipping +the ensign once.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Dipping the Ensign.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In no case is the ensign to be dipped more than once +in one salute.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Yachts Passing to Salute.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Yachts passing should salute each other by dipping +the ensign once—the junior saluting first.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Yachts Meeting at Sea to Salute.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In meeting at sea yachts should salute each other, and +this salute should consist of simply dipping the ensign +once.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Steam Whistles Not to Be Used in Saluting.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Steam whistles and sirens should not be employed in +making or exchanging salutes between steam yachts or +launches.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">To Salute Upon Entering Harbor.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Upon entering harbor, Captains should salute the commanding +officer of the anchorage by firing one gun or by +dipping the ensign once at the time the anchor is dropped.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Salute to a Yacht Entering Harbor.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The salute to be made to a yacht entering port and +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</span>entitled to a salute consists of dipping the ensign once, +or the firing of a gun when the arriving yacht drops her +anchor.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Special Salute to Commodore Entering Harbor.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>On the occasion of the Commodore entering harbor +to assume personal command of his squadron, he should +be saluted on coming to anchor (and not before) by each +yacht of the squadron. This salute should consist of the +firing of one gun from each yacht, or by the dipping once +of the ensign. This salute should be acknowledged by the +firing of one gun by the flagship.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Ordinary Salute to Commodore Entering Harbor.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>On ordinary occasions, when the Commodore’s yacht +enters harbor his flag should only be saluted with one +gun from the yacht of the senior officer of such club +present, or by the dipping of the ensign once from such +senior’s yacht, and this salute should be acknowledged in +kind by the Commodore.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Junior Officer’s Yacht Entering Harbor.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When a junior flag officer’s yacht enters harbor, his +flag should be saluted when his yacht comes to anchor +by one gun, or by the single dipping of the ensign, from +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</span>the yacht of the senior officer present, provided the latter +is inferior in rank to the arriving flag officer; otherwise +the arriving officer will salute the flag of the officer in +command of the anchorage with one gun or by the single +dipping of the ensign when his yacht drops anchor.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer Leaving Harbor.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>A senior officer leaving harbor should indicate that +he has transferred his command to the officer next below +him in rank, by firing a gun or by dipping his ensign +once upon getting under way.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Flag Officer Making Official Visit.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When a flag officer makes an official visit between +colors and sunset, his flag should be run up to the fore-topmast-head +of the yacht visited and broken out as +soon as he boards the same. Upon leaving, one gun +should be fired and his flag hauled down after he has +entered the boat alongside and it has been shoved off from +the yacht.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Official Salute to Another Club.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>An official salute to another club should be made by +hoisting the burgee of such club to the fore-topmast-head +and firing one gun. After the salute has been returned, +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</span>or a reasonable time for the return of such allowed, the +burgee should be hauled down and the yacht’s own +burgee hoisted. In the absence of the burgee of the +club that is being saluted the yacht’s own burgee may +be half-masted while the salute is given.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Postponed Salutes.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Salutes postponed on account of Sunday, or owing to +the arrival of a yacht after sunset, should be made immediately +after colors on the following morning.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Judges’ Yacht Not to Be Saluted.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>During a race a yacht acting as Judge’s boat should +not be saluted.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Salutes Between Squadrons of Different Clubs.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>When squadrons of different clubs meet, whether in +harbor or at sea, salutes should be exchanged only by +the commanding officers of such squadrons.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Salutes Between Single Yacht and Squadron.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Salutes from single yachts to a squadron should be +answered only by the commanding officer of the squadron.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">When Firing Guns and Making Signals Are Prohibited.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Firing guns and making signals when under way +with a squadron should be carefully avoided, except in +the line of duty. That is, no private or personal signalling +should go on between yachts, as the same might easily be +considered as levity and as lacking in respect to the +commanding officer of the squadron.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Boat Salutes.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Salutes to be made between boats will be found under +the head of “Boat Service.”</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Salute to the Quarter-Deck.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Upon boarding or leaving a yacht, the quarter-deck +should be saluted by touching the cap.</p> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="BOAT_SERVICE"> + BOAT SERVICE. + </h2> +</div> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Particulars Concerning Boats.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Boats used on board yachts are known as gigs, cutters, +life-boats, and dingeys.</p> + +<p>Boats are built in three different ways, namely: The +<em>carval-built</em>, the planks fore and aft, the edges meeting +but not overlapping. The <em>clinker-built</em>, the planks fore +and aft, the edges overlapping. The <em>diagonal-built</em>, the +planking running diagonally, the inside planks running in +a contrary direction to the outside planks, their edges +meeting.</p> + +<p>Boats are called <em>single</em> or <em>double-banked</em>, according +as they have one or two rowers to a thwart.</p> + +<p><em>Thwarts</em> are the seats on which the crew sit; the space +abaft the after thwart is called the <em>stern-sheets</em>.</p> + +<p>The spaces for the oars in the wash streak of boats +are called <em>rowlocks</em>.</p> + +<p>Oars are made of ash or spruce; that part of the oar +which is dipped in the water is called the <em>blade</em>; the round +part which is inboard, the <em>loom</em>; the extremity of the +loom, which is grasped by the rower’s hand, the <em>handle</em>.</p> + +<p>Oars are called <em>double-banked</em> when two men pull +one oar.</p> + +<p><em>Feathering</em> is known as turning the blades nearly flat +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</span>to the water after the stroke, with the upper edge turned +forward.</p> + +<p><em>Boat-falls</em> are purchases made with two blocks and +a length of rope, used for hoisting a boat to the davits.</p> + +<p>The <em>painter</em> is a length of line made fast into a ring-bolt +in the stem of boats, used for making the boat fast, +to tow by, etc.</p> + +<p>The <em>gunwale</em> of a boat is the upper rail.</p> + +<p>The <em>yoke</em> is a piece of wood or metal fitted across +the head of a boat’s rudder.</p> + +<p><em>Yoke lines</em> are pieces of rope made fast to the yoke +by which the rudder is turned and the boat steered.</p> + +<p><em>Boat-davits</em> are pieces of timber or iron projecting +over a vessel’s sides or stern to hoist boats up to.</p> + +<p><em>A plug</em> is the wooden stopper fitted into a hole in the +bottom of the boat to let in or keep out water.</p> + +<p><em>Flooring</em> is the bottom boards of the boat.</p> + +<p><em>Boat booms</em> are the booms on either side of a vessel +to which the boats ride when the ship is at anchor.</p> + +<p><em>A boat-breaker</em> is a small keg used for carrying fresh +water.</p> + +<p><em>A boat-recall</em> is an understood signal made from the +ship to summon a boat to return.</p> + +<p><em>Gripes</em> are long strips of canvas leading from the +davit ends, and passing under a boat to secure it. <a id="Theyare_set_taut_by_lanyards"></a>They +are set taut by lanyards.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</span></p> + +<p><em>Boat-fenders</em> are small shapes of canvas or leather +stuffed and hung over a boat’s side to prevent it from +being chafed and from chafing the sides of the yacht.</p> + +<p><em>Back Board</em> is a board in the stern of the boat on +which is often printed the name of the yacht to which +she belongs.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Boat Ceremony and Discipline.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The lading of the gig should be arranged so that +juniors in rank and in official importance should enter +the boat first, and the one highest in rank and importance +should immediately precede the Captain, who should +always be the last to enter the boat and the first to disembark. +The disembarking should take place in the +reverse order to the embarking, so that the junior in +rank should be the last to leave the boat.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Boat Orders.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In the following the gig is supposed to be manned, +and lying alongside the gangway.</p> + +<p>After the gig is reported ready to the Captain, he will +direct his guests to enter the boat, and after they are all +seated he will receive and return the Sailing-Master’s +salute, then take his place in the gig—care having been +observed to leave the stern-sheets clear for him, and the +yoke lines ready to hand.</p> + +<p>The Captain will observe that his private signal is +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</span>stepped in the bows, that the seating of his guests does +not interfere with the stroke oarsman, and will then call:</p> + +<p>“<span class="sc">Shove off Forward!</span>”</p> + +<p>When this order is given, the man in the bows shoves +the boat’s head away from the ship’s side, stows his boat-hook, +and lays his hands on his oar.</p> + +<p>The next order is: “<span class="sc">Up Oars!</span>” “<span class="sc">Oars Apeak</span>” +is sometimes wrongfully employed.</p> + +<p>The crew will simultaneously seize and raise their +proper oars briskly to the vertical (keeping their eyes on +the stroke oarsman), and hold them thus directly in front +of them, the blades being fore-and-aft, the ends of the +oars held clear of the boat’s bottom; the oarsmen sitting +on the port side of the boat holding the oars with right +hands down, and those sitting on the starboard side holding +the oars with left hands down. The oarsmen sitting +on the port side of the boat pull the starboard oars, and +the oarsmen sitting on the starboard side of the boat pull +the port oars.</p> + +<p>The next command is: “<span class="sc">Let Fall!</span>”</p> + +<p>The oars must be dropped into the rowlocks together, +care being taken to prevent the blades from striking the +water—blades flat to the water and leveled.</p> + +<p>Next give the order: “<span class="sc">Give Way!</span>”</p> + +<p>The boat is now underway, the crew taking the style +of pulling from the stroke oarsman.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</span></p> + +<p>In running alongside of a vessel or float-stage, give +the boat sufficient impetus to “reach”; then call, while the +blades are in the water: “<span class="sc">Way Enough!</span>”</p> + +<p>The men will finish the stroke and then raise their +oars simultaneously to a vertical position, and lay them +with as little noise as possible amidships in the boat in +a line with the keel, the blades pointing forward. The +stroke and bow oarsmen seize their boat-hooks, and as the +boat runs alongside they stop its way and hold it.</p> + +<p>With four or more oared boat, just before the order +“<span class="sc">Way Enough</span>” is given, the order “<span class="sc">In Bow</span>” should be +given to allow the man forward to get in his oar and +take his boat-hook in hand ready to fend off when the +boat comes alongside the landing.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Boat Salutes.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Flag officers should display their pennants in the bows +of boats when underway, Captains their private signals, +and members the club burgee.</p> + +<p>Salutes shall only be made to boats displaying flags +as above.</p> + +<p>Junior flag officers, captains, and members in command +of boats should lie on their oars to the Commodore’s +boat in passing, and at the same time should raise their +caps in salute.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</span></p> + +<p>Sailing-Masters, under-officers and coxswains should +order their crews to lie on their oars to boats passing that +display flag officers’ pennants, and the one in charge of the +boat should raise his cap in salute.</p> + +<p>Seniors in rank acknowledge salutes by simply raising +the cap, and do not cease rowing.</p> + +<p>Captains and junior flag officers passing should salute +each other by raising the cap—the junior saluting first—but +the crews will not lie on their oars.</p> + +<p>The salutes from all boats under sail, being towed, or +laden, should be made by the one in charge raising his +cap, and the way of such boats should not be checked.</p> + +<p>When approaching your own or another yacht for +the purpose of going alongside, on being hailed, answer +by giving the name of your yacht, if a Captain, but if +a Commodore, the reply should be “Flag.”</p> + +<p>If it is desired to cease rowing temporarily, give the +order: “<span class="sc">Oars!</span>” The crew will then lift the blades of +their oars from the water, holding the blades horizontally, +and at right angles to the keel.</p> + +<p>When it is desired to continue rowing, simply call: +“<span class="sc">Give Way!</span>”</p> + +<p>When rowing, if passing so close to another boat that +a collision of oars seems probable, call: “<span class="sc">Trail!</span>” The +men will keep their oars in the rowlocks, but permit the +blades to trail aft and alongside. When the danger is +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</span>past, call: “<span class="sc">Oars!</span>”—this brings the crew to attention, +with the oars in position to receive the order: “<span class="sc">Give +Way!</span>”</p> + +<p>Never allow a boat’s crew to splash the water with +the blades of their oars when the order to “<span class="sc">Let Fall</span>” +is executed.</p> + +<p>Talking among a boat’s crew, or turning the head +to observe any object, while the boat is underway, should +never be allowed.</p> + +<p>The starboard after oar is called the “stroke oar,” and +gives the stroke, the remainder of the crew taking the +style from it; consequently it should be manned by the +best man in the boat—the coxswain of a gig pulls the +stroke oar when the Captain is in the boat.</p> + +<p>In rowing, the blade of each oar should be lifted +as high as the gunwale after it leaves the water, then +feathered by dropping the wrist. A short pause should +then be made, and the oar next thrown well forward, and +dropped edgewise into the water, taking care to avoid +splashing. Now, rip the oar through the water with a +hearty swing, and then repeat as above.</p> + +<p>If it is required to turn a boat suddenly, or short round +to starboard, then give the order to “<span class="sc">Give Way Port; +Back Starboard</span>.” If it is required to turn short to +port, then “<span class="sc">Give Way Starboard; Back Port</span>.” When +the boat is pointed aright, then, “<span class="sc">Give Way Together!</span>”</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</span></p> + +<p>In backing, as in pulling, the crew should always +keep stroke with the after oar of their respective sides.</p> + +<p>Never send a boat away from a ship at night without +being provided with a lantern, as many a boat has been +run down through inability to make its presence known.</p> + +<p>Remember, in running alongside a ship or landing, +that the deeper the boat is freighted, the longer she will +carry her way in the water.</p> + +<p>In leaving a ship in foggy weather, provide the boat +with a fog-horn and compass, and judge as nearly as +possible the bearing of the landing you wish to make. +Take the opposite of this bearing to return to the ship, +making in both cases due allowance for tide.</p> + +<p>The boats should always be kept in perfect condition, +and, unless the crew are required to shift themselves, not +more than three minutes should elapse between the time +the boat is called away and its arrival at the gangway, +manned and ready.</p> + +<p>Never send away a gig’s crew unless they are dressed +alike, and look “spick and span”; hat ribbons should +always be worn by a boat’s crew, unless racing hoods +are used.</p> + +<p>Nothing shows the good discipline of a yacht more +than efficient boat service; and it is worthy of all pains +and consideration.</p> + +<p>The ranking officer should always be the last to enter +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</span>a boat, and the first to leave it. He will, also, command +the boat.</p> + +<p>To ride out a gale of wind in an open boat, lash the +oars and bottom boards together and weight them if possible. +Span them with the boat’s painter and pitch +them overboard. This will keep the boat head to the +sea and prevent it from drifting fast.</p> + +<p>Assist the boat to keep head to the sea by the use +of a steering oar.</p> + +<p>When crossing the bar of a river, if the water is +much troubled, a steering oar should be used and the +rudder unshipped.</p> + +<p>In the case of a boat being unable to pull up to the +ship against a strong wind or tide, veer a line out from +the ship with the end made fast to a buoy or any floating +material sufficient to sustain the bight, and when this +reaches the boat the crew can make the end of the line +fast to the ring in the stem, and the boat can then be +hauled up. Another way is to drop a boat astern with +a line secured to its painter and then haul them both +up together.</p> + +<p>When two boats are approaching the same gangway, +or landing stage, the junior officer in rank should always +give way to the senior.</p> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="GOVERNMENT_OF_THE_YACHT"> + GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT + </h2> +</div> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Ship’s Bells.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The manner of telling the time on board ship is by +striking the bell. Eight bells indicate midnight, 4 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span>, +8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span>, noon, 4 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span>, and 8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> Thus it will be seen that +every even four hours after midnight brings 8 bells +around. After midnight the first bell struck is 1, which +stands for half-past twelve; one o’clock is represented by +2 bells, half-past one, by 3 bells; two o’clock by 4 bells; +half-past two, by 5 bells; three o’clock, by 6 bells; half-past +three, by 7 bells; and four o’clock, by 8 bells.</p> + +<p>At half-past four 1 bell is struck, and so on, in the +above order, until eight o’clock is made known by 8 bells +again.</p> + +<p>The time should always be taken from the flagship, +or the senior officer’s yacht present.</p> + + +<h3 id="TABLE"> + TABLE: +</h3> + +<table class="bells"> + <tr> + <td colspan="2" class="tdl">Midnight</td> + <td class="tdr hour">8</td> + <td class="tdl">bells.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12.30</td> + <td class="tdl allsmcap">A. M.</td> + <td class="tdr hour">1</td> + <td class="tdl">bell.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">1.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">2</td> + <td class="tdl">bells.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">1.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">3</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">2.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">4</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">2.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">5</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">3.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">6</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">3.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">7</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">4.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">8</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">4.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">1</td> + <td class="tdl">bell.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">5.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">2</td> + <td class="tdl">bells.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">5.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">3</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">6.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">4</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">6.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">5</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">7.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">6</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">7.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">7</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">8.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">8</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">8.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">1</td> + <td class="tdl">bell.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">9.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">2</td> + <td class="tdl">bells.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">9.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">3</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">10.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">4</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">10.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">5</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">11.00</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">6</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">11.30</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdr hour">7</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12.00</td> + <td class="tdc">noon</td> + <td class="tdr hour">8</td> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + </tr> +</table> + + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">The Boatswain’s Call.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>On vessels where a good-sized crew is carried, the +“Boatswain’s Call” should be largely employed.</p> + +<p>The following should always be “piped”:</p> + +<p>The call to meals; the order to heave round; to order +away boats; the order to haul; the order to belay; the +order to man the side; the order to make colors; the order +to make sunset; to call all hands; the call to muster; to +pipe down.</p> + +<p>It is impossible to explain on paper the regular man-o’-wars-man’s +“pipe” for the different orders, nor is it +necessary that their style should be followed out strictly +on yachts—any understood combination between the +boatswain (or mate) and the crew will answer all the +purposes for which the “call” is intended.</p> + +<p>The following is offered:</p> + +<p><em>The Call of Attention</em>: A long straight pipe. This +is used as a preface to the verbal call of all hands on +deck or to muster.</p> + +<p><em>To Call Away a Boat</em>: A long straight pipe, followed +by the verbal order: “<span class="sc">Away Gig!</span>” (or dingey or +cutter, as the case may be).</p> + +<p><em>The Call to Meals</em>: Three long, rolling pipes.</p> + +<p><em>To Heave Round, or to Pull</em>: Several moderately +short, straight pipes.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</span></p> + +<p><em>To Belay</em>: Two short, quick chirps, followed by a +moderately short, rolling pipe.</p> + +<p><em>To Pipe the Side</em>: A prolonged straight pipe. (The +Boatswain stands facing the gangway, his “call” held to +his mouth with his left hand, while his right hand is +raised to his cap in salute.) This pipe should be made +to the Captain, when coming on board or when leaving +the yacht. It should also be made to all other yacht commanders, +dignitaries, and officers of the army and navy.</p> + +<p><em>To Make “Colors” or “Sunset”</em>: Two short, quick +chirps, followed by a long, rolling pipe.</p> + +<p><em>To Pipe Down</em>: One long, straight, followed by a +long, rolling pipe.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc"><a id="Yacht_Routine"></a>Yacht Routine.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>As soon as a yacht is put in commission, the organization +of the officers and crew should be considered, so that +everything may work smoothly and harmoniously, to the +satisfaction and peace of the Captain and the manifest +benefit of all concerned. The Sailing-Master should be +held responsible for this, and, in perfecting the details, +of course, he must be guided by the number of his crew.</p> + +<p>If, in washing down, cleaning bright work, etc., each +man is given a certain station and allotted a particular +piece of work, it will be found that matters will be greatly +expedited, and the individual tasks will be performed +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</span>better, for the reason that the man is held accountable +for the appearance of his own part of the ship.</p> + +<p>Silence is one of the best evidences of discipline, and +the officers should set the example to the crew. When it +is necessary to issue an order let it be done in a quiet tone +and avoid calling along the deck as much as possible. +The latter suggests the “coaster” and establishes a bad +precedent.</p> + +<p>When in port the quartermaster or the last anchor +watch should turn out the cook one hour before “all +hands,” so that morning coffee may be ready when the +general call is made.</p> + +<p>Allow but twenty minutes between “turn out” and +“turn to.”</p> + +<p>After pumping the bilges, wash down decks, wipe the +sides around and the bright wood of the rail skylights and +companion way and then turn all hands on to the brass +work, using a chamois skin.</p> + +<p>Half an hour should be given the crew for breakfast +(7 to 7.30 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span>), after which they should again be turned +to, the brass work finished, the decks tidied up, the crew +dressed in their ordered uniform for the day and everything +ready for inspection by the Sailing-Master and Captain +(if the latter so desires).</p> + +<p>The Sailing-Master (or mate) should always have +one of the men row him around the vessel the last thing in +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</span>the morning, to make sure that all the running rigging is +taut, no scratches or chafing on the sides; that there are +no evidences of grass or scum along the water-line, and +that everything is proper and ship-shape.</p> + +<p>One hour should be allowed for men for dinner—from +12 to 1.</p> + +<p>A good Sailing-Master will always find something for +the crew to work at during working hours.</p> + +<p>Smoking hours on deck should be regulated.</p> + +<p>Never allow smoking while the crew are at work +about the decks.</p> + +<p>After supper (in port) allow the crew to smoke on the +forward deck as long as they please.</p> + +<p>Under no consideration ever permit a boat’s crew to +smoke while in the boat.</p> + +<p>In sending any boat ashore, the Sailing-Master (or, +in his absence, the mate), should always direct the boat +where to land, and when to return to the ship, except +when the Captain is in the gig, who will direct his own +crew.</p> + +<p>The crew should be habituated to move smartly about +the decks, and to answer quickly and respectfully to their +officers.</p> + +<p>In passing the Captain the crew should always salute +by touching the right hand to the cap, and the Captain +should at all times acknowledge same.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</span></p> + +<p>In the case of a gig’s crew, the coxswain only should +salute the Captain, both on entering and leaving the gig.</p> + +<p>Mattresses and blankets should be thoroughly aired +once every week, and oftener should there have been +damp weather.</p> + +<p>The Sailing-Master and mates should never be ashore +at the same time while the yacht is in commission.</p> + +<p>When coming to anchor, have the men stationed, and +the instant the anchor leaves the cat-head, fire a gun and +swing out the boat booms, except on Sundays, when no +gun will be fired. If a salute is due, however, it should be +fired immediately after colors on Monday morning.</p> + +<p>When leaving anchorage, if a steam yacht, fire a gun +the instant the anchor is aweigh, and the bell is rung to +go ahead, but if a sailing yacht, fire a gun when the anchor +is tripped, and the vessel fills away.</p> + +<p>On large yachts a quartermaster should always be on +watch to give notice to the officer of the deck on the approach +of boats to the vessel, signals made from other +yachts, or from the shore.</p> + +<p><em>Underway at Night</em>: Always have a lookout stationed +forward, and in case of unusual darkness or thick +weather, it is better to have two lookouts—one on either +bow. As soon as a light or a sail is sighted, it should be +reported in clear sharp tones to the officer of the deck, +who will at once convince himself as to its character and +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</span>whether his vessel or the one reported has the “right of +way” and act accordingly.</p> + +<p><em>At Anchor at Night</em>: As soon as it is dark the “anchor +watch” should be set. According to the number of +the crew available, the length of time for each man to +guard the deck should be regulated, so that from the time +the first anchor watch is set until all hands are called in +the morning, the watches shall be uniform, and no one +man called on deck twice during the night. It is the duty +of the watch to keep continually on the alert, examining +the moorings occasionally, visiting the quarter-deck, keeping +an eye to the bright burning of the anchor light, observing +the drift lead, the swinging of his own vessel with +the tide, also of the vessels around him, and being careful +that no boat gets alongside his vessel unawares. In case +a boat is seen making for the yacht, it should be hailed—“<span class="sc">Boat-Ahoy!</span>” +and if the hail is answered satisfactorily, +the boat can be allowed to board but, if not, it must be +warned off. In case of danger pound on the top of the +forecastle slide with anything available, at the same time +calling “<span class="sc">All Hands!</span>” in a voice calculated to rouse the +sleepers, and then, until the deck is officered, act yourself +under the circumstances, as your common sense dictates. +The anchor watch should strike the bells regularly during +the night.</p> + +<p><em>Boat Hails</em>: All boats closely approaching a yacht at +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</span>night should be hailed by the officer of the deck or the +watch. Replies should be as follows:</p> + +<ul class="hails"> + <li> For Commodore intending to board, “Commodore.”</li> + <li> For Vice and Rear Commodores, “Flag.”</li> + <li> For Fleet Captain, “Fleet.”</li> + <li> For Captain, the name of his yacht.</li> + <li> For a Club Member, “Aye, Aye.”</li> + <li> For a visitor, “Visitor.”</li> + <li> For Sailing-Master and other yacht officers, “No, no.”</li> + <li> For one of the crew, “Hello.”</li> + <li> For passing boats, “Passing.”</li> +</ul> + +<p><em>Concerning Watches</em>: As soon as a yacht leaves port, +bound on a voyage, the crew should be divided into +watches and the first regular watch set at 8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> on the +day of sailing. The Captain always takes the first watch +out, and the Sailing-Master the first watch home. The +stewards, cooks, and waiters are known as “idlers” and +they stand no watch.</p> + +<p>The captain’s watch is called the “starboard” and the +Sailing-Master’s the “port” watch.</p> + +<p>If there is an uneven number of men in the forecastle, +the odd man goes into the captain’s watch by courtesy.</p> + +<p>Provided the yacht carries a mate, the captain’s watch +is kept by him, so that the captain has no regular deck +duty, but goes and comes as he pleases.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</span></p> + +<p>The officer on watch is known as the “officer of the +deck,” and, while left in possession, his orders must be +obeyed to the letter. He has full powers to alter the +course of the ship to avoid danger, to make or alter, or +take in sail, etc.</p> + +<p>The seven regular watches are named as follows:</p> + +<table> +<tr> + <td class="tdc">From</td> + <td class="tdl">midnight to 4 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Mid Watch</dfn>.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdl">4 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span> to 8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Morning Watch</dfn>.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdl">8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span> to noon</td> + <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Forenoon Watch</dfn>.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdl">noon to 4 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Afternoon Watch</dfn>.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdl">4 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> to 6 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><dfn>the First Dog Watch</dfn>.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdl">6 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> to 8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Second Dog Watch</dfn>.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdc">”</td> + <td class="tdl">8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> to 12 midnight</td> + <td class="tdr"><dfn>the First Watch</dfn>.</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="DUTIES_AND_RESPONSIBILITIES"> + DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES + OF OFFICERS. + </h2> +</div> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Note.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In the following treatise on the duties and responsibilities +of the Captain and his officers, the question of the +steam yacht carrying a goodly crew has been particularly +considered <a id="but_the_rules_regulations_etc_laid_down"></a>but the rules, regulations, etc., laid down for +the government of such large craft may easily be modified +and brought within the compass of smaller steam and +sail yachts.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">The Captain.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The Sailing-Master, mates, boatswain, carpenter, +engineers, stewards, the petty officers, such as quartermasters, +cooks, oilers, boatswain’s mates, etc., as well as +every seaman, fireman, and waiter on board the yacht are +subject to the control and orders of the Captain.</p> + +<p>The Captain is responsible for the general equipment +and general management of his yacht, and for the vessel +(when in commission) being at all times fully found and +provided with coals, water, provisions, compasses, chronometers, +charts, sextants, and other stores and appliances +requisite for the navigation of the yacht. Of course, these +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</span>duties may be assigned to the Sailing-Master by the +Captain, but upon the latter rests the responsibility of +giving the necessary orders to insure such performance.</p> + +<p>The Captain shall inspect the yacht every day to +observe that cleanliness and order is practised in the +various departments—deck, engineer and steward’s—and +shall hold strictly accountable for each department the +officer in charge of same.</p> + +<p>The Captain shall see to it that the officers attend +strictly to their several duties, that no waste or extravagance +in the way of stores and provisions is allowed, and +that the men under the different heads of the departments +are respectful and obedient to their superiors and move +smartly in the discharge of their duties.</p> + +<p>The Captain will observe that the officers and men +respect the laws and regulations of the ports visited by the +yacht, and will issue strict orders that contraband or +dutiable articles for personal use shall not be brought on +board to cause trouble and annoyance upon the return of +the yacht to a home port, or upon an attempt to smuggle +such articles ashore in any other port.</p> + +<p>The Captain shall see to it that the crew are frequently +exercised at fire-quarters, and shall enforce the order that +all boats are kept ready for immediate lowering and that +the fire hose is attached at night and ready for use at a +moment’s notice.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</span></p> + +<p>The Captain will exact the observance of strict +courtesy between the officers of various departments and +not allow undue familiarity between them outside of their +own quarters, and gambling between the officers or +between the men shall always be prohibited.</p> + +<p>The Captain will forbid private trading on the part of +officers and crew under any circumstances, and shall +impress upon the minds of all on board that the dignity of +a gentleman’s private vessel is to be upheld, and that loud +or vulgar language will not be tolerated.</p> + +<p>The Captain will have reported to him all cases of +misconduct on the part of any of the crew, and will never +permit punishment to be inflicted unless by his express +orders, and he will award the character of the punishment +after consulting with the Sailing-Master, engineer or +steward, according to the department in which the offender +belongs. He is responsible for any ill-treatment +of the crew by his officers.</p> + +<p>If one of the crew die on board, the Captain must make +an inventory of his effects, entering same with the name, +rank, etc., in the log-book, and upon the arrival of the +yacht in port, a report must be made to the health-officer +of the port.</p> + +<p>The Captain has the power to appoint his officers and +has entire command over them during the time they are +on board. He may, for any cause, suspend them from +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</span>duty, and in case of mutinous conduct at sea, he is justified +in putting in irons any officer or any member of the crew. +The log-book must, according to law, set forth all that +occurs of an important nature during the voyage, especially +such cases as punishment inflicted, and for what +cause, etc.</p> + +<p>Upon arrival in a foreign port, the Captain should +go to the Custom House, taking the bill of health and +yacht’s papers and report his arrival.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">The Sailing-Master.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Under the head of “<a href="#Yacht_Routine">Yacht Routine</a>,” in a preceding +chapter, will be found in detail the character of the deck +work that the Sailing-Master should see carried out.</p> + +<p>The Sailing-Master, when the yacht is underway, will +never allow the officer of the deck to leave the bridge +unless regularly or temporarily relieved.</p> + +<p>If the Sailing-Master disapproves of anything performed +by one of the officers, he should quietly call him +aside and correct him, but he should never do it within +the hearing of the crew, as they may lose respect for an +officer who was not shown respect by an officer above him.</p> + +<p>The Sailing-Master, mate, second mate, or any other +officer, when in charge of the deck, has full power over the +yacht, as he represents the authority of the Captain.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</span></p> + +<p>The Sailing-Master will navigate the yacht and will be +responsible to the Captain for the safety and order of the +vessel above and below decks, and, provided he is entrusted +to select the officers and crew, he will be responsible +to the Captain for their competency and desirability +in all respects.</p> + +<p>Whenever an officer, or any of the seamen, desires to +see the Captain for personal reasons, he must first acquaint +the Sailing-Master with his wishes, and the Sailing-Master +will refer the request to the Captain, who will specify his +pleasure in the matter, and such will be conveyed in turn +to the applicant; but under no circumstances will the Captain +be approached by an officer or man, “over the Sailing-Master’s +head,” for the only way to maintain discipline +on board is by impressing upon the crew as a whole that +the Sailing-Master, being the executive officer, the running +of the yacht is in his hands, and the most implicit obedience +and respect must be accorded him.</p> + +<p>Officers and men must never think of leaving the +yacht, even when alongside the dock, without first obtaining +the consent of the Sailing-Master, or, in his absence, +from the officer left in command, who will be acquainted +with the Sailing-Master’s wishes in the matter.</p> + +<p>When entering or leaving port, the Sailing-Master’s +place is on the bridge, directing the movements of the +yacht.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Chief Engineer.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The chief engineer has full control over all persons—officers +and men—in his department.</p> + +<p>The engineer on watch in the engine-room when the +yacht is underway, represents the chief engineer, and the +fireman on watch must obey him, and he in turn must +obey any orders received from the officer of the deck in +the way of handling the engines.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will be held responsible for all +hands in his department implicitly carrying out the orders +of the Captain, or of the officer of the deck.</p> + +<p>Neither the assistants nor any member of the engine +or fire-room force will leave the vessel without first +reporting to and obtaining the chief engineer’s consent, +who, in turn, will solicit the same from the Sailing-Master +and then acquaint the applicant with the result.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will personally superintend the +coaling of the yacht, and satisfy himself that the quantity +of coal charged for has been received on board. He will +make an entry on the engine-room log-book stating the +amount of coal receipted for, also its quality.</p> + +<p>When other engine-room stores, tools, etc., are received +on board, they will be receipted for by the chief +engineer and a memorandum of same entered on his log-book.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</span></p> + +<p>The chief engineer will be held responsible for any +waste of stores or extravagance in his department.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will be held accountable for the +conduct of all officers and men under his control.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will enforce the law that an engineer +on watch is never to absent himself from the +engine-room without having been regularly relieved by +another engineer, and will also see to it that no fireman, +oiler, water-tender, etc., leaves his post without permission +from the engineer on watch.</p> + +<p>Should any member of the engineer’s force misconduct +himself, or disobey any order received by him from +a superior officer, the chief engineer must report the case +to the Captain, so that it may be dealt with by the latter, +and in no case is the chief or one of his assistants to +inflict punishment upon a man unless such punishment +is authorized by the Captain.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will see to it that the engineer of +the watch keeps a steady pressure of steam, according to +the instructions that he has received, and with a view +to economy of fuel, the engineer on watch will direct +attention to the condition of the fires, and the mode of +firing. The chief will also make sure that his assistants +are well acquainted with the various pipes, cocks, valves +and connections generally.</p> + +<p>When entering or leaving port the chief engineer will +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</span>assume personal charge of the engines, or at any other +time when special care is demanded for executing promptly +the orders signalled from the bridge.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will keep the engine-room log-book, +and fill up the columns therein. Under the head of +“Remarks” he will enter the particulars of all stores used; +the time of leaving and arriving in port; all occurrences +relating to the working of the boilers and machinery, +accidents of whatever nature to engines or to the men, +etc., and each day’s log is to be verified by his signature.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will daily, at noon, while under +steam, lay before the Sailing-Master an abstract of the +engine-room log-book, containing the expenditure of coals, +oils and other stores during the preceding twenty-four +hours, and the amount remaining on hand; also the total +number of revolutions made during the preceding twenty-four +hours.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will be held responsible that the +steam steering-gear, windlass, refrigerating and electric +plants are kept in efficient state and at all times ready +when required.</p> + +<p>On sailing days, or on departure from any port, the +chief engineer must have his department in good order, +steam maintained at the proper limit, and half an hour +before the time of starting he must report to the Sailing-Master +that his department is all ready, after which the +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</span>chief and his assistants must remain on duty until the +yacht is clear of the pilot or the harbor cleared, when +the first assistant engineer will take charge of the engine-room +watch.</p> + +<p>Should the engineer of the watch find it necessary to +stop his engines when underway, he shall at once send +word to the Sailing-Master or to the officer of the deck, +and obtain his consent before stopping, except in cases +of special emergency, when he will be justified in stopping +without orders, but knowledge of the act must at +once be sent to the officer of the deck.</p> + +<p>The chief engineer will have full control of regulating +the amount of steam to be carried, using his own judgment +as to what is necessary for the speed required.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">First Mate.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>It is common to refer to the first mate as the “chief officer.”</p> + +<p>After being appointed the chief officer, he should get +an inventory of everything under his charge, and obtain +from the boatswain and carpenter a list of their stores +also, and a memorandum of whatever else they require. +He should see that the windlass is in good working order, +and inspect personally the boats, falls, running and standing +rigging, sails, sail-covers, awnings, etc., and each +night should lay out the work for the boatswain and +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</span>give him orders concerning his work for the coming day. +He should also observe that the carpenter attends to the +sluices and sounds the well and tanks night and morning.</p> + +<p>When underway at sea, if the chief officer does not +stand watch, he should be about the decks all day to see +that the boatswain is pushing the work along.</p> + +<p>The chief officer will also keep the log-book, copying +into it from the rough or deck log, and should take sights +of the sun for latitude and longitude, determine the deviation +by azimuths of the sun, and keep the yachts run by +dead-reckoning. The log-book must be ready each day +at 2 bells (one o’clock <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span>), for inspection by the Sailing-Master.</p> + +<p>In anchoring, mooring and unmooring ship, the chief officer’s place is on the forecastle, directing the handling +of the bow-lines.</p> + +<p>When heaving up anchor, or when coming to anchor, +the chief officer’s place is on the forecastle directing the +handling of the cable according to orders from the Sailing-Master +on the bridge.</p> + +<p>If the first officer stands deck watch, his bridge duties +will be the same as those laid down for the second officer.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Second Mate.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In mooring and unmooring ship, the second officer’s +place is aft, and he is responsible for any accident that +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</span>occurs at his end of the yacht while docking or leaving +dock, or when getting underway or coming to anchor.</p> + +<p>When running out lines, or taking them in, he must +be careful to keep them clear of the propeller, and in the +event of a line getting foul of same he must at once make +same known to the officer on the bridge, so that the +engines may be stopped.</p> + +<p>When docking, a couple of cork-fenders should be +kept handy on the quarters.</p> + +<p>After mooring, the ropes should be coiled down neatly +and chafing gear put on where necessary, after which +the men should be sent forward to the boatswain.</p> + +<p>When leaving port, the second mate should attend to +the secure lashing of anything requiring it aft, and also +see to it that the carpenter has secured the gangways, +ports, etc.</p> + +<p>When coming to anchor, the second mate’s place is +by the leadsman, when he does not take the lead himself.</p> + +<p>When at sea, before he relieves the bridge, he should +take a turn around the deck fore and aft to see that +there is nothing adrift and no evidences of anything +wrong.</p> + +<p>He should never hesitate to call the Captain if in doubt +about anything of an important nature—such as fog; if +weather looks threatening; if the barometer is unsteady; +if there is the sight or sound of broken water.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</span></p> + +<p>The second mate must be particular to note everything +correctly in the log-book for his watch, reading the patent +log the last thing and entering the distance run for the +preceding four hours.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Boatswain.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Upon reporting for duty the boatswain must ascertain +the kind and quantity of the deck stores, cordage, sails, +canvas, paints, brushes, salt-water-soap, brooms, etc., etc., +because it is his duty to serve out such in keeping the +yacht in order.</p> + +<p>He must inspect every time they are used cat-falls, +mooring-lines, etc., and if they are found defective, he +must at once make a report to the first mate.</p> + +<p>The boatswain remains on deck all day and takes +charge of all the men engaged on deck work, receiving +his orders each night from the first mate as to the character +of the work to be carried on the following day; but +he must also exercise his own judgment when he sees +anything of a minor nature in his department requiring +attention.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Carpenter.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>Upon reporting for duty the carpenter must overhaul +all the sluices to see that they are in proper working +order; make himself familiar with the location of the +sounding-pipe, water tanks, etc.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</span></p> + +<p>He must also thoroughly understand the working of +the windlass, and take personal charge of it when the +anchors are being used. It is his special duty also to +examine all dead lights for leaks, and to attend to the +shipping and unshipping of the gangway ladders.</p> + +<p>The carpenter is under the direct orders of the chief officer, +and whenever the carpenter’s services are required +by the engineers, the chief officer must have the application +for the carpenter’s services made to him.</p> + +<p>The carpenter must sound the tanks and well every +night and morning, note his remarks on the engine-room +slate, and report as well to the officer of the deck—this +must be done both at sea and in port.</p> + +<p>It is also the carpenter’s duty to attend to the steering-gear +and report at once to the chief mate any defect in +the wheel-chains or mechanism.</p> + +<p>The carpenter has the keeping in repair of all the +boats, spars, bulwarks, blocks, and in fact everything of +a wooden nature on board the yacht.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Quartermasters.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The duties of quartermasters are to steer the yacht, +keep the pilot house in order, clean all bright work +belonging to his department in the way of binnacles, +wheel, speaking tubes, steering-gear, step-plates, etc. +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</span>They have charge of the bunting and are responsible for +its condition, and it is also required of them that they +shall be familiar with the signal code, and shall take the +signal halliards under their personal care to insure their +readiness for use. All the signal lanterns are under their +charge, as is also the hand and deep-sea leads. When +the yacht is at anchor, quartermasters stand regular watch +and watch by day as well as by night, taking charge of the +anchor watch.</p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Steward.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>The duties of the steward are varied, and the comfort +and happiness of the yacht depend upon his ability, +integrity, and ambition to keep a contented ship fore +and aft.</p> + +<p>Whether he is serving on a small yacht or a large one, +he should remember that the money of the millionaire +owner should not be any more recklessly spent by the +steward than the money of the man who can afford yachting +in only a very modest way. Besides this, the steward +should be a man of sufficiently high moral character to +realize that waste of any kind is wicked.</p> + +<p>It matters not how rich an owner may be, he is just +as sensitive to the foolish expenditure of his money as +is his less pretentious yachting friend, and no steward +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</span>should conduct his department on the theory that the +owner is too well off to be at all concerned whether it +costs five dollars a day to provision the yacht or five +hundred.</p> + +<p>There are stewards who personally are strictly honest, +but who are either careless in the quantity of the purchases, +or who leave entirely too much to the cook—who +think it too great a trouble to look into “pots and pans,” +or who avoid any such supervision for fear of offending +the autocrat of the galley. This is all wrong. The cook +is under the direction and orders of the steward, and if +the latter is the proper sort of official he will not allow +any other interpretation of his authority.</p> + +<p>If under-stewards are carried, they are simply aids +to the steward, whose orders they will at all times unquestionably +obey, and to insure the smooth running of this +department, the owner should authorize the steward to +select his subordinates.</p> + +<p>It goes without saying that all the provisions on board +are under his care, and that he should at all times know +the amount of stores on hand in his department. He +should keep an expenditure book showing credit and +debit sides, so as to be able quickly to know how much +money he has received from the owner, and what amount +of same he has expended.</p> + +<p>In addition to his care of the owner’s wardrobe, the +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</span>silverware, glass, crockery, bedding and linen, both in +the cabins and officers’ quarters, he is responsible also +for fixtures in the way of lamps, cushions, furniture, etc.</p> + +<p>He should, in addition to his supervision of the cabins, +inspect the officers’ rooms every morning to see that same +are sweet and clean. He must demand that everything +in the kitchen is kept shining; that the brass work on the +inside of all skylights to cabin and officers’ quarters, and +the hand-rails to companionway are at all times carefully +polished.</p> + +<p>Whenever it is desired to brush rugs and mats on +deck, he should always notify the mate, so that proper +precautions may be taken to prevent dust from injuring +anything about decks in the way of fresh paint, varnish, +etc.</p> + +<p>When it is necessary that he should go ashore for +provisions, ice, etc., he should notify the Sailing-Master +sufficiently ahead of time so that the boat service required +may not interfere with the regular deck work.</p> + +<p>In the case of guests his duty is to contribute in +everyway possible to their comfort and pleasure while +on board, realizing that by so doing he is not only fulfilling +another of his functions, but that he is rendering +the greatest satisfaction to the owner, whose pleasure it +is to know that the outing offered his friends is being +made as pleasant as possible.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</span></p> + + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="sc">Surgeon.</span></p> +</blockquote> + +<p>In the event of a surgeon being carried, it will be the +duty of this officer to look after the general health of all +on board, and to be keenly alive to the sanitary condition +of the yacht.</p> + +<p>Whenever an inspection of the vessel is being held, it +is his place to accompany the Captain on his rounds, and +to offer needful suggestions.</p> + +<p>When the yacht’s water tanks are to be filled, he +should inspect the quality of the water offered, and should +analyze same if he is suspicious that it may be unhealthy +owing to the presence of vegetable matter, etc.</p> + +<p>Should sickness occur among the crew, he should +take proper precautions to isolate the man so far as +possible until a satisfactory diagnosis of the case assures +him as to the character of the illness.</p> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="SYNOPSIS_OF_U_S_LAWS_GOVERNING_AMERICAN"> + SYNOPSIS OF U. S. LAWS GOVERNING AMERICAN + STEAM AND SAIL YACHTS, AND + FOREIGN YACHTS IN U. S. + WATERS. + </h2> +</div> + + +<p>1. A yacht must be licensed.</p> + +<p>A license authorizes a yacht to sail from port to port +of the United States, and by sea to foreign ports, without +entrance or clearance, and absolves her from the payment +of tonnage duty and light money; but upon the return +of a yacht from a foreign port she must enter at the +Custom House of the port of her first arrival.</p> + +<p>To enter a vessel, it is necessary to have a manifest +with two copies ready on arrival. The revenue cutter +may take one, the boarding officer another, while the third +is produced by the Master before the Collector.</p> + +<p>The Master makes oath to its truth. The manifest +should specify ship’s stores, and state that no cargo is +carried.</p> + +<p>2. In going foreign a yacht captain may have a certified +crew list and shipping articles (sign his crew to +articles), although it is not compulsory.</p> + +<p>3. Whether or not, in going foreign, a bill of health +for the vessel would be needed, would depend upon the +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</span>laws of the country of her destination. If it is decided to +carry same, it may be obtained from the Custom House +upon demand, provided the port sailing from is in a +normal condition of healthfulness.</p> + +<p>4. A foreign yacht arriving from abroad must be +entered at the port of her first arrival; but tonnage duty +is not exacted, provided she belongs to a regularly organized +and incorporated yacht club.</p> + +<p>5. A pleasure vessel purchased by a citizen from an +alien has the same privileges as a vessel built in the +United States, except that she cannot be documented. +She is subject to light money of fifty cents per ton on +arrival at each port, although this is seldom enforced.</p> + +<p>6. If a foreign yacht should be wrecked in U. S. +waters, and be purchased by a citizen, who expends upon +her in repairs three times as much as he paid for her +as a wreck, she could be documented as a yacht of the +United States.</p> + +<p>7. A foreign-built yacht owned by a citizen may fly +the U. S. flag, but not the American yacht ensign, according +to law, which ensign is prescribed for American-built +yachts only; but it is often flown contrary to law.</p> + +<p>8. For a sailing yacht the name of the vessel and +port must be placed conspicuously upon the stern. The +letters to be not less than three inches in length.</p> + +<p>9. The name of a screw steamer yacht, and her +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</span>port, must be placed on the stern in letters six inches in +length, and upon each outer side of the pilot house; but +if she be a side-wheel vessel, the name must be painted +on the outside of each paddle-box also.</p> + +<p>10. The painting of the name upon the bows of +yachts is optional with the owner.</p> + +<p>11. Any vessel propelled in whole or in part by +steam is declared a steam vessel within the meaning of +the law.</p> + +<p>12. The hull and boiler of a steam yacht is subject to +annual inspection by the U. S. Board of Local Inspectors.</p> + +<p>13. No steam yacht, whatever her size, is permitted +to be navigated without a licensed master or pilot, and +engineer, under penalty of a fine of one hundred dollars +for each offense.</p> + +<p>14. Masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, upon giving +satisfactory evidence of their qualifications, may be +licensed by the U. S. Local Inspectors for the term of +five years, but the license may be revoked for cause.</p> + +<p>15. Every licensed officer must have his license +framed under glass, and posted in a conspicuous place +on board the vessel, under penalty of revocation or one +hundred dollars fine.</p> + +<p>16. Any one who employs an unlicensed officer is +subject to a fine of one hundred dollars.</p> + +<p>17. The Local Inspectors are authorized to suspend +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</span>or revoke, upon satisfactory evidence, the license of any +officer for bad conduct, drunkenness, inattention to duty, +or incapacity.</p> + +<p>18. If an owner proves to the Local Inspectors that +his engineer has allowed his boiler to burn, and that he +has not kept his engine and machinery in good order, +the Inspectors are authorized to degrade him.</p> + +<p>19. The fees previously charged for licenses to officers, +and for inspections and examinations of vessels of +the United States, were abolished in 1886.</p> + +<p>20. A yacht of any foreign nation, which extends +like courtesies to the United States, provided the yacht +belongs to a regularly organized and incorporated yacht +club, is privileged to arrive at and depart from port to +port of the United States without making entrance or +clearance, but when arriving from a foreign port she +must enter at the port of her first arrival in the United +States.</p> + +<p>If the yacht does not belong to such a nation, or does +not belong to such a yacht club, she must enter at and +clear from every port of the United States she goes into.</p> + +<p>21. A commission to sail for pleasure, in any designated +yacht belonging to a regularly organized and incorporated +yacht club, may be obtained from the Treasury +Department through the Collector of Customs at the port +where the yacht may be. It does not supersede the license, +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</span>but is in addition to it, and is only issued by yachts going +abroad to secure more extended courtesies. It is issued +for the voyage only, and must be surrendered at the +port of her first arrival on her return to the United +States.</p> + +<p>22. Yachts of 20 tons and upwards must also be +enrolled. (1899 Laws.)</p> + +<p>23. According to law, the owner of a steam yacht +may secure a license to command and pilot his own +vessel, provided he passes the examination required by +the U. S. Local Inspectors of Steam Vessels.</p> + + +</div> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</span></p> + + + <h2 class="nobreak" id="INDEX"> + INDEX + </h2> +</div> + + +<ul> + <li class="ifrst">BOAT SERVICE. <span class="pad7lft">PAGE</span></li> + + <li class="indx">Boat Ceremony and Discipline, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Boat Orders, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Boat Salutes and Management, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Particulars Concerning Boats, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> + + + <li class="ifrst">CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES.</li> + + <li class="indx">Captain of Visiting Yacht Pays Respects, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Commodore’s Duties—Commissioning Club, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Commodore’s Duties—Club in Commission, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Commodore’s Duties—Going Out of Commission, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Duties of the Fleet Captain, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Honors to the Captain Embarking, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Honors to the Captain Disembarking, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Putting Yacht In Commission, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Putting Yacht Out of Commission, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Quarter-Deck to be Saluted, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of the President, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of the Vice-President, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Secretary of Navy, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Cabinet Officers, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of a Governor, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Foreign Sovereign, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Royalty, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Naval Officers, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Army Officers, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + + <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</span>Reception of Other Officials, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Flag Officers, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Reception of Diplomatic Corps, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Senior Officer Returns Salutes and Visits, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Senior Officer Tenders Civilities, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht Joining Squadron, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + + + <li class="ifrst">COLORS IN GENERAL.</li> + + <li class="indx">Absent Flag, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> + + <li class="indx">At Anchor with Naval Vessels, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Before Colors or After Sunset, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Burgee and Private Signal Broken Out, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Colors in Yacht’s Boats, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Colors to be Well Hoisted, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Commodore Cruising with Another Club, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Commodore’s Night and Day Pennant, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Commodore’s Private Signal, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Day Signals for Pilots, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Death of Captain, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Death of Club Member, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Death of Flag Officer, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Death of One of the Crew, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Dressing Ship, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Ensign When Passing Light Houses, Etc., <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Ensign When Passing Naval Vessels, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Entering or Leaving Port, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Flag Officer Entering Another Harbor, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Flag Officer’s Pennant, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Hauling Down Half-Mast Colors, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Hours for Half-Masting Colors, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + + <li class="indx">How to Half-Mast Colors, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + + <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</span>Jack—When Displayed, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Making Colors, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Making Sunset, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Mastless Yachts, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Meal Pennants, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> + + <li class="indx">National Mourning, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Night Pennant, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Night Signals for Pilots, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Off a Naval Station, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Permission to Half-Mast Colors, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Place to Display Colors, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Saluting with Ensign Half-Mast, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Senior Officer Gives the Time, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Signal for Towing-Boat, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Single Stickers, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Sunrise and Sunset, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Time to Make Colors, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Visiting Another Club, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht Flags and How They Are Used, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht Short-Handed, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> + + + <li class="ifrst">DUTIES OF OFFICERS.</li> + + <li class="indx">Boatswain, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Captain, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Carpenter, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Chief Engineer, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + + <li class="indx">First Mate, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Quartermasters, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Sailing-Master, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Second Mate, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Steward, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Surgeon, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + + + <li class="ifrst"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</span>GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT.</li> + + <li class="indx">At Anchor at Night, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Boat Hails, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Concerning Watches, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Ship’s Bells, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + + <li class="indx">The Boatswain’s Call, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Underway at Night, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht Routine, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + + + <li class="ifrst">SALUTES IN GENERAL.</li> + + <li class="indx">Boat Salutes, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Colors and Sunset Gun, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Dipping the Ensign, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Flag Officer’s Official Visit, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Guns Between Sunset and Colors, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Guns on Sunday, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Judges’ Yacht not Saluted, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Junior Officer Entering Harbor, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Official Salute to Another Club, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Ordinary Salute to Commodore, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Postponed Salutes, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Salute of Passing Yachts, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Salute to Quarter-Deck, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Salute to Yacht Entering, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Salutes Between Squadrons, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Salutes to Naval Vessels, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Salutes Upon Entering Harbor, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Salutes When Meeting at Sea, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Senior Officer Leaving Harbor, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Single Yacht and Squadron, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Special Salute to Commodore, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Steam Whistles Not to be Used, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + + <li class="indx">When Firing Guns is Prohibited, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + + <li class="indx">When Making Signals is Prohibited, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + + + <li class="ifrst"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</span>SPECIAL LIGHTS.</li> + + <li class="indx">Absent Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Commodore’s Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Dinner Light, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Lanterns Under Boom, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Rear-Commodore’s Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Vice-Commodore’s Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + + + <li class="ifrst">SYNOPSIS OF U. S. YACHTING LAWS.</li> + + <li class="indx">Bill of Health, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Documenting of a Foreign Yacht, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Entering a Yacht, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Fine for Unlicensed Officers, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Foreign Yacht May Fly American Flag, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Foreign Yacht Must Enter, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Foreign Yachts Visiting the U. S., <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Hailing Port Must be Shown, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Inspection of Hull and Boiler, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Licensed Master, Pilot and Engineer, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Light Money, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Name of Yacht to be Displayed, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Owner’s Licenses as Master and Pilot, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Shipping Articles, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Suspension of License, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Tonnage Duty, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + + <li class="indx">What Constitutes a Steam Vessel, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht Commission, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht Enrollment, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht License Privileges, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + + <li class="indx">Yacht’s Manifest, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> +</ul> + + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> +<div class="chapter"> + <h2 class="nobreak" id="Transcribers_Notes"> + Transcriber’s Notes + </h2> +</div> + +<div class="transnote"> + +<p>Inconsistencies in hyphenation and capitalization have been silently addressed.</p> + +<p>Obvious printing errors have been silently corrected. Other changes:</p> + +<ul> +<li><a href="#When_the_date_of_going_out_of_commission_is_fixed">When the date of going out of commission is fixed[,]</a></li> +<li><a href="#Theyare_set_taut_by_lanyards">They are set tau[gh]t by lanyards.</a></li> +<li><a href="#but_the_rules_regulations_etc_laid_down">but the rules, regulations[,] etc., laid down for the government of such large craft</a></li> +</ul> + +Flag illustrations have been moved from pages 8 and 9 to a place in the text +where each flag is mentioned. The flag not specifically mentioned in +the text remains in its original location. + +</div> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/78830-h/images/absence.png b/78830-h/images/absence.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f227398 --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/absence.png diff --git a/78830-h/images/burgee.png b/78830-h/images/burgee.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3e1de8 --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/burgee.png diff --git a/78830-h/images/church.jpg b/78830-h/images/church.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0aeb4d --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/church.jpg diff --git a/78830-h/images/commodore.jpg b/78830-h/images/commodore.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ba5611 --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/commodore.jpg diff --git a/78830-h/images/cover.jpg b/78830-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5747eb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/cover.jpg diff --git a/78830-h/images/crewsmeal.png b/78830-h/images/crewsmeal.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..47b4246 --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/crewsmeal.png diff --git a/78830-h/images/ensign.jpg b/78830-h/images/ensign.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..498789a --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/ensign.jpg diff --git a/78830-h/images/jack.png b/78830-h/images/jack.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..86df716 --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/jack.png diff --git a/78830-h/images/ownersmeal.png b/78830-h/images/ownersmeal.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f3386f --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/ownersmeal.png diff --git a/78830-h/images/private.png b/78830-h/images/private.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a05fa --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/private.png diff --git a/78830-h/images/rudderstation.jpg b/78830-h/images/rudderstation.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e73336 --- /dev/null +++ b/78830-h/images/rudderstation.jpg diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c72794 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This book, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. 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