diff options
Diffstat (limited to '77230-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 77230-0.txt | 10385 |
1 files changed, 10385 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/77230-0.txt b/77230-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..78a0c30 --- /dev/null +++ b/77230-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10385 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77230 *** + + + + + FAMILY NAMES + + FROM THE + IRISH, ANGLO-SAXON, ANGLO-NORMAN AND SCOTCH + + CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO THEIR ETYMOLOGY, + WITH + BRIEF REMARKS ON THE HISTORY AND LANGUAGES + OF THE + PEOPLES TO WHOM WE ARE INDEBTED FOR THEIR ORIGIN. + + BY THOMAS G. GENTRY, + AUTHOR OF “LIFE-HISTORIES OF BIRDS OF EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA,” “THE HOUSE + SPARROW,” “NESTS AND EGGS OF BIRDS OF THE UNITED STATES,” ETC. + + PHILADELPHIA: + BURK & McFETRIDGE. + 1892. + + COPYRIGHT, 1892, + BY + THOMAS G. GENTRY + + + + +PREFACE. + + +In all ages and localities of the world names, implying some one or +more characteristics of person, feature, faith, place or event, were +conferred by people, especially by those of defective education and +rude, unpolished manners. The nations of antiquity appear to have set +the example, for the Hebrews had their “Adam,” which meant “red earth,” +their “Elizabeth,” “the oath of God,” and the Greeks their “Theophilus,” +“the friend of God.” Scriptural names, and those of a purely classical +character, have been studied with less difficulty. Every Hebrew name has +been fully discussed and examined by the best scholars, and the Greek +have received the same amount of careful consideration. Not so with the +Latin. While much of value and interest have been gleaned through patient +study and investigation, yet there is a great deal that must forever +remain doubtful and inexplicable. + +Ripe German philologists have given full attention to the numerous race +of German appellations, the Scandinavian class having been most ably +treated in a series of articles to the _Norsk Maandeskrifts_ from the +pen of Prof. Munch, of Christiania. Turner, Kemble, Thierry, and others, +have studied, but not comparatively, Anglo-Saxon names, and thrown +considerable light upon the subject. + +Keltic names have presented far greater difficulties. The changes through +which the name passes must be considered, and not merely the sound when +translated into English. Books of travels, histories, and popular tales, +are here indispensable aids to the dictionary, especially when writers +have been good enough to give with anything like tolerable accuracy the +genuine word rather than their Anglicised construction. + +While surnames and local names have often been discussed, and that very +poorly in the large majority of cases, the Christian name has generally +been considered too fortuitous to merit notice. Camden did indeed review +the current ones of his day, giving many correct explanations, but +Verstegen, who followed him up, was more speculative, and, consequently, +less correct. Since his day, no English author seems to have given any +reliable information to the subject. It is true that a few lists of names +and meanings have appeared in magazines and popular works, but they have +generally been copies of Verstegen, with puerile and incorrect additions. +One paper, which was published a long time ago in Chamber’s Journal, +was the only truly valuable paper on English names _en masse_ that has +appeared since he wrote. + +But little attention has been paid to the history of names. Why one +should be popular and another forgotten, why one should flourish +throughout an entire country, another in one section alone, and another +around some petty district, has not, it would seem, been of sufficient +importance to invite examination. History has answered some of these +questions, genealogy others, and the patient tracing of patron saints, +their relics, and their legends, many others. In this department of +investigation, philology owes a lasting debt of gratitude to Charlotte +M. Yonge, a well-known English authoress, who has had the time, the +patience, the ability, for so herculean a task. A careful perusal of her +work, while it shows a few defects, the results of preconceived notions +and false reasoning, brings to the light of knowledge much that is +valuable and important. + +The writer’s interest in the subject began with his study of the Irish +language more than two decades ago. That interest has never wavered, +but has gathered strength and force with the advancing years. A desire +that his fellows should know something of the etymology and meanings +of names, for few people have any other idea than that names, family +names especially, are the results of chance, has led to the publication +of this work. In its preparation he has drawn his facts from primitive +sources. Few names, and these originally Christian in character, have +been taken at second hand, but in most instances even these have been +modified in derivation and meaning to adapt them to his conceptions of +what the genius of the languages, from which they were drawn, would +require. Bourke’s _Self-Instruction in Irish_, O’Reilly’s _Irish-English +Dictionary_, Foley’s _English-Irish Dictionary_, and _The Irish Echo_, +a monthly paper published in Boston, and devoted to Irish history and +genealogies, are the sources from which have been obtained the facts +for the Irish names. March’s _Comparative Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon +Language_, March’s _Anglo-Saxon Reader_, and Bosworth’s _Anglo-Saxon and +English Dictionary_ have been invaluable so far as the Anglo-Saxon are +concerned, and for the Anglo-Norman and Scotch considerable information +has been gleaned from the writings of Chaucer, edited by Wright, from +Percy’s _Reliques of Ancient English Poetry_, and from scores of other +sources. + +It is not pretended that the list of names herein given is anything like +complete. Hundreds of others could have been included, but they would +only have augmented the size of the book beyond the author’s intention. +He has endeavored to select names presumably familiar to English-speaking +people, and to give their probable derivation and significance. The keen +eye of the critic may detect some faults, for a work of this kind cannot +necessarily be free from errors, either of judgment or wisdom, but it +is to be hoped that the value of the work, as a vehicle of truth and +information, may not materially be affected by reason of them. + + THOMAS G. GENTRY. + +PHILADELPHIA, June 1, 1892. + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + PAGE + + PREFACE 3 + + FROM THE IRISH 7 + + HISTORY—THE CELTS 9 + + LESSONS IN IRISH 13 + + NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION 18 + + FROM THE ANGLO-SAXON 51 + + HISTORY—JUTES, SAXONS, ANGLES 53 + + LESSONS IN ANGLO-SAXON 57 + + NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION 65 + + FROM THE ANGLO-NORMAN 171 + + HISTORY—NORMAN CONQUEST 173 + + ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE 175 + + NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION 180 + + FROM THE SCOTCH 189 + + HISTORY—THE SCOT 191 + + SCOTCH—AS IT NOW EXISTS 195 + + NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION 197 + + ADDENDA ET CORRIGIENDA 208 + + + + +FROM THE IRISH. + + + + +HISTORY—THE CELTS. + + +Careful study and research have enabled philologists to establish a +system of linguistic classification. They have given us such families +as the Chinese, the Polynesian, the Scythian, the Semitic, and others; +and above them all the great Indo-European Family, which comprehends ten +members—three Asiatic and seven European. + +Seven of these ten families have long been recognized, namely: Iranian, +or Ancient and Modern Persian; Indian, or Sanskrit, used in Hindostan; +Hellenic—Ancient and Modern Greek; Italic, that is, the Latin and +its descendants—Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provençal, +Rheto-Romanic, and Wallachian; Slavonic, preëminently the Russian; +Celtic, or Keltic, made up of the Cymric and the Gaelic; Teutonic, +subdivided into Gothic, Scandinavian, High German, and Low German. Into +the Low German the English falls. Recent scholars have added to these +seven the Lithuanian, Armenian, and Albanian, making ten in all. + +So unlike are these languages now, that it was not suspected until this +century that they were once the same speech spoken by a people dwelling +together long enough to build up a respectable vocabulary and a common +language. The home of this mother-tribe is involved in obscurity. +Conjecture, at one time, placed it upon the high table-land of Eastern +Persia. Recent surmise, principally German, locates it in Germany, in +Scandinavia, in Russia just north of the Caucasus mountains. When, and +in what order, the migrations took place is also conjectural. That great +migrations did occur, and that each migrating horde carried along with +it the parent speech, is no longer questioned. Strong authorities make +it credible that the Celtic tribes were the first to abandon the old +homestead and seek their fortunes in new and strange lands. + +Of this people, the Celts, when first they appear upon the historical +horizon, some prefatory remarks are needed. They occupied the Spanish +Peninsula, Gaul when conquered by Cæsar, and Britain, when visited by +him in 55 and 54 B. C. In Britain, they were divided into many tribes, +and were seldom known to unite in a common cause. They lived in houses +hollowed out of the hills, built with low stone walls, thatched with +reeds and straw, and lighted only by the door. Their dress consisted of +the tunic and short trousers. Fruits, milk, flesh, and grain bruised +and baked, constituted their food. They manufactured earthenware, war +chariots, arrows, the sword, the spear, the battle-axe, and the shield, +burned or buried their dead, tattooed their bodies, and were largely +controlled by their priests. The latter—the _druids_—monopolized the +learning, took to themselves supreme authority, settled all disputes, +civil and criminal, and were exempt from taxation and all public duties. + +No determined resistance was offered by the Celts to Roman occupancy +of Britain, for, under Agricola, the Romans had by 84 A. D., conquered +as far north as the Firth of Forth, which they joined to the river +Clyde by the wall of Antoninus. Subsequently, they built as additional +protection against the Picts, the noted wall of Severus, sometimes called +Hadrian’s wall, which united the Solway and the Tyne. No attempt of a +thorough conquest of the island was made by the Romans, but with their +headquarters at Eboracum, now York, they held it by a chain of fortified +posts, whose site is now mainly indicated by towns with names terminating +in _chester_, _cester_ or _caster_—modifications of the Latin _castra_, +a camp. These posts the Romans connected by broad and straight military +roads over which their legions could readily march. + +Roman aggrandizement was of primary importance. Taxes were levied on +arable land, on pasture land, and on fruits, and duties were exacted +at the ports. Agriculture was fostered, and large quantities of grain +exported to Rome. But the imperial city whose empire was so wide, and +whose armies were mostly composed of conscripts from subjugated people, +and led by generals of their own blood, was threatened by invading +hordes, and was compelled to withdraw her legions for home defense. By +420 the soldiers had all been withdrawn, and the Celts were themselves +once more. But their freedom and rejoicing were of short continuance. +A more formidable invasion than that of the Roman followed, and by the +middle of the fifth century they were the slaves of the Angles, the +Saxons, and the Jutes. + +Upon the withdrawal of the Roman legions from Britain, the unsubdued +Picts and Scots of the north attacked the Celts of the south, who had +been subjects of Roman oppression. Whether the assailed Britons detached +the Gothic tribes from an alliance with the Picts and Scots, and turned +them against their former allies; whether, without having been in league +with them, the strangers came from their home beyond the North Sea to +help beat back the Picts and Scots; or whether, tempted by the fertile +soil, they came on their own account, we may never know; but one thing +is certain, that they came, and that they came never to go away. Their +coming is of weighty significance, for they became the basis of the +English nation, and their speech the parent of the English language. + +The unconquered Celts of the west and north spoke their own tongue—the +Celtic—while that of the conquered portion was overwhelmingly the +language of the conquerors, and was called the Anglo-Saxon. It was +not, however, entirely pure, for some few Celtic words had unavoidably +entered it. The names for the rivers, lakes, hills and mountains, given +by the Celts, clung pertinaciously to these objects, and are found with +the English of the present day. Throughout the whole of England there +is hardly a river-name that is not Celtic. _Avon_, Celtic for _water_, +occurs as the name of fourteen English rivers upon our maps. _Esk_, of +like meaning, designates more than twenty, and has also entered into the +names of towns, as in _Ax_minster, _Ex_eter, _Ox_ford, and _Ux_bridge. +_Cam_, _Humber_, _Ouse_, _Thames_, and _Wye_, and many other river-names, +are Celtic. _Pen_, or _Ben_, Celtic for _mountain_, is seen in the name +for the range called _Pen_nine, in that of the hills called _Pen_tland, +and in _Ben_-Nevis and _Ben_-Lomond. _Dun_, a hill-fortress, is found in +_Dum_barton, _Dun_dee, _Dun_keld. Hundreds of other Celtic words can be +observed on almost any map of England, and, indeed, on the maps of Spain, +France, Italy, Switzerland, and Germany. The names of the rivers Rhine, +Rhone, Garonne, and Seine are Celtic. Italy is Celtic for “beautiful +region,” and German for “rough man.” Besides the numerous geographical +names of Europe that are traceable to this language, such common names as +_camel_, _clock_, _comma_, _fodder_, _gun_, _snake_, and _whiskey_, owe +to it their origin, not to mention scores of well-known family names of +every-day occurrence. + +The remains of the Celtic language are still to be found in the Welsh, +the Gaelic of the Scottish Highlands, the Erse or Irish, and the Manx of +the Isle of Man. + + + + +LESSONS IN IRISH. + + +IRISH LETTERS—THEIR SOUNDS. + +There are seventeen letters in the Irish Alphabet, of which five are +vowels, the remaining twelve being consonants. Their correspondents in +English are _a_, _b_, _c_, _d_, _e_, _f_, _g_, _i_, _l_, _m_, _n_, _o_, +_p_, _r_, _s_, _t_, and _u_. + +The designation of the letters by their Irish names, _Ailm_, _Beith_, +etc., which is only a convenient contrivance for distinguishing them from +those of other languages, has been purposely omitted, partly because they +are, at present, seldom or never called by their appellations, and partly +because there is often danger in mistaking the names for the sounds of +the letters. + +Regarding the pronunciation of Irish letters, and of the Gaelic language +generally, the fullest and most open enunciation is required. The +vowels must be sounded as in Italian or French; the consonants, as in +German or Spanish. This open, full sounding of the letters enables +foreigners to learn to speak Irish more correctly and more readily than +English-speaking people; for, of all spoken languages, the pronunciation +of the English is the most opposite to that of Irish. + + +SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTS. + +The letters _b_, _f_, _m_, _n_, _p_, and _r_, except when aspirated, are +sounded like their English analogues. _C_ is never at all pronounced like +_s_ or _ch_ soft, but always hard like _k_; _d_, like _dh_; _g_ hard, as +in _get_; and _l_, generally, like the first _l_ in William. + +More variable, however, is _s_. Before or after the vowels _e_ or _i_, it +is most generally sounded like _sh_, there being but a single exception +to the rule, and this occurs in the word _is_—the third person singular +present indicative of the assertive form of the verb _to be_, which is +pronounced _is_, and not _ish_. Before or after _a_, _o_, _u_, it takes +simply the sound of _s_ in _soon_, the demonstrative pronoun _so_, this, +being in Connaught, where it is pronounced _sho_, the only exception. + + +SOUNDS OF THE VOWELS. + +_A_ long, as in _wâll_, has the broad sound as in English; _a_ short, +that of a in _băt_. There is a third sound, very common in the South and +West of Ireland, corresponding to the sound of _a_ in _whät_. + +_E_ long is sounded as in _whêre_, _e_ short, as in _whĕn_; _i_ long, as +_ee_ in _pîque_, _i_ short, as in _pĭck_; _o_ long, as in _tōld_, _o_ +short as in _gŏt_; _u_ long, as in _rūle_, _u_ short, as in _fûll_. + +Vowels are divided into _broad_ and _slender_. The _broad_ are _a_, _o_, +_u_; the _slender_ are _e_, _i_. + + +UNION OF VOWELS, AND THEIR SOUNDS. + +Two vowels coming together constitute a _diphthong_; three, a +_triphthong_. In Irish there are _thirteen_ diphthongs and _five_ +triphthongs. Of the former, _six_ are always long, or naturally so, and +the remainder naturally short, but becoming long when accented. The long +diphthongs, as they are invariably long, require no accent. The _seven_ +short need the presence of this character to show that their sound is, in +the case so designated, to be pronounced long. + +The long diphthongs are:—_ae_, _ao_, _eo_, _eu_, _ia_, and _ua_. + + +SOUNDS OF THE SIX LONG DIPHTHONGS. + +_Ae_ is sounded like _ae_ in the Latin word _Musæ_; _ao_, usually like +_ee_ in _queer_, except in Munster where it has the sound of the first +_e_ in _there_; _eo_, like _eo_ in the proper noun _Keon_; _eu_, long, +like _ai_ in _wail_; _ia_, like _ee_ in _teem_; _ua_, like _ooe_ in +_wooer_. + + +SOUNDS OF THE SEVEN SHORT DIPHTHONGS. + +_Ai_, accented, is equivalent to the sound of _awi_ in the English word +_sawing_, being nothing more than the combined sounds _â_ and _ĭ_; _ai_, +not accented, has the sound of _ai_ in the French _taille_, cut, and +is hard to be learned by an English-speaking student; _ea_, accented, +is sounded like _ea_ in _swear_, unaccented, like the same letters in +_heart_; _ei_, accented, like _ei_ in _deign_, unaccented, like _e_ in +_den_; _io_, accented, like _ee_ in _green_, unaccented, like _i_ in +_grin_; _iu_, accented, like _iew_ in _review_, unaccented, like _oo_ in +_blood_; _oi_, accented, like _oi_ in _boil_, unaccented, like _u_ in +_shut_; _ui_, like _ui_ in _fruit_, unaccented, like _ui_ in _quiet_. + + +TRIPHTHONGS, AND THEIR SOUNDS. + +All the triphthongs—_aoi_, _eoi_, _iai_, _iui_, _uai_—are pronounced +long, and differ but little in their sounds from those of the long +diphthongs from which they are formed. They differ mainly in two +particulars—first, in a slight prolongation of the diphthongal sound; +secondly, in imparting to the immediately succeeding consonant, on +account of its nearness to the slender vowel _i_, a liquid, slender +sound, which it would not otherwise receive. _Aoi_ is sounded like _uee_ +in _Queen_; _iai_, like the diphthong _ia_ (_ee_), except that the final +_i_ gives to the consonant that follows a slender or liquid sound; _iui_, +like _eeyu_, sounds that cannot be represented in English, as heard in +the Irish word _ciuin_, pronounced _keeyuin_, in one syllable. + + +ASPIRATED CONSONANTS. + +We come now to consider the twelve Irish consonants. Of these +consonants—_l_, _n_, _r_—never alter their primitive or radical sounds. +The remaining nine do change their radical sounds to those of cognate +nature. + +This change, arising from a rough breathing after the vowel sound, +is properly called _aspiration_, as it merely modifies, rather than +destroys, as is sometimes erroneously supposed, the sound of the +consonant. The notation for the aspirate is indicated by an accent (´) or +_h_. + +_Ṕ_ (asp.) is equivalent to _ph_ or _f_. _B́_, before or after _e_ or +_i_, to _v_; but before or after _a_, _o_, _u_, to _w_. + +_Ḿ_, before or after _e_ or _i_, to _v_; before or after _a_, _o_, _u_, +to _w_, with a slightly nasal sound. + +_F́_ is usually silent; in some words, however, it has the sound of _h_. + +_Ć_, like _ch_ in _och_, or the Greek letter _chee_. Before _a_, _o_, or +_u_ it has the former sound, which is that of the German _ch_; but before +_e_ or _i_, it invariably takes the latter sound. + +_Ǵ_, in the beginning of a word, if before the vowels _a_, _o_, _u_, has +the guttural sound _gh_; but before _e_ or _i_, it is sounded like _y_. +At the end, or in the middle of words, it has no other power than that of +prolonging the sound of the preceding vowel. + +_D́_ has a thick, guttural sound, very analogous to _g_. In the beginning +of a word, before _e_ or _i_, it has exactly the sound of _y_; but in +the middle, or at the end, it has the force of _g_, that is, it merely +lengthens the sound of the preceding vowel or diphthong. + +_T́_ loses its power as a consonant, and has the force of _h_. + +_Ś_ has the sound of _k_; _s_, final, is never aspirated. + + +DERIVATIVE NOUNS. + +Derivative Nouns in Irish are _personal_ or _abstract_. + +Personal Nouns end in _ōir_, _aire_, _ai_, _aid́_, and are produced from +primitive nouns, or past participles. + +The terminations _ōir_, _aire_, are supposed to be broken forms of +the word _fear_, pronounced _fär_, a man. If so, then _fear_ must be +considered as the root of the Latin ending _or_, and of the English +suffix _er_. + +Abstract Nouns terminate in _as_ or _eas_, masculine; in _aćt_, feminine; +or in the genitive case singular feminine of adjectives. + +Diminutives are formed from nouns and adjectives, and end in _an_, +masculine; in _în_, masculine or feminine; in _ōg_, feminine. + +Many words that are not diminutives end in _an_. + +Other words terminating in _an_, from _tan_, time, or from _tain_, +possessions, are of this class. _Iat́_, a region, a territory, is, in its +fragmentary form _ia_, the termination of almost all the Latin names of +places that have that ending. + +From the active signification of the ending _ać_, and from the meaning of +the term _neać_, an individual, an agent, of which _ać_ is apparently a +mere fragment, adjectives with this suffix become personal nouns, and as +such are expressive of office, action, or individuality. + + +SOUNDS OF CERTAIN TERMINATIONS. + +In Connaught, final _ead́_ is pronounced like _oo_ in English; in +Munster, like _a_. As the final syllable of the imperfect tense of verbs, +it is pronounced incorrectly in Munster, and in some districts in the +southern parts of Connaught, like guttural _agh_. + +Generally, _ad́_ final, in words of two or more syllables, is pronounced +like _ead́_; in Munster, like unaccented _a_; and, in Connaught and +Ulster, like English _oo_. But in words of one syllable and their +compounds, however, the Munster pronunciation is not only adopted in the +South, but also in the West and North of Ireland. + +In Kilkenny, Waterford, and Tipperary, the diphthongs _ea_, _io_, and +sometimes _iu_, are incorrectly pronounced like _ow_ on coming before +_l_, _m_, and _n_. + +In the words _bean_, a woman, _bard_, a poet, and _bord_, a table, the +initial consonant _b_, when not preceded by the possessive pronouns +singular, is not aspirated. Put, however, these pronouns, excepting the +feminine, before the same words, and _b_ immediately assumes the aspirate +sound; that is, it is pronounced like _v_, if _e_ or _i_ follow, and like +_w_, if _a_, _o_, or _u_ follow. + + + + +NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION. + + +A. + +_Adaire._ _A_ for _an_, the; _dair_, oak. The oak; hence, strong, +powerful, robust. _Adare_, from the same. + +_Aincy._ _Ain_, a circle; _neać_, corrupted into _ey_, an individual, an +agent. + +_Aitken._ _Ait_, pleasure, fancifulness; _ceann_, head. Mental delight. + +_Alncy._ _Aluin_, beautiful; _neać_, an individual. A pleasing person. + +_Arran._ _Ara_, kidney; _an_ for _tan_, land, riches, possessions in land +or stock. Land of the kidney. + +_Ardry._ _Ard_, chief; _riǵ_ (_ree_), king. Head king or ruler. +_Awrdry_, of like derivation. + + +B. + +_Baine._ _Baine_, milk, from the adjective _bân_, white. Milk. Bain, +contracted from the original name. + +_Baile._ _Bâile_, a town, a village. + +_Bailey._ _Bâile_, a town; _lać_, a broken form of _lućt_, folk, people. +Resident of a town. + +_Baird._ _Bârd_, genitive _baird_, a poet. Offspring of a Celtic minstrel. + +_Ball._ _Bâll_, a member; one of a community, society, or association. +Baull has the same root. + +_Ballantyne._ _Bâile_, a town; _an_, of the; _tan_ or _tain_, land, +region. The town of the region. + +_Bannigan._ _Baine_, milk; _gan_, offspring, descendant. One nourished +from infancy upon milk. + +_Bannon._ _Bân_, white; _on_ for _an_, a termination indicative of +personality. A pale-faced person. + +_Barmore._ _Bârr_, top, summit, swelling tide, head; _muir_, the sea, +genitive _mâra_, of the sea. Swelling tide of the sea. + +_Barney._ _Bârr_, head; _neać_, an individual. A leader. Perhaps, the +equivalent of _bairneać_, a limpet, because found on tops (_bârr_) of +rocks when the tide has ebbed. + +_Barr._ _Bârr_, top, summit, head. + +_Barret._ _Bârr_, head; _aid́_, a suffix expressive of a personal noun. +Manager; superintendent; leader. + +_Barry._ _Bârr_, top; _aid́_, indicative of personality; originally, +_barraid́_. One at the summit; a man of eminence. + +_Baugh._ Possibly a corruption of _beać_, pronounced _bäch_, a bee. + +_Beahney._ _Beat́a_, life; _neać_, an agent. A living being. + +_Benaugh._ _Biad́_, food; _neać_, an individual. One who provides food; a +victualler. + +_Benner._ _Benn_, a mountain; _er_, a contraction for _fear_, a man. A +mountaineer. + +_Binney._ _Binn_, harmonious; _neać_, an individual. An agreeable person. + +_Bourke._ Irish for Burke. + +_Bowan._ Possibly from _buan_, lasting, enduring. + +_Bower._ _Bod́ar_, pronounced _bower_, deaf. + +_Brattan._ _Brat_, a cloak; _an_, expressing personality. A cloak-wearer; +a clergyman. + +_Breen._ _Braon_, pronounced _breen_, a drop. + +_Brennan._ _Breun_, fetid; _an_, expressive of personality. An offensive +person. + +_Britain._ _Brith_, painted, speckled; _tain_, country. The country of +the painted inhabitants. + +_Britt._ _Brith_, painted. A painted person. + +_Brock._ _Broc_, a badger. + +_Brodie._ _Brōd́_, pride, pleasure; _aid́_, implying personality. An +arrogant person; a voluptuary. + +_Brogan._ _Bro_, a hand-mill; _gan_, offspring. Offspring of a hand-mill. + + +C. + +_Cabell._ _Cab_, the mouth; _aille_, the genitive of _aill_, a cliff. The +mouth of the cliff. + +_Cahal._ In Irish _Cat́al_, from _cat́_, pronounced _cah_, battle; _al_, +support. Help in battle. + +_Caham._ _Cat́_, battle; _am_, time. Hour of battle. + +_Cahey._ _Cat́_, battle; _ać_ for _neać_, a person; possibly, _cat́ać_, +in the original. A warrior. + +_Cahill._ _Cat́_, battle; _aill_, a cliff. A battle-cliff. + +_Callan._ _Caillin_, a girl; or, perhaps, from _calla_, a hooded cloak; +_an_, a personal suffix. The wearer of a hooded cloak; a nun. Sometimes +written Callen. + +_Camm._ _Cam_, crooked, bent, curved. + +_Cameron._ _Cuimir_, a valley; _on_ for _an_, small. A small valley. + +_Camsuile._ _Cam_, bending; _suile_, genitive of _suil_, eye. Bending of +eye. + +_Cangan._ _Cean_, pronounced _cahn_, fondness; _gan_, offspring. Child of +fondness. + +_Cann._ _Cean_, fondness, affection, esteem, regard. + +_Cannon._ _Cean_, affection; _on_ for _an_, personal suffix. An +affectionate person. + +_Cannavan._ _Cean_, affection; _a b́ean_, of his woman. Fondness of his +woman. + +_Caird._ _Cara_, a friend, genitive _carad_, plural _cairde_, friends. +Carde, only another form of the word. + +_Carey._ _Car_, dear; _aid́_, a personal suffix. One that is dear, or +beloved. + +_Carlin._ _Car_, dear; _lin_, a marsh; a swamp. A highly valuable bog. + +_Carlyle._ _Car_, dear; _lile_, lily. Beloved lily. + +_Carmack._ _Car_, dear; _mac_, son. Dear son. + +_Carmichael._ _Car_, dear; Michael, a Hebrew word signifying “who is like +God.” Dear Michael. In Irish, Michael is written _Mićeal_, the genitive +of which is _Mićil_. + +_Carney._ _Carn_, a heap of stones; _neać_, personal suffix; originally +written, doubtless, _Car-neać_. A quarryman. + +_Carrell._ _Car_, dear; _aill_, a cliff. Beloved cliff. Carruill, the +primitive form of the name. + +_Carrick._ _Car_, dear; _riǵ_, a king. A dear king. Possibly, from +_carraic_, a rock. + +_Carson._ _Car_, dear; Anglo-Saxon _sun_, a son. A beloved son. + +_Carthy._ _Car_, dear; _tir_, pronounced _teer_, a country; _ać_ for +_neać_, an individual; originally _Cartać_. A beloved countryman. Carty, +corruption of the original. + +_Ceiort._ _Ceirt_, a question. + +_Claney._ _Clê_, left-handed; _neać_, individual. Left-handed individual. + +_Cloonan._ _Cluan_, a retreat; _an_, a person. One who lives in a +retreat; a hermit; an anchorite. Clunen, of like derivation. + +_Cloonas._ _Cluan_, a retreat, a cloister; Anglo-Saxon _sun_, a son. A +monk; one who lives in a monastery. + +_Clough._ _Cloć_, a stone. Cluff, Anglicised form of the name. + +_Clune._ _Cluan_, a retreat. A sequestered spot. + +_Coile._ _Coill_, wood. Coyle, a modified form of the name. + +_Colahan._ _Col_, kindred; _leat́an_, wide. Large kindred; wide circle of +relations. + +_Colgan._ _Col_, kin; _gan_, a descendant. Near relative. + +_Colman._ _Colman_, a pigeon. + +_Conley._ _Conn_, of heroes; _lać_, people. Nation of heroes. + +_Connell._ _Conn_, of heroes; _aill_, a cliff. A rampart of brave men; a +cliff of heroes. + +_Connaught._ _Connaćt_, in the original, from _conn_, of heroes; _aćt_ a +termination, like _tas_ in Latin, or _tion_ in French or English. Having +the quality of heroes. + +_Connor._ _Conn_, of heroes; _cub́ar_, fond of. Fond of heroes. + +_Corbin._ _Cor_, a knot, a union; _binn_, harmonious. A happy union; a +joyous wedlock. + +_Corbitt._ _Cor_, a knot; _bit́_, life. Wedlock. + +_Corley._ _Cor_, a knot; _lać_, people. United people. + +_Connell._ _Conn_, of heroes; _aill_, a cliff, a wall. A close, compact +body of heroes. + +_Cornell._ _Corn_, horny; _uille_, an elbow. An elbow inflexible as horn. + +_Cornwall._ _Corn_, a goblet, a drinking-cup, a tumbler, so called +because in ancient times drinking-cups were commonly made of horn +(_corn_); _aill_, a cliff. The horny cliff. + +_Cowel._ _Coćal_, a hood, a cowel, a vestment. Or, perhaps, from _cuać_, +hollow; _fal_, a cover. A hood, or hollow cover. + +_Cowgill_. _Coḿ_, together; _giolla_, a servant. Co-laborer. + +_Craig._ _Cre_, creed; _ać_, an individual. A churchman; the possessor of +a creed. + +_Cravin._ _Craob́_, a branch; _in_, denoting small. A branchlet; a twig. + +_Cree._ _Cre_, creed, earth, the symbol of faith. + +_Creegan._ _Cre_, creed; _gan_, offspring. An inheritor of a creed. + +_Creagh._ _Cre_, creed, earth; _ać_, an agent. Teacher of a creed; +cultivator of the earth. + +_Creen._ _Crion_, pronounced _creen_, withered, palsied. + +_Creenan._ _Crion_, withered; _an_, personal suffix. A palsied person. + +_Cromwell._ _Crom_, crooked; _aill_, a cliff. A crooked cliff. + +_Cronin._ _Coroin_, a crown; _in_, implying diminutiveness. A coronet; a +small crown. + +_Crowley._ _Crod́a_, pronounced _crowya_, brave; _lać_, people. +Magnanimous people. + +_Crupp._ _Crup_, a wrinkle, a contraction. + +_Currie._ _Curam_, care (applied in Irish to all over whom one has +charge); _lać_, an agent. A supervisor; a superintendent; a manager. +Curry, the commoner form of the name. + + +D. + +_Daley._ _Dall_, blind; _eać_, individual. Blind person. + +_Dall._ _Dâll_, blind, sightless. + +_Dana._ _Dana_, strong, powerful, mighty; bold, daring. + +_Darr._ _Daor_, pronounced _deer_, dear, condemned. + +_Darra._ _Daor_, dear; _a_, contraction of _neać_, an individual. A +person of wealth. + +_Darragh._ Same derivation as Darra. In certain parts of Ireland, _ać_ is +pronounced _agh_, or _ach_. Darrach is an apt illustration of the latter +sound. + +_Dearr._ _Daor_, dear. Perhaps in Darr, Darrach, etc., the _e_, in the +course of time, has been dropped for the sake of brevity, or to satisfy +the whims of the possessors of those names. + +_Deaver._ Originally _Duib́ir_, from _dub́_, black; _ir_, man. A +dark-complexioned man. + +_Deegan._ _De_, of God; _gan_, an offspring. Son of God. Degan has the +same signification. + +_Deor._ _Daor_, dear. + +_Dermod._ Originally _Diarmoid_, from _Dia_, God; _armoid_, of arms. God +of arms. + +_Dermott._ See Dermod for derivation. So intimately related are the +dentals _t_ and _d_, that it is not at all unreasonable that they should +be interchangeable. + +_Derr._ _Dair_, an oak. + +_Devlin._ _Dub́_, black; _linn_, a marsh, a swamp. + +_Dill._ _Dill_, fond, affectionate. + +_Dinnan._ _Dion_, protection; _an_, implying a person. A protegé. + +_Donahugh._ _Dona_, unhappy, bad, evil; _Hugh_, the Dutch for spirit. An +evil spirit; an unhappy disposition. + +_Donegan._ _Dona_, unhappy; _gan_, offspring. An unhappy child. + +_Donnell._ _Doḿnać_, Sunday, _aille_, of beauty. The Sunday of beauty. +Perhaps, Irish for Daniel. + +_Dooner._ _Dun_, a fort, a stronghold; _er_ for _fear_, a man. The +defender of a fort. + +_Dooley._ _Duil_, expectation; _eać_, an individual. A sanguine person. + +_Dornan._ _Dorn_, a clenched fist; _an_, denoting personality. A pugilist. + +_Duff._ _Dub́_, pronounced _dubh_ or _duv_, black. + +_Duffy._ _Dub́_, black; _eać_, an individual. A black person. + +_Dunbarton._ _Dun_, a stronghold; _barton_, a corruption of _Britain_. A +stronghold of the Britain. + +_Dunaghan._ _Dun_, a stronghold; _a_ for _an_, of the; _gean_, affection. +A stronghold of the affection. + +_Duncan._ _Dun_, a fort; _cean_, a head. The head of a fort; a chieftain. + +_Dungan._ Contraction of _Dungannon_, which, in Irish, is _Dungeanain_. +From _dun_, a stronghold; _gein_, affection; _ain_, a land. A stronghold +of the land of affection. + +_Dunkin._ _Dun_, stronghold; _cinn_, genitive of _ceann_, head. The +stronghold of the head. + +_Dundore._ _Dun_, stronghold, _de_, of; _oir_, gold. Stronghold of gold. + +_Dunmore._ _Dun_, the fort; _an_, of the; _oir_, gold; originally, +_Dun-an-oir_. The fort of the gold. + +_Dunmoulin._ _Dun_, the fort; _muillin_, a mill. The fort of the mill. + +_Dunn._ _Dun_, a fort, a stronghold, a castle, a hill, a mound. + +_Dunpatrick._ _Dun_, stronghold; _Padruic_, Patrick. The stronghold of +Patrick. + + +E. + +_Eagen._ See Egan. _Gen_ is probably a corruption of _gan_. + +_Eagin_. See Egan. _Ginn_ is the equivalent of _gan_. + +_Egan._ _Aod́_, pronounced _eey_, Hugh; _gan_, offspring. Descendant of +Hugh. _Aod́gan_, the original form. Eoghan, a corrupted phase of the word. + +_Eill._ _Eile_, _aile_, _oile_, another. + +_Eire._ _Eire_, Ireland. Eyre, a slightly altered form of the name. + +_Eirey._ _Eire_, Ireland; _ać_, an individual. An Irishman; a native of +Ireland. + +_Ennis._ _Inis_, an island. + +_Erionnach._ Originally, _Eireannac_, equivalent to _Eire_, Ireland; _an_ +of; _nać_, an individual. Native of Ireland; an Irishman. + +_Ey._ _Ad́_, pronounced _ey_, luck, fortune, chance. + + +F. + +_Fadden._ Corruption of _Padruic_, Patrick. Patrician; nobleman. + +_Fagan._ _Fat́_, cause, reason; _gan_, offspring. Result; effect; +consequence. + +_Fahan._ _Fat́_, a plain, a field; _an_, indicative of a person. A +farmer; a cultivator of the earth. + +_Fahy._ _Fat́_, reason; _ać_, an individual. A reasoner; a logician. + +_Farnell._ _Fearn_, a shield; _aille_, beautiful. A beautiful shield. + +_Farnan._ _Fearn_, a helmet; _an_, person. One who carries a helmet; a +warrior. Sometimes written Farnon. + +_Farne._ _Fearn_, a shield, genitive _fearne_. Belonging to a shield. + +_Farney._ _Fearn_, a helmet; _eać_, an individual. A knight; a warrior. + +_Fearn._ _Fearn_, a shield, a helmet. + +_Farr._ _Fear_, pronounced _far_, a man. + +_Feenan._ _Fion_, pronounced _feen_, wine; _an_, a person. Wine-merchant. + +_Feeney._ _Fion_, wine; _eać_, an agent. Wine-dealer. + +_Fei._ _Feit́_, pronounced _fāh_, a sinew. + +_Feighan._ _Feit́_, a sinew; _an_, expressive of diminutiveness. A small +sinew. + +_Fenton._ _Fiontan_, perhaps, in the original, a vineyard; from _fion_, +wine; _tan_, a land. + +_Fergus._ Originally, _Feargus_; from _fear_, a man; _gus_, a suffix +denoting towards. One tending towards manhood; a youth. + +_Fernley._ _Fearn_, a helmet; _lać_, people. A warlike people. Fernly, a +slightly abbreviated form of the same. + +_Filmore._ _File_, a poet; _Muire_, Mary. A poet devoted to Mary; one +that writes or sings of Mary. + +_Finbar._ _Fionn_, pronounced _fin_, fair, white; _barr_, summit, head. A +white summit. + +_Finnley._ _Fionn_, fair; _lać_, people. Fair people. + +_Finne._ _Fionn_, fair, white. + +_Flinn._ _Fionn_, white; _linn_, a marsh, a swamp. In allusion, +doubtless, to a summer array of white flowers. Flynn, the same word, in +slightly altered garb. + +_Fow._ _Foǵ_, reward, booty, spoil. + +_Fowne._ _Fionn_, fair. In Tipperary, Waterford, and Kilkenny, _fionn_ is +pronounced _fown_ and not _fin_ as is the case generally in Ireland. + +_Fulmer._ _Feolmar_, jealous, envious of another’s fame, reputation, or +glory. + + +G. + +_Gahn._ _Gean_, pronounced _gahn_, affection, esteem. + +_Gall._ _Gall_, a foreigner, an Englishman, a stranger. + +_Galligan._ _Gall_, genitive _gaill_, stranger; _gan_, offspring. +Descendant of the stranger. + +_Gallagher._ _Geall_, promise; _geallać_, genitive _geallaiǵ_, promise; +_er_, person. A person of promise. + +_Gallen._ _Geallan_, a linnet. + +_Galloway._ Doubtless, same as Galway. In the original _Gailliḿ_, the +town of the strangers. + +_Garrett._ _Gearroid́_, from _gearr_, short; _aod́_, compounded of _aoi_, +a being, and _De_, of God. An humble servant of God. + +_Garrity._ _Gearroid́_, Garrett; _eać_, an agent. A representative of +Garrett. + +_Garvin._ _Garb́_, pronounced _garv_, rough, rude; _in_, indicative of +personality. A rough, rude, or unlettered person. + +_Gaw._ _Gab́_, pronounced _gaw_, to conceive. + +_Gear._ _Gearr_, short, not tall. + +_Gee._ _Aod́_, pronounced _eey_, Hugh. + +_Geir._ _Gair_, gladness, merriment, rejoicing. + +_Geogh._ _Ge_, a goose; _ać_, an agent. One that acts like a goose; a +silly person. Geough, Gough, of kindred origin. + +_Geugan._ _Geug_, a branch; _an_, a diminutive. A branchlet. Geugen, +doubtless, earliest change from the ancient form. + +_Gilchrist._ _Giolla_, a servant, one devoted to another; _Criosd_, +Christ. A servant of Christ; one devoted to Christianity. + +_Gill._ _Giolla_, a servant, one devoted to another’s interests; a menial. + +_Gilmartin._ _Giolla_, a servant; _martin_, Martin. + +_Gilmore._ Originally, _giolla—Muire_; _giolla_, a servant; _Muire_, +Mary. One devoted to Mary. + +_Ginn._ _Ginn_, an offspring, a descendant. + +_Ginnelly._ _Ginn_, offspring; _aille_, of a cliff, the genitive of +_aill_. The fruit of a cliff. + +_Glass._ _Glas_, green. + +_Glassy._ _Glas_, green; _eać_ an individual. An inexperienced person. + +_Gleason._ _Gle_, pure; _gleas_, purity; _on_, implying a person. A +chaste person. + +_Glennessy._ _Glinn_, clear; _eas_, denoting quality, equivalent to +_ness_; _y_ for _neać_, an individual. A clear-sighted person. + +_Glenny._ _Glean_, a valley; _eać_, an individual. A dweller in a valley. + +_Glinn._ _Glinn_, the bright heavens. Home of the Blessed. Glynn, of like +significance. + +_Gorman._ _Gorm_, blue; _an_, expressive of person. A blue-eyed person. + +_Grane._ _Graine_, grain. + +_Greany._ _Grian_, pronounced _green_, sun; _neać_, an agent. Sun-god. + +_Grogan._ _Gruag_, hairy; _an_, denoting a person. A hairy person. +Grugan, derivable from the same roots. + +_Guill._ _Giolla_, a servant, a menial. + +_Guinan._ _Guin_, wound, hurt, sting, from _ga_, an arrow, and _an_, a +circle, an opening; _an_, a personal suffix. A sufferer; a wounded man. + +_Guinn._ _Guin_, an opening, a wound. + +_Guiness._ Irish for Æneas, a corruption of _Mac Anǵuis_, which latter +being the genitive of _Aonǵus_, pronounced _eny-as_, the equivalent of +Angus. + +_Guire._ Contraction of Maguire, which is traceable to _maǵ_, plain; +_uire_, a contraction of _Muire_, Mary. Plain of Mary. + +_Gunn._ _Guin_, a wound, by dropping _i_, and doubling its final +consonant, becomes the word under consideration. + +_Gwin._ Anglicised form of Guin. Gwinn, Gwynn, and Gynn are referable to +the same word. + + +H. + +_Hallahan._ _At́_, a ford; _leat́an_, wide. In Irish, pure and simple, +the vowels are never aspirated, but in certain parts of Ireland, as +before stated, the English habit prevails, as is attested to by the word +under notice. + +_Heany._ Anglo-Saxon _hean_, humble; _neać_, an individual. An humble +person. + +_Hinch._ _Leat́-inse_, from _leat́_, pronounced _leh_, half, and _inse_, +pronounced _insh_, island, the final consonant of the first half of the +word being carried over to the remaining portion: hence, Le Hinch, or the +half-island. + +_Hugh._ _Aod́_, pronounced _eey_, is its Irish equivalent: in the Dutch, +its parental language, it signifies mind, spirit. + + +I. + +_Innis._ _Inis_, an island. Innis is only another phase of the same word. + +_Ireland._ _Eire_, west, and _land_. West-land. + + +J. + +_Jarlath._ _Jarflait́_, from _iar_, inferior; _flait́_, a prince, a +chief, one in rank next to a chieftain or prince. A feudatory prince. + +_Jarley._ _Iar_, inferior; _lać_, people. Perhaps, derivable from +_jarla_, an earl. + +_Jennings._ Corruption of _Mac Eonin_, which is compounded of _mac_, son; +_Eonin_, young Owen, or John. Son of John. + + +K. + +_Kahn._ _Cean_, pronounced _kahn_, fondness, regard. Kahne, referable to +the same root. + +_Kame._ _Ceim_, pronounced _kame_, step, grade, dignity. + +_Kane._ _Cain_, reproach, chaste, undefiled. + +_Kean._ _Ciuin_, pronounced _keeyuin_, calm, gentle. + +_Kearney._ _Carn_, pronounced _karn_, a heap of stones; _cać_, an agent. +So also Karney. + +_Keefe._ _Caoiḿ_, pronounced _kueev_, gentle. + +_Keegan._ _Kee_, contraction of _Mac Aoid́_, son of Hugh; _gan_, +offspring. Descendant of the son of Hugh. + +_Keenys._ _Ciuin_, gentle; _eas_, a termination expressive of quality. +Gentleness. + +_Kelley._ _Cailleać_, a woman in a hood. The _calla_ was generally worn +by the old, and hence the term _cailleac_ came to signify an old woman, a +hag. + +_Kenallay._ _Cineal_, pronounced _knawl_, a race, clan; _ać_, an +individual. A clansman; one who belongs to a clan. + +_Kennard._ _Ceann_, pronounced _ken_, head; _ard_, top, summit. Top of +the head. + +_Kenna._ _Ceanna_, genitive of _ceann_, belonging to the head. + +_Kent._ _Ceantir_, compounded of _ceann_, head; _tir_, country. Head of +the country. + +_Kehoe._ _Ceo_, pronounced _keogh_, darkness. Keogh, similarly derived. + +_Keohne._ _Ceo_, darkness; _ain_, a circle, genitive _aine_, of a circle. +Darkness of the circle. + +_Keonen._ _Mac Eonin_, from _Mac_, son, and _Eonin_, young Owen. Son of +young Owen. + +_Kevin._ _Caoiḿǵein_, from _caoiḿ_, gentle, and _gein_, an offspring. +A gentle child. + +_Kiernan._ _Ciaran_, from _ciar_, black; _an_, expressing personality, +and indicative of a noun derived from an adjective. A black person. + +_Kilgore._ _Cill_, church; _gâir_ rejoicing, merriment. + +_Kilbritain._ _Cill_, church; _Brith_, painted; _tain_, country. The +church of the country of the painted inhabitants. + +_Kineal._ _Cin_, of the head, source; _al_, offspring. Clan; class; race; +progeny. + +_Kincaid._ _Cionn_, affection, regard; _cead_, first. First love; +earliest affection. + +_Kinkora._ _Cionn_, love; _cora_, genitive of _coir_, justice. Love of +justice. + +_Kinnear._ _Cionn_, affection; _fear_, a man. An affectionate man. + +_Kinney._ _Cionn_, pronounced _kin_, esteem, regard; _neać_, an +individual. A person of esteem. Kinnie, of like derivation. + +_Kirin._ _Ciaran_, from _ciar_, black; _an_, implying person. A black +person. + +_Kirwin._ _Ciard́ub́an_, a swarthy, black-haired person. + +_Krean._ _Crion_, pronounced _kreen_, withered, palsied. + +_Kueney._ _Ciuin_, gentle, mild; _neać_, an individual. A mild person. + +_Kynett._ _Cionn_, pronounced in certain parts _kynn_, affection; _aid́_, +sign of a personal noun. An affectionate person. + + +L. + +_Langdon._ _Loing_, of ships; _dion_, a harbor. A harbor of ships. + +_Leahy._ _Leat́an_, pronounced _leahan_, wide; _an_, denoting +personality. A large person. + +_Lillagan._ _Lile_, genitive of _lil_, lily; _gan_, offspring. Descendant +of a lily. + +_Limerick._ _Luimneać_, from _luime_, or _loime_, bareness; _neać_, for +_na eać_, of the horses. Bareness of the horses. The original possessor +of this name was, doubtless, a native of the town of the same name, which +was built on a peninsula made bare by the many horses sent thither to +graze. + +_Linn._ _Linn_, a marsh, a swamp. + +_Linnehan._ _Linn_, a marsh; _leat́an_, wide. A broad marsh. Linahan and +Linehan are from the same roots. + +_Linch._ _Leat́-inse_, _leat́_, half; _inse_, island. Half-island. Lynch +has like derivation. + +_Linton._ _Linn_, a marsh; _ton_, from _tun_, Anglo-Saxon for town. A +town built on a marsh. + +_Loch._ _Loć_, pronounced _loch_, _lokh_, _logh_, a lake. + +_Long._ _Long_, a ship. Not to be mistaken for the Anglo-Saxon _long_, or +_lang_, having length. The typical Longs were of Celtic origin. + +_Loughlin._ _Loć_, lake; _linn_, a marsh. A lake within a marsh. + +_Loughry._ _Loć_, lake; _riǵ_, pronounced _reegh_, or _reey_, king. The +lake of the king. Lowry, an abbreviation of the name. + +_Lunn._ _Luan_, the moon. + + +M. + +_McAdam._ _Mac_, son; Hebrew word _Adam_, a red, or dark-brown man. + +_McAdoo._ _Mac_, son; _Ad́aḿ_, pronounced either _Adk-oo_ or _Awoo_, +Adam. Son of Adam. + +_MacAlister._ _Mac_, son; _Alister_, Alexander. Son of Alexander. +MacAllister, of the same parentage. + +_Mac Aller._ _Mac_, son; _alla_, a cliff; _er_, a man. Son of a +cliff-dweller. + +_McAlonan._ _Mac_, son; _aluin_, beautiful; _an_, sign of personal noun. +Son of a beautiful person. + +_McAlvin._ _Mac_, son; _Alvin_, corruption of _Alban_, genitive case of +Alba, Scotland. Son of Scotland. + +_McAnally._ _Mac_, son; _anail_, genitive of _anal_, breath; _ać_, an +individual. Son of the breath of a person. McNally, only an abbreviated +form of the same. + +_McAndrew._ _Mac_, son; _Andrew_, a Greek word meaning strong, manly. Son +of the strong. MacAndrias is the Irish form, from which are obtainable +Anderson and Andrews. + +_McArdle._ _Mac_, son; _ard_, high; _le_, contraction of _aille_, +genitive of _aill_, a cliff. Son of a high cliff. + +_McAran._ _Mac_, son; _arain_, genitive of _aran_, bread. Son of bread. + +_McArty._ _Mac_, son; _art_, pronounced _awrt_, a place; _eać_, an +individual. Son of a man of the place. + +_McAteer._ _Mac_, son; _an_, of the; _tir_, pronounced _teer_, country. +Son of the country; a countryman. + +_McAva._ _Mac_, son; _Eb́a_, pronounced _Awa_, which is corrupted into +_Ava_. Son of Eve. + +_McAuley._ _Mac_, son; _caille_, genitive of _caille_, fame; _eać_, an +individual. Son of a famous person. + +_McBeth._ _Mac_, son; _beith_, genitive of _beth_, a house. Son of the +house. Macbeth is another form of the same name. + +_McBreen._ _Mac_, son; _braone_, pronounced _breen_, genitive of _braon_, +a drop. Son of a drop. + +_McBrian._ _Mac_, son; _Brian_, corruption of _Britain_. Son of the +country of the Brith, or painted people. + +_McBronn._ _Mac_, son; _bronn_, genitive of _bruinn_, a womb. Son of a +womb. + +_McBryde._ _Mac_, son; Anglo-Saxon _bryd_; Irish genitive _bryde_, of +bride. Son of a bride. + +_McBurney._ _Mac_, son; _bur_, an inner chamber; _neać_, an individual. +Son of the inner chamber of a person. + +_MacCabe._ _Mac_, son; _cabe_, genitive of _cab_, a mouth. Son of a mouth. + +_MacCalla._ _Mac_, son; _alla_, a cliff, the final _c_ of _mac_ being +carried over to _alla_. Son of a cliff. + +_McCallan._ _Mac_, son; _calla_, a hood, genitive same; _an_, indicative +of personality. Son of the wearer of a hood; son of a nun. + +_McCambridge._ _Mac_, son; _cam_, treacherous; Scottish _brig_, a bridge. +Son of the keeper of a treacherous bridge. + +_McCammon._ _Mac_, son; _camm_ or _cam_, deceitful; _on_ for _an_, +denoting a person. Son of a deceitful person. + +_McCamy._ _Mac_, son; _cam_, deceitful; _eać_, an individual. Son of a +deceitful person. + +_McCardle._ _Mac_, son; _ard_, high; _aille_, genitive of _aill_, a +cliff. Son of a high cliff. + +_McCarne._ _Mac_, son; _carn_, a heap of stones; _neać_, an individual. +Son of a heap of stones. + +_McCarroll._ _Mac_, son; _carruill_, from _car_, dear, beloved; _uille_, +genitive of _uill_ or _aill_, a cliff. Son of the beloved cliff. + +_McCaughan._ _Mac_, son; _caiǵ_, genitive of _cat́_, a warrior; _an_, a +diminutive. Son of a short warrior. + +_McCaull._ _Mac_, son; _caille_, genitive of _caill_, fame. Son of fame. +McCaulley, from the same. + +_McCaw._ _Mac_, son; _cat́_, pronounced _cah_, corrupted, doubtless, into +_caw_, battle. Son of battle. + +_McCeever._ _Mac_, son; _caoiḿ_, gentle; _fear_, a man. Son of a gentle +man. + +_MacClean._ _Mac_, son; _lean_, pronounced _lane_, a marsh. Son of a +marsh. MacClaon and MacClane, of similar origin. + +_McCleary._ _Mac_, son; _cleireać_, pronounced _clêary_, a superannuated +clergyman. Son of a superannuated clergyman. + +_McCleil._ _Mac_, son; _lile_, genitive _lil_, a lily. Son of a lily. + +_McClow._ _Mac_, son; _cloiće_, pronounced _clokh_, genitive of _cloć_, a +stone. Son of a stone. + +_McClune._ _Mac_, son; _cluain_, genitive of _cluan_, a retreat. Son of a +retreat. McCloon, corruption of same. + +_McColey._ _Mac_, son; _col_, kindred; _eać_, an individual. Son of a +relative. + +_McConkle._ _Mac_, son; _conn_, of heroes; _caille_, genitive of _caill_, +fame. Son of heroes of fame. + +_McConn._ _Mac_, son; _conn_, of heroes. Son of heroes. + +_McConnolly._ _Mac_, son; _conn_, of heroes; _aille_, genitive of _aill_, +a cliff. Son of the heroes of a cliff. + +_McCool._ _Mac_, son; _cuile_, pronounced _kool_, the genitive of _cul_, +the hinder part. Son of the hinder part. + +_McCorkle._ _Mac_, son; _Corcaiǵ_, Cork; _aille_, genitive of _aill_, a +hill. Son of a hill of Cork. + +_McCosh._ _Mac_, son; _coise_, pronounced _coshe_, genitive of _cos_, a +foot. Son of a foot. + +_McCotis._ _Mac_, son; _cotis_, genitive case of the Latin _cos_, a +grindstone. Son of a grindstone. + +_McCrea._ _Mac_, son; _cre_, pronounced _cra_, of creed. Son of a creed. +From the same roots is derived McCray. + +_McCreary._ _Mac_, son; _cre_, of earth; _riǵe_, of king. Son of the +King of the earth. + +_McCritt._ _Mac_, son; _cruite_, genitive of _cruit_, a hump. Son of a +hump. + +_McCrossin._ _Mac_, son; _croise_, genitive of _cros_, a cross; _in_, +diminutive. Son of a small cross. + +_McCrum._ _Mac_, son; _croime_, crookedness, a noun derived from the +adjective _crom_. Son of waywardness. + +_McCrunn._ _Mac_, son; Scotch _croon_, a groan. Son of a groan. + +_McCrystal._ _Mac_, son; _criostail_, genitive of _criostal_, a crystal. +Son of a crystal. + +_McCully._ _Mac_, son; _cuile_, genitive of _cul_, the hinder part; +_eać_, an individual. Son of a person’s hinder part. + +_McCullough._ _Mac_, son; _cuile_, genitive of _cul_, the hinder part; +_loiće_, genitive of _loć_, a lake. Son of the lake of the hinder part. + +_McCummisky._ _Mac_, son; _cuimin_, of valley; _uisge_, genitive of +_uisge_, water. Son of the valley of water. + +_McCurdy._ _Mac_, son; _coire_, pronounced _kŭrh_, genitive of _coir_, +crime, sin; _d_, of; _eać_, individual. Son of the original sin of man; +son of Adam’s fall. + +_McDavit._ _Mac_, son; _Daib́id́_, pronounced occasionally _Daivit_, but +more commonly _Dâvee_, of David. Son of David. McDevitt, from same. + +_McDermott._ _Mac_, son; _Diarmuid_, from _Dia_, God, _armuid_, of arms. +Son of the God of arms. + +_McDiarmuid._ _Mac_, son; _Diarmuid_, God of arms. Son of the God of arms. + +_McDill._ _Mac_, son; _dille_, genitive of _dill_, fondness. Son of +fondness. + +_Mac Donnell._ _Mac Doḿnaill_, in the original, from _mac_, son; +_Doḿnaill_, genitive of _Doḿnall_, Donnell. Son of Donnell; Son of the +Sunday of Beauty; Son of the Resurrection; Son of God. See Donnell. + +_McDonough._ _Mac_, son; _donaiǵ_, genitive of _donać_, an unhappy +person. Son of an unhappy person. + +_Mac Dowell._ _Mac_, son; _doḿan_, the world, genitive _doḿain_, of the +world; _aille_, of beauty. Son of the World of Beauty; Son of Heaven. + +_Mac Egan._ _Mac_, son; _Aod́gan_, pronounced _Eeygan_, of Egan, the +Irish equivalent of Hugh. The son of Hugh. + +_McElway._ _Mac_, son; _Elway_, a corruption of _Gailliḿ_, Galway. Son +of Galway, the town of the strangers. + +_McEnnery._ _Mac_, son; _Henri_, genitive of _Henri_, Henry. Son of Henry. + +_McFadden._ _Mac_, son; _Fadden_ is the same as _Padden_, which is a +corruption of _Padruic_, Patrick, a Latin word for patrician. Son of +Patrick. Fitzpatrick, so common in the Celtic, has the same signification. + +_McFarlan._ _Mac_, son; _fara_, genitive of _fear_, a man; _lain_, of a +castle, the nominative singular being _lan_. Son of the man of the castle. + +_McFaul._ _Mac_, son; _fâile_, genitive of _fâil_, fate. Son of fate. + +_Mcfee._ _Mac_, son; _faoi_, genitive of _faoi_, faith. Son of faith. + +_MacFeeley._ _Mac_, son; _fialaiǵ_, genitive of _fialać_, a generous +person. Son of a generous person. + +_McFetridge._ _Mac_, son; _Fetter-rice_, from Anglo-Saxon _fetor_, a +chain for the feet, and _rice_, dominion. Son of a dominion in chains, or +that is in bondage. + +_Mac Gahan._ _Mac_, son; _geain_, genitive of _gean_, affection. Son of +affection. McGahn, McGhan, are equivalents. + +_McGail._ _Mac_, son; _gaille_, genitive of _gail_, steam. Son of steam. + +_McGarry._ _Mac_, son; _gearraiǵ_, genitive of _gearrać_, a short +person. Son of a short person. McGarey, McGary, McGeary, are of similar +origin. + +_McGarvey._ _Mac_, son; _garb́eaiǵ_, pronounced _garvey_, genitive of +_garb́eać_, a rough person. Son of a rough person. + +_McGaver._ _Mac_, son; _gab́air_, of a goat. Son of a goat. + +_McGee._ _Mac_, son; _Aod́_, pronounced _eey_, Hugh. Son of Hugh. + +_McGill._ _Mac_, son; _giolla_, genitive of _giolla_, a servant. Son of a +servant. + +_McGlinn._ _Mac_, son; _glinne_, genitive of _glinn_, the bright heavens. +Son of the bright heavens. Sometimes spelt McGlynn. + +_McGloon._ _Mac_, son; _gluin_, pronounced _gloon_, genitive of _glun_, +the knee. Son of the knee. McGlone, McGlune, from the same. + +_McGlory._ _Mac_, son; _gloireaiǵ_, pronounced _gloireay_, genitive of +_gloireać_, a glorified person, or saint. Son of a glorified person. + +_McGowan._ _Mac_, son; _gob́an_, pronounced _gowan_, genitive of _gob́a_, +a smith. Son of a smith. + +_McGrane._ _Mac_, son; _grain_, genitive of _grân_, a grain. Son of a +grain. McGran, McGrann, equivalents. + +_MacGrath._ _Mac_, son; _graid́e_, genitive of _grad́_, love. Son of love. + +_MacGraw._ _Mac_, son; _graid́e_, pronounced _grath_ or _graw_, love. Son +of love. + +_McGrenery._ _Mac_, son; _greine_, genitive of _grian_, sun; _riǵ_, +pronounced _ry_ or _ree_, king. Son of the sun-king. + +_McGuinn._ _Mac_, son; _guine_, genitive of _guin_, a wound, an opening, +a circle. Son of an opening. + +_McGuinness._ Corruption of MacAnguis, the son of Anguis, Irish for Æneas. + +_McGuire._ _Mac_, son; _Maǵ-Muire_, from _maǵ_, plain, _Muire_, of +Mary. Son of the plain of Mary. + +_McGurk._ _Mac_, son; _gurke_, German for cucumber. Son of a cucumber. + +_McHallahan._ _Mac_, son; _T́alla_, genitive, of hall; _leat́an_, wide. +Son of a wide hall. + +_MacHugh._ _Mac_, son; _Aod́_, Hugh. Son of Hugh. From this name have +sprung M’Coy, M’Gee, M’Kay, M’Coy, and Magee. _Ua Aoid́_, descendant of +Hugh, has given us Hughson and Hughes. + +_MacHulay._ _Mac_, son; _Aoid́_, of Hugh; _lać_, people. Son of Hugh’s +people. + +_McInnis._ _Mac_, son; _inis_, an island. Son of an island. + +_McInteer._ _Mac_, son; _in_ for _an_, of the; _tir_, pronounced _teer_, +country. Son of the country. McIntyre, the usual spelling, is from the +same roots. + +_McKaig._ _Mac_, son; _coige_, genitive of _coig_, war. Son of war. + +_McKane._ _Mac_, son; _caine_, genitive of _cain_, the undefiled. Son of +the undefiled. + +_McKeefy._ _Mac_, son; _caoiḿeaiǵ_, genitive of _caoiḿeać_, a gentle +person. Son of a gentle person. + +_McKeene._ _Mac_, son; _ciuine_, of silence. Son of silence. + +_MacKeever._ _Mac_, son; _caoiḿ_, gentle; _er_ for _fear_, a man. Son of +a gentle man. + +_MacKiernan._ _Mac_, son; _ciarain_, genitive of _ciaran_, a dusky +person. Son of a dusky person. + +_McKieman._ _Mac_, son; _caoiḿ_, gentle; _an_, implying person. Son of a +gentle person. + +_McKim._ _Mac_, son; _caoiḿ_, gentle. Perhaps, a contraction of McKieman. + +_McKinney._ _Mac_, son; _Kinney_, from _cionn_, pronounced _kin_, +affection, esteem; _eać_, an individual. Son of Kinney. + +_McKnight._ _Mac_, son; _cnioćta_, genitive of _cnioćt_, a knight. Son of +a knight. + +_MacKeon._ _Mac_, son; _Eoin_, genitive of _Eon_, Owen or Eugene. Son of +Owen or Eugene. MacKoun, Keon, Coyne, Owens, and Owenson, are all from +the same roots. + +_McLain._ _Mac_, son; _leune_, pronounced _laine_, genitive of _leun_, +misfortune, misery. Son of misfortune. + +_McLuth._ _Mac_, son; _luait́_, genitive of _luat́_, swiftness. Son of +swiftness. + +_McMain._ _Mac_, son; _miain_, genitive of _mian_, desire. Son of desire. + +_McMam._ _Mac_, son; _maim_, genitive of _mam_, a mother. Son of a mother. + +_McMillin._ _Mac_, son; _muillin_, of a mill. Son of a mill. McMullin, +from the same. + +_McMinn._ _Mac_, son; _min_, genitive of _min_, pronounced _mĭn_, meal. +Son of meal. + +_McMurrich._ _Mac_, son; _murraiǵ_, genitive of _murrać_, a man of the +sea. Son of a seafaring man. + +_McNarr._ _Mac_, son; _nairr_, Irish genitive of the German _narr_, a +fool. Son of a fool. + +_McNamara._ _Mac_, son; _na_, of the; _mara_, genitive of _muir_, the +sea. Son of the sea. + +_McNamee._ _Mac_, son; _anaim_, genitive of _anam_, a soul; _ee_ for +_eać_, an individual. Son of a person of soul; a generous person. + +_McPadruic._ _Mac_, son; _Padruic_, Patrick. Son of Patrick. Fitzpatrick +has the same significance, _fitz_ being the Scotch for son. + +_McPayne._ _Mac_, son; _payne_, from old English _payne_, pain. Son of +pain. + +_McPhail._ _Mac_, son; _fâile_, genitive of _fâil_, fate. Son of fate. + +_McQuade._ _Mac_, son; Dutch _kwade_, genitive _kwaide_, evil. Son of +evil. + +_MacQueen._ _Mac_, son; Anglo-Saxon _quean_, a woman, allied to Irish +_gein_, an offspring. Son of the Queen. + +_McQuigan._ _Mac_, son; _caoi_, pronounced _kwee_, wailing; _gan_, +offspring. Son of lamentation. + +_McQuillan._ _Mac_, son; _cuilleain_, genitive of _cuillean_, a cur. Son +of a cur. Quillen, Quillan and Quilkin, of like derivation. + +_McRae._ _Mac_, son; _rae_, pronounced like _ray_, genitive of _rae_, the +moon. Son of the moon; one influenced by the moon; a lunatic. + +_McShain._ _Mac_, son; _Seaǵâin_, pronounced _Shawn_, genitive of +_Seaǵan_, John. Son of John. McShane, McShawn, McShaughn, of like +significance. + +_McShimon._ _Mac_, son; _Shimoin_, Simon. Son of Simon. Fitzsimon, a +kindred form. + +_McSorley._ _Mac_, son; _Soḿairle_, of Sorley, or Charles. Son of +Charles. + +_McSwain._ _Mac_, son; Scotch _swayn_, genitive _swayne_, a lover. Son of +a lover. + +_McSweegan._ _Mac_, son; _saoi_, pronounced _swee_, a sage, a +philosopher; _gan_, offspring. Son of the descendant of a philosopher. + +_McTague._ _Mac_, son; _Tad́g_, pronounced _Taig_, genitive _Taid́g_, of +Thaig. Son of Thaig. + +_McTamanney._ _Mac_, son; _tam_, still, sluggish, placid; _neac_, an +individual; originally, doubtless, _tamnać_, genitive _tamnaiǵ_. Son of +a quiet person. Tamany, Tamney, slightly modified forms of the same. + +_McTaney._ _Mac_, son; _Taney_, from _teann_, pronounced _tāne_, stiff, +straight, independent, stubborn, hopeful, strong, reliant; _ey_ for +_eać_, an individual. Son of Taney; son of an independent person. + +_McTask._ _Mac_, son; _taisg_, genitive of _tasg_, task, labor. Son of +labor. + +_McTeer._ _Mac_, son; _tir_, pronounced _teer_, country. Son of the +country. Corruption of McIntire. + +_McThomas._ _Mac_, son; _Tomais_, genitive of _Tomas_, Thomas. Son of +Thomas. Thompson, from the same, is an analogous, but inverted, form. + +_McTighe._ _Mac_, son; _tiǵe_, pronounced _tighe_, genitive of _teać_, a +house. Son of a house. + +_McTurk._ _Mac_, son; _tuirc_, genitive of _torc_, a boar, a hog. Son of +a boar. + +_McVan._ _Mac-a-b́ean_, from _mac_, son; _a_, of his; _b́ean_, pronounced +_van_, woman. Son of his woman. + +_Mackin._ _Mac_, son; _cionn_, of fondness. Son of fondness. + +_Macoun._ _Mac Eoin_, from _mac_, son; _Eoin_, of Owen. Son of Owen. +Mackuen, of similar origin. + +_Magagal._ _Maǵ-a-geall_, from _maǵ_, plain; _a_, of the; _gall_, +stranger. The plain of the stranger. + +_Magher._ _Maǵ_, pronounced _mâgh_, a plain, genitive _maiǵ_, of plain; +_er_, a man. A man of the plain. + +_Maguire._ _Maǵ_, a plain; _uire_, contraction of _Muire_, of Mary. The +plain of Mary. + +_Main._ _Mein_, mind. + +_Malone._ _Maǵ_, plain; _luain_, genitive of _luan_, pronounced _loon_, +the moon. The plain, or face of the moon. + +_Maloney._ _Maǵ_, plain; _luain_, of the moon; _neać_, individual. The +man in the face of the moon. + +_Martin._ _Martan_, from _mart_, an ox; _an_, denoting diminutiveness. A +young ox. + +_Marvin._ _Marb́_, pronounced _marv_, dead; _in_, implying personality. A +dead person. + +_Maury._ _Mâiri_, of the Mauri; _riǵ_, king. The king of the Mauri. + +_Moyall._ _Maǵ_, pronounced, occasionally, _moy_, a plain, a level +country; _aille_, of the cliff. The plain of the cliff. Sometimes written +Moyal. + +_Meehan._ _Mian_, pronounced _mee-an_, desire, the _h_ being ornamental +rather than useful. + +_Meenan._ _Mion_, pronounced _meen_, small; _an_, suffix expressive of +littleness. A small person. + +_Menough._ _Maon_, pronounced _meen_, wealth; _eać_, an individual. A +person of wealth. + +_Milnamow._ _Muillin-na-maǵ_, from _muillin_, a mill; _na_, of the; +_maǵ_, pronounced _mow_, plain. The mill of the plain. + +_Mishney._ _Misneac_, pronounced _mish-neay_, or _mishneach_, courage. + +_Miskey._ _Meisge_, pronounced _misge_, or _miske_, drunkenness. + +_Moll._ _Mol_, active verb imperative, signifying “praise thou,” + +_Molloy._ _Mol-ad́_, pronounced _moloo_, “let him praise.” + +_Morgan._ _Muir_, the sea, genitive _mara_, of the sea; _gan_, offspring. +A descendant of the sea; a mariner. + +_Mowbray._ _Maǵ_, pronounced _mow_, a plain, a level country; _braiǵ_, +pronounced _bragh_, or _bray_, genitive of _brać_, malt. The level +country of the malt. + +_Mowrey._ _Maǵ_, plain; _riǵ_, of king. The plain of the king. Mowry, +the same. + +_Moy._ _Maǵ_, sometimes pronounced _moy_, a level country. + +_Moyer._ _Maǵ_, the level country; _er_ for _fear_, a man. A man of the +level country. + +_Muir._ _Muir_, the sea. Other forms, Muire, Muhr, Moor, Moore, Murr. + +_Muirhead._ _Muir_, the sea; Anglo-Saxon _head_. Head of the sea. + +_Muirney._ _Muir_, the sea; _neać_, an individual. One that follows the +sea; a mariner. Murney, from the same roots. + +_Mulcahey._ Originally _Mulcat́aiǵ_, genitive of _Mulcat́eać_, from +_mul_, mound, _cat́aiǵ_, of warrior. Mound of a warrior. Mulcahy, +another form of spelling. + +_Mulcrone._ _Mul_, axle; _cruine_, pronounced _croon_, of the world. The +axle of the world. + +_Muldoon._ _Mul_, a mound, a knoll; _dun_, stronghold, castle. The mound +on which the castle stands. + +_Mullin._ _Muillin_, a mill. Mullen betrays like origin. + +_Mullock._ _Muillin_, a mill; _loiće_, genitive of _loć_, lake. The mill +of the lake. + +_Murdock._ _Muir_, the sea; Gothic _dok_, an inlet, a gulf. Sea-harbor. + +_Murlin._ _Muir_, the sea; _linn_, a marsh. A marsh by the sea. + +_Murray._ _Murrać_, Murragh, from _muir_, the sea, and _ać_, an +individual. A navigator; a sailor. + +_Murtagh._ _Muir_, the sea; _teać_, sometimes incorrectly pronounced +_teagh_, a house. A house by the sea; a light-house. Murtagh, Murtaugh, +indicate their kinship. + + +N. + +_Neachtan._ _Neać_, a man; _tain_, of the country. A man of the country; +a countryman; a farmer. Naughten, corrupted form of the name. + +_Nee._ _Ni_, or _niǵ_, pronounced _nee_, _neegh_, _neey_, a daughter. + +_Neeley._ _Niall_, Neill, genitive _Neill_, of Neill; _y_ for _neać_, an +individual. Child of Neill. Sometimes written Neely. + +_Neilan._ _Neill_, of Neill; _an_, denoting personality. One of the +family of Neill. Neelan and Neelen are the same. Neelans, the son of +Neelan, the final _s_ being a contraction of _sun_, Anglo-Saxon of son. + +_Neill._ _Niall_, from _ni_, a daughter; _aille_, genitive of _aill_, a +cliff. Daughter of the cliff. Neill, Neille, Niell, Nille, Neal, Neel, +Newill, Nihill, a few of the many forms of the name. + +_Neilson._ _Neill_, of Neill; Anglo-Saxon _sun_, son. The son of Neill. +Nelson, of like derivation and import. + +_Nesbit._ _Nees_, son of Nee; _bit́_, life. Life of Nees; life of the son +of Nee; life of the son of a daughter. Sometimes written Nesbitt. + +_Ney._ _Neać_, pronounced _neay_, a man. More probably from _niǵ_, a +daughter. + +_Nicoll._ _Neać_, occasionally pronounced _neach_, a man; _aille_, +genitive of _all_, a cliff. The man of the cliff. Nicol is similarly +derived. + +_Noell._ _Neul_, pronounced _na-il_, a cloud. Noel, Nowel, Newell, +cognate forms. + +_Nolan._ _Noell_, from _neul_, a cloud, and _an_, implying person. Son of +Noell; son of the cloud. Nolen, a less common form of the name. + +_Noon._ _Noin_, pronounced like _oi_ in _toil_, noon. Noone, Nune, are +forms of the same. + +_Noonan._ _Noinean_, a daisy, from _noin_, day, noon. Like the Saxon term +daisy—day’s eye—derived from day. + + +O. + +_O’Beirne._ _O_, for _ua_, a grandson, a descendant; _beirne_, genitive +of _beirn_, a child. Grandson of a child. + +_O’Brien._ _O_, descendant; _Brien_, corruption of _Britain_. Grandson of +a Briton. O’Bryan, of similar signification. + +_O’Connell._ _Ua Connaill_, from _ua_, grandson; _Connaill_ from _conn_, +of heroes, and _aille_, of a cliff. Descendant of Connell; grandson of +heroes of the cliff. + +_O’Connor._ _O_, descendant; _Connor_, from _conn_, of heroes, _cub́ar_, +fond of. Grandson of Connor; descendant of those fond of heroes. +O’Conner, slightly modified form. + +_O’Daley._ _O_, grandson; _dalaiǵ_, genitive of _dalać_, a blind fellow. +Descendant of a blind man. + +_O’Dare._ _O_, descendant; _dara_, genitive of _dair_, the oak. Grandson +of Dare. + +_O’Dea._ _O_, descendant; _Dea_, of God. Descendant of God. O’Day, an +obscure form of the name. + +_O’Donovan._ _O’Don-a-b́ean_, from _o_, grandson; _dona_, unfortunate; +_a_, of; _b́ean_, woman. Descendant of an unfortunate woman. O’Donovan, +of like significance. + +_O’Donnell._ _Ua Doḿnaill_, from _ua_, descendant; _Doḿnaill_, of +Donnell. Grandson of Donnell; a descendant of Christ. O’Donal, an +abbreviated form of the name. See McDonnell. + +_O’Farra._ _O_, descendant; _fara_, genitive of _fear_, a man. Grandson +of man. + +_O’Farrell._ _O_, grandson; _fara_, of man; _aille_, of cliff. A +descendant of the man of the cliff. + +_O’Gara._ _O_, descendant; _gara_, genitive of _gearr_, a noun derived +from an adjective of the same name, meaning shortness. Grandson of a +short person. + +_O’Gorman._ _O_, grandson; _Gorman_, a blue-eyed person. Descendant of a +blue-eyed person. + +_O’Grady._ _O_, descendant; _graid́e_, genitive of _grad́_, affection; +_y_ for _eać_, an individual. Grandson of Grady; descendant of an +affectionate person. + +_O’Hara._ _O_, grandson; _hara_, Irish genitive of the Anglo-Saxon noun +_hara_, a hare. Descendant of a hare. + +_O’Kee._ _O_, descendant; _Kee_, corruption of _Mac Aoid́_, pronounced +_Mac Eey_, son of Hugh. Grandson of the son of Hugh. + +_O’Keef._ _O_, offspring; _caoiḿ_, gentle. Descendant of the gentle. +O’Keef, O’Keeffe, analogous words. + +_O’Kelley._ _O_, descendant; _Kelley_, from _caillaiǵ_, genitive of +_cailleać_, an old woman, a hag. Grandson of an old woman. + +_O’Leary._ _O_, grandson; Anglo-Saxon _lǽr_, learning; Irish _y_ for +_eać_, an individual. Descendant of an educated person. + +_O’Lone._ _O_, descendant; _luain_, genitive of _luan_, a warrior. +Grandson of a warrior. + +_O’Lochlin._ _O_, grandson; _loiće_, genitive of _loć_, pronounced +_loch_, a lake; _linn_, a swamp. Descendant of Lochlin. O’Loughlin, +O’Laughlin, cognate terms. + +_O’Malachlyn._ _O’McLochlin_, from _o_, descendant; _McLochlin_, son of +Lochlin. Descendant of McLochlin. + +_O’Mara._ _O_, descendant; _mara_, genitive of _muir_, the sea. Offspring +of the sea. O’Meara, most generally in use. + +_O’Millin._ _O_, offspring; _muillin_, of the mill. Descendant of the +mill. O’Mullen, O’Mullane, derivable from the same roots. + +_O’Neill._ _Ua Neill_, from _ua_, grandson; _Neill_, genitive of _Niall_, +Neill. Descendant of Neill. O’Neil, O’Neal, quite commonly occur, and are +similarly derived. + +_Oram._ _Or_, gold; _am_, time. Time is gold; precious opportunity. + +_Ord._ _Ord_, order, arrangement. + +_O’Regan._ _O_, descendant; _Regan_, from _riǵ_, a king; _an_ for _tan_, +place, region. Descendant of Regan. + +_O’Reilly._ _Ua Raǵallać_, from _ua_, grandson, _riaǵail_, a rule; +_ać_, an individual. Descendant of a ruler; grandson of a king. + +_O’Rourk._ _Ua Ruarcać_, from _ua_, descendant; _rad́arc_, pronounced in +Connaught _rooarc_, sight, and _ać_, an individual. Grandson of Rourk; +descendant of a man of judgment. O’Rourke, O’Rorke, kindred names. + +_Orr._ _Or_, gold, wealth, riches. In a secondary sense, precious, +valuable. + +_O’Shaughnessy._ _O_, descendant; _Seaǵan_, pronounced _Shaughn_, +or _Shawn_, genitive _Seaǵain_, John; _nees_, _ni_, daughter, and +Anglo-Saxon _s_ for _sun_, son; _y_ for _eać_, an individual. Grandson of +a person belonging to the son of the daughter of John. O’Shannessy, of +like derivation. + +_O’Shanter._ _O_, descendant; _Seaǵain_, John’s; _ter_, from _tir_, +country. A descendant of John’s country. + +_Ossian._ _Osna_, a sigh; _n_ for _an_, denoting a personal noun. One who +sighs; a mourner. + +_O’Sullivan._ _O_, descendant; _suile_, pronounced _soo-il_, genitive of +_suil_, the eye; _i_ for _a_, his; _b́ean_, woman. + +_O’Toole._ _O_, descendant; genitive _tuile_, pronounced _too-il_, of +flood. Descendant of a flood. + +_Owen._ _Eon_, perhaps from _uan_, pronounced _oo-an_, a lamb. From _Mac +Eoin_, son of Owen, have arisen MacKeon, Keon, Coyne, Owens, and Owenson. + +_Owenson._ _Owen_, and _sun_, the Anglo-Saxon of son. Son of Owen. Owens +is the same name curtailed of the last two letters. + +_O’Weir._ _O_, descendant; Anglo-Saxon _wér_, a man, Irish genitive +_weir_. Descendant of man. + + +P. + +_Padden_, corruption of _Padruic_, Irish for Patrick. A patrician; a +nobleman. Paddin is another spelling of the name. + +_Pearson._ _Pearsan_, genitive of _pearsa_. A person. + +_Pollard._ _Poll_, a hole, a pit; _ard_, high, chief, supreme. A high +hole; a deep pit. + + +Q. + +_Quillin._ _Cuillean_, a cur. Quillen, a slightly changed, and Quill, a +largely abbreviated form of the same word. + +_Quin._ _Caoin_, pronounced _kween_, weeping, wailing. Quinn, of like +derivation. + +_Quinlivan._ _Caoin_, weeping; _luib́_, pronounced _liv_, genitive +_luib́e_, grass, weed; _an_ for _tan_, garden. A garden of weeping grass. + +_Quinney._ _Caoin_, weeping; _ney_ from _neać_, an individual. A mourner. + + +R. + +_Rainear._ _Rainn_, genitive of _rann_, song, poem, stanza; _ear_ for +_fear_, a man. A singer; a minstrel; a poet. Rainier, a name farthest +removed from the primitive form, but the one that is most generally used. + +_Rainey._ _Rainn_, genitive of _rann_, song, poem; _eać_, an individual. +A writer of songs; a poet. Raney, Reaney, cognate names. + +_Redfearn._ Anglo-Saxon _read_, red; Irish _fearn_, pronounced _fārn_, +alder-tree. The red alder-tree. + +_Regan._ _Riǵ_, king; _an_ for _tan_, possessions, country. A kingdom. +Reagan, Ragan, and, perhaps, Rogan, of like import. + +_Reilly._ _Raǵallać_, from _riaǵail_, a rule; _ać_, an agent. A ruler; +a king. Reilley, Reily, Rielly, Riley, cognate forms. + +_Richardson._ _Mac Risdeard_, son of Richard. Richards, Dicson, +Dixon, have the same signification, Richard, in Old German, meaning +rich-hearted, powerful. + +_Rock._ _Roć_, pronounced _rokh_, rock, a large stone. + +_Rourk._ _Ruarcać_, from _rad́arc_, pronounced _rooarc_, sight, and _ać_, +an individual. An observant person; a man of judgment. Rourke, Rorke, +Rork, Riark, referable to the same roots. + +_Rox._ _Rocks_, from _roć_, a rock, and Anglo-Saxon _sun_, son. Son of +Rock. + +_Ruan._ _Run_, pronounced _roon_, secret, dear, beloved. Ruane, Ruene, +analogous words. + +_Runey._ _Run_, secret, beloved; _ney_ for _neać_, an individual, an +agent. One that is beloved. Rooney, Roney, common spellings of the name. + +_Ryan._ _Riǵin_, pronounced _ry-an_, slow. + + +S. + +_Searle._ _Soḿairle_, pronounced _Sowarley_, Sorley, or Charles. Shorley +is from the same root, only the initial consonant has its characteristic +force before the slender vowel _e_. + +_Sewell._ _Suil_, pronounced _soo-ill_, the eye. Sewall, a slightly +modified form of the name. + +_Shane._ _Sean_, pronounced _shane_, old. Shan, Shean, Sheain, Sheahan, +Sheehan, of similar derivation. + +_Shannon._ _Sean_, old; _aḿan_, pronounced _awan_, river. An ancient +river. + +_Shaughney._ _Seaǵain_, pronounced _Shawn_, genitive of _Seaǵan_, John; +_neać_, an individual, an agent. The helpmeet of John. + +_Sheely._ _Sile_, pronounced _Shee-le_, Celia. + +_Shinn._ _Sinn_, pronounced _shinn_, we, us. _Sinn_, the same, only the +_s_ has not taken its accustomed sound of _sh_ before the slender vowel +_i_. + +_Sinnott._ _Sinn_, we, us; _aid́_, or _aoid́_, a person. One who uses the +pronoun _we_; an editor; a reviewer; a governor. Sinett, Synott, Shenett, +Sennett, equivalent names. + +_Smiggins._ _Smiggin_, from _smigin_, the chin; _s_, contraction of +_sun_, Anglo-Saxon for son. Son of Smiggin; son of the chin. + +_Stephenson._ _Mac Steṕain_, from _mac_, son, and _Steṕain_, genitive +of _Steṕan_, Stephen. Son of Stephen. Fitzstephen has the same +signification. + +_Sullivan._ _Sul-a-b́ean_, from _sul_, the eye; _a_, of; _b́ean_, woman. +The eye of woman. + +_Sully._ _Sul_, the eye; genitive _suile_, pronounced _soo-il-le_, +belonging to the eye. + +_Sweegan._ _Saoi_, pronounced _swee_, a philosopher, a man of letters; +_gan_, descendant. The offspring of a philosopher. + +_Sweeney._ _Saoi_, a gentleman, a hero; _neać_, an individual, an agent. +A valet; an aid-de-camp. + + +T. + +_Taine._ _Teine_, pronounced _tain_, fire. Toyne, greatly modified form +of the original. + +_Tammaney._ _Tam_, still, sluggish, placid; _neać_, an individual, an +agent. A cool, calm, deliberate person. + +_Taney._ _Teine_, fire; _neać_, an agent, an individual. An ardent, +zealous man. + +_Tenney._ _Teann_, pronounced _tane_, straight, independent, stubborn, +hopeful, strong, reliant; _eać_ for _neać_, an individual. A strong, +hopeful, reliant person. Tenny, Teeney, Teeny, of similar import. + +_Terrell._ _Tir_, pronounced _teer_, a country; _ell_ for _aill_, a +cliff. The cliff-country. Tirrill, Tyrell, familiar forms of the same +name. + +_Terry._ _Tir_, country; _riǵ_, the king. The king’s country. + +_Thoreau._ _Torad́_, pronounced _thoroo_, produce, fruit, fruitfulness. + +_Tierney._ _Tir_, country; _neać_, an individual. A countryman; a farmer. + +_Tighe._ _Tiǵe_, pronounced _tighe_, genitive of _teać_, a house. +Belonging to a house. + +_Toole._ _Tuile_, pronounced _too-il-e_, a flood. Tool, Tull, Tully, +cognate names. + +_Torrey._ _Torać_, pronounced _torach_, thunder. + +_Trall._ _Traill_, pronounced _trawll_, a slave, a bastard. + +_Trombar._ _Trom_, heavy; _barr_, top, summit. Top-heavy. Trumbar, +similarly derived. + + +V. + +_Van Barr._ _Van_, Dutch for son, doubtless from Irish _bean_, woman; +_barr_, summit, top. Son of Barr; son of a man of eminence. + +_Vannaman._ _Van-na-mann_, from _van_, son; _na_, of the; _mann_, man. +Son of the man. Names commencing with _van_ are considered by writers of +philology as Dutch, but in many such terms the student readily perceives +an Irish origin. _Van_, without doubt, is nothing but _bean_, the Irish +for woman, with its initial consonant aspirated. + + +W. + +_Williamson._ _Mac Uilleam_, from _mac_, son; _Uilleam_, genitive of +_Uilliam_, William. Son of William. Fitzwilliam, Williams and MacWilliam +are forms of the word, the last being the Irish name assumed by the +Bourkes of Connaught on the death of their chief, William De Bourg, third +earl of Ulster. + + +Y. + +_Yarnall._ _Eireann_, genitive of _Eire_, Ireland; _aill_, a cliff. A +cliff of Ireland. + +_Yarrick._ _Eire_, Ireland; _eać_ for _neać_, an individual. An Irishman. + +_Yarrow._ _Iar_, western; _ać_, fragmentary form of _neać_, pronounced +_ach_, or _agh_, an individual. A western man; a native of Ireland. + + + + +FROM THE ANGLO-SAXON. + + + + +HISTORY—JUTES, SAXONS, ANGLES. + + +Every Englishman—and we apply the term in a comprehensive sense—who +would clearly understand the force of his mother-tongue, should study +Anglo-Saxon, as it is the direct and copious source of his own beloved +language. Out of the many thousand words in use in English, more than +five-eighths are of Anglo-Saxon origin. These, not only in number, +but in their peculiar character and significance, as well as in their +influence on grammatical forms, give to our language, it is universally +admitted, its chief vigor. In short, they constitute its bone and sinew. +Volumes may be written in words of Anglo-Saxon parentage alone, but it +would be impossible to express the simplest thought in language of Latin +derivation. Words expressive of the dearest relations, the strongest and +most powerful feelings of nature, the language of every-day life, as of +duty, business, pleasure, etc., find in the Anglo-Saxon their deepest, +sincerest, and most energetic portrayals. Every speaker or writer, if +he would convince the understanding and reach the heart, must shun +Latinized expressions, and use the Anglo-Saxon, for the one awakens +vivid, soul-stirring thoughts, and the other thoughts that are cool and +unimpassioned. + +With this view of Anglo-Saxon’s importance to every Englishman, a +brief account of the origin of the present inhabitants of England will +show that we owe to the Gothic tribes—the Jutes, the Saxons and the +Angles—our physical vigor, yea, our very existence, as well as our highly +expressive language. Like all the Teutonic tribes, the Saxons were of +Oriental origin. They derived, most probably, their appellation from +the Sacæ, who doubtless gave the name of Sakasina to a part of Armenia. +In Ptolemy’s time, A. D. 90, they were as far westward as the Elbe, and, +consequently, were among the first of the Teutonic tribes that visited +Europe. Their location, between the Elbe and the Eyder in the south of +Denmark, strengthens the belief that they were the vanguard of Germanic +emigration. The Jutes, the Saxons and the Angles, which were the only +tribes that successively made settlements in Britain, are therefore +deemed of sufficient interest to claim especial attention. + +The first to obtain possession were the Jutes. Two brothers, Hengist +and Horsa, from Jutland, in Denmark, arrived in three small ships at +Ebbs-fleet, in the Isle of Thanet, in 449. This island was assigned to +them by the Britons for their assistance against the Picts and Scots. +Subsequently, they became possessors of Kent, the Isle of Wight, and part +of Hampshire. + +Forty-two years later, 491, the Saxons entered Britain. Their first +kingdom was established by Ella, under the name of South-Saxons, +including what is now known as Sussex, together with a part of Surrey. +In 494 another powerful colony, under Cerdic, arrived. Being west of the +other, it took the name West-Saxons. They occupied Hants, Berks, Wilts, +Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and part of Cornwall. A third Saxon kingdom, +in 527, was planted in Essex, Middlesex and the south of Hertfordshire, +under the name of East-Saxons (East-Seaxe). + +The Angles (Engle), from Anglen, the country between Flensburg and the +Schley in the southeast of Sleswick in Denmark, settled about 527 in East +Anglia, and exercised control over what now embraces Norfolk, Suffolk, +Cambridge, and part of Bedfordshire. Ida, in 547, began to establish +himself in Bernicia, comprehending Northumberland and the south of +Scotland, between the Tweed and Firth of Forth. About 559 Ella conquered +Deira, a tract of country between the Humber and the Tweed, embracing +the counties of York, Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, +and Lancashire. Mercia, bounded by the Thames, Humber and Severn, and +comprehending the counties of Chester, Derby, Huntingdon, Lincoln, +Northampton, Nottingham, Rutland, the north of Beds, Bucks, Hertford, +Warwick, Oxon, Worcester, Hereford, Gloucester, Stafford and Salop, was +formed by Crida, about 586, into an independent state. + +From the foregoing remarks it appears that one Jute, three Saxon, and +four Angle, altogether eight kingdoms, were established in Britain by +the year 586, and that the Angles and Saxons were the leading spirits +in the expeditions. They, therefore, when settled in this country, were +collectively called Anglo-Saxons. From the Angles (Engle), who were the +most numerous and predominant, the land was named Engla land, the Engle’s +or Angle’s land—an appellation which was afterwards contracted into +England. + +Anglo-Saxon, that is, Angle-, Engle-, or English-Saxon, is the language +of the Platt, Low, Flat, or North part of Germany, introduced into +England by the Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons, and modified, +spoken, and written by Englishmen. The less daring and enterprising of +these peoples who remained in their continental home bore the name of +Old-Saxons, and their language Old-Saxon, but their brethren who settled +in Britain were fitly designated Anglo-Saxons, and their language, +perfected in England, was denominated Anglo-Saxon. To King Alfred, and +the many writings of Alfric, we are indebted for the finest specimens of +Anglo-Saxon spoken and written in England in their days. + +Persons who are desirous of tracing the origin of Anglo-Saxon, or of +comparing it with kindred dialects, must first go to the Old-Saxon, the +Low-German spoken by those who remained in the old home of the Jutes, +the Angles, and the Saxons. No written specimen of the language spoken +by these Old-Saxons is extant, but there is, in a collateral dialect, +a very fine poem, written in the ninth century, which is entitled +_Heliand_, Healer or Saviour. While some of the Low-German race migrated +to England, others passed to the lower Rhine and settled there. This poem +being written in the dialect of these Rhenish Old-Saxons, and the latter +being akin to the Anglo-Saxon, there can be no question as to its vast +importance in the study of the language which is the foundation of our +own. Recourse may then be had to other works in Low-German. High-German, +Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish may then be consulted, and +carried back to their Oriental source. None of the German or Scandinavian +dialects have writings antedating those of the Anglo-Saxons, except the +Germanic in the Moeso-Gothic Gospels of Ulphilas, published in 370, and +some Icelandic. A zealous attempt, tracing the origin of the English, +Germanic, and Scandinavian languages and nations, with a sketch of their +early literature, and short chronological specimens of Anglo-Saxon, +Friesic, Flemish, Dutch, German, from the Moeso-Goths to the present +time, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish, and tracing the progress of these +languages and their connection with the modern English, was made by Rev. +Joseph Bosworth, in 1848. All interested in such knowledge will find +themselves abundantly repaid by an examination of this learned scholar’s +investigations, as shown in the work to which reference has just been +made. + + + + +LESSONS IN ANGLO-SAXON. + + +ANGLO-SAXON LETTERS—THEIR NAMES. + +The Anglo-Saxon alphabet has twenty-four letters, namely, _a_, _æ_, _b_, +_d_, _dh_, _e_, _f_, _g_, _h_, _i_, _l_, _m_, _n_, _o_, _p_, _r_, _s_, +_t_, _th_, _u_, _w_ (_vv_), _x_ and _y_. All but three, _dh_, _th_, +_w_, are Roman characters, the variations from the common form being +cacographic fancies. + +No difficulty is experienced by German-speaking students in calling the +letters by their proper appellations as their resemblance to the German +names, excepting in three instances, is very intimate and striking. _Ah_, +_ă_, _bay_, _cay_, _day_, _edh_, _ay_, _ef_, _gay_, _hah_, _ee_, _el_, +_em_, _en_, _o_, _pay_, _er_, _es_, _tay_, _thorn_, _oo_, _wên_, _ex_, +_ypsilon_, express very accurately their syllabic representation. + +An accent is found in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, but in none so regularly +used as to become an objective feature of Anglo-Saxon text. It is found +oftenest over a long vowel; sometimes over a vowel of peculiar sound, +not long; seldom, except over syllables requiring a stress of voice. +There are times, it seems, when nothing but stress is indicated. English +editors represent it mostly by an acute accent, but the Germans generally +print Anglo-Saxon with a circumflex over all single long sounds in the +root of words, and an acute over the diphthongs; as _brôder_, _freónd_. +In this book, an acute accent is used over all long vowels and diphthongs. + + +SOUNDS OF VOWELS. + +_A_ short or unaccented is sounded like _a_ in _man_. It is often found +in the final syllables of inflections, and generally appears in the radix +before a doubled consonant, or two different consonants. + +The radical short _a_ can only stand before a single consonant, and _st_, +_sc_, when this single consonant and these double letters are followed +in the inflections by _a_, _o_, _u_ in nouns; _a_, _o_, _u_, _e_ in +adjectives; and _a_, _o_, _u_, and _ia_ in verbs. + +Specially important are the remarks contained in the last paragraph +in the declension of words, for, monosyllables, ending in a single +consonant, in _st_, or _sc_, reject the _e_ from the short _æ_, and leave +the short _a_ alone, whenever, in declining, the consonant or consonants +happen to be followed by _a_, _o_, _u_ in nouns, and _a_, _o_, _u_, _e_ +in adjectives. + +It must be remembered, then, that a short _a_ cannot stand in a word. +1. When it ends in a single consonant, that is, when no inflection of +_a_, _o_, _u_ in nouns follow, as in _stæf_. 2. When in nouns a single +consonant is followed by _e_, as in _wæter_. 3. When the word has any +other double consonants than _st_, _sc_, even though followed by _a_, +_o_, _u_, as in _cræft_. 4. In contracted words, when _æ_ is not in the +last syllable, as in _æcer_. + +When the _á_ is accented it is then _long_, and words containing this +long or accented _á_ are now represented by English terms with the +vowel sounded like _o_ in _no_ and in _bone_. Hám _home_, bán, _bone_, +án, _one_, stán, _stone_, have either the same or an analogous meaning +in English and Anglo-Saxon. Sometimes the accented or long _á_ is +represented in English by _oa_, as ác, _an oak_, gád, _a goad_, lám, +_lome_. Occasionally, _á_ becomes _oe_ in English, as dá, _a doe_, fá, _a +foe_, rá, _a roe_, but the _ae_ in these words has the sound of _o_ in +_no_. The same may be said of _oa_ in _boar_. Hence, it appears that the +Anglo-Saxon _á_ is represented by the modern English _o_, _oa_, and _oe_, +which have the sound of _o_ in _no_, or _bone_. The long _á_ is often +changed into _æ_, as _lár_, lore, _lǽran_, to teach. + +_-A_, added to words, denotes _a person_, _an agent_, _an actor_, +hence,—All names ending in _a_ are masculine, and make the genitive in +_an_, as from _cum_, come (thou), _cuma_, a person who comes, or a guest, +is derived. Some words, denoting inanimate things, terminate in _a_, and +these words, having the same declension as those which signify _persons_ +or _actors_, are also masculine. _A-_ is an inseparable prefix, denoting +negation, determination or opposition, as _from_, _out_, _away_. _A-_ +does not always appear to alter the signification, but generally, +however, it adds some little force or intensity to the original meaning +of the word to which it is joined. + +Anglo-Saxon words, containing the short or unaccented vowel _e_, are +often represented by modern English words of the same meaning, having +the sound of _e_ in _fed_, as _nett_, _bedd_, _webb_. Before a double +consonant, two different consonants, or one or two consonants when +followed by a long or final vowel, the short _e_ is most generally used. + +Words containing the long or accented _é_ are very frequently represented +by English terms of the same meaning, and have the sound of _e_ in +_meet_. Long _é_ is used, as in _thé_, at the end of words, and before +the consonants _l_, _m_, _n_, _r_, _s_, _t_, _d_, _dh_, _c_, _g_ and _f_. + +_-E_, in the ending of nouns, denotes a person, as _hyrde_, a shepherd, +from _hyrdan_, to guard. It is also used to form nouns denoting inanimate +objects, as _cyle_, cold, but these are mostly derived from verbs, and +hence are masculine; but, when they come from adjectives, they are +feminine. Final _e_ is the termination of derivative adjectives, and is +also the usual letter by which adjectives ending in a consonant become +adverbs. + +Unaccented _i_ has the sound of _i_ in _fin_, as is evidenced by the +following Anglo-Saxon words which have the same meaning in English as in +Saxon:—_tin_, _dim_, _scip_, _wit_, _ribb_, _milc_, etc. + +_I_ long has the sound of _i_ in _fine_, as in the cognate words, _tíne_, +_wín_, _díc_, _hwíl_. + +The verbal termination _ian_, or with a consonant before the _i_—_cian_, +_gian_, _nian_, _sian_—is the most simple and universal. It is joined +to various parts of speech, but especially to nouns and pronouns. These +verbs almost always make the perfect tense in _ode_, and the perfect +participle in _od_. Verbs thus formed from adjectives are generally +neuter, but they become active by prefixing _ge_, as _lytl_, little, +_lytlian_, to become little, _gelytlian_, to diminish. + +_I_ and _ie_ are often used for _g_, _ge_, _y_, and _e_. + +Short _o_, in Anglo-Saxon, has probably the sound of _o_ in _for_, as +_corn_, _horn_, _loc_. + +_O_, accented, was sounded in Saxon as _oo_ in _cook_, as proved by the +cognate words _cóc_, _bóc_, _gód_, _cól_, _fót_, etc. + +Final _o_ is chiefly used to form the names of qualities from adjectives, +as _menigeo_, the many, multitude. Nouns ending in _o_ are feminine and +indeclinable, but they often end in _u_, and in that case have a regular +feminine declension. + +A few nouns in final _o_ are neuter, and make the genitive in _ewes_, as +_ealo_, ale, genitive _ealewes_. + +The unaccented _u_ in Anglo-Saxon had most probably the sound of _u_ in +_fun_, as testified to by _butt_, _dun_, _munc_, _up_, etc., which have +the same meaning in English as in Saxon. + +Long _ú_ had the sound of _ou_, or _ow_, in _about_, _foul_, _house_, +_town_, as _fúl_, _hú_, _mús_, _nú_, _úre_, Saxon words which have the +same signification, as their English representatives most plainly show. + +_Eo_ are sometimes used for _u_, as _sweord_, _swurd_, and _y_ for _ú_, +as _swytol_, _swútol_. In later times, _u_ was employed for _f_ and _v_, +as _luue_, _lufe_, _Dauid_, _David_. + +Some few names ending in _u_ are masculine or neuter, but they are mostly +feminine, and form the names of qualities from adjectives. + +Short _u_ or accented Anglo-Saxon _y_ had the _y_ sounded as in +_mystery_, _duty_, as _tynder_, _hyp_, _syn_, _mynster_, which are +represented by modern English words of like signification. + +The long or accented _y_ had the sound of _y_ in _type_, _sky_, as will +be evident from the following cognate words: _lýs_, _fýr_, _hýd_, _brýd_, +and _lýf_. + +Unaccented _i_ is often used for _y_, and long _i_ for _y_; as _lístan_, +_litel_, _minster_ for _lystan_, _lytel_, _mynster_, and _fír_, _bríd_, +_líf_, for _fýr_, _brýd_, _lýf_. + + +SOUNDS OF CONSONANTS. + +The consonants have their common English sounds: _c_, like _k_, always; +_ch_, like _kh_, in _work-house_; _cw_, like _qu_; _dh_, like English +_th_ in a similar word, as _ódher_, other, _dódh_, doth; _g_, like _g_ in +_go_, always; _h_, very distinct; _hw_, like _wh_ in New England; _i_ (= +_j_), before a vowel, like _y_; _s_, like _s_ in _so_; _t_, like _t_ in +_to_; _th_, like _th_ in _thin_; _w_, like _w_; _wl_, _wr_, and final _w_ +nearly close the lips; _x_, like _ks_. + + +ACCENT—ITS USE. + +The primary accent is on the first syllable of every word: as, +_bródʹ-her_, brother; _unʹ-cúdh_, uncouth. + +Proper prefixes in verbs and participles take no primary accent; such +are _á_, _an_, _and_, _æt_, _be_, _bi_, _ed_, _far_, _ful_, _ge_, +_geord_, _in_, _mis_, _ódh_, _of_, _ofer_, _on_, _or_, _tó_, _thurh_, +_un_, _under_, _widh_, _widher_, _ymb_, _ymbe_: _an-ginʹ-nan_, begin; +_on-geánʹ_, again. The syllable after the prefix assumes the accent. + +Derivatives from nouns, pronouns, or adjectives, retain their accent. +Such are all verbs in _and-_, _ed-_, _or-_, found in Anglo-Saxon poetry, +and many adverbs in _un-_, etc. + +Compounds, formed of adverbs and verbs, retain their accent. Such are +these with _æfter_, _bí_, _bíg_, _efen_, _eft_, _fore_, _ford_, _from_, +_fram_, _hider_, _mid_, _midher_, _gegn_, _geán_, _gén_, _tó_, _up_, +_út_, _wel_. + +The inseparable prefixes _á-_, _be-_ (_bi-_), _for-_, _ge-_, are +unaccented; as, _á-lýsʹ-ing_, redemption. + +A secondary accent may fall in the tone syllable of the lighter part of a +compound or on a suffix; as, _ó-fer-cumʹ-an_, overcome. + + +EUPHONIC CHANGES. + +_Gemination_ is the doubling of a letter. When final, or next to a +consonant, it is simplified, _mm_ changing to _mb_, _nn_ to _nd_, _ss_ +to _st_, _ii_ to _ig_, _un_ to _up_: as, _timbr_ for _timmr_, timber; +_spindl_ for _spinnl_, spindle; _lufast_ for _lufass_, lovest; _lufige_ +for _lufie_, love; _bearupes_ for _bearuues_, grove. Double _g_ is +written _cg_, and double _f_, _bb_. + +_Umlaut_ is the assimilation of a vowel by the vowel of the succeeding +syllable: _a-umlaut_ changes _i_ to _e_ (_eo_), _u_ to _o_; _i-umlaut_, +_a_ to _e_, _u_ to _y_, _ea_ to _y_, _eo_ to _y_, _á_ to _ǽ_, _ó_ to +_é_, _ú_ to _ý_, _eá_ to _y_, _eó_ to _ý_; _u-umlaut_, _a_ to _ea_ (_o_), +_i_ to _eo_. The _i_ which produces _i-umlaut_ is often changed to _e_ or +dropped: as, _man_, plural _men_, from _meni_; _fót_, plural _fét_, feet, +from _féti_. + +_Breaking_ is the change of one vowel to two by a consonant. _G_, _c_, +and _ac_ may break a following _a_ to _ea_, _o_ to _eo_, _i_ to _ie_, _á_ +to _eá_, _ó_ to _eó_; _l_, _r_ and _h_ may break a preceding _a_ to _ea_, +_i_ to _eo_ (_io_), _ie_: as, _geaf_, gave; _sceó_, shoe; _sealm_, psalm; +_hleator_, laughter; _meolc_, milk. + +_Shifting_ is the weakening of a letter not produced by other letters: +_a_ to _æ_, _ǽ_ to _é_, _eá_ and _eó_ to _é_, etc.; _dæg_, from _dag_, +day. + + +NOUNS—THEIR DECLENSION. + +There are two classes of declensions of Anglo-Saxon nouns:—_Strong_, +those which have sprung from vowel stems, and _weak_, that which has +sprung from stems in _an_. Of the four declensions, the first, second and +third are distinguished by the genitive singular ending in _es_, _e_, and +_a_, respectively, and the fourth by its termination in _an_. + +_Strong nouns_ have all masculines of the first or third declension; all +feminines of the second or third, and all neuters of the first. + +_Abstract nouns_ have their gender controlled by the terminations. In +derivatives, the feminine gender prevails, while compound nouns follow +the gender of the last part. + +Names of males, of the moon, and of many weeds, flowers, winds, are +_masculine_. Nouns representing names of females, of the sun, and of many +trees, rivers, and soft and low musical instruments, are _feminine_. +_Neuter_ nouns are names of wife, child, as well as diminutives, many +general names, and words made an object of thought. + +_Epicene nouns_ have one grammatical gender, but are used for both +sexes. Names of mammalia, except a few little timid ones, are masculine. +Large and fierce birds are masculine; others, especially singing-birds, +are feminine; large fishes are masculine, small, feminine; insects are +feminine. + +While in English there are but three cases, in Anglo-Saxon there are six. +The nominative and vocative are always alike; the nominative, accusative, +and vocative are alike in all plurals, and in the singular of all neuters +and strong masculines. The genitive plural ends always in _á_ or _ená_, +and the dative and instrumental always in _um_ (_on_). + +Names of women in _u_ or a consonant are strong, those in _e_ or _a_ are +weak; while those of men in _u_, _e_ or _a_ consonant are strong, and +those in _a_ are weak. + + +ADJECTIVES.—THEIR DEGREES. + +Adjectives, in Anglo-Saxon, have one set of strong and one set of weak +endings for each gender. The latter are used when the adjective is +preceded by the definite article or some word analogous thereto. Hence, +there are two declensions: the _definite_ and the _indefinite_. + +Degrees of quantity or quality in adjectives are shown by comparison. +They are regularly compared by suffixing to the theme of the primitive +_ir_, _er_ or _or_ for the theme of the comparative, and _ist_, _est_ or +_ost_ for that of the superlative. + + +VERBS.—THEIR ATTRIBUTES. + +Verbs have two voices. The _active_ represents the subject as acting, the +_passive_ as affected by the action. The _active_ has inflective endings +for many forms, the _passive_ only for a participle. Other passive forms +help this participle with the auxiliary verbs _eom_ (_am_), _beón_, +_wesan_, _weordhan_. There is, however, a middle voice, which represents +the subject as affected by its own action; but, as this is expressed in +Anglo-Saxon by adding pronouns, no paradigms are necessary. + +There are six moods. The _indicative_ states or asks about a fact; the +_subjunctive_ a possibility; the _imperative_ commands or entreats; the +_infinitives_ (and _gerunds_) are substantives, and the _participles_ +adjectives. Certain forms of possibility are expressed by auxiliary +modal verbs with the infinitive, and these are conveniently called a +_potential_ mode. + +Five tenses, _present_, _imperfect_, _future_, _perfect_ and +_pluperfect_, are found in the language. The present and imperfect have +tense stems; the future is expressed by the present, or by the aid of +_seal_ (shall) or _wille_ (will); the perfect by help of the present of +_habban_ (have) or, with some intransitives, _beón_ (be), _wesan_ or +_weordhan_ (be); the pluperfect by the aid of the imperfect of _habban_, +_beón_, _wesan_, or _weordhan_. + +Verbs are classified for conjugation by the stems of the imperfect tense. +_Strong verbs_ express tense by varying the root vowel; _weak verbs_ by +composition. Strong verbs in the imperfect indicative singular first +person have the root vowel _unchanged_, or changed by accent, which is +called _progression_, or by _contraction_ with old reduplication. There +are six conjugations. No change is manifest in the root vowel in the +first conjugation; the second, third and fourth are varied by accent or +progression; the fifth by contraction, and the sixth by composition. + +Since all the names derivable from verbs, with which we have to deal in +the present work, are concerned with the present infinitive, present +indicative of the first person, and perfect participle, it is unnecessary +to enter into any elaboration of the verbal inflections. What is needful +to be said will appear in its proper place in the derivations. + + + + +NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION. + + +A. + +_Abbott._ _Abbud_, an abbot, chief governor, father, or superior of an +abbey, convent, or monastery. + +_Adkin._ _Eard_, earth; _cyn_, kin, kind. Earth-relative. Akin, +contraction of the name. + +_Albert._ _Eal_, all; _beorht_, bright. All bright; illustrious. + +_Alder._ _Aldor_, life. + +_Alice._ _Ætheling_, corrupted into Adeline, thence into Alice. A +princess. + +_Alison._ _Alice_, a princess; _sun_, a son. Son of Alice; son of a +princess. + +_All._ _Eal_, all, every, whole. + +_Allingham._ _Alling-hám_, from _All_; _ing_, descendant; _hám_, home. +Home of Alling; home of the offspring of All. + +_Apgar._ _Abgar_, Irish _ab_, a father; _gár_, a spear, a dart. Defender +of the father. + +_Appleton._ _Æppel-tún_, from _æppel_, an apple; _tún_, town. An apple +garden; an orchard. + +_Askin._ _Æscwine_, from _æsc_, an ash-tree, ash, ash-spear, a ship, a +man; _wine_, a friend. Boats were made of ash, hence a small ship, a +skiff. Among the northern nations it was supposed that the first man was +made out of ash: hence the word came to signify a man, the chief of men, +a leader. Æsc, the name of Hengist’s son, was a leader. + +_Ashton._ _Æsc_, Æsc; _tún_, town. The town of Æsc. + +_Asquith._ _Æsc_, Æsc; _cýth_, home. The home of Æsc; the home of the ash. + + +B. + +_Bancroft._ _Bán_, pronounced _bawn_, bone; _croft_, a level tract of +country, an enclosed field. A graveyard. + +_Bald._ _Báld_, bold, courageous, honorable. + +_Baldwin._ _Báld_, pronounced _bawld_, bold; _win_, a contest, battle. +Bold in battle. Baldewin, Boldwin, less ancient forms of the name. + +_Banham._ _Bán_, bone; _hám_, home. The bone-home; the grave. + +_Barton._ _Bere_, corn; _tún_, town. A corn-farm; a corn-village; a +grange. + +_Beal._ _Beal_, evil. Beale, identical in derivation. + +_Beda._ _Beada_, counsellor, persuader, exhorter. + +_Bedell._ _Bædel_, a beadle. A messenger belonging to a court, or public +body; a petty officer in a church. + +_Beck._ _Béc_, or _bóc_, a book. Beck, Bock, Bok, analogous names. + +_Beckingham._ _Beck_, Beck; _ing_, a son; _hám_, home. The home of the +son of Beck. + +_Bishop._ _Bisceop_, a bishop, a high-priest, a prelate. + +_Blake._ _Blæc_, black. Black, of like parentage. + +_Boardman._ _Bórd_, a shield; _man_, a man. A warrior; a knight. + +_Brice._ _Brice_, fragment, rupture, violation, use, service. Bryce, only +another spelling of the same. + +_Brock._ _Bróc_, a brook, a rivulet. Brook, Brooke, from the same root. + +_Brooks._ _Brook_, Brook; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Brook. + +_Bronson._ _Brown_, from _brún_, brown, and _sun_, son. Son of Brown. + +_Bront._ _Bront_, raging, streaming. Brunt, doubtless, from the same +source. Some, perhaps, would consider it a corruption of _burnt_, made +brown. + +_Browning._ _Brown_, Brown; _ing_, a descendant. Descendant of Brown. + +_Burn._ _Byrne_, burning, a coat of mail, a corselet. + +_Burr._ _Búr_, a chamber, a bower. Perhaps, from _beorg_, or _beorh_, a +hill. + +_Burwick._ _Búr_, a chamber; _wic_, a dwelling, village, camp. The +guest-chamber. + + +C. + +_Caster._ _Ceaster_ (Latin _castra_, a camp), a city. Chester, from the +same derivation. + +_Caton._ Anglo-Saxon for Cato, the Greek for downwards. + +_Chapman._ _Cépman_, a merchant, a trader. Ceapman, in Chaucer’s day. + +_Chichester._ Originally, _Cicester_, the equivalent of _cyren-ceaster_, +or _cyrn-ceaster_; from _cyren_, new wine; _ceaster_, a city, fort, +castle, town. Castle of new wine. + +_Clark._ _Clerc_, Latin _clericus_, a clerk. Clarke, similarly derived. + +_Cliffe._ _Clif_, a crag, an overhanging rock. Cliff, another form of the +name. + +_Clifford._ _Cliffe_, Cliffe; _ford_, a stream, a current. Cliffe’s ford. + +_Codman._ _Codd_, scrip, satchel, small bag; _man_, a man. A cashier; a +banker. + +_Coke._ _Cóc_, a cook. Cook, Cooke, analogous forms. + +_Compton._ _Comp_ for _comb_, a valley; _tún_, town. A valley-town. + +_Cope._ _Cop_, a cap, hood, or cloak. + +_Copp._ _Copp_, the head, top, apex, a cup. + +_Coulter._ _Colter_, a colter, a knife, a dagger. Colter, the commoner +form of the name. + +_Cox._ _Cokes_, from _cóc_, cook; _sun_, son. The son of Coke, or Cooke. +Coxe, of kindred significance. + +_Cumberland._ _Combra_, of valleys; _land_, land, ground, earth, field, +region, country. A region of valleys. + +_Cunningham._ _Cunning_, experience; _hám_, home. A home of art and +letters. + +_Cunnington._ _Cunning_, experience; _tún_, town. A cunning town; an +enterprising town. + +_Cuthbert._ _Cúth_, known, certain, familiar, domestic; _beorht_, +brightness, a glistening, light, sight, glance. Known brightness; +familiar glance. + + +D. + +_Dade._ _Dǽd_, deed, exploit, achievement. + +_Dadaker._ _Deád_, dead; _æcer_, acre. An acre set apart for the dead. +Dedaker, of analogous derivation. + +_Dager._ _Dagor_, day. + +_Dalton._ _Dál_, a dale, a small valley; _tún_, a town. A valley-town. + +_Dalrymple._ _Dál_, a vale; _hrympelle_, a wrinkle, a ripple, a fold. An +undulating vale. + +_Davies._ _Davie_, diminutive for David; _sun_, son. Son of Davie. Davis, +abbreviation of the same. + +_Dodd._ _Deád_, dead. + +_Dunham._ _Dunholm_, from _dún_, mountain; _holm_, an island. A +mountainous island. + +_Durham._ _Deór_, beast; _hám_, home, dwelling. A park; a dwelling for +wild animals. Dereham, an earlier form of the name. + +_Dyer._ _Dýre_, dear, costly, precious. + + +E. + +_Earl._ _Earl_, noble, earl, man. Earle, of similar significance. + +_Edgar._ _Eard_, earth; _gár_, dart, spear. Earth-dart; defender of the +earth. + +_Edmund._ _Eard_, earth; _mund_, hand. Earth-hand; tiller of the soil. + +_Edmunds._ _Edmund_, Edmund; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Edmund. +Edmundson, Edmondson, lengthened forms of the same name. + +_Edson._ _Eard_, earth; _sun_, son. Son of earth. Edison, the same word, +but of more euphonious pronunciation. + +_Edward._ _Eard_, earth; _weard_, guardian, watchman. An earth-protector. + +_Edwards._ _Edward_, Edward; _sun_, son. Son of Edward. + +_Egbert._ _Ecg_, edge; _beorht_, glance. Side-glance. + +_Eldrick._ _Eal_, all; _rice_, rich, powerful. All-powerful. Eldridge, +doubtless, from the same roots. + +_Elmer._ _Ethelmer_, from _éthel_, a home; _mǽre_, illustrious. An +illustrious home. + +_Ely._ _Élig_, from _él_, eel; _ig_, an island. Eel-island. + +_Emery._ _Earm_, arm; _rice_, powerful. Mighty in battle. Emmery, Emory, +cognate forms. + +_Emerson._ _Emery_, Emery; _sun_, son. Son of Emmery. + +_Engle._ _Engel_, an angel. Ingle, a slightly modified phase of the name. + +_Englebert._ _Engel_, an angel; _beorht_, brightness. An angel of +brightness. + +_Erwin._ _Eard_, earth; _wine_, friend. Earth-friend. Ervin, Ervine, +names of similar import. + +_Eton._ _Eten_, a giant. Eaton, the accepted spelling. + + +F. + +_Fager._ _Fæger_, beauty, fair, beautiful. + +_Farnham._ _Fearn_, a fern; _hám_, habitation. Habitation of the fern. + +_Farr._ _Farr_, a wild boar. + +_Farrington._ _Farringdún_, from _fearn_, a fern; _g_, for the sake of +euphony; _dún_, a hill. A hill of fern. + +_Fell._ _Fell_, gall, anger, death, a skin, cruel, severe. + +_Field._ _Feald_, a field, a fold. + +_Fielding._ _Field_, Field; _ing_, descendant. Descendant of Field. + +_Finch._ _Finc_, a small bird. Fink, Finck, Fenke, kindred forms. + +_Firman._ _Fir_, the living, chief of living beings, man; _man_, man. The +living man. + +_Fisk._ _Fisc_, a fish. Fiske, the more common name. + +_Fleming._ _Fleming_, a runaway, a banished man. Flemming, another +spelling. + +_Fletcher._ _Flett_, house, chamber, bed, hall, palace; _cher_ for _er_, +a personal suffix. A companion; a bed-fellow; a prince. + +_Fogg._ _Fog_, agreement, compact. + +_Foote._ _Fót_, a foot. + +_Forsyth._ _Forthsíth_, death. Forsythe, another spelling of the name. + +_Fotheringham._ _Fother_, a load, a burden; _ing_, son; _hám_, dwelling. +The home of the son of burden. + +_Foulk._ _Folc_, folk, people. Foulke, an equivalent. + +_Frederick._ _Freá_, a lord; _rice_, rich, powerful. A mighty lord. + +_Frick._ Possibly a corruption of _Frig_, pronounced _Freeg_, the goddess +of love, the Saxon Venus, and wife of Odin. + + +G. + +_Galt._ Irish _gaill_, genitive of _gall_, stranger; _tún_, town. Town of +the stranger. Gault, of similar derivation. + +_Galvin._ Irish _gaill_, of the stranger; _vin_ for _wine_, friend. +Friend of the Gall, the stranger. + +_Gate._ _Geát_, a gate. + +_Gates._ _Gate_, Gate; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Gate. + +_Giddings._ _Gidding_, from _gidd_, song, divination; _ing_, descendant; +_s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a descendant of song. + +_Gilbert._ Irish _giolla_, a servant; _beorht_, bright. A witty servant. + +_Gilling._ _Gill_, Gill; _ing_, son. Son of Gill; son of a servant. + +_Gillingham._ _Gilling_, Gilling; _hám_, home. The home of Gilling; the +home of the son of Gill. + +_Gipson._ _Gilp_, glory; _sun_, son. The son of glory. Gibson, of like +derivation. + +_Gladwin._ _Glæd_, pleased; _wine_, a friend. A happy friend. + +_Glenning._ _Glen_, a valley; _ing_, descendant. Son of Glenn; son of a +valley. + +_Godfrey._ _Gód_, good; _freá_, lord. A beneficent master. + +_Goodacre._ _Gód_, God; _æcer_, acre. God’s acre. + +_Goodwin._ _Gód_, good; _wine_, a friend, a benefactor. Godwin, of +similar signification. + +_Gould._ _Gold_, a precious metal. + +_Graff._ _Græf_, a grave. A ditch; a moat; a fosse. Groff, of like +derivation. + +_Graham._ _Grǽg_, gray; _hám_, home. A weather-beaten home. Gramm, most +probably a corruption of the same. + +_Grave._ _Græf_, a grave. + +_Graves._ _Grave_, Grave; _sun_, son. Son of Grave. Greaves, Greves, +Grieves, modifications of the name. + +_Gregg._ _Grǽg_, gray. Grigg, corruption of the name. + +_Gregson._ _Grǽg_, gray; _sun_, son. Son of Gregg. Grayson, the same in +another form. + +_Grindler._ _Grindel_, a clog; _er_ for Irish _fear_, a man. The wearer +of a wooden shoe. + +_Grindrod._ _Grund_, ground; _rod_, a rod. Divining-rod. + +_Grund._ _Grund_, ground. + +_Grunder._ _Grund_, ground; _er_ for _fear_, man. A farmer. + +_Guilford._ _Gild_, tribute; _ford_, a stream. Stream-tribute; ferry-toll. + +_Gummery._ _Guma_, man; _ríce_, kingdom. Kingdom of man. + +_Guthrie._ _Gúth_, fight, war; _ríce_, kingdom. Kingdom of sin. + + +H. + +_Haeseler._ _Hæsel_, a hat; _er_, a personal suffix. A hatter. + +_Hamill._ _Hám_, home; _il_, a hedgehog. Home of the hedgehog. + +_Hamilton._ _Hamill_, Hamill; _tún_, farm. Farm of Hamill. + +_Hamlet._ _Hám_, home; _let_, implying diminutiveness. An humble home. + +_Hammond._ _Hám_, house; _mund_, hand. A house-hand; a servant. + +_Hampshire._ _Hâm_, or _hamp_, home; _scíre_, shire, district, county, +stewardship, charge, business. Home-district. Hampsher, corruption of the +name. + +_Hampton._ _Hám_, or _hamp_, home; _tún_, town. Home-town. + +_Hampstead._ _Hám-stede_, from _hám_, home, and _stede_, place. Homestead. + +_Hamric._ _Hám_, home; _rice_, rule, kingdom. Home-rule. Hamrick, from +the same roots. + +_Hancock._ _Hean_, poor, needy, humble, worthless, despised; _cóc_, a +cook. A needy cook. + +_Hard._ _Heard_, hard, stubborn, unsubmissive. + +_Harding._ _Hard_, Hard; _ing_, son. Descendant of Hard. + +_Harold._ _Hár_, hoar, gray with age; _eald_, old. A veteran chief. + +_Harper._ _Hearpere_, a harper. + +_Hart._ _Heort_, a hart, a stag. + +_Hartford._ _Heort_, a hart; _ford_, a ford, a stream, a current. The +hart’s ford, or the place of its crossing the stream. + +_Hatfield._ _Heat-feld_, from _heat_, heat; _feld_, a field, a plain. An +open, sun-scorched plain. + +_Hebel._ _Hebel_, thread of the shuttle. + +_Heber._ _Heber_, a goat. + +_Hebener._ _Heben_, heaven; _er_, indicative of a personal suffix. An +inhabitant of heaven. + +_Helmbold._ _Helm_, helmet, cover, protector; _báld_, bold, stout. A +stout protector. + +_Herbert._ _Here_, a host; _beorht_, bright, shining. An illustrious host. + +_Hild._ _Hild_, battle. + +_Hildebrand._ _Hild_, battle: _brand_, a brand, a torch. A battle-torch. + +_Hildeburn._ _Hild_, battle; _bryne_, a burning, scorching, heat, fire. +Battle-heat. + +_Hoar._ _Hár_, hoar, white, or gray with age. + +_Holdcraft._ _Hold_, kind, devoted, faithful, friendly; _cræft_, craft, +contrivance, skill, employment, strength, power, talent, ability, +excellence, virtue. Faithful employment; friendly power. + +_Holme._ _Holm_, a sea, a billow. + +_Holmes._ _Holme_, Holme: _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Holme + +_Holt._ _Holt_, a grove, a forest. + +_Hope._ _Hopa_, hope. + +_Hopkin._ _Hopa_, hope; _cyn_, kind, kin. A relative of Hope. + +_Hopkinson._ _Hopkin_, Hopkin; _sun_, son. Son of Hopkin. Hopkins, an +abbreviation of the name. + +_Humphrey._ _Hám_, home; _freá_, lord, protector. Defender of home. + +_Humphreys._ _Humphrey_, Humphrey; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Humphrey. +Humphries, Humphriss, Humphrys, kindred names. + +_Huntting._ _Hunt_, Hunt; _ing_, a descendant. Son of Hunt. + +_Hurlock._ _Hár_, hoary; _loc_, lock of hair. A hoary lock of hair. +Harlock, a less common name, but one more closely related to the parent +words. + +_Husband._ _Hús_, house; _bond_, bound, tied. House-bound; house-tied: +hence, one that is bound to the house. + +_Hustin._ _Hústing_, a place of council. + +_Huston._ _Hús_, house; _tún_, a farm. House-farm; kitchen-garden. + +_Huxley._ _Huxlic_, from _hucs_, _hucx_, or _husc_, irony, slight, +contempt, reproach, and _lic_, like. Ironical-like; disgraceful; +contemptuous; vile. + + +I. + +_Idell._ _Ídel_, idle, vain, empty, useless. + +_Inskip._ _In_, an inn, a dwelling; _scipe_, denoting form, condition, +state, office, dignity. An innkeeper; a landlord. Inskeep, a kindred name. + +_Irwin._ _Eard_, earth; _wine_, friend. Earth-friend. Irvin, Irvine, from +the same roots. + +_Irving._ _Irvin_, Irvin; _ing_, a descendant. Son of Irvin. + +_Isdell._ _I’s_, ice; _dǽl_, a dale, a small valley. Ice-dale. + +_Isenberg._ _I’sen_, iron; _beorg_, mountain. Iron-mountain. + +_Isenberry._ _I’sen_, iron; _berry_, corruption of _beorg_, or _beorh_, +mountain. Iron-mountain. + +_Isham._ _I’s_, ice; _hám_, house, dwelling. Ice-house. + + +J. + +_Jackson._ _Jack_, nickname for John; _sun_, son. Son of Jack. Jacques, +French for James, is the most probable derivation of Jack. + +_Jameson._ _Jame_, James; _sun_, son. Son of James. + +_Jamieson._ _Jamie_, James; _sun_, son. Son of Jamie; son of James. +Jamison, Jemison, Jimison, kindred terms, founded upon nicknames common +to James in parts of Scotland and Ireland. + +_Jenkin._ _Jen_, abbreviation for Jennie, Jane, John; _cyn_, kin, kind. +Related to Jennie, Jane, John. + +_Jenkinson._ _Jenkin_, Jenkin; _sun_, son. Son of Jenkin. Jenkins, +abbreviated form of same. + +_Jenks._ _Jen_, Jennie; _k_ for _cyn_, kin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a +relative of Jennie. + +_Johnson._ _John_, Hebrew word signifying “gracious gift of God;” +Anglo-Saxon _sun_, son. Son of John. + +_Jonson._ _Jon_, contraction of _John_, John; _sun_, son. Son of John. + +_Jones._ _Jon_, John; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of John. + + +K. + +_Keith._ _Cíth_, pronounced _keeth_, a germ, sprig, blade. + +_Kemp._ _Cempa_, a young soldier, a warrior, champion, novice. + +_Kendall._ _Cyn_, kin, kindred, race, tribe, nation, kind; _dǽl_, dale, +valley. Valley-kindred. Kindell, derivable from the same roots. + +_Kenworthy._ _Cyn_, kindred; _weorthe_, worthy, honorable. Worthy kindred. + +_Kenyon._ _Cyn_, nation, people; _yeong_, young. Young nation. + +_Kertell._ _Kertl_, a woman’s garment, a vest, mantle, kirtle. + +_Keyser._ _Káser_, an emperor. Keiser, of similar origin. + +_Kim._ _Cim_, feet, or bases of a pillar. + +_Kimball._ _Cimbal_, cymbal. Kemble, Kimble, Kimple, analogous names. + +_Kissel._ _Cystel_, a chestnut. + +_Kisterbock._ _Cist_, choice; _bóc_, a volume, a book. A choice volume. + +_Kitt._ _Kitte_, a vessel, a bottle. + +_Kitson._ _Kitt_, Kitt; _sun_, son. Son of Kitt. Kitts, abbreviation of +the same. + + +L. + +_Lambeth._ _Lamb-hýth_, from _lamb_, lamb, and _hýth_, measure, gain, +profit. Lamb’s measure. + +_Lambert._ _Lamb_, Lamb; _beorht_, brightness. The Lamb of Glory. + +_Lancaster._ _Land_, ground, earth, field; _ceaster_, a camp, a castle, +city, fort. An earth-fort. + +_Landreth._ _Land_, field; _ríthe_, a well, a fountain, a river. A +field-well; a spring. + +_Lever._ _Leófra_, _lever_, comparatives of _leóf_, _leef_, dear, +agreeable. More agreeable; more pleasing. + +_Levering._ _Lever_, Lever; _ing_, offspring. Son of Lever. + +_Lea._ _Liga_, a flame. + +_Lester._ _Lædheceaster_, from _lædhe_, hateful, unpleasant, loathsome, +and _ceaster_, a city. A loathsome city. Leister, of like derivation. + +_Limbert._ _Lim_, limb, member; _beorht_, brightness. Limb-brightness. + +_Liming._ _Lim-ing_, from _lim_, limb; _ing_, implying action, +originating from. Limning; painting. + +_Lind._ _Lind_, linden, or lime-tree; also, what was made of +lime-wood—shield, buckler, banner. + +_Linden._ _Linden_, made of lime-tree. + +_Lindsey._ _Lindes-íg_, from _lindes_, genitive of _lind_, lime-tree, and +_íg_, an island. The island of the lime-tree. Lindsay, another form of +spelling. + +_Lipp._ _Lippe_, lip. + +_Lipkiss._ _Lippe_, lip; _cyss_, kiss. Lip-kiss. + +_Lippincott._ _Lippe_, lip, genitive _lippan_, of lip; _coth_, disease, +malady. Lip disease. + +_Lipson._ _Lippe_, Lipp; _sun_, son. Son of Lipp. + +_Lipton._ _Lipp_, Lipp; _tún_, home. Home of Lipp. + +_Litchfield._ _Liced-feld_, from _licced_, licked, lapped, and _feld_, a +field, a plain. A licked plain; a pasture-field. + +_Lonsdale._ _Londes-dǽl_, from _londes_, genitive of _lond_, land; +_dǽl_, dale, valley. Land’s-dale. + +_Loth._ _Loth_, a band. + +_Lothrop._ _Loth_, band; _thorpe_, a village. + +_Lyster._ _Lyster_, a favorer. Lister, of like origin. + +_Lytle._ _Lytle_, little, small, slender. + + +M. + +_Manchester._ _Manig-ceaster_, from _manig_, many, much; _ceaster_, city, +fort, castle, town. Many castles. + +_Manning._ _Mann_, Mann; _ing_, offspring. Son of Mann. + +_Marx._ _Marcs_, from _marc_, a mark; _s_ for _sun_, a son. Son of Marc. + +_Mase._ _Mase_, a whirlpool, a gulf. + +_Maslin._ _Mæslen_, or _maslin_, brass. + +_Max._ _Max_, noose, mesh, net, snare. + +_Maxfield._ _Max_, Max; _feld_, a field. Max’s field. + +_Maxwell._ _Max_, Max; _wæl_, a well. Max’s well. + +_Meadowcroft._ _Mǽdewe_, a meadow; _croft_, a small enclosed field. A +meadow-field. + +_Mearns._ _Mearn_, mourned; _s_ for _sun_, son. A mourned son. + +_Mear._ _Mere_, lake, pool, sea. + +_Mears._ _Mear_, Mear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Mear. + +_Medlar._ _Méd_, meed, merit, reward, recompense; _lǽr_, doctrine. +Reward of doctrine. + +_Medway._ _Mǽd_, meed, meadow, trunk of a tree; _wǽg_, a wave. +Meadow-wave; a river. + +_Meredith._ _Mere_, lake, sea; _diht_, ordering, direction, predicting, +foretelling. Sea-predicting. + +_Merscher._ _Mersc-ware_, from _mersc_, marsh, fen, and _ware_, used only +as a termination, denoting inhabitants, dwellers. Marshmen; fenmen. + +_Merton._ _Meretún_, from _mere_, lake, sea; _tún_, town. Sea-port; +lake-port. + +_Metsinger._ _Metssunge_, from _mettsung_, messing, food, meat; _ere_, +indicating a person. A victualler; a provider. Messinger, another form of +the name. + +_Michener._ Perhaps _Micg-ærn_, from _micg-an_, to water; _ærn_, a place, +a secret place, a closet, a habitation, a house. An urinary; a drain. + +_Midding._ _Midding_, a dunghill. + +_Middlesex._ _Middel_, middle; _Sexe_, Saxons. The Middle Saxons. + +_Middleton._ _Middel_, middle; _tún_, town. The middle town. + +_Mitchell._ _Mycg_, a midge, a gnat; _el_, a termination denoting a +person. A dwarf; a pigmy. + +_Monteith._ _Mon_, man; _téth_, teeth. Human teeth. + +_Montgomery._ _Munt-guman-ríc_, from _munt_, mountain; _guman_, of man, +genitive of _guma_; _ríc_, pronounced _ree_, a postfix denoting dominion, +power. Mountain of man’s power; acme of human greatness. + +_Muckle._ _Mucxle_, a muscle, a shell-fish. + +_Mumford._ _Mund-ford_, from _mund_, a contraction of _munden_, +remembered, and _ford_, ford. A remembered ford. + +_Munce._ _Munc_, a monk. Munch, Munk, of similar derivation. + +_Murberry._ _Murberie_, possibly from _múr_, a wall, from the resemblance +of the fruit in roughness to a wall, and _berie_, a berry. _Mur_ itself +signifies a mulberry. + +_Murdock._ _Mere_, a sea; _docce_, a dock. A naval dock. + + +N. + +_Nabes._ _Næbb_, a face; _s_ for _sun_, sun. The sun’s face. + +_Nachtigall._ _Næctegale_, nightingale, from _næcte_, night, and _gale_, +a singer. A night-singer. + +_Nachod._ _Næcud_, naked, uncovered. + +_Nadely._ _Nædl_, a needle, _líc_, like. Needle-like. + +_Nægele._ _Nægel_, a nail, a pin, a nail of the hand. Nagel, Nagele, +Naglee, other forms of the name. + +_Nebeker._ _Neb_, face, countenance, mouth, neb, nib, nose; _æcer_, +field, land, anything sown, sown corn, an acre. Face-pimples. + +_Nebel._ _Neb_, face, countenance; _el_, termination denoting a person. +Human face. + +_Nebhut._ _Neb_, face, head, mouth; _húth_, spoil, booty, prey. Blotched +countenance. + +_Nedel._ _Nedl_, a needle. + +_Needham._ _Neád_, need, necessity, infirmity; _hám_, home, house, +dwelling, village, farm. An almshouse; an infirmary. + +_Neef._ _Nefe_, a niece, a granddaughter. Neff, from the same root. + +_Nesenger._ _Nesse_, a headland; _ing_, originating from; _er_, a +personal suffix. One raised upon a headland. + +_Ness._ _Nesse_, a cape. Nesz, another form of the name. + +_Neswanger._ _Nesse_, or _næs_, a rock, support, headland, ness, cape, +promontory; _wang_, a plain, field, wong, land; _er_, a personal suffix. +Possessor of a rock-plain. + +_Neswenger._ _Nesse_, rock; _wengere_, a pillow, bolster. Rock-pillow. + +_Nester._ _Nest_, support, food, wages; _er_, a personal suffix. A +supporter; a wage-earner. Nester, a kindred name. + +_Neth._ _Neth_, wickedness, malice, cunning, hatred, strife, zeal, +punishment, slaughter. + +_Nething._ _Neth_, Neth; _ing_, offspring, descendant. Son of Neth. + +_Nette._ _Nett_, a net. + +_Netterville._ _Nett_, a net; _er_, a personal suffix; French _ville_, a +villa, a town. A fishing-place. + +_Nettinger._ _Nett_, a net; _ing_, expressive of action; _er_, a personal +termination. A seiner; a fisherman. + +_Nettleton._ _Netele_, a nettle; _tún_, a farm. A nettle-farm. + +_Newbold._ _Newe_, new, late, young; _báld_, bold, courageous, honorable. +Lately honorable. + +_Newcomb._ _Newe_, new; _comb_, a valley. New valley. + +_Newcomet._ _Newe_, new; _cometa_, a comet. A new comet. + +_Newell._ _Neowel_, prone, prostrate, depressed, profound, deep. Newhall, +perhaps, from the same root. + +_Nipe._ _Nip_, darkness. + +_Nippes._ _Nipp_, Nipe; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Nipe. + +_Norman._ _Nor_, contraction of _north_, north; _man_, a man. North-man. + +_Northrop._ _Nor_, north; _thorpe_, town. North town. + +_Norwood._ _Nor_, north; _wud_, wood. Northwood. + +_Nye._ _Nye_, a nye, a nest. + +_Nyholm._ _Nye_, a nest; _holm_, the deep sea, an abyss, the ocean, a +river island. Nest-water; nest-island. + +_Nyman._ _Nye_, a nest; _man_, man, or woman. Nest-woman. + +_Nystrom._ _Nye_, a nest; _streom_, a stream. Nest-stream. + + +O. + +_Obdyke._ _Ob_, off; _díc_, bank, mound. Off the bank. Opdyke, from the +same roots. + +_Oberdick._ _O’ber_, over, above; _díc_, dyke, ditch, trench, moat. +Overflowing ditch. + +_Oberholt._ _O’ber_, above; _holt_, a forest. Mountain-forest. + +_Ofar._ _O’fer_, a margin, brink, bank, shore. + +_Orcutt._ _Or_, free from; _coth_, disease. Free from disease. + +_Ord._ _O’rd_, beginning, origin, author, edge, sword, battle-array. + +_Ordmann._ _O’rd_, the front of an army; _mann_, man. A general; a +commander. + +_Orfe._ _Orfe_, cattle. Orf, Orff, of similar derivation. + +_Orgill._ _Orgel_, pride, arrogance. + +_Orgs._ _Org_, pride; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of pride. + +_Orme._ _Or_, free from; _me_, me. Free me from. + +_Ormerod._ _Or_, free from; _me_, me; _rod_, rod. Free me from the rod. +Ormrod, of like import. + +_Ormond._ _Or_, free from; _mond_, care, protection. Free from care; +without protection. + +_Ormsby._ _Orm_, Orme; _s_, sign of genitive; _bý_, a termination +denoting habitation, dwelling. Habitation of Orme. + +_Ormston._ _Orm_, genitive _Ormes_, Orme; _tún_, house. Home of Orme. + +_Orth._ _O’rth_, breathing. + +_Orthwein._ _O’rth_, breathing; _wine_, a man. A living man. + +_Orton._ _Or_, free from; _tún_, house, farm, village, town. Free from +the cares of home, or of the town. + +_Orwig._ _Or_, free from; _wig_, warfare, battle, strife. Free from +warfare. + +_Osbeck._ _O’s_, a hero; _béc_, a book, a volume, a writing. Hero-book; a +novel. + +_Osborne._ _O’s_, a hero; _beorn_, chief, general, prince, king. +Hero-king. Osborn, Osbourn, Osbourne, kindred names. + +_Osler._ _O’s_, hero; _lǽr_, lore, learning. Hero-lore. + +_Osmond._ _O’s_, hero; _mond_, hand, defence, protection, security. +Hero-protection. + +_Osmun._ _O’s_, hero; _mund_, a hand. Heroic hand. + +_Osmus._ _O’s_, hero; _mús_, mouse, flesh, muscle. Heroic muscle. + +_Osner._ _O’s_, hero; _nere_, refuge, safety, preservation. Heroic +preservation. + +_Oswald._ _O’s_, hero; _wald_, ruler, governor, lord. Heroic ruler. + +_Ost._ _Ost_, East. Also, a knot, a scale. + +_Oster._ _Oster_, Easter. + +_Overholt._ _Ouer_, over; _holt_, a forest. Hill-forest. + +_Oxenford._ _Oxen_, from _oxan_, genitive of _oxa_, an ox; _ford_, a +ford. The ford of the ox. Oxford, abbreviation of same. + + +P. + +_Palen._ _Pællen_, purple. + +_Pennington._ _Pening_, a penny; _tún_, dwelling, house. A mint; a bank. + +_Pepper._ _Peppor_, or _peopor_, pepper. + +_Peppercorn._ _Peppor_, pepper; _corn_, corn. A peppercorn. + +_Pile._ _Píl_, a pile, dart, pole, stake. + +_Pilking._ _Píl_, a pile, dart; _cyng_, a king, ruler, prince. Pile-king; +warrior-king. + +_Pilkington._ _Pilking_, Pilking; _tún_, house. Home of Pilking. + +_Pitt._ _Pitt_, a well, a hole. + +_Pitfield._ _Pitt_, a well; _feld_, a field, pasture, plain. A plain full +of excavations. + +_Pitkin._ _Pitt_, Pitt; _cyn_, kindred, posterity, nation. Pitt’s +posterity. + +_Pitts._ _Pitt_, Pitt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Pitt’s son; son of Pitt. + +_Pitman._ _Pitt_, a pit, a hole, a well; _man_, a man. A man who works in +a pit; a pitman. + +_Pittenger._ _Pitt_, Pitt; _eng_ for _ing_, descendant; _er_, a personal +suffix. Descendant of Pitt. + +_Plag._ _Plæga_, play, sport, pastime, wager. + +_Plagman._ _Plæga_, play, pastime, wager; _man_, a man. Man of pleasure. +Plagemann, a cognate form. + +_Plumly._ _Plume_, a plum; _líc_, form, shape, substance. Plum-shape. + +_Porter._ _Port_, port, haven, town, city, gate of a town; _er_, a +personal suffix. A gate-keeper. + +_Portman._ _Port_, a city; _man_, a man. A citizen. + +_Preston._ _Preost_, a priest, presbyter, clergyman; _tún_, a house. A +parsonage. + +_Prevost._ _Prafost_, prevost, president. + +_Priestly_. _Preost_, a priest; _líc_, like. Priest-like. + +_Pund._ _Púnd_, a pound, a fold. + +_Punger._ _Pung_, a purse; _er_, a personal termination. A purser. + +_Punt._ _Punt_, a boat. + +_Pusey._ _Púse_, a purse, a bag. + +_Poole._ _Púl_, pronounced _pool_, a pool. + +_Pyle._ _Pyle_, a pillow, a cushion. Pywell, perhaps, from the same root. + +_Pyne._ _Pín_, a pine. + +_Pyott._ _Pytt_, a pit, a well. Piatt, a kindred name. + + +Q. + +_Quain._ _Queán_, a barren cow. + +_Queen._ _Quén_, a wife. Quen, Quein, of similar derivation. + +_Quick._ _Cwic_, quick, living, active. + +_Quicksell._ _Cwic_, active; _sel_, a companion. An active companion. +Quicksall, a slightly modified term. + + +R. + +_Raake._ _Ræce_, a rach, a setting dog. + +_Rackham._ _Ræce_, Raake; _hám_, house. Home of Raake. + +_Radcliff._ _Rád_, that on which one rides, a road; _clyf_, a rock, a +steep descent. A road-cliff. Radcliffe, another spelling. + +_Raddington._ _Ræding_, Reading; _tún_, town. Town of Reading. + +_Raddish._ _Rædic_, from _rǽd_, red, and _isc_, an adjective termination +denoting like. Red-like; a radish. Radisch, Radish, of similar origin. + +_Rader._ _Rád_, traveling, journeying; _er_, a personal suffix. A +traveler. + +_Radeker._ _Rǽd_, red; _æcer_, acre, field, land. A red field. + +_Radfield._ _Rǽd_, red; _feld_, a plain. A red plain. + +_Radford._ _Rǽd_, red; _fōrd_, a ford, a stream. A red ford. + +_Radley._ _Rǽd_, red; _líc_, like. Red-like. + +_Rae._ _Rá_, a roebuck, a hart. + +_Raeder._ _Rá-deór_, a roebuck. + +_Rafferty._ _Ræfter_, a rafter, a perch. Doubtless, a corruption of +_ræfter_, produced by removing _t_, and placing it at the end of the word. + +_Rahill._ _Rá_, a roe, a hart; _hill_, a hill. Roe-hill. + +_Rahm._ _Ram_, or _ramm_, a ram. Rahme, of like significance. + +_Rahn._ _Rán_, a whale. + +_Rahner._ _Rán_, a whale; _er_, a personal suffix. A whaler. + +_Raith._ _Ræth_, quick. Rath, of like import. + +_Ramm._ _Ramm_, a ram, a male sheep. + +_Rammage._ _Ram_, a ram; _mæg_, female. The female of the ram; an ewe. + +_Ramsey._ _Rammes-íg_, from _rammes_, genitive of _ramin_, ram; _ig_, an +island. Isle of Ram. Ramsay, from the same roots. + +_Ramson._ _Ram_, Ramm; _sun_, son. Son of Ramm. + +_Ranck._ _Ranc_, proud, haughty, rebellious, rank, fruitful. Rancke, +slightly altered form. + +_Rand._ _Rand_, a border, rim, edge, a shield, a bosc. + +_Randall._ _Ran_, a deer; _dál_, or _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. +Deer-valley. Randell, Randle, of like parentage. + +_Randolph._ _Ran_, plunder, _dǽlf_, a delving, a digging. +Plunder-delving. + +_Rankin._ _Ran_, a deer; _cyn_, kin, race, tribe, kind. Deer-tribe. + +_Rankins._ _Rankin_, Rankin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rankin. Ranken, +from the same. + +_Ranks._ _Rank_, Rank, from _rænc_, pride, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of +Rank; son of pride. + +_Rapp._ _Ráp_, a rope, a cord. + +_Rapson._ _Ráp_, Rapp; _sun_, son. Son of Rapp. + +_Rasbold._ _Rǽs_, a rush, an onset, an attack; _báld_, bold, audacious, +courageous, honorable. A courageous attack. + +_Rasch._ _Rǽs_, a rush, an onset, an attack. + +_Ratcliff._ _Ræt_, a rat; _clyf_, a nest. Rat-nest. + +_Rathfon._ _Rathe_, swift, nimble, ready; _fon_, a fan. A nimble fan. + +_Rau._ _Rawe_, head of hair. + +_Rauch._ _Reác_, smoke, reek, vapor. + +_Raucher._ _Reác_, smoke; _er_, a personal suffix. A smoker. + +_Rauchfuss._ _Reác_, smoke; _fús_, ready. Smoke ready. Ready for smoke. + +_Rawle._ _Rǽw_, a corpse; _el_, denoting a person. Human corpse. Rawley, +of like derivation. + +_Rawlings._ _Rawl_, Rawl; _ingas_, sons of. Sons of Rawl, or Rawle. +Rawlins, contraction of the same. + +_Rea._ _Rea_, a padder, a highwayman, an assailant, a stroller. + +_Reabey._ _Rea_, a highwayman; _bý_, a habitation. Dwelling of a +highwayman. + +_Reabon._ _Rea_, an assailant; _bon_, fatal. A deadly assailant. + +_Reach._ _Reác_, smoke, reek, vapor. + +_Read._ _Read_, red. Reade, Reed, from the same root. + +_Reading._ _Read_, Read; _ing_, offspring. Son of Read. Redding, of like +origin. + +_Reardon._ _Reardian_, to speak, converse, read. + +_Reaser._ _Reás_, rushed; _er_, a personal suffix. A hurried person. + +_Reath._ _Réthe_, savage, fierce, hard, severe, austere. + +_Reck._ _Rec_, an interpreter, explainer. Recke, another spelling. + +_Reckefuss._ _Rec_, an interpreter; _fús_, ready. A ready interpreter. + +_Reckless._ _Recce-leas_, from _recc_, care; _leas_, free from. Free from +care; careless; reckless. + +_Reddick._ _Rædic_, a radish. + +_Reddington._ _Redding_, Redding; _tún_, house. Home of Redding. + +_Redmond._ _Rǽd_, ready; _mond_, hand. Ready hand. + +_Redner._ _Rǽd_, ready; _nere_, a refuge. A ready refuge. + +_Reece._ _Resce_, a rush. Rees, Reese, more modernized forms of the name. + +_Reeh._ _Reh_, a deluge. + +_Reehm._ _Hream_, a shout. + +_Reel._ _Reol_, a reel. + +_Reen._ _Rén_, robbery. Perhaps, from _rén_, rain. + +_Reenan._ _Rínan_, pronounced _reenan_, to rain. + +_Regelmann._ _Regel_, a rule, a law, a canon; _mann_, man. A ruler; a +lawyer. + +_Rehfuss._ _Reh_, a deluge; _fús_, prompt, quick, ready. A ready deluge. + +_Rehm._ _Rem_, cream. + +_Rein._ _Rein_, pure, sincere, chaste. + +_Reinhart._ _Rein_, sincere, pure, clean, chaste; _heart_, or _heort_, a +heart. A pure heart. + +_Reining._ _Rein_, Rein; _ing_, an offspring, a descendant. Son of Rein. + +_Reinking._ _Rein_, sincere, honest; _cyng_, a king. An honest king. + +_Reme._ _Rem_, cream. + +_Remington._ _Rem_, Reme; _ing_, offspring; _tún_, town, dwelling. House +of the son of Reme. + +_Rench._ _Renc_, pride, arrogance. + +_Rendell._ _Rene_, a water-course; _dál_, a dale, a valley. A valley +stream. + +_Reneker._ _Reonig_, tired, weary, sad; _er_, a personal termination. A +tired person; a mourner. + +_Renne._ _Rene_, a course, race, life, a water-course. Sometimes written +Renn. + +_Rennick._ _Rénig_, showery, having watery eyes, blear-eyed. + +_Resch._ _Resce_, a rush. + +_Ressler._ _Resele_, a riddle. + +_Retter._ _Rét_, cheerful; _er_, denoting personality. A cheerful person. + +_Rhawn._ _Hrán_, Anglicised form would be _rhán_, a whale. + +_Rhea._ _Rǽh_, a doe, a roe. + +_Rheem._ _Hream_, a shout, clamor, a crying out, wailing, hue and cry. + +_Rice._ _Rice_, power, dominion, greatness, kingdom, region. + +_Riceman._ _Rice_, power, greatness; _man_, a man. A man of power; a +person of influence. + +_Richard._ _Rice_, or _riche_, rich, powerful, mighty; _ard_, implying an +ensign of office. A mighty ruler. + +_Richardson._ _Richard_, Richard; _sun_, son. Son of Richard. Richards, +contraction for the same. + +_Richmond._ _Riche_, mighty, powerful; _mond_, a hand. A mighty hand. + +_Ridd._ _Rídda_, a knight, a rider. + +_Rider._ _Ríd-ere_, from _rídan_, to ride, sit or rest upon, press; +_ere_, implying person. A rider; a knight. Ryder, from the same roots. + +_Ridge._ _Ricg_, a stack, a back. + +_Ridings._ _Rid_, Ridd; _ings_, descendants of. Sons of Ridd. + +_Riegel._ _Rige_, rye; _el_, a termination denoting a person. A rye-man; +a cultivator of rye; baker of rye-bread. + +_Riegg._ _Rige_, rye, by transposing the positions of _g_ and _e_, +becomes Rieg, and this differs from the name under consideration only in +the absence of the additional _g_. Rigg, of similar import. + +_Riehl._ _Rihel_, doubtless the original, is from _rih_, hairy, rough, +and _el_, denoting personality. A hairy man; a rough person. Riehle, +Rile, Riley, of analogous derivation. + +_Riff._ _Rif_, a womb. Rife, perhaps, from the same root. + +_Riffert._ _Rifter_, a sickle, a reaper. + +_Rigby._ _Rig_, Rigg; _bý_, habitation. Dwelling of Rigg. + +_Rigger._ _Rigg_, Rigg; _er_, implying person. One who is a Rigg. + +_Riggin._ _Rigg_, Rigg; _in_, an inn, a dwelling. Rigg’s inn. + +_Riggins._ _Riggin_, Riggin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Riggin. + +_Riggs._ _Rigg_, Rigg; _s_ for sun, son. Son of Rigg. + +_Righter._ _Riht-ere_, from _riht_, right, justice, law, true, just; +_ere_, denoting a person. A governor; a ruler. + +_Rightley._ _Riht-líce_, from _riht_, right, just; _líce_, like, ly. +Right-like; rightly; justly. + +_Riling._ _Ril_, Ril, Riehl; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Riehl. +Rilling, of similar significance. + +_Rimby._ _Rím_, a number, reckoning, computation, calendar; _bý_, a +habitation. Home of an arithmetician. + +_Rimer._ _Rím_, number, reckoning, calendar; _er_, a personal suffix. An +arithmetician; a reckoner; an astronomer. Rimmer, derivable from the same +roots. + +_Rind._ _Rind_, the rind, bark; _fús_, ready. Prepared bark. + +_Rindge._ _Hrincg_, or _ringe_, a ring. + +_Rinear._ _Rín_, course, course of years, life; _ear_, ocean, sea. +Life-sea; sea of life. + +_Rinehart._ _Rín_, race, course: _heort_, the heart. Race-heart; rapid +heart-action. + +_Ringe._ _Ringe_, a ring. Ring, an abbreviated form of the name. + +_Ringeisen._ _Ringe_, a ring; _isen_, made of iron. An iron ring. + +_Ringer._ _Ringe_, a ring; _er_, denoting a person. Ring-maker. + +_Ringgold._ _Ringe_, a ring; _gold_, gold. A gold ring. Ring-gold, of +like derivation. + +_Ringle._ _Ringe_, a ring; _el_, a termination denoting a person. +Ring-wearer; betrothed lady. + +_Ringley._ _Ringe_, a ring; _líce_, like, ley, ly. Ring-like. + +_Rink._ _Rinc_, a soldier, warrior, hero, a valiant or honorable man, a +man. Rinick, doubtless, a corruption of the same. + +_Rinker._ _Rinc_, a warrior, a valiant man; _ere_, an agent. A warrior. + +_Rínne_. _Rine_, a race, course, life. + +_Ripley._ _Ríp_, harvest, reaping; _ley_, a song. A harvest-song. + +_Ripp._ _Ríp_, harvest, reaping. + +_Rippel._ _Ríp_, harvest, reaping; _el_, denoting a person. A reaper; a +harvester. + +_Ripperger._ _Ríp_, harvest; _earg_, weak, evil, wretched, idle; _ere_, a +person. An idle harvester. + +_Rishel._ _Risel_, a handle. Rishell, Rissell, other spellings. + +_Risdon._ _Rísendan_, a jangling fellow. + +_Risk._ _Risce_, a rush. + +_Risley._ _Risel_, doubtless, first changed to _risle_, a handle. + +_Ristine._ _Ríst_, Rist; _ine_ for _in_, an inn, a dwelling. Rist’s inn. + +_Ritner._ _Rit_, ears of corn, a heap of fruit, corn, or grain; _nere_, +support, protect, refuge. Corn-support. + +_Ritter._ _Rít_, rides; _ere_, a person. A rider. + +_Ritterson._ _Ritter_, Ritter; _sun_, son. Son of Ritter. + +_Roach._ _Reohche_, a roach, a thornback. Roache, Roche, Roatch, Roesch, +Roetsck, cognate forms. + +_Roat._ _Rót_, cheerful, rejoicing, splendid, adorned. + +_Roats._ _Roat_, Roat; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Roat. Roetz, possibly, +from the same. + +_Rodbard._ _Reod_, red; _beard_, beard. Red beard. Robert is, in +Anglo-Saxon, Rod-beard, and doubtless comes from the same roots. + +_Rodd._ _Reod_, red. + +_Rodden._ _Reod_, red; _ian_, indicative of a verb. Redden; make red. + +_Roddy._ _Reod_, red; _ig_, an adjective termination. Ruddy; florid. + +_Rode._ _Reód_, a reed. + +_Rodearmel._ _Reod_, red; _earm_, arm; _el_, indicating a person. A +red-armed person. + +_Rodebaugh._ _Reod_, red; _bæc_, back. Red back. Rodenbaugh, of like +derivation. + +_Rodel._ _Reod_, red; _el_, a personal suffix. A person of ruddy +complexion. + +_Rodgers._ _Rodger_, from _reod_, red; _ierre_, anger, indignation, +fury; and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rodger; son of red-visaged anger. +Rodgerson is an unabbreviated form of the name, and Rogers a slight +modification thereof. + +_Rodig._ _Reod_, red; _ig_, an adjective termination. Ruddy. + +_Rodiger._ _Rodig_, ruddy; _er_, a person. A ruddy person. + +_Rodine._ _Rod_, Rode; _inne_, an inn. Rode’s inn. + +_Rodisch._ _Reod_, red; _isc_, an adjective termination denoting the +external quality of a subject. Reddish. + +_Rodman._ _Reod_, red; _mann_, man. A ruddy man; a red-complexioned +person. + +_Rodner._ _Reod_, red; _nere_, support, protection. A zealous support. +Perhaps, from _rǽdanere_, a reader, an interpreter. + +_Rodney._ _Rǽdne_, law, counsel, control, condition. + +_Rodrick._ _Roder_, firmament, sky, heavens; _ríce_, power, dominion, +greatness, kingdom. Heavenly power. Roderick, a more closely related form. + +_Roe._ _Rá_, pronounced _rō_, a roe, a doe. + +_Roebuck._ _Rá_, a roe; _buc_, a buck. A roebuck. + +_Roeck._ _Roec_, smoke. + +_Roecker._ _Roec_, smoke; _er_, a person. A smoker. + +_Roeckle._ _Roec_, smoke; _le_ for _el_, denoting a person. A reeking, +steaming person. + +_Roedel._ _Rá_, a roe; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. The vale of the roe. +Roedell, of like significance. + +_Roeder._ _Rá-deór_, a roebuck. + +_Roeger._ _Rǽge_, pronounced _ro-ge_, a roe, a doe; _ere_, an agent. A +roe-hunter. + +_Roegler._ _Rǽge_, a roe; _lǽr_, learning. Roe-knowledge. + +_Roehl._ _Hreol_, a reel. _Roell_, of kindred meaning. + +_Roehler._ _Hreol_, a reel; _ere_, an agent. A spinster; a dancer. +Roeller, from the same roots. + +_Roehm._ _Rá_, roe; _hm_ for _hám_, home, dwelling, habitation. Home of +the roe. + +_Roellig._ _Hreol_, a reel; _ig_, an adjective ending. Reeling; whirling. + +_Roeper._ _Reapere_, pronounced _roepere_, a seizer, spoiler, robber. + +_Roerich._ _Rá_, roe; _ríce_, a region, a country. The region of the +roebuck. + +_Roese._ _Rose_, a rose. + +_Roeser._ _Rose_, a rose; _ere_, an agent. A rose-grower. + +_Roessing._ _Roess_, Roese; _ing_, offspring. Son of Roese. + +_Roessler._ _Rose_, a rose; _lǽr_, lore, learning. Rose-knowledge. + +_Roff._ _Róf_, famous, renowned, illustrious, brave. + +_Roffel._ _Róf_, famous, illustrious; _el_, denoting a person. A famous +person. Roffle, of kindred signification. + +_Rogge._ _Rǽge_, pronounced _rōge_, a roe, a doe. + +_Rohde._ _Ród_, pronounced _rohd_, genitive _rohde_, rood, cross. +Belonging to the cross. + +_Rohe._ _Reoh_, rough, fierce, stormy, cruel. + +_Rohlfing._ _Hreol_, a reel; _fing_, doubtless, a contraction of +_finger_, a finger. The reel-finger. Perhaps the name is derivable from +_hreol_, a reel, and _fiong_, hatred. Hatred of the reel. + +_Rohm._ _Róm_, pronounced _Rohm_, Rome. + +_Rohman._ _Róman_, pronounced _Rohman_, genitive of _Róm_. Belonging to +Rome. + +_Roland._ _Row_, sweet, quiet; _land_, land, ground, earth, field, +region, country. Sweet land; quiet country. Rolan, Rowland, kindred terms. + +_Rolen._ _Row_, sweet; _leán_, reward, price. Sweet reward. + +_Rolf._ _Row_, quiet, restful; _lf_ for _líf_, life. A quiet life. +Roloff, Rolph, cognate terms. + +_Rolfing._ _Rolf_, Rolf; _ing_, offspring, descendant. Son of Rolf. + +_Romberg._ _Róm_, Rome; _beorg_, a hill fortification, citadel, defence, +refuge. Citadel of Rome. + +_Romberger._ _Róm_, Rome; _beorg-ere_, defender of a citadel. Defender of +the citadel of Rome. + +_Rombold._ _Róm_, Rome; _báld_, bold, courageous. Courageous Rome. + +_Romel._ _Róm_, Rome; _el_, denoting a person. Citizen of Rome. Rommel, +Rommell, of like origin. + +_Romig._ _Reómig_, tired, weary. + +_Rommelman._ _Rommel_, Romel; _man_, a servant. The servant of Romel. + +_Romoser._ _Róm_, Rome; _O’ster_, Easter. Roman Easter. + +_Ronald._ _Rún_, pronounced _rown_, a letter, magical character, mystery, +council, meditation, conversation; _ald_, an age. An age of mystery. + +_Ronaldson._ _Ronald_, Ronald; _sun_, son. Son of Ronald. + +_Ronan._ _Rúnan_, pronounced _rownan_, a whisperer, a sorcerer. + +_Rone._ _Rún_, a letter, a mystery, a council; _e_, indicating person. A +man of mysteries; a sage. Roney, Rooney, from the same roots. + +_Rood._ _Ród_, pronounced _rood_, rood, cross. + +_Roof._ _Róf_, pronounced _roof_, top, the highest part of a house or +chamber. + +_Roohr._ _Rure_, pronounced _ruher_, a noise. + +_Rook._ _Róc_, pronounced _rook_, a rook. Rooke, Ruch, Ruck, other +spellings. + +_Rooks._ _Rook_, Rook: _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rook. + +_Rookstool._ _Rook_, Rook; _stól_, pronounced _stool_, seat, chair, +throne. Rook’s chair or throne. + +_Room._ _Rúm_, pronounced _rowm_, room, space, place, wide, open, +spacious, ample, of good cheer or heart, august, fortunate. Roome, of +like import. + +_Roomes._ _Roome_, Room; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Room. + +_Roop._ _Roop_, _rop_, a distaff. + +_Root._ _Rúte_, pronounced originally _rowte_, rue, a plant. + +_Roots._ _Root_, Root; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Root. + +_Roper._ _Rop_, a distaff; _er_, a person. The woman who twirls the +distaff. + +_Roppel._ _Rop_, a distaff; _el_, a personal ending. A distaff. + +_Roray._ _Rure_, pronounced _ruhr-e_, a noise, the final _e_ taking the +French sound of _a_. + +_Rorer._ _Rure_, a noise; _ere_, an agent. One who makes a noise; a +babbler; a prattler. + +_Rose._ _Rose_, pronounced _raws_, a rose. Ross, Rosse, Roos, analogous +forms. + +_Rosebery._ _Rose_, a rose; _berige_, a berry. The fruit of the rose. + +_Roseman._ _Rose_, Rose; _man_, a servant. A servant of Rose. Rosemann, +of like derivation. + +_Rosen._ _Rose_, Rose; _en_, resembling. Resembling Rose; rosy; blooming. + +_Rosenacker._ _Rosen_, Rosen; _æcer_, acre. Rosen’s acre; ground +belonging to Rosen. + +_Rosenfeld._ _Rosen_, Rosen; _feld_, field, pasture, plain. Rosen’s +field; a blooming pasture. Rosenfelt, from the same roots. + +_Rosensky._ _Rosen_, rosy, flushed; Danish _sky_, a cloud. A crimson +cloud. + +_Rosewarne._ _Rose_, a rose; _wearn_, a hindrance, obstacle, resistance, +denial. Rose-obstacle. + +_Rosewig._ _Rose_, a rose; _wig_, war, warfare, battle. Rose-warfare. + +_Roskeep._ _Rose_, a rose; _ceáp_, a bargain, sale, business, chattel. +Rose-sale. + +_Rosney._ _Rose_, a rose; _ney_, from the Irish, an individual, an agent. +Rose-dealer. + +_Rost._ _Rǽst_, pronounced _rost_, rest, repose, a place of rest, a bed. + +_Rowan._ _Rówan_, pronounced _roow-an_, to row, to sail. Rowand, Roan, +from the same root. + +_Rowe._ _Reowe_, an Irish mantle or rug, soldier’s cloak, a frieze +cassock, a priest’s garment. Row, of like significance. + +_Rowson._ _Row_, Rowe; _sun_, son. Son of Rowe. + +_Rox._ _Rocks_, from _Rock_, Rock; _s_ for _sun_. Son of Rock. Rock is +from the Irish _roc_, pronounced _rokh_, a rock. + +_Roxberry._ _Roxbury_, from _Rox_, Rox, and _byrig_, a town, a city. Town +of Rox. + +_Roxbrough._ _Roxborough_, from _Rox_, Rox, and _burh_, a town, a city. +Town of Rox. + +_Rucher._ _Róc_, a rook; _er_, indicative of a person. One who acts like +a rook; a croaker. In the South of Germany _ruch_, a rook, is the form of +the word, and this agrees much better with the name under consideration. + +_Ruckman._ _Ruck_, Ruck; _man_, a servant. Ruck’s servant. + +_Rucks._ _Ruck_, Ruck; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Ruck. + +_Rudd._ _Rud_, red, ruddy. Later _rud_, became a noun, and signified +redness, blush, ruddle, red ochre, and a river-fish. The last-named, from +its red eyes, was called the rudd, or red-eye. + +_Rudden._ _Rud_, red, ruddy; _en_, a termination of adjectives and +participles. Make red; ruddy. + +_Rudduck._ _Rudduc_, robin-red-breast. Ruddick, Ruddach, Ruddock, kindred +names. + +_Ruddiman._ _Rud_, ruddy; _ig_, an adjective ending; _man_, a man. A +ruddy man. Rudman, Rudmann, of like significance. + +_Ruddy._ _Rud_, ruddy; _ig_, implying an adjective. Ruddy. Rudy, of same +derivation. + +_Ruder._ _Rud_, ruddy; _er_, a person. A ruddy person. + +_Rudge._ _Rud_, red; _íge_, an island. Red island. + +_Rudhart._ _Rud_, red, ruddy; _heort_, a hart. A ruddy stag. + +_Rudling._ _Rud_, ruddy; _ling_, denoting state or condition of a person, +an image, an example. Healthy condition; picture of health. + +_Rudloff._ _Rud_, redness, blush; _lóf_, praise. Blush-praise. + +_Rudolph._ _Rud_, red ochre, red iron-ore; _dǽlf_, pronounced _dolf_, a +delving, a digging. Iron-digging. + +_Ruf._ _Hróf_, or _róf_, a roof, a raised part. Perhaps, from +_róf_, famous, renowned, illustrious. Rufe, Ruff, Ruoff, of kindred +signification. + +_Ruffell._ _Hróf_, a roof, a raised part; _el_, denoting a person. A +roof-rearer; a ruff-wearer. + +_Rumbol._ _Rúm_, room, space, place; _bol_, a sleeping-room. + +_Rumboltz._ _Rúm_, a room; _boltes_, genitive of _bolt_, a house. Room of +a dwelling. + +_Rumel._ _Rúm_, a room; _el_, indicative of a person. A room-mate. +Rummel, Rummell, from the same. + +_Rumford._ _Rúm_, wide, spacious, ample; _ford_, a ford. A spacious ford. + +_Rumig._ _Rúm_, a room; _ig_, an adjective ending. Roomy; spacious; ample. + +_Rumsey._ _Rúm_, room, space, place; _rumes_, genitive of space; _íg_, an +island. A spacious island. + +_Runner._ _Rún_, pronounced _roon_, mystery; _ere_, a person. A dealer in +mysteries; a sorcerer. + +_Runser._ _Rún-seó-ere_, from _rún_, a secret; _seó_, I see; _ere_, a +person. A foreteller of secrets. + +_Runyon._ _Rún-ian_, to whisper, to speak mysteriously, from _rún_, a +mystery, and _ian_, a verbal ending. + +_Rusch._ _Risce_, pronounced _reesche_, a rush. Rush, Rusk, from the same. + +_Rusher._ _Rush_, Rush; _er_, a person. One who is a Rush; son of Rush; +one who uses the rush. + +_Rushman._ _Rush_, Rush; _man_, a servant. A servant of Rush; a +rush-collector. + +_Rushmire._ _Risce_, rush; _mere_, a mere, lake, pool. A rush-pool. + +_Rushton._ _Rush_, Rush; _tún_, town, house. Home of Rush; habitation of +the rush. + +_Rushworth._ _Rush_, Rush; _weordh_, worth, worthy, honorable. An +estimable Rush; value of rushes. + +_Rust._ _Rust_, rust, rustiness. + +_Ruth._ _Rúte_, rue, a bitter herb. From the bitter property of the rue, +we have _ruth_, expressive of pity, sorrow, tenderness for the misery of +another, mercy. Rutt, more closely related to derivation. + +_Rutnard._ _Ruth_, rue, pity, sorrow; _ard_, an ensign of office, such as +a pole, staff, etc. A physician; a clergyman; a consoler. + +_Rutherford._ _Ruther_, Rutter; _ford_, a ford. Rutter’s ford. + +_Ruths._ _Ruth_, Ruth; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Ruth. + +_Rutledge._ _Rúte_, rue; _leger_, place for laying or lying, as bed, +couch, grave, churchyard. Rue-bed; a bed of rue. + +_Rutter._ _Rutt_, Rutt, or Ruth; _ere_, a person. A descendant of Rutt. + +_Ruttley._ _Rutt_, Rutt; _ley_ for _líc_, having the form of. Resembling +Rutt. + +_Ruttman._ _Rutt_, Rutt; _man_, a servant. Rutt’s servant. + +_Rutty._ _Rúte_, rue; _ig_, an adjective termination. Like rue. Or, +_Rutt_, Rutt; _ig_, expressing the quality of. Having the character of +Rutt. + +_Rutz._ _Rutts_, from _Rutt_, Rutt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rutt. + +_Ruwell._ _Ruw_, rough, hairy; _el_, denoting a person. A rough, or hairy +person. + +_Ruxton._ _Rucks_, Rucks; _tún_, town, habitation. Home of Rucks. + +_Ryer._ _Rye_, hairy; _ere_, a person. A hairy person. + +_Ryerson._ _Ryer_, Ryer; _sun_, son. Son of Ryer. + +_Ryers._ _Ryer_, Ryer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Ryer. + +_Ryland._ _Rye_, hairy, rough; _land_, ground, earth, region, country. A +rough country. + + +S. + +_Saake._ _Sæc_, pronounced _sahke_, war, battle. + +_Saal._ _Sæl_, pronounced _sahal_, a hall. + +_Saam._ _Sǽme_, pronounced _sā-am_, weak, slow, lazy, bad. + +_Sabin._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bin_, a crib, a manger, a bin, a hatch. +Sea-crib. Sabine, of like import. + +_Sabins._ _Sabin_, Sabin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sabin. + +_Sabold._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bóld_, a house. A sea-house; a ship. + +_Sabot._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bát_, boat. A sea-boat; a ship. + +_Sacal._ _Sacol_, from _sǽ_, the sea; _cól_, coal. Sea-coal. + +_Sach._ _Sæc_, pronounced _săc_, a sack, a bag. Sack, of like derivation. + +_Sachs._ _Sach_, Sach; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sach. Saches, Sachse, +Sacks, from the same roots. + +_Sackwright._ _Sæc_, a sack; _wyrhta_, a workman, artificer, wright, +maker. A sack-maker. + +_Saddington._ _Sæd_, pronounced _sad_, satisfied, sated; _dincg_, broken +or fallow ground; _tún_, a farm. A farm of sated, fallow ground. + +_Sadler._ _Sadel_, a saddle; _ere_, an agent. A saddle-maker. Sadleir, +Saddler, cognate terms. + +_Sæger._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _ger_, a year. Sea-year. + +_Saffer._ _Sæfn_, pronounced _safn_, a dream; _er_, an agent. A dreamer. + +_Saffin._ _Sæfn_, pronounced _safin_, a dream. + +_Safford._ _Sæfn_, a dream; _órd_, author. Dream-author. + +_Sage._ _Sage_, a sage, a wise man. + +_Sagee._ _Sage_, a sage; _e_, denoting a derivative adjective. Wise; +philosophical. + +_Sagehorn._ _Sage_, a sage; _horn_, a pinnacle, a trumpet. A sage’s +trumpet. + +_Sager._ _Sage_, a sage; _ere_, a person. A man of wisdom. + +_Sagers._ _Sager_, Sager; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sager. + +_Saget._ _Sage_, a sage; _æt_, meat, food. The food of a sage. + +_Sague._ _Sag_, pronounced _săg_, a sack. + +_Saiger._ _Sag_, a sack; _er_, an agent. A sack-maker. + +_Sainsbury._ _Sanctes_, genitive of _sanct_, a saint; _bury_, from +_beorh_, a place of burial. Saint’s burying-place. + +_Sale._ _Sæl_, pronounced _sā-el_, a cord, a strap. Saile, from the same +root. + +_Saler._ _Sæl_, a cord; _er_, an agent. A cord-maker. + +_Sales._ _Sale_, Sale; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sale. + +_Salfinger_. _Sæl_, a cord; _finger_, a finger. Cord-finger. + +_Salin._ _Sale_, Sale; _in_, a habitation. Sale’s dwelling. + +_Saling._ _Sale_, Sale; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Sale. + +_Salinger._ _Saling_, Saling; _er_, an agent. A servant of Saling. + +_Salisbury._ _Salis_, Sale’s; _beorh_, a burrow, or barrow. Sale’s barrow. + +_Saalmann._ _Sæl_, pronounced _sa-al_, a hall; _mann_, a man. Hall-man. + +_Salt._ _Salt_, salt. + +_Salter._ _Salt_, salt; _ere_, an agent. A manufacturer of salt. Also, +from _saltere_, a psaltery, a dulcimer. + +_Salters._ _Salter_, Salter; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Salter. + +_Sanborn._ _Sand_, earth; _born_, born. Earth-born. + +_Sand._ _Sand_, sand, earth. + +_Sandberg._ _Sand_, sand; _berg_, a hill. A sand-hill. + +_Sandberger._ _Sandberg_, a sand-hill; _er_, an agent. A sand-hill +dweller. + +_Sander._ _Sand_, sand, earth; _er_, an agent, or doer. A sand-digger. +Saner, a contraction of the same. + +_Sanders._ _Sander_, Sander; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sander. Saunders, +of like derivation. + +_Sanderson._ _Sander_, Sander; _sun_, son. Son of Sander. Saunderson, +similarly derived. + +_Sandford._ _Sand_, sand; _ford_, a ford. A sandy ford. Sanford, an +abbreviation of the name. + +_Sandgran._ _Sand_, sand; Latin _granum_, a grain. A grain of sand. + +_Sandgren._ _Sand_, sand; _grene_, green. Green sand. + +_Sands._ _Sand_, Sand; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sand. + +_Sandy._ _Sand-ig_, from _sand_, sand, and _ig_, an adjective ending. +Sandy. + +_Sangborne._ _Sang_, song; _born_, born. Song-born. + +_Sanger._ _Sang_, a song; _ere_, an agent. A singer. + +_Sangers._ _Sanger_, a singer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sanger; son of +a singer. + +_Sank._ _Sanc_, a song. + +_Sapp._ _Sæpp_, pronounced _sapp_, sap, juice. + +_Sappel._ _Sæpp_, sap, juice; _el_, an agent. A sapper. + +_Sapper._ _Sæpp_, sap; _ere_, an agent. A sapper. + +_Sappington._ _Sæpp_, sap; _ing_, denoting action; _tún_, town, village. +A sapping town. + +_Sarfert._ _Sár_, wound, sore, pain, grief; _ferht_, fright, fear. +Pain-fear. + +_Saring._ _Sár_, a wound; _ing_, expressive of action. Wound-producing. + +_Sattler._ _Sætel_, pronounced _sahtel_, a seat; _ere_, an agent. A +settler. + +_Saul._ _Sáwl_, pronounced _sáw-el_, a soul. Saull, of like import. + +_Saulnier._ _Sául_, a soul; _nere_, refuge, preservation. Soul-refuge. + +_Saulsberry._ _Sáules_, genitive of _sául_, a soul; _berry_, from +_byrig_, a city. Saul’s city; city of the soul. + +_Saulsburg._ _Saul’s_, genitive of Saul; _burg_, a city. Saul’s city. + +_Sawyer._ _Sáwere_, pronounced _saw-yere_, a sower. + +_Sawyers._ _Sawyer_, Sawyer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sawyer. + +_Sax._ _Sachs_, from _Sach_, Sach, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sach. +Saxe, of kindred meaning. + +_Saxer._ _Sax_, Sax; _ere_, an agent. A servant of Sax. + +_Saxton._ _Sax_, Sax; _tún_, town, house. Home of Sax. + +_Saybolt._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bolt_, a house, a dwelling. A sea-house; a +ship. + +_Sayer._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _ere_, an agent. A navigator. Sayre, from the +same roots. + +_Sayers._ _Sayer_, Sayer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sayer. Sayres, a +cognate form. + +_Saylor._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _lǽr_, pronounced _lore_, doctrine. +Sea-knowledge. + +_Scank._ _Scanca_, the hollow bone of the leg, the shank. + +_Scanlan._ _Scand_, shame, modesty, disgrace; _land_, land, earth, +region, country. Disgraced region. Scanlin, Scanlon of like significance. + +_Scannell._ _Scand_, shame, disgrace; _el_, a personal suffix. A person +in disgrace. + +_Scarborough._ _Scear_, an estate, landed property; _burh_, a town, a +city. The landed property of a town. + +_Scattergood._ _Sceat-wer_, a shooter; _gud_, good. A good shooter. + +_Schaab._ _Sceabb_, or _scæb_, a scab. + +_Schaaf._ _Sceaf_, pronounced _skaaf_, a sheaf, a bundle of corn. + +_Schaal._ _Sceale_, pronounced _skaal_, a school. Schall, of like +significance. + +_Schaar._ _Scear_, pronounced _skaar_, a share, a fortune, an estate. + +_Schaker._ _Sceacere_, pronounced _skaker_, a thief. + +_Schaler._ _Sceale_, a school; _ere_, an agent. A scholar. Schaller, a +kindred name. + +_Schallinger._ _Sceale_, a school; _ing_, expressive of action; _ere_, an +agent. One who is acquiring his schooling; a scholar. + +_Scham._ _Scame_, pronounced _skam_, shame, disgrace, nakedness. + +_Schamel._ _Sceamel_, a stool, footstool, bench, form, desk. + +_Schell._ _Scell_, a shell, a rind, a cavity. + +_Scobel._ _Scobl_, a shovel. + +_Scofield._ _Sceawe_, shoe; _feld_, a field, a plain. A shoe-field. + +_Scollean._ _Scól-lean_, from _scólu_, a school, and _lean_, reward. A +school-reward. Scollan, from the same roots. + +_Scollay._ _Scól-ley_, from _scólu_, a school, and _ley_, a song. A +school-song. + +_Scollin._ _Scól-in_, from _scólu_, a school, and _in_, a habitation. A +school-house. + +_Scollon._ _Scól-lond_, from _scólu_, a school, and _lond_, land. +School-land. + +_Scorr._ _Score_, the shore. + +_Scotland._ _Scot_, shot, payment; _land_, land. Payment-land. + +_Scotney._ _Scot_, shot, payment; _ney_, from the Irish, implying an +agent. A paymaster. + +_Scott._ _Scot_, shot, payment. + +_Scouler._ _Scolere_, a scholar. + +_Scovel._ _Scofl_, a shovel. + +_Scudder._ _Sculder_, a shoulder. + +_Seabert._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _beorht_, bright. Sea-bright. + +_Seabold._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bóld_, a house. A sea-house; a ship. + +_Seabourne._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _burne_, a stream. A sea-current. + +_Seabrook._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bróc_, a brook. A sea-brook; a rivulet that +empties into the sea. + +_Seagrove._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _græf_, a grove. A sea-grove; a grove near +the sea. + +_Seafert._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _ferdh_, a spirit. A sea-sprite. + +_Seal._ _Seal_, a willow, a sallow. Seel, an analogous name. Perhaps, +from _seal_, a seal. + +_Sealey._ _Seal_, a willow; _ig_, an adjective termination. Willowy; +abounding with willows. Sealy, Seely, Seeley, similarly derived. + +_Seals._ _Seal_, Seal; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seal. + +_Seaman._ _Sǽ-mann_, a sea-man. Seeman, Seemann, kindred names. + +_Seamans._ _Seaman_, Seaman; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seaman. + +_Seamen._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _men_, plural of _man_. Seamen. + +_Seamens._ _Seamen_, Seamen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seamen. + +_Seamon._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _mon_, man. A sea-man. + +_Seanor._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _nor_, for north. North Sea. + +_Search._ _Serce_, a shirt. + +_Searchfield._ _Search_, Search; _feld_, a field, a plain. Search’s field. + +_Sear._ _Sear_, from _searian_, to sear, to dry up. Dry; withered. + +_Searing._ _Sear_, Sear; _ing_, offspring. Son of Sear. + +_Searle._ _Sear-el_, from _sear_, sear, and _el_, denoting a personal +noun. A withered person; an aged person. Searl, from the same roots. + +_Searles._ _Searle_, Searle; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Searle. + +_Sears._ _Sear_, Sear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sear. + +_Seary._ _Sear_, dry, withered; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Withered. +Seeary, an analogous term. + +_Seaton._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _tún_, a town. A sea-town; a sea-port. + +_Sebald._ _Sé_, pronounced _se_, the sea; _báld_, bold, audacious. +Sea-daring. + +_Seckel._ _Sec_, battle; _el_, indicative of a person. A warrior. + +_Seckinger._ _Sec_, war, battle; _cyng_, a king, ruler, prince; _ere_, an +agent. A warrior-king. + +_Seddinger._ Perhaps, from _Sedling_, an Ethiopian, and _ere_, an agent. +A slave-trader. Sedenger, a corruption of the same. + +_Sedgwick._ _Secg_, warrior, soldier; _wic_, a camp, a station. A +military camp. + +_See._ _Sé_, pronounced _sē_, the sea. + +_Seebach._ _Sé_, the sea; _bæc_, pronounced _bāc_, back. An ebbing sea. + +_Seeber._ _Sé_, the sea; _bere_, a bear. A sea-bear. + +_Seeberger._ _Sé_, the sea; _berg_, a mountain, a hill; _ere_, an +agent. One that occupies a sea-mountain; a mermaid. Seeburger, of like +significance. + +_Seebeth._ _Sé_, the sea; Irish _beth_, a house. A sea-house; a +bath-house. + +_Seed._ _Séd_, pronounced _sēd_, seed. + +_Seeds._ _Seed_, Seed; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seed. + +_Seefelder._ _Sé_, the sea; _feld_, a field, a plain; _ere_, an agent. A +follower of the sea-plain; a seafaring man. + +_Seegrist._ _Sé_, the sea; _grist_, grist, a grinding. Sea-grist; +sea-grinding. Segrest, of like import. + +_Seehofer._ _Sé_, the sea; _hofer_, a humpback. The sea-humpback. + +_Seelaus._ _Sé_, the sea; _lus_, German _laus_, a louse. A sea-louse. + +_Seeler._ _Seal_, a seal; _ere_, an agent. A seal-fisher. + +_Seehorst._ _Sé_, the sea; _horst_, watching. Sea-watching. + +_Seelig._ _Sé_, the sea; _lig_, a flame. A sea-flame. Selig, an analogous +name. + +_Seelos._ _Sé_, the sea; _los_, loss, losing, destruction. Sea-loss. + +_Seery._ _Sé_, the sea; _ríe_, pronounced _rē_, power, dominion. +Sea-power. + +_Sees._ _See_, See; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of See. Seese, Seez, cognate +names. + +_Sefer._ _Sé_, the sea; _fer_, a journey. A sea-journey. + +_Sefton._ _Seft_, soft, mild, quiet; _tún_, a town, a house. A quiet home. + +_Segall._ _Sé_, the sea; _gál_, pronounced _gaul_, lightness, folly. +Sea-folly. + +_Segner._ _Segne_, a net; _ere_, an agent. A seiner. + +_Seher._ _Sé_, the sea, _here_, an army, a host, a legion. A sea-army; a +naval expedition. + +_Sehers._ _Seher_, Seher; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seher. + +_Selbert._ _Sel_, a dwelling, a palace, a hall; _beorht_, brightness. +Hall-brightness. + +_Selby._ _Sel_, a hall, a palace; _bý_, a habitation. A palatial dwelling. + +_Selden._ _Seld_, a royal seat, a throne, a palace; _en_, an adjective +ending. Palatial. + +_Selfridge._ _Self_, same, self-same; _ricg_, a back, a ridge, a roof. +Self-same ridge. + +_Seligman._ _Selig_, Selig; _man_, a servant. Selig’s servant. + +_Sell._ _Sel_, a dwelling, a mansion, a palace, a hall. + +_Seller._ _Sel_, a palace; _ere_, an agent. A king; a prince. + +_Sellers._ _Seller_, Seller; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seller. + +_Sellick._ _Sel_, a companion; _lic_, like. Companion-like. + +_Sells._ _Sell_, Sell; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sell. + +_Selman._ _Sell_, Sell; _man_, a servant. Servant of Sell; servant of a +palace. + +_Selner._ _Sel_, a palace; _nere_, refuge, protection. Palace-refuge; +protection of the king. + +_Selover._ _Sé_, the sea; _lóf-ere_, a lover. A sea-lover. + +_Selser._ _Sells-ere_, from _Sells_, son of Sell, and _ere_, an agent. A +servant of Sell’s son. Selser, perhaps, from the same roots. + +_Semebroth._ _Sæme_, weak; _bróth_, broth. Weak broth. + +_Semisch._ _Sem_, a seam, a bag; _isc_, like. Like a bag. + +_Semler._ _Sem_, a bag; _lǽr_, doctrine, knowledge. Bag-knowledge. + +_Senat._ _Senat_, a senate. Senate, from the same root. + +_Senatz._ _Senats_, from _Senat_, Senat, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of +Senat. + +_Senn._ _Sen_, sin. + +_Senneff._ _Senn_, Senn; _nefe_, a niece. Niece of Senn. + +_Senner._ _Senn_, Senn; _ere_, an agent. Senn’s servant. + +_Setner._ _Setnere_, a seditious person, a revolter. + +_Settel._ _Setel_, a settle, a seat, a bench, a stool. Settle, of similar +derivation. + +_Setter._ _Settere_, a thief. + +_Seubel._ _Séw_, the sea; _bel_, a bell. A sea-bell. + +_Seubert._ _Séw_, the sea; _beorht_, brightness. Sea-glistening. + +_Sharp._ _Scearp_, sharp. Sharpe, another spelling. + +_Sharpless._ _Scearp_, sharp; _læs_, less, comparative of _lytel_. Less +sharp. Sharples, of similar meaning. + +_Sharpley._ _Scearp_, sharp; _líc_, like. Sharp-like. + +_Sharps._ _Sharp_, Sharp; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sharp. + +_Sharr._ _Scear_, a ploughshare. Also, _scear_, a division. + +_Sharsig._ _Sceares_, genitive of _scear_, Sharr’s, and _ig_, an island. +Sharr’s island. + +_Sharswood._ _Sharr’s_, Sharrs; _wud_, wood. Sharr’s wood. Sharwood, an +abbreviated form of the name. + +_Shaw._ _Sceawe_, a show. + +_Sheaff._ _Sceaf_, a sheaf, a bundle of corn. + +_Shealer._ _Sceale_, a scale, a balance; _ere_, an agent. A weigher. + +_Shean._ _Sceán_, shone. Sheen, from the same root. + +_Shear._ _Scear_, sheared. Sheer, of like derivation. + +_Sheard._ _Sceard_, a sheard, a division, a remnant. + +_Sheardown._ _Scear_, sheared; _dún_, a mountain, hill, downs. A sheared +mountain; a shaven hill. + +_Shearer._ _Sceare-ere_, from _sceare_, shears, scissors, and _ere_, an +agent. One who uses the shears. + +_Shearf._ _Scearfan_, to carve in pieces; _scearfe_, a fragment. + +_Shearman._ _Sceare_, sheers; _man_, a man. A shearer; a reaper. + +_Shears._ _Shear_, Shear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Shear. + +_Shearwood._ _Scear_, sheared; _wud_, a wood. A cleared wood. Sherwood, +from the same. + +_Sheble._ _Sceabb_, a scab; _el_, denoting a person. A shabby fellow. + +_Sheck._ _Sceac_, slow, sluggish, lazy, benumbed, costive, bound. + +_Shecklin._ _Sceac-líne_, a line which fastens the bottom of a sail. + +_Shedaker._ _Sceáde_, genitive of _sceádo_, shadow; _æcer_, a field. A +field of shadow; a shaded field. + +_Shedden._ _Sceáden_, shaded, shadowed, overwhelmed, oppressed. + +_Sheddy._ _Sceáde_, genitive of _sceádo_, belonging to shade. Shady; +shadowy. + +_Shedinger._ _Sceádan_, to shade, to overwhelm, to oppress; _ing_, +expressive of action; _ere_, an agent. A person that overshadows another; +an oppressor. + +_Shedwick._ _Sceáde_, genitive of _sceádo_, a shadow, a shade; _wic_, a +habitation, a village, a convent. A habitation of shade; a shaded village. + +_Sheedy._ _Sceáde_, of shadow; _ig_, an island. An island of shadow; a +shaded island. + +_Sheeler._ _Sceale_, a scale, a balance; _ere_, an agent. A weigher; a +balancer. + +_Sheen._ _Scén_, pronounced _skēne_, sheen. + +_Sheering._ _Scír_, shire; _ing_, offspring, descendant. Son of the shire. + +_Sheldon._ _Scel_, a shell; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. A shell-hill. + +_Shell._ _Scell_, a shell. + +_Shellenberger._ _Scellenâ_, of shells; _berg_, a hill, a mountain; +_ere_, an agent. A dweller of a shell-hill. Shelberger, of similar +derivation. + +_Sheller._ _Scell_, a shell; _ere_, an agent. A dealer in shells. + +_Shelley._ _Scell_, a shell; _ig_, an adjective termination. Shelly. +Shelly, from the same roots. + +_Shelling._ _Scelling_, a shilling. Or, _Shell_, Shell; _ing_, an +offspring. A descendant of Shell. + +_Shellinger._ _Shelling_, Shelling; _ere_, an agent. A servant of +Shelling. + +_Shelmerdine._ _Scel_, a shell; _mere_, a mere, a lake, a sea; _dínne_, +stormy. A tempestuous shell-lake. + +_Shelton._ _Shell_, Shell; _tún_, town, house. Home of Shell. + +_Sheneman._ _Sheen_, Sheen; _man_, a servant. A servant of Sheen. + +_Shenton._ _Scén_, beautiful; _tún_, a house, a habitation. A beautiful +house. + +_Shepherd._ _Sceáp-hyrde_, from _sceáp_, sheep, and _hyrde_, a keeper of +sheep; a shepherd. Shepard, Shephard, Sheppard, analogous names. + +_Shepherdson._ _Shepherd_, Shepherd; _sun_, son. Son of Shepherd. +Shepperson, of like significance. + +_Shepler._ _Sceáp_, sheep; _lǽr_, doctrine. Sheep-knowledge. + +_Shepley._ _Sceáp_, sheep; _ley_, a lay, a song. A sheep-lay. + +_Sheran._ _Scéran_, to shear, to shave, to cut off, to share, to divide, +to grant. + +_Sherer._ _Sceare_, shears; _ere_, an agent. A shearer. Sherar, from the +same roots. + +_Sherick._ _Scer-icge_, an actress. Sherk, Shirk, possibly, from the same +derivation. + +_Sheridan._ _Scérian_, to divide, to rive, to part. + +_Sheriff._ _Scír-gerefa_, from _scír_, a shire, and _gerefa_, a steward, +a bailiff, a governor. A governor of a shire; a shire-reeve; a sheriff. + +_Sherlock._ _Scír_, white, bright, glorious; _locc_, a lock, hair. A lock +of white hair. Shirelock, of similar meaning. + +_Sherlow._ _Scír_, a county, province, district; _low_, a grave, a +barrow, a small hillock, a tract of country gently rising, a low. A +district-low. Shirlow, from the same roots. + +_Sherman._ _Scír-mann_, from _scír_, a share, shire, county, district; +_mann_, a man. A man who superintends; a shireman; an overseer; a +governor, a provost. Shearman, Shireman, of kindred derivation. + +_Shermer._ _Scír_, a district, province; _mere_, a mere, a lake, a pool, +the sea. A sea-district; a lake-province. + +_Sherr._ _Scír_, a district, a province. Shire, of kindred significance. + +_Sherrard._ _Scír_, superintendence, stewardship; _ard_, an ensign of +office. A badge of stewardship. Sherrerd, of like import. + +_Sherrat._ _Scír_, shire, district, county; _áth_, an oath. An oath +required by a shire from one in power. + +_Sherrell._ _Scír_, a shire, a district; _el_, indicative of a person. A +resident of a shire. + +_Sherrer._ _Scír_, care, charge; _ere_, an agent. A superintendent; an +overseer. + +_Sherrie._ _Sherr_, Sherr; _íg_, an island. Sherr’s island. Sherry, from +the same roots. + +_Sherwin._ _Scír_, a shire; _win_, a friend. A friend of the shire; one +devoted to the shire. + +_Sherwood._ _Scír_, glorious; _wude_, a forest. A glorious forest. Or, +from _scír_, a district; _wud_, a wood. A district wood. + +_Shetzline._ _Scetes_, genitive of _scete_, a sheet, a sail; _líne_, a +line. The lower sail line. + +_Shew._ _Sceawe_, a show. + +_Shewell._ _Sceawe_, a show; _el_, indicative of a person. A showman. + +_Shiel._ _Sciell_, a scale, a shell. + +_Shield._ _Scield_, a shield, a refuge. + +_Shields._ _Shield_, Shield; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Shield. + +_Shill._ _Scill_, a shilling, a piece of uncoined silver, which, when +coined, would make five pennies, each of which was 2½ pence. + +_Shillady._ _Shill_, Shill; _hlǽfdie_, a mistress, a lady. Shill’s +mistress. + +_Shilling._ _Scilling_, a shilling. Or, from _Shill_, Shill, and _ing_, +an offspring. A son of Shill. + +_Shillingford._ _Shilling_, Shilling; _ford_, a ford. Shilling’s ford. +Shillingsford, from the same roots. + +_Shillingsburg._ _Shillinges_, Shilling’s; _beorg_, a hill. Shilling’s +hill. + +_Shimer._ _Scíma_, a brightness, splendor, glittering; _ere_, an agent. A +wit; a humorist; a scholar. + +_Shinn._ _Scínne_, beauty, splendor. + +_Shinneberry._ _Shinn_, Shinn; _byrie_, a burial-place. The burial-place +of Shinn. + +_Shipley._ _Scip_, a ship, a boat; _ley_, a lay, a song. A boat song. + +_Shipman._ _Scip-mann_, a ship-man, a sailor. + +_Shippen._ _Scyppend_, a former, a creator. + +_Shipper._ _Scip-ere_, a sailor. + +_Shipps._ _Scipes_, genitive of _scip_, a ship. Belonging to a ship. + +_Shirley._ _Scíre_, a shire; _líc_, like. Resembling a shire. + +_Shoe._ _Scoe_, or _sceó_, a shoe. + +_Shoell._ _Scoe_, a shoe; _el_, denoting a person. A shoemaker. + +_Shoemaker._ _Scoe_, a shoe; _mace_, make; _ere_, an agent. A maker of +shoes. + +_Shoneman._ _Scóne_, beautiful; _mann_, a man. A beautiful man. + +_Shook._ _Sceóc_, shook. + +_Shoop._ _Scóp_, a farmer, a maker, a poet, a minstrel. + +_Shore._ _Score_, the shore. + +_Short._ _Sceort_, short. + +_Shortell._ _Sceort_, short; _el_, indicative of a person. A short person. + +_Shorten._ _Sceort-ain_, from _sceort_, short; _ain_, to make. To make +short. + +_Shortley._ _Short_, Short; _líc_, like. Resembling Short. Or, from +_sceort-líc_, short, momentary. + +_Shorts._ _Short_, Short; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Short. Shortts, from +the same roots. + +_Shoser._ _Scós_, shoes; _ere_, an agent. A shoemaker. + +_Shott._ _Scot_, shot, payment. + +_Showaker._ _Sceawe_, a show; _æcer_, a field. A show-field. Showeker, +from the same roots. + +_Showalter._ _Sceawe_, a show; _alter_, an altar. A show-altar. + +_Showell._ _Sceawe_, a show; _el_, indicative of a person. A showman. + +_Shower._ _Sceawere_, a beholder, spectator, spy, a railer, a scoffer. + +_Showers._ _Shower_, Shower; _s_ for sun, son. Son of Shower. + +_Showman._ _Sceawe_, a show; _mann_, a man. A showman. + +_Shreeve._ _Scréf_, a den, a cave, a layer. Shreve, of like derivation. + +_Shreeves._ _Shreeve_, Shreeve; _s_ for sun, son. Son of Shreeve. +Shrieves, a kindred name. + +_Shrigley._ _Scric_, a thrush, a throstle; _ley_, a song. Thrush song. + +_Shriner._ _Scrin_, a shrine, casket, chest; _ere_, an agent. A maker of +shrines, caskets. + +_Shriver._ _Scrifan_, to shrive, to receive confession; _ere_, an agent. +One who receives confessions; a shriver. + +_Shroder._ _Scrúd_, a garment, clothing, shroud; _ere_, an agent. A +tailor; a shroud-maker. + +_Shronk._ _Scruncen_, shrunk, withered. + +_Schropshire._ _Scrob_, a shrub; _scír_, a shire, county, district. A +shrub-shire; a shrubby district. + +_Shubert._ _Scúa_, a shade, a shadow; _beorht_, bright, lucid, clear. A +lucid shadow. + +_Shuck._ _Scucca_, Satan, the devil. + +_Shuff._ _Scúfan_, to shove, to thrust, to cast down; _sceáf_, cast down, +removed; _sceaf_, that which is cast down, as a sheaf. + +_Shugard._ _Scúa_, a shade; _geard_, a hedge, enclosure, garden. A shaded +garden. Shugardt, Shugart, of like parentage. + +_Shuler._ _Scúl_, a scowl; _ere_, an agent. One who scowls. + +_Shull._ _Scúl_, a scowl, a frown. + +_Shumaker._ _Sceó_, a shoe; _macian_, to make; _ere_, one who. A +shoemaker. + +_Shuman._ _Sceó_, a shoe; _mann_, a man. A shoe-man; a dealer in shoes. + +_Shumate._ _Sceó_, a shoe; Dutch _maat_, a husband, a wife, a companion. +A shoe-companion. + +_Shumway._ _Sceome_, of shame, genitive of _sceamu_; _wæg_, way. The way +of shame. + +_Shupard._ _Scóp_, a poet, minstrel; _ard_, a badge of office. A +minstrel’s staff. Shuperd, slightly altered form of the word. + +_Shupe._ _Scóp_, a poet, a minstrel. Shupp, an analogous name. + +_Shur._ _Scúr_, a shower of rain, a storm, tempest, a shower of arrows, +battle, fight. Shurr, from the same root. + +_Shute._ _Scute_, given, expended, transferred, rushed, shot. Shutt, of +kindred meaning. + +_Shuttleworth._ _Scuttel_, a scuttle, platter, charger, moment; _weordh_, +worth, price, value. A moment’s value. + +_Shutts._ _Shutt_, Shutt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Shutt. Shutz, +similarly derived. + +_Shyer._ _Scyan_, to suggest, excite, prompt, persuade; _ere_, an agent. +A prompter; a pleader. + +_Sibbet._ _Sibbian_, to pacify, to compose; past participle _sibbod_, +pacified, composed. Sibbitt, from the same root. + +_Sibbits._ _Sibbit_, Sibbit; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sibbit. + +_Sibel._ _Sib_, peace, adoption, companionship; _el_, indicative of +personality. A companionable person. Sibole of like import. + +_Siber._ _Sib_, peace, agreement, alliance; _ere_, an agent. An ally; an +abettor. + +_Sibert._ _Síb_, peace; _beorht_, famous, illustrious. A famous peace. + +_Sibley._ _Sib_, concord, agreement; _ley_, a song. A melody. + +_Sibson._ _Sib_, peace, adoption; _sun_, son. Son of adoption. Sibbs, an +abbreviated form of the same. + +_Sick._ _Síc_, sick. + +_Sickel._ _Sicel_, pronounced _sickel_, a sickle. Sickle, Sickel, from +the same root. + +_Sickels._ _Sickel_, Sickel; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sickel. Sickles, +a cognate term. + +_Sicker._ _Síc_, sick; _ere_, an agent. A sick person. + +_Sickler._ _Sicel_, a sickle; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a sickle. + +_Siddall._ _Síd_, ample, spacious, broad, vast; _dál_, a valley. A broad +valley. Siddell, Sidel, Sidle, alike in derivation. + +_Siddon._ _Síd_, spacious, vast; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. A spacious +hill. + +_Siddins._ _Siddin_, Siddon; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Siddon. + +_Side._ _Síd_, ample, broad, various, diverse. Or, from _síde_, silk. + +_Sidebotham._ _Síd_, ample, full, vast; _bót_, atonement, indemnity, +redress, cure; _hám_, house, dwelling. The home of full atonement. + +_Sidebottom._ _Síd_, broad; _botm_, bottom. Broad bottom. + +_Sidenburg._ _Síden_, silken, made of silk; _burg_, a fort, a castle, a +house. A house made of silk. + +_Sides._ _Side_, Side; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Side. + +_Sidleman._ _Sidle_, Sidle; _man_, a servant. Sidle’s servant. + +_Sidley._ _Sidle_, Sidle; _líc_, like. Resembling Sidle. + +_Sidney._ _Síden_, silken, made of silk. + +_Siebel._ _Sie_, victory, triumph, crown; _bel_, a bell. A peal of +triumph. + +_Siebeling._ _Siebel_, Siebel; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Siebel. + +_Sieber._ _Sie_, a crown; _bere_, barley. A crown of barley. + +_Siebert._ _Sie-beorht_, triumphantly, or gloriously bright. + +_Siebott._ _Sie_, victory; _bót_, atonement. A victorious atonement. + +_Siebrecht._ _Sie_, crown; _brecht_, conquered. Crown conquered. + +_Siebrist._ _Sie_, victory; _brist_, bearest. Victory bearest. + +_Siedenback._ _Síden_, silken; _bæc_, back. A silken back. + +_Siedler._ _Síde_, silk; _lǽr_, doctrine. Silk-knowledge. + +_Siefert._ _Sie_, triumph; _fert_, spirit. A spirit of triumph. + +_Siefken._ _Sielf-cyn_, from _sielf_, a salve, and _cyn_, kind. A kind of +herb salve. + +_Siegel._ _Sigel_, the sun, a jewel. Siegle, from the same root. + +_Siegler._ _Sigel_, a jewel; _ere_, an agent. A jeweller. + +_Siegman._ _Sige_, victory; _man_, a man. A victorious man. Siegmann, +from the same roots. + +_Sieler._ _Sie_, the sea; _lǽr_, doctrine. Sea-knowledge. + +_Siemers._ _Sie_, the sea; _merse_, a marsh, a fen. A sea-marsh. + +_Siemon._ _Sie_, the sea; _mon_, a man. A seafaring man. + +_Sier._ _Sieran_, to lie in wait for, to plot, to conspire. + +_Sifer._ _Sie_, the sea; _fer_, a journey. A sea journey. + +_Sigmund._ _Sige_, victory; _mund_, a hand. A victorious hand. + +_Silbert._ _Sigel-beorht_, from _sigel_ or _sigl_, the sun, and beorht, +bright. Sun-bright. + +_Sill._ _Sigl_, a necklace. + +_Sillady._ _Sill_, Sill; _hlǽfdie_, a mistress. Sill’s mistress. + +_Siller._ _Sigl_, a necklace, a brooch, an ornament; _ere_, an agent. A +jeweller. + +_Silliman._ _Sill_, Sill; _man_, a servant. Sill’s servant. + +_Sills._ _Sill_, Sill; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sill. + +_Silpath._ _Sigl_, the sun; _pæth_, a path. The sun-path; sunny path. + +_Sillsby._ _Sills_, Sill’s; _bý_, a habitation. Sill’s home. + +_Silver._ _Silfer_, silver. + +_Silverberg._ _Silfer_, silver; _beorg_, a hill, a mountain. A mountain +of silver. + +_Silvers._ _Silver_, Silver; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Silver. + +_Silverstine._ _Silferes_, genitive of _silfer_, silver; _tine_, a tine, +a tooth of a harrow. A silver tine. + +_Silverthorn._ _Silfer_, silver; _thorn_, a thorn. A silver-thorn. +Silverthorne, from the same roots. + +_Simard._ _Sima_, a judge; _ard_, an ensign of office. A judge. + +_Sime._ _Sima_, a bond, a reconciler, a judge. Syme, a kindred term. + +_Simes._ _Sime_, Sime; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sime. Simms, Sims, +Symes, from the same roots. + +_Simington._ _Sima_, a reconciler; _ing_, expressive of action; _tún_, +house. Home of reconciliation. Simmington, Symington, alike in derivation. + +_Simkin._ _Sim_, Sime; _cyn_, kin, relation. Sime’s relation. Simpkin, of +similar meaning. + +_Simkins._ _Simkin_, Simkin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simkin. Simpkins, +from the same roots. + +_Simkis._ _Sima_, a judge; _cys_, pure. An upright judge. + +_Simler._ _Sima_, a judge; _lǽr_, doctrine. Judicial knowledge. + +_Simmer._ _Sima_, a bond; _ere_, an agent. A notary. + +_Simmers._ _Simmer_, Simmer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simmer. + +_Simmon._ _Sima_, a bond; _mon_, a man. A bondman. + +_Simmond._ _Sima_, a bond; _mund_, a protection. A bond-protection. + +_Simmonds._ _Simmond_, Simmond; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simmond. +Simonds, Symonds, kindred names. + +_Simmons._ _Simmōn_, Simmon; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simmon. Simmins, +Symons, doubtless, of like parentage. + +_Simpson._ _Simp_, Sime; _sun_, son. Son of Sime. Simson, from the same +roots. + +_Sindall._ _Sin_, sin; _dál_, a valley. Valley of sin. + +_Sine._ _Sín_, sight, vision, appearance. + +_Siner._ _Sín_, a vision; _ere_, an agent. One who sees visions; a +dreamer. + +_Sines._ _Sine_, Sine; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sine. + +_Singer._ _Singan_, to sing, to play upon an instrument, to say, to +pronounce; _ere_, an agent. A singer; a musician; a soothsayer. + +_Singerly._ _Singer_, Singer; _líc_, like. Resembling Singer. + +_Singler._ _Singan_, to sing, to play upon an instrument; _lǽr_, +doctrine. Music-knowledge. + +_Singley._ _Sing_, Sing; _ley_, from _líc_, like. Resembling Sing. + +_Sings._ _Sing_, Sing; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sing. + +_Sink._ _Sinc_, collection, heap, gain, treasure, riches, silver. + +_Sinn._ _Sin_, or _synne_, sin. + +_Sinnamon._ _Sina_, genitive of _sina_, sinews; _mon_, a man. A man of +sinews; an athlete. Synnamon, Synamon, of similar derivation. + +_Sinning._ _Sinn_, Sinn; _ing_, an offspring. Son of Sinn. + +_Sinns._ _Sinn_, Sinn; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sinn. + +_Sithen._ _Sidhan_, times, courses. + +_Sithens._ _Sithen_, Sithen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sithen. + +_Six._ _Six_, six. + +_Sixsmith_, _Six_, Six; _smidh_, an artificer, a smith, a workman. Six’s +workman. + +_Sixte._ _Sixte_, sixth. + +_Skean._ _Sceán_, shone. Skeehan, Skeen, from the same radix. + +_Skeffington._ _Sceafa_, a shaving instrument; _ing_, expressive of +action; _tún_, a house. A place where shaving is done. + +_Skelly._ _Scell-ig_, from _scell_, a shell, and _ig_, an adjective +termination. Shelly. + +_Skerl._ _Scer_, a ploughshare; _el_, indicative of a person. A plowman. + +_Skerratt._ _Scer-geát_, from _scer_, a ploughshare; _geát_, an opening, +a gap. A gap made by a ploughshare; a furrow. + +_Skinner._ _Scin_, the skin; _ere_, an agent. One who removes the skin; a +skinner. + +_Skipton._ _Scip_, a ship; _tún_, a town. A ship-town. + +_Slack._ _Sleac_, slow, remiss, idle, sleepy. + +_Slade._ _Slǽd_, a slade, plain, open tract of country. + +_Slagle._ _Slæge_, slaying, slaughter; _el_, indicative of a person. A +slayer; a murderer. + +_Slater._ _Slát_, slit; _ere_, an agent. One who slits, or cuts. + +_Slauch._ _Slǽc_, slack, slow, remiss, idle, sleepy. + +_Slaugh._ _Slæge_, slaying, slaughter, striking, beating, dashing +together, a knock. + +_Slaw._ _Sláw_, slow, idle, lazy. + +_Slawson._ _Slaw_, Slaw; _sun_, son. Son of Slaw. + +_Slaymaker._ _Slæ_, a weaver’s reed, a slay; _mac-ere_, a maker. A +slay-maker. + +_Slayman._ _Slæ_, a slay; _man_, a man. A man who uses the slay; a weaver. + +_Slayton._ _Slæ_, a slay; _tún_, a house, a habitation. A house where +weaving is done. + +_Sleeper._ _Slǽp-ere._ A sleeper. + +_Slick._ _Slicc_, a mallet, a hammer. + +_Slider._ _Slidor_, a slider. + +_Slifer._ _Slifer_, slippery. + +_Sloan._ _Slán_, pronounced _slōn_, sloes. Also, from _slán_, to strike, +to fight, to slay, to throw. Sloane, from the same roots. + +_Sloanaker._ _Slán_, sloes; _æcer_, a field. A field of sloes. Slonaker, +a kindred name. + +_Sloat._ _Slát_, pronounced _slōte_, torn, bitten, broken through. Slote, +of the same derivation. + +_Slocomb._ _Slá_, pronounced _slō_, a sloe; _comb_, a valley. A +sloe-valley. + +_Slocum._ _Slá_, a sloe; _cumb_, or _coom_, a valley. A sloe-valley. + +_Sloman._ _Slá_, a sloe; _man_, a man. A collector of sloes. + +_Slough._ _Slog_, a slough, a hollow place. + +_Slow._ _Sláw_, slow, idle, lazy. + +_Slowe._ _Sláwe_, slow, idle. Slowey, from the same radix. + +_Slowman._ _Sláw_, slow, lazy; _man_, a man. A slow man; a lazy man. + +_Slugg._ _Slóg_, slew, killed. + +_Smack._ _Smæc_, smack, taste, savor. + +_Small._ _Smæl_, small, slender, thin, narrow. + +_Smalley._ _Smale_, a slender person. + +_Smallman._ _Smæl_, small; _man_, a man. A small man. + +_Smallwood._ _Smæl_, thin; _wud_, a forest. A thin forest. + +_Smeal._ _Smea_, little, fine, subtle; _l_ for _el_, indicative of a +person. A subtle person. + +_Smeaton._ _Smeat_, beaten; _tún_, a city. A beaten city. Smeeten, of +kindred significance. + +_Smedley._ _Smédh-líc_, smoothly. + +_Smick._ _Smíc_, smoke, vapor. + +_Smiley._ _Smilte_, serene, placid, fair, smooth, calm. + +_Smith._ _Smidh_, any one who strikes with a hammer, an artificer, a +carpenter, a smith, a workman. Smyth, from the same radix. + +_Smithman._ _Smidh-the_, a smithy, a workshop; _man_, a man. The man of +the workshop. + +_Smithing._ _Smith_, Smith; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Smith. + +_Smithson._ _Smith_, Smith; _sun_, son. Son of Smith. + +_Smock._ _Smoc_, a smock, a farm-laborer’s blouse. + +_Smocker._ _Smoc_, a smock; _ere_, an agent. One who wears a smock. + +_Smythe._ _Smidh-the_, a smithy, a workshop. + +_Snader._ _Snæd_, a shaft, a pole, the handle of a scythe; _ere_, an +agent. One who uses a snead, or sneed. Sneeder, a cognate term. + +_Snare._ _Sneáre_, a snare, a loop, a noose. + +_Sneade._ _Snæd_, a pole, a shaft, the handle of a scythe. Sneed, of like +derivation. + +_Sneath._ _Snæd_, a pole, a shaft, the handle of a scythe. + +_Sneden._ _Snǽd-en_, to cut, to cut off, to amputate. Snethen, from the +same radix. + +_Snediker._ _Snǽd_, cut, shorn; _æcer_, a field. A mown field. + +_Sneer._ _Snear_, active, quick, nimble. + +_Snelbaker._ _Snel-bæc-ere_, from _snel_, active, cheerful; _bæcere_, a +baker. An active, cheerful baker. Snellbaker, from the same roots. + +_Snell._ _Snel_, or _snell_, quick, active, cheerful, bold, brave. + +_Snelling._ _Snell_, Snell; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Snell. + +_Sneyd._ _Snid_, I cut, I amputate, I slay. + +_Snider._ _Snid-ere_, a cutter, hewer, pruner. Snyder, from the same +derivation. + +_Snodgrass._ _Snod_, a fillet, a cap, a hood; _græs_, grass. A straw +fillet; a straw cap. + +_Snow._ _Snáw_, snow. + +_Snowdon._ _Snáw-dan_, to snow. + +_Snowdon._ _Snáw-dún_, from _snáw_, snow; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. A +snow mountain. + +_Soden._ _Soden_, perfect participle of _seódham_, to boil, to agitate, +to cook. Boiled; agitated; cooked. + +_Soder._ _Seod_, a little sack, a bag, scrip; _ere_, an agent. A +sack-maker. Soeder, of like significance. + +_Soding._ _Seod_, a bag, a sack; _ing_, expressive of action. Sack-making. + +_Sodman._ _Seod_, a bag, a sack; _man_, a man. A sack-maker; a bag-dealer. + +_Soeffing._ _Seofung_, sighing, sobbing, lamentation. + +_Somer._ _Sumer_, summer. Sommer, Summer, from the same radix. + +_Somers._ _Somer_, Somer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Somer. Sommers, +Summers, equivalents. + +_Somerset._ _Somer-setl_, from _sumer_, summer, and _setl_, a seat. A +summer seat. Sommerset, a kindred term. + +_Sorg._ _Sorg_, sorrow, care, anxiety. + +_Sorig._ _Sorhg_, sorrow. + +_Souder._ _Sódh_, truth; _ere_, an agent. One who speaks the truth. + +_Souders._ _Souder_, Souder; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Souder. + +_South._ _Súdh_, south. + +_Southcott._ _Súdh_, south; _cóte_, a cottage. A south-cottage. + +_Southern._ _Súdh-erna_, southern. + +_Southwark._ _Súdh-geweorc_, from _súdh_, south, and _geweorc_, a +fortress, a work. A south-work; a south-fortress. + +_Southwell._ _Súdh_, south; _wel_, a well. A south-well. + +_Southwick._ _Súdh_, south; _wic_, a camp. A south-camp. + +_Southwood._ _Súdh_, south; _wud_, wood. A south-wood. + +_Southworth._ _Súdh_, south; _weordh_, worth, price, value. South-worth; +southern value. + +_Sower._ _Sawere_, a sower. + +_Sowerby._ _Sower_, Sower; _bý_, a dwelling, a habitation. Sower’s +dwelling. + +_Sowers._ _Sower_, Sower; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sower. + +_Sox._ _Socks_, from _socces_, genitive of _socc_, a sock, a woolen +wrapper for the feet. Belonging to a sock. + +_Spackman._ _Spǽc_, speech; _man_, a man. A speaker; an orator. + +_Spader._ _Spád_, a spade; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a spade; a +digger. + +_Spadone._ _Spǽdan_, to speed, to prosper, to succeed. + +_Spaeter._ _Spǽtan_, to spit; _ere_, an agent. A spitter. Spaetter, from +the same roots. + +_Spahn._ _Span_, a span. + +_Spang._ _Spange_, a little lock, a clasp. + +_Spangler._ _Spange_, a lock, a clasp; _lǽr_, doctrine. Lock-knowledge. + +_Spannagel._ _Span_, a span; _nægel_, a nail. A span-nail. + +_Spare._ _Spær_, spare, frugal, moderate, small. Spare, from the same +derivation. + +_Sparhawk._ _Spear-hafoc_, from _spear_, a spear, lance, dart, and +_hafoc_, a hawk. A sparrow-hawk. + +_Sparmaker._ _Speare_, a spear; _mac-ere_, a maker. A spear-maker. + +_Sparman._ _Speare_, a spear; _man_, a man. A Spearman. Spearman, from +the same. + +_Sparrow._ _Spearwa_, a sparrow. + +_Spearshott._ _Speare_, a spear; _scot_, a shot. A spear-shot. + +_Speakman._ _Speac_, speak; _man_, a man. A speaker. + +_Spealler._ _Spell_, history, story, speech, opinion, language; _ere_, an +agent, An historian; a lawyer; a linguist. + +_Spear._ _Speare_, a spear. Speer, Speir, from the same root. + +_Spearing._ _Spear_, Spear; _ing_, an offspring. A descendant of Spear. +Spering, a kindred word. + +_Spears._ _Spear_, Spear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Spear. + +_Speck._ _Specca_, a blot, a blemish, a spot. + +_Specketer._ _Specca_, a blot; _etere_, an eater, a consumer. A +blot-consumer; a blotter. + +_Spedden._ _Spéd-an_, to speed, to prosper, to succeed. + +_Speece._ _Spǽc_, speech. + +_Speel._ _Spel_, a history, a narrative, a story. + +_Speers._ _Speer_, Speer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Speer. + +_Spellman._ _Spell_, history, narration; _man_, a man. A narrator. + +_Spicer._ _Spic_, bacon; _ere_, an agent. A hog-butcher. Spicker, an +analogous term. + +_Spillard._ _Spill-an_, to spill, to destroy, to kill; _ard_, an ensign +of office. A destroyer; an executioner. + +_Spiller._ _Spill-an_, to spill, to destroy; _ere_, an agent. A destroyer. + +_Spillin._ _Spill-ing_, a wasting, a consuming, spoiling, destruction. + +_Spillinger._ _Spill-ing_, consuming, spoiling; _ere_, an agent. A +consumer; a spoiler. + +_Spillman._ _Spill-an_, to spill, to kill; _man_, a man. An executioner; +a hangman; a murderer. + +_Spindler._ _Spindel_, a spindel, a needle; _ere_, an agent. One who uses +a spindle. + +_Spooner._ _Spoon_, chips, tinder, touchwood; _ere_, an agent. A fireman. + +_Spor._ _Spor_, a heel, a spur. + +_Sporer._ _Spor_, a spur; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a spur; a rider. + +_Sporl._ _Spor_, a spur; _el_, indicative of a person. A rider. + +_Sprang._ _Sprang_, sprang, leaped. + +_Spranger._ _Sprang_, sprang; _ere_, an agent. A springer; a leaper. + +_Springer._ _Spring_, a spring, a leap; _ere_, an agent. A leaper. + +_Springfield._ _Spring_, a spring, a fountain; _feld_, a field, a plain. +A springy field. + +_Springman._ _Spring_, a spring, a leap; _man_, a man. A leaper. + +_Springs._ _Spring_, Spring; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Spring. + +_Springstead._ _Spring_, a spring, a fountain; _stede_, a place, a +station. A spring-place. + +_Springthorpe._ _Spring_, a spring, a fountain; _thorpe_, a village. A +spring-village. + +_Spurr._ _Spura_, a spur. + +_Stack._ _Stáca_, a stake, a pile. + +_Stackel._ _Stáca_, a stake, a pile; _el_, indicative of personality. One +tied, or burnt at a stake. + +_Stacker._ _Stáca_, a stake; _ere_, an agent. One who constructs a fence +or a palisade. Staker, a kindred name. + +_Stackhouse._ _Stáca_, a stake; _hús_, a house, a building. A building +with a palisade; a fortress. + +_Stacpoole._ _Stáca_, a stake; _púl_, a pool, a lake. A staked lake. + +_Staff._ _Stæf_, a staff, stick, support, a letter, writing. Staffe, from +the same root. + +_Staffner._ _Stæf_, a staff; _nere_, refuge, preservation. +Staff-preservation. + +_Stafford._ _Stæf-ford_, from _stæf_, a stick, a pole; _ford_, a ford. A +staff used in wading through a stream. + +_Stager._ _Stǽger_, a stair, step, degree. + +_Stagers._ _Stager_, Stager; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stager. + +_Stagg._ _Stæg_, a rope in the fore-part of a ship. + +_Stagger._ _Stæg_, a rope in the fore-part of a ship; _ere_, an agent. +One who has charge of the rope in the fore-part of a ship. + +_Staggers._ _Stagger_, Stagger; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stagger. + +_Stainrook._ _Stán_, a rock; _róc_, a rook. A rock-rook; a rook that +dwells upon rocks. + +_Stains._ _Stán-es_, genitive of _Stán_, a stone. From Staines, +Middlesex, on the banks of the Thames, England, from a boundary stone +placed here to denote the extent of the jurisdiction claimed by the city +of London on the river Thames. + +_Stainsby._ _Stains_, Stains; _bý_, a dwelling. Stains’ habitation. + +_Stakes._ _Stake_, Stack; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stack. + +_Staley._ _Stæl_, a stall, a room; _ig_, expression of an adjective. +Roomy. + +_Stall._ _Stæl_, a stall, place, seat, room. + +_Stallman._ _Stæl_, a stall; _man_, a man. One who keeps a stall. + +_Stamford._ _Stæng_, a stake, a pole; _ford_, a ford. A pole-ford. + +_Stanbridge._ _Stán-breig_, from _stán_, a stone, and _bricg_, a bridge. +A stone-bridge; a paved way. + +_Stancliff._ _Stán-cleof_, from _stán_, a stone, and _cleof_, a cliff. A +stone-cliff; a rock. + +_Standbridge._ _Stand_, a stand, a station; _bricg_, a bridge. A +toll-bridge. + +_Standen._ _Stand_, a stand; _en_, significant of a participle. Stood. + +_Standfield._ _Stand_, a station; _feld_, a field. A station-field. + +_Standing._ _Standan_, to stand, to continue; _ing_, expressing action. +Standing; continuing. + +_Standish._ _Stand_, a stand; _isc_, a termination of an adjective used +substantively. A stand. + +_Standley._ _Stand_, a stand; _ley_ for _líc_, like. Resembling a stand. + +_Standring._ _Stand_, a station; _hring_, a ring. A station-ring. +Standering, a kindred term. + +_Stanfield._ _Stán_, a stone; _feld_, a plain. A stone-plain. + +_Stanford._ _Stán-ford_, from _stán_, a stone, and _ford_, a ford. A +stone-ford. + +_Stang._ _Stæng_, a bar of wood, a pole, a lever, a club. In Derbyshire, +England, the word was used to denote a large pole employed in removing +new-made hay. + +_Stanger._ _Stæng_, a pole, a lever; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a +lever. + +_Stanley._ _Stán_, a stone; _líc_, like. Resembling stone. + +_Stansberry._ _Stánes_, genitive of _stán_, a stone; _berige_, a berry. +The berry of a stone; a stone-fruit. Stansbery, from the same roots. + +_Stansbury._ _Stánes_, genitive of _stán_, a stone; _byríg_, a city. A +city of stone; a stone-city. + +_Stansfield._ _Stánes_, of stones; _feld_, a field. A field of stone; a +stone-field. + +_Stanton._ _Stán_, a stone; _tán_, a town. A stone-town. Stant, possibly, +a contraction of the name. Staunton, from the same roots. + +_Stanwood._ _Stán_, a stone; _wud_, a wood. A stone-wood. + +_Stanz._ _Stants_, from _Stant_, Stant, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of +Stant. + +_Stapleford._ _Stapel_, a step, a prop, a trestle; _ford_, a ford. A +trestle-ford. + +_Stapler._ _Stapel_, support; _ere_, an agent. A supporter. + +_Staples._ _Stapeles_, genitive of _stapel_, a trestle. Belonging to a +trestle. + +_Stapleton._ _Stapel_, a step, an elevated place; _tún_, a mansion. A +mansion reached by steps. + +_Stark._ _Stearc_, stark, strong, severe, hard, austere, sharp. + +_Starkweather._ _Stearc_, severe; _wedher_, weather. Severe weather. + +_Starling._ _Stærn_, a starling; _ling_, a termination indicative of +image, example. + +_Starn._ _Stærn_, a starling. Starne, of like significance. + +_Starr._ _Steorra_, a star. + +_Starrs._ _Starr_, Starr; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Starr. + +_Staub._ _Staub_, a worthless vessel, one unable to stand. + +_Staubes._ _Staubes_, genitive of _staub_, a useless vessel. Belonging to +a worthless vessel. + +_Stead._ _Stæde_, a place, station, stead. + +_Steadham._ _Stede_, steady, stable, firm; _hám_, a house. A firm house. + +_Steadman._ _Stede_, steady, stable; _man_, a man. A steady man. Stedman, +a kindred term. + +_Stearn._ _Stearn_, the stern. Stearne, Sterne, of like derivation. + +_Stearns._ _Stearn_, Stearn; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stearn. + +_Stebbing._ _Steb_, a boll, a trunk; _ing_, originating from. Offspring +of a trunk; a shoot; a branch. + +_Stebbins._ _Stebbing_, Stebbing; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stebbing. + +_Steed._ _Stéda_, a steed, a stallion. + +_Steel._ _Stýl_, steel. Steele, from the same radix. + +_Steeling._ _Steel_, Steel; _ing_, an offspring. Son of Steel. + +_Steelman._ _Stýl_ steel; _man_, a man. A steel-man; a dealer in steel. + +_Steelwagon._ _Stýl_, steel; _wǽgen_, a wagon, a car. A steel-wagon; a +car for the conveyance of steel. + +_Steen._ _Sténe_, a stone. + +_Steenburg._ _Sténe_, a stone; _beorg_, a mountain, a hill. A stone-hill. + +_Steenson._ _Steen_, Steen; _sun_, son. Son of Steen. + +_Steere._ _Stýre_, a rule, direction, regulation, government. Steer, from +the same root. + +_Steeringer._ _Steór-an_, to steer; _ing_, implying action; _ere_, an +agent. One who has charge of the steering; a pilot. + +_Steers._ _Steer_, Steer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Steer. + +_Steever._ _Stæf_, a staff, a stick; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a +staff; an old man. + +_Steffen._ _Stefen_, a voice, message, sound, tone, concert, agreement. +Steffan, of like meaning. + +_Steffe._ _Stef_, a staff. + +_Steffens._ _Steffen_, Steffen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Steffen. + +_Steffler._ _Stef_, a staff; _lǽr_, doctrine. Staff-knowledge. + +_Steger._ _Stegher_, a step, a stair. + +_Stell._ _Stell_, a place, seat, room. Stelle, doubtless, from the same +root. + +_Stellwagen._ _Stell_, a seat; _wǽgen_, a wagon, a car. A carriage. +Stelwagon, of kindred signification. + +_Stem._ _Stemn_, a voice, a command, a set time. Steman, of like +derivation. + +_Stemme._ _Stemne_, a voice, a command. + +_Stemmler._ _Stemn_, a voice; _lǽr_, doctrine. Voice-knowledge. Stemler, +from the same roots. + +_Stempel._ _Stemn_, a voice, a command; _el_, indicative of a person. A +leader; a commander. + +_Steng._ _Stenge_, a bar, a pole, a lever. + +_Stengel._ _Stenge_, a lever; _el_, implying a person. A person that uses +a lever. Stengle, a slightly varied form. + +_Stenger._ _Stenge_, a bar, a pole; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a steng. + +_Stephen._ _Stefen_, a voice, message, sound, tone. Stephan, from the +same. + +_Stephens._ _Stephen_, Stephen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stephen. +Stevens, a kindred term. + +_Stephenson._ _Stephen_, Stephen; _sun_, son. Son of Stephen. Stevenson, +from the same roots. + +_Sterk._ _Sterc_, stark, rough, rigid. + +_Sterling._ _Steóran_, to direct; _ling_, a termination denoting the +condition of a person. In a condition to direct. Stirling, an equivalent +word. + +_Stern._ _Stern_, severe, hard, austere. + +_Sterner._ _Stern_, severe; _ere_, an agent. A severe person. + +_Sternfield._ _Stern_, rough, hard; _feld_, a field. A rough field. + +_Sterns._ _Stern_, Stern; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stern. + +_Sterr._ _Ster_, history. + +_Steward._ _Stiward_, from Icelandic _stia_, work, and Anglo-Saxon +_weard_, a guard. One who has the guard of work. Anciently, +_stede-weard_, from _stede_, place, station, stead, and _weard_, a guard, +guardianship, watch: that is, one who has the guardianship of a place. +Stewart, of like kinship. + +_Sticker._ _Stice_, a puncture, a stab; _ere_, an agent. A butcher. + +_Stickle._ _Sticca_, a stick; _le_ for _el_, indicative of a person, +or expressive of the action of a person. The word originated from the +practice of prize-fighters, who placed seconds with staffs, or _sticks_, +to interpose occasionally: hence, to interpose. + +_Stickler._ _Stickle_, to stickle, to interpose; _ere_, an agent. One +that interposes; a sidesman to fencers; a pertinacious contender. +Formerly, one who stood by to prevent the shedding of blood in a contest +between two persons: so called, from the _sticks_, or staves, in his +hands, with which he interposed between the combatants. + +_Stickley._ _Stickler_, a stickler; _líc_, like. Resembling a stickler; +stickler-like. + +_Stickling._ _Stickle_, to stickle; _ing_, denoting an action. The action +of a stickler. + +_Stickney._ _Stician_, to stick, to adhere; Irish _neać_, an agent. One +that sticks to another; an adherent. + +_Stidfole._ _Stide_, firm, fast; _fole_, a foal, a colt. A fast foal. + +_Stidham._ _Stide_, firm; _hám_, house. An established house. + +_Stiff._ _Stif_, stiff, hard. + +_Stiger._ _Stígan_, to ascend, to rise, to climb; _ere_, an agent. A +climber. + +_Stigale._ _Stigel_, a stile. + +_Stileman._ _Stigel_, a stile; _man_, a man. A man who has charge of a +stile. + +_Stiles._ _Stigale_, Stigale; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stigale. + +_Still._ _Stille_, still, quiet, fixed, firm. + +_Stilley._ _Still-íce_, stilly, quietly. + +_Stilling._ _Still-ian_, to make still, to tranquilize; _ing_, implying +action. Tranquilizing. + +_Stillings._ _Stilling_, Stilling; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stilling. + +_Stillman._ _Stille_, quiet; _man_, a man. A quiet man. + +_Stillwagon._ _Stille_, fixed; _wǽgen_, a wagon. A stationary wagon. + +_Stillwell._ _Stille_, quiet; _wel_, a well. A quiet well; an unused +well. Stelwell, a cognate term. + +_Stilson._ _Stille_, quiet, fixed; _sun_, son. A quiet son; a dead son. + +_Sting._ _Stineg_, sting, prick, a biting, or stinging. + +_Stinger._ _Stingan_, to sting, to prick, to stab; _ere_, an agent. He +who, or that which, stings, or pricks. + +_Stock._ _Stoc_, a stock, stem, trunk, block, stick. _Stock_, past +participle of _stician_, to stick: hence _stock_, in its multifarious +meanings, implies fixedness. + +_Stocker._ _Stoc_, stock; _ere_, an agent. One who has stock. + +_Stockham._ _Stoc_, stock, stem; _hám_, a farm. A stock-farm; a nursery +of trees. + +_Stockler._ _Stoc_, stock, stem; _lǽr_, learning, knowledge. Stock-lore; +tree-knowledge. + +_Stockley._ _Stoc_, stock; _líc_, like. Stock-like; trunk-like; thick; +stubbed; stocky. + +_Stockman._ _Stoc_, stock, stem; _man_, a man. A stock-man; a keeper of +stock; a nurseryman. + +_Stocks._ _Stock_, Stock; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stock. + +_Stockton._ _Stoc_, stock; _tún_, a farm. A stock-farm. + +_Stockwell._ _Stock_, a stock, stem, trunk, stick; _well_, a well. A well +found in a wooded place. + +_Stoddard._ _Stod_, a post, a stand, a pillar; _ard_, an ensign of +office. A post-sign. Stoddart, doubtless, from the same roots. + +_Stoffer._ _Stof_, a club; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a club; a +warrior. + +_Stokely._ _Stock_, past participle of _stic-ian_, to stick, to push, to +poke, and, hence, to stir; a person who sticks, pushes, or pokes is a +_sticker_, or a stoker; _líc_, like. Stoker-like. Stokley, a cognate form. + +_Stoker._ _Sticker_, one who, or that which, _sticks_, pushes, or +stirs, as it were, a fire. In Ireland, such a person was a _stoca_, a +servant-boy. + +_Stokes._ _Stoke_, Stoke; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stoke. + +_Stone._ _Stán_, a stone. + +_Stoneham._ _Stán_, stone; _hám_, house. A stone-house. + +_Stonehill._ _Stán_, a stone; _hill_, or _hyl_, a hill. A stone-hill. + +_Stoneman._ _Stán_, a stone; _man_, a man. A quarryman. + +_Stoner._ _Stán_, a stone; _ere_, an agent. A stone-breaker. + +_Stones._ _Stone_, Stone; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stone. + +_Stony._ _Stǽn-ig_, or _stǽn-iht_, stony. + +_Stoop._ _Stoppa_, a pot, a vessel, a cup. + +_Stoops._ _Stoop_, Stoop; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stoop. Stoopes, a +kindred form. + +_Storck._ _Storc_, a stork. Storch, Stork, from the same radix. + +_Storm._ _Storm_, or _steorm_, a storm, a tempest. + +_Storms._ _Storm_, Storm; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Storm. + +_Stott._ _Stotte_, a hack, jade, a worthless horse. + +_Stotten._ _Stotte_, a jade; _en_, an adjective termination. Jadish; +vicious. + +_Stotts._ _Stott_, Stott; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stott. Stotz, of +similar derivation. + +_Stow._ _Stow_, a place, dwelling-place, habitation. + +_Stowman._ _Stow_, a place; _man_, a man. The man of the place; the +proprietor. + +_Strack._ _Strac_, straight, rigid, violent. + +_Stracker._ _Strac_, rigid, violent; _ere_, an agent. A stern man; a +violent man. + +_Strader._ _Strade_, imperfect of _stredan_, to spread; _ere_, an agent. +One who spreads, or straddles. Or, from _stræde_, a stride; _ere_, one +who. One who strides. + +_Stradinger._ _Strade_, spread; _ing_, implying action; _ere_, an agent. +A straddling person. + +_Stradling._ _Strade_, spread; _ling_, denoting state or condition of a +person. Act of one who straddles. + +_Strand._ _Strand_, a strand, beach, shore. + +_Strang._ _Strang_, strong, powerful, valiant, severe, rigid. Strong, +from the same root. + +_Stratton._ _Stræte_, what is spread, a couch, a bed; _tún_, a house. A +bed-house; an inn. + +_Straw._ _Streow_, or _strēaw_, straw, hay, a bed. + +_Strawbridge._ _Streaw_, a bed; _brycg_, a bridge. A bridge that is flat +like a bed. + +_Street._ _Strǽt_, street, way, course, public road, mark. + +_Streeter._ _Strǽt_, a way, a road; _ere_, an agent. A foot-traveler. + +_Streeton._ _Strǽt_, a street; _tún_, a town. A city or town of streets. + +_Streets._ _Street_, Street; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Street. + +_Strenger._ _Streng_, a string, sinew; _ere_, an agent. A sinewy man. + +_Stricker._ _Strica_, a stroke; _ere_, an agent. One who makes a strike; +a striker. + +_Strickland._ _Astricen_, a participle from _astrican_, to smite; _land_, +a land, a region. A smitten region. Or, from _stric_, plague, sedition, +and _land_, land. A plague-land; a land of sedition. + +_String._ _String_, a string, sinew, chord, cord, rope, line, race. + +_Stringer._ _String_, a chord, the string of a musical instrument; _ere_, +an agent. A musician. + +_Stringfellow._ _String_, a string; _felaw_, a companion. A +string-companion; a band-fellow. + +_Stringfield._ _String_, a line; _feld_, a field. A fenced field. + +_Styer._ _Stýre_, ruling, direction, regulation, government, discipline, +punishment. + +_Styers._ _Styer_, Styer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Styer. + +_Styler._ _Stýl_, steel; _ere_, an agent. Steel-maker. + +_Styles._ _Stýles_, genitive of _stýl_, steel. Belonging to steel. + +_Styring._ _Styer_, Styer; _ing_, offspring. Son of Styer. + +_Sugden_, _Súg_, a sow; _den_, a valley. Sow-valley. + +_Sugg._ _Súg_, a sow. + +_Sulger._ _Sulg_, a plough, a ploughshare; _ere_, an agent. One who +ploughs; a ploughman. + +_Sullwin._ _Sul_, a plough; _wine_, a friend, a disciple. A disciple of +the plough; a farmer. + +_Summ_, _Sum_, some, one, some one, any. + +_Summerfield._ _Sumer_, or _somer_, summer; _feld_, a field. A +summer-field; a field of grass and flowers. Sommerfield, of like +derivation. + +_Sumner._ _Sumer_, summer, by the insertion of an _n_ between _m_ +and _e_, becomes the name under consideration, and affords a good +illustration of one of the many attempts made to disguise the origin of +names. + +_Sundberg._ _Sund_, floating; _beorg_, a mountain. A floating mountain; +an iceberg. + +_Sunderland._ _Sunder_, sunder, separate, different; _land_, land. A +separate land; a land that has been sundered, from _sundrían_, to sunder, +or separated. + +_Sutton._ _Súdh_, south; _tún_, town. South-town. + +_Suwald._ _Súdh_, south; _wald_, wood. South-wood. + +_Swallow._ _Swalewe_, a swallow. + +_Swan._ _Swan_, a swan. Swann, from the same radix. + +_Swank._ _Swânc_, imperfect of _swincan_, to toil, to labor. Labored; +toil-worn. + +_Swanson._ _Swan_, Swan; _sun_, son. Son of Swan. + +_Swanton._ _Swan_, a swan; _tún_, town, a dwelling. A swan-dwelling. + +_Swarbrig._ _Swǽr_, heavy; _brig_, a bridge. A heavy bridge. + +_Swartley._ _Swart_, black; _líc_, like. Resembling black. + +_Sweat._ _Swet_, sweat, blood, gore. + +_Sweater._ _Swet_, sweat; _ere_, an agent. One who sweats; a laborer. + +_Sweatman._ _Swet_, sweat; _man_, a man. A man that sweats; a toiler. + +_Sweet._ _Swét_, sweet, pleasant. + +_Sweeten._ _Swéten_, from _swét-an_, to sweeten. Made sweet; sweetened. + +_Sweeting._ _Sweet_, Sweet; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Sweet. + +_Sweetland._ _Swét_, pleasant; _land_, a land. A pleasant land. + +_Sweetman._ _Swét_, pleasant; _man_, a man. An agreeable man. + +_Sweetwood._ _Swét_, pleasant; _wud_, a wood. A pleasant wood. + +_Swegan._ _Swég-an_, to sound, make a noise, to howl as the wind. + +_Sweigard._ _Sweig_, a noise; _ard_, an ensign of office. One whose +office is to make a noise, as evidenced by an ensign; a town-crier. +Sweigert, Swigert, of like derivation. + +_Sweiger._ _Sweig_, a noise; _ere_, an agent. A noisy fellow. Or, from +_sweig-an_, to make a noise, and _ere_, an agent. + +_Swenck._ _Swenc_, temptation, condemnation. + +_Swenson._ _Swein_, a swain, a herdsman, a servant; _sun_, son. Son of a +swain; son of a herdsman. + +_Swift._ _Swift_, swift, nimble. + +_Swigler._ _Swíga_, silence; _lǽr_, learning, knowledge, doctrine. +Silence-doctrine. + +_Swiler._ _Swil-ian_, to swill, to wash; _ere_, an agent. One who swills; +a swiller; a drunkard. + +_Swilkey._ _Swilce_, moreover, seeing, indeed, further. + +_Swindell._ _Swin_, a song, a lay; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A +song-valley. + +_Swindells._ _Swindell_, Swindell; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Swindell. + +_Swinden._ _Swin_, a song; _den_, a valley. A song-valley. + +_Swineford._ _Swín_, swine, a pig; _ford_, a ford. Swine-ford. + +_Swinehart._ _Swín_, swine; _heort_, a termination denoting hearty, +hearted, brave. Swine-hearted; brave as swine. + +_Swing._ _Swing_, a whip, a blow, a stripe. + +_Swink._ _Swinc_, labor, inconvenience, fatigue, trouble, affliction, +torment, temptation, banishment. + +_Swinker._ _Swinc_, labor, torment; _ere_, an agent. A laborer; a +tormentor. + +_Swinton._ _Swin_, a song; _tún_, a house. A song-house. Swint, perhaps, +a contraction. + +_Swire._ _Swir_, a column, a pillar. + +_Swope._ _Swope_, a whip, a scourge. + +_Syckelmoore._ _Sicel_, a sickle; _mór_, a moor, a heath. A sickled heath. + +_Syle._ _Sýl_, a sill, a ground-post, a post, a pillar, a column. + +_Sypher._ _Sýfer_, pure, decent, sober, abstinent, chaste. + + +T. + +_Tadly._ _Táde_, a toad; _líc_, like. Toad-like. + +_Taessel._ _Tǽsel_, teasel, the fuller’s herb. + +_Tafel._ _Tæfel_, a dice or gaming table, a game at table or dice. + +_Tag._ _Tæg_, a bag, a chest, a coffer, a cupboard. Tage, Tagg, Tague, +kindred names. + +_Taggart._ _Tæg_, a bag, a chest; _geard_, a measure. Chest-measure. + +_Tagle._ _Tǽgel_, a tail. + +_Tams._ Irish _tam_, slow, sluggish; Anglo-Saxon _s_ for _sun_, son. Son +of Tamm; a slow son. + +_Tapking._ _Tæpp_, a tap; _cyncg_, a king. A tap-king; a drinking king. + +_Tappan._ _Tæppan_, to tap, to draw out, to drink. + +_Tappen._ _Tæppen_, indicative of a participle from _tæppan_, to tap, to +draw out, to drink. Tapped; drawn out; drank. + +_Tapper._ _Tæpp-ere_, a tapper, butler, vinter. + +_Tapping._ _Tæpp_, a tap; _ing_, expressive of action. Tapping; drawing +out. + +_Tarbert._ _Tare_, tar; _beorht_, glistening. Tar-glistening. + +_Targett._ _Targe_, a shield, a buckler; _ett_, little, small. A little +shield. + +_Tar._ _Tare_, tar, balsam, pitch. + +_Tarring._ _Tarr_, Tarr; _ing_, expressive of origin. Descendant of Tarr. + +_Tarton._ _Tare_, tar, pitch; _tún_, a farm. A tar-farm. + +_Taswell._ _Tas_, a tass; _well_, a well. A mow of corn. + +_Tate._ _Tát_, soft, tender. + +_Tatham._ _Tát_, soft, tender; _hám_, a home. A tender home. Tatem, +perhaps, an abbreviated form of the word. + +_Tatlow._ _Tát_, soft, tender, and _low_, a low, a bellow, from _hlowan_, +to low, to bellow. A tender low; a soft bellow. + +_Tatman._ _Tát_, soft, tender; _man_, a man. A tender man. + +_Taw._ _Táw_, tow. + +_Taws._ _Taw_, Taw; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Taw. + +_Teal._ _Teale_, an excuse. + +_Teamer._ _Teáma_, a voucher, a witness, a leader. + +_Tees._ _Tǽse_, right, kind, benevolent, gentle. Teese, of like import. + +_Teesdale._ _Tǽse_, gentle; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A gentle dale. + +_Telford._ _Tele_, imperfect of _tellan_, to esteem. An esteemed ford. + +_Telle._ _Tele_, reputed, esteemed. Tell, of like significance. + +_Teller._ _Tellan_, to tell, to relate; _ere_, an agent. A teller; a +relater. + +_Temple._ _Tempel_, Latin _templum_, a temple. + +_Templeman._ _Tempel_, a temple; _man_, a man. A temple-man; a priest. + +_Templeton._ _Tempel_, a temple; _tún_, a house, a town. A temple-house; +a church; a town of temples. When the Angles and Saxons settled in +Britain, they had idols, altars, temples, and priests. These temples +were surrounded with enclosures, and were profaned if lances were thrown +into them. It is probable, therefore, that they obtained their word for +temple directly from the Latins, and not from the Norman-French after the +Conquest by William. + +_Thacher._ _Thecere_, from _thæc_, a thach, a thatch, a roof, and _ere_, +an agent. A thatcher; a roofer. Thatcher, from the same derivation. + +_Thatford._ _Theód_, people’s; _ford_, a ford. People’s ford. + +_Thaw._ _Theáw_, custom, manner, habit, behavior. + +_Thegen._ _Thegen_, a servant, attendant, disciple, scholar, soldier, +officer, knight, nobleman. + +_Thein._ _Theign_, a servant, attendant, disciple, officer, nobleman. + +_Thissell._ _Thistel_, a thistle. Thistle, a kindred term. + +_Thole._ _Thól_, the thole, a piece of wood to support the oars. + +_Tholey._ _Thól_, the thole; _líc_, like. Thole-like. + +_Thorman._ _Thor_, Thor; _man_, a servant. A servant of Thor. Thor was +one of the principal idols of the Saxons, Germans, etc. He was their +Jupiter. + +_Thorn._ _Thorn_, a thorn. Thorne, an equivalent name. + +_Thornberg._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _beorg_, a hill. A thorn-hill; a thorny +hill. Thornburg, from the same roots. + +_Thornberry._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _berige_, a berry. A thorny berry; a +prickly berry. + +_Thornhill._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _hyll_, a hill. A thorny hill. + +_Thornley._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _líc_, like. Thorn-like. + +_Thornton._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _tún_, a farm. A thorny farm. + +_Thorp._ _Thorpe_, a thorp, village. Thorpe, a kindred name. + +_Thrall._ _Thræl_, a slave, a bondman. + +_Thrasher._ _Thærsc-ere_, from _thærsc-an_, to thrash, and _ere_, an +agent. A thrasher. + +_Threlfall._ _Threal_, a servant; _fæl_, pure, clean, good, true. A good +servant. + +_Thress._ _Thræs_, or _thres_, a hem, a frill. + +_Thur._ _Thur_, Thor. + +_Thurber._ _Thur_, Thor; _beorh_, a mountain. Thor’s mountain. + +_Thuring._ _Thur_, Thor; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Thor. + +_Thurman._ _Thur_, Thor; _man_, a servant. Thor’s servant. + +_Thurston._ _Thures_, genitive of _Thur_, Thor; _tún_, house. Thor’s +house. + +_Thurwanger._ _Thur_, Thor; _wangere_, a pillow. Thor’s pillow. + +_Tiegman._ _Tige_, a tie, a band; _man_, a man. One who uses a band; a +surgeon. + +_Tiel._ _Tigle_, a tile. + +_Tier._ _Tier_, a tier, rank, series, heap. + +_Tiers._ _Tier_, Tier; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Tier. + +_Tilburn._ _Til_, station; _burne_, a bourn, stream, brook. A station +near a stream. + +_Tilden._ _Til_, a station; _den_, a valley. A valley-station. + +_Till._ _Till_, a station. + +_Tillman._ _Till_, a station; _man_, a man. A station-master. Tilman, a +cognate name. + +_Tillyer._ _Till-an_, to till, to cultivate; _ere_, an agent. A tiller; a +cultivator. + +_Tilton._ _Til_, station; _tún_, town. A station-town. + +_Tindall._ _Tin_, tin; _dál_, a valley. A tin-valley. Tindel, from the +same root. + +_Tine._ _Tine_, a tine, tooth of a harrow. + +_Tines._ _Tine_, Tine; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Tine. + +_Tinney._ _Tin-ig_, resembling tin. + +_Tinsley._ _Tines_, genitive of _tin_, tin; _líc_, form, like. Tin-like; +form of tin. Tinley, of similar derivation. + +_Tinsman._ _Tines_, genitive of _tin_, tin; _man_, man. A dealer in tin; +a seller of tin. + +_Toft._ _Toft_, a croft, a homestead. + +_Tool._ _Tól_, a tool, an instrument. Toole, from the same root. + +_Toon._ _Tún_, pronounced _toon_, a field, dwelling, house, mansion, +yard, farm, village, class, course, town. Toone, of like derivation. + +_Tooney._ _Tún-ig_, from _tún_, a town, and _ig_, an adjective +termination implying resemblance. Townish. + +_Toorish._ _Torr_, a tower; _isc_, an adjective termination signifying +resembling. Tower-like. + +_Toothaker._ _Tódh-ece_, the toothache; _ere_, an agent. One who has the +toothache. + +_Topham._ _Top_, a ball, a tuft at the top of anything; _hám_, a home. A +hilly home. + +_Topley._ _Top_, a ball; _líc_, like. Resembling a ball. + +_Toplis._ _Top_, a ball; _liss_, favor. Ball-favor. + +_Topping._ _Top_, a ball; _ing_, implying action. Balling. + +_Torbeort._ _Tor_, a tower, a high hill, rock, peak, tor; _beorht_, +glistening, shining. A glistening peak. + +_Torr._ _Tor_, a tower, rock, peak, tor. + +_Torrey._ _Tor-ig_, from _tor_, a tower, a hill, a rock; _ig_, an +adjective termination. Towering; hilly; rocky. + +_Tower._ _Tor_, a tower, a high hill. + +_Towers._ _Tower_, Tower; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Tower. + +_Town._ _Tún_, a field, a dwelling, house, mansion, farm, village, town, +city. Towne, from the same radix. + +_Towner._ _Tún_, a town; _ere_, an agent. A dweller in a town; a townsman. + +_Townley._ _Tún_, a town; _líc_, like. Resembling a town. + +_Towns._ _Town_, Town; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Town. + +_Townsend._ _Túnes_, genitive of _tún_, a town; _end_, termination of +masculine nouns denoting a man. A townsman. + +_Townson._ _Town_, Town; _sun_, son. Son of Town. + +_Trager._ _Trag_, evil, bad; _ere_, an agent. An evil person; a sinner. + +_Treadway._ _Træd_, trod; _wæg_, a way. A trodden way. Or, from _tred_, a +step, and _wæg_, a way. A step-way; a stairs. Tredway, of like derivation. + +_Treadwell._ _Tred_, a step; _well_, a well. A step-well. + +_Tree._ _Treow_, or _treo_, a tree, a club. + +_Tregea._ _Tréga_, vexation, tribulation, contumely, loss, misery, +torment. Trego, perhaps, from the same root. + +_Tresch._ _Treisc_, tragical. Tresck, from the same root. + +_Trescher._ _Treisc_, tragical; _ere_, an agent. A tragedian. Tresher, an +equivalent name. + +_Treude._ _Treúdh_, troth, truth, league, pledge, covenant. + +_Trewin._ _Tré_, vexation, tribulation; _win_, a man. A man of +tribulation. + +_Trexler._ _Treisc_, tragical; _lár_, knowledge, learning. Tragedy. + +_Treischbock._ _Treisc_, tragical; _bóc_, a book. A book of tragedy. + +_Trimmingham._ _Trymming_, confirming, fortifying, establishing; _hám_, a +house. A house of confirmation. + +_Troth._ _Treówdh_, troth, truth. + +_Trout._ _Truht_, a trout. Troutt, an equivalent name. + +_Troutman._ _Truht_, a trout; _man_, a man. A trout-fisher. + +_Trow._ _Treów_, trust, faith, pledge, covenant. + +_Trowbridge._ _Treówe_, faithful; _bricg_, a bridge. A faithful bridge. + +_Trowell._ _Treów_, trust, faith; _el_, indicative of a person. A trusty +person; a faithful person. + +_True._ _Trýwe_, true, faithful. + +_Trueman._ _Trýwe_, true; _man_, a man, a servant. A true man; a faithful +servant. Truman, of similar import. + +_Tudor._ _Tudor_, issue, offspring, seed, progeny, posterity, family. +Tuder, a kindred name. + +_Tuman._ _Tú_, two; _man_, a man. Twin-man; twin-brother. + +_Tumbleston._ _Tumb-ian_, to tumble; _stán_, a rock. A rock that tumbles; +a tumbling rock. + +_Tunis._ _Túnes_, genitive of _tún_, a town. Belonging to a town. + +_Tunison._ _Túnes_, genitive of _tún_, a town; _sun_, son. Son of a town; +a townsman. + +_Tunney._ _Tún_, a town; _ig_, an adjective termination. Townish. Tunny, +of similar derivation. + +_Tuohy._ _Tuoege_, two. + +_Turkington._ _Turk_, from Irish _torc_, a boar; _ing_, implying a +descendant; _tún_, house. Home of a descendant of Turk. Torkington, of +similar significance. + +_Turland._ _Tur_, a tower, a high hill, a peak; _land_, a land. A hilly +land. + +_Turley._ _Tur_, a tower; _líc_, like. Resembling a tower; tower-like; +towering. + +_Turnbolt._ _Turnian_, to turn; _bolt_, a bolt. A turned bolt. + +_Turnbull._ _Turnian_, to turn; _bull_, a stud, a brooch. A turned brooch. + +_Turner._ _Turnian_, to turn; _ere_, an agent. A turner. + +_Turnpenny._ _Turnian_, to turn; _penig_, a penny. A turned penny. + +_Turpin._ _Tur_, a rock; _pinn_, a pen. A rock pen; a steel pen. + +_Turtle._ _Turtel_, or _turtle_, a turtle, a turtle-dove. + +_Tussey._ _Tusc_, the canine, or eye-tooth, a tusk; _ig_, denoting an +adjective. Tusky. + +_Tustin._ _Tusc_, a tusk; _tine_, a tine. Tine of a tusk. + +_Tuston._ _Tusc_, a tusk; _tún_, a house, a dwelling. A tusk-house. + +_Twaddell._ _Twæde_, double, two-fold; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A +twin-valley. + +_Tway._ _Twá_, twice, double. + +_Tweed._ _Twæde_, double, two-fold. + +_Tweedale._ _Tweo_, double; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A twin-valley. + +_Tweedie._ _Twæde_, double, two-fold. + +_Tweedle._ _Twæde_, double; _le_, for _el_, indicative of a person. A +twin. + +_Twitman._ _Ætwitan_, to tease, to reproach, to blame, to upbraid; _man_, +a man. A person who upbraids another. + +_Twibill._ _Twý-bill_, a twibill, a pole-axe. + +_Twiford._ _Twý-ford_, a double ford. Applied to the name of places near +a river where two branches had to be forded. + +_Twigg._ _Twig_, two, double. + +_Twigs._ _Twig_, Twig; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Twig. + +_Twiney._ _Twín_, thread, twine, fine linen; _ig_, expressive of an +adjective. Resembling twine. + +_Twining._ _Twín-an_, to twine, to twist; _ing_, implying action. +Twining; twisting. + +_Twitchell._ _Twiccian_, to twitch; _el_, a termination denoting a +person. A person that twitches; a nervous, restless person. + +_Tyber._ _Tiber_, a sacrifice, gift, offering, victim. + +_Tye._ _Ty_, instructs, teaches, imbues, inures. + +_Tyer._ _Ty_, instructs, teaches; _ere_, an agent. An instructor; a +teacher. + +_Tylacher._ _Ty_, instructs; _lach_, a garment; _ere_, an agent. A +sewing-teacher; a tailor. Tylacker, a kindred name. + +_Tymon._ _Ty_, instructs; _mon_, a man. A man that instructs; a pedagogue. + +_Tynan._ _Tynan_, to hedge in, to enclose, to shut. + +_Tyne._ _Tyne_, ten. + +_Tyner._ _Tyne_, ten; _ere_, an agent. A person of ten years of +experience. + +_Tyre._ _Tyr_, a leader, prince, glory, splendor. + +_Tyrell._ _Tyr_, a prince; _el_, an ending denoting a person. A princely +person. + +_Tyson._ _Tye_, Tye; _sun_, son. Son of Tye. + + +U. + +_Ulm._ _Ulm_, an elm. + +_Ulman._ _Ulm_, an elm; _man_, a man. An elm-man; a propagator of the elm. + +_Ulmer._ _Ulm_, an elm; _ere_, an agent. A cultivator of the elm. + +_Ulric._ _Ulph-ríc_, from _ulph_, help, aid, assistance, and _ríc_, rich, +powerful. Rich, or powerful in help. Ulrick, a cognate term. + +_Umstead._ _Hulme_, for _holm_, the deep sea, abyss, ocean, water, and +_stede_, a place. Ocean-place. Umsted, an analogous name. + +_Underdown._ _Under_, under; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. An under hill. + +_Underhill._ _Under_, under; _hyll_, a hill. An under hill. + +_Underwood._ _Under_, under; _wud_, wood. Under-wood; undergrowth. + +_Unger._ _Ungr_, hunger. + +_Ungerer._ _Ungr_, hunger; _ere_, an agent. A hungry person. + +_Upham._ _Upp_, high, lofty; _hám_, a house. A lofty home. + +_Upmann._ _Upp_, high; _mann_, a man. A man high in position; a man of +rank; a superior. + +_Upp._ _Upp_, high, lofty. + +_Upright._ _Up-riht_, upright, erect. + +_Upson._ _Up_, Upp; _sun_, son. Son of Upp. + +_Upton._ _Upp_, high, lofty; _tún_, a town. A lofty town. + +_Ustick._ _Ust_, a tempest; _ig_, an adjective termination. Tempestuous; +stormy. + +_Uth._ _Udh_, pronounced _uth_, termination of the feminine noun +_geogudh_, youth. + +_Uting._ _Ut_, Utt; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Utt. + +_Utt._ _Ut_, out, without, abroad. + +_Uttley._ _Utt_, Utt; _líc_, like. Resembling Utt. + + +W. + +_Wade._ _Wád_, a ford. + +_Wadsworth._ _Wádes_, genitive of _wád_, a ford; _weordh_, value, price. +Valuable ford. + +_Waer._ _Wǽr_, an enclosure, a fishpond, a wear, a wave. + +_Waesch._ _Wæsc_, a washing. + +_Wagel._ _Wægel_, a gill, a little vessel. + +_Wagener._ _Wǽgen-ere_, a wagoner, driver of a car. Waggener, Wagner, +Wagoner, kindred terms. + +_Wager._ _Wǽg_, a wey, weigh, weight; _ere_, an agent. A weigher. + +_Wagstaff._ _Wǽg_, a balance; _stæf_, a staff, stick, pole. A +balance-pole. + +_Wainwright._ _Wǽn-wyrhta_, a wheelwright. + +_Wake._ _Wæcce_, wake, watch, vigil. A watching. + +_Wakefield._ _Wæcan_, to awake, arise, to be born; past participle +_wacen_, awakened; _feld_, a field. An awakened field. + +_Wakeley._ _Wǽc-líc_, from _wǽc_, weak, and _líc_, like. Weak-like; +weakly. Wakelee, of similar derivation. + +_Wakeling._ _Wǽc_, weak; _ling_, implying the condition of a person. A +weakling; a feeble creature. + +_Walborn._ _Wæl_, or _wal_, slaughter, carnage, death; _born_, born. +Dead-born; stillborn. + +_Walce._ _Walc_, a veil. + +_Walch._ _Walch_, a foreigner, a stranger, a servant, a slave. + +_Walcher._ _Walch_, a foreigner, a stranger; _ere_, an agent. A foreigner. + +_Wald._ _Wald_, a forest, wood, grove, weald, wild, wold. Walde, of like +import. + +_Waldeck._ _Wald_, a wood; _ig_, implying an adjective. Woody. + +_Walden._ _Wald_, wood; _en_, an adjective termination. Woody. + +_Walder._ _Wald_, a forest; _ere_, an agent. A forester. + +_Walderford._ _Walda_, a ruler; _ford_, a ford. The ruler’s ford. + +_Walderly._ _Walda-líc_, from _walda_, a ruler, and _líc_, like. +Resembling a ruler. + +_Waldie._ _Wald_, a wood; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Woody. + +_Waldis._ _Wald_, a wood; _isc_, like. Wood-like. + +_Waldman._ _Wald_, a wood; _man_, a man. A woodman. Waldmann, a kindred +name. + +_Waldner._ _Wald_, a wood, a forest; _nere_, a refuge. Wood-refuge. + +_Waldron._ _Wald_, a wood; _rond_, a border. A wood-border. + +_Walds._ _Wald_, Wald; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wald. + +_Waley._ _Wæl_, a well; _ig_, implying an adjective. Well-like. + +_Walfish._ _Wæl_, a well; _fisc_, a fish. A well-fish. + +_Walford._ _Wáll_, a rampart; _ford_, a ford. A rampart-ford; a moat. + +_Walk._ _Weolc_, imperfect of _wealcan_, to roll, turn, tumble, revolve, +turn up and down. Rolled; tumbled; revolved; turned up and down. + +_Walker._ _Weolc_, rolled, revolved, turned up and down; _ere_, an agent. +One who turned up and down; a walker. + +_Walkley._ _Walk_, Walk; _líc_, like. Resembling Walk. + +_Wall._ _Weall_, or _wáll_, a wall, a rampart. + +_Wallace._ _Wáll_, a rampart, a bulwark; _lǽce_, a surgeon. The surgeon +of a rampart. Wallack, Wallick, of like derivation. + +_Wallen._ _Wáll_, a wall; _en_, a termination denoting an adjective. +Wall-like. + +_Waller._ _Wáll_, a wall; _ere_, an agent. A waller; a mason. + +_Wallers._ _Waller_, Waller; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Waller. + +_Walley._ _Wáll_, a wall; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Wall-like. + +_Wallgren._ _Wáll_, a wall; _gréne_, green. Wall-green. + +_Wallin._ _Wáll_, a wall; _in_, an inn, a dwelling. A walled dwelling. + +_Walling._ _Wáll_, a wall; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Wall. + +_Wallington._ _Walling_, Walling; _tún_, house. Home of Walling. + +_Wallis._ _Weallisc_, foreign, Welsh. + +_Walliser._ _Weallisc_, Welsh; _ere_, an agent. A Welshman. + +_Walls._ _Wall_, Wall; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wall. + +_Wallum._ _Wáll_, a wall; _um_ for _hám_, a house, a dwelling. A walled +house. + +_Walmsley._ _Wælmes_, genitive of _wælm_, heat, anger; _líc_, form, +likeness. Form of anger; resembling heat. + +_Wain._ _Wǽn_, a wain, wagon, carriage. + +_Walnut._ _Wáll_, a wall; _hnut_, a nut. A walled nut. + +_Walraun._ _Wáll_, a wall; _hræfen_, a raven. A wall-raven. + +_Walsh._ _Weallisc_, Welsh. Welch, Welsh, Welsch, from the same radix. + +_Walstead._ _Wáll_, a wall; _stede_, a place. A walled, or fortified +place. + +_Walstrum._ _Wáll_, a wall, a rampart; _streom_, a stream. A walled +stream; an aqueduct. + +_Walt._ _Wald_, a wood, a forest. + +_Walter._ _Wald_, a forest; _ere_, an agent. A forester. Walther, +doubtless, a kindred name. + +_Walters._ _Walter_, Walter; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Walter. + +_Waltman._ _Wald_, a wood; _man_, a man. A woodman; a hunter. + +_Waltoe._ _Wál_, a wall; _tǽ_, a toe. A wall-toe; the toe used in +scaling a rampart. + +_Waltun._ _Wál_, a wall; _tún_, a dwelling. A walled dwelling. + +_Waltram._ _Wald_, a wood; _ram_, a ram. A wooden ram; a battering-ram. + +_Walwork._ _Wáll-geweorc_, from _wáll_, a wall, and _geweorc_, work. +Wall-work. + +_Wamalong._ _Woma_, a sound; _long_, long. A continued sound. + +_Wambold._ _Wam_, crime; _bóld_, audacious. An audacious crime. + +_Wampole._ _Wam_, a stain; _pol_, a pole. A stained pole; a bludgeon. + +_Wanamaker._ _Wana_, deficient, lacking, imperfect; _macian_, to make; +_ere_, an agent. An unskilled mechanic. + +_Wandall._ _Wan_, deficient, wanting, void; _dál_, a valley. An empty +valley. Wandell, of like significance. + +_Wanner._ _Wann_, pale, livid, dusky, dark; _ere_, an agent. A wan person. + +_Warbrick._ _Wár_, caution; _bric_, a bridge. A caution-bridge. + +_Warburton._ _Wǽr-borh_, a pledge for the payment of the were or fine +for slaying a man; _tún_, a town. A town’s pledge for the payment of the +were or fine for slaying a man. + +_Ward._ _Weard_, a warden, ward-keeper, guardian, watchman. + +_Warder._ _Weard_, watch, vigilance; _ere_, denoting an agent. A watchman. + +_Wardin._ _Weardin_, a watch-tower. + +_Wardle._ _Weard_, a guard, guardianship, watch; _le_ for _el_, implying +a person. A watchman. + +_Wardrop._ _Weard_, a warden; _rop_, broth, pottage. A warden’s pottage. + +_Ware._ _Ware_, a harbor, a haven. Or, from _wǽr_, an enclosure. + +_Wareham._ _Wǽr-hám_, from _wǽr_, an enclosure, and _hám_, a house, a +dwelling. A fortified dwelling. Waream, an abbreviated form of the same. + +_Warfield._ _Wær_, war; _feld_, a field, a plain. A battlefield. + +_Warford._ _Wǽr_, an enclosed place; _ford_, a ford. An enclosed ford. + +_Waring._ _Ware_, Ware; _ing_, an offspring. Son of Ware. Or, from +_wǽring_, a wall. + +_Wark._ _Wærc_, work, labor, fatigue, suffering, pain, grief, anguish. + +_Warley._ _Wær_, war; _líc_, like. Warlike. + +_Warman._ _Wær_, war; _man_, a man. A warrior. + +_Warmuth._ _Wær_, war; _múdh_, mouth. War-mouth; declaration of war. + +_Warne._ _Wearn_, a keeping off, obstacle, resistance, refusal, denial. + +_Warner._ _Warnian_, to warn; _ere_, an agent. One who gives warning. + +_Warnig._ _Wearn_, obstacle, resistance; _ig_, denoting an adjective. +Opposing; resistful. Warnick, Warnecke, Warnock, kindred terms. + +_Warr._ _Wearr_, a knot, a wart. + +_Warrick._ _Wearr-ig_, or _wearr-iht_, knotty, rough. + +_Warris._ _Wearr_, a knot, a wart; _isc_, implying like. Knot-like; hard; +rough. + +_Warth._ _Warodh_, a shore, a weed on the shore. + +_Warthman._ _Warodh_, a shore; _man_, a man. A shore-man; a land-man. + +_Wartman._ _Weart_, a wart; _man_, a man. A warty man. + +_Warwick._ _Wǽring-wic_, from _wǽring_, a bulwark, and _wic_, a +dwelling. A fortified dwelling. + +_Wasch._ _Wæsc_, a washing. + +_Wasrott._ _Wæs_, water; _rot_, a mastiff. A water-mastiff. + +_Washam._ _Wæsc_, a washing; _hám_, a house. A wash-house; a laundry. + +_Washburne._ _Wæsc_, a washing; _burne_, a stream, brook, river, well. A +washing stream. Washburn, from the same root. + +_Washington._ _Wæsc-ing_, a washing; _tún_, a house. A washing house. + +_Waste._ _Wæsten_, or _wéste_, a desert. + +_Water._ _Wæter_, water. + +_Waterall._ _Wæter_, water; _all_, all. All-water; a deluge. + +_Waterbury._ _Wæter_, water; _byrig_, a city. A watery city; a +watering-place. + +_Waterfield._ _Wæter_, water; _feld_, a plain. A watery field; a meadow. + +_Waterford._ _Wæter_, water; _ford_, a ford. A watery ford; a ford that +is not dry. + +_Waterhouse._ _Wæter_, water; _hús_, a house. A spring-house. + +_Waterman._ _Wæter_, water; _man_, a man. A water-man; a boatman. + +_Waters._ _Water_, Water; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Water. Watters, a +cognate term. + +_Waterson._ _Water_, Water; _sun_, son. Son of Water. Watterson, of like +derivation. + +_Watford._ _Wæt_, wet, moist; _ford_, a ford. A wet ford; a water-ford. + +_Watkin._ _Wæt_, water, liquor, drink; _cyn_, akin. Akin to water. + +_Watkins._ _Watkin_, Watkin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Watkin. + +_Watkinson._ _Watkin_, Watkin; _sun_, son. Son of Watkin. + +_Watt._ _Wæt_, wet, moisture, drink, liquor, water. + +_Wattis._ _Wæt_, water; _isc_, like. Water-like. + +_Watton._ _Watt_, Watt; _tún_, house. House of Watt. + +_Watts._ _Watt_, Watt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Watt. + +_Wattson._ _Watt_, Watt; _sun_, son. Son of Watt. Watson, a slightly +abbreviated form of the name. + +_Wax._ _Weax_, or _wæx_, wax. + +_Waxler._ _Weax_, wax; _lǽr_, doctrine. Wax-knowledge. + +_Way._ _Wæg_, or _weg_, a way, passage, road. + +_Wayland._ _Wæg_, a road; _land_, land, ground. Road-land; a highway. + +_Waylen._ _Wæg_, a road; _lén_, a loan. Loan, or leased road. + +_Wayman._ _Wæg_, road; _man_, a man. A road-man; a wayfarer; a traveler. + +_Wayne._ _Wǽn_, a wain, wagon, carriage. + +_Waysz._ _Ways_, from _Way_, Way, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Way. + +_Weaber._ _Wæbb_, a web; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, makes a +web; a weaver. + +_Weadley._ _Wǽd_, a garment, apparel, weeds; _líc_, form. Form of weeds; +garment-like. + +_Weagle._ _Wægel_, a gill, a little vessel. + +_Weak._ _Wǽc_, weak. + +_Weakley._ _Wǽc-líc_, from _wǽc_, weak, and _líc_, like. Weakly; +foolishly; vilely. + +_Weaks._ _Weak_, Weak; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Weak. + +_Weand._ _Wænd_, or _wend_, a turn, a change. + +_Wear._ _Wear_, a knot, a wart. Weare, of similar derivation. + +_Wears._ _Wear_, Wear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wear. + +_Weart._ _Weart_, a wart. + +_Weaser_. _Wæs_, water; _ere_, an agent. A waterer. + +_Weatherby._ _Wæder_, or _weder_, weather, storm, tempest; _bý_, a +habitation, a dwelling. A signal dwelling; a weather-house. + +_Weatherhead._ _Wæder_, storm; _heáfd_, a head. Storm-head. + +_Weatherley._ _Wæder_, weather, storm; _líc_, like. Weather-like; +storm-like. Wetherly, of like meaning. + +_Weaver._ _Wæfre_, or _wyfre_, a weaver. + +_Webb._ _Webb_, a web, cloth, tapestry. + +_Webber._ _Webb-ere_, from _webb_, a web, and _ere_ an agent. A weaver. + +_Weber._ _Web_, a web, cloth, tapestry; _ere_, an agent. A weaver. +Weeber, of similar import. + +_Webster._ _Web_, a web, cloth; _ster_ from _steóre_, direction, a +noun-ending denoting direction, guidance. Web-direction. + +_Wecker._ _Wæccer_, watchful, lively. + +_Weckerly._ _Wæccer-líc_, from _wæccer_, watchful, and _líc_, like. +Watchful-like; watchfully. Weckerley, a kindred term. + +_Weddell._ _Wed_, a pledge, a promise; _dál_, a dale. A promised dale. +Wedell, from the same roots. + +_Weder._ _Weder_, weather, the air, firmament, storm, tempest. Or, from +_weder_, a wether. + +_Wedge._ _Wecg_, a wedge. + +_Wedig._ _Weód_, a weed; _ig_, an adjective termination. Weedy. + +_Wedinger._ _Weódung_, a weeding; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that +which, weeds; a weeder. + +_Wedlock._ _Wed-lác_, from _wed_, a pledge, and _lác_, a gift. A +pledge-gift. + +_Wedman._ _Wed_, a pledge; _man_, a man. A pledge-man; a married man. +Wedmann, of like meaning. + +_Weed._ _Weód_, herb, grass, pasture, a weed. + +_Weeden._ _Weód-ian_, to weed; _weód-en_, perfect participle. Weeded; rid +of weeds. + +_Weeder._ _Weód-ere._ A weeder. + +_Weedstram._ _Weód_, a weed; _streám_, a stream, a river. A weedy stream. + +_Weekes._ _Weoces_, genitive of _weoc_, a week. Weeks, a kindred term. + +_Weckley._ _Weoc_, a week; _líc_, like. Week-like; weekly. Weekly, of +similar derivation. + +_Weer._ _Wér_, a fine for slaying a man, the price or value of a man’s +life. Every man was valued at a certain sum, which was called his _wér_, +and whoever took his life was required to pay this _wér_ to the family +or relatives of the deceased. Perhaps the name is derived from _wér_, an +enclosure. + +_Weest._ _Weast_, _wæst_, or _west_, west. + +_Weger._ _Weg_, a wey, a weight; _ere_, an agent. A weigher. + +_Wegman._ _Weg_, a wey, a weight; _man_, a man. A weigher. + +_Weightman._ _Wiht_, weight; _man_, a man. A weigher. + +_Welbank._ _Well_, a well, a fountain; _banc_, a bench, bank, hillock. A +well-bank. Wellbank, a kindred name. + +_Welchman._ _Weallisc_, Welsh; _man_, a man. A Welshman. + +_Welcher._ _Wealcere_, a fuller, a walker. Welker, of similar derivation. + +_Welcom._ _Wél-cuma_, a pleasure-comer, one received with gladness, a +beloved guest. + +_Welle._ _Well_, a well, a fountain. + +_Weller._ _Wellere_, a hollow, a bosom. + +_Wellers._ _Weller_, Weller; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Weller. + +_Welles._ _Welle_, Welle; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Welle. Wells, Welz, +from the same roots. + +_Welling._ _Well_, Welle; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Welle. + +_Wellington._ _Welling_, Welling; _tún_, house. Home of Welling. + +_Wellwood._ _Well_, rich, flourishing; _wud_, wood. A flourishing wood. + +_Welman._ _Wel_, rich, wealthy; _man_, a man. A wealthy man. + +_Welmesley._ _Welmes_, genitive of _welm_, heat, fire; _líc_, form. Form +of heat; fire-like. + +_Welstead._ _Wel_, a well; _stæde_, a place, a station. A well-place. + +_Welton._ _Wel_, rich, flourishing; _tún_, a city. A flourishing city. + +_Wemmer._ _Wemere_, a harlot. + +_Wenban._ _Wen_, a wen, a tower; _bán_, a bone. A wen-bone. + +_Wence._ _Wencle_, a maid, a daughter. Wence, Wenk, of similar derivation. + +_Wendel._ _Wend_, a turn, change; _el_, implying a person. One who turns, +or changes; a fickle person. Wendell, Wendle, from the same roots. + +_Wendling._ _Wend_, a turn, a change; _ling_, a termination denoting the +state of a person. Turning; changing. + +_Wenner._ _Wenn_, a wen; _ere_, an agent. A wen-doctor. + +_Wenger._ _Wengere_, a pillow, a bolster. + +_Wenhold._ _Wen_, pleasure; _hold_, friendship. A pleasure-friendship. + +_Wenrich._ _Wen_, joy, pleasure; _ríce_, power, dominion. +Pleasure-dominion. + +_Wensel._ _Wen_, pleasure; _sel_, palace, hall. Pleasure-hall. + +_Wensler._ _Wenes_, genitive of _wen_, pleasure; _lár_, doctrine. +Pleasure-knowledge. + +_Wensley._ _Wenes_, genitive of _wen_, pleasure; _líc_, form. Form of +pleasure; joy-like. + +_Wentling._ _Wente_, the Gwents, or Welsh; _ling_, a termination denoting +the state or condition of a person. Welsh-state. + +_Wentworth._ _Wente_, the Gwents, or Welsh; _weordh_, dignity. Welsh +dignity. + +_Werfel._ _Wer_, a man; _fel_, skin. Man’s skin. + +_Wermouth._ _Wer_, a man; _múdh_, the mouth. Mouth of man. + +_Werner._ _Wernan_, to warn; _ere_, an agent. One who warns; a warner. + +_Wernley._ _Wern_, a squirrel; _líc_, like. Squirrel-like. + +_Werson._ _Wer_, a man; _sun_, son. Son of man. + +_Werst._ _Werst_, worst. + +_Wert._ _Wert_, wort, an herb, plant. + +_Wertman._ _Wert_, an herb; _man_, a man. An herb-man. + +_Wertz._ _Werts_, from _Wert_, Wert, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wert. + +_Wesley._ _Wes_, the west; _líc_, like. Resembling the west; westernly. + +_Weslyn._ _Wesline_, a rough coat. + +_Wesson._ _Wes_, the west; _sun_, son. A western son. + +_West._ _West_, the west. Weste, of like meaning. + +_Westscott._ _West_, the west; _scot_, payment. The western payment. + +_Westall._ _West_, the west; _all_, all, whole. Wholly west. + +_Westbrook._ _West_, the west; _bróc_, a brook. A western brook. + +_Westcott._ _West_, the west; _cóte_, a cottage. A western cottage. +Westcote, of like derivation. + +_Wester._ _West_, the west; _ere_, an agent. A western man. Or, from +_wéste_, a desert, and _ere_, an agent. A man of the desert. + +_Westerman._ _Western_, a desert place; _man_, a man. A desert-man. + +_Westholt._ _West_, the west; _holt_, a forest. A western forest. + +_Westing._ _West_, west; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of West. + +_Westly._ _West_, west; _líc_, like. West-like; westernly. + +_Westney._ _Westan-ig_, from _westan_, west, and _ig_, an island. Western +island. + +_Weston._ _West_, the west; _tún_, a town. A western town. + +_Westwood._ _Westan-wudu_, from _westan_, western, and _wudu_, wood. +Western wood. + +_Weter._ _Weter_, water. + +_Wetherald._ _Wedher_, a wether, a ram; _ald_, old. An old wether; an old +ram. + +_Wetherbee._ _Wedher_, weather; _beo_, a bee. A weather-bee. Weatherbee, +a kindred name. + +_Wetherell._ _Wedher_, weather; _ell_, all. All weather; weather for all. +Wetherill, doubtless, from the same roots. + +_Wetherhold._ _Wedher_, weather; _hold_, pleasant. Agreeable weather. + +_Wetmer._ _Wet_, wet; _mere_, a sea. A wet sea. + +_Wetmore._ _Wet-mór_, from _wet_, wet, and _mór_, a moor. A wet moor. + +_Wetstone._ _Wet_, wet; _stæn_ a stone. A wet stone. + +_Wetton._ _Wet_, wet; _tún_, a town. A wet town. + +_Wheat._ _Hwǽte_, wheat. + +_Wheatcroft._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _croft_, a small field. A wheat field. + +_Wheatland._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _land_, land. Wheat land. + +_Wheatley._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _líc_, like. Resembling wheat. + +_Wheaton._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _tún_, farm. A wheat farm. + +_Wheeler._ _Hweohl_, or _hweol_, a wheel, circle, the world; _ere_, an +agent. A wheeler. Or, from _hweolere_, a diviner. + +_Wheelock._ _Hweohl_, a wheel; _loc_, a lock. A wheel-lock. + +_Whelan._ _Hwélan_, to become foul, to putrefy. + +_Whelen._ _Hwélen_, a participle derived from _hwélan_, to become foul. +Made foul. + +_Whetham._ _Hwet_, wet; _hám_, house. Wet house; water-house. Whithem, +Whittem, other forms of spelling. + +_Whetstone._ _Hwet-stán_, from _hwet_, sharpening, and _stán_, stone. +Whetstone. + +_Whipp._ _Hweop_, a whip. + +_Whipper._ _Hweop_, a whip; _ere_, an agent. One who whips; a whipper. + +_Whippey._ _Hweop_, a whip; _ig_, an adjective termination. Whip-like. + +_Whipple._ _Hweop_, a whip; _el_, a termination expressive of an +inanimate object. A whip-like bar. + +_Whistler._ _Hwistlere_, a whistler, a piper. Whisler, an abbreviated +form of the name. + +_Whitaker._ _Hwít_, white; _æcer_, a field. A white field. Whitecar, +Whittaker, of like import. + +_Whitall._ _Hwítel_, a white mantle; a priest’s cope. Whital, Whittle, +cognate terms. + +_Whitby._ _Hwít_, white; _bý_, a habitation. A white habitation. + +_Whitcomb._ _Hwít_, white; _comb_, a valley. A white valley. + +_White._ _Hwíte_, white. Whyte, from the same root. + +_Whitechurch._ _Hwíte-cirice_, from _hwít_, white, and _cirice_, a +church. A white church. + +_Whitecraft._ _Hwíte_, white; _cræft_, trade, occupation. A white trade. + +_Whitefield._ _Hwíte_, white; _feld_, a field. A white field. Whitfield, +of similar meaning. + +_Whiteford._ _Hwíte_, white; _ford_, a ford. A white ford. + +_Whitehead._ _Hwíte_, white; _heáfod_, a head. A white head. + +_Whitehill._ _Hwíte_, white; _hyll_, a hill. A white hill. + +_Whitehouse._ _Hwíte_, white; _hús_, a house. A white house. + +_Whiteley._ _Hwíte_, white; _líc_, like. Resembling white. Whitely, +Whitley, of like derivation. + +_Whiteline._ _Hwíte_, white; _lín_, flax. White flax. Or, from _hwíte_, +white, and Latin _linea_, a line: hence, a white line. + +_Whiteling._ _Hwíte_, white; _ling_, a termination denoting state of a +person. Whiteness. Whitling, a kindred term. + +_Whitelock._ _Hwíte_, white; _locc_, a lock, hair. White hair. Whitlock, +from the same roots. + +_Whiteman._ _Hwíte_, white; _man_, a man. A white man. Whitman, kindred +name. + +_Whitenack._ _Hwíte_, white; _naca_, a skiff. A white skiff. + +_Whitesell._ _Hwíte_, white; _sel_, a hall. A white hall. Whitzell, of +similar import. + +_Whiteside._ _Hwíte_, white; _síde_, a side. A white side. + +_Whitesides._ _Whiteside_, Whiteside; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of +Whiteside. + +_Whiting._ _White_, White; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of White. + +_Whitmore._ _Hwít_, white; _mór_, a moor. A white moor. + +_Whitnall._ _Hwíten_,—participle from _hwítian_, to whiten,—made white or +whitened; _all_, all. All whitened. + +_Whitney._ _Hwíten_, whitened; _ig_, an adjective termination. Whitish; +somewhat white. + +_Whitnight._ _Hwít_, white; _niht_, night. A white night; a moonlit night. + +_Whiton._ _Hwít_, white; _tún_, a farm. A white farm. + +_Whitson._ _Hwít_, white; _sun_, son. A white son; a pale son. + +_Whitten._ _Hwíten_, from _hwítian_, to whiten. Whitened. + +_Whittenberg._ _Hwíten_, whitened; _beorg_, a hill. A whitened hill. + +_Whittendale._ _Hwíten_, whitened; _dál_, a valley. A whitened valley. + +_Whittig._ _Hwít_, white; _ig_, an adjective termination. Whitish. +Whittick, Whitty, of like derivation. + +_Whittingham._ _Whitting_, Whiting; _hám_, house. Home of Whiting. + +_Whittington._ _Whitting_, Whiting; _tún_, house. House of Whiting. + +_Whitworth._ _Hwít_, white; _weordh_, honor, dignity. White, or unsullied +honor. + +_Whorf._ _Hwearf_, a wharf, a shore. + +_Why._ _Hwy_, why, wherefore, indeed. + +_Whyard._ _Hwy_, why; _ard_, indicating an ensign. One who asks for +reasons; a questioner. + +_Wiard._ _Wí_, an idol; _ard_, indicative of an ensign. An idolater. + +_Wibberley._ _Wibba_, a worm; _líc_, like. Worm-like. + +_Wíble._ _Wibil_, a weasel, a beetle. + +_Wicemann._ _Wic_, a castle; _mann_, a man. Man of the castle. Wichmann, +of similar derivation. + +_Wichelmann._ _Wicelian_, to stagger, to reel; _mann_, a man. A +staggering man. + +_Wick._ _Wic_, a dwelling-place, mansion, village, street, convent, camp, +castle, fortress. + +_Wickel._ _Wicele_, present indicative first person of _wicelian_, to +stagger, to reel. + +_Wickersham._ _Wic_, a camp; _ere_, an agent; _wiceres_, genitive of +_wicere_, a soldier; _hám_, a house. A soldier’s home. + +_Wicks._ _Wick_, Wick; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wick. Wickes, from the +same roots. + +_Wickfield._ _Wic_, a camp; _feld_, a field, a plain. A camp-field; a +tented plain. + +_Wickham._ _Wic_, a camp; _hám_, home. A camp-home. + +_Wickman._ _Wic_, a camp; _man_, a man. A camp-man; a soldier. + +_Widdall._ _Wíd_, grass; _dál_, a valley. A grass-valley. + +_Widdifield._ _Wídisc_, grassy; _feld_, a field, a plain. A grassy plain. + +_Widdis._ _Wíd_, grass; _ísc_, an adjective termination denoting like. +Grassy. + +_Widdows._ _Widewe_, a widow; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a widow. +Widdoes, a cognate term. + +_Wideman._ _Wíd_, wide, broad, famous; _man_, a man. A broad man; a +famous man. Widemann, Widman, Widmann, of like import. + +_Widemer._ _Wíd-mǽre_, from _wíd_, far, and _mǽre_, famed. Far-famed. +Widmer, from the same roots. + +_Widener._ _Wíd_, grass; _nere_, a refuge. A grass-refuge. Widner, a +cognate term. + +_Widger._ _Wicg_, a horse, a steed; _ere_, an agent. A horseman; a +warrior. + +_Widley._ _Wíd_, wide; _líc_, like. Widely. + +_Wiese._ _Wiese_, wise, prudent. + +_Wigand._ _Wigend_, a warrior, a soldier. + +_Wiggan._ _Wiggan_, to carry on war, to fight, to contend. + +_Wiggins._ _Wiggin_, Wiggan; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wiggan. + +_Wigham._ _Wig_, war; _hám_, a house. A war-house; castle; tower; +fortress. + +_Wight._ _Wiht_, a creature, wight, animal. + +_Wightman._ _Wiht-man_, from _Wiht_, the Isle of Wight, and _man_, a man. +A man of the Isle of Wight. + +_Wigley._ _Wig-líc_, from _wig_, war, and _líc_, like. Warlike. + +_Wigman._ _Wig-mann_, from _wig_, war, and _mann_, a man. A warlike man; +a warrior; a soldier. + +_Wigmore._ _Wig_, battle; _mór_, a moor. A battle-moor. + +_Wigo._ _Wiga_, a soldier, a warrior. + +_Wigton._ _Wig_, a battle; _tún_, town. A battle-town. + +_Wike._ _Wic_, a dwelling-place, mansion. + +_Wilbank._ _Wil_, a prefix denoting pleasant; _banc_, a bank. A pleasant +bank. + +_Wilbraham._ _Wilbra_, Wilbur; _hám_, house. House of Wilbur. + +_Wilbur._ _Wil_, pleasant; _búr_, a bower. A pleasant bower. Wilber, from +the same roots. + +_Wilby._ _Wil_, pleasant; _bý_, dwelling. A pleasant dwelling. + +_Wilcock._ _Wil_, good, well; _cocc_, a cock. A well-bred cock. + +_Wilcocks._ _Wilcock_, Wilcock; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wilcock. +Wilcox, a kindred term. + +_Wild._ _Wíld_, following its own will and impulse, wild, powerful. +Wilde, of similar meaning. + +_Wildermore._ _Wíld_, wild; _mór_, a moor. A wild moor; an uncultivated +moor. + +_Wilder._ _Wíld_, wild; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is wild. + +_Wildes._ _Wild_, Wild; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wilde. Wilds, of like +derivation. + +_Wildey._ _Wíld-ig_, from _wíld_, wild; _ig_, an adjective termination. +Wild-like; wildly. Willdey, from the same roots. + +_Wilding._ _Wíld_, wild; _ing_, expressing action. Growing wild. + +_Wildman._ _Wíld_, wild; _man_, a man. A wild man. An uncivilized man. + +_Wile._ _Wíle_, a wile, craftiness. + +_Wileman._ _Wíle_, a wile, craftiness. A wily man; a crafty man. + +_Wilen._ _Wilen_, or _wilhen_, a maid, a foreign woman, a female slave. + +_Wiler._ _Wíle_, a wile; _ere_, an agent. A trickster. + +_Wiles._ _Wile_, Wile; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wile. + +_Wiley._ _Wíle_, wile; _ig_, an adjective termination. Wily; tricky; +crafty. Wilie, from the same roots. + +_Wilfong._ _Wil_, well; _fong_, received. Well-received. + +_Wilfonger._ _Wil_, well; _fong_, received; _ere_, an agent. One who is +well received. + +_Wilford._ _Wil_, pleasant; _ford_, a ford. A pleasant ford. + +_Wilgus._ _Wiliges_, genitive of _wilig_, a willow. Belonging to a willow. + +_Wilhare._ _Wil_, pleasant; _harra_, a lord. A pleasant lord. Wilher, +from the same roots. + +_Wilhelm._ _Wil_, well, pleasant; _helm_, a crown. An easy crown; a happy +monarch. Or, from _will_, a will, and _helm_, a helmet. A will-helmet; an +undaunted helmet. + +_Wilkening._ _Wil_, pleasant; _cyn_, people; _ing_, offspring. Descendant +of pleasant people. + +_Wilkens._ _Wilken_, pleasant people; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of pleasant +people. Wilkes, Wilks, possibly, contractions of the same name. + +_Wilkinson._ _Wilken_, pleasant people; _sun_, son. Son of pleasant +people. + +_Will._ _Will_, will, mind, disposition, affection, consent. + +_Willahan._ _Will-an_, of one’s will, willingly. Willian, from the same +root. + +_Willand._ _Willende_, willing, wishing. Willang, doubtless, from the +same radix. + +_Willans._ _Willan_, Willahan; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willahan. + +_Willard._ _Wil-laueord_, from _wil_, good, pleasant, and _laueord_, a +lord. A kind lord; a beneficent master. Willauer, Williard, from the same. + +_Willdon._ _Wil-dón_, from _wil_, well, and _dón_, to do. To do well; +well-done. + +_Willeman._ _Wille_, a well; _man_, a man. A well-man; a well-borer. +Williman, Willman, of like import. + +_Willemin._ _Willan_, to will; _mine_, the mind. A willing mind. +Willimen, a kindred term. + +_Willems._ _Willem_, Wilhelm; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wilhelm. + +_Willer._ _Willan_, to will, to wish; _ere_, an agent. One who wills, or +wishes; a willer; a wisher. Willar, another form of the name. + +_Willers._ _Willer_, Willer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willer. + +_Willes._ _Wille_, Will; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Will. + +_Willess._ _Will_, a will; _leas_, free from. Free from will. + +_Willet._ _Wil_, a well, a fountain; _lyt_, little. A small fountain. Or, +from _will_, mind, and _lyt_, little. A little mind. Willett, of like +derivation. + +_Willets._ _Willet_, Willet; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willet. Willetts, +Willitts, from the same roots. + +_Willey._ _Will-íce_, contraction of _willendlíce_, from _willende_, +willing, and _líce_, like. Willing-like; willingly. Willi, Willie, +perhaps, corruptions of the name. + +_William._ Old History German for Wilhelm. See Wilhelm. + +_Williams._ _William_, William; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of William. + +_Williamson._ _William_, William; _sun_, son. Son of William. + +_Willig._ _Will_, will; _ig_, an adjective termination. Willing; +desirous; prone. Willey, Willi, and Willie, may be derived from the same +roots. See Willey. + +_Willimeit._ _Willa_, will; _miht_, might, power. Will-power. + +_Willing._ _Will_, will; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Will. + +_Willinger._ _Willing_, willing; _ere_, an agent. A servant of Willing. + +_Willingmyre._ _Willing_, from _willende_, willing; _myre_, a mare. A +willing mare; a ready mare. Willingmeyer, from the same roots. + +_Willings._ _Willing_, Willing; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willing. + +_Willis._ _Willíce_, willingly. + +_Willman._ _Will_, a will; _man_, a man. A will-man; a man of will; a +resolute man. Willeman, Williman, may be traced to the same roots. See +Willeman. + +_Willmanns._ _Willmann_, Willman; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willman. + +_Willmarth._ _Will_, mind; _mǽrdh_, wonders. Mind-wonders. Wilmarth, a +kindred name. + +_Willmunder._ _Will_, mind; _mundian_, to protect; _ere_, an agent. A +mind-protector; an instructor; a teacher; a physician. + +_Willoughby._ _Wilige_, what is made of willow, a basket; _bý_, a +habitation. A house where baskets are made; a basket-factory. + +_Willow._ _Wilig_, or _wileg_, a willow. + +_Wills._ _Will_, Will; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Will. + +_Willsey._ _Willes_, Will’s; _ig_, an island. Will’s island. Wilsey, from +the same roots. + +_Willson._ _Will_, Will; _sun_, son. Son of Will. Wilson, from the same +roots. + +_Wilmer._ _Wil_, well; _mǽre_, famed. Well-famed; distinguished; +illustrious. + +_Wilmerton._ _Wilmer_, Wilmer; _tún_, house. Home of Wilmer. + +_Wilmoore._ _Wil_, pleasant; _mór_, a moor. A pleasant moor. Wilmore, +from the same roots. + +_Wilmot._ _Wil_, pleasant; _mót_, an assembly. An agreeable assembly. +Wilmott, a kindred term. + +_Wilsher._ _Wilsc_, Welsh; _ere_, an agent. A Welshman. + +_Wilsky._ _Wilsc-ig_, from _Wilsc_, Welsh, and _ig_, an adjective +termination. Welsh. + +_Willsleger._ _Willes_, genitive of _will_, mind, affection; _leger_, +disease, couch. Disease of the mind; couch of affection. + +_Wilsman._ _Willes_, genitive of _will_, mind; _man_, a man. A man of +mind. + +_Wilstach._ _Wil_, a well; _stác_, a pole. A well-pole. + +_Wilt._ _Wilt_, from _willan_, to will, to wish. Wilt; willest; wishest. + +_Wiltbank._ _Wilt_, willest; _banc_, a bank. A bank thou willest, or +wishest; a wished-for bank. + +_Wilten._ _Wiltún_, contraction of _Willy-tún_, from _Willy_, the name +of a river, and _tún_, town. Town on the river Willy. Willy is, perhaps, +from _wilie_, a basket, or _wilig_, a willow. + +_Wiltshire._ _Wiltún-scíre_, from _Wil_, Willy, and _tún_, town; _scíre_, +a shire, a district. Wiltonshire; Wilton-district. + +_Winch._ _Wince_, a winch, a reel to wind thread upon. Winsch, from the +same root. + +_Winchell._ _Wincel_, a corner. Winsel, doubtless of like import. + +_Winchester._ _Win-ceaster_, from _wín_, wine; _ceaster_, a castle. A +wine-castle. + +_Wind._ _Windan_, to wind, to bend, to twist, to twine. + +_Winder._ _Winde_, what winds round, a winder, a reel. Or, from _windan_, +to wind, and _ere_, an agent. One who winds; a winder. + +_Windisch._ _Windan_, to wind; _isc_, an adjective termination denoting +external quality of a thing. Winding; flexuous. + +_Windle._ _Wíudel_, dative _wíndle_, anything twined, a basket. + +_Windpipe._ _Wind_, wind; _píp_, a pipe, a flute. A wind-pipe. + +_Windrim._ _Wyn-drím_, or _wyn-dreám_, from _wyn_, joy, and _drím_, or +_dreám_, joy, rejoicing. Great joy, exultation. + +_Windsor._ _Wind_, wind; _sór_, sorrow, grief. Wind-sorrow. Windser, from +the same roots. + +_Wine._ _Wín_, wine. + +_Wineland._ _Wín_, wine; _land_, a region. Wine-region. + +_Winelander._ _Wín_, wine; _land_, a region; _ere_, an agent. A resident +of a wine region. + +_Winfield._ _Wín_, wine; _feld_, a field. A wine-field; a vineyard. + +_Winfree._ _Wín_, wine; _freó_, free. Wine free; abstaining from wine. + +_Wing._ _Winge_, a wing. + +_Wingart._ _Wín-geard_, from _wín_, wine, and _geard_, a garden. A +wine-garden; a vineyard. Wingert, a kindred name. + +_Wingate._ _Wín_, wine; _geát_, a gate, a door, an opening. A wine-gate; +an opening to a wine-cellar. + +_Winig._ _Wín_, wine; _ig_, an adjective termination. Wine-like; vinous. + +_Wink._ _Wincian_, to bend one’s self, to nod, to wink. + +_Winkel._ _Wincle_, a wilk, cockle, shell-fish. + +_Winkelmann._ _Wincle_, a wilk, a cockle; _mann_, a man. A wilk-man; a +cockler. + +_Winkler._ _Wincle_, a wilk, a cockle; _ere_, an agent. A wilk-man; a +cockler. + +_Winkley._ _Wincle_, a cockle; _líc_, like. Resembling a cockle. + +_Winline._ _Winn_, acquisition, possession, winning; Latin _linea_, a +line. Acquisition-line; border-line; winning-line. + +_Winn._ _Winn_, contention, strife, war, trouble, acquisition, +possession, winning. Winne, from the same radix. + +_Winnel._ _Winn_, a contest; _el_, implying a person. A contestant; a +rival; a fighter. + +_Winnemoore._ _Winn-an_, to win, to conquer, to subdue; _mór_, a moor. A +conquered moor. + +_Winner._ _Winna_, a rival, an enemy, a fighter. Or, from _winn_, +contest, war, and _ere_, an agent. A contestant; a warrior. + +_Winners._ _Winner_, Winner; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Winner. + +_Winnett._ _Win_, pleasure; _nett_, a net. A pleasure net. + +_Winnig._ _Winn_, contention, war, labor; _ig_, an adjective ending. +Contentious; warlike; laborious. Winnie, a slightly modified form of the +name. + +_Winning._ _Winn_, Winn; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Winn. + +_Winpenny._ _Winn_, labor, winning; _pening_, a penny. Labor-penny; +win-penny; winning penny. + +_Winrick._ _Win_, winning; _ríce_, power, kingdom. Winning power. + +_Winring._ _Win_, winning; _hring_, a ring. Winning ring. Or, from _win_, +pleasure, and _hring_, a ring. A pleasure-ring; a wedding-ring. + +_Winship._ _Wine-scipe_, from _wine_, a friend, and _scipe_, a +termination denoting form, condition, state, office, dignity. A society +of friends; a fraternity. + +_Winslow._ _Win_, contest; _sláw_, slow, idle, lazy. A slow contest. Or, +from _win_, pleasure, and _sláw_, idle. An idle pleasure. + +_Winsmore._ _Wines_, genitive of _win_, contention; _mór_, a moor. A +contending moor. + +_Winstanley._ _Wine_, a friend; Stanley, Stanley. Stanley’s friend. See +Stanley. + +_Winston._ _Wínes-tún_, from _wínes_, genitive of _wín_, wine, and _tún_, +a house. A house of wine; a wine-house; a tavern. + +_Wint._ _Wint_, from _wintan_, to wind. Winds. + +_Winter._ _Winter_, winter, a year. The Anglo-Saxon, and other northern +nations, reckoned by winters instead of years. + +_Winterbottom._ _Winter_, winter; _botm_, bottom. Winter’s close. + +_Winterbourn._ _Winter_, winter; _burne_, a brook. A winter brook. + +_Winterer._ _Winter_, winter; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, +winters in a certain place. + +_Winterfield._ _Winter_, winter; _feld_, a field, a plain. A wintry field. + +_Winterhall._ _Winter_, winter; _heal_, a palace. Winter-palace. + +_Winterhalter._ _Winter_, winter; _healtian_, to halt; _ere_, an agent. +One who, or that which, halts for the winter; a winter sojourner. + +_Winterholer._ _Winter_, winter; _hole_, a hole; _ere_, an agent. One +who, or that which, seeks winter-quarters in holes. + +_Winternight._ _Winter_, winter; _niht_, night. A winter night. + +_Winters._ _Winter_, Winter; _s_ for _sun_. Son of Winter. + +_Wintersteen._ _Winter_, winter; _stǽn_, or _stén_, stone. A winter +stone. + +_Winther._ _Windh_, from _winnan_, to labor; _ere_, an agent. A laborer. + +_Winton._ _Wín-tún_, from _wín_, wine, and _tún_, a house. A wine-house; +a tavern. + +_Wire._ _Wír_, wire. + +_Wireback._ _Wír_, wire; _bæc_, a back. A wire-back. Wirebach, from the +same roots. + +_Wireman._ _Wír_, wire; _man_, a man. A worker in wire. + +_Wirgman._ _Wirg_, wicked, cursed; _man_, a man. A wicked man. + +_Wirsing._ _Wirs_, worse; _ing_, expressing action. Making worse. + +_Wirth._ _Wirdh_, from _weordhan_, to be made. Is made. + +_Wischan._ _Wiscan_, to wish, to adopt. + +_Wischman._ _Wiscan_, to wish; _man_, a man. A man that wishes; a wisher. +Wischmann, Wishman, from the same roots. + +_Wisdom._ _Wís-dóm_, from _wísa_, a sage, and _dóm_, opinion. Opinion of +a sage; wisdom. + +_Wise._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; a wise man, a hero, a prince. + +_Wisely._ _Wís-líce_, from _wís_, wise, prudent, and _líce_, like. +Wise-like; wisely; prudently. + +_Wiseman._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _man_, a man. A wise man; a prudent man. +Wisman, from the same roots. + +_Wiser._ _Wísa_, a sage, a philosopher, a wise man, a leader, guide, +director. Or, from _wís_, wise, and _ere_, an agent. One who, or that +which, is wise or prudent. + +_Wisham._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _hám_, home. A wise home. + +_Wishart._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _heort_, a termination denoting hearty, +hearted, brave. Wise-hearted. + +_Wisher._ _Wisc-ere_, from _wiscan_, to wish; _ere_, an agent. A wisher. + +_Wisenger._ _Wísung_, making wise, instruction, command, a governing, +regulator; _ere_, an agent. Wisdom-maker; instructor; commander; +governor; regulator. + +_Wisler._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _lár_, doctrine. Wise doctrine. Wissler, +a kindred term. + +_Wismer._ _Wís_, wise; _mǽre_, famed. Wise-famed; famous for wisdom. + +_Wisner._ _Wís_, wise; _nere_, a refuge. A wise refuge. + +_Wisse._ _Wisse_, for _wiste_, past of _witan_, to know, to be conscious. +Knew; was conscious. + +_Wissman._ _Wisse_, knew, was conscious; _man_, a man. A man that knew; a +wise man. + +_Wist._ _Wiste_, past of _witan_, to know. Knew; was conscious. + +_Wister._ _Wiste_, knew; _ere_, an agent. One that knew. Wistar, from the +same root. + +_Wiswell._ _Wís_, wise; _well_, much. Exceedingly wise. + +_Witchel._ _Wicce_, a witch, an enchantress; _el_, a termination denoting +a person. A witch; an enchantress. + +_Witcher._ _Wicce_, a witch, an enchantress. Witscher, of kindred +derivation. + +_Witcraft._ _Wit_, mind, wit, understanding; _cræft_, continuance. +Mind-continuance; invention. + +_Witham._ _Wit_, mind, wit; _hám_, house. Home of wit; the brain. + +_Witheat._ _Wit_, mind; _hát_, heat, fervor. Mind-fervor. + +_Witman._ _Wit_, wit; _man_, a man. A witman; a man of wit. Wittman, of +kindred significance. + +_Witmer._ _Wit_, wit; _mǽre_, famed. Wit-famed. Wittmer, a cognate term. + +_Witsil._ _Wit_, wit; _sel_, best. Best wit. + +_Witt._ _Witt_, wit, mind, understanding. Witte, from the same radix. + +_Wittig._ _Witt-ig_, from _witt_, wit, and _ig_, an adjective +termination. Witty; wise. + +_Wittingham._ _Witting_, Wittig; _hám_, house. Home of Wittig. + +_Wittkamp._ _Witt_, wit; _camp_, a contest. A wit-contest. + +_Wittkorn._ _Witt_, wit; _corn_, a grain. A wit-grain; a grain of wit. + +_Wittland._ _Witt_, wit; _land_, a land. A land of wit. + +_Wittrook._ _Witt_, wit; _róc_, a rook. A witty rook. + +_Witts._ _Witt_, Witt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Witt. + +_Wittwer._ _Witt_, wit; _wer_, a man. A witty man. Witwer, from the same +roots. + +_Woddrop._ _Wod_, a wood; _drop_, a drop, a spot. A wood-spot. + +_Wogan._ _Wógan_, to woo, to marry. + +_Wolbert._ _Wól_, mischief; _beorht_, glistening. Glistening with +mischief. + +_Wolbold._ _Wól_, mischief; _báld_, audacious. Audacious mischief. + +_Wolcott._ _Wól_, disease; _cóte_, a couch, a bed. A diseased couch. + +_Wolf._ _Wulf_, a wolf. Wolfe, Wolff, Woolf, Wulf, Wulff, from the same +root. + +_Wolfel._ _Wulf_, wolf; _el_, a termination denoting a person. A wolfish +person; a ravenous person. + +_Wonder._ _Wunder_, a wonder, a miracle. + +_Wonderly._ _Wunder-líc_, from _wunder_, wonder, and _líc_, like. +Wonder-like; wonderful; wondrous. + +_Wondle._ _Wúnd-el_, a wound. + +_Wonhart._ _Won_, lacking; _heort_, heart. Lacking heart; faint-hearted. + +_Wood._ _Wude_, wood. + +_Woodall._ _Wude_, wood; _eall_, all. Well-wooded. + +_Woodbridge._ _Wude_, wood; _bricg_, a bridge. A wooden bridge. + +_Woodburn._ _Wude_, wood; _burne_, a stream. A wooded stream. + +_Woodbury._ _Wude_, wood; _bury_, from _byrig_, a city, a town. A wooded +town. + +_Woodcock._ _Wude_, wood; _coc_, or _cocc_, a cock, a male fowl, or bird. +A woodcock; a bird that affects wooded places. + +_Woodelton._ _Wudelíc-tún_, from _wudelíc_, woody, wild; _tún_, a farm. A +woody, or wild farm. + +_Wooder._ _Wudere_, a wooden shoe. + +_Woodfall._ _Wude_, a wood; _fealle_, a trap. A wood-trap. + +_Woodhead._ _Wude_, a wood; _heáfd_, head. A wood-head; a wooden head. + +_Woodhouse._ _Wude_, wood; _hús_, a house. A wood-house. + +_Woodhull._ _Wude_, wood; _hul_, a hill. A wooded hill. + +_Woodington._ _Wudiende_, present participle of _wudian_, to cut wood; +_tún_, a farm. A wood-cutting farm. + +_Woodland._ _Wudu-land_, from _wudu_, or _wude_, wood, and _land_, land, +region. A woodland; a wooded region. + +_Woodlands._ _Woodland_, Woodland; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Woodland. + +_Woodley._ _Wudu-líc_, from _wudu_, wood, and _líc_, like. Wood-like; +woody; wild. + +_Woodman._ _Wudu-mann_, from _wudu_, wood, and _mann_, a man. A woodman; +a wood-ward. + +_Woodmansee._ _Wudu-mann-seo_, from _wudu-mann_, a woodman, and _seo_, +the sight of the eye. A woodman’s vision. + +_Woodnutt._ _Wude_, wood; _hnut_, a nut. A wood-nut. + +_Woodring._ _Wude_, wood; _hring_, a girdle. A wood-belt; a belt of woods. + +_Woodrow._ _Wude_, wood; _ræwa_, a row. A wood-row; a line of woods. + +_Woodruff._ _Wude_, wood; _róf_, a roof. Woodroof, Woodroff, Woodroffe, +from the same roots. + +_Woods._ _Wood_, Wood; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wood. + +_Woodside._ _Wude_, wood; _síde_, side. Side of a wood. + +_Woodsides._ _Woodside_, Woodside; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Woodside. + +_Woodson._ _Wood_, Wood; _sun_, son. Son of Wood. Or, from _wude_, wood, +and _sun_, son. Son of the woods. + +_Woodstocker._ _Woodstock_, from _wude_, wood, and _stóc_, a place; +_ere_, an agent. A resident of Woodstock—a woody place. + +_Woodward._ _Wudu-weard_, from _wudu_, wood, and _weard_, a ward, a +guardian. A wood-ward; a woodman. + +_Woodworth._ _Wude_, wood; _weordh_, value. Wood-value. + +_Woody._ _Wudu-líc_, from _wudu_, wood, and _líc_, like. Wood-like; +woody; wild. Or, from _wud_, wood, and _íg_, an adjective termination. +Woody; wild. + +_Wooldridge._ _Wold_, a wood; _hrycg_, a ridge. A wooden ridge. + +_Woolery._ _Wúlle_, wool; _ríce_, a region. A wool-growing region. +Woolrey, from the same roots. + +_Woolford._ _Wúll_, wool; _ford_, a ford. A wool-ford; a place where the +wool-bearers crossed the stream. + +_Wooliscroft._ _Wúlles_, genitive of _wúll_, wool, sheep; _croft_, a +croft, a field. A wool-field; a sheep-pasture. + +_Woollard._ _Wúll_, wool; _hlaford_, a lord. A wool-lord; a wool-master. + +_Woollerton._ _Wúll_, wool; _ere_, an agent; _tún_, house. Home of a +wool-grower. + +_Woolley._ _Wúll-íc_ from _wúll_, wool, and _íc_ for _líc_, like. +Wool-like; woolly; hairy. + +_Woolman._ _Wúll_, wool; _man_, a man. A woolman; a dealer in wool. + +_Woolsey._ _Wúlles_, genitive of _wúll_, wool, sheep; _íg_, an island. +Isle of wool, or sheep. + +_Woolson._ _Wúll_, wool; _sun_, son. Son of wool; offspring of a sheep. + +_Woolston._ _Wúlles_, genitive of _wúll_, wool; _tún_, town. A wool-town. + +_Woolworth._ _Wúll_, wool; _weordh_, value. Wool-value. + +_Wopson._ _Wóp_, a whoop, weeping, cry, bewailing, lamentation; _sun_, +son. A weeping son. + +_Worden._ _Worden_, or _weordhan_, to become, to be, to happen, to come +to pass. + +_Work._ _Weorc_, work, labor, fatigue, suffering, pain. + +_Workman._ _Weorc_, work, labor; _man_, a man. A workman; a laborer. + +_Worknot._ _Weorc_, work; _not_, for _nota_, office. A work-office. + +_Wormley._ _Worm_, a worm; _líc_, like. Worm-like; spiral. + +_Wormsley._ _Wormes_, genitive of _worm_, a worm; _líc_, form. Form of a +worm; worm-like; spiral. Or, from _worms_, corruption, and _líc_, like. +Corruption-like. + +_Worn._ _Worn_, a number, multitude, body, company, band, troop, crowd, +herd, power, force. Worne, from the same radix. + +_Worrall._ _Worold_, the world. Worrell, Worl, from the same derivation. + +_Worsley._ _Wyers_, worse; _líc_, like. Worse-like. + +_Worst._ _Wærst_, or _wyrst_, worst. + +_Worth._ _Weordh_, worth, value, price, honor, dignity. + +_Worthington._ _Weordh-ung_, honoring, worshipping; _tún_, a house. A +worshipping-house. + +_Worthline._ _Weordh_, wealthy, honorable; _line_, a line. An honorable +line. + +_Wosser._ _Wosa_, a leader. + +_Wotherspoon._ _Wodh-spónere_, from _wodh_, eloquence, song, and +_spónere_, an enticer. Song-enticer. + +_Wrangham._ _Wrang_, wrong; _hám_, house. Wrong home. + +_Wrede._ _Wrǽde_, a latch, buckle, clasp, restraint, control, fastness, +haft, handle. + +_Wren._ _Wrenna_, a wren, a small bird. + +_Wrench._ _Wringe_, an instrument to wring or strain, a press. + +_Wrensley._ _Wrǽnnes_, extravagance, luxury, lust, lechery; _líc_, like. +Extravagantly; luxuriously. + +_Wright._ _Wryhta_, a wright. + +_Wrightley._ _Wryhta_, a wright; _líc_, like. Resembling a wright. + +_Wrightson._ _Wright_, Wright; _sun_, son. Son of Wright. + +_Wrigley._ _Wríge_, covered, hidden; _líc_, like. Covered-like; +hidden-like. + +_Writt._ _Writ_, a writ, scripture, writing, letter. + +_Wroth._ _Wrádh_, wrath, anger. + +_Wulton._ _Wúll_, wool; _tún_, town. A wool town. + +_Wunder._ _Wundr_, or _wundor_, wonder. + +_Wunderly._ _Wundr_, wonder; _líc_, like. Wonder-like. Wunderle, from the +same roots. + +_Wunning._ _Wun-ung_, from _wun-ian_, to won, to dwell, to inhabit. A +woning; a dwelling; a habitation. + +_Wurst._ _Wurst_, worst. Wust, a kindred term. + +_Wurster._ _Wurst_, worst; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is +the worst. Wuster, perhaps, from the same radix. + +_Wurtele._ _Wurt_, a wort, an herb; _el_, implying a person. An herb +collector; an herbalist. + +_Wurts._ _Wurtes_, genitive of _wurt_, a wort, an herb. Belonging to an +herb. Wurtz, another spelling of the name. + +_Wyche._ _Wyc_, a habitation, city, castle, fortress. + +_Wyckoff._ _Wyc_, a dwelling-place, habitation, city, castle, fortress; +_cofa_, a room, a chamber. A castle-chamber. + +_Wylie._ _Wyllíc_, from _wyl_, a well, a fountain, and _líc_, like. Like +a well; as a fountain. + +_Wyman._ _Wí_, an idol; _man_, a man. An idolater. Wymann, of like +derivation. + +_Wynkoop._ _Wyn_, joy, pleasure, light; _copp_, or _cuppa_, a cup. A +pleasure-cup. + +_Wynn._ _Wyn_, joy, pleasure, delight. + +_Wynne._ _Wyne_, one that gives pleasure, a friend. + +_Wyss._ _Wíss_, a wise man, a hero, a prince. + + +Y. + +_Yard._ _Ierd_, a yard. + +_Yardley._ _Ierd_, a yard; _líc_, like. Yard-like. + +_Yarnall._ _Gearn_, yarn, spun wool; _eall_, all, whole. All yarn; +entirely woollen. + +_Yateman._ _Iát_, or _geát_, a gate; _man_, a man. A gate-keeper. +Yeatman, Yetman, from the same roots. + +_Yates._ _Iátes_, or _geátes_, genitive of _iát_, a gate. Belonging to a +gate. Yeats, of like derivation. + +_Yeager._ _Ia_, yea, yes; _gare_, ready. A ready yes; a ready reply. + +_Yeagle._ _Iagul_, pronounced _yeagul_, a gargle. + +_Yeakle._ _Iac_, a cuckoo; _el_, indicative of personality. A person like +a cuckoo; a simpleton. + +_Yeakley._ _Iac_, a cuckoo; _líc_, like. Cuckoo-like; wild; careless; +lascivious. Yeckley, of similar meaning. + +_Yeamans._ _Ie_, a river; _man_, a man; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a +river-man. + +_Yeansson._ _Geean_, yearning; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of yearning. + +_Yearick._ _Gear_, a year; _icg_, or _ig_, an adjective termination. +Yearly. Yearicke, Yerrick, from the same roots. + +_Yearly._ _Gear-líc_, from _gear_, a year, and _líc_, like. Year-like; +yearly. + +_Yearred._ _Geard_, or _yrd_, a hedge, enclosure, garden, yard, earth, +world. + +_Yearsley._ _Geares_, genitive of _gear_, a year; _líc_, form. Form of a +year; yearly. + +_Yeasler._ _Ysele_, a fire-spark, spark, ember, hot ashes; _ere_, an +agent. A fire-maker; a fireman; a stoker. + +_Yeather._ _Ýdh_, what rises up, a wave, a flood; _ere_, an agent. That +which rises up; a wave; a flood. + +_Yeaton._ _Geat_, a gate; _tún_, a house. A gate-house. + +_Yeatts._ _Geátes_, genitive of _geát_, a gate. Belonging to a gate. See +Yates. + +_Yegen._ _Yg-búend_, from _yg_, or _ig_, an island, and _búend_, an +inhabitant. An inhabitant of an island; an islander. + +_Yeingest._ _Iungest_, or _geongest_, comparative of _iung_, or _geong_, +young. Youngest. + +_Yeiter._ _Ýtte_, past of _ýtan_, to out, to drive out, to expel, to +banish; _ere_, an agent. One expelled; an exile. + +_Yellard._ _Yl_, or _il_, a hedgehog, a porcupine; _land_, land. Land of +the hedgehog, or porcupine. + +_Yenner._ _Ynner_, inner. + +_Yenz._ _Yntsa_, an ounce. + +_Yeo._ _Ieo_, or _geo_, formerly, of old. + +_Yeomans._ _Yeoman_, from _ieo_, or _geo_, of old; _man_, a man, and _s_ +for _sun_, son. Son of a man of old; son of a yeoman; son of a tiller of +the soil. + +_Yeomanson._ _Yeoman_, a yeoman; _sun_, son. Son of a yeoman. + +_Yepson._ _Yppe_, plain, open, manifest; _sun_, son. A plain, open, +straightforward son. + +_Yerg._ _Earg_, or _eorg_, inert, weak, timid, wretched. + +_Yerger._ _Earg_, timid; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is +timid. + +_Yerges._ _Yerg_, Yerg; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Yerg. Yerkes, perhaps, +corruption of the same. + +_Yergey._ _Earg_, inert, timid; _ig_, an adjective termination. Timid; +inert. + +_Yerpe._ _Eorp_, a wolf. + +_Yettinger._ _Yting_, a way, a journey; _ere_, an agent. A wayfarer; +a journeyer. Perhaps, from _get-ung_, getting, and _ere_, an agent. A +getter. + +_Yetter._ _Get_, imperfect of _getan_, to get; _ere_, an agent. A getter. + +_Yewdall._ _Iw_, the yew tree; _dál_, a valley. The valley of the yew. + +_Yheaulon._ _Hyew_, hue; _lon_, for _lond_, land. Land of hue. + +_Yhost._ _Gást_, breath, spirit, ghost. Yoast, Yost, like it, a +corruption of the original. + +_Yingling._ _Ging_, young, tender; _ling_, a termination denoting state +or condition of a person. Youth; tenderness. + +_Yoce._ _Ioc_, or _geoc_, a yoke. + +_Yochum._ _Ioc_, a yoke; _hum_, for _hám_, a house. A yoke-house. Yocam, +Yocum, Yokam, from the same roots. + +_Yockel._ _Ioc_, a yoke; _el_, a termination denoting a person. One who +has charge of a yoke of oxen; a farmer; a bumpkin. + +_Yoder._ _Gǽd_, a goad; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a goad. + +_Yonker._ _Iunga_, or _geonga_, a youth. A young fellow; a youngster. Or, +from _iuncer_, a younker, a young nobleman, one that is young, a young +fellow. Younker, of like kinship. + +_Young._ _Iung_, or _geong_, young, tender. Younk, from the same root. + +_Youngblood._ _Iung_, young; _blódh_, or _blód_, blood. Young blood. + +_Younger._ _Geongra_, comparative of _geong_, young, tender. Younger; +more tender. + +_Younginger._ _Young_, Young; _ing_, an offspring; _ere_, an agent. A +descendant of Young. + +_Youngling._ _Geong-ling_, a youngling, a boy. + +_Youngman._ _Geong_, young; _man_, a man. A young man; a youth. + +_Younk._ Corruption of Young. See Young. + +_Yuker._ _Iuc_, a yoke; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is +yoked; a companion; a yoke-mate. + + + + +FROM THE ANGLO-NORMAN. + + + + +HISTORY—NORMAN CONQUEST. + + +The Normans, or Northmen, were primarily of the Norse, or Scandinavian, +branch of the Teutonic race. They were active, enterprising +men—merchants, navigators, soldiers. Restless under the restraints of a +power that was slowly and surely consolidating the Scandinavian kingdoms, +they broke away from its influence, and boldly ventured forth, conquered +the Shetland Islands, the Orkneys, and the Hebrides, founded the kingdom +of Caithness in Scotland, settled Iceland, discovered Greenland, and +colonized Vinland, which is supposed to be on the coast of New England. + +In 911, Rolf, or Rollo, the Ganger, with his daring band of vikings, +obtained a footing in the fertile valley of the Seine. The province, +which was afterwards called Normandy, was received by him as a fief from +Charles the Simple. Friendly relations were soon established, and Rollo +became the king’s vassal with the title of duke, and subsequently married +his daughter. The Normans were brought under French law and customs, +became Christians, adopted the French language, married into French +families, and caught the French spirit. + +Edward the Confessor dying without issue in 1066, Harold, his +brother-in-law, succeeded to the throne. But William, seventh Duke of +Normandy, whose aunt, Emma, had been married to Ethelred II of England, +claimed it by hereditary right and by the promise of both Edward and +Harold. + +Determined to establish his claim, he set sail with thirty thousand +followers for the coast of England. On October 14, 1066, he met and +defeated Harold, near Hastings, and was soon afterwards crowned king at +Westminster. This was the only conquest—and British soil has throbbed to +the clatter and tramplings of four—that reached down to the people of +the island and thoroughly leavened them. The admixture of a new blood +and a new spirit with theirs proved the greatest good that ever befell +them. It can be considered as nothing short of a regeneration, for it +made the English nation of to-day, the English language, and the English +literature. + +The modern Englishman owes to his Teutonic ancestry his love of justice +and fair play, his religious nature, his physical robustness and +intellectual vigor, his love of liberty, and to his French lineage—and +we must not lose sight of the fact that, though originally Teutonic, +the Normans had been metamorphosed by their life in France—his manner, +his tact, his administrative genius, his poetic skill, and his artistic +nature. In him are most happily blended the two races, forming a +composite better than either component, greater even than both elements +while in separation. The changes which Anglo-Saxon thus underwent are +vital, fundamental, and, we may say, revolutionary. + +Expressive of the change thus effected, a new name is needed. Before +1066, writers refrained from calling the dominant people of the island, +or their language, by any other term than Anglo-Saxon. But after the +union of the people and of the languages, no name expresses the new +condition of things so well as English. As thus applied, English denotes +always the race resulting from the marriage of the two peoples, or the +speech resulting from the union of the two tongues. + + + + +ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE. + + +The Anglo-Saxons and the Normans lived side by side. It must not be +supposed, however, that either the two peoples or the two languages were +welded instantaneously. They grew together, and the growth was slow. +There were special reasons why such should be the case. The conqueror +was of alien blood. National animosity existed between him and the +conquered. In the north, more especially than in the south, William’s +conquest was ruthless. Harvests were destroyed, cattle killed or carried +off, implements of husbandry sacrificed, towns and villages burned, +and the inhabitants slain or driven across the border. The entire soil +was confiscated, and the land, upon condition of military service, +parcelled out among a score or more of great vassals, among hundreds +of inferior crown vassals, and among the higher clergy. The meanest +Norman was raised to opulence and influence in the new dominion. By the +establishment of this modified feudal system, the masses were reduced to +a species of serfdom. They became mere tillers of the soil. Shoals of +Norman ecclesiastics came across the Channel, and the people were forced +to accept religious instruction and consolation from the strangers. +Everywhere, in the palace and among the nobility, in the law courts and +the schools, as authority dictated, another language than their own +prevailed. A keen sense of the scorn with which their lack of culture and +their “barbarous tongue” were regarded, added to a painful consciousness +of their social and political degradation, only served the more to +heighten their aversion to the strangers, and to make the problem of +coalescence slow and difficult. + +But the influences at work were not wholly those of repulsion. Living +together as they did, they had to meet each other in the field and in +the town. They were forced to buy from each other and to sell to each +other. Time could not but lessen the arrogance of the one, and modify +the moroseness of the other. Definite rights were gradually acquired by +the subject race. His services became limited, and could be commuted +for money considerations. The ownership of his hut and of the plat of +ground surrounding it, and the privilege of using the waste land of the +manor for the pasturage of his cattle, which were mere indulgences at +first, grew into rights that could be pleaded at law. The serf became a +power. He was struggling to grow to a copyholder, and the copyholder, +to a freeholder. Such things had their effects. The military strength +of the nobles waned, the courts of the feudal baronage were shorn of +their influence, and the feudal system was fast sinking into decay. +In education, as well as in material things, the Anglo-Saxons were +improving. Intermarriages were common, and strong social and national +feelings were springing up, before which their mutual antagonism was +giving away. + +The vast possessions, partly hereditary and partly acquired by marriage, +held by the English kings in France, served but to aid this feeling. To +hold these against the French kings required not only a united people, +but a people unified by the strong sentiment of nationality. And to make +progress against the encroachments of their own kings the nobility were +forced to make common cause with the people. To what extent the interests +of barons and commons were identified may be seen from the provisions of +the Great Charter extorted from King John in 1215. + +For a long time after the Conquest there existed in England the singular +spectacle of two languages declining to coalesce and yet spoken by two +peoples living together. Neither language would give way to the other. +How little these two languages had blended in the vocabulary of authors, +may be seen when it is said that Layamon’s _Brut_, a poem of thirty-two +thousand lines, written in 1205, does not contain a hundred and fifty +French words; and that in the _Ormulum_, a poem of twenty thousand lines, +which appeared in the year of Magna Charta, hardly fifty French words +are found. But the difficulties in the way of coalescence were slowly +diminishing. Such as were political have already been spoken of, but +those more properly linguistic will now be considered. + +This period was, to the subject race, one of general depression. Very +little literature, and that of an indifferent quality, was produced. +Their language was no longer spoken, and their standards in it forgotten. +Anglo-Saxon had been banished from the schools, was no longer used at +the palace and castles of the nobles, or in the courts. Few were writing +it. It seems to have been left in the care, if care it can be called, of +those ignorant of its literature and grammar, and familiar only with the +vocabulary employed in colloquial speech. The effect of all this upon the +language can be easily inferred. A large fraction of the vocabulary, the +more dignified and scholarly portion, fell into neglect and then into +oblivion. The grammatical inflections, denoting case, person, number, +tense, of the words kept in circulation, almost entirely perished. These +inflections would only be retained by those who knew their importance, +but they sloughed off as the words fell from the tongues of those who +were ignorant of them. When, then, this Anglo-Saxon speech had forced +itself upon the Normans, as it had fairly done by the latter half of the +fourteenth century, it was far easier to master than would have been +the case immediately after 1066. Nearly one-half of the words in the +vocabulary before the Conquest, it is estimated, dropped out of it in the +three hundred years immediately following, and it is certain that the +grammar had been vastly simplified. With one-half of its words lost, and +the remaining half nearly flectionless, the work of learning the language +was made comparatively easy for the Norman. + +This forcing of the tongue of a conquered people upon its conquerors was +a signal achievement and of far-reaching consequences. Upon the authority +of John of Trevisa, we are told that, after the great pestilence of +1349, the instruction of youth was revolutionized. John Cornwall changed +the instruction in the grammar-school from French into English, and was +followed by Richard Pencrich and others, so that in 1335 in all the +grammar-schools of England the children were being taught English rather +than French. In 1362 French was exchanged for English in the courts of +law, Parliament having passed an act that year ordering that in all the +courts “all pleas ... shall be pleaded, shewed, defended, answered, +debated, and judged in the English tongue.” Great writers had now +arisen—Wyclif, 1324-1384, in prose; Chaucer, 1340-1400, in poetry. They +wrote in English, and their influence upon the plastic language of their +day, and upon all subsequent writers, is simply incalculable. + +The adoption of the Anglo-Saxon by the Norman was greatly facilitated by +the fact that the French he was using was not the French of Paris, but +the degenerate tongue of Normandy, which was at best but provincial. But +during the centuries of its use in England it had been kept from free +contact with the dialect of Normandy, and so had deteriorated even from +the imperfect standard. Even the Norman himself had grown ashamed of it, +and was not unwilling to part with it. + +When it is said that by 1400, or even earlier, English was generally +used, it is meant a speech not in existence by itself till long after the +Norman Conquest, a speech neither Anglo-Saxon nor French, but Anglo-Saxon +and French. It was a speech to which both of these languages contributed, +to form which both of these were combined. The adoption of words was not +all done by the Norman. While he borrowed many from the Saxon, the Saxon +borrowed some from the Norman. English may, therefore, be considered +a compromise, a compound. It is one speech after the union, but not +univocal, not all of a piece, every speaker of which being bilingual. + +The tongue brought over by the Conqueror has been called Norman-French. +It is in reality Latin. Just before the Christian era Julius Cæsar +subdued the people then in possession of Gaul, what is now France, and +imposed upon them his language, which was that of Rome. This language, +used for a thousand years by a people to whom it was not the vernacular, +was acquired by the Normans, of still another alien stock, and by them +introduced into England. Spoken a whole millennium by people whose +mother-tongue it displaced, and from them learned by strangers, it is +not at all unreasonable to suppose that the words had lost much of their +original form and meaning. Proofs, in the words themselves, are not +wanting to sustain the assertion. Outwardly they were almost invariably +shortened. By a dropping of vowels or consonants, or of both, two or +three syllables had been squeezed into one, as some examples will +conclusively show. French _sûr_, our _sure_, came originally from the +Latin _securus_; French _règle_, our _rule_, from Latin _regula_; French +_île_, English _isle_, from _insula_. And not unfrequently the final and +unaccented syllable or syllables seem not to have been caught by the +subject Gaul, or, if caught by his ear, were not retained on his tongue. +The Latin _domina_, for instance, appears in French as the truncated +_dame_; _medius_ as _midi_; and _malum_, as _mal_. Though changed, yet it +must be patent to all that the French words are Latin, as their essential +identity with the words used by Horace and Virgil unmistakably show. + + + + +NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION. + + +A. + +_Avis._ _Avis_, advice, opinion. Avise, from the same radix. + +_Auter._ _Auter_, an altar. + +_Ayler._ _Ayel_, a grandfather; _ere_, an agent. An active grandfather. + +_Ayles._ _Ayeles_, genitive of _ayel_, a grandfather. Belonging to a +grandfather. + + +B. + +_Batchelor._ _Bachelor_, an unmarried man, a knight, one who has taken +his first degree in a college. + +_Bayard._ _Bayard_, a bay horse, a blood-horse; so called in Chaucer, and +in old romances. Byard, abbreviation of the term. + +_Beauford._ _Beau_, beautiful; _ford_, a ford. A beautiful ford. + +_Belfield._ _Bel_, beautiful; _feld_, a field. A beautiful field. + +_Belford._ _Bel_, beautiful, good; _ford_, a ford. A good ford. + +_Bellamy._ _Bel amy_, from _bel_, good, and _amy_, a friend. A good +friend. + +_Bellenere._ _Belle_, beautiful; _nere_, a refuge. A beautiful refuge. + +_Bokel._ _Bokel_, a buckle. + +_Borell._ _Borel_, coarse cloth of a brown color, made of plain, coarse +stuff. Borel folk, borel men, were laymen. + +_Bortel._ _Bordel_, a brothel. + +_Bos._ _Bos_, a protuberance. + +_Bosek._ _Bos_, a protuberance; _ig_, an adjective termination. Bossy. +Bose, Bosee, from the same roots. + +_Boser._ _Bos_, a protuberance; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, +has a protuberance. + +_Boshart._ _Bos_, a protuberance; _heort_, a hart. A humped hart. + +_Bossard._ _Bosard_, a buzzard, a species of hawk unfit for sporting. +Bossart, Bossert, identical in derivation and meaning. + +_Boswell._ Latin _bos_, an ox; _well_, a well, a fountain. An ox-well; a +well where oxen are watered. + +_Bosworth._ _Bos_, an ox; _weordh_, value, price. Ox-value. + +_Botler._ _Botel_, or _botelle_, a bottle; _ere_, an agent. A bottler. +Butler, from the same radix. + +_Bottle._ _Botel_, or _botelle_, a bottle. + +_Brear._ _Brere_, a briar, a bramble. + +_Brearey._ _Brere_, a bramble; _ig_, an adjective termination. Briery; +brambly; full of briars; rough. + +_Brearley._ _Brere_, a bramble; _líc_, like. Bramble-like; briery. + +_Brinton._ _Brin_, a sprig, a slip; _tún_, a house, an enclosure. A +hot-bed; a green-house; a nursery. + +_Buffett._ _Buffette_, a blow. + +_Burdon._ _Burdoun_, a humming noise, the base in music. + + +C. + +_Cappell._ _Capel_, a horse. + +_Caron._ _Caroigne_, carrion, dead, or putrefied flesh. + +_Carrick._ _Carrik_, a large ship. + +_Case._ _Cas_, chance, condition, circumstance. + +_Casler._ _Cas_, chance; _lár_, doctrine. Doctrine of chance. + +_Casely._ _Cas_, chance; _líc_, like. Chance-like; accidental. Casley, +from the same root. + +_Casey._ _Cas_, chance, condition; _ig_, an adjective termination. +Accidental; conditional. + +_Cattell._ _Catel_, goods, chattel. + +_Cellerier._ _Celerer_, the officer in a monastery who had the care of +the provisions. + +_Chambers._ _Chamberes_, genitive of _chamber_, a chamber, a room, an +apartment. Belonging to a chamber. + +_Chambley._ _Chamb_, for _chamber_, a chamber; _ley_, for _líc_, like. +Chamber-like. + +_Chesser._ _Ches_, chess; _ere_, an agent. A chess-player. + +_Chessman._ _Ches_, chess; _man_, man. A chessman; a piece used in chess. + +_Chesson._ _Ches_, chess; _sun_, son. A son fond of chess. + +_Chestney._ _Chesteyn_, a chestnut. Chestin, perhaps, from the same root. + +_Clary._ _Clarré_, wine mixed with honey and spices, and afterwards +strained till it is clear. Clarey, of like relationship. + +_Clerke._ _Clerk_, one who has received school-learning. + +_Clink._ _Clinke_, a ring, to tinkle. + +_Clinker._ _Clinke_, to tinkle; _ere_, an agent. That which tinkles. + +_Coate._ _Cote_, a coat. + +_Compayre._ _Compère_, a gossip, a near friend. + +_Coates._ _Coate_, Coate; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Coate. + +_Cope._ _Cope_, a cloak. + +_Couch._ _Couche_, to lay, place; past participle _couched_, laid. +_Couched_ with pearls means laid or trimmed with pearls. _Couch_, also, a +bed. + +_Colpe._ _Coulpe_, a fault. + +_Crowne._ _Crown_, crown of the head, top of the head. Crown, from the +same radix. + +_Curtis._ _Curteys_, or _curteis_, courteous, polite. + + +D. + +_Dresser._ _Dresse_, to address, to apply; _ere_, an agent. One who +addresses, or applies himself to any task. + +_Drury._ _Druerie_, courtship, gallantry, love, a mistress. + + +F. + +_Fay._ _Fay_, faith, confidence, trust. Faye, from the same radix. + +_Fayer._ _Fay_, faith; _ere_, an agent. One who has faith; a believer. + +_Fayle._ _Fay_, faith; _le_, for _el_, denoting a person. A person of +faith; a believer. + +_Fein._ _Feyne_, to feign, to pretend. + +_Fey._ _Fey_, faith, trust, confidence. + +_Feyer._ _Fey_, faith; _ere_, an agent. One that has faith; a believer. + +_Feyhl._ _Fey_, faith; _hl_, for _el_, denoting a person. A believer. + +_Floyd._ _Floyte_, a flute. + +_Forster._ _Forster_, a forester, an officer of the forest. Foster, a +kindred term. + +_Fowl._ _Fowel_, a fowl, a bird. + +_Fowler._ _Fowel_, a fowl; _ere_, an agent. One who pursues or traps wild +fowl. + +_Fowles._ _Fowle_, Fowl; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Fowl. + +_Foyle._ _Folye_, folly, foolish conduct, indiscretion. + +_Franklin._ _Frankeleyn_, the father of a family. This is the application +in Chaucer’s time. Spencer uses the term in the sense of a freeholder, +but in Queen Elizabeth’s day it denoted a yeoman, or a man above a +vassal, but not a gentleman. + +_Frearson._ _Frere_, a friar; _sun_, son. Son of a friar. + + +G. + +_Gabb._ _Gabbe_, to jest, to talk idly, to lie. + +_Gaylord._ _Gaylard_, gay, licentious. Perhaps from _galliard_, a +sprightly kind of dance. + +_Gentil._ _Gentil_, gentlemanlike, gentlemanly. Gentel, Gentle, of like +kinship. + +_Gentry._ _Genterye_, gentility. Chaucer spelt the word with the +additional e’s. Even at the present day it is not unusual to find some +writing the name—Gentery. + +_Gerry._ _Gery_, changeable, inconstant, uncertain. + +_Geyler._ _Gylour_, a deceiver. + +_Glose._ _Glose_, a comment, an interpretation. + +_Grace._ _Grace_, favor, kindness, good-will, benignity. + +_Gracey._ _Grace_, favor, kindness; _ig_, an adjective termination. +Gracious; kind. + +_Grange._ _Graunge_, a farm-house. + +_Granger._ _Graunge_, a farm-house; _ere_, an agent. One who has a +farm-house; a farmer. + +_Greeley._ _Gree_, pleasure, satisfaction, prize, grade; _líc_, like. +Pleasurable; satisfactory; estimable; gradual. + +_Greaser._ _Grees_, grease, ointment; _ere_, an agent. An anointer. + +_Greasly._ _Grees_, grease; _líc_, like. Grease-like; unctuous. + +_Grone._ _Grone_, to groan, to grunt. + +_Groner._ _Grone_, to groan, to grunt; _ere_, an agent. A groaner; a +grunter. + +_Groning._ _Grone_, to groan, to grunt; _ing_, expressive of action. +Groaning; grunting. + + +H. + +_Hamburg._ _Hamburgeon_, diminutive of _hauberg_, a coat of mail. + +_Hamburger._ _Hamburgeon_, a coat of mail; _ere_, an agent. One who wears +a coat of mail; a warrior. + +_Haire._ _Haire_, hair-cloth. + +_Hackney._ _Hakeney_, a hackney, an ambling horse, or pad. + +_Harney._ _Harneys_, armor, furniture. + +_Hauberger._ _Hauberg_, a coat of mail; _ere_, an agent. An armor-bearer; +a knight; a warrior. + +_Houpt._ _Houped_, hooped, hollowed, shoaled. + + +K. + +_Keep._ _Keep_, care, attention. + + +L. + +_Lacey._ _Laas_, or _lace_, a lace, a net, a snare; _ig_, an adjective +termination. Resembling a lace, or net. + +_Large._ _Large_, spacious, free, prodigal. + +_Larger._ _Larger_, comparative of _large_, spacious, prodigal. More +spacious; more prodigal. + +_Largey._ _Large_, large, prodigal; _ig_, an adjective termination. +Large; prodigal. + +_Largly._ _Large_, large, free; _líc_, like. Large-like; largely; freely. + +_Layard._ _Liard_, a name of a horse, belonging originally to a horse of +a gray color. A gray horse. + +_Lodge._ _Loge_, a lodge, a habitation. + +_Logerman._ _Loge_, a lodge; _ere_, an agent; _man_, a man. A person who +lodges, or is lodged; a lodger. + +_Logue._ _Loge_, a lodge, a habitation. + +_Loos._ _Loos_, praise, approval. + +_Luce._ _Luce_, the fish called a pike. + + +M. + +_Mallison._ _Malisoun_, a malediction, a curse. + +_Maner._ _Manere_, carriage, behavior, kind, sort. + +_Maris._ _Marreys_, a marsh. + +_Mauger._ _Maugré_, in spite of. + +_Marvill._ _Mervaille_, marvel, wonder. Marvel, from the same radix. + + +N. + +_Nice._ _Nice_, foolish, simple, silly. Nyce, a kindred term. + +_Noon._ _Noon_, the ninth hour of the natural day, nine o’clock in the +morning, the hour of dinner. + +_Norris._ _Norice_, a nurse. + +_Nowell._ _Nowel_, Christmas. + + +O. + +_Oliphant._ _Olifaunt_, an elephant. + +_Oliver._ _Oliver_, olive-trees. + +_Opie._ _Opye_, opium. + + +P. + +_Paase._ _Paas_, a foot-pace. + +_Paramore._ _Paramour_, love, gallantry. + +_Pardee._ _Pardé_, a common oath, literally, by God. Purdie, of like +kinship. + +_Parvis._ _Parvis_, a portico before a church. Purvis, perhaps, from the +same root. + +_Pass._ _Passe_, to surpass, to excel, to pass sentence. + +_Peer._ _Peere_, a peer, an equal. + +_Pergin._ _Peregrine_, wandering. + +_Perry._ _Perrye_, jewels, precious stones. + +_Person._ _Persone_, a man, a parson, a rector of a church. + +_Pierie._ _Pierrie_, jewels, precious stones. + +_Pile._ _Pile_, _pyle_, to rob, to plunder. Pyle, from the same radix. + +_Platt._ _Platte_, or _plat_, flat, plain. + +_Pleydell._ _Plye_, to bend; _dál_, a dell, a valley. An undulating +valley. + +_Poke._ _Poke_, a pocket, a bag. + +_Pollak._ _Pollax_, a halberd. Pollock, Polock, from the same derivation. + +_Pomeltree._ _Pomel_, any ball or round thing, as an apple; _treow_, a +tree. An apple-tree. + +_Poynter._ _Poynt_, the principal business, a point, a stop; _ere_, an +agent. That which acts as a point, or a stop; a pointer. + +_Poynton._ _Poynt_, a point, a stop; _tún_, a house. A point-house; a +business place. + +_Prentis._ _Prentys_, an apprentice. Prentiss, a kindred term. + +_Presley._ _Prees_, a press, a crowd; _líc_, like. Crowd-like; dense; +compact. + +_Preston._ _Prest_, from _prese_, to press, to crowd; _tún_, a house. A +crowded house. + +_Prevear._ _Preve_, to try, to demonstrate by trial; _ere_, an agent. An +experimenter; a demonstrator. + +_Price._ _Prys_, price, value, praise. + +_Prime._ _Prime_, the first quarter of the artificial day. Sometimes +metaphorically used in Chaucer for the season of action or business. +Perhaps, from _pryme_, daybreak. + +_Prow._ _Prow_, profit, advantage. + +_Pye._ _Pie_, a magpie, a prating gossip, a tell-tale. + +_Pyne._ _Pyne_, pain, grief, sorrow. + + +Q. + +_Quint._ _Queynt_, strange, cunning, artful, trim, neat. + +_Quinton._ _Queynt_, neat, trim; _tún_, a house. A neat home. + + +R. + +_Raffles._ _Rafles_, plays with dice. + +_Rampe._ _Rampe_, to climb. Rempe, doubtless, from the same root. + +_Rampson._ _Ramp_, Rampe; _sun_, son. Son of Rampe. + +_Ransom._ _Raunsoun_, a ransom. + +_Rems._ _Remes_, realms, regions. + +_Revel._ _Revel_, entertainment, sport, festivity. + +_Ribaut._ _Ribaude_, a low, profligate man. + +_Roche._ _Roche_, a rock. + +_Rochester._ _Roche_, a rock; _ceaster_, a castle. A rock-castle. + +_Rocholl._ _Roche_, a rock; _ol_, a termination denoting a personal noun. +A rock-dweller; a man of decision. + + +S. + +_Scollay._ _Scolay_, to attend school, to study. + +_Sergeant._ _Sergeaunt_, a squire attendant upon a prince or nobleman. + +_Spence._ _Spence_, a store-room for wine or victuals. A buttery; a +larder; a store-room. + +_Spencer._ _Spence_, a store-room; _ere_, an agent. One who has charge of +the spence. + +_Suel._ _Sue_, to follow; _el_, implying a person. A follower. + + +T. + +_Tally._ _Taille_, a tally, an account scored upon a piece of wood. + +_Talent._ _Talent_, desire, affection. + +_Targett._ _Targe_, a small shield; _et_, implying a diminutive. A small +shield. + +_Timbers._ _Timbres_, basins. _Timbesterre_ was a term applied to a woman +who played tricks with timbres, or basins of some sort or other, by +throwing them up into the air and catching them upon a single finger; a +kind of balance-mistress. + +_Tourison._ _Tour_, a tower, and _sun_, a son. Son of a tower. + +_Tresse._ _Tresse_, an artificial lock, or gathering of hair. + +_Tressley._ _Tresse_, an artificial lock of hair; _líc_, like. +Tress-like; gathered into a tress. + +_Tressler._ _Tress_, a tress; _lár_, knowledge. Tress-knowledge. + + +V. + +_Verrey._ _Verray_, true, faithful. + +_Voucher._ _Vouche_, contraction of _vouchen sauf_, to vouchsafe; _ere_, +an agent. One who vouches a thing safe. In Chaucer, such expressions as +_voucheth sauf_, vouchsafe ye, and _the king vouches it save_, the king +vouchsafes it, were of common occurrence. + + +W. + +_Waite._ _Waite_, to watch. Wait, Waitt, Wayte, kindred terms. + +_Warden._ _Wardeyn_, a guard, a keeper of a gate. + + + + +FROM THE SCOTCH. + + + + +HISTORY—THE SCOT. + + +Who were the Scots? This is a question extremely difficult to answer. No +satisfactory account of the origin of the appellation has been given. It +has puzzled the most distinguished antiquaries, whose conjectures serve +rather to perplex than clear up the difficulty. Nor is this surprising, +when Varro and Dyonysius could not agree about the etymon of Italia, nor +Plutarch and Selinus about that of Rome. All that is known with certainty +is, that it was at first a term of reproach, and consequently framed by +enemies, rather than assumed by the nation distinguished by that name. +The Highlanders, who were the genuine descendants of the ancient Scots, +are absolutely strangers to the name, and have been so from the beginning +of time. All those who speak the Gaelic language call themselves +_Albanich_ or _Gael_, and their country _Alba_ or _Gaeldochd_. + +The Picts, who possessed originally the northern and eastern, and, in a +later period, the more southern division of North Britain, were at first +more powerful than the Caledonians of the west. It is therefore probable +that the Picts, from principles of malevolence and pride, were ready to +traduce and ridicule their weaker neighbors of Argyle. These two people +spoke the same language—the Gaelic. In that language _Scot_, or _Scode_, +signifies a corner or small division of a country. Accordingly, a corner +of North Britain is the very name which Giraldus Cambrensis gives the +little kingdom of Argyle, that the six sons of Muredus, King of Ulster, +are said to have established in Scotland. _Scot_, in Gaelic, is much the +same as _little_ or _contemptible_ in English; and _Scotlan_ literally +signifies a _small flock_, but metaphorically stands for a small body +of men. _Scuit_, a wanderer, is also from the Gaelic, and a few writers +suppose that this may have been the origin of the name of _Scot_, a +conjecture which seems to be countenanced by a passage in Ammianus +Marcellinus, where the men are characterized “_per diversa vagantes_.” +All that can be affirmed is, that, for some one of the reasons stated +above, the Picts or the Britons may have given, out of derision, the +appellation of _Scots_ to the ancestors of the Scottish nation. + +At what time the inhabitants of the west of Scotland came to be +distinguished by this name is uncertain. Porphyrius, the philosopher, is +the first who mentions them, and this was about the year of the Christian +era 267. Towards the middle of the fourth century Ammianus Marcellinus +speaks of them along with other British nations. + +Much discussion among antiquaries of note has taken place in regard +to the origin of the Scots. Dr. Macpherson contends that they are of +Caledonian, and Mr. Whitaker that they are of Irish extraction. Each +supports his position with such arguments and authorities that an +impartial inquirer is almost at a loss to know which to accept. What +appears most probable is, that both are partly in the right and partly +in the wrong. From what can be gleaned from past records the Scots seem +to have been originally descended from Britons of the south, or from +Caledonians, who, being pressed forward by new colonies from Gaul till +they came to the western shore of Britain, passed over into Ireland +probably one hundred years before the Christian era. Subsequently, about +the year of Christ 320, they, or a large colony of them, returned under +Fergus to Britain, and settled on the western coasts of Caledonia, from +which place they had formerly migrated. As early as 340 they are found +associated with the Picts in their expeditions into the Roman province, +and for ninety or a hundred years afterwards Roman and British writers +make frequent mention of their depredatory excursions. + +The territory of the ancient Scots comprehended, before the annexation +of Pictavia, all that side of Caledonia that stretched along the coast +from the Frith of Clyde to the Orkneys. Towards the east their dominions +were divided from those of the Picts by the high mountains running from +Dumbarton to the Frith of Tain. In course of time the Scots, under the +reign of Kenneth, son of Alpin, became so powerful as to subdue their +neighbors the Picts, and to give their own denomination to all Caledonia, +Pictavia and Valentia, which territories are still comprehended under the +general name of Scotland. + +Like those of all other nations, the historians of Scotland assume too +great an antiquity for their countrymen, but are, however, much less +extravagant in this particular than many others. According to them, the +reign of Fergus, the first Scot monarch, is placed at 330 B. C. He was +the son of Ferchard, an Irish prince, and is said to have been called +into Scotland by the Caledonians to assist them against the Southern +Britons, with whom they were then at war. Their language and manners he +found to be the same as those of his countrymen. This happy condition +of things rendered his position a very easy one. Placing himself at the +head of his new allies, he engaged the Britons under their king, Coilus. +Events proved him a brave and efficient leader. Coilus was defeated and +killed, and victory soon settled upon the banners of the Scots. Shortly +afterwards Fergus was declared, with the solemnity of an oath, king of +the Scots. But he did not long enjoy his new dignity, for, being called +to Ireland to quiet some commotions there, he was drowned on his return +voyage at a place on the coast of Ireland, which was called for him, +_Knock-Fergus_, or _Carrick-Fergus_; that is, Fergus’s Rock. + +Feritharis, brother of Fergus, succeeded to the throne to the prejudice +of his nephews—Ferlegus and Mainus. His reign was not a peaceful one, +for Ferlegus fomented strifes and dissensions, which failed of success, +and only resulted, after the death of his uncle, in his being set aside +from the succession. The throne was conferred upon his brother Mainus, +Ferlegus having died in obscurity. The reign of Mainus and those of +Dornadill and Nothat afford nothing remarkable. Reutha, Thereus, Jafina +and Finnan then followed in regular succession, but no transactions of +note marked their administrations, save that of the last, where we find +the first beginnings of the Scottish Parliament. Durftus, Even and Gillus +then succeeded, but their reigns were barren of interest. Even II, the +nephew of Finnan, who came after Gillus, is said to have built the towns +of Innerlochy and Inverness. He overcame Belus, king of the Orkneys, who +had invaded Scotland. His son Ever, who next assumed the reins, became +king at the time of the invasion of Britain by Julius Cæsar, and assisted +the Britons against the common enemy. Even III, his successor, was a +monster of cruelty and lust. His great wickedness occasioned a rebellion, +and ended in his dethronement, imprisonment and death. Nothing memorable +in the history of Scotland is met with from this time until that of +Agricola, who having completed the conquest of the southern parts and in +a great measure civilized the inhabitants, formed a like plan with regard +to Scotland. Here he met a most formidable opposition, but Scotch valor +was not proof against the discipline of Roman troops and the experience +of their commander. The subsequent history of the Scot, his contact +with the Dane, the Angles and the Saxons, and the Normans, must be left +unmentioned. We have called attention to these people for the reason that +they had in manner and language impressed the Scot of their days, and +left an influence behind which is even felt in his progenitors of the +present time. Our purpose at the beginning was to give but the history +of the origin of the name and of those who had it imposed upon them, and +this we have briefly, and it is to be hoped, successfully, accomplished. + + + + +SCOTCH—AS IT NOW EXISTS. + + +Modern Scotch, or the language as spoken even a hundred years ago, +differs very materially from that in use by the Scots when Cæsar invaded +Britain. + +Like the Erse, the latter was an important branch of the Celtic, or +Keltic, family of Indo-European languages, of which the Irish, now almost +extinct, affords a good illustration. + +Eighteen centuries, with their destructive and modifying influences, +have been at work upon its structure till its genius has departed, never +to return. The Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Norman have supplanted many of its +word-forms, and done away with its peculiarities of speech. What is now +left of its former glory is but the shadow. + +It is true we meet with Celtic words in current use, but time and neglect +have so disfigured their physiognomies that even the practised mind of +the philologist often fails to indicate their kinship. + +Scotch words, or we might say with greater propriety and exactness +Scottish words, for _Scotch_ is seemingly nothing more than a corruption +of _Scottish_, the English form of the Anglo-Saxon _Scyttisc_, vary their +inflections as English words do. The changes, when there are changes, +follow the usages of the Anglo-Saxon. + +As should be expected, when is considered the influence of the Teutonic +and Norman-French invasions, the sounds of certain letters, whether taken +singly or in combination, must necessarily have varied. This, as we shall +now see, has been the case. + +_Ch_ and _gh_, in Scotch, have always the guttural sound. + +The sound of the English diphthong _oo_ is commonly spelled _ou_. + +French _u_, a sound which often occurs in the language, is marked _oo_, +_ui_. + +In genuine Scottish words the _a_, except when constituting a diphthong, +or when followed by an _e_ mute after a single consonant, sounds +generally like the broad English _a_ in _wall_. + +The Scottish diphthong _æ_ always, and _ea_ very often, sound like the +French _e_ masculine, while the Scottish diphthong _ey_ sounds like the +Latin in _ei_. + + + + +NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION. + + +A. + +_Aiken._ _Aik_, an oak; _en_, indicative of an adjective. Oaken. + +_Auld._ _Auld_, old, ancient, of long duration. + + +B. + +_Baude._ _Baud_, bold, courageous, brave. + +_Bauder._ _Baud_, bold; _ere_, an agent. A bold person. + +_Bearne_. _Bearn_, a child, a human creature. + +_Bent._ _Bent_, long grass, wild fields where bents, etc., grow. Bente, a +kindred term. + +_Bentley._ _Bent_, long grass; _líc_, like. Resembling bent. + +_Bicker._ _Bicker_, a kind of wooden dish, a short race. + +_Birkey._ _Birkie_, a clever fellow. + +_Bonney._ _Bonnie_, bonny, handsome, beautiful. + +_Blyth._ _Blyth_, joy, sprightliness, liveliness. Blythe, another +spelling of the word. + +_Bradley._ _Brade_, or _braid_, broad; _líc_, like. Broad-like; broadly. + +_Brauley._ _Braw_, brave; _líc_, like. Brave-like; bravely. + +_Brenner._ _Brenn_, burn; _ere_, an agent. That which burns, or gives +light. + +_Briggs._ _Brigs_, bridges. + +_Brock._ _Brock_, a badger. + +_Bunker._ _Bunker_, a window-seat. + +_Burn._ _Burn_, water, a rivulet. + +_Burney._ _Burnie_, diminutive of _burn_, a rivulet. A small rivulet. + +_Buss._ _Buss_, shelter, refuge, protection. Busse, a kindred name. + +_Bussell._ _Bussle_, a bustle, great stir, tumultuous hurry. + +_Butt._ _Butt_, outer room. + +_Byers._ _Byres_, plural of _byre_, a cow-stable, a sheep-pen. + + +C. + +_Caddy._ _Caddie_, a young person, a young fellow. + +_Caffey._ _Caff_, chaff; _ig_, implying an adjective. Chaffy. + +_Cairns._ _Cairns_, plural of _cairn_, a loose heap of stones. + +_Callan._ _Callan_, a boy. + +_Canny._ _Cannie_, gentle, mild, dexterous. + +_Carl._ _Carl_, an old man, a churl. + +_Carlin._ _Carlin_, feminine of _carl_. A stout old woman. + +_Cauldwell._ _Cauld_, cold; _well_, a well. A cold well. Caldwell, +Colwell, from the same roots. + +_Child._ _Chield_, a fellow. + +_Clapp._ _Clap_, clapper of a mill. + +_Clater._ _Clatter_, an idle story. + +_Clash._ _Clash_, an idle tale, the story of the day. + +_Collie._ _Collie_, a general. + +_Core._ _Core_, corps, party, clans. + +_Cotter._ _Cotter_, an inhabitant of a cot-house, or cottage. + +_Cowton._ _Cowt_, a colt; _tún_, a house. A colt’s house. + +_Craft._ _Craft_, in old husbandry, a field near a house, a croft. + +_Crap._ _Crap_, a crop, to crop. + +_Crawford._ _Craw_, a rook; _ford_, a ford. A rook-ford. + +_Creeley._ _Creel_, a basket; _líc_, like. Resembling a basket. To have +one’s wits in a _creel_, is to be crazed, to be fascinated. + +_Crees._ _Crees_, grease. + +_Crick._ _Cricke_, an ant, any small insect. + +_Crouse._ _Crouse_, cheerful, courageous. + +_Curley._ _Curlie_, curled, hair falling naturally in ringlets. + +_Curling._ _Curling_, a well-known game on ice. In Scotland, where it is +practised, the player is called a _curler_. + + +D. + +_Dale._ _Dale_, a plain, a valley. Deal, from the same root. + +_Dales._ _Dale_, a plain; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Dale. + +_Daley._ _Dale_, a plain; _ig_, an adjective termination. Resembling a +plain. Dealy, a kindred term. + +_Dawson._ _Dawes_, days; _sun_, son. Son of days. + +_Dearie._ _Dearie_, diminutive of _dear_, a dear. A little dear. + +_Dern._ _Dern_, secret, hidden, sequestered. + +_Dolte._ _Dolt_, stupefied, crazed. + +_Dool._ _Dool_, sorrow. To sing _dool_ is to lament, to mourn. + +_Dooley._ _Dool_, sorrow; _ig_, an adjective termination. Sorrowful. + +_Doupe._ _Doupe_, the backside, the side or part of anything that is out +of sight, or that is not observed. + +_Douredoure._ _Doure_, stout, durable, sullen, stubborn; _doure_, stout, +durable, etc. Very stout; portly; obstinate. + +_Dow._ _Dow_, am, or are able. + +_Dowie._ _Dowie_, worn with grief, fatigue, etc., half asleep. + +_Dripps._ _Dreips_, or _drips_, drops. + +_Duddy._ _Duddie_, ragged. + +_Dyce._ _Dyce_, dice, checker-work. + + +E. + +_Eldridge._ _Elriche_, _Elritch_, wild, hideous, ghostly, lonesome, +uninhabited, except by spectres. + +_Enburgh._ _Enbrugh_, Edinburgh. + + +F. + +_Fae._ _Fae_, a foe, an enemy. + +_Fallon._ _Fallan_, falling. + +_Fallows._ _Fallow_, a fellow; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a fellow. Also, +_fallows_, plural of _fallow_, a fellow. + +_Faust._ _Faust_, a fault. + +_Fay._ _Fay_, faith. Faye, of like kinship. + +_Fell._ _Fell_, keen, biting, the flesh immediately underneath the skin, +a moderately level field on the side or top of a hill. + +_Ferley._ _Ferley_, or _ferlie_, to wonder, a wonder. Farley, from the +same root. + +_Firth._ _Firth_, or _frith_, a wood. + +_Flegel._ _Fleg_, a kicker; _el_, denoting a personal name. A kicker; an +opposer. + +_Fothergill._ _Fother_, fodder; _gill_, from _giolla_, a servant. A +fodder-servant. + +_Fow._ _Fow_, or _fou_, full, fuddled, drunk. + +_Fyler._ _Fyle_, to soil, to dirty; _ere_, an agent. One who soils, or is +soiled. + + +G. + +_Gaber._ _Gab_, the mouth; _ere_, an agent. One who uses the mouth; a +prattler. + +_Gair._ _Gair_, gear, dress, goods, effects, stuff. + +_Gash._ _Gash_, wise, sagacious, talkative. + +_Gear._ _Gear_, riches, goods of any kind. + +_Geary._ _Gear_, riches; _ig_, an adjective termination. Rich; wealthy. +Gearey, another spelling. + +_Glen._ _Glen_, a dale, a deep valley. + +_Goff._ _Gowff_, the game of Golf. A game played with a ball and a bat. +It is a favorite game in Scotland and consists in driving the ball from +one hole to another. The person who drives his ball into a hole with the +fewest strokes is declared the winner. + +_Gowdy._ _Gowd_, gould, gold; _ig_, an adjective termination. Gold-like; +resembling gold. + +_Great._ _Great_, great, intimate, familiar. + +_Greely._ _Gree_, prize, victory; _líc_, like. Victorious. Greeley, of +like derivation. + +_Greer._ _Gree_, prize, victory; _ere_, an agent. One who gains the +prize; the victor. + + +H. + +_Hagey._ _Hag_, a scar; _ig_, implying an adjective. Resembling a scar. + +_Hale._ _Hale_, whole, tight, healthy. + +_Haly._ _Haly_, holy. + +_Haldeman._ _Hald_, an abiding place; _man_, a man. A man that has an +abiding place. + +_Hap._ _Hap_, an outer garment, mantle, plaid. Happ, a kindred term. + +_Haphold._ _Hap_, a plaid; _hold_, a captain. A captain invested with his +plaid. + +_Harner._ _Harn_, very coarse linen; _ere_, an agent. One who makes +coarse linen. + +_Hasher._ _Hash_, a fellow that neither knows how to dress nor act with +propriety; _ere_, an agent. A fellow that does not dress becomingly. + +_Haugh._ _Haugh_, a low, rich land, a valley. + +_Haughey._ _Haugh_, a valley; _ig_, expressing an adjective. Valley-like. + +_Haughton._ _Haugh_, a valley; _tún_, a town. A valley-town. + +_Haverley._ _Haverel_, a half-witted person, half-witted. + +_Hawkey._ _Hawkie_, a cow, properly one with a white face. + +_Hearse._ _Hearse_, hoarse, rough, raucous. + +_Heather._ _Heather_, a heath, a place overgrown with heath, a low shrub +belonging to the family of ericaceous plants. + +_Hecht._ _Hecht_, promised, foretold, the thing promised, or offered. + +_Heckle._ _Heckle_, a board in which is fixed a number of sharp pins used +in dressing hemp, flax, etc. Heckel, a cognate term. + +_Helm._ _Helm_, rudder of a vessel. + +_Helmer._ _Helm_, rudder; _ere_, an agent. One who has the charge of the +rudder; a helmsman. + +_Helmbold._ _Helm_, rudder, helm; _bóld_, a house. The helmsman’s house; +pilot-house. + +_Helms._ _Helm_, Helm; _sun_, son. Son of Helm. + +_Herd._ _Herd_, to tend flocks, one who tends flocks. + +_Herder._ _Herd_, to tend flocks; _ere_, an agent. One who tends flocks. + +_Herry._ _Herry_, to plunder; most properly, to plunder birds’ nests. + +_Hiney._ _Hiney_, honey. + +_Hinger._ _Hing_, to hang; _ere_, an agent. A hanger; a hangman. + +_Hitch._ _Hitch_, a loop, a knot. + +_Hoff._ _Howff_, a tippling house, a house of resort. + +_Hoole._ _Hool_, outer skin or case, a nut-shell, a peascod, a pea-pod. + +_Hooley._ _Hoolie_, slowly, leisurely. + +_Horney._ _Hornie_, one of the many names of the devil. + +_Howe._ _Howe_, hollow, a hollow, or dell. + +_Howkins._ _Howkins_, diggings. + +_Howlett._ _Howlet_, an owlet, a small owl. + +_Hoy._ _Hoy_, to urge, to press forward. Hoye, of like derivation. + +_Hoyer._ _Hoy_, to urge; _ere_, an agent. One who urges; an urger. + +_Hoyt._ _Hoyte_, to amble crazily. + +_Hushen._ _Hushion_, a cushion. + + +I. + +_Ilko._ _Ilka_, each, every. + +_Ingle._ _Ingle_, fire, fire-place. + + +K. + +_Kain._ _Kain_, fowls, etc., paid as rent by a farmer. + +_Kames._ _Kames_, combs. + +_Keel._ _Keel_, a raddle. + +_Keeler._ _Keel_, a raddle; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a raddle; a +weaver. + +_Keeley._ _Keel_, a raddle; _ig_, implying an adjective. Raddle-like; +resembling a raddle. + +_Kett._ _Ket_, matted hair, fleece of wool. + +_Kirk._ _Kirk_, church. Kirke, of similar derivation. + +_Kirkbride._ _Kirk_, church; _bryde_, a bride. The church’s bride. + +_Kirkby._ _Kirk_, church; _bý_, a habitation. A habitation belonging to +the church; a parsonage. + +_Kirker._ _Kirk_, church; _ere_, an agent. A churchman. + +_Kirkham._ _Kirk_, church; _hám_, house. Church-house. + +_Kirkland._ _Kirk_, church; _land_, land. Church-land. + +_Kirkman._ _Kirk_, church; _man_, a man. A churchman. + +_Kirkpatrick._ _Kirk_, church; _Patrick_, Patrick. Church of St. Patrick. + +_Kirkwood._ _Kirk_, church; _wud_, wood. Church-wood. + +_Kirn._ _Kirn_, the harvest-supper, a churn. + +_Kitchen._ _Kitchen_, anything that is eaten with bread, or that serves +for gravy, soup, etc. + +_Kittle._ _Kittle_, ticklish, lively, apt. As a verb, it signifies to +tickle. + +_Knapp._ _Knap_, to strike sharply. A smart blow. + +_Knapper._ _Knap_, to strike sharply; _ere_, an agent. One who strikes a +smart blow. + +_Kye._ _Kye_, cows. + +_Kyle._ _Kyle_, a district in Ayrshire. Doubtless from _kyel_—the +equivalent of _kye_, cows, and _el_, a personal suffix—a cowherd. + + +L. + +_Laddey._ _Laddie_, diminutive of _lad_, a small lad, or boy. + +_Laggen._ _Lagen_, the angle between the side and the bottom of a wooden +dish. + +_Lang._ _Lang_, long. + +_Lear._ _Lear_, learning, knowledge. + +_Linn._ _Linn_, a water-fall, a precipice. + +_Lowe._ _Lowe_, a flame. + +_Lounes._ _Lounes_, plural of _loun_, a fellow, a ragamuffin, a woman of +easy virtue. + +_Lowrie._ _Lowrie_, abbreviation of Lawrence. Lowry, from the same +name. Lawrence, from the Latin, belonging to the laurel; secondarily, +victorious. + +_Lowse._ _Lowse_, to loose. + +_Lum._ _Lum_, the chimney. + +_Lunt._ _Lunt_, a column of smoke, to smoke. + + +M. + +_Mair._ _Mair_, more. + +_Malley._ _Mallie_, Molly, nickname for Mary, a Hebrew word signifying +bitter. + +_Mang._ _Mang_, among. + +_Manse._ _Manse_, the house where the minister lives, the parsonage. + +_Mavis._ _Mavis_, the thrush. + +_Maw._ _Maw_, to mow, a mow. + +_Mawby._ _Maw_, to mow; _bý_, a house, a habitation. A mow-house; a +chamber in a barn where hay is stored. + +_Mell._ _Mell_, to meddle. Also, a mallet for pounding barley in a stone +trough. + +_Meslin._ _Meslin_, mixed corn. + +_Muckel._ _Muckle_, great, big, much. + +_Murney._ _Murne_, mourn; Irish _neać_, an individual. One that mourns; a +mourner. + + +N. + +_Napey._ _Nappy_, ale, to be tipsy. Naphey, perhaps, from the same root. + + +P. + +_Pack._ _Pack_, intimate, familiar, twelve stone of wool. + +_Parle._ _Parle_, speech, discourse, conversation. + +_Pechin._ _Pechan_, the crop, the stomach. + +_Pickle._ _Pickle_, a small quantity. Pickel, from the same radix. + +_Pine._ _Pine_, pain, uneasiness. + +_Plews._ _Plews_, or _pleughs_, ploughs. + +_Prigge._ _Prig_, to cheapen, to dispute. + +_Pund._ _Pund_, pound. + +_Pyle._ _Pyle_ (_a pyle o’ chaff_), a single grain of chaff. + + +Q. + +_Quay._ _Quay_, or _quey_, a young heifer, a cow from one to two years of +age. + + +R. + +_Raible._ _Raible_, to rattle nonsense. + +_Rash._ _Rash_, a rush. + +_Reamer._ _Ream_, cream, to cream; _ere_, an agent. One who skims the +cream from anything. + +_Reck._ _Reck_, to heed. + +_Redwood._ _Red-wud_, stark mad. + +_Reid._ _Reid_, a reed. + +_Reider._ _Reid_, to advise; _ere_, an agent. One that advises; an +adviser. + +_Reidy._ _Reid_, a reed; _ig_, indicating an adjective termination. Reedy. + +_Rever._ _Rever_, robber, pirate, rover. + +_Rief._ _Rief_, or _reef_, plenty, abundance, randies, sturdy beggars. + +_Rigby._ _Rig_, a ridge; _bý_, a habitation. A ridge-house. + +_Riggs._ _Rigs_, plural of _rig_, a ridge. + +_Rink._ _Rink_, the course of the stones, a term in _curling_ on ice. + +_Ripley._ _Rip_, a handful of unthreshed corn; _líc_, like. Resembling a +handful of unthreshed corn. + +_Ripp._ _Rip_, a handful of unthreshed corn. + +_Routh._ _Routh_, or _rowth_, plenty, abundance. + +_Rung._ _Rung_, a cudgel. Runge, of like kinship. + +_Runger._ _Rung_, a cudgel; _ere_, an agent. A cudgeller. + + +S. + +_Saul._ _Saul_, soul. Saull, from the same root. + +_Sauter._ _Saut_, salt; _ere_, an agent. One who salts; a salter. + +_Sax._ _Sax_, six. + +_Scarborough._ _Scar_, a cliff; _beorh_, a burrow. A cliff-burrow. + +_Shaw._ _Shaw_, to show, a small wood in a hollow. + +_Sheen._ _Sheen_, bright, shining. + +_Sheetz._ _Sheits_, or _shetes_, sheets. + +_Shiel._ _Shiel_, a shed. + +_Shill._ _Shill_, shrill. + +_Shur._ _Shure_, did shear, shore. Shurr, from the same root. + +_Siller._ _Siller_, silver, money. + +_Simmer._ _Simmer_, summer. + +_Simmers._ _Simmer_, Simmer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simmer. + +_Skerl._ _Skirl_, to shriek, to cry shrilly. + +_Slade._ _Slade_, did slide. + +_Slaw._ _Slaw_, slow, tardy. + +_Smithers._ _Smithers_, smothers. + +_Snell._ _Snell_, bitter, biting. + +_Soutter._ _Souter_, a shoemaker. + +_Speel._ _Speel_, to climb. + +_Spier._ _Spier_, to ask, to inquire. + +_Stang._ _Stang_, an acute pain, a twinge, to sting. + +_Stangle._ _Stang_, to sting; _el_, expressive of a personal name. That +which stings. + +_Stant._ _Stant_, to stand. + +_Stark._ _Stark_, stout, stiff. + +_Steane._ _Stean_, or _stane_, a stone. + +_Stell._ _Stell_, a still. + +_Swank._ _Swank_, stately, jolly. A tight, strapping young fellow or girl +was called a _swankie_, or _swanker_. + + +T. + +_Taine._ _Taine_, or _tane_, a token. + +_Tifft._ _Tift_, a puff of wind. + +_Toomey._ _Toom_, empty; _ig_, expressive of an adjective. Empty; +unoccupied. + + +W. + +_Waley._ _Walie_, ample, large, jolly. + +_Wambold._ _Wam_, the womb, the belly; _bóld_, a house, a habitation. The +womb-house; the abdomen. + +_Ward._ _Ward_, watch, sentinel. + +_Wark._ _Wark_, work. + +_Warley._ _Warly_, worldly, eager in amassing wealth. Warlley, a cognate +term. + +_Warris._ _Warris_, wars. + +_Whidden._ _Whidden_, running as a hare or cony. + +_Wicht._ _Wicht_, powerful, strong, inventive, of superior genius. + +_Wiel._ _Wiel_, a small whirlpool. + +_Wrangham._ _Wrang_, wrong, to wrong; _hám_, a house. A wrong home; a +wronged house. + + +Y. + +_Yerkes._ _Yerkes_, or _yerks_, present indicative third person singular +of _yerk_, to lash, to jerk. Lashes; jerks. + +_Yetter._ _Yett_, a gate; _ere_, an agent. One who has charge of a gate; +a gate-keeper. _Yett_ was usually applied to a gate that commanded the +entrance to a farm-yard or a field. + + + + +ADDENDA ET CORRIGIENDA. + + +A. + +_Acker._ _Acer_, an acre, a field. Aker, of like derivation. + +_Ackley._ _Ác-lea_, from _ác_, an oak, and _leag_, a territory, a +district. An oak-district. Oakley, from the same roots. + +_Acorn._ _Ác-cærn_, from _ác_, an oak, and _cærn_, a corn. An oak-corn. + +_Adamson._ Hebrew _Adam_, red earth; A. S. _sun_, son. Son of Adam; son +of red earth. Adams, contracted form of the word. + +_Albertson._ _Albert_, from _æl_, all, and _beorht_, bright; _sun_, son. +Son of Albert; son of the all-bright, or illustrious. Alberts, of like +kinship. + +_Albright._ _Æl_, all; _beorht_, bright. All-bright; illustrious. + +_Alderson._ _Alder_, an author, an originator; _sun_, son. Son of an +author. + +_Anderson._ Greek _aner_, French _andré_, a man; _sun_, son. Son of a +man. Anders, Andrews, of like significance. + +_Antrim._ Irish _antrim_, land of caverns. Very closely allied to +_antrum_, the Latin for cave, den, grot, lurking-place. + +_Armstrong._ _Earm_, arm; _strong_, strong. Arm-strong. + +_Ashburn._ _Æsc_, an ash-tree, a ship; _burne_, a bourn, stream, creek, +river. A stream bordered by ash-trees; a river navigable by ships. + + +B. + +_Barrow._ _Beorh_, a heap, burrow or barrow, a heap of stones, a place of +burial. Barrows, son of Barrow. + +_Bartram._ _Beorht_, bright; _remn_, or _hrem_, a raven. A bright raven. +Bertram, of like kinship. + +_Becker._ _Béc_, a book; _ere_, an agent. A book-maker; a bookman. _Béc_, +derivable from _béce_, a beech-tree, as books were first made out of the +beech. Becher, a name of analogous significance. + +_Beckman._ _Béc_, a book; _man_, a man. A bookman; a book-maker. Bechman, +a kindred term. + +_Beckley._ _Béc_, book, or _béce_, beech; _líc_, like. Book-like; +resembling the beech. + +_Berry._ _Berige_, or _berie_, a berry, a grape. + +_Best._ _Best_, best, most. + +_Bickel._ _Bicce_, a bitch; _el_, implying personality. A woman in +disgrace. + +_Bickley._ _Bicce_, a bitch; _líc_, like. Resembling a bitch. + +_Bigg._ _Byge_, or _bige_, a corner, a bay. Perhaps, from _byggan_, to +big, to build: hence, great, large in bulk. + +_Bigley._ _Byge_, a bay; _líc_, like. Resembling a bay. + +_Birch._ _Birce_, or _byrce_, a birch-tree. Birkey, from the same radix. + +_Blackburn._ _Blæc_, black; _beorn_, a prince, a king. A black prince. +Or, from _blæc_, black, and _byrne_, a coat of mail. A black coat of mail. + +_Blade._ _Blæd_, a blade, leaf, branch, twig. It also signifies a +blowing, blast, breath, life, a favorable wind, success, prosperity, +honor, reward, fame, glory. + +_Blading._ _Blæd_, a blade, a leaf; _ing_, expressive of action. +Leaf-producing. + +_Blakeley._ _Blæc_, black; _líc_, like. Resembling black. Blakely, a +kindred term. + +_Blakey._ _Blæc_, black; _ig_, an adjective termination. Blackish. + +_Blakiston._ _Blæc_, black; _isc_, an adjective termination denoting +likeness; _tún_, town. A blackish town. + +_Blane._ _Blægen_, a pustule. _Blain_, perhaps, from the same root. + +_Blaney._ _Blægen_, a pustule; _ig_, an adjective termination. Full of +pustules. + +_Blank._ _Blanc_, white. Blanke, from the same root. + +_Blankley._ _Blanc_, white; _líc_, like. White-like. + +_Blee._ _Bleo_, color, hue, blee, complexion, beauty. + +_Blue._ _Bleo_, blue, azure. Blew is, doubtless, from _bleow_, the past +of _bláwan_, to blow, to breathe. + +_Boot._ _Bót_, a boot, remedy, amend, atonement, offering, redress, +compensation, cure. Boote, another spelling. + +_Booth._ Ir. _both_, a house. + +_Borgman._ _Borg_, a loan, a pledge; _man_, a man. A man who receives a +loan, or one who gives a pledge; a bondsman. + +_Bostick._ _Bósig_, a crib, a stall, a manger, a boose. Bostwick, from +the same roots, both words, doubtless, being corruptions of the original. + +_Bower._ _Búr_, a bower, cottage, dwelling, an inner room, bed-chamber, +storehouse. + +_Bowman._ _Boga_, a bow, arch, corner, bending, band, horn, tail; _man_, +a man. A bow-man; an archer. + +_Brick._ Ir. _brice_, French _brique_, a brick. Earth or clay formed into +regular blocks and burnt in a kiln or baked in the sun. + +_Bridge._ _Bricg_, or _brycg_, a bridge. + +_Bradbury._ _Brád_, broad, vast; _beorh_, a barrow, or burrow. A vast +barrow. + +_Braddock._ _Brád_, broad; Gothic _dok_, a deep or gulfy place. A broad +dock. Or, from _brád_, broad; _docce_, a dock, a kind of plant. A +broad-leaved dock. + +_Bradford._ _Brád_, broad; _ford_, a ford. A broad ford. + +_Bray._ Ir. _breáǵ_, fine. Or, from _breać_, ever. + +_Brightly._ _Beorht_, bright; _líc_, like. Bright-like; with lustre; +splendidly. + +_Bryan._ Ir. _briǵ_, virtue, vigor, force; _an_, a personal termination. +A virtuous person; a man of vigor. + +_Buckingham._ _Boccenham_, from _bóccen_, an adjective derived from +_bócce_, a beech, and _hám_, a house. A beechen house; a house surrounded +by beech trees. + +_Burk._ _Bearoc_, from _bearo_, a grove, a wood, a hill covered with +wood. Burke, from the same root. + +_Burkley._ _Bearoc_, a grove, a forest; _líc_, like. Forest-like. + +_Burr._ _Búr_, a bower, dwelling, storehouse. Also, from French _bourre_, +the down on herbs and fruits. Most properly, from the Anglo-Saxon. + +_Burrell._ _Búr_, a bower, a storehouse, a dwelling; _el_, a termination +denoting both persons and inanimate objects. One who, or that which, +dwells in a bower; a cottager; a storehouse. + +_Burrow._ _Beorh_, a heap, a barrow, a heap of stones, a place of burial. +Burrough, from the same radix. + + +C. + +_Cade._ Ir. _céad_, a hundred, first. Perhaps, from _cat́_, pronounced +_cath_, or _cadh_, war, battle. + +_Cadic._ Ir. _céad_, first; _eać_, for _neać_, an agent. The first man. +Caddy, from the same roots. Probably, from _cat́-aid́_, a warrior. + +_Callow._ _Calo_, or _caluw_, callow, bald, without hair. + +_Camley._ Ir. _cam_, curved, crooked, bent; A. S. _líc_, like. +Curved-like; crooked. + +_Camp._ _Camp_, from Latin _campus_, a contest, battle, war, a camp. + +_Campbell._ _Camp_, a camp; _bel_, a bell. A camp-bell. Possibly, from +French _camp_, a camp, and _bel_, beautiful: hence, a beautiful camp. + +_Canby._ _Can_, or _cann_, clearance; _bý_, a habitation. A +clearance-house. + +_Capp._ _Cappa_, a cap, cope, priest’s garment. + +_Carl._ _Carl_, a male; chiefly used before words to denote the male, +as _cwén_ does the female. _Carl-catt_, meaning a male cat, and +_carl-fugol_, a male or cock bird. Later, _carl_ came to signify man, a +married man, as well as the male of any kind. + +_Carley._ _Carl_, a male, a man; _líc_, like. Male-like; resembling a +man; churlish. Carle, from the same. + +_Carncross._ Ir. _carn_, a heap of stones; _cros_, a cross. A cross +composed of a heap of stones. + +_Carra._ Ir. _cara_, a friend. + +_Carritt._ Ir. _car_, dear; _aid́_, a termination indicative of +personality. A dear person; a friend. + +_Carter._ _Cræt_, or _crat_, a carriage, a cart; _ere_, an agent. One +who drives a cart or carriage; a carter; a teamster. In Anglo-Saxon, +_cræt-wǽn_ was applied to a wain, a chariot. It is highly probable that +_cræt_ or _crat_ is traceable through the Gaelic words _cairt_ and _carr_ +to Latin _carrus_, a car, a chariot. + +_Caskey._ Ir. _Caisg_, Easter; _eać_, an individual. One who celebrates +Easter. + +_Caton._ A. S. for the Latin _catus_, or _cautus_, cautious, weary, +provident. + +_Cilles._ _Cille_, a bottle; genitive _cilles_, of bottle. Belonging to a +bottle. + +_Conrad._ _Cón_, bold; _rǽd_, counsel, reason, opinion. Bold counsel; +courageous opinion. + +_Conway._ _Cón_, bold; _wæg_, a way, a passage. A bold passage. + +_Cormac._ Ir. _corb_, a chariot; _mac_, son. Son of a chariot; a +charioteer. Cormick, Cormuck, barbarous spellings of the name. + +_Coulter._ _Culter_, and not _colter_, a coulter. See page 67. + +_Crawford._ _Cráw_, a crow, chough, jackdaw; _ford_, a ford. A crow-ford; +a ford crossed by crows. + +_Crock._ _Croc_, a crock, a pitcher. + +_Crook._ _Cruc_, a crook, a crutch. + +_Crookes._ _Crook_, Crook; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Crook. + +_Crouch._ Corruption of _cruc_, a crook, a crutch. + +_Crowley._ _Cráw_, a crow; _líc_, like. Resembling a crow. + +_Culbert._ _Col_, a helmet; _beorht_, bright. A bright helmet. Colbert, +of like derivation. + +_Curby._ _Cear_, anxious, careful; _bý_, a habitation. An anxious home. + +_Curry._ Ir. _curam_, care (applied in Irish to all over whom one has +charge); _eać_, an agent, and not _lać_. A supervisor. See page 22. + + +D. + +_Dalby._ _Dál_, a dale, a valley; _bý_, a habitation. A valley-home. + +_Darby._ Common name for _Diarmoid_ in Limerick and Tipperary. See +Dermod, page 23. + +_Darcey._ _Dearc_, or _deorc_, dark, dusky; _ig_, an adjective +termination. Dark; dusky. + +_Darkis._ _Dearc_, dark; _isc_, an adjective ending. Darkish; dusky. + +_Darling._ _Deór_, dear; _ling_, a termination denoting state or +condition of a person. A person that is dear, or beloved. + +_Darlington._ _Darling_, Darling; _tán_, house. Home of Darling. + +_Darley._ _Deór_, dear; _líc_, like. Dear-like; dearly. + +_Davidson._ _David_, Hebrew for “beloved;” _sun_, son. Son of David. +Davids, a contracted form of the name. + +_Davies._ _Davie_, Scotch for the Hebrew for “beloved;” _s_ for _sun_, +son. Son of Davie. Davieson, unabbreviated name, and Davis, a contraction +thereof. + +_Daw._ _Dæg_, a day; _dawe_, Old English for the same. Day, of like +kinship. + +_Dawson._ _Daw_, Daw; _sun_, son. Son of Daw. + +_Deacon._ _Deacon_, or _diacon_, a deacon, a levite. + +_Deane._ _Deane_, the Danes: so called from _dene_, a valley, a plain, +for they are dwellers in a vale or plain. _Dean_, as commonly applied, is +the same as _deacon_, a levite. + +_Denison._ _Denis_, French of the Greek _Dionysos_, god of Nysos; _sun_, +son. Son of Denis. + +_Denn._ _Den_, a valley, a plain. + +_Derby._ _Deór-bý_, from _deór_, a deer, a beast, and _bý_, a habitation. +A deer-park. + +_Dilg._ _Dilge_, present indicative of _dilgian_, to destroy. + +_Donald._ Ir. _Donghal_, from _donn_, brown, and _gall_, stranger. +Brown-haired stranger. + +_Donaldson._ _Donald_, Donald; _sun_, son. Son of Donald. + +_Donnell._ Ir. _Domhnall_, possibly _Donghal_, from _donn_, brown, and +_gall_, stranger. Brown-haired stranger. + +_Donaghy._ Ir. _Donoghoc_, from _Donnachu_, which is from _donn_, brown, +and _neać_, an individual, an agent. A brown-haired chief. Donnogh, +Donahoe, Donahue, Donohoe, Donohue, from the same roots. + +_Douglass._ Ir. _dhu_, from _dub́_, black, dark; _glas_, green, gray. +Dark green; dark gray. + +_Dugall._ Ir. _dhu_, from _dub́_, black; _gall_, a stranger. A black +stranger. Dugald, from the same roots. + +_Downes._ _Dúnes_, genitive of _dún_, a mountain, a hill. Belonging to a +hill. + +_Douney._ _Dún-ig_, from _dún_, a mountain, a hill, and _ig_, an +adjective ending. Mountainous; hilly. Downy, from the same derivation. + +_Durburrow._ _Dur_, a door, a gate; _beorh_, a burrow, a place of burial. +A door-burrow; a place of burial entered by door, or gate. Durborrow, +Durborow, cognate terms. + + +E. + +_Earl._ _Eorl_, not _earl_, noble, earl, man. See page 68. + +_Earley._ _Eorl-líc_, from _eorl_, an earl, and _líc_, like. Earl-like; +belonging to an earl. + +_Easby._ _Eás_, genitive of _eá_, a river; _bý_, a habitation. Habitation +of a river; banks of a river. + +_Eastburn._ _East_, eastern; _burne_, a river. An eastern river. + +_Eastman._ _East_, eastern; _man_, a man. An eastern man. + +_Eck._ _Éce_, eternal, perpetual, everlasting. + +_Eckley._ _Éce-líc_, from _éce_, eternal, and _líc_, like. Eternal-like; +everlasting. + +_Edgar._ _Eádg_, happy, prosperous, blessed, rich, perfect; _gár_, a +dart, javelin, spear, weapon. A prosperous spear. _Eádg_, contraction of +the adjective _eád-ig_, which is derivable from the substantive _eád_, +prosperity, happiness. It is highly probable that _eád_ is an altered +form of _eard_, earth, a man’s prosperity and consequent happiness being +measured by the extent of his earthly possessions. See page 68. + +_Edmund._ _Eádmund_, from _eádg_, happy, and _mund_, hand, protection, +defence. Happy defence. + +_Edson._ _Eádg_, rich; _sun_, son. Rich son. + +_Edward._ _Eádward_, from _eádg_, blessed; _weard_, guardian, watchman. A +blessed guardian. + +_Egge._ _Egge_, present indicative first person singular of _eggian_, to +egg, to excite. + +_Eglee._ _Egle_, troublesome, difficult, hateful. Or, from _egle_, a +sprout, an ear of corn, a thistle. + +_Eggleson._ _Egle_, troublesome; _sun_, son. A troublesome son. + + +F. + +_Farley._ _Far-líc_, from _fær_, sudden, fortuitous, wonderful, and +_líc_, like. Sudden; fortuitous; wonderful. + +_Ferguson._ _Fergus_, Fergus; _sun_, son, Son of Fergus. See Fergus, page +25. + +_Fetter._ _Feoter_, or _fetor_, a fetter. + +_Fetterling._ _Feoter_, a fetter; _ling_, a termination denoting the +state or condition of a person. Bondage. + +_Finan._ Ir. _fionn_, fair, white; _an_, a personal ending. A fair +person. Finian, kindred in derivation. + +_Fitler._ _Fit_, or _fitt_, a song; _lár_, lore, learning, law. Song-lore. + +_Forder._ _Ford_, a ford; _ere_, an agent. On who, or that which, fords a +stream. + +_Fordham._ _Ford_, ford; _hám_, house. Ford-house. + +_Fowler._ _Fugel-ere_, from _fugel_, a bird, a fowl, and _ere_, an agent. +One who pursues or traps wild fowl. + +_Freeborn._ _Freó-bearn_, from _freó_, free, and _bearn_, born. One free +born. + +_Fricka._ _Fríga_, Saxon Venus, the goddess of love. Or, which is more +likely, from _fricca_, a crier or preacher. Frick, from the same radix. +See Frick, page 70. + +_Frost._ _Frost_, or _forst_, frost. + +_Fry._ _Frý_, free, having liberty or authority. Frye, of similar +derivation. + +_Fuller._ _Fullere_, from _fullian_, to whiten, and _ere_, an agent. One +that whitens anything; a bleacher. + +_Fullerton._ _Fuller_, Fuller; _tún_, house. Home of Fuller. + +_Fullom._ _Fúle-hám_, from _fúle_, foul, muddy, corrupt, and _hám_, a +house. A muddy house; a corrupt home. Fullum, a cognate term. + + +G. + +_Gadd._ _Gád_, or _gǽd_, a point of a weapon, a prick, a goad. Also, +from _gád_, want, need, deficiency. + +_Gadsby._ _Gádes_, genitive of _gád_, want, deficiency, need; _bý_, a +habitation. A needy home. + +_Gaff._ _Gaf_, base, vile, lewd. + +_Gaffney._ _Gaf_, base; Ir. _neać_, an individual. A base person. + +_Gale._ _Gale_, a nightingale, is from _galan_, to sing, to enchant. +Galey, of like derivation. + +_Galen._ _Galen_, past participle of _galan_, to sing, to enchant. + +_Garlic._ _Gár-leac_, from _gár_, a spear, and _leac_, a leek, an onion, +an herb. Spear-leek; garlic. + +_Garman._ _Gár_, a spear; _man_, a man. A spearman. + +_Garret._ _Gár_, a spear; _rédhe_, cruel. A cruel spear. + +_Gillingham._ _Gillinga-hám_, or _Gill-ingahám_, from _Gill_, Gill, and +_ingahám_, residence of the sons. Home of the sons of Gill. See Gill, +page 27. + +_Glade._ _Glade_, a river, a brook. Or, _glade_, gladly. + +_Gladney._ _Glǽd_, purified, bright; Ir. _neać_, an individual. A +purified person; a saint; an angel. + +_Glenney._ _Glen_, a glen, a valley; Ir. _neać_, an individual. A dweller +in a glen, or a valley. + +_Guildford._ _Gild-ford_, from _gild_, a guild, society, or club where +money was paid for support, and _ford_, a ford. A stock-ford. + + +H. + +_Haddock._ _Hacod_, by the inversion of the letters in the last syllable +became _hadoc_, and signifies a pike, mullet. + +_Hadley._ _Heáfod-líc_, from _heáfod_, a head, and _líc_, like. +Head-like; capital; chief. Headley, of like kinship. + +_Haines._ _Heánes_, from _heáh_, high, and _nes_, a termination of +feminine nouns denoting qualify or state. Highness; height; top; end; +pinnacle; fortress. + +_Haley._ _Heálig_, from _heáh_, high, and _ig_, an adjective ending. +High; lofty. Or, from _hál_, healthy, sound, whole, and _ig_, implying an +adjective. Healthy; sound; wholly; holy. + +_Hallowell._ _Heálig_, holy; _well_, a well. A holy well. Halliwell, from +the same roots. + +_Hambright._ _Hám_, home; _beorht_, bright. A bright home. + +_Hambrook._ _Hám_, home; _bróc_, a rivulet. A home rivulet. + +_Hancock._ _Hean_, worthless; _cocc_, or _coc_, a cock, a male bird. A +worthless cock. See Hancock, page 72. + +_Handley._ _Handle_, that which is used by the hand. A handle; a haft. +Hanley, a kindred term. + +_Hane._ _Heán_, high, lofty, sublime, chief, noble, excellent. + +_Hanna._ _Heana_, poor, needy, humble, despised. + +_Hansbury._ _Heán-burh_, from _heán_, high, lofty, and _burh_, a tower. A +lofty tower. + +_Harbeck._ _Hár_, hoar, hoary, gray; _béc_, a book. A hoary book. + +_Harbert._ _Hár_, hoary, gray; _beorht_, glistening. Glistening with gray. + +_Harding._ _Heard_, hard; _ing_, implying action. Hardening. + +_Hardick._ _Heard_, hard; _ig_, an adjective termination. Hardy. Hardie, +Hardy, from the same roots. + +_Hare._ _Hara_, a hare. As hares are gray, the name was originally +derived from _hár_, hoar, hoary, gray. _Hare_, an estuary, is a probable +etymology. + +_Hargis._ _Heregas_, armies, a host. + +_Harmer._ _Hearm_, harm, damage, calamity; _ere_, an agent. One who, or +that which, produces harm. Perhaps, from _harma_, a sling to support a +wounded arm, an arm that has been harmed or damaged. + +_Hay._ _Hoeg_, or _hég_, hay. + +_Hayes._ _Haye_, Hay; _s_ for sun, _son_. Son of Hay. + +_Hazel._ _Hæsel_, or _hæsl_, a nut-tree, hazel. _Hæsel_, also, signifies +a hat. The husk of the hazel-nut resembles a hat, but whether the plant +took its name from the form of the covering of the nut, or the hat +received its name from its resemblance to the covering, is a question. We +incline to the latter belief. + +_Heany._ _Heane_, poor, needy, humble, worthless, despised. Heeny, from +the same root. + +_Heberton._ _Heber_, a goat; _tún_, a house. A goat-house. + +_Heller._ _Helle_, clear, eminent; _ere_, an agent. A man of eminence. + +_Heppe._ _Heope_, a hip, fruit of the dog-rose. + +_Herman._ _Here-man_, from _here_, an army, and _man_, a man. An +army-man; a soldier. + +_Hill._ _Hill_, or _hyll_, a hill. + +_Hilles._ _Hilles_, or _hylles_, genitives of _hill_ and _hyll_, a hill. +Belonging to a hill. + +_Hocker._ _Hocer_, or _hocor_, mocking, reproach. + +_Hood._ _Hód_, a hood. + +_Hodge._ _Hog_, prudent, careful, anxious. + +_Hodgson._ _Hog_, prudent; _sun_, son. A prudent son. + +_Holcombe._ _Hol_, a hole, cavern, den; _comb_ a valley. A cavernous +valley. + +_Holden._ _Healden_, past participle of _healdan_, to hold, rescue, +fasten, rule, govern. Held; ruled; governed. + +_Holland._ _Hol_, a hole, a cavern; _land_, region. A cavernous land. Or, +_hol_, hollow; land, _land_. A hollow land. + +_Hookey._ _Hóc_, or _hooc_, a hook, a stick, or iron bent at the end; +_iht_, an adjective termination. Hooked. + +_Hoopes._ _Hópes_, genitive of _hóp_, a hoop, circle, company. Belonging +to a hoop. + +_Hough._ _Hoh_, or _hó_, a heel, hough, ham. + + +I. + +_Inger._ _Ing_, Ing; _ere_, an agent. A descendant of Ing. According to +Teuton mythology, Ing was the son of Tuisco, and is, without doubt, the +name-father of the Anglo-Saxon and English. + +_Ingham._ _Ing_, Ing; _hám_, house. Home of Ing. + +_Ingram._ _Ing_, Ing; _remn_, or _hrem_, a raven. Ing’s raven. + + +K. + +_Kane._ Ir. _cat́on_, pronounced _cahon_, from _cat́_, battle, and _an_, +a termination denoting a personal noun. A warrior. + +_Kindall._ _Cyn_, or _cin_, suitable; _dál_, valley. A suitable valley. +Kendall, of like kinship. + +_Kettle._ _Cetel_, a kettle. + +_Kidder._ _Cidan_, to contend, quarrel, chide; _ere_, an agent. One who +chides; a chider. + +_Kille._ _Cile_, cold, coldness. Or, more likely, _cille_, a battle. + +_King._ _Cyng_, king, ruler, prince. + +_Kingsbury._ _Cynges_, genitive of _cyng_, king; _beorh_, a city. King’s +city. + +_Kingston._ _Cynges_, genitive of _cyng_, a king; _tún_, town. King’s +town. + +_Kitchen._ _Cicene_, a kitchen. + +_Knapp._ _Cnæpp_, a top, cop, knop, button. + +_Knauf._ _Cnáfa_, one begotten, an offspring, a son, boy, youth. + +_Knaup._ _Cnápa_, son, boy, youth. + +_Knight._ _Cniht_, a boy, youth, attendant, a military follower. + +_Knoll._ _Cnoll_, a knoll, a hill, top, cop, summit. + +_Knott._ _Cnott_, a knot, a fastening, knitting. + +_Knowles._ _Cnolles_, genitive of _cnoll_, a knoll, a hill. Belonging to +a knoll, or hill. + + +L. + +_Landes._ _Landes_, genitive of _land_, land, ground, earth, field, +country. Belonging to the country. Landis, of cognate derivation. + +_Lang._ _Lang_, long, tall. + +_Langfeld._ _Lang_, long; _feld_, a field. A long field. + +_Langham._ _Lang_, long; _hám_, home. Long home. + +_Langley._ _Lang-líce_, from _lang_, long, and _líce_, form. Form of +long; a long time. + +_Lapp._ _Lappa_, a lap, border, hem, piece, portion. + +_Lark._ _Lauerc_, or _lawerc_, a lark. + +_Lau._ _Láu_, a relict, a widow. + +_Lawman._ _Lah_, law; _man_, a man. A man of the law; a lawyer. + +_Lawson._ _Lah_, law; _sun_, son. Son of the law; a lawyer. + +_Lea._ _Lea_, or _leag_, a law, a territory or district in which a +particular law or custom was in force. See Lea, page 75. + +_Leak._ _Leac_, a leek, an onion, garlic, an herb. + +_Light._ _Liht_, light, bright, not heavy. + +_Lightham._ _Liht_, bright; _hám_, home. A bright home. + +_Lillie._ _Lilie_, a lily. Lilly, from the same radix. + +_Lillig._ _Lilige_, a lily. + +_List._ _List_, wisdom, science, power, faculty, art, deceit. + +_Loos._ _Lús_, pronounced _loos_, a louse. + +_Lord._ _Laueord_, or _hláford_, a lord, a master, a ruler. + +_Love._ _Lóf_, praise. Or, from _luf_, love, favor, grace. + +_Lovely._ _Lóf_, praise; _líc_, like. Praise-like; lovely. Or, from +_luf-líc_, lovely. + +_Luff._ _Luf_, love, favor, grace. + +_Lunger._ _Lunger_, immediate, quick. + +_Lust._ _Lust_, desire, will, power, pleasure, delight, exultation. + + +M. + +_McAlpin._ Ir. _mac_, son; _ailpin_, from _ailp_, a lump, a height, and +_in_, implying a diminutive. Son of a small lump, or height. + +_McArthur._ Ir. _mac_, son; _Arthur_, Anglicised form of Ir. _ard_, high. +Son of Arthur; son of the high. + +_McBride._ Ir. _mac_, son; _briǵ_, virtue, vigor, force. Son of virtue; +son of force. Anglo-Saxon _bride_ is, doubtless, traceable to Ir. _briǵ_. + +_McCadden._ Ir. _mac_, son; _cat́in_, pronounced _cathin_, or, possibly, +corrupted into _cadhin_, a warrior. Son of a warrior. + +_McCandless._ Ir. _mac_, son; Anglo-Saxon _candeles_, genitive of +_candel_, a candle. Son of a candle. Candle is from the Latin _candeo_, I +burn. + +_McCarrick._ Ir. _mac_, son; _Carrick_, Carrick. Son of Carrick. See +Carrick, page 21. + +_McCartney._ Ir. _mac_, son; _cairt_, a cart; _neać_, an agent. Son of a +carter. + +_McClay._ Ir. _mac_, son; A. S. _clæg_, clay. Son of Clay; son of clay. + +_McClerk._ Ir. _mac_, son; A. S. _clerc_, a clerk, a priest. Son of a +priest. + +_McCombes._ Ir. _mac_, son; A. S. _combes_, genitive of _comb_, a +valley. Son of a valley. McComb, McCombs, McCoomb, McCoombs, of kindred +derivation. + +_McCoon._ Ir. _mac_, son; A. S. _coones_, genitive of _coon_, bold. Son +of the bold. + +_McCord._ Ir. _mac_, son; _coird_, genitive of _cord_, a string. Son of a +string. + +_McCormac._ Ir. _mac_, son; _cormac_, from _corb_, a chariot, and _mac_, +a son; hence, a charioteer. Son of a charioteer. + +_McCourt._ Ir. _mac_, son; _cuirte_, genitive of _cuirt_, a yard, an +enclosed place. Son of an enclosed place. McCort, from the same roots. + +_McDade._ Ir. _mac_, son; A. S. _dǽde_, genitive of _dǽd_, deed, +action. Son of action. + +_McFeat._ Ir. _mac_, son; _fearte_, genitive of _feart_, a feat, an +achievement. Son of achievement. + +_McFeeters._ Ir. _mac_, son; A. S. _fæteres_, genitive of _fæter_, a +fetter. Son of a fetter. + +_McGade._ Ir. _mac_, son; A. S. _gádes_, genitive of _gád_, a goad, a +prick. Son of a goad. + +_McManus._ Ir. _mac_, son; _manus_, most likely a corruption of A. S. +_mannes_, genitive of _mann_, a man. Son of a man. + +_McMaster._ Ir. _mac_, son; _maiǵistera_, genitive of _maiǵister_, a +master. Son of a master. + +_Mader._ _Mædere_, or _mæddere_, madder. + +_Madge._ _Mæge_, a kinswoman, a daughter. + +_Madison._ _Mæge_, genitive of _mæge_, a maid. Son of a maid. + +_Maiden._ _Mæden_, a maiden, a virgin. + +_Mallow._ _Malwe_, or _malu_, mallow. Mallow, name of a species of +malvaceous plant. + +_Mear._ _Mear_, a field. Also, from _mear_, or _mearh_, a horse. See +Mear, page 76. + +_Mease._ _Measse_, the mass, a feast, a festival. + +_Mennig._ _Menigo_, a multitude, a host. + +_Mennis._ _Mennisc_, human, manlike, mortal. + +_Merrill._ _Mere_, the sea; Ir. _aill_, a wall, a cliff. A sea-wall; a +sea-cliff. + +_Mood._ _Mód_, mind, disposition, mood, passion, violence, force. + +_Moody._ _Mód-ig_, from _mód_, mind, and _ig_, an adjective ending. +Proud; courageous; bold; irritable; moody. Moodie, from the same roots. + +_Moon._ _Món_, pronounced _moon_, wickedness. Or, from _móna_, the moon. + +_Mooney._ _Mon-ig_, from _móna_, the moon, and _ig_, an island. Mona +Island; Isle of the Moon. + +_Morley._ _Mǽr-líc_, from _mǽr_, great, high, lofty, exalted, +illustrious, famous; _líc_, like. Noble; lofty; glorious. + +_Morning._ _Morgen_, the morning, morrow. + +_Morrow._ _Morhgen_, or _morgen_, the morning, morrow. + +_Morton._ _Mór_, moor, heath; _tún_, town. A moor-town; a town built on a +moor. + +_Moss._ _Meos_, moss. + +_Mott._ _Mot_, a mote. + +_Mould._ _Molde_, mould, earth, dust. + +_Mund._ _Mund_, a hand, a protection, fence, defense, security. + +_Munder._ _Mund-bora_, from _mund_, protection, and _bora_, a bearer. A +bearer of protection; a protector. + +_Mundy._ _Mundig_, from _mundean_, to remember, and _ig_, an adjective +termination. Mindful. + + +N. + +_Nutt._ _Hnut_, a nut. + +_Nuttall._ _Hnut-hule_, from _hnut_, a nut, and _hule_, hull or husk. A +nut-hull. + +_Nutter._ _Hnut_, a nut; _ere_, an agent. A nut-gatherer. + + +O. + +_Oakey._ _Ác_, an oak; _ig_, an adjective termination, Oaky; like oak; +hard as oak. + +_Oakford._ _Ác_, an oak; _ford_, ford. The ford of the oak. + +_Oakley._ _Ác-lea_, from _ác_, oak; _lea_, a place. An oak place. + +_Oat._ _Áta_, an oat. + +_Oats._ _Oat_, Oat; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Oat. + +_Oatis._ _Áta_, an oat; _isc_, resembling. Resembling an oat. + +_Oldham._ _Eald_, old, ancient; _hám_, house. An ancient home. Oldam, +contracted form of the name. + +_Olding._ _Eald_, old; _ing_, expressing action. Growing old. + +_Otter._ _Oter_, or _otor_, an otter. + +_Otterson._ _Oter_, an otter; _sun_, son. Son of an otter. + + +P. + +_Palmer._ _Palm_, a palm; _ere_, an agent. A palm-bearer. + +_Park._ _Parruc_, or _pearroc_, a park. Parke, a kindred name. + +_Parker._ _Parruc_, a park; _ere_, an agent. A keeper of a park. + +_Parkerson._ _Parker_, Parker, _sun_, son. Son of Parker. + +_Parkhill._ _Parruc_, a park; _hyll_, a hill. A park hill. + +_Pearl._ _Pærl_, a pearl. + +_Peak._ _Peac_, or _pic_, a peak, point, top, head. Peck, doubtless, from +the same radix. + +_Perkin._ _Peter-kin_, from Greek _Peter_, a rock; A. S. _cyn_, a +relative. Peter’s relative. + +_Perkins._ _Perkin_, Perkin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Perkin. + +_Peters._ Greek _Peter_, a rock; _s_ for _sun_. Son of Peter; son of a +rock. Peterson, from the same roots. + +_Pinn._ _Pinn_, a pen. + + +Q. + +_Quernin._ _Cwéorn_, a mill. + +_Querner._ _Cwéorn_, a mill; _ere_, an agent. A miller. + + +R. + +_Riddle._ _Hriddel_, a sieve, a riddle. + +_Ridgway._ _Ricg_, a ridge; _wæg_, a way. A ridge-way; a way along a +ridge. + +_Roberts._ _Rodor-beorht_, from _rodor_, heavens, and _beorht_, bright; +_s_ for _sun_, son. Son of the heavenly bright. Robertson, a lengthened +form of the same name. + +_Robinson._ _Robin_, endearing name for Robert; _sun_, son. Son of Robin; +son of the heavenly bright. Robbinson, Robbins, of like derivation. + +_Robson._ _Rob_, Robb; _sun_, son. Son of Robb. Robb, contraction of +Robbin, title of endearment for Robert—heavenly bright. Robeson, of like +kinship. + + +S. + +_Scofield._ _Sceawe_, a show; _feld_, a field. A show-field. See +Scofield, page 99, which contains two errors. + +_Shourds._ _Sceardes_, genitive of _sceard_, a sheard, division. +Belonging to a sheard. + +_Sowden._ Anglo-Norman _soudan_, from Moorish _soldan_, a prince. A +prince; a sultan. + +_Sumpter._ Anglo-Norman _summere_, a sumpter horse; and _sumpter_, a +horse that carries clothes, furniture, etc. Going back to the original, +from the Latin _sumo_, I take, _sumptum_, to take, with Anglo-Saxon +_ere_, an agent: that is, one that takes or carries. + + +T. + +_Thomason._ _Thomas_, Thomas; _sun_, son. Son of Thomas. In the Hebrew, +_Thomas_ signifies a twin. Thompson, of like derivation and meaning. + +_Tolbert._ _Tohl_, or _tól_, a tool; _beorht_, bright. A bright tool. + +_Tolley._ _Tohl-líc_, from _tohl_, a tool, and _líc_, like. Tool-like. +Or, from _toh-líc_, compounded of _toh_, tough, clammy, and _líc_, like. +Clammy. + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77230 *** |