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+    <title>
+      Family names from the Irish, Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman and Scotch | Project Gutenberg
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+<body>
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77230 ***</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[1]</span></p>
+
+<h1><span class="smcap">Family Names</span><br>
+<span class="smaller"><span class="smaller">FROM THE</span><br>
+IRISH, ANGLO-SAXON, ANGLO-NORMAN AND SCOTCH</span></h1>
+
+<p class="titlepage larger"><span class="smcap">Considered in Relation to their Etymology,<br>
+<br>
+<span class="smaller">with</span><br>
+<br>
+Brief Remarks on the History and Languages<br>
+<br>
+<span class="smaller">of the</span><br>
+<br>
+Peoples to Whom we are Indebted for their Origin.</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage">BY THOMAS G. GENTRY,<br>
+<br>
+<span class="smcap">Author of “Life-Histories of Birds of Eastern Pennsylvania,” “The House<br>
+Sparrow,” “Nests and Eggs of Birds of the United States,” etc.</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage">PHILADELPHIA:<br>
+BURK &amp; McFETRIDGE.<br>
+1892.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[2]</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">Copyright, 1892,<br>
+BY<br>
+THOMAS G. GENTRY</span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[3]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE">PREFACE.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>In all ages and localities of the world names, implying some one
+or more characteristics of person, feature, faith, place or event, were
+conferred by people, especially by those of defective education and
+rude, unpolished manners. The nations of antiquity appear to have
+set the example, for the Hebrews had their “Adam,” which meant
+“red earth,” their “Elizabeth,” “the oath of God,” and the Greeks
+their “Theophilus,” “the friend of God.” Scriptural names, and
+those of a purely classical character, have been studied with less
+difficulty. Every Hebrew name has been fully discussed and examined
+by the best scholars, and the Greek have received the same
+amount of careful consideration. Not so with the Latin. While much
+of value and interest have been gleaned through patient study and
+investigation, yet there is a great deal that must forever remain
+doubtful and inexplicable.</p>
+
+<p>Ripe German philologists have given full attention to the numerous
+race of German appellations, the Scandinavian class having been
+most ably treated in a series of articles to the <i>Norsk Maandeskrifts</i>
+from the pen of Prof. Munch, of Christiania. Turner, Kemble,
+Thierry, and others, have studied, but not comparatively, Anglo-Saxon
+names, and thrown considerable light upon the subject.</p>
+
+<p>Keltic names have presented far greater difficulties. The changes
+through which the name passes must be considered, and not merely
+the sound when translated into English. Books of travels, histories,
+and popular tales, are here indispensable aids to the dictionary,
+especially when writers have been good enough to give with anything
+like tolerable accuracy the genuine word rather than their
+Anglicised construction.</p>
+
+<p>While surnames and local names have often been discussed, and
+that very poorly in the large majority of cases, the Christian name
+has generally been considered too fortuitous to merit notice. Camden
+did indeed review the current ones of his day, giving many correct
+explanations, but Verstegen, who followed him up, was more speculative,
+and, consequently, less correct. Since his day, no English
+author seems to have given any reliable information to the subject.
+It is true that a few lists of names and meanings have appeared in
+magazines and popular works, but they have generally been copies
+of Verstegen, with puerile and incorrect additions. One paper,
+which was published a long time ago in Chamber’s Journal, was the
+only truly valuable paper on English names <i>en masse</i> that has appeared
+since he wrote.</p>
+
+<p>But little attention has been paid to the history of names. Why
+one should be popular and another forgotten, why one should flourish
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[4]</span>throughout an entire country, another in one section alone, and another
+around some petty district, has not, it would seem, been of sufficient
+importance to invite examination. History has answered some of these
+questions, genealogy others, and the patient tracing of patron saints,
+their relics, and their legends, many others. In this department of
+investigation, philology owes a lasting debt of gratitude to Charlotte
+M. Yonge, a well-known English authoress, who has had the time, the
+patience, the ability, for so herculean a task. A careful perusal of her
+work, while it shows a few defects, the results of preconceived notions
+and false reasoning, brings to the light of knowledge much that is
+valuable and important.</p>
+
+<p>The writer’s interest in the subject began with his study of the Irish
+language more than two decades ago. That interest has never wavered,
+but has gathered strength and force with the advancing years. A
+desire that his fellows should know something of the etymology and
+meanings of names, for few people have any other idea than that
+names, family names especially, are the results of chance, has led to
+the publication of this work. In its preparation he has drawn his facts
+from primitive sources. Few names, and these originally Christian in
+character, have been taken at second hand, but in most instances even
+these have been modified in derivation and meaning to adapt them to
+his conceptions of what the genius of the languages, from which they
+were drawn, would require. Bourke’s <i>Self-Instruction in Irish</i>, O’Reilly’s
+<i>Irish-English Dictionary</i>, Foley’s <i>English-Irish Dictionary</i>, and <i>The Irish
+Echo</i>, a monthly paper published in Boston, and devoted to Irish history
+and genealogies, are the sources from which have been obtained the
+facts for the Irish names. March’s <i>Comparative Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon
+Language</i>, March’s <i>Anglo-Saxon Reader</i>, and Bosworth’s <i>Anglo-Saxon
+and English Dictionary</i> have been invaluable so far as the Anglo-Saxon
+are concerned, and for the Anglo-Norman and Scotch considerable
+information has been gleaned from the writings of Chaucer,
+edited by Wright, from Percy’s <i>Reliques of Ancient English Poetry</i>, and
+from scores of other sources.</p>
+
+<p>It is not pretended that the list of names herein given is anything like
+complete. Hundreds of others could have been included, but they
+would only have augmented the size of the book beyond the author’s
+intention. He has endeavored to select names presumably familiar to
+English-speaking people, and to give their probable derivation and
+significance. The keen eye of the critic may detect some faults, for a
+work of this kind cannot necessarily be free from errors, either of judgment
+or wisdom, but it is to be hoped that the value of the work, as
+a vehicle of truth and information, may not materially be affected by
+reason of them.</p>
+
+<p class="right">THOMAS G. GENTRY.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, June 1, 1892.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[5]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdpg smaller">PAGE</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Preface</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PREFACE">3</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">From the Irish</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#FROM_THE_IRISH">7</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">History—The Celts</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#HISTORY-THE_CELTS">9</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Lessons in Irish</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#LESSONS_IN_IRISH">13</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Names—Their Derivation</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#IRISH_NAMES">18</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">From the Anglo-Saxon</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#FROM_THE_ANGLO-SAXON">51</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">History—Jutes, Saxons, Angles</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#HISTORY-JUTES_SAXONS_ANGLES">53</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Lessons in Anglo-Saxon</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#LESSONS_IN_ANGLO-SAXON">57</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Names—Their Derivation</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#ANGLO-SAXON_NAMES">65</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">From the Anglo-Norman</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#FROM_THE_ANGLO-NORMAN">171</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">History—Norman Conquest</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#HISTORY-NORMAN_CONQUEST">173</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Anglo-Norman Language</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#ANGLO-NORMAN_LANGUAGE">175</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Names—Their Derivation</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#ANGLO-NORMAN_NAMES">180</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">From the Scotch</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#FROM_THE_SCOTCH">189</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">History—The Scot</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#HISTORY-THE_SCOT">191</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Scotch—as it now Exists</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#SCOTCH-AS_IT_NOW_EXISTS">195</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Names—Their Derivation</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#SCOTCH_NAMES">197</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Addenda et Corrigienda</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#ADDENDA_ET_CORRIGIENDA">208</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[6]</span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="FROM_THE_IRISH"><span class="smcap">From the Irish.</span></h2>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="HISTORY-THE_CELTS">HISTORY—THE CELTS.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Careful study and research have enabled philologists to
+establish a system of linguistic classification. They have
+given us such families as the Chinese, the Polynesian, the
+Scythian, the Semitic, and others; and above them all the
+great Indo-European Family, which comprehends ten
+members—three Asiatic and seven European.</p>
+
+<p>Seven of these ten families have long been recognized,
+namely: Iranian, or Ancient and Modern Persian; Indian,
+or Sanskrit, used in Hindostan; Hellenic—Ancient and
+Modern Greek; Italic, that is, the Latin and its descendants—Italian,
+Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provençal, Rheto-Romanic,
+and Wallachian; Slavonic, preëminently the
+Russian; Celtic, or Keltic, made up of the Cymric and the
+Gaelic; Teutonic, subdivided into Gothic, Scandinavian,
+High German, and Low German. Into the Low German
+the English falls. Recent scholars have added to these seven
+the Lithuanian, Armenian, and Albanian, making ten in all.</p>
+
+<p>So unlike are these languages now, that it was not suspected
+until this century that they were once the same speech
+spoken by a people dwelling together long enough to build
+up a respectable vocabulary and a common language. The
+home of this mother-tribe is involved in obscurity. Conjecture,
+at one time, placed it upon the high table-land of
+Eastern Persia. Recent surmise, principally German, locates
+it in Germany, in Scandinavia, in Russia just north of the
+Caucasus mountains. When, and in what order, the migrations
+took place is also conjectural. That great migrations
+did occur, and that each migrating horde carried along with it
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span>the parent speech, is no longer questioned. Strong authorities
+make it credible that the Celtic tribes were the first to abandon
+the old homestead and seek their fortunes in new and strange
+lands.</p>
+
+<p>Of this people, the Celts, when first they appear upon the
+historical horizon, some prefatory remarks are needed. They
+occupied the Spanish Peninsula, Gaul when conquered by
+Cæsar, and Britain, when visited by him in 55 and 54 B. C.
+In Britain, they were divided into many tribes, and were
+seldom known to unite in a common cause. They lived in
+houses hollowed out of the hills, built with low stone walls,
+thatched with reeds and straw, and lighted only by the door.
+Their dress consisted of the tunic and short trousers. Fruits,
+milk, flesh, and grain bruised and baked, constituted their
+food. They manufactured earthenware, war chariots, arrows,
+the sword, the spear, the battle-axe, and the shield, burned
+or buried their dead, tattooed their bodies, and were largely
+controlled by their priests. The latter—the <i>druids</i>—monopolized
+the learning, took to themselves supreme authority,
+settled all disputes, civil and criminal, and were exempt from
+taxation and all public duties.</p>
+
+<p>No determined resistance was offered by the Celts to
+Roman occupancy of Britain, for, under Agricola, the Romans
+had by 84 A. D., conquered as far north as the Firth of
+Forth, which they joined to the river Clyde by the wall of
+Antoninus. Subsequently, they built as additional protection
+against the Picts, the noted wall of Severus, sometimes called
+Hadrian’s wall, which united the Solway and the Tyne. No
+attempt of a thorough conquest of the island was made by
+the Romans, but with their headquarters at Eboracum, now
+York, they held it by a chain of fortified posts, whose site is
+now mainly indicated by towns with names terminating in
+<i>chester</i>, <i>cester</i> or <i>caster</i>—modifications of the Latin <i>castra</i>, a
+camp. These posts the Romans connected by broad and
+straight military roads over which their legions could readily
+march.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span></p>
+
+<p>Roman aggrandizement was of primary importance. Taxes
+were levied on arable land, on pasture land, and on fruits, and
+duties were exacted at the ports. Agriculture was fostered,
+and large quantities of grain exported to Rome. But the
+imperial city whose empire was so wide, and whose armies
+were mostly composed of conscripts from subjugated people,
+and led by generals of their own blood, was threatened by
+invading hordes, and was compelled to withdraw her legions
+for home defense. By 420 the soldiers had all been withdrawn,
+and the Celts were themselves once more. But their
+freedom and rejoicing were of short continuance. A more
+formidable invasion than that of the Roman followed, and by
+the middle of the fifth century they were the slaves of the
+Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the withdrawal of the Roman legions from Britain,
+the unsubdued Picts and Scots of the north attacked the
+Celts of the south, who had been subjects of Roman oppression.
+Whether the assailed Britons detached the Gothic
+tribes from an alliance with the Picts and Scots, and turned
+them against their former allies; whether, without having
+been in league with them, the strangers came from their home
+beyond the North Sea to help beat back the Picts and Scots;
+or whether, tempted by the fertile soil, they came on their
+own account, we may never know; but one thing is certain,
+that they came, and that they came never to go away. Their
+coming is of weighty significance, for they became the basis
+of the English nation, and their speech the parent of the
+English language.</p>
+
+<p>The unconquered Celts of the west and north spoke their
+own tongue—the Celtic—while that of the conquered portion
+was overwhelmingly the language of the conquerors, and was
+called the Anglo-Saxon. It was not, however, entirely pure,
+for some few Celtic words had unavoidably entered it. The
+names for the rivers, lakes, hills and mountains, given by the
+Celts, clung pertinaciously to these objects, and are found
+with the English of the present day. Throughout the whole
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span>of England there is hardly a river-name that is not Celtic.
+<i>Avon</i>, Celtic for <i>water</i>, occurs as the name of fourteen
+English rivers upon our maps. <i>Esk</i>, of like meaning, designates
+more than twenty, and has also entered into the names
+of towns, as in <i>Ax</i>minster, <i>Ex</i>eter, <i>Ox</i>ford, and <i>Ux</i>bridge.
+<i>Cam</i>, <i>Humber</i>, <i>Ouse</i>, <i>Thames</i>, and <i>Wye</i>, and many other river-names,
+are Celtic. <i>Pen</i>, or <i>Ben</i>, Celtic for <i>mountain</i>, is seen
+in the name for the range called <i>Pen</i>nine, in that of the hills
+called <i>Pen</i>tland, and in <i>Ben</i>-Nevis and <i>Ben</i>-Lomond. <i>Dun</i>,
+a hill-fortress, is found in <i>Dum</i>barton, <i>Dun</i>dee, <i>Dun</i>keld.
+Hundreds of other Celtic words can be observed on almost any
+map of England, and, indeed, on the maps of Spain, France,
+Italy, Switzerland, and Germany. The names of the rivers
+Rhine, Rhone, Garonne, and Seine are Celtic. Italy is Celtic
+for “beautiful region,” and German for “rough man.” Besides
+the numerous geographical names of Europe that are traceable
+to this language, such common names as <i>camel</i>, <i>clock</i>,
+<i>comma</i>, <i>fodder</i>, <i>gun</i>, <i>snake</i>, and <i>whiskey</i>, owe to it their origin,
+not to mention scores of well-known family names of every-day
+occurrence.</p>
+
+<p>The remains of the Celtic language are still to be found in
+the Welsh, the Gaelic of the Scottish Highlands, the Erse
+or Irish, and the Manx of the Isle of Man.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="LESSONS_IN_IRISH">LESSONS IN IRISH.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Irish Letters—Their Sounds.</span></h4>
+
+<p>There are seventeen letters in the Irish Alphabet, of which
+five are vowels, the remaining twelve being consonants.
+Their correspondents in English are <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>c</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>f</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>m</i>,
+<i>n</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>p</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>s</i>, <i>t</i>, and <i>u</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The designation of the letters by their Irish names, <i>Ailm</i>,
+<i>Beith</i>, etc., which is only a convenient contrivance for distinguishing
+them from those of other languages, has been
+purposely omitted, partly because they are, at present, seldom
+or never called by their appellations, and partly because there
+is often danger in mistaking the names for the sounds of the
+letters.</p>
+
+<p>Regarding the pronunciation of Irish letters, and of the
+Gaelic language generally, the fullest and most open enunciation
+is required. The vowels must be sounded as in Italian
+or French; the consonants, as in German or Spanish. This
+open, full sounding of the letters enables foreigners to learn
+to speak Irish more correctly and more readily than English-speaking
+people; for, of all spoken languages, the pronunciation
+of the English is the most opposite to that of Irish.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Sounds of the Consonants.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The letters <i>b</i>, <i>f</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>p</i>, and <i>r</i>, except when aspirated, are
+sounded like their English analogues. <i>C</i> is never at all pronounced
+like <i>s</i> or <i>ch</i> soft, but always hard like <i>k</i>; <i>d</i>, like <i>dh</i>;
+<i>g</i> hard, as in <i>get</i>; and <i>l</i>, generally, like the first <i>l</i> in William.</p>
+
+<p>More variable, however, is <i>s</i>. Before or after the vowels
+<i>e</i> or <i>i</i>, it is most generally sounded like <i>sh</i>, there being but a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span>single exception to the rule, and this occurs in the word <i>is</i>—the
+third person singular present indicative of the assertive
+form of the verb <i>to be</i>, which is pronounced <i>is</i>, and not <i>ish</i>.
+Before or after <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, it takes simply the sound of <i>s</i> in
+<i>soon</i>, the demonstrative pronoun <i>so</i>, this, being in Connaught,
+where it is pronounced <i>sho</i>, the only exception.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Sounds of the Vowels.</span></h4>
+
+<p><i>A</i> long, as in <i>wâll</i>, has the broad sound as in English; <i>a</i>
+short, that of a in <i>băt</i>. There is a third sound, very common
+in the South and West of Ireland, corresponding to the
+sound of <i>a</i> in <i>whät</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>E</i> long is sounded as in <i>whêre</i>, <i>e</i> short, as in <i>whĕn</i>; <i>i</i> long,
+as <i>ee</i> in <i>pîque</i>, <i>i</i> short, as in <i>pĭck</i>; <i>o</i> long, as in <i>tōld</i>, <i>o</i> short
+as in <i>gŏt</i>; <i>u</i> long, as in <i>rūle</i>, <i>u</i> short, as in <i>fûll</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Vowels are divided into <i>broad</i> and <i>slender</i>. The <i>broad</i> are
+<i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>; the <i>slender</i> are <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Union of Vowels, and their Sounds.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Two vowels coming together constitute a <i>diphthong</i>; three,
+a <i>triphthong</i>. In Irish there are <i>thirteen</i> diphthongs and <i>five</i>
+triphthongs. Of the former, <i>six</i> are always long, or naturally
+so, and the remainder naturally short, but becoming long
+when accented. The long diphthongs, as they are invariably
+long, require no accent. The <i>seven</i> short need the presence
+of this character to show that their sound is, in the case so
+designated, to be pronounced long.</p>
+
+<p>The long diphthongs are:—<i>ae</i>, <i>ao</i>, <i>eo</i>, <i>eu</i>, <i>ia</i>, and <i>ua</i>.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Sounds of the Six Long Diphthongs.</span></h4>
+
+<p><i>Ae</i> is sounded like <i>ae</i> in the Latin word <i>Musæ</i>; <i>ao</i>, usually
+like <i>ee</i> in <i>queer</i>, except in Munster where it has the sound of
+the first <i>e</i> in <i>there</i>; <i>eo</i>, like <i>eo</i> in the proper noun <i>Keon</i>; <i>eu</i>,
+long, like <i>ai</i> in <i>wail</i>; <i>ia</i>, like <i>ee</i> in <i>teem</i>; <i>ua</i>, like <i>ooe</i> in
+<i>wooer</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span></p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Sounds of the Seven Short Diphthongs.</span></h4>
+
+<p><i>Ai</i>, accented, is equivalent to the sound of <i>awi</i> in the
+English word <i>sawing</i>, being nothing more than the combined
+sounds <i>â</i> and <i>ĭ</i>; <i>ai</i>, not accented, has the sound of <i>ai</i> in the
+French <i>taille</i>, cut, and is hard to be learned by an English-speaking
+student; <i>ea</i>, accented, is sounded like <i>ea</i> in <i>swear</i>,
+unaccented, like the same letters in <i>heart</i>; <i>ei</i>, accented, like <i>ei</i>
+in <i>deign</i>, unaccented, like <i>e</i> in <i>den</i>; <i>io</i>, accented, like <i>ee</i> in
+<i>green</i>, unaccented, like <i>i</i> in <i>grin</i>; <i>iu</i>, accented, like <i>iew</i> in
+<i>review</i>, unaccented, like <i>oo</i> in <i>blood</i>; <i>oi</i>, accented, like <i>oi</i> in
+<i>boil</i>, unaccented, like <i>u</i> in <i>shut</i>; <i>ui</i>, like <i>ui</i> in <i>fruit</i>, unaccented,
+like <i>ui</i> in <i>quiet</i>.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Triphthongs, and their Sounds.</span></h4>
+
+<p>All the triphthongs—<i>aoi</i>, <i>eoi</i>, <i>iai</i>, <i>iui</i>, <i>uai</i>—are pronounced
+long, and differ but little in their sounds from those of the
+long diphthongs from which they are formed. They differ
+mainly in two particulars—first, in a slight prolongation of
+the diphthongal sound; secondly, in imparting to the immediately
+succeeding consonant, on account of its nearness to
+the slender vowel <i>i</i>, a liquid, slender sound, which it would
+not otherwise receive. <i>Aoi</i> is sounded like <i>uee</i> in <i>Queen</i>;
+<i>iai</i>, like the diphthong <i>ia</i> (<i>ee</i>), except that the final <i>i</i> gives
+to the consonant that follows a slender or liquid sound; <i>iui</i>,
+like <i>eeyu</i>, sounds that cannot be represented in English, as
+heard in the Irish word <i>ciuin</i>, pronounced <i>keeyuin</i>, in one
+syllable.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Aspirated Consonants.</span></h4>
+
+<p>We come now to consider the twelve Irish consonants.
+Of these consonants—<i>l</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>r</i>—never alter their primitive or
+radical sounds. The remaining nine do change their radical
+sounds to those of cognate nature.</p>
+
+<p>This change, arising from a rough breathing after the
+vowel sound, is properly called <i>aspiration</i>, as it merely
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span>modifies, rather than destroys, as is sometimes erroneously supposed,
+the sound of the consonant. The notation for the
+aspirate is indicated by an accent (´) or <i>h</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ṕ</i> (asp.) is equivalent to <i>ph</i> or <i>f</i>. <i>B́</i>, before or after <i>e</i> or <i>i</i>,
+to <i>v</i>; but before or after <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, to <i>w</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ḿ</i>, before or after <i>e</i> or <i>i</i>, to <i>v</i>; before or after <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, to <i>w</i>,
+with a slightly nasal sound.</p>
+
+<p><i>F́</i> is usually silent; in some words, however, it has the
+sound of <i>h</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ć</i>, like <i>ch</i> in <i>och</i>, or the Greek letter <i>chee</i>. Before <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, or
+<i>u</i> it has the former sound, which is that of the German <i>ch</i>;
+but before <i>e</i> or <i>i</i>, it invariably takes the latter sound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ǵ</i>, in the beginning of a word, if before the vowels <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>,
+has the guttural sound <i>gh</i>; but before <i>e</i> or <i>i</i>, it is sounded
+like <i>y</i>. At the end, or in the middle of words, it has no
+other power than that of prolonging the sound of the preceding
+vowel.</p>
+
+<p><i>D́</i> has a thick, guttural sound, very analogous to <i>g</i>. In
+the beginning of a word, before <i>e</i> or <i>i</i>, it has exactly the
+sound of <i>y</i>; but in the middle, or at the end, it has the force
+of <i>g</i>, that is, it merely lengthens the sound of the preceding
+vowel or diphthong.</p>
+
+<p><i>T́</i> loses its power as a consonant, and has the force of <i>h</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ś</i> has the sound of <i>k</i>; <i>s</i>, final, is never aspirated.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Derivative Nouns.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Derivative Nouns in Irish are <i>personal</i> or <i>abstract</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Personal Nouns end in <i>ōir</i>, <i>aire</i>, <i>ai</i>, <i>aid́</i>, and are produced
+from primitive nouns, or past participles.</p>
+
+<p>The terminations <i>ōir</i>, <i>aire</i>, are supposed to be broken forms
+of the word <i>fear</i>, pronounced <i>fär</i>, a man. If so, then <i>fear</i>
+must be considered as the root of the Latin ending <i>or</i>, and
+of the English suffix <i>er</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Abstract Nouns terminate in <i>as</i> or <i>eas</i>, masculine; in <i>aćt</i>,
+feminine; or in the genitive case singular feminine of
+adjectives.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span></p>
+
+<p>Diminutives are formed from nouns and adjectives, and
+end in <i>an</i>, masculine; in <i>în</i>, masculine or feminine; in <i>ōg</i>,
+feminine.</p>
+
+<p>Many words that are not diminutives end in <i>an</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Other words terminating in <i>an</i>, from <i>tan</i>, time, or from
+<i>tain</i>, possessions, are of this class. <i>Iat́</i>, a region, a territory,
+is, in its fragmentary form <i>ia</i>, the termination of almost all
+the Latin names of places that have that ending.</p>
+
+<p>From the active signification of the ending <i>ać</i>, and from
+the meaning of the term <i>neać</i>, an individual, an agent, of
+which <i>ać</i> is apparently a mere fragment, adjectives with this
+suffix become personal nouns, and as such are expressive of
+office, action, or individuality.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Sounds of Certain Terminations.</span></h4>
+
+<p>In Connaught, final <i>ead́</i> is pronounced like <i>oo</i> in English;
+in Munster, like <i>a</i>. As the final syllable of the imperfect
+tense of verbs, it is pronounced incorrectly in Munster, and
+in some districts in the southern parts of Connaught, like
+guttural <i>agh</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Generally, <i>ad́</i> final, in words of two or more syllables, is
+pronounced like <i>ead́</i>; in Munster, like unaccented <i>a</i>; and,
+in Connaught and Ulster, like English <i>oo</i>. But in words of
+one syllable and their compounds, however, the Munster
+pronunciation is not only adopted in the South, but also in
+the West and North of Ireland.</p>
+
+<p>In Kilkenny, Waterford, and Tipperary, the diphthongs <i>ea</i>,
+<i>io</i>, and sometimes <i>iu</i>, are incorrectly pronounced like <i>ow</i> on
+coming before <i>l</i>, <i>m</i>, and <i>n</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In the words <i>bean</i>, a woman, <i>bard</i>, a poet, and <i>bord</i>, a table,
+the initial consonant <i>b</i>, when not preceded by the possessive
+pronouns singular, is not aspirated. Put, however, these
+pronouns, excepting the feminine, before the same words, and
+<i>b</i> immediately assumes the aspirate sound; that is, it is pronounced
+like <i>v</i>, if <i>e</i> or <i>i</i> follow, and like <i>w</i>, if <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, or <i>u</i> follow.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="IRISH_NAMES">NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4>A.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Adaire.</i> <i>A</i> for <i>an</i>, the; <i>dair</i>, oak. The oak; hence,
+strong, powerful, robust. <i>Adare</i>, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aincy.</i> <i>Ain</i>, a circle; <i>neać</i>, corrupted into <i>ey</i>, an individual,
+an agent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aitken.</i> <i>Ait</i>, pleasure, fancifulness; <i>ceann</i>, head. Mental
+delight.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alncy.</i> <i>Aluin</i>, beautiful; <i>neać</i>, an individual. A pleasing
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arran.</i> <i>Ara</i>, kidney; <i>an</i> for <i>tan</i>, land, riches, possessions
+in land or stock. Land of the kidney.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ardry.</i> <i>Ard</i>, chief; <i>riǵ</i> (<i>ree</i>), king. Head king or ruler.
+<i>Awrdry</i>, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<h4>B.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Baine.</i> <i>Baine</i>, milk, from the adjective <i>bân</i>, white. Milk.
+Bain, contracted from the original name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baile.</i> <i>Bâile</i>, a town, a village.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bailey.</i> <i>Bâile</i>, a town; <i>lać</i>, a broken form of <i>lućt</i>, folk,
+people. Resident of a town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baird.</i> <i>Bârd</i>, genitive <i>baird</i>, a poet. Offspring of a Celtic
+minstrel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ball.</i> <i>Bâll</i>, a member; one of a community, society, or
+association. Baull has the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ballantyne.</i> <i>Bâile</i>, a town; <i>an</i>, of the; <i>tan</i> or <i>tain</i>, land,
+region. The town of the region.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bannigan.</i> <i>Baine</i>, milk; <i>gan</i>, offspring, descendant. One
+nourished from infancy upon milk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bannon.</i> <i>Bân</i>, white; <i>on</i> for <i>an</i>, a termination indicative
+of personality. A pale-faced person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barmore.</i> <i>Bârr</i>, top, summit, swelling tide, head; <i>muir</i>,
+the sea, genitive <i>mâra</i>, of the sea. Swelling tide of the sea.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Barney.</i> <i>Bârr</i>, head; <i>neać</i>, an individual. A leader.
+Perhaps, the equivalent of <i>bairneać</i>, a limpet, because found
+on tops (<i>bârr</i>) of rocks when the tide has ebbed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barr.</i> <i>Bârr</i>, top, summit, head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barret.</i> <i>Bârr</i>, head; <i>aid́</i>, a suffix expressive of a personal
+noun. Manager; superintendent; leader.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barry.</i> <i>Bârr</i>, top; <i>aid́</i>, indicative of personality; originally,
+<i>barraid́</i>. One at the summit; a man of eminence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baugh.</i> Possibly a corruption of <i>beać</i>, pronounced <i>bäch</i>,
+a bee.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beahney.</i> <i>Beat́a</i>, life; <i>neać</i>, an agent. A living being.</p>
+
+<p><i>Benaugh.</i> <i>Biad́</i>, food; <i>neać</i>, an individual. One who
+provides food; a victualler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Benner.</i> <i>Benn</i>, a mountain; <i>er</i>, a contraction for <i>fear</i>, a
+man. A mountaineer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Binney.</i> <i>Binn</i>, harmonious; <i>neać</i>, an individual. An
+agreeable person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bourke.</i> Irish for Burke.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bowan.</i> Possibly from <i>buan</i>, lasting, enduring.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bower.</i> <i>Bod́ar</i>, pronounced <i>bower</i>, deaf.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brattan.</i> <i>Brat</i>, a cloak; <i>an</i>, expressing personality. A
+cloak-wearer; a clergyman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Breen.</i> <i>Braon</i>, pronounced <i>breen</i>, a drop.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brennan.</i> <i>Breun</i>, fetid; <i>an</i>, expressive of personality.
+An offensive person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Britain.</i> <i>Brith</i>, painted, speckled; <i>tain</i>, country. The
+country of the painted inhabitants.</p>
+
+<p><i>Britt.</i> <i>Brith</i>, painted. A painted person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brock.</i> <i>Broc</i>, a badger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brodie.</i> <i>Brōd́</i>, pride, pleasure; <i>aid́</i>, implying personality.
+An arrogant person; a voluptuary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brogan.</i> <i>Bro</i>, a hand-mill; <i>gan</i>, offspring. Offspring of
+a hand-mill.</p>
+
+<h4>C.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Cabell.</i> <i>Cab</i>, the mouth; <i>aille</i>, the genitive of <i>aill</i>, a cliff.
+The mouth of the cliff.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Cahal.</i> In Irish <i>Cat́al</i>, from <i>cat́</i>, pronounced <i>cah</i>, battle;
+<i>al</i>, support. Help in battle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caham.</i> <i>Cat́</i>, battle; <i>am</i>, time. Hour of battle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cahey.</i> <i>Cat́</i>, battle; <i>ać</i> for <i>neać</i>, a person; possibly, <i>cat́ać</i>,
+in the original. A warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cahill.</i> <i>Cat́</i>, battle; <i>aill</i>, a cliff. A battle-cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Callan.</i> <i>Caillin</i>, a girl; or, perhaps, from <i>calla</i>, a hooded
+cloak; <i>an</i>, a personal suffix. The wearer of a hooded cloak;
+a nun. Sometimes written Callen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Camm.</i> <i>Cam</i>, crooked, bent, curved.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cameron.</i> <i>Cuimir</i>, a valley; <i>on</i> for <i>an</i>, small. A small
+valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Camsuile.</i> <i>Cam</i>, bending; <i>suile</i>, genitive of <i>suil</i>, eye.
+Bending of eye.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cangan.</i> <i>Cean</i>, pronounced <i>cahn</i>, fondness; <i>gan</i>, offspring.
+Child of fondness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cann.</i> <i>Cean</i>, fondness, affection, esteem, regard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cannon.</i> <i>Cean</i>, affection; <i>on</i> for <i>an</i>, personal suffix. An
+affectionate person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cannavan.</i> <i>Cean</i>, affection; <i>a b́ean</i>, of his woman. Fondness
+of his woman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caird.</i> <i>Cara</i>, a friend, genitive <i>carad</i>, plural <i>cairde</i>, friends.
+Carde, only another form of the word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carey.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; <i>aid́</i>, a personal suffix. One that is dear,
+or beloved.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carlin.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; <i>lin</i>, a marsh; a swamp. A highly
+valuable bog.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carlyle.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; <i>lile</i>, lily. Beloved lily.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carmack.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; <i>mac</i>, son. Dear son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carmichael.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; Michael, a Hebrew word signifying
+“who is like God.” Dear Michael. In Irish, Michael
+is written <i>Mićeal</i>, the genitive of which is <i>Mićil</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carney.</i> <i>Carn</i>, a heap of stones; <i>neać</i>, personal suffix;
+originally written, doubtless, <i>Car-neać</i>. A quarryman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carrell.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; <i>aill</i>, a cliff. Beloved cliff. Carruill,
+the primitive form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span></p>
+
+<p id="Carrick"><i>Carrick.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; <i>riǵ</i>, a king. A dear king. Possibly,
+from <i>carraic</i>, a rock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carson.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; Anglo-Saxon <i>sun</i>, a son. A beloved
+son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carthy.</i> <i>Car</i>, dear; <i>tir</i>, pronounced <i>teer</i>, a country; <i>ać</i>
+for <i>neać</i>, an individual; originally <i>Cartać</i>. A beloved countryman.
+Carty, corruption of the original.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ceiort.</i> <i>Ceirt</i>, a question.</p>
+
+<p><i>Claney.</i> <i>Clê</i>, left-handed; <i>neać</i>, individual. Left-handed
+individual.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cloonan.</i> <i>Cluan</i>, a retreat; <i>an</i>, a person. One who lives
+in a retreat; a hermit; an anchorite. Clunen, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cloonas.</i> <i>Cluan</i>, a retreat, a cloister; Anglo-Saxon <i>sun</i>, a
+son. A monk; one who lives in a monastery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clough.</i> <i>Cloć</i>, a stone. Cluff, Anglicised form of the
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clune.</i> <i>Cluan</i>, a retreat. A sequestered spot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coile.</i> <i>Coill</i>, wood. Coyle, a modified form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Colahan.</i> <i>Col</i>, kindred; <i>leat́an</i>, wide. Large kindred;
+wide circle of relations.</p>
+
+<p><i>Colgan.</i> <i>Col</i>, kin; <i>gan</i>, a descendant. Near relative.</p>
+
+<p><i>Colman.</i> <i>Colman</i>, a pigeon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Conley.</i> <i>Conn</i>, of heroes; <i>lać</i>, people. Nation of heroes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Connell.</i> <i>Conn</i>, of heroes; <i>aill</i>, a cliff. A rampart of
+brave men; a cliff of heroes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Connaught.</i> <i>Connaćt</i>, in the original, from <i>conn</i>, of heroes;
+<i>aćt</i> a termination, like <i>tas</i> in Latin, or <i>tion</i> in French or
+English. Having the quality of heroes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Connor.</i> <i>Conn</i>, of heroes; <i>cub́ar</i>, fond of. Fond of
+heroes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Corbin.</i> <i>Cor</i>, a knot, a union; <i>binn</i>, harmonious. A
+happy union; a joyous wedlock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Corbitt.</i> <i>Cor</i>, a knot; <i>bit́</i>, life. Wedlock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Corley.</i> <i>Cor</i>, a knot; <i>lać</i>, people. United people.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Connell.</i> <i>Conn</i>, of heroes; <i>aill</i>, a cliff, a wall. A close,
+compact body of heroes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cornell.</i> <i>Corn</i>, horny; <i>uille</i>, an elbow. An elbow inflexible
+as horn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cornwall.</i> <i>Corn</i>, a goblet, a drinking-cup, a tumbler, so
+called because in ancient times drinking-cups were commonly
+made of horn (<i>corn</i>); <i>aill</i>, a cliff. The horny cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cowel.</i> <i>Coćal</i>, a hood, a cowel, a vestment. Or, perhaps,
+from <i>cuać</i>, hollow; <i>fal</i>, a cover. A hood, or hollow cover.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cowgill</i>. <i>Coḿ</i>, together; <i>giolla</i>, a servant. Co-laborer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Craig.</i> <i>Cre</i>, creed; <i>ać</i>, an individual. A churchman; the
+possessor of a creed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cravin.</i> <i>Craob́</i>, a branch; <i>in</i>, denoting small. A branchlet;
+a twig.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cree.</i> <i>Cre</i>, creed, earth, the symbol of faith.</p>
+
+<p><i>Creegan.</i> <i>Cre</i>, creed; <i>gan</i>, offspring. An inheritor of a
+creed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Creagh.</i> <i>Cre</i>, creed, earth; <i>ać</i>, an agent. Teacher of a
+creed; cultivator of the earth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Creen.</i> <i>Crion</i>, pronounced <i>creen</i>, withered, palsied.</p>
+
+<p><i>Creenan.</i> <i>Crion</i>, withered; <i>an</i>, personal suffix. A palsied
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cromwell.</i> <i>Crom</i>, crooked; <i>aill</i>, a cliff. A crooked cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cronin.</i> <i>Coroin</i>, a crown; <i>in</i>, implying diminutiveness. A
+coronet; a small crown.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crowley.</i> <i>Crod́a</i>, pronounced <i>crowya</i>, brave; <i>lać</i>, people.
+Magnanimous people.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crupp.</i> <i>Crup</i>, a wrinkle, a contraction.</p>
+
+<p><i>Currie.</i> <i>Curam</i>, care (applied in Irish to all over whom
+one has charge); <i>lać</i>, an agent. A supervisor; a superintendent;
+a manager. Curry, the commoner form of the
+name.</p>
+
+<h4>D.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Daley.</i> <i>Dall</i>, blind; <i>eać</i>, individual. Blind person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dall.</i> <i>Dâll</i>, blind, sightless.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dana.</i> <i>Dana</i>, strong, powerful, mighty; bold, daring.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Darr.</i> <i>Daor</i>, pronounced <i>deer</i>, dear, condemned.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darra.</i> <i>Daor</i>, dear; <i>a</i>, contraction of <i>neać</i>, an individual.
+A person of wealth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darragh.</i> Same derivation as Darra. In certain parts of
+Ireland, <i>ać</i> is pronounced <i>agh</i>, or <i>ach</i>. Darrach is an apt
+illustration of the latter sound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dearr.</i> <i>Daor</i>, dear. Perhaps in Darr, Darrach, etc., the
+<i>e</i>, in the course of time, has been dropped for the sake of
+brevity, or to satisfy the whims of the possessors of those
+names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Deaver.</i> Originally <i>Duib́ir</i>, from <i>dub́</i>, black; <i>ir</i>, man. A
+dark-complexioned man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Deegan.</i> <i>De</i>, of God; <i>gan</i>, an offspring. Son of God.
+Degan has the same signification.</p>
+
+<p><i>Deor.</i> <i>Daor</i>, dear.</p>
+
+<p id="Dermod"><i>Dermod.</i> Originally <i>Diarmoid</i>, from <i>Dia</i>, God; <i>armoid</i>,
+of arms. God of arms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dermott.</i> See <a href="#Dermod">Dermod</a> for derivation. So intimately related
+are the dentals <i>t</i> and <i>d</i>, that it is not at all unreasonable
+that they should be interchangeable.</p>
+
+<p><i>Derr.</i> <i>Dair</i>, an oak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Devlin.</i> <i>Dub́</i>, black; <i>linn</i>, a marsh, a swamp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dill.</i> <i>Dill</i>, fond, affectionate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dinnan.</i> <i>Dion</i>, protection; <i>an</i>, implying a person. A
+protegé.</p>
+
+<p><i>Donahugh.</i> <i>Dona</i>, unhappy, bad, evil; <i>Hugh</i>, the Dutch
+for spirit. An evil spirit; an unhappy disposition.</p>
+
+<p><i>Donegan.</i> <i>Dona</i>, unhappy; <i>gan</i>, offspring. An unhappy
+child.</p>
+
+<p id="Donnell"><i>Donnell.</i> <i>Doḿnać</i>, Sunday, <i>aille</i>, of beauty. The Sunday
+of beauty. Perhaps, Irish for Daniel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dooner.</i> <i>Dun</i>, a fort, a stronghold; <i>er</i> for <i>fear</i>, a man.
+The defender of a fort.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dooley.</i> <i>Duil</i>, expectation; <i>eać</i>, an individual. A sanguine
+person.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Dornan.</i> <i>Dorn</i>, a clenched fist; <i>an</i>, denoting personality.
+A pugilist.</p>
+
+<p><i>Duff.</i> <i>Dub́</i>, pronounced <i>dubh</i> or <i>duv</i>, black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Duffy.</i> <i>Dub́</i>, black; <i>eać</i>, an individual. A black person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunbarton.</i> <i>Dun</i>, a stronghold; <i>barton</i>, a corruption of
+<i>Britain</i>. A stronghold of the Britain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunaghan.</i> <i>Dun</i>, a stronghold; <i>a</i> for <i>an</i>, of the; <i>gean</i>,
+affection. A stronghold of the affection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Duncan.</i> <i>Dun</i>, a fort; <i>cean</i>, a head. The head of a fort;
+a chieftain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dungan.</i> Contraction of <i>Dungannon</i>, which, in Irish, is
+<i>Dungeanain</i>. From <i>dun</i>, a stronghold; <i>gein</i>, affection; <i>ain</i>,
+a land. A stronghold of the land of affection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunkin.</i> <i>Dun</i>, stronghold; <i>cinn</i>, genitive of <i>ceann</i>, head.
+The stronghold of the head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dundore.</i> <i>Dun</i>, stronghold, <i>de</i>, of; <i>oir</i>, gold. Stronghold
+of gold.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunmore.</i> <i>Dun</i>, the fort; <i>an</i>, of the; <i>oir</i>, gold; originally,
+<i>Dun-an-oir</i>. The fort of the gold.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunmoulin.</i> <i>Dun</i>, the fort; <i>muillin</i>, a mill. The fort of
+the mill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunn.</i> <i>Dun</i>, a fort, a stronghold, a castle, a hill, a mound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunpatrick.</i> <i>Dun</i>, stronghold; <i>Padruic</i>, Patrick. The
+stronghold of Patrick.</p>
+
+<h4>E.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Eagen.</i> See <a href="#Egan">Egan</a>. <i>Gen</i> is probably a corruption of <i>gan</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eagin</i>. See <a href="#Egan">Egan</a>. <i>Ginn</i> is the equivalent of <i>gan</i>.</p>
+
+<p id="Egan"><i>Egan.</i> <i>Aod́</i>, pronounced <i>eey</i>, Hugh; <i>gan</i>, offspring.
+Descendant of Hugh. <i>Aod́gan</i>, the original form. Eoghan,
+a corrupted phase of the word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eill.</i> <i>Eile</i>, <i>aile</i>, <i>oile</i>, another.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eire.</i> <i>Eire</i>, Ireland. Eyre, a slightly altered form of the
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eirey.</i> <i>Eire</i>, Ireland; <i>ać</i>, an individual. An Irishman; a
+native of Ireland.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Ennis.</i> <i>Inis</i>, an island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Erionnach.</i> Originally, <i>Eireannac</i>, equivalent to <i>Eire</i>, Ireland;
+<i>an</i> of; <i>nać</i>, an individual. Native of Ireland; an
+Irishman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ey.</i> <i>Ad́</i>, pronounced <i>ey</i>, luck, fortune, chance.</p>
+
+<h4>F.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Fadden.</i> Corruption of <i>Padruic</i>, Patrick. Patrician;
+nobleman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fagan.</i> <i>Fat́</i>, cause, reason; <i>gan</i>, offspring. Result;
+effect; consequence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fahan.</i> <i>Fat́</i>, a plain, a field; <i>an</i>, indicative of a person.
+A farmer; a cultivator of the earth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fahy.</i> <i>Fat́</i>, reason; <i>ać</i>, an individual. A reasoner; a
+logician.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farnell.</i> <i>Fearn</i>, a shield; <i>aille</i>, beautiful. A beautiful
+shield.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farnan.</i> <i>Fearn</i>, a helmet; <i>an</i>, person. One who carries
+a helmet; a warrior. Sometimes written Farnon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farne.</i> <i>Fearn</i>, a shield, genitive <i>fearne</i>. Belonging to a
+shield.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farney.</i> <i>Fearn</i>, a helmet; <i>eać</i>, an individual. A knight;
+a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fearn.</i> <i>Fearn</i>, a shield, a helmet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farr.</i> <i>Fear</i>, pronounced <i>far</i>, a man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Feenan.</i> <i>Fion</i>, pronounced <i>feen</i>, wine; <i>an</i>, a person.
+Wine-merchant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Feeney.</i> <i>Fion</i>, wine; <i>eać</i>, an agent. Wine-dealer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fei.</i> <i>Feit́</i>, pronounced <i>fāh</i>, a sinew.</p>
+
+<p><i>Feighan.</i> <i>Feit́</i>, a sinew; <i>an</i>, expressive of diminutiveness.
+A small sinew.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fenton.</i> <i>Fiontan</i>, perhaps, in the original, a vineyard;
+from <i>fion</i>, wine; <i>tan</i>, a land.</p>
+
+<p id="Fergus"><i>Fergus.</i> Originally, <i>Feargus</i>; from <i>fear</i>, a man; <i>gus</i>, a
+suffix denoting towards. One tending towards manhood; a
+youth.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Fernley.</i> <i>Fearn</i>, a helmet; <i>lać</i>, people. A warlike people.
+Fernly, a slightly abbreviated form of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Filmore.</i> <i>File</i>, a poet; <i>Muire</i>, Mary. A poet devoted to
+Mary; one that writes or sings of Mary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Finbar.</i> <i>Fionn</i>, pronounced <i>fin</i>, fair, white; <i>barr</i>, summit,
+head. A white summit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Finnley.</i> <i>Fionn</i>, fair; <i>lać</i>, people. Fair people.</p>
+
+<p><i>Finne.</i> <i>Fionn</i>, fair, white.</p>
+
+<p><i>Flinn.</i> <i>Fionn</i>, white; <i>linn</i>, a marsh, a swamp. In allusion,
+doubtless, to a summer array of white flowers. Flynn, the
+same word, in slightly altered garb.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fow.</i> <i>Foǵ</i>, reward, booty, spoil.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fowne.</i> <i>Fionn</i>, fair. In Tipperary, Waterford, and Kilkenny,
+<i>fionn</i> is pronounced <i>fown</i> and not <i>fin</i> as is the case
+generally in Ireland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fulmer.</i> <i>Feolmar</i>, jealous, envious of another’s fame, reputation,
+or glory.</p>
+
+<h4>G.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Gahn.</i> <i>Gean</i>, pronounced <i>gahn</i>, affection, esteem.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gall.</i> <i>Gall</i>, a foreigner, an Englishman, a stranger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Galligan.</i> <i>Gall</i>, genitive <i>gaill</i>, stranger; <i>gan</i>, offspring.
+Descendant of the stranger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gallagher.</i> <i>Geall</i>, promise; <i>geallać</i>, genitive <i>geallaiǵ</i>,
+promise; <i>er</i>, person. A person of promise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gallen.</i> <i>Geallan</i>, a linnet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Galloway.</i> Doubtless, same as Galway. In the original
+<i>Gailliḿ</i>, the town of the strangers.</p>
+
+<p><i>Garrett.</i> <i>Gearroid́</i>, from <i>gearr</i>, short; <i>aod́</i>, compounded
+of <i>aoi</i>, a being, and <i>De</i>, of God. An humble servant of God.</p>
+
+<p><i>Garrity.</i> <i>Gearroid́</i>, Garrett; <i>eać</i>, an agent. A representative
+of Garrett.</p>
+
+<p><i>Garvin.</i> <i>Garb́</i>, pronounced <i>garv</i>, rough, rude; <i>in</i>, indicative
+of personality. A rough, rude, or unlettered person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gaw.</i> <i>Gab́</i>, pronounced <i>gaw</i>, to conceive.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gear.</i> <i>Gearr</i>, short, not tall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gee.</i> <i>Aod́</i>, pronounced <i>eey</i>, Hugh.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Geir.</i> <i>Gair</i>, gladness, merriment, rejoicing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Geogh.</i> <i>Ge</i>, a goose; <i>ać</i>, an agent. One that acts like a
+goose; a silly person. Geough, Gough, of kindred origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Geugan.</i> <i>Geug</i>, a branch; <i>an</i>, a diminutive. A branchlet.
+Geugen, doubtless, earliest change from the ancient form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gilchrist.</i> <i>Giolla</i>, a servant, one devoted to another;
+<i>Criosd</i>, Christ. A servant of Christ; one devoted to
+Christianity.</p>
+
+<p id="Gill"><i>Gill.</i> <i>Giolla</i>, a servant, one devoted to another’s interests;
+a menial.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gilmartin.</i> <i>Giolla</i>, a servant; <i>martin</i>, Martin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gilmore.</i> Originally, <i>giolla—Muire</i>; <i>giolla</i>, a servant;
+<i>Muire</i>, Mary. One devoted to Mary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ginn.</i> <i>Ginn</i>, an offspring, a descendant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ginnelly.</i> <i>Ginn</i>, offspring; <i>aille</i>, of a cliff, the genitive of
+<i>aill</i>. The fruit of a cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glass.</i> <i>Glas</i>, green.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glassy.</i> <i>Glas</i>, green; <i>eać</i> an individual. An inexperienced
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gleason.</i> <i>Gle</i>, pure; <i>gleas</i>, purity; <i>on</i>, implying a person.
+A chaste person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glennessy.</i> <i>Glinn</i>, clear; <i>eas</i>, denoting quality, equivalent
+to <i>ness</i>; <i>y</i> for <i>neać</i>, an individual. A clear-sighted person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glenny.</i> <i>Glean</i>, a valley; <i>eać</i>, an individual. A dweller
+in a valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glinn.</i> <i>Glinn</i>, the bright heavens. Home of the Blessed.
+Glynn, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gorman.</i> <i>Gorm</i>, blue; <i>an</i>, expressive of person. A blue-eyed
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grane.</i> <i>Graine</i>, grain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Greany.</i> <i>Grian</i>, pronounced <i>green</i>, sun; <i>neać</i>, an agent.
+Sun-god.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grogan.</i> <i>Gruag</i>, hairy; <i>an</i>, denoting a person. A hairy
+person. Grugan, derivable from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Guill.</i> <i>Giolla</i>, a servant, a menial.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Guinan.</i> <i>Guin</i>, wound, hurt, sting, from <i>ga</i>, an arrow, and
+<i>an</i>, a circle, an opening; <i>an</i>, a personal suffix. A sufferer;
+a wounded man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Guinn.</i> <i>Guin</i>, an opening, a wound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Guiness.</i> Irish for Æneas, a corruption of <i>Mac Anǵuis</i>,
+which latter being the genitive of <i>Aonǵus</i>, pronounced <i>eny-as</i>,
+the equivalent of Angus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Guire.</i> Contraction of Maguire, which is traceable to <i>maǵ</i>,
+plain; <i>uire</i>, a contraction of <i>Muire</i>, Mary. Plain of Mary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gunn.</i> <i>Guin</i>, a wound, by dropping <i>i</i>, and doubling its
+final consonant, becomes the word under consideration.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gwin.</i> Anglicised form of Guin. Gwinn, Gwynn, and
+Gynn are referable to the same word.</p>
+
+<h4>H.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Hallahan.</i> <i>At́</i>, a ford; <i>leat́an</i>, wide. In Irish, pure and
+simple, the vowels are never aspirated, but in certain parts of
+Ireland, as before stated, the English habit prevails, as is
+attested to by the word under notice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heany.</i> Anglo-Saxon <i>hean</i>, humble; <i>neać</i>, an individual.
+An humble person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hinch.</i> <i>Leat́-inse</i>, from <i>leat́</i>, pronounced <i>leh</i>, half, and
+<i>inse</i>, pronounced <i>insh</i>, island, the final consonant of the first
+half of the word being carried over to the remaining portion:
+hence, Le Hinch, or the half-island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hugh.</i> <i>Aod́</i>, pronounced <i>eey</i>, is its Irish equivalent: in
+the Dutch, its parental language, it signifies mind, spirit.</p>
+
+<h4>I.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Innis.</i> <i>Inis</i>, an island. Innis is only another phase of
+the same word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ireland.</i> <i>Eire</i>, west, and <i>land</i>. West-land.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span></p>
+
+<h4>J.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Jarlath.</i> <i>Jarflait́</i>, from <i>iar</i>, inferior; <i>flait́</i>, a prince, a chief,
+one in rank next to a chieftain or prince. A feudatory
+prince.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jarley.</i> <i>Iar</i>, inferior; <i>lać</i>, people. Perhaps, derivable
+from <i>jarla</i>, an earl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jennings.</i> Corruption of <i>Mac Eonin</i>, which is compounded
+of <i>mac</i>, son; <i>Eonin</i>, young Owen, or John. Son of John.</p>
+
+<h4>K.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Kahn.</i> <i>Cean</i>, pronounced <i>kahn</i>, fondness, regard. Kahne,
+referable to the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kame.</i> <i>Ceim</i>, pronounced <i>kame</i>, step, grade, dignity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kane.</i> <i>Cain</i>, reproach, chaste, undefiled.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kean.</i> <i>Ciuin</i>, pronounced <i>keeyuin</i>, calm, gentle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kearney.</i> <i>Carn</i>, pronounced <i>karn</i>, a heap of stones; <i>cać</i>,
+an agent. So also Karney.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keefe.</i> <i>Caoiḿ</i>, pronounced <i>kueev</i>, gentle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keegan.</i> <i>Kee</i>, contraction of <i>Mac Aoid́</i>, son of Hugh; <i>gan</i>,
+offspring. Descendant of the son of Hugh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keenys.</i> <i>Ciuin</i>, gentle; <i>eas</i>, a termination expressive of
+quality. Gentleness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kelley.</i> <i>Cailleać</i>, a woman in a hood. The <i>calla</i> was
+generally worn by the old, and hence the term <i>cailleac</i> came
+to signify an old woman, a hag.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kenallay.</i> <i>Cineal</i>, pronounced <i>knawl</i>, a race, clan; <i>ać</i>, an
+individual. A clansman; one who belongs to a clan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kennard.</i> <i>Ceann</i>, pronounced <i>ken</i>, head; <i>ard</i>, top, summit.
+Top of the head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kenna.</i> <i>Ceanna</i>, genitive of <i>ceann</i>, belonging to the
+head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kent.</i> <i>Ceantir</i>, compounded of <i>ceann</i>, head; <i>tir</i>, country.
+Head of the country.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Kehoe.</i> <i>Ceo</i>, pronounced <i>keogh</i>, darkness. Keogh, similarly
+derived.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keohne.</i> <i>Ceo</i>, darkness; <i>ain</i>, a circle, genitive <i>aine</i>, of a
+circle. Darkness of the circle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keonen.</i> <i>Mac Eonin</i>, from <i>Mac</i>, son, and <i>Eonin</i>, young
+Owen. Son of young Owen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kevin.</i> <i>Caoiḿǵein</i>, from <i>caoiḿ</i>, gentle, and <i>gein</i>, an offspring.
+A gentle child.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kiernan.</i> <i>Ciaran</i>, from <i>ciar</i>, black; <i>an</i>, expressing personality,
+and indicative of a noun derived from an adjective.
+A black person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kilgore.</i> <i>Cill</i>, church; <i>gâir</i> rejoicing, merriment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kilbritain.</i> <i>Cill</i>, church; <i>Brith</i>, painted; <i>tain</i>, country.
+The church of the country of the painted inhabitants.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kineal.</i> <i>Cin</i>, of the head, source; <i>al</i>, offspring. Clan;
+class; race; progeny.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kincaid.</i> <i>Cionn</i>, affection, regard; <i>cead</i>, first. First love;
+earliest affection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kinkora.</i> <i>Cionn</i>, love; <i>cora</i>, genitive of <i>coir</i>, justice. Love
+of justice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kinnear.</i> <i>Cionn</i>, affection; <i>fear</i>, a man. An affectionate
+man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kinney.</i> <i>Cionn</i>, pronounced <i>kin</i>, esteem, regard; <i>neać</i>, an
+individual. A person of esteem. Kinnie, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirin.</i> <i>Ciaran</i>, from <i>ciar</i>, black; <i>an</i>, implying person. A
+black person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirwin.</i> <i>Ciard́ub́an</i>, a swarthy, black-haired person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Krean.</i> <i>Crion</i>, pronounced <i>kreen</i>, withered, palsied.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kueney.</i> <i>Ciuin</i>, gentle, mild; <i>neać</i>, an individual. A mild
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kynett.</i> <i>Cionn</i>, pronounced in certain parts <i>kynn</i>, affection;
+<i>aid́</i>, sign of a personal noun. An affectionate person.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span></p>
+
+<h4>L.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Langdon.</i> <i>Loing</i>, of ships; <i>dion</i>, a harbor. A harbor of
+ships.</p>
+
+<p><i>Leahy.</i> <i>Leat́an</i>, pronounced <i>leahan</i>, wide; <i>an</i>, denoting
+personality. A large person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lillagan.</i> <i>Lile</i>, genitive of <i>lil</i>, lily; <i>gan</i>, offspring.
+Descendant of a lily.</p>
+
+<p><i>Limerick.</i> <i>Luimneać</i>, from <i>luime</i>, or <i>loime</i>, bareness; <i>neać</i>,
+for <i>na eać</i>, of the horses. Bareness of the horses. The
+original possessor of this name was, doubtless, a native of
+the town of the same name, which was built on a peninsula
+made bare by the many horses sent thither to graze.</p>
+
+<p><i>Linn.</i> <i>Linn</i>, a marsh, a swamp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Linnehan.</i> <i>Linn</i>, a marsh; <i>leat́an</i>, wide. A broad marsh.
+Linahan and Linehan are from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Linch.</i> <i>Leat́-inse</i>, <i>leat́</i>, half; <i>inse</i>, island. Half-island.
+Lynch has like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Linton.</i> <i>Linn</i>, a marsh; <i>ton</i>, from <i>tun</i>, Anglo-Saxon for
+town. A town built on a marsh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Loch.</i> <i>Loć</i>, pronounced <i>loch</i>, <i>lokh</i>, <i>logh</i>, a lake.</p>
+
+<p><i>Long.</i> <i>Long</i>, a ship. Not to be mistaken for the Anglo-Saxon
+<i>long</i>, or <i>lang</i>, having length. The typical Longs were
+of Celtic origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Loughlin.</i> <i>Loć</i>, lake; <i>linn</i>, a marsh. A lake within a
+marsh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Loughry.</i> <i>Loć</i>, lake; <i>riǵ</i>, pronounced <i>reegh</i>, or <i>reey</i>, king.
+The lake of the king. Lowry, an abbreviation of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lunn.</i> <i>Luan</i>, the moon.</p>
+
+<h4>M.</h4>
+
+<p><i>McAdam.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; Hebrew word <i>Adam</i>, a red, or
+dark-brown man.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAdoo.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Ad́aḿ</i>, pronounced either <i>Adk-oo</i> or
+<i>Awoo</i>, Adam. Son of Adam.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>MacAlister.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Alister</i>, Alexander. Son of
+Alexander. MacAllister, of the same parentage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mac Aller.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>alla</i>, a cliff; <i>er</i>, a man. Son of a
+cliff-dweller.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAlonan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>aluin</i>, beautiful; <i>an</i>, sign of personal
+noun. Son of a beautiful person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAlvin.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Alvin</i>, corruption of <i>Alban</i>, genitive
+case of Alba, Scotland. Son of Scotland.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAnally.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>anail</i>, genitive of <i>anal</i>, breath; <i>ać</i>,
+an individual. Son of the breath of a person. McNally,
+only an abbreviated form of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAndrew.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Andrew</i>, a Greek word meaning
+strong, manly. Son of the strong. MacAndrias is the Irish
+form, from which are obtainable Anderson and Andrews.</p>
+
+<p><i>McArdle.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>ard</i>, high; <i>le</i>, contraction of <i>aille</i>,
+genitive of <i>aill</i>, a cliff. Son of a high cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAran.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>arain</i>, genitive of <i>aran</i>, bread.
+Son of bread.</p>
+
+<p><i>McArty.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>art</i>, pronounced <i>awrt</i>, a place; <i>eać</i>,
+an individual. Son of a man of the place.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAteer.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>an</i>, of the; <i>tir</i>, pronounced <i>teer</i>,
+country. Son of the country; a countryman.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAva.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Eb́a</i>, pronounced <i>Awa</i>, which is corrupted
+into <i>Ava</i>. Son of Eve.</p>
+
+<p><i>McAuley.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caille</i>, genitive of <i>caille</i>, fame; <i>eać</i>,
+an individual. Son of a famous person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McBeth.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>beith</i>, genitive of <i>beth</i>, a house. Son
+of the house. Macbeth is another form of the same name.</p>
+
+<p><i>McBreen.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>braone</i>, pronounced <i>breen</i>, genitive
+of <i>braon</i>, a drop. Son of a drop.</p>
+
+<p><i>McBrian.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Brian</i>, corruption of <i>Britain</i>. Son
+of the country of the Brith, or painted people.</p>
+
+<p><i>McBronn.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>bronn</i>, genitive of <i>bruinn</i>, a womb.
+Son of a womb.</p>
+
+<p><i>McBryde.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; Anglo-Saxon <i>bryd</i>; Irish genitive
+<i>bryde</i>, of bride. Son of a bride.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>McBurney.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>bur</i>, an inner chamber; <i>neać</i>, an
+individual. Son of the inner chamber of a person.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacCabe.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cabe</i>, genitive of <i>cab</i>, a mouth. Son
+of a mouth.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacCalla.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>alla</i>, a cliff, the final <i>c</i> of <i>mac</i> being
+carried over to <i>alla</i>. Son of a cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCallan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>calla</i>, a hood, genitive same; <i>an</i>,
+indicative of personality. Son of the wearer of a hood;
+son of a nun.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCambridge.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cam</i>, treacherous; Scottish
+<i>brig</i>, a bridge. Son of the keeper of a treacherous bridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCammon.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>camm</i> or <i>cam</i>, deceitful; <i>on</i> for
+<i>an</i>, denoting a person. Son of a deceitful person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCamy.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cam</i>, deceitful; <i>eać</i>, an individual.
+Son of a deceitful person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCardle.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>ard</i>, high; <i>aille</i>, genitive of <i>aill</i>, a
+cliff. Son of a high cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCarne.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>carn</i>, a heap of stones; <i>neać</i>, an
+individual. Son of a heap of stones.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCarroll.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>carruill</i>, from <i>car</i>, dear, beloved;
+<i>uille</i>, genitive of <i>uill</i> or <i>aill</i>, a cliff. Son of the beloved cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCaughan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>cat́</i>, a warrior;
+<i>an</i>, a diminutive. Son of a short warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCaull.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caille</i>, genitive of <i>caill</i>, fame. Son
+of fame. McCaulley, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCaw.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cat́</i>, pronounced <i>cah</i>, corrupted,
+doubtless, into <i>caw</i>, battle. Son of battle.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCeever.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caoiḿ</i>, gentle; <i>fear</i>, a man. Son
+of a gentle man.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacClean.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>lean</i>, pronounced <i>lane</i>, a marsh.
+Son of a marsh. MacClaon and MacClane, of similar origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCleary.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cleireać</i>, pronounced <i>clêary</i>, a superannuated
+clergyman. Son of a superannuated clergyman.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCleil.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>lile</i>, genitive <i>lil</i>, a lily. Son of a lily.</p>
+
+<p><i>McClow.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cloiće</i>, pronounced <i>clokh</i>, genitive of
+<i>cloć</i>, a stone. Son of a stone.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>McClune.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cluain</i>, genitive of <i>cluan</i>, a retreat.
+Son of a retreat. McCloon, corruption of same.</p>
+
+<p><i>McColey.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>col</i>, kindred; <i>eać</i>, an individual.
+Son of a relative.</p>
+
+<p><i>McConkle.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>conn</i>, of heroes; <i>caille</i>, genitive of
+<i>caill</i>, fame. Son of heroes of fame.</p>
+
+<p><i>McConn.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>conn</i>, of heroes. Son of heroes.</p>
+
+<p><i>McConnolly.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>conn</i>, of heroes; <i>aille</i>, genitive of
+<i>aill</i>, a cliff. Son of the heroes of a cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCool.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cuile</i>, pronounced <i>kool</i>, the genitive of
+<i>cul</i>, the hinder part. Son of the hinder part.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCorkle.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Corcaiǵ</i>, Cork; <i>aille</i>, genitive of
+<i>aill</i>, a hill. Son of a hill of Cork.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCosh.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>coise</i>, pronounced <i>coshe</i>, genitive of
+<i>cos</i>, a foot. Son of a foot.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCotis.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cotis</i>, genitive case of the Latin <i>cos</i>,
+a grindstone. Son of a grindstone.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCrea.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cre</i>, pronounced <i>cra</i>, of creed. Son
+of a creed. From the same roots is derived McCray.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCreary.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cre</i>, of earth; <i>riǵe</i>, of king. Son of
+the King of the earth.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCritt.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cruite</i>, genitive of <i>cruit</i>, a hump. Son
+of a hump.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCrossin.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>croise</i>, genitive of <i>cros</i>, a cross; <i>in</i>,
+diminutive. Son of a small cross.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCrum.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>croime</i>, crookedness, a noun derived
+from the adjective <i>crom</i>. Son of waywardness.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCrunn.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; Scotch <i>croon</i>, a groan. Son of a
+groan.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCrystal.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>criostail</i>, genitive of <i>criostal</i>, a
+crystal. Son of a crystal.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCully.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cuile</i>, genitive of <i>cul</i>, the hinder part;
+<i>eać</i>, an individual. Son of a person’s hinder part.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCullough.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cuile</i>, genitive of <i>cul</i>, the hinder
+part; <i>loiće</i>, genitive of <i>loć</i>, a lake. Son of the lake of the
+hinder part.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>McCummisky.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cuimin</i>, of valley; <i>uisge</i>, genitive
+of <i>uisge</i>, water. Son of the valley of water.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCurdy.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>coire</i>, pronounced <i>kŭrh</i>, genitive of
+<i>coir</i>, crime, sin; <i>d</i>, of; <i>eać</i>, individual. Son of the original
+sin of man; son of Adam’s fall.</p>
+
+<p><i>McDavit.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Daib́id́</i>, pronounced occasionally
+<i>Daivit</i>, but more commonly <i>Dâvee</i>, of David. Son of David.
+McDevitt, from same.</p>
+
+<p><i>McDermott.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Diarmuid</i>, from <i>Dia</i>, God, <i>armuid</i>,
+of arms. Son of the God of arms.</p>
+
+<p><i>McDiarmuid.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Diarmuid</i>, God of arms. Son
+of the God of arms.</p>
+
+<p><i>McDill.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>dille</i>, genitive of <i>dill</i>, fondness. Son
+of fondness.</p>
+
+<p id="MacDonnell"><i>Mac Donnell.</i> <i>Mac Doḿnaill</i>, in the original, from <i>mac</i>,
+son; <i>Doḿnaill</i>, genitive of <i>Doḿnall</i>, Donnell. Son of Donnell;
+Son of the Sunday of Beauty; Son of the Resurrection;
+Son of God. See <a href="#Donnell">Donnell</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>McDonough.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>donaiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>donać</i>, an
+unhappy person. Son of an unhappy person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mac Dowell.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>doḿan</i>, the world, genitive
+<i>doḿain</i>, of the world; <i>aille</i>, of beauty. Son of the World
+of Beauty; Son of Heaven.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mac Egan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Aod́gan</i>, pronounced <i>Eeygan</i>, of
+Egan, the Irish equivalent of Hugh. The son of Hugh.</p>
+
+<p><i>McElway.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Elway</i>, a corruption of <i>Gailliḿ</i>,
+Galway. Son of Galway, the town of the strangers.</p>
+
+<p><i>McEnnery.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Henri</i>, genitive of <i>Henri</i>, Henry.
+Son of Henry.</p>
+
+<p><i>McFadden.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Fadden</i> is the same as <i>Padden</i>,
+which is a corruption of <i>Padruic</i>, Patrick, a Latin word for
+patrician. Son of Patrick. Fitzpatrick, so common in the
+Celtic, has the same signification.</p>
+
+<p><i>McFarlan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>fara</i>, genitive of <i>fear</i>, a man;
+<i>lain</i>, of a castle, the nominative singular being <i>lan</i>. Son of
+the man of the castle.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>McFaul.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>fâile</i>, genitive of <i>fâil</i>, fate. Son of
+fate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mcfee.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>faoi</i>, genitive of <i>faoi</i>, faith. Son of
+faith.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacFeeley.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>fialaiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>fialać</i>, a generous
+person. Son of a generous person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McFetridge.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Fetter-rice</i>, from Anglo-Saxon
+<i>fetor</i>, a chain for the feet, and <i>rice</i>, dominion. Son of a dominion
+in chains, or that is in bondage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mac Gahan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>geain</i>, genitive of <i>gean</i>, affection.
+Son of affection. McGahn, McGhan, are equivalents.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGail.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>gaille</i>, genitive of <i>gail</i>, steam. Son
+of steam.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGarry.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>gearraiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>gearrać</i>, a
+short person. Son of a short person. McGarey, McGary,
+McGeary, are of similar origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGarvey.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>garb́eaiǵ</i>, pronounced <i>garvey</i>,
+genitive of <i>garb́eać</i>, a rough person. Son of a rough person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGaver.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>gab́air</i>, of a goat. Son of a goat.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGee.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Aod́</i>, pronounced <i>eey</i>, Hugh. Son of
+Hugh.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGill.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>giolla</i>, genitive of <i>giolla</i>, a servant.
+Son of a servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGlinn.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>glinne</i>, genitive of <i>glinn</i>, the bright
+heavens. Son of the bright heavens. Sometimes spelt
+McGlynn.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGloon.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>gluin</i>, pronounced <i>gloon</i>, genitive
+of <i>glun</i>, the knee. Son of the knee. McGlone, McGlune,
+from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGlory.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>gloireaiǵ</i>, pronounced <i>gloireay</i>,
+genitive of <i>gloireać</i>, a glorified person, or saint. Son of a
+glorified person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGowan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>gob́an</i>, pronounced <i>gowan</i>, genitive
+of <i>gob́a</i>, a smith. Son of a smith.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGrane.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>grain</i>, genitive of <i>grân</i>, a grain.
+Son of a grain. McGran, McGrann, equivalents.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>MacGrath.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>graid́e</i>, genitive of <i>grad́</i>, love.
+Son of love.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacGraw.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>graid́e</i>, pronounced <i>grath</i> or <i>graw</i>,
+love. Son of love.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGrenery.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>greine</i>, genitive of <i>grian</i>, sun; <i>riǵ</i>,
+pronounced <i>ry</i> or <i>ree</i>, king. Son of the sun-king.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGuinn.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>guine</i>, genitive of <i>guin</i>, a wound, an
+opening, a circle. Son of an opening.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGuinness.</i> Corruption of MacAnguis, the son of
+Anguis, Irish for Æneas.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGuire.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Maǵ-Muire</i>, from <i>maǵ</i>, plain, <i>Muire</i>,
+of Mary. Son of the plain of Mary.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGurk.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>gurke</i>, German for cucumber. Son
+of a cucumber.</p>
+
+<p><i>McHallahan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>T́alla</i>, genitive, of hall; <i>leat́an</i>,
+wide. Son of a wide hall.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacHugh.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Aod́</i>, Hugh. Son of Hugh. From
+this name have sprung M’Coy, M’Gee, M’Kay, M’Coy, and
+Magee. <i>Ua Aoid́</i>, descendant of Hugh, has given us
+Hughson and Hughes.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacHulay.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Aoid́</i>, of Hugh; <i>lać</i>, people. Son
+of Hugh’s people.</p>
+
+<p><i>McInnis.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>inis</i>, an island. Son of an island.</p>
+
+<p><i>McInteer.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>in</i> for <i>an</i>, of the; <i>tir</i>, pronounced
+<i>teer</i>, country. Son of the country. McIntyre, the usual
+spelling, is from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKaig.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>coige</i>, genitive of <i>coig</i>, war. Son of
+war.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKane.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caine</i>, genitive of <i>cain</i>, the undefiled.
+Son of the undefiled.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKeefy.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caoiḿeaiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>caoiḿeać</i>, a
+gentle person. Son of a gentle person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKeene.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>ciuine</i>, of silence. Son of silence.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacKeever.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caoiḿ</i>, gentle; <i>er</i> for <i>fear</i>, a man.
+Son of a gentle man.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>MacKiernan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>ciarain</i>, genitive of <i>ciaran</i>, a
+dusky person. Son of a dusky person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKieman.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caoiḿ</i>, gentle; <i>an</i>, implying person.
+Son of a gentle person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKim.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caoiḿ</i>, gentle. Perhaps, a contraction
+of McKieman.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKinney.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Kinney</i>, from <i>cionn</i>, pronounced
+<i>kin</i>, affection, esteem; <i>eać</i>, an individual. Son of Kinney.</p>
+
+<p><i>McKnight.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cnioćta</i>, genitive of <i>cnioćt</i>, a knight.
+Son of a knight.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacKeon.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Eoin</i>, genitive of <i>Eon</i>, Owen or
+Eugene. Son of Owen or Eugene. MacKoun, Keon, Coyne,
+Owens, and Owenson, are all from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>McLain.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>leune</i>, pronounced <i>laine</i>, genitive of
+<i>leun</i>, misfortune, misery. Son of misfortune.</p>
+
+<p><i>McLuth.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>luait́</i>, genitive of <i>luat́</i>, swiftness. Son
+of swiftness.</p>
+
+<p><i>McMain.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>miain</i>, genitive of <i>mian</i>, desire. Son
+of desire.</p>
+
+<p><i>McMam.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>maim</i>, genitive of <i>mam</i>, a mother.
+Son of a mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>McMillin.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>muillin</i>, of a mill. Son of a mill.
+McMullin, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>McMinn.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>min</i>, genitive of <i>min</i>, pronounced
+<i>mĭn</i>, meal. Son of meal.</p>
+
+<p><i>McMurrich.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>murraiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>murrać</i>, a
+man of the sea. Son of a seafaring man.</p>
+
+<p><i>McNarr.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>nairr</i>, Irish genitive of the German
+<i>narr</i>, a fool. Son of a fool.</p>
+
+<p><i>McNamara.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>na</i>, of the; <i>mara</i>, genitive of
+<i>muir</i>, the sea. Son of the sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>McNamee.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>anaim</i>, genitive of <i>anam</i>, a soul;
+<i>ee</i> for <i>eać</i>, an individual. Son of a person of soul; a generous
+person.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>McPadruic.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Padruic</i>, Patrick. Son of Patrick.
+Fitzpatrick has the same significance, <i>fitz</i> being the Scotch
+for son.</p>
+
+<p><i>McPayne.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>payne</i>, from old English <i>payne</i>, pain.
+Son of pain.</p>
+
+<p><i>McPhail.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>fâile</i>, genitive of <i>fâil</i>, fate. Son of fate.</p>
+
+<p><i>McQuade.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; Dutch <i>kwade</i>, genitive <i>kwaide</i>,
+evil. Son of evil.</p>
+
+<p><i>MacQueen.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; Anglo-Saxon <i>quean</i>, a woman,
+allied to Irish <i>gein</i>, an offspring. Son of the Queen.</p>
+
+<p><i>McQuigan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>caoi</i>, pronounced <i>kwee</i>, wailing;
+<i>gan</i>, offspring. Son of lamentation.</p>
+
+<p><i>McQuillan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cuilleain</i>, genitive of <i>cuillean</i>, a
+cur. Son of a cur. Quillen, Quillan and Quilkin, of like
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>McRae.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>rae</i>, pronounced like <i>ray</i>, genitive
+of <i>rae</i>, the moon. Son of the moon; one influenced by the
+moon; a lunatic.</p>
+
+<p><i>McShain.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Seaǵâin</i>, pronounced <i>Shawn</i>, genitive
+of <i>Seaǵan</i>, John. Son of John. McShane, McShawn,
+McShaughn, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>McShimon.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Shimoin</i>, Simon. Son of Simon.
+Fitzsimon, a kindred form.</p>
+
+<p><i>McSorley.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Soḿairle</i>, of Sorley, or Charles.
+Son of Charles.</p>
+
+<p><i>McSwain.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; Scotch <i>swayn</i>, genitive <i>swayne</i>, a
+lover. Son of a lover.</p>
+
+<p><i>McSweegan.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>saoi</i>, pronounced <i>swee</i>, a sage, a
+philosopher; <i>gan</i>, offspring. Son of the descendant of a
+philosopher.</p>
+
+<p><i>McTague.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Tad́g</i>, pronounced <i>Taig</i>, genitive
+<i>Taid́g</i>, of Thaig. Son of Thaig.</p>
+
+<p><i>McTamanney.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>tam</i>, still, sluggish, placid; <i>neac</i>,
+an individual; originally, doubtless, <i>tamnać</i>, genitive <i>tamnaiǵ</i>.
+Son of a quiet person. Tamany, Tamney, slightly modified
+forms of the same.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>McTaney.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Taney</i>, from <i>teann</i>, pronounced <i>tāne</i>,
+stiff, straight, independent, stubborn, hopeful, strong, reliant;
+<i>ey</i> for <i>eać</i>, an individual. Son of Taney; son of an independent
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>McTask.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>taisg</i>, genitive of <i>tasg</i>, task, labor.
+Son of labor.</p>
+
+<p><i>McTeer.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>tir</i>, pronounced <i>teer</i>, country. Son
+of the country. Corruption of McIntire.</p>
+
+<p><i>McThomas.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>Tomais</i>, genitive of <i>Tomas</i>,
+Thomas. Son of Thomas. Thompson, from the same, is an
+analogous, but inverted, form.</p>
+
+<p><i>McTighe.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>tiǵe</i>, pronounced <i>tighe</i>, genitive of
+<i>teać</i>, a house. Son of a house.</p>
+
+<p><i>McTurk.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>tuirc</i>, genitive of <i>torc</i>, a boar, a hog.
+Son of a boar.</p>
+
+<p><i>McVan.</i> <i>Mac-a-b́ean</i>, from <i>mac</i>, son; <i>a</i>, of his; <i>b́ean</i>,
+pronounced <i>van</i>, woman. Son of his woman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mackin.</i> <i>Mac</i>, son; <i>cionn</i>, of fondness. Son of fondness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Macoun.</i> <i>Mac Eoin</i>, from <i>mac</i>, son; <i>Eoin</i>, of Owen. Son
+of Owen. Mackuen, of similar origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Magagal.</i> <i>Maǵ-a-geall</i>, from <i>maǵ</i>, plain; <i>a</i>, of the; <i>gall</i>,
+stranger. The plain of the stranger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Magher.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, pronounced <i>mâgh</i>, a plain, genitive <i>maiǵ</i>,
+of plain; <i>er</i>, a man. A man of the plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maguire.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, a plain; <i>uire</i>, contraction of <i>Muire</i>, of
+Mary. The plain of Mary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Main.</i> <i>Mein</i>, mind.</p>
+
+<p><i>Malone.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, plain; <i>luain</i>, genitive of <i>luan</i>, pronounced
+<i>loon</i>, the moon. The plain, or face of the moon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maloney.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, plain; <i>luain</i>, of the moon; <i>neać</i>, individual.
+The man in the face of the moon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Martin.</i> <i>Martan</i>, from <i>mart</i>, an ox; <i>an</i>, denoting diminutiveness.
+A young ox.</p>
+
+<p><i>Marvin.</i> <i>Marb́</i>, pronounced <i>marv</i>, dead; <i>in</i>, implying
+personality. A dead person.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Maury.</i> <i>Mâiri</i>, of the Mauri; <i>riǵ</i>, king. The king of the
+Mauri.</p>
+
+<p><i>Moyall.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, pronounced, occasionally, <i>moy</i>, a plain, a
+level country; <i>aille</i>, of the cliff. The plain of the cliff.
+Sometimes written Moyal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Meehan.</i> <i>Mian</i>, pronounced <i>mee-an</i>, desire, the <i>h</i> being
+ornamental rather than useful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Meenan.</i> <i>Mion</i>, pronounced <i>meen</i>, small; <i>an</i>, suffix expressive
+of littleness. A small person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Menough.</i> <i>Maon</i>, pronounced <i>meen</i>, wealth; <i>eać</i>, an individual.
+A person of wealth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Milnamow.</i> <i>Muillin-na-maǵ</i>, from <i>muillin</i>, a mill; <i>na</i>, of
+the; <i>maǵ</i>, pronounced <i>mow</i>, plain. The mill of the plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mishney.</i> <i>Misneac</i>, pronounced <i>mish-neay</i>, or <i>mishneach</i>,
+courage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miskey.</i> <i>Meisge</i>, pronounced <i>misge</i>, or <i>miske</i>, drunkenness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Moll.</i> <i>Mol</i>, active verb imperative, signifying “praise thou,”</p>
+
+<p><i>Molloy.</i> <i>Mol-ad́</i>, pronounced <i>moloo</i>, “let him praise.”</p>
+
+<p><i>Morgan.</i> <i>Muir</i>, the sea, genitive <i>mara</i>, of the sea; <i>gan</i>,
+offspring. A descendant of the sea; a mariner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mowbray.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, pronounced <i>mow</i>, a plain, a level country;
+<i>braiǵ</i>, pronounced <i>bragh</i>, or <i>bray</i>, genitive of <i>brać</i>, malt. The
+level country of the malt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mowrey.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, plain; <i>riǵ</i>, of king. The plain of the king.
+Mowry, the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Moy.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, sometimes pronounced <i>moy</i>, a level country.</p>
+
+<p><i>Moyer.</i> <i>Maǵ</i>, the level country; <i>er</i> for <i>fear</i>, a man. A
+man of the level country.</p>
+
+<p><i>Muir.</i> <i>Muir</i>, the sea. Other forms, Muire, Muhr, Moor,
+Moore, Murr.</p>
+
+<p><i>Muirhead.</i> <i>Muir</i>, the sea; Anglo-Saxon <i>head</i>. Head of
+the sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Muirney.</i> <i>Muir</i>, the sea; <i>neać</i>, an individual. One that
+follows the sea; a mariner. Murney, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Mulcahey.</i> Originally <i>Mulcat́aiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>Mulcat́eać</i>,
+from <i>mul</i>, mound, <i>cat́aiǵ</i>, of warrior. Mound of a warrior.
+Mulcahy, another form of spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mulcrone.</i> <i>Mul</i>, axle; <i>cruine</i>, pronounced <i>croon</i>, of the
+world. The axle of the world.</p>
+
+<p><i>Muldoon.</i> <i>Mul</i>, a mound, a knoll; <i>dun</i>, stronghold, castle.
+The mound on which the castle stands.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mullin.</i> <i>Muillin</i>, a mill. Mullen betrays like origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mullock.</i> <i>Muillin</i>, a mill; <i>loiće</i>, genitive of <i>loć</i>, lake. The
+mill of the lake.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murdock.</i> <i>Muir</i>, the sea; Gothic <i>dok</i>, an inlet, a gulf.
+Sea-harbor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murlin.</i> <i>Muir</i>, the sea; <i>linn</i>, a marsh. A marsh by the sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murray.</i> <i>Murrać</i>, Murragh, from <i>muir</i>, the sea, and <i>ać</i>,
+an individual. A navigator; a sailor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murtagh.</i> <i>Muir</i>, the sea; <i>teać</i>, sometimes incorrectly pronounced
+<i>teagh</i>, a house. A house by the sea; a light-house.
+Murtagh, Murtaugh, indicate their kinship.</p>
+
+<h4>N.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Neachtan.</i> <i>Neać</i>, a man; <i>tain</i>, of the country. A man of
+the country; a countryman; a farmer. Naughten, corrupted
+form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nee.</i> <i>Ni</i>, or <i>niǵ</i>, pronounced <i>nee</i>, <i>neegh</i>, <i>neey</i>, a daughter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neeley.</i> <i>Niall</i>, Neill, genitive <i>Neill</i>, of Neill; <i>y</i> for <i>neać</i>,
+an individual. Child of Neill. Sometimes written Neely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neilan.</i> <i>Neill</i>, of Neill; <i>an</i>, denoting personality. One of
+the family of Neill. Neelan and Neelen are the same.
+Neelans, the son of Neelan, the final <i>s</i> being a contraction of
+<i>sun</i>, Anglo-Saxon of son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neill.</i> <i>Niall</i>, from <i>ni</i>, a daughter; <i>aille</i>, genitive of <i>aill</i>, a
+cliff. Daughter of the cliff. Neill, Neille, Niell, Nille, Neal,
+Neel, Newill, Nihill, a few of the many forms of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neilson.</i> <i>Neill</i>, of Neill; Anglo-Saxon <i>sun</i>, son. The
+son of Neill. Nelson, of like derivation and import.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Nesbit.</i> <i>Nees</i>, son of Nee; <i>bit́</i>, life. Life of Nees; life of
+the son of Nee; life of the son of a daughter. Sometimes
+written Nesbitt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ney.</i> <i>Neać</i>, pronounced <i>neay</i>, a man. More probably
+from <i>niǵ</i>, a daughter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nicoll.</i> <i>Neać</i>, occasionally pronounced <i>neach</i>, a man; <i>aille</i>,
+genitive of <i>all</i>, a cliff. The man of the cliff. Nicol is
+similarly derived.</p>
+
+<p><i>Noell.</i> <i>Neul</i>, pronounced <i>na-il</i>, a cloud. Noel, Nowel,
+Newell, cognate forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nolan.</i> <i>Noell</i>, from <i>neul</i>, a cloud, and <i>an</i>, implying
+person. Son of Noell; son of the cloud. Nolen, a less
+common form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Noon.</i> <i>Noin</i>, pronounced like <i>oi</i> in <i>toil</i>, noon. Noone,
+Nune, are forms of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Noonan.</i> <i>Noinean</i>, a daisy, from <i>noin</i>, day, noon. Like
+the Saxon term daisy—day’s eye—derived from day.</p>
+
+<h4>O.</h4>
+
+<p><i>O’Beirne.</i> <i>O</i>, for <i>ua</i>, a grandson, a descendant; <i>beirne</i>,
+genitive of <i>beirn</i>, a child. Grandson of a child.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Brien.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Brien</i>, corruption of <i>Britain</i>.
+Grandson of a Briton. O’Bryan, of similar signification.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Connell.</i> <i>Ua Connaill</i>, from <i>ua</i>, grandson; <i>Connaill</i> from
+<i>conn</i>, of heroes, and <i>aille</i>, of a cliff. Descendant of Connell;
+grandson of heroes of the cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Connor.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Connor</i>, from <i>conn</i>, of heroes,
+<i>cub́ar</i>, fond of. Grandson of Connor; descendant of those
+fond of heroes. O’Conner, slightly modified form.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Daley.</i> <i>O</i>, grandson; <i>dalaiǵ</i>, genitive of <i>dalać</i>, a blind
+fellow. Descendant of a blind man.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Dare.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>dara</i>, genitive of <i>dair</i>, the oak.
+Grandson of Dare.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Dea.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Dea</i>, of God. Descendant of
+God. O’Day, an obscure form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>O’Donovan.</i> <i>O’Don-a-b́ean</i>, from <i>o</i>, grandson; <i>dona</i>, unfortunate;
+<i>a</i>, of; <i>b́ean</i>, woman. Descendant of an unfortunate
+woman. O’Donovan, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Donnell.</i> <i>Ua Doḿnaill</i>, from <i>ua</i>, descendant; <i>Doḿnaill</i>,
+of Donnell. Grandson of Donnell; a descendant of Christ.
+O’Donal, an abbreviated form of the name. See <a href="#MacDonnell">McDonnell</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Farra.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>fara</i>, genitive of <i>fear</i>, a man.
+Grandson of man.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Farrell.</i> <i>O</i>, grandson; <i>fara</i>, of man; <i>aille</i>, of cliff. A
+descendant of the man of the cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Gara.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>gara</i>, genitive of <i>gearr</i>, a noun
+derived from an adjective of the same name, meaning shortness.
+Grandson of a short person.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Gorman.</i> <i>O</i>, grandson; <i>Gorman</i>, a blue-eyed person.
+Descendant of a blue-eyed person.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Grady.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>graid́e</i>, genitive of <i>grad́</i>, affection;
+<i>y</i> for <i>eać</i>, an individual. Grandson of Grady; descendant
+of an affectionate person.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Hara.</i> <i>O</i>, grandson; <i>hara</i>, Irish genitive of the Anglo-Saxon
+noun <i>hara</i>, a hare. Descendant of a hare.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Kee.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Kee</i>, corruption of <i>Mac Aoid́</i>, pronounced
+<i>Mac Eey</i>, son of Hugh. Grandson of the son of
+Hugh.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Keef.</i> <i>O</i>, offspring; <i>caoiḿ</i>, gentle. Descendant of the
+gentle. O’Keef, O’Keeffe, analogous words.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Kelley.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Kelley</i>, from <i>caillaiǵ</i>, genitive of
+<i>cailleać</i>, an old woman, a hag. Grandson of an old woman.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Leary.</i> <i>O</i>, grandson; Anglo-Saxon <i>lǽr</i>, learning; Irish
+<i>y</i> for <i>eać</i>, an individual. Descendant of an educated person.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Lone.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>luain</i>, genitive of <i>luan</i>, a warrior.
+Grandson of a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Lochlin.</i> <i>O</i>, grandson; <i>loiće</i>, genitive of <i>loć</i>, pronounced
+<i>loch</i>, a lake; <i>linn</i>, a swamp. Descendant of Lochlin.
+O’Loughlin, O’Laughlin, cognate terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Malachlyn.</i> <i>O’McLochlin</i>, from <i>o</i>, descendant; <i>McLochlin</i>,
+son of Lochlin. Descendant of McLochlin.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>O’Mara.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>mara</i>, genitive of <i>muir</i>, the sea.
+Offspring of the sea. O’Meara, most generally in use.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Millin.</i> <i>O</i>, offspring; <i>muillin</i>, of the mill. Descendant
+of the mill. O’Mullen, O’Mullane, derivable from the same
+roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Neill.</i> <i>Ua Neill</i>, from <i>ua</i>, grandson; <i>Neill</i>, genitive of
+<i>Niall</i>, Neill. Descendant of Neill. O’Neil, O’Neal, quite
+commonly occur, and are similarly derived.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oram.</i> <i>Or</i>, gold; <i>am</i>, time. Time is gold; precious
+opportunity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ord.</i> <i>Ord</i>, order, arrangement.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Regan.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Regan</i>, from <i>riǵ</i>, a king; <i>an</i>
+for <i>tan</i>, place, region. Descendant of Regan.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Reilly.</i> <i>Ua Raǵallać</i>, from <i>ua</i>, grandson, <i>riaǵail</i>, a rule;
+<i>ać</i>, an individual. Descendant of a ruler; grandson of a
+king.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Rourk.</i> <i>Ua Ruarcać</i>, from <i>ua</i>, descendant; <i>rad́arc</i>, pronounced
+in Connaught <i>rooarc</i>, sight, and <i>ać</i>, an individual.
+Grandson of Rourk; descendant of a man of judgment.
+O’Rourke, O’Rorke, kindred names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orr.</i> <i>Or</i>, gold, wealth, riches. In a secondary sense,
+precious, valuable.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Shaughnessy.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Seaǵan</i>, pronounced
+<i>Shaughn</i>, or <i>Shawn</i>, genitive <i>Seaǵain</i>, John; <i>nees</i>, <i>ni</i>,
+daughter, and Anglo-Saxon <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son; <i>y</i> for <i>eać</i>, an
+individual. Grandson of a person belonging to the son of
+the daughter of John. O’Shannessy, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Shanter.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>Seaǵain</i>, John’s; <i>ter</i>, from <i>tir</i>,
+country. A descendant of John’s country.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ossian.</i> <i>Osna</i>, a sigh; <i>n</i> for <i>an</i>, denoting a personal noun.
+One who sighs; a mourner.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Sullivan.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; <i>suile</i>, pronounced <i>soo-il</i>, genitive
+of <i>suil</i>, the eye; <i>i</i> for <i>a</i>, his; <i>b́ean</i>, woman.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Toole.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; genitive <i>tuile</i>, pronounced <i>too-il</i>,
+of flood. Descendant of a flood.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Owen.</i> <i>Eon</i>, perhaps from <i>uan</i>, pronounced <i>oo-an</i>, a lamb.
+From <i>Mac Eoin</i>, son of Owen, have arisen MacKeon, Keon,
+Coyne, Owens, and Owenson.</p>
+
+<p><i>Owenson.</i> <i>Owen</i>, and <i>sun</i>, the Anglo-Saxon of son. Son
+of Owen. Owens is the same name curtailed of the last two
+letters.</p>
+
+<p><i>O’Weir.</i> <i>O</i>, descendant; Anglo-Saxon <i>wér</i>, a man, Irish
+genitive <i>weir</i>. Descendant of man.</p>
+
+<h4>P.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Padden</i>, corruption of <i>Padruic</i>, Irish for Patrick. A patrician;
+a nobleman. Paddin is another spelling of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pearson.</i> <i>Pearsan</i>, genitive of <i>pearsa</i>. A person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pollard.</i> <i>Poll</i>, a hole, a pit; <i>ard</i>, high, chief, supreme. A
+high hole; a deep pit.</p>
+
+<h4>Q.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Quillin.</i> <i>Cuillean</i>, a cur. Quillen, a slightly changed,
+and Quill, a largely abbreviated form of the same word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quin.</i> <i>Caoin</i>, pronounced <i>kween</i>, weeping, wailing. Quinn,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quinlivan.</i> <i>Caoin</i>, weeping; <i>luib́</i>, pronounced <i>liv</i>, genitive
+<i>luib́e</i>, grass, weed; <i>an</i> for <i>tan</i>, garden. A garden of weeping
+grass.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quinney.</i> <i>Caoin</i>, weeping; <i>ney</i> from <i>neać</i>, an individual.
+A mourner.</p>
+
+<h4>R.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Rainear.</i> <i>Rainn</i>, genitive of <i>rann</i>, song, poem, stanza; <i>ear</i>
+for <i>fear</i>, a man. A singer; a minstrel; a poet. Rainier, a
+name farthest removed from the primitive form, but the one
+that is most generally used.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rainey.</i> <i>Rainn</i>, genitive of <i>rann</i>, song, poem; <i>eać</i>, an
+individual. A writer of songs; a poet. Raney, Reaney,
+cognate names.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Redfearn.</i> Anglo-Saxon <i>read</i>, red; Irish <i>fearn</i>, pronounced
+<i>fārn</i>, alder-tree. The red alder-tree.</p>
+
+<p><i>Regan.</i> <i>Riǵ</i>, king; <i>an</i> for <i>tan</i>, possessions, country. A
+kingdom. Reagan, Ragan, and, perhaps, Rogan, of like
+import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reilly.</i> <i>Raǵallać</i>, from <i>riaǵail</i>, a rule; <i>ać</i>, an agent. A
+ruler; a king. Reilley, Reily, Rielly, Riley, cognate forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Richardson.</i> <i>Mac Risdeard</i>, son of Richard. Richards,
+Dicson, Dixon, have the same signification, Richard, in Old
+German, meaning rich-hearted, powerful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rock.</i> <i>Roć</i>, pronounced <i>rokh</i>, rock, a large stone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rourk.</i> <i>Ruarcać</i>, from <i>rad́arc</i>, pronounced <i>rooarc</i>, sight,
+and <i>ać</i>, an individual. An observant person; a man of
+judgment. Rourke, Rorke, Rork, Riark, referable to the
+same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rox.</i> <i>Rocks</i>, from <i>roć</i>, a rock, and Anglo-Saxon <i>sun</i>, son.
+Son of Rock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruan.</i> <i>Run</i>, pronounced <i>roon</i>, secret, dear, beloved.
+Ruane, Ruene, analogous words.</p>
+
+<p><i>Runey.</i> <i>Run</i>, secret, beloved; <i>ney</i> for <i>neać</i>, an individual,
+an agent. One that is beloved. Rooney, Roney, common
+spellings of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ryan.</i> <i>Riǵin</i>, pronounced <i>ry-an</i>, slow.</p>
+
+<h4>S.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Searle.</i> <i>Soḿairle</i>, pronounced <i>Sowarley</i>, Sorley, or
+Charles. Shorley is from the same root, only the initial
+consonant has its characteristic force before the slender
+vowel <i>e</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sewell.</i> <i>Suil</i>, pronounced <i>soo-ill</i>, the eye. Sewall, a
+slightly modified form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shane.</i> <i>Sean</i>, pronounced <i>shane</i>, old. Shan, Shean,
+Sheain, Sheahan, Sheehan, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shannon.</i> <i>Sean</i>, old; <i>aḿan</i>, pronounced <i>awan</i>, river. An
+ancient river.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Shaughney.</i> <i>Seaǵain</i>, pronounced <i>Shawn</i>, genitive of
+<i>Seaǵan</i>, John; <i>neać</i>, an individual, an agent. The helpmeet
+of John.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheely.</i> <i>Sile</i>, pronounced <i>Shee-le</i>, Celia.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shinn.</i> <i>Sinn</i>, pronounced <i>shinn</i>, we, us. <i>Sinn</i>, the same,
+only the <i>s</i> has not taken its accustomed sound of <i>sh</i> before the
+slender vowel <i>i</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sinnott.</i> <i>Sinn</i>, we, us; <i>aid́</i>, or <i>aoid́</i>, a person. One who
+uses the pronoun <i>we</i>; an editor; a reviewer; a governor.
+Sinett, Synott, Shenett, Sennett, equivalent names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smiggins.</i> <i>Smiggin</i>, from <i>smigin</i>, the chin; <i>s</i>, contraction
+of <i>sun</i>, Anglo-Saxon for son. Son of Smiggin; son of the
+chin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stephenson.</i> <i>Mac Steṕain</i>, from <i>mac</i>, son, and <i>Steṕain</i>,
+genitive of <i>Steṕan</i>, Stephen. Son of Stephen. Fitzstephen
+has the same signification.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sullivan.</i> <i>Sul-a-b́ean</i>, from <i>sul</i>, the eye; <i>a</i>, of; <i>b́ean</i>,
+woman. The eye of woman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sully.</i> <i>Sul</i>, the eye; genitive <i>suile</i>, pronounced <i>soo-il-le</i>,
+belonging to the eye.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweegan.</i> <i>Saoi</i>, pronounced <i>swee</i>, a philosopher, a
+man of letters; <i>gan</i>, descendant. The offspring of a philosopher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweeney.</i> <i>Saoi</i>, a gentleman, a hero; <i>neać</i>, an individual,
+an agent. A valet; an aid-de-camp.</p>
+
+<h4>T.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Taine.</i> <i>Teine</i>, pronounced <i>tain</i>, fire. Toyne, greatly
+modified form of the original.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tammaney.</i> <i>Tam</i>, still, sluggish, placid; <i>neać</i>, an individual,
+an agent. A cool, calm, deliberate person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taney.</i> <i>Teine</i>, fire; <i>neać</i>, an agent, an individual. An
+ardent, zealous man.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Tenney.</i> <i>Teann</i>, pronounced <i>tane</i>, straight, independent,
+stubborn, hopeful, strong, reliant; <i>eać</i> for <i>neać</i>, an individual.
+A strong, hopeful, reliant person. Tenny, Teeney, Teeny, of
+similar import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Terrell.</i> <i>Tir</i>, pronounced <i>teer</i>, a country; <i>ell</i> for <i>aill</i>, a
+cliff. The cliff-country. Tirrill, Tyrell, familiar forms of the
+same name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Terry.</i> <i>Tir</i>, country; <i>riǵ</i>, the king. The king’s country.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thoreau.</i> <i>Torad́</i>, pronounced <i>thoroo</i>, produce, fruit, fruitfulness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tierney.</i> <i>Tir</i>, country; <i>neać</i>, an individual. A countryman;
+a farmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tighe.</i> <i>Tiǵe</i>, pronounced <i>tighe</i>, genitive of <i>teać</i>, a house.
+Belonging to a house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Toole.</i> <i>Tuile</i>, pronounced <i>too-il-e</i>, a flood. Tool, Tull,
+Tully, cognate names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Torrey.</i> <i>Torać</i>, pronounced <i>torach</i>, thunder.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trall.</i> <i>Traill</i>, pronounced <i>trawll</i>, a slave, a bastard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trombar.</i> <i>Trom</i>, heavy; <i>barr</i>, top, summit. Top-heavy.
+Trumbar, similarly derived.</p>
+
+<h4>V.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Van Barr.</i> <i>Van</i>, Dutch for son, doubtless from Irish <i>bean</i>,
+woman; <i>barr</i>, summit, top. Son of Barr; son of a man of
+eminence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vannaman.</i> <i>Van-na-mann</i>, from <i>van</i>, son; <i>na</i>, of the;
+<i>mann</i>, man. Son of the man. Names commencing with <i>van</i>
+are considered by writers of philology as Dutch, but in many
+such terms the student readily perceives an Irish origin.
+<i>Van</i>, without doubt, is nothing but <i>bean</i>, the Irish for woman,
+with its initial consonant aspirated.</p>
+
+<h4>W.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Williamson.</i> <i>Mac Uilleam</i>, from <i>mac</i>, son; <i>Uilleam</i>, genitive
+of <i>Uilliam</i>, William. Son of William. Fitzwilliam,
+Williams and MacWilliam are forms of the word, the last
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span>being the Irish name assumed by the Bourkes of Connaught
+on the death of their chief, William De Bourg, third earl of
+Ulster.</p>
+
+<h4>Y.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Yarnall.</i> <i>Eireann</i>, genitive of <i>Eire</i>, Ireland; <i>aill</i>, a cliff.
+A cliff of Ireland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yarrick.</i> <i>Eire</i>, Ireland; <i>eać</i> for <i>neać</i>, an individual. An
+Irishman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yarrow.</i> <i>Iar</i>, western; <i>ać</i>, fragmentary form of <i>neać</i>, pronounced
+<i>ach</i>, or <i>agh</i>, an individual. A western man; a
+native of Ireland.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="FROM_THE_ANGLO-SAXON"><span class="smcap">From the Anglo-Saxon.</span></h2>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[52]</span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[53]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="HISTORY-JUTES_SAXONS_ANGLES">HISTORY—JUTES, SAXONS, ANGLES.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Every Englishman—and we apply the term in a comprehensive
+sense—who would clearly understand the force of his
+mother-tongue, should study Anglo-Saxon, as it is the direct
+and copious source of his own beloved language. Out of
+the many thousand words in use in English, more than
+five-eighths are of Anglo-Saxon origin. These, not only
+in number, but in their peculiar character and significance,
+as well as in their influence on grammatical forms, give to
+our language, it is universally admitted, its chief vigor. In
+short, they constitute its bone and sinew. Volumes may be
+written in words of Anglo-Saxon parentage alone, but it
+would be impossible to express the simplest thought in
+language of Latin derivation. Words expressive of the
+dearest relations, the strongest and most powerful feelings of
+nature, the language of every-day life, as of duty, business,
+pleasure, etc., find in the Anglo-Saxon their deepest, sincerest,
+and most energetic portrayals. Every speaker or writer,
+if he would convince the understanding and reach the heart,
+must shun Latinized expressions, and use the Anglo-Saxon,
+for the one awakens vivid, soul-stirring thoughts, and the
+other thoughts that are cool and unimpassioned.</p>
+
+<p>With this view of Anglo-Saxon’s importance to every
+Englishman, a brief account of the origin of the present
+inhabitants of England will show that we owe to the Gothic
+tribes—the Jutes, the Saxons and the Angles—our physical
+vigor, yea, our very existence, as well as our highly expressive
+language. Like all the Teutonic tribes, the Saxons were of
+Oriental origin. They derived, most probably, their appellation
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span>from the Sacæ, who doubtless gave the name of Sakasina to
+a part of Armenia. In Ptolemy’s time, A. D. 90, they were as
+far westward as the Elbe, and, consequently, were among the
+first of the Teutonic tribes that visited Europe. Their location,
+between the Elbe and the Eyder in the south of Denmark,
+strengthens the belief that they were the vanguard of
+Germanic emigration. The Jutes, the Saxons and the Angles,
+which were the only tribes that successively made settlements
+in Britain, are therefore deemed of sufficient interest to claim
+especial attention.</p>
+
+<p>The first to obtain possession were the Jutes. Two
+brothers, Hengist and Horsa, from Jutland, in Denmark,
+arrived in three small ships at Ebbs-fleet, in the Isle of
+Thanet, in 449. This island was assigned to them by
+the Britons for their assistance against the Picts and Scots.
+Subsequently, they became possessors of Kent, the Isle of
+Wight, and part of Hampshire.</p>
+
+<p>Forty-two years later, 491, the Saxons entered Britain.
+Their first kingdom was established by Ella, under the name
+of South-Saxons, including what is now known as Sussex,
+together with a part of Surrey. In 494 another powerful
+colony, under Cerdic, arrived. Being west of the other, it
+took the name West-Saxons. They occupied Hants, Berks,
+Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and part of Cornwall. A
+third Saxon kingdom, in 527, was planted in Essex, Middlesex
+and the south of Hertfordshire, under the name of East-Saxons
+(East-Seaxe).</p>
+
+<p>The Angles (Engle), from Anglen, the country between
+Flensburg and the Schley in the southeast of Sleswick in
+Denmark, settled about 527 in East Anglia, and exercised
+control over what now embraces Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge,
+and part of Bedfordshire. Ida, in 547, began to establish
+himself in Bernicia, comprehending Northumberland and
+the south of Scotland, between the Tweed and Firth of
+Forth. About 559 Ella conquered Deira, a tract of country
+between the Humber and the Tweed, embracing the counties
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[55]</span>of York, Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland,
+and Lancashire. Mercia, bounded by the Thames,
+Humber and Severn, and comprehending the counties of
+Chester, Derby, Huntingdon, Lincoln, Northampton, Nottingham,
+Rutland, the north of Beds, Bucks, Hertford, Warwick,
+Oxon, Worcester, Hereford, Gloucester, Stafford and
+Salop, was formed by Crida, about 586, into an independent
+state.</p>
+
+<p>From the foregoing remarks it appears that one Jute, three
+Saxon, and four Angle, altogether eight kingdoms, were
+established in Britain by the year 586, and that the Angles
+and Saxons were the leading spirits in the expeditions.
+They, therefore, when settled in this country, were collectively
+called Anglo-Saxons. From the Angles (Engle), who were
+the most numerous and predominant, the land was named
+Engla land, the Engle’s or Angle’s land—an appellation
+which was afterwards contracted into England.</p>
+
+<p>Anglo-Saxon, that is, Angle-, Engle-, or English-Saxon, is
+the language of the Platt, Low, Flat, or North part of Germany,
+introduced into England by the Jutes, the Angles, and
+the Saxons, and modified, spoken, and written by Englishmen.
+The less daring and enterprising of these peoples who remained
+in their continental home bore the name of Old-Saxons, and
+their language Old-Saxon, but their brethren who settled
+in Britain were fitly designated Anglo-Saxons, and their
+language, perfected in England, was denominated Anglo-Saxon.
+To King Alfred, and the many writings of Alfric,
+we are indebted for the finest specimens of Anglo-Saxon
+spoken and written in England in their days.</p>
+
+<p>Persons who are desirous of tracing the origin of Anglo-Saxon,
+or of comparing it with kindred dialects, must first go to
+the Old-Saxon, the Low-German spoken by those who remained
+in the old home of the Jutes, the Angles, and the Saxons.
+No written specimen of the language spoken by these Old-Saxons
+is extant, but there is, in a collateral dialect, a very
+fine poem, written in the ninth century, which is entitled
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[56]</span><i>Heliand</i>, Healer or Saviour. While some of the Low-German
+race migrated to England, others passed to the lower Rhine
+and settled there. This poem being written in the dialect of
+these Rhenish Old-Saxons, and the latter being akin to the
+Anglo-Saxon, there can be no question as to its vast importance
+in the study of the language which is the foundation of
+our own. Recourse may then be had to other works in
+Low-German. High-German, Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian
+and Swedish may then be consulted, and carried back to
+their Oriental source. None of the German or Scandinavian
+dialects have writings antedating those of the Anglo-Saxons,
+except the Germanic in the Moeso-Gothic Gospels of Ulphilas,
+published in 370, and some Icelandic. A zealous attempt,
+tracing the origin of the English, Germanic, and Scandinavian
+languages and nations, with a sketch of their early
+literature, and short chronological specimens of Anglo-Saxon,
+Friesic, Flemish, Dutch, German, from the Moeso-Goths to
+the present time, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish, and
+tracing the progress of these languages and their connection
+with the modern English, was made by Rev. Joseph Bosworth,
+in 1848. All interested in such knowledge will find themselves
+abundantly repaid by an examination of this learned
+scholar’s investigations, as shown in the work to which
+reference has just been made.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="LESSONS_IN_ANGLO-SAXON">LESSONS IN ANGLO-SAXON.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Anglo-Saxon Letters—Their Names.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The Anglo-Saxon alphabet has twenty-four letters,
+namely, <i>a</i>, <i>æ</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>dh</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>f</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>p</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>s</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>th</i>,
+    <i>u</i>,
+<i>w</i> (<i>vv</i>), <i>x</i> and <i>y</i>. All but three, <i>dh</i>, <i>th</i>, <i>w</i>, are Roman characters,
+the variations from the common form being cacographic
+fancies.</p>
+
+<p>No difficulty is experienced by German-speaking students
+in calling the letters by their proper appellations as
+their resemblance to the German names, excepting in three
+instances, is very intimate and striking. <i>Ah</i>, <i>ă</i>, <i>bay</i>, <i>cay</i>, <i>day</i>,
+<i>edh</i>, <i>ay</i>, <i>ef</i>, <i>gay</i>, <i>hah</i>, <i>ee</i>, <i>el</i>, <i>em</i>, <i>en</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>pay</i>, <i>er</i>, <i>es</i>, <i>tay</i>, <i>thorn</i>, <i>oo</i>,
+<i>wên</i>, <i>ex</i>, <i>ypsilon</i>, express very accurately their syllabic
+representation.</p>
+
+<p>An accent is found in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, but in
+none so regularly used as to become an objective feature of
+Anglo-Saxon text. It is found oftenest over a long vowel;
+sometimes over a vowel of peculiar sound, not long; seldom,
+except over syllables requiring a stress of voice. There are
+times, it seems, when nothing but stress is indicated. English
+editors represent it mostly by an acute accent, but the
+Germans generally print Anglo-Saxon with a circumflex over
+all single long sounds in the root of words, and an acute
+over the diphthongs; as <i>brôder</i>, <i>freónd</i>. In this book, an
+acute accent is used over all long vowels and diphthongs.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Sounds of Vowels.</span></h4>
+
+<p><i>A</i> short or unaccented is sounded like <i>a</i> in <i>man</i>. It is
+often found in the final syllables of inflections, and generally
+appears in the radix before a doubled consonant, or two
+different consonants.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span></p>
+
+<p>The radical short <i>a</i> can only stand before a single consonant,
+and <i>st</i>, <i>sc</i>, when this single consonant and these double
+letters are followed in the inflections by <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i> in nouns;
+<i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, <i>e</i> in adjectives; and <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, and <i>ia</i> in verbs.</p>
+
+<p>Specially important are the remarks contained in the last
+paragraph in the declension of words, for, monosyllables,
+ending in a single consonant, in <i>st</i>, or <i>sc</i>, reject the <i>e</i> from
+the short <i>æ</i>, and leave the short <i>a</i> alone, whenever, in
+declining, the consonant or consonants happen to be followed
+by <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i> in nouns, and <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, <i>e</i> in adjectives.</p>
+
+<p>It must be remembered, then, that a short <i>a</i> cannot stand
+in a word. 1. When it ends in a single consonant, that is,
+when no inflection of <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i> in nouns follow, as in <i>stæf</i>.
+2. When in nouns a single consonant is followed by <i>e</i>, as in
+<i>wæter</i>. 3. When the word has any other double consonants
+than <i>st</i>, <i>sc</i>, even though followed by <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, as in <i>cræft</i>. 4. In
+contracted words, when <i>æ</i> is not in the last syllable, as in <i>æcer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>When the <i>á</i> is accented it is then <i>long</i>, and words containing
+this long or accented <i>á</i> are now represented by English
+terms with the vowel sounded like <i>o</i> in <i>no</i> and in <i>bone</i>. Hám
+<i>home</i>, bán, <i>bone</i>, án, <i>one</i>, stán, <i>stone</i>, have either the same or
+an analogous meaning in English and Anglo-Saxon. Sometimes
+the accented or long <i>á</i> is represented in English by <i>oa</i>,
+as ác, <i>an oak</i>, gád, <i>a goad</i>, lám, <i>lome</i>. Occasionally, <i>á</i> becomes
+<i>oe</i> in English, as dá, <i>a doe</i>, fá, <i>a foe</i>, rá, <i>a roe</i>, but the <i>ae</i> in
+these words has the sound of <i>o</i> in <i>no</i>. The same may be said
+of <i>oa</i> in <i>boar</i>. Hence, it appears that the Anglo-Saxon <i>á</i> is
+represented by the modern English <i>o</i>, <i>oa</i>, and <i>oe</i>, which have
+the sound of <i>o</i> in <i>no</i>, or <i>bone</i>. The long <i>á</i> is often changed
+into <i>æ</i>, as <i>lár</i>, lore, <i>lǽran</i>, to teach.</p>
+
+<p><i>-A</i>, added to words, denotes <i>a person</i>, <i>an agent</i>, <i>an actor</i>,
+hence,—All names ending in <i>a</i> are masculine, and make the
+genitive in <i>an</i>, as from <i>cum</i>, come (thou), <i>cuma</i>, a person who
+comes, or a guest, is derived. Some words, denoting inanimate
+things, terminate in <i>a</i>, and these words, having the same
+declension as those which signify <i>persons</i> or <i>actors</i>, are also
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span>masculine. <i>A-</i> is an inseparable prefix, denoting negation,
+determination or opposition, as <i>from</i>, <i>out</i>, <i>away</i>. <i>A-</i> does
+not always appear to alter the signification, but generally,
+however, it adds some little force or intensity to the original
+meaning of the word to which it is joined.</p>
+
+<p>Anglo-Saxon words, containing the short or unaccented
+vowel <i>e</i>, are often represented by modern English words of
+the same meaning, having the sound of <i>e</i> in <i>fed</i>, as <i>nett</i>, <i>bedd</i>,
+<i>webb</i>. Before a double consonant, two different consonants,
+or one or two consonants when followed by a long or final
+vowel, the short <i>e</i> is most generally used.</p>
+
+<p>Words containing the long or accented <i>é</i> are very frequently
+represented by English terms of the same meaning,
+and have the sound of <i>e</i> in <i>meet</i>. Long <i>é</i> is used, as in <i>thé</i>,
+at the end of words, and before the consonants <i>l</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>s</i>, <i>t</i>,
+<i>d</i>, <i>dh</i>, <i>c</i>, <i>g</i> and <i>f</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>-E</i>, in the ending of nouns, denotes a person, as <i>hyrde</i>, a
+shepherd, from <i>hyrdan</i>, to guard. It is also used to form
+nouns denoting inanimate objects, as <i>cyle</i>, cold, but these are
+mostly derived from verbs, and hence are masculine; but,
+when they come from adjectives, they are feminine. Final <i>e</i>
+is the termination of derivative adjectives, and is also the
+usual letter by which adjectives ending in a consonant
+become adverbs.</p>
+
+<p>Unaccented <i>i</i> has the sound of <i>i</i> in <i>fin</i>, as is evidenced by
+the following Anglo-Saxon words which have the same
+meaning in English as in Saxon:—<i>tin</i>, <i>dim</i>, <i>scip</i>, <i>wit</i>, <i>ribb</i>,
+<i>milc</i>, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>I</i> long has the sound of <i>i</i> in <i>fine</i>, as in the cognate words,
+<i>tíne</i>, <i>wín</i>, <i>díc</i>, <i>hwíl</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The verbal termination <i>ian</i>, or with a consonant before the
+<i>i</i>—<i>cian</i>, <i>gian</i>, <i>nian</i>, <i>sian</i>—is the most simple and universal.
+It is joined to various parts of speech, but especially to nouns
+and pronouns. These verbs almost always make the perfect
+tense in <i>ode</i>, and the perfect participle in <i>od</i>. Verbs thus
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span>formed from adjectives are generally neuter, but they become
+active by prefixing <i>ge</i>, as <i>lytl</i>, little, <i>lytlian</i>, to become little,
+<i>gelytlian</i>, to diminish.</p>
+
+<p><i>I</i> and <i>ie</i> are often used for <i>g</i>, <i>ge</i>, <i>y</i>, and <i>e</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Short <i>o</i>, in Anglo-Saxon, has probably the sound of <i>o</i> in
+<i>for</i>, as <i>corn</i>, <i>horn</i>, <i>loc</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>O</i>, accented, was sounded in Saxon as <i>oo</i> in <i>cook</i>, as
+proved by the cognate words <i>cóc</i>, <i>bóc</i>, <i>gód</i>, <i>cól</i>, <i>fót</i>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Final <i>o</i> is chiefly used to form the names of qualities from
+adjectives, as <i>menigeo</i>, the many, multitude. Nouns ending
+in <i>o</i> are feminine and indeclinable, but they often end in <i>u</i>, and
+in that case have a regular feminine declension.</p>
+
+<p>A few nouns in final <i>o</i> are neuter, and make the genitive in
+<i>ewes</i>, as <i>ealo</i>, ale, genitive <i>ealewes</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The unaccented <i>u</i> in Anglo-Saxon had most probably the
+sound of <i>u</i> in <i>fun</i>, as testified to by <i>butt</i>, <i>dun</i>, <i>munc</i>, <i>up</i>, etc.,
+which have the same meaning in English as in Saxon.</p>
+
+<p>Long <i>ú</i> had the sound of <i>ou</i>, or <i>ow</i>, in <i>about</i>, <i>foul</i>, <i>house</i>,
+<i>town</i>, as <i>fúl</i>, <i>hú</i>, <i>mús</i>, <i>nú</i>, <i>úre</i>, Saxon words which have the
+same signification, as their English representatives most
+plainly show.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eo</i> are sometimes used for <i>u</i>, as <i>sweord</i>, <i>swurd</i>, and <i>y</i> for
+<i>ú</i>, as <i>swytol</i>, <i>swútol</i>. In later times, <i>u</i> was employed for <i>f</i> and
+<i>v</i>, as <i>luue</i>, <i>lufe</i>, <i>Dauid</i>, <i>David</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Some few names ending in <i>u</i> are masculine or neuter, but
+they are mostly feminine, and form the names of qualities
+from adjectives.</p>
+
+<p>Short <i>u</i> or accented Anglo-Saxon <i>y</i> had the <i>y</i> sounded as
+in <i>mystery</i>, <i>duty</i>, as <i>tynder</i>, <i>hyp</i>, <i>syn</i>, <i>mynster</i>, which are
+represented by modern English words of like signification.</p>
+
+<p>The long or accented <i>y</i> had the sound of <i>y</i> in <i>type</i>, <i>sky</i>,
+as will be evident from the following cognate words: <i>lýs</i>,
+<i>fýr</i>, <i>hýd</i>, <i>brýd</i>, and <i>lýf</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Unaccented <i>i</i> is often used for <i>y</i>, and long <i>i</i> for <i>y</i>; as
+<i>lístan</i>, <i>litel</i>, <i>minster</i> for <i>lystan</i>, <i>lytel</i>, <i>mynster</i>, and <i>fír</i>, <i>bríd</i>, <i>líf</i>,
+for <i>fýr</i>, <i>brýd</i>, <i>lýf</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span></p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Sounds of Consonants.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The consonants have their common English sounds: <i>c</i>, like
+<i>k</i>, always; <i>ch</i>, like <i>kh</i>, in <i>work-house</i>; <i>cw</i>, like <i>qu</i>; <i>dh</i>, like
+English <i>th</i> in a similar word, as <i>ódher</i>, other, <i>dódh</i>, doth; <i>g</i>,
+like <i>g</i> in <i>go</i>, always; <i>h</i>, very distinct; <i>hw</i>, like <i>wh</i> in New
+England; <i>i</i> (= <i>j</i>), before a vowel, like <i>y</i>; <i>s</i>, like <i>s</i> in <i>so</i>; <i>t</i>,
+like <i>t</i> in <i>to</i>; <i>th</i>, like <i>th</i> in <i>thin</i>; <i>w</i>, like <i>w</i>; <i>wl</i>, <i>wr</i>, and final
+<i>w</i> nearly close the lips; <i>x</i>, like <i>ks</i>.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Accent—Its Use.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The primary accent is on the first syllable of every word:
+as, <i>bródʹ-her</i>, brother; <i>unʹ-cúdh</i>, uncouth.</p>
+
+<p>Proper prefixes in verbs and participles take no primary
+accent; such are <i>á</i>, <i>an</i>, <i>and</i>, <i>æt</i>, <i>be</i>, <i>bi</i>, <i>ed</i>, <i>far</i>, <i>ful</i>, <i>ge</i>, <i>geord</i>,
+<i>in</i>, <i>mis</i>, <i>ódh</i>, <i>of</i>, <i>ofer</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>or</i>, <i>tó</i>, <i>thurh</i>, <i>un</i>, <i>under</i>, <i>widh</i>, <i>widher</i>,
+<i>ymb</i>, <i>ymbe</i>: <i>an-ginʹ-nan</i>, begin; <i>on-geánʹ</i>, again. The syllable
+after the prefix assumes the accent.</p>
+
+<p>Derivatives from nouns, pronouns, or adjectives, retain their
+accent. Such are all verbs in <i>and-</i>, <i>ed-</i>, <i>or-</i>, found in Anglo-Saxon
+poetry, and many adverbs in <i>un-</i>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Compounds, formed of adverbs and verbs, retain their
+accent. Such are these with <i>æfter</i>, <i>bí</i>, <i>bíg</i>, <i>efen</i>, <i>eft</i>, <i>fore</i>, <i>ford</i>,
+<i>from</i>, <i>fram</i>, <i>hider</i>, <i>mid</i>, <i>midher</i>, <i>gegn</i>, <i>geán</i>, <i>gén</i>, <i>tó</i>, <i>up</i>, <i>út</i>, <i>wel</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The inseparable prefixes <i>á-</i>, <i>be-</i> (<i>bi-</i>), <i>for-</i>, <i>ge-</i>, are unaccented;
+as, <i>á-lýsʹ-ing</i>, redemption.</p>
+
+<p>A secondary accent may fall in the tone syllable of the
+lighter part of a compound or on a suffix; as, <i>ó-fer-cumʹ-an</i>,
+overcome.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Euphonic Changes.</span></h4>
+
+<p><i>Gemination</i> is the doubling of a letter. When final, or
+next to a consonant, it is simplified, <i>mm</i> changing to <i>mb</i>, <i>nn</i>
+to <i>nd</i>, <i>ss</i> to <i>st</i>, <i>ii</i> to <i>ig</i>, <i>un</i> to <i>up</i>: as, <i>timbr</i> for <i>timmr</i>, timber;
+<i>spindl</i> for <i>spinnl</i>, spindle; <i>lufast</i> for <i>lufass</i>, lovest; <i>lufige</i> for
+<i>lufie</i>, love; <i>bearupes</i> for <i>bearuues</i>, grove. Double <i>g</i> is written
+<i>cg</i>, and double <i>f</i>, <i>bb</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Umlaut</i> is the assimilation of a vowel by the vowel of the
+succeeding syllable: <i>a-umlaut</i> changes <i>i</i> to <i>e</i> (<i>eo</i>), <i>u</i> to <i>o</i>;
+<i>i-umlaut</i>, <i>a</i> to <i>e</i>, <i>u</i> to <i>y</i>, <i>ea</i> to <i>y</i>, <i>eo</i> to <i>y</i>, <i>á</i> to <i>ǽ</i>, <i>ó</i> to <i>é</i>, <i>ú</i> to <i>ý</i>,
+<i>eá</i> to <i>y</i>, <i>eó</i> to <i>ý</i>; <i>u-umlaut</i>, <i>a</i> to <i>ea</i> (<i>o</i>), <i>i</i> to <i>eo</i>. The <i>i</i> which
+produces <i>i-umlaut</i> is often changed to <i>e</i> or dropped: as,
+<i>man</i>, plural <i>men</i>, from <i>meni</i>; <i>fót</i>, plural <i>fét</i>, feet, from <i>féti</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Breaking</i> is the change of one vowel to two by a consonant.
+<i>G</i>, <i>c</i>, and <i>ac</i> may break a following <i>a</i> to <i>ea</i>, <i>o</i> to <i>eo</i>, <i>i</i>
+to <i>ie</i>, <i>á</i> to <i>eá</i>, <i>ó</i> to <i>eó</i>; <i>l</i>, <i>r</i> and <i>h</i> may break a preceding <i>a</i> to
+<i>ea</i>, <i>i</i> to <i>eo</i> (<i>io</i>), <i>ie</i>: as, <i>geaf</i>, gave; <i>sceó</i>, shoe; <i>sealm</i>, psalm;
+<i>hleator</i>, laughter; <i>meolc</i>, milk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shifting</i> is the weakening of a letter not produced by other
+letters: <i>a</i> to <i>æ</i>, <i>ǽ</i> to <i>é</i>, <i>eá</i> and <i>eó</i> to <i>é</i>, etc.; <i>dæg</i>, from <i>dag</i>, day.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Nouns—Their Declension.</span></h4>
+
+<p>There are two classes of declensions of Anglo-Saxon
+nouns:—<i>Strong</i>, those which have sprung from vowel stems,
+and <i>weak</i>, that which has sprung from stems in <i>an</i>. Of the
+four declensions, the first, second and third are distinguished
+by the genitive singular ending in <i>es</i>, <i>e</i>, and <i>a</i>, respectively,
+and the fourth by its termination in <i>an</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Strong nouns</i> have all masculines of the first or third
+declension; all feminines of the second or third, and all
+neuters of the first.</p>
+
+<p><i>Abstract nouns</i> have their gender controlled by the terminations.
+In derivatives, the feminine gender prevails, while
+compound nouns follow the gender of the last part.</p>
+
+<p>Names of males, of the moon, and of many weeds,
+flowers, winds, are <i>masculine</i>. Nouns representing names of
+females, of the sun, and of many trees, rivers, and soft and
+low musical instruments, are <i>feminine</i>. <i>Neuter</i> nouns are
+names of wife, child, as well as diminutives, many general
+names, and words made an object of thought.</p>
+
+<p><i>Epicene nouns</i> have one grammatical gender, but are used
+for both sexes. Names of mammalia, except a few little
+timid ones, are masculine. Large and fierce birds are
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span>masculine; others, especially singing-birds, are feminine;
+large fishes are masculine, small, feminine; insects are
+feminine.</p>
+
+<p>While in English there are but three cases, in Anglo-Saxon
+there are six. The nominative and vocative are
+always alike; the nominative, accusative, and vocative are
+alike in all plurals, and in the singular of all neuters and
+strong masculines. The genitive plural ends always in <i>á</i> or
+<i>ená</i>, and the dative and instrumental always in <i>um</i> (<i>on</i>).</p>
+
+<p>Names of women in <i>u</i> or a consonant are strong, those in
+<i>e</i> or <i>a</i> are weak; while those of men in <i>u</i>, <i>e</i> or <i>a</i> consonant
+are strong, and those in <i>a</i> are weak.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Adjectives.—Their Degrees.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Adjectives, in Anglo-Saxon, have one set of strong and
+one set of weak endings for each gender. The latter are
+used when the adjective is preceded by the definite article
+or some word analogous thereto. Hence, there are two
+declensions: the <i>definite</i> and the <i>indefinite</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Degrees of quantity or quality in adjectives are shown by
+comparison. They are regularly compared by suffixing to
+the theme of the primitive <i>ir</i>, <i>er</i> or <i>or</i> for the theme of the
+comparative, and <i>ist</i>, <i>est</i> or <i>ost</i> for that of the superlative.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Verbs.—Their Attributes.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Verbs have two voices. The <i>active</i> represents the subject
+as acting, the <i>passive</i> as affected by the action. The <i>active</i>
+has inflective endings for many forms, the <i>passive</i> only for a
+participle. Other passive forms help this participle with the
+auxiliary verbs <i>eom</i> (<i>am</i>), <i>beón</i>, <i>wesan</i>, <i>weordhan</i>. There is,
+however, a middle voice, which represents the subject as
+affected by its own action; but, as this is expressed in Anglo-Saxon
+by adding pronouns, no paradigms are necessary.</p>
+
+<p>There are six moods. The <i>indicative</i> states or asks about
+a fact; the <i>subjunctive</i> a possibility; the <i>imperative</i> commands
+or entreats; the <i>infinitives</i> (and <i>gerunds</i>) are substantives,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[64]</span>and the <i>participles</i> adjectives. Certain forms of possibility
+are expressed by auxiliary modal verbs with the infinitive,
+and these are conveniently called a <i>potential</i> mode.</p>
+
+<p>Five tenses, <i>present</i>, <i>imperfect</i>, <i>future</i>, <i>perfect</i> and <i>pluperfect</i>,
+are found in the language. The present and imperfect have
+tense stems; the future is expressed by the present, or by the
+aid of <i>seal</i> (shall) or <i>wille</i> (will); the perfect by help of the
+present of <i>habban</i> (have) or, with some intransitives, <i>beón</i>
+(be), <i>wesan</i> or <i>weordhan</i> (be); the pluperfect by the aid of the
+imperfect of <i>habban</i>, <i>beón</i>, <i>wesan</i>, or <i>weordhan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Verbs are classified for conjugation by the stems of the
+imperfect tense. <i>Strong verbs</i> express tense by varying the
+root vowel; <i>weak verbs</i> by composition. Strong verbs in the
+imperfect indicative singular first person have the root vowel
+<i>unchanged</i>, or changed by accent, which is called <i>progression</i>,
+or by <i>contraction</i> with old reduplication. There are six conjugations.
+No change is manifest in the root vowel in the
+first conjugation; the second, third and fourth are varied by
+accent or progression; the fifth by contraction, and the sixth
+by composition.</p>
+
+<p>Since all the names derivable from verbs, with which we
+have to deal in the present work, are concerned with the
+present infinitive, present indicative of the first person, and
+perfect participle, it is unnecessary to enter into any elaboration
+of the verbal inflections. What is needful to be said
+will appear in its proper place in the derivations.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[65]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="ANGLO-SAXON_NAMES">NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4>A.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Abbott.</i> <i>Abbud</i>, an abbot, chief governor, father, or superior
+of an abbey, convent, or monastery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Adkin.</i> <i>Eard</i>, earth; <i>cyn</i>, kin, kind. Earth-relative. Akin,
+contraction of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Albert.</i> <i>Eal</i>, all; <i>beorht</i>, bright. All bright; illustrious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alder.</i> <i>Aldor</i>, life.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alice.</i> <i>Ætheling</i>, corrupted into Adeline, thence into
+Alice. A princess.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alison.</i> <i>Alice</i>, a princess; <i>sun</i>, a son. Son of Alice; son
+of a princess.</p>
+
+<p><i>All.</i> <i>Eal</i>, all, every, whole.</p>
+
+<p><i>Allingham.</i> <i>Alling-hám</i>, from <i>All</i>; <i>ing</i>, descendant; <i>hám</i>,
+home. Home of Alling; home of the offspring of All.</p>
+
+<p><i>Apgar.</i> <i>Abgar</i>, Irish <i>ab</i>, a father; <i>gár</i>, a spear, a dart.
+Defender of the father.</p>
+
+<p><i>Appleton.</i> <i>Æppel-tún</i>, from <i>æppel</i>, an apple; <i>tún</i>, town.
+An apple garden; an orchard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Askin.</i> <i>Æscwine</i>, from <i>æsc</i>, an ash-tree, ash, ash-spear, a
+ship, a man; <i>wine</i>, a friend. Boats were made of ash, hence
+a small ship, a skiff. Among the northern nations it was
+supposed that the first man was made out of ash: hence the
+word came to signify a man, the chief of men, a leader.
+Æsc, the name of Hengist’s son, was a leader.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ashton.</i> <i>Æsc</i>, Æsc; <i>tún</i>, town. The town of Æsc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Asquith.</i> <i>Æsc</i>, Æsc; <i>cýth</i>, home. The home of Æsc;
+the home of the ash.</p>
+
+<h4>B.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Bancroft.</i> <i>Bán</i>, pronounced <i>bawn</i>, bone; <i>croft</i>, a level
+tract of country, an enclosed field. A graveyard.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Bald.</i> <i>Báld</i>, bold, courageous, honorable.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baldwin.</i> <i>Báld</i>, pronounced <i>bawld</i>, bold; <i>win</i>, a contest,
+battle. Bold in battle. Baldewin, Boldwin, less ancient
+forms of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Banham.</i> <i>Bán</i>, bone; <i>hám</i>, home. The bone-home; the grave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Barton.</i> <i>Bere</i>, corn; <i>tún</i>, town. A corn-farm; a corn-village;
+a grange.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beal.</i> <i>Beal</i>, evil. Beale, identical in derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beda.</i> <i>Beada</i>, counsellor, persuader, exhorter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bedell.</i> <i>Bædel</i>, a beadle. A messenger belonging to a
+court, or public body; a petty officer in a church.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beck.</i> <i>Béc</i>, or <i>bóc</i>, a book. Beck, Bock, Bok, analogous
+names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beckingham.</i> <i>Beck</i>, Beck; <i>ing</i>, a son; <i>hám</i>, home. The
+home of the son of Beck.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bishop.</i> <i>Bisceop</i>, a bishop, a high-priest, a prelate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blake.</i> <i>Blæc</i>, black. Black, of like parentage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Boardman.</i> <i>Bórd</i>, a shield; <i>man</i>, a man. A warrior; a
+knight.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brice.</i> <i>Brice</i>, fragment, rupture, violation, use, service.
+Bryce, only another spelling of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brock.</i> <i>Bróc</i>, a brook, a rivulet. Brook, Brooke, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brooks.</i> <i>Brook</i>, Brook; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Brook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bronson.</i> <i>Brown</i>, from <i>brún</i>, brown, and <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Brown.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bront.</i> <i>Bront</i>, raging, streaming. Brunt, doubtless, from
+the same source. Some, perhaps, would consider it a corruption
+of <i>burnt</i>, made brown.</p>
+
+<p><i>Browning.</i> <i>Brown</i>, Brown; <i>ing</i>, a descendant. Descendant
+of Brown.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burn.</i> <i>Byrne</i>, burning, a coat of mail, a corselet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burr.</i> <i>Búr</i>, a chamber, a bower. Perhaps, from <i>beorg</i>, or
+<i>beorh</i>, a hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burwick.</i> <i>Búr</i>, a chamber; <i>wic</i>, a dwelling, village, camp.
+The guest-chamber.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[67]</span></p>
+
+<h4>C.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Caster.</i> <i>Ceaster</i> (Latin <i>castra</i>, a camp), a city. Chester,
+from the same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caton.</i> Anglo-Saxon for Cato, the Greek for downwards.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chapman.</i> <i>Cépman</i>, a merchant, a trader. Ceapman, in
+Chaucer’s day.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chichester.</i> Originally, <i>Cicester</i>, the equivalent of <i>cyren-ceaster</i>,
+or <i>cyrn-ceaster</i>; from <i>cyren</i>, new wine; <i>ceaster</i>, a city,
+fort, castle, town. Castle of new wine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clark.</i> <i>Clerc</i>, Latin <i>clericus</i>, a clerk. Clarke, similarly
+derived.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cliffe.</i> <i>Clif</i>, a crag, an overhanging rock. Cliff, another
+form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clifford.</i> <i>Cliffe</i>, Cliffe; <i>ford</i>, a stream, a current. Cliffe’s
+ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Codman.</i> <i>Codd</i>, scrip, satchel, small bag; <i>man</i>, a man.
+A cashier; a banker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coke.</i> <i>Cóc</i>, a cook. Cook, Cooke, analogous forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Compton.</i> <i>Comp</i> for <i>comb</i>, a valley; <i>tún</i>, town. A valley-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cope.</i> <i>Cop</i>, a cap, hood, or cloak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Copp.</i> <i>Copp</i>, the head, top, apex, a cup.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coulter.</i> <i>Colter</i>, a colter, a knife, a dagger. Colter, the
+commoner form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cox.</i> <i>Cokes</i>, from <i>cóc</i>, cook; <i>sun</i>, son. The son of Coke,
+or Cooke. Coxe, of kindred significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cumberland.</i> <i>Combra</i>, of valleys; <i>land</i>, land, ground,
+earth, field, region, country. A region of valleys.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cunningham.</i> <i>Cunning</i>, experience; <i>hám</i>, home. A
+home of art and letters.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cunnington.</i> <i>Cunning</i>, experience; <i>tún</i>, town. A cunning
+town; an enterprising town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cuthbert.</i> <i>Cúth</i>, known, certain, familiar, domestic; <i>beorht</i>,
+brightness, a glistening, light, sight, glance. Known brightness;
+familiar glance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span></p>
+
+<h4>D.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Dade.</i> <i>Dǽd</i>, deed, exploit, achievement.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dadaker.</i> <i>Deád</i>, dead; <i>æcer</i>, acre. An acre set apart for
+the dead. Dedaker, of analogous derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dager.</i> <i>Dagor</i>, day.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dalton.</i> <i>Dál</i>, a dale, a small valley; <i>tún</i>, a town. A
+valley-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dalrymple.</i> <i>Dál</i>, a vale; <i>hrympelle</i>, a wrinkle, a ripple, a
+fold. An undulating vale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Davies.</i> <i>Davie</i>, diminutive for David; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Davie. Davis, abbreviation of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dodd.</i> <i>Deád</i>, dead.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dunham.</i> <i>Dunholm</i>, from <i>dún</i>, mountain; <i>holm</i>, an island.
+A mountainous island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Durham.</i> <i>Deór</i>, beast; <i>hám</i>, home, dwelling. A park; a
+dwelling for wild animals. Dereham, an earlier form of the
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dyer.</i> <i>Dýre</i>, dear, costly, precious.</p>
+
+<h4>E.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Earl.</i> <i>Earl</i>, noble, earl, man. Earle, of similar significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edgar.</i> <i>Eard</i>, earth; <i>gár</i>, dart, spear. Earth-dart; defender
+of the earth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edmund.</i> <i>Eard</i>, earth; <i>mund</i>, hand. Earth-hand; tiller
+of the soil.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edmunds.</i> <i>Edmund</i>, Edmund; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Edmund. Edmundson, Edmondson, lengthened forms of the
+same name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edson.</i> <i>Eard</i>, earth; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of earth. Edison,
+the same word, but of more euphonious pronunciation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edward.</i> <i>Eard</i>, earth; <i>weard</i>, guardian, watchman. An
+earth-protector.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edwards.</i> <i>Edward</i>, Edward; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Edward.</p>
+
+<p><i>Egbert.</i> <i>Ecg</i>, edge; <i>beorht</i>, glance. Side-glance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eldrick.</i> <i>Eal</i>, all; <i>rice</i>, rich, powerful. All-powerful.
+Eldridge, doubtless, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Elmer.</i> <i>Ethelmer</i>, from <i>éthel</i>, a home; <i>mǽre</i>, illustrious.
+An illustrious home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ely.</i> <i>Élig</i>, from <i>él</i>, eel; <i>ig</i>, an island. Eel-island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Emery.</i> <i>Earm</i>, arm; <i>rice</i>, powerful. Mighty in battle.
+Emmery, Emory, cognate forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Emerson.</i> <i>Emery</i>, Emery; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Emmery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Engle.</i> <i>Engel</i>, an angel. Ingle, a slightly modified phase
+of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Englebert.</i> <i>Engel</i>, an angel; <i>beorht</i>, brightness. An angel
+of brightness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Erwin.</i> <i>Eard</i>, earth; <i>wine</i>, friend. Earth-friend. Ervin,
+Ervine, names of similar import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eton.</i> <i>Eten</i>, a giant. Eaton, the accepted spelling.</p>
+
+<h4>F.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Fager.</i> <i>Fæger</i>, beauty, fair, beautiful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farnham.</i> <i>Fearn</i>, a fern; <i>hám</i>, habitation. Habitation of
+the fern.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farr.</i> <i>Farr</i>, a wild boar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Farrington.</i> <i>Farringdún</i>, from <i>fearn</i>, a fern; <i>g</i>, for the sake
+of euphony; <i>dún</i>, a hill. A hill of fern.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fell.</i> <i>Fell</i>, gall, anger, death, a skin, cruel, severe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Field.</i> <i>Feald</i>, a field, a fold.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fielding.</i> <i>Field</i>, Field; <i>ing</i>, descendant. Descendant of
+Field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Finch.</i> <i>Finc</i>, a small bird. Fink, Finck, Fenke, kindred
+forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Firman.</i> <i>Fir</i>, the living, chief of living beings, man; <i>man</i>,
+man. The living man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fisk.</i> <i>Fisc</i>, a fish. Fiske, the more common name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fleming.</i> <i>Fleming</i>, a runaway, a banished man. Flemming,
+another spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fletcher.</i> <i>Flett</i>, house, chamber, bed, hall, palace; <i>cher</i> for
+<i>er</i>, a personal suffix. A companion; a bed-fellow; a prince.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fogg.</i> <i>Fog</i>, agreement, compact.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[70]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Foote.</i> <i>Fót</i>, a foot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Forsyth.</i> <i>Forthsíth</i>, death. Forsythe, another spelling of
+the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fotheringham.</i> <i>Fother</i>, a load, a burden; <i>ing</i>, son; <i>hám</i>,
+dwelling. The home of the son of burden.</p>
+
+<p><i>Foulk.</i> <i>Folc</i>, folk, people. Foulke, an equivalent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frederick.</i> <i>Freá</i>, a lord; <i>rice</i>, rich, powerful. A mighty
+lord.</p>
+
+<p id="Frick"><i>Frick.</i> Possibly a corruption of <i>Frig</i>, pronounced <i>Freeg</i>,
+the goddess of love, the Saxon Venus, and wife of Odin.</p>
+
+<h4>G.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Galt.</i> Irish <i>gaill</i>, genitive of <i>gall</i>, stranger; <i>tún</i>, town.
+Town of the stranger. Gault, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Galvin.</i> Irish <i>gaill</i>, of the stranger; <i>vin</i> for <i>wine</i>, friend.
+Friend of the Gall, the stranger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gate.</i> <i>Geát</i>, a gate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gates.</i> <i>Gate</i>, Gate; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Gate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Giddings.</i> <i>Gidding</i>, from <i>gidd</i>, song, divination; <i>ing</i>,
+descendant; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of a descendant of song.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gilbert.</i> Irish <i>giolla</i>, a servant; <i>beorht</i>, bright. A witty
+servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gilling.</i> <i>Gill</i>, Gill; <i>ing</i>, son. Son of Gill; son of a servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gillingham.</i> <i>Gilling</i>, Gilling; <i>hám</i>, home. The home of
+Gilling; the home of the son of Gill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gipson.</i> <i>Gilp</i>, glory; <i>sun</i>, son. The son of glory. Gibson,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gladwin.</i> <i>Glæd</i>, pleased; <i>wine</i>, a friend. A happy friend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glenning.</i> <i>Glen</i>, a valley; <i>ing</i>, descendant. Son of Glenn;
+son of a valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Godfrey.</i> <i>Gód</i>, good; <i>freá</i>, lord. A beneficent master.</p>
+
+<p><i>Goodacre.</i> <i>Gód</i>, God; <i>æcer</i>, acre. God’s acre.</p>
+
+<p><i>Goodwin.</i> <i>Gód</i>, good; <i>wine</i>, a friend, a benefactor. Godwin,
+of similar signification.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gould.</i> <i>Gold</i>, a precious metal.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[71]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Graff.</i> <i>Græf</i>, a grave. A ditch; a moat; a fosse. Groff,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Graham.</i> <i>Grǽg</i>, gray; <i>hám</i>, home. A weather-beaten
+home. Gramm, most probably a corruption of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grave.</i> <i>Græf</i>, a grave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Graves.</i> <i>Grave</i>, Grave; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Grave. Greaves,
+Greves, Grieves, modifications of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gregg.</i> <i>Grǽg</i>, gray. Grigg, corruption of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gregson.</i> <i>Grǽg</i>, gray; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Gregg. Grayson,
+the same in another form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grindler.</i> <i>Grindel</i>, a clog; <i>er</i> for Irish <i>fear</i>, a man. The
+wearer of a wooden shoe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grindrod.</i> <i>Grund</i>, ground; <i>rod</i>, a rod. Divining-rod.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grund.</i> <i>Grund</i>, ground.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grunder.</i> <i>Grund</i>, ground; <i>er</i> for <i>fear</i>, man. A farmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Guilford.</i> <i>Gild</i>, tribute; <i>ford</i>, a stream. Stream-tribute;
+ferry-toll.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gummery.</i> <i>Guma</i>, man; <i>ríce</i>, kingdom. Kingdom of man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Guthrie.</i> <i>Gúth</i>, fight, war; <i>ríce</i>, kingdom. Kingdom of sin.</p>
+
+<h4>H.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Haeseler.</i> <i>Hæsel</i>, a hat; <i>er</i>, a personal suffix. A hatter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hamill.</i> <i>Hám</i>, home; <i>il</i>, a hedgehog. Home of the
+hedgehog.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hamilton.</i> <i>Hamill</i>, Hamill; <i>tún</i>, farm. Farm of Hamill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hamlet.</i> <i>Hám</i>, home; <i>let</i>, implying diminutiveness. An
+humble home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hammond.</i> <i>Hám</i>, house; <i>mund</i>, hand. A house-hand;
+a servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hampshire.</i> <i>Hâm</i>, or <i>hamp</i>, home; <i>scíre</i>, shire, district,
+county, stewardship, charge, business. Home-district.
+Hampsher, corruption of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hampton.</i> <i>Hám</i>, or <i>hamp</i>, home; <i>tún</i>, town. Home-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hampstead.</i> <i>Hám-stede</i>, from <i>hám</i>, home, and <i>stede</i>, place.
+Homestead.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Hamric.</i> <i>Hám</i>, home; <i>rice</i>, rule, kingdom. Home-rule.
+Hamrick, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p id="Hancock"><i>Hancock.</i> <i>Hean</i>, poor, needy, humble, worthless, despised;
+<i>cóc</i>, a cook. A needy cook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hard.</i> <i>Heard</i>, hard, stubborn, unsubmissive.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harding.</i> <i>Hard</i>, Hard; <i>ing</i>, son. Descendant of Hard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harold.</i> <i>Hár</i>, hoar, gray with age; <i>eald</i>, old. A veteran
+chief.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harper.</i> <i>Hearpere</i>, a harper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hart.</i> <i>Heort</i>, a hart, a stag.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hartford.</i> <i>Heort</i>, a hart; <i>ford</i>, a ford, a stream, a current.
+The hart’s ford, or the place of its crossing the stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hatfield.</i> <i>Heat-feld</i>, from <i>heat</i>, heat; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain.
+An open, sun-scorched plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hebel.</i> <i>Hebel</i>, thread of the shuttle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heber.</i> <i>Heber</i>, a goat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hebener.</i> <i>Heben</i>, heaven; <i>er</i>, indicative of a personal
+suffix. An inhabitant of heaven.</p>
+
+<p><i>Helmbold.</i> <i>Helm</i>, helmet, cover, protector; <i>báld</i>, bold,
+stout. A stout protector.</p>
+
+<p><i>Herbert.</i> <i>Here</i>, a host; <i>beorht</i>, bright, shining. An illustrious
+host.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hild.</i> <i>Hild</i>, battle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hildebrand.</i> <i>Hild</i>, battle: <i>brand</i>, a brand, a torch. A
+battle-torch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hildeburn.</i> <i>Hild</i>, battle; <i>bryne</i>, a burning, scorching, heat,
+fire. Battle-heat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hoar.</i> <i>Hár</i>, hoar, white, or gray with age.</p>
+
+<p><i>Holdcraft.</i> <i>Hold</i>, kind, devoted, faithful, friendly; <i>cræft</i>,
+craft, contrivance, skill, employment, strength, power, talent,
+ability, excellence, virtue. Faithful employment; friendly
+power.</p>
+
+<p><i>Holme.</i> <i>Holm</i>, a sea, a billow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Holmes.</i> <i>Holme</i>, Holme: <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Holme</p>
+
+<p><i>Holt.</i> <i>Holt</i>, a grove, a forest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hope.</i> <i>Hopa</i>, hope.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Hopkin.</i> <i>Hopa</i>, hope; <i>cyn</i>, kind, kin. A relative of
+Hope.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hopkinson.</i> <i>Hopkin</i>, Hopkin; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Hopkin.
+Hopkins, an abbreviation of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Humphrey.</i> <i>Hám</i>, home; <i>freá</i>, lord, protector. Defender
+of home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Humphreys.</i> <i>Humphrey</i>, Humphrey; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of Humphrey. Humphries, Humphriss, Humphrys, kindred
+names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Huntting.</i> <i>Hunt</i>, Hunt; <i>ing</i>, a descendant. Son of
+Hunt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hurlock.</i> <i>Hár</i>, hoary; <i>loc</i>, lock of hair. A hoary lock of
+hair. Harlock, a less common name, but one more closely
+related to the parent words.</p>
+
+<p><i>Husband.</i> <i>Hús</i>, house; <i>bond</i>, bound, tied. House-bound;
+house-tied: hence, one that is bound to the house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hustin.</i> <i>Hústing</i>, a place of council.</p>
+
+<p><i>Huston.</i> <i>Hús</i>, house; <i>tún</i>, a farm. House-farm; kitchen-garden.</p>
+
+<p><i>Huxley.</i> <i>Huxlic</i>, from <i>hucs</i>, <i>hucx</i>, or <i>husc</i>, irony, slight,
+contempt, reproach, and <i>lic</i>, like. Ironical-like; disgraceful;
+contemptuous; vile.</p>
+
+<h4>I.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Idell.</i> <i>Ídel</i>, idle, vain, empty, useless.</p>
+
+<p><i>Inskip.</i> <i>In</i>, an inn, a dwelling; <i>scipe</i>, denoting form, condition,
+state, office, dignity. An innkeeper; a landlord. Inskeep,
+a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Irwin.</i> <i>Eard</i>, earth; <i>wine</i>, friend. Earth-friend. Irvin,
+Irvine, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Irving.</i> <i>Irvin</i>, Irvin; <i>ing</i>, a descendant. Son of Irvin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Isdell.</i> <i>I’s</i>, ice; <i>dǽl</i>, a dale, a small valley. Ice-dale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Isenberg.</i> <i>I’sen</i>, iron; <i>beorg</i>, mountain. Iron-mountain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Isenberry.</i> <i>I’sen</i>, iron; <i>berry</i>, corruption of <i>beorg</i>, or <i>beorh</i>,
+mountain. Iron-mountain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Isham.</i> <i>I’s</i>, ice; <i>hám</i>, house, dwelling. Ice-house.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span></p>
+
+<h4>J.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Jackson.</i> <i>Jack</i>, nickname for John; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Jack. Jacques, French for James, is the most probable
+derivation of Jack.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jameson.</i> <i>Jame</i>, James; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of James.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jamieson.</i> <i>Jamie</i>, James; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Jamie; son
+of James. Jamison, Jemison, Jimison, kindred terms, founded
+upon nicknames common to James in parts of Scotland and
+Ireland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jenkin.</i> <i>Jen</i>, abbreviation for Jennie, Jane, John; <i>cyn</i>, kin,
+kind. Related to Jennie, Jane, John.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jenkinson.</i> <i>Jenkin</i>, Jenkin; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Jenkin.
+Jenkins, abbreviated form of same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jenks.</i> <i>Jen</i>, Jennie; <i>k</i> for <i>cyn</i>, kin; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of a relative of Jennie.</p>
+
+<p><i>Johnson.</i> <i>John</i>, Hebrew word signifying “gracious gift of
+God;” Anglo-Saxon <i>sun</i>, son. Son of John.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jonson.</i> <i>Jon</i>, contraction of <i>John</i>, John; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+John.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jones.</i> <i>Jon</i>, John; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of John.</p>
+
+<h4>K.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Keith.</i> <i>Cíth</i>, pronounced <i>keeth</i>, a germ, sprig, blade.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kemp.</i> <i>Cempa</i>, a young soldier, a warrior, champion,
+novice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kendall.</i> <i>Cyn</i>, kin, kindred, race, tribe, nation, kind; <i>dǽl</i>,
+dale, valley. Valley-kindred. Kindell, derivable from the
+same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kenworthy.</i> <i>Cyn</i>, kindred; <i>weorthe</i>, worthy, honorable.
+Worthy kindred.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kenyon.</i> <i>Cyn</i>, nation, people; <i>yeong</i>, young. Young
+nation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kertell.</i> <i>Kertl</i>, a woman’s garment, a vest, mantle, kirtle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keyser.</i> <i>Káser</i>, an emperor. Keiser, of similar origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kim.</i> <i>Cim</i>, feet, or bases of a pillar.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Kimball.</i> <i>Cimbal</i>, cymbal. Kemble, Kimble, Kimple,
+analogous names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kissel.</i> <i>Cystel</i>, a chestnut.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kisterbock.</i> <i>Cist</i>, choice; <i>bóc</i>, a volume, a book. A choice
+volume.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kitt.</i> <i>Kitte</i>, a vessel, a bottle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kitson.</i> <i>Kitt</i>, Kitt; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Kitt. Kitts, abbreviation
+of the same.</p>
+
+<h4>L.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Lambeth.</i> <i>Lamb-hýth</i>, from <i>lamb</i>, lamb, and <i>hýth</i>, measure,
+gain, profit. Lamb’s measure.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lambert.</i> <i>Lamb</i>, Lamb; <i>beorht</i>, brightness. The Lamb
+of Glory.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lancaster.</i> <i>Land</i>, ground, earth, field; <i>ceaster</i>, a camp, a
+castle, city, fort. An earth-fort.</p>
+
+<p><i>Landreth.</i> <i>Land</i>, field; <i>ríthe</i>, a well, a fountain, a river.
+A field-well; a spring.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lever.</i> <i>Leófra</i>, <i>lever</i>, comparatives of <i>leóf</i>, <i>leef</i>, dear, agreeable.
+More agreeable; more pleasing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Levering.</i> <i>Lever</i>, Lever; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Son of Lever.</p>
+
+<p id="Lea"><i>Lea.</i> <i>Liga</i>, a flame.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lester.</i> <i>Lædheceaster</i>, from <i>lædhe</i>, hateful, unpleasant,
+loathsome, and <i>ceaster</i>, a city. A loathsome city. Leister,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Limbert.</i> <i>Lim</i>, limb, member; <i>beorht</i>, brightness. Limb-brightness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Liming.</i> <i>Lim-ing</i>, from <i>lim</i>, limb; <i>ing</i>, implying action,
+originating from. Limning; painting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lind.</i> <i>Lind</i>, linden, or lime-tree; also, what was made of
+lime-wood—shield, buckler, banner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Linden.</i> <i>Linden</i>, made of lime-tree.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lindsey.</i> <i>Lindes-íg</i>, from <i>lindes</i>, genitive of <i>lind</i>, lime-tree,
+and <i>íg</i>, an island. The island of the lime-tree. Lindsay,
+another form of spelling.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Lipp.</i> <i>Lippe</i>, lip.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lipkiss.</i> <i>Lippe</i>, lip; <i>cyss</i>, kiss. Lip-kiss.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lippincott.</i> <i>Lippe</i>, lip, genitive <i>lippan</i>, of lip; <i>coth</i>, disease,
+malady. Lip disease.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lipson.</i> <i>Lippe</i>, Lipp; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Lipp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lipton.</i> <i>Lipp</i>, Lipp; <i>tún</i>, home. Home of Lipp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Litchfield.</i> <i>Liced-feld</i>, from <i>licced</i>, licked, lapped, and <i>feld</i>,
+a field, a plain. A licked plain; a pasture-field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lonsdale.</i> <i>Londes-dǽl</i>, from <i>londes</i>, genitive of <i>lond</i>, land;
+<i>dǽl</i>, dale, valley. Land’s-dale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Loth.</i> <i>Loth</i>, a band.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lothrop.</i> <i>Loth</i>, band; <i>thorpe</i>, a village.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lyster.</i> <i>Lyster</i>, a favorer. Lister, of like origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lytle.</i> <i>Lytle</i>, little, small, slender.</p>
+
+<h4>M.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Manchester.</i> <i>Manig-ceaster</i>, from <i>manig</i>, many, much;
+<i>ceaster</i>, city, fort, castle, town. Many castles.</p>
+
+<p><i>Manning.</i> <i>Mann</i>, Mann; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Son of Mann.</p>
+
+<p><i>Marx.</i> <i>Marcs</i>, from <i>marc</i>, a mark; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, a son. Son
+of Marc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mase.</i> <i>Mase</i>, a whirlpool, a gulf.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maslin.</i> <i>Mæslen</i>, or <i>maslin</i>, brass.</p>
+
+<p><i>Max.</i> <i>Max</i>, noose, mesh, net, snare.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maxfield.</i> <i>Max</i>, Max; <i>feld</i>, a field. Max’s field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maxwell.</i> <i>Max</i>, Max; <i>wæl</i>, a well. Max’s well.</p>
+
+<p><i>Meadowcroft.</i> <i>Mǽdewe</i>, a meadow; <i>croft</i>, a small enclosed
+field. A meadow-field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mearns.</i> <i>Mearn</i>, mourned; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. A mourned
+son.</p>
+
+<p id="Mear"><i>Mear.</i> <i>Mere</i>, lake, pool, sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mears.</i> <i>Mear</i>, Mear; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Mear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Medlar.</i> <i>Méd</i>, meed, merit, reward, recompense; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine.
+Reward of doctrine.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Medway.</i> <i>Mǽd</i>, meed, meadow, trunk of a tree; <i>wǽg</i>, a
+wave. Meadow-wave; a river.</p>
+
+<p><i>Meredith.</i> <i>Mere</i>, lake, sea; <i>diht</i>, ordering, direction, predicting,
+foretelling. Sea-predicting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Merscher.</i> <i>Mersc-ware</i>, from <i>mersc</i>, marsh, fen, and <i>ware</i>,
+used only as a termination, denoting inhabitants, dwellers.
+Marshmen; fenmen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Merton.</i> <i>Meretún</i>, from <i>mere</i>, lake, sea; <i>tún</i>, town. Sea-port;
+lake-port.</p>
+
+<p><i>Metsinger.</i> <i>Metssunge</i>, from <i>mettsung</i>, messing, food, meat;
+<i>ere</i>, indicating a person. A victualler; a provider. Messinger,
+another form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Michener.</i> Perhaps <i>Micg-ærn</i>, from <i>micg-an</i>, to water;
+<i>ærn</i>, a place, a secret place, a closet, a habitation, a house.
+An urinary; a drain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Midding.</i> <i>Midding</i>, a dunghill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Middlesex.</i> <i>Middel</i>, middle; <i>Sexe</i>, Saxons. The Middle
+Saxons.</p>
+
+<p><i>Middleton.</i> <i>Middel</i>, middle; <i>tún</i>, town. The middle town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mitchell.</i> <i>Mycg</i>, a midge, a gnat; <i>el</i>, a termination denoting
+a person. A dwarf; a pigmy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Monteith.</i> <i>Mon</i>, man; <i>téth</i>, teeth. Human teeth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Montgomery.</i> <i>Munt-guman-ríc</i>, from <i>munt</i>, mountain;
+<i>guman</i>, of man, genitive of <i>guma</i>; <i>ríc</i>, pronounced <i>ree</i>, a
+postfix denoting dominion, power. Mountain of man’s
+power; acme of human greatness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Muckle.</i> <i>Mucxle</i>, a muscle, a shell-fish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mumford.</i> <i>Mund-ford</i>, from <i>mund</i>, a contraction of <i>munden</i>,
+remembered, and <i>ford</i>, ford. A remembered ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Munce.</i> <i>Munc</i>, a monk. Munch, Munk, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murberry.</i> <i>Murberie</i>, possibly from <i>múr</i>, a wall, from the
+resemblance of the fruit in roughness to a wall, and <i>berie</i>, a
+berry. <i>Mur</i> itself signifies a mulberry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murdock.</i> <i>Mere</i>, a sea; <i>docce</i>, a dock. A naval dock.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span></p>
+
+<h4>N.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Nabes.</i> <i>Næbb</i>, a face; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, sun. The sun’s face.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nachtigall.</i> <i>Næctegale</i>, nightingale, from <i>næcte</i>, night, and
+<i>gale</i>, a singer. A night-singer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nachod.</i> <i>Næcud</i>, naked, uncovered.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nadely.</i> <i>Nædl</i>, a needle, <i>líc</i>, like. Needle-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nægele.</i> <i>Nægel</i>, a nail, a pin, a nail of the hand. Nagel,
+Nagele, Naglee, other forms of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nebeker.</i> <i>Neb</i>, face, countenance, mouth, neb, nib, nose;
+<i>æcer</i>, field, land, anything sown, sown corn, an acre. Face-pimples.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nebel.</i> <i>Neb</i>, face, countenance; <i>el</i>, termination denoting a
+person. Human face.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nebhut.</i> <i>Neb</i>, face, head, mouth; <i>húth</i>, spoil, booty, prey.
+Blotched countenance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nedel.</i> <i>Nedl</i>, a needle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Needham.</i> <i>Neád</i>, need, necessity, infirmity; <i>hám</i>, home,
+house, dwelling, village, farm. An almshouse; an infirmary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neef.</i> <i>Nefe</i>, a niece, a granddaughter. Neff, from the
+same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nesenger.</i> <i>Nesse</i>, a headland; <i>ing</i>, originating from; <i>er</i>, a
+personal suffix. One raised upon a headland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ness.</i> <i>Nesse</i>, a cape. Nesz, another form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neswanger.</i> <i>Nesse</i>, or <i>næs</i>, a rock, support, headland,
+ness, cape, promontory; <i>wang</i>, a plain, field, wong, land; <i>er</i>,
+a personal suffix. Possessor of a rock-plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neswenger.</i> <i>Nesse</i>, rock; <i>wengere</i>, a pillow, bolster. Rock-pillow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nester.</i> <i>Nest</i>, support, food, wages; <i>er</i>, a personal suffix.
+A supporter; a wage-earner. Nester, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Neth.</i> <i>Neth</i>, wickedness, malice, cunning, hatred, strife,
+zeal, punishment, slaughter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nething.</i> <i>Neth</i>, Neth; <i>ing</i>, offspring, descendant. Son of
+Neth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nette.</i> <i>Nett</i>, a net.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[79]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Netterville.</i> <i>Nett</i>, a net; <i>er</i>, a personal suffix; French
+<i>ville</i>, a villa, a town. A fishing-place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nettinger.</i> <i>Nett</i>, a net; <i>ing</i>, expressive of action; <i>er</i>, a
+personal termination. A seiner; a fisherman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nettleton.</i> <i>Netele</i>, a nettle; <i>tún</i>, a farm. A nettle-farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Newbold.</i> <i>Newe</i>, new, late, young; <i>báld</i>, bold, courageous,
+honorable. Lately honorable.</p>
+
+<p><i>Newcomb.</i> <i>Newe</i>, new; <i>comb</i>, a valley. New valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Newcomet.</i> <i>Newe</i>, new; <i>cometa</i>, a comet. A new comet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Newell.</i> <i>Neowel</i>, prone, prostrate, depressed, profound,
+deep. Newhall, perhaps, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nipe.</i> <i>Nip</i>, darkness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nippes.</i> <i>Nipp</i>, Nipe; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Nipe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Norman.</i> <i>Nor</i>, contraction of <i>north</i>, north; <i>man</i>, a man.
+North-man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Northrop.</i> <i>Nor</i>, north; <i>thorpe</i>, town. North town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Norwood.</i> <i>Nor</i>, north; <i>wud</i>, wood. Northwood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nye.</i> <i>Nye</i>, a nye, a nest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nyholm.</i> <i>Nye</i>, a nest; <i>holm</i>, the deep sea, an abyss, the
+ocean, a river island. Nest-water; nest-island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nyman.</i> <i>Nye</i>, a nest; <i>man</i>, man, or woman. Nest-woman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nystrom.</i> <i>Nye</i>, a nest; <i>streom</i>, a stream. Nest-stream.</p>
+
+<h4>O.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Obdyke.</i> <i>Ob</i>, off; <i>díc</i>, bank, mound. Off the bank.
+Opdyke, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oberdick.</i> <i>O’ber</i>, over, above; <i>díc</i>, dyke, ditch, trench,
+moat. Overflowing ditch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oberholt.</i> <i>O’ber</i>, above; <i>holt</i>, a forest. Mountain-forest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ofar.</i> <i>O’fer</i>, a margin, brink, bank, shore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orcutt.</i> <i>Or</i>, free from; <i>coth</i>, disease. Free from disease.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ord.</i> <i>O’rd</i>, beginning, origin, author, edge, sword, battle-array.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[80]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Ordmann.</i> <i>O’rd</i>, the front of an army; <i>mann</i>, man. A
+general; a commander.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orfe.</i> <i>Orfe</i>, cattle. Orf, Orff, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orgill.</i> <i>Orgel</i>, pride, arrogance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orgs.</i> <i>Org</i>, pride; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of pride.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orme.</i> <i>Or</i>, free from; <i>me</i>, me. Free me from.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ormerod.</i> <i>Or</i>, free from; <i>me</i>, me; <i>rod</i>, rod. Free me
+from the rod. Ormrod, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ormond.</i> <i>Or</i>, free from; <i>mond</i>, care, protection. Free
+from care; without protection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ormsby.</i> <i>Orm</i>, Orme; <i>s</i>, sign of genitive; <i>bý</i>, a termination
+denoting habitation, dwelling. Habitation of Orme.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ormston.</i> <i>Orm</i>, genitive <i>Ormes</i>, Orme; <i>tún</i>, house. Home
+of Orme.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orth.</i> <i>O’rth</i>, breathing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orthwein.</i> <i>O’rth</i>, breathing; <i>wine</i>, a man. A living man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orton.</i> <i>Or</i>, free from; <i>tún</i>, house, farm, village, town.
+Free from the cares of home, or of the town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orwig.</i> <i>Or</i>, free from; <i>wig</i>, warfare, battle, strife. Free
+from warfare.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osbeck.</i> <i>O’s</i>, a hero; <i>béc</i>, a book, a volume, a writing.
+Hero-book; a novel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osborne.</i> <i>O’s</i>, a hero; <i>beorn</i>, chief, general, prince, king.
+Hero-king. Osborn, Osbourn, Osbourne, kindred names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osler.</i> <i>O’s</i>, hero; <i>lǽr</i>, lore, learning. Hero-lore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osmond.</i> <i>O’s</i>, hero; <i>mond</i>, hand, defence, protection,
+security. Hero-protection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osmun.</i> <i>O’s</i>, hero; <i>mund</i>, a hand. Heroic hand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osmus.</i> <i>O’s</i>, hero; <i>mús</i>, mouse, flesh, muscle. Heroic
+muscle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Osner.</i> <i>O’s</i>, hero; <i>nere</i>, refuge, safety, preservation. Heroic
+preservation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oswald.</i> <i>O’s</i>, hero; <i>wald</i>, ruler, governor, lord. Heroic
+ruler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ost.</i> <i>Ost</i>, East. Also, a knot, a scale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oster.</i> <i>Oster</i>, Easter.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[81]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Overholt.</i> <i>Ouer</i>, over; <i>holt</i>, a forest. Hill-forest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oxenford.</i> <i>Oxen</i>, from <i>oxan</i>, genitive of <i>oxa</i>, an ox; <i>ford</i>,
+a ford. The ford of the ox. Oxford, abbreviation of same.</p>
+
+<h4>P.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Palen.</i> <i>Pællen</i>, purple.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pennington.</i> <i>Pening</i>, a penny; <i>tún</i>, dwelling, house. A
+mint; a bank.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pepper.</i> <i>Peppor</i>, or <i>peopor</i>, pepper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Peppercorn.</i> <i>Peppor</i>, pepper; <i>corn</i>, corn. A peppercorn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pile.</i> <i>Píl</i>, a pile, dart, pole, stake.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pilking.</i> <i>Píl</i>, a pile, dart; <i>cyng</i>, a king, ruler, prince. Pile-king;
+warrior-king.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pilkington.</i> <i>Pilking</i>, Pilking; <i>tún</i>, house. Home of
+Pilking.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pitt.</i> <i>Pitt</i>, a well, a hole.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pitfield.</i> <i>Pitt</i>, a well; <i>feld</i>, a field, pasture, plain. A plain
+full of excavations.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pitkin.</i> <i>Pitt</i>, Pitt; <i>cyn</i>, kindred, posterity, nation. Pitt’s
+posterity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pitts.</i> <i>Pitt</i>, Pitt; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Pitt’s son; son of Pitt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pitman.</i> <i>Pitt</i>, a pit, a hole, a well; <i>man</i>, a man. A man
+who works in a pit; a pitman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pittenger.</i> <i>Pitt</i>, Pitt; <i>eng</i> for <i>ing</i>, descendant; <i>er</i>, a personal
+suffix. Descendant of Pitt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Plag.</i> <i>Plæga</i>, play, sport, pastime, wager.</p>
+
+<p><i>Plagman.</i> <i>Plæga</i>, play, pastime, wager; <i>man</i>, a man.
+Man of pleasure. Plagemann, a cognate form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Plumly.</i> <i>Plume</i>, a plum; <i>líc</i>, form, shape, substance.
+Plum-shape.</p>
+
+<p><i>Porter.</i> <i>Port</i>, port, haven, town, city, gate of a town; <i>er</i>,
+a personal suffix. A gate-keeper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Portman.</i> <i>Port</i>, a city; <i>man</i>, a man. A citizen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Preston.</i> <i>Preost</i>, a priest, presbyter, clergyman; <i>tún</i>, a
+house. A parsonage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Prevost.</i> <i>Prafost</i>, prevost, president.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[82]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Priestly</i>. <i>Preost</i>, a priest; <i>líc</i>, like. Priest-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pund.</i> <i>Púnd</i>, a pound, a fold.</p>
+
+<p><i>Punger.</i> <i>Pung</i>, a purse; <i>er</i>, a personal termination. A
+purser.</p>
+
+<p><i>Punt.</i> <i>Punt</i>, a boat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pusey.</i> <i>Púse</i>, a purse, a bag.</p>
+
+<p><i>Poole.</i> <i>Púl</i>, pronounced <i>pool</i>, a pool.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pyle.</i> <i>Pyle</i>, a pillow, a cushion. Pywell, perhaps, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pyne.</i> <i>Pín</i>, a pine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pyott.</i> <i>Pytt</i>, a pit, a well. Piatt, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<h4>Q.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Quain.</i> <i>Queán</i>, a barren cow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Queen.</i> <i>Quén</i>, a wife. Quen, Quein, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quick.</i> <i>Cwic</i>, quick, living, active.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quicksell.</i> <i>Cwic</i>, active; <i>sel</i>, a companion. An active
+companion. Quicksall, a slightly modified term.</p>
+
+<h4>R.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Raake.</i> <i>Ræce</i>, a rach, a setting dog.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rackham.</i> <i>Ræce</i>, Raake; <i>hám</i>, house. Home of Raake.</p>
+
+<p><i>Radcliff.</i> <i>Rád</i>, that on which one rides, a road; <i>clyf</i>, a
+rock, a steep descent. A road-cliff. Radcliffe, another
+spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Raddington.</i> <i>Ræding</i>, Reading; <i>tún</i>, town. Town of
+Reading.</p>
+
+<p><i>Raddish.</i> <i>Rædic</i>, from <i>rǽd</i>, red, and <i>isc</i>, an adjective termination
+denoting like. Red-like; a radish. Radisch, Radish,
+of similar origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rader.</i> <i>Rád</i>, traveling, journeying; <i>er</i>, a personal suffix.
+A traveler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Radeker.</i> <i>Rǽd</i>, red; <i>æcer</i>, acre, field, land. A red field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Radfield.</i> <i>Rǽd</i>, red; <i>feld</i>, a plain. A red plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Radford.</i> <i>Rǽd</i>, red; <i>fōrd</i>, a ford, a stream. A red ford.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[83]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Radley.</i> <i>Rǽd</i>, red; <i>líc</i>, like. Red-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rae.</i> <i>Rá</i>, a roebuck, a hart.</p>
+
+<p><i>Raeder.</i> <i>Rá-deór</i>, a roebuck.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rafferty.</i> <i>Ræfter</i>, a rafter, a perch. Doubtless, a corruption
+of <i>ræfter</i>, produced by removing <i>t</i>, and placing it at the
+end of the word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rahill.</i> <i>Rá</i>, a roe, a hart; <i>hill</i>, a hill. Roe-hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rahm.</i> <i>Ram</i>, or <i>ramm</i>, a ram. Rahme, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rahn.</i> <i>Rán</i>, a whale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rahner.</i> <i>Rán</i>, a whale; <i>er</i>, a personal suffix. A whaler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Raith.</i> <i>Ræth</i>, quick. Rath, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ramm.</i> <i>Ramm</i>, a ram, a male sheep.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rammage.</i> <i>Ram</i>, a ram; <i>mæg</i>, female. The female of
+the ram; an ewe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ramsey.</i> <i>Rammes-íg</i>, from <i>rammes</i>, genitive of <i>ramin</i>, ram;
+<i>ig</i>, an island. Isle of Ram. Ramsay, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ramson.</i> <i>Ram</i>, Ramm; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Ramm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ranck.</i> <i>Ranc</i>, proud, haughty, rebellious, rank, fruitful.
+Rancke, slightly altered form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rand.</i> <i>Rand</i>, a border, rim, edge, a shield, a bosc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Randall.</i> <i>Ran</i>, a deer; <i>dál</i>, or <i>dǽl</i>, a dale, a valley. Deer-valley.
+Randell, Randle, of like parentage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Randolph.</i> <i>Ran</i>, plunder, <i>dǽlf</i>, a delving, a digging.
+Plunder-delving.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rankin.</i> <i>Ran</i>, a deer; <i>cyn</i>, kin, race, tribe, kind. Deer-tribe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rankins.</i> <i>Rankin</i>, Rankin; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Rankin.
+Ranken, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ranks.</i> <i>Rank</i>, Rank, from <i>rænc</i>, pride, and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son.
+Son of Rank; son of pride.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rapp.</i> <i>Ráp</i>, a rope, a cord.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rapson.</i> <i>Ráp</i>, Rapp; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Rapp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rasbold.</i> <i>Rǽs</i>, a rush, an onset, an attack; <i>báld</i>, bold,
+audacious, courageous, honorable. A courageous attack.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rasch.</i> <i>Rǽs</i>, a rush, an onset, an attack.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[84]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Ratcliff.</i> <i>Ræt</i>, a rat; <i>clyf</i>, a nest. Rat-nest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rathfon.</i> <i>Rathe</i>, swift, nimble, ready; <i>fon</i>, a fan. A
+nimble fan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rau.</i> <i>Rawe</i>, head of hair.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rauch.</i> <i>Reác</i>, smoke, reek, vapor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Raucher.</i> <i>Reác</i>, smoke; <i>er</i>, a personal suffix. A smoker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rauchfuss.</i> <i>Reác</i>, smoke; <i>fús</i>, ready. Smoke ready.
+Ready for smoke.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rawle.</i> <i>Rǽw</i>, a corpse; <i>el</i>, denoting a person. Human
+corpse. Rawley, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rawlings.</i> <i>Rawl</i>, Rawl; <i>ingas</i>, sons of. Sons of Rawl,
+or Rawle. Rawlins, contraction of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rea.</i> <i>Rea</i>, a padder, a highwayman, an assailant, a
+stroller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reabey.</i> <i>Rea</i>, a highwayman; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. Dwelling
+of a highwayman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reabon.</i> <i>Rea</i>, an assailant; <i>bon</i>, fatal. A deadly assailant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reach.</i> <i>Reác</i>, smoke, reek, vapor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Read.</i> <i>Read</i>, red. Reade, Reed, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reading.</i> <i>Read</i>, Read; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Son of Read.
+Redding, of like origin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reardon.</i> <i>Reardian</i>, to speak, converse, read.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reaser.</i> <i>Reás</i>, rushed; <i>er</i>, a personal suffix. A hurried
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reath.</i> <i>Réthe</i>, savage, fierce, hard, severe, austere.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reck.</i> <i>Rec</i>, an interpreter, explainer. Recke, another
+spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reckefuss.</i> <i>Rec</i>, an interpreter; <i>fús</i>, ready. A ready interpreter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reckless.</i> <i>Recce-leas</i>, from <i>recc</i>, care; <i>leas</i>, free from. Free
+from care; careless; reckless.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reddick.</i> <i>Rædic</i>, a radish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reddington.</i> <i>Redding</i>, Redding; <i>tún</i>, house. Home of
+Redding.</p>
+
+<p><i>Redmond.</i> <i>Rǽd</i>, ready; <i>mond</i>, hand. Ready hand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Redner.</i> <i>Rǽd</i>, ready; <i>nere</i>, a refuge. A ready refuge.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[85]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Reece.</i> <i>Resce</i>, a rush. Rees, Reese, more modernized
+forms of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reeh.</i> <i>Reh</i>, a deluge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reehm.</i> <i>Hream</i>, a shout.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reel.</i> <i>Reol</i>, a reel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reen.</i> <i>Rén</i>, robbery. Perhaps, from <i>rén</i>, rain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reenan.</i> <i>Rínan</i>, pronounced <i>reenan</i>, to rain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Regelmann.</i> <i>Regel</i>, a rule, a law, a canon; <i>mann</i>, man.
+A ruler; a lawyer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rehfuss.</i> <i>Reh</i>, a deluge; <i>fús</i>, prompt, quick, ready. A
+ready deluge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rehm.</i> <i>Rem</i>, cream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rein.</i> <i>Rein</i>, pure, sincere, chaste.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reinhart.</i> <i>Rein</i>, sincere, pure, clean, chaste; <i>heart</i>, or
+<i>heort</i>, a heart. A pure heart.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reining.</i> <i>Rein</i>, Rein; <i>ing</i>, an offspring, a descendant.
+Son of Rein.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reinking.</i> <i>Rein</i>, sincere, honest; <i>cyng</i>, a king. An
+honest king.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reme.</i> <i>Rem</i>, cream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Remington.</i> <i>Rem</i>, Reme; <i>ing</i>, offspring; <i>tún</i>, town, dwelling.
+House of the son of Reme.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rench.</i> <i>Renc</i>, pride, arrogance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rendell.</i> <i>Rene</i>, a water-course; <i>dál</i>, a dale, a valley. A
+valley stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reneker.</i> <i>Reonig</i>, tired, weary, sad; <i>er</i>, a personal termination.
+A tired person; a mourner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Renne.</i> <i>Rene</i>, a course, race, life, a water-course. Sometimes
+written Renn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rennick.</i> <i>Rénig</i>, showery, having watery eyes, blear-eyed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Resch.</i> <i>Resce</i>, a rush.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ressler.</i> <i>Resele</i>, a riddle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Retter.</i> <i>Rét</i>, cheerful; <i>er</i>, denoting personality. A cheerful
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rhawn.</i> <i>Hrán</i>, Anglicised form would be <i>rhán</i>, a whale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rhea.</i> <i>Rǽh</i>, a doe, a roe.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[86]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rheem.</i> <i>Hream</i>, a shout, clamor, a crying out, wailing,
+hue and cry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rice.</i> <i>Rice</i>, power, dominion, greatness, kingdom, region.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riceman.</i> <i>Rice</i>, power, greatness; <i>man</i>, a man. A man
+of power; a person of influence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Richard.</i> <i>Rice</i>, or <i>riche</i>, rich, powerful, mighty; <i>ard</i>, implying
+an ensign of office. A mighty ruler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Richardson.</i> <i>Richard</i>, Richard; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Richard.
+Richards, contraction for the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Richmond.</i> <i>Riche</i>, mighty, powerful; <i>mond</i>, a hand. A
+mighty hand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ridd.</i> <i>Rídda</i>, a knight, a rider.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rider.</i> <i>Ríd-ere</i>, from <i>rídan</i>, to ride, sit or rest upon, press;
+<i>ere</i>, implying person. A rider; a knight. Ryder, from the
+same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ridge.</i> <i>Ricg</i>, a stack, a back.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ridings.</i> <i>Rid</i>, Ridd; <i>ings</i>, descendants of. Sons of Ridd.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riegel.</i> <i>Rige</i>, rye; <i>el</i>, a termination denoting a person.
+A rye-man; a cultivator of rye; baker of rye-bread.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riegg.</i> <i>Rige</i>, rye, by transposing the positions of <i>g</i> and <i>e</i>,
+becomes Rieg, and this differs from the name under consideration
+only in the absence of the additional <i>g</i>. Rigg, of
+similar import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riehl.</i> <i>Rihel</i>, doubtless the original, is from <i>rih</i>, hairy,
+rough, and <i>el</i>, denoting personality. A hairy man; a rough
+person. Riehle, Rile, Riley, of analogous derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riff.</i> <i>Rif</i>, a womb. Rife, perhaps, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riffert.</i> <i>Rifter</i>, a sickle, a reaper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rigby.</i> <i>Rig</i>, Rigg; <i>bý</i>, habitation. Dwelling of Rigg.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rigger.</i> <i>Rigg</i>, Rigg; <i>er</i>, implying person. One who is a
+Rigg.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riggin.</i> <i>Rigg</i>, Rigg; <i>in</i>, an inn, a dwelling. Rigg’s inn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riggins.</i> <i>Riggin</i>, Riggin; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Riggin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riggs.</i> <i>Rigg</i>, Rigg; <i>s</i> for sun, son. Son of Rigg.</p>
+
+<p><i>Righter.</i> <i>Riht-ere</i>, from <i>riht</i>, right, justice, law, true, just;
+<i>ere</i>, denoting a person. A governor; a ruler.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[87]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rightley.</i> <i>Riht-líce</i>, from <i>riht</i>, right, just; <i>líce</i>, like, ly.
+Right-like; rightly; justly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riling.</i> <i>Ril</i>, Ril, Riehl; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Descendant of
+Riehl. Rilling, of similar significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rimby.</i> <i>Rím</i>, a number, reckoning, computation, calendar;
+<i>bý</i>, a habitation. Home of an arithmetician.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rimer.</i> <i>Rím</i>, number, reckoning, calendar; <i>er</i>, a personal
+suffix. An arithmetician; a reckoner; an astronomer.
+Rimmer, derivable from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rind.</i> <i>Rind</i>, the rind, bark; <i>fús</i>, ready. Prepared bark.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rindge.</i> <i>Hrincg</i>, or <i>ringe</i>, a ring.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rinear.</i> <i>Rín</i>, course, course of years, life; <i>ear</i>, ocean, sea.
+Life-sea; sea of life.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rinehart.</i> <i>Rín</i>, race, course: <i>heort</i>, the heart. Race-heart;
+rapid heart-action.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ringe.</i> <i>Ringe</i>, a ring. Ring, an abbreviated form of the
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ringeisen.</i> <i>Ringe</i>, a ring; <i>isen</i>, made of iron. An iron
+ring.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ringer.</i> <i>Ringe</i>, a ring; <i>er</i>, denoting a person. Ring-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ringgold.</i> <i>Ringe</i>, a ring; <i>gold</i>, gold. A gold ring. Ring-gold,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ringle.</i> <i>Ringe</i>, a ring; <i>el</i>, a termination denoting a person.
+Ring-wearer; betrothed lady.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ringley.</i> <i>Ringe</i>, a ring; <i>líce</i>, like, ley, ly. Ring-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rink.</i> <i>Rinc</i>, a soldier, warrior, hero, a valiant or honorable
+man, a man. Rinick, doubtless, a corruption of the
+same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rinker.</i> <i>Rinc</i>, a warrior, a valiant man; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rínne</i>. <i>Rine</i>, a race, course, life.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ripley.</i> <i>Ríp</i>, harvest, reaping; <i>ley</i>, a song. A harvest-song.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ripp.</i> <i>Ríp</i>, harvest, reaping.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[88]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rippel.</i> <i>Ríp</i>, harvest, reaping; <i>el</i>, denoting a person. A
+reaper; a harvester.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ripperger.</i> <i>Ríp</i>, harvest; <i>earg</i>, weak, evil, wretched, idle;
+<i>ere</i>, a person. An idle harvester.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rishel.</i> <i>Risel</i>, a handle. Rishell, Rissell, other spellings.</p>
+
+<p><i>Risdon.</i> <i>Rísendan</i>, a jangling fellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Risk.</i> <i>Risce</i>, a rush.</p>
+
+<p><i>Risley.</i> <i>Risel</i>, doubtless, first changed to <i>risle</i>, a handle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ristine.</i> <i>Ríst</i>, Rist; <i>ine</i> for <i>in</i>, an inn, a dwelling. Rist’s
+inn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ritner.</i> <i>Rit</i>, ears of corn, a heap of fruit, corn, or grain;
+<i>nere</i>, support, protect, refuge. Corn-support.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ritter.</i> <i>Rít</i>, rides; <i>ere</i>, a person. A rider.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ritterson.</i> <i>Ritter</i>, Ritter; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Ritter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roach.</i> <i>Reohche</i>, a roach, a thornback. Roache, Roche,
+Roatch, Roesch, Roetsck, cognate forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roat.</i> <i>Rót</i>, cheerful, rejoicing, splendid, adorned.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roats.</i> <i>Roat</i>, Roat; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Roat. Roetz,
+possibly, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodbard.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>beard</i>, beard. Red beard. Robert is,
+in Anglo-Saxon, Rod-beard, and doubtless comes from the
+same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodd.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodden.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>ian</i>, indicative of a verb. Redden;
+make red.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roddy.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Ruddy;
+florid.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rode.</i> <i>Reód</i>, a reed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodearmel.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>earm</i>, arm; <i>el</i>, indicating a person.
+A red-armed person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodebaugh.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>bæc</i>, back. Red back. Rodenbaugh,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodel.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>el</i>, a personal suffix. A person of
+ruddy complexion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodgers.</i> <i>Rodger</i>, from <i>reod</i>, red; <i>ierre</i>, anger, indignation,
+fury; and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Rodger; son of red-visaged
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[89]</span>anger. Rodgerson is an unabbreviated form of the name,
+and Rogers a slight modification thereof.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodig.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Ruddy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodiger.</i> <i>Rodig</i>, ruddy; <i>er</i>, a person. A ruddy person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodine.</i> <i>Rod</i>, Rode; <i>inne</i>, an inn. Rode’s inn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodisch.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>isc</i>, an adjective termination denoting
+the external quality of a subject. Reddish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodman.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>mann</i>, man. A ruddy man; a red-complexioned
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodner.</i> <i>Reod</i>, red; <i>nere</i>, support, protection. A zealous
+support. Perhaps, from <i>rǽdanere</i>, a reader, an interpreter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodney.</i> <i>Rǽdne</i>, law, counsel, control, condition.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rodrick.</i> <i>Roder</i>, firmament, sky, heavens; <i>ríce</i>, power,
+dominion, greatness, kingdom. Heavenly power. Roderick,
+a more closely related form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roe.</i> <i>Rá</i>, pronounced <i>rō</i>, a roe, a doe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roebuck.</i> <i>Rá</i>, a roe; <i>buc</i>, a buck. A roebuck.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roeck.</i> <i>Roec</i>, smoke.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roecker.</i> <i>Roec</i>, smoke; <i>er</i>, a person. A smoker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roeckle.</i> <i>Roec</i>, smoke; <i>le</i> for <i>el</i>, denoting a person. A
+reeking, steaming person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roedel.</i> <i>Rá</i>, a roe; <i>dǽl</i>, a dale, a valley. The vale of the
+roe. Roedell, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roeder.</i> <i>Rá-deór</i>, a roebuck.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roeger.</i> <i>Rǽge</i>, pronounced <i>ro-ge</i>, a roe, a doe; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. A roe-hunter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roegler.</i> <i>Rǽge</i>, a roe; <i>lǽr</i>, learning. Roe-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roehl.</i> <i>Hreol</i>, a reel. <i>Roell</i>, of kindred meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roehler.</i> <i>Hreol</i>, a reel; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A spinster; a
+dancer. Roeller, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roehm.</i> <i>Rá</i>, roe; <i>hm</i> for <i>hám</i>, home, dwelling, habitation.
+Home of the roe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roellig.</i> <i>Hreol</i>, a reel; <i>ig</i>, an adjective ending. Reeling;
+whirling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roeper.</i> <i>Reapere</i>, pronounced <i>roepere</i>, a seizer, spoiler,
+robber.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[90]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Roerich.</i> <i>Rá</i>, roe; <i>ríce</i>, a region, a country. The region
+of the roebuck.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roese.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roeser.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A rose-grower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roessing.</i> <i>Roess</i>, Roese; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Son of Roese.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roessler.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose; <i>lǽr</i>, lore, learning. Rose-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roff.</i> <i>Róf</i>, famous, renowned, illustrious, brave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roffel.</i> <i>Róf</i>, famous, illustrious; <i>el</i>, denoting a person.
+A famous person. Roffle, of kindred signification.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rogge.</i> <i>Rǽge</i>, pronounced <i>rōge</i>, a roe, a doe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rohde.</i> <i>Ród</i>, pronounced <i>rohd</i>, genitive <i>rohde</i>, rood, cross.
+Belonging to the cross.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rohe.</i> <i>Reoh</i>, rough, fierce, stormy, cruel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rohlfing.</i> <i>Hreol</i>, a reel; <i>fing</i>, doubtless, a contraction of
+<i>finger</i>, a finger. The reel-finger. Perhaps the name is derivable
+from <i>hreol</i>, a reel, and <i>fiong</i>, hatred. Hatred of the reel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rohm.</i> <i>Róm</i>, pronounced <i>Rohm</i>, Rome.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rohman.</i> <i>Róman</i>, pronounced <i>Rohman</i>, genitive of <i>Róm</i>.
+Belonging to Rome.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roland.</i> <i>Row</i>, sweet, quiet; <i>land</i>, land, ground, earth,
+field, region, country. Sweet land; quiet country. Rolan,
+Rowland, kindred terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rolen.</i> <i>Row</i>, sweet; <i>leán</i>, reward, price. Sweet reward.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rolf.</i> <i>Row</i>, quiet, restful; <i>lf</i> for <i>líf</i>, life. A quiet life.
+Roloff, Rolph, cognate terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rolfing.</i> <i>Rolf</i>, Rolf; <i>ing</i>, offspring, descendant. Son
+of Rolf.</p>
+
+<p><i>Romberg.</i> <i>Róm</i>, Rome; <i>beorg</i>, a hill fortification, citadel,
+defence, refuge. Citadel of Rome.</p>
+
+<p><i>Romberger.</i> <i>Róm</i>, Rome; <i>beorg-ere</i>, defender of a citadel.
+Defender of the citadel of Rome.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rombold.</i> <i>Róm</i>, Rome; <i>báld</i>, bold, courageous. Courageous
+Rome.</p>
+
+<p><i>Romel.</i> <i>Róm</i>, Rome; <i>el</i>, denoting a person. Citizen of
+Rome. Rommel, Rommell, of like origin.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[91]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Romig.</i> <i>Reómig</i>, tired, weary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rommelman.</i> <i>Rommel</i>, Romel; <i>man</i>, a servant. The
+servant of Romel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Romoser.</i> <i>Róm</i>, Rome; <i>O’ster</i>, Easter. Roman Easter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ronald.</i> <i>Rún</i>, pronounced <i>rown</i>, a letter, magical character,
+mystery, council, meditation, conversation; <i>ald</i>, an
+age. An age of mystery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ronaldson.</i> <i>Ronald</i>, Ronald; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Ronald.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ronan.</i> <i>Rúnan</i>, pronounced <i>rownan</i>, a whisperer, a sorcerer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rone.</i> <i>Rún</i>, a letter, a mystery, a council; <i>e</i>, indicating
+person. A man of mysteries; a sage. Roney, Rooney,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rood.</i> <i>Ród</i>, pronounced <i>rood</i>, rood, cross.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roof.</i> <i>Róf</i>, pronounced <i>roof</i>, top, the highest part of a
+house or chamber.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roohr.</i> <i>Rure</i>, pronounced <i>ruher</i>, a noise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rook.</i> <i>Róc</i>, pronounced <i>rook</i>, a rook. Rooke, Ruch,
+Ruck, other spellings.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rooks.</i> <i>Rook</i>, Rook: <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Rook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rookstool.</i> <i>Rook</i>, Rook; <i>stól</i>, pronounced <i>stool</i>, seat,
+chair, throne. Rook’s chair or throne.</p>
+
+<p><i>Room.</i> <i>Rúm</i>, pronounced <i>rowm</i>, room, space, place,
+wide, open, spacious, ample, of good cheer or heart, august,
+fortunate. Roome, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roomes.</i> <i>Roome</i>, Room; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Room.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roop.</i> <i>Roop</i>, <i>rop</i>, a distaff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Root.</i> <i>Rúte</i>, pronounced originally <i>rowte</i>, rue, a plant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roots.</i> <i>Root</i>, Root; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roper.</i> <i>Rop</i>, a distaff; <i>er</i>, a person. The woman who
+twirls the distaff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roppel.</i> <i>Rop</i>, a distaff; <i>el</i>, a personal ending. A distaff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roray.</i> <i>Rure</i>, pronounced <i>ruhr-e</i>, a noise, the final <i>e</i>
+taking the French sound of <i>a</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rorer.</i> <i>Rure</i>, a noise; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who makes a
+noise; a babbler; a prattler.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">[92]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rose.</i> <i>Rose</i>, pronounced <i>raws</i>, a rose. Ross, Rosse,
+Roos, analogous forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosebery.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose; <i>berige</i>, a berry. The fruit of the
+rose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roseman.</i> <i>Rose</i>, Rose; <i>man</i>, a servant. A servant of
+Rose. Rosemann, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosen.</i> <i>Rose</i>, Rose; <i>en</i>, resembling. Resembling Rose;
+rosy; blooming.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosenacker.</i> <i>Rosen</i>, Rosen; <i>æcer</i>, acre. Rosen’s acre;
+ground belonging to Rosen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosenfeld.</i> <i>Rosen</i>, Rosen; <i>feld</i>, field, pasture, plain.
+Rosen’s field; a blooming pasture. Rosenfelt, from the
+same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosensky.</i> <i>Rosen</i>, rosy, flushed; Danish <i>sky</i>, a cloud. A
+crimson cloud.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosewarne.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose; <i>wearn</i>, a hindrance, obstacle,
+resistance, denial. Rose-obstacle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosewig.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose; <i>wig</i>, war, warfare, battle. Rose-warfare.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roskeep.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose; <i>ceáp</i>, a bargain, sale, business,
+chattel. Rose-sale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosney.</i> <i>Rose</i>, a rose; <i>ney</i>, from the Irish, an individual,
+an agent. Rose-dealer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rost.</i> <i>Rǽst</i>, pronounced <i>rost</i>, rest, repose, a place of rest,
+a bed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rowan.</i> <i>Rówan</i>, pronounced <i>roow-an</i>, to row, to sail.
+Rowand, Roan, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rowe.</i> <i>Reowe</i>, an Irish mantle or rug, soldier’s cloak, a
+frieze cassock, a priest’s garment. Row, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rowson.</i> <i>Row</i>, Rowe; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Rowe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rox.</i> <i>Rocks</i>, from <i>Rock</i>, Rock; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>. Son of Rock.
+Rock is from the Irish <i>roc</i>, pronounced <i>rokh</i>, a rock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roxberry.</i> <i>Roxbury</i>, from <i>Rox</i>, Rox, and <i>byrig</i>, a town, a
+city. Town of Rox.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roxbrough.</i> <i>Roxborough</i>, from <i>Rox</i>, Rox, and <i>burh</i>, a
+town, a city. Town of Rox.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[93]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rucher.</i> <i>Róc</i>, a rook; <i>er</i>, indicative of a person. One
+who acts like a rook; a croaker. In the South of Germany
+<i>ruch</i>, a rook, is the form of the word, and this agrees much
+better with the name under consideration.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruckman.</i> <i>Ruck</i>, Ruck; <i>man</i>, a servant. Ruck’s servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rucks.</i> <i>Ruck</i>, Ruck; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Ruck.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudd.</i> <i>Rud</i>, red, ruddy. Later <i>rud</i>, became a noun, and
+signified redness, blush, ruddle, red ochre, and a river-fish.
+The last-named, from its red eyes, was called the rudd, or
+red-eye.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudden.</i> <i>Rud</i>, red, ruddy; <i>en</i>, a termination of adjectives
+and participles. Make red; ruddy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudduck.</i> <i>Rudduc</i>, robin-red-breast. Ruddick, Ruddach,
+Ruddock, kindred names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruddiman.</i> <i>Rud</i>, ruddy; <i>ig</i>, an adjective ending; <i>man</i>, a
+man. A ruddy man. Rudman, Rudmann, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruddy.</i> <i>Rud</i>, ruddy; <i>ig</i>, implying an adjective. Ruddy.
+Rudy, of same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruder.</i> <i>Rud</i>, ruddy; <i>er</i>, a person. A ruddy person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudge.</i> <i>Rud</i>, red; <i>íge</i>, an island. Red island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudhart.</i> <i>Rud</i>, red, ruddy; <i>heort</i>, a hart. A ruddy
+stag.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudling.</i> <i>Rud</i>, ruddy; <i>ling</i>, denoting state or condition
+of a person, an image, an example. Healthy condition;
+picture of health.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudloff.</i> <i>Rud</i>, redness, blush; <i>lóf</i>, praise. Blush-praise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rudolph.</i> <i>Rud</i>, red ochre, red iron-ore; <i>dǽlf</i>, pronounced
+<i>dolf</i>, a delving, a digging. Iron-digging.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruf.</i> <i>Hróf</i>, or <i>róf</i>, a roof, a raised part. Perhaps, from
+<i>róf</i>, famous, renowned, illustrious. Rufe, Ruff, Ruoff, of
+kindred signification.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruffell.</i> <i>Hróf</i>, a roof, a raised part; <i>el</i>, denoting a person.
+A roof-rearer; a ruff-wearer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rumbol.</i> <i>Rúm</i>, room, space, place; <i>bol</i>, a sleeping-room.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[94]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rumboltz.</i> <i>Rúm</i>, a room; <i>boltes</i>, genitive of <i>bolt</i>, a house.
+Room of a dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rumel.</i> <i>Rúm</i>, a room; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A
+room-mate. Rummel, Rummell, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rumford.</i> <i>Rúm</i>, wide, spacious, ample; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A
+spacious ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rumig.</i> <i>Rúm</i>, a room; <i>ig</i>, an adjective ending. Roomy;
+spacious; ample.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rumsey.</i> <i>Rúm</i>, room, space, place; <i>rumes</i>, genitive of
+space; <i>íg</i>, an island. A spacious island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Runner.</i> <i>Rún</i>, pronounced <i>roon</i>, mystery; <i>ere</i>, a person.
+A dealer in mysteries; a sorcerer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Runser.</i> <i>Rún-seó-ere</i>, from <i>rún</i>, a secret; <i>seó</i>, I see; <i>ere</i>,
+a person. A foreteller of secrets.</p>
+
+<p><i>Runyon.</i> <i>Rún-ian</i>, to whisper, to speak mysteriously,
+from <i>rún</i>, a mystery, and <i>ian</i>, a verbal ending.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rusch.</i> <i>Risce</i>, pronounced <i>reesche</i>, a rush. Rush, Rusk,
+from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rusher.</i> <i>Rush</i>, Rush; <i>er</i>, a person. One who is a Rush;
+son of Rush; one who uses the rush.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rushman.</i> <i>Rush</i>, Rush; <i>man</i>, a servant. A servant of
+Rush; a rush-collector.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rushmire.</i> <i>Risce</i>, rush; <i>mere</i>, a mere, lake, pool. A rush-pool.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rushton.</i> <i>Rush</i>, Rush; <i>tún</i>, town, house. Home of Rush;
+habitation of the rush.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rushworth.</i> <i>Rush</i>, Rush; <i>weordh</i>, worth, worthy, honorable.
+An estimable Rush; value of rushes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rust.</i> <i>Rust</i>, rust, rustiness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruth.</i> <i>Rúte</i>, rue, a bitter herb. From the bitter property
+of the rue, we have <i>ruth</i>, expressive of pity, sorrow, tenderness
+for the misery of another, mercy. Rutt, more closely
+related to derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rutnard.</i> <i>Ruth</i>, rue, pity, sorrow; <i>ard</i>, an ensign of office,
+such as a pole, staff, etc. A physician; a clergyman; a consoler.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[95]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rutherford.</i> <i>Ruther</i>, Rutter; <i>ford</i>, a ford. Rutter’s ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruths.</i> <i>Ruth</i>, Ruth; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Ruth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rutledge.</i> <i>Rúte</i>, rue; <i>leger</i>, place for laying or lying, as
+bed, couch, grave, churchyard. Rue-bed; a bed of rue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rutter.</i> <i>Rutt</i>, Rutt, or Ruth; <i>ere</i>, a person. A descendant
+of Rutt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruttley.</i> <i>Rutt</i>, Rutt; <i>ley</i> for <i>líc</i>, having the form of. Resembling
+Rutt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruttman.</i> <i>Rutt</i>, Rutt; <i>man</i>, a servant. Rutt’s servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rutty.</i> <i>Rúte</i>, rue; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Like rue.
+Or, <i>Rutt</i>, Rutt; <i>ig</i>, expressing the quality of. Having the
+character of Rutt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rutz.</i> <i>Rutts</i>, from <i>Rutt</i>, Rutt; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Rutt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruwell.</i> <i>Ruw</i>, rough, hairy; <i>el</i>, denoting a person. A
+rough, or hairy person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ruxton.</i> <i>Rucks</i>, Rucks; <i>tún</i>, town, habitation. Home of
+Rucks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ryer.</i> <i>Rye</i>, hairy; <i>ere</i>, a person. A hairy person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ryerson.</i> <i>Ryer</i>, Ryer; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Ryer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ryers.</i> <i>Ryer</i>, Ryer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Ryer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ryland.</i> <i>Rye</i>, hairy, rough; <i>land</i>, ground, earth, region,
+country. A rough country.</p>
+
+<h4>S.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Saake.</i> <i>Sæc</i>, pronounced <i>sahke</i>, war, battle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saal.</i> <i>Sæl</i>, pronounced <i>sahal</i>, a hall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saam.</i> <i>Sǽme</i>, pronounced <i>sā-am</i>, weak, slow, lazy, bad.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sabin.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>bin</i>, a crib, a manger, a bin, a hatch.
+Sea-crib. Sabine, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sabins.</i> <i>Sabin</i>, Sabin; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sabin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sabold.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>bóld</i>, a house. A sea-house; a
+ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sabot.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>bát</i>, boat. A sea-boat; a ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sacal.</i> <i>Sacol</i>, from <i>sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>cól</i>, coal. Sea-coal.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">[96]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sach.</i> <i>Sæc</i>, pronounced <i>săc</i>, a sack, a bag. Sack, of like
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sachs.</i> <i>Sach</i>, Sach; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sach. Saches,
+Sachse, Sacks, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sackwright.</i> <i>Sæc</i>, a sack; <i>wyrhta</i>, a workman, artificer,
+wright, maker. A sack-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saddington.</i> <i>Sæd</i>, pronounced <i>sad</i>, satisfied, sated; <i>dincg</i>,
+broken or fallow ground; <i>tún</i>, a farm. A farm of sated, fallow
+ground.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sadler.</i> <i>Sadel</i>, a saddle; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A saddle-maker.
+Sadleir, Saddler, cognate terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sæger.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>ger</i>, a year. Sea-year.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saffer.</i> <i>Sæfn</i>, pronounced <i>safn</i>, a dream; <i>er</i>, an agent.
+A dreamer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saffin.</i> <i>Sæfn</i>, pronounced <i>safin</i>, a dream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Safford.</i> <i>Sæfn</i>, a dream; <i>órd</i>, author. Dream-author.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sage.</i> <i>Sage</i>, a sage, a wise man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sagee.</i> <i>Sage</i>, a sage; <i>e</i>, denoting a derivative adjective.
+Wise; philosophical.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sagehorn.</i> <i>Sage</i>, a sage; <i>horn</i>, a pinnacle, a trumpet. A
+sage’s trumpet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sager.</i> <i>Sage</i>, a sage; <i>ere</i>, a person. A man of wisdom.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sagers.</i> <i>Sager</i>, Sager; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sager.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saget.</i> <i>Sage</i>, a sage; <i>æt</i>, meat, food. The food of a
+sage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sague.</i> <i>Sag</i>, pronounced <i>săg</i>, a sack.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saiger.</i> <i>Sag</i>, a sack; <i>er</i>, an agent. A sack-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sainsbury.</i> <i>Sanctes</i>, genitive of <i>sanct</i>, a saint; <i>bury</i>, from
+<i>beorh</i>, a place of burial. Saint’s burying-place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sale.</i> <i>Sæl</i>, pronounced <i>sā-el</i>, a cord, a strap. Saile, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saler.</i> <i>Sæl</i>, a cord; <i>er</i>, an agent. A cord-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sales.</i> <i>Sale</i>, Sale; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Salfinger</i>. <i>Sæl</i>, a cord; <i>finger</i>, a finger. Cord-finger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Salin.</i> <i>Sale</i>, Sale; <i>in</i>, a habitation. Sale’s dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saling.</i> <i>Sale</i>, Sale; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Descendant of Sale.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">[97]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Salinger.</i> <i>Saling</i>, Saling; <i>er</i>, an agent. A servant of
+Saling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Salisbury.</i> <i>Salis</i>, Sale’s; <i>beorh</i>, a burrow, or barrow.
+Sale’s barrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saalmann.</i> <i>Sæl</i>, pronounced <i>sa-al</i>, a hall; <i>mann</i>, a man.
+Hall-man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Salt.</i> <i>Salt</i>, salt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Salter.</i> <i>Salt</i>, salt; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A manufacturer of salt.
+Also, from <i>saltere</i>, a psaltery, a dulcimer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Salters.</i> <i>Salter</i>, Salter; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Salter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sanborn.</i> <i>Sand</i>, earth; <i>born</i>, born. Earth-born.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sand.</i> <i>Sand</i>, sand, earth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sandberg.</i> <i>Sand</i>, sand; <i>berg</i>, a hill. A sand-hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sandberger.</i> <i>Sandberg</i>, a sand-hill; <i>er</i>, an agent. A sand-hill
+dweller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sander.</i> <i>Sand</i>, sand, earth; <i>er</i>, an agent, or doer. A sand-digger.
+Saner, a contraction of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sanders.</i> <i>Sander</i>, Sander; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sander.
+Saunders, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sanderson.</i> <i>Sander</i>, Sander; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sander.
+Saunderson, similarly derived.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sandford.</i> <i>Sand</i>, sand; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A sandy ford.
+Sanford, an abbreviation of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sandgran.</i> <i>Sand</i>, sand; Latin <i>granum</i>, a grain. A grain
+of sand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sandgren.</i> <i>Sand</i>, sand; <i>grene</i>, green. Green sand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sands.</i> <i>Sand</i>, Sand; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sandy.</i> <i>Sand-ig</i>, from <i>sand</i>, sand, and <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+ending. Sandy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sangborne.</i> <i>Sang</i>, song; <i>born</i>, born. Song-born.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sanger.</i> <i>Sang</i>, a song; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A singer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sangers.</i> <i>Sanger</i>, a singer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sanger;
+son of a singer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sank.</i> <i>Sanc</i>, a song.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sapp.</i> <i>Sæpp</i>, pronounced <i>sapp</i>, sap, juice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sappel.</i> <i>Sæpp</i>, sap, juice; <i>el</i>, an agent. A sapper.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">[98]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sapper.</i> <i>Sæpp</i>, sap; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A sapper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sappington.</i> <i>Sæpp</i>, sap; <i>ing</i>, denoting action; <i>tún</i>, town,
+village. A sapping town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sarfert.</i> <i>Sár</i>, wound, sore, pain, grief; <i>ferht</i>, fright, fear.
+Pain-fear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saring.</i> <i>Sár</i>, a wound; <i>ing</i>, expressive of action. Wound-producing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sattler.</i> <i>Sætel</i>, pronounced <i>sahtel</i>, a seat; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A settler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saul.</i> <i>Sáwl</i>, pronounced <i>sáw-el</i>, a soul. Saull, of like
+import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saulnier.</i> <i>Sául</i>, a soul; <i>nere</i>, refuge, preservation. Soul-refuge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saulsberry.</i> <i>Sáules</i>, genitive of <i>sául</i>, a soul; <i>berry</i>, from
+<i>byrig</i>, a city. Saul’s city; city of the soul.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saulsburg.</i> <i>Saul’s</i>, genitive of Saul; <i>burg</i>, a city. Saul’s
+city.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sawyer.</i> <i>Sáwere</i>, pronounced <i>saw-yere</i>, a sower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sawyers.</i> <i>Sawyer</i>, Sawyer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Sawyer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sax.</i> <i>Sachs</i>, from <i>Sach</i>, Sach, and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Sach. Saxe, of kindred meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saxer.</i> <i>Sax</i>, Sax; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A servant of Sax.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saxton.</i> <i>Sax</i>, Sax; <i>tún</i>, town, house. Home of Sax.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saybolt.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>bolt</i>, a house, a dwelling. A sea-house;
+a ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sayer.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A navigator. Sayre,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sayers.</i> <i>Sayer</i>, Sayer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sayer.
+Sayres, a cognate form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Saylor.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>lǽr</i>, pronounced <i>lore</i>, doctrine.
+Sea-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scank.</i> <i>Scanca</i>, the hollow bone of the leg, the shank.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scanlan.</i> <i>Scand</i>, shame, modesty, disgrace; <i>land</i>, land,
+earth, region, country. Disgraced region. Scanlin, Scanlon
+of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">[99]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Scannell.</i> <i>Scand</i>, shame, disgrace; <i>el</i>, a personal suffix.
+A person in disgrace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scarborough.</i> <i>Scear</i>, an estate, landed property; <i>burh</i>, a
+town, a city. The landed property of a town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scattergood.</i> <i>Sceat-wer</i>, a shooter; <i>gud</i>, good. A good
+shooter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schaab.</i> <i>Sceabb</i>, or <i>scæb</i>, a scab.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schaaf.</i> <i>Sceaf</i>, pronounced <i>skaaf</i>, a sheaf, a bundle of
+corn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schaal.</i> <i>Sceale</i>, pronounced <i>skaal</i>, a school. Schall, of
+like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schaar.</i> <i>Scear</i>, pronounced <i>skaar</i>, a share, a fortune, an
+estate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schaker.</i> <i>Sceacere</i>, pronounced <i>skaker</i>, a thief.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schaler.</i> <i>Sceale</i>, a school; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A scholar.
+Schaller, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schallinger.</i> <i>Sceale</i>, a school; <i>ing</i>, expressive of action;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. One who is acquiring his schooling; a
+scholar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scham.</i> <i>Scame</i>, pronounced <i>skam</i>, shame, disgrace,
+nakedness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schamel.</i> <i>Sceamel</i>, a stool, footstool, bench, form, desk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schell.</i> <i>Scell</i>, a shell, a rind, a cavity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scobel.</i> <i>Scobl</i>, a shovel.</p>
+
+<p id="Scofield"><i>Scofield.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, shoe; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain. A shoe-field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scollean.</i> <i>Scól-lean</i>, from <i>scólu</i>, a school, and <i>lean</i>, reward.
+A school-reward. Scollan, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scollay.</i> <i>Scól-ley</i>, from <i>scólu</i>, a school, and <i>ley</i>, a song.
+A school-song.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scollin.</i> <i>Scól-in</i>, from <i>scólu</i>, a school, and <i>in</i>, a habitation.
+A school-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scollon.</i> <i>Scól-lond</i>, from <i>scólu</i>, a school, and <i>lond</i>, land.
+School-land.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scorr.</i> <i>Score</i>, the shore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scotland.</i> <i>Scot</i>, shot, payment; <i>land</i>, land. Payment-land.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">[100]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Scotney.</i> <i>Scot</i>, shot, payment; <i>ney</i>, from the Irish, implying
+an agent. A paymaster.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scott.</i> <i>Scot</i>, shot, payment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scouler.</i> <i>Scolere</i>, a scholar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scovel.</i> <i>Scofl</i>, a shovel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scudder.</i> <i>Sculder</i>, a shoulder.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seabert.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>beorht</i>, bright. Sea-bright.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seabold.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>bóld</i>, a house. A sea-house; a
+ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seabourne.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>burne</i>, a stream. A sea-current.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seabrook.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>bróc</i>, a brook. A sea-brook; a
+rivulet that empties into the sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seagrove.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>græf</i>, a grove. A sea-grove; a
+grove near the sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seafert.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>ferdh</i>, a spirit. A sea-sprite.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seal.</i> <i>Seal</i>, a willow, a sallow. Seel, an analogous name.
+Perhaps, from <i>seal</i>, a seal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sealey.</i> <i>Seal</i>, a willow; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Willowy; abounding with willows. Sealy, Seely, Seeley,
+similarly derived.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seals.</i> <i>Seal</i>, Seal; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Seal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seaman.</i> <i>Sǽ-mann</i>, a sea-man. Seeman, Seemann,
+kindred names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seamans.</i> <i>Seaman</i>, Seaman; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Seaman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seamen.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>men</i>, plural of <i>man</i>. Seamen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seamens.</i> <i>Seamen</i>, Seamen; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Seamen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seamon.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>mon</i>, man. A sea-man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seanor.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>nor</i>, for north. North Sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Search.</i> <i>Serce</i>, a shirt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Searchfield.</i> <i>Search</i>, Search; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain. Search’s
+field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sear.</i> <i>Sear</i>, from <i>searian</i>, to sear, to dry up. Dry;
+withered.</p>
+
+<p><i>Searing.</i> <i>Sear</i>, Sear; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Son of Sear.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">[101]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Searle.</i> <i>Sear-el</i>, from <i>sear</i>, sear, and <i>el</i>, denoting a personal
+noun. A withered person; an aged person. Searl,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Searles.</i> <i>Searle</i>, Searle; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Searle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sears.</i> <i>Sear</i>, Sear; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seary.</i> <i>Sear</i>, dry, withered; <i>ig</i>, denoting an adjective.
+Withered. Seeary, an analogous term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seaton.</i> <i>Sǽ</i>, the sea; <i>tún</i>, a town. A sea-town; a sea-port.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sebald.</i> <i>Sé</i>, pronounced <i>se</i>, the sea; <i>báld</i>, bold, audacious.
+Sea-daring.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seckel.</i> <i>Sec</i>, battle; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seckinger.</i> <i>Sec</i>, war, battle; <i>cyng</i>, a king, ruler, prince;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. A warrior-king.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seddinger.</i> Perhaps, from <i>Sedling</i>, an Ethiopian, and <i>ere</i>,
+an agent. A slave-trader. Sedenger, a corruption of the
+same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sedgwick.</i> <i>Secg</i>, warrior, soldier; <i>wic</i>, a camp, a station.
+A military camp.</p>
+
+<p><i>See.</i> <i>Sé</i>, pronounced <i>sē</i>, the sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seebach.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>bæc</i>, pronounced <i>bāc</i>, back. An
+ebbing sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seeber.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>bere</i>, a bear. A sea-bear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seeberger.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>berg</i>, a mountain, a hill; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. One that occupies a sea-mountain; a mermaid. Seeburger,
+of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seebeth.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; Irish <i>beth</i>, a house. A sea-house;
+a bath-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seed.</i> <i>Séd</i>, pronounced <i>sēd</i>, seed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seeds.</i> <i>Seed</i>, Seed; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Seed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seefelder.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A follower of the sea-plain; a seafaring man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seegrist.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>grist</i>, grist, a grinding. Sea-grist;
+sea-grinding. Segrest, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seehofer.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>hofer</i>, a humpback. The sea-humpback.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">[102]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Seelaus.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>lus</i>, German <i>laus</i>, a louse. A sea-louse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seeler.</i> <i>Seal</i>, a seal; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A seal-fisher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seehorst.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>horst</i>, watching. Sea-watching.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seelig.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>lig</i>, a flame. A sea-flame. Selig, an
+analogous name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seelos.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>los</i>, loss, losing, destruction. Sea-loss.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seery.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>ríe</i>, pronounced <i>rē</i>, power, dominion.
+Sea-power.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sees.</i> <i>See</i>, See; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of See. Seese, Seez,
+cognate names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sefer.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>fer</i>, a journey. A sea-journey.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sefton.</i> <i>Seft</i>, soft, mild, quiet; <i>tún</i>, a town, a house. A
+quiet home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Segall.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>gál</i>, pronounced <i>gaul</i>, lightness, folly.
+Sea-folly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Segner.</i> <i>Segne</i>, a net; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A seiner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seher.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea, <i>here</i>, an army, a host, a legion. A sea-army;
+a naval expedition.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sehers.</i> <i>Seher</i>, Seher; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Seher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Selbert.</i> <i>Sel</i>, a dwelling, a palace, a hall; <i>beorht</i>, brightness.
+Hall-brightness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Selby.</i> <i>Sel</i>, a hall, a palace; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. A palatial
+dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Selden.</i> <i>Seld</i>, a royal seat, a throne, a palace; <i>en</i>, an
+adjective ending. Palatial.</p>
+
+<p><i>Selfridge.</i> <i>Self</i>, same, self-same; <i>ricg</i>, a back, a ridge, a
+roof. Self-same ridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seligman.</i> <i>Selig</i>, Selig; <i>man</i>, a servant. Selig’s servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sell.</i> <i>Sel</i>, a dwelling, a mansion, a palace, a hall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seller.</i> <i>Sel</i>, a palace; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A king; a prince.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sellers.</i> <i>Seller</i>, Seller; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Seller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sellick.</i> <i>Sel</i>, a companion; <i>lic</i>, like. Companion-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sells.</i> <i>Sell</i>, Sell; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Selman.</i> <i>Sell</i>, Sell; <i>man</i>, a servant. Servant of Sell;
+servant of a palace.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">[103]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Selner.</i> <i>Sel</i>, a palace; <i>nere</i>, refuge, protection. Palace-refuge;
+protection of the king.</p>
+
+<p><i>Selover.</i> <i>Sé</i>, the sea; <i>lóf-ere</i>, a lover. A sea-lover.</p>
+
+<p><i>Selser.</i> <i>Sells-ere</i>, from <i>Sells</i>, son of Sell, and <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A servant of Sell’s son. Selser, perhaps, from the same
+roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Semebroth.</i> <i>Sæme</i>, weak; <i>bróth</i>, broth. Weak broth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Semisch.</i> <i>Sem</i>, a seam, a bag; <i>isc</i>, like. Like a bag.</p>
+
+<p><i>Semler.</i> <i>Sem</i>, a bag; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine, knowledge. Bag-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Senat.</i> <i>Senat</i>, a senate. Senate, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Senatz.</i> <i>Senats</i>, from <i>Senat</i>, Senat, and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of Senat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Senn.</i> <i>Sen</i>, sin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Senneff.</i> <i>Senn</i>, Senn; <i>nefe</i>, a niece. Niece of Senn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Senner.</i> <i>Senn</i>, Senn; <i>ere</i>, an agent. Senn’s servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Setner.</i> <i>Setnere</i>, a seditious person, a revolter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Settel.</i> <i>Setel</i>, a settle, a seat, a bench, a stool. Settle, of
+similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Setter.</i> <i>Settere</i>, a thief.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seubel.</i> <i>Séw</i>, the sea; <i>bel</i>, a bell. A sea-bell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Seubert.</i> <i>Séw</i>, the sea; <i>beorht</i>, brightness. Sea-glistening.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sharp.</i> <i>Scearp</i>, sharp. Sharpe, another spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sharpless.</i> <i>Scearp</i>, sharp; <i>læs</i>, less, comparative of <i>lytel</i>.
+Less sharp. Sharples, of similar meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sharpley.</i> <i>Scearp</i>, sharp; <i>líc</i>, like. Sharp-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sharps.</i> <i>Sharp</i>, Sharp; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sharp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sharr.</i> <i>Scear</i>, a ploughshare. Also, <i>scear</i>, a division.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sharsig.</i> <i>Sceares</i>, genitive of <i>scear</i>, Sharr’s, and <i>ig</i>, an
+island. Sharr’s island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sharswood.</i> <i>Sharr’s</i>, Sharrs; <i>wud</i>, wood. Sharr’s wood.
+Sharwood, an abbreviated form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shaw.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheaff.</i> <i>Sceaf</i>, a sheaf, a bundle of corn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shealer.</i> <i>Sceale</i>, a scale, a balance; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+weigher.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">[104]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Shean.</i> <i>Sceán</i>, shone. Sheen, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shear.</i> <i>Scear</i>, sheared. Sheer, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheard.</i> <i>Sceard</i>, a sheard, a division, a remnant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheardown.</i> <i>Scear</i>, sheared; <i>dún</i>, a mountain, hill, downs.
+A sheared mountain; a shaven hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shearer.</i> <i>Sceare-ere</i>, from <i>sceare</i>, shears, scissors, and <i>ere</i>,
+an agent. One who uses the shears.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shearf.</i> <i>Scearfan</i>, to carve in pieces; <i>scearfe</i>, a fragment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shearman.</i> <i>Sceare</i>, sheers; <i>man</i>, a man. A shearer; a
+reaper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shears.</i> <i>Shear</i>, Shear; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Shear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shearwood.</i> <i>Scear</i>, sheared; <i>wud</i>, a wood. A cleared
+wood. Sherwood, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheble.</i> <i>Sceabb</i>, a scab; <i>el</i>, denoting a person. A shabby
+fellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheck.</i> <i>Sceac</i>, slow, sluggish, lazy, benumbed, costive,
+bound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shecklin.</i> <i>Sceac-líne</i>, a line which fastens the bottom of
+a sail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shedaker.</i> <i>Sceáde</i>, genitive of <i>sceádo</i>, shadow; <i>æcer</i>, a
+field. A field of shadow; a shaded field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shedden.</i> <i>Sceáden</i>, shaded, shadowed, overwhelmed, oppressed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheddy.</i> <i>Sceáde</i>, genitive of <i>sceádo</i>, belonging to shade.
+Shady; shadowy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shedinger.</i> <i>Sceádan</i>, to shade, to overwhelm, to oppress;
+<i>ing</i>, expressive of action; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A person that
+overshadows another; an oppressor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shedwick.</i> <i>Sceáde</i>, genitive of <i>sceádo</i>, a shadow, a shade;
+<i>wic</i>, a habitation, a village, a convent. A habitation of
+shade; a shaded village.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheedy.</i> <i>Sceáde</i>, of shadow; <i>ig</i>, an island. An island of
+shadow; a shaded island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheeler.</i> <i>Sceale</i>, a scale, a balance; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+weigher; a balancer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheen.</i> <i>Scén</i>, pronounced <i>skēne</i>, sheen.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">[105]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sheering.</i> <i>Scír</i>, shire; <i>ing</i>, offspring, descendant. Son of
+the shire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheldon.</i> <i>Scel</i>, a shell; <i>dún</i>, a mountain, a hill. A shell-hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shell.</i> <i>Scell</i>, a shell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shellenberger.</i> <i>Scellenâ</i>, of shells; <i>berg</i>, a hill, a mountain;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. A dweller of a shell-hill. Shelberger, of
+similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheller.</i> <i>Scell</i>, a shell; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A dealer in shells.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shelley.</i> <i>Scell</i>, a shell; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Shelly. Shelly, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shelling.</i> <i>Scelling</i>, a shilling. Or, <i>Shell</i>, Shell; <i>ing</i>, an
+offspring. A descendant of Shell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shellinger.</i> <i>Shelling</i>, Shelling; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A servant
+of Shelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shelmerdine.</i> <i>Scel</i>, a shell; <i>mere</i>, a mere, a lake, a sea;
+<i>dínne</i>, stormy. A tempestuous shell-lake.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shelton.</i> <i>Shell</i>, Shell; <i>tún</i>, town, house. Home of Shell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheneman.</i> <i>Sheen</i>, Sheen; <i>man</i>, a servant. A servant of
+Sheen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shenton.</i> <i>Scén</i>, beautiful; <i>tún</i>, a house, a habitation. A
+beautiful house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shepherd.</i> <i>Sceáp-hyrde</i>, from <i>sceáp</i>, sheep, and <i>hyrde</i>, a
+keeper of sheep; a shepherd. Shepard, Shephard, Sheppard,
+analogous names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shepherdson.</i> <i>Shepherd</i>, Shepherd; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Shepherd. Shepperson, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shepler.</i> <i>Sceáp</i>, sheep; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Sheep-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shepley.</i> <i>Sceáp</i>, sheep; <i>ley</i>, a lay, a song. A sheep-lay.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheran.</i> <i>Scéran</i>, to shear, to shave, to cut off, to share,
+to divide, to grant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherer.</i> <i>Sceare</i>, shears; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A shearer.
+Sherar, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherick.</i> <i>Scer-icge</i>, an actress. Sherk, Shirk, possibly,
+from the same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheridan.</i> <i>Scérian</i>, to divide, to rive, to part.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">[106]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sheriff.</i> <i>Scír-gerefa</i>, from <i>scír</i>, a shire, and <i>gerefa</i>, a
+steward, a bailiff, a governor. A governor of a shire; a
+shire-reeve; a sheriff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherlock.</i> <i>Scír</i>, white, bright, glorious; <i>locc</i>, a lock, hair.
+A lock of white hair. Shirelock, of similar meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherlow.</i> <i>Scír</i>, a county, province, district; <i>low</i>, a grave,
+a barrow, a small hillock, a tract of country gently rising, a
+low. A district-low. Shirlow, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherman.</i> <i>Scír-mann</i>, from <i>scír</i>, a share, shire, county,
+district; <i>mann</i>, a man. A man who superintends; a shireman;
+an overseer; a governor, a provost. Shearman, Shireman,
+of kindred derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shermer.</i> <i>Scír</i>, a district, province; <i>mere</i>, a mere, a lake,
+a pool, the sea. A sea-district; a lake-province.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherr.</i> <i>Scír</i>, a district, a province. Shire, of kindred
+significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherrard.</i> <i>Scír</i>, superintendence, stewardship; <i>ard</i>, an
+ensign of office. A badge of stewardship. Sherrerd, of like
+import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherrat.</i> <i>Scír</i>, shire, district, county; <i>áth</i>, an oath. An
+oath required by a shire from one in power.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherrell.</i> <i>Scír</i>, a shire, a district; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person.
+A resident of a shire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherrer.</i> <i>Scír</i>, care, charge; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A superintendent;
+an overseer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherrie.</i> <i>Sherr</i>, Sherr; <i>íg</i>, an island. Sherr’s island.
+Sherry, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherwin.</i> <i>Scír</i>, a shire; <i>win</i>, a friend. A friend of the
+shire; one devoted to the shire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sherwood.</i> <i>Scír</i>, glorious; <i>wude</i>, a forest. A glorious
+forest. Or, from <i>scír</i>, a district; <i>wud</i>, a wood. A district
+wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shetzline.</i> <i>Scetes</i>, genitive of <i>scete</i>, a sheet, a sail; <i>líne</i>, a
+line. The lower sail line.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shew.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">[107]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Shewell.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A
+showman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shiel.</i> <i>Sciell</i>, a scale, a shell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shield.</i> <i>Scield</i>, a shield, a refuge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shields.</i> <i>Shield</i>, Shield; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Shield.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shill.</i> <i>Scill</i>, a shilling, a piece of uncoined silver, which,
+when coined, would make five pennies, each of which was
+2½ pence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shillady.</i> <i>Shill</i>, Shill; <i>hlǽfdie</i>, a mistress, a lady. Shill’s
+mistress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shilling.</i> <i>Scilling</i>, a shilling. Or, from <i>Shill</i>, Shill, and
+<i>ing</i>, an offspring. A son of Shill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shillingford.</i> <i>Shilling</i>, Shilling; <i>ford</i>, a ford. Shilling’s
+ford. Shillingsford, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shillingsburg.</i> <i>Shillinges</i>, Shilling’s; <i>beorg</i>, a hill. Shilling’s
+hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shimer.</i> <i>Scíma</i>, a brightness, splendor, glittering; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. A wit; a humorist; a scholar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shinn.</i> <i>Scínne</i>, beauty, splendor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shinneberry.</i> <i>Shinn</i>, Shinn; <i>byrie</i>, a burial-place. The
+burial-place of Shinn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shipley.</i> <i>Scip</i>, a ship, a boat; <i>ley</i>, a lay, a song. A boat
+song.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shipman.</i> <i>Scip-mann</i>, a ship-man, a sailor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shippen.</i> <i>Scyppend</i>, a former, a creator.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shipper.</i> <i>Scip-ere</i>, a sailor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shipps.</i> <i>Scipes</i>, genitive of <i>scip</i>, a ship. Belonging to a
+ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shirley.</i> <i>Scíre</i>, a shire; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a shire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shoe.</i> <i>Scoe</i>, or <i>sceó</i>, a shoe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shoell.</i> <i>Scoe</i>, a shoe; <i>el</i>, denoting a person. A shoemaker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shoemaker.</i> <i>Scoe</i>, a shoe; <i>mace</i>, make; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A maker of shoes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">[108]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Shoneman.</i> <i>Scóne</i>, beautiful; <i>mann</i>, a man. A beautiful
+man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shook.</i> <i>Sceóc</i>, shook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shoop.</i> <i>Scóp</i>, a farmer, a maker, a poet, a minstrel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shore.</i> <i>Score</i>, the shore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Short.</i> <i>Sceort</i>, short.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shortell.</i> <i>Sceort</i>, short; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A short
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shorten.</i> <i>Sceort-ain</i>, from <i>sceort</i>, short; <i>ain</i>, to make. To
+make short.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shortley.</i> <i>Short</i>, Short; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling Short. Or,
+from <i>sceort-líc</i>, short, momentary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shorts.</i> <i>Short</i>, Short; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Short.
+Shortts, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shoser.</i> <i>Scós</i>, shoes; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A shoemaker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shott.</i> <i>Scot</i>, shot, payment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Showaker.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show; <i>æcer</i>, a field. A show-field.
+Showeker, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Showalter.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show; <i>alter</i>, an altar. A show-altar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Showell.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A
+showman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shower.</i> <i>Sceawere</i>, a beholder, spectator, spy, a railer, a
+scoffer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Showers.</i> <i>Shower</i>, Shower; <i>s</i> for sun, son. Son of
+Shower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Showman.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show; <i>mann</i>, a man. A showman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shreeve.</i> <i>Scréf</i>, a den, a cave, a layer. Shreve, of like
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shreeves.</i> <i>Shreeve</i>, Shreeve; <i>s</i> for sun, son. Son of
+Shreeve. Shrieves, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shrigley.</i> <i>Scric</i>, a thrush, a throstle; <i>ley</i>, a song. Thrush
+song.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shriner.</i> <i>Scrin</i>, a shrine, casket, chest; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+maker of shrines, caskets.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">[109]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Shriver.</i> <i>Scrifan</i>, to shrive, to receive confession; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. One who receives confessions; a shriver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shroder.</i> <i>Scrúd</i>, a garment, clothing, shroud; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. A tailor; a shroud-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shronk.</i> <i>Scruncen</i>, shrunk, withered.</p>
+
+<p><i>Schropshire.</i> <i>Scrob</i>, a shrub; <i>scír</i>, a shire, county, district.
+A shrub-shire; a shrubby district.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shubert.</i> <i>Scúa</i>, a shade, a shadow; <i>beorht</i>, bright, lucid,
+clear. A lucid shadow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shuck.</i> <i>Scucca</i>, Satan, the devil.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shuff.</i> <i>Scúfan</i>, to shove, to thrust, to cast down; <i>sceáf</i>,
+cast down, removed; <i>sceaf</i>, that which is cast down, as a
+sheaf.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shugard.</i> <i>Scúa</i>, a shade; <i>geard</i>, a hedge, enclosure, garden.
+A shaded garden. Shugardt, Shugart, of like parentage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shuler.</i> <i>Scúl</i>, a scowl; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who scowls.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shull.</i> <i>Scúl</i>, a scowl, a frown.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shumaker.</i> <i>Sceó</i>, a shoe; <i>macian</i>, to make; <i>ere</i>, one who.
+A shoemaker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shuman.</i> <i>Sceó</i>, a shoe; <i>mann</i>, a man. A shoe-man; a
+dealer in shoes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shumate.</i> <i>Sceó</i>, a shoe; Dutch <i>maat</i>, a husband, a wife,
+a companion. A shoe-companion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shumway.</i> <i>Sceome</i>, of shame, genitive of <i>sceamu</i>; <i>wæg</i>,
+way. The way of shame.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shupard.</i> <i>Scóp</i>, a poet, minstrel; <i>ard</i>, a badge of office.
+A minstrel’s staff. Shuperd, slightly altered form of the
+word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shupe.</i> <i>Scóp</i>, a poet, a minstrel. Shupp, an analogous
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shur.</i> <i>Scúr</i>, a shower of rain, a storm, tempest, a shower
+of arrows, battle, fight. Shurr, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shute.</i> <i>Scute</i>, given, expended, transferred, rushed, shot.
+Shutt, of kindred meaning.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">[110]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Shuttleworth.</i> <i>Scuttel</i>, a scuttle, platter, charger, moment;
+<i>weordh</i>, worth, price, value. A moment’s value.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shutts.</i> <i>Shutt</i>, Shutt; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Shutt.
+Shutz, similarly derived.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shyer.</i> <i>Scyan</i>, to suggest, excite, prompt, persuade; <i>ere</i>,
+an agent. A prompter; a pleader.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibbet.</i> <i>Sibbian</i>, to pacify, to compose; past participle
+<i>sibbod</i>, pacified, composed. Sibbitt, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibbits.</i> <i>Sibbit</i>, Sibbit; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sibbit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibel.</i> <i>Sib</i>, peace, adoption, companionship; <i>el</i>, indicative
+of personality. A companionable person. Sibole of like
+import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siber.</i> <i>Sib</i>, peace, agreement, alliance; <i>ere</i>, an agent. An
+ally; an abettor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibert.</i> <i>Síb</i>, peace; <i>beorht</i>, famous, illustrious. A famous
+peace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibley.</i> <i>Sib</i>, concord, agreement; <i>ley</i>, a song. A melody.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibson.</i> <i>Sib</i>, peace, adoption; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of adoption.
+Sibbs, an abbreviated form of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sick.</i> <i>Síc</i>, sick.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sickel.</i> <i>Sicel</i>, pronounced <i>sickel</i>, a sickle. Sickle, Sickel,
+from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sickels.</i> <i>Sickel</i>, Sickel; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sickel.
+Sickles, a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sicker.</i> <i>Síc</i>, sick; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A sick person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sickler.</i> <i>Sicel</i>, a sickle; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses a
+sickle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siddall.</i> <i>Síd</i>, ample, spacious, broad, vast; <i>dál</i>, a valley.
+A broad valley. Siddell, Sidel, Sidle, alike in derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siddon.</i> <i>Síd</i>, spacious, vast; <i>dún</i>, a mountain, a hill. A
+spacious hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siddins.</i> <i>Siddin</i>, Siddon; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Siddon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Side.</i> <i>Síd</i>, ample, broad, various, diverse. Or, from <i>síde</i>,
+silk.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">[111]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sidebotham.</i> <i>Síd</i>, ample, full, vast; <i>bót</i>, atonement, indemnity,
+redress, cure; <i>hám</i>, house, dwelling. The home of full
+atonement.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sidebottom.</i> <i>Síd</i>, broad; <i>botm</i>, bottom. Broad bottom.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sidenburg.</i> <i>Síden</i>, silken, made of silk; <i>burg</i>, a fort, a
+castle, a house. A house made of silk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sides.</i> <i>Side</i>, Side; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Side.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sidleman.</i> <i>Sidle</i>, Sidle; <i>man</i>, a servant. Sidle’s servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sidley.</i> <i>Sidle</i>, Sidle; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling Sidle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sidney.</i> <i>Síden</i>, silken, made of silk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siebel.</i> <i>Sie</i>, victory, triumph, crown; <i>bel</i>, a bell. A peal
+of triumph.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siebeling.</i> <i>Siebel</i>, Siebel; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Descendant of
+Siebel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sieber.</i> <i>Sie</i>, a crown; <i>bere</i>, barley. A crown of barley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siebert.</i> <i>Sie-beorht</i>, triumphantly, or gloriously bright.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siebott.</i> <i>Sie</i>, victory; <i>bót</i>, atonement. A victorious atonement.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siebrecht.</i> <i>Sie</i>, crown; <i>brecht</i>, conquered. Crown conquered.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siebrist.</i> <i>Sie</i>, victory; <i>brist</i>, bearest. Victory bearest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siedenback.</i> <i>Síden</i>, silken; <i>bæc</i>, back. A silken back.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siedler.</i> <i>Síde</i>, silk; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Silk-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siefert.</i> <i>Sie</i>, triumph; <i>fert</i>, spirit. A spirit of triumph.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siefken.</i> <i>Sielf-cyn</i>, from <i>sielf</i>, a salve, and <i>cyn</i>, kind. A
+kind of herb salve.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siegel.</i> <i>Sigel</i>, the sun, a jewel. Siegle, from the same
+root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siegler.</i> <i>Sigel</i>, a jewel; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A jeweller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siegman.</i> <i>Sige</i>, victory; <i>man</i>, a man. A victorious man.
+Siegmann, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sieler.</i> <i>Sie</i>, the sea; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Sea-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siemers.</i> <i>Sie</i>, the sea; <i>merse</i>, a marsh, a fen. A sea-marsh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siemon.</i> <i>Sie</i>, the sea; <i>mon</i>, a man. A seafaring man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sier.</i> <i>Sieran</i>, to lie in wait for, to plot, to conspire.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">[112]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sifer.</i> <i>Sie</i>, the sea; <i>fer</i>, a journey. A sea journey.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sigmund.</i> <i>Sige</i>, victory; <i>mund</i>, a hand. A victorious
+hand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silbert.</i> <i>Sigel-beorht</i>, from <i>sigel</i> or <i>sigl</i>, the sun, and
+beorht, bright. Sun-bright.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sill.</i> <i>Sigl</i>, a necklace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sillady.</i> <i>Sill</i>, Sill; <i>hlǽfdie</i>, a mistress. Sill’s mistress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siller.</i> <i>Sigl</i>, a necklace, a brooch, an ornament; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. A jeweller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silliman.</i> <i>Sill</i>, Sill; <i>man</i>, a servant. Sill’s servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sills.</i> <i>Sill</i>, Sill; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silpath.</i> <i>Sigl</i>, the sun; <i>pæth</i>, a path. The sun-path;
+sunny path.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sillsby.</i> <i>Sills</i>, Sill’s; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. Sill’s home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silver.</i> <i>Silfer</i>, silver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silverberg.</i> <i>Silfer</i>, silver; <i>beorg</i>, a hill, a mountain. A
+mountain of silver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silvers.</i> <i>Silver</i>, Silver; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Silver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silverstine.</i> <i>Silferes</i>, genitive of <i>silfer</i>, silver; <i>tine</i>, a tine,
+a tooth of a harrow. A silver tine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Silverthorn.</i> <i>Silfer</i>, silver; <i>thorn</i>, a thorn. A silver-thorn.
+Silverthorne, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simard.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a judge; <i>ard</i>, an ensign of office. A
+judge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sime.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a bond, a reconciler, a judge. Syme, a kindred
+term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simes.</i> <i>Sime</i>, Sime; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sime. Simms,
+Sims, Symes, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simington.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a reconciler; <i>ing</i>, expressive of action;
+<i>tún</i>, house. Home of reconciliation. Simmington, Symington,
+alike in derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simkin.</i> <i>Sim</i>, Sime; <i>cyn</i>, kin, relation. Sime’s relation.
+Simpkin, of similar meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simkins.</i> <i>Simkin</i>, Simkin; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Simkin.
+Simpkins, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">[113]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Simkis.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a judge; <i>cys</i>, pure. An upright judge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simler.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a judge; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Judicial knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmer.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a bond; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A notary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmers.</i> <i>Simmer</i>, Simmer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Simmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmon.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a bond; <i>mon</i>, a man. A bondman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmond.</i> <i>Sima</i>, a bond; <i>mund</i>, a protection. A bond-protection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmonds.</i> <i>Simmond</i>, Simmond; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Simmond. Simonds, Symonds, kindred names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmons.</i> <i>Simmōn</i>, Simmon; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Simmon. Simmins, Symons, doubtless, of like parentage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simpson.</i> <i>Simp</i>, Sime; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sime. Simson,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sindall.</i> <i>Sin</i>, sin; <i>dál</i>, a valley. Valley of sin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sine.</i> <i>Sín</i>, sight, vision, appearance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siner.</i> <i>Sín</i>, a vision; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who sees visions;
+a dreamer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sines.</i> <i>Sine</i>, Sine; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Singer.</i> <i>Singan</i>, to sing, to play upon an instrument, to
+say, to pronounce; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A singer; a musician; a
+soothsayer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Singerly.</i> <i>Singer</i>, Singer; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling Singer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Singler.</i> <i>Singan</i>, to sing, to play upon an instrument;
+<i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Music-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Singley.</i> <i>Sing</i>, Sing; <i>ley</i>, from <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling
+Sing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sings.</i> <i>Sing</i>, Sing; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sink.</i> <i>Sinc</i>, collection, heap, gain, treasure, riches, silver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sinn.</i> <i>Sin</i>, or <i>synne</i>, sin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sinnamon.</i> <i>Sina</i>, genitive of <i>sina</i>, sinews; <i>mon</i>, a man. A
+man of sinews; an athlete. Synnamon, Synamon, of similar
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sinning.</i> <i>Sinn</i>, Sinn; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Son of Sinn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sinns.</i> <i>Sinn</i>, Sinn; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sinn.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">[114]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sithen.</i> <i>Sidhan</i>, times, courses.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sithens.</i> <i>Sithen</i>, Sithen; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sithen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Six.</i> <i>Six</i>, six.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sixsmith</i>, <i>Six</i>, Six; <i>smidh</i>, an artificer, a smith, a workman.
+Six’s workman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sixte.</i> <i>Sixte</i>, sixth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skean.</i> <i>Sceán</i>, shone. Skeehan, Skeen, from the same
+radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skeffington.</i> <i>Sceafa</i>, a shaving instrument; <i>ing</i>, expressive
+of action; <i>tún</i>, a house. A place where shaving is done.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skelly.</i> <i>Scell-ig</i>, from <i>scell</i>, a shell, and <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+termination. Shelly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skerl.</i> <i>Scer</i>, a ploughshare; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A
+plowman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skerratt.</i> <i>Scer-geát</i>, from <i>scer</i>, a ploughshare; <i>geát</i>, an
+opening, a gap. A gap made by a ploughshare; a furrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skinner.</i> <i>Scin</i>, the skin; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who removes
+the skin; a skinner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skipton.</i> <i>Scip</i>, a ship; <i>tún</i>, a town. A ship-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slack.</i> <i>Sleac</i>, slow, remiss, idle, sleepy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slade.</i> <i>Slǽd</i>, a slade, plain, open tract of country.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slagle.</i> <i>Slæge</i>, slaying, slaughter; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person.
+A slayer; a murderer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slater.</i> <i>Slát</i>, slit; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who slits, or cuts.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slauch.</i> <i>Slǽc</i>, slack, slow, remiss, idle, sleepy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slaugh.</i> <i>Slæge</i>, slaying, slaughter, striking, beating, dashing
+together, a knock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slaw.</i> <i>Sláw</i>, slow, idle, lazy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slawson.</i> <i>Slaw</i>, Slaw; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Slaw.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slaymaker.</i> <i>Slæ</i>, a weaver’s reed, a slay; <i>mac-ere</i>, a maker.
+A slay-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slayman.</i> <i>Slæ</i>, a slay; <i>man</i>, a man. A man who uses
+the slay; a weaver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slayton.</i> <i>Slæ</i>, a slay; <i>tún</i>, a house, a habitation. A house
+where weaving is done.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sleeper.</i> <i>Slǽp-ere.</i> A sleeper.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">[115]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Slick.</i> <i>Slicc</i>, a mallet, a hammer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slider.</i> <i>Slidor</i>, a slider.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slifer.</i> <i>Slifer</i>, slippery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sloan.</i> <i>Slán</i>, pronounced <i>slōn</i>, sloes. Also, from <i>slán</i>, to
+strike, to fight, to slay, to throw. Sloane, from the same
+roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sloanaker.</i> <i>Slán</i>, sloes; <i>æcer</i>, a field. A field of sloes.
+Slonaker, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sloat.</i> <i>Slát</i>, pronounced <i>slōte</i>, torn, bitten, broken through.
+Slote, of the same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slocomb.</i> <i>Slá</i>, pronounced <i>slō</i>, a sloe; <i>comb</i>, a valley. A
+sloe-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slocum.</i> <i>Slá</i>, a sloe; <i>cumb</i>, or <i>coom</i>, a valley. A sloe-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sloman.</i> <i>Slá</i>, a sloe; <i>man</i>, a man. A collector of sloes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slough.</i> <i>Slog</i>, a slough, a hollow place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slow.</i> <i>Sláw</i>, slow, idle, lazy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slowe.</i> <i>Sláwe</i>, slow, idle. Slowey, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slowman.</i> <i>Sláw</i>, slow, lazy; <i>man</i>, a man. A slow man;
+a lazy man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slugg.</i> <i>Slóg</i>, slew, killed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smack.</i> <i>Smæc</i>, smack, taste, savor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Small.</i> <i>Smæl</i>, small, slender, thin, narrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smalley.</i> <i>Smale</i>, a slender person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smallman.</i> <i>Smæl</i>, small; <i>man</i>, a man. A small man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smallwood.</i> <i>Smæl</i>, thin; <i>wud</i>, a forest. A thin forest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smeal.</i> <i>Smea</i>, little, fine, subtle; <i>l</i> for <i>el</i>, indicative of a
+person. A subtle person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smeaton.</i> <i>Smeat</i>, beaten; <i>tún</i>, a city. A beaten city.
+Smeeten, of kindred significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smedley.</i> <i>Smédh-líc</i>, smoothly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smick.</i> <i>Smíc</i>, smoke, vapor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smiley.</i> <i>Smilte</i>, serene, placid, fair, smooth, calm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smith.</i> <i>Smidh</i>, any one who strikes with a hammer, an
+artificer, a carpenter, a smith, a workman. Smyth, from the
+same radix.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">[116]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Smithman.</i> <i>Smidh-the</i>, a smithy, a workshop; <i>man</i>, a
+man. The man of the workshop.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smithing.</i> <i>Smith</i>, Smith; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant
+of Smith.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smithson.</i> <i>Smith</i>, Smith; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Smith.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smock.</i> <i>Smoc</i>, a smock, a farm-laborer’s blouse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smocker.</i> <i>Smoc</i>, a smock; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who wears
+a smock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smythe.</i> <i>Smidh-the</i>, a smithy, a workshop.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snader.</i> <i>Snæd</i>, a shaft, a pole, the handle of a scythe;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses a snead, or sneed. Sneeder,
+a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snare.</i> <i>Sneáre</i>, a snare, a loop, a noose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sneade.</i> <i>Snæd</i>, a pole, a shaft, the handle of a scythe.
+Sneed, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sneath.</i> <i>Snæd</i>, a pole, a shaft, the handle of a scythe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sneden.</i> <i>Snǽd-en</i>, to cut, to cut off, to amputate. Snethen,
+from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snediker.</i> <i>Snǽd</i>, cut, shorn; <i>æcer</i>, a field. A mown
+field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sneer.</i> <i>Snear</i>, active, quick, nimble.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snelbaker.</i> <i>Snel-bæc-ere</i>, from <i>snel</i>, active, cheerful; <i>bæcere</i>,
+a baker. An active, cheerful baker. Snellbaker, from
+the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snell.</i> <i>Snel</i>, or <i>snell</i>, quick, active, cheerful, bold, brave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snelling.</i> <i>Snell</i>, Snell; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Descendant of
+Snell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sneyd.</i> <i>Snid</i>, I cut, I amputate, I slay.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snider.</i> <i>Snid-ere</i>, a cutter, hewer, pruner. Snyder, from
+the same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snodgrass.</i> <i>Snod</i>, a fillet, a cap, a hood; <i>græs</i>, grass. A
+straw fillet; a straw cap.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snow.</i> <i>Snáw</i>, snow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snowdon.</i> <i>Snáw-dan</i>, to snow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snowdon.</i> <i>Snáw-dún</i>, from <i>snáw</i>, snow; <i>dún</i>, a mountain,
+a hill. A snow mountain.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">[117]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Soden.</i> <i>Soden</i>, perfect participle of <i>seódham</i>, to boil, to
+agitate, to cook. Boiled; agitated; cooked.</p>
+
+<p><i>Soder.</i> <i>Seod</i>, a little sack, a bag, scrip; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+sack-maker. Soeder, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Soding.</i> <i>Seod</i>, a bag, a sack; <i>ing</i>, expressive of action.
+Sack-making.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sodman.</i> <i>Seod</i>, a bag, a sack; <i>man</i>, a man. A sack-maker;
+a bag-dealer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Soeffing.</i> <i>Seofung</i>, sighing, sobbing, lamentation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Somer.</i> <i>Sumer</i>, summer. Sommer, Summer, from the
+same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Somers.</i> <i>Somer</i>, Somer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Somer.
+Sommers, Summers, equivalents.</p>
+
+<p><i>Somerset.</i> <i>Somer-setl</i>, from <i>sumer</i>, summer, and <i>setl</i>, a seat.
+A summer seat. Sommerset, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sorg.</i> <i>Sorg</i>, sorrow, care, anxiety.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sorig.</i> <i>Sorhg</i>, sorrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Souder.</i> <i>Sódh</i>, truth; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who speaks the
+truth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Souders.</i> <i>Souder</i>, Souder; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Souder.</p>
+
+<p><i>South.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south.</p>
+
+<p><i>Southcott.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south; <i>cóte</i>, a cottage. A south-cottage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Southern.</i> <i>Súdh-erna</i>, southern.</p>
+
+<p><i>Southwark.</i> <i>Súdh-geweorc</i>, from <i>súdh</i>, south, and <i>geweorc</i>,
+a fortress, a work. A south-work; a south-fortress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Southwell.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south; <i>wel</i>, a well. A south-well.</p>
+
+<p><i>Southwick.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south; <i>wic</i>, a camp. A south-camp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Southwood.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south; <i>wud</i>, wood. A south-wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Southworth.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south; <i>weordh</i>, worth, price, value.
+South-worth; southern value.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sower.</i> <i>Sawere</i>, a sower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sowerby.</i> <i>Sower</i>, Sower; <i>bý</i>, a dwelling, a habitation.
+Sower’s dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sowers.</i> <i>Sower</i>, Sower; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Sower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sox.</i> <i>Socks</i>, from <i>socces</i>, genitive of <i>socc</i>, a sock, a woolen
+wrapper for the feet. Belonging to a sock.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">[118]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Spackman.</i> <i>Spǽc</i>, speech; <i>man</i>, a man. A speaker; an
+orator.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spader.</i> <i>Spád</i>, a spade; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses a
+spade; a digger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spadone.</i> <i>Spǽdan</i>, to speed, to prosper, to succeed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spaeter.</i> <i>Spǽtan</i>, to spit; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A spitter. Spaetter,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spahn.</i> <i>Span</i>, a span.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spang.</i> <i>Spange</i>, a little lock, a clasp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spangler.</i> <i>Spange</i>, a lock, a clasp; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Lock-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spannagel.</i> <i>Span</i>, a span; <i>nægel</i>, a nail. A span-nail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spare.</i> <i>Spær</i>, spare, frugal, moderate, small. Spare, from
+the same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sparhawk.</i> <i>Spear-hafoc</i>, from <i>spear</i>, a spear, lance, dart,
+and <i>hafoc</i>, a hawk. A sparrow-hawk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sparmaker.</i> <i>Speare</i>, a spear; <i>mac-ere</i>, a maker. A spear-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sparman.</i> <i>Speare</i>, a spear; <i>man</i>, a man. A Spearman.
+Spearman, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sparrow.</i> <i>Spearwa</i>, a sparrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spearshott.</i> <i>Speare</i>, a spear; <i>scot</i>, a shot. A spear-shot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Speakman.</i> <i>Speac</i>, speak; <i>man</i>, a man. A speaker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spealler.</i> <i>Spell</i>, history, story, speech, opinion, language;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent, An historian; a lawyer; a linguist.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spear.</i> <i>Speare</i>, a spear. Speer, Speir, from the same
+root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spearing.</i> <i>Spear</i>, Spear; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. A descendant
+of Spear. Spering, a kindred word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spears.</i> <i>Spear</i>, Spear; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Spear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Speck.</i> <i>Specca</i>, a blot, a blemish, a spot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Specketer.</i> <i>Specca</i>, a blot; <i>etere</i>, an eater, a consumer. A
+blot-consumer; a blotter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spedden.</i> <i>Spéd-an</i>, to speed, to prosper, to succeed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Speece.</i> <i>Spǽc</i>, speech.</p>
+
+<p><i>Speel.</i> <i>Spel</i>, a history, a narrative, a story.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">[119]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Speers.</i> <i>Speer</i>, Speer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Speer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spellman.</i> <i>Spell</i>, history, narration; <i>man</i>, a man. A narrator.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spicer.</i> <i>Spic</i>, bacon; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A hog-butcher.
+Spicker, an analogous term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spillard.</i> <i>Spill-an</i>, to spill, to destroy, to kill; <i>ard</i>, an ensign
+of office. A destroyer; an executioner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spiller.</i> <i>Spill-an</i>, to spill, to destroy; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+destroyer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spillin.</i> <i>Spill-ing</i>, a wasting, a consuming, spoiling,
+destruction.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spillinger.</i> <i>Spill-ing</i>, consuming, spoiling; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A consumer; a spoiler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spillman.</i> <i>Spill-an</i>, to spill, to kill; <i>man</i>, a man. An
+executioner; a hangman; a murderer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spindler.</i> <i>Spindel</i>, a spindel, a needle; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who uses a spindle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spooner.</i> <i>Spoon</i>, chips, tinder, touchwood; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A fireman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spor.</i> <i>Spor</i>, a heel, a spur.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sporer.</i> <i>Spor</i>, a spur; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses a
+spur; a rider.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sporl.</i> <i>Spor</i>, a spur; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A rider.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sprang.</i> <i>Sprang</i>, sprang, leaped.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spranger.</i> <i>Sprang</i>, sprang; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A springer;
+a leaper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Springer.</i> <i>Spring</i>, a spring, a leap; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+leaper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Springfield.</i> <i>Spring</i>, a spring, a fountain; <i>feld</i>, a field, a
+plain. A springy field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Springman.</i> <i>Spring</i>, a spring, a leap; <i>man</i>, a man. A
+leaper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Springs.</i> <i>Spring</i>, Spring; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Spring.</p>
+
+<p><i>Springstead.</i> <i>Spring</i>, a spring, a fountain; <i>stede</i>, a place,
+a station. A spring-place.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">[120]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Springthorpe.</i> <i>Spring</i>, a spring, a fountain; <i>thorpe</i>, a village.
+A spring-village.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spurr.</i> <i>Spura</i>, a spur.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stack.</i> <i>Stáca</i>, a stake, a pile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stackel.</i> <i>Stáca</i>, a stake, a pile; <i>el</i>, indicative of personality.
+One tied, or burnt at a stake.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stacker.</i> <i>Stáca</i>, a stake; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who constructs
+a fence or a palisade. Staker, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stackhouse.</i> <i>Stáca</i>, a stake; <i>hús</i>, a house, a building. A
+building with a palisade; a fortress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stacpoole.</i> <i>Stáca</i>, a stake; <i>púl</i>, a pool, a lake. A staked
+lake.</p>
+
+<p><i>Staff.</i> <i>Stæf</i>, a staff, stick, support, a letter, writing. Staffe,
+from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Staffner.</i> <i>Stæf</i>, a staff; <i>nere</i>, refuge, preservation. Staff-preservation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stafford.</i> <i>Stæf-ford</i>, from <i>stæf</i>, a stick, a pole; <i>ford</i>, a ford.
+A staff used in wading through a stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stager.</i> <i>Stǽger</i>, a stair, step, degree.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stagers.</i> <i>Stager</i>, Stager; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stager.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stagg.</i> <i>Stæg</i>, a rope in the fore-part of a ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stagger.</i> <i>Stæg</i>, a rope in the fore-part of a ship; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. One who has charge of the rope in the fore-part of a
+ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Staggers.</i> <i>Stagger</i>, Stagger; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Stagger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stainrook.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a rock; <i>róc</i>, a rook. A rock-rook; a
+rook that dwells upon rocks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stains.</i> <i>Stán-es</i>, genitive of <i>Stán</i>, a stone. From Staines,
+Middlesex, on the banks of the Thames, England, from a
+boundary stone placed here to denote the extent of the jurisdiction
+claimed by the city of London on the river Thames.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stainsby.</i> <i>Stains</i>, Stains; <i>bý</i>, a dwelling. Stains’ habitation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stakes.</i> <i>Stake</i>, Stack; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stack.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">[121]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Staley.</i> <i>Stæl</i>, a stall, a room; <i>ig</i>, expression of an adjective.
+Roomy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stall.</i> <i>Stæl</i>, a stall, place, seat, room.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stallman.</i> <i>Stæl</i>, a stall; <i>man</i>, a man. One who keeps a
+stall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stamford.</i> <i>Stæng</i>, a stake, a pole; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A pole-ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stanbridge.</i> <i>Stán-breig</i>, from <i>stán</i>, a stone, and <i>bricg</i>, a
+bridge. A stone-bridge; a paved way.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stancliff.</i> <i>Stán-cleof</i>, from <i>stán</i>, a stone, and <i>cleof</i>, a cliff.
+A stone-cliff; a rock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Standbridge.</i> <i>Stand</i>, a stand, a station; <i>bricg</i>, a bridge.
+A toll-bridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Standen.</i> <i>Stand</i>, a stand; <i>en</i>, significant of a participle.
+Stood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Standfield.</i> <i>Stand</i>, a station; <i>feld</i>, a field. A station-field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Standing.</i> <i>Standan</i>, to stand, to continue; <i>ing</i>, expressing
+action. Standing; continuing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Standish.</i> <i>Stand</i>, a stand; <i>isc</i>, a termination of an adjective
+used substantively. A stand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Standley.</i> <i>Stand</i>, a stand; <i>ley</i> for <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a
+stand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Standring.</i> <i>Stand</i>, a station; <i>hring</i>, a ring. A station-ring.
+Standering, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stanfield.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone; <i>feld</i>, a plain. A stone-plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stanford.</i> <i>Stán-ford</i>, from <i>stán</i>, a stone, and <i>ford</i>, a ford.
+A stone-ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stang.</i> <i>Stæng</i>, a bar of wood, a pole, a lever, a club. In
+Derbyshire, England, the word was used to denote a large
+pole employed in removing new-made hay.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stanger.</i> <i>Stæng</i>, a pole, a lever; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+uses a lever.</p>
+
+<p id="Stanley"><i>Stanley.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling stone.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">[122]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Stansberry.</i> <i>Stánes</i>, genitive of <i>stán</i>, a stone; <i>berige</i>, a
+berry. The berry of a stone; a stone-fruit. Stansbery, from
+the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stansbury.</i> <i>Stánes</i>, genitive of <i>stán</i>, a stone; <i>byríg</i>, a city.
+A city of stone; a stone-city.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stansfield.</i> <i>Stánes</i>, of stones; <i>feld</i>, a field. A field of
+stone; a stone-field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stanton.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone; <i>tán</i>, a town. A stone-town.
+Stant, possibly, a contraction of the name. Staunton, from
+the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stanwood.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone; <i>wud</i>, a wood. A stone-wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stanz.</i> <i>Stants</i>, from <i>Stant</i>, Stant, and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of Stant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stapleford.</i> <i>Stapel</i>, a step, a prop, a trestle; <i>ford</i>, a ford.
+A trestle-ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stapler.</i> <i>Stapel</i>, support; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A supporter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Staples.</i> <i>Stapeles</i>, genitive of <i>stapel</i>, a trestle. Belonging
+to a trestle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stapleton.</i> <i>Stapel</i>, a step, an elevated place; <i>tún</i>, a mansion.
+A mansion reached by steps.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stark.</i> <i>Stearc</i>, stark, strong, severe, hard, austere, sharp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Starkweather.</i> <i>Stearc</i>, severe; <i>wedher</i>, weather. Severe
+weather.</p>
+
+<p><i>Starling.</i> <i>Stærn</i>, a starling; <i>ling</i>, a termination indicative
+of image, example.</p>
+
+<p><i>Starn.</i> <i>Stærn</i>, a starling. Starne, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Starr.</i> <i>Steorra</i>, a star.</p>
+
+<p><i>Starrs.</i> <i>Starr</i>, Starr; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Starr.</p>
+
+<p><i>Staub.</i> <i>Staub</i>, a worthless vessel, one unable to stand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Staubes.</i> <i>Staubes</i>, genitive of <i>staub</i>, a useless vessel. Belonging
+to a worthless vessel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stead.</i> <i>Stæde</i>, a place, station, stead.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steadham.</i> <i>Stede</i>, steady, stable, firm; <i>hám</i>, a house. A
+firm house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steadman.</i> <i>Stede</i>, steady, stable; <i>man</i>, a man. A steady
+man. Stedman, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">[123]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Stearn.</i> <i>Stearn</i>, the stern. Stearne, Sterne, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stearns.</i> <i>Stearn</i>, Stearn; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stearn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stebbing.</i> <i>Steb</i>, a boll, a trunk; <i>ing</i>, originating from.
+Offspring of a trunk; a shoot; a branch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stebbins.</i> <i>Stebbing</i>, Stebbing; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Stebbing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steed.</i> <i>Stéda</i>, a steed, a stallion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steel.</i> <i>Stýl</i>, steel. Steele, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steeling.</i> <i>Steel</i>, Steel; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Son of Steel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steelman.</i> <i>Stýl</i> steel; <i>man</i>, a man. A steel-man; a
+dealer in steel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steelwagon.</i> <i>Stýl</i>, steel; <i>wǽgen</i>, a wagon, a car. A steel-wagon;
+a car for the conveyance of steel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steen.</i> <i>Sténe</i>, a stone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steenburg.</i> <i>Sténe</i>, a stone; <i>beorg</i>, a mountain, a hill. A
+stone-hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steenson.</i> <i>Steen</i>, Steen; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Steen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steere.</i> <i>Stýre</i>, a rule, direction, regulation, government.
+Steer, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steeringer.</i> <i>Steór-an</i>, to steer; <i>ing</i>, implying action; <i>ere</i>,
+an agent. One who has charge of the steering; a pilot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steers.</i> <i>Steer</i>, Steer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Steer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steever.</i> <i>Stæf</i>, a staff, a stick; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+uses a staff; an old man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steffen.</i> <i>Stefen</i>, a voice, message, sound, tone, concert,
+agreement. Steffan, of like meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steffe.</i> <i>Stef</i>, a staff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steffens.</i> <i>Steffen</i>, Steffen; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Steffen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steffler.</i> <i>Stef</i>, a staff; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Staff-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steger.</i> <i>Stegher</i>, a step, a stair.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stell.</i> <i>Stell</i>, a place, seat, room. Stelle, doubtless, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stellwagen.</i> <i>Stell</i>, a seat; <i>wǽgen</i>, a wagon, a car. A
+carriage. Stelwagon, of kindred signification.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">[124]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Stem.</i> <i>Stemn</i>, a voice, a command, a set time. Steman,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stemme.</i> <i>Stemne</i>, a voice, a command.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stemmler.</i> <i>Stemn</i>, a voice; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Voice-knowledge.
+Stemler, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stempel.</i> <i>Stemn</i>, a voice, a command; <i>el</i>, indicative of a
+person. A leader; a commander.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steng.</i> <i>Stenge</i>, a bar, a pole, a lever.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stengel.</i> <i>Stenge</i>, a lever; <i>el</i>, implying a person. A person
+that uses a lever. Stengle, a slightly varied form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stenger.</i> <i>Stenge</i>, a bar, a pole; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+uses a steng.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stephen.</i> <i>Stefen</i>, a voice, message, sound, tone. Stephan,
+from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stephens.</i> <i>Stephen</i>, Stephen; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Stephen. Stevens, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stephenson.</i> <i>Stephen</i>, Stephen; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stephen.
+Stevenson, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sterk.</i> <i>Sterc</i>, stark, rough, rigid.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sterling.</i> <i>Steóran</i>, to direct; <i>ling</i>, a termination denoting
+the condition of a person. In a condition to direct. Stirling,
+an equivalent word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stern.</i> <i>Stern</i>, severe, hard, austere.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sterner.</i> <i>Stern</i>, severe; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A severe person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sternfield.</i> <i>Stern</i>, rough, hard; <i>feld</i>, a field. A rough
+field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sterns.</i> <i>Stern</i>, Stern; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stern.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sterr.</i> <i>Ster</i>, history.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steward.</i> <i>Stiward</i>, from Icelandic <i>stia</i>, work, and Anglo-Saxon
+<i>weard</i>, a guard. One who has the guard of work.
+Anciently, <i>stede-weard</i>, from <i>stede</i>, place, station, stead, and
+<i>weard</i>, a guard, guardianship, watch: that is, one who has
+the guardianship of a place. Stewart, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sticker.</i> <i>Stice</i>, a puncture, a stab; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+butcher.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">[125]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Stickle.</i> <i>Sticca</i>, a stick; <i>le</i> for <i>el</i>, indicative of a person,
+or expressive of the action of a person. The word originated
+from the practice of prize-fighters, who placed seconds with
+staffs, or <i>sticks</i>, to interpose occasionally: hence, to interpose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stickler.</i> <i>Stickle</i>, to stickle, to interpose; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One that interposes; a sidesman to fencers; a pertinacious
+contender. Formerly, one who stood by to prevent the
+shedding of blood in a contest between two persons:
+so called, from the <i>sticks</i>, or staves, in his hands, with which
+he interposed between the combatants.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stickley.</i> <i>Stickler</i>, a stickler; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a
+stickler; stickler-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stickling.</i> <i>Stickle</i>, to stickle; <i>ing</i>, denoting an action.
+The action of a stickler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stickney.</i> <i>Stician</i>, to stick, to adhere; Irish <i>neać</i>, an
+agent. One that sticks to another; an adherent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stidfole.</i> <i>Stide</i>, firm, fast; <i>fole</i>, a foal, a colt. A fast foal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stidham.</i> <i>Stide</i>, firm; <i>hám</i>, house. An established house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stiff.</i> <i>Stif</i>, stiff, hard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stiger.</i> <i>Stígan</i>, to ascend, to rise, to climb; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A climber.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stigale.</i> <i>Stigel</i>, a stile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stileman.</i> <i>Stigel</i>, a stile; <i>man</i>, a man. A man who has
+charge of a stile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stiles.</i> <i>Stigale</i>, Stigale; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stigale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Still.</i> <i>Stille</i>, still, quiet, fixed, firm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stilley.</i> <i>Still-íce</i>, stilly, quietly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stilling.</i> <i>Still-ian</i>, to make still, to tranquilize; <i>ing</i>, implying
+action. Tranquilizing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stillings.</i> <i>Stilling</i>, Stilling; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stilling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stillman.</i> <i>Stille</i>, quiet; <i>man</i>, a man. A quiet man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stillwagon.</i> <i>Stille</i>, fixed; <i>wǽgen</i>, a wagon. A stationary
+wagon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stillwell.</i> <i>Stille</i>, quiet; <i>wel</i>, a well. A quiet well; an unused
+well. Stelwell, a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">[126]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Stilson.</i> <i>Stille</i>, quiet, fixed; <i>sun</i>, son. A quiet son; a
+dead son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sting.</i> <i>Stineg</i>, sting, prick, a biting, or stinging.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stinger.</i> <i>Stingan</i>, to sting, to prick, to stab; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+He who, or that which, stings, or pricks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stock.</i> <i>Stoc</i>, a stock, stem, trunk, block, stick. <i>Stock</i>,
+past participle of <i>stician</i>, to stick: hence <i>stock</i>, in its multifarious
+meanings, implies fixedness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stocker.</i> <i>Stoc</i>, stock; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who has stock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stockham.</i> <i>Stoc</i>, stock, stem; <i>hám</i>, a farm. A stock-farm;
+a nursery of trees.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stockler.</i> <i>Stoc</i>, stock, stem; <i>lǽr</i>, learning, knowledge.
+Stock-lore; tree-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stockley.</i> <i>Stoc</i>, stock; <i>líc</i>, like. Stock-like; trunk-like;
+thick; stubbed; stocky.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stockman.</i> <i>Stoc</i>, stock, stem; <i>man</i>, a man. A stock-man;
+a keeper of stock; a nurseryman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stocks.</i> <i>Stock</i>, Stock; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stockton.</i> <i>Stoc</i>, stock; <i>tún</i>, a farm. A stock-farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stockwell.</i> <i>Stock</i>, a stock, stem, trunk, stick; <i>well</i>, a well.
+A well found in a wooded place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoddard.</i> <i>Stod</i>, a post, a stand, a pillar; <i>ard</i>, an ensign
+of office. A post-sign. Stoddart, doubtless, from the same
+roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoffer.</i> <i>Stof</i>, a club; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses a
+club; a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stokely.</i> <i>Stock</i>, past participle of <i>stic-ian</i>, to stick, to push,
+to poke, and, hence, to stir; a person who sticks, pushes, or
+pokes is a <i>sticker</i>, or a stoker; <i>líc</i>, like. Stoker-like. Stokley,
+a cognate form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoker.</i> <i>Sticker</i>, one who, or that which, <i>sticks</i>, pushes, or
+stirs, as it were, a fire. In Ireland, such a person was a <i>stoca</i>,
+a servant-boy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stokes.</i> <i>Stoke</i>, Stoke; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stoke.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stone.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoneham.</i> <i>Stán</i>, stone; <i>hám</i>, house. A stone-house.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">[127]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Stonehill.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone; <i>hill</i>, or <i>hyl</i>, a hill. A stone-hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoneman.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone; <i>man</i>, a man. A quarryman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoner.</i> <i>Stán</i>, a stone; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A stone-breaker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stones.</i> <i>Stone</i>, Stone; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stony.</i> <i>Stǽn-ig</i>, or <i>stǽn-iht</i>, stony.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoop.</i> <i>Stoppa</i>, a pot, a vessel, a cup.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stoops.</i> <i>Stoop</i>, Stoop; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stoop.
+Stoopes, a kindred form.</p>
+
+<p><i>Storck.</i> <i>Storc</i>, a stork. Storch, Stork, from the same
+radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Storm.</i> <i>Storm</i>, or <i>steorm</i>, a storm, a tempest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Storms.</i> <i>Storm</i>, Storm; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Storm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stott.</i> <i>Stotte</i>, a hack, jade, a worthless horse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stotten.</i> <i>Stotte</i>, a jade; <i>en</i>, an adjective termination.
+Jadish; vicious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stotts.</i> <i>Stott</i>, Stott; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Stott. Stotz,
+of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stow.</i> <i>Stow</i>, a place, dwelling-place, habitation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stowman.</i> <i>Stow</i>, a place; <i>man</i>, a man. The man of the
+place; the proprietor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Strack.</i> <i>Strac</i>, straight, rigid, violent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stracker.</i> <i>Strac</i>, rigid, violent; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A stern
+man; a violent man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Strader.</i> <i>Strade</i>, imperfect of <i>stredan</i>, to spread; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. One who spreads, or straddles. Or, from <i>stræde</i>, a
+stride; <i>ere</i>, one who. One who strides.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stradinger.</i> <i>Strade</i>, spread; <i>ing</i>, implying action; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. A straddling person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stradling.</i> <i>Strade</i>, spread; <i>ling</i>, denoting state or condition
+of a person. Act of one who straddles.</p>
+
+<p><i>Strand.</i> <i>Strand</i>, a strand, beach, shore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Strang.</i> <i>Strang</i>, strong, powerful, valiant, severe, rigid.
+Strong, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stratton.</i> <i>Stræte</i>, what is spread, a couch, a bed; <i>tún</i>, a
+house. A bed-house; an inn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Straw.</i> <i>Streow</i>, or <i>strēaw</i>, straw, hay, a bed.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">[128]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Strawbridge.</i> <i>Streaw</i>, a bed; <i>brycg</i>, a bridge. A bridge
+that is flat like a bed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Street.</i> <i>Strǽt</i>, street, way, course, public road, mark.</p>
+
+<p><i>Streeter.</i> <i>Strǽt</i>, a way, a road; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A foot-traveler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Streeton.</i> <i>Strǽt</i>, a street; <i>tún</i>, a town. A city or town
+of streets.</p>
+
+<p><i>Streets.</i> <i>Street</i>, Street; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Street.</p>
+
+<p><i>Strenger.</i> <i>Streng</i>, a string, sinew; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+sinewy man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stricker.</i> <i>Strica</i>, a stroke; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who makes
+a strike; a striker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Strickland.</i> <i>Astricen</i>, a participle from <i>astrican</i>, to smite;
+<i>land</i>, a land, a region. A smitten region. Or, from <i>stric</i>,
+plague, sedition, and <i>land</i>, land. A plague-land; a land of
+sedition.</p>
+
+<p><i>String.</i> <i>String</i>, a string, sinew, chord, cord, rope, line,
+race.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stringer.</i> <i>String</i>, a chord, the string of a musical instrument;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. A musician.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stringfellow.</i> <i>String</i>, a string; <i>felaw</i>, a companion. A
+string-companion; a band-fellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stringfield.</i> <i>String</i>, a line; <i>feld</i>, a field. A fenced field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Styer.</i> <i>Stýre</i>, ruling, direction, regulation, government,
+discipline, punishment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Styers.</i> <i>Styer</i>, Styer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Styer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Styler.</i> <i>Stýl</i>, steel; <i>ere</i>, an agent. Steel-maker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Styles.</i> <i>Stýles</i>, genitive of <i>stýl</i>, steel. Belonging to steel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Styring.</i> <i>Styer</i>, Styer; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Son of Styer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sugden</i>, <i>Súg</i>, a sow; <i>den</i>, a valley. Sow-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sugg.</i> <i>Súg</i>, a sow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sulger.</i> <i>Sulg</i>, a plough, a ploughshare; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One who ploughs; a ploughman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sullwin.</i> <i>Sul</i>, a plough; <i>wine</i>, a friend, a disciple. A
+disciple of the plough; a farmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Summ</i>, <i>Sum</i>, some, one, some one, any.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">[129]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Summerfield.</i> <i>Sumer</i>, or <i>somer</i>, summer; <i>feld</i>, a field. A
+summer-field; a field of grass and flowers. Sommerfield, of
+like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sumner.</i> <i>Sumer</i>, summer, by the insertion of an <i>n</i> between
+<i>m</i> and <i>e</i>, becomes the name under consideration, and affords
+a good illustration of one of the many attempts made to
+disguise the origin of names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sundberg.</i> <i>Sund</i>, floating; <i>beorg</i>, a mountain. A floating
+mountain; an iceberg.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sunderland.</i> <i>Sunder</i>, sunder, separate, different; <i>land</i>,
+land. A separate land; a land that has been sundered, from
+<i>sundrían</i>, to sunder, or separated.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sutton.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south; <i>tún</i>, town. South-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Suwald.</i> <i>Súdh</i>, south; <i>wald</i>, wood. South-wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swallow.</i> <i>Swalewe</i>, a swallow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swan.</i> <i>Swan</i>, a swan. Swann, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swank.</i> <i>Swânc</i>, imperfect of <i>swincan</i>, to toil, to labor.
+Labored; toil-worn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swanson.</i> <i>Swan</i>, Swan; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Swan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swanton.</i> <i>Swan</i>, a swan; <i>tún</i>, town, a dwelling. A swan-dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swarbrig.</i> <i>Swǽr</i>, heavy; <i>brig</i>, a bridge. A heavy bridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swartley.</i> <i>Swart</i>, black; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling black.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweat.</i> <i>Swet</i>, sweat, blood, gore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweater.</i> <i>Swet</i>, sweat; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who sweats;
+a laborer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweatman.</i> <i>Swet</i>, sweat; <i>man</i>, a man. A man that sweats;
+a toiler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweet.</i> <i>Swét</i>, sweet, pleasant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweeten.</i> <i>Swéten</i>, from <i>swét-an</i>, to sweeten. Made sweet;
+sweetened.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweeting.</i> <i>Sweet</i>, Sweet; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant
+of Sweet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweetland.</i> <i>Swét</i>, pleasant; <i>land</i>, a land. A pleasant
+land.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">[130]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Sweetman.</i> <i>Swét</i>, pleasant; <i>man</i>, a man. An agreeable
+man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweetwood.</i> <i>Swét</i>, pleasant; <i>wud</i>, a wood. A pleasant
+wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swegan.</i> <i>Swég-an</i>, to sound, make a noise, to howl as the
+wind.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweigard.</i> <i>Sweig</i>, a noise; <i>ard</i>, an ensign of office. One
+whose office is to make a noise, as evidenced by an ensign;
+a town-crier. Sweigert, Swigert, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sweiger.</i> <i>Sweig</i>, a noise; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A noisy fellow.
+Or, from <i>sweig-an</i>, to make a noise, and <i>ere</i>, an agent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swenck.</i> <i>Swenc</i>, temptation, condemnation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swenson.</i> <i>Swein</i>, a swain, a herdsman, a servant; <i>sun</i>,
+son. Son of a swain; son of a herdsman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swift.</i> <i>Swift</i>, swift, nimble.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swigler.</i> <i>Swíga</i>, silence; <i>lǽr</i>, learning, knowledge,
+doctrine. Silence-doctrine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swiler.</i> <i>Swil-ian</i>, to swill, to wash; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who swills; a swiller; a drunkard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swilkey.</i> <i>Swilce</i>, moreover, seeing, indeed, further.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swindell.</i> <i>Swin</i>, a song, a lay; <i>dǽl</i>, a dale, a valley. A
+song-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swindells.</i> <i>Swindell</i>, Swindell; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Swindell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swinden.</i> <i>Swin</i>, a song; <i>den</i>, a valley. A song-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swineford.</i> <i>Swín</i>, swine, a pig; <i>ford</i>, a ford. Swine-ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swinehart.</i> <i>Swín</i>, swine; <i>heort</i>, a termination denoting
+hearty, hearted, brave. Swine-hearted; brave as swine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swing.</i> <i>Swing</i>, a whip, a blow, a stripe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swink.</i> <i>Swinc</i>, labor, inconvenience, fatigue, trouble,
+affliction, torment, temptation, banishment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swinker.</i> <i>Swinc</i>, labor, torment; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A laborer;
+a tormentor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swinton.</i> <i>Swin</i>, a song; <i>tún</i>, a house. A song-house.
+Swint, perhaps, a contraction.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">[131]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Swire.</i> <i>Swir</i>, a column, a pillar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swope.</i> <i>Swope</i>, a whip, a scourge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Syckelmoore.</i> <i>Sicel</i>, a sickle; <i>mór</i>, a moor, a heath. A
+sickled heath.</p>
+
+<p><i>Syle.</i> <i>Sýl</i>, a sill, a ground-post, a post, a pillar, a column.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sypher.</i> <i>Sýfer</i>, pure, decent, sober, abstinent, chaste.</p>
+
+<h4>T.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Tadly.</i> <i>Táde</i>, a toad; <i>líc</i>, like. Toad-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taessel.</i> <i>Tǽsel</i>, teasel, the fuller’s herb.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tafel.</i> <i>Tæfel</i>, a dice or gaming table, a game at table or
+dice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tag.</i> <i>Tæg</i>, a bag, a chest, a coffer, a cupboard. Tage,
+Tagg, Tague, kindred names.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taggart.</i> <i>Tæg</i>, a bag, a chest; <i>geard</i>, a measure. Chest-measure.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tagle.</i> <i>Tǽgel</i>, a tail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tams.</i> Irish <i>tam</i>, slow, sluggish; Anglo-Saxon <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>,
+son. Son of Tamm; a slow son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tapking.</i> <i>Tæpp</i>, a tap; <i>cyncg</i>, a king. A tap-king; a
+drinking king.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tappan.</i> <i>Tæppan</i>, to tap, to draw out, to drink.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tappen.</i> <i>Tæppen</i>, indicative of a participle from <i>tæppan</i>, to
+tap, to draw out, to drink. Tapped; drawn out; drank.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tapper.</i> <i>Tæpp-ere</i>, a tapper, butler, vinter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tapping.</i> <i>Tæpp</i>, a tap; <i>ing</i>, expressive of action. Tapping;
+drawing out.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tarbert.</i> <i>Tare</i>, tar; <i>beorht</i>, glistening. Tar-glistening.</p>
+
+<p><i>Targett.</i> <i>Targe</i>, a shield, a buckler; <i>ett</i>, little, small. A
+little shield.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tar.</i> <i>Tare</i>, tar, balsam, pitch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tarring.</i> <i>Tarr</i>, Tarr; <i>ing</i>, expressive of origin. Descendant
+of Tarr.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tarton.</i> <i>Tare</i>, tar, pitch; <i>tún</i>, a farm. A tar-farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taswell.</i> <i>Tas</i>, a tass; <i>well</i>, a well. A mow of corn.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">[132]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Tate.</i> <i>Tát</i>, soft, tender.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tatham.</i> <i>Tát</i>, soft, tender; <i>hám</i>, a home. A tender
+home. Tatem, perhaps, an abbreviated form of the word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tatlow.</i> <i>Tát</i>, soft, tender, and <i>low</i>, a low, a bellow, from
+<i>hlowan</i>, to low, to bellow. A tender low; a soft bellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tatman.</i> <i>Tát</i>, soft, tender; <i>man</i>, a man. A tender man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taw.</i> <i>Táw</i>, tow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Taws.</i> <i>Taw</i>, Taw; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Taw.</p>
+
+<p><i>Teal.</i> <i>Teale</i>, an excuse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Teamer.</i> <i>Teáma</i>, a voucher, a witness, a leader.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tees.</i> <i>Tǽse</i>, right, kind, benevolent, gentle. Teese, of like
+import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Teesdale.</i> <i>Tǽse</i>, gentle; <i>dǽl</i>, a dale, a valley. A gentle
+dale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Telford.</i> <i>Tele</i>, imperfect of <i>tellan</i>, to esteem. An esteemed
+ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Telle.</i> <i>Tele</i>, reputed, esteemed. Tell, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Teller.</i> <i>Tellan</i>, to tell, to relate; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A teller;
+a relater.</p>
+
+<p><i>Temple.</i> <i>Tempel</i>, Latin <i>templum</i>, a temple.</p>
+
+<p><i>Templeman.</i> <i>Tempel</i>, a temple; <i>man</i>, a man. A temple-man;
+a priest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Templeton.</i> <i>Tempel</i>, a temple; <i>tún</i>, a house, a town. A
+temple-house; a church; a town of temples. When the
+Angles and Saxons settled in Britain, they had idols, altars,
+temples, and priests. These temples were surrounded with
+enclosures, and were profaned if lances were thrown into
+them. It is probable, therefore, that they obtained their
+word for temple directly from the Latins, and not from the
+Norman-French after the Conquest by William.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thacher.</i> <i>Thecere</i>, from <i>thæc</i>, a thach, a thatch, a roof,
+and <i>ere</i>, an agent. A thatcher; a roofer. Thatcher, from
+the same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thatford.</i> <i>Theód</i>, people’s; <i>ford</i>, a ford. People’s ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thaw.</i> <i>Theáw</i>, custom, manner, habit, behavior.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">[133]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Thegen.</i> <i>Thegen</i>, a servant, attendant, disciple, scholar,
+soldier, officer, knight, nobleman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thein.</i> <i>Theign</i>, a servant, attendant, disciple, officer,
+nobleman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thissell.</i> <i>Thistel</i>, a thistle. Thistle, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thole.</i> <i>Thól</i>, the thole, a piece of wood to support the
+oars.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tholey.</i> <i>Thól</i>, the thole; <i>líc</i>, like. Thole-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thorman.</i> <i>Thor</i>, Thor; <i>man</i>, a servant. A servant of
+Thor. Thor was one of the principal idols of the Saxons,
+Germans, etc. He was their Jupiter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thorn.</i> <i>Thorn</i>, a thorn. Thorne, an equivalent name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thornberg.</i> <i>Thorn</i>, a thorn; <i>beorg</i>, a hill. A thorn-hill;
+a thorny hill. Thornburg, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thornberry.</i> <i>Thorn</i>, a thorn; <i>berige</i>, a berry. A thorny
+berry; a prickly berry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thornhill.</i> <i>Thorn</i>, a thorn; <i>hyll</i>, a hill. A thorny hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thornley.</i> <i>Thorn</i>, a thorn; <i>líc</i>, like. Thorn-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thornton.</i> <i>Thorn</i>, a thorn; <i>tún</i>, a farm. A thorny farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thorp.</i> <i>Thorpe</i>, a thorp, village. Thorpe, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thrall.</i> <i>Thræl</i>, a slave, a bondman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thrasher.</i> <i>Thærsc-ere</i>, from <i>thærsc-an</i>, to thrash, and
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. A thrasher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Threlfall.</i> <i>Threal</i>, a servant; <i>fæl</i>, pure, clean, good, true.
+A good servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thress.</i> <i>Thræs</i>, or <i>thres</i>, a hem, a frill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thur.</i> <i>Thur</i>, Thor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thurber.</i> <i>Thur</i>, Thor; <i>beorh</i>, a mountain. Thor’s mountain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thuring.</i> <i>Thur</i>, Thor; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Descendant of
+Thor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thurman.</i> <i>Thur</i>, Thor; <i>man</i>, a servant. Thor’s servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thurston.</i> <i>Thures</i>, genitive of <i>Thur</i>, Thor; <i>tún</i>, house.
+Thor’s house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thurwanger.</i> <i>Thur</i>, Thor; <i>wangere</i>, a pillow. Thor’s
+pillow.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">[134]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Tiegman.</i> <i>Tige</i>, a tie, a band; <i>man</i>, a man. One who
+uses a band; a surgeon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tiel.</i> <i>Tigle</i>, a tile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tier.</i> <i>Tier</i>, a tier, rank, series, heap.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tiers.</i> <i>Tier</i>, Tier; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Tier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tilburn.</i> <i>Til</i>, station; <i>burne</i>, a bourn, stream, brook. A
+station near a stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tilden.</i> <i>Til</i>, a station; <i>den</i>, a valley. A valley-station.</p>
+
+<p><i>Till.</i> <i>Till</i>, a station.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tillman.</i> <i>Till</i>, a station; <i>man</i>, a man. A station-master.
+Tilman, a cognate name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tillyer.</i> <i>Till-an</i>, to till, to cultivate; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A tiller;
+a cultivator.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tilton.</i> <i>Til</i>, station; <i>tún</i>, town. A station-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tindall.</i> <i>Tin</i>, tin; <i>dál</i>, a valley. A tin-valley. Tindel,
+from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tine.</i> <i>Tine</i>, a tine, tooth of a harrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tines.</i> <i>Tine</i>, Tine; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Tine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tinney.</i> <i>Tin-ig</i>, resembling tin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tinsley.</i> <i>Tines</i>, genitive of <i>tin</i>, tin; <i>líc</i>, form, like. Tin-like;
+form of tin. Tinley, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tinsman.</i> <i>Tines</i>, genitive of <i>tin</i>, tin; <i>man</i>, man. A dealer
+in tin; a seller of tin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Toft.</i> <i>Toft</i>, a croft, a homestead.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tool.</i> <i>Tól</i>, a tool, an instrument. Toole, from the same
+root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Toon.</i> <i>Tún</i>, pronounced <i>toon</i>, a field, dwelling, house, mansion,
+yard, farm, village, class, course, town. Toone, of like
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tooney.</i> <i>Tún-ig</i>, from <i>tún</i>, a town, and <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+termination implying resemblance. Townish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Toorish.</i> <i>Torr</i>, a tower; <i>isc</i>, an adjective termination signifying
+resembling. Tower-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Toothaker.</i> <i>Tódh-ece</i>, the toothache; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who has the toothache.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">[135]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Topham.</i> <i>Top</i>, a ball, a tuft at the top of anything; <i>hám</i>,
+a home. A hilly home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Topley.</i> <i>Top</i>, a ball; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a ball.</p>
+
+<p><i>Toplis.</i> <i>Top</i>, a ball; <i>liss</i>, favor. Ball-favor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Topping.</i> <i>Top</i>, a ball; <i>ing</i>, implying action. Balling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Torbeort.</i> <i>Tor</i>, a tower, a high hill, rock, peak, tor; <i>beorht</i>,
+glistening, shining. A glistening peak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Torr.</i> <i>Tor</i>, a tower, rock, peak, tor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Torrey.</i> <i>Tor-ig</i>, from <i>tor</i>, a tower, a hill, a rock; <i>ig</i>, an
+adjective termination. Towering; hilly; rocky.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tower.</i> <i>Tor</i>, a tower, a high hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Towers.</i> <i>Tower</i>, Tower; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Tower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Town.</i> <i>Tún</i>, a field, a dwelling, house, mansion, farm,
+village, town, city. Towne, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Towner.</i> <i>Tún</i>, a town; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A dweller in a
+town; a townsman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Townley.</i> <i>Tún</i>, a town; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Towns.</i> <i>Town</i>, Town; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Townsend.</i> <i>Túnes</i>, genitive of <i>tún</i>, a town; <i>end</i>, termination
+of masculine nouns denoting a man. A townsman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Townson.</i> <i>Town</i>, Town; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trager.</i> <i>Trag</i>, evil, bad; <i>ere</i>, an agent. An evil person;
+a sinner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Treadway.</i> <i>Træd</i>, trod; <i>wæg</i>, a way. A trodden way.
+Or, from <i>tred</i>, a step, and <i>wæg</i>, a way. A step-way; a stairs.
+Tredway, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Treadwell.</i> <i>Tred</i>, a step; <i>well</i>, a well. A step-well.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tree.</i> <i>Treow</i>, or <i>treo</i>, a tree, a club.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tregea.</i> <i>Tréga</i>, vexation, tribulation, contumely, loss,
+misery, torment. Trego, perhaps, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tresch.</i> <i>Treisc</i>, tragical. Tresck, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trescher.</i> <i>Treisc</i>, tragical; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A tragedian.
+Tresher, an equivalent name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Treude.</i> <i>Treúdh</i>, troth, truth, league, pledge, covenant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trewin.</i> <i>Tré</i>, vexation, tribulation; <i>win</i>, a man. A man
+of tribulation.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">[136]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Trexler.</i> <i>Treisc</i>, tragical; <i>lár</i>, knowledge, learning.
+Tragedy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Treischbock.</i> <i>Treisc</i>, tragical; <i>bóc</i>, a book. A book of
+tragedy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trimmingham.</i> <i>Trymming</i>, confirming, fortifying, establishing;
+<i>hám</i>, a house. A house of confirmation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Troth.</i> <i>Treówdh</i>, troth, truth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trout.</i> <i>Truht</i>, a trout. Troutt, an equivalent name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Troutman.</i> <i>Truht</i>, a trout; <i>man</i>, a man. A trout-fisher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trow.</i> <i>Treów</i>, trust, faith, pledge, covenant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trowbridge.</i> <i>Treówe</i>, faithful; <i>bricg</i>, a bridge. A faithful
+bridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trowell.</i> <i>Treów</i>, trust, faith; <i>el</i>, indicative of a person. A
+trusty person; a faithful person.</p>
+
+<p><i>True.</i> <i>Trýwe</i>, true, faithful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Trueman.</i> <i>Trýwe</i>, true; <i>man</i>, a man, a servant. A true
+man; a faithful servant. Truman, of similar import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tudor.</i> <i>Tudor</i>, issue, offspring, seed, progeny, posterity,
+family. Tuder, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tuman.</i> <i>Tú</i>, two; <i>man</i>, a man. Twin-man; twin-brother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tumbleston.</i> <i>Tumb-ian</i>, to tumble; <i>stán</i>, a rock. A rock
+that tumbles; a tumbling rock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tunis.</i> <i>Túnes</i>, genitive of <i>tún</i>, a town. Belonging to a
+town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tunison.</i> <i>Túnes</i>, genitive of <i>tún</i>, a town; <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of a town; a townsman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tunney.</i> <i>Tún</i>, a town; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Townish. Tunny, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tuohy.</i> <i>Tuoege</i>, two.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turkington.</i> <i>Turk</i>, from Irish <i>torc</i>, a boar; <i>ing</i>, implying
+a descendant; <i>tún</i>, house. Home of a descendant of Turk.
+Torkington, of similar significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turland.</i> <i>Tur</i>, a tower, a high hill, a peak; <i>land</i>, a land.
+A hilly land.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turley.</i> <i>Tur</i>, a tower; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a tower;
+tower-like; towering.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">[137]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Turnbolt.</i> <i>Turnian</i>, to turn; <i>bolt</i>, a bolt. A turned
+bolt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turnbull.</i> <i>Turnian</i>, to turn; <i>bull</i>, a stud, a brooch. A
+turned brooch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turner.</i> <i>Turnian</i>, to turn; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A turner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turnpenny.</i> <i>Turnian</i>, to turn; <i>penig</i>, a penny. A turned
+penny.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turpin.</i> <i>Tur</i>, a rock; <i>pinn</i>, a pen. A rock pen; a steel
+pen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Turtle.</i> <i>Turtel</i>, or <i>turtle</i>, a turtle, a turtle-dove.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tussey.</i> <i>Tusc</i>, the canine, or eye-tooth, a tusk; <i>ig</i>, denoting
+an adjective. Tusky.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tustin.</i> <i>Tusc</i>, a tusk; <i>tine</i>, a tine. Tine of a tusk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tuston.</i> <i>Tusc</i>, a tusk; <i>tún</i>, a house, a dwelling. A tusk-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twaddell.</i> <i>Twæde</i>, double, two-fold; <i>dǽl</i>, a dale, a valley.
+A twin-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tway.</i> <i>Twá</i>, twice, double.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tweed.</i> <i>Twæde</i>, double, two-fold.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tweedale.</i> <i>Tweo</i>, double; <i>dǽl</i>, a dale, a valley. A twin-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tweedie.</i> <i>Twæde</i>, double, two-fold.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tweedle.</i> <i>Twæde</i>, double; <i>le</i>, for <i>el</i>, indicative of a person.
+A twin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twitman.</i> <i>Ætwitan</i>, to tease, to reproach, to blame, to
+upbraid; <i>man</i>, a man. A person who upbraids another.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twibill.</i> <i>Twý-bill</i>, a twibill, a pole-axe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twiford.</i> <i>Twý-ford</i>, a double ford. Applied to the name
+of places near a river where two branches had to be forded.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twigg.</i> <i>Twig</i>, two, double.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twigs.</i> <i>Twig</i>, Twig; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Twig.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twiney.</i> <i>Twín</i>, thread, twine, fine linen; <i>ig</i>, expressive of
+an adjective. Resembling twine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Twining.</i> <i>Twín-an</i>, to twine, to twist; <i>ing</i>, implying action.
+Twining; twisting.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">[138]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Twitchell.</i> <i>Twiccian</i>, to twitch; <i>el</i>, a termination denoting
+a person. A person that twitches; a nervous, restless person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tyber.</i> <i>Tiber</i>, a sacrifice, gift, offering, victim.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tye.</i> <i>Ty</i>, instructs, teaches, imbues, inures.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tyer.</i> <i>Ty</i>, instructs, teaches; <i>ere</i>, an agent. An instructor;
+a teacher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tylacher.</i> <i>Ty</i>, instructs; <i>lach</i>, a garment; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A sewing-teacher; a tailor. Tylacker, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tymon.</i> <i>Ty</i>, instructs; <i>mon</i>, a man. A man that instructs;
+a pedagogue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tynan.</i> <i>Tynan</i>, to hedge in, to enclose, to shut.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tyne.</i> <i>Tyne</i>, ten.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tyner.</i> <i>Tyne</i>, ten; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A person of ten years
+of experience.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tyre.</i> <i>Tyr</i>, a leader, prince, glory, splendor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tyrell.</i> <i>Tyr</i>, a prince; <i>el</i>, an ending denoting a person.
+A princely person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tyson.</i> <i>Tye</i>, Tye; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Tye.</p>
+
+<h4>U.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Ulm.</i> <i>Ulm</i>, an elm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ulman.</i> <i>Ulm</i>, an elm; <i>man</i>, a man. An elm-man; a
+propagator of the elm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ulmer.</i> <i>Ulm</i>, an elm; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A cultivator of the
+elm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ulric.</i> <i>Ulph-ríc</i>, from <i>ulph</i>, help, aid, assistance, and <i>ríc</i>,
+rich, powerful. Rich, or powerful in help. Ulrick, a cognate
+term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Umstead.</i> <i>Hulme</i>, for <i>holm</i>, the deep sea, abyss, ocean,
+water, and <i>stede</i>, a place. Ocean-place. Umsted, an analogous
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Underdown.</i> <i>Under</i>, under; <i>dún</i>, a mountain, a hill. An
+under hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Underhill.</i> <i>Under</i>, under; <i>hyll</i>, a hill. An under hill.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_139">[139]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Underwood.</i> <i>Under</i>, under; <i>wud</i>, wood. Under-wood;
+undergrowth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Unger.</i> <i>Ungr</i>, hunger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ungerer.</i> <i>Ungr</i>, hunger; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A hungry
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Upham.</i> <i>Upp</i>, high, lofty; <i>hám</i>, a house. A lofty home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Upmann.</i> <i>Upp</i>, high; <i>mann</i>, a man. A man high in
+position; a man of rank; a superior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Upp.</i> <i>Upp</i>, high, lofty.</p>
+
+<p><i>Upright.</i> <i>Up-riht</i>, upright, erect.</p>
+
+<p><i>Upson.</i> <i>Up</i>, Upp; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Upp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Upton.</i> <i>Upp</i>, high, lofty; <i>tún</i>, a town. A lofty town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ustick.</i> <i>Ust</i>, a tempest; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Tempestuous; stormy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Uth.</i> <i>Udh</i>, pronounced <i>uth</i>, termination of the feminine
+noun <i>geogudh</i>, youth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Uting.</i> <i>Ut</i>, Utt; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant of Utt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Utt.</i> <i>Ut</i>, out, without, abroad.</p>
+
+<p><i>Uttley.</i> <i>Utt</i>, Utt; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling Utt.</p>
+
+<h4>W.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Wade.</i> <i>Wád</i>, a ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wadsworth.</i> <i>Wádes</i>, genitive of <i>wád</i>, a ford; <i>weordh</i>,
+value, price. Valuable ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waer.</i> <i>Wǽr</i>, an enclosure, a fishpond, a wear, a wave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waesch.</i> <i>Wæsc</i>, a washing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wagel.</i> <i>Wægel</i>, a gill, a little vessel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wagener.</i> <i>Wǽgen-ere</i>, a wagoner, driver of a car. Waggener,
+Wagner, Wagoner, kindred terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wager.</i> <i>Wǽg</i>, a wey, weigh, weight; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+weigher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wagstaff.</i> <i>Wǽg</i>, a balance; <i>stæf</i>, a staff, stick, pole. A
+balance-pole.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wainwright.</i> <i>Wǽn-wyrhta</i>, a wheelwright.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wake.</i> <i>Wæcce</i>, wake, watch, vigil. A watching.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_140">[140]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wakefield.</i> <i>Wæcan</i>, to awake, arise, to be born; past
+participle <i>wacen</i>, awakened; <i>feld</i>, a field. An awakened
+field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wakeley.</i> <i>Wǽc-líc</i>, from <i>wǽc</i>, weak, and <i>líc</i>, like. Weak-like;
+weakly. Wakelee, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wakeling.</i> <i>Wǽc</i>, weak; <i>ling</i>, implying the condition of a
+person. A weakling; a feeble creature.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walborn.</i> <i>Wæl</i>, or <i>wal</i>, slaughter, carnage, death; <i>born</i>,
+born. Dead-born; stillborn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walce.</i> <i>Walc</i>, a veil.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walch.</i> <i>Walch</i>, a foreigner, a stranger, a servant, a slave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walcher.</i> <i>Walch</i>, a foreigner, a stranger; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A foreigner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wald.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a forest, wood, grove, weald, wild, wold.
+Walde, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waldeck.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood; <i>ig</i>, implying an adjective.
+Woody.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walden.</i> <i>Wald</i>, wood; <i>en</i>, an adjective termination.
+Woody.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walder.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a forest; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A forester.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walderford.</i> <i>Walda</i>, a ruler; <i>ford</i>, a ford. The ruler’s
+ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walderly.</i> <i>Walda-líc</i>, from <i>walda</i>, a ruler, and <i>líc</i>, like.
+Resembling a ruler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waldie.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood; <i>ig</i>, denoting an adjective. Woody.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waldis.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood; <i>isc</i>, like. Wood-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waldman.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood; <i>man</i>, a man. A woodman.
+Waldmann, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waldner.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood, a forest; <i>nere</i>, a refuge. Wood-refuge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waldron.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood; <i>rond</i>, a border. A wood-border.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walds.</i> <i>Wald</i>, Wald; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wald.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waley.</i> <i>Wæl</i>, a well; <i>ig</i>, implying an adjective. Well-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walfish.</i> <i>Wæl</i>, a well; <i>fisc</i>, a fish. A well-fish.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_141">[141]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Walford.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a rampart; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A rampart-ford;
+a moat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walk.</i> <i>Weolc</i>, imperfect of <i>wealcan</i>, to roll, turn, tumble,
+revolve, turn up and down. Rolled; tumbled; revolved;
+turned up and down.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walker.</i> <i>Weolc</i>, rolled, revolved, turned up and down;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. One who turned up and down; a walker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walkley.</i> <i>Walk</i>, Walk; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling Walk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wall.</i> <i>Weall</i>, or <i>wáll</i>, a wall, a rampart.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallace.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a rampart, a bulwark; <i>lǽce</i>, a surgeon.
+The surgeon of a rampart. Wallack, Wallick, of like
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallen.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>en</i>, a termination denoting an adjective.
+Wall-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waller.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A waller; a
+mason.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallers.</i> <i>Waller</i>, Waller; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Waller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walley.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>ig</i>, denoting an adjective. Wall-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallgren.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>gréne</i>, green. Wall-green.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallin.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>in</i>, an inn, a dwelling. A walled
+dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walling.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant of
+Wall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallington.</i> <i>Walling</i>, Walling; <i>tún</i>, house. Home of
+Walling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallis.</i> <i>Weallisc</i>, foreign, Welsh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walliser.</i> <i>Weallisc</i>, Welsh; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A Welshman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walls.</i> <i>Wall</i>, Wall; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wallum.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>um</i> for <i>hám</i>, a house, a dwelling.
+A walled house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walmsley.</i> <i>Wælmes</i>, genitive of <i>wælm</i>, heat, anger; <i>líc</i>,
+form, likeness. Form of anger; resembling heat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wain.</i> <i>Wǽn</i>, a wain, wagon, carriage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walnut.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>hnut</i>, a nut. A walled nut.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walraun.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>hræfen</i>, a raven. A wall-raven.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_142">[142]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Walsh.</i> <i>Weallisc</i>, Welsh. Welch, Welsh, Welsch, from
+the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walstead.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall; <i>stede</i>, a place. A walled, or
+fortified place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walstrum.</i> <i>Wáll</i>, a wall, a rampart; <i>streom</i>, a stream.
+A walled stream; an aqueduct.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walt.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood, a forest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walter.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a forest; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A forester.
+Walther, doubtless, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walters.</i> <i>Walter</i>, Walter; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Walter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waltman.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood; <i>man</i>, a man. A woodman; a
+hunter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waltoe.</i> <i>Wál</i>, a wall; <i>tǽ</i>, a toe. A wall-toe; the toe
+used in scaling a rampart.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waltun.</i> <i>Wál</i>, a wall; <i>tún</i>, a dwelling. A walled dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waltram.</i> <i>Wald</i>, a wood; <i>ram</i>, a ram. A wooden ram;
+a battering-ram.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walwork.</i> <i>Wáll-geweorc</i>, from <i>wáll</i>, a wall, and <i>geweorc</i>,
+work. Wall-work.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wamalong.</i> <i>Woma</i>, a sound; <i>long</i>, long. A continued
+sound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wambold.</i> <i>Wam</i>, crime; <i>bóld</i>, audacious. An audacious
+crime.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wampole.</i> <i>Wam</i>, a stain; <i>pol</i>, a pole. A stained pole; a
+bludgeon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wanamaker.</i> <i>Wana</i>, deficient, lacking, imperfect; <i>macian</i>,
+to make; <i>ere</i>, an agent. An unskilled mechanic.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wandall.</i> <i>Wan</i>, deficient, wanting, void; <i>dál</i>, a valley.
+An empty valley. Wandell, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wanner.</i> <i>Wann</i>, pale, livid, dusky, dark; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A wan person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warbrick.</i> <i>Wár</i>, caution; <i>bric</i>, a bridge. A caution-bridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warburton.</i> <i>Wǽr-borh</i>, a pledge for the payment of the
+were or fine for slaying a man; <i>tún</i>, a town. A town’s
+pledge for the payment of the were or fine for slaying a man.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_143">[143]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Ward.</i> <i>Weard</i>, a warden, ward-keeper, guardian, watchman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warder.</i> <i>Weard</i>, watch, vigilance; <i>ere</i>, denoting an agent.
+A watchman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wardin.</i> <i>Weardin</i>, a watch-tower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wardle.</i> <i>Weard</i>, a guard, guardianship, watch; <i>le</i> for <i>el</i>,
+implying a person. A watchman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wardrop.</i> <i>Weard</i>, a warden; <i>rop</i>, broth, pottage. A
+warden’s pottage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ware.</i> <i>Ware</i>, a harbor, a haven. Or, from <i>wǽr</i>, an
+enclosure.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wareham.</i> <i>Wǽr-hám</i>, from <i>wǽr</i>, an enclosure, and <i>hám</i>,
+a house, a dwelling. A fortified dwelling. Waream, an
+abbreviated form of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warfield.</i> <i>Wær</i>, war; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain. A battlefield.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warford.</i> <i>Wǽr</i>, an enclosed place; <i>ford</i>, a ford. An
+enclosed ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waring.</i> <i>Ware</i>, Ware; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Son of Ware.
+Or, from <i>wǽring</i>, a wall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wark.</i> <i>Wærc</i>, work, labor, fatigue, suffering, pain, grief,
+anguish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warley.</i> <i>Wær</i>, war; <i>líc</i>, like. Warlike.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warman.</i> <i>Wær</i>, war; <i>man</i>, a man. A warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warmuth.</i> <i>Wær</i>, war; <i>múdh</i>, mouth. War-mouth; declaration
+of war.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warne.</i> <i>Wearn</i>, a keeping off, obstacle, resistance, refusal,
+denial.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warner.</i> <i>Warnian</i>, to warn; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+gives warning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warnig.</i> <i>Wearn</i>, obstacle, resistance; <i>ig</i>, denoting an
+adjective. Opposing; resistful. Warnick, Warnecke, Warnock,
+kindred terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warr.</i> <i>Wearr</i>, a knot, a wart.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warrick.</i> <i>Wearr-ig</i>, or <i>wearr-iht</i>, knotty, rough.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warris.</i> <i>Wearr</i>, a knot, a wart; <i>isc</i>, implying like. Knot-like;
+hard; rough.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">[144]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Warth.</i> <i>Warodh</i>, a shore, a weed on the shore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warthman.</i> <i>Warodh</i>, a shore; <i>man</i>, a man. A shore-man;
+a land-man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wartman.</i> <i>Weart</i>, a wart; <i>man</i>, a man. A warty man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warwick.</i> <i>Wǽring-wic</i>, from <i>wǽring</i>, a bulwark, and <i>wic</i>,
+a dwelling. A fortified dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wasch.</i> <i>Wæsc</i>, a washing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wasrott.</i> <i>Wæs</i>, water; <i>rot</i>, a mastiff. A water-mastiff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Washam.</i> <i>Wæsc</i>, a washing; <i>hám</i>, a house. A wash-house;
+a laundry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Washburne.</i> <i>Wæsc</i>, a washing; <i>burne</i>, a stream, brook,
+river, well. A washing stream. Washburn, from the same
+root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Washington.</i> <i>Wæsc-ing</i>, a washing; <i>tún</i>, a house. A
+washing house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waste.</i> <i>Wæsten</i>, or <i>wéste</i>, a desert.</p>
+
+<p><i>Water.</i> <i>Wæter</i>, water.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waterall.</i> <i>Wæter</i>, water; <i>all</i>, all. All-water; a deluge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waterbury.</i> <i>Wæter</i>, water; <i>byrig</i>, a city. A watery city;
+a watering-place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waterfield.</i> <i>Wæter</i>, water; <i>feld</i>, a plain. A watery field;
+a meadow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waterford.</i> <i>Wæter</i>, water; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A watery ford;
+a ford that is not dry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waterhouse.</i> <i>Wæter</i>, water; <i>hús</i>, a house. A spring-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waterman.</i> <i>Wæter</i>, water; <i>man</i>, a man. A water-man;
+a boatman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waters.</i> <i>Water</i>, Water; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Water.
+Watters, a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waterson.</i> <i>Water</i>, Water; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Water.
+Watterson, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Watford.</i> <i>Wæt</i>, wet, moist; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A wet ford; a
+water-ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Watkin.</i> <i>Wæt</i>, water, liquor, drink; <i>cyn</i>, akin. Akin to
+water.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_145">[145]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Watkins.</i> <i>Watkin</i>, Watkin; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Watkin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Watkinson.</i> <i>Watkin</i>, Watkin; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Watkin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Watt.</i> <i>Wæt</i>, wet, moisture, drink, liquor, water.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wattis.</i> <i>Wæt</i>, water; <i>isc</i>, like. Water-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Watton.</i> <i>Watt</i>, Watt; <i>tún</i>, house. House of Watt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Watts.</i> <i>Watt</i>, Watt; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Watt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wattson.</i> <i>Watt</i>, Watt; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Watt. Watson,
+a slightly abbreviated form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wax.</i> <i>Weax</i>, or <i>wæx</i>, wax.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waxler.</i> <i>Weax</i>, wax; <i>lǽr</i>, doctrine. Wax-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Way.</i> <i>Wæg</i>, or <i>weg</i>, a way, passage, road.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wayland.</i> <i>Wæg</i>, a road; <i>land</i>, land, ground. Road-land;
+a highway.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waylen.</i> <i>Wæg</i>, a road; <i>lén</i>, a loan. Loan, or leased
+road.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wayman.</i> <i>Wæg</i>, road; <i>man</i>, a man. A road-man; a
+wayfarer; a traveler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wayne.</i> <i>Wǽn</i>, a wain, wagon, carriage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Waysz.</i> <i>Ways</i>, from <i>Way</i>, Way, and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of Way.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weaber.</i> <i>Wæbb</i>, a web; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who, or that
+which, makes a web; a weaver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weadley.</i> <i>Wǽd</i>, a garment, apparel, weeds; <i>líc</i>, form.
+Form of weeds; garment-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weagle.</i> <i>Wægel</i>, a gill, a little vessel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weak.</i> <i>Wǽc</i>, weak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weakley.</i> <i>Wǽc-líc</i>, from <i>wǽc</i>, weak, and <i>líc</i>, like. Weakly;
+foolishly; vilely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weaks.</i> <i>Weak</i>, Weak; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Weak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weand.</i> <i>Wænd</i>, or <i>wend</i>, a turn, a change.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wear.</i> <i>Wear</i>, a knot, a wart. Weare, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wears.</i> <i>Wear</i>, Wear; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weart.</i> <i>Weart</i>, a wart.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weaser</i>. <i>Wæs</i>, water; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A waterer.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">[146]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Weatherby.</i> <i>Wæder</i>, or <i>weder</i>, weather, storm, tempest;
+<i>bý</i>, a habitation, a dwelling. A signal dwelling; a weather-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weatherhead.</i> <i>Wæder</i>, storm; <i>heáfd</i>, a head. Storm-head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weatherley.</i> <i>Wæder</i>, weather, storm; <i>líc</i>, like. Weather-like;
+storm-like. Wetherly, of like meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weaver.</i> <i>Wæfre</i>, or <i>wyfre</i>, a weaver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Webb.</i> <i>Webb</i>, a web, cloth, tapestry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Webber.</i> <i>Webb-ere</i>, from <i>webb</i>, a web, and <i>ere</i> an agent.
+A weaver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weber.</i> <i>Web</i>, a web, cloth, tapestry; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+weaver. Weeber, of similar import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Webster.</i> <i>Web</i>, a web, cloth; <i>ster</i> from <i>steóre</i>, direction,
+a noun-ending denoting direction, guidance. Web-direction.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wecker.</i> <i>Wæccer</i>, watchful, lively.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weckerly.</i> <i>Wæccer-líc</i>, from <i>wæccer</i>, watchful, and <i>líc</i>,
+like. Watchful-like; watchfully. Weckerley, a kindred
+term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weddell.</i> <i>Wed</i>, a pledge, a promise; <i>dál</i>, a dale. A
+promised dale. Wedell, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weder.</i> <i>Weder</i>, weather, the air, firmament, storm, tempest.
+Or, from <i>weder</i>, a wether.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wedge.</i> <i>Wecg</i>, a wedge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wedig.</i> <i>Weód</i>, a weed; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Weedy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wedinger.</i> <i>Weódung</i>, a weeding; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who,
+or that which, weeds; a weeder.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wedlock.</i> <i>Wed-lác</i>, from <i>wed</i>, a pledge, and <i>lác</i>, a gift. A
+pledge-gift.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wedman.</i> <i>Wed</i>, a pledge; <i>man</i>, a man. A pledge-man;
+a married man. Wedmann, of like meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weed.</i> <i>Weód</i>, herb, grass, pasture, a weed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weeden.</i> <i>Weód-ian</i>, to weed; <i>weód-en</i>, perfect participle.
+Weeded; rid of weeds.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weeder.</i> <i>Weód-ere.</i> A weeder.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_147">[147]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Weedstram.</i> <i>Weód</i>, a weed; <i>streám</i>, a stream, a river. A
+weedy stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weekes.</i> <i>Weoces</i>, genitive of <i>weoc</i>, a week. Weeks, a
+kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weckley.</i> <i>Weoc</i>, a week; <i>líc</i>, like. Week-like; weekly.
+Weekly, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weer.</i> <i>Wér</i>, a fine for slaying a man, the price or value
+of a man’s life. Every man was valued at a certain sum,
+which was called his <i>wér</i>, and whoever took his life was
+required to pay this <i>wér</i> to the family or relatives of the
+deceased. Perhaps the name is derived from <i>wér</i>, an enclosure.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weest.</i> <i>Weast</i>, <i>wæst</i>, or <i>west</i>, west.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weger.</i> <i>Weg</i>, a wey, a weight; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A weigher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wegman.</i> <i>Weg</i>, a wey, a weight; <i>man</i>, a man. A weigher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weightman.</i> <i>Wiht</i>, weight; <i>man</i>, a man. A weigher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welbank.</i> <i>Well</i>, a well, a fountain; <i>banc</i>, a bench, bank,
+hillock. A well-bank. Wellbank, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welchman.</i> <i>Weallisc</i>, Welsh; <i>man</i>, a man. A Welshman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welcher.</i> <i>Wealcere</i>, a fuller, a walker. Welker, of similar
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welcom.</i> <i>Wél-cuma</i>, a pleasure-comer, one received with
+gladness, a beloved guest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welle.</i> <i>Well</i>, a well, a fountain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weller.</i> <i>Wellere</i>, a hollow, a bosom.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wellers.</i> <i>Weller</i>, Weller; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Weller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welles.</i> <i>Welle</i>, Welle; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Welle.
+Wells, Welz, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welling.</i> <i>Well</i>, Welle; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant of
+Welle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wellington.</i> <i>Welling</i>, Welling; <i>tún</i>, house. Home of
+Welling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wellwood.</i> <i>Well</i>, rich, flourishing; <i>wud</i>, wood. A flourishing
+wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welman.</i> <i>Wel</i>, rich, wealthy; <i>man</i>, a man. A wealthy
+man.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">[148]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Welmesley.</i> <i>Welmes</i>, genitive of <i>welm</i>, heat, fire; <i>líc</i>, form.
+Form of heat; fire-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welstead.</i> <i>Wel</i>, a well; <i>stæde</i>, a place, a station. A well-place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Welton.</i> <i>Wel</i>, rich, flourishing; <i>tún</i>, a city. A flourishing
+city.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wemmer.</i> <i>Wemere</i>, a harlot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wenban.</i> <i>Wen</i>, a wen, a tower; <i>bán</i>, a bone. A wen-bone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wence.</i> <i>Wencle</i>, a maid, a daughter. Wence, Wenk, of
+similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wendel.</i> <i>Wend</i>, a turn, change; <i>el</i>, implying a person.
+One who turns, or changes; a fickle person. Wendell,
+Wendle, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wendling.</i> <i>Wend</i>, a turn, a change; <i>ling</i>, a termination
+denoting the state of a person. Turning; changing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wenner.</i> <i>Wenn</i>, a wen; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A wen-doctor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wenger.</i> <i>Wengere</i>, a pillow, a bolster.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wenhold.</i> <i>Wen</i>, pleasure; <i>hold</i>, friendship. A pleasure-friendship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wenrich.</i> <i>Wen</i>, joy, pleasure; <i>ríce</i>, power, dominion.
+Pleasure-dominion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wensel.</i> <i>Wen</i>, pleasure; <i>sel</i>, palace, hall. Pleasure-hall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wensler.</i> <i>Wenes</i>, genitive of <i>wen</i>, pleasure; <i>lár</i>, doctrine.
+Pleasure-knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wensley.</i> <i>Wenes</i>, genitive of <i>wen</i>, pleasure; <i>líc</i>, form.
+Form of pleasure; joy-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wentling.</i> <i>Wente</i>, the Gwents, or Welsh; <i>ling</i>, a termination
+denoting the state or condition of a person. Welsh-state.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wentworth.</i> <i>Wente</i>, the Gwents, or Welsh; <i>weordh</i>, dignity.
+Welsh dignity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Werfel.</i> <i>Wer</i>, a man; <i>fel</i>, skin. Man’s skin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wermouth.</i> <i>Wer</i>, a man; <i>múdh</i>, the mouth. Mouth of
+man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Werner.</i> <i>Wernan</i>, to warn; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+warns; a warner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wernley.</i> <i>Wern</i>, a squirrel; <i>líc</i>, like. Squirrel-like.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_149">[149]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Werson.</i> <i>Wer</i>, a man; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Werst.</i> <i>Werst</i>, worst.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wert.</i> <i>Wert</i>, wort, an herb, plant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wertman.</i> <i>Wert</i>, an herb; <i>man</i>, a man. An herb-man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wertz.</i> <i>Werts</i>, from <i>Wert</i>, Wert, and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of Wert.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wesley.</i> <i>Wes</i>, the west; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling the west;
+westernly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weslyn.</i> <i>Wesline</i>, a rough coat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wesson.</i> <i>Wes</i>, the west; <i>sun</i>, son. A western son.</p>
+
+<p><i>West.</i> <i>West</i>, the west. Weste, of like meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westscott.</i> <i>West</i>, the west; <i>scot</i>, payment. The western
+payment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westall.</i> <i>West</i>, the west; <i>all</i>, all, whole. Wholly west.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westbrook.</i> <i>West</i>, the west; <i>bróc</i>, a brook. A western
+brook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westcott.</i> <i>West</i>, the west; <i>cóte</i>, a cottage. A western
+cottage. Westcote, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wester.</i> <i>West</i>, the west; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A western man.
+Or, from <i>wéste</i>, a desert, and <i>ere</i>, an agent. A man of the
+desert.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westerman.</i> <i>Western</i>, a desert place; <i>man</i>, a man. A
+desert-man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westholt.</i> <i>West</i>, the west; <i>holt</i>, a forest. A western
+forest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westing.</i> <i>West</i>, west; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant of
+West.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westly.</i> <i>West</i>, west; <i>líc</i>, like. West-like; westernly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westney.</i> <i>Westan-ig</i>, from <i>westan</i>, west, and <i>ig</i>, an island.
+Western island.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weston.</i> <i>West</i>, the west; <i>tún</i>, a town. A western town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Westwood.</i> <i>Westan-wudu</i>, from <i>westan</i>, western, and
+<i>wudu</i>, wood. Western wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Weter.</i> <i>Weter</i>, water.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wetherald.</i> <i>Wedher</i>, a wether, a ram; <i>ald</i>, old. An old
+wether; an old ram.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_150">[150]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wetherbee.</i> <i>Wedher</i>, weather; <i>beo</i>, a bee. A weather-bee.
+Weatherbee, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wetherell.</i> <i>Wedher</i>, weather; <i>ell</i>, all. All weather; weather
+for all. Wetherill, doubtless, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wetherhold.</i> <i>Wedher</i>, weather; <i>hold</i>, pleasant. Agreeable
+weather.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wetmer.</i> <i>Wet</i>, wet; <i>mere</i>, a sea. A wet sea.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wetmore.</i> <i>Wet-mór</i>, from <i>wet</i>, wet, and <i>mór</i>, a moor. A
+wet moor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wetstone.</i> <i>Wet</i>, wet; <i>stæn</i> a stone. A wet stone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wetton.</i> <i>Wet</i>, wet; <i>tún</i>, a town. A wet town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wheat.</i> <i>Hwǽte</i>, wheat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wheatcroft.</i> <i>Hwǽte</i>, wheat; <i>croft</i>, a small field. A wheat
+field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wheatland.</i> <i>Hwǽte</i>, wheat; <i>land</i>, land. Wheat land.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wheatley.</i> <i>Hwǽte</i>, wheat; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling wheat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wheaton.</i> <i>Hwǽte</i>, wheat; <i>tún</i>, farm. A wheat farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wheeler.</i> <i>Hweohl</i>, or <i>hweol</i>, a wheel, circle, the world;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. A wheeler. Or, from <i>hweolere</i>, a diviner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wheelock.</i> <i>Hweohl</i>, a wheel; <i>loc</i>, a lock. A wheel-lock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whelan.</i> <i>Hwélan</i>, to become foul, to putrefy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whelen.</i> <i>Hwélen</i>, a participle derived from <i>hwélan</i>, to
+become foul. Made foul.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whetham.</i> <i>Hwet</i>, wet; <i>hám</i>, house. Wet house; water-house.
+Whithem, Whittem, other forms of spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whetstone.</i> <i>Hwet-stán</i>, from <i>hwet</i>, sharpening, and <i>stán</i>,
+stone. Whetstone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whipp.</i> <i>Hweop</i>, a whip.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whipper.</i> <i>Hweop</i>, a whip; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+whips; a whipper.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whippey.</i> <i>Hweop</i>, a whip; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Whip-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whipple.</i> <i>Hweop</i>, a whip; <i>el</i>, a termination expressive of
+an inanimate object. A whip-like bar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whistler.</i> <i>Hwistlere</i>, a whistler, a piper. Whisler, an
+abbreviated form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_151">[151]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Whitaker.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>æcer</i>, a field. A white field.
+Whitecar, Whittaker, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitall.</i> <i>Hwítel</i>, a white mantle; a priest’s cope. Whital,
+Whittle, cognate terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitby.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. A white habitation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitcomb.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>comb</i>, a valley. A white valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>White.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white. Whyte, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitechurch.</i> <i>Hwíte-cirice</i>, from <i>hwít</i>, white, and <i>cirice</i>, a
+church. A white church.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitecraft.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>cræft</i>, trade, occupation. A
+white trade.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitefield.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>feld</i>, a field. A white field.
+Whitfield, of similar meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiteford.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A white ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitehead.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>heáfod</i>, a head. A white head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitehill.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>hyll</i>, a hill. A white hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitehouse.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>hús</i>, a house. A white house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiteley.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling white.
+Whitely, Whitley, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiteline.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>lín</i>, flax. White flax. Or, from
+<i>hwíte</i>, white, and Latin <i>linea</i>, a line: hence, a white line.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiteling.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>ling</i>, a termination denoting
+state of a person. Whiteness. Whitling, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitelock.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>locc</i>, a lock, hair. White hair.
+Whitlock, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiteman.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>man</i>, a man. A white man.
+Whitman, kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitenack.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>naca</i>, a skiff. A white skiff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitesell.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>sel</i>, a hall. A white hall.
+Whitzell, of similar import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiteside.</i> <i>Hwíte</i>, white; <i>síde</i>, a side. A white side.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitesides.</i> <i>Whiteside</i>, Whiteside; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Whiteside.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiting.</i> <i>White</i>, White; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant
+of White.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_152">[152]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Whitmore.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>mór</i>, a moor. A white moor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitnall.</i> <i>Hwíten</i>,—participle from <i>hwítian</i>, to whiten,—made
+white or whitened; <i>all</i>, all. All whitened.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitney.</i> <i>Hwíten</i>, whitened; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Whitish; somewhat white.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitnight.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>niht</i>, night. A white night; a
+moonlit night.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whiton.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>tún</i>, a farm. A white farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitson.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>sun</i>, son. A white son; a pale son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitten.</i> <i>Hwíten</i>, from <i>hwítian</i>, to whiten. Whitened.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whittenberg.</i> <i>Hwíten</i>, whitened; <i>beorg</i>, a hill. A whitened
+hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whittendale.</i> <i>Hwíten</i>, whitened; <i>dál</i>, a valley. A whitened
+valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whittig.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Whitish. Whittick, Whitty, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whittingham.</i> <i>Whitting</i>, Whiting; <i>hám</i>, house. Home
+of Whiting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whittington.</i> <i>Whitting</i>, Whiting; <i>tún</i>, house. House of
+Whiting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whitworth.</i> <i>Hwít</i>, white; <i>weordh</i>, honor, dignity. White,
+or unsullied honor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whorf.</i> <i>Hwearf</i>, a wharf, a shore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Why.</i> <i>Hwy</i>, why, wherefore, indeed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whyard.</i> <i>Hwy</i>, why; <i>ard</i>, indicating an ensign. One
+who asks for reasons; a questioner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiard.</i> <i>Wí</i>, an idol; <i>ard</i>, indicative of an ensign. An
+idolater.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wibberley.</i> <i>Wibba</i>, a worm; <i>líc</i>, like. Worm-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wíble.</i> <i>Wibil</i>, a weasel, a beetle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wicemann.</i> <i>Wic</i>, a castle; <i>mann</i>, a man. Man of the
+castle. Wichmann, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wichelmann.</i> <i>Wicelian</i>, to stagger, to reel; <i>mann</i>, a man.
+A staggering man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wick.</i> <i>Wic</i>, a dwelling-place, mansion, village, street, convent,
+camp, castle, fortress.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_153">[153]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wickel.</i> <i>Wicele</i>, present indicative first person of <i>wicelian</i>,
+to stagger, to reel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wickersham.</i> <i>Wic</i>, a camp; <i>ere</i>, an agent; <i>wiceres</i>, genitive
+of <i>wicere</i>, a soldier; <i>hám</i>, a house. A soldier’s home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wicks.</i> <i>Wick</i>, Wick; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wick.
+Wickes, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wickfield.</i> <i>Wic</i>, a camp; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain. A camp-field;
+a tented plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wickham.</i> <i>Wic</i>, a camp; <i>hám</i>, home. A camp-home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wickman.</i> <i>Wic</i>, a camp; <i>man</i>, a man. A camp-man; a
+soldier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widdall.</i> <i>Wíd</i>, grass; <i>dál</i>, a valley. A grass-valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widdifield.</i> <i>Wídisc</i>, grassy; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain. A grassy
+plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widdis.</i> <i>Wíd</i>, grass; <i>ísc</i>, an adjective termination denoting
+like. Grassy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widdows.</i> <i>Widewe</i>, a widow; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of a
+widow. Widdoes, a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wideman.</i> <i>Wíd</i>, wide, broad, famous; <i>man</i>, a man. A
+broad man; a famous man. Widemann, Widman, Widmann,
+of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widemer.</i> <i>Wíd-mǽre</i>, from <i>wíd</i>, far, and <i>mǽre</i>, famed.
+Far-famed. Widmer, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widener.</i> <i>Wíd</i>, grass; <i>nere</i>, a refuge. A grass-refuge.
+Widner, a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widger.</i> <i>Wicg</i>, a horse, a steed; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A horseman;
+a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widley.</i> <i>Wíd</i>, wide; <i>líc</i>, like. Widely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiese.</i> <i>Wiese</i>, wise, prudent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigand.</i> <i>Wigend</i>, a warrior, a soldier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiggan.</i> <i>Wiggan</i>, to carry on war, to fight, to contend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiggins.</i> <i>Wiggin</i>, Wiggan; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Wiggan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigham.</i> <i>Wig</i>, war; <i>hám</i>, a house. A war-house; castle;
+tower; fortress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wight.</i> <i>Wiht</i>, a creature, wight, animal.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_154">[154]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wightman.</i> <i>Wiht-man</i>, from <i>Wiht</i>, the Isle of Wight, and
+<i>man</i>, a man. A man of the Isle of Wight.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigley.</i> <i>Wig-líc</i>, from <i>wig</i>, war, and <i>líc</i>, like. Warlike.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigman.</i> <i>Wig-mann</i>, from <i>wig</i>, war, and <i>mann</i>, a man.
+A warlike man; a warrior; a soldier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigmore.</i> <i>Wig</i>, battle; <i>mór</i>, a moor. A battle-moor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigo.</i> <i>Wiga</i>, a soldier, a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigton.</i> <i>Wig</i>, a battle; <i>tún</i>, town. A battle-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wike.</i> <i>Wic</i>, a dwelling-place, mansion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilbank.</i> <i>Wil</i>, a prefix denoting pleasant; <i>banc</i>, a bank.
+A pleasant bank.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilbraham.</i> <i>Wilbra</i>, Wilbur; <i>hám</i>, house. House of
+Wilbur.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilbur.</i> <i>Wil</i>, pleasant; <i>búr</i>, a bower. A pleasant bower.
+Wilber, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilby.</i> <i>Wil</i>, pleasant; <i>bý</i>, dwelling. A pleasant dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilcock.</i> <i>Wil</i>, good, well; <i>cocc</i>, a cock. A well-bred
+cock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilcocks.</i> <i>Wilcock</i>, Wilcock; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Wilcock. Wilcox, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wild.</i> <i>Wíld</i>, following its own will and impulse, wild,
+powerful. Wilde, of similar meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wildermore.</i> <i>Wíld</i>, wild; <i>mór</i>, a moor. A wild moor; an
+uncultivated moor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilder.</i> <i>Wíld</i>, wild; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who, or that
+which, is wild.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wildes.</i> <i>Wild</i>, Wild; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wilde.
+Wilds, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wildey.</i> <i>Wíld-ig</i>, from <i>wíld</i>, wild; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Wild-like; wildly. Willdey, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilding.</i> <i>Wíld</i>, wild; <i>ing</i>, expressing action. Growing
+wild.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wildman.</i> <i>Wíld</i>, wild; <i>man</i>, a man. A wild man. An
+uncivilized man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wile.</i> <i>Wíle</i>, a wile, craftiness.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_155">[155]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wileman.</i> <i>Wíle</i>, a wile, craftiness. A wily man; a crafty
+man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilen.</i> <i>Wilen</i>, or <i>wilhen</i>, a maid, a foreign woman, a female
+slave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiler.</i> <i>Wíle</i>, a wile; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A trickster.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiles.</i> <i>Wile</i>, Wile; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiley.</i> <i>Wíle</i>, wile; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Wily;
+tricky; crafty. Wilie, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilfong.</i> <i>Wil</i>, well; <i>fong</i>, received. Well-received.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilfonger.</i> <i>Wil</i>, well; <i>fong</i>, received; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who is well received.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilford.</i> <i>Wil</i>, pleasant; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A pleasant ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilgus.</i> <i>Wiliges</i>, genitive of <i>wilig</i>, a willow. Belonging
+to a willow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilhare.</i> <i>Wil</i>, pleasant; <i>harra</i>, a lord. A pleasant lord.
+Wilher, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p id="Wilhelm"><i>Wilhelm.</i> <i>Wil</i>, well, pleasant; <i>helm</i>, a crown. An easy
+crown; a happy monarch. Or, from <i>will</i>, a will, and <i>helm</i>,
+a helmet. A will-helmet; an undaunted helmet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilkening.</i> <i>Wil</i>, pleasant; <i>cyn</i>, people; <i>ing</i>, offspring.
+Descendant of pleasant people.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilkens.</i> <i>Wilken</i>, pleasant people; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+pleasant people. Wilkes, Wilks, possibly, contractions of
+the same name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilkinson.</i> <i>Wilken</i>, pleasant people; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+pleasant people.</p>
+
+<p><i>Will.</i> <i>Will</i>, will, mind, disposition, affection, consent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willahan.</i> <i>Will-an</i>, of one’s will, willingly. Willian, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willand.</i> <i>Willende</i>, willing, wishing. Willang, doubtless,
+from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willans.</i> <i>Willan</i>, Willahan; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Willahan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willard.</i> <i>Wil-laueord</i>, from <i>wil</i>, good, pleasant, and
+<i>laueord</i>, a lord. A kind lord; a beneficent master. Willauer,
+Williard, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_156">[156]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Willdon.</i> <i>Wil-dón</i>, from <i>wil</i>, well, and <i>dón</i>, to do. To do
+well; well-done.</p>
+
+<p id="Willeman"><i>Willeman.</i> <i>Wille</i>, a well; <i>man</i>, a man. A well-man; a
+well-borer. Williman, Willman, of like import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willemin.</i> <i>Willan</i>, to will; <i>mine</i>, the mind. A willing
+mind. Willimen, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willems.</i> <i>Willem</i>, Wilhelm; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wilhelm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willer.</i> <i>Willan</i>, to will, to wish; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+wills, or wishes; a willer; a wisher. Willar, another form
+of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willers.</i> <i>Willer</i>, Willer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Willer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willes.</i> <i>Wille</i>, Will; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Will.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willess.</i> <i>Will</i>, a will; <i>leas</i>, free from. Free from will.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willet.</i> <i>Wil</i>, a well, a fountain; <i>lyt</i>, little. A small fountain.
+Or, from <i>will</i>, mind, and <i>lyt</i>, little. A little mind.
+Willett, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willets.</i> <i>Willet</i>, Willet; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Willet.
+Willetts, Willitts, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p id="Willey"><i>Willey.</i> <i>Will-íce</i>, contraction of <i>willendlíce</i>, from <i>willende</i>,
+willing, and <i>líce</i>, like. Willing-like; willingly. Willi, Willie,
+perhaps, corruptions of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>William.</i> Old History German for Wilhelm. See <a href="#Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Williams.</i> <i>William</i>, William; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+William.</p>
+
+<p><i>Williamson.</i> <i>William</i>, William; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of William.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willig.</i> <i>Will</i>, will; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Willing;
+desirous; prone. Willey, Willi, and Willie, may be derived
+from the same roots. See <a href="#Willey">Willey</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willimeit.</i> <i>Willa</i>, will; <i>miht</i>, might, power. Will-power.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willing.</i> <i>Will</i>, will; <i>ing</i>, an offspring. Descendant of
+Will.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willinger.</i> <i>Willing</i>, willing; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A servant of
+Willing.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_157">[157]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Willingmyre.</i> <i>Willing</i>, from <i>willende</i>, willing; <i>myre</i>, a
+mare. A willing mare; a ready mare. Willingmeyer, from
+the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willings.</i> <i>Willing</i>, Willing; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Willing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willis.</i> <i>Willíce</i>, willingly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willman.</i> <i>Will</i>, a will; <i>man</i>, a man. A will-man; a man
+of will; a resolute man. Willeman, Williman, may be traced
+to the same roots. See <a href="#Willeman">Willeman</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willmanns.</i> <i>Willmann</i>, Willman; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Willman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willmarth.</i> <i>Will</i>, mind; <i>mǽrdh</i>, wonders. Mind-wonders.
+Wilmarth, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willmunder.</i> <i>Will</i>, mind; <i>mundian</i>, to protect; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. A mind-protector; an instructor; a teacher; a physician.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willoughby.</i> <i>Wilige</i>, what is made of willow, a basket;
+<i>bý</i>, a habitation. A house where baskets are made; a basket-factory.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willow.</i> <i>Wilig</i>, or <i>wileg</i>, a willow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wills.</i> <i>Will</i>, Will; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Will.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willsey.</i> <i>Willes</i>, Will’s; <i>ig</i>, an island. Will’s island. Wilsey,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Willson.</i> <i>Will</i>, Will; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Will. Wilson,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilmer.</i> <i>Wil</i>, well; <i>mǽre</i>, famed. Well-famed; distinguished;
+illustrious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilmerton.</i> <i>Wilmer</i>, Wilmer; <i>tún</i>, house. Home of
+Wilmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilmoore.</i> <i>Wil</i>, pleasant; <i>mór</i>, a moor. A pleasant moor.
+Wilmore, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilmot.</i> <i>Wil</i>, pleasant; <i>mót</i>, an assembly. An agreeable
+assembly. Wilmott, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilsher.</i> <i>Wilsc</i>, Welsh; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A Welshman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilsky.</i> <i>Wilsc-ig</i>, from <i>Wilsc</i>, Welsh, and <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+termination. Welsh.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_158">[158]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Willsleger.</i> <i>Willes</i>, genitive of <i>will</i>, mind, affection; <i>leger</i>,
+disease, couch. Disease of the mind; couch of affection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilsman.</i> <i>Willes</i>, genitive of <i>will</i>, mind; <i>man</i>, a man. A
+man of mind.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilstach.</i> <i>Wil</i>, a well; <i>stác</i>, a pole. A well-pole.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilt.</i> <i>Wilt</i>, from <i>willan</i>, to will, to wish. Wilt; willest;
+wishest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiltbank.</i> <i>Wilt</i>, willest; <i>banc</i>, a bank. A bank thou
+willest, or wishest; a wished-for bank.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wilten.</i> <i>Wiltún</i>, contraction of <i>Willy-tún</i>, from <i>Willy</i>, the
+name of a river, and <i>tún</i>, town. Town on the river Willy.
+Willy is, perhaps, from <i>wilie</i>, a basket, or <i>wilig</i>, a willow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiltshire.</i> <i>Wiltún-scíre</i>, from <i>Wil</i>, Willy, and <i>tún</i>, town;
+<i>scíre</i>, a shire, a district. Wiltonshire; Wilton-district.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winch.</i> <i>Wince</i>, a winch, a reel to wind thread upon.
+Winsch, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winchell.</i> <i>Wincel</i>, a corner. Winsel, doubtless of like
+import.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winchester.</i> <i>Win-ceaster</i>, from <i>wín</i>, wine; <i>ceaster</i>, a castle.
+A wine-castle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wind.</i> <i>Windan</i>, to wind, to bend, to twist, to twine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winder.</i> <i>Winde</i>, what winds round, a winder, a reel.
+Or, from <i>windan</i>, to wind, and <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+winds; a winder.</p>
+
+<p><i>Windisch.</i> <i>Windan</i>, to wind; <i>isc</i>, an adjective termination
+denoting external quality of a thing. Winding; flexuous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Windle.</i> <i>Wíudel</i>, dative <i>wíndle</i>, anything twined, a
+basket.</p>
+
+<p><i>Windpipe.</i> <i>Wind</i>, wind; <i>píp</i>, a pipe, a flute. A wind-pipe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Windrim.</i> <i>Wyn-drím</i>, or <i>wyn-dreám</i>, from <i>wyn</i>, joy,
+and <i>drím</i>, or <i>dreám</i>, joy, rejoicing. Great joy, exultation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Windsor.</i> <i>Wind</i>, wind; <i>sór</i>, sorrow, grief. Wind-sorrow.
+Windser, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wine.</i> <i>Wín</i>, wine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wineland.</i> <i>Wín</i>, wine; <i>land</i>, a region. Wine-region.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_159">[159]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Winelander.</i> <i>Wín</i>, wine; <i>land</i>, a region; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A resident of a wine region.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winfield.</i> <i>Wín</i>, wine; <i>feld</i>, a field. A wine-field; a vineyard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winfree.</i> <i>Wín</i>, wine; <i>freó</i>, free. Wine free; abstaining
+from wine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wing.</i> <i>Winge</i>, a wing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wingart.</i> <i>Wín-geard</i>, from <i>wín</i>, wine, and <i>geard</i>, a garden.
+A wine-garden; a vineyard. Wingert, a kindred
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wingate.</i> <i>Wín</i>, wine; <i>geát</i>, a gate, a door, an opening. A
+wine-gate; an opening to a wine-cellar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winig.</i> <i>Wín</i>, wine; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Wine-like;
+vinous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wink.</i> <i>Wincian</i>, to bend one’s self, to nod, to wink.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winkel.</i> <i>Wincle</i>, a wilk, cockle, shell-fish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winkelmann.</i> <i>Wincle</i>, a wilk, a cockle; <i>mann</i>, a man. A
+wilk-man; a cockler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winkler.</i> <i>Wincle</i>, a wilk, a cockle; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+wilk-man; a cockler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winkley.</i> <i>Wincle</i>, a cockle; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a
+cockle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winline.</i> <i>Winn</i>, acquisition, possession, winning; Latin
+<i>linea</i>, a line. Acquisition-line; border-line; winning-line.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winn.</i> <i>Winn</i>, contention, strife, war, trouble, acquisition,
+possession, winning. Winne, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winnel.</i> <i>Winn</i>, a contest; <i>el</i>, implying a person. A contestant;
+a rival; a fighter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winnemoore.</i> <i>Winn-an</i>, to win, to conquer, to subdue;
+<i>mór</i>, a moor. A conquered moor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winner.</i> <i>Winna</i>, a rival, an enemy, a fighter. Or, from
+<i>winn</i>, contest, war, and <i>ere</i>, an agent. A contestant; a
+warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winners.</i> <i>Winner</i>, Winner; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+Winner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winnett.</i> <i>Win</i>, pleasure; <i>nett</i>, a net. A pleasure net.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_160">[160]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Winnig.</i> <i>Winn</i>, contention, war, labor; <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+ending. Contentious; warlike; laborious. Winnie, a
+slightly modified form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winning.</i> <i>Winn</i>, Winn; <i>ing</i>, offspring. Descendant of
+Winn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winpenny.</i> <i>Winn</i>, labor, winning; <i>pening</i>, a penny. Labor-penny;
+win-penny; winning penny.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winrick.</i> <i>Win</i>, winning; <i>ríce</i>, power, kingdom. Winning
+power.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winring.</i> <i>Win</i>, winning; <i>hring</i>, a ring. Winning ring.
+Or, from <i>win</i>, pleasure, and <i>hring</i>, a ring. A pleasure-ring;
+a wedding-ring.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winship.</i> <i>Wine-scipe</i>, from <i>wine</i>, a friend, and <i>scipe</i>, a
+termination denoting form, condition, state, office, dignity.
+A society of friends; a fraternity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winslow.</i> <i>Win</i>, contest; <i>sláw</i>, slow, idle, lazy. A slow
+contest. Or, from <i>win</i>, pleasure, and <i>sláw</i>, idle. An idle
+pleasure.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winsmore.</i> <i>Wines</i>, genitive of <i>win</i>, contention; <i>mór</i>, a
+moor. A contending moor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winstanley.</i> <i>Wine</i>, a friend; Stanley, Stanley. Stanley’s
+friend. See <a href="#Stanley">Stanley</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winston.</i> <i>Wínes-tún</i>, from <i>wínes</i>, genitive of <i>wín</i>, wine, and
+<i>tún</i>, a house. A house of wine; a wine-house; a tavern.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wint.</i> <i>Wint</i>, from <i>wintan</i>, to wind. Winds.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winter.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter, a year. The Anglo-Saxon, and
+other northern nations, reckoned by winters instead of years.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winterbottom.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>botm</i>, bottom. Winter’s
+close.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winterbourn.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>burne</i>, a brook. A winter
+brook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winterer.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who, or
+that which, winters in a certain place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winterfield.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>feld</i>, a field, a plain. A
+wintry field.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_161">[161]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Winterhall.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>heal</i>, a palace. Winter-palace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winterhalter.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>healtian</i>, to halt; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. One who, or that which, halts for the winter; a
+winter sojourner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winterholer.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>hole</i>, a hole; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One who, or that which, seeks winter-quarters in holes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winternight.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>niht</i>, night. A winter night.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winters.</i> <i>Winter</i>, Winter; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>. Son of Winter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wintersteen.</i> <i>Winter</i>, winter; <i>stǽn</i>, or <i>stén</i>, stone. A
+winter stone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winther.</i> <i>Windh</i>, from <i>winnan</i>, to labor; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A laborer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Winton.</i> <i>Wín-tún</i>, from <i>wín</i>, wine, and <i>tún</i>, a house. A
+wine-house; a tavern.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wire.</i> <i>Wír</i>, wire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wireback.</i> <i>Wír</i>, wire; <i>bæc</i>, a back. A wire-back. Wirebach,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wireman.</i> <i>Wír</i>, wire; <i>man</i>, a man. A worker in wire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wirgman.</i> <i>Wirg</i>, wicked, cursed; <i>man</i>, a man. A wicked
+man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wirsing.</i> <i>Wirs</i>, worse; <i>ing</i>, expressing action. Making
+worse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wirth.</i> <i>Wirdh</i>, from <i>weordhan</i>, to be made. Is made.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wischan.</i> <i>Wiscan</i>, to wish, to adopt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wischman.</i> <i>Wiscan</i>, to wish; <i>man</i>, a man. A man that
+wishes; a wisher. Wischmann, Wishman, from the same
+roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisdom.</i> <i>Wís-dóm</i>, from <i>wísa</i>, a sage, and <i>dóm</i>, opinion.
+Opinion of a sage; wisdom.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wise.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise, prudent; a wise man, a hero, a prince.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisely.</i> <i>Wís-líce</i>, from <i>wís</i>, wise, prudent, and <i>líce</i>, like.
+Wise-like; wisely; prudently.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiseman.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise, prudent; <i>man</i>, a man. A wise
+man; a prudent man. Wisman, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_162">[162]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wiser.</i> <i>Wísa</i>, a sage, a philosopher, a wise man, a leader,
+guide, director. Or, from <i>wís</i>, wise, and <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who, or that which, is wise or prudent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisham.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise, prudent; <i>hám</i>, home. A wise home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wishart.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise, prudent; <i>heort</i>, a termination denoting
+hearty, hearted, brave. Wise-hearted.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisher.</i> <i>Wisc-ere</i>, from <i>wiscan</i>, to wish; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+A wisher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisenger.</i> <i>Wísung</i>, making wise, instruction, command,
+a governing, regulator; <i>ere</i>, an agent. Wisdom-maker;
+instructor; commander; governor; regulator.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisler.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise, prudent; <i>lár</i>, doctrine. Wise doctrine.
+Wissler, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wismer.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise; <i>mǽre</i>, famed. Wise-famed; famous
+for wisdom.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisner.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise; <i>nere</i>, a refuge. A wise refuge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wisse.</i> <i>Wisse</i>, for <i>wiste</i>, past of <i>witan</i>, to know, to be
+conscious. Knew; was conscious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wissman.</i> <i>Wisse</i>, knew, was conscious; <i>man</i>, a man. A
+man that knew; a wise man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wist.</i> <i>Wiste</i>, past of <i>witan</i>, to know. Knew; was conscious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wister.</i> <i>Wiste</i>, knew; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One that knew.
+Wistar, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiswell.</i> <i>Wís</i>, wise; <i>well</i>, much. Exceedingly wise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witchel.</i> <i>Wicce</i>, a witch, an enchantress; <i>el</i>, a termination
+denoting a person. A witch; an enchantress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witcher.</i> <i>Wicce</i>, a witch, an enchantress. Witscher, of
+kindred derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witcraft.</i> <i>Wit</i>, mind, wit, understanding; <i>cræft</i>, continuance.
+Mind-continuance; invention.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witham.</i> <i>Wit</i>, mind, wit; <i>hám</i>, house. Home of wit;
+the brain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witheat.</i> <i>Wit</i>, mind; <i>hát</i>, heat, fervor. Mind-fervor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witman.</i> <i>Wit</i>, wit; <i>man</i>, a man. A witman; a man
+of wit. Wittman, of kindred significance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_163">[163]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Witmer.</i> <i>Wit</i>, wit; <i>mǽre</i>, famed. Wit-famed. Wittmer,
+a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witsil.</i> <i>Wit</i>, wit; <i>sel</i>, best. Best wit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witt.</i> <i>Witt</i>, wit, mind, understanding. Witte, from the
+same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wittig.</i> <i>Witt-ig</i>, from <i>witt</i>, wit, and <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Witty; wise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wittingham.</i> <i>Witting</i>, Wittig; <i>hám</i>, house. Home of
+Wittig.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wittkamp.</i> <i>Witt</i>, wit; <i>camp</i>, a contest. A wit-contest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wittkorn.</i> <i>Witt</i>, wit; <i>corn</i>, a grain. A wit-grain; a grain
+of wit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wittland.</i> <i>Witt</i>, wit; <i>land</i>, a land. A land of wit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wittrook.</i> <i>Witt</i>, wit; <i>róc</i>, a rook. A witty rook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Witts.</i> <i>Witt</i>, Witt; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Witt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wittwer.</i> <i>Witt</i>, wit; <i>wer</i>, a man. A witty man. Witwer,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woddrop.</i> <i>Wod</i>, a wood; <i>drop</i>, a drop, a spot. A
+wood-spot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wogan.</i> <i>Wógan</i>, to woo, to marry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wolbert.</i> <i>Wól</i>, mischief; <i>beorht</i>, glistening. Glistening
+with mischief.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wolbold.</i> <i>Wól</i>, mischief; <i>báld</i>, audacious. Audacious
+mischief.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wolcott.</i> <i>Wól</i>, disease; <i>cóte</i>, a couch, a bed. A diseased
+couch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wolf.</i> <i>Wulf</i>, a wolf. Wolfe, Wolff, Woolf, Wulf, Wulff,
+from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wolfel.</i> <i>Wulf</i>, wolf; <i>el</i>, a termination denoting a person.
+A wolfish person; a ravenous person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wonder.</i> <i>Wunder</i>, a wonder, a miracle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wonderly.</i> <i>Wunder-líc</i>, from <i>wunder</i>, wonder, and <i>líc</i>, like.
+Wonder-like; wonderful; wondrous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wondle.</i> <i>Wúnd-el</i>, a wound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wonhart.</i> <i>Won</i>, lacking; <i>heort</i>, heart. Lacking heart;
+faint-hearted.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_164">[164]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wood.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodall.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>eall</i>, all. Well-wooded.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodbridge.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>bricg</i>, a bridge. A wooden
+bridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodburn.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>burne</i>, a stream. A wooded
+stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodbury.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>bury</i>, from <i>byrig</i>, a city, a town.
+A wooded town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodcock.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>coc</i>, or <i>cocc</i>, a cock, a male fowl,
+or bird. A woodcock; a bird that affects wooded places.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodelton.</i> <i>Wudelíc-tún</i>, from <i>wudelíc</i>, woody, wild; <i>tún</i>,
+a farm. A woody, or wild farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wooder.</i> <i>Wudere</i>, a wooden shoe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodfall.</i> <i>Wude</i>, a wood; <i>fealle</i>, a trap. A wood-trap.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodhead.</i> <i>Wude</i>, a wood; <i>heáfd</i>, head. A wood-head;
+a wooden head.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodhouse.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>hús</i>, a house. A wood-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodhull.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>hul</i>, a hill. A wooded hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodington.</i> <i>Wudiende</i>, present participle of <i>wudian</i>, to
+cut wood; <i>tún</i>, a farm. A wood-cutting farm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodland.</i> <i>Wudu-land</i>, from <i>wudu</i>, or <i>wude</i>, wood, and
+<i>land</i>, land, region. A woodland; a wooded region.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodlands.</i> <i>Woodland</i>, Woodland; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of Woodland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodley.</i> <i>Wudu-líc</i>, from <i>wudu</i>, wood, and <i>líc</i>, like.
+Wood-like; woody; wild.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodman.</i> <i>Wudu-mann</i>, from <i>wudu</i>, wood, and <i>mann</i>, a
+man. A woodman; a wood-ward.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodmansee.</i> <i>Wudu-mann-seo</i>, from <i>wudu-mann</i>, a woodman,
+and <i>seo</i>, the sight of the eye. A woodman’s vision.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodnutt.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>hnut</i>, a nut. A wood-nut.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodring.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>hring</i>, a girdle. A wood-belt;
+a belt of woods.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodrow.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>ræwa</i>, a row. A wood-row; a
+line of woods.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_165">[165]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Woodruff.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>róf</i>, a roof. Woodroof, Woodroff,
+Woodroffe, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woods.</i> <i>Wood</i>, Wood; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodside.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>síde</i>, side. Side of a wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodsides.</i> <i>Woodside</i>, Woodside; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of Woodside.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodson.</i> <i>Wood</i>, Wood; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wood. Or,
+from <i>wude</i>, wood, and <i>sun</i>, son. Son of the woods.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodstocker.</i> <i>Woodstock</i>, from <i>wude</i>, wood, and <i>stóc</i>, a
+place; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A resident of Woodstock—a woody
+place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodward.</i> <i>Wudu-weard</i>, from <i>wudu</i>, wood, and <i>weard</i>,
+a ward, a guardian. A wood-ward; a woodman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woodworth.</i> <i>Wude</i>, wood; <i>weordh</i>, value. Wood-value.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woody.</i> <i>Wudu-líc</i>, from <i>wudu</i>, wood, and <i>líc</i>, like. Wood-like;
+woody; wild. Or, from <i>wud</i>, wood, and <i>íg</i>, an adjective
+termination. Woody; wild.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wooldridge.</i> <i>Wold</i>, a wood; <i>hrycg</i>, a ridge. A wooden
+ridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woolery.</i> <i>Wúlle</i>, wool; <i>ríce</i>, a region. A wool-growing
+region. Woolrey, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woolford.</i> <i>Wúll</i>, wool; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A wool-ford; a
+place where the wool-bearers crossed the stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wooliscroft.</i> <i>Wúlles</i>, genitive of <i>wúll</i>, wool, sheep; <i>croft</i>,
+a croft, a field. A wool-field; a sheep-pasture.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woollard.</i> <i>Wúll</i>, wool; <i>hlaford</i>, a lord. A wool-lord;
+a wool-master.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woollerton.</i> <i>Wúll</i>, wool; <i>ere</i>, an agent; <i>tún</i>, house. Home
+of a wool-grower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woolley.</i> <i>Wúll-íc</i> from <i>wúll</i>, wool, and <i>íc</i> for <i>líc</i>, like. Wool-like;
+woolly; hairy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woolman.</i> <i>Wúll</i>, wool; <i>man</i>, a man. A woolman; a
+dealer in wool.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woolsey.</i> <i>Wúlles</i>, genitive of <i>wúll</i>, wool, sheep; <i>íg</i>, an
+island. Isle of wool, or sheep.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_166">[166]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Woolson.</i> <i>Wúll</i>, wool; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of wool; offspring
+of a sheep.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woolston.</i> <i>Wúlles</i>, genitive of <i>wúll</i>, wool; <i>tún</i>, town. A
+wool-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Woolworth.</i> <i>Wúll</i>, wool; <i>weordh</i>, value. Wool-value.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wopson.</i> <i>Wóp</i>, a whoop, weeping, cry, bewailing, lamentation;
+<i>sun</i>, son. A weeping son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worden.</i> <i>Worden</i>, or <i>weordhan</i>, to become, to be, to
+happen, to come to pass.</p>
+
+<p><i>Work.</i> <i>Weorc</i>, work, labor, fatigue, suffering, pain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Workman.</i> <i>Weorc</i>, work, labor; <i>man</i>, a man. A workman;
+a laborer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worknot.</i> <i>Weorc</i>, work; <i>not</i>, for <i>nota</i>, office. A work-office.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wormley.</i> <i>Worm</i>, a worm; <i>líc</i>, like. Worm-like; spiral.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wormsley.</i> <i>Wormes</i>, genitive of <i>worm</i>, a worm; <i>líc</i>, form.
+Form of a worm; worm-like; spiral. Or, from <i>worms</i>, corruption,
+and <i>líc</i>, like. Corruption-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worn.</i> <i>Worn</i>, a number, multitude, body, company, band,
+troop, crowd, herd, power, force. Worne, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worrall.</i> <i>Worold</i>, the world. Worrell, Worl, from the
+same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worsley.</i> <i>Wyers</i>, worse; <i>líc</i>, like. Worse-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worst.</i> <i>Wærst</i>, or <i>wyrst</i>, worst.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worth.</i> <i>Weordh</i>, worth, value, price, honor, dignity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worthington.</i> <i>Weordh-ung</i>, honoring, worshipping; <i>tún</i>, a
+house. A worshipping-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Worthline.</i> <i>Weordh</i>, wealthy, honorable; <i>line</i>, a line. An
+honorable line.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wosser.</i> <i>Wosa</i>, a leader.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wotherspoon.</i> <i>Wodh-spónere</i>, from <i>wodh</i>, eloquence, song,
+and <i>spónere</i>, an enticer. Song-enticer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wrangham.</i> <i>Wrang</i>, wrong; <i>hám</i>, house. Wrong home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wrede.</i> <i>Wrǽde</i>, a latch, buckle, clasp, restraint, control,
+fastness, haft, handle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wren.</i> <i>Wrenna</i>, a wren, a small bird.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_167">[167]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Wrench.</i> <i>Wringe</i>, an instrument to wring or strain, a press.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wrensley.</i> <i>Wrǽnnes</i>, extravagance, luxury, lust, lechery;
+<i>líc</i>, like. Extravagantly; luxuriously.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wright.</i> <i>Wryhta</i>, a wright.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wrightley.</i> <i>Wryhta</i>, a wright; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a
+wright.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wrightson.</i> <i>Wright</i>, Wright; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Wright.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wrigley.</i> <i>Wríge</i>, covered, hidden; <i>líc</i>, like. Covered-like;
+hidden-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Writt.</i> <i>Writ</i>, a writ, scripture, writing, letter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wroth.</i> <i>Wrádh</i>, wrath, anger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wulton.</i> <i>Wúll</i>, wool; <i>tún</i>, town. A wool town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wunder.</i> <i>Wundr</i>, or <i>wundor</i>, wonder.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wunderly.</i> <i>Wundr</i>, wonder; <i>líc</i>, like. Wonder-like.
+Wunderle, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wunning.</i> <i>Wun-ung</i>, from <i>wun-ian</i>, to won, to dwell, to
+inhabit. A woning; a dwelling; a habitation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wurst.</i> <i>Wurst</i>, worst. Wust, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wurster.</i> <i>Wurst</i>, worst; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who, or that
+which, is the worst. Wuster, perhaps, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wurtele.</i> <i>Wurt</i>, a wort, an herb; <i>el</i>, implying a person.
+An herb collector; an herbalist.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wurts.</i> <i>Wurtes</i>, genitive of <i>wurt</i>, a wort, an herb. Belonging
+to an herb. Wurtz, another spelling of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wyche.</i> <i>Wyc</i>, a habitation, city, castle, fortress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wyckoff.</i> <i>Wyc</i>, a dwelling-place, habitation, city, castle,
+fortress; <i>cofa</i>, a room, a chamber. A castle-chamber.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wylie.</i> <i>Wyllíc</i>, from <i>wyl</i>, a well, a fountain, and <i>líc</i>, like.
+Like a well; as a fountain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wyman.</i> <i>Wí</i>, an idol; <i>man</i>, a man. An idolater. Wymann,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wynkoop.</i> <i>Wyn</i>, joy, pleasure, light; <i>copp</i>, or <i>cuppa</i>, a
+cup. A pleasure-cup.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wynn.</i> <i>Wyn</i>, joy, pleasure, delight.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wynne.</i> <i>Wyne</i>, one that gives pleasure, a friend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wyss.</i> <i>Wíss</i>, a wise man, a hero, a prince.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_168">[168]</span></p>
+
+<h4>Y.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Yard.</i> <i>Ierd</i>, a yard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yardley.</i> <i>Ierd</i>, a yard; <i>líc</i>, like. Yard-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yarnall.</i> <i>Gearn</i>, yarn, spun wool; <i>eall</i>, all, whole. All
+yarn; entirely woollen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yateman.</i> <i>Iát</i>, or <i>geát</i>, a gate; <i>man</i>, a man. A gate-keeper.
+Yeatman, Yetman, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p id="Yates"><i>Yates.</i> <i>Iátes</i>, or <i>geátes</i>, genitive of <i>iát</i>, a gate. Belonging
+to a gate. Yeats, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeager.</i> <i>Ia</i>, yea, yes; <i>gare</i>, ready. A ready yes; a
+ready reply.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeagle.</i> <i>Iagul</i>, pronounced <i>yeagul</i>, a gargle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeakle.</i> <i>Iac</i>, a cuckoo; <i>el</i>, indicative of personality. A
+person like a cuckoo; a simpleton.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeakley.</i> <i>Iac</i>, a cuckoo; <i>líc</i>, like. Cuckoo-like; wild;
+careless; lascivious. Yeckley, of similar meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeamans.</i> <i>Ie</i>, a river; <i>man</i>, a man; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of a river-man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeansson.</i> <i>Geean</i>, yearning; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of
+yearning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yearick.</i> <i>Gear</i>, a year; <i>icg</i>, or <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Yearly. Yearicke, Yerrick, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yearly.</i> <i>Gear-líc</i>, from <i>gear</i>, a year, and <i>líc</i>, like. Year-like;
+yearly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yearred.</i> <i>Geard</i>, or <i>yrd</i>, a hedge, enclosure, garden, yard,
+earth, world.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yearsley.</i> <i>Geares</i>, genitive of <i>gear</i>, a year; <i>líc</i>, form.
+Form of a year; yearly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeasler.</i> <i>Ysele</i>, a fire-spark, spark, ember, hot ashes; <i>ere</i>,
+an agent. A fire-maker; a fireman; a stoker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeather.</i> <i>Ýdh</i>, what rises up, a wave, a flood; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. That which rises up; a wave; a flood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeaton.</i> <i>Geat</i>, a gate; <i>tún</i>, a house. A gate-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeatts.</i> <i>Geátes</i>, genitive of <i>geát</i>, a gate. Belonging to a
+gate. See <a href="#Yates">Yates</a>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_169">[169]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Yegen.</i> <i>Yg-búend</i>, from <i>yg</i>, or <i>ig</i>, an island, and <i>búend</i>,
+an inhabitant. An inhabitant of an island; an islander.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeingest.</i> <i>Iungest</i>, or <i>geongest</i>, comparative of <i>iung</i>, or
+<i>geong</i>, young. Youngest.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeiter.</i> <i>Ýtte</i>, past of <i>ýtan</i>, to out, to drive out, to expel,
+to banish; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One expelled; an exile.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yellard.</i> <i>Yl</i>, or <i>il</i>, a hedgehog, a porcupine; <i>land</i>, land.
+Land of the hedgehog, or porcupine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yenner.</i> <i>Ynner</i>, inner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yenz.</i> <i>Yntsa</i>, an ounce.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeo.</i> <i>Ieo</i>, or <i>geo</i>, formerly, of old.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeomans.</i> <i>Yeoman</i>, from <i>ieo</i>, or <i>geo</i>, of old; <i>man</i>, a man,
+and <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of a man of old; son of a yeoman;
+son of a tiller of the soil.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeomanson.</i> <i>Yeoman</i>, a yeoman; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of a
+yeoman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yepson.</i> <i>Yppe</i>, plain, open, manifest; <i>sun</i>, son. A plain,
+open, straightforward son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yerg.</i> <i>Earg</i>, or <i>eorg</i>, inert, weak, timid, wretched.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yerger.</i> <i>Earg</i>, timid; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who, or that
+which, is timid.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yerges.</i> <i>Yerg</i>, Yerg; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Yerg.
+Yerkes, perhaps, corruption of the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yergey.</i> <i>Earg</i>, inert, timid; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Timid; inert.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yerpe.</i> <i>Eorp</i>, a wolf.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yettinger.</i> <i>Yting</i>, a way, a journey; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+wayfarer; a journeyer. Perhaps, from <i>get-ung</i>, getting, and
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. A getter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yetter.</i> <i>Get</i>, imperfect of <i>getan</i>, to get; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+getter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yewdall.</i> <i>Iw</i>, the yew tree; <i>dál</i>, a valley. The valley of
+the yew.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yheaulon.</i> <i>Hyew</i>, hue; <i>lon</i>, for <i>lond</i>, land. Land of hue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yhost.</i> <i>Gást</i>, breath, spirit, ghost. Yoast, Yost, like it, a
+corruption of the original.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_170">[170]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Yingling.</i> <i>Ging</i>, young, tender; <i>ling</i>, a termination denoting
+state or condition of a person. Youth; tenderness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yoce.</i> <i>Ioc</i>, or <i>geoc</i>, a yoke.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yochum.</i> <i>Ioc</i>, a yoke; <i>hum</i>, for <i>hám</i>, a house. A yoke-house.
+Yocam, Yocum, Yokam, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yockel.</i> <i>Ioc</i>, a yoke; <i>el</i>, a termination denoting a person.
+One who has charge of a yoke of oxen; a farmer; a
+bumpkin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yoder.</i> <i>Gǽd</i>, a goad; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses a
+goad.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yonker.</i> <i>Iunga</i>, or <i>geonga</i>, a youth. A young fellow; a
+youngster. Or, from <i>iuncer</i>, a younker, a young nobleman,
+one that is young, a young fellow. Younker, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p id="Young"><i>Young.</i> <i>Iung</i>, or <i>geong</i>, young, tender. Younk, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Youngblood.</i> <i>Iung</i>, young; <i>blódh</i>, or <i>blód</i>, blood. Young
+blood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Younger.</i> <i>Geongra</i>, comparative of <i>geong</i>, young, tender.
+Younger; more tender.</p>
+
+<p><i>Younginger.</i> <i>Young</i>, Young; <i>ing</i>, an offspring; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. A descendant of Young.</p>
+
+<p><i>Youngling.</i> <i>Geong-ling</i>, a youngling, a boy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Youngman.</i> <i>Geong</i>, young; <i>man</i>, a man. A young man;
+a youth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Younk.</i> Corruption of Young. See <a href="#Young">Young</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yuker.</i> <i>Iuc</i>, a yoke; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who, or that
+which, is yoked; a companion; a yoke-mate.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_171">[171]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="FROM_THE_ANGLO-NORMAN"><span class="smcap">From the Anglo-Norman.</span></h2>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_172">[172]</span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_173">[173]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="HISTORY-NORMAN_CONQUEST">HISTORY—NORMAN CONQUEST.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The Normans, or Northmen, were primarily of the Norse,
+or Scandinavian, branch of the Teutonic race. They were
+active, enterprising men—merchants, navigators, soldiers.
+Restless under the restraints of a power that was slowly and
+surely consolidating the Scandinavian kingdoms, they broke
+away from its influence, and boldly ventured forth, conquered
+the Shetland Islands, the Orkneys, and the Hebrides, founded
+the kingdom of Caithness in Scotland, settled Iceland, discovered
+Greenland, and colonized Vinland, which is supposed
+to be on the coast of New England.</p>
+
+<p>In 911, Rolf, or Rollo, the Ganger, with his daring band
+of vikings, obtained a footing in the fertile valley of the
+Seine. The province, which was afterwards called Normandy,
+was received by him as a fief from Charles the
+Simple. Friendly relations were soon established, and Rollo
+became the king’s vassal with the title of duke, and subsequently
+married his daughter. The Normans were brought
+under French law and customs, became Christians, adopted
+the French language, married into French families, and
+caught the French spirit.</p>
+
+<p>Edward the Confessor dying without issue in 1066,
+Harold, his brother-in-law, succeeded to the throne. But
+William, seventh Duke of Normandy, whose aunt, Emma,
+had been married to Ethelred II of England, claimed it by
+hereditary right and by the promise of both Edward and
+Harold.</p>
+
+<p>Determined to establish his claim, he set sail with thirty
+thousand followers for the coast of England. On October
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_174">[174]</span>14, 1066, he met and defeated Harold, near Hastings, and
+was soon afterwards crowned king at Westminster. This
+was the only conquest—and British soil has throbbed to the
+clatter and tramplings of four—that reached down to the
+people of the island and thoroughly leavened them. The
+admixture of a new blood and a new spirit with theirs
+proved the greatest good that ever befell them. It can be
+considered as nothing short of a regeneration, for it made
+the English nation of to-day, the English language, and the
+English literature.</p>
+
+<p>The modern Englishman owes to his Teutonic ancestry his
+love of justice and fair play, his religious nature, his physical
+robustness and intellectual vigor, his love of liberty, and
+to his French lineage—and we must not lose sight of the fact
+that, though originally Teutonic, the Normans had been
+metamorphosed by their life in France—his manner, his tact,
+his administrative genius, his poetic skill, and his artistic
+nature. In him are most happily blended the two races,
+forming a composite better than either component, greater
+even than both elements while in separation. The changes
+which Anglo-Saxon thus underwent are vital, fundamental,
+and, we may say, revolutionary.</p>
+
+<p>Expressive of the change thus effected, a new name is
+needed. Before 1066, writers refrained from calling the
+dominant people of the island, or their language, by any
+other term than Anglo-Saxon. But after the union of the
+people and of the languages, no name expresses the new
+condition of things so well as English. As thus applied,
+English denotes always the race resulting from the marriage
+of the two peoples, or the speech resulting from the union
+of the two tongues.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_175">[175]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="ANGLO-NORMAN_LANGUAGE">ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The Anglo-Saxons and the Normans lived side by side.
+It must not be supposed, however, that either the two peoples
+or the two languages were welded instantaneously.
+They grew together, and the growth was slow. There were
+special reasons why such should be the case. The conqueror
+was of alien blood. National animosity existed between him
+and the conquered. In the north, more especially than in
+the south, William’s conquest was ruthless. Harvests were
+destroyed, cattle killed or carried off, implements of husbandry
+sacrificed, towns and villages burned, and the inhabitants
+slain or driven across the border. The entire soil was
+confiscated, and the land, upon condition of military service,
+parcelled out among a score or more of great vassals, among
+hundreds of inferior crown vassals, and among the higher
+clergy. The meanest Norman was raised to opulence and
+influence in the new dominion. By the establishment of
+this modified feudal system, the masses were reduced to a
+species of serfdom. They became mere tillers of the soil.
+Shoals of Norman ecclesiastics came across the Channel, and
+the people were forced to accept religious instruction and
+consolation from the strangers. Everywhere, in the palace
+and among the nobility, in the law courts and the schools,
+as authority dictated, another language than their own prevailed.
+A keen sense of the scorn with which their lack of
+culture and their “barbarous tongue” were regarded, added
+to a painful consciousness of their social and political degradation,
+only served the more to heighten their aversion to
+the strangers, and to make the problem of coalescence slow
+and difficult.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_176">[176]</span></p>
+
+<p>But the influences at work were not wholly those of repulsion.
+Living together as they did, they had to meet each other
+in the field and in the town. They were forced to buy from
+each other and to sell to each other. Time could not but
+lessen the arrogance of the one, and modify the moroseness
+of the other. Definite rights were gradually acquired by the
+subject race. His services became limited, and could be
+commuted for money considerations. The ownership of his
+hut and of the plat of ground surrounding it, and the privilege
+of using the waste land of the manor for the pasturage
+of his cattle, which were mere indulgences at first, grew into
+rights that could be pleaded at law. The serf became a
+power. He was struggling to grow to a copyholder, and
+the copyholder, to a freeholder. Such things had their
+effects. The military strength of the nobles waned, the
+courts of the feudal baronage were shorn of their influence,
+and the feudal system was fast sinking into decay. In education,
+as well as in material things, the Anglo-Saxons were
+improving. Intermarriages were common, and strong social
+and national feelings were springing up, before which their
+mutual antagonism was giving away.</p>
+
+<p>The vast possessions, partly hereditary and partly acquired
+by marriage, held by the English kings in France, served
+but to aid this feeling. To hold these against the French
+kings required not only a united people, but a people unified
+by the strong sentiment of nationality. And to make
+progress against the encroachments of their own kings the
+nobility were forced to make common cause with the people.
+To what extent the interests of barons and commons were
+identified may be seen from the provisions of the Great
+Charter extorted from King John in 1215.</p>
+
+<p>For a long time after the Conquest there existed in England
+the singular spectacle of two languages declining to
+coalesce and yet spoken by two peoples living together.
+Neither language would give way to the other. How little
+these two languages had blended in the vocabulary of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_177">[177]</span>authors, may be seen when it is said that Layamon’s <i>Brut</i>, a
+poem of thirty-two thousand lines, written in 1205, does not
+contain a hundred and fifty French words; and that in the
+<i>Ormulum</i>, a poem of twenty thousand lines, which appeared
+in the year of Magna Charta, hardly fifty French words are
+found. But the difficulties in the way of coalescence were
+slowly diminishing. Such as were political have already been
+spoken of, but those more properly linguistic will now be
+considered.</p>
+
+<p>This period was, to the subject race, one of general
+depression. Very little literature, and that of an indifferent
+quality, was produced. Their language was no longer
+spoken, and their standards in it forgotten. Anglo-Saxon
+had been banished from the schools, was no longer used at
+the palace and castles of the nobles, or in the courts. Few
+were writing it. It seems to have been left in the care, if
+care it can be called, of those ignorant of its literature and
+grammar, and familiar only with the vocabulary employed
+in colloquial speech. The effect of all this upon the language
+can be easily inferred. A large fraction of the
+vocabulary, the more dignified and scholarly portion, fell
+into neglect and then into oblivion. The grammatical
+inflections, denoting case, person, number, tense, of the
+words kept in circulation, almost entirely perished. These
+inflections would only be retained by those who knew their
+importance, but they sloughed off as the words fell from the
+tongues of those who were ignorant of them. When, then,
+this Anglo-Saxon speech had forced itself upon the Normans,
+as it had fairly done by the latter half of the fourteenth
+century, it was far easier to master than would have been the
+case immediately after 1066. Nearly one-half of the words
+in the vocabulary before the Conquest, it is estimated,
+dropped out of it in the three hundred years immediately
+following, and it is certain that the grammar had been vastly
+simplified. With one-half of its words lost, and the remaining
+half nearly flectionless, the work of learning the language
+was made comparatively easy for the Norman.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_178">[178]</span></p>
+
+<p>This forcing of the tongue of a conquered people upon
+its conquerors was a signal achievement and of far-reaching
+consequences. Upon the authority of John of Trevisa, we
+are told that, after the great pestilence of 1349, the instruction
+of youth was revolutionized. John Cornwall changed the
+instruction in the grammar-school from French into English,
+and was followed by Richard Pencrich and others, so that in
+1335 in all the grammar-schools of England the children
+were being taught English rather than French. In 1362
+French was exchanged for English in the courts of law,
+Parliament having passed an act that year ordering that in
+all the courts “all pleas ... shall be pleaded, shewed,
+defended, answered, debated, and judged in the English
+tongue.” Great writers had now arisen—Wyclif, 1324-1384,
+in prose; Chaucer, 1340-1400, in poetry. They wrote in
+English, and their influence upon the plastic language of
+their day, and upon all subsequent writers, is simply
+incalculable.</p>
+
+<p>The adoption of the Anglo-Saxon by the Norman was
+greatly facilitated by the fact that the French he was using
+was not the French of Paris, but the degenerate tongue of
+Normandy, which was at best but provincial. But during
+the centuries of its use in England it had been kept from
+free contact with the dialect of Normandy, and so had deteriorated
+even from the imperfect standard. Even the Norman
+himself had grown ashamed of it, and was not unwilling to
+part with it.</p>
+
+<p>When it is said that by 1400, or even earlier, English was
+generally used, it is meant a speech not in existence by itself
+till long after the Norman Conquest, a speech neither Anglo-Saxon
+nor French, but Anglo-Saxon and French. It was a
+speech to which both of these languages contributed, to
+form which both of these were combined. The adoption of
+words was not all done by the Norman. While he borrowed
+many from the Saxon, the Saxon borrowed some from
+the Norman. English may, therefore, be considered a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_179">[179]</span>compromise, a compound. It is one speech after the union,
+but not univocal, not all of a piece, every speaker of which
+being bilingual.</p>
+
+<p>The tongue brought over by the Conqueror has been
+called Norman-French. It is in reality Latin. Just before
+the Christian era Julius Cæsar subdued the people then in
+possession of Gaul, what is now France, and imposed
+upon them his language, which was that of Rome. This
+language, used for a thousand years by a people to whom it
+was not the vernacular, was acquired by the Normans, of still
+another alien stock, and by them introduced into England.
+Spoken a whole millennium by people whose mother-tongue
+it displaced, and from them learned by strangers, it is
+not at all unreasonable to suppose that the words had lost
+much of their original form and meaning. Proofs, in the
+words themselves, are not wanting to sustain the assertion.
+Outwardly they were almost invariably shortened. By a
+dropping of vowels or consonants, or of both, two or three
+syllables had been squeezed into one, as some examples will
+conclusively show. French <i>sûr</i>, our <i>sure</i>, came originally
+from the Latin <i>securus</i>; French <i>règle</i>, our <i>rule</i>, from Latin
+<i>regula</i>; French <i>île</i>, English <i>isle</i>, from <i>insula</i>. And not
+unfrequently the final and unaccented syllable or syllables
+seem not to have been caught by the subject Gaul, or, if
+caught by his ear, were not retained on his tongue. The
+Latin <i>domina</i>, for instance, appears in French as the truncated
+<i>dame</i>; <i>medius</i> as <i>midi</i>; and <i>malum</i>, as <i>mal</i>. Though
+changed, yet it must be patent to all that the French words
+are Latin, as their essential identity with the words used
+by Horace and Virgil unmistakably show.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_180">[180]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="ANGLO-NORMAN_NAMES">NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4>A.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Avis.</i> <i>Avis</i>, advice, opinion. Avise, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Auter.</i> <i>Auter</i>, an altar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ayler.</i> <i>Ayel</i>, a grandfather; <i>ere</i>, an agent. An active
+grandfather.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ayles.</i> <i>Ayeles</i>, genitive of <i>ayel</i>, a grandfather. Belonging
+to a grandfather.</p>
+
+<h4>B.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Batchelor.</i> <i>Bachelor</i>, an unmarried man, a knight, one
+who has taken his first degree in a college.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bayard.</i> <i>Bayard</i>, a bay horse, a blood-horse; so called
+in Chaucer, and in old romances. Byard, abbreviation of the
+term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beauford.</i> <i>Beau</i>, beautiful; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A beautiful
+ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Belfield.</i> <i>Bel</i>, beautiful; <i>feld</i>, a field. A beautiful field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Belford.</i> <i>Bel</i>, beautiful, good; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A good
+ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bellamy.</i> <i>Bel amy</i>, from <i>bel</i>, good, and <i>amy</i>, a friend. A
+good friend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bellenere.</i> <i>Belle</i>, beautiful; <i>nere</i>, a refuge. A beautiful
+refuge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bokel.</i> <i>Bokel</i>, a buckle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Borell.</i> <i>Borel</i>, coarse cloth of a brown color, made of
+plain, coarse stuff. Borel folk, borel men, were laymen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bortel.</i> <i>Bordel</i>, a brothel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bos.</i> <i>Bos</i>, a protuberance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_181">[181]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Bosek.</i> <i>Bos</i>, a protuberance; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Bossy. Bose, Bosee, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Boser.</i> <i>Bos</i>, a protuberance; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who, or
+that which, has a protuberance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Boshart.</i> <i>Bos</i>, a protuberance; <i>heort</i>, a hart. A humped
+hart.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bossard.</i> <i>Bosard</i>, a buzzard, a species of hawk unfit for
+sporting. Bossart, Bossert, identical in derivation and
+meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Boswell.</i> Latin <i>bos</i>, an ox; <i>well</i>, a well, a fountain. An
+ox-well; a well where oxen are watered.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bosworth.</i> <i>Bos</i>, an ox; <i>weordh</i>, value, price. Ox-value.</p>
+
+<p><i>Botler.</i> <i>Botel</i>, or <i>botelle</i>, a bottle; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A bottler.
+Butler, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bottle.</i> <i>Botel</i>, or <i>botelle</i>, a bottle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brear.</i> <i>Brere</i>, a briar, a bramble.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brearey.</i> <i>Brere</i>, a bramble; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Briery; brambly; full of briars; rough.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brearley.</i> <i>Brere</i>, a bramble; <i>líc</i>, like. Bramble-like; briery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brinton.</i> <i>Brin</i>, a sprig, a slip; <i>tún</i>, a house, an enclosure.
+A hot-bed; a green-house; a nursery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Buffett.</i> <i>Buffette</i>, a blow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burdon.</i> <i>Burdoun</i>, a humming noise, the base in music.</p>
+
+<h4>C.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Cappell.</i> <i>Capel</i>, a horse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caron.</i> <i>Caroigne</i>, carrion, dead, or putrefied flesh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carrick.</i> <i>Carrik</i>, a large ship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Case.</i> <i>Cas</i>, chance, condition, circumstance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Casler.</i> <i>Cas</i>, chance; <i>lár</i>, doctrine. Doctrine of chance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Casely.</i> <i>Cas</i>, chance; <i>líc</i>, like. Chance-like; accidental.
+Casley, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Casey.</i> <i>Cas</i>, chance, condition; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Accidental; conditional.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cattell.</i> <i>Catel</i>, goods, chattel.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_182">[182]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Cellerier.</i> <i>Celerer</i>, the officer in a monastery who had the
+care of the provisions.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chambers.</i> <i>Chamberes</i>, genitive of <i>chamber</i>, a chamber, a
+room, an apartment. Belonging to a chamber.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chambley.</i> <i>Chamb</i>, for <i>chamber</i>, a chamber; <i>ley</i>, for <i>líc</i>,
+like. Chamber-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chesser.</i> <i>Ches</i>, chess; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A chess-player.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chessman.</i> <i>Ches</i>, chess; <i>man</i>, man. A chessman; a piece
+used in chess.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chesson.</i> <i>Ches</i>, chess; <i>sun</i>, son. A son fond of chess.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chestney.</i> <i>Chesteyn</i>, a chestnut. Chestin, perhaps, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clary.</i> <i>Clarré</i>, wine mixed with honey and spices, and
+afterwards strained till it is clear. Clarey, of like relationship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clerke.</i> <i>Clerk</i>, one who has received school-learning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clink.</i> <i>Clinke</i>, a ring, to tinkle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clinker.</i> <i>Clinke</i>, to tinkle; <i>ere</i>, an agent. That which
+tinkles.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coate.</i> <i>Cote</i>, a coat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Compayre.</i> <i>Compère</i>, a gossip, a near friend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coates.</i> <i>Coate</i>, Coate; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Coate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cope.</i> <i>Cope</i>, a cloak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Couch.</i> <i>Couche</i>, to lay, place; past participle <i>couched</i>, laid.
+<i>Couched</i> with pearls means laid or trimmed with pearls.
+<i>Couch</i>, also, a bed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Colpe.</i> <i>Coulpe</i>, a fault.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crowne.</i> <i>Crown</i>, crown of the head, top of the head.
+Crown, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Curtis.</i> <i>Curteys</i>, or <i>curteis</i>, courteous, polite.</p>
+
+<h4>D.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Dresser.</i> <i>Dresse</i>, to address, to apply; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who addresses, or applies himself to any task.</p>
+
+<p><i>Drury.</i> <i>Druerie</i>, courtship, gallantry, love, a mistress.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_183">[183]</span></p>
+
+<h4>F.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Fay.</i> <i>Fay</i>, faith, confidence, trust. Faye, from the same
+radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fayer.</i> <i>Fay</i>, faith; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who has faith; a
+believer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fayle.</i> <i>Fay</i>, faith; <i>le</i>, for <i>el</i>, denoting a person. A person
+of faith; a believer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fein.</i> <i>Feyne</i>, to feign, to pretend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fey.</i> <i>Fey</i>, faith, trust, confidence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Feyer.</i> <i>Fey</i>, faith; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One that has faith; a
+believer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Feyhl.</i> <i>Fey</i>, faith; <i>hl</i>, for <i>el</i>, denoting a person. A
+believer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Floyd.</i> <i>Floyte</i>, a flute.</p>
+
+<p><i>Forster.</i> <i>Forster</i>, a forester, an officer of the forest. Foster,
+a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fowl.</i> <i>Fowel</i>, a fowl, a bird.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fowler.</i> <i>Fowel</i>, a fowl; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who pursues
+or traps wild fowl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fowles.</i> <i>Fowle</i>, Fowl; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Fowl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Foyle.</i> <i>Folye</i>, folly, foolish conduct, indiscretion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Franklin.</i> <i>Frankeleyn</i>, the father of a family. This is
+the application in Chaucer’s time. Spencer uses the term
+in the sense of a freeholder, but in Queen Elizabeth’s day
+it denoted a yeoman, or a man above a vassal, but not a
+gentleman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frearson.</i> <i>Frere</i>, a friar; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of a friar.</p>
+
+<h4>G.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Gabb.</i> <i>Gabbe</i>, to jest, to talk idly, to lie.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gaylord.</i> <i>Gaylard</i>, gay, licentious. Perhaps from <i>galliard</i>,
+a sprightly kind of dance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gentil.</i> <i>Gentil</i>, gentlemanlike, gentlemanly. Gentel,
+Gentle, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_184">[184]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Gentry.</i> <i>Genterye</i>, gentility. Chaucer spelt the word with
+the additional e’s. Even at the present day it is not unusual
+to find some writing the name—Gentery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gerry.</i> <i>Gery</i>, changeable, inconstant, uncertain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Geyler.</i> <i>Gylour</i>, a deceiver.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glose.</i> <i>Glose</i>, a comment, an interpretation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grace.</i> <i>Grace</i>, favor, kindness, good-will, benignity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gracey.</i> <i>Grace</i>, favor, kindness; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Gracious; kind.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grange.</i> <i>Graunge</i>, a farm-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Granger.</i> <i>Graunge</i>, a farm-house; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who has a farm-house; a farmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Greeley.</i> <i>Gree</i>, pleasure, satisfaction, prize, grade; <i>líc</i>, like.
+Pleasurable; satisfactory; estimable; gradual.</p>
+
+<p><i>Greaser.</i> <i>Grees</i>, grease, ointment; <i>ere</i>, an agent. An
+anointer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Greasly.</i> <i>Grees</i>, grease; <i>líc</i>, like. Grease-like; unctuous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Grone.</i> <i>Grone</i>, to groan, to grunt.</p>
+
+<p><i>Groner.</i> <i>Grone</i>, to groan, to grunt; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A
+groaner; a grunter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Groning.</i> <i>Grone</i>, to groan, to grunt; <i>ing</i>, expressive of
+action. Groaning; grunting.</p>
+
+<h4>H.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Hamburg.</i> <i>Hamburgeon</i>, diminutive of <i>hauberg</i>, a coat of
+mail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hamburger.</i> <i>Hamburgeon</i>, a coat of mail; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One who wears a coat of mail; a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haire.</i> <i>Haire</i>, hair-cloth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hackney.</i> <i>Hakeney</i>, a hackney, an ambling horse, or pad.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harney.</i> <i>Harneys</i>, armor, furniture.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hauberger.</i> <i>Hauberg</i>, a coat of mail; <i>ere</i>, an agent. An
+armor-bearer; a knight; a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Houpt.</i> <i>Houped</i>, hooped, hollowed, shoaled.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_185">[185]</span></p>
+
+<h4>K.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Keep.</i> <i>Keep</i>, care, attention.</p>
+
+<h4>L.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Lacey.</i> <i>Laas</i>, or <i>lace</i>, a lace, a net, a snare; <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+termination. Resembling a lace, or net.</p>
+
+<p><i>Large.</i> <i>Large</i>, spacious, free, prodigal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Larger.</i> <i>Larger</i>, comparative of <i>large</i>, spacious, prodigal.
+More spacious; more prodigal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Largey.</i> <i>Large</i>, large, prodigal; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Large; prodigal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Largly.</i> <i>Large</i>, large, free; <i>líc</i>, like. Large-like; largely;
+freely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Layard.</i> <i>Liard</i>, a name of a horse, belonging originally
+to a horse of a gray color. A gray horse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lodge.</i> <i>Loge</i>, a lodge, a habitation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Logerman.</i> <i>Loge</i>, a lodge; <i>ere</i>, an agent; <i>man</i>, a man. A
+person who lodges, or is lodged; a lodger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Logue.</i> <i>Loge</i>, a lodge, a habitation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Loos.</i> <i>Loos</i>, praise, approval.</p>
+
+<p><i>Luce.</i> <i>Luce</i>, the fish called a pike.</p>
+
+<h4>M.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Mallison.</i> <i>Malisoun</i>, a malediction, a curse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maner.</i> <i>Manere</i>, carriage, behavior, kind, sort.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maris.</i> <i>Marreys</i>, a marsh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mauger.</i> <i>Maugré</i>, in spite of.</p>
+
+<p><i>Marvill.</i> <i>Mervaille</i>, marvel, wonder. Marvel, from the
+same radix.</p>
+
+<h4>N.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Nice.</i> <i>Nice</i>, foolish, simple, silly. Nyce, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Noon.</i> <i>Noon</i>, the ninth hour of the natural day, nine
+o’clock in the morning, the hour of dinner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Norris.</i> <i>Norice</i>, a nurse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nowell.</i> <i>Nowel</i>, Christmas.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_186">[186]</span></p>
+
+<h4>O.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Oliphant.</i> <i>Olifaunt</i>, an elephant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oliver.</i> <i>Oliver</i>, olive-trees.</p>
+
+<p><i>Opie.</i> <i>Opye</i>, opium.</p>
+
+<h4>P.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Paase.</i> <i>Paas</i>, a foot-pace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Paramore.</i> <i>Paramour</i>, love, gallantry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pardee.</i> <i>Pardé</i>, a common oath, literally, by God. Purdie,
+of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Parvis.</i> <i>Parvis</i>, a portico before a church. Purvis, perhaps,
+from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pass.</i> <i>Passe</i>, to surpass, to excel, to pass sentence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Peer.</i> <i>Peere</i>, a peer, an equal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pergin.</i> <i>Peregrine</i>, wandering.</p>
+
+<p><i>Perry.</i> <i>Perrye</i>, jewels, precious stones.</p>
+
+<p><i>Person.</i> <i>Persone</i>, a man, a parson, a rector of a church.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pierie.</i> <i>Pierrie</i>, jewels, precious stones.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pile.</i> <i>Pile</i>, <i>pyle</i>, to rob, to plunder. Pyle, from the same
+radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Platt.</i> <i>Platte</i>, or <i>plat</i>, flat, plain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pleydell.</i> <i>Plye</i>, to bend; <i>dál</i>, a dell, a valley. An undulating
+valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Poke.</i> <i>Poke</i>, a pocket, a bag.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pollak.</i> <i>Pollax</i>, a halberd. Pollock, Polock, from the
+same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pomeltree.</i> <i>Pomel</i>, any ball or round thing, as an apple;
+<i>treow</i>, a tree. An apple-tree.</p>
+
+<p><i>Poynter.</i> <i>Poynt</i>, the principal business, a point, a stop;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. That which acts as a point, or a stop; a
+pointer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Poynton.</i> <i>Poynt</i>, a point, a stop; <i>tún</i>, a house. A point-house;
+a business place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Prentis.</i> <i>Prentys</i>, an apprentice. Prentiss, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Presley.</i> <i>Prees</i>, a press, a crowd; <i>líc</i>, like. Crowd-like;
+dense; compact.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_187">[187]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Preston.</i> <i>Prest</i>, from <i>prese</i>, to press, to crowd; <i>tún</i>, a house.
+A crowded house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Prevear.</i> <i>Preve</i>, to try, to demonstrate by trial; <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. An experimenter; a demonstrator.</p>
+
+<p><i>Price.</i> <i>Prys</i>, price, value, praise.</p>
+
+<p><i>Prime.</i> <i>Prime</i>, the first quarter of the artificial day.
+Sometimes metaphorically used in Chaucer for the season of
+action or business. Perhaps, from <i>pryme</i>, daybreak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Prow.</i> <i>Prow</i>, profit, advantage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pye.</i> <i>Pie</i>, a magpie, a prating gossip, a tell-tale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pyne.</i> <i>Pyne</i>, pain, grief, sorrow.</p>
+
+<h4>Q.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Quint.</i> <i>Queynt</i>, strange, cunning, artful, trim, neat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Quinton.</i> <i>Queynt</i>, neat, trim; <i>tún</i>, a house. A neat home.</p>
+
+<h4>R.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Raffles.</i> <i>Rafles</i>, plays with dice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rampe.</i> <i>Rampe</i>, to climb. Rempe, doubtless, from the
+same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rampson.</i> <i>Ramp</i>, Rampe; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Rampe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ransom.</i> <i>Raunsoun</i>, a ransom.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rems.</i> <i>Remes</i>, realms, regions.</p>
+
+<p><i>Revel.</i> <i>Revel</i>, entertainment, sport, festivity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ribaut.</i> <i>Ribaude</i>, a low, profligate man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roche.</i> <i>Roche</i>, a rock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rochester.</i> <i>Roche</i>, a rock; <i>ceaster</i>, a castle. A rock-castle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rocholl.</i> <i>Roche</i>, a rock; <i>ol</i>, a termination denoting a personal
+noun. A rock-dweller; a man of decision.</p>
+
+<h4>S.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Scollay.</i> <i>Scolay</i>, to attend school, to study.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sergeant.</i> <i>Sergeaunt</i>, a squire attendant upon a prince or
+nobleman.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_188">[188]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Spence.</i> <i>Spence</i>, a store-room for wine or victuals. A
+buttery; a larder; a store-room.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spencer.</i> <i>Spence</i>, a store-room; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+has charge of the spence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Suel.</i> <i>Sue</i>, to follow; <i>el</i>, implying a person. A follower.</p>
+
+<h4>T.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Tally.</i> <i>Taille</i>, a tally, an account scored upon a piece of
+wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Talent.</i> <i>Talent</i>, desire, affection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Targett.</i> <i>Targe</i>, a small shield; <i>et</i>, implying a diminutive.
+A small shield.</p>
+
+<p><i>Timbers.</i> <i>Timbres</i>, basins. <i>Timbesterre</i> was a term applied
+to a woman who played tricks with timbres, or basins of
+some sort or other, by throwing them up into the air and
+catching them upon a single finger; a kind of balance-mistress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tourison.</i> <i>Tour</i>, a tower, and <i>sun</i>, a son. Son of a tower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tresse.</i> <i>Tresse</i>, an artificial lock, or gathering of hair.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tressley.</i> <i>Tresse</i>, an artificial lock of hair; <i>líc</i>, like. Tress-like;
+gathered into a tress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tressler.</i> <i>Tress</i>, a tress; <i>lár</i>, knowledge. Tress-knowledge.</p>
+
+<h4>V.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Verrey.</i> <i>Verray</i>, true, faithful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Voucher.</i> <i>Vouche</i>, contraction of <i>vouchen sauf</i>, to vouchsafe;
+<i>ere</i>, an agent. One who vouches a thing safe. In
+Chaucer, such expressions as <i>voucheth sauf</i>, vouchsafe ye, and
+<i>the king vouches it save</i>, the king vouchsafes it, were of common
+occurrence.</p>
+
+<h4>W.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Waite.</i> <i>Waite</i>, to watch. Wait, Waitt, Wayte, kindred
+terms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warden.</i> <i>Wardeyn</i>, a guard, a keeper of a gate.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_189">[189]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="FROM_THE_SCOTCH"><span class="smcap">From the Scotch.</span></h2>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_190">[190]</span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_191">[191]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="HISTORY-THE_SCOT">HISTORY—THE SCOT.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Who were the Scots? This is a question extremely difficult
+to answer. No satisfactory account of the origin of the
+appellation has been given. It has puzzled the most distinguished
+antiquaries, whose conjectures serve rather to perplex
+than clear up the difficulty. Nor is this surprising, when
+Varro and Dyonysius could not agree about the etymon of
+Italia, nor Plutarch and Selinus about that of Rome. All
+that is known with certainty is, that it was at first a term of
+reproach, and consequently framed by enemies, rather than
+assumed by the nation distinguished by that name. The
+Highlanders, who were the genuine descendants of the
+ancient Scots, are absolutely strangers to the name, and have
+been so from the beginning of time. All those who speak
+the Gaelic language call themselves <i>Albanich</i> or <i>Gael</i>, and
+their country <i>Alba</i> or <i>Gaeldochd</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The Picts, who possessed originally the northern and eastern,
+and, in a later period, the more southern division of
+North Britain, were at first more powerful than the Caledonians
+of the west. It is therefore probable that the Picts,
+from principles of malevolence and pride, were ready to traduce
+and ridicule their weaker neighbors of Argyle. These
+two people spoke the same language—the Gaelic. In that
+language <i>Scot</i>, or <i>Scode</i>, signifies a corner or small division
+of a country. Accordingly, a corner of North Britain is the
+very name which Giraldus Cambrensis gives the little kingdom
+of Argyle, that the six sons of Muredus, King of Ulster,
+are said to have established in Scotland. <i>Scot</i>, in Gaelic, is
+much the same as <i>little</i> or <i>contemptible</i> in English; and
+<i>Scotlan</i> literally signifies a <i>small flock</i>, but metaphorically
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_192">[192]</span>stands for a small body of men. <i>Scuit</i>, a wanderer, is also
+from the Gaelic, and a few writers suppose that this may have
+been the origin of the name of <i>Scot</i>, a conjecture which
+seems to be countenanced by a passage in Ammianus Marcellinus,
+where the men are characterized “<i>per diversa
+vagantes</i>.” All that can be affirmed is, that, for some one of
+the reasons stated above, the Picts or the Britons may have
+given, out of derision, the appellation of <i>Scots</i> to the ancestors
+of the Scottish nation.</p>
+
+<p>At what time the inhabitants of the west of Scotland
+came to be distinguished by this name is uncertain. Porphyrius,
+the philosopher, is the first who mentions them, and
+this was about the year of the Christian era 267. Towards
+the middle of the fourth century Ammianus Marcellinus
+speaks of them along with other British nations.</p>
+
+<p>Much discussion among antiquaries of note has taken
+place in regard to the origin of the Scots. Dr. Macpherson
+contends that they are of Caledonian, and Mr. Whitaker that
+they are of Irish extraction. Each supports his position
+with such arguments and authorities that an impartial inquirer
+is almost at a loss to know which to accept. What appears
+most probable is, that both are partly in the right and partly
+in the wrong. From what can be gleaned from past records
+the Scots seem to have been originally descended from
+Britons of the south, or from Caledonians, who, being pressed
+forward by new colonies from Gaul till they came to the
+western shore of Britain, passed over into Ireland probably
+one hundred years before the Christian era. Subsequently,
+about the year of Christ 320, they, or a large colony of them,
+returned under Fergus to Britain, and settled on the western
+coasts of Caledonia, from which place they had formerly
+migrated. As early as 340 they are found associated with
+the Picts in their expeditions into the Roman province, and
+for ninety or a hundred years afterwards Roman and British
+writers make frequent mention of their depredatory excursions.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_193">[193]</span></p>
+
+<p>The territory of the ancient Scots comprehended, before
+the annexation of Pictavia, all that side of Caledonia that
+stretched along the coast from the Frith of Clyde to the
+Orkneys. Towards the east their dominions were divided
+from those of the Picts by the high mountains running from
+Dumbarton to the Frith of Tain. In course of time the
+Scots, under the reign of Kenneth, son of Alpin, became so
+powerful as to subdue their neighbors the Picts, and to give
+their own denomination to all Caledonia, Pictavia and
+Valentia, which territories are still comprehended under the
+general name of Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>Like those of all other nations, the historians of Scotland
+assume too great an antiquity for their countrymen, but are,
+however, much less extravagant in this particular than many
+others. According to them, the reign of Fergus, the first
+Scot monarch, is placed at 330 B. C. He was the son of
+Ferchard, an Irish prince, and is said to have been called into
+Scotland by the Caledonians to assist them against the
+Southern Britons, with whom they were then at war. Their
+language and manners he found to be the same as those of
+his countrymen. This happy condition of things rendered
+his position a very easy one. Placing himself at the head of
+his new allies, he engaged the Britons under their king,
+Coilus. Events proved him a brave and efficient leader.
+Coilus was defeated and killed, and victory soon settled
+upon the banners of the Scots. Shortly afterwards Fergus
+was declared, with the solemnity of an oath, king of the
+Scots. But he did not long enjoy his new dignity, for, being
+called to Ireland to quiet some commotions there, he was
+drowned on his return voyage at a place on the coast of
+Ireland, which was called for him, <i>Knock-Fergus</i>, or <i>Carrick-Fergus</i>;
+that is, Fergus’s Rock.</p>
+
+<p>Feritharis, brother of Fergus, succeeded to the throne to
+the prejudice of his nephews—Ferlegus and Mainus. His
+reign was not a peaceful one, for Ferlegus fomented strifes
+and dissensions, which failed of success, and only resulted,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_194">[194]</span>after the death of his uncle, in his being set aside from the
+succession. The throne was conferred upon his brother
+Mainus, Ferlegus having died in obscurity. The reign of
+Mainus and those of Dornadill and Nothat afford nothing
+remarkable. Reutha, Thereus, Jafina and Finnan then followed
+in regular succession, but no transactions of note marked
+their administrations, save that of the last, where we find the
+first beginnings of the Scottish Parliament. Durftus, Even
+and Gillus then succeeded, but their reigns were barren of
+interest. Even II, the nephew of Finnan, who came after
+Gillus, is said to have built the towns of Innerlochy and
+Inverness. He overcame Belus, king of the Orkneys, who
+had invaded Scotland. His son Ever, who next assumed
+the reins, became king at the time of the invasion of Britain
+by Julius Cæsar, and assisted the Britons against the
+common enemy. Even III, his successor, was a monster of
+cruelty and lust. His great wickedness occasioned a rebellion,
+and ended in his dethronement, imprisonment and death.
+Nothing memorable in the history of Scotland is met with
+from this time until that of Agricola, who having completed
+the conquest of the southern parts and in a great measure
+civilized the inhabitants, formed a like plan with regard to
+Scotland. Here he met a most formidable opposition, but
+Scotch valor was not proof against the discipline of Roman
+troops and the experience of their commander. The subsequent
+history of the Scot, his contact with the Dane, the
+Angles and the Saxons, and the Normans, must be left
+unmentioned. We have called attention to these people for
+the reason that they had in manner and language impressed
+the Scot of their days, and left an influence behind which
+is even felt in his progenitors of the present time. Our purpose
+at the beginning was to give but the history of the
+origin of the name and of those who had it imposed upon
+them, and this we have briefly, and it is to be hoped,
+successfully, accomplished.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_195">[195]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="SCOTCH-AS_IT_NOW_EXISTS">SCOTCH—AS IT NOW EXISTS.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Modern Scotch, or the language as spoken even a hundred
+years ago, differs very materially from that in use by
+the Scots when Cæsar invaded Britain.</p>
+
+<p>Like the Erse, the latter was an important branch of the
+Celtic, or Keltic, family of Indo-European languages, of
+which the Irish, now almost extinct, affords a good
+illustration.</p>
+
+<p>Eighteen centuries, with their destructive and modifying
+influences, have been at work upon its structure till its
+genius has departed, never to return. The Anglo-Saxon and
+Anglo-Norman have supplanted many of its word-forms,
+and done away with its peculiarities of speech. What is
+now left of its former glory is but the shadow.</p>
+
+<p>It is true we meet with Celtic words in current use, but
+time and neglect have so disfigured their physiognomies that
+even the practised mind of the philologist often fails to
+indicate their kinship.</p>
+
+<p>Scotch words, or we might say with greater propriety and
+exactness Scottish words, for <i>Scotch</i> is seemingly nothing
+more than a corruption of <i>Scottish</i>, the English form of the
+Anglo-Saxon <i>Scyttisc</i>, vary their inflections as English words
+do. The changes, when there are changes, follow the usages
+of the Anglo-Saxon.</p>
+
+<p>As should be expected, when is considered the influence
+of the Teutonic and Norman-French invasions, the sounds
+of certain letters, whether taken singly or in combination,
+must necessarily have varied. This, as we shall now see,
+has been the case.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ch</i> and <i>gh</i>, in Scotch, have always the guttural sound.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_196">[196]</span></p>
+
+<p>The sound of the English diphthong <i>oo</i> is commonly
+spelled <i>ou</i>.</p>
+
+<p>French <i>u</i>, a sound which often occurs in the language, is
+marked <i>oo</i>, <i>ui</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In genuine Scottish words the <i>a</i>, except when constituting
+a diphthong, or when followed by an <i>e</i> mute after a
+single consonant, sounds generally like the broad English
+<i>a</i> in <i>wall</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The Scottish diphthong <i>æ</i> always, and <i>ea</i> very often,
+sound like the French <i>e</i> masculine, while the Scottish
+diphthong <i>ey</i> sounds like the Latin in <i>ei</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_197">[197]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="SCOTCH_NAMES">NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4>A.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Aiken.</i> <i>Aik</i>, an oak; <i>en</i>, indicative of an adjective.
+Oaken.</p>
+
+<p><i>Auld.</i> <i>Auld</i>, old, ancient, of long duration.</p>
+
+<h4>B.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Baude.</i> <i>Baud</i>, bold, courageous, brave.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bauder.</i> <i>Baud</i>, bold; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A bold person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bearne</i>. <i>Bearn</i>, a child, a human creature.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bent.</i> <i>Bent</i>, long grass, wild fields where bents, etc.,
+grow. Bente, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bentley.</i> <i>Bent</i>, long grass; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling bent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bicker.</i> <i>Bicker</i>, a kind of wooden dish, a short race.</p>
+
+<p><i>Birkey.</i> <i>Birkie</i>, a clever fellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bonney.</i> <i>Bonnie</i>, bonny, handsome, beautiful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blyth.</i> <i>Blyth</i>, joy, sprightliness, liveliness. Blythe, another
+spelling of the word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bradley.</i> <i>Brade</i>, or <i>braid</i>, broad; <i>líc</i>, like. Broad-like;
+broadly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brauley.</i> <i>Braw</i>, brave; <i>líc</i>, like. Brave-like; bravely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brenner.</i> <i>Brenn</i>, burn; <i>ere</i>, an agent. That which burns,
+or gives light.</p>
+
+<p><i>Briggs.</i> <i>Brigs</i>, bridges.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brock.</i> <i>Brock</i>, a badger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bunker.</i> <i>Bunker</i>, a window-seat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burn.</i> <i>Burn</i>, water, a rivulet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burney.</i> <i>Burnie</i>, diminutive of <i>burn</i>, a rivulet. A small
+rivulet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Buss.</i> <i>Buss</i>, shelter, refuge, protection. Busse, a kindred
+name.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_198">[198]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Bussell.</i> <i>Bussle</i>, a bustle, great stir, tumultuous hurry.</p>
+
+<p><i>Butt.</i> <i>Butt</i>, outer room.</p>
+
+<p><i>Byers.</i> <i>Byres</i>, plural of <i>byre</i>, a cow-stable, a sheep-pen.</p>
+
+<h4>C.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Caddy.</i> <i>Caddie</i>, a young person, a young fellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caffey.</i> <i>Caff</i>, chaff; <i>ig</i>, implying an adjective. Chaffy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cairns.</i> <i>Cairns</i>, plural of <i>cairn</i>, a loose heap of stones.</p>
+
+<p><i>Callan.</i> <i>Callan</i>, a boy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Canny.</i> <i>Cannie</i>, gentle, mild, dexterous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carl.</i> <i>Carl</i>, an old man, a churl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carlin.</i> <i>Carlin</i>, feminine of <i>carl</i>. A stout old woman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cauldwell.</i> <i>Cauld</i>, cold; <i>well</i>, a well. A cold well.
+Caldwell, Colwell, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Child.</i> <i>Chield</i>, a fellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clapp.</i> <i>Clap</i>, clapper of a mill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clater.</i> <i>Clatter</i>, an idle story.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clash.</i> <i>Clash</i>, an idle tale, the story of the day.</p>
+
+<p><i>Collie.</i> <i>Collie</i>, a general.</p>
+
+<p><i>Core.</i> <i>Core</i>, corps, party, clans.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cotter.</i> <i>Cotter</i>, an inhabitant of a cot-house, or cottage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cowton.</i> <i>Cowt</i>, a colt; <i>tún</i>, a house. A colt’s house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Craft.</i> <i>Craft</i>, in old husbandry, a field near a house, a
+croft.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crap.</i> <i>Crap</i>, a crop, to crop.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crawford.</i> <i>Craw</i>, a rook; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A rook-ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Creeley.</i> <i>Creel</i>, a basket; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a basket.
+To have one’s wits in a <i>creel</i>, is to be crazed, to be fascinated.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crees.</i> <i>Crees</i>, grease.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crick.</i> <i>Cricke</i>, an ant, any small insect.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crouse.</i> <i>Crouse</i>, cheerful, courageous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Curley.</i> <i>Curlie</i>, curled, hair falling naturally in ringlets.</p>
+
+<p><i>Curling.</i> <i>Curling</i>, a well-known game on ice. In Scotland,
+where it is practised, the player is called a <i>curler</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_199">[199]</span></p>
+
+<h4>D.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Dale.</i> <i>Dale</i>, a plain, a valley. Deal, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dales.</i> <i>Dale</i>, a plain; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Dale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Daley.</i> <i>Dale</i>, a plain; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Resembling
+a plain. Dealy, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dawson.</i> <i>Dawes</i>, days; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of days.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dearie.</i> <i>Dearie</i>, diminutive of <i>dear</i>, a dear. A little dear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dern.</i> <i>Dern</i>, secret, hidden, sequestered.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dolte.</i> <i>Dolt</i>, stupefied, crazed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dool.</i> <i>Dool</i>, sorrow. To sing <i>dool</i> is to lament, to mourn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dooley.</i> <i>Dool</i>, sorrow; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Sorrowful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Doupe.</i> <i>Doupe</i>, the backside, the side or part of anything
+that is out of sight, or that is not observed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Douredoure.</i> <i>Doure</i>, stout, durable, sullen, stubborn; <i>doure</i>,
+stout, durable, etc. Very stout; portly; obstinate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dow.</i> <i>Dow</i>, am, or are able.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dowie.</i> <i>Dowie</i>, worn with grief, fatigue, etc., half asleep.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dripps.</i> <i>Dreips</i>, or <i>drips</i>, drops.</p>
+
+<p><i>Duddy.</i> <i>Duddie</i>, ragged.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dyce.</i> <i>Dyce</i>, dice, checker-work.</p>
+
+<h4>E.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Eldridge.</i> <i>Elriche</i>, <i>Elritch</i>, wild, hideous, ghostly, lonesome,
+uninhabited, except by spectres.</p>
+
+<p><i>Enburgh.</i> <i>Enbrugh</i>, Edinburgh.</p>
+
+<h4>F.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Fae.</i> <i>Fae</i>, a foe, an enemy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fallon.</i> <i>Fallan</i>, falling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fallows.</i> <i>Fallow</i>, a fellow; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of a
+fellow. Also, <i>fallows</i>, plural of <i>fallow</i>, a fellow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Faust.</i> <i>Faust</i>, a fault.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_200">[200]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Fay.</i> <i>Fay</i>, faith. Faye, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fell.</i> <i>Fell</i>, keen, biting, the flesh immediately underneath
+the skin, a moderately level field on the side or top of
+a hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ferley.</i> <i>Ferley</i>, or <i>ferlie</i>, to wonder, a wonder. Farley,
+from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Firth.</i> <i>Firth</i>, or <i>frith</i>, a wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Flegel.</i> <i>Fleg</i>, a kicker; <i>el</i>, denoting a personal name. A
+kicker; an opposer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fothergill.</i> <i>Fother</i>, fodder; <i>gill</i>, from <i>giolla</i>, a servant. A
+fodder-servant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fow.</i> <i>Fow</i>, or <i>fou</i>, full, fuddled, drunk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fyler.</i> <i>Fyle</i>, to soil, to dirty; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+soils, or is soiled.</p>
+
+<h4>G.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Gaber.</i> <i>Gab</i>, the mouth; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses
+the mouth; a prattler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gair.</i> <i>Gair</i>, gear, dress, goods, effects, stuff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gash.</i> <i>Gash</i>, wise, sagacious, talkative.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gear.</i> <i>Gear</i>, riches, goods of any kind.</p>
+
+<p><i>Geary.</i> <i>Gear</i>, riches; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination. Rich;
+wealthy. Gearey, another spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glen.</i> <i>Glen</i>, a dale, a deep valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Goff.</i> <i>Gowff</i>, the game of Golf. A game played with a
+ball and a bat. It is a favorite game in Scotland and consists
+in driving the ball from one hole to another. The person
+who drives his ball into a hole with the fewest strokes is
+declared the winner.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gowdy.</i> <i>Gowd</i>, gould, gold; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Gold-like; resembling gold.</p>
+
+<p><i>Great.</i> <i>Great</i>, great, intimate, familiar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Greely.</i> <i>Gree</i>, prize, victory; <i>líc</i>, like. Victorious. Greeley,
+of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Greer.</i> <i>Gree</i>, prize, victory; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+gains the prize; the victor.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_201">[201]</span></p>
+
+<h4>H.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Hagey.</i> <i>Hag</i>, a scar; <i>ig</i>, implying an adjective. Resembling
+a scar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hale.</i> <i>Hale</i>, whole, tight, healthy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haly.</i> <i>Haly</i>, holy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haldeman.</i> <i>Hald</i>, an abiding place; <i>man</i>, a man. A man
+that has an abiding place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hap.</i> <i>Hap</i>, an outer garment, mantle, plaid. Happ, a
+kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haphold.</i> <i>Hap</i>, a plaid; <i>hold</i>, a captain. A captain invested
+with his plaid.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harner.</i> <i>Harn</i>, very coarse linen; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+makes coarse linen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hasher.</i> <i>Hash</i>, a fellow that neither knows how to dress
+nor act with propriety; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A fellow that does
+not dress becomingly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haugh.</i> <i>Haugh</i>, a low, rich land, a valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haughey.</i> <i>Haugh</i>, a valley; <i>ig</i>, expressing an adjective.
+Valley-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haughton.</i> <i>Haugh</i>, a valley; <i>tún</i>, a town. A valley-town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haverley.</i> <i>Haverel</i>, a half-witted person, half-witted.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hawkey.</i> <i>Hawkie</i>, a cow, properly one with a white face.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hearse.</i> <i>Hearse</i>, hoarse, rough, raucous.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heather.</i> <i>Heather</i>, a heath, a place overgrown with heath,
+a low shrub belonging to the family of ericaceous plants.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hecht.</i> <i>Hecht</i>, promised, foretold, the thing promised, or
+offered.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heckle.</i> <i>Heckle</i>, a board in which is fixed a number of
+sharp pins used in dressing hemp, flax, etc. Heckel, a cognate
+term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Helm.</i> <i>Helm</i>, rudder of a vessel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Helmer.</i> <i>Helm</i>, rudder; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who has the
+charge of the rudder; a helmsman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Helmbold.</i> <i>Helm</i>, rudder, helm; <i>bóld</i>, a house. The helmsman’s
+house; pilot-house.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_202">[202]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Helms.</i> <i>Helm</i>, Helm; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Helm.</p>
+
+<p><i>Herd.</i> <i>Herd</i>, to tend flocks, one who tends flocks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Herder.</i> <i>Herd</i>, to tend flocks; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+tends flocks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Herry.</i> <i>Herry</i>, to plunder; most properly, to plunder
+birds’ nests.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hiney.</i> <i>Hiney</i>, honey.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hinger.</i> <i>Hing</i>, to hang; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A hanger; a
+hangman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hitch.</i> <i>Hitch</i>, a loop, a knot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hoff.</i> <i>Howff</i>, a tippling house, a house of resort.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hoole.</i> <i>Hool</i>, outer skin or case, a nut-shell, a peascod, a
+pea-pod.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hooley.</i> <i>Hoolie</i>, slowly, leisurely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Horney.</i> <i>Hornie</i>, one of the many names of the devil.</p>
+
+<p><i>Howe.</i> <i>Howe</i>, hollow, a hollow, or dell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Howkins.</i> <i>Howkins</i>, diggings.</p>
+
+<p><i>Howlett.</i> <i>Howlet</i>, an owlet, a small owl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hoy.</i> <i>Hoy</i>, to urge, to press forward. Hoye, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hoyer.</i> <i>Hoy</i>, to urge; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who urges;
+an urger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hoyt.</i> <i>Hoyte</i>, to amble crazily.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hushen.</i> <i>Hushion</i>, a cushion.</p>
+
+<h4>I.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Ilko.</i> <i>Ilka</i>, each, every.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ingle.</i> <i>Ingle</i>, fire, fire-place.</p>
+
+<h4>K.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Kain.</i> <i>Kain</i>, fowls, etc., paid as rent by a farmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kames.</i> <i>Kames</i>, combs.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keel.</i> <i>Keel</i>, a raddle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keeler.</i> <i>Keel</i>, a raddle; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who uses a
+raddle; a weaver.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_203">[203]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Keeley.</i> <i>Keel</i>, a raddle; <i>ig</i>, implying an adjective. Raddle-like;
+resembling a raddle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kett.</i> <i>Ket</i>, matted hair, fleece of wool.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirk.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church. Kirke, of similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirkbride.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>bryde</i>, a bride. The church’s
+bride.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirkby.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. A habitation
+belonging to the church; a parsonage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirker.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A churchman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirkham.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>hám</i>, house. Church-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirkland.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>land</i>, land. Church-land.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirkman.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>man</i>, a man. A churchman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirkpatrick.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>Patrick</i>, Patrick. Church of
+St. Patrick.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirkwood.</i> <i>Kirk</i>, church; <i>wud</i>, wood. Church-wood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kirn.</i> <i>Kirn</i>, the harvest-supper, a churn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kitchen.</i> <i>Kitchen</i>, anything that is eaten with bread, or
+that serves for gravy, soup, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kittle.</i> <i>Kittle</i>, ticklish, lively, apt. As a verb, it signifies
+to tickle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knapp.</i> <i>Knap</i>, to strike sharply. A smart blow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knapper.</i> <i>Knap</i>, to strike sharply; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One
+who strikes a smart blow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kye.</i> <i>Kye</i>, cows.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kyle.</i> <i>Kyle</i>, a district in Ayrshire. Doubtless from <i>kyel</i>—the
+equivalent of <i>kye</i>, cows, and <i>el</i>, a personal suffix—a
+cowherd.</p>
+
+<h4>L.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Laddey.</i> <i>Laddie</i>, diminutive of <i>lad</i>, a small lad, or boy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Laggen.</i> <i>Lagen</i>, the angle between the side and the
+bottom of a wooden dish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lang.</i> <i>Lang</i>, long.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lear.</i> <i>Lear</i>, learning, knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Linn.</i> <i>Linn</i>, a water-fall, a precipice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lowe.</i> <i>Lowe</i>, a flame.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_204">[204]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Lounes.</i> <i>Lounes</i>, plural of <i>loun</i>, a fellow, a ragamuffin, a
+woman of easy virtue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lowrie.</i> <i>Lowrie</i>, abbreviation of Lawrence. Lowry, from
+the same name. Lawrence, from the Latin, belonging to the
+laurel; secondarily, victorious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lowse.</i> <i>Lowse</i>, to loose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lum.</i> <i>Lum</i>, the chimney.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lunt.</i> <i>Lunt</i>, a column of smoke, to smoke.</p>
+
+<h4>M.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Mair.</i> <i>Mair</i>, more.</p>
+
+<p><i>Malley.</i> <i>Mallie</i>, Molly, nickname for Mary, a Hebrew word
+signifying bitter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mang.</i> <i>Mang</i>, among.</p>
+
+<p><i>Manse.</i> <i>Manse</i>, the house where the minister lives, the
+parsonage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mavis.</i> <i>Mavis</i>, the thrush.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maw.</i> <i>Maw</i>, to mow, a mow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mawby.</i> <i>Maw</i>, to mow; <i>bý</i>, a house, a habitation. A
+mow-house; a chamber in a barn where hay is stored.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mell.</i> <i>Mell</i>, to meddle. Also, a mallet for pounding barley
+in a stone trough.</p>
+
+<p><i>Meslin.</i> <i>Meslin</i>, mixed corn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Muckel.</i> <i>Muckle</i>, great, big, much.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murney.</i> <i>Murne</i>, mourn; Irish <i>neać</i>, an individual. One
+that mourns; a mourner.</p>
+
+<h4>N.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Napey.</i> <i>Nappy</i>, ale, to be tipsy. Naphey, perhaps, from
+the same root.</p>
+
+<h4>P.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Pack.</i> <i>Pack</i>, intimate, familiar, twelve stone of wool.</p>
+
+<p><i>Parle.</i> <i>Parle</i>, speech, discourse, conversation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pechin.</i> <i>Pechan</i>, the crop, the stomach.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_205">[205]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Pickle.</i> <i>Pickle</i>, a small quantity. Pickel, from the same
+radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pine.</i> <i>Pine</i>, pain, uneasiness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Plews.</i> <i>Plews</i>, or <i>pleughs</i>, ploughs.</p>
+
+<p><i>Prigge.</i> <i>Prig</i>, to cheapen, to dispute.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pund.</i> <i>Pund</i>, pound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pyle.</i> <i>Pyle</i> (<i>a pyle o’ chaff</i>), a single grain of chaff.</p>
+
+<h4>Q.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Quay.</i> <i>Quay</i>, or <i>quey</i>, a young heifer, a cow from one to
+two years of age.</p>
+
+<h4>R.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Raible.</i> <i>Raible</i>, to rattle nonsense.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rash.</i> <i>Rash</i>, a rush.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reamer.</i> <i>Ream</i>, cream, to cream; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who
+skims the cream from anything.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reck.</i> <i>Reck</i>, to heed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Redwood.</i> <i>Red-wud</i>, stark mad.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reid.</i> <i>Reid</i>, a reed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reider.</i> <i>Reid</i>, to advise; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One that advises;
+an adviser.</p>
+
+<p><i>Reidy.</i> <i>Reid</i>, a reed; <i>ig</i>, indicating an adjective termination.
+Reedy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rever.</i> <i>Rever</i>, robber, pirate, rover.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rief.</i> <i>Rief</i>, or <i>reef</i>, plenty, abundance, randies, sturdy
+beggars.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rigby.</i> <i>Rig</i>, a ridge; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. A ridge-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Riggs.</i> <i>Rigs</i>, plural of <i>rig</i>, a ridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rink.</i> <i>Rink</i>, the course of the stones, a term in <i>curling</i> on
+ice.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ripley.</i> <i>Rip</i>, a handful of unthreshed corn; <i>líc</i>, like.
+Resembling a handful of unthreshed corn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ripp.</i> <i>Rip</i>, a handful of unthreshed corn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Routh.</i> <i>Routh</i>, or <i>rowth</i>, plenty, abundance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_206">[206]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Rung.</i> <i>Rung</i>, a cudgel. Runge, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Runger.</i> <i>Rung</i>, a cudgel; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A cudgeller.</p>
+
+<h4>S.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Saul.</i> <i>Saul</i>, soul. Saull, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sauter.</i> <i>Saut</i>, salt; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who salts; a salter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sax.</i> <i>Sax</i>, six.</p>
+
+<p><i>Scarborough.</i> <i>Scar</i>, a cliff; <i>beorh</i>, a burrow. A cliff-burrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shaw.</i> <i>Shaw</i>, to show, a small wood in a hollow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheen.</i> <i>Sheen</i>, bright, shining.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sheetz.</i> <i>Sheits</i>, or <i>shetes</i>, sheets.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shiel.</i> <i>Shiel</i>, a shed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shill.</i> <i>Shill</i>, shrill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shur.</i> <i>Shure</i>, did shear, shore. Shurr, from the same
+root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Siller.</i> <i>Siller</i>, silver, money.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmer.</i> <i>Simmer</i>, summer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Simmers.</i> <i>Simmer</i>, Simmer; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Simmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Skerl.</i> <i>Skirl</i>, to shriek, to cry shrilly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slade.</i> <i>Slade</i>, did slide.</p>
+
+<p><i>Slaw.</i> <i>Slaw</i>, slow, tardy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Smithers.</i> <i>Smithers</i>, smothers.</p>
+
+<p><i>Snell.</i> <i>Snell</i>, bitter, biting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Soutter.</i> <i>Souter</i>, a shoemaker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Speel.</i> <i>Speel</i>, to climb.</p>
+
+<p><i>Spier.</i> <i>Spier</i>, to ask, to inquire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stang.</i> <i>Stang</i>, an acute pain, a twinge, to sting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stangle.</i> <i>Stang</i>, to sting; <i>el</i>, expressive of a personal name.
+That which stings.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stant.</i> <i>Stant</i>, to stand.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stark.</i> <i>Stark</i>, stout, stiff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Steane.</i> <i>Stean</i>, or <i>stane</i>, a stone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stell.</i> <i>Stell</i>, a still.</p>
+
+<p><i>Swank.</i> <i>Swank</i>, stately, jolly. A tight, strapping young
+fellow or girl was called a <i>swankie</i>, or <i>swanker</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_207">[207]</span></p>
+
+<h4>T.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Taine.</i> <i>Taine</i>, or <i>tane</i>, a token.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tifft.</i> <i>Tift</i>, a puff of wind.</p>
+
+<p><i>Toomey.</i> <i>Toom</i>, empty; <i>ig</i>, expressive of an adjective.
+Empty; unoccupied.</p>
+
+<h4>W.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Waley.</i> <i>Walie</i>, ample, large, jolly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wambold.</i> <i>Wam</i>, the womb, the belly; <i>bóld</i>, a house, a
+habitation. The womb-house; the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ward.</i> <i>Ward</i>, watch, sentinel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wark.</i> <i>Wark</i>, work.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warley.</i> <i>Warly</i>, worldly, eager in amassing wealth.
+Warlley, a cognate term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Warris.</i> <i>Warris</i>, wars.</p>
+
+<p><i>Whidden.</i> <i>Whidden</i>, running as a hare or cony.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wicht.</i> <i>Wicht</i>, powerful, strong, inventive, of superior
+genius.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wiel.</i> <i>Wiel</i>, a small whirlpool.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wrangham.</i> <i>Wrang</i>, wrong, to wrong; <i>hám</i>, a house.
+A wrong home; a wronged house.</p>
+
+<h4>Y.</h4>
+
+<p><i>Yerkes.</i> <i>Yerkes</i>, or <i>yerks</i>, present indicative third person
+singular of <i>yerk</i>, to lash, to jerk. Lashes; jerks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yetter.</i> <i>Yett</i>, a gate; <i>ere</i>, an agent. One who has charge
+of a gate; a gate-keeper. <i>Yett</i> was usually applied to a gate
+that commanded the entrance to a farm-yard or a field.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_208">[208]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="ADDENDA_ET_CORRIGIENDA">ADDENDA ET CORRIGIENDA.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3>A.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Acker.</i> <i>Acer</i>, an acre, a field. Aker, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ackley.</i> <i>Ác-lea</i>, from <i>ác</i>, an oak, and <i>leag</i>, a territory, a
+district. An oak-district. Oakley, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Acorn.</i> <i>Ác-cærn</i>, from <i>ác</i>, an oak, and <i>cærn</i>, a corn. An
+oak-corn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Adamson.</i> Hebrew <i>Adam</i>, red earth; A. S. <i>sun</i>, son.
+Son of Adam; son of red earth. Adams, contracted form
+of the word.</p>
+
+<p><i>Albertson.</i> <i>Albert</i>, from <i>æl</i>, all, and <i>beorht</i>, bright; <i>sun</i>,
+son. Son of Albert; son of the all-bright, or illustrious.
+Alberts, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Albright.</i> <i>Æl</i>, all; <i>beorht</i>, bright. All-bright; illustrious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alderson.</i> <i>Alder</i>, an author, an originator; <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of an author.</p>
+
+<p><i>Anderson.</i> Greek <i>aner</i>, French <i>andré</i>, a man; <i>sun</i>, son.
+Son of a man. Anders, Andrews, of like significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Antrim.</i> Irish <i>antrim</i>, land of caverns. Very closely
+allied to <i>antrum</i>, the Latin for cave, den, grot, lurking-place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Armstrong.</i> <i>Earm</i>, arm; <i>strong</i>, strong. Arm-strong.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ashburn.</i> <i>Æsc</i>, an ash-tree, a ship; <i>burne</i>, a bourn,
+stream, creek, river. A stream bordered by ash-trees; a
+river navigable by ships.</p>
+
+<h3>B.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Barrow.</i> <i>Beorh</i>, a heap, burrow or barrow, a heap of
+stones, a place of burial. Barrows, son of Barrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bartram.</i> <i>Beorht</i>, bright; <i>remn</i>, or <i>hrem</i>, a raven. A
+bright raven. Bertram, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_209">[209]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Becker.</i> <i>Béc</i>, a book; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A book-maker; a
+bookman. <i>Béc</i>, derivable from <i>béce</i>, a beech-tree, as books
+were first made out of the beech. Becher, a name of
+analogous significance.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beckman.</i> <i>Béc</i>, a book; <i>man</i>, a man. A bookman; a
+book-maker. Bechman, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beckley.</i> <i>Béc</i>, book, or <i>béce</i>, beech; <i>líc</i>, like. Book-like;
+resembling the beech.</p>
+
+<p><i>Berry.</i> <i>Berige</i>, or <i>berie</i>, a berry, a grape.</p>
+
+<p><i>Best.</i> <i>Best</i>, best, most.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bickel.</i> <i>Bicce</i>, a bitch; <i>el</i>, implying personality. A woman
+in disgrace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bickley.</i> <i>Bicce</i>, a bitch; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a bitch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bigg.</i> <i>Byge</i>, or <i>bige</i>, a corner, a bay. Perhaps, from <i>byggan</i>,
+to big, to build: hence, great, large in bulk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bigley.</i> <i>Byge</i>, a bay; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a bay.</p>
+
+<p><i>Birch.</i> <i>Birce</i>, or <i>byrce</i>, a birch-tree. Birkey, from the
+same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blackburn.</i> <i>Blæc</i>, black; <i>beorn</i>, a prince, a king. A black
+prince. Or, from <i>blæc</i>, black, and <i>byrne</i>, a coat of mail. A
+black coat of mail.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blade.</i> <i>Blæd</i>, a blade, leaf, branch, twig. It also signifies
+a blowing, blast, breath, life, a favorable wind, success, prosperity,
+honor, reward, fame, glory.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blading.</i> <i>Blæd</i>, a blade, a leaf; <i>ing</i>, expressive of action.
+Leaf-producing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blakeley.</i> <i>Blæc</i>, black; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling black.
+Blakely, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blakey.</i> <i>Blæc</i>, black; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Blackish.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blakiston.</i> <i>Blæc</i>, black; <i>isc</i>, an adjective termination
+denoting likeness; <i>tún</i>, town. A blackish town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blane.</i> <i>Blægen</i>, a pustule. <i>Blain</i>, perhaps, from the same
+root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blaney.</i> <i>Blægen</i>, a pustule; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Full of pustules.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_210">[210]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Blank.</i> <i>Blanc</i>, white. Blanke, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blankley.</i> <i>Blanc</i>, white; <i>líc</i>, like. White-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blee.</i> <i>Bleo</i>, color, hue, blee, complexion, beauty.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blue.</i> <i>Bleo</i>, blue, azure. Blew is, doubtless, from <i>bleow</i>,
+the past of <i>bláwan</i>, to blow, to breathe.</p>
+
+<p><i>Boot.</i> <i>Bót</i>, a boot, remedy, amend, atonement, offering,
+redress, compensation, cure. Boote, another spelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Booth.</i> Ir. <i>both</i>, a house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Borgman.</i> <i>Borg</i>, a loan, a pledge; <i>man</i>, a man. A man
+who receives a loan, or one who gives a pledge; a bondsman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bostick.</i> <i>Bósig</i>, a crib, a stall, a manger, a boose. Bostwick,
+from the same roots, both words, doubtless, being corruptions
+of the original.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bower.</i> <i>Búr</i>, a bower, cottage, dwelling, an inner room,
+bed-chamber, storehouse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bowman.</i> <i>Boga</i>, a bow, arch, corner, bending, band,
+horn, tail; <i>man</i>, a man. A bow-man; an archer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brick.</i> Ir. <i>brice</i>, French <i>brique</i>, a brick. Earth or clay
+formed into regular blocks and burnt in a kiln or baked in
+the sun.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bridge.</i> <i>Bricg</i>, or <i>brycg</i>, a bridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bradbury.</i> <i>Brád</i>, broad, vast; <i>beorh</i>, a barrow, or burrow.
+A vast barrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Braddock.</i> <i>Brád</i>, broad; Gothic <i>dok</i>, a deep or gulfy
+place. A broad dock. Or, from <i>brád</i>, broad; <i>docce</i>, a
+dock, a kind of plant. A broad-leaved dock.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bradford.</i> <i>Brád</i>, broad; <i>ford</i>, a ford. A broad ford.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bray.</i> Ir. <i>breáǵ</i>, fine. Or, from <i>breać</i>, ever.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brightly.</i> <i>Beorht</i>, bright; <i>líc</i>, like. Bright-like; with
+lustre; splendidly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bryan.</i> Ir. <i>briǵ</i>, virtue, vigor, force; <i>an</i>, a personal
+termination. A virtuous person; a man of vigor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Buckingham.</i> <i>Boccenham</i>, from <i>bóccen</i>, an adjective derived
+from <i>bócce</i>, a beech, and <i>hám</i>, a house. A beechen house;
+a house surrounded by beech trees.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_211">[211]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Burk.</i> <i>Bearoc</i>, from <i>bearo</i>, a grove, a wood, a hill covered
+with wood. Burke, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burkley.</i> <i>Bearoc</i>, a grove, a forest; <i>líc</i>, like. Forest-like.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burr.</i> <i>Búr</i>, a bower, dwelling, storehouse. Also, from
+French <i>bourre</i>, the down on herbs and fruits. Most properly,
+from the Anglo-Saxon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burrell.</i> <i>Búr</i>, a bower, a storehouse, a dwelling; <i>el</i>, a termination
+denoting both persons and inanimate objects. One
+who, or that which, dwells in a bower; a cottager; a storehouse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Burrow.</i> <i>Beorh</i>, a heap, a barrow, a heap of stones, a
+place of burial. Burrough, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<h3>C.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Cade.</i> Ir. <i>céad</i>, a hundred, first. Perhaps, from <i>cat́</i>,
+pronounced <i>cath</i>, or <i>cadh</i>, war, battle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cadic.</i> Ir. <i>céad</i>, first; <i>eać</i>, for <i>neać</i>, an agent. The first
+man. Caddy, from the same roots. Probably, from <i>cat́-aid́</i>,
+a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Callow.</i> <i>Calo</i>, or <i>caluw</i>, callow, bald, without hair.</p>
+
+<p><i>Camley.</i> Ir. <i>cam</i>, curved, crooked, bent; A. S. <i>líc</i>, like.
+Curved-like; crooked.</p>
+
+<p><i>Camp.</i> <i>Camp</i>, from Latin <i>campus</i>, a contest, battle, war,
+a camp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Campbell.</i> <i>Camp</i>, a camp; <i>bel</i>, a bell. A camp-bell. Possibly,
+from French <i>camp</i>, a camp, and <i>bel</i>, beautiful: hence, a
+beautiful camp.</p>
+
+<p><i>Canby.</i> <i>Can</i>, or <i>cann</i>, clearance; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. A
+clearance-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Capp.</i> <i>Cappa</i>, a cap, cope, priest’s garment.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carl.</i> <i>Carl</i>, a male; chiefly used before words to denote
+the male, as <i>cwén</i> does the female. <i>Carl-catt</i>, meaning a
+male cat, and <i>carl-fugol</i>, a male or cock bird. Later, <i>carl</i>
+came to signify man, a married man, as well as the male of
+any kind.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_212">[212]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Carley.</i> <i>Carl</i>, a male, a man; <i>líc</i>, like. Male-like; resembling
+a man; churlish. Carle, from the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carncross.</i> Ir. <i>carn</i>, a heap of stones; <i>cros</i>, a cross. A
+cross composed of a heap of stones.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carra.</i> Ir. <i>cara</i>, a friend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carritt.</i> Ir. <i>car</i>, dear; <i>aid́</i>, a termination indicative of
+personality. A dear person; a friend.</p>
+
+<p><i>Carter.</i> <i>Cræt</i>, or <i>crat</i>, a carriage, a cart; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One who drives a cart or carriage; a carter; a teamster. In
+Anglo-Saxon, <i>cræt-wǽn</i> was applied to a wain, a chariot. It
+is highly probable that <i>cræt</i> or <i>crat</i> is traceable through the
+Gaelic words <i>cairt</i> and <i>carr</i> to Latin <i>carrus</i>, a car, a
+chariot.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caskey.</i> Ir. <i>Caisg</i>, Easter; <i>eać</i>, an individual. One who
+celebrates Easter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Caton.</i> A. S. for the Latin <i>catus</i>, or <i>cautus</i>, cautious,
+weary, provident.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cilles.</i> <i>Cille</i>, a bottle; genitive <i>cilles</i>, of bottle. Belonging
+to a bottle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Conrad.</i> <i>Cón</i>, bold; <i>rǽd</i>, counsel, reason, opinion. Bold
+counsel; courageous opinion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Conway.</i> <i>Cón</i>, bold; <i>wæg</i>, a way, a passage. A bold
+passage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cormac.</i> Ir. <i>corb</i>, a chariot; <i>mac</i>, son. Son of a chariot;
+a charioteer. Cormick, Cormuck, barbarous spellings of the
+name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Coulter.</i> <i>Culter</i>, and not <i>colter</i>, a coulter. See <a href="#Page_67">page 67</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crawford.</i> <i>Cráw</i>, a crow, chough, jackdaw; <i>ford</i>, a ford.
+A crow-ford; a ford crossed by crows.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crock.</i> <i>Croc</i>, a crock, a pitcher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crook.</i> <i>Cruc</i>, a crook, a crutch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crookes.</i> <i>Crook</i>, Crook; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Crook.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crouch.</i> Corruption of <i>cruc</i>, a crook, a crutch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crowley.</i> <i>Cráw</i>, a crow; <i>líc</i>, like. Resembling a crow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Culbert.</i> <i>Col</i>, a helmet; <i>beorht</i>, bright. A bright helmet.
+Colbert, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_213">[213]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Curby.</i> <i>Cear</i>, anxious, careful; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. An
+anxious home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Curry.</i> Ir. <i>curam</i>, care (applied in Irish to all over whom
+one has charge); <i>eać</i>, an agent, and not <i>lać</i>. A supervisor.
+See <a href="#Page_22">page 22</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>D.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Dalby.</i> <i>Dál</i>, a dale, a valley; <i>bý</i>, a habitation. A valley-home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darby.</i> Common name for <i>Diarmoid</i> in Limerick and
+Tipperary. See <a href="#Dermod">Dermod, page 23</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darcey.</i> <i>Dearc</i>, or <i>deorc</i>, dark, dusky; <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+termination. Dark; dusky.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darkis.</i> <i>Dearc</i>, dark; <i>isc</i>, an adjective ending. Darkish;
+dusky.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darling.</i> <i>Deór</i>, dear; <i>ling</i>, a termination denoting state
+or condition of a person. A person that is dear, or beloved.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darlington.</i> <i>Darling</i>, Darling; <i>tán</i>, house. Home of
+Darling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Darley.</i> <i>Deór</i>, dear; <i>líc</i>, like. Dear-like; dearly.</p>
+
+<p><i>Davidson.</i> <i>David</i>, Hebrew for “beloved;” <i>sun</i>, son. Son
+of David. Davids, a contracted form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Davies.</i> <i>Davie</i>, Scotch for the Hebrew for “beloved;” <i>s</i>
+for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Davie. Davieson, unabbreviated name,
+and Davis, a contraction thereof.</p>
+
+<p><i>Daw.</i> <i>Dæg</i>, a day; <i>dawe</i>, Old English for the same. Day,
+of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dawson.</i> <i>Daw</i>, Daw; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Daw.</p>
+
+<p><i>Deacon.</i> <i>Deacon</i>, or <i>diacon</i>, a deacon, a levite.</p>
+
+<p><i>Deane.</i> <i>Deane</i>, the Danes: so called from <i>dene</i>, a valley,
+a plain, for they are dwellers in a vale or plain. <i>Dean</i>, as
+commonly applied, is the same as <i>deacon</i>, a levite.</p>
+
+<p><i>Denison.</i> <i>Denis</i>, French of the Greek <i>Dionysos</i>, god of
+Nysos; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Denis.</p>
+
+<p><i>Denn.</i> <i>Den</i>, a valley, a plain.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_214">[214]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Derby.</i> <i>Deór-bý</i>, from <i>deór</i>, a deer, a beast, and <i>bý</i>, a
+habitation. A deer-park.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dilg.</i> <i>Dilge</i>, present indicative of <i>dilgian</i>, to destroy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Donald.</i> Ir. <i>Donghal</i>, from <i>donn</i>, brown, and <i>gall</i>, stranger.
+Brown-haired stranger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Donaldson.</i> <i>Donald</i>, Donald; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Donald.</p>
+
+<p><i>Donnell.</i> Ir. <i>Domhnall</i>, possibly <i>Donghal</i>, from <i>donn</i>,
+brown, and <i>gall</i>, stranger. Brown-haired stranger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Donaghy.</i> Ir. <i>Donoghoc</i>, from <i>Donnachu</i>, which is from
+<i>donn</i>, brown, and <i>neać</i>, an individual, an agent. A brown-haired
+chief. Donnogh, Donahoe, Donahue, Donohoe,
+Donohue, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Douglass.</i> Ir. <i>dhu</i>, from <i>dub́</i>, black, dark; <i>glas</i>, green, gray.
+Dark green; dark gray.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dugall.</i> Ir. <i>dhu</i>, from <i>dub́</i>, black; <i>gall</i>, a stranger. A
+black stranger. Dugald, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Downes.</i> <i>Dúnes</i>, genitive of <i>dún</i>, a mountain, a hill.
+Belonging to a hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Douney.</i> <i>Dún-ig</i>, from <i>dún</i>, a mountain, a hill, and <i>ig</i>, an
+adjective ending. Mountainous; hilly. Downy, from the
+same derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Durburrow.</i> <i>Dur</i>, a door, a gate; <i>beorh</i>, a burrow, a place
+of burial. A door-burrow; a place of burial entered by
+door, or gate. Durborrow, Durborow, cognate terms.</p>
+
+<h3>E.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Earl.</i> <i>Eorl</i>, not <i>earl</i>, noble, earl, man. See <a href="#Page_68">page 68</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Earley.</i> <i>Eorl-líc</i>, from <i>eorl</i>, an earl, and <i>líc</i>, like. Earl-like;
+belonging to an earl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Easby.</i> <i>Eás</i>, genitive of <i>eá</i>, a river; <i>bý</i>, a habitation.
+Habitation of a river; banks of a river.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eastburn.</i> <i>East</i>, eastern; <i>burne</i>, a river. An eastern
+river.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eastman.</i> <i>East</i>, eastern; <i>man</i>, a man. An eastern man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eck.</i> <i>Éce</i>, eternal, perpetual, everlasting.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_215">[215]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Eckley.</i> <i>Éce-líc</i>, from <i>éce</i>, eternal, and <i>líc</i>, like. Eternal-like;
+everlasting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edgar.</i> <i>Eádg</i>, happy, prosperous, blessed, rich, perfect;
+<i>gár</i>, a dart, javelin, spear, weapon. A prosperous spear.
+<i>Eádg</i>, contraction of the adjective <i>eád-ig</i>, which is derivable
+from the substantive <i>eád</i>, prosperity, happiness. It is highly
+probable that <i>eád</i> is an altered form of <i>eard</i>, earth, a man’s
+prosperity and consequent happiness being measured by the
+extent of his earthly possessions. See <a href="#Page_68">page 68</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edmund.</i> <i>Eádmund</i>, from <i>eádg</i>, happy, and <i>mund</i>, hand,
+protection, defence. Happy defence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edson.</i> <i>Eádg</i>, rich; <i>sun</i>, son. Rich son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edward.</i> <i>Eádward</i>, from <i>eádg</i>, blessed; <i>weard</i>, guardian,
+watchman. A blessed guardian.</p>
+
+<p><i>Egge.</i> <i>Egge</i>, present indicative first person singular of
+<i>eggian</i>, to egg, to excite.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eglee.</i> <i>Egle</i>, troublesome, difficult, hateful. Or, from
+<i>egle</i>, a sprout, an ear of corn, a thistle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eggleson.</i> <i>Egle</i>, troublesome; <i>sun</i>, son. A troublesome
+son.</p>
+
+<h3>F.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Farley.</i> <i>Far-líc</i>, from <i>fær</i>, sudden, fortuitous, wonderful,
+and <i>líc</i>, like. Sudden; fortuitous; wonderful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ferguson.</i> <i>Fergus</i>, Fergus; <i>sun</i>, son, Son of Fergus.
+See <a href="#Fergus">Fergus, page 25</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fetter.</i> <i>Feoter</i>, or <i>fetor</i>, a fetter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fetterling.</i> <i>Feoter</i>, a fetter; <i>ling</i>, a termination denoting the
+state or condition of a person. Bondage.</p>
+
+<p><i>Finan.</i> Ir. <i>fionn</i>, fair, white; <i>an</i>, a personal ending. A
+fair person. Finian, kindred in derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fitler.</i> <i>Fit</i>, or <i>fitt</i>, a song; <i>lár</i>, lore, learning, law. Song-lore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Forder.</i> <i>Ford</i>, a ford; <i>ere</i>, an agent. On who, or that
+which, fords a stream.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fordham.</i> <i>Ford</i>, ford; <i>hám</i>, house. Ford-house.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_216">[216]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Fowler.</i> <i>Fugel-ere</i>, from <i>fugel</i>, a bird, a fowl, and <i>ere</i>, an
+agent. One who pursues or traps wild fowl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Freeborn.</i> <i>Freó-bearn</i>, from <i>freó</i>, free, and <i>bearn</i>, born. One
+free born.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fricka.</i> <i>Fríga</i>, Saxon Venus, the goddess of love. Or,
+which is more likely, from <i>fricca</i>, a crier or preacher. Frick,
+from the same radix. See <a href="#Frick">Frick, page 70</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frost.</i> <i>Frost</i>, or <i>forst</i>, frost.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fry.</i> <i>Frý</i>, free, having liberty or authority. Frye, of
+similar derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fuller.</i> <i>Fullere</i>, from <i>fullian</i>, to whiten, and <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One that whitens anything; a bleacher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fullerton.</i> <i>Fuller</i>, Fuller; <i>tún</i>, house. Home of Fuller.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fullom.</i> <i>Fúle-hám</i>, from <i>fúle</i>, foul, muddy, corrupt, and
+<i>hám</i>, a house. A muddy house; a corrupt home. Fullum,
+a cognate term.</p>
+
+<h3>G.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Gadd.</i> <i>Gád</i>, or <i>gǽd</i>, a point of a weapon, a prick, a goad.
+Also, from <i>gád</i>, want, need, deficiency.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gadsby.</i> <i>Gádes</i>, genitive of <i>gád</i>, want, deficiency, need;
+<i>bý</i>, a habitation. A needy home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gaff.</i> <i>Gaf</i>, base, vile, lewd.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gaffney.</i> <i>Gaf</i>, base; Ir. <i>neać</i>, an individual. A base
+person.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gale.</i> <i>Gale</i>, a nightingale, is from <i>galan</i>, to sing, to enchant.
+Galey, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Galen.</i> <i>Galen</i>, past participle of <i>galan</i>, to sing, to enchant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Garlic.</i> <i>Gár-leac</i>, from <i>gár</i>, a spear, and <i>leac</i>, a leek, an
+onion, an herb. Spear-leek; garlic.</p>
+
+<p><i>Garman.</i> <i>Gár</i>, a spear; <i>man</i>, a man. A spearman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Garret.</i> <i>Gár</i>, a spear; <i>rédhe</i>, cruel. A cruel spear.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gillingham.</i> <i>Gillinga-hám</i>, or <i>Gill-ingahám</i>, from <i>Gill</i>, Gill,
+and <i>ingahám</i>, residence of the sons. Home of the sons of
+Gill. See <a href="#Gill">Gill, page 27</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glade.</i> <i>Glade</i>, a river, a brook. Or, <i>glade</i>, gladly.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_217">[217]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Gladney.</i> <i>Glǽd</i>, purified, bright; Ir. <i>neać</i>, an individual.
+A purified person; a saint; an angel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Glenney.</i> <i>Glen</i>, a glen, a valley; Ir. <i>neać</i>, an individual.
+A dweller in a glen, or a valley.</p>
+
+<p><i>Guildford.</i> <i>Gild-ford</i>, from <i>gild</i>, a guild, society, or club
+where money was paid for support, and <i>ford</i>, a ford. A
+stock-ford.</p>
+
+<h3>H.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Haddock.</i> <i>Hacod</i>, by the inversion of the letters in the
+last syllable became <i>hadoc</i>, and signifies a pike, mullet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hadley.</i> <i>Heáfod-líc</i>, from <i>heáfod</i>, a head, and <i>líc</i>, like.
+Head-like; capital; chief. Headley, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haines.</i> <i>Heánes</i>, from <i>heáh</i>, high, and <i>nes</i>, a termination
+of feminine nouns denoting qualify or state. Highness;
+height; top; end; pinnacle; fortress.</p>
+
+<p><i>Haley.</i> <i>Heálig</i>, from <i>heáh</i>, high, and <i>ig</i>, an adjective ending.
+High; lofty. Or, from <i>hál</i>, healthy, sound, whole, and
+<i>ig</i>, implying an adjective. Healthy; sound; wholly; holy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hallowell.</i> <i>Heálig</i>, holy; <i>well</i>, a well. A holy well.
+Halliwell, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hambright.</i> <i>Hám</i>, home; <i>beorht</i>, bright. A bright home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hambrook.</i> <i>Hám</i>, home; <i>bróc</i>, a rivulet. A home rivulet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hancock.</i> <i>Hean</i>, worthless; <i>cocc</i>, or <i>coc</i>, a cock, a male
+bird. A worthless cock. See <a href="#Hancock">Hancock, page 72</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Handley.</i> <i>Handle</i>, that which is used by the hand. A
+handle; a haft. Hanley, a kindred term.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hane.</i> <i>Heán</i>, high, lofty, sublime, chief, noble, excellent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hanna.</i> <i>Heana</i>, poor, needy, humble, despised.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hansbury.</i> <i>Heán-burh</i>, from <i>heán</i>, high, lofty, and <i>burh</i>, a
+tower. A lofty tower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harbeck.</i> <i>Hár</i>, hoar, hoary, gray; <i>béc</i>, a book. A hoary
+book.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harbert.</i> <i>Hár</i>, hoary, gray; <i>beorht</i>, glistening. Glistening
+with gray.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harding.</i> <i>Heard</i>, hard; <i>ing</i>, implying action. Hardening.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_218">[218]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Hardick.</i> <i>Heard</i>, hard; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination.
+Hardy. Hardie, Hardy, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hare.</i> <i>Hara</i>, a hare. As hares are gray, the name was
+originally derived from <i>hár</i>, hoar, hoary, gray. <i>Hare</i>, an
+estuary, is a probable etymology.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hargis.</i> <i>Heregas</i>, armies, a host.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harmer.</i> <i>Hearm</i>, harm, damage, calamity; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One who, or that which, produces harm. Perhaps, from
+<i>harma</i>, a sling to support a wounded arm, an arm that has
+been harmed or damaged.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hay.</i> <i>Hoeg</i>, or <i>hég</i>, hay.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hayes.</i> <i>Haye</i>, Hay; <i>s</i> for sun, <i>son</i>. Son of Hay.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hazel.</i> <i>Hæsel</i>, or <i>hæsl</i>, a nut-tree, hazel. <i>Hæsel</i>, also,
+signifies a hat. The husk of the hazel-nut resembles a hat,
+but whether the plant took its name from the form of the
+covering of the nut, or the hat received its name from its
+resemblance to the covering, is a question. We incline to the
+latter belief.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heany.</i> <i>Heane</i>, poor, needy, humble, worthless, despised.
+Heeny, from the same root.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heberton.</i> <i>Heber</i>, a goat; <i>tún</i>, a house. A goat-house.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heller.</i> <i>Helle</i>, clear, eminent; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A man of
+eminence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Heppe.</i> <i>Heope</i>, a hip, fruit of the dog-rose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Herman.</i> <i>Here-man</i>, from <i>here</i>, an army, and <i>man</i>, a man.
+An army-man; a soldier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hill.</i> <i>Hill</i>, or <i>hyll</i>, a hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hilles.</i> <i>Hilles</i>, or <i>hylles</i>, genitives of <i>hill</i> and <i>hyll</i>, a hill.
+Belonging to a hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hocker.</i> <i>Hocer</i>, or <i>hocor</i>, mocking, reproach.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hood.</i> <i>Hód</i>, a hood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hodge.</i> <i>Hog</i>, prudent, careful, anxious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hodgson.</i> <i>Hog</i>, prudent; <i>sun</i>, son. A prudent son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Holcombe.</i> <i>Hol</i>, a hole, cavern, den; <i>comb</i> a valley. A
+cavernous valley.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_219">[219]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Holden.</i> <i>Healden</i>, past participle of <i>healdan</i>, to hold,
+rescue, fasten, rule, govern. Held; ruled; governed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Holland.</i> <i>Hol</i>, a hole, a cavern; <i>land</i>, region. A cavernous
+land. Or, <i>hol</i>, hollow; land, <i>land</i>. A hollow land.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hookey.</i> <i>Hóc</i>, or <i>hooc</i>, a hook, a stick, or iron bent at the
+end; <i>iht</i>, an adjective termination. Hooked.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hoopes.</i> <i>Hópes</i>, genitive of <i>hóp</i>, a hoop, circle, company.
+Belonging to a hoop.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hough.</i> <i>Hoh</i>, or <i>hó</i>, a heel, hough, ham.</p>
+
+<h3>I.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Inger.</i> <i>Ing</i>, Ing; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A descendant of Ing.
+According to Teuton mythology, Ing was the son of Tuisco,
+and is, without doubt, the name-father of the Anglo-Saxon
+and English.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ingham.</i> <i>Ing</i>, Ing; <i>hám</i>, house. Home of Ing.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ingram.</i> <i>Ing</i>, Ing; <i>remn</i>, or <i>hrem</i>, a raven. Ing’s raven.</p>
+
+<h3>K.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Kane.</i> Ir. <i>cat́on</i>, pronounced <i>cahon</i>, from <i>cat́</i>, battle, and
+<i>an</i>, a termination denoting a personal noun. A warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kindall.</i> <i>Cyn</i>, or <i>cin</i>, suitable; <i>dál</i>, valley. A suitable
+valley. Kendall, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kettle.</i> <i>Cetel</i>, a kettle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kidder.</i> <i>Cidan</i>, to contend, quarrel, chide; <i>ere</i>, an agent.
+One who chides; a chider.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kille.</i> <i>Cile</i>, cold, coldness. Or, more likely, <i>cille</i>, a
+battle.</p>
+
+<p><i>King.</i> <i>Cyng</i>, king, ruler, prince.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kingsbury.</i> <i>Cynges</i>, genitive of <i>cyng</i>, king; <i>beorh</i>, a city.
+King’s city.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kingston.</i> <i>Cynges</i>, genitive of <i>cyng</i>, a king; <i>tún</i>, town.
+King’s town.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kitchen.</i> <i>Cicene</i>, a kitchen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knapp.</i> <i>Cnæpp</i>, a top, cop, knop, button.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_220">[220]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Knauf.</i> <i>Cnáfa</i>, one begotten, an offspring, a son, boy,
+youth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knaup.</i> <i>Cnápa</i>, son, boy, youth.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knight.</i> <i>Cniht</i>, a boy, youth, attendant, a military follower.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knoll.</i> <i>Cnoll</i>, a knoll, a hill, top, cop, summit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knott.</i> <i>Cnott</i>, a knot, a fastening, knitting.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knowles.</i> <i>Cnolles</i>, genitive of <i>cnoll</i>, a knoll, a hill. Belonging
+to a knoll, or hill.</p>
+
+<h3>L.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Landes.</i> <i>Landes</i>, genitive of <i>land</i>, land, ground, earth,
+field, country. Belonging to the country. Landis, of cognate
+derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lang.</i> <i>Lang</i>, long, tall.</p>
+
+<p><i>Langfeld.</i> <i>Lang</i>, long; <i>feld</i>, a field. A long field.</p>
+
+<p><i>Langham.</i> <i>Lang</i>, long; <i>hám</i>, home. Long home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Langley.</i> <i>Lang-líce</i>, from <i>lang</i>, long, and <i>líce</i>, form. Form
+of long; a long time.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lapp.</i> <i>Lappa</i>, a lap, border, hem, piece, portion.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lark.</i> <i>Lauerc</i>, or <i>lawerc</i>, a lark.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lau.</i> <i>Láu</i>, a relict, a widow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lawman.</i> <i>Lah</i>, law; <i>man</i>, a man. A man of the law;
+a lawyer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lawson.</i> <i>Lah</i>, law; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of the law; a lawyer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lea.</i> <i>Lea</i>, or <i>leag</i>, a law, a territory or district in which a
+particular law or custom was in force. See <a href="#Lea">Lea, page 75</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Leak.</i> <i>Leac</i>, a leek, an onion, garlic, an herb.</p>
+
+<p><i>Light.</i> <i>Liht</i>, light, bright, not heavy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lightham.</i> <i>Liht</i>, bright; <i>hám</i>, home. A bright home.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lillie.</i> <i>Lilie</i>, a lily. Lilly, from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lillig.</i> <i>Lilige</i>, a lily.</p>
+
+<p><i>List.</i> <i>List</i>, wisdom, science, power, faculty, art, deceit.</p>
+
+<p><i>Loos.</i> <i>Lús</i>, pronounced <i>loos</i>, a louse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lord.</i> <i>Laueord</i>, or <i>hláford</i>, a lord, a master, a ruler.</p>
+
+<p><i>Love.</i> <i>Lóf</i>, praise. Or, from <i>luf</i>, love, favor, grace.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_221">[221]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Lovely.</i> <i>Lóf</i>, praise; <i>líc</i>, like. Praise-like; lovely. Or,
+from <i>luf-líc</i>, lovely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Luff.</i> <i>Luf</i>, love, favor, grace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lunger.</i> <i>Lunger</i>, immediate, quick.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lust.</i> <i>Lust</i>, desire, will, power, pleasure, delight, exultation.</p>
+
+<h3>M.</h3>
+
+<p><i>McAlpin.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>ailpin</i>, from <i>ailp</i>, a lump, a
+height, and <i>in</i>, implying a diminutive. Son of a small lump,
+or height.</p>
+
+<p><i>McArthur.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>Arthur</i>, Anglicised form of
+Ir. <i>ard</i>, high. Son of Arthur; son of the high.</p>
+
+<p><i>McBride.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>briǵ</i>, virtue, vigor, force. Son
+of virtue; son of force. Anglo-Saxon <i>bride</i> is, doubtless,
+traceable to Ir. <i>briǵ</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCadden.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>cat́in</i>, pronounced <i>cathin</i>, or,
+possibly, corrupted into <i>cadhin</i>, a warrior. Son of a warrior.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCandless.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; Anglo-Saxon <i>candeles</i>, genitive
+of <i>candel</i>, a candle. Son of a candle. Candle is from
+the Latin <i>candeo</i>, I burn.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCarrick.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>Carrick</i>, Carrick. Son of
+Carrick. See <a href="#Carrick">Carrick, page 21</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCartney.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>cairt</i>, a cart; <i>neać</i>, an agent.
+Son of a carter.</p>
+
+<p><i>McClay.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; A. S. <i>clæg</i>, clay. Son of Clay;
+son of clay.</p>
+
+<p><i>McClerk.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; A. S. <i>clerc</i>, a clerk, a priest. Son
+of a priest.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCombes.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; A. S. <i>combes</i>, genitive of <i>comb</i>,
+a valley. Son of a valley. McComb, McCombs, McCoomb,
+McCoombs, of kindred derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCoon.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; A. S. <i>coones</i>, genitive of <i>coon</i>,
+bold. Son of the bold.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCord.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>coird</i>, genitive of <i>cord</i>, a string.
+Son of a string.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_222">[222]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>McCormac.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>cormac</i>, from <i>corb</i>, a chariot,
+and <i>mac</i>, a son; hence, a charioteer. Son of a charioteer.</p>
+
+<p><i>McCourt.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>cuirte</i>, genitive of <i>cuirt</i>, a yard,
+an enclosed place. Son of an enclosed place. McCort,
+from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>McDade.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; A. S. <i>dǽde</i>, genitive of <i>dǽd</i>,
+deed, action. Son of action.</p>
+
+<p><i>McFeat.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>fearte</i>, genitive of <i>feart</i>, a feat, an
+achievement. Son of achievement.</p>
+
+<p><i>McFeeters.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; A. S. <i>fæteres</i>, genitive of <i>fæter</i>,
+a fetter. Son of a fetter.</p>
+
+<p><i>McGade.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; A. S. <i>gádes</i>, genitive of <i>gád</i>, a
+goad, a prick. Son of a goad.</p>
+
+<p><i>McManus.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>manus</i>, most likely a corruption
+of A. S. <i>mannes</i>, genitive of <i>mann</i>, a man. Son of a man.</p>
+
+<p><i>McMaster.</i> Ir. <i>mac</i>, son; <i>maiǵistera</i>, genitive of <i>maiǵister</i>,
+a master. Son of a master.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mader.</i> <i>Mædere</i>, or <i>mæddere</i>, madder.</p>
+
+<p><i>Madge.</i> <i>Mæge</i>, a kinswoman, a daughter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Madison.</i> <i>Mæge</i>, genitive of <i>mæge</i>, a maid. Son of a maid.</p>
+
+<p><i>Maiden.</i> <i>Mæden</i>, a maiden, a virgin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mallow.</i> <i>Malwe</i>, or <i>malu</i>, mallow. Mallow, name of a
+species of malvaceous plant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mear.</i> <i>Mear</i>, a field. Also, from <i>mear</i>, or <i>mearh</i>, a horse.
+See <a href="#Mear">Mear, page 76</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mease.</i> <i>Measse</i>, the mass, a feast, a festival.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mennig.</i> <i>Menigo</i>, a multitude, a host.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mennis.</i> <i>Mennisc</i>, human, manlike, mortal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Merrill.</i> <i>Mere</i>, the sea; Ir. <i>aill</i>, a wall, a cliff. A sea-wall;
+a sea-cliff.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mood.</i> <i>Mód</i>, mind, disposition, mood, passion, violence,
+force.</p>
+
+<p><i>Moody.</i> <i>Mód-ig</i>, from <i>mód</i>, mind, and <i>ig</i>, an adjective
+ending. Proud; courageous; bold; irritable; moody.
+Moodie, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_223">[223]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Moon.</i> <i>Món</i>, pronounced <i>moon</i>, wickedness. Or, from
+<i>móna</i>, the moon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mooney.</i> <i>Mon-ig</i>, from <i>móna</i>, the moon, and <i>ig</i>, an island.
+Mona Island; Isle of the Moon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Morley.</i> <i>Mǽr-líc</i>, from <i>mǽr</i>, great, high, lofty, exalted,
+illustrious, famous; <i>líc</i>, like. Noble; lofty; glorious.</p>
+
+<p><i>Morning.</i> <i>Morgen</i>, the morning, morrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Morrow.</i> <i>Morhgen</i>, or <i>morgen</i>, the morning, morrow.</p>
+
+<p><i>Morton.</i> <i>Mór</i>, moor, heath; <i>tún</i>, town. A moor-town; a
+town built on a moor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Moss.</i> <i>Meos</i>, moss.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mott.</i> <i>Mot</i>, a mote.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mould.</i> <i>Molde</i>, mould, earth, dust.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mund.</i> <i>Mund</i>, a hand, a protection, fence, defense, security.</p>
+
+<p><i>Munder.</i> <i>Mund-bora</i>, from <i>mund</i>, protection, and <i>bora</i>, a
+bearer. A bearer of protection; a protector.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mundy.</i> <i>Mundig</i>, from <i>mundean</i>, to remember, and <i>ig</i>, an
+adjective termination. Mindful.</p>
+
+<h3>N.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Nutt.</i> <i>Hnut</i>, a nut.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nuttall.</i> <i>Hnut-hule</i>, from <i>hnut</i>, a nut, and <i>hule</i>, hull or
+husk. A nut-hull.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nutter.</i> <i>Hnut</i>, a nut; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A nut-gatherer.</p>
+
+<h3>O.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Oakey.</i> <i>Ác</i>, an oak; <i>ig</i>, an adjective termination, Oaky;
+like oak; hard as oak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oakford.</i> <i>Ác</i>, an oak; <i>ford</i>, ford. The ford of the oak.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oakley.</i> <i>Ác-lea</i>, from <i>ác</i>, oak; <i>lea</i>, a place. An oak place.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oat.</i> <i>Áta</i>, an oat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oats.</i> <i>Oat</i>, Oat; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Oat.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oatis.</i> <i>Áta</i>, an oat; <i>isc</i>, resembling. Resembling an oat.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_224">[224]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Oldham.</i> <i>Eald</i>, old, ancient; <i>hám</i>, house. An ancient
+home. Oldam, contracted form of the name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Olding.</i> <i>Eald</i>, old; <i>ing</i>, expressing action. Growing old.</p>
+
+<p><i>Otter.</i> <i>Oter</i>, or <i>otor</i>, an otter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Otterson.</i> <i>Oter</i>, an otter; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of an otter.</p>
+
+<h3>P.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Palmer.</i> <i>Palm</i>, a palm; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A palm-bearer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Park.</i> <i>Parruc</i>, or <i>pearroc</i>, a park. Parke, a kindred name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Parker.</i> <i>Parruc</i>, a park; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A keeper of a
+park.</p>
+
+<p><i>Parkerson.</i> <i>Parker</i>, Parker, <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Parker.</p>
+
+<p><i>Parkhill.</i> <i>Parruc</i>, a park; <i>hyll</i>, a hill. A park hill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pearl.</i> <i>Pærl</i>, a pearl.</p>
+
+<p><i>Peak.</i> <i>Peac</i>, or <i>pic</i>, a peak, point, top, head. Peck, doubtless,
+from the same radix.</p>
+
+<p><i>Perkin.</i> <i>Peter-kin</i>, from Greek <i>Peter</i>, a rock; A. S. <i>cyn</i>,
+a relative. Peter’s relative.</p>
+
+<p><i>Perkins.</i> <i>Perkin</i>, Perkin; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Perkin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Peters.</i> Greek <i>Peter</i>, a rock; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>. Son of Peter; son
+of a rock. Peterson, from the same roots.</p>
+
+<p><i>Pinn.</i> <i>Pinn</i>, a pen.</p>
+
+<h3>Q.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Quernin.</i> <i>Cwéorn</i>, a mill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Querner.</i> <i>Cwéorn</i>, a mill; <i>ere</i>, an agent. A miller.</p>
+
+<h3>R.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Riddle.</i> <i>Hriddel</i>, a sieve, a riddle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ridgway.</i> <i>Ricg</i>, a ridge; <i>wæg</i>, a way. A ridge-way; a
+way along a ridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roberts.</i> <i>Rodor-beorht</i>, from <i>rodor</i>, heavens, and <i>beorht</i>,
+bright; <i>s</i> for <i>sun</i>, son. Son of the heavenly bright. Robertson,
+a lengthened form of the same name.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_225">[225]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Robinson.</i> <i>Robin</i>, endearing name for Robert; <i>sun</i>, son.
+Son of Robin; son of the heavenly bright. Robbinson,
+Robbins, of like derivation.</p>
+
+<p><i>Robson.</i> <i>Rob</i>, Robb; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Robb. Robb,
+contraction of Robbin, title of endearment for Robert—heavenly
+bright. Robeson, of like kinship.</p>
+
+<h3>S.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Scofield.</i> <i>Sceawe</i>, a show; <i>feld</i>, a field. A show-field. See
+<a href="#Scofield">Scofield, page 99</a>, which contains two errors.</p>
+
+<p><i>Shourds.</i> <i>Sceardes</i>, genitive of <i>sceard</i>, a sheard, division.
+Belonging to a sheard.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sowden.</i> Anglo-Norman <i>soudan</i>, from Moorish <i>soldan</i>, a
+prince. A prince; a sultan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sumpter.</i> Anglo-Norman <i>summere</i>, a sumpter horse; and
+<i>sumpter</i>, a horse that carries clothes, furniture, etc. Going
+back to the original, from the Latin <i>sumo</i>, I take, <i>sumptum</i>,
+to take, with Anglo-Saxon <i>ere</i>, an agent: that is, one that
+takes or carries.</p>
+
+<h3>T.</h3>
+
+<p><i>Thomason.</i> <i>Thomas</i>, Thomas; <i>sun</i>, son. Son of Thomas.
+In the Hebrew, <i>Thomas</i> signifies a twin. Thompson, of like
+derivation and meaning.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tolbert.</i> <i>Tohl</i>, or <i>tól</i>, a tool; <i>beorht</i>, bright. A bright tool.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tolley.</i> <i>Tohl-líc</i>, from <i>tohl</i>, a tool, and <i>líc</i>, like. Tool-like.
+Or, from <i>toh-líc</i>, compounded of <i>toh</i>, tough, clammy, and <i>líc</i>,
+like. Clammy.</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<p class="center">Transcriber’s Note: The book cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 77230 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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author	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2025-11-13 18:34:59 -0800
committer	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2025-11-13 18:34:59 -0800
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