Initial commit of ebook 78830 filesHEAD main

author: www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org> 2026-06-08 13:08:10 -0700
committer: www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org> 2026-06-08 13:08:10 -0700
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <title>
+      On Yacht Etiquette | Project Gutenberg
+    </title>
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+    <style>
+
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+
+/* Transcriber's notes */
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+    font-size:small;
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+    margin-bottom:5em;
+    font-family:sans-serif, serif;
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+/* Illustration classes */
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+    </style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 ***</div>
+
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak editions" id="UNIFORM_EDITIONS">
+    UNIFORM EDITIONS
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="front">
+<h3 id="RUDDER_ON_SERIES" class="editions">
+  RUDDER ❦ON❦ SERIES
+</h3>
+<hr class="front">
+
+<p class="center"><i>Bound in blue buckram and gold, 32mo, illustrated</i></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>ON YACHTS AND YACHT HANDLING. By
+Thomas Fleming Day. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>ON MARINE MOTORS AND MOTOR LAUNCHES.
+By E. W. Roberts, M. E. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>ON YACHT ETIQUETTE. Second Edition Revised.
+By Captain Howard Patterson. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>SOUTHWARD BY THE INSIDE ROUTE. Reprint
+from <span class="sc">The Rudder</span>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr class="front">
+<h3 id="RUDDER_HOW-TO_SERIES" class="editions">
+  RUDDER ❦HOW-TO❦ SERIES
+</h3>
+<hr class="front">
+
+<p class="center"><i>Bound in blue buckram and gold, 8vo, illustrated</i></p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A SKIPJACK. Reprint from <span class="sc">The
+Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A RACER FOR $50. Reprint from
+<span class="sc">The Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A MOTOR LAUNCH. By Chas.
+D. Mower. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A KNOCKABOUT. By Chas. D.
+Mower. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A RACING SLOOP. By Chas. D.
+Mower. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A SHOAL-DRAUGHT SLOOP.
+Reprint from <span class="sc">The Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A FLATTIE OR SHARPIE. Reprint
+from <span class="sc">The Rudder</span>. Price $1.</p>
+
+<p>HOW TO BUILD A MODEL YACHT. By Herbert
+Fisher. Price $1.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+<h1><span class="small">On</span><br>
+Yacht Etiquette:
+</h1>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="sc">What To Do, and How to Do It. Courtesies,
+Discipline, Ceremonies and Routine for
+Any and All Circumstances.
+Duties of Officers, etc.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2 center"><span class="small">BY</span><br>
+CAPTAIN HOWARD PATTERSON,<br>
+<span class="small"><i>Principal of the New York Nautical College,
+Formerly Commander of the New York School Ship “St. Mary’s”,
+Master of Various Sail and Steam Yachts,
+and Admiral of the Haytien Navy.</i></span></p>
+
+<p class="center small">AUTHOR OF<br>
+<cite>The Navigator’s Pocket Book</cite>; <cite>Yachting Under American Statute</cite>; <cite>The
+Illustrated Nautical Encyclopedia</cite>; <cite>The Yachtsman’s Kedge Anchor</cite>;
+<cite>Yacht Sails</cite>; <cite>Hand Book for Masters and Mates</cite>, <i>etc.</i></p>
+
+<p class="p2 center">REVISED EDITION.</p>
+
+<p class="p2 center">NEW YORK AND LONDON;<br>
+<span class="sc small">The Rudder Publishing Company</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2 center">1903</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+<p class="center">COPYRIGHT, 1903,<br>
+<span class="small">BY<br></span>
+<span class="sc large">Captain Howard Patterson</span></p>
+
+<p class="right small p4">
+  <span class="allsmcap" style="margin-right: 1.5em;">PRESS OF</span><br>
+  <span class="sc">Thomson &amp; Co.</span><br>
+  <span class="allsmcap"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em;">9 MURRAY ST.,</span><br>
+  <span style="margin-right: 1em;">NEW YORK.</span></span>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<p class="center">
+TO<br>
+<br>
+<span class="large">HOWARD GOULD,</span> <span class="sc">Esq.</span>,<br>
+(<span class="sc small">New York Yacht Club</span>)<br>
+<br>
+THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY HIS FRIEND,<br><br>
+THE AUTHOR.
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="main-text">
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE">
+    PREFACE
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>It is to be understood that the owner of the yacht is
+styled as “Captain” throughout this treatise, and
+it is eminently proper that this should be, as the
+Government prescribes that the owner of a yacht is
+entitled to take out her custom house and other papers
+as the lawful and legalized “Master” of his vessel.</p>
+
+<p>It being impracticable to follow out naval rules strictly
+in the matter of salutes, courtesies, ceremonies, etc.,
+a modification of the same has been arranged which will
+cover the requirements of yachting and contribute dignity
+to such observances as are called for in the foregoing.</p>
+
+<p>As stated under the head of “Duties and Responsibilities
+of Officers” the rules and regulations laid down
+specially refer to the larger class of steam yachts, but it
+is explained that these laws may be modified to apply to
+smaller classes of pleasure vessels.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTENTS">
+    CONTENTS
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdl sc">Colors in General</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="sc">Special Lights</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="sc">Official Ceremonies and Courtesies</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="sc">Salutes in General</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="sc">Boat Service</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="sc">Government of the Yacht</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="sc">Duties and Responsibilities of Officers</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="sc">Synopsis of U. S. Yachting Laws</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+
+
+  <p class="nobreak center p4 xlarge" id="YACHT_ETIQUETTE">
+    <i>YACHT ETIQUETTE</i>
+  </p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe30" id="rudderstation">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/rudderstation.jpg" alt="large red flag with a black square
+containing a white cross">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>RUDDER STATION FLAG</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+
+<div class="main-text">
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[Pg 11]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="COLORS_IN_GENERAL">
+    COLORS IN GENERAL.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Details Concerning Yacht Flags, and How They
+Are Used.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The pennant is a triangular shaped flag, and is used
+for the club burgee. The swallowtail is used for the
+captain’s (owner’s) private signal. The rectangular flag
+is used principally for flag officers’ distinguishing flags.
+The shape of the bunting will generally signify whether
+the flag is that of the club, of a flag officer or of a captain.
+The bunting used for flag officers’ distinguishing flags is
+colored—blue for commodore, red for vice-commodore,
+and white for rear-commodore.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="burgee">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/burgee.png" alt="triangular pennant">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>CLUB BURGEE</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="private">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/private.png" alt="swallowtail flag">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>PRIVATE SIGNAL</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="commodore">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/commodore.jpg" alt="blue flag with an anchor
+surrounded by stars">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>COMMODORE’S FLAG</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Time to Make Colors—Place to Display Same.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<p>When at anchor or underway, the ensign and colors
+of a yacht in commission should be hoisted at 8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span>
+and kept flying until sunset (local time). This does not
+apply to a flag officer, who should display his official flag
+continuously (day and night) while in commission.
+When at anchor the ensign is hoisted on the flagpole at
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</span>the stern of both steam and sail yachts, and when underway
+it is hoisted to the after gaff-end on sailing vessels;
+but is retained on the pole in the case of steam yachts,
+although it may be hoisted to the gaff-end if desired.
+The burgee should be hoisted to the foretopmast head on
+schooners, and the private signal at the maintopmast. In
+the case of yawls, the ensign may be hoisted to the mizzenmast
+head, both when at anchor and when underway,
+and the burgee may be hoisted to the mainmast head when
+at anchor and the private flag when underway, the same
+as on cutters, sloops and chief officers, or the yawl may be
+considered as a schooner and the bunting displayed as
+for the latter vessel. In the case of a launch the burgee
+should be flown from the bow pole. Flag officers’ signals
+should be flown from the truck of a cutter, sloop or catboat,
+the main truck of a schooner, yawl or steamer, and
+the bow pole of a launch. The church pennant is hoisted
+over the ensign during divine service. (See “<a href="#Colors_to_be_Flown_in_Yachts_Boats">Colors to
+be Flown in Yacht’s Boats</a>.”)</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe30" id="ensign">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/ensign.jpg" alt="flag like the US flag but with
+an anchor surrounded by stars in the blue field">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>YACHT ENSIGN</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="church">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/church.jpg" alt="white pennant with a black cross
+lying along its length">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>CHURCH FLAG</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer Present to Give the Time for Colors
+and Sunset.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The time for making colors and sunset should be
+taken from the senior officer’s yacht present, whether he
+is on board or not, and the only gun fired for colors and
+sunset should be the one on such senior’s yacht.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">At Anchor With Naval Vessel or Off a Naval
+Station.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When a yacht is in company with a vessel of her own
+navy, or at anchor off a naval station, she should regulate
+the time for colors and sunset to such vessel or station.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Visiting Home Waters of Another Yacht Club.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Yachts visiting the home waters of another club (provided
+such waters are other than their own) should take
+their time for colors and sunset from the yacht of the
+senior officer of such club present.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Entering or Leaving Port Before Colors or After
+Sunset.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When a yacht enters port in the morning before colors
+are made, or in the evening after sunset, her ensign,
+club burgee and private signal should be displayed and
+kept flying until the yacht comes to anchor, when they
+should be hauled down—provided there be sufficient light
+for the colors to be recognized.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Night Pennant.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>During the night (between sunset and colors) the
+yacht should fly a night pennant at the maintopmast head,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</span>or in the case of a three-mast vessel, at the mizzenmast
+head—except in the case of flag officers.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Absent Flag.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>During the absence of the captain from the yacht, a
+blue rectangular flag (called Absent Flag) should be
+kept flying from daylight until dark at the starboard main
+spreader of a fore-and-aft vessel, or on the starboard main-yard
+arm of a square-rigged vessel. The private signal
+(or flag officer’s pennant), however, is to be kept flying,
+whether the captain is on board or not.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="absence">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/absence.png" alt="plain blue rectangular flag">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>ABSENCE FLAG</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Single Stickers—Where, When and How to Fly
+Burgee and Private Signal.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Single-masted vessels should not fly the private signal
+on the same halliards as the club burgee. When at anchor
+the club burgee should be displayed, and when
+underway the private signal, except when on the annual
+cruise of the club, when the club burgee should be flown
+both at anchor and underway.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Meal Pennants.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Meal Pennants may be hoisted during hours when
+the colors are not displayed.</p>
+
+<p>During the meal hours of the captain, when the yacht
+is at anchor, a white rectangular flag should be flown at
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</span>the starboard main spreader, and when same is exhibited,
+guests are politely debarred. During the meal hours of
+the crew a red pennant should be flown from the port fore
+spreader, and at such times boat crews should not be
+called away unnecessarily. Of course, on a “single-sticker”
+the white flag and red meal pennant must both
+be flown from the same mast, but they will be exhibited
+on their proper sides. After dark a white light should be
+shown from the starboard main spreader to indicate that
+the captain is at dinner. Meal flags should not be flown
+when the yacht is underway. In a square-rigged yacht
+the captain’s meal pennant should be flown from the starboard
+main yard arm, and the crew’s meal pennant at the
+port fore yard arm. (See <a href="#Dinner_Light">Dinner Light</a>.)</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="ownersmeal">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/ownersmeal.png" alt="plain white rectangular flag">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>OWNER’S
+    MEAL FLAG</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="crewsmeal">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/crewsmeal.png" alt="plain red pennant">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>CREW’S
+    MEAL FLAG</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc"><a id="Colors_to_be_Flown_in_Yachts_Boats"></a>Colors to be Flown in Yacht’s Boats.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The yacht’s gig, launch, etc., when brought to the
+gangway or when away from the yacht, shall display the
+ensign at the stern. While the captain is in the boat, the
+private signal should be displayed at the bow. If a club
+member is in the boat without the captain, a club burgee
+should be displayed at the bow.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Ensign to be Exhibited When Passing Naval Vessels,
+Lighthouses, Military Posts, etc.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The yacht ensign should be exhibited when at sea on
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</span>falling in with naval vessels, or when approaching lightships,
+lighthouses, signal stations and military posts.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Flag Officer’s Pennant.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Flag officers fly a pennant at the main on yachts and
+on the forward flagstaff of gigs, to distinguish their
+rank. These pennants take the place of the yacht’s private
+signal.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Yacht Short-Handed.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>If the yacht is short-handed, two flags may be bent on
+to the same set of halliards, so that while one flag is being
+sent aloft the other may be coming down.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Burgee and Private Signal May be Broken Out.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The club burgee and private signal may be “made up”
+and mast-headed previous to colors, and “broken out”
+when the signal for colors is given, but the ensign should
+never be made up and broken out.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Colors to be Well Hoisted.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Daylight should never show between the head of a
+flag and the truck.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Mastless Yachts.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>On mastless yachts the colors are exhibited on staffs
+placed forward and aft.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">National Mourning.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>On occasions of national mourning the ensign should
+be half-masted, but the burgee and private signal should
+be kept mast-headed, unless the official was a member of
+the club whose flag you are flying, in which case the
+club burgee should be half-masted.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Death of Captain.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In the event of the death of the captain on shore, both
+the club burgee and private signal of his yacht should be
+kept half-masted from colors until sunset on the day of
+his funeral, but the ensign should be kept fully hoisted
+during the same time. If, on the other hand, the death
+should occur on board while the yacht is in port, then the
+ensign also should be half-masted as soon as the body
+leaves the vessel for the shore, and the ensign should be
+kept so flying until sunset of the same day. Should the
+burial of the Captain take place at sea, then the ensign
+of the vessel and the captain’s private signal should be
+displayed at half-mast at the commencement of the ceremony
+and kept flying until its conclusion, when the
+ensign and private signal should be hauled down.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Death of Flag Officer.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>On the occasion of the death of a flag officer while his
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</span>yacht is in port, his pennant should be hauled down at
+sunset on the day of his funeral, and should not be again
+hoisted—the yacht’s private signal taking its place. If
+the funeral takes place at sea, then the pennant should be
+hauled down with the ensign at the conclusion of the ceremonies.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Death of Club Member.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When mourning is ordered for the death of a club
+member, the burgee only is half-masted, and this should
+be observed whether underway or at anchor.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">How to Half-Mast Colors.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The ensign, burgee and private signal (also flag officer’s
+pennant) should always be mast-headed before they
+are half-masted.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Saluting With Ensign at Half-Mast.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Whenever it becomes necessary to salute with the ensign
+while it is flying at half-mast, it must be mast-headed
+before it is dipped, and mast-headed again before it is
+half-masted after the salute.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Hauling Down Half-Mast Colors.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Before hauling down half-masted colors, always mast-head
+them first.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Death of One of the Crew.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In the event of the death of the Sailing-Master, mate,
+or other officer, or one of the crew at sea, the ensign of the
+yacht should be half-masted during the funeral ceremony.
+Should the death of one of the above occur on board while
+the yacht is in port, then the ensign should be half-masted
+from the time that the body leaves the yacht until the
+return of the boat that conveyed the body to the shore.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Permission to Half-Mast Colors to be Obtained.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>No yacht of a fleet other than that of the senior officer
+present should ever half-mast her colors until permission
+to do so has been obtained.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Hours for Half-Masting Colors.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Funeral honors in the way of half-masting colors
+should not be paid before sunrise nor after sunset.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When a boat is engaged in funeral ceremonies in conveying
+a body to the shore, the ensign in the stern should
+be kept half-masted until the body is landed.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Making Colors.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>About five minutes before colors, have the club and
+private signals, night pennant and ensign halliards
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</span>manned, the boat-boom guys tended, and a hand stationed
+at the ship’s bell. As soon as the signal is given for colors,
+call: “Strike eight bells and hoist away!” At this
+instant swing out the boat booms, haul down the night
+pennant, and send aloft the bunting. The flags may be
+sent up in stops before eight bells, and broken out on the
+first stroke of the bell, but the ensign should never be
+broken out, and should be hoisted slowly.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Making Sunset.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>About fifteen minutes before the time given for sunset,
+have the anchor light, gangway light, and signal light or
+lights all ready, the boats either hoisted or dropped astern,
+and the night pennant bent on. About five minutes before
+sunset, station the men at the boom guys, club and private
+signals and ensign halliards, anchor-light whip, gangway
+light, and, if a flagship, the distinguishing lights. If you
+are the flagship you will also have a gunner stationed at
+the offshore gun, and wait, watch in hand (care should be
+observed to have it on correct local time), for the time
+given for sunset. But if you are taking time from another
+vessel, or from the shore, the time need not concern
+you; simply await the sunset signal; then call, “Haul
+down!” At this instant let go the forward boat-boom
+guys and swing the booms in. Observe that the club,
+private signal, and ensign are hauled down (the two
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</span>former preserving the same height to one another until
+they reach the deck) and that the night pennant and anchor
+light go aloft as soon as the order to haul down is
+given. Arrange the gangway lights, and make the bunting
+up neatly and stow it away in the flag locker. If the
+boats are riding astern, give them a short painter to prevent
+them from being run over by vessels coming in to
+anchor, or passing under your stern, and never allow a
+boat to ride astern without a white light in same. If boat
+booms remain swung out, they should have a white light
+at the outboard end.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Day Signals for Pilots.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when displayed
+together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals
+for a pilot, in the day time: 1st, To be hoisted at the
+fore, the Jack or other national color usually worn by
+merchant ships, having round it a white border one-fifth
+of the breadth of the flag; or, 2d, The International Code
+Pilotage Signal, indicated by Flag “S.”.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Night Signals for Pilots.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when used
+or displayed together, or separately, shall be deemed to be
+signals for a pilot, in the nighttime; 1st, The pyrotechnic
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</span>light, commonly known as a blue light, every fifteen minutes;
+or, 2d, a bright white light, flashed or shown at
+short intervals, just above the bulwarks, for about a
+minute at a time.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Signal for Towing-Boat.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The signal for a towing-boat is made by setting the
+ensign in the main rigging a little above the deck.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Dressing Ship.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The prettiest mode of dressing a ship with flags is to
+make an arch of them from the jib-boom end to the foretopmast
+head, thence across to the maintopmast head, and
+down to the main boom end, allowing two or more flags
+to hang down under the jib-boom end and the main boom
+end respectively, with a lead attached to the end of each
+line to keep the flags from flying around. Hoisted to the
+trucks, by the regular signal halliards, should be the
+ensign Jack, or the flags of the nation in whose port the
+ship is lying, or the distinguishing flags of the person
+whom it is desired to honor. The arch of flags should be
+hoisted so as to give the former flags room to display
+themselves. Have blocks at the topmast heads for the
+fore-and-aft strings of arch flags, and hoist the flags to
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</span>them by means of a whip. The flying jib halliards will
+do to hoist the foremost part of the arch (from the jib-boom
+end to the foretopmast head). Care should be
+taken and taste must be exercised in selecting and placing
+the flags, and rectangular flags should alternate with pennants.
+Reeve off the three arch halliards and measure
+the distance in the three clear parts, by marking the halliards
+so that you will know what length of flags to bend
+on, and thus avoid the inconvenience and annoyance of
+sending the string on deck after they have once been
+hoisted, for the purpose of alterations. In addition to
+stopping the flags to the halliards on the head and tack,
+take a couple of stitches to the halliards about midway.
+The Jack should be hoisted on the Jack-staff on the bowsprit.
+In reeving off the halliards for the span between
+the fore and maintopmast heads, let the ends (or hauling
+parts) lead through single blocks and down alongside of
+the fore and main masts, respectively, bending the flags
+on to the bight, and trice up by the two parts, manned
+at the same time that the flags are sent aloft. At sunset
+come up with your outhauls, and the forward and after
+strings of flags will come inboard, and can then be lowered
+away. Just before “colors” send the two mast-head
+ensigns aloft “made up.” When the signal is made,
+hoist away on the arch halliards, and, at the instant the
+flags reach home, “break out” the ensign and the Jack.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</span>Pennants and square flags should be bent on alternately.
+Another mode of dressing ship is by “up-and-down” flags—that
+is, by flying a string of flags from each topmast
+head to the deck. Flag officers’ pennants and burgees
+should not be used in dressing ship, nor should the ensign
+of any foreign nation be displayed, except it is desired
+to compliment such nation, when it should be flown from
+the main truck. When a yacht is dressed all her
+lowered boats should fly the ensign, whether underway
+or riding to the boat booms. On special occasions a
+steam yacht underway, or a sailing yacht being towed,
+may dress ship.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowe15" id="jack">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/jack.png" alt="A rectangular blue flag with 50 stars—like the blue field of the ordinary US flag">
+  <figcaption>
+      <p>UNION JACK</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Commodore of a Club on a Cruise with Another
+Club in Which He Is a Member.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In such an event the Commodore should not fly his
+rank flag, but should fly the club flag of the cruising
+club, and should also fly his private signal, so as not
+to exhibit evidence of his flag rank in any way. In
+other words, he should act simply as a Captain during
+the cruise, or while he remains with the squadron. When
+at anchor with the squadron at night, he should display
+only the Captain’s light, the same as the other Captains,
+and never, under any circumstances, show Commodore’s
+lights.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Flag Officer of a Club Entering Harbor of Another
+Club in Which He Is a Member.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In this case circumstances govern. Should the Commodore
+enter said harbor, either alone or while on a
+cruise with his squadron, he should fly his Commodore’s
+pennant and club flag; but if he is cruising independently,
+after relegating his command to his junior, and is at
+anchor in the harbor of a yacht club to which he belongs,
+then, if he elects to fly the latter’s club flag, he should
+do so together with his private signal; but he should not
+fly his Commodore’s pennant with a club flag other than
+that of which he is Commodore.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Use of Commodore’s Private Signal.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Commodore’s private signal should be used only
+on such occasions as he does not fly his Commodore’s
+pennant—cruising with another club in which he is a
+member, etc.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Pennant Night and Day.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Commodore’s flag shall not be hauled down at
+sunset, but shall be flown day and night. Should it be
+desired to substitute an old pennant for service during
+the night, then send aloft the old pennant made up, and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</span>break it out before commencing to lower the other. Of
+course, this requires two sets of halliards, which should
+always be rove on a flagship.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">The Jack—When Displayed.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Jack should be set on Sundays, also on all occasions
+of ceremony, the same being flown from a staff
+on the bowsprit. Wash clothes should not be hung up
+when the Jack is exhibited.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="SPECIAL_LIGHTS">
+    SPECIAL LIGHTS.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Lights.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Between sunset and colors, when in harbor, the Commodore
+shows two blue lights in globular lanterns suspended
+perpendicularly at the after gaff-end, or on the
+flagpole at the stern.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Vice-Commodore’s Lights.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Vice-Commodore shows the same number of
+lights as the Commodore, and in the same place, but the
+color is red.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Rear-Commodore’s Lights.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Rear-Commodore also shows the same number
+of lights and in the same place as prescribed for the Commodore,
+but the color is white.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Absent Light.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>At night a blue lantern should be substituted for the
+blue absent flag, and hoisted at the starboard main
+spreader or yard arm.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc"><a id="Dinner_Light"></a>Dinner Light.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>A white light hung at the starboard main spreader or
+yardarm after sunset has the same significance as the
+white meal pennant.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">White Lanterns Under the Boom.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>These are used for illuminating the after deck and
+have no official significance.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="OFFICIAL_CEREMONIES_AND_COURTESIES">
+    OFFICIAL CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Quarter-Deck to be Saluted.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The quarter-deck should always be saluted by officers
+and men, by touching or raising the cap, upon coming
+over the gangway when boarding or leaving their own
+or another yacht, or a naval vessel.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Yacht Joining a Squadron Must Report.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When joining a squadron, a yacht must report to the
+commanding officer of the squadron, by the owner of said
+yacht visiting in person the flag officer in charge, and a
+yacht should never part company with the squadron without
+receiving permission so to do.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer to Return Salutes and Visits.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The senior officer present is in command of all the
+yachts at the anchorage that are flying the burgee of the
+club he represents, and it is his duty to make and return
+salutes and visits.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer to Tender Civilities to Visiting
+Yacht—Captain of Visiting Yacht to Pay
+Respects in Person.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When a yacht visits the home waters of another club,
+and after salutes have been exchanged, the senior officer
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</span>present representing such home club should send to the
+visiting yacht a tender of the civilities of the club, after
+which the Captain of the visiting yacht should pay his
+respects in person to the commanding officer of the
+anchorage.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of the President of the United States.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The President of the United States should be received
+at the gangway of the yacht by the commanding officer
+of such, and should be piped over the side by the boatswain—the
+crew being drawn up in line on the port side
+of the deck. As the President reaches the deck, the President’s
+flag should be broken out at the main-topmast-head,
+and one gun fired from the yacht in salute to same,
+while the Captain, officers and crew should raise their
+caps in salute. When the President leaves, the crew
+should be stationed as before, and the Captain should
+escort the President to the gangway, where the Boatswain
+should be stationed as before, to blow the pipe and raise
+his cap, together with the crew, as the President reaches
+the rail. One gun should be fired and the President’s
+flag hauled down as soon as the boat conveying the President
+shoves off from the yacht’s side. Provided the
+President embarks in one of the yacht’s boats, his flag
+should be carried on the flagpole in the bows of the boat,
+while the President is in it, and the yacht’s ensign should
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</span>be carried at the stern, as usual. The Sailing-Master of
+the yacht should be detailed to take charge of the yacht’s
+boat that carries the President. The Captain’s gig should
+always be the boat employed in transporting guests whom
+it is desired to specially honor.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of the Vice-President of the United
+States.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Vice-President of the United States should receive
+the same honors as prescribed for the President,
+except that the national flag should be substituted for the
+President’s flag and only one salute fired, which should
+take place when the Vice-President leaves. A small
+national flag should be carried on the flagstaff in the
+bows of the yacht’s boat while conveying the Vice-President.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of the Secretary of the Navy.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Secretary of the Navy of the United States should
+receive the same honors as prescribed for the Vice-President,
+substituting the distinguishing flag of the Secretary.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of Other Cabinet Officers.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Other Cabinet officers should receive the same honors
+as prescribed for the Secretary of the Navy, except that
+there is no distinguishing or special bunting to be used.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of the Governor of a State.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Governor of a State should be received with the
+same honors as prescribed for the Vice-President, except
+that the flag of his State should be substituted, both at
+the main-topmast-head and in the bows of the yacht’s
+boats.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of a Foreign Sovereign.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>A foreign sovereign or the chief magistrate of any
+foreign country should be received on board with the
+same honors as prescribed for the President of the United
+States, except that the flag of his country should be substituted.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of a Member of a Royal Family.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>A member of a royal family should receive the same
+honors as prescribed for their sovereign, except that only
+one salute be fired, which should take place at the time
+the honored guest leaves the yacht.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of Naval and Army Officers.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>A naval or army officer should be received at the
+gangway of the yacht by the Captain, and should be
+piped over the side by the Boatswain, who should stand
+alongside the gangway and keep his cap lifted while blowing
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</span>his pipe. Upon leaving, the Captain should escort
+his guest to the gangway and should observe that the
+Boatswain is stationed as before to wind his call as the
+officer goes over the yacht’s side. If the naval or army
+officer is of the rank of Commodore or Lieutenant-Colonel,
+or higher, a gun may be fired after the boat containing the
+guest has shoved off from the yacht’s side. Provided
+the yacht’s boat is used by the guest, one of the yacht’s
+deck officers should be sent in charge of same.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of Members of the Diplomatic Corps.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Members of the Diplomatic Corps of the rank of
+Minister should be given the same honors as prescribed
+for Cabinet officers, and if below the rank of Minister,
+they should be given the same honors as prescribed for
+naval and army officers.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of Other Officials.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Other high officials not mentioned in the foregoing
+may have such honors accorded them in visiting the
+yachts as may be consistent with the rules laid down.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Reception of Flag Officers.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Refer to “<a href="#SALUTES_IN_GENERAL">Salutes in General</a>,” next chapter.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Ceremony of Putting a Yacht in Commission.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The ceremony of putting a yacht in commission is
+exceedingly simple. As a rule, this takes place as soon
+as the yacht is in proper sailing trim—that is, when the
+bright woodwork, etc., is scraped and varnished, standing
+rigging set up, running rigging rove off, decks cleaned,
+sails bent, etc. The officers and men appear on deck, in
+uniform, and the club burgee and the Captain’s private signal
+are “made up” and hoisted to their respective trucks;
+then the Captain (the Sailing-Master may be authorized to
+act in the former’s place) addresses the Sailing-Master:
+“Mr. ——, I declare the yacht ‘——’ in commission.”
+When this is said, the Sailing-Master orders the burgee
+and private signal to be “broken out” and the yacht
+ensign hoisted—this consummates the putting of the yacht
+in commission.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Ceremony of Putting the Yacht Out of Commission.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The ceremony of going out of commission consists
+simply of the following: Before the unbending of sail
+or the dismantling of the yacht in any way, the crew
+appear on deck in uniform, and the club burgee, private
+signal and ensign halliards are manned. The owner addresses
+the Sailing-Master: “Mr. ——, I declare the
+yacht ‘——’ out of commission.” Upon this the Sailing-Master
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</span>orders a gun to be fired and the burgee, private
+signal and ensign lowered. The dismantling of the yacht
+may then commence.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Duties in Regard to the Ceremony of
+Putting the Club in Commission, and Opening
+the Clubhouse for the Season.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>After the date of the opening day of the Clubhouse
+has been fixed upon by the Commodore and House Committee
+(which usually occurs between the 1st and 15th
+of May, and in some instances later), the Secretary, at
+the request of the Commodore, or according to the regulations
+of the club, notifies all members, at least ten days
+in advance, by mail, that the club will open on this certain
+day and date, and the time selected is usually 12.00 noon.</p>
+
+<p>After the arrival of the members, the Commodore calls
+them to order in the Clubhouse, and in his own words
+tells them of his pleasure in seeing them, and impresses
+upon each officer, committee, and the members in general
+the importance of observing the laws and regulations of
+the club, and expresses his wishes for the success of the
+club for the coming season. The Commodore then advises
+that all assemble in front of the Clubhouse around
+the flagpole, or on the veranda, for the purpose of putting
+the club in commission. While the Commodore has been
+addressing the members, the employees of the club have
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</span>bent all flags to their halliards and loaded the cannon.
+One man is stationed at each signal halliard and one at
+the cannon, standing by. The Commodore proceeds a
+little in advance of members and guests, and at a signal
+from him (usually a waving of the hand, previously
+agreed upon) the gun is fired, the signals run up, and at
+the same time the Commodore announces: “I declare the
+—— Yacht Club in commission.” All the yachts in the
+harbor should have dressed ship in advance, and should
+salute the club by firing a gun as quickly as possible after
+the gun of the Clubhouse has been fired.</p>
+
+<p>This concludes the act of putting the club in commission.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Commodore’s Duties During the Period that the
+Yacht Club Is in Commission.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>While the club is in commission the Commodore
+should deem it incumbent upon him to be watchful concerning
+the general management of the club; to observe
+that the various officers are alive to their duties; that
+the rules and regulations are enforced and obeyed, and
+that harmony prevails.</p>
+
+<p>The Commodore should preside at all general meetings
+of the club at the Clubhouse; but in the event of his
+anticipated absence he should delegate the Vice-Commodore
+to preside, who, in turn, will notify the Rear-Commodore
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</span>should he find himself unable to attend. In the
+absence of the three Commodores, the Fleet Captain will
+preside, and in case of the latter’s absence the Senior
+Captain present will take the chair, call the meeting to
+order and transact the business of same.</p>
+
+<p>In all cases of dispute in club matters, the Commodore
+and Board of Trustees should be the arbitrators.</p>
+
+<p>Before the season arrives for the commissioning of
+the club, the Commodore should name his Fleet Captain,
+Fleet Surgeon and Chaplain, etc.—in fact, the sooner he
+names the same after his election as Commodore the
+better.</p>
+
+<p>In the selection of his Fleet Captain the Commodore
+should be careful to appoint a gentleman of experience in
+yachting, as such a one will prove invaluable to the chief
+Flag Officer, taking a great amount of responsibility and
+care and detail away from the latter.</p>
+
+<p>In case the Fleet Captain has no yacht of his own,
+the Commodore’s yacht should be open to him on all possible
+occasions, as a matter of courtesy, and on a cruise
+of the club, whether the Fleet Captain possesses a yacht
+or not, his place is on the flagship, in constant official
+attendance upon the Commodore, and in supervision of
+the fleet from the flagship’s bridge or quarter-deck.</p>
+
+<p>The Fleet Captain should, under the authority of the
+Commodore, direct all the movements of the fleet when
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</span>on the annual, or any special cruise, and the crew of the
+flagship should be notified by the Commodore to execute
+the orders of the Fleet Captain upon such occasions.</p>
+
+<p>Should the Commodore decide to be absent from the
+club station for several days, he should notify the Vice-Commodore,
+so that during such absence the latter might
+assume the duties of Commodore should some special
+occurrence be experienced.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">The Commodore’s Duties When the Club Is Going
+Out of Commission.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><a id="When_the_date_of_going_out_of_commission_is_fixed"></a>When the date of going out of commission is fixed,
+all the members, at the request of the Commodore, are
+notified, through the Secretary, by mail, to attend this
+special meeting, in order to put the club out of commission.
+In some instances the Secretary, Treasurer and
+various committees submit their reports at this meeting,
+other times, again, the reports are not submitted until
+some time later in the autumn or winter. After all the
+business of this stated meeting has been transacted, the
+Commodore thanks each and all for the great aid he has
+received from them all, also mentioning about the success
+of the club for the past season. He then proposes that
+they proceed to put the club out of commission. The
+signal halliards and cannon have been manned, and at a
+given signal from the Commodore the gun is fired, flags
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</span>are hauled down, and the Commodore at the same time
+says: “I now declare the —— Yacht Club out of commission.”
+If there are yachts at anchor off the Clubhouse
+they should salute the club by firing their guns.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Note.</span>—It is customary on the occasion of the yacht
+club going out of commission to have a banquet for members
+and guests.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Honors to the Captain when Embarking and Disembarking.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When the Captain is seen coming off to the yacht, it
+should so be reported to the Sailing-Master (provided he
+is on board, and, in his absence, to the Mate), who will
+at once station one of the Quarter-Masters, or one of the
+crew, at the “absent flag” halliards, and the Boatswain at
+the gangway, to blow a pipe as the Captain comes over
+the side, and, as the gig comes alongside the gangway,
+the Sailing-Master will face the side, and as the Captain
+steps over the rail, the Sailing-Master and Boatswain will
+salute by touching the cap visor, and the absent flag will
+be hauled down. The gig will remain alongside for
+orders. The Sailing-Master, after ascertaining the Captain’s
+wishes in regard to the gig, will either order it
+hoisted or hauled out to the boom. When intending to
+leave the ship, the Captain should send word to that effect
+to the Sailing-Master (or to the Mate, in the absence of
+the former), who will see that the gig is dropped down
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</span>to the starboard gangway and properly manned, when
+it will then be reported as ready to the Captain. The
+Sailing-Master and Boatswain will then take their stations
+at the gangway, having a hand stationed at the absent
+flag halliards; and as the Captain passes them to enter
+the boat, the Boatswain will wind his call and touch his
+cap, and the Captain shall receive and return the Sailing-Master’s
+salute. The absent flag will be broken out as the
+boat shoves off. On entering or leaving the gig the Captain
+should be saluted by the Coxswain only.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Duties of the Fleet Captain.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Fleet Captain is appointed by the Commodore as
+his executive officer, and retains his position at the pleasure
+of the Commodore. His appointment is based upon
+his practical yachting experience, that he may be enabled
+to transact all official business in connection with the
+fleet; to decide questions of etiquette, and to relieve the
+Commodore of the details of squadron evolution. Orders
+of the Commodore, or Acting Commodore, should be
+issued through the Fleet Captain, and endorsed by the
+latter; but only when the order bears the autograph signature
+of the Fleet Captain should the word “official” be
+used. The Fleet Captain’s flag should be carried on the
+forward staff of any launch or boat that he may be in
+charge of.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="SALUTES_IN_GENERAL">
+    SALUTES IN GENERAL.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Guns Between Sunset and Colors.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Guns fired between sunset and colors are considered
+signals of distress.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Guns on Sunday.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Guns should not be fired on Sunday, either in the
+way of a salute or when getting underway or when
+coming to anchor.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Colors and Sunset Gun To Be Fired by Senior
+Officer’s Yacht.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When in company with one or more yachts of the
+same club, the gun fired to make colors or sunset should
+be that of the yacht of the senior officer of such club present,
+whether he is on board his vessel or not.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Yachts to Salute Naval Vessels.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>All yachts should salute naval vessels of their own
+or any other friendly country, by dipping the ensign. It
+is customary for yachts to salute a naval vessel by dipping
+the ensign once.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Dipping the Ensign.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In no case is the ensign to be dipped more than once
+in one salute.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Yachts Passing to Salute.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Yachts passing should salute each other by dipping
+the ensign once—the junior saluting first.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Yachts Meeting at Sea to Salute.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In meeting at sea yachts should salute each other, and
+this salute should consist of simply dipping the ensign
+once.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Steam Whistles Not to Be Used in Saluting.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Steam whistles and sirens should not be employed in
+making or exchanging salutes between steam yachts or
+launches.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">To Salute Upon Entering Harbor.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Upon entering harbor, Captains should salute the commanding
+officer of the anchorage by firing one gun or by
+dipping the ensign once at the time the anchor is dropped.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Salute to a Yacht Entering Harbor.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The salute to be made to a yacht entering port and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</span>entitled to a salute consists of dipping the ensign once,
+or the firing of a gun when the arriving yacht drops her
+anchor.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Special Salute to Commodore Entering Harbor.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>On the occasion of the Commodore entering harbor
+to assume personal command of his squadron, he should
+be saluted on coming to anchor (and not before) by each
+yacht of the squadron. This salute should consist of the
+firing of one gun from each yacht, or by the dipping once
+of the ensign. This salute should be acknowledged by the
+firing of one gun by the flagship.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Ordinary Salute to Commodore Entering Harbor.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>On ordinary occasions, when the Commodore’s yacht
+enters harbor his flag should only be saluted with one
+gun from the yacht of the senior officer of such club
+present, or by the dipping of the ensign once from such
+senior’s yacht, and this salute should be acknowledged in
+kind by the Commodore.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Junior Officer’s Yacht Entering Harbor.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When a junior flag officer’s yacht enters harbor, his
+flag should be saluted when his yacht comes to anchor
+by one gun, or by the single dipping of the ensign, from
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</span>the yacht of the senior officer present, provided the latter
+is inferior in rank to the arriving flag officer; otherwise
+the arriving officer will salute the flag of the officer in
+command of the anchorage with one gun or by the single
+dipping of the ensign when his yacht drops anchor.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Senior Officer Leaving Harbor.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>A senior officer leaving harbor should indicate that
+he has transferred his command to the officer next below
+him in rank, by firing a gun or by dipping his ensign
+once upon getting under way.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Flag Officer Making Official Visit.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When a flag officer makes an official visit between
+colors and sunset, his flag should be run up to the fore-topmast-head
+of the yacht visited and broken out as
+soon as he boards the same. Upon leaving, one gun
+should be fired and his flag hauled down after he has
+entered the boat alongside and it has been shoved off from
+the yacht.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Official Salute to Another Club.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>An official salute to another club should be made by
+hoisting the burgee of such club to the fore-topmast-head
+and firing one gun. After the salute has been returned,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</span>or a reasonable time for the return of such allowed, the
+burgee should be hauled down and the yacht’s own
+burgee hoisted. In the absence of the burgee of the
+club that is being saluted the yacht’s own burgee may
+be half-masted while the salute is given.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Postponed Salutes.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Salutes postponed on account of Sunday, or owing to
+the arrival of a yacht after sunset, should be made immediately
+after colors on the following morning.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Judges’ Yacht Not to Be Saluted.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>During a race a yacht acting as Judge’s boat should
+not be saluted.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Salutes Between Squadrons of Different Clubs.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>When squadrons of different clubs meet, whether in
+harbor or at sea, salutes should be exchanged only by
+the commanding officers of such squadrons.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Salutes Between Single Yacht and Squadron.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Salutes from single yachts to a squadron should be
+answered only by the commanding officer of the squadron.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">When Firing Guns and Making Signals Are Prohibited.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Firing guns and making signals when under way
+with a squadron should be carefully avoided, except in
+the line of duty. That is, no private or personal signalling
+should go on between yachts, as the same might easily be
+considered as levity and as lacking in respect to the
+commanding officer of the squadron.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Boat Salutes.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Salutes to be made between boats will be found under
+the head of “Boat Service.”</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Salute to the Quarter-Deck.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Upon boarding or leaving a yacht, the quarter-deck
+should be saluted by touching the cap.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="BOAT_SERVICE">
+    BOAT SERVICE.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Particulars Concerning Boats.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Boats used on board yachts are known as gigs, cutters,
+life-boats, and dingeys.</p>
+
+<p>Boats are built in three different ways, namely: The
+<em>carval-built</em>, the planks fore and aft, the edges meeting
+but not overlapping. The <em>clinker-built</em>, the planks fore
+and aft, the edges overlapping. The <em>diagonal-built</em>, the
+planking running diagonally, the inside planks running in
+a contrary direction to the outside planks, their edges
+meeting.</p>
+
+<p>Boats are called <em>single</em> or <em>double-banked</em>, according
+as they have one or two rowers to a thwart.</p>
+
+<p><em>Thwarts</em> are the seats on which the crew sit; the space
+abaft the after thwart is called the <em>stern-sheets</em>.</p>
+
+<p>The spaces for the oars in the wash streak of boats
+are called <em>rowlocks</em>.</p>
+
+<p>Oars are made of ash or spruce; that part of the oar
+which is dipped in the water is called the <em>blade</em>; the round
+part which is inboard, the <em>loom</em>; the extremity of the
+loom, which is grasped by the rower’s hand, the <em>handle</em>.</p>
+
+<p>Oars are called <em>double-banked</em> when two men pull
+one oar.</p>
+
+<p><em>Feathering</em> is known as turning the blades nearly flat
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</span>to the water after the stroke, with the upper edge turned
+forward.</p>
+
+<p><em>Boat-falls</em> are purchases made with two blocks and
+a length of rope, used for hoisting a boat to the davits.</p>
+
+<p>The <em>painter</em> is a length of line made fast into a ring-bolt
+in the stem of boats, used for making the boat fast,
+to tow by, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The <em>gunwale</em> of a boat is the upper rail.</p>
+
+<p>The <em>yoke</em> is a piece of wood or metal fitted across
+the head of a boat’s rudder.</p>
+
+<p><em>Yoke lines</em> are pieces of rope made fast to the yoke
+by which the rudder is turned and the boat steered.</p>
+
+<p><em>Boat-davits</em> are pieces of timber or iron projecting
+over a vessel’s sides or stern to hoist boats up to.</p>
+
+<p><em>A plug</em> is the wooden stopper fitted into a hole in the
+bottom of the boat to let in or keep out water.</p>
+
+<p><em>Flooring</em> is the bottom boards of the boat.</p>
+
+<p><em>Boat booms</em> are the booms on either side of a vessel
+to which the boats ride when the ship is at anchor.</p>
+
+<p><em>A boat-breaker</em> is a small keg used for carrying fresh
+water.</p>
+
+<p><em>A boat-recall</em> is an understood signal made from the
+ship to summon a boat to return.</p>
+
+<p><em>Gripes</em> are long strips of canvas leading from the
+davit ends, and passing under a boat to secure it. <a id="Theyare_set_taut_by_lanyards"></a>They
+are set taut by lanyards.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</span></p>
+
+<p><em>Boat-fenders</em> are small shapes of canvas or leather
+stuffed and hung over a boat’s side to prevent it from
+being chafed and from chafing the sides of the yacht.</p>
+
+<p><em>Back Board</em> is a board in the stern of the boat on
+which is often printed the name of the yacht to which
+she belongs.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Boat Ceremony and Discipline.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The lading of the gig should be arranged so that
+juniors in rank and in official importance should enter
+the boat first, and the one highest in rank and importance
+should immediately precede the Captain, who should
+always be the last to enter the boat and the first to disembark.
+The disembarking should take place in the
+reverse order to the embarking, so that the junior in
+rank should be the last to leave the boat.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Boat Orders.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In the following the gig is supposed to be manned,
+and lying alongside the gangway.</p>
+
+<p>After the gig is reported ready to the Captain, he will
+direct his guests to enter the boat, and after they are all
+seated he will receive and return the Sailing-Master’s
+salute, then take his place in the gig—care having been
+observed to leave the stern-sheets clear for him, and the
+yoke lines ready to hand.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain will observe that his private signal is
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</span>stepped in the bows, that the seating of his guests does
+not interfere with the stroke oarsman, and will then call:</p>
+
+<p>“<span class="sc">Shove off Forward!</span>”</p>
+
+<p>When this order is given, the man in the bows shoves
+the boat’s head away from the ship’s side, stows his boat-hook,
+and lays his hands on his oar.</p>
+
+<p>The next order is: “<span class="sc">Up Oars!</span>” “<span class="sc">Oars Apeak</span>”
+is sometimes wrongfully employed.</p>
+
+<p>The crew will simultaneously seize and raise their
+proper oars briskly to the vertical (keeping their eyes on
+the stroke oarsman), and hold them thus directly in front
+of them, the blades being fore-and-aft, the ends of the
+oars held clear of the boat’s bottom; the oarsmen sitting
+on the port side of the boat holding the oars with right
+hands down, and those sitting on the starboard side holding
+the oars with left hands down. The oarsmen sitting
+on the port side of the boat pull the starboard oars, and
+the oarsmen sitting on the starboard side of the boat pull
+the port oars.</p>
+
+<p>The next command is: “<span class="sc">Let Fall!</span>”</p>
+
+<p>The oars must be dropped into the rowlocks together,
+care being taken to prevent the blades from striking the
+water—blades flat to the water and leveled.</p>
+
+<p>Next give the order: “<span class="sc">Give Way!</span>”</p>
+
+<p>The boat is now underway, the crew taking the style
+of pulling from the stroke oarsman.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</span></p>
+
+<p>In running alongside of a vessel or float-stage, give
+the boat sufficient impetus to “reach”; then call, while the
+blades are in the water: “<span class="sc">Way Enough!</span>”</p>
+
+<p>The men will finish the stroke and then raise their
+oars simultaneously to a vertical position, and lay them
+with as little noise as possible amidships in the boat in
+a line with the keel, the blades pointing forward. The
+stroke and bow oarsmen seize their boat-hooks, and as the
+boat runs alongside they stop its way and hold it.</p>
+
+<p>With four or more oared boat, just before the order
+“<span class="sc">Way Enough</span>” is given, the order “<span class="sc">In Bow</span>” should be
+given to allow the man forward to get in his oar and
+take his boat-hook in hand ready to fend off when the
+boat comes alongside the landing.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Boat Salutes.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Flag officers should display their pennants in the bows
+of boats when underway, Captains their private signals,
+and members the club burgee.</p>
+
+<p>Salutes shall only be made to boats displaying flags
+as above.</p>
+
+<p>Junior flag officers, captains, and members in command
+of boats should lie on their oars to the Commodore’s
+boat in passing, and at the same time should raise their
+caps in salute.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</span></p>
+
+<p>Sailing-Masters, under-officers and coxswains should
+order their crews to lie on their oars to boats passing that
+display flag officers’ pennants, and the one in charge of the
+boat should raise his cap in salute.</p>
+
+<p>Seniors in rank acknowledge salutes by simply raising
+the cap, and do not cease rowing.</p>
+
+<p>Captains and junior flag officers passing should salute
+each other by raising the cap—the junior saluting first—but
+the crews will not lie on their oars.</p>
+
+<p>The salutes from all boats under sail, being towed, or
+laden, should be made by the one in charge raising his
+cap, and the way of such boats should not be checked.</p>
+
+<p>When approaching your own or another yacht for
+the purpose of going alongside, on being hailed, answer
+by giving the name of your yacht, if a Captain, but if
+a Commodore, the reply should be “Flag.”</p>
+
+<p>If it is desired to cease rowing temporarily, give the
+order: “<span class="sc">Oars!</span>” The crew will then lift the blades of
+their oars from the water, holding the blades horizontally,
+and at right angles to the keel.</p>
+
+<p>When it is desired to continue rowing, simply call:
+“<span class="sc">Give Way!</span>”</p>
+
+<p>When rowing, if passing so close to another boat that
+a collision of oars seems probable, call: “<span class="sc">Trail!</span>” The
+men will keep their oars in the rowlocks, but permit the
+blades to trail aft and alongside. When the danger is
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</span>past, call: “<span class="sc">Oars!</span>”—this brings the crew to attention,
+with the oars in position to receive the order: “<span class="sc">Give
+Way!</span>”</p>
+
+<p>Never allow a boat’s crew to splash the water with
+the blades of their oars when the order to “<span class="sc">Let Fall</span>”
+is executed.</p>
+
+<p>Talking among a boat’s crew, or turning the head
+to observe any object, while the boat is underway, should
+never be allowed.</p>
+
+<p>The starboard after oar is called the “stroke oar,” and
+gives the stroke, the remainder of the crew taking the
+style from it; consequently it should be manned by the
+best man in the boat—the coxswain of a gig pulls the
+stroke oar when the Captain is in the boat.</p>
+
+<p>In rowing, the blade of each oar should be lifted
+as high as the gunwale after it leaves the water, then
+feathered by dropping the wrist. A short pause should
+then be made, and the oar next thrown well forward, and
+dropped edgewise into the water, taking care to avoid
+splashing. Now, rip the oar through the water with a
+hearty swing, and then repeat as above.</p>
+
+<p>If it is required to turn a boat suddenly, or short round
+to starboard, then give the order to “<span class="sc">Give Way Port;
+Back Starboard</span>.” If it is required to turn short to
+port, then “<span class="sc">Give Way Starboard; Back Port</span>.” When
+the boat is pointed aright, then, “<span class="sc">Give Way Together!</span>”</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</span></p>
+
+<p>In backing, as in pulling, the crew should always
+keep stroke with the after oar of their respective sides.</p>
+
+<p>Never send a boat away from a ship at night without
+being provided with a lantern, as many a boat has been
+run down through inability to make its presence known.</p>
+
+<p>Remember, in running alongside a ship or landing,
+that the deeper the boat is freighted, the longer she will
+carry her way in the water.</p>
+
+<p>In leaving a ship in foggy weather, provide the boat
+with a fog-horn and compass, and judge as nearly as
+possible the bearing of the landing you wish to make.
+Take the opposite of this bearing to return to the ship,
+making in both cases due allowance for tide.</p>
+
+<p>The boats should always be kept in perfect condition,
+and, unless the crew are required to shift themselves, not
+more than three minutes should elapse between the time
+the boat is called away and its arrival at the gangway,
+manned and ready.</p>
+
+<p>Never send away a gig’s crew unless they are dressed
+alike, and look “spick and span”; hat ribbons should
+always be worn by a boat’s crew, unless racing hoods
+are used.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing shows the good discipline of a yacht more
+than efficient boat service; and it is worthy of all pains
+and consideration.</p>
+
+<p>The ranking officer should always be the last to enter
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</span>a boat, and the first to leave it. He will, also, command
+the boat.</p>
+
+<p>To ride out a gale of wind in an open boat, lash the
+oars and bottom boards together and weight them if possible.
+Span them with the boat’s painter and pitch
+them overboard. This will keep the boat head to the
+sea and prevent it from drifting fast.</p>
+
+<p>Assist the boat to keep head to the sea by the use
+of a steering oar.</p>
+
+<p>When crossing the bar of a river, if the water is
+much troubled, a steering oar should be used and the
+rudder unshipped.</p>
+
+<p>In the case of a boat being unable to pull up to the
+ship against a strong wind or tide, veer a line out from
+the ship with the end made fast to a buoy or any floating
+material sufficient to sustain the bight, and when this
+reaches the boat the crew can make the end of the line
+fast to the ring in the stem, and the boat can then be
+hauled up. Another way is to drop a boat astern with
+a line secured to its painter and then haul them both
+up together.</p>
+
+<p>When two boats are approaching the same gangway,
+or landing stage, the junior officer in rank should always
+give way to the senior.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="GOVERNMENT_OF_THE_YACHT">
+    GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Ship’s Bells.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The manner of telling the time on board ship is by
+striking the bell. Eight bells indicate midnight, 4 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span>,
+8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span>, noon, 4 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span>, and 8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> Thus it will be seen that
+every even four hours after midnight brings 8 bells
+around. After midnight the first bell struck is 1, which
+stands for half-past twelve; one o’clock is represented by
+2 bells, half-past one, by 3 bells; two o’clock by 4 bells;
+half-past two, by 5 bells; three o’clock, by 6 bells; half-past
+three, by 7 bells; and four o’clock, by 8 bells.</p>
+
+<p>At half-past four 1 bell is struck, and so on, in the
+above order, until eight o’clock is made known by 8 bells
+again.</p>
+
+<p>The time should always be taken from the flagship,
+or the senior officer’s yacht present.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="TABLE">
+  TABLE:
+</h3>
+
+<table class="bells">
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="2" class="tdl">Midnight</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">8</td>
+    <td class="tdl">bells.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">12.30</td>
+    <td class="tdl allsmcap">A. M.</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">1</td>
+    <td class="tdl">bell.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">1.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">2</td>
+    <td class="tdl">bells.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">1.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">2.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">2.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">3.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">3.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">4.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">8</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">4.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">1</td>
+    <td class="tdl">bell.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">5.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">2</td>
+    <td class="tdl">bells.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">5.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">6.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">6.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">7.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">7.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">8.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">8</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">8.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">1</td>
+    <td class="tdl">bell.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">9.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">2</td>
+    <td class="tdl">bells.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">9.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">10.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">10.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">11.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">11.30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">12.00</td>
+    <td class="tdc">noon</td>
+    <td class="tdr hour">8</td>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">The Boatswain’s Call.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>On vessels where a good-sized crew is carried, the
+“Boatswain’s Call” should be largely employed.</p>
+
+<p>The following should always be “piped”:</p>
+
+<p>The call to meals; the order to heave round; to order
+away boats; the order to haul; the order to belay; the
+order to man the side; the order to make colors; the order
+to make sunset; to call all hands; the call to muster; to
+pipe down.</p>
+
+<p>It is impossible to explain on paper the regular man-o’-wars-man’s
+“pipe” for the different orders, nor is it
+necessary that their style should be followed out strictly
+on yachts—any understood combination between the
+boatswain (or mate) and the crew will answer all the
+purposes for which the “call” is intended.</p>
+
+<p>The following is offered:</p>
+
+<p><em>The Call of Attention</em>: A long straight pipe. This
+is used as a preface to the verbal call of all hands on
+deck or to muster.</p>
+
+<p><em>To Call Away a Boat</em>: A long straight pipe, followed
+by the verbal order: “<span class="sc">Away Gig!</span>” (or dingey or
+cutter, as the case may be).</p>
+
+<p><em>The Call to Meals</em>: Three long, rolling pipes.</p>
+
+<p><em>To Heave Round, or to Pull</em>: Several moderately
+short, straight pipes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</span></p>
+
+<p><em>To Belay</em>: Two short, quick chirps, followed by a
+moderately short, rolling pipe.</p>
+
+<p><em>To Pipe the Side</em>: A prolonged straight pipe. (The
+Boatswain stands facing the gangway, his “call” held to
+his mouth with his left hand, while his right hand is
+raised to his cap in salute.) This pipe should be made
+to the Captain, when coming on board or when leaving
+the yacht. It should also be made to all other yacht commanders,
+dignitaries, and officers of the army and navy.</p>
+
+<p><em>To Make “Colors” or “Sunset”</em>: Two short, quick
+chirps, followed by a long, rolling pipe.</p>
+
+<p><em>To Pipe Down</em>: One long, straight, followed by a
+long, rolling pipe.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc"><a id="Yacht_Routine"></a>Yacht Routine.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>As soon as a yacht is put in commission, the organization
+of the officers and crew should be considered, so that
+everything may work smoothly and harmoniously, to the
+satisfaction and peace of the Captain and the manifest
+benefit of all concerned. The Sailing-Master should be
+held responsible for this, and, in perfecting the details,
+of course, he must be guided by the number of his crew.</p>
+
+<p>If, in washing down, cleaning bright work, etc., each
+man is given a certain station and allotted a particular
+piece of work, it will be found that matters will be greatly
+expedited, and the individual tasks will be performed
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</span>better, for the reason that the man is held accountable
+for the appearance of his own part of the ship.</p>
+
+<p>Silence is one of the best evidences of discipline, and
+the officers should set the example to the crew. When it
+is necessary to issue an order let it be done in a quiet tone
+and avoid calling along the deck as much as possible.
+The latter suggests the “coaster” and establishes a bad
+precedent.</p>
+
+<p>When in port the quartermaster or the last anchor
+watch should turn out the cook one hour before “all
+hands,” so that morning coffee may be ready when the
+general call is made.</p>
+
+<p>Allow but twenty minutes between “turn out” and
+“turn to.”</p>
+
+<p>After pumping the bilges, wash down decks, wipe the
+sides around and the bright wood of the rail skylights and
+companion way and then turn all hands on to the brass
+work, using a chamois skin.</p>
+
+<p>Half an hour should be given the crew for breakfast
+(7 to 7.30 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span>), after which they should again be turned
+to, the brass work finished, the decks tidied up, the crew
+dressed in their ordered uniform for the day and everything
+ready for inspection by the Sailing-Master and Captain
+(if the latter so desires).</p>
+
+<p>The Sailing-Master (or mate) should always have
+one of the men row him around the vessel the last thing in
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</span>the morning, to make sure that all the running rigging is
+taut, no scratches or chafing on the sides; that there are
+no evidences of grass or scum along the water-line, and
+that everything is proper and ship-shape.</p>
+
+<p>One hour should be allowed for men for dinner—from
+12 to 1.</p>
+
+<p>A good Sailing-Master will always find something for
+the crew to work at during working hours.</p>
+
+<p>Smoking hours on deck should be regulated.</p>
+
+<p>Never allow smoking while the crew are at work
+about the decks.</p>
+
+<p>After supper (in port) allow the crew to smoke on the
+forward deck as long as they please.</p>
+
+<p>Under no consideration ever permit a boat’s crew to
+smoke while in the boat.</p>
+
+<p>In sending any boat ashore, the Sailing-Master (or,
+in his absence, the mate), should always direct the boat
+where to land, and when to return to the ship, except
+when the Captain is in the gig, who will direct his own
+crew.</p>
+
+<p>The crew should be habituated to move smartly about
+the decks, and to answer quickly and respectfully to their
+officers.</p>
+
+<p>In passing the Captain the crew should always salute
+by touching the right hand to the cap, and the Captain
+should at all times acknowledge same.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</span></p>
+
+<p>In the case of a gig’s crew, the coxswain only should
+salute the Captain, both on entering and leaving the gig.</p>
+
+<p>Mattresses and blankets should be thoroughly aired
+once every week, and oftener should there have been
+damp weather.</p>
+
+<p>The Sailing-Master and mates should never be ashore
+at the same time while the yacht is in commission.</p>
+
+<p>When coming to anchor, have the men stationed, and
+the instant the anchor leaves the cat-head, fire a gun and
+swing out the boat booms, except on Sundays, when no
+gun will be fired. If a salute is due, however, it should be
+fired immediately after colors on Monday morning.</p>
+
+<p>When leaving anchorage, if a steam yacht, fire a gun
+the instant the anchor is aweigh, and the bell is rung to
+go ahead, but if a sailing yacht, fire a gun when the anchor
+is tripped, and the vessel fills away.</p>
+
+<p>On large yachts a quartermaster should always be on
+watch to give notice to the officer of the deck on the approach
+of boats to the vessel, signals made from other
+yachts, or from the shore.</p>
+
+<p><em>Underway at Night</em>: Always have a lookout stationed
+forward, and in case of unusual darkness or thick
+weather, it is better to have two lookouts—one on either
+bow. As soon as a light or a sail is sighted, it should be
+reported in clear sharp tones to the officer of the deck,
+who will at once convince himself as to its character and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</span>whether his vessel or the one reported has the “right of
+way” and act accordingly.</p>
+
+<p><em>At Anchor at Night</em>: As soon as it is dark the “anchor
+watch” should be set. According to the number of
+the crew available, the length of time for each man to
+guard the deck should be regulated, so that from the time
+the first anchor watch is set until all hands are called in
+the morning, the watches shall be uniform, and no one
+man called on deck twice during the night. It is the duty
+of the watch to keep continually on the alert, examining
+the moorings occasionally, visiting the quarter-deck, keeping
+an eye to the bright burning of the anchor light, observing
+the drift lead, the swinging of his own vessel with
+the tide, also of the vessels around him, and being careful
+that no boat gets alongside his vessel unawares. In case
+a boat is seen making for the yacht, it should be hailed—“<span class="sc">Boat-Ahoy!</span>”
+and if the hail is answered satisfactorily,
+the boat can be allowed to board but, if not, it must be
+warned off. In case of danger pound on the top of the
+forecastle slide with anything available, at the same time
+calling “<span class="sc">All Hands!</span>” in a voice calculated to rouse the
+sleepers, and then, until the deck is officered, act yourself
+under the circumstances, as your common sense dictates.
+The anchor watch should strike the bells regularly during
+the night.</p>
+
+<p><em>Boat Hails</em>: All boats closely approaching a yacht at
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</span>night should be hailed by the officer of the deck or the
+watch. Replies should be as follows:</p>
+
+<ul class="hails">
+  <li>  For Commodore intending to board, “Commodore.”</li>
+  <li>  For Vice and Rear Commodores, “Flag.”</li>
+  <li>  For Fleet Captain, “Fleet.”</li>
+  <li>  For Captain, the name of his yacht.</li>
+  <li>  For a Club Member, “Aye, Aye.”</li>
+  <li>  For a visitor, “Visitor.”</li>
+  <li>  For Sailing-Master and other yacht officers, “No, no.”</li>
+  <li>  For one of the crew, “Hello.”</li>
+  <li>  For passing boats, “Passing.”</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><em>Concerning Watches</em>: As soon as a yacht leaves port,
+bound on a voyage, the crew should be divided into
+watches and the first regular watch set at 8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> on the
+day of sailing. The Captain always takes the first watch
+out, and the Sailing-Master the first watch home. The
+stewards, cooks, and waiters are known as “idlers” and
+they stand no watch.</p>
+
+<p>The captain’s watch is called the “starboard” and the
+Sailing-Master’s the “port” watch.</p>
+
+<p>If there is an uneven number of men in the forecastle,
+the odd man goes into the captain’s watch by courtesy.</p>
+
+<p>Provided the yacht carries a mate, the captain’s watch
+is kept by him, so that the captain has no regular deck
+duty, but goes and comes as he pleases.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</span></p>
+
+<p>The officer on watch is known as the “officer of the
+deck,” and, while left in possession, his orders must be
+obeyed to the letter. He has full powers to alter the
+course of the ship to avoid danger, to make or alter, or
+take in sail, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The seven regular watches are named as follows:</p>
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+    <td class="tdc">From</td>
+    <td class="tdl">midnight to 4 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Mid Watch</dfn>.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdl">4 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span> to 8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Morning Watch</dfn>.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdl">8 <span class="allsmcap">A. M.</span> to noon</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Forenoon Watch</dfn>.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdl">noon to 4 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Afternoon Watch</dfn>.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdl">4 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> to 6 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr"><dfn>the First Dog Watch</dfn>.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdl">6 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> to 8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr"><dfn>the Second Dog Watch</dfn>.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">”</td>
+    <td class="tdl">8 <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span> to 12 midnight</td>
+    <td class="tdr"><dfn>the First Watch</dfn>.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="DUTIES_AND_RESPONSIBILITIES">
+    DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
+    OF OFFICERS.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Note.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In the following treatise on the duties and responsibilities
+of the Captain and his officers, the question of the
+steam yacht carrying a goodly crew has been particularly
+considered <a id="but_the_rules_regulations_etc_laid_down"></a>but the rules, regulations, etc., laid down for
+the government of such large craft may easily be modified
+and brought within the compass of smaller steam and
+sail yachts.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">The Captain.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The Sailing-Master, mates, boatswain, carpenter,
+engineers, stewards, the petty officers, such as quartermasters,
+cooks, oilers, boatswain’s mates, etc., as well as
+every seaman, fireman, and waiter on board the yacht are
+subject to the control and orders of the Captain.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain is responsible for the general equipment
+and general management of his yacht, and for the vessel
+(when in commission) being at all times fully found and
+provided with coals, water, provisions, compasses, chronometers,
+charts, sextants, and other stores and appliances
+requisite for the navigation of the yacht. Of course, these
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</span>duties may be assigned to the Sailing-Master by the
+Captain, but upon the latter rests the responsibility of
+giving the necessary orders to insure such performance.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain shall inspect the yacht every day to
+observe that cleanliness and order is practised in the
+various departments—deck, engineer and steward’s—and
+shall hold strictly accountable for each department the
+officer in charge of same.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain shall see to it that the officers attend
+strictly to their several duties, that no waste or extravagance
+in the way of stores and provisions is allowed, and
+that the men under the different heads of the departments
+are respectful and obedient to their superiors and move
+smartly in the discharge of their duties.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain will observe that the officers and men
+respect the laws and regulations of the ports visited by the
+yacht, and will issue strict orders that contraband or
+dutiable articles for personal use shall not be brought on
+board to cause trouble and annoyance upon the return of
+the yacht to a home port, or upon an attempt to smuggle
+such articles ashore in any other port.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain shall see to it that the crew are frequently
+exercised at fire-quarters, and shall enforce the order that
+all boats are kept ready for immediate lowering and that
+the fire hose is attached at night and ready for use at a
+moment’s notice.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Captain will exact the observance of strict
+courtesy between the officers of various departments and
+not allow undue familiarity between them outside of their
+own quarters, and gambling between the officers or
+between the men shall always be prohibited.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain will forbid private trading on the part of
+officers and crew under any circumstances, and shall
+impress upon the minds of all on board that the dignity of
+a gentleman’s private vessel is to be upheld, and that loud
+or vulgar language will not be tolerated.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain will have reported to him all cases of
+misconduct on the part of any of the crew, and will never
+permit punishment to be inflicted unless by his express
+orders, and he will award the character of the punishment
+after consulting with the Sailing-Master, engineer or
+steward, according to the department in which the offender
+belongs. He is responsible for any ill-treatment
+of the crew by his officers.</p>
+
+<p>If one of the crew die on board, the Captain must make
+an inventory of his effects, entering same with the name,
+rank, etc., in the log-book, and upon the arrival of the
+yacht in port, a report must be made to the health-officer
+of the port.</p>
+
+<p>The Captain has the power to appoint his officers and
+has entire command over them during the time they are
+on board. He may, for any cause, suspend them from
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</span>duty, and in case of mutinous conduct at sea, he is justified
+in putting in irons any officer or any member of the crew.
+The log-book must, according to law, set forth all that
+occurs of an important nature during the voyage, especially
+such cases as punishment inflicted, and for what
+cause, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Upon arrival in a foreign port, the Captain should
+go to the Custom House, taking the bill of health and
+yacht’s papers and report his arrival.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">The Sailing-Master.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Under the head of “<a href="#Yacht_Routine">Yacht Routine</a>,” in a preceding
+chapter, will be found in detail the character of the deck
+work that the Sailing-Master should see carried out.</p>
+
+<p>The Sailing-Master, when the yacht is underway, will
+never allow the officer of the deck to leave the bridge
+unless regularly or temporarily relieved.</p>
+
+<p>If the Sailing-Master disapproves of anything performed
+by one of the officers, he should quietly call him
+aside and correct him, but he should never do it within
+the hearing of the crew, as they may lose respect for an
+officer who was not shown respect by an officer above him.</p>
+
+<p>The Sailing-Master, mate, second mate, or any other
+officer, when in charge of the deck, has full power over the
+yacht, as he represents the authority of the Captain.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Sailing-Master will navigate the yacht and will be
+responsible to the Captain for the safety and order of the
+vessel above and below decks, and, provided he is entrusted
+to select the officers and crew, he will be responsible
+to the Captain for their competency and desirability
+in all respects.</p>
+
+<p>Whenever an officer, or any of the seamen, desires to
+see the Captain for personal reasons, he must first acquaint
+the Sailing-Master with his wishes, and the Sailing-Master
+will refer the request to the Captain, who will specify his
+pleasure in the matter, and such will be conveyed in turn
+to the applicant; but under no circumstances will the Captain
+be approached by an officer or man, “over the Sailing-Master’s
+head,” for the only way to maintain discipline
+on board is by impressing upon the crew as a whole that
+the Sailing-Master, being the executive officer, the running
+of the yacht is in his hands, and the most implicit obedience
+and respect must be accorded him.</p>
+
+<p>Officers and men must never think of leaving the
+yacht, even when alongside the dock, without first obtaining
+the consent of the Sailing-Master, or, in his absence,
+from the officer left in command, who will be acquainted
+with the Sailing-Master’s wishes in the matter.</p>
+
+<p>When entering or leaving port, the Sailing-Master’s
+place is on the bridge, directing the movements of the
+yacht.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Chief Engineer.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The chief engineer has full control over all persons—officers
+and men—in his department.</p>
+
+<p>The engineer on watch in the engine-room when the
+yacht is underway, represents the chief engineer, and the
+fireman on watch must obey him, and he in turn must
+obey any orders received from the officer of the deck in
+the way of handling the engines.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will be held responsible for all
+hands in his department implicitly carrying out the orders
+of the Captain, or of the officer of the deck.</p>
+
+<p>Neither the assistants nor any member of the engine
+or fire-room force will leave the vessel without first
+reporting to and obtaining the chief engineer’s consent,
+who, in turn, will solicit the same from the Sailing-Master
+and then acquaint the applicant with the result.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will personally superintend the
+coaling of the yacht, and satisfy himself that the quantity
+of coal charged for has been received on board. He will
+make an entry on the engine-room log-book stating the
+amount of coal receipted for, also its quality.</p>
+
+<p>When other engine-room stores, tools, etc., are received
+on board, they will be receipted for by the chief
+engineer and a memorandum of same entered on his log-book.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</span></p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will be held responsible for any
+waste of stores or extravagance in his department.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will be held accountable for the
+conduct of all officers and men under his control.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will enforce the law that an engineer
+on watch is never to absent himself from the
+engine-room without having been regularly relieved by
+another engineer, and will also see to it that no fireman,
+oiler, water-tender, etc., leaves his post without permission
+from the engineer on watch.</p>
+
+<p>Should any member of the engineer’s force misconduct
+himself, or disobey any order received by him from
+a superior officer, the chief engineer must report the case
+to the Captain, so that it may be dealt with by the latter,
+and in no case is the chief or one of his assistants to
+inflict punishment upon a man unless such punishment
+is authorized by the Captain.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will see to it that the engineer of
+the watch keeps a steady pressure of steam, according to
+the instructions that he has received, and with a view
+to economy of fuel, the engineer on watch will direct
+attention to the condition of the fires, and the mode of
+firing. The chief will also make sure that his assistants
+are well acquainted with the various pipes, cocks, valves
+and connections generally.</p>
+
+<p>When entering or leaving port the chief engineer will
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</span>assume personal charge of the engines, or at any other
+time when special care is demanded for executing promptly
+the orders signalled from the bridge.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will keep the engine-room log-book,
+and fill up the columns therein. Under the head of
+“Remarks” he will enter the particulars of all stores used;
+the time of leaving and arriving in port; all occurrences
+relating to the working of the boilers and machinery,
+accidents of whatever nature to engines or to the men,
+etc., and each day’s log is to be verified by his signature.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will daily, at noon, while under
+steam, lay before the Sailing-Master an abstract of the
+engine-room log-book, containing the expenditure of coals,
+oils and other stores during the preceding twenty-four
+hours, and the amount remaining on hand; also the total
+number of revolutions made during the preceding twenty-four
+hours.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will be held responsible that the
+steam steering-gear, windlass, refrigerating and electric
+plants are kept in efficient state and at all times ready
+when required.</p>
+
+<p>On sailing days, or on departure from any port, the
+chief engineer must have his department in good order,
+steam maintained at the proper limit, and half an hour
+before the time of starting he must report to the Sailing-Master
+that his department is all ready, after which the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</span>chief and his assistants must remain on duty until the
+yacht is clear of the pilot or the harbor cleared, when
+the first assistant engineer will take charge of the engine-room
+watch.</p>
+
+<p>Should the engineer of the watch find it necessary to
+stop his engines when underway, he shall at once send
+word to the Sailing-Master or to the officer of the deck,
+and obtain his consent before stopping, except in cases
+of special emergency, when he will be justified in stopping
+without orders, but knowledge of the act must at
+once be sent to the officer of the deck.</p>
+
+<p>The chief engineer will have full control of regulating
+the amount of steam to be carried, using his own judgment
+as to what is necessary for the speed required.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">First Mate.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>It is common to refer to the first mate as the “chief officer.”</p>
+
+<p>After being appointed the chief officer, he should get
+an inventory of everything under his charge, and obtain
+from the boatswain and carpenter a list of their stores
+also, and a memorandum of whatever else they require.
+He should see that the windlass is in good working order,
+and inspect personally the boats, falls, running and standing
+rigging, sails, sail-covers, awnings, etc., and each
+night should lay out the work for the boatswain and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</span>give him orders concerning his work for the coming day.
+He should also observe that the carpenter attends to the
+sluices and sounds the well and tanks night and morning.</p>
+
+<p>When underway at sea, if the chief officer does not
+stand watch, he should be about the decks all day to see
+that the boatswain is pushing the work along.</p>
+
+<p>The chief officer will also keep the log-book, copying
+into it from the rough or deck log, and should take sights
+of the sun for latitude and longitude, determine the deviation
+by azimuths of the sun, and keep the yachts run by
+dead-reckoning. The log-book must be ready each day
+at 2 bells (one o’clock <span class="allsmcap">P. M.</span>), for inspection by the Sailing-Master.</p>
+
+<p>In anchoring, mooring and unmooring ship, the chief officer’s place is on the forecastle, directing the handling
+of the bow-lines.</p>
+
+<p>When heaving up anchor, or when coming to anchor,
+the chief officer’s place is on the forecastle directing the
+handling of the cable according to orders from the Sailing-Master
+on the bridge.</p>
+
+<p>If the first officer stands deck watch, his bridge duties
+will be the same as those laid down for the second officer.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Second Mate.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In mooring and unmooring ship, the second officer’s
+place is aft, and he is responsible for any accident that
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</span>occurs at his end of the yacht while docking or leaving
+dock, or when getting underway or coming to anchor.</p>
+
+<p>When running out lines, or taking them in, he must
+be careful to keep them clear of the propeller, and in the
+event of a line getting foul of same he must at once make
+same known to the officer on the bridge, so that the
+engines may be stopped.</p>
+
+<p>When docking, a couple of cork-fenders should be
+kept handy on the quarters.</p>
+
+<p>After mooring, the ropes should be coiled down neatly
+and chafing gear put on where necessary, after which
+the men should be sent forward to the boatswain.</p>
+
+<p>When leaving port, the second mate should attend to
+the secure lashing of anything requiring it aft, and also
+see to it that the carpenter has secured the gangways,
+ports, etc.</p>
+
+<p>When coming to anchor, the second mate’s place is
+by the leadsman, when he does not take the lead himself.</p>
+
+<p>When at sea, before he relieves the bridge, he should
+take a turn around the deck fore and aft to see that
+there is nothing adrift and no evidences of anything
+wrong.</p>
+
+<p>He should never hesitate to call the Captain if in doubt
+about anything of an important nature—such as fog; if
+weather looks threatening; if the barometer is unsteady;
+if there is the sight or sound of broken water.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</span></p>
+
+<p>The second mate must be particular to note everything
+correctly in the log-book for his watch, reading the patent
+log the last thing and entering the distance run for the
+preceding four hours.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Boatswain.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Upon reporting for duty the boatswain must ascertain
+the kind and quantity of the deck stores, cordage, sails,
+canvas, paints, brushes, salt-water-soap, brooms, etc., etc.,
+because it is his duty to serve out such in keeping the
+yacht in order.</p>
+
+<p>He must inspect every time they are used cat-falls,
+mooring-lines, etc., and if they are found defective, he
+must at once make a report to the first mate.</p>
+
+<p>The boatswain remains on deck all day and takes
+charge of all the men engaged on deck work, receiving
+his orders each night from the first mate as to the character
+of the work to be carried on the following day; but
+he must also exercise his own judgment when he sees
+anything of a minor nature in his department requiring
+attention.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Carpenter.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Upon reporting for duty the carpenter must overhaul
+all the sluices to see that they are in proper working
+order; make himself familiar with the location of the
+sounding-pipe, water tanks, etc.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</span></p>
+
+<p>He must also thoroughly understand the working of
+the windlass, and take personal charge of it when the
+anchors are being used. It is his special duty also to
+examine all dead lights for leaks, and to attend to the
+shipping and unshipping of the gangway ladders.</p>
+
+<p>The carpenter is under the direct orders of the chief officer,
+and whenever the carpenter’s services are required
+by the engineers, the chief officer must have the application
+for the carpenter’s services made to him.</p>
+
+<p>The carpenter must sound the tanks and well every
+night and morning, note his remarks on the engine-room
+slate, and report as well to the officer of the deck—this
+must be done both at sea and in port.</p>
+
+<p>It is also the carpenter’s duty to attend to the steering-gear
+and report at once to the chief mate any defect in
+the wheel-chains or mechanism.</p>
+
+<p>The carpenter has the keeping in repair of all the
+boats, spars, bulwarks, blocks, and in fact everything of
+a wooden nature on board the yacht.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Quartermasters.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The duties of quartermasters are to steer the yacht,
+keep the pilot house in order, clean all bright work
+belonging to his department in the way of binnacles,
+wheel, speaking tubes, steering-gear, step-plates, etc.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</span>They have charge of the bunting and are responsible for
+its condition, and it is also required of them that they
+shall be familiar with the signal code, and shall take the
+signal halliards under their personal care to insure their
+readiness for use. All the signal lanterns are under their
+charge, as is also the hand and deep-sea leads. When
+the yacht is at anchor, quartermasters stand regular watch
+and watch by day as well as by night, taking charge of the
+anchor watch.</p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Steward.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>The duties of the steward are varied, and the comfort
+and happiness of the yacht depend upon his ability,
+integrity, and ambition to keep a contented ship fore
+and aft.</p>
+
+<p>Whether he is serving on a small yacht or a large one,
+he should remember that the money of the millionaire
+owner should not be any more recklessly spent by the
+steward than the money of the man who can afford yachting
+in only a very modest way. Besides this, the steward
+should be a man of sufficiently high moral character to
+realize that waste of any kind is wicked.</p>
+
+<p>It matters not how rich an owner may be, he is just
+as sensitive to the foolish expenditure of his money as
+is his less pretentious yachting friend, and no steward
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</span>should conduct his department on the theory that the
+owner is too well off to be at all concerned whether it
+costs five dollars a day to provision the yacht or five
+hundred.</p>
+
+<p>There are stewards who personally are strictly honest,
+but who are either careless in the quantity of the purchases,
+or who leave entirely too much to the cook—who
+think it too great a trouble to look into “pots and pans,”
+or who avoid any such supervision for fear of offending
+the autocrat of the galley. This is all wrong. The cook
+is under the direction and orders of the steward, and if
+the latter is the proper sort of official he will not allow
+any other interpretation of his authority.</p>
+
+<p>If under-stewards are carried, they are simply aids
+to the steward, whose orders they will at all times unquestionably
+obey, and to insure the smooth running of this
+department, the owner should authorize the steward to
+select his subordinates.</p>
+
+<p>It goes without saying that all the provisions on board
+are under his care, and that he should at all times know
+the amount of stores on hand in his department. He
+should keep an expenditure book showing credit and
+debit sides, so as to be able quickly to know how much
+money he has received from the owner, and what amount
+of same he has expended.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to his care of the owner’s wardrobe, the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</span>silverware, glass, crockery, bedding and linen, both in
+the cabins and officers’ quarters, he is responsible also
+for fixtures in the way of lamps, cushions, furniture, etc.</p>
+
+<p>He should, in addition to his supervision of the cabins,
+inspect the officers’ rooms every morning to see that same
+are sweet and clean. He must demand that everything
+in the kitchen is kept shining; that the brass work on the
+inside of all skylights to cabin and officers’ quarters, and
+the hand-rails to companionway are at all times carefully
+polished.</p>
+
+<p>Whenever it is desired to brush rugs and mats on
+deck, he should always notify the mate, so that proper
+precautions may be taken to prevent dust from injuring
+anything about decks in the way of fresh paint, varnish,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>When it is necessary that he should go ashore for
+provisions, ice, etc., he should notify the Sailing-Master
+sufficiently ahead of time so that the boat service required
+may not interfere with the regular deck work.</p>
+
+<p>In the case of guests his duty is to contribute in
+everyway possible to their comfort and pleasure while
+on board, realizing that by so doing he is not only fulfilling
+another of his functions, but that he is rendering
+the greatest satisfaction to the owner, whose pleasure it
+is to know that the outing offered his friends is being
+made as pleasant as possible.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</span></p>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class="sc">Surgeon.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>In the event of a surgeon being carried, it will be the
+duty of this officer to look after the general health of all
+on board, and to be keenly alive to the sanitary condition
+of the yacht.</p>
+
+<p>Whenever an inspection of the vessel is being held, it
+is his place to accompany the Captain on his rounds, and
+to offer needful suggestions.</p>
+
+<p>When the yacht’s water tanks are to be filled, he
+should inspect the quality of the water offered, and should
+analyze same if he is suspicious that it may be unhealthy
+owing to the presence of vegetable matter, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Should sickness occur among the crew, he should
+take proper precautions to isolate the man so far as
+possible until a satisfactory diagnosis of the case assures
+him as to the character of the illness.</p>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="SYNOPSIS_OF_U_S_LAWS_GOVERNING_AMERICAN">
+    SYNOPSIS OF U. S. LAWS GOVERNING AMERICAN
+    STEAM AND SAIL YACHTS, AND
+    FOREIGN YACHTS IN U. S.
+    WATERS.
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>1. A yacht must be licensed.</p>
+
+<p>A license authorizes a yacht to sail from port to port
+of the United States, and by sea to foreign ports, without
+entrance or clearance, and absolves her from the payment
+of tonnage duty and light money; but upon the return
+of a yacht from a foreign port she must enter at the
+Custom House of the port of her first arrival.</p>
+
+<p>To enter a vessel, it is necessary to have a manifest
+with two copies ready on arrival. The revenue cutter
+may take one, the boarding officer another, while the third
+is produced by the Master before the Collector.</p>
+
+<p>The Master makes oath to its truth. The manifest
+should specify ship’s stores, and state that no cargo is
+carried.</p>
+
+<p>2. In going foreign a yacht captain may have a certified
+crew list and shipping articles (sign his crew to
+articles), although it is not compulsory.</p>
+
+<p>3. Whether or not, in going foreign, a bill of health
+for the vessel would be needed, would depend upon the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</span>laws of the country of her destination. If it is decided to
+carry same, it may be obtained from the Custom House
+upon demand, provided the port sailing from is in a
+normal condition of healthfulness.</p>
+
+<p>4. A foreign yacht arriving from abroad must be
+entered at the port of her first arrival; but tonnage duty
+is not exacted, provided she belongs to a regularly organized
+and incorporated yacht club.</p>
+
+<p>5. A pleasure vessel purchased by a citizen from an
+alien has the same privileges as a vessel built in the
+United States, except that she cannot be documented.
+She is subject to light money of fifty cents per ton on
+arrival at each port, although this is seldom enforced.</p>
+
+<p>6. If a foreign yacht should be wrecked in U. S.
+waters, and be purchased by a citizen, who expends upon
+her in repairs three times as much as he paid for her
+as a wreck, she could be documented as a yacht of the
+United States.</p>
+
+<p>7. A foreign-built yacht owned by a citizen may fly
+the U. S. flag, but not the American yacht ensign, according
+to law, which ensign is prescribed for American-built
+yachts only; but it is often flown contrary to law.</p>
+
+<p>8. For a sailing yacht the name of the vessel and
+port must be placed conspicuously upon the stern. The
+letters to be not less than three inches in length.</p>
+
+<p>9. The name of a screw steamer yacht, and her
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</span>port, must be placed on the stern in letters six inches in
+length, and upon each outer side of the pilot house; but
+if she be a side-wheel vessel, the name must be painted
+on the outside of each paddle-box also.</p>
+
+<p>10. The painting of the name upon the bows of
+yachts is optional with the owner.</p>
+
+<p>11. Any vessel propelled in whole or in part by
+steam is declared a steam vessel within the meaning of
+the law.</p>
+
+<p>12. The hull and boiler of a steam yacht is subject to
+annual inspection by the U. S. Board of Local Inspectors.</p>
+
+<p>13. No steam yacht, whatever her size, is permitted
+to be navigated without a licensed master or pilot, and
+engineer, under penalty of a fine of one hundred dollars
+for each offense.</p>
+
+<p>14. Masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, upon giving
+satisfactory evidence of their qualifications, may be
+licensed by the U. S. Local Inspectors for the term of
+five years, but the license may be revoked for cause.</p>
+
+<p>15. Every licensed officer must have his license
+framed under glass, and posted in a conspicuous place
+on board the vessel, under penalty of revocation or one
+hundred dollars fine.</p>
+
+<p>16. Any one who employs an unlicensed officer is
+subject to a fine of one hundred dollars.</p>
+
+<p>17. The Local Inspectors are authorized to suspend
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</span>or revoke, upon satisfactory evidence, the license of any
+officer for bad conduct, drunkenness, inattention to duty,
+or incapacity.</p>
+
+<p>18. If an owner proves to the Local Inspectors that
+his engineer has allowed his boiler to burn, and that he
+has not kept his engine and machinery in good order,
+the Inspectors are authorized to degrade him.</p>
+
+<p>19. The fees previously charged for licenses to officers,
+and for inspections and examinations of vessels of
+the United States, were abolished in 1886.</p>
+
+<p>20. A yacht of any foreign nation, which extends
+like courtesies to the United States, provided the yacht
+belongs to a regularly organized and incorporated yacht
+club, is privileged to arrive at and depart from port to
+port of the United States without making entrance or
+clearance, but when arriving from a foreign port she
+must enter at the port of her first arrival in the United
+States.</p>
+
+<p>If the yacht does not belong to such a nation, or does
+not belong to such a yacht club, she must enter at and
+clear from every port of the United States she goes into.</p>
+
+<p>21. A commission to sail for pleasure, in any designated
+yacht belonging to a regularly organized and incorporated
+yacht club, may be obtained from the Treasury
+Department through the Collector of Customs at the port
+where the yacht may be. It does not supersede the license,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</span>but is in addition to it, and is only issued by yachts going
+abroad to secure more extended courtesies. It is issued
+for the voyage only, and must be surrendered at the
+port of her first arrival on her return to the United
+States.</p>
+
+<p>22. Yachts of 20 tons and upwards must also be
+enrolled. (1899 Laws.)</p>
+
+<p>23. According to law, the owner of a steam yacht
+may secure a license to command and pilot his own
+vessel, provided he passes the examination required by
+the U. S. Local Inspectors of Steam Vessels.</p>
+
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</span></p>
+
+
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="INDEX">
+    INDEX
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+
+<ul>
+  <li class="ifrst">BOAT SERVICE.      <span class="pad7lft">PAGE</span></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Boat Ceremony and Discipline, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Boat Orders, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Boat Salutes and Management, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Particulars Concerning Boats, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li>
+
+
+  <li class="ifrst">CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES.</li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Captain of Visiting Yacht Pays Respects, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Commodore’s Duties—Commissioning Club, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Commodore’s Duties—Club in Commission, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Commodore’s Duties—Going Out of Commission, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Duties of the Fleet Captain, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Honors to the Captain Embarking, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Honors to the Captain Disembarking, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Putting Yacht In Commission, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Putting Yacht Out of Commission, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Quarter-Deck to be Saluted, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of the President, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of the Vice-President, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Secretary of Navy, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Cabinet Officers, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of a Governor, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Foreign Sovereign, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Royalty, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Naval Officers, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Army Officers, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</span>Reception of Other Officials, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Flag Officers, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Reception of Diplomatic Corps, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Senior Officer Returns Salutes and Visits, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Senior Officer Tenders Civilities, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht Joining Squadron, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li>
+
+
+  <li class="ifrst">COLORS IN GENERAL.</li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Absent Flag, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">At Anchor with Naval Vessels, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Before Colors or After Sunset, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Burgee and Private Signal Broken Out, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Colors in Yacht’s Boats, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Colors to be Well Hoisted, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Commodore Cruising with Another Club, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Commodore’s Night and Day Pennant, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Commodore’s Private Signal, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Day Signals for Pilots, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Death of Captain, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Death of Club Member, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Death of Flag Officer, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Death of One of the Crew, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Dressing Ship, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Ensign When Passing Light Houses, Etc., <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Ensign When Passing Naval Vessels, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Entering or Leaving Port, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Flag Officer Entering Another Harbor, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Flag Officer’s Pennant, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Hauling Down Half-Mast Colors, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Hours for Half-Masting Colors, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">How to Half-Mast Colors, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</span>Jack—When Displayed, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Making Colors, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Making Sunset, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Mastless Yachts, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Meal Pennants, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">National Mourning, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Night Pennant, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Night Signals for Pilots, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Off a Naval Station, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Permission to Half-Mast Colors, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Place to Display Colors, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Saluting with Ensign Half-Mast, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Senior Officer Gives the Time, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Signal for Towing-Boat, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Single Stickers, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Sunrise and Sunset, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Time to Make Colors, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Visiting Another Club, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht Flags and How They Are Used, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht Short-Handed, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li>
+
+
+  <li class="ifrst">DUTIES OF OFFICERS.</li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Boatswain, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Captain, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Carpenter, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Chief Engineer, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">First Mate, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Quartermasters, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Sailing-Master, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Second Mate, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Steward, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Surgeon, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li>
+
+
+  <li class="ifrst"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</span>GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT.</li>
+
+  <li class="indx">At Anchor at Night, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Boat Hails, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Concerning Watches, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Ship’s Bells, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">The Boatswain’s Call, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Underway at Night, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht Routine, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li>
+
+
+  <li class="ifrst">SALUTES IN GENERAL.</li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Boat Salutes, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Colors and Sunset Gun, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Dipping the Ensign, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Flag Officer’s Official Visit, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Guns Between Sunset and Colors, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Guns on Sunday, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Judges’ Yacht not Saluted, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Junior Officer Entering Harbor, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Official Salute to Another Club, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Ordinary Salute to Commodore, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Postponed Salutes, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Salute of Passing Yachts, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Salute to Quarter-Deck, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Salute to Yacht Entering, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Salutes Between Squadrons, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Salutes to Naval Vessels, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Salutes Upon Entering Harbor, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Salutes When Meeting at Sea, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Senior Officer Leaving Harbor, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Single Yacht and Squadron, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Special Salute to Commodore, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Steam Whistles Not to be Used, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">When Firing Guns is Prohibited, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">When Making Signals is Prohibited, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li>
+
+
+  <li class="ifrst"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</span>SPECIAL LIGHTS.</li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Absent Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Commodore’s Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Dinner Light, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Lanterns Under Boom, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Rear-Commodore’s Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Vice-Commodore’s Lights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li>
+
+
+  <li class="ifrst">SYNOPSIS OF U. S. YACHTING LAWS.</li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Bill of Health, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Documenting of a Foreign Yacht, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Entering a Yacht, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Fine for Unlicensed Officers, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Foreign Yacht May Fly American Flag, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Foreign Yacht Must Enter, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Foreign Yachts Visiting the U. S., <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Hailing Port Must be Shown, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Inspection of Hull and Boiler, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Licensed Master, Pilot and Engineer, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Light Money, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Name of Yacht to be Displayed, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Owner’s Licenses as Master and Pilot, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Shipping Articles, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Suspension of License, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Tonnage Duty, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">What Constitutes a Steam Vessel, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht Commission, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht Enrollment, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht License Privileges, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+
+  <li class="indx">Yacht’s Manifest, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+<div class="chapter">
+  <h2 class="nobreak" id="Transcribers_Notes">
+    Transcriber’s Notes
+  </h2>
+</div>
+
+<div class="transnote">
+
+<p>Inconsistencies in hyphenation and capitalization have been silently addressed.</p>
+
+<p>Obvious printing errors have been silently corrected.  Other changes:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#When_the_date_of_going_out_of_commission_is_fixed">When the date of going out of commission is fixed[,]</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Theyare_set_taut_by_lanyards">They are set tau[gh]t by lanyards.</a></li>
+<li><a href="#but_the_rules_regulations_etc_laid_down">but the rules, regulations[,] etc., laid down for the government of such large craft</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+Flag illustrations have been moved from pages 8 and 9 to a place in the text
+where each flag is mentioned. The flag not specifically mentioned in
+the text remains in its original location.
+
+</div>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78830 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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author	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2026-06-08 13:08:10 -0700
committer	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2026-06-08 13:08:10 -0700
commit	ba3ead6096f06b2f0719a262f940eb6f9b78c17b (patch)
tree	ff0591bae989e66b6d2e868e94c830c9903d10b2 /78830-h