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diff --git a/old/68890-0.txt b/old/68890-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1fb3563..0000000 --- a/old/68890-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6970 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Dogs of all nations, by W. E. Mason - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Dogs of all nations - -Author: W. E. Mason - -Release Date: September 1, 2022 [eBook #68890] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from - images generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DOGS OF ALL NATIONS *** - - - - - - PATRONS ARE INFORMED THAT GREAT CARE HAS BEEN EXERCISED IN ASSEMBLING - THE SPECIMENS COMPRISING THE “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” EXHIBIT AND MOST OF - THEM MAY BE PURCHASED. - - APPLY TO PROPRIETOR, - W. E. MASON, “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS,” - PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION, - SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. - - EUROPEAN OFFICE— - 407 LORD STREET, SOUTHPORT, ENG. - - - - - DOGS - OF ALL - NATIONS - - - _By W. E. MASON_ - -[Illustration] - -A COMPLETE WORK, PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED, BEARING ON THE WORLD’S DIFFERENT -VARIETIES OF THE DOG, GROUPED UNDER THEIR SEVERAL NATIONALITIES, WITH -DESCRIPTIVE MATTER EXPLAINING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILITY OF -EACH ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ - - - - - In Grateful Recognition - - of the patronage bestowed on his effort to assemble a representative - collection of all known breeds of dogs at - - The Panama-Pacific International Exposition 1915 - - the author respectfully dedicates this work to the following members of - - The English Peerage - - - The Earl of Lonsdale, J. P., D. L. - The Earl of Huntington, D. L. - The Duke of Beaufort, A. D. C., J. P., D. L. - The Marquis of Linlithgow. - Lord Viscount Hemsley. - Lord Vivian, P. C., G. C. M. G., C. B. - Lord Middleton, J. P., C. A., R. A. - Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, K. C. V. O. - Lord Fitzhardinge, J. P., D. L. - Sir Wm. Savory, Bart. - Sir Edmund Chaytor, Bart. - Sir Wyndham Hanmer, Bart., J. P., D. L. - Sir Daniel F. Gooch, Bart., J. P. - Sir M. Bromley-Wilson, Bart. - The Duchess of Hamilton. - Lady Viscountess Malden. - Lady Viscountess Valletort. - Lady Sophie Scott. - Lady Fairbairn. - Lady Muriel Worthington. - Lady V. Lacon. - -[Illustration] - - - - - Preface - - -The world-wide and constantly increasing interest in dogs prompts the -author to present in concise form, and at a price within the reach of -all, a description and illustration of every variety now known to be -breeding true to type. - -An attempt is also made to group them in Nationalities, though, since it -is admitted that the origin of certain varieties is somewhat obscure, no -arbitrary lines can be laid down in this respect. Originality as to -descriptions is not, in many instances, claimed by the author, though -where the occasion seemed to call for it, modern ideals have been -incorporated in the text. On the contrary, he acknowledges with thanks -the services rendered by the following accepted authorities: - - Stonehenge - Count Henry A. Graaf Van Bylandt - Theo. Marples - Dr. Caius - -Unless otherwise stated, the maximum sizes of the various breeds have -been given. Bitches may be taken as about ten per cent lighter than the -dogs. Owing to the exigencies of space the descriptions have been -confined to color, size, head, ears, eye, tail and general appearance. -Dogs, all the world over, more or less, are intended to be straight and -strong on the legs, possessed of well padded feet and in other ways -endowed with working qualifications. - -The author’s object will have been attained if the subject, in the form -presented, is found acceptable to dog lovers who have not the leisure to -study the more exhaustive works on dogs. - - - - - English Breeds - - - BLOODHOUND - BULLDOG - BULLDOG (Miniature) - ENGLISH FOXHOUND - TRAIL HOUND - HARRIER - BEAGLE - COLLIE (Rough-coated) - COLLIE (Smooth-coated) - RETRIEVER (Flat-coated) - RETRIEVER (Curly-coated) - RETRIEVER (Golden) - POINTER - ENGLISH SETTER - ENGLISH SPRINGER - SUSSEX SPANIEL - CLUMBER SPANIEL - WATER SPANIEL - FIELD SPANIEL - COCKER SPANIEL - FOX TERRIER (Smooth-coated) - FOX TERRIER (Wire-haired) - ENGLISH GREYHOUND - WHIPPET - BULL TERRIER - BULL TERRIER (Miniature) - AIREDALE TERRIER - BEDLINGTON TERRIER - MANCHESTER TERRIER - MANCHESTER TERRIER (Miniature) - MASTIFF - WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER - WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER (Miniature) - OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG - OTTERHOUND - YORKSHIRE TERRIER - TOY SPANIEL (King Charles) - TOY SPANIEL (Prince Charles) - TOY SPANIEL (Ruby) - TOY SPANIEL (Blenheim) - - -[Illustration] - - BLOODHOUND - -Color: Black and tan, red and tan, and tawny; the darker colors being -sometimes interspersed with lighter or badger-colored hair and sometimes -flecked with white. Too much white is objectionable. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 90 lbs. - -The Bloodhound possesses in remarkable degree every point and -characteristic of those dogs which hunt together by scent. He is very -powerful and stands over more ground than is usual with hounds of other -breeds. The skin is thin to the touch, and extremely loose, this being -more especially noticeable about the head and neck, where it hangs in -deep folds. His temperament is extremely affectionate, neither -quarrelsome with companions nor with other dogs, and he is somewhat shy -and sensitive. - - -[Illustration] - - BULLDOG - -Color: White or white with black mask or muzzle, brindle, red, fawns -(fallows, occasionally pied and mixed colors). - -Weight: A. exceeding 55 lbs.; B. exceeding 45 lbs.; C. not exceeding 45 -lbs. - -Until by law abolished, the Bulldog was used for bull baiting. In -general appearance the bulldog should be a low-set, heavy-boned, -smooth-coated dog built on broad and powerful lines. His head should be -strikingly massive and large in proportion to the dog’s size, the face -extremely short, muzzle very broad, blunt and inclined upwards, body -short and well knit, the limbs stout and muscular, hind quarters very -high and strong, but rather lightly made in comparison with its heavily -made foreparts. The dog conveys an impression of determination, strength -and activity. - -The Bulldog may be said to occupy the pride of place amongst the -non-sporting varieties. Furthermore, it is one of the oldest of them and -has been selected by the British themselves to typify the national -character and is often termed the national breed. Certain it is that he -conveys a “what we have we’ll hold” impression, and for a dogged, -determined, courageous and tenacious symbol one could not imagine any -breed filling the role more aptly. - - - BULLDOG (Miniature) - -Weight: Not exceeding 22 lbs. - -The points and characteristics of this sub-division of the British -bulldog may be summed up in the simple statement that it should be an -exact duplicate in miniature of the larger specimen in every point and -detail, excepting size. - - -[Illustration] - - ENGLISH FOXHOUND - -Color: Not of great moment so long as it is not wholly black or wholly -white. The favorite color is black and hare-tan, distributed in large -patches on a white ground. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 85 lbs. - -A clean-cut, powerful hound. He has oblique and well laid-back -shoulders, gracefully arched neck, good spring of rib, strong loins, and -powerful hindquarters. - -Skull should be flat, of medium width, the muzzle long, rather narrow -and deep and square at the end, with large nostrils. He is endowed with -extraordinary bone and hard, cat-like feet. - - -[Illustration] - - TRAIL HOUND - -Color: White with red, brown or yellow patches. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 46 lbs. - -This is a well built and symmetrical dog with a large head, domed in -skull, “stop” not too pronounced, occipital bone fairly well developed -and with good length of muzzle. The eyes are rather small and brown in -color. Nose sharp with open nostrils. The ears are set on low and lay -close to the head. The back is strong and muscular, and chest deep. Legs -straight, long and muscular. Stern is of medium length, carried higher -than the back and the coat short and dense. - - -[Illustration] - - HARRIER - -Color: Any hound color. - -Height: 18 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -The leading features of Harriers are long heads, free from “stop,” -square muzzles, sloping shoulders, straight forelegs, round cat-like -feet, short backs, well sprung ribs, strong loins, and sound -hindquarters with well bent stifles. - - -[Illustration] - - BEAGLE - -Color: Blue mottle, black tan and white, black and tan, lemon and white -or any other hound color. - -Height: 15 in. - -The beagle is without doubt one of the oldest distinct breeds we have. - -Beagles to be very choice can scarcely be bred too small. Although far -inferior in speed to the harrier the sense of smelling is equally if not -more exquisite in the beagle. - -The short back, compact body, straight legs, round feet, powerful loins, -nicely placed shoulders, and the true beagle head is a beautiful thing -to look upon. - -There are also the “pocket” beagle, which stands not more than 11 in. -high and a rough or wire-haired variety, though now very scarce. They -are hardy and useful in a rough country. - - -[Illustration] - - COLLIE - (Rough-Coated) - -Color: Any color is accepted provided the markings do not disfigure. The -most popular colors are sable, with its many varying shades, and white -markings, black with white and tan markings, and blue merles. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -The collie is a lithe, active dog, and is remarkable chiefly for his -intelligent, cunning, yet kindly outlook, his magnificent coat and the -devotion he displays to his master. The elegance of his outline is quite -distinct from any other breed and shows great strength and activity. The -head should be moderately long, proportionate to the size of the dog, -with a flat skull moderately wide between the ears, and a very slight -elevation at the eyebrows, and very little “stop.” The muzzle should be -well filled up before the eyes. The ears are small and when at attention -should be carried semi-erect, with the tips turning slightly outwards. -The eyes are a most important feature in this breed. They should be -almond-shaped, not too large or too small, set obliquely in the head, -and of a dark hazel color. The blue merles should have a merled or -“China” eye, though this is not an essential. On the size, color and -placing of the eyes, together with the size and placement of the ears -depends the expression and characteristic outlook which is so -appreciated by connoisseurs. The neck should be long, body fairly short, -with well sprung ribs, chest deep and forelegs straight. Any tendency to -cow-hocks in the hind legs should be penalized. The tail should be -fairly long, carried low when in repose, and straight or gaily when -excited. The coat, except on the mask, tips of ears and legs where it is -smooth, should be very abundant, especially around the neck and chest, -where it should form a distinct cape and frill. A dense undercoat is -also very essential. - - -[Illustration] - - COLLIE - (Smooth Coated) - -The smooth collie is identical with his rough-coated brother, excepting -that the coat should be short, dense and flat, with an abundance of -undercoat. - - -[Illustration] - - FLAT-COATED RETRIEVER - -Color: Rich black, free from rustiness and from white. There is also a -Golden Retriever so named because of the golden or yellow color of his -coat. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 68 lbs. - -The symmetry and elegance of this dog are considerable and essential, -and he has a decidedly sporting character. The head should be long with -the skull wide and flat at the top, and slight furrow down the middle. -Eyes of medium size, dark brown or hazel in color with a bright -intelligent and mild expression indicating a good temper. The neck long -and muscular, chest broad and deep with well developed and well sprung -ribs. The tail should be bushy but not feathered, carried gaily but not -curled over the back. His coat should be fairly long, bright, close and -thick, and either straight or slightly waved. - - -[Illustration] - - CURLY-COATED RETRIEVER - -Color: Black or liver, a white patch on chest is objectionable. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 68 lbs. - -A strong, smart dog moderately low on leg, active, lively, beaming with -intelligence and expression. The head should be long and narrow for the -length, the eyes should be rather large and cannot be too dark. Chest -not too wide but decidedly deep, back muscular and rather short with -powerful loins, straight forelegs and plenty of bone. The coat should be -formed of small tight curls all over the body much resembling the -Astrachan. - - -[Illustration] - - POINTER - -Color: A predominance of white is most favored by sportsmen. Liver and -white, lemon and white, and black and white are also quite common. Whole -colors black, liver and various shades of yellow are also quite correct. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -The Pointer is an elegantly shaped dog, symmetrical and well built all -over, of great strength and endurance, yet full of refinement and very -speedy. The leading essentials of a good Pointer are pace, endurance, -intelligence, and powers of smell. The head should be fairly long and -broad at the skull, muzzle long and well filled up. Eyes soft and dark -brown in color. Ears soft and hanging gracefully. Neck well arched and -long, free from dewlap or throatiness. Ribs well arched. Loins and hind -quarters very muscular. The stern must be strong at the root and free -from the slightest approach to curl at the tip. - - -[Illustration] - - ENGLISH SETTER - -Color: Black and white ticked, with large splashes and more or less -marked with black, known as blue belton; orange and white, ticked as in -the blacks and blues; liver and white, ticked in similar manner; black -and white, with tan markings; orange or lemon with white ticks; black -and white; liver and white. Pure white, black, liver and red or yellow -are occasionally seen but not desirable. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -This dog owns an elegant outline. The skull is moderately narrow between -the ears, with prominent occiput, a decided brow over the eyes, with -long muzzle. The eyes should be dark brown in color, and are full of -animation. Ears small, thin and soft, carried close to the cheeks. The -neck should be slightly arched, but must not be throaty, chest deep and -wide, tail should be carried with a gentle sweep downwards, and well -feathered with straight silky hair. The coat is soft and silky without -curl, and he should have plenty of feather on both fore and hind legs. - - -[Illustration] - - CLUMBER SPANIEL - -Color: Creamy white with lemon markings; orange markings not so typical. - -Height: 18 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -This is a long, low, massive dog, with a thoughtful expression. The -skull is large, massive and broad on top, with decided occiput, heavy -brow and deep stop. The muzzle should be of medium length, square and -with flews well developed. His orange brown eyes are of medium size and -deep set. The ears are large and pointed at the tip and the hair on them -should be straight. His neck is thick and powerful, well feathered -underneath, and his body is long, strong and barrel-like and the hind -quarters very powerful and muscular. The stern is docked, well -feathered, low set, and carried level with the back, and his coat is -abundant, soft and straight. - -The Clumber is said to have been evolved by one of the Dukes of -Newcastle at Clumber Castle, in Nottinghamshire, England, from which -connection he takes his name. - -The breed is also affected by other influential members of the English -peerage, which, together with his dignified bearing and classical -lineage, account for being dubbed the aristocrat of the spaniel family. -The Clumber differs from all other varieties of the Spaniel in that he -is considerably heavier and more massive and therefore less active and a -slower dog in the field. For this reason he is used largely by sportsmen -who do not care to travel as fast as the more agile varieties work. - -Albeit as an all-round hunter the Clumber is probably without his equal -and is excellent alike both as a field and water dog. - - -[Illustration] - - ENGLISH SPRINGER - -Color: Almost any color. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -This dog is leggier in comparison to any other field spaniel and has a -short and symmetrical body, long head, square muzzle, rather narrow -skull, and low-set ears. He combines strength with activity, courage -with docility, and all the characteristics of a workman and gentleman -combined, but without his vices. The coat is thick, firm and smooth or -slightly wavy, and must not be too long. - - -[Illustration] - - SUSSEX SPANIEL - -Color: A deep shaded golden liver. - -Height: 16 in. - -Weight: 45 lbs. - -In appearance the Sussex Spaniel is a sedate and thoughtful looking dog -when at rest but is full of life and activity when at work. The skull is -massive and heavy for his size with the forehead projecting over the -eyes. The jaws are long and square with flews fairly well developed and -nostrils large and of liver color. The eyes should be hazel in color, -large and soft in expression and should not show any haw. Ears large and -well furnished with silky hair. The body is long and round, with chest -deep and ample. The hind quarters are very muscular. The stern should be -docked to about 6 in. in length, set low, with a downward action and -well feathered. A low carriage of tail is most desirable. The coat is -straight or slightly wavy, thick, soft and abundant. - - -[Illustration] - - FIELD SPANIEL - -Color: Jet black throughout, a little white on chest, though a drawback, -should not disqualify. - -Height: 15 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -This is a moderately low and long dog, sound in the hind limbs, with -well sprung ribs and strong quarters. The head should be long and level -on top, with some stop. The skull should be narrow and the muzzle deep -and square. The ears are set on low and moderately long. The eye should -always be dark. The coat is flat, dense and glossy, with a fair amount -of feathering. Excessive feathering is objectionable. - - -[Illustration] - - COCKER SPANIEL - -Color: Jet black. A white, short frill is not disqualified but is not -desirable. Other colors—liver, lemon, red or any of these colors with -white or tan or both. - -Height: 12 in. - -Weight: 25 lbs. - -This dog should be shaped like a setter in miniature, but he is more -merry and alert in expression and behavior. It is essential that he -should combine small size with great activity. The skull is fairly long -and forehead raised. Color of eyes varies according to the color of the -coat, but should always be mild in expression. The ears are of moderate -size, broad rather than long and fairly well covered with hair. His neck -is long, clean, arched, and muscular, with well developed body and very -strong hind quarters. The stern is docked, carried downwards, and has a -perpetually vibrating movement, a sort of restless quivering, peculiar -to his breed. The coat is smooth or slightly wavy, very dense but not -very long. - - -[Illustration] - - FOX TERRIER - (Smooth Coated) - -Color: White should predominate; brindle, red or liver markings are -objectionable. - -Height: 16 in. - -Weight: 20 lbs. - -This dog generally presents a gay, lively and active appearance. He must -also possess speed and endurance, and the symmetry of an English -Foxhound. He must on no account be leggy, and like a well built hunter -cover plenty of ground without being long in the body. The skull is flat -and moderately narrow, ears V-shaped and small, dropping forward close -to the cheek, jaws strong and muscular. Eyes dark in color, small, full -of fire and intelligence, neck clean and muscular without throatiness, -chest deep but not broad, and the back should be short, straight and -strong. His legs viewed in any direction must be straight, well boned -throughout, and short and straight at the pasterns. His feet should be -round and compact, tail set on rather high, always docked, and carried -gaily, but not over the back or curled, and should be well coated. His -coat is straight, flat, smooth, hard, dense and abundant. - - -[Illustration] - - FOX TERRIER - (Wire-haired) - -This variety is identical with the smooth-coated Fox Terrier, except in -the matter of coat, which should be broken, and the harder and more wiry -the texture the better. On no account should it look or feel woolly or -silky. The coat should not be too long so as to give him a shaggy -appearance. - - -[Illustration] - - ENGLISH GREYHOUND - -Color: Any color, but those preferred are black, red or brindles, fawn, -blue and slates. - -Height: 27 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -The Greyhound’s head should be fairly wide between the ears and of good -length. The muzzle is long and lean. The eyes are full, bright and -penetrating, giving one the idea of high spirits and animation. The ears -are set well back on the head, small and folding when at rest, but -raised when in action. The neck is fairly long, arched and very -flexible. The shoulders should be as oblique as possible. Chest wide and -deep, back powerful and arched, loins strong, broad and deep, and the -hind legs very muscular, somewhat long, the stifles strong and well -bent, and very muscular thighs. The tail is long, fine and nicely -curved. A terse description of this dog is contained in the following -couplet: - - The head of a snake, - The neck of a drake, - A back like a beam, - A side like a bream, - The tail of a rat, - And the foot of a cat. - - -[Illustration] - - WHIPPET - -This dog is a greyhound in miniature. The weights of the racing whippet -vary from 10 to 23 lbs., the best running weight being about 16 lbs., -which is also considered the best size for an ideal show specimen. - - -[Illustration] - - BULL TERRIER - -Color: Pure white. - -Height: 18 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -This is a symmetrically built dog and the embodiment of agility, grace, -elegance and determination. He is styled by some as the Gladiator of the -canine race. Certainly he is plucky, yet generations of training have -made him the easiest of dogs to control. The skull is flat and wide -between the ears, and there should be no stop. The jaws are long and -very powerful, eyes small, very black and of almond shape. Ears when not -cropped should be small and carried semi-erect. The neck is long and -slightly arched without any loose skin. Chest wide and deep with well -sprung ribs, back short and muscular, tail short, set on very low down, -thick at the root, and tapering to a fine point, and must never be -carried over the back. The coat is short, close and stiff to the touch, -with a fine gloss. - - -[Illustration] - - TOY BULL TERRIER - -This dog should resemble the bull terrier in every respect except as to -size. - -Height, 12 in. - -Weight, 15 lbs. - - -[Illustration] - - AIREDALE TERRIER - -Color: The head and ears, with the exception of dark markings on each -side of skull, should be rich tan, as also should be the legs to the -thighs and elbows. The body should be black or dark grizzle. - -Height: About 24 in. - -Weight: About 50 lbs. - -This dog is of a fairly recent creation. He is a sensible and -companionable dog, game to the core and a fine guard. He has a well knit -frame, great bone for his size, a long punishing jaw and lean head, with -a keen expression and a wiry, weather resisting coat. His ears should be -small and V-shaped. The tail is set on high and carried gaily, but not -curled over the back. The coat is hard and wiry but not so long as to -appear ragged. It should be straight and close. - - -[Illustration] - - BEDLINGTON TERRIER - -Color: Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, sandy and -tan. - -Height: 16 in. - -Weight: 24 lbs. - -In general appearance the Bedlington is a lightly built, lathy dog, but -not shelly. The skull is narrow, deep and rounded, high at the occiput, -covered with a nice silky tuft or top-knot. His muzzle must be long and -tapering. The eyes are small, placed obliquely, and close together, and -in shade should follow the color of the dog. The ears are moderately -large, placed low, thinly covered and tipped with fine silky hair, and -filbert shaped. The neck is long and chest deep, though not wide. The -back should be slightly arched, and the body well ribbed up. The tail is -thick at the root and scimitar shaped. The coat is a mixture of hard and -soft hair, of the stand-off variety, and crisp to the touch. - - -[Illustration] - - MANCHESTER TERRIER - -Color: Jet black and rich mahogany tan. The position of the tan markings -is important. The muzzle should be tanned to the nose. A bright spot on -each cheek and above each eye and the under-jaw and throat are tanned -with a distinct black V mark immediately under the jaw. The fore legs -should be tanned up to the knee, with black lines up each toe, and a -black “thumb” mark above the foot. The insides of the hind legs tanned, -but divided with black at the hock joint. The under part of the tail is -also tanned, and there should be a light tan mark at each side of the -chest. Tan outside of hind legs, commonly called “breeching,” is a -serious defect, and in all cases the black should not run into the tan, -or vice versa. The two colors should be well defined. - -Height: 17 in. - -Weight: 20 lbs. - -This is a good boned dog with the appearance of speed and activity -rather than of strength, and he should be free of any approach to the -whippet type. Head should be long, flat and narrow at skull, level and -wedge-shaped, and well filled up before the eyes, which should be small, -brilliant and dark. The ears if cropped should be carried erect. Chest -narrow and deep, body moderately short with well sprung ribs. The tail -is rather short and should not be carried higher than the back, and the -coat is close, smooth, short and glossy. - -In the opinion of many the ban of the English Kennel Club, which now -prohibits the cropping of dogs’ ears, has seriously impaired the -popularity of this breed, as it is claimed that drop ears, no matter how -small and neatly they may be carried, compare unfavorably with the smart -appearance conveyed by neatly cropped ears. None the less a tremendous -amount of suffering unquestionably has been prevented as a result of the -English Kennel Club’s ruling, and all good sportsmen will endorse its -decision. - -TOY MANCHESTER TERRIER - -This dog should resemble his larger brother in every respect except that -he should be under ten inches in height and under six pounds in weight. - - -[Illustration] - - MASTIFF - -Color: Apricot or silver fawn or dark fawn brindle. In any case the -muzzle, ears and nose should be black, with black shadings around the -orbits extending upwards between them. - -Height: 28 in. - -Weight: 170 lbs. - -This is a large, massive, powerful dog, with symmetrical and well knit -frame, a combination of grandeur, good nature, courage and docility. The -head offers a square appearance when viewed from any point. Great depth -is much desired. The skull is broad between the ears, with muscles on -the temples and cheeks well developed. There should be a depression up -the center of the forehead. The muzzle is short, blunt and square. The -eyes are small, wide apart, with stop between the eyes well marked, and -of a hazel-brown color, showing no haw. The ears are small, thin, set on -high and lay flat to the cheeks. The chest is wide and deep and the back -wide and muscular with great depth of flanks. His tail is thick at the -root and hangs straight in repose. The coat is short and close laying. - -The Mastiff is one of the very oldest breeds known to the British Isles. -The Assyrian kings possessed a large dog of decided Mastiff type and -used it for lion hunting. Credible authorities point to a similarity, -also, between the Mastiff and the fierce Molorsian of the ancient -Greeks, and it is claimed by many students that the breed was introduced -into Britain in the sixth century B. C. by adventurous Phoenician -traders. - -WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER - -Color: Pure white. - -This terrier should resemble the Manchester terrier illustrated on the -previous page in every respect excepting in regard to color, which -should be a pure white. - - -[Illustration] - - OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG - -Color: Any shade of gray, grizzle or blue with or without white -markings. Height: 24 in. Weight: 65 lbs. - -This is a strong, compact dog, profusely coated, with a characteristic -ambling when trotting, and owns a thick-set, muscular short body, -liberal bone, and a most intelligent expression. The skull is capacious, -squarely formed, and well covered with hair. The eyes vary in color -according to the shade of the dog. A “wall” or “China” eye is considered -typical. The small ears are carried flat to the side of his head. Many -are bred tailless, if otherwise they are docked close. The coat is -profuse, of good hard texture, not straight, but shaggy, yet free from -curl. He should have plenty of undercoat. - -This breed is also of very early origin and has been bred in England for -some hundreds of years. He is probably a relic of the early pastoral -days when the wolf inhabited the British isles, from which the flocks -and herds had to be protected. Some authorities claim, however, that he -is a descendant of the Russian Owtchar. - -WHITE ENGLISH TOY TERRIER - -This Toy Terrier should resemble the white English Terrier mentioned on -the previous page in every respect except as regards size, which should -be under ten inches high and under 6 lbs. weight. - - -[Illustration] - - OTTERHOUND - -Color: Grizzle and tan, blue and tan, yellow or red. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 90 lbs. - -The Rough-Coated Otterhound’s head should be large, but not showing -quite the peak of the bloodhound, long with strong and powerful jaws, -the whole appearance being sedate and intelligent. The eye should be -dark, the haw sometimes showing, but this is not a defect of the breed. -His long and pendulous ears are set on close to the head and covered -with hair short and fine in texture. The coat is hard, crisp, and not -too long, having also a close, woolly, water-resisting undercoat. - - -[Illustration] - - YORKSHIRE TERRIER - -Color: On the head a beautiful golden tan, much darker on the ears. The -back and tail should be dark blue inclining to silver, the latter color -extending over the other portions of the body, excepting the legs, which -should be a golden tan. - -There are two classes for weight, under 5 lbs., and over 5 lbs. but not -exceeding 12 lbs. - -This is a long-coated pet dog, the coat hanging quite straight and -evenly down each side with a parting extending from the nose to the end -of the tail. His general appearance is one of compactness and neatness, -with a sprightly and important bearing. The head is rather small and -should be flat. The hair should be very long on his muzzle and chin, of -a rich tan shade, and on no account intermingled with dark or sooty -hair. The ears when cropped are carried quite erect; when not cropped, -semi-erect. His body is very compact, and level on back. The tail is cut -to a medium length and should be well covered with dark blue hair, -especially at the end. The coat should be as long as possible, straight -and glossy as silk, and not wavy or woolly. - - -[Illustration] - - TOY SPANIEL - -Weight: Not exceeding 10 lbs. - -The color of this dog varies with his breed, there being four varieties: -A. The King Charles; B. Tri-color, or Prince Charles; C. Ruby; D. -Blenheim. - -The King Charles is a rich glossy black, with deep tan spots over the -eyes and on the cheeks. - -The Tri-color or Prince Charles should have the tan of the King Charles -with markings like the Blenheim in black instead of red, on a pearly -white ground, the ears and under the tail should be lined with tan, and -he has no “spot.” - -The Ruby is a rich chestnut red and a few white hairs intermixed on his -chest carries great weight against him, as they do on the chest of the -King Charles. - -The Blenheim must on no account be whole colored, but should have a -ground of pure pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or Ruby -markings, evenly distributed in large patches, and should have a spot on -the forehead. - -Strictly speaking this breed might, with some justice, be classed with -the Spanish breeds, as unquestionably the King Charles Spaniel -originally hailed from that country, but since the early part of the -seventeenth century certain families of the English nobility have -affected him and it is equally true to assign the production of the -other three varieties to their influence and breeding operations. - -The King Charles’s compactness of shape almost rivals that of the Pug. -He has a broad back and wide chest. The head is well domed, and in good -specimens is semi-globular, and the skull should project over the eyes, -so as to nearly meet the upturned nose. The eyes are set wide apart, are -large and dark, with enormous pupils. The stop is well marked, some good -specimens exhibiting a hollow. The nose is short and well turned up and -should be both deep and wide with open nostrils. The ears must be long -so as to almost touch the ground, are set low on the head, and be -heavily feathered. The coat is long, silky, soft and wavy, but not -curly. In the Blenheim there should be a profuse mane. The feathering -should be well displayed on the ears and feet, and on the King Charles -the feathering is very long and profuse. The feathering on the tail -(which is cut to the length of three or four inches) should be silky, -forming a marked “flag” of a square shape, and must not be carried above -the level of the back. - - - - - Irish Breeds - - - IRISH WOLFHOUND - IRISH TERRIER - KERRY BEAGLE - IRISH SETTER - IRISH WATER SPANIEL - - -[Illustration] - - IRISH WOLFHOUND - -Color: Gray, red, black, pure white, fawn and brindle. - -Height: 35 in. - -Weight: 150 lbs. - -This dog though not as heavy and massive as the Great Dane is more so -than the Deerhound. He has a commanding appearance and is very muscular, -strongly though gracefully built, with movements easy and active. The -head is long, skull not too broad, and muzzle moderately pointed. Eyes -dark in color, ears small and of the greyhound type, neck very strong, -muscular and well arched, with a long back and muscular thighs. The tail -is long and slightly curved and well covered with hair. Coat should be -rough and hard on the body, legs and head, and especially long and wiry -over the eyes and under the jaw. - -This breed is undoubtedly of great antiquity and was freely bred and -used hundreds of years ago in Ireland for the hunting of wolves. When -wolves became extinct the breeding of Irish Wolfhounds came to its -lowest ebb, but during the last twenty years great strides have been -made to resuscitate, and it is now one of the most popular of the large -varieties on the show bench. - - -[Illustration] - - IRISH TERRIER - -Color: Whole colored bright red, red, wheaten or yellow-red. A little -white is permissible on chest and feet, but is not desirable. - -Height: 18 in. - -Weight: 24 lbs. - -The outstanding feature of this dog is a style of physiognomy and -expression peculiarly his own. The head is a little longer than the fox -terrier’s, his eyes hazel rather than very dark, and so set as to give -him the sort of dare-devil expression for which he is so famous. The -ears are small and V-shaped and drop forward close to the cheek. The -back should be strong, with loins broad and powerful. The stern is -generally docked, should be well covered with rough hair but free from -feathering. The coat is hard, wiry, straight and flat. - - -[Illustration] - - KERRY BEAGLE - -Color: Black and tan, blue mottled and tan, black tan and white, tan and -white. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 45 lbs. - -A well built and muscular dog. Head of moderate length, broad in skull, -slightly arched from eyes to point of nose, with long round muzzle. The -eyes are large, bright and intelligent, varying in color from bright -yellow to a deep brown. Ears large, pendulous, falling below the neck -and set on low. Chest deep but not broad. Back strong, moderate in -length and muscular. The stern is long and evenly furnished with hair, -thick at the root and carried curved upwards. The coat is hard, close -and smooth. - - -[Illustration] - - IRISH SETTER - -In the leading essentials, this dog is similar to its English brother. -The main difference between the two is that the head of the Irish dog is -not quite so long in proportion and the occipital bone not so well -developed. His eyes, too, are lighter, and show less haw, and his -expression, like that of the Irish Water Spaniel and the Irish Terrier, -is different than any English variety. In fact it is a characteristic -purely Irish expression. - - -[Illustration] - - IRISH SPANIEL WATER - -Color: A pure deep liver without any white. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -This is a highly intelligent dog with a rare combination of power and -activity. The skull is capacious with forehead prominent. Ears are set -on low, are long and well feathered. The neck muscular, body well -ribbed, chest deep and broad. The stern is thick at the root, is short -and tapers to a fine point, and is carried quite stiff and straight. It -should be covered with short, smooth hair, and present a whip-like -appearance. The coat is oily and on the body composed of small crisp -ringlets, on the head is a pronounced top-knot of long ringlets. The -mask is perfectly smooth. - - - - - Scottish Breeds - - - SKYE TERRIER (prick-eared) - SKYE TERRIER (drop-eared) - WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER - SCOTTISH TERRIER - SCOTTISH DEERHOUND - GORDON SETTER - DANDIE DINMONT - CAIRN TERRIER - SHETLAND SHEEPDOG - BEARDED COLLIE - - -[Illustration] - - SKYE TERRIER - (Prick-eared) - -Color: Dark or light blue or gray, or fawn with black points. Ears much -darker than the body. - -Height: 9 in. - -Weight: 18 lbs. - -This is a dog of long and low structure. The skull is wide at front of -brow, narrows between the ears and tapers gradually toward the muzzle. -The eyes should be hazel color and set close together. Ears small, -carried nearly erect, and the neck long. The back should be level and -slightly declining from hip to shoulders, and should be very long and -low. The tail should hang perpendicular with a slight backward curl at -the end. This dog’s coat should be long, hard, straight and flat, with a -short, dense woolly undercoat. The hair on the head is shorter and -softer than on the rest of the body, and should veil the forehead and -eyes. - - -[Illustration] - - SKYE TERRIER (Drop-eared) - -The drop-eared Skye Terrier is identical with his prick-eared brother in -every respect, except that the ears are a little larger, should hang -straight down, lying flat at the side of the head, and incline a little -towards the front. - - -[Illustration] - - WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER - -Color: Pure white. - -Height: 12 in. - -Weight: 17 lbs. - -In general appearance this dog is a small, game, hardy-looking terrier, -with a varminty appearance, strongly built, with straight back on -muscular legs. The coat should be about two and one-half inches long, of -a hard texture, with plenty of undercoat, and no tendency to wave or -curl. The tail should be straight, carried not too gaily, covered with -hard hair, but not bushy. The ears are small and as pointed as possible, -and carried absolutely erect. Eyes of moderate size, dark hazel in -color, widely placed, with a sharp, bright, intelligent expression. The -muzzle should be long and powerful. - - -[Illustration] - - SCOTTISH TERRIER - -Color: Steel or Iron-gray, Black-brindle, Brown-brindle, Gray brindle, -Grizzled, Black, Sandy and Wheaten. - -(White markings are objectionable.) - -Height: 12 in. - -Weight: 20 lbs. - -In general appearance this dog should appear to be higher on the leg -than he really is. He should look compact, be possessed of great muscle -in the hind quarters, and be powerfully put together throughout. He -should own a sharp, bright, and active expression, and head should be -carried well up. Skull should be long, slightly domed, very powerful -muzzle and very little stop. Eyes of dark hazel color, set wide apart, -small, piercing and very bright. Ears small and erect, and sharp -pointed, and covered with a velvety hair. The neck is short, thick and -muscular. Chest broad, body short and well ribbed up, and exceedingly -strong in hind quarters. The tail is never docked and should be carried -gaily. The coat is about two inches long on the body, dense, hard and -wiry in texture. - - -[Illustration] - - DEERHOUND - -Color: Dark blue-gray, brindles, yellow and sandy, red or red fawn, -especially if with black points. White is objectionable. - -Height: 30 in. - -Weight: 100 lbs. - -In general form the deerhound should be like a greyhound, but heavier -and wiry coated. The head is long and the muzzle tapers decidedly toward -the nose. The skull should be flat with no stop. The eyes are dark brown -or hazel, and convey a soft look in repose, but a keen far-away -expression when the dog is aroused. The ears are set on high and should -fall back. A prick ear is bad, and a thick ear hanging flat to the head -or heavily coated is an even worse fault. The neck is fairly long and -very strong, and should carry sufficient coat to form a mane. The chest -is deep rather than broad, and the tail is fairly long and carried -straight down or curved when in repose. The coat on the body, neck and -quarters should be harsh and wiry, and about three or four inches long. -The Deerhound should be a shaggy dog. A woolly coat is bad. - - -[Illustration] - - SHETLAND SHEEPDOG - -This variety is of recent origin, the questionable intention being to -evolve a toy collie. The weights aimed at are from 7 to 10 lbs., and the -colors and conformation throughout should follow the collie as nearly as -possible. Considerable strides have already been made in this direction, -though the author does not regard the nature and disposition of a collie -as suitable for lap-dog purposes. - - -[Illustration] - - DANDIE DINMONT - -Color: Pepper or mustard. The peppers range from a dark bluish-black to -a light silvery-gray. The mustards vary from a reddish brown to a pale -fawn, the head being a creamy white. - -Height: 10 in. - -Weight: 18 lbs. - -This is a terrier of considerable antiquity. He is very game and a dog -of exceptional power and pluck, yet endowed with an abundance of common -sense and docility. He should be round in skull, full in eye, which -should be a rich dark hazel. This dog should be strong in jaw, with -short, stout legs, and long weasel-shaped body, with a soft linty coat -and top-knot. A point strongly demanded is the size and carriage of his -ears, which should be almond-shaped, set on low, smooth-coated, with -edges fringed with longer hair, and lay very close to the head. - - -[Illustration] - - CAIRN TERRIER - -Color: The most appreciated colors are rich red-brindle and silver-gray -brindle. Black mask and muzzle very desirable. - -Height: 10 in. - -Weight: About 12 lbs. - -This smart terrier is today one of the most popular of all the terrier -varieties. The head is fairly capacious for his size, ears are small and -carried erect, eye small, dark and of the peculiar keen “cairn” -expression not found in any other breed; well sprung in ribs, abundance -of bone and straight fore legs. The coat should be harsh and as dense as -possible. - - -[Illustration] - - GORDON SETTER - -Color: Red and black, with rich dark mahogany markings. The tan should -appear on lips, cheeks, throat, spots over the eyes, underside of ears, -front of chest, and the lower part of both fore and hind legs. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -In general appearance this is a well built and elegant dog, heavier than -the English setter. His head too is much heavier in construction. The -occiput is well developed, eyes lustrous, intelligent and full, ears set -on low and close to the upper neck. Neck should be fairly long and not -throaty, tail rather short and scimitar-like and nicely feathered. The -coat is straight or slightly waved, not curly and not so fine as that of -the English Setter. - - -[Illustration] - - BEARDED COLLIE - -The points of the Highland or Bearded Collie are identical with the Old -English Sheep dog except that he has a tail of moderate length and which -is carried low. - -He is famous as a worker of sheep and cattle and is endowed with great -intelligence and highly prized in both the highlands and lowlands of -Scotland, equally for his companionship and faithful service as a guard -to either homestead or flock. - - - - - Welsh Breeds - - - WELSH TERRIER - SEALYHAM TERRIER - WELSH SPRINGER - WELSH HOUND - - -[Illustration] - - WELSH TERRIER - -Color: Black and tan or black-grizzle and tan, free from black penciling -on toes. - -Height: 15 in. - -Weight: 20 lbs. - -This is a well-built, game, plucky terrier, with a smart and active -appearance. The skull is flat, fairly wide between the ears, and with a -fairly strong muzzle. The eyes are of a dark hazel color, are small and -indicate abundant pluck. Ears are V-shaped, small, set on fairly high -and carried forward close to the cheek. Back should be short and well -ribbed, and the hindquarters strong and the thighs muscular. The tail is -set on high and should not be carried too gaily. The coat is wiry, hard, -very close and abundant. White patches should disqualify. - - -[Illustration] - - SEALYHAM TERRIER - -Color: White with tan or brown patches, but such are not desirable. - -Height: 10 in. - -Weight: 16 lbs. - -This dog was formerly known as the Border or Cowley terrier, and has -within recent years become very popular on account of his workmanlike -terrier qualifications. He should possess a long head with punishing -jaw, and be endowed with abundant whiskers. His ears are carried like -the fox terrier’s, eye small and dark, well sprung ribs, body fairly -long, immense bone for his size, short on the leg and hard weather -resisting coat. - - -[Illustration] - - WELSH SPRINGER - -Color: Red or orange and white. - -Weight: Not more than 42 lbs. - -As a worker this dog has no superior. He owns a well balanced head, -grand spring of rib, and powerful hind quarters. He may best be -described as a large Cocker Spaniel. His eyes should be hazel or dark -brown and should not show any haw. The ears are comparatively small and -hang close to the cheeks. His coat is straight or flat and thick. - -The Welsh Springer has been bred and preserved in its purity for -hundreds of years. As a worker he has no superior, no day being too long -and no covert too difficult for the endurance and pluck of the gay -Cambrian Springer. - - -[Illustration] - - WELSH HOUND - -Color: Grizzle-red with white patches and with white markings like the -English Foxhound, Harrier and Beagle. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 75 lbs. - -A symmetrically built dog on racy lines. His head is of good length, -domed in skull and rather long muzzle. The eyes are small, brown and -intelligent in expression. The ears are often rounded and lay close to -the head. Neck long, clean and muscular without dewlap. Back strong and -broad, deep in the chest and very muscular in thighs and hindquarters. -Tail should be carried gaily, thick at the root and well furnished with -hard hair. The coat is hard, wiry, crisp and water resisting. - - - - - British Colonial Breeds - - - GAZELLE HOUND (India) - LHASSA TERRIER (India) - TIBETAN MASTIFF (India) - RAMPUR GREYHOUND (India) - BANJARA (India) - BARB (Australia) - AUSTRALIAN TERRIER (Australia) - KANGAROO GREYHOUND (Australia) - MALTESE TERRIER (Malta) - NEWFOUNDLAND, Black (Newfoundland) - NEWFOUNDLAND, other than Black (Newfoundland) - HUSKIE (Canada) - LABRADOR (Canada) - - -[Illustration] - - GAZELLE - -Color: Self-colored black and the different shades of fawn and dirty -white. - -Height: 29 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -A big dog built on delicate and elegant lines. The head is fine, lean -and bony. Skull long and slightly domed. Eyes mild, intelligent and dark -brown, like the gazelle. Ears are long, hang close to the head and are -abundantly coated. The neck is long, chest deep, back straight, long and -strong, and tail is of fair length. The coat is smooth and very soft and -the ears and tail are covered with long, wavy, silky hair. - - -[Illustration] - - LHASSA TERRIER - -Color: Black, dark grizzle, slate, sandy, or mixture of these colors -with white. - -Height: About 11 in. - -Weight: About 14 lbs. - -The head is distinctly terrier-like, with narrow skull, which falls away -in a marked degree behind the eyes. The eyes are dark brown in color. -Ears set on low and carried close to the cheeks. Body not too short, and -well ribbed up. The legs are short, with a tendency to crookedness. The -tail is carried over the back. A low carriage is considered a sign of -impure blood. The coat is of good length, straight and very dense with a -strong growth on the skull, and the legs should be well coated right -down to the toes. - - -[Illustration] - - TIBETAN MASTIFF - -Color: Black and tan, red with black saddle, mahogany red, or all black. -White is sometimes seen on the chest and toes. - -Height: Not less than 30 in. Weight: Not less than 160 lbs. - -This is a large, powerful and noble-looking animal, in aspect -courageous, grim and earnest. The skull is broad and arched, with -prominent occiput. His small eyes are dark brown in color, and often -show the haw. The deep wrinkles around the eyes give him a sullen, -savage look. Ears set on high, hang straight down, and not too long. His -neck is short and powerful, the hair on it standing up like a mane. The -tail is short, bushy and usually carried over the back, and his coat is -soft, thick, long and straight, with a woolly undercoat. - - -[Illustration] - - RAMPUR GREYHOUND - -Color: Mouse-gray. - -Height: 30 in. - -Weight: 75 lbs. - -This is a powerfully built greyhound, with a long, strong skull, flat -between the ears, without any stop and has powerful jaws. His light -yellow eyes give him a hard and cruel expression. His ears are fairly -large and are filbert shaped. The body is somewhat coarse, of fair -length. Chest very deep and back slightly arched. When in action the -tail is carried horizontally and the end slightly curled upwards. His -coat is like that of a freshly clipped horse, if longer is a sign of -impure blood. - - -[Illustration] - - BANJARA - -Color: Self-colored, sandy, light fawn, and the various shades of gray. -Without white if possible, but a little white on chest and toes does not -disqualify. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 45 lbs. - -This dog is indigenous to the North of India, is as hard as nails in -constitution, somewhat rough and rugged in outlook, but a well-built, -symmetrical dog, possessed of considerable speed. His expression should -be very keen and wicked, especially when roused. Head is long and flat, -well filled up before the eyes, with a strong punishing jaw. The ears -lay flat on the cheeks and are filbert shaped. His small eye is close -set, and the color varies to the shade of the dog’s coat. The body is -moderately long and falls away a good deal to the set-on of the tail, -which also is set on low and carried with an upward sweep. His coat is -very thick and dense and close lying, soft to the touch but not silky. - - -[Illustration] - - BARB - (The Australian Sheep Dog, often called the Kelpie) - -Color: All black. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 54 lbs. - -A well-built, medium-sized dog with a head like the Pomeranian or -Schipperke. His almond-shaped, dark eyes convey an intelligent -expression. The ears are pricked, neck long and well arched, back -straight, chest deep but not too wide, and well developed loins. The -tail is of medium length and carried rather high, and his coat is of -fair length, straight and harsh. - -This dog is extensively used by Australian and New Zealand shepherds in -the work-a-day life on their sheep ranches. His intelligence and -adaptability as a working sheep dog is said to be even more pronounced -than the best English, Welsh or Scotch exponents. Furthermore, he has -been bred in some quarters so that he cannot bark. - - -[Illustration] - - AUSTRALIAN TERRIER - -Color: Blue or gray body, tan on legs or face, with a top-knot of blue -or silver. Clear sandy or deep red. - -Height: 10 in. - -Weight: 15 lbs. - -This is a rather low-set dog, compact and active. The head is long, full -between the eyes with a top-knot of soft hair. Eyes small, keen and of -dark color. Ears small, set high on skull, free from long hairs, and may -be either cropped or uncropped. The tail is docked. The coat should be -straight and of wiry texture. - - -[Illustration] - - KANGAROO GREYHOUND - -Color: All colors. Black not desirable. - -Height: 29 in. - -Weight: 66 lbs. - -In general appearance he resembles the English Greyhound, but is heavier -built. The skull is broader between the ears and more domed and the ears -are not set so high as those of the English dog. His eyes are brown and -intelligent. Neck slender, muscular and slightly arched. Back long and -strong, with short, arched and muscular loins, and his hindquarters are -well developed and very muscular. The tail is long and fine and carried -downwards and his coat is smooth and fine, though sometimes coarser on -the body. - - -[Illustration] - - MALTESE - -Color: Pure white, without shade or tint. - -Height: From 8 to 12 in. - -Weight: Under 12 lbs.; the smaller the better. - -This is a bright, spritely, active dog of very taking character. His -head is much like that of a drop-eared Skye Terrier in miniature, but -rather shorter and thicker in muzzle. The ears are moderately long and -are covered with long, silky hair, and his eyes are very dark and -piercing. He is short and cobby in back, and legginess should be -avoided. The tail is short, well feathered, particularly towards the -end, and carried gracefully over the back. - - -[Illustration] - - NEWFOUNDLAND (Black) - -Color: A. Jet black with a slight tinge of brown or a splash of white on -chest and toes is not objectionable. B. Black and white, or white and -black. Beauty in markings is of great consideration. C. Self-colored -bronze. - -Height: 27 in. or more. - -Weight: 100 lbs. or more. - -This dog should impress the eye with strength and great activity. He is -a free mover for his size and should be sound on his legs. The head is -broad, massive, flat, with the occiput well developed. There is no -decided stop and the muzzle should be short and rather square in shape. -The eyes are small, dark brown, showing no haw, and set widely apart. -Small ears set well back and covered with short hair without fringe. He -should be massive in bone, well ribbed up in body, with broad back and -strong loins and hind quarters. Dew claws are objectionable. The tail is -of moderate length and should be well covered with long hair, carried -downwards when in repose. Tails with a kink in them or curled over the -back are very objectionable. - - -[Illustration] - - NEWFOUNDLAND (Black and white) - -[Illustration: - - _The Huskie Sledge Dogs of Northern Canada_ -] - -The Huskie is a strong, powerfully built dog, varying in size and color, -but uniform as to his great bone, stamina and dense coat. He is -extensively used for all manner of draught work in which service he has -made himself indispensable to mankind in the northern latitudes. See -special chapter on Alaskan dogs. - - -[Illustration] - - THE LABRADOR RETRIEVER - -Color: Black. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 80 lbs. - -The Labrador is of medium size, strong and well built, head strong and -rather long with wide, rather flat skull with a slight ridge running -down it. The eyes should be oval in shape, dark brown in color and of -gentle and intelligent expression. Being a hard working dog the body -should be rather long and well ribbed up, and deep in the brisket. He -should carry his thick and bushy tail rather high but not on the back. -His coat should be very profuse, and of moderate length, lying close to -the body and very oily. - - - - - French Breeds - - - PYRENEAN SHEEPDOG - FRENCH SHEEPDOG - BARBET - SMOOTH-COATED BASSET - ROUGH-COATED BASSET - ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF BRITTANY - BASSET OF ARDENNES - ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF VENDÉE - BLUE BASSET OF GASCOGNE - FRENCH POINTER - DUPUY POINTER - POINTER OF ARIEGE - POINTER OF SAINT-GERMAIN - POINTER BOURBONNAIS - BLUE POINTER OF AUVERGNE - FRENCH SETTER - SETTER OF PICARDIE - SETTER OF PONT-AUDEMER - GRIFFON BOULET - GRIFFON GUERLAIN - GRIFFON NIVERNAIS - GRIFFON FAUVE DE BRETAGNE - GRIFFON VENDEEN - FRENCH BULLDOG - NON-CORDED POODLE - CORDED POODLE - TOY POODLE - BORDEAUX - HOUND OF VENDÉE - POITEVIN HOUND - POITOU HOUND - NORMAND DOG - SAINTONGE - GASCOGNE - FRANCHE-COMTÉ - ARTOIS - VIRELADE - GRIS DE SAINT-LOUIS - - -[Illustration] - - PYRENEAN SHEEPDOG - -Color: All white, sometimes with small orange patches on the ears. - -Height: 30 in. - -Weight: 155 lbs. - -This is a large, well-built dog, with a rather weak head in comparison -to his body. The skull is slightly rounded, and the muzzle should not be -too square. The small eyes should be brown and set obliquely in the -head. Ears of medium size, hanging close to the head. The tail is long, -well feathered and carried low, and his coat is long, straight, dense, -and fitting close to the body. - - -[Illustration] - - FRENCH SHEEPDOG - -Color: Dirty black, slate, grizzle and reddish. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -This is a well-built dog of medium size, with a busy and intelligent -appearance, and is well covered with a shaggy coat. The head is strong -and covered with long hair, forming eyebrows, beard and whiskers, yet -the eye is not hidden by the hair. The eyes are brown and very -expressive, ears short, erect and never pendulous and often cut. Body is -well-built for endurance. The tail is never docked, of medium length and -carried low, and his coat is long and woolly. - - -[Illustration] - - BARBET - -Color: Grizzle black, creamy brown, dirty white, white and chestnut, and -white and black. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -The Barbet is a strongly made dog, very compactly built. Is round and -broad in skull with forehead well developed. Muzzle broad and short, -well furnished with long moustaches. The eyes are round, lively and -intelligent and dark brown in color, and are entirely hidden by the long -and thick hair on the eyebrows. The ears are set on low, are long and -flat and well covered with long, curly hair, which often forms cords or -ringlets. The body is strongly built, ribs and loins well rounded and -muscular. The forelegs are straight with plenty of bone and covered with -long hair. The tail is set on low, carried slightly upwards. The -Barbet’s coat is long, woolly and curly, forming cords or ringlets. - - -[Illustration] - - SMOOTH-COATED FRENCH BASSET HOUND - -Color: Black with white and tan, the head, shoulders and quarters a rich -tan, and black patches on the back. They are sometimes hare-pied. - -Height: 13 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -The head is most perfect when it closely resembles that of a bloodhound. -It is long and narrow with heavy flues, prominent occiput, and forehead -wrinkled to the eyes. The general appearance of the head should indicate -high breeding and a reproachful dignity. The eyes show a kind expression -and no haw is visible. Ears very long, so long that in hunting they will -often actually tread on them, set on low, and hang loose in folds like -drapery. Their texture is thin and velvety. Forelegs only about four -inches long. Stern is carried hound fashion, coat short, fine, smooth -and glossy. Skin is loose and elastic. - - -[Illustration] - - ROUGH-COATED FRENCH BASSET HOUND - -Color: Any recognized hound color. - -Height: 13 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -A very powerful hound for its size, on short and strong legs. The head -is large, skull long and narrow and peak well developed. A snipy or weak -jaw is objectionable. The eyes are dark with a kindly and intelligent -expression. Ears set on low, of good length and fine in texture. Chest -large and very deep. Body massive, of good length, any weakness or -lightness of loin being a bad fault. Forelegs are short and very -powerful. Stern of moderate length and carried gaily. The coat is -profuse, thick and harsh to the touch, with a dense undercoat, and may -be wavy. - - -[Illustration] - - ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF BRITTANY - -Color: Tawny red with white markings. - -Height: 12 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This is a coarse-looking dog with long body and short, heavy neck. The -head is long with high domed skull. Stop slightly developed and long -muzzle. The eyes are dark in color, ears long, rounded at the tips and -slightly folded. Stern of medium length and carried upwards. The coat is -wiry and broken, of fair length, softer on the skull and ears. - - -[Illustration] - - BASSET OF THE ARDENNES - -Color: Black and tan, hare color or tawny red. - -Height: 15 in. - -Weight: 55 lbs. - -This is a typical hound, a bloodhound in miniature. The head is large -but not broad, skull high and narrow, occipital bone well developed, -with pendulous lips. Eyes brown, with eye lids loose and pendulous. The -ears are long, fine and hanging forward close to the jaws. Body is heavy -and massive and the back long, broad and deep. The stern is carried -hound-like. The coat is short, hard on the body, but softer on the ears -and skull. - - -[Illustration] - - ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF VENDÉE - -Color: White with red patches or tri-color. - -Height: 15 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This is a dog of strong and muscular shape, with a long, lean, slightly -rounded head. The eyes are dark brown with an intelligent outlook and -somewhat hidden by the strong eyebrows. The ears are soft, flat and -covered with white hair. Body long and low, and deep in chest. The stern -is short, set on high and carried very gaily. The coat is hard but of -rather fine texture. - - -[Illustration] - - BLUE BASSET OF GASCOGNE - -Color: Tri-color, so-called trout color, blue mottled, white with black -and light tan spots above the eyes. - -Height: 14 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This is a strong and massive dog, with a long, well developed head, -skull high and narrow, prominent occiput and lips not too pendulous. The -eyes are dark brown, ears very long and folded. He is long in body, with -broad and deep chest. The stern is fine, set on low, and carried -upwards, and his coat is short and dense. - - -[Illustration] - - FRENCH POINTER - -The stern is generally docked; in all other respects similar to the -English Pointer. - - -[Illustration] - - DUPUY POINTER - -Color: Pure white with small or large dull brown markings. - -Height: 27 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -The Dupuy Pointer is a big upstanding dog with considerable elegance in -his movements. The head is narrow and long. Occipital bone prominent, -muzzle long, lean and slightly arched. Eyes golden brown in color with a -rather melancholy expression. Nose well developed and broad and brown in -color. Lips fine, thin and very tight. Ears set on rather high, very -fine in texture, not too long, and folded backwards. The neck is long -and gracefully arched. Chest deep and narrow. Hindquarters strong and -muscular. Stern long, set low and carried like a greyhound’s tail. - - -[Illustration] - - POINTER OF ARIEGE - -Color: White with light brown or lemon spots. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -This dog is elegant in build and well developed. The skull should be -rather narrow with the occipital bone well defined. Muzzle long with a -slight stop. Lips thin and pendulous. Ears very thin, long and set on -low. Neck long, graceful, strong and free from dewlaps. Chest broad and -deep, long in the back and loins. Hindquarters muscular and well -developed. The tail is long, set on rather low, and generally docked. - - -[Illustration] - - POINTER OF SAINT-GERMAIN - -Color: White with large lemon markings, not spots. - -Height: 27 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -In general appearance he is a clever looking, graceful dog, symmetrical -in shape and standing rather high on the leg. The occipital bone should -be well developed. Skull rather broad. Stop well defined, and the muzzle -long and straight. Eyes golden or yellow in color. Ears set on high, -shorter than the ears of the French Pointer, but longer than the ears of -the English Pointer. The neck is strong and well arched; chest deep and -broad. Hindquarters muscular and fully developed. Tail thick at the -root, carried straight or with a little curve but no curl at the tip. - - -[Illustration] - - POINTER BOURBONNAIS - -Color: White with light chestnut spots, and no large markings. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -This dog is rather lighter in bone than the English and French -varieties, is shorter and more compact in build, and more of the -appearance of a cob. The head should be long, straight and rather broad; -eyes large, dark amber in color, and with an intelligent expression. -Ears fine and not too long, set on rather low and hanging in folds. Neck -strong, short and muscular. Chest deep and broad. Hindquarters short, -round and muscular. Stern set on rather low, and not more than 3 inches -in length. - - -[Illustration] - - BLUE POINTER OF AUVERGNE - -Color: White with black markings and tickings, giving a blue effect. -Head always black with a white blaze up the face. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 53 lbs. - -In general appearance this dog is of perfect proportions suitable for -hard work. The occipital bone should be well defined. Skull broad with a -pronounced dip below the eyes. Muzzle straight and cheek bones well -developed. The eyes should be dark brown in color. Lips very pendulous. -Ears long and fine in texture, hanging in folds and should be set on -level with the eyes and not carried too closely to the head. Neck -strong, slightly arched and throaty. Hindquarters and legs similar to -other varieties of the Pointer. Stern strong at the root and generally -docked and set on low. - - -[Illustration] - - FRENCH SETTER - -Color: White with chestnut patches. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -The French Setter is a strong, shapely dog of an imposing appearance. -The head is strong and well developed. Skull round, broad and long with -the occipital bone well defined and the stop nicely chiselled. The eyes -should be rather small, dark amber in color, and of open expression. His -chest should be very deep and broad with long and rather flat ribs. The -stern set on high, rather long and be carried in two curves; the first -convex and the second concave, with a nice fringe of long, wavy, silky -hair. His coat should be thick and not bright, smooth on the head and -flat on the body with a fair amount on the belly, chest and throat and -the ears and legs well feathered. - -SETTER OF PICARDIE - -This is a variety of the French Setter and is sometimes called the black -Setter of the North. The points are the same, except that in color he -should be brown and grizzle, black or black and tan. - - -[Illustration] - - SETTER OF PONT-AUDEMER - -Color: Brown and grizzle, brown and white, or self-colored brown. A -black or black and white coat is objectionable. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This dog should be of a short, thick-set build with a cobby appearance. -The skull should be round with prominent occipital bone, forehead rising -well toward the top-knot or crest. Eyes dark amber with a good and frank -expression. Nose brown and nostrils well open. The ears should be set on -rather low, hanging close to the neck and should be very long and well -furnished with long, crisp hair. The chest is deep and broad, back and -loins strong and muscular; back slightly convex, strong and short. The -stern should be strong in bone at the root, carried rather straight and -is generally docked. The coat should be crisp on the ears and top-knot, -which should stand upright, and rather thick and curly on the body. The -hair on mask should be smooth. - - -[Illustration] - - GRIFFON BOULET - -Color: Chestnut, dead leaf color with or without white, never with black -or yellow. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -A rather coarse-looking dog, but with a sharp appearance and his -expression is mild and intelligent. Has broad and round skull, long, -broad and square muzzle, with heavy moustaches. The “stop” well defined -but accentuated by strong eyebrows, give him a rather savage aspect. The -eyes, however, are intelligent and affable, of yellow color. The nose is -light color or brown with nostrils well open. The chest is broad and -deep and the ribs well arched. The forelegs are strong and muscular, -covered with abundance of long hair. The straight tail is of medium -length, well covered with hair but no feathering. His coat is of a -nondescript character, fairly long, and silky without brilliancy and -smooth or wavy, but is never curly. - - -[Illustration] - - GRIFFON GUERLAIN - -Color: White with orange or yellow patches. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This is a medium-sized dog, short in the body and compactly built. He -has a big head for his size and the eyes are rather large and light -brown in color. The nose is always brown with nostrils well open. Chest -broad and back strong and well developed. The legs are straight and -muscular, rather on the long side and well covered with short, wiry -hair. Stern is carried straight, covered with wiry hair but without -feathering, and a third of its length is generally docked. The coat is -hard and wiry, rather short and not curly. - - -[Illustration] - - GRIFFON NIVERNAIS - -Color: Tri-color, black and tan and brown, with or without dirty white -patches. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -A strongly built dog, rather long in body and not particularly -attractive in appearance. The head is fairly long and rather square with -slightly domed skull. Muzzle also of medium length and of square -formation. The eyes are bright, intelligent and brown in color. Ears set -high and well back on the head, of good size and hanging without folds -close to the head. Back long, straight and muscular, as also are the -loins. The legs are straight with plenty of bone and covered with hard -hair. Stern of medium length, also well covered with hair. The coat is -semi-long, close and of a hard texture. - - -[Illustration] - - GRIFFON FAUVE DE BRETAGNE - -Color: Fallow, inclined to red, sometimes discolored red. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -A heavily-built dog, very robust. The head is large and strong with flat -skull, prominent occiput and muzzle of good length, square and strong. -The ears should not be too long and are covered with soft hair. The neck -is short and muscular and the chest deep. He is endowed with plenty of -bone in the leg and has splendid feet. The stern is of medium length, -well covered with hair but not any feathering. The coat is semi-long, -hard and wiry. - - -[Illustration] - - GRIFFON VENDEEN - -Color: White and orange, white and wheaten, white and mouse-gray, and -with red or brown patches. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -An upstanding dog of firm structure, covered with a hard and close coat. -The head is rather big and typical, pronounced in occiput and muzzle of -good length. The eyes are rather small, brown in color and full of life. -Ears long, nicely folded and hang gracefully. He is muscular in body, -deep and broad in chest with a rather long muscular back. The stern is -of medium length, carried gaily and well covered with hard hair. The -coat is thick, hard and wiry. - -A similar dog to the Vendeen but more nervous in temperament and not so -heavily coated as the Griffon de Cosse, and those marked with the red or -brown patches are called Griffons du Grip or Griffons d’Anjou. - - -[Illustration] - - FRENCH BULLDOG - -Color: Almost any color, but black and black and tan will disqualify. - -Weight: Three classes are provided, under 20 lbs., 20 to 24 lbs., and 24 -to 28 lbs. - -The French Bulldog ought to have the appearance of an active, -intelligent and very muscular dog of cobby build and heavy in the bone -for his size. The head should be large and square with the forehead -nearly flat, the muscles of the cheek well developed but not prominent. -“Stop” as deep as possible. The forehead should be wrinkled, and the -skin of the head not tight. Eyes moderate in size and dark in color. -“Bat” ears of medium size, large at the base and rounded at the tips and -placed high on the head. The body should be short and rotund with a -distinct roach and light but sound quarters. His shoulders should be -strong and he should stand on short but fairly stout limbs for his size. -The fundamental difference between the French Bulldog and the English -miniature is seen in the foreface which in the French should show some -slight protrusion of the under-jaw, and some turnup, but no layback. - - -[Illustration] - - CORDED POODLE - -Color: All black, all white, all red, or all blue. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -The most popular varieties of the Poodle are the corded and non-corded. -In general appearance he presents an active and elegant outline. He is a -well-built dog and carries himself proudly. The head is long, straight -and fine. The muzzle should be strong and the lips black and fit -tightly. Eyes almond shape, very dark brown, and full of fire and -intelligence. The ears are long and wide, set on high and hang close to -the head. The back is strong and muscular. The tail is set on high and -should never be curled or carried over the back. In the corded variety -the white Poodle should have dark eyes, black or dark liver nose, lips -and toe nails. The red Poodle should have dark amber eyes, with dark -liver nose, lips and toe nails. The blue Poodle should be of even color, -without patches of black or white, and have dark eyes, lips and toe -nails. All the other points of the white, red and blue Poodle should be -the same as the perfect black Poodle. The coat should be very profuse, -of good, hard texture, hanging in tight, even cords. In the non-corded -variety the coat should be very profuse, of hard texture of even length, -and may be either curly or fluffy. - - -[Illustration] - - NON-CORDED POODLE - - -[Illustration] - - TOY POODLE - -Similar in all respects to the non-corded variety, but the coat is -softer and silkier, and he should not stand more than 12 inches high or -weigh more than 10 pounds. - - -[Illustration] - - BORDEAUX - -Color: Reddish fawn, with red mask, red with red mask, fawn and no mask, -fawn or red with black mask. Brindles, blacks and pied disqualify. - -Height: 29 in. - -Weight: 120 lbs. - -This is a smooth-coated dog, very powerful in build, somewhat low in -stature, massive, broad and muscular. He possesses an enormous head, -greater in proportion to his body than that of any other breed, and -should be very long and broad, high and square, and the whole of the -face and muzzle should be covered with ropes of loose skin, lying in -wrinkles. The eyes are small, wide apart, deep set, light in color, and -very penetrating in expression. The “rose” ears when uncropped should be -small and fine in texture. The neck is very thick and powerful, with -skin very loose, forming a dewlap on each side of the throat. Back is -short and straight, of great breadth at the shoulder, and the -hindquarters should be pear-shaped, as in the bulldog, and it should not -be forgotten that this dog is the gladiator of his race. - - -[Illustration] - - HOUND OF VENDÉE - -Color: White or with dark red and yellow patches. - -Height: 28 in. - -Weight: 58 lbs. - -A strong dog, well built and elegant. His head is clean and slightly -arched and skull rounded. The eyes are dark yellow or dark brown in -color. Nose brown with well open nostrils. The ears are flexible, thin, -long, pendulous, set on low and nicely folded. The neck is long, clean, -well muscled and splendidly arched. The loins are well arched, powerful -and deep. Legs clean, straight and well boned and stern of medium -length, tapering and carried rather high. The coat is short and fine. - - -[Illustration] - - POITEVIN HOUND - -Color: White, blue and orange, with pale tan markings on body and legs. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 58 lbs. - -This is a muscular sort of dog with rather square fine head, slightly -domed in skull, occipital bone not particularly well developed. Eyes are -brown and intelligent. Nose black with open nostrils. Ears well set on, -rather short and well folded. Neck of good length. Back slightly arched -and chest not too deep. The legs are straight, strong and well boned. -Stern of medium length, carried gaily and with a short, rather thick -coat. - - -[Illustration] - - POITOU HOUND - -Color: White, black and tan, and tri-color. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 58 lbs. - -A muscular dog with limbs rather flat but large. The head is lean, fine -and carried proudly on a well arched neck. The skull is slightly domed -and the occipital bone just visible, and the muzzle should be long. The -brown eyes give him a bright and intelligent expression. The ears are -moderately short, very thin, velvety and hang gracefully in folds. His -deep chest, slightly arched back, well muscled loins and straight, -well-boned limbs, fit him for arduous work. The stern is of medium -length and tapers towards the point. The coat is coarse and should not -be too short, especially on hindquarters and stern. - - -[Illustration] - - NORMAND DOG - -Color: White with large brown, black or grizzled patches, tri-color with -grizzle saddle. - -Height: 29 in. - -Weight: 78 lbs. - -A heavy, strong, rather coarse-looking dog and is the heaviest of all -the French Hounds. He has a long, broad skull with coarse muzzle and the -skin on the head is very loose and wrinkled. The eyes are full and gay -and the haw is visible. Ears set on low, long, thin, velvety and folding -inwards. The body is rather long and heavy. Neck short, strong and thick -with heavy dewlap. Back broad, strong and well muscled. Legs strong, -muscular and with rather coarse bone. The feet are clean and pointed. -The stern is thick at the root, tapering towards the point and carried -gaily, curved upwards. The coat is short and coarse in appearance. - - -[Illustration] - - SAINTONGE - -Color: White with black patches and blue belton. The ears and palate -always black and he has light tan spots above the eyes. - -Height: 28 in. - -Weight: 62 lbs. - -In general appearance this dog is elegant and not too heavily built. The -head is lean, light and of a fair length, with skull slightly arched and -with occipital bone well developed. The eyes are bright and intelligent, -showing the haw and brown in color. Ears long, fine, set on low, black -in color, edged with a light tan. Chest deep and rather narrow; legs -straight, lean and rather long. Stern is of medium length and tapering. -Coat short and fine. - - -[Illustration] - - GASCOGNE - -Color: Blue or white with many black spots, blue mottled, and pale tan -markings, rather black and the legs tinted with red. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 55 lbs. - -This is a strong and massive dog, with a large and sometimes a rather -long head, with the occipital bone well developed, resembling in this -respect a bloodhound. The eyes are brown, bright and clear, and somewhat -hidden, showing the haw. The lips are pendulous. Ears very long, rather -fine and well folded. Chest very deep, back broad and strong. The stern -is fine but not too long and carried well up. Coat short and hard on the -body, soft and silky on the skull and ears. - - -[Illustration] - - FRANCHE-COMTÉ - -Color: White with yellow, orange or red patches. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 54 lbs. - -A dog of medium size and symmetrically built. The head is fine and of -fair length with domed skull and the occipital bone slightly developed. -Eyes of medium size, bright and brown in color. Ears are set on low, of -medium length, thin and soft. He is rather short in the neck, chest -deep, ribs not too rounded, legs well boned and muscular. His stern is -set on high, rather short, and tapers to a fine point. The coat is -smooth, fine and glossy. - - -[Illustration] - - ARTOIS - -Color: White with yellow or red patches, tri-color with black saddle. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -A strong and well-built dog of medium size. Rather long skull, with the -stop not too deep. The eyes are full, dark yellow or light brown in -color. The ears are broad, very long and set on low. Body not too long, -neck rather short, back strong and straight. His legs are not too long -and are straight and strong. The stern is strong and carried upwards. -The coat is short and not too silky. - - -[Illustration] - - VIRELADE - -Color: White with large black patches and light tan spots. - -Height: About 29 in. - -Weight: About 62 lbs. - -A dog of great size, yet strong and light and rather long in the body. -The head is fine rather than heavy; occipital bone well developed, and -has pendulous lips. The eyes are brown in color and the ears long and -fine. He is strong, straight and well boned in the legs. The stern is -long and carried hound-like, and he is short in coat. - - -[Illustration] - - GRIS DE SAINT-LOUIS - -Color: Grizzle on the back, red brindled with the legs of a hare color, -or the back rather black and the legs tinted with red. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 55 lbs. - -This is a dog of good size, rather high on the legs, strong and -symmetrically built. The long, well developed head has a broad skull, -slightly rounded and stop well defined. The muzzle is of medium length, -square and strong. His bright and intelligent eyes are dark brown in -color. The ears are set well back on the head, are long, thin, and -nicely folded. Neck not too long and very muscular. He is strong and -broad in back with a deep and capacious chest. Legs straight, long and -well boned. The stern is thick and well covered with hair and carried -very curved. The coat is hard and wiry. - - - - - German Breeds - - - GREAT DANE - DACHSHUND - POMERANIAN - POMERANIAN (Miniature) - DOBERMANN PINSCHER - AFFENPINSCHER - GERMAN SHEEP DOG - GERMAN HOUND - WIRE-COATED GERMAN TERRIER - SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN TERRIER - SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN POINTER - ROUGH-COATED GERMAN POINTER - POINTER OF WURTEMBERG - POINTER OF WEIMAR - GERMAN SETTER - WACHTELHUND - GRIFFON-KORTHALS - BOXER - HANOVRIAN LIMER - BAVARIAN LIMER - - -[Illustration] - - GREAT DANE - -Color: Brindle, fawn, blue, black and harlequin. The harlequin should -have jet-black patches and spots on a pure white ground. - -Height: 30 in. or more. Weight: 120 lbs. and over. - -This dog is remarkable in size and very muscular. Strongly yet elegantly -built, which latter feature is an absolute essential, as also is -alertness of expression and briskness of movement, and generally he -should carry a look of dash and daring. The head is of great length, -muzzle broad, and jaw powerful. The skull should be flat rather than -domed, and have a slight indentation running up the center. The ears in -Germany are cropped, set high, and carried erect, with the tips falling -forward. The neck should be long and well arched, and quite free from -loose skin. The body is very deep, back strong and hind quarters -extremely muscular. His coat is short, dense and sleek. - -The abolition of cropping by the English Kennel Club resulted in English -breeders concentrating their attention to the production of a small ear, -which would hang neatly in lieu of his original large ear, which was -desirable when cropping was permitted. In doing this, character was at -first lost, to some extent, in head, color and soundness of limb, but -these temporary disabilities have now been largely overcome. - - -[Illustration] - - DACHSHUND - -Color: Black, gray, red or yellow in good harmony, much white is -objectionable. - -Height: English standard, 7 to 9 in.; German standard, 7 to 8½ in. - -Weight: English standard, 18 to 21 lbs.; German standard, three classes: -A. 15½ to 16½ lbs.; B. 15 to 22 lbs.; C. Over 22 lbs. - -It will be observed from the above that there is a difference of opinion -between the German and English ideas as to the most desirable size of -the Dachshund. This dog is of a long, low and graceful conformation. His -figure though elongated should present a stiff and muscular appearance, -notwithstanding his short and crooked front. He should not appear lean -or weasel-like. His pert, saucy pose of the head is a desirable -characteristic. The skull is long and narrow, eyes small and in shade -should follow the color of the dog, ears long, broad and soft, chest -narrow and deep with breast bone prominent, stern long and strong, flat -at the root and carried low. His skin should be thick, subtle, loose and -in great quantity. There are three varieties as regards coat. A—The -smooth, short and strong coat. B—The rough, dense, not silky or long -coat. C—The long-coated variety, which should be straight, though it is -sometimes wavy, fine and glossy. It should be abundant on the neck, -chest, ears, forelegs and tail. - -It is worthy of notice that though the Dachshund is of German origin, -the English Dachshund Club, founded in 1881, preceded the German Teckel -Klub by ten years, and Dachshunds were exhibited in England five or six -years before they made their appearance on the show bench in Germany. -The “points” of the two clubs also differed considerably, more -particularly in regard to the head and size. The English breeders seemed -rather to regard him as a hound, but nowadays there is little or no -difference between the best specimens of the two countries. - -[Illustration] - - -[Illustration] - - POMERANIAN - (Spitz) - -Color: White, black, blue, brown, chocolate, sable in all shades, red, -orange and fawn in all shades, and parti-colors. The whites must be free -from lemon or any color, and the other colors free from white. In the -parti-colors the colors should be evenly distributed in body patches. -Self-colored dogs with white feet or legs are objectionable. - -Weight: About 24 lbs. - -This is a compact, short-bodied dog, with head and face fox-like. Small -erect ears, and exhibits great intelligence in expression, docility in -disposition and activity in buoyancy and deportment. The skull should be -somewhat flat, eyes oblique, not set too wide apart, bright and dark in -color. The neck is short and lion-like, is covered with a profuse mane -and frill of long straight hair. The tail is a characteristic of this -breed and should be turned over the back, profusely covered with long -spreading hair. He should have a long, perfectly straight and glistening -coat, sound and even in color, and soft fluffy undercoat, the whole -effect being of a stand-off, weather resisting variety. - - -[Illustration] - - POMERANIAN - (Miniature) - -This breed has now been perfected as a toy variety to the almost entire -exclusion from the show ring of the original spitz. Formerly he was -produced in Pomeria, in all sizes from 20 to 40 lbs. weight. Then the -fashionable weight became 18 to 24 lbs., but latterly breeders have -perfected the variety and he is classified at shows as above 8 lbs. and -less than 8 lbs., until nowadays the smaller they are the more they are -appreciated. There are many poms around three or four pounds weight, and -some full grown specimens have been exhibited as small as 1½ lbs. - - -[Illustration] - - DOBERMANN PINSCHER - -Color: Black and tan, small white patches on chest is permissible. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 45 lbs. - -This is a well built muscular dog, with an appearance denoting -quickness, strength and endurance, and he has a lively and game -temperament. The skull is broad, flat and slightly rounded, muzzle long -and moderately tapered. Ears well cropped and not too pointed. Eyes dark -brown, of medium size, with a friendly and intelligent outlook. The back -is straight and of fair length, with well developed and muscular hind -quarters. The tail is docked to the length of about 6 inches, and -bob-tails are much appreciated. He has a short, hard, and close-lying -coat. - - -[Illustration] - - AFFENPINSCHER - (Monkey Terrier) - -Color: Gray-black, blue-gray, dirty yellow, red and their different -shades. The light-colored dogs have often a black muzzle. - -Height: Not more than 20 in. - -Weight: Under 8½ lbs. - -This is a small ladies’ dog, well built, of compact form and very -intelligent. The head is thick and round, covered with long, hard and -unequal hair, muzzle short and strong and he should be under-shot, yet -without showing any teeth, and well furnished with mustache and beard. -The eyes are large, round, prominent and very intelligent and dark in -color. The eyebrows should be straight coated but not hanging, with a -general outlook that of the monkey. The ears are always cut, carried -erect and pointed, set on wide apart and well covered with short hair. -He has a very compact body, is short in neck and broad in chest. The -tail is docked to about two-thirds of its length, and is carried -upwards. His coat is profuse, long, hard and unequal, and should be of a -dry nature, with a woolly undercoat somewhat curled. - - -[Illustration] - - GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG - -Color: Black, grizzle, reddish brown, either self-colored or with tan, -white and white with large dark patches or brindle, with or without tan -markings. White on the chest and legs is permissible, but not desirable. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 55 lbs. - -This is a medium-sized dog, rather long in the body but well built, and -is very game and intelligent. The head is lean, skull broad between the -ears and long lean muzzle. The ears are of medium size, carried erect, -and pointed forward. The eyes are almond-shaped, dark in color, full of -“fire” and intelligence, but often sour. The body is rather narrow, with -deep chest, straight back and strong loins. The tail is well coated, -carried low when the dog is quiet and gaily but not over the back when -excited. There are three varieties as to coat: A. Smooth-coated. Short -dense and hard, round the neck the coat is longer and harder. B. Long -haired, wavy and hard, the hair on the head partially covering the eyes, -and with well marked beard and moustaches and tail well feathered. C. -Wire-haired. Straight, hard and wiry, that on the head and legs being -especially short and hard with beard and eyebrows well developed. - - -[Illustration] - - GERMAN HOUND - -Color: White muzzle, collar, neck, chest and tip of tail; the head, body -and tail are orange, tawny, yellow, black, grizzle or brindle, but never -brown. - -Height: 21 in. - -Weight: 40 lbs. - -This is a lightly made, elegant dog, with head lean, long and narrow, -occipital bone not prominent, and “stop” slightly developed. The eyes -are bright with a friendly expression. Ears long, broad, flat and round -at the tips. Fairly light in body, which is well developed in comparison -to the head. Stern long, rather thick, tapering point and well covered -with long hair, and carried downwards with a slight upwards. The coat is -long for a smooth-coated dog and is very dense and hard. - - -[Illustration] - - WIRE-COATED GERMAN TERRIER - (Schnanzer or Rattler) - -Color: Pepper and salt, iron-gray, silver-gray, dull black with yellow -or tan markings on head and legs, rust-yellow and gray-yellow. A bright -red is objectionable. - -Height: 18 in. - -Weight: 28 lbs. - -This is a strongly built cobby dog, of a rather nervous temperament, yet -he is gay, watchful, very intelligent and courageous, without being -quarrelsome. He is a first rate rat dog. The head is strong, fairly -long, with a flat skull rather narrow between the ears, and the occiput -is well developed. The ears are set on high and are cropped with rounded -tips. The oval eyes convey an intelligent and vivacious expression, with -eyebrows well developed and covered with rough upstanding hair. His back -is strong and straight and rather flat sided in rib. The tail is set on -high, is docked very short and if a bob-tail is much appreciated. The -coat is as hard, rough and wiry as possible, of the stand-off variety -and though it is shorter on the head, it is not softer. On the muzzle we -find a characteristic short beard and whiskers. - -This breed has worked himself into popular favor in Germany by his -indefatigable industry as a worker and as a good friend of the horse, -hence he is much appreciated in the stable. Certainly he is very -intelligent, a very apt pupil, as quick as lightning in his movements -and unfailing in his fidelity, courage, endurance and muscular strength. -He is a rare good dog for bad weather purposes. - - - SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN TERRIER - -This dog is the same in every particular to the wire-coated German -terrier, excepting that his color is black and tan, black with yellow -shade and wolf gray, and the coat is smooth, of fine texture and lays -close to the body. - - -[Illustration] - - SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN POINTER - -Color: Pure brown, brown and white, or white with brown patches. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -This dog is of medium size and is built on good uniform lines. It should -not be too heavy in the head. The lips should be pendulous. Eyes oval in -shape and brown in color, varying somewhat according to the shade of his -coat, and have a rather grave expression. Ears moderately long but not -too broad, and should lay without folds close to the head. Back -straight, broad, short and muscular. The stern is of medium length, and -should be carried a little above the line of the back, strong in bone at -the root, but not coming to a fine point. The tail is always docked. - - -[Illustration] - - ROUGH-COATED GERMAN POINTER - -Color: Brown and white, apparently grizzled-brown mixed with large brown -markings. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -In general appearance this dog follows the characteristics of the -smooth-coated German Pointer except in the matter of coat, which should -be about 2 inches long all over the body of a rough, hard and dull -texture. In the winter time a considerable undercoat is developed. The -cheeks are well covered with whiskers, and the eyebrows are bushy. On -the skull the hair is flat, short, hard and dull. - - -[Illustration] - - POINTER OF WURTEMBERG - -Color: Tri-color, so-called trout color, with brown-brindle and patches -of tan markings. Head and ears darker in color than the rest of the -body. Height 27 in. Weight 75 lbs. - -A strong, shapely dog, not coarse-looking and standing rather high on -the leg. The skull is long and narrow, occipital and cheek bones well -developed. The eyes are light brown in color, of intelligent and grave -expression and showing a prominent haw. Ears set on not too high, and -hang gracefully close to the cheeks. The neck should be strong, very -muscular and throaty. The chest is deep, back straight, broad and -powerful, and loins broad and deep. The tail is strong and set on not -too high. - - -[Illustration] - - POINTER OF WEIMAR - -Color: Varies from silver grizzle to mouse grizzle, often clearer on the -head and on the ears. White patches on the chest and on the feet are -objectionable, and tan markings are decided faults. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -In general appearance the dog of Weimar is of medium size but with -muscles not so well developed as the German Pointer. The head is rather -light, and narrow in skull, and the occipital bone well developed. The -jaws are long, lips pendulous without exaggeration, and the muzzle -broad. Eyes of medium size, yellow brown in color. Nose flesh-colored, -joining on to the muzzle in a clear violet tint. The ears are light and -somewhat pointed. Tail rather thin and short. - - -[Illustration] - - GERMAN SETTER - -Color: Self colored dark brown, often with a little white on chest; -white with large or small brown patches or mixed; never black or red. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -In general appearance the German Setter is a strong, shapely dog, not -too heavy in build. The head is rather long, skull slightly rounded, -lips pendulous. Eyes are of medium size, oval in shape, dark brown in -color, varying in shade with that of the coat. The body should be -straight, broad and muscular, with neck slightly arched but not throaty; -chest deep but not too broad. The stern should be of medium length, -strong at the root and tapering near the point, carried straight to the -middle with the end curled upward and well feathered. - - -[Illustration] - - WACHTELHUND - -Color: Self-colored brown, often with a white patch on stern and chest; -white with large or small brown patches, or mixed. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -The Wachtelhund is somewhat like the German Setter in miniature and is -strongly built, notwithstanding his small size. The head is large and -long, skull slightly rounded and fairly broad. Muzzle of fair length and -narrow with the occipital bone and stop both well defined. The eyes are -dark in color, varying in shade with that of the coat and of medium -size. The ears are long compared with those of the German Setter, are -set on high and hang close to the head. The neck should be strong and -not throaty; chest deep, back straight, broad and muscular, and the -loins short and broad. He is strong and straight on the leg and the tail -is usually docked and well feathered. The coat is slightly wavy, fairly -long and very dense. - - -[Illustration] - - GRIFFON-KORTHALS - -Color: Steel gray with brown patches or self-colored brown often mixed -with grey hairs. Also white, grey with brown, or grey with yellow -patches. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This dog is of medium size, symmetrical and well built. The head is -heavy and long, covered with wiry hair not too long, but there should be -a good moustache and eyebrows. The muzzle is long and square, nasal bone -convex and the stop not too abrupt. The eyes are large, very intelligent -in expression and brown or dark yellow in color. The nose is always -brown. Ears of medium size, set on not too low, carried close to the -head. The back strong and well developed and the forelegs straight, -muscular and covered with wiry hair. The stern is carried straight out -and is covered with wiry hair but without feather. About a third of the -stern is generally docked. The coat is wiry, crisp and harsh like fine -iron wire, never curly or woolly. Undercoat is dense and soft. - - -[Illustration] - - BOXER - -Color: Yellow or brindle, with or without black muzzle. White patches -allowed, but liver color is a disqualification. - -Height: 21 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -A strong, lively, smooth-coated dog of great activity. The ears are set -on high, are always cropped and when at attention the skull is freely -wrinkled. The eyes are dark and large and his back is short and straight -with well rounded ribs. The tail set high and is always docked. Coat -short, hard and glossy. - - -[Illustration] - - HANOVRIAN LIMER - -Color: Gray-brown, like the winter coat of a deer, tan, red-yellow, -darker on the mask, ears, and around the eyes, and often with a dark -trace down the back. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 54 lbs. - -In general appearance this dog is of medium height, of strong and long -structure. He is broad in skull and slightly domed, forehead slightly -wrinkled, eyebrows well developed and protruding. The eyes show no haw -and convey an energetic and earnest expression. Ears are very broad, set -on high, and are carried close to the head. Chest wide and deep, back -long with broad loins. The tail is long, strong at the root and -tapering, well provided with long hair and carried downwards. The coat -is close, full, smooth and elastic, and of a dull appearance. - - -[Illustration] - - BAVARIAN LIMER - -Color: Tan, red-yellow, or wheaten, often darker on the back, with -muzzle and ears nearly always black. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 52 lbs. - -A medium-sized dog, light in bone, with a grave and mild expression. Has -a broad skull, slightly domed, eyebrows well developed, “stop” slightly -defined, and lips not too heavy or pendulous. The eyes are dark brown -and the haw is not visible. The ears are of medium length, broad, set on -high, and round at the tips. Body not too long and chest fairly broad. -Tail of good length, well covered with long hair, carried downwards, and -is never docked. The coat is full and dense of hard texture, finer on -the head and ears. - - - - - Italian Breeds - - - ITALIAN GREYHOUND - ITALIAN GRIFFON - ITALIAN POINTER - BOLOGNESE - ITALIAN SHEEPDOG - SHEEPDOG OF ABRUZZES - - -[Illustration] - - ITALIAN SHEEPDOG - -Color: Dirty yellow, dark shades are not desirable. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 62 lbs. - -This is a strong, thick-set dog with heavy, somewhat rounded skull. The -eyes are hazel color of intelligent expression. Ears are short and -hanging, covered with fairly long, straight fur. His back is strong and -straight; tail long, carried low and well coated, and the coat is curly -and dense, except on the head, where it should be smooth. - - -[Illustration] - - SHEEPDOG OF THE ABRUZZES - -Color: All white. - -Height: 27 in. - -Weight: 66 lbs. - -A large and coarse dog. The head is fairly long, somewhat broad in -skull, slightly domed, and without stop. The eyes are small and dark in -color; ears of medium size and carried close to the head. Body strong -and well built, with well developed and muscular loins. The tail is -long, well coated, generally carried low, but sometimes over the back. -His coat is dense and long, especially around the neck, on the back and -on the tail. The skull, muzzle, ears and forepart of the legs are -smooth-coated. A curly coat is a serious fault. - - -[Illustration] - - ITALIAN GREYHOUND - -Color: Self-colored, golden fawn, but all shades of fawn, red, mouse, -blue, green, and white are recognized. Blacks, brindles and pied are -less desirable. - -Weight, two classes: Over 8 lbs. and under 8 lbs. - -This is an English greyhound in miniature, of very slender proportions, -and of ideal elegance and grace in shape, symmetry and action. - - -[Illustration] - - ITALIAN GRIFFON - -Color: All white or white with yellow or light brown patches. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This dog is known as the Spinone and is a well-built and clever dog of -medium size. The head is rather long and large and though the moustaches -are abundant the rest of the hair on the head is of a smooth nature. The -skull is not too broad, forehead slightly domed, muzzle square and long, -and the stop not very clearly defined. The eyes, though yellow or light -brown in color, are very intelligent. Ears not too large, set on rather -high and hang close to the cheeks. The stern is carried straight or -slightly upwards, and is generally docked. The coat is short, hard and -wiry, never woolly or curly and the undercoat is dense. - - -[Illustration] - - ITALIAN POINTER - -Color: White with orange patches, white speckled with lemon, white and -liver, and roan with liver. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 80 lbs. - -The Italian Pointer is a strong, muscular and elegantly shaped dog, full -of character. The skull is slightly rounded, occipital bone well -developed with broad, long and straight muzzle. The eyes are oval in -shape, dark yellow in color, sympathetic and grave in expression. The -nose is of brown or flesh color, never black. The lips are pendulous, -thick and rounded. Ears long and broad, set on at the height of the eye, -hanging gracefully and round at the tips. The back and loins are broad -and muscular. The stern is thick and tapering and is generally docked to -about 7 in. in length. - - -[Illustration] - - BOLOGNESE - -Color: Self-colored white. - -Height: 12 in. or under. - -Weight: 8 lbs. or less. - -This is a ladies’ toy dog. The head is rather broad and muzzle not too -long. The eyes are large, dark in color and watery. The ears hang, but -not too close to the head, which gives the head a square appearance, and -are well covered with long, curly hair. He is straight in the back and -deep in the chest. The tail is curled over the back and well coated, and -his coat should be long, silky and curly. - - - - - Netherlands Breeds - - - DRAUGHT DOG - BRUSSELS GRIFFON (Belgium) - TOY BRABANTINE (Belgium) - BELGIAN SHEEPDOG (Belgium) - SCHIPPERKE (Belgium) - PAPILLON (Belgium) - WIRE-HAIRED DUTCH TERRIER (Holland) - DUTCH SHEEPDOG (Holland) - DANISH POINTER (Denmark) - - -[Illustration] - - DRAUGHT DOG - -This is more or less of a nondescript variety, but he is worthy of a -place in the sun by reason of the inestimable service he renders to his -master or mistress. Daily he may be seen in Belgium and Holland drawing -the carts purveying milk, butter, vegetables and other similar household -necessities. He varies in height from about 24 in. to 32 in. and weighs -around 100 lbs. Fawns and brindles are the most common colors. In -general appearance he is a cobbily-built strong dog capable of great -endurance. Naturally he must be strongly made in back and loins, well -boned in legs and with feet well padded. The tail is generally docked to -about three inches. Chapters dealing with other purposes to which dogs -are put will be found in other parts of this work. - - -[Illustration] - - BRUSSELS GRIFFON - -Color: Red. - -Weight: Under 9 lbs. - -This is a ladies’ pet dog, very intelligent, sprightly, robust, of -compact appearance, and is peculiar for his quasi-human expression. His -head is rounded, furnished with hard, irregular hair, which is longer -around the eyes and on the nose and cheeks. The ears are erect when -cropped, but not otherwise. The eyes are very large, black and with long -and black eye lashes, and the hair on his nose should grow upwards, -towards his pronounced stop. His chin should be prominent, but must not -show the teeth. The tail is erect and cut two-thirds of its length. - -There is no definite data as to this dog’s precise origin, and though -credit for his conception belongs to Brussels, it is highly probable -that he has been evolved by an admixture of the Yorkshire Terrier, Irish -Terrier and the Ruby Spaniel. His quaintness and degree of dignity, -altogether disproportionate to his size, account in a large measure for -the popular esteem in which he is held. - - -[Illustration] - - TOY BRABANTINE - -The Toy Brabantine resembles the Brussels Griffon in every respect, -except that his coat is short and smooth and his color red, or black and -tan. - - -[Illustration] - - BELGIAN SHEEPDOG - -Color: Reddish black, if possible with black muzzle. - -Height: 21 in. - -Weight: 54 lbs. - -A very intelligent and rustic dog built to withstand the changeable -climate of Belgium. His sagacity, activity and enduring strength and -dauntless courage fit him peculiarly as a protector for his Belgian -master. The head is long, skull flat, not too broad, and moderate -“stop.” The eyes are brown, with an inquiring intelligent expression. -The ears should be stiff and carried erect, and triangular in shape, -neck rather long, chest broad and not too deep, back straight, broad, -strong, and of medium length. The tail is carried low in repose and -should never be curled over the back, and is never docked. There are -three varieties as to coat: A. Long and straight on the body, smooth on -the head, with the inside of the ears protected by dense hair, and with -considerable coat round the frill or mane. Forelegs well feathered and -very profuse tail. B. Smooth on the body, head and legs, little longer -round the neck, and slight feathering on the tail. C. A hard, dry and -bristling wire-coat of the stand-off variety, more or less the same -length all over the body, and with a bushy tail. - - -[Illustration] - - SCHIPPERKE - -Color: All black. - -Height: 12 in. - -Weight: 12 lbs. - -This is an excellent little watch dog, very active and always on the -alert, very courageous, exceedingly inquisitive, and a good vermin dog. -The head is foxy, eyes dark brown, oval, and keen. Ears quite erect, -small, triangular and set on high, and very mobile. The body is short -and thick-set, chest broad, with straight back and powerful loins. He -has no tail. His coat should be dense and harsh on the body, very -profuse around the neck, forming a mane and frill, but short and smooth -on the ears and head. - - -[Illustration] - - PAPILLON - -Color: Self-colored red mahogany, ruby, chestnut red, dark yellow, or -white with these patches. Height: Not more than 10 in., the smaller the -better. Weight: 8 lbs. and under. - -This is a lively and active ladies’ pet dog. The skull is small, -slightly domed, and muzzle rather snipy. The eyes are round, dark -colored, set low in the head, and convey a lively expression. The ears -are set high on the head, carried erect like the wings of a butterfly, -from which feature he is often styled the Butterfly Spaniel. The back is -straight and not too short or cobby. The tail is carried like that of -the squirrel and is long and heavily feathered, which again accounts for -him sometimes being called the Squirrel Spaniel. His coat should be long -and silky, abundant on the body and tail and ears, but short on the -mask. - - -[Illustration] - - WIRE-HAIRED DUTCH TERRIER - -Color: Red, yellow-brown, dirty yellow with moustaches, beard and eye -lashes often black. - -Height: 17 in. - -Weight: 27 lbs. - -This is a rather commonly built dog, lively and intelligent; is a good -ratter and is a stable dog rather than a ladies’ pet. The head is rather -round and short, with stop well defined and the skull well covered with -a short and hard coat. The eyes are rather large and round, dark brown -in color, with an intelligent and lively expression. The ears are set on -high, carried erect, and cropped to points, covered with coat shorter -and softer than on the body. The tail is always docked, carried gaily -and should be well coated but without feathering. The coat is hard, wiry -and rough, never curly, wavy or woolly. - - -[Illustration] - - DUTCH SHEEPDOG - -Color: Immaterial, but no pie colors allowed. - -Height: 21 in. - -Weight: 52 lbs. - -A strong, well-built dog, very active and intelligent. The head is -rather long and narrow, with flat skull, no stop, ears erect and of -medium size, pointed at the tip and set on high. The neck is muscular -and clean. Chest deep but not too broad, back strong, and on the short -side. The tail is carried low, and is never docked. There are three -varieties as to coat. A. A short, smooth coat like that of the smooth -collie; B. A long, rough coat similar to the rough collie but without -the frill; C. A wiry or broken coat with smooth mask, and with distinct -beard and eyebrows. - - -[Illustration] - - DANISH POINTER - -Color: Yellow-orange with white markings on the legs, feet, chest, -muzzle and tip of tail. Self-colored yellow-orange is objectionable. - -Height: 26 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -In general appearance the Danish Pointer is smaller in size than the -other varieties; the head is light and fairly long, muzzle long and -broad; eyes of medium size and brown topaz in color, giving a pleasant -expression, ears soft and hanging gracefully close to the cheeks and -moderately long; neck is long, round and arched, free from dewlaps; body -though light is powerful looking; back not too short and very strong, -with loins and hindquarters full of muscle; stern fine and rather short. - - - - - Austro-Hungarian Breeds - - - AUSTRIAN HOUND - HUNGARIAN SHEEPDOG - BOSNIAN HOUND - DALMATIAN - - -[Illustration] - - AUSTRIAN HOUND - -Color: Black with tan or yellow, brown and red in all shades and -self-colored white. - -Height: 21 in. - -Weight: About 50 lbs. - -A dog of medium size, rather long, strong and of elastic structure. The -head is of medium size, broad in skull, eyebrows well defined, and with -pendulous lips. Eyes bright, brown and intelligent. Ears of medium -length, not too broad, round at the tips, and set high. The body is -strong, neck of medium length and very strong, chest broad and fairly -long in the back. Stern is long, strong at the root and tapering. The -coat: A. smooth, dense and glossy; B. semi-long, wiry and dull. - - -[Illustration] - - HUNGARIAN SHEEPDOG - -Color: White or dirty white, sometimes seen with a yellow tip on the -ears. - -Height: 27 in. - -Weight: 73 lbs. - -This is a well-made muscular dog, with broad skull, long and tapering -muzzle. The eyes are small, set in obliquely and rather close together, -of dark color and of an energetic and sometimes sour expression. The -ears are small and carried close to the head and covered with smooth -hair. The back is long, straight and well developed. The tail is carried -low. His coat is fairly long, flat, dense and hard, sometimes wavy, but -never curly. - - -[Illustration] - - BOSNIAN HOUND - -Color: Red, brown white with yellow, or red patches and tri-color. -Height: 25 in. Weight: 65 lbs. - -This is a well-built, lively dog and conveys the impression of great -stamina. The head is somewhat like that of the rough-coated German -pointer, eyes bright, yellow or light brown in color, and of medium -size. His heavy eyebrows give a rather threatening expression. Ears of -medium length, broad, rounded at the tips, set on high, and hanging -close to the head. He is broad in chest with neck long and well arched -and well rounded in rib. Stern of fair length, strong at the root and -carried downwards. The coat is hard, wiry and dense. - - -[Illustration] - - DALMATIAN - -Color: Color together with markings are most important. The ground -should be white. He should be spotted with either black or liver-colored -spots clearly defined and on no account should the spots run into each -other and they should be as round as possible. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 55 lbs. - -A strong, muscular, active dog capable of great endurance. In size, -build and outline he very much resembles the pointer. - -The eyes are round, bright and sparkling, as dark as possible in the -black spotted dogs, though a yellow tint is allowed in the liver dogs. -Ears are set on high, of moderate size and carried close to the head, of -fine texture, and the more profusely they are spotted the better. His -back is strong and muscular, tail of fair length carried with a nice -curve upwards but not curled and should be well spotted. The coat is -short, hard, dense and fine in texture, but must not be woolly or silky. - - - - - Spanish Breeds - - - SPANISH POINTER - MEDELAN - - -[Illustration] - - SPANISH POINTER - -Color: Brown and white, red and white, black and white, and pure brown. -The white must not predominate. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 80 lbs. - -In general appearance the Spanish Pointer is a somewhat heavy, loosely -made dog, larger than the English Pointer. The head is indented between -the eyes, broad in skull, square, long and broad in muzzle with lips -large and pendulous. The eyes are large and somewhat sunken in the head. -Ears thin, loose and of moderate length. Chest broad and deep. Back and -hind quarters very muscular. The stern is strong at the root, tapering -towards the end and is frequently docked. - - -[Illustration] - - MEDELAN - -Color: A dirty color or grizzled red with white patches and always -shaded with black or darker color, like the St. Bernard and Mastiff. - -Height: 27 in. - -Weight: 180 lbs. - -A powerful and imposing dog resembling in many features the Mastiff and -the Bordeaux, but is longer and harder in coat. The head is very heavy, -powerful, large and square, with skull broad between the ears. The -muzzle short, blunt, broad and square, and the lips have heavy pendulous -flews. Eyes are small and brown, and convey a grave and sometimes an -almost grumbling expression, and show the haw. Ears small, set on high, -and hang close to the head. Body is strong, neck strong, heavy and -muscular, chest deep and broad, back long, broad and powerful. Tail -long, heavy, and carried downwards. Coat is semi-long, dense and hard. - - - - - Swiss Breeds - - - ST. BERNARD - SWISS SETTER - LUCERN HOUND - BERN HOUND - SWISS HOUND - - -[Illustration] - - ST. BERNARD - -Color: Red, orange, various shades of brindle, or white with patches on -body, of the above named colors. He should have white muzzle, blaze up -face, collar, chest, forelegs, feet and end of tail, with black shadings -on face and ears. - -Height: Not less than 30 in. - -Weight: 200 lbs. - -This dog is known as the “Saintly” breed and may by his size, -magnificent appearance, beautiful temper and docility be justly regarded -as one of the finest examples and most noble members of the canine -species. The head is large and massive, short and square in the muzzle, -with great depth from eye to lower jaw. The eyes are rather small, -deeply set and dark in color, the lower eyelid drooping, showing the -haw. His expression should betoken benevolence, dignity and -intelligence. Ears of medium size and not heavily feathered. Chest wide -and deep with level back, well rounded ribs, and very muscular loins. He -should be strong and straight on his legs. The tail is long and bushy, -carried low when in repose. There are two varieties as regards coat: A. -In the long-coated variety it should be dense and flat, rather fuller -around the neck, with the thighs well feathered; B. In the short-coated -variety, it should be close and hound-like and only slightly feathered -on thighs and tail. - - -[Illustration] - - SWISS SETTER - -Color: Mixed chestnut and grizzle, trout color, or white and chestnut -with grizzled patches. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 52 lbs. - -In general appearance the Swiss Setter is a well built, intelligent and -rustic looking dog. The head is rather light and short skull round and -broad, occipital bone well developed, and with a well defined stop. The -eyes should not be too small and should be brown or yellow brown in -color. Back straight, strong and muscular, chest well developed, but not -too broad, and well rounded in rib. The stern is often docked, otherwise -it should be carried scimitar shaped. The coat should be very dense, but -not hard. - - -[Illustration] - - LUCERN HOUND - -Color: Iron-gray, steel-blue, blue mottled with large dark or black -patches, and some have the head, body and paws with pale yellow or tan -markings. Height: 19 in. Weight: 45 lbs. - -A dog of medium size and of fine structure. Head long, narrow and fine, -eyes bright, large and intelligent, and dark brown in color, ears set on -low, not too broad, are long and carried close to the head, with rounded -tips. He is straight and broad in back. Stern of medium length and -tapering to a point. The coat is short, smooth, fine and glossy. - - -[Illustration] - - BERN HOUND - -Color: Tri-color, white, black, brown-yellow, or tan. White with large -black patches and tan markings on the eyes, jaws, and inside of the -ears. - -Height: 21 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -This is a leggy and longish dog of elegant and muscular build. The head -is long, narrow and somewhat pinched. Skull high and occipital bone well -developed. The eyes are bright and dark. Ears set on backwards and are -long but not too broad. They are rather pointed at the tips. Is deep and -broad in chest, long and not too broad in back. Stern is not too heavy, -tapers to the point and is carried down. He is smooth, short and fine in -coat. - - -[Illustration] - - SWISS HOUND - -Color: White with large yellow, orange or tan patches. Frequently -spotted with red or yellow markings and a black shade with red color is -permissible. The skin is often spotted with black, giving him a blue -appearance when out of coat. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 46 lbs. - -A dog of medium size, strong but not heavily built. The skull is broad -and the occipital bone well developed, eyes rather large but not -prominent, hazel brown, bright and intelligent. The ears are not set on -too high, are thin and moderately long, and covered with fine hair. -Chest deep and not too broad, and is short and broad in back. Stern of -medium length, fairly short, strong at the root, and well coated. There -are two varieties as to coat: A. Smooth and dense, which is fine and -glossy on the head, ears and shoulders, and coarser on the back; B. -Medium length, coarse, hard and dull. - - - - - Russian Breeds - - - BORZOI (Russian Wolfhound) - RUSSIAN YELLOW RETRIEVER - RUSSIAN HOUND - OWTCHAR - SAMOYED - - -[Illustration] - - BORZOI - -Color: Immaterial, except that self-colored specimens or those with -heavy, black markings are objectionable. - -Height: 33 in. - -Weight: 100 lbs. - -The Borzoi is one of the most ancient of Russian breeds and should -possess great size, great speed and great strength. The head is of -extraordinary length, and should appear rather Roman nosed in profile. -The eyes are dark, expressive and almond-shaped; ears small, thin and -placed well back on the head; the chest is deep and narrow; the back -bony, and well arched; loins broad and very powerful, with well sprung -ribs; the tail is long and well feathered and carried low; the coat -should be long and silky, not woolly, and on the neck it should be -profuse and rather curly. - -This breed, though originating from Russia, has been bred and exhibited -in England since 1872. The Duchess of Newcastle and, a little later, -Queen Alexandra, then the Princess of Wales, are mainly responsible for -the popular favor in which they are now regarded. The finest collection -in the world, however, is owned by the Grand Duke Nicholas, at Perchina, -near Moscow. These are said to excel even those possessed by the Czar, -from whom dogs cannot be purchased. - - -[Illustration] - - RUSSIAN YELLOW RETRIEVER - -Color: Yellow or rich red sable. - -Height: 28 in. - -Weight: 90 lbs. - -This dog is similar in all essentials to the English Retriever, except -that he is a size bigger and heavier in coat, and of course different in -color, as his name implies. He is used principally for tracking wounded -deer. - - -[Illustration] - - RUSSIAN HOUND - -Color: Grizzle or black, with tan markings, often with a white collar, -feet and tip of tail. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 58 lbs. - -The head much resembles that of a wolf, being considerably broader -between the ears than at the forehead. Eyes of medium size, bright, -brown or yellow, sometimes nearly black. Ears small and hanging with a -tendency to prick when the dog is angry. Stern is short, strong at the -root, and carried straight. The coat is hard and smooth, with a woolly -under coat, and the wolf or fox brush. - - -[Illustration] - - OWTCHAR (Russian Sheepdog) - -Color: Slate color, dirty white, and nearly black. - -Height: 32 in. - -Weight: 105 lbs. - -This is a large and strongly built dog of very great antiquity. His head -is massive, round, and covered with softer hair than on the body. The -eyes are rather large, dark brown in color, and very intelligent. The -ears are of fair size, hanging, well coated, and are sometimes cut and -carried semi-erect. He has a short, muscular neck, strong, well -developed body, and is the largest of all the varieties of the sheep -dogs, and is intended to defend his flocks against wolves. The tail is -often docked, otherwise it should be well coated, and his coat is very -dense and somewhat woolly. - - -[Illustration] - - SAMOYED - -Color: White or white with black, brown or wolf patches. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -A dog of medium size, well built and cobby, covered with a thick fur. -The head is slightly domed and fairly broad. He is rather small in eyes, -which should be dark in color and set obliquely in the head, and convey -a very intelligent and lively expression. The ears are erect, broad at -the root, and taper to a point. The neck is strong and muscular, the -chest broad and deep, and back short, straight and strong. Tail is short -and heavily coated, and carried curled over the back. His stand-off coat -is semi-long, dense and thick, and abundant around the neck, with a -short and dense undercoat. - -Breeds of the Northern Latitudes of Europe and Asia - - FINNISH POM - FINNISH ELKHOUND - NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND - SWEDIAN HOUND - NORWEGIAN HOUND - ICELAND DOG - DOG OF NOORLAND - LAPLAND SHEEPDOG - ESQUIMAU - -[Illustration: - - _Dogs Sledging in the Icefields of the Northern Latitudes._ -] - - -[Illustration] - - FINNISH POM - -Color: Foxy-red or yellow-red, often with a white patch on chest, feet -and tip of tail. - -Height: 18 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -A cobbily-built dog with an intrepid and audacious appearance. The head -of medium size, lean, not too round, and stop well defined. Eyes are -obliquely set in the head, giving him a mild, lively and intelligent -expression, and are dark or light brown in color. The ears are set on -high, carried erect, very mobile, and of moderate size. Has muscular -neck, chest deep but not too broad, and body straight, broad and short. -The tail is thick at the root, profusely covered with long hair, and -carried curled over the back. His coat is smooth on head and forelegs, -but long, dense and perfectly straight on the body with a dense and -fluffy undercoat. It should be very abundant around the neck, forming a -frill. - - -[Illustration] - - FINNISH HOUND - -Color: Red-brown, shade of yellow on muzzle and legs; white patches -permissible. - -Height: 23 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -A proportionately built dog with long, broad muzzle, light brown eyes, -deep chest, muscular loins, rather high on leg in proportion to his -body, medium length tail, carried like a saber. His coat is flat, smooth -though rather coarse on the back. - - -[Illustration] - - NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND - -Color: Grizzle in all its shade; grizzle-brown, grizzle-brown and black. -A white patch on the chest and feet is permissible. The undercoat should -be pale brown. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -In stature this dog is rather short, but he has much strength and -temerity. The head is carried high, is large and square, broad between -the ears, with “stop” well defined. Eyes should be dark brown or -yellow-brown and convey an active and courageous expression. The ears -are pointed, carried erect and very mobile. The body is short, and the -chest broad and deep. The stern is of medium length, thick and heavy and -carried curled over the back. His coat is short and flat on the head but -hard, coarse and rather long on the body. - - -[Illustration] - - SWEDIAN HOUND - -Color: Black—the head, chest and legs being tan or dark yellow. White -patches on the head, chest, feet and tip of tail are permissible. Also -tan or dark yellow with large white patches. - -Height: 33 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -This is a well-built dog with a noble head, which is long and lean. The -eyes are bright and for preference are dark in color. Chest deep and -straight and broad in the back. Stern of medium length, strong at the -root, and carried with a slight curve. His coat is thick, hard, dense -and glossy. - - -[Illustration] - - NORWEGIAN HOUND - -Color: Iron gray patches and spots on blue background; so-called “trout” -color with brown-brindle in patches, tan markings; blue-merle; black -with tan or brown markings; tan with white patches. Iron-gray with tan -markings is not desirable. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 60 lbs. - -This is a strongly built dog rather long in body, and with a grave and -intelligent expression. The head is large, of medium breadth, not domed -and with distinct “stop.” Eyes are brown. Blue-merle dogs have “China” -ears. Ears set on rather high, of medium length and breadth, and hang -close to the head. The chest is broad rather than deep. Stern of medium -length, carried rather high. The coat is thick and glossy. - - -[Illustration] - - ICELAND DOG - -Color: Brownish or gray, sometimes dirty white or dirty yellow, and is -frequently seen with black on the back. - -Height: 14 in. - -Weight: 45 lbs. - -This is a lightly built dog with a “game” temperament. The head is large -in proportion to his body, with broad domed skull, and rather short, -snipy muzzle. The ears are large at the base, pointed and carried erect, -though sometimes semi-erect. He is large and deep in chest, short in -body, with bushy tail carried over the back. His coat is hard, of medium -length, flat and shorter on the head and legs. - - -[Illustration] - - DOG OF NOORLAND - -Color: All shades of grizzle with black or darker tips. The under coat -should be as white as possible. A yellow undercoat is a fault. - -Height: 22 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -A strong and well-built dog on rather cobby lines; the head is rather -small, slightly arched and without “stop.” Eyes should be dark brown, -bright and intelligent. Ears small, very mobile, carried erect and set -high on the head. Chest deep and broad. The tail is strong, medium -length, and curled over the back. The coat is short and thick on the -head, legs and feet, and more abundant on the body. - - -[Illustration] - - LAPLAND SHEEPDOG - -Color: Black, rusty black, grizzle with white feet. White dogs with -reddish brown patches and self-colored yellow-brown ones are highly -appreciated, but all white is a fault. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This dog has a rather long body, which is well covered with thick, -abundant coat. The skull is broad and domed; ears erect; eyes large, -brown and intelligent; chest narrow and deep. His tail is sometimes -docked, but when not is well coated and curled over the back. The coat -on the head is short, but on the body should be long, thick and dense, -and never wavy, and he should have a very dense undercoat and a distinct -frill. - - -[Illustration] - - ESQUIMAU - -Color: Black or rusty black with white patches, and white chest. -Sometimes brown with gray patches and all white. - -Height: 16 in. - -Weight: 56 lbs. - -This is a medium-sized, well-boned dog, with broad domed skull, rather -snipy muzzle, with well defined “stop.” The ears are broad, pointed and -carried erect, and the insides should be well coated. The eyes are -small, dark in color, and of intelligent expression. The chest is broad -rather than deep and the tail long, bushy and carried over the back. His -coat is dense, flat, hard and long, especially on the back, with dense, -woolly undercoat. - - - - - United States of America Breeds - - - BOSTON TERRIER - AMERICAN BLOODHOUND - CHESAPEAKE - AMERICAN FOXHOUND - - -[Illustration] - - BOSTON TERRIER - -Color: Brindle with even white markings. - -Weight: Not exceeding 27 lbs., divided into three classes, as follows: -A. under 17 lbs.; B. 17 to 22 lbs.; C. 22 to 27 lbs. - -The general appearance of the Boston Terrier should be that of a lively, -highly intelligent, smooth-coated, short headed, compactly built, short -tailed, well balanced dog. The head should indicate a high degree of -intelligence, the body rather short and well knit, limbs strong and -neatly turned. This dog should convey an appearance of determination, -strength and activity, with easy, graceful carriage. Color and even -white markings are given particular consideration in the matter of -general appearance. The skull is square, flat, free from wrinkles, -abrupt brow, eyes wide apart, large and round, and dark in color. The -muzzle is short, square, wide and deep, and free from wrinkles, and the -ears should be small and thin. The body is deep with wide chest, and -well sprung ribs. The tail is set on low, straight or screw, short, fine -and tapering, and the coat is short, smooth and of fine texture. - - -[Illustration] - - AMERICAN BLOODHOUND - -Color: Tan, black and tan. The black and tan must be well defined; white -is not allowed except a small spot on the breast. Height: 28 in. Weight: -60 lbs. - -A dog showing much hound character, but is smaller and lighter in muzzle -and bone than the English Bloodhound. The skull should be rounded -crossways with the occiput slightly prominent. The eyes are piercing -with hound expression and hazel in color. The ears should reach to end -of muzzle and as much longer as possible; they are thin, covered with a -soft silky coat, and low set. The neck should be clean and of good -length without throatiness. Back broad, strong and short and hind -quarters very strong and muscular. The stern is not very strong in bone -at the root and of medium length. The coat is not rough, nor so fine as -to be silky, wiry or shaggy. - - -[Illustration] - - CHESAPEAKE - -Color: Nearly resembling wet sedge grass or discolored coat of the -Buffalo. - -Height: 24 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -A symmetrical and well built dog with a head somewhat broad, yellow -eyes, small ears placed well upon the head, of lively and intelligent -expression. Powerfully built, with a somewhat coarse coat which has a -tendency to waviness over the shoulders. His skin is protected from the -water by a short woolly and dense undercoat. - - -[Illustration] - - AMERICAN FOXHOUND - -Color: Not material, but usually black and tan and white. Height: Males, -24 in. Weight: 60 lbs. - -The American Foxhound is a strong, clean-limbed dog, built on lighter -lines than his English brother and resembles him in all other -essentials. - - - - - Mexican Breeds - - - MEXICAN HAIRLESS - CHIHUAHUA - - -[Illustration] - - MEXICAN HAIRLESS - -Color: Generally color of elephant’s hide. The skin always feels cold -and is often mottled with flesh-colored, pink or grizzle patches. -Weight: From 8 to 20 lbs. - -In body properties they somewhat resemble the black and tan “Manchester” -terrier. The “points” of this breed are not sufficiently well known to -have enabled breeders to formulate a standard. - - -[Illustration] - - CHIHUAHUA - -Color: Reddish black and fawn. Weight: From 1½ to 4 lbs. - -This dog is strictly of Mexican origin, though it is also found in the -state of Texas. It is the most diminutive of all breeds. Is remarkably -game and exclusive in its affections. His legs are very slender and toe -nails very long and strong, features which seem to justify the belief -that in early days they inhabited the dense forests of northern Mexico. -The head is round with sharp pointed nose, and large erect ears. - -This breed is famous as a performing dog, being very intelligent and -agile. - - - - - Japanese Breed - - - JAPANESE SPANIEL - - -[Illustration] - - JAPANESE SPANIEL - -Color: Black and white, or red and white. The term red includes all -shades of sable, brindle, lemon and orange, but the brighter and clearer -the red the better. The white should be clear white and whatever color -the patches are they should be evenly distributed over the body, cheeks -and ears. - -This is a lively, highly bred little dog, of dainty, smart appearance, -compact carriage, profuse coat, and very stylish in movement. The head -should be large, broad, and slightly rounded, with strong and wide -muzzle, very short from eyes to nose. The under-jaw should be slightly -turned up, but the teeth should not be shown. The nose should be wide -and open, and must be the color of the dog’s markings. The eyes are -large, dark, lustrous, prominent and set wide apart. Ears small, nicely -feathered and set high on the head. The body is very compact and -squarely built with short cobby back. In fact the length of the dog -should be about equal to his total height. The tail is carried in a -tight curl over the back and should be profusely feathered, so as to -give the appearance of a beautiful plume. - -During the last thirty years the popular taste for the Japanese Spaniel -has called for smaller and smaller specimens, until now the more -diminutive they are the more valuable have they become. In Japan they -are affected by the ladies as “sleeve” dogs, such being almost -priceless. It is not now uncommon to find them 2½ lbs. weight, though -fully matured. These small specimens are now also freely bred in -England, the climate of which country appears to suit them very well. - - - - - Chinese Breeds - - - PEKINGESE SPANIEL - HAPPA - CHOW-CHOW - PUG - CHINESE CRESTED - LITTLE LION DOG - - -[Illustration] - - PEKINGESE - -Color: All colors are allowable—red, fawn, black, black and tan, sable, -brindle, white and parti-colors. Those with black masks and “spectacles” -around the eyes and lines to ears are the most appreciated. - -Weight: A. 10 to 18 lbs.; B. Under 10 lbs. - -This is probably the most fashionable pet dog now in vogue. His -character is full of dignity and consummate pride, and disgust for -anything menial or common. His head is massive, broad, wide and flat -between the ears and eyes. The eyes should be large, dark, prominent, -round and lustrous. “Stop” deep. Ears heart-shaped, drooping and well -feathered. Muzzle very short, broad and wrinkled. He has a heavy-fronted -body and light hind quarters, and the great coat on the frill and neck -give him a lion-like appearance. The coat should be long, straight and -flat, with dense undercoat and well feathered on thighs, legs, tail and -toes. - - -[Illustration] - - HAPPA - -The Happa is identical in every respect with the Pekingese Spaniel, -except that his coat is short and smooth. - - -[Illustration] - - CHOW-CHOW - -Colors: Black, red, yellow, blue, white. All self-colors. - -Height: 20 in. - -Weight: 50 lbs. - -A lively, compact, short-bodied dog with well-knit frame, and tail -curled well over the back. The skull is flat and broad, well filled out -under the eyes, and broad at the snout. His tongue should be black, eyes -dark and small, though in the blue shades a lighter colored eye is -permissible. The ears are small, pointed and erect, and should be placed -well forward over the eyes, a feature which gives the dog a -characteristic expression or “scowl” peculiar to the breed. The chest is -broad and deep; back short, straight and strong, and his coat in the -rough variety should be abundant, dense, straight, coarse in texture, -with a soft woolly undercoat. Smooth-coated Chows are identically the -same as above, except that the coat should be smooth, short and dense. - - -[Illustration] - - PUG - -Color: Silver fawn, apricot fawn, black. - -Height: 12 in. - -Weight: 17 lbs. - -This is a square and cobby dog, short in body, and wide in chest. His -compactness of form and hardness of developed muscle are his chief -characteristics. The head is large, massive and round, muzzle short, -blunt and square, and he should have large and deep wrinkles. The eyes -are very large, dark, bold and prominent, with a soft and solicitous -expression, and when excited be full of “fire.” The ears are thin, small -and soft and of two varieties as regards carriage—“rose” and “button.” -The tail is curled as tightly as possible over the hip; a double curl is -considered perfection. His coat is fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy, -neither too hard nor too woolly. - - -[Illustration] - - CHINESE CRESTED DOG - -Height: 12 in. - -Weight: 20 lbs. - -This is a hairless breed, except that he has a silky top-knot or crest, -and some feathering or tuft at the root of the tail, which feature is -considered very typical of the breed. It is difficult to assign its -origin, but they are found freely in the South and Central American -States, Mexico, South Africa and China. The ears should be carried erect -and are never cut. The conformation of the body is like that of the -black and tan terrier, but the head is shorter and the skull more -rounded. The skin always feels cold and is of the color of the hide of -an elephant. Some are mottled with flesh-colored patches, and sometimes -the skin is of a pink color with grizzle patches. - - -[Illustration] - - LITTLE LION DOG - -Color: All colors, self-colored or parti-colors. The most preferable -being the self-colored white, black and lemon. - -Height: 14 in. - -Weight: 9 lbs. - -This is a small ladies’ pet dog, very active and intelligent, generally -with one-third of his body clipped or shaved, which gives him the -appearance of a lion in miniature. The head is short and broad; eyes -large, round and intelligent, and dark in color, and his well feathered -ears are long and hanging. The tail is of medium length, is clipped at -the root, and well feathered at the tip. The coat is long and wavy, but -not curly. - - - - - Various Greyhounds - - - BALEARIC (Spain) - PHU-QUOC (Siam) - PERSIAN - PORTUGUESE - ARABIAN - -In addition to the above named varieties of the Greyhound, there are -others known as Greyhounds of Crimea, of Caucasus, of Circassia, of -Tartary, of Kurdistan, and of Anatoly. None of these, however, have any -adopted “points,” but are rather the result of crossings between the -Borzoi and the different Asiatic greyhounds which are portrayed in other -parts of this work. - -As a general rule these dogs are used for hunting various kinds of -fleet-footed game, sometimes in the interest of sport, but more -frequently in the protection of the homestead against wolves and other -kinds of wild beasts. - - -[Illustration] - - BALEARIC GREYHOUND - -Color: Red fawn or fawn with white patches. - -Height: 25 in. - -Weight: 66 lbs. - -This is a lean-looking dog and by no means elegant. The skull is -slightly domed, narrow and long, and the jaws are long and powerful. His -almond-shaped, brown eyes convey a sour expression. The ears are -pointed, erect, set on high, turned outwards, and very movable. The head -is lean and straight, neck straight and rather short, with short and -powerful loins. The coat is short, hard and fairly long on the back, -neck and tail. - - -[Illustration] - - PHU-QUOC GREYHOUND - -Color: Reddish fawn with black muzzle and with dark strip down the back. - -Height: 21 in. - -Weight: 40 lbs. - -This is a heavy kind of greyhound with a long, slightly domed skull, -broad muzzle, jaw is long and powerful, lips and tongue black and with -reddish eyes giving him a savage expression. The ears are carried erect, -shell shaped and somewhat pointed. He is coarse in body, very long and -flexible in neck, with broad and strong loins. The tail is short, very -movable and carried curled over the back. The coat on the body and legs -is very short and dense, and this dog is peculiar and different from any -other kind in that the hair on the back grows the wrong way, and is much -longer and harder there than on the rest of his body. - - -[Illustration] - - PORTUGUESE GREYHOUND - -Color: Reddish-roe, dark yellow, mouse grey, or black, with small white -patch only on the chest. - -Height: 29 in. - -Weight About 56 lbs. - -A muscular and well-built dog, but rather coarse for a greyhound. The -head is narrow and pointed, jaws long, strong and powerful, and his -hazel-brown eyes convey a lively expression. The ears are large, carried -erect, sometimes semi-erect, pointed and set on not too high. The back -is long and slightly arched, with muscular and rather coarse body, tail -long and fine, carried upwards in a slight curve. Coat is smooth and in -others wire-haired or broken. - - -[Illustration] - - PERSIAN GREYHOUND - -Color: Black, various shades of fawn and sometimes a dirty white. - -Height: 28 in. - -Weight: 70 lbs. - -This is a rather big dog, but delicate and elegant in outline. His head -is fine, light, lean and bony, with a slightly domed skull. The eyes are -mild, intelligent and dark brown. The ears hang close to the head, are -long and well feathered with wavy hair. The neck is arched, elegant and -slender. Chest deep and back straight, long and strong. He is moderately -long in tail, which is carried hanging like a sabre. The coat is smooth -and very soft, but is much longer on the ears and tail, where it is -silky and wavy. - - -[Illustration] - - ARABIAN GREYHOUND - -Color: Light yellow sand color with black mask and black eyelids. - -Height: 28 in. - -Weight: 65 lbs. - -This is a dog of lean, elegant and alert appearance. He is higher on the -leg and shorter in the body than the English Greyhound. He is not as -long in the head but more domed in the skull than the English dog, and -seen in profile the head has some resemblance to that of the Jackal. The -eyes are large, dark amber in color, and intelligent in expression. He -is rather large in ears, which are folded well down on the neck. He is -strong and muscular in neck with hind quarters well developed. The tail -is fairly long, fine and carried curved downwards. The coat is smooth, -dense and fine. - - - - -[Illustration: - - _Belgian Dogs trained to draw quick-firing guns_ -] - - Dogs in Warfare - - _“Cry Havoc! and let slip the dogs of war”_ - - -However trite may be the saying that history repeats itself, it is -unquestionably apposite in regard to the employment of dogs in warfare. -Great hounds were used to guard the camps of Rome. In even more -primitive times they were formidable adversaries in hand-to-hand -conflicts, while to come to more modern days Frederick the Great and -Napoleon—two of the greatest soldiers the world has ever seen—held a -very high opinion of the value of canine sentries. Napoleon, in fact, is -said to have urged Marmont to fasten dogs to stakes around the circuit -of the walls of Alexandria to keep guard. - -Recent wars have served to emphasize the advantages which may be gained -by the use of the peculiar qualities of scent and hearing which dogs -possess. Their sense of scent we human beings lack almost entirely, -while they not only hear audible things more quickly than we do, but -also hear things which are quite inaudible to us. Is it to be wondered -at, therefore, that military experts have not been slow to recognize -such potential properties? - - - WHAT THEY HAVE DONE - -The present-day tendency consequently is to bring dogs more and more -into the foreground in warfare. During the Russo-Japanese War the whole -of the Manchurian Railway line was guarded by dogs, who gave the alarm, -and on several occasions prevented the Japanese crossing the line. Those -which were sent out from England with the Abor Expedition, N. W. -Frontier, more than once prevented the sentries from being rushed during -night duty, owing to their keener sense of hearing. In the Tripoli -campaign their value was frequently demonstrated, while the dogs -belonging to Major Richardson, the famous English trainer of war dogs, -rendered yeoman service to the Bulgarians at the siege of Adrianople, -where they were able to give warning of attempted sorties by the Turks. -Some of Major Richardson’s well-trained animals were also used in the -Spanish trenches in Morocco, being responsible for the finding of -hundreds of wounded men who would otherwise have been left to their -fate. - - - USED BY GREAT ARMIES - -At the present moment most of the modern armies employ dogs, although -naturally opinions differ as to the most suitable type of dog. The -Russians have adopted the Caucasian dog; Austria, Dalmatians; Turkey, -Asiatic Sheepdogs; France and Belgium, the smugglers’ dogs of the -Belgium frontier; while Germany uses Collies, Pointers and Airedales. So -far the British Army has ignored the value of trained dogs, though the -Admiralty some five years ago instituted a scheme for the use of dogs in -naval stations ashore. Major Richardson believes that the only really -useful dogs are the Airedale, Sheepdog, and Bloodhound. - -What part dogs will play in the present great conflict time only will -show, but that it will probably be a large one may be gathered from the -fact that the German army alone possesses over 6,000. - -[Illustration: - - _Corps of Sentry Dogs_ -] - -The importance of determining some efficient and economical form of -traction for Infantry machine guns had been under consideration in -Belgium before the war. Up till recently, pack-horse transport had been -considered the most satisfactory system. Exhaustive trials between this -method and that of wheel traction by a pair of dogs of a breed known in -that country as the Belgian Mastiff, have, however, resulted in favour -of the latter, and the final adoption of this mode of transport for the -Machine Gun Units of the Belgium Army. This form of traction is not -novel in Belgium in civil life. According to the Journal of the Royal -Artillery the breeding of dogs for light draught purposes has long been -in vogue in that country, for the purpose of conveying farm produce from -the country into the towns. Dog traction is employed by the country -people—milkmen, bakers, greengrocers, and many artisans with light -carts—in conducting their trade and business. There are reckoned to be -50,000 dogs available for this purpose in Belgium, of which 10,000 are -in Brussels alone. They are found to be admirably suited for the -purpose. Their bodies are thick-set, loins strong, and they have deep -chests, and muscular limbs. A dog of 110 lbs. weight is capable of -drawing on a good road a load of 880 lbs., and a horse 1,100 to 1,300 -lbs. (or ten times and upwards the weight of one of these dogs), cannot -draw much more than the equivalent increase of his weight. With an -average load of 660 lbs. behind the team on good roads, a dog can keep -up for long distances a pace of 4 or 5 miles an hour; for several -hundred yards he can attain a speed of from 6 to 7 miles an hour. - -The price of a pack-horse is not less than £40, and his daily forage may -be reckoned to cost about ¼–½ a day, without taking into consideration -the construction and upkeep of his stable. The pack-saddle costs about -£15, whereas dog harness can be purchased for the pair of dogs for -something less than £4. A male dog costs £4, and his food per day -amounts to about 4½d. Finally, the small carriage for the machine gun or -ammunition cart costs about £8, and the net cost for construction and -upkeep of kennels is something small. Moreover, as the dog does not -require shoes, lameness is rare, which we well know from the enormous -distances he can go when hunting. He is intelligent and docile, and puts -all his heart into serving his master faithfully under all -circumstances. The length of his military service may be taken at from -eight to nine years. The discipline of the trained dog is such that an -untrained dog, harnessed with him, would be compelled to submit to all -the movements of the former. On the march, and under fire, one can rely -on his working till absolutely exhausted or mortally wounded. These are -the qualities which can be developed in the breeding kennel, and in his -subsequent training. The four wheels of the little gun carriage are made -of tubes of steel, light, low and stable, and fitted with pneumatic -tires. The carriage complete does not weigh more than 220 lbs., and is -easily dragged by the team of two dogs, or eventually carried by the -four members of the detachment. Its height and breadth are each about 31 -inches. The trials were carried out to test the following: Visibility, -mobility on roads and across country, overcoming obstacles, and -resistance to fatigue. They lasted three weeks in bad weather, during -which a distance of 250 miles was covered. The six pack-horses were -wither-galled, and had to be successively replaced but not so the dogs. -On the march across country, or commons, of from 1½ to 3 miles, where -the ground presented obstacles or was broken up, the dogs gained without -doubt in mobility and speed over the horses, especially when ditches, -hedges and low walls had to be negotiated. The teams crossed with ease -ploughed land and crops, copses and banks. Assisted by the detachments -they crossed over deep ditches and steep slopes. The horses showed signs -of fatigue long before the dogs. The latter were afraid of nothing, and -followed perfectly the member of the detachment charged with leading -each team. They lay down or resumed the order of march on a signal, -without even barking, and in perfect order. - -The smallest fold in the ground concealed the teams, and at 300 yards -distance, nothing of them could be distinguished. Coming into or out of -action was more rapidly effected than in the case of the pack-horses. - -[Illustration: - - _Dog Harness_ -] - -The regiments to which they were attached had three sections, each of 2 -guns and 4 ammunition carts, requiring 36 dogs for the 18 vehicles. - -In action the dogs gave every satisfaction, and whilst halted in -positions of readiness for often considerable periods, they lay down -quietly waiting in their harness. - -In coming into action the Nos. 1 had sometimes to creep on in front, -accompanied by the team driver of each gun, in order to choose their -positions in actions. At a signal, the teams moved quickly up into the -emplacements when, the detachments having brought the guns into action, -the empty carriages with their drivers proceeded to the rear and -rejoined the ammunition carts under cover. - -The trials indeed were so successful that orders were issued to erect, -for all infantry regiments, kennels for a dozen dogs per unit, and at -Beverloo a remount and training establishment for these dogs was to be -formed. - -It is even reported in the course of the campaign, in Belgium that the -war dogs of the machine guns took a still more active part by “going -for” German soldiery. - -[Illustration: - - _The Ambulance Dog at Work_ -] - - - AMBULANCE DOGS - -Not until the history of the present European war comes to be written -will it be known just how great have been the services of the dog for -ambulance work. Shortly after the outbreak of this, the world’s greatest -war, an Association in Germany, formed about the year 1893, known as the -Ambulance Dogs’ Association, greatly increased its activities. - -It has been found by experience that the best breeds for ambulance work -are collies, retrievers, bloodhounds, Airedale terriers, German shepherd -dogs and Dobermann Pinschers. It is absolutely essential that ambulance -dogs should be extremely wiry and hardy, and capable of great hardship -and endurance, otherwise they are of little use. - -The manner in which ambulance, dogs are employed is to help the Red -Cross men and doctors to search for wounded within a given area on the -battlefield. A dog’s sense of scent and acute hearing enable him -frequently to detect the sound of the breathing of a wounded man when -inaudible to the human ear. Moreover, a puff of wind often suffices to -carry to the dog’s nose the scent of a man lying possibly unconscious in -some concealed place. - -Fields of battle nowadays are widely extended, and soldiers have to take -advantage of every possible bit of natural cover. The instinct of the -wounded is to use their last strength in seeking protection from -artillery fire, cavalry charges, the wheels of guns, and the other -horrors to which they are exposed. They crawl away into the most hidden, -safest places. The collection of the wounded is usually at night. This -accounts for the large numbers that after each battle are reported as -“missing.” In some instances the missing have been more than half as -many as the known total of killed and wounded. - -They are differently equipped in the armies of different countries. The -Germans provide their ambulance dogs with a saddle with pockets in which -are bandages and dressings, while around the neck is a wooden flask of -stimulant. The Italians and French put the flask in a pocket of the -saddle. British experts consider bandages and stimulant unnecessary, as -every man has to carry his own first-aid dressing, and the extra weight -hinders the dog’s action. In the English army the dogs wear a very light -saddle with the Geneva cross on each side, and a loud bell hangs from a -leather collar. The Russians provide their ambulance dogs with small -lanterns and attach the bells elsewhere on the collar. - -In some of the European armies the ambulance dog is trained to return to -his master and guide him to the wounded man; in others he is taught to -bark and give the news of his discovery in that way. Still another -method is to have the dog on a long leash and thus lead the searcher in -the right direction. - -The Japanese also use scouting dogs in this way, and so do many of the -European armies. They are trained to growl at any sudden surprise, their -natural temptation to bark being thwarted by muzzling with a leather -strap. In sentry duty the muzzle is moved. With an upwind blowing these -sentry dogs are able to detect the approach of men and horses an -extraordinary distance away. - -On the whole, it is found that the speediest method is for the dog to -stay beside his “quarry” when found, and bark until the ambulance -arrives, but there is the drawback that if several dogs are being -employed in a restricted area and several bark simultaneously, it is not -always easy to locate whence the barking comes. - -The Germans, unlike the French, do not permit their dogs to wear even a -collar, as it is thought that this may hinder him in pushing his way -through the thicket or hedges. It has often happened that the wounded -are found adjacent to some hedge or other cover not easy to search by -human aid alone. On the other hand, the French fasten water bottles -around the neck of the dog and train him to search for wounded, who, if -still conscious, eagerly grasps the welcome and ofttimes life-saving -beverage. - -Constant practice in this, as in other kinds of dog training, is an -absolute essential. As the war proceeds more and more use will be made -of the special functions and gifts of dogs, a resumé of which, when -peace again reigns, will surely prove one of the most interesting phases -of the hostilities now taking place in Europe. - -In the annals of the French army Mustache is still a celebrity. Mustache -was one of the war dogs in the Italian campaign when Napoleon was first -consul. He saved the French army from a night surprise and annihilation. -Later he tracked and captured a spy who had secured valuable -information. But this dog’s crowning achievement was at the battle of -Austerlitz. - -The standard bearer of the regiment had just fallen dead. Mustache’s -teeth and an Austrian soldier’s hands grasped the tattered, bloodstained -banner simultaneously. Mustache flew at his enemy’s throat and bore him -down. Then, seizing the flag, he carried it back to the regiment. -Napoleon gave Mustache the highest decoration for valor. He met a -soldier’s death not long afterward, racing forward beside the flag, -leading the regiment in a furious charge. - -[Illustration: - - _The Canine Ambulance Division of the French Army Off to the Front._ -] - - - - - British Sheep Dogs - - -Public trials of working sheep dogs were first introduced by Mr. Lloyd -Price, of Rhiwlas, Bala, North Wales, in 1873. The object for which they -were originally instituted was to promote a better training of sheep -dogs amongst the Welsh farmers. - -Strange as it may seem, though the mountainous districts of Wales have -been devoted from time immemorial almost exclusively to sheep rearing, -the old-time farmers took little trouble in the training of dogs to -collect and work their sheep. In fact, previous to the inauguration of -the competitions, the duties of the Welsh sheep dog were confined -principally to the task of hunting and chasing sheep back again up the -mountains whenever they strayed down to graze upon the more fertile -pastures in the valley which the farmers reserved for their cattle. This -was well enough so long as the sheep were roaming at will among their -native haunts and feeding grounds, but whenever it was necessary for the -farmer to gather his flock together the trouble began. The hardy little -animals are wild and timid creatures that are not easily induced to -leave their mountain home; moreover, when at liberty they are scattered -in small lots over immense tracts of country. - -To gather sheep from the mountains with the aid of dogs alone was in -those days, with few exceptions, an utter impossibility, consequently as -many as ten or twelve men had to be employed to scour the mountains, and -even then many stragglers were inevitably left behind. Nowadays all that -is changed, one man can with the assistance of a good sheep dog do the -same work much more thoroughly and satisfactorily, and without hustling -or distressing the sheep themselves. - -The systematic training of sheep dogs has indeed accomplished for the -sheep-rearing hill farmer almost as much in the way of labor-saving as -the adoption of agricultural machinery has done for the farmer who -cultivates the lowlands. - -The sagacity displayed by a really good sheepdog gathering sheep upon a -mountain side, often a mile or more away from his master, must be seen -to be believed. When the farmer goes out to gather his flock for -shearing or other purposes, far away upon the bleak hillside, little -clusters of white spots are all that are to be seen. The farmer takes up -a position upon some point of vantage, gives a word or whistle or -instruction to his four-footed companion, and the dog bounds away in -response till he seems no more than a tiny moving speck occasionally -visible in the distance. Sharp and shrill the farmer’s whistle pierces -the keen mountain air, and ever and anon, as though by magic, the little -white dots begin to move and converge towards a common center. In -response to one signal the sound of the dog’s answering bark can be -heard; another signal and he drops as though shot, and is as silent as -the grave. In the dim distance a few small dots can be seen; they are -some stragglers that have been overlooked; a whistle galvanizes them -also into motion, but in the wrong direction; a moment later and they -are merged into one motionless white blot upon the dark mountain side. -The blot moves again, not quite in the desired direction; whistle -succeeds whistle in quick succession, and at each one the little moving -blot alters its course, zig-zagging this way and that, until it finally -becomes merged in the large white patch that marks the remainder of the -flock, which keeps on the move, drawing nearer and nearer until the -sheep take shape and can be seen coming down steadily with the dog -dodging in their rear, till they are rounded up and brought to a -standstill within reach of the farmer’s stick. Such a sight is common -today upon the Welsh mountain or in the Scottish Highlands, though it is -not given to every man to acquire perfect mastery over his animal; so -much depends upon both man and dog. A dog belonging to a man who takes -no interest, or has not the knack and patience necessary to teach him is -worse than useless. The dog often reflects to a great extent his -master’s character. An excitable, hasty-tempered man generally has a -headstrong, willful dog that is hard to control. Some dogs, born of a -long line of carefully-trained sheep dogs, take to working sheep as -ducks do to water; a savage, uncontrollable brute, whose only ambition -seems to be to worry and abuse the sheep, and there are hundreds of such -animals, is simply a hindrance and a source of trouble to its owner, as -anyone who is acquainted with sheep and their ways knows full well. - -The sheep dog proper must above all things be gentle and patient with -its often cantankerous charges, yet firm and masterful enough to inspire -the timid sheep with sufficient sense of fear to cause them to move away -in another direction at its appearance and approach without creating -such a panic-stricken stampede. Such strains of dogs are scarce and -highly prized by their owners, though from the show bench fancier’s -point of view their often nondescript exterior cannot be classified into -those niceties of shape and color in which the judge of show dogs -delight. Many a sheep dog that would not attract a second glance from a -professional dog judge has won enough in money prizes to turn the whole -fraternity green with envy. - -Such a dog is, for instance, Mr. J. Moses’ “Old Jem,” not beautiful to -look at, but of sterling quality, which has won for his master over -$1,000 in cash quite irrespective of the value of himself and his -progeny. - -Sheepdog trials are now held in all parts of the British Empire, Canada, -New Zealand, Australia; in fact, wherever sheep are reared in any -quantity. - -Perhaps one of the most favorable opportunities the general public has -of watching one of these absorbingly interesting spectacles is during -the well-known agricultural show held each year in Lord Rothchild’s -beautiful park at Tring, England. A description of an actual trial -witnessed by the writer in these ideal surroundings will give an idea of -the exciting nature of the tests and high standard of perfection to -which the numerous entries have to be trained before they can compete -with the remotest chance of success. - -[Illustration: - - _When “Penning,” the Man Is Allowed to Assist the Dog._ -] - -A portion of the vast park, some three-quarters of a mile long and about -half as wide, remote from the show ground where the exhibits are -localized, is divided off by a rope fence; this constitutes the course, -of which thousands can obtain a full and uninterrupted view. The -competitor takes up his stand near the center with his dog or dogs, for -there are prizes for two dogs working together as well as for single dog -trials. The number of sheep that have to be driven round the course is -three only; this small number greatly increases the difficulties of the -subsequent maneuvers. Fresh sheep are provided for each competitor, -usually those of the wild, hardy mountain variety. - -At a given signal the animals are released from a cart that is out of -sight in a clump of trees on a hill some half a mile distant. The dog -must then locate the sheep, the master remaining in the center of the -course guiding and directing him by voice or whistle as he chooses. The -obstacles consist of, first, what is termed “a false fence”; that is to -say, two short lines of hurdles so placed as to leave a wide gap through -which the dog must drive the sheep; should he allow them to run round -the end of one of the lines instead of through the center, the sheep -must be driven back and another attempt made. The second obstacle is a -flag-post, round which the sheep must be driven in a circle before being -conducted through a V-shaped gap made with two hurdles. - -If the dog has negotiated these obstacles successfully he will have -brought his charges to within about a hundred yards of his master. -Having been successful in bringing the sheep so far, a very different -task awaits both dog and master at the “Maltese Cross.” At this, and the -final “penning up” of the sheep, the master is permitted by the rules of -the trials, to assist his dog personally. The “Maltese Cross” consists -of two lanes intersecting at right angles, each passage being only just -sufficiently wide to permit the sheep to pass in single file. It must -not be imagined that the wild mountain sheep, terrified at their -unwonted surroundings and the presence of a strange dog, submit tamely -to being thus driven past alternative openings without strenuous efforts -to break away and bolt in whichever direction their erratic fancy -dictates. The master must be on the alert for these attempts, and be -quick and decisive in giving his dog instruction as to how to frustrate -these sudden rushes. It is upon the promptitude and correctness with -which the dog responds to the signals that success or failure depends. -It is at the cross that the innate perversity of the sheep’s nature -asserts itself, with the result that the first animal very frequently -turns down one or other of the cross lanes instead of going straight -through. When this occurs the other two naturally follow, and all three -must be induced to negotiate the passage again. Having driven the sheep -through straight in one direction, the dog and his master must then -bring them back and run them through the other lane at right angles to -the original course. Finally, the even more difficult task of “penning -up” awaits the competitors. The final pen is formed of four hurdles with -a space just sufficient to admit one sheep at a time left open. The -slightest over-anxiety on the part of the dog or his master is fatal at -this stage of the trial. The difficulty of exercising the necessary -self-restraint will be the more readily realized when one considers that -it is often a matter of working against time, as should a dog have been -a little slow or unfortunate in his previous maneuvers he is extremely -liable to exceed the time limit set for the competition, and thus lose -the points awarded for penning. - -[Illustration: - - _The Sheep Being Driven Through the Maltese Cross._ -] - -It cannot be laid down as an infallible rule that the best dog for -actual field work will always win a competition, so much relies on the -master and other incidental details which affect the judge’s decision. - -The most important consideration from the competitor’s point of view is -the individuality of the three sheep which the dog is called upon to -work. Some, when released, are found to be extremely wild, and cause the -dog a lot of trouble by frantic efforts to escape. Others often adopt an -aggressive attitude towards the dog, and persist in facing round and -charging at him instead of allowing themselves to be driven. This type -of sheep is most exasperating, both to dog and man. Again, many dogs, -more especially young ones, are excitable by the applause of the -spectators. - -To see sheep dogs work to perfection one should watch them, as the -writer has been privileged to do, being practiced and trained upon their -own home ground, where one can realize more fully the practical utility -of a well-trained dog and the amount of labor which he saves his owner. -The north of England and some parts of Scotland have always been noted -for good dogs, the original strain being a cross between the smooth -collie and the old Scotch bearded collie. These animals are naturally -hardy, fleet-footed and sagacious, and for real skill in working sheep -will hold their own against any dogs in the world. - -One of the most prominent and successful trainers is Mr. J. Moses, of -Oswestry, who is manager of Lord Harlech’s Home Farm at Brogyntyn, and -the accompanying photographs show some of his famous dogs at work on the -farm. Mr. Moses is a great advocate of teaching a dog to work entirely -by whistle, instead of giving commands in ordinary language. The great -advantage of this system is that the dog can hear and recognize the -signals at a much greater distance, and when once accustomed to them is -much less liable to misinterpret his master’s meaning than is the case -when the command is given vocally. Many people seem to find a difficulty -in training their dogs to work by whistle, but if the system is started -at the commencement of a young dog’s training he will soon learn to -appreciate the distinctions of sounds and obey them more readily. - -In order to demonstrate the perfect command that my friend had over the -actions of his dog, even at a great distance, for it must have been over -three-quarters of a mile, Mr. Moses made “Trim” execute a series of -maneuvers, instructing the dog to drive the sheep round a telegraph -post, in and out of two trees, take them back again to the original spot -in which they were first located, and finally drive them straight up to -within reach of his master’s stick. Each and every one of these -evolutions was carried out with such skill, intelligence and obedience -on the part of the dog that it seemed hard at first to realize that -“Trim” was actually obeying implicitly his master’s command, and not -just driving the sheep about for his own pleasure. - -The maneuvering of sheep at a distance is a feature in sheepdog trials -for which more points than are now granted should be given, as it -demonstrates unmistakably the excellence of the training and also the -actual utility of a dog for field work. Many dogs are under perfect -control as long as they are within reach of their master’s stick, but -cannot be relied upon implicitly when far away; such a dog is obviously -improperly trained. - -Patience and firmness are the keynotes of success in training a sheep -dog, though everything relies, in the first instance, upon the -suitability of the dog taken in hand, for good sheep dogs are born as -well as made, and a well-bred puppy will have a natural instinct for the -work, which will reveal itself at an early age. - -In the next chapter will be found some useful hints on the training of -the working sheep dog. - - - - - Training the Working Shepherd Dog - - -Certain technical terms are used in the following article which it may -be well to explain for the benefit of those not familiar with the -shepherd’s vocabulary. - -1. The “run out” means that the dog is sent away to gather the sheep. -“Running out” is the act of going for the sheep. - -2. “Hauling” in its widest sense means the dog going out for his sheep, -taking command of them and bringing them to the shepherd. In the -narrower sense, however, the term is confined to the bringing in of the -sheep by the dog. - -3. “Shedding” means the dividing of a lot of sheep. Supposing, for -example, a shepherd wishes to separate lambs from their mothers, the act -of doing so by the dog is called “shedding.” - -4. “Wearing” means keeping a sheep from going in the wrong direction. -Supposing, for example, a sheep bolts up a wrong road, the dog is sent -to turn it back. Turning back is the “wearing.” - -5. A “cut” simply refers to a number of sheep. Supposing, for example, a -shepherd herds five or six hundred sheep and goes for forty or fifty to -take them to the market. The number so taken is called a “cut.” - -6. “Flying off” means where the dog yields to the sheep instead of -facing up to them. In “wearing” this is best seen. A dog which will not -come in close to stubborn sheep, yields to them when pressed, is said to -“fly off.” - -7. A “soft-tempered” dog is one which shows little grit when pressed by -wild or stubborn sheep. It won’t stand up to them and shows little -fight, and generally evidence of a soft disposition. The contrary -expression is “hard tempered,” which means a dog that will not yield to -wild or stubborn sheep, but will face up to them, and as a last resort -will even grip and show his teeth and other signs of temper and -determination. - -Believing that some instruction as to the methods employed in the -training of the working collie will be helpful to those who desire to -bring out the best gifts with which Nature has endowed this king of all -utility dogs, we append a few suggestions from the curriculum of Mr. T. -P. Brown, of Oxton, Berwickshire, Scotland, than whom no one is more -qualified to speak on this important subject. - -In the first place, it must be acknowledged that unless the master has -himself studied the subject with the utmost care and keen perception, -success in teaching a dog to work sheep will not fall to his lot. Many a -good dog has been spoiled in the hands of an unthinking and -unsympathetic would-be trainer, and, conversely, many a vicious, timid, -or “wild” dog has been converted by the master hand into a brainy, -intelligent servant. - -With few exceptions, any collie can be taught to work sheep; therefore, -as a general proposition, it is the man who makes or mars the dog’s -natural bent. - -To achieve the greatest measure of success the sooner one starts the -elementary first lessons the better. The puppy should be taken in hand -when three or four months old. - -The very first step is to teach him to run up to you. Use a thin, low -whistle with the lips, and pat and make a fuss of him when he comes up. - -The second lesson is to get him to go down quickly. This is best done by -a hiss. If he does not put his head down, press it gently down with your -hand. This has generally to be repeated a good many times before he does -it nicely. Some pups go down of their own accord when they see the -sheep. This is no real drawback, but as a rule they require a little -more training to go down _when commanded_, instead of waiting till they -get to a place where they want to go down. - -After the pup has learned to go down nicely, put him down and walk away, -and see if he will lie still until you give him the whistle to come up, -and don’t rest satisfied until he does so with alacrity. - -When he has learned to do this to please you, begin to stop him half-way -up, and always see that he puts his head in the proper position. He -should be proficient in this before he is ever taken to the sheep. No -pup should ever be taken to the sheep until he is under complete control -in the run up and lay down. To introduce him to sheep until he has -thoroughly mastered these simple but highly-important commands has a -tendency to spoil him and get him into bad habits. No matter how fast he -is running, if you give him the hiss to stop he should drop like a -stone; and, on the other hand, he should obey the command to come on -quickly and without the least hesitation, and on no account should he -rise until told to do so. To fall and rise when commanded, and _only_ -when commanded, is the most important point in the training of a collie. -Having progressed so far, the pup should now be taken to the sheep. - -If he is off a good working strain, he will either circle away round his -“quarry” or he will “set” and crawl forward. - -If he circles round and goes down, and the sheep do not come away, he is -apt to lie still, but if you use the call whistle and bring him a little -forward, then drop him. The sheep will most likely come away, and you -must take care that he comes straight behind them, and not too quickly. - -Don’t use the call whistle very long at first, just a little to get him -to understand to start the sheep. Get him used to start either with a -sheep or a short whistle. - -If in running up to the sheep he does not go right round, you must go up -to the sheep and move them in the direction you want them to go. Then -use the whistle, sound or words by which you want to shift him (some -trainers say “Keep wide” or “Keep wide, away out,” but it is better to -use only distinctive whistles). - -You should thus keep the sheep moving about, making him move to what -spot you want. Others use a combination of whistles and signs (motions -of the arms). This latter method has its advantages when working at a -distance and under certain climatic conditions. - -When the dog has become expert in moving about, teach him to “run out.” -Don’t try him too far away at first, and if possible let him see the -sheep. - -A perfect run out should be in the form of a good wide circle all the -way until he gets well behind the sheep. Then he should double back -behind the sheep when he sees he has them all rounded up, and he should -be allowed to move them a little before you put him down. - -In “haulding” them he should come straight behind the sheep, and not too -near them. If they come steadily, he should be allowed to follow them -in. When “haulding” a few sheep, say five, he should bring them in -straight; but with a large number he should “flank” them from side to -side in half-moon circles, as by this means he gets them forward in -better time. - -By this time the dog should have learned to go down at a distance from -the shepherd, a distance which is only restricted by the impossibility -of hearing the whistle. - -In all these processes one requires four different kinds of whistles—one -for the “call,” one to go out, one to stop and lie down, and one to -hauld. - -To teach a dog “to shed,” get the sheep to pass quietly between yourself -and the dog several times; the dog during this time must lie down. - -Then divide the sheep and give him the call whistle to come in to you, -and drop him when he is in between the two lots. Then go behind one of -the lots and press them on to the dog and get him “to wear” and turn -them to you. - -Repeat this several times, and in giving the call whistle make sure that -he never rises until commanded, for a dog that moves about as the sheep -move will never be a good “shedder,” as he always mixes the sheep up -when you are preparing for a “cut.” Be sure also that he shifts every -time you ask him, and that he turns the sheep in to you, instead of -flying off them. - -At this stage in his education the dog should be approaching his -complete training. To teach him to come in front of the sheep, draw him -to you by the call whistle. He will think at first that he is to come in -to you, but when you see he is far enough past the sheep to give him -plenty of room to work, give him the whistle to go to the sheep. He will -then turn and face the sheep, and as he does so drop him there. After -being several times repeated he will do this as readily as he has -learned to go round behind the sheep. - -The next lesson is to teach him to go from one side to the other, -passing between you and the sheep. - -Let him go half round the sheep, then get him to go forward on the sheep -from any point he is stopped, by either driving straight from you or -from the left side to the right side. This feat is most necessary for -driving away or for pole work at a trial. - -The art of wearing a single sheep has not been touched on, because -unless the dog is naturally gifted with this it is almost impossible to -make him proficient at it, though one can help him a little. - -Much depends on the nerve and compelling power of the dog’s eye. Leave -him pretty well to his own resources until he has the sheep stopped -before you drop him. - -Some pups are naturally born with tendencies to wearing single sheep, -including to run too wide or too near, and, worst of all, stopping -before they go round the sheep. Be guarded to immediately check these -faults, and remember that command is the most important lesson of all. - -One hears a great deal about bad-tempered dogs and soft-tempered ones, -but it is not so much a display of temper as nervousness. If a dog keeps -his eye on the sheep, no matter how soft he is in the temper, any -capable trainer can make him a good dog, but the one who won’t keep his -eye on the sheep can never become proficient in his service to his lord -and master. - - - - - Police Dogs - - -It is admitted on all hands that the dog is capable of training to do -his master’s bidding in a great many different ways. - -Other chapters appear in this work detailing with what purpose he is -used as an aid to the hunter, sportsman, courser, for the drawing of -quick-firing guns into the firing line, for ambulance work, for sentry -duty, as an indispensable aid in all Arctic and Antarctic expeditions, -to say nothing of the sport certain breeds give us as racing and -performing dogs. - -The purport of this chapter is to indicate with what success he is being -trained as a branch of the police force. Thousands of dogs, mostly of -the German and Belgian sheepdog variety, are at this present time -enrolled in the widely scattered police and other municipal forces of -America and other countries. - -In the training of dogs for this work a special aptitude on the part of -the “handler” or “guide” is essential. Given a reasonable amount of -common sense, unlimited patience and an understanding of a dog’s nature, -success is assured in a large majority of cases. - -The police dog trial is an old story so far as Germany, Belgium and -Holland are concerned. Americans are now taking this highly instructive -work in hand and the displays create a tremendous amount of enthusiastic -interest. The objects of such trials are: - -1. Obedience exercises. - -2. Detective work. - -3. Protective work. - -The obedience exercises called for are: - -1. Heeling on leash. - -2. Heeling without leash. The guide turns to right or left. Runs, walks -and stops with the object of confusing the dog. - -[Illustration: - - _The Police Dog is Trained to Attack on Command_ -] - -3. Refusing food offered by strangers or thrown or found on the ground. -The dog is made to lie down both free and in the absence of the guide, -and he must refuse bread, meat or other tempting morsels of food. Then a -dish of food is placed within his reach, but he must not touch it under -penalty of lost points. - -4. Guarding objects. This is considered a most important acquisition. -Every possible effort is made to remove the object by the judge. The dog -is chained beside the object, which is well within his reach, and he is -taught to lie down quietly beside it and not to move or growl or show -his teeth until the judge makes an effort to take the object away -quietly. If a vigorous attempt is made to snatch the object then the dog -is to defend it and himself in energetic fashion. Even when the judge -threatens the dog with a stick, or by coaxing, the faithful tyke will be -proof against them all. Bad marks are recorded if he gnaws the object or -otherwise misuses it. - -5. Giving “tongue” on command. This must be done continuously on -command. It is insufficient for him to bark once and imitation barking -by the guide is forbidden. - -6. Retrieving objects weighing two pounds. The dog must sit down quietly -and await instructions. Then he must bring it coming over a fence or -hedge promptly and sit down again before his guide until relieved of the -object. The varying heights of the fence or wall provide a number of -diverse exercises in the retrieving lesson. - -9. Scaling wall. - -10. Going ahead. The guide walks across the trial ground with the dog at -heel. On command the dog runs ahead in the direction given to a distance -of about 30 yards. He shall “drop” immediately on command and stay there -until told to rise. - -11. Lying down. The dog is shown free in this exercise and immediately -on command he must rise and go away. - -The detective work is conducted as follows: - -1. Searching for objects left by a stranger at the end of a trail of 250 -yards long and half an hour old. The trailer proceeds on a track, -directed by the judge, walk at his natural pace and at the end of the -trail stand still for one minute, wipe his feet well on the ground, -place the object between his footprints and then take the shortest cut -to a place again directed by the judge. An interesting variation of this -is provided by the object being placed thirty yards away from the end of -trail and at right angles thereto. - -[Illustration: - - _Police Dog Scaling Fence 8 ft. 6 in. High_ -] - -2. Search for object left by a stranger on a trail 500 yards long, and -barking at the trailer when found. This is done both with the dog free -and also when on leash ten yards long, and it is particularly desirable -that the dog be taught to bark on finding the object or person -discovered. - -The protective work comprises: - -1. Scouting over ground and barking at any large object found. The dog -follows the direction indicated by the guide and covers the ground -carefully, searching every nook and corner not so as to encircle the -guide at a short distance. Three hiding places are provided. As soon as -the dog finds the hidden person he is taught to watch him and by barking -attract the guide’s attention. - -2. Transporting “prisoner” without nipping. When found, the dog follows -behind the “prisoner” quietly without barking or nipping. Any object -dropped inconspicuously must be picked up at once by the dog and brought -to the guide, then continue the transport without waiting for the -command. If the “prisoner” attempts to escape, or attacks the guide, the -dog must attack him immediately, without waiting for command to do so. -During these attacks the “prisoner” shoots twice into the air. - -3. Watching the “prisoner” quietly when latter is quiet. - -4. Arresting and holding the “prisoner” on attempted flight. The -“prisoner” attempts to drive the dog away with blows or a whip or by -throwing pieces of wood at him. The dog must watch him alone and twice -stop an attempted flight. As soon as the “prisoner” is quiet the dog -must leave him alone and watch him until the guide returns. - -A high percentage of points are given for general obedience. - -The whole attitude of the dog is taken into consideration especially -between the different exercises if he remains at heel; also how he -controls himself between the exercises toward the “prisoner,” and -whether he needs holding in check by the collar and in other ways -indicates that he understands when he is on duty and when he is not. - -Unquestionably these trials throw a good deal of light on the training -of dogs used by the Continental nations for war purposes as well as for -police work, and it is hoped that greater facilities will be given for -such in other parts of the world. - - - - - The Hunting World and the Use of Dogs - - -It is to the Normans that the English-speaking races of the earth today -owe their hunting hounds in all their varieties. The Talbot hound was -introduced into England at the time of the conquest by William the -First. - -All are not agreed as to the color of these Talbot hounds. Somervile, -the great sporting poet, describes them as “white as Alpine snows.” -There is, however, reason to believe that they are invariably of a -reddish tan and often with a black saddle. In form, color and shape they -are very much like the English bloodhound of today; indeed, that noble -animal is supposed to be the bedrock of all the breeds of hunting hounds -that are now in use the world over; and this because of that sentiment -and recognition of the variety as the chief pillar or the stay of -several of the most valued breeds, that the bloodhound is placed first -in the stud books of England and America, and the breed is number one in -the catalogues of the all-round dog shows everywhere. - -[Illustration: - - _English Foxhounds in Full Cry_ -] - -It was and is desirable that the head of a hunting hound should be of -the above description—that is, if a close-hunting, unerring hound is -required to hunt singly, rather than in a pack. The formation of the -head above described, is one that is “made” for the purposes of hunting; -and in such a head are to be found the highly developed olfactory nerves -which communicate with the brain and actually inform the hound when he -strikes the scent of an animal and whether the effluvium is recent or -old. - -It is the gloriousness and health-giving surroundings that have made the -chase so popular with nearly all peoples, and that is the reason hounds -are bred with such care and may generally be found in the ownership of -the well-to-do and the high personages of the world. - -In the early days the English pursued the chase on foot, and their -objects of pursuit appear to have been principally the wild boar and the -wolf. The Anglo-Normans might be considered as the more polished, more -noble, and more scientific hunters, and they introduced that powerful -and pleasant assistant in the chase—the horse—as well as a great variety -of objects of pursuit. They chased the stag, the roebuck, the fox, the -hare, etc., and hunting the less dangerous animals seems to have -constituted their principal amusements; though the wolf and the boar -occasionally occupied their attention, and in all these branches of the -hunt dogs of varying degree were used. - -Every village in England has its beagles, and nothing is more enjoyable -than an old-fashioned fox hunting, or chase, where hounds belonging to -many owners are packed together, and, jumping a fox, they run him for -hours on end, their glorious music resounding throughout the woods and -delighting the ear of the sportsman. The American foxhound appears to -have more of the old harrier or English southern hound blood in him than -is allowed to remain in the hound of the English. There are some -broad-headed and long-eared and heavy-lipped hounds in the United States -which remind the observer of the hounds of France and other Continental -countries—hounds that still bear a good deal of resemblance to the old -Talbot hounds—the hounds of the Normans. Finer and finer the English -bred their hounds as stag hunting gave way to fox hunting. The old -staghound was only one remove from the Talbot, and he was a big and -picturesque creature and these hounds are to be found in France today. - -Hunting is a foremost sport all over the world, and there can be little -wonder that the spirit and standing of the peoples may be gauged from -the quality of their hounds. The panoply of the chase is among the more -glorious sights of the world, and in the pursuance of the various sports -connected with hounds, large and small, a vast amount of money is spent, -and a large number of persons employed, in the piping times of peace. - -The beagle should be 15 inches or under, measured across the withers. If -he is ever that height he becomes a harrier; and a harrier over 19 -inches becomes a foxhound, and a foxhound standing 24 inches at the -shoulders and 30 inches round his girth is indeed a splendid creature -and a beautifully proportioned one to boot. The hound is indeed a beauty -and a joy forever! - -In England alone there are more than 800 packs of hunting dogs. Roughly, -there are 326 owners of hunts or hunting establishments in France. Some -of these hunts have 50 or 60 couples. In Belgium foxhounds are kept, and -the chief packs of hounds in Germany are the Royal Hounds, at Potsdam, -and the Hanover Hounds. They both hunt the drag and the boar. The -conditions of hunting in Austria and Hungary are much better than in -Germany. It is a good wild country and full of foxes. The Roman hounds -are world renowned. Fox hunting was introduced into Italy by Lord -Chesterfield in 1842, and the sport has flourished ever since. In Spain -the Calpa foxhounds show much sport in the vicinity of Gibraltar. - -In the United States there are about forty well-known and properly -established packs of foxhounds. Throughout the Indian Empire there are -numerous packs, many of them being of the bobbery or mixed kind. The -jackal is the most frequently hunted animal. The Bombay Hounds are the -chief pack in India. - -In South Africa the jackal is hunted with foxhounds, and a single hound -is used to drive buck to the rifle or gun. American foxhounds have -recently been introduced to British East Africa for the purposes of -hunting lion. These hounds have been of great use in bagging such large -and dangerous game, and in the case of cheetah and other tree-climbing -animals, the American foxhounds have not had the slightest difficulty in -driving their quarry at such a pace and with so much persistence that -the large cat is glad to see the supposed shelter of a thorn or other -tree standing out like a sentinel on the vast expanse of plains. - -The foxhound, the harrier and the beagle are also of great use in Africa -for driving certain of the antelope, which keep in the bush, to the gun, -and a good deal of sport may be had in some of the rivers otter hunting, -and when otter hunting, a monitor, or huge lizard-like creature, is -often started in a swamp, and the reptile, taking to the water like an -otter, he will provide a good deal of sport. The otters in the Eastern -province of South Africa are plentiful and of good size. The rivers are -very huntable, for they are not deep and there is no great width or -volume of water at certain seasons of the year. There is much sport to -be had on the Mooi River, in Natal, where a pack of pure-bred otter -hounds is kept. And these hounds will not only hunt the water dog but -the aforesaid African monitor. Everywhere the hound is useful and -especially is this the case in a big and open country like Africa, where -a dog is required to be not only a hunter, but a guard and a friend. - -In Australia there is a good deal of hunting and the Melbourne hunt is a -well-organized institution. Australia is a country in which all animal -life increases and multiplies rapidly. In 1864 one dog fox and two -vixens were imported from England. There soon became enough foxes in -Victoria to last the colony, now the province, forever. But red deer and -kangaroos are sometimes hunted with foxhounds, and in Western Australia, -in the neighborhoods of Freemantle, Perth and Kalgoorlie, there has been -much sport experienced in hunting the brush-tailed kangaroos. This form -of hunting was introduced by Mr. Cairns Candy in the late nineties. - -In Tasmania, the island province off the main Australian continent, -there is some hunting with properly constituted and maintained packs of -hounds. In this lovely country, noted for its apples and the matchless -complexions of its pretty women, they hunt deer and hare. In New Zealand -there is a good deal of hunting, and harriers are principally in use. -There is a fine open country, and that in the North Island will remind -the hunting man of some of the shires of England. - -The hounds of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia have been discussed, -and now we will find ourselves back in America. And this country may -well be proud of its old-fashioned, long-eared, heavy-jawed and -deep-throated foxhounds. That American foxhounds are suitable for -hunting American foxes, and where foxes are shot before hounds, there -can be no manner of doubt; but they do not kill many foxes, neither may -this killing quality be placed to the credit of the English foxhounds in -this country. Once a fox is able to sit down and listen to his pursuers, -then a foxhound or a pack of foxhounds have as much chance of overtaking -the quarry as a short-winged hawk has of catching a swallow on the wing. -A century ago, it is recorded, it was not unusual in South Carolina to -drive out of one large swamp, deer, wolves, bears, foxes, wildcats and -wild turkeys. The sportsmen were ready to shoot all of these. - -In descriptive poetry of the earliest date, hunting is frequently -alluded to; even in the most important action of the whole Iliad, the -death of Hector, the pursuit of him by Achilles is thus introduced: - - “As through the forest, o’er the vale and lawn, - The well-breathed beagle drives the flying fawn, - In vain he tries the coverts of the brakes, - Or deep beneath the trembling thicket shakes, - Sure of the vapor in the tainted dews, - The certain hound his various maze pursues.” - —_Pope._ - - - - - The Gun and Coursing Dogs of the World - - -If there be one study in connection with dogs more interesting than -another, it must be that which has reference to the gun dogs and the -coursing dogs of the world. Since time immemorial, dogs have been used -by man for certain purposes and those which he has bred, maintained and -improved for his services, have kept time with the ever-changing methods -whereby the human is able to obtain and have for himself the beasts of -the field and the birds of the air. The first men who went after game -hunted it for food; and they very soon found out the most suitable dogs -for their purposes and they bred and produced dogs for different kinds -of work. It is fair to write that no domestic animals are better -represented throughout the world than are thoroughbred dogs of one kind -or another. The pure-breeds are to be found in countries that are -foreign to their varieties, and what is more, they are highly and justly -prized by their owners and even the very community in which the imported -dog has its new being. For let it be known, there are less distinctions -than owning a superior dog, and as these dogs are capable of reproducing -themselves, and both the males and females are prolific breeders, there -is almost at once, or within one year, established in the kennel of the -new land the high-blooded and moreover most useful dogs of other -nations. And that is the reason that wherever we may go we shall -probably find the particularly good gun dogs of Great Britain. These -consist of the pointer, the English, Irish and Gordon setters, the -retrievers and the Labrador or Lesser Newfoundland dogs, and the various -spaniels, which have all been practically made perfect in the British -Isles and distributed to the four corners of the earth. Dogs have been -produced that will hunt as well in one country as another; but one can -generally find that dogs—gun dogs and coursing dogs—are mostly chosen -with an eye to the environment in which they will have to hunt. - -[Illustration: - - _A Fine Group of Gun Dogs._ -] - -[Illustration: - - _The Hunter and His Dog_ -] - -Both the pointer and the spaniel originally came from Spain, so it is -said. But the original Spanish pointer was too heavy and slow in his -pace for the English gunner, so he was crossed with the lighter -foxhound, and it is even said with the greyhound, so that he should be -more active and able to cover his ground better. Furthermore, the -heavy-headed Spanish pointer had the kind of head and lips that proclaim -a hunting dog that is inclined to keep his nose to the ground, rather -than carry it highly and thus better obtain the body scent of birds and -other game in the distance. The setter was originally the large spaniel, -and was taught to “set” or sit down when he had come upon birds, so that -the game could be encompassed by the fall-net, or the hawk or falcon -might have the better opportunity to fly at her quarry. When the small -pellets of lead were invented and the shotgun first used then the -setters of the netters and falconers became gun dogs, and as such we -will find pointers, setters, retrievers and spaniels of English origin -in every country where the sportsman may be found. Gun and coursing dogs -are not only imported into America as workers but as show dogs, and in -the great majority of cases these dogs are thoroughly broken or trained -as well as being good to look upon. Then these gun dogs may compete at -the various field trials now run off all over Europe, the United States -and Canada, or even South Africa, or at the coursing meetings in every -country of the world. The coursing dog is found most useful in Canada, -especially in the prairie provinces, where coyotes are destructive and a -curse to the sheepman and even the horse breeder, for a pack of prairie -wolves will attack and kill a foal. As a part and parcel of the farm, -the ranch, the station and estancia the gun dog and the coursing dogs -are invaluable. Pointers, setters, spaniels and retrievers are useful -under all circumstances, and they perform the same work in all climates -and under the various and dissimilar conditions. In some countries -pointers are preferred to setters; but, on inquiry, it will generally be -found that the alleged fitness of one variety of dog over the other, is -merely a matter of taste or “fancy.” A man who owns setters prefers -setters; the individual who possesses pointers has a preference for -pointers. ’Tis his fancy—his hobby, and that gentle leaning towards one -breed often means the fellow’s antipathy to another breed. - -In a land or country that has been indifferently cultivated or is wild, -there are several kinds of burrs that inconveniently fall at the very -time when the hunting or shooting season begins. Some say that the -pointer, because of his short coat, will not be so troubled with these -prickles as will the long-coated setter, which is feathered on the legs -and picks up the burrs wherever he may go. On the other hand, the setter -admirer avows that the feathered and better protected foot of the setter -saves him from being lamed so often as the clean and unprotected footed -pointer. So it will be seen that these preferences are mostly imaginary -and may be traced to fancy. - -On the Continent of Europe we find many kinds of most useful dogs; but -both the pointers and setters are only modifications of the old hunting -dogs that came from Spain. There are rough-haired and smooth-coated -pointers in Germany, and they are very handsome animals with excellent -formation and with hunting qualities of the highest order. The griffons -of France, Holland and Belgium are particularly good dogs; rough and -ready in appearance, with excellent brains and great scenting powers. In -him we will recognize a lot of hound blood which may have come from the -otterhound or the hounds of Vendée. But they are just the sort of dogs -that a man wants for rough-shooting in the woods or swamps. The griffon -is an active dog, does not throw his tongue when immediately close to -game or in sight of it, as does the hound. The griffon makes a good -woodcock, “partridge” and duck dog; and as such he has been found of the -greatest use in America. The griffon is a good dog in the water as well -as on land, and in this way he proves himself a thoroughly serviceable -all-round sporting dog. The wolf-hounds of Russia are most useful dogs, -and as their name foretells, they are used as wolf-coursing dogs. Three -are slipped to the wolf after he has been driven from cover by foxhounds -or beaters. When they come up with their game they bump into the quarry -and at the right moment lay hold of the beast by the neck and hold him -until the hunter arrives and either dispatches the game with a pistol or -knife, or placing a stick in the wolf’s jaws, twists a rope around the -muzzle and neck, and thus preventing him from accomplishing any harm, -captures the creature alive and practically uninjured. The Russian -wolf-hound is the best killer of any of the coursing dogs. Like a -bulldog, he holds on to what he seizes; his jaws are very powerful, and -it is because of this tenacity that the Russian wolf-hound, or borzoi, -as he is frequently called, is used for crossing purposes on the English -greyhound and the Scottish deerhound or on the progeny of these two -breeds, for the purpose of producing what is known as the “long dog” of -the Canadian prairies, where he is used principally for coursing and -killing the coyote. The Russian wolf-hound has also been successfully -crossed on to the deerhound in Australia, either for straight out -kangaroo dogs or dingo killers. The Russian wolf-hound goes to the -throat of his enemy, and such a dog is required for the prompt killing -of dingoes. The long and strong limbs of the kangaroo are means of -defense, both as propelling powers in his long and swift bounds or jumps -and for fighting when it comes to the more serious defense as against -dingoes or the domesticated dogs, hence the kangaroo dog is taught to -attack from behind. - -The slugi or greyhounds of Arabia, Persia and Egypt may be noticed. In -these we will find small examples of the Russian wolf-hound, but they -have down or setterlike ears as opposed to the half-cocked or fully -pricked ears of the Northern dogs. The dogs of the near East have -generally long feet and these are feathered, as are their ears, legs and -tails. They are used to course antelopes and hares, and one of the most -ancient of sports is to not only course the antelope with these slugi, -but at the same time fly hawks at the fleeing buck, which has the -advantage over the dogs in sandy places and over stony or rocky ground. -The big and somewhat picturesque greyhounds of Afghanistan are large -dogs much after the form of the near Eastern dogs; they are used for the -same purposes, and because of their surroundings in high altitudes, they -grow large and woolly coats to aid them against the vicissitudes of the -cold climate. In India, indeed, all over Asia, the different gun dogs -generally associated with the British Isles are used and they cannot -very well be done without on the small feathered game which is -plentiful. In Japan and China the pheasant shooting is very good, and -Americans who have gone over to shoot in those countries have taken -their dogs from this country with them and have found them to accomplish -all that was required of them. - -If we leave Asia and continue our wanderings and huntings to the South, -and reach Africa, we will find plenty of work for our hunting hounds, -our coursing dogs and gun dogs. The slugi or greyhounds were the most -valued dogs of the Pharoahs. In the ancient monuments the dogs’ places -are at the sides of some great personage. It would appear that the -tastes of the Egyptians of old were exactly those of the ancient -Britons, for there is an old Welsh saying which states that “a gentleman -is known by his horse, his hawk and his greyhound.” The slugi in its -native or home state is now principally to be found in its purity among -the Bedouin Arabs. They place the greatest value on these dogs, and they -are as difficult to obtain from the wandering Arabs as are their -thoroughbred horses. Furthermore, there is an Arab saying that the most -valued of all things among the highest of these nomads and hunters are -“his horse, his slugi and his wife’s earrings.” The Arabian greyhounds -are primarily valuable for coursing antelope in sandy countries and -where the sun is felt with all his power. They also thrive in temperate -climates. - -[Illustration: - - _Incident in a Waterloo Coursing Meeting_ -] - -Our old friends the pointers and setters are used in Northern Africa, as -they are in the South and the East, the West and Central of that -enormous and game-holding country. American foxhounds have been found -most useful running on the trail of the lion; furthermore, they have the -good sense to keep away from the great cat when it comes to close -quarters. These hounds will soon tree a cheetah and the rifles or the -arrows of the natives will accomplish the rest. In Africa, generally, -there is much bird life, as that term applies to partridges, snipe, -quail, etc. In that country there are several small and dangerous -snakes; but it has been found that the dogs’ sagacity has been such that -they, of their own initiation, immediately become alive to the dangerous -natures of these reptiles and that they will return to the shooter when -they get near a snake, either in the grass or on a branch overhead. -Greyhounds are used in Africa for coursing the smaller bucks and hares, -and such dogs, fleet of foot and able to run down an antelope, may be -bartered “up-country” for produce of great value, the natives, -especially the chiefs of powerful tribes—practically nations—having been -known to give mining and other concessions where first class dogs have -been given as presents. - -There is a great deal of variety in the Australian shooting and the bush -life of that lovely country is entrancing for the lover of nature and -the observer of mammals and birds. Pointers and setters are used in just -the same way as they are anywhere else. Quail are plentiful and the -varieties of numbers of wild fowl are beautiful and often countless. As -for hares, in some places they are almost as common as the rabbits; and -hares are three times more prolific in that balmy country than they are -in climes north of the equator in Europe and America. Coursing is a -great sport there and is a means of much speculating or wagering among -Australians and New Zealanders. New Zealand in many climatic instances -and country surroundings is very much like England, and game has been -imported and the different societies and clubs have done much to -acclimatize, breed and protect game. Here is a country where springer -spaniels could be more in evidence and worked with advantage. A good -trade should spring up between New Zealand and California for gun dogs -and greyhounds. The passage is one of less than three weeks, and the -freight inconsiderate. All over South America gun dogs and greyhounds -are required. There is some shooting in New Guinea, but the bush is very -dense and the natives not always agreeable to the visitation of the man -with a gun. Some very nice dogs are to be found in the Hawaiian Islands, -notably at ever-glorious and salubrious Honolulu, the Paradise of the -Pacific. And within a few days’ hail is the Golden Gate and the -ever-bountiful lands that slope down to the North Pacific and the -longed-for port by the voyagers from the far East and the farther South. -Here, of course, we will find gun dogs in great variety, and many -greyhounds. Some years ago several of the best running dogs in England -were imported by sportsmen in California. And that stock is in the -Golden State now. Gun dogs are not only esteemed as gun dogs or for -their work, but also for their good looks. The English setter is bred in -all his attractive loveliness and usefulness all the way up the Pacific -Coast as far as British Columbia. And it is in the last mentioned -province that some of the most beautiful of the blue-ticked, long and -silver silk-like coated setting dogs have been bred. Taking the whole of -the North American Continent we will find it one abiding place for gun -dogs of the highest merit; and as it is well known, Americans and -Canadians have always been circumspect and generous in their -importations of gun dogs from Europe, and, consequently, have possessed -themselves of specimens that are not only good to look upon, but easy to -train and delightful to shoot over. - - - - - Whippet Dogs and Whippet Racing - - -The whippet is a greyhound-like dog, and is the fastest of all dogs at -his weight or height. In some instances they have been crossed with -Italian greyhounds, but these alliances are apt to bring about inferior -whippets for racing or catching rabbits, either on their own ground or -at rabbit-coursing or snap-dog matches. In rabbit-coursing, where the -rabbits have previously been caught and turned down on unknown ground -(to the rabbit) before a brace of whippets, it is the dog _that catches_ -the rabbit that wins the course, and the winner of the majority of a -given number of courses wins the wager for its owner or connections. -Snap-dog coursing—that is, running rabbits down with whippets in small -and enclosed places, the rabbit being given little “law,” is not -considered a sportsmanlike action, and is practiced only as a means of -gambling. Whippets have long been declared a pure breed, and this dog -was first recognized as such by the English Kennel Club. - -[Illustration: - - _The Whippet_ -] - -Whippet racing is an old sport and the pastime of working men in -England. He has been called the poor man’s race-horse, as indeed he is, -the dog providing sport and a means of speculation for men of slender -means. Whippet racing is carried on right through the year in the -Northwest and North of England. Of late years it has become a great -sport in London and its suburbs, the principal handicaps being run off -every other Sunday forenoons at Walthamstow. Whippet racing was -patronized by the late King Edward VII of England, at the Ranelagh Club -grounds, London, and the leading “country club” of its kind in the -United Kingdom. Whippet racing has long been a sport in Belgium, France -and Germany. Dog racing was also introduced into South Africa during the -end of the last century, and valuable handicaps are run off on the -diamond and gold fields. Whippet racing was first favored in the United -States by the English operatives in the cotton mills in New England, -especially in Massachusetts. The sport has been well and continuously -conducted at country clubs around Boston and Philadelphia, which has put -the pastime on a society basis. There is no cruelty in whippet racing. -The dog is held on his mark by the neck and root of tail, and, starting -off at pistol fire, the object of his run of 200 yards or less being a -towel held by the runner-up—usually someone he knows—who stands, holloas -and waves the “rag,” as it is called, 10 yards beyond the winning line -or mark. The dogs are handicapped according to their weight or height. -The latter is not a popular mode and it is the weight of a dog that is -considered practically everywhere. Roughly, it can be reckoned that a -dog of say 16 pounds is 2½ to 3 yards faster than a 15–pound dog. A -bitch is keener than a dog. The handicap scale given in this description -of the whippet was arranged by Freeman Lloyd and is largely in use -throughout the world. - -[Illustration: - - _Finish in an Old-time Whippet Race Meeting_ -] - -A whippet track may be easily laid out on grass, race track, show or -fair ground. It must be 220 yards straight. If it is over, so much the -better. The further the onlookers are kept off the track the more they -can see, and they will not interfere with the dogs running. The whippets -are entered, their names, weights, colors and owners being given. Each -owner pays an entry fee for each dog and these fees are generally made a -sweepstake and the purse divided between the first, second and third -dogs in the final heat. The dogs must be weighed before they run and an -allowance is made of 4 ounces or 8 ounces either way in their stated -weight. The handicap is run off in heats, the number of dogs in each -heat varying according to the entry and the duration of the racing. -Heats may be run off like clockwork, one lot of dogs starting off as the -others are finishing; or it may be delayed when the number of dogs is -limited. If 40 dogs are entered and an afternoon’s sport desired they -can be run off in heats of four dogs each. There would be then 10 -winners of heats to run off in the semi-finals, which could be either -two heats of five each or, better still, three heats with two fours and -one of three dogs. The two winners, or the three winners of the -semi-finals, must be run off in the final. Taking the three semi-finals -for choice, there would be run off altogether 14 races, which would -occupy about two hours. The owner of the second may challenge the weight -of the winner, immediately after the final is run. The dog is then -allowed 6 ounces to the usual allowance made before the running of its -first heat. - -Here is a plan of a track. If possible, the dogs should run so that the -sun shall not be in their faces. - - +--+--+--+--+--+--+------------------------------------+------------+ - | | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | 200 Yards | 10 Yards | - | | | | | | | | | - +--+--+--+--+--+--+------------------------------------+------------+ - Handicap Marks Winning Over - Mark Mark - -The dogs run in colors, strips of narrow ribbon being tied around their -necks. These are of red, white, blue, yellow, green and black. On the -race card the shade of the dog’s racing color is noted in the -preliminary heats. In the semi-final and final heats the back or scratch -dog wears the red collar, the next the white, the next the blue, and so -on. If the red dog is first over the winning line, where the judge -stands, the judge raises a red flag. Whatever color wins so is a flag of -the same color held aloft by the official whose ruling is final. Each -“runner-up” must be behind the over or trig mark before his dog crosses -the winning line. If dogs start when the cap is fired, but there is no -powder explosion, it is no start. But if all dogs go fairly away, it is -a start. Dead heats must be run off excepting in the final, where owners -may agree to divide. If a dog is disqualified, the second dog takes his -place in the records. No live bait allowed with the runner-up, and all -dogs are subject to inspection by the officials. It is recommended that -only whippets of 25 pounds or under be raced. The bigger dogs are often -given to savaging or “slapping,” and appear ungainly among a lot of -small dogs. The back dog in every heat must run the whole of the 200 -yards, or whatever smaller course is used. - - -STARTS FOR DOGS AND BITCHES OF DIFFERENT WEIGHTS IN 200 YARDS HANDICAP. - -When a dog wins at a handicap he must be penalized according to the -judgment of the handicapper. The following handicap would put each dog -or bitch on equal terms, providing all the dogs were exactly of the same -calibre or of equal racing powers—barring their weights: - - Wt. of Dog or Bitch—Lbs. Start for Dogs, Yd. Start for Bitches, Yd. - 28 1 0 - 27 2 1 - 26 3 2 - 25 4 3 - 21 5 4 - 23 6 5 - 22 7 6 - 21 8 7 - 20 9½ 7½ - 19 11 8 - 18 12½ 9½ - 17 14 11 - 16 16 13 - 15 18½ 14½ - 14 21½ 17 - 13 24½ 20 - 12 27½ 23½ - 11 31 26½ - 10 35 30 - 9 39 34 - 8 43 38 - 7 47 43 - 6 52 48 - 5 58 54 - -A dog covering 200 yards in 12 seconds gallops at the rate of 16 yards -24 inches a second; in 13 seconds, 15 yards 14 inches, and in 14 -seconds, 14 yards 10⅓ inches. - - - - - The Sled Dogs of Alaska - - -Between the laborer who earns his daily bread by the sweat of his brow, -and the spoiled favorite of fortune who neither toils nor spins, there -is not more difference than between the workers of the North—the Sled -Dogs of Alaska—and the pampered, fur-coated, jewel-hung dogs “in -society”; dogs who have their silk-lined baskets, their gold-mounted -toilet articles, and the exclusive services of a personal attendant. But -“Dogs is Dogs,” and the unhappy accident of birth that gives to such a -dog the humiliating experience of having his teeth brushed by a maid, or -a massage of cold cream after a bath in a silver-plated tub, should not -be held against him—for he may still retain some of his admirable, -lovable canine qualities through the human veneer. - -A dog’s intelligence and his faithful, affectionate nature are his chief -assets in his association with man; and if he preserves these in spite -of his artificial surroundings as a mere toy, his development along -those lines is almost unlimited when he becomes a co-worker with his -master, and a devoted comrade through adversity and peril. - -[Illustration: - - _Incident in the Ziegler Polar Expedition, 1903–5_ - _Mr. Anthony Fiala with His Dog Teams—Lat. 82° N._ -] - -Far beyond the Aleutian Islands, which stretch a grim barrier between -the North Pacific and Bering Sea, almost to the bleak coast of Siberia, -there lies that part of Alaska not familiar to the average tourist. The -Alaska of primeval forests, of great, almost unknown rivers, of vast -areas of snow and ice that reach to the desolate shore of the Arctic—the -Alaska of the Dogs; and here in the “Land that God forgot,” the dog -holds a unique place as an indispensable factor in the settlement of the -country. - -He discovered the North Pole with Peary; he discovered the South Pole -and the Northwest Passage, too, with Amundsen; and he played a pathetic -yet heroic part in the brave, if futile, efforts of Captain Scott to -reach his goal; just as he has ever played well his role of support to -those who have sought to penetrate the trackless wastes at the ends of -the earth. - -Late in October, usually under leaden skies, nearly the entire -population of Nome stands upon a dreary beach watching the last boat of -the open season, the “Victoria,” steam slowly out through a sea already -heavy with young ice, and disappear in the misty grayness of the -horizon. The parting salute of the ship’s siren has been answered by all -of the town whistles; and then as if to add the fitting climax to the -gloom of the occasion, it seems that every dog within hearing raises his -voice to join in a mournful farewell chorus—a blood-curdling wail that -is characteristic of these Northern dogs with their strong wolf strain. - -[Illustration: - - _A Typical Scene in the Arctic Regions_ -] - -But the people look with kindly eyes upon them, and even listen with -kindly ears—for they know that every letter, paper, and magazine from -now till the middle of June, will be brought in over fifteen hundred -miles of ice and snow and frozen sea, by the United States Government -Dog Team Mail; and that, except for the wireless system, all of the news -from the great world “outside,” from family and friends, depends upon -these Postmen of the Silent Trails. They go where soft snow and other -conditions make it impossible to use horses. No service is too lowly, no -mission too high. They pull the baby in his tiny sled, are the means of -delivery for the merchant, and they carry the doctor and priest to the -bedside of the sick or dying in some lonely, distant cabin. - -[Illustration: - - _Eskimo family and malamute—At Home._ -] - -Owing to the prohibitive tax rate on railroads which traverse -practically uninhabited districts in Seward Peninsula—a tax which has -only been abolished within the past few months—dogs have become the -motive power instead of engines; and in place of the “toot-toot” of the -locomotive as it takes a freight train out to the mines with supplies, -there is the “bow-wow” of the dog team “Kougarok Limited” or the “Little -Creek Express” as it starts down the track with a loaded flat car. - -As to “joy riding,” the “Pupmobile” has every automobile completely -outclassed when it comes to the maximum of joy, and the minimum of -danger. Given a winter night when the frosty air brings the tingling -blood to cheek and finger tip, when the glittering stars seem close -above one’s head in the clear sky, and when the trail glistens like a -silver ribbon in the ghostly radiance of the Northern Lights, it is a -phlegmatic person indeed who does not feel the thrill of excitement and -delight that animates the dogs as they strain in their harness to be -away for a spin across the snows. - -Then there is the famous All Alaska Sweepstakes race each April from -Nome on Bering Sea, to Candle on the Arctic Ocean and return, a distance -of 408 miles; and the dogs as well as the men who have won their laurels -in this contest are the sort of men and dogs who are making the History -of Alaska—who are creating an Empire from a Wilderness. - -There are two types of dogs used in the race. The Siberians, small, -prick-eared, with bushy tails curled up over their backs, and with -apparently decided traces of the fox; and the Alaskans who are of mixed -breeds—setters, pointers, collies, hounds or what not—with a more or -less pronounced wolf strain inherited from the McKenzie River Huskie or -coast Malamute. - -Both types have their staunch supporters, and for excellent reasons—for -both possess wonderful qualities that endear them to dog users and dog -lovers. The Siberians have not the speed, and many claim not the -responsiveness and intelligence of the Alaskans—but they are gentle, -tractable, easy to handle and are able to travel more steadily and with -less rest than the others. - -[Illustration: - - _Dubby, a McKenzie River huskie, of the Allan and Darling Kennel, - whose wonderful intelligence, and a record of over thirty thousand - miles in harness, established his reputation as one of the greatest - leaders Alaska has ever known._ -] - -The amount of rest in the race is a question of judgment with the -driver, who must decide how much he can afford to take himself, and give -his dogs without the unnecessary loss of a moment; but as he must return -with every dog—dead or alive—with which he started, it is to his -greatest advantage to keep them in the very best of condition. At every -road-house and relay camp where they stop for food and sleep, it is -“Dogs First,” no driver thinking of himself till his team is fed, -rubbed, and bedded. When they are tired or foot-sore, they ride in turn -upon the sled, recuperating quickly in this way. Little moccasins of -canton flannel are carried to be used on hard trails, and veils of black -or green mosquito netting are placed over the dogs’ eyes if the glare of -the sun is too dazzling. - -In the Sweepstakes of 1910, John Johnson, a Russian Finn, driving a team -of Siberians entered by Colonel Charles Ramsay of London, came in first. -The weather had been ideal, the trail perfect, and they had broken all -records—covering the 408 miles in but little more than seventy-four -hours. Closely following them was Charles Fox-Maule Ramsay, nephew of -Colonel Ramsay, and younger brother of the Earl of Dalhousie, driving -his own team of Siberians; and it certainly seemed that the day of the -Siberians had come. But in 1911 and 1912, through terrible blizzards and -over miserable trails, the Allan and Darling team of Alaskans, driven by -“Scotty” Allan, were the winners; and in 1913, Fay Dalzene, with the -Bowen-Dalzene dogs, was first, also using the Alaskan type. So that out -of the seven great races that have been held under the auspices of the -Nome Kennel Club since it was organized in 1908, five victories have -fallen to the Alaskans, and the breaking of the record to the Siberians. - -In short distances some of the dogs are remarkably fast, travelling at -the rate of fifteen or sixteen miles an hour. Irish, one of the Allan -and Darling team, a beautiful setter with some huskie blood, can pace a -mile in three minutes; and Spot, a cross-bred pointer and huskie, after -leading the team thirty miles over a heavy trail, covered four miles in -thirteen minutes and twenty-five seconds without breaking. - -[Illustration: - - _The starting of John Johnson’s team of Siberians in one of the All - Alaska Sweepstakes Races in Nome, Alaska._ -] - -As dog teams are not driven with reins, but by word of mouth, there must -be in every team a particularly intelligent dog who is the leader. He -must understand not only the simple orders “Mush” (go on), “Gee” (to the -right), “Haw” (to the left), and “Stop,” but he must have exceptionally -quick instincts, a definite acknowledged mastery over the other dogs, -and a sort of canine good judgment which tells him the right thing to do -in difficulties and emergencies. - -The stories of the marvellous sagacity of certain leaders are easy of -belief to “the men that know the North” as Service calls them, but they -would appear to be gross exaggerations or absolute untruths to those who -have never seen dogs work in harness on the trail. - -A leader has certain privileges, such as getting into the sled when the -driver is not at the handle bars, and reposing in comfort and dignity on -the furs while the rest of the dogs lie in the snow; and other -perquisites which may occasion bitter jealousy and make necessary the -utmost precaution in guarding him from the attacks of his envious -team-mates. Sometimes an old leader, discarded or pensioned, will -craftily wait for a chance to kill his successor—this chance generally -occurring when the new aspirant for honors is tied and at a -disadvantage. Some leaders, however, through wonderful strength and -other superior qualities, become more or less exempt from this ill -feeling, and their leadership is freely and pleasantly accepted both in -and out of “business hours.” Of these, Dubby, a magnificent specimen of -the McKenzie River huskie, brought down from Dawson by “Scotty” Allan, -was one of the most prominent. Dubby lived to be twelve years old, but -was pensioned on his ninth birthday, while still in perfect condition -and well able to enjoy the rewards of his faithful service. He had a -record of over thirty thousand miles, in harness, to his credit, and the -anecdotes of his intelligence are legion. He was often driven “loose,” -running ahead of the team instead of being hooked up with them; and he -was so efficient as a “general manager” that the loss of his pulling -power was of small moment compared to his ability to find and keep an -obliterated trail, and his capacity for doing the many clever and -helpful things that his active mind found to do. A mere hint that some -dog was not working was enough, and Dubby would rush back to critically -examine them all till the shirker was located by a slack tow line or -traces not held taut. The culprit received a warning nip on the ear or -flank, which was a threat of worse punishment if he did not mend his -laggard habits; then Dub would dash off to give some other evidence of -his real generalship. Perhaps it would be to decide that the ice on the -river was not thick enough to bear the weight of the heavily loaded -sled—for some strange instinct enabled him to know that fact, when an -experienced Musher could be readily deceived; or he would choose the -correct trail where many met and crossed, in spite of the efforts of an -exasperated driver to convince him of the error of his ways. “You -stubborn old Siwash (an insult indeed to apply the name of the most -shiftless of Indians to a self-respecting huskie), I’ll wager you’re -wrong; but do as you please, keep us all out here in thirty below -weather, tired and hungry, and then maybe next time you’ll listen to -reason.” But Dubby never did make the predicted mistake, and many a -comfortable night’s rest in shelter and warmth was the result of his -unerring confidence in his own ability which no argument could disturb. -He would politely wag his stump of a tail while he listened tolerantly -to your opinion, but he ignored it with the same amiable disregard one -would show toward the foolish suggestions of a babbling child. - -The tragedies of the Arctic wastes are many, and would be more but for -the faithful dogs; the list of canine heroes is long, and would be much -longer were all of their brave deeds recorded. They have never, like -some of whom we read, attended an “Acadamie pour Chiens,” and acquired, -with a diploma, such unnatural refinements and useless accomplishments -as are displayed by “dogs in society.” If invited to attend a luncheon -of chicken à la Maryland, served on a decorated table, with Fifi and -Bijou as fellow guests, they would not only demolish the chicken in -short order, but also the decorations, and possibly Fifi and Bijou as -well—classing them with cats and other legitimate prey. - -There is no downy cushion before the blazing fire, no chosen corner of -the limousine, no tooth brush or manicure set for the work dog of the -North; yet they are probably happier than their kin of the governess and -college education. They have no time for ennui—there are duties to be -done, and it is rare indeed to find a sled dog who does not take pride -in his task, show delight at the sight of his harness, and eagerly -welcome the preparations for a good long mush. - -Perhaps one of the most striking features of the races is the pleasure -that the dogs manifest not only in the preliminary training, but in the -contest itself. One frequently sees a team of dogs, old in the knowledge -of racing, perfectly familiar with the hardships before them, waiting -for the signal to leave, and so eager to be off, that three or four men -are barely able to restrain them till the dip of the flag starts them on -their dash to the Arctic. So, too, it is not unusual for a Mail Team, -becoming impatient of the delay in unloading the mail, to run away after -having carried a thousand pounds of mail for a distance of two or three -hundred miles. - -In summer when the dogs are not being used they often spend the time -about mining camps where they are fed; or if in town they select one or -more houses to which they make daily visits at meal hours if they find -the inmates hospitably inclined. In many districts the dogs are -virtually turned out to forage for themselves, when the wild strain in -them asserts itself to an astonishing degree; but this is not true of -Nome where dogs are held in high esteem, and where they are given the -proper care at all seasons. And each year when the last boat of the -summer sails from Nome, there is a long list of dog passengers. To a -fancier they would seem undoubtedly a collection not worth their -transportation; to my Lady of the Lap Dog they would cause shudders of -disgust; there would be no place at the Bench Show for such as these. -They are without pedigree, or beauty perhaps—mongrels if you will—but -one never knows what a wealth of fidelity may be hidden beneath a rough -exterior. Many a story that touches the heart may be extracted from the -prospector going outside accompanied by some favorite dog who has shared -his solitude and his hardships; who has helped to bear his burdens, and -who is now to enjoy with him what they have earned together. - -Perhaps that blind old huskie has guided his bewildered driver along the -right trail to safety, true to the instincts of the wild, when the -whirling snow and icy sleet cut like stinging whip lashes into the face -and eyes, making sight impossible. - -Perhaps this ragged, ungroomed malamute with his wolf head and his human -heart, dragged himself with patient, bleeding feet, half starved and -nearly frozen, to some remote camp with the warning that his unconscious -master, caught unprepared in a sudden storm, needed help. - -Perhaps—but after all, each tale is only another variation of the same -theme: dog’s loyalty to man. And as pampered pets, or as valued -assistants, in society or out of it, this loyalty justifies the -attention and regard they receive. It is the one thing all dogs have in -common, and whether in their veins runs the blue blood of generations of -prize winners, or the humble strain of some obscure street waif, it is -to You, and not to what you possess, not for what you can offer him, -that the dog gives his steadfast allegiance. - - Sometimes when life has gone wrong with you - And the world seems a dreary place, - Has your dog ever silently crept to your feet, - His yearning eyes turned to your face— - Has he made you feel that he understands, - And all that he asks of you - Is to share your lot, be it good or ill, - With a chance to be loyal and true? - Are you branded a failure? He does not know— - A sinner? He does not care— - You’re Master to him—that’s all that counts— - A word, and his day is fair. - Your birth and your station are nothing to him; - A Palace and Hut are the same; - And his love is yours in honor and peace, - As it’s yours through disaster and shame. - Though others forget you and pass you by, - He is ever your Faithful Friend,— - Ready to give you the best that is his, - Unselfishly, unto the End. - ESTHER BIRDSALL DARLING. - - - - - INDEX - - - Breed. Nationality. Page. - Bloodhound English 7 - Bulldog „ 8 - Bulldog (Miniature) „ 8 - Foxhound „ 9 - Trailhound „ 9 - Harrier „ 10 - Beagle „ 10 - Collie (Rough-Coated) „ 11 - Collie (Smooth-Coated) „ 11 - Retriever (Flat-Coated) „ 12 - Retriever (Curly-Coated) „ 12 - Pointer „ 13 - Setter „ 13 - Spaniel (Clumber) „ 14 - Spaniel (English Springer) „ 15 - Spaniel (Sussex) „ 15 - Spaniel (Field) „ 16 - Spaniel (Cocker) „ 16 - Fox Terrier (Smooth-Coated) „ 17 - Fox Terrier (Wire-Haired) „ 17 - Greyhound „ 18 - Whippet „ 18 - Bull Terrier „ 19 - Bull Terrier (Toy) „ 19 - Airedale „ 20 - Bedlington „ 20 - Manchester Terrier „ 21 - Manchester Terrier (Toy) „ 21 - Mastiff „ 22 - White English Terrier „ 22 - Old English Sheepdog „ 23 - White English Toy Terrier „ 23 - Otterhound „ 24 - Yorkshire Terrier „ 24 - Toy Spaniel „ 25 - Irish Wolfhound Irish 26 - Irish Terrier „ 27 - Kerry Beagle „ 27 - Irish Setter „ 28 - Irish Water Spaniel „ 28 - Skye Terrier (Prick-Eared) Scottish 29 - Skye Terrier (Drop-Eared) „ 29 - West Highland White Terrier „ 30 - Scottish Terrier „ 30 - Deerhound „ 31 - Shetland Sheepdog „ 31 - Dandie Dinmont „ 32 - Cairn Terrier „ 32 - Gordon Setter „ 33 - Bearded Collie „ 33 - Welsh Terrier Welsh 34 - Sealyham Terrier „ 34 - Welsh Springer „ 35 - Welsh Hound „ 35 - Gazelle Hound Indian 36 - Lhassa Terrier „ 37 - Tibetan Mastiff „ 37 - Rampur Greyhound „ 38 - Banjara „ 38 - Barb Australian 39 - Australian Terrier „ 39 - Kangaroo Greyhound „ 40 - Maltese Terrier Malta 40 - Newfoundland (Black) Newfoundland 41 - Newfoundland (Black and White) „ 42 - Huskie Canadian 42 - Labrador Retriever „ 42 - Pyrenean Sheepdog French 43 - French Sheepdog „ 44 - Barbet „ 44 - Smooth-Coated French Basset „ 45 - Rough-Coated French Basset „ 45 - Rough-Coated Basset of Brittany „ 46 - Basset of the Ardennes „ 46 - Rough-Coated Basset of Vendée „ 47 - Blue Basset of Gascogne „ 47 - French Pointer „ 48 - Dupuy Pointer „ 48 - Pointer of Ariege „ 49 - Pointer of Saint-Germain „ 49 - Pointer Bourbonnais „ 50 - Blue Pointer of Auvergne „ 50 - French Setter „ 51 - Setter of Picardie „ 51 - Setter of Pont-Audemer „ 51 - Griffon Boulet „ 52 - Griffon Guerlain „ 52 - Griffon Nivernais „ 53 - Griffon Fauve de Bretagne „ 53 - Griffon Vendeen „ 54 - French Bulldog „ 54 - Poodle (Corded) „ 55 - Poodle (Non-Corded) „ 55 - Poodle (Toy) „ 56 - Bordeaux „ 56 - Hound of Vendée „ 57 - Poitevin Hound „ 57 - Poitou Hound „ 58 - Normand Dog „ 58 - Saintonge „ 59 - Gascogne „ 59 - Franche-Comté „ 60 - Artois „ 60 - Virelade „ 61 - Gris de Saint-Louis „ 61 - Great Dane German 62 - Dachshund „ 63 - Pomeranian „ 64 - Pomeranian (Miniature) „ 64 - Dobermann Pinscher „ 65 - Affenpinscher „ 65 - German Shepherd Dog „ 66 - German Hound „ 66 - Wire-Coated German Terrier „ 67 - Smooth-Coated German Terrier „ 67 - Smooth-Coated German Pointer „ 68 - Rough-Coated German Pointer „ 68 - Pointer of Wurtemberg „ 69 - Pointer of Weimar „ 69 - German Setter „ 70 - Wachtelhund „ 70 - Griffon-Korthals „ 71 - Boxer „ 71 - Hanovrian Limer „ 72 - Bavarian Limer „ 72 - Italian Sheepdog Italian 73 - Sheepdog of Abruzzes „ 73 - Italian Greyhound „ 74 - Italian Griffon „ 74 - Italian Pointer Italian 75 - Bolognese „ 75 - Draught Dog Belgian 76 - Brussels Griffon „ 77 - Toy Brabantine „ 77 - Belgian Sheepdog „ 78 - Schipperke „ 78 - Papillon „ 79 - Wire-Haired Dutch Terrier Dutch 79 - Dutch Sheepdog „ 80 - Danish Pointer Denmark 80 - Austrian Hound Austrian 81 - Hungarian Sheepdog Hungarian 81 - Bosnian Hound Bosnian 82 - Dalmatian Dalmatian 82 - Spanish Pointer Spanish 83 - Medelan „ 83 - St. Bernard Swiss 84 - Swiss Setter „ 85 - Lucern Hound „ 85 - Bern Hound „ 86 - Swiss Hound „ 86 - Borzoi Russian 87 - Russian Yellow Retriever „ 88 - Russian Hound „ 88 - Owtchar „ 89 - Samoyed „ 89 - Finnish Pom Finland 90 - Finnish Hound „ 91 - Norwegian Elkhound Norwegian 91 - Swedian Hound Swedian 92 - Norwegian Hound Norwegian 92 - Iceland Dog Iceland 93 - Dog of Noorland Noorland 93 - Lapland Sheepdog Lapland 94 - Esquimau Greenland 94 - Boston Terrier American 95 - American Bloodhound „ 95 - Chesapeake „ 96 - American Foxhound „ 96 - Mexican Hairless Mexican 97 - Chihuahua „ 97 - Japanese Spaniel Japanese 98 - Pekingese Spaniel Chinese 99 - Happa „ 99 - Chow-Chow „ 100 - Pug „ 100 - Chinese Crested Dog „ 101 - Little Lion Dog „ 101 - Balearic Greyhound Spanish 102 - Phu-Quoc Greyhound Siamese 103 - Portuguese Greyhound Portuguese 103 - Persian Greyhound Persian 104 - Arabian Greyhound Arabian 104 - - - CHAPTERS. - - Dogs of Warfare 105 - British Sheepdogs 110 - Training the Shepherd Dog 113 - Police Dogs 115 - The Hunting World and the Use of Dogs 118 - The Gun and Coursing Dogs of the World 120 - Whippet Dogs and Whippet Racing 125 - The Sled Dogs of Alaska 127 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - “DOGS - OF ALL - NATIONS” - - - will give special displays on the - - Panama-Pacific International Exposition - - Track and Polo Grounds - - on _SUNDAY_ afternoons and - other special occasions featuring - the following UTILITY DOGS: - - SHEEP DOG TRIALS - POLICE DOG TRIALS - WAR DOG MANEUVERS - AMBULANCE DOG DRILL - ARCTIC SLED DOGS - WHIPPET RACING - PERFORMING DOGS - PARADE of the WORLD’S - CHAMPION BENCH DOGS - - Dates and other information will be announced later. - - _With eyes upraised, his master’s face to scan; - The joy, the solace, and the aid of man; - The rich man’s guardian, the poor man’s friend; - The only creature faithful to the end._ - -My twenty-five years’ experience as breeder, exhibitor, trainer and -judge of dogs is at the service of anyone requiring specimens either for -the show bench, for work in the field or for society. - - ABSOLUTE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. - -Dogs from my kennels are constantly taking leading show bench honors in -England, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, -and every State in North America. - -All sales effected during the Exposition must be made through the office -in the “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” building, for which an official receipt -will be given. - -Specimens purchased from the collection comprising the “DOGS OF ALL -NATIONS” exhibit may be either shipped by express in suitable traveling -crate or taken away on lead, in which event a special pass-out permit -will be required. - -References will be supplied, on request, to hundreds of satisfied -clients who have honored me with their patronage. - -Banking references as follows: - - Crocker National Bank, San Francisco, Cal. - New Netherlands Bank, New York, N. Y. - Ridgewood Trust Co., Ridgewood, N. J. - London County & Westminster Bank, Woking, Eng. - Bank of Liverpool, Southport, Eng. - - Address all communications during 1915 - - W. E. MASON - - “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” - - Exposition Grounds - San Francisco, Cal. - Phones: Fillmore 7000—Local 175 - - * * * * * - - EUROPEAN OFFICE - - 407 Lord Street, Southport, Eng. - - - - - MOORE’S TOXIN - - (_Bacterin_) - - FOR CANINE DISTEMPER - - Cures and Prevents - -This is the original distemper bacterin and nothing else has been -produced that gets the same results in the same way. It has been -thoroughly tested on both sides of the Atlantic for =NINE YEARS=. We are -proud of the verdict of those who use it. - - _Manufactured by_ - Middle Mass. Chemical Co. - Palmer, Mass., U. S. A. - - _European Agent_ - W. E. MASON - _407 Lord St., Southport, England_ - - _Canadian Agents_ - E. G. WEST & CO. - _80 George St., Toronto, Ont._ - - - - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - “FOR YOUR DOG’S SAKE” - - DR. DELANEY’S - - VERMILAX - - - SUPREME DOG REMEDIES - - USED AND RECOMMENDED BY - - THE BEST KENNELS IN THE WORLD - - FOR - HUNTING - DRAUGHT - RACING - WATCH - SHOW - PET - DOGS - - “Dogs of All Nations” - AND - Dogs of Every Age and Breed - - Blood Purifying Tablets $0.50 - Cankered Ear Lotion .50 - Chorea Tablets .50 - Condition Tablets .50 - Cough Syrup .50 - Diarrhoea Tablets .50 - Digestive Tablets .50 - Disinfectant and Germicide .50 - Distemper Remedy 1.00 - Eye Lotion .50 - Fever Tablets .50 - Flea Powder .25 - Gum Set (For Loose Teeth) .25 - Kidney Tablets .50 - Liniment .50 - Mange Remedy (Stainless) 1.00 - Mange Remedy (Standard) 1.00 - Mouth Wash .50 - Rheumatic Tablets .50 - Shampoo—“Veno” (For Toy Dogs and Puppies) .50 - Shampoo—Deodorizing (For Large Dogs) .50 - Skin Cleansing Cream (For Toy Dogs and Puppies) .50 - Skin Cleanser (For Large Dogs) .50 - Soap—Special Cake (For Toy Dogs and Puppies) .25 - Soap—Cake (For Large Dogs and All Animals) .25 - Tonic Tablets .50 - VERMILAX (The Supreme Worm Remedy) .50 - VERMILAX (The Supreme Worm Remedy) 1.00 - - VERMILAX SUPREME DOG REMEDIES - - ARE ABSOLUTELY UNSURPASSED - -Sold during the Exposition at the “=VERMILAX=” Exhibit in the Liberal -Arts Building also at the “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” Exhibit and by Leading -Drug and Department Stores, Sporting Goods Houses and Pet Shops -Everywhere. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - VERMILAX CO., Inc. - - Dept. D. N., 220 W. 42d St., New York - - (Send for Dr. Delaney’s Valuable FREE Book on Dogs) - - - - -[Illustration: - - Irish Wolfhound -] - - Toyon - - Southport St. Patrick - - Farm raised puppies from - the best imported stock - usually For Sale. - - TOYON KENNELS - - LOS ALTOS, CALIFORNIA - - - - -[Illustration] - - FOR WORMS GIVE - - CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE - - Either in Liquid form, Soft Capsules or Pills - -The peculiar virtue of Clayton’s Vermifuge is recognized by all dog -fanciers. There is no other vermifuge like it. - -CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE (Liquid) is equally good for dogs of all ages and -breeds, and is especially adapted for very young puppies. The treatment -for worms in puppies should be commenced at 10 days old, as they have -worms soon after birth. (Can be administered in capsules.) - -CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE (Soft) CAPSULES are intended for puppies after they -are six weeks old and for grown dogs. - -Where a pill is more easily administered there is nothing better than -Clayton’s Worm Pills. For puppies 6 weeks old and for grown dogs. - -Rid your puppies of worms and give them a chance to grow strong and -healthy. - - CLAYTON’S MANGE REMEDY AND CLAYTON’S SKIN LOTION - -Are for every form of Skin Disease. They are to destroy all parasites, -heal the skin and promote the growth of the hair. - - CLAYTON’S DISTEMPERINE AND CLAYTON’S DISTEMPERINE TABLETS - -Are for all forms of Distemper. You need not fear Distemper when you -have Clayton’s Distemperine or Clayton’s Distemperine Tablets. - - CLAYTON’S CONDITION PILLS WITH PEPSIN - -Are a reliable remedy for all run-down conditions of the nervous system, -or after any constitutional disease. They are especially useful when -convalescing from distemper. They are to make your dog eat and grow -strong and healthy. - - USE CLAYTON’S COOLING DOG WASH AND DISINFECTANT - -For Washing your Dog and to Disinfect your Kennel. It is an excellent -disinfectant, deodorizer and germicide. - - FULL LIST OF CLAYTON’S DOG REMEDIES - - Clayton’s Price Postpaid - Mange Remedy $0.50 $0.75 - Skin Lotion 50 75 - Distemperine 50 60 - Distemperine Tablets 50 50 - Condition Pills, Pepsin 50 50 - Blood Purifying and Cooling Pills 50 50 - Digestive Tablets 50 50 - Laxative Pills 50 50 - Worm Pills 50 50 - Tape Worm Expeller 50 50 - Vermifuge (Liquid) 50 60 - Vermifuge (Soft Capsules) 50 50 - Canker Lotion 50 60 - Canker Lotion Tablets 50 50 - Eye Lotion 50 60 - Eye Lotion Tablets 50 50 - Fit Remedy 50 60 - Fit Tablets 50 50 - Cough Remedy 50 60 - Sulphur Tablets 50 50 - Puppy Tonic 50 60 - Rheumatic Tablets 50 50 - Diarrhoea Remedy 50 60 - Diarrhoea Tablets 50 50 - Cholera Tablets 50 50 - Goitre Remedy 1.00 1.00 - Ceoline Dog Wash and Disinfectant 25 35 - Shampoo 25 30 - Kilflea Soap 25 30 - Dog Soap 20 25 - Ceoline Dog Soap 10 15 - Kilflea Powder 25 35 - -Clayton’s Remedies are for sale by all Sporting Goods Houses, Drug -Stores and Bird Stores. Send 2c. stamp for Dr. Clayton’s Treatise on the -Dog, or ask your dealer for one. - - Manufactured By - - Dr. Geo. W. Clayton, 1810 Wabash Ave., Chicago - - - GLOVER’S IMPERIAL DOG REMEDIES - - THE PIONEER AMERICAN DOG MEDICINES - - - The Result of - 35 Years’ - Experience in the - Treatment of - Sick Dogs - -[Illustration] - - Sold by - Druggists - and - Sporting Goods - Dealers - - COMPLETE LIST - - Distemper Remedy $1.00 - Mange Remedy .50 - Vermifuge .50 - Canker Wash .50 - Blood Purifier .50 - Tonic .50 - Cough Mixture .50 - Fit Remedy .50 - Eye Lotion .50 - Black Tongue Remedy .50 - Condition Pills .50 - Digestive Pills .50 - Liver Pills .50 - Comp. Sulphur Tablets .50 - Worm Capsules .50 - Tape Worm Capsules .50 - Diarrhoea Remedy .50 - Liniment .50 - Sore Foot Remedy .50 - Kennel and Stable Soap .25 - - _REFUSE WORTHLESS SUBSTITUTES_ - - Book on “DOG DISEASES AND HOW TO FEED,” Free on Application - - H. CLAY GLOVER, V. S. - - 25 Years Veterinarian to the Westminster Kennel Club - - 118 West 31st Street New York City, U. S. A. - - - “BETTIS” AIREDALES - -were accepted by the proprietor of the “Dogs of All Nations” Exhibit at -the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, because of their well known -qualities as Hunters, Protectors, Companions and Winners. For years they -have been produced Only from Educated and Winning stock of Fashionable -blood lines. They Win, Work and Please invariably. - - HY-BORN KENNELS - - Bettis Airedales Exclusively - - R. L. BETTIS, Owner FRESNO, CALIF. - - - “PITTSBURGH PERFECT” LAWN FENCES - -[Illustration] - -The most distinctive lawn fence fabric made. Supplied in styles and -sizes specially adapted to enclose Lawns, Gardens, Estates, Deer Parks, -Cemeteries, etc. Made of tough, strong, durable Open Hearth Wire -genuinely =double galvanized=. All wires electrically welded at the -joints. The strongest, toughest, most durable and economical fence you -can buy. In use all over the world. Sold by dealers everywhere. Write -for Catalogue. - - -[Illustration] - - PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY - PITTSBURGH, PA. - - BRANCH OFFICES: - - New York Chicago Memphis Duluth San Francisco Dallas - - The largest independent plant in the world manufacturing Nails, Wire and - Fencing - - - AT STUD - - The Imported Airedale Terrier - - “Clonmel Master Nobbler” - -[Illustration] - - A High Class Dog for High Class Bitches - -Airedale puppies for sale. Combining the most classical blood lines of -England and America. - - TOPCLIFFE KENNELS - - Property of Miss Edith Chesebrough - - BURLINGAME, CALIFORNIA - - - - - A Friendly Warning - - TO OWNER OF DOGS - -Guard against the substitution of inferior foods, said to be “Just as -good as Spratt’s” by insisting upon our name appearing on every package -you purchase. The success of the genuine production has given rise to a -number of imitations—but there are no real substitutes. - - NOTHING CAN TAKE THE PLACE OF - - SPRATT’S FOODS - -for Dogs, Cats, Poultry, Birds, etc., and in the interest of the health -and well being of your pet, it will pay you to ask for, and insist on -having “SPRATT’S.” - - SEND STAMP FOR “DOG CULTURE?” - - SPRATT’S PATENT LTD. - - Main office and factories - - NEWARK, NEW JERSEY - - Pacific Coast Depot - - No. 60 Federal Street, San Francisco, Cal. - - DEPOTS AT - - St. Louis, Mo. - Cleveland, Ohio - Chicago, Ill. - Boston, Mass. - Montreal, Canada - - FACTORIES ALSO AT - - London, England - Berlin, Germany - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES - - - 1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in - spelling. - 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. - 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - 4. Enclosed bold font in =equals=. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DOGS OF ALL NATIONS *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. 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