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+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #68890 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68890)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Dogs of all nations, by W. E. Mason
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Dogs of all nations
-
-Author: W. E. Mason
-
-Release Date: September 1, 2022 [eBook #68890]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-             Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
-             images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DOGS OF ALL NATIONS ***
-
-
-
-
-
- PATRONS ARE INFORMED THAT GREAT CARE HAS BEEN EXERCISED IN ASSEMBLING
- THE SPECIMENS COMPRISING THE “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” EXHIBIT AND MOST OF
-                         THEM MAY BE PURCHASED.
-
-                          APPLY TO PROPRIETOR,
-                  W. E. MASON, “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS,”
-                PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION,
-                          SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
-
-                            EUROPEAN OFFICE—
-                    407 LORD STREET, SOUTHPORT, ENG.
-
-
-
-
-                                  DOGS
-                                 OF ALL
-                                NATIONS
-
-
-                            _By W. E. MASON_
-
-[Illustration]
-
-A COMPLETE WORK, PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED, BEARING ON THE WORLD’S DIFFERENT
-VARIETIES OF THE DOG, GROUPED UNDER THEIR SEVERAL NATIONALITIES, WITH
-DESCRIPTIVE MATTER EXPLAINING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILITY OF
-EACH ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧ ❧
-
-
-
-
-                         In Grateful Recognition
-
-   of the patronage bestowed on his effort to assemble a representative
-                collection of all known breeds of dogs at
-
-             The Panama-Pacific International Exposition 1915
-
- the author respectfully dedicates this work to the following members of
-
-                           The English Peerage
-
-
-              The Earl of Lonsdale, J. P., D. L.
-              The Earl of Huntington, D. L.
-              The Duke of Beaufort, A. D. C., J. P., D. L.
-              The Marquis of Linlithgow.
-              Lord Viscount Hemsley.
-              Lord Vivian, P. C., G. C. M. G., C. B.
-              Lord Middleton, J. P., C. A., R. A.
-              Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, K. C. V. O.
-              Lord Fitzhardinge, J. P., D. L.
-              Sir Wm. Savory, Bart.
-              Sir Edmund Chaytor, Bart.
-              Sir Wyndham Hanmer, Bart., J. P., D. L.
-              Sir Daniel F. Gooch, Bart., J. P.
-              Sir M. Bromley-Wilson, Bart.
-              The Duchess of Hamilton.
-              Lady Viscountess Malden.
-              Lady Viscountess Valletort.
-              Lady Sophie Scott.
-              Lady Fairbairn.
-              Lady Muriel Worthington.
-              Lady V. Lacon.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-                                Preface
-
-
-The world-wide and constantly increasing interest in dogs prompts the
-author to present in concise form, and at a price within the reach of
-all, a description and illustration of every variety now known to be
-breeding true to type.
-
-An attempt is also made to group them in Nationalities, though, since it
-is admitted that the origin of certain varieties is somewhat obscure, no
-arbitrary lines can be laid down in this respect. Originality as to
-descriptions is not, in many instances, claimed by the author, though
-where the occasion seemed to call for it, modern ideals have been
-incorporated in the text. On the contrary, he acknowledges with thanks
-the services rendered by the following accepted authorities:
-
-                    Stonehenge
-                    Count Henry A. Graaf Van Bylandt
-                    Theo. Marples
-                    Dr. Caius
-
-Unless otherwise stated, the maximum sizes of the various breeds have
-been given. Bitches may be taken as about ten per cent lighter than the
-dogs. Owing to the exigencies of space the descriptions have been
-confined to color, size, head, ears, eye, tail and general appearance.
-Dogs, all the world over, more or less, are intended to be straight and
-strong on the legs, possessed of well padded feet and in other ways
-endowed with working qualifications.
-
-The author’s object will have been attained if the subject, in the form
-presented, is found acceptable to dog lovers who have not the leisure to
-study the more exhaustive works on dogs.
-
-
-
-
-                             English Breeds
-
-
-                   BLOODHOUND
-                   BULLDOG
-                   BULLDOG (Miniature)
-                   ENGLISH FOXHOUND
-                   TRAIL HOUND
-                   HARRIER
-                   BEAGLE
-                   COLLIE (Rough-coated)
-                   COLLIE (Smooth-coated)
-                   RETRIEVER (Flat-coated)
-                   RETRIEVER (Curly-coated)
-                   RETRIEVER (Golden)
-                   POINTER
-                   ENGLISH SETTER
-                   ENGLISH SPRINGER
-                   SUSSEX SPANIEL
-                   CLUMBER SPANIEL
-                   WATER SPANIEL
-                   FIELD SPANIEL
-                   COCKER SPANIEL
-                   FOX TERRIER (Smooth-coated)
-                   FOX TERRIER (Wire-haired)
-                   ENGLISH GREYHOUND
-                   WHIPPET
-                   BULL TERRIER
-                   BULL TERRIER (Miniature)
-                   AIREDALE TERRIER
-                   BEDLINGTON TERRIER
-                   MANCHESTER TERRIER
-                   MANCHESTER TERRIER (Miniature)
-                   MASTIFF
-                   WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER
-                   WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER (Miniature)
-                   OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG
-                   OTTERHOUND
-                   YORKSHIRE TERRIER
-                   TOY SPANIEL (King Charles)
-                   TOY SPANIEL (Prince Charles)
-                   TOY SPANIEL (Ruby)
-                   TOY SPANIEL (Blenheim)
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               BLOODHOUND
-
-Color: Black and tan, red and tan, and tawny; the darker colors being
-sometimes interspersed with lighter or badger-colored hair and sometimes
-flecked with white. Too much white is objectionable.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 90 lbs.
-
-The Bloodhound possesses in remarkable degree every point and
-characteristic of those dogs which hunt together by scent. He is very
-powerful and stands over more ground than is usual with hounds of other
-breeds. The skin is thin to the touch, and extremely loose, this being
-more especially noticeable about the head and neck, where it hangs in
-deep folds. His temperament is extremely affectionate, neither
-quarrelsome with companions nor with other dogs, and he is somewhat shy
-and sensitive.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                BULLDOG
-
-Color: White or white with black mask or muzzle, brindle, red, fawns
-(fallows, occasionally pied and mixed colors).
-
-Weight: A. exceeding 55 lbs.; B. exceeding 45 lbs.; C. not exceeding 45
-lbs.
-
-Until by law abolished, the Bulldog was used for bull baiting. In
-general appearance the bulldog should be a low-set, heavy-boned,
-smooth-coated dog built on broad and powerful lines. His head should be
-strikingly massive and large in proportion to the dog’s size, the face
-extremely short, muzzle very broad, blunt and inclined upwards, body
-short and well knit, the limbs stout and muscular, hind quarters very
-high and strong, but rather lightly made in comparison with its heavily
-made foreparts. The dog conveys an impression of determination, strength
-and activity.
-
-The Bulldog may be said to occupy the pride of place amongst the
-non-sporting varieties. Furthermore, it is one of the oldest of them and
-has been selected by the British themselves to typify the national
-character and is often termed the national breed. Certain it is that he
-conveys a “what we have we’ll hold” impression, and for a dogged,
-determined, courageous and tenacious symbol one could not imagine any
-breed filling the role more aptly.
-
-
-                          BULLDOG (Miniature)
-
-Weight: Not exceeding 22 lbs.
-
-The points and characteristics of this sub-division of the British
-bulldog may be summed up in the simple statement that it should be an
-exact duplicate in miniature of the larger specimen in every point and
-detail, excepting size.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            ENGLISH FOXHOUND
-
-Color: Not of great moment so long as it is not wholly black or wholly
-white. The favorite color is black and hare-tan, distributed in large
-patches on a white ground.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 85 lbs.
-
-A clean-cut, powerful hound. He has oblique and well laid-back
-shoulders, gracefully arched neck, good spring of rib, strong loins, and
-powerful hindquarters.
-
-Skull should be flat, of medium width, the muzzle long, rather narrow
-and deep and square at the end, with large nostrils. He is endowed with
-extraordinary bone and hard, cat-like feet.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              TRAIL HOUND
-
-Color: White with red, brown or yellow patches.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 46 lbs.
-
-This is a well built and symmetrical dog with a large head, domed in
-skull, “stop” not too pronounced, occipital bone fairly well developed
-and with good length of muzzle. The eyes are rather small and brown in
-color. Nose sharp with open nostrils. The ears are set on low and lay
-close to the head. The back is strong and muscular, and chest deep. Legs
-straight, long and muscular. Stern is of medium length, carried higher
-than the back and the coat short and dense.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                HARRIER
-
-Color: Any hound color.
-
-Height: 18 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-The leading features of Harriers are long heads, free from “stop,”
-square muzzles, sloping shoulders, straight forelegs, round cat-like
-feet, short backs, well sprung ribs, strong loins, and sound
-hindquarters with well bent stifles.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 BEAGLE
-
-Color: Blue mottle, black tan and white, black and tan, lemon and white
-or any other hound color.
-
-Height: 15 in.
-
-The beagle is without doubt one of the oldest distinct breeds we have.
-
-Beagles to be very choice can scarcely be bred too small. Although far
-inferior in speed to the harrier the sense of smelling is equally if not
-more exquisite in the beagle.
-
-The short back, compact body, straight legs, round feet, powerful loins,
-nicely placed shoulders, and the true beagle head is a beautiful thing
-to look upon.
-
-There are also the “pocket” beagle, which stands not more than 11 in.
-high and a rough or wire-haired variety, though now very scarce. They
-are hardy and useful in a rough country.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 COLLIE
-                             (Rough-Coated)
-
-Color: Any color is accepted provided the markings do not disfigure. The
-most popular colors are sable, with its many varying shades, and white
-markings, black with white and tan markings, and blue merles.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-The collie is a lithe, active dog, and is remarkable chiefly for his
-intelligent, cunning, yet kindly outlook, his magnificent coat and the
-devotion he displays to his master. The elegance of his outline is quite
-distinct from any other breed and shows great strength and activity. The
-head should be moderately long, proportionate to the size of the dog,
-with a flat skull moderately wide between the ears, and a very slight
-elevation at the eyebrows, and very little “stop.” The muzzle should be
-well filled up before the eyes. The ears are small and when at attention
-should be carried semi-erect, with the tips turning slightly outwards.
-The eyes are a most important feature in this breed. They should be
-almond-shaped, not too large or too small, set obliquely in the head,
-and of a dark hazel color. The blue merles should have a merled or
-“China” eye, though this is not an essential. On the size, color and
-placing of the eyes, together with the size and placement of the ears
-depends the expression and characteristic outlook which is so
-appreciated by connoisseurs. The neck should be long, body fairly short,
-with well sprung ribs, chest deep and forelegs straight. Any tendency to
-cow-hocks in the hind legs should be penalized. The tail should be
-fairly long, carried low when in repose, and straight or gaily when
-excited. The coat, except on the mask, tips of ears and legs where it is
-smooth, should be very abundant, especially around the neck and chest,
-where it should form a distinct cape and frill. A dense undercoat is
-also very essential.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 COLLIE
-                            (Smooth Coated)
-
-The smooth collie is identical with his rough-coated brother, excepting
-that the coat should be short, dense and flat, with an abundance of
-undercoat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         FLAT-COATED RETRIEVER
-
-Color: Rich black, free from rustiness and from white. There is also a
-Golden Retriever so named because of the golden or yellow color of his
-coat.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 68 lbs.
-
-The symmetry and elegance of this dog are considerable and essential,
-and he has a decidedly sporting character. The head should be long with
-the skull wide and flat at the top, and slight furrow down the middle.
-Eyes of medium size, dark brown or hazel in color with a bright
-intelligent and mild expression indicating a good temper. The neck long
-and muscular, chest broad and deep with well developed and well sprung
-ribs. The tail should be bushy but not feathered, carried gaily but not
-curled over the back. His coat should be fairly long, bright, close and
-thick, and either straight or slightly waved.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         CURLY-COATED RETRIEVER
-
-Color: Black or liver, a white patch on chest is objectionable.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 68 lbs.
-
-A strong, smart dog moderately low on leg, active, lively, beaming with
-intelligence and expression. The head should be long and narrow for the
-length, the eyes should be rather large and cannot be too dark. Chest
-not too wide but decidedly deep, back muscular and rather short with
-powerful loins, straight forelegs and plenty of bone. The coat should be
-formed of small tight curls all over the body much resembling the
-Astrachan.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                POINTER
-
-Color: A predominance of white is most favored by sportsmen. Liver and
-white, lemon and white, and black and white are also quite common. Whole
-colors black, liver and various shades of yellow are also quite correct.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-The Pointer is an elegantly shaped dog, symmetrical and well built all
-over, of great strength and endurance, yet full of refinement and very
-speedy. The leading essentials of a good Pointer are pace, endurance,
-intelligence, and powers of smell. The head should be fairly long and
-broad at the skull, muzzle long and well filled up. Eyes soft and dark
-brown in color. Ears soft and hanging gracefully. Neck well arched and
-long, free from dewlap or throatiness. Ribs well arched. Loins and hind
-quarters very muscular. The stern must be strong at the root and free
-from the slightest approach to curl at the tip.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             ENGLISH SETTER
-
-Color: Black and white ticked, with large splashes and more or less
-marked with black, known as blue belton; orange and white, ticked as in
-the blacks and blues; liver and white, ticked in similar manner; black
-and white, with tan markings; orange or lemon with white ticks; black
-and white; liver and white. Pure white, black, liver and red or yellow
-are occasionally seen but not desirable.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-This dog owns an elegant outline. The skull is moderately narrow between
-the ears, with prominent occiput, a decided brow over the eyes, with
-long muzzle. The eyes should be dark brown in color, and are full of
-animation. Ears small, thin and soft, carried close to the cheeks. The
-neck should be slightly arched, but must not be throaty, chest deep and
-wide, tail should be carried with a gentle sweep downwards, and well
-feathered with straight silky hair. The coat is soft and silky without
-curl, and he should have plenty of feather on both fore and hind legs.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            CLUMBER SPANIEL
-
-Color: Creamy white with lemon markings; orange markings not so typical.
-
-Height: 18 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-This is a long, low, massive dog, with a thoughtful expression. The
-skull is large, massive and broad on top, with decided occiput, heavy
-brow and deep stop. The muzzle should be of medium length, square and
-with flews well developed. His orange brown eyes are of medium size and
-deep set. The ears are large and pointed at the tip and the hair on them
-should be straight. His neck is thick and powerful, well feathered
-underneath, and his body is long, strong and barrel-like and the hind
-quarters very powerful and muscular. The stern is docked, well
-feathered, low set, and carried level with the back, and his coat is
-abundant, soft and straight.
-
-The Clumber is said to have been evolved by one of the Dukes of
-Newcastle at Clumber Castle, in Nottinghamshire, England, from which
-connection he takes his name.
-
-The breed is also affected by other influential members of the English
-peerage, which, together with his dignified bearing and classical
-lineage, account for being dubbed the aristocrat of the spaniel family.
-The Clumber differs from all other varieties of the Spaniel in that he
-is considerably heavier and more massive and therefore less active and a
-slower dog in the field. For this reason he is used largely by sportsmen
-who do not care to travel as fast as the more agile varieties work.
-
-Albeit as an all-round hunter the Clumber is probably without his equal
-and is excellent alike both as a field and water dog.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            ENGLISH SPRINGER
-
-Color: Almost any color.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-This dog is leggier in comparison to any other field spaniel and has a
-short and symmetrical body, long head, square muzzle, rather narrow
-skull, and low-set ears. He combines strength with activity, courage
-with docility, and all the characteristics of a workman and gentleman
-combined, but without his vices. The coat is thick, firm and smooth or
-slightly wavy, and must not be too long.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             SUSSEX SPANIEL
-
-Color: A deep shaded golden liver.
-
-Height: 16 in.
-
-Weight: 45 lbs.
-
-In appearance the Sussex Spaniel is a sedate and thoughtful looking dog
-when at rest but is full of life and activity when at work. The skull is
-massive and heavy for his size with the forehead projecting over the
-eyes. The jaws are long and square with flews fairly well developed and
-nostrils large and of liver color. The eyes should be hazel in color,
-large and soft in expression and should not show any haw. Ears large and
-well furnished with silky hair. The body is long and round, with chest
-deep and ample. The hind quarters are very muscular. The stern should be
-docked to about 6 in. in length, set low, with a downward action and
-well feathered. A low carriage of tail is most desirable. The coat is
-straight or slightly wavy, thick, soft and abundant.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             FIELD SPANIEL
-
-Color: Jet black throughout, a little white on chest, though a drawback,
-should not disqualify.
-
-Height: 15 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-This is a moderately low and long dog, sound in the hind limbs, with
-well sprung ribs and strong quarters. The head should be long and level
-on top, with some stop. The skull should be narrow and the muzzle deep
-and square. The ears are set on low and moderately long. The eye should
-always be dark. The coat is flat, dense and glossy, with a fair amount
-of feathering. Excessive feathering is objectionable.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             COCKER SPANIEL
-
-Color: Jet black. A white, short frill is not disqualified but is not
-desirable. Other colors—liver, lemon, red or any of these colors with
-white or tan or both.
-
-Height: 12 in.
-
-Weight: 25 lbs.
-
-This dog should be shaped like a setter in miniature, but he is more
-merry and alert in expression and behavior. It is essential that he
-should combine small size with great activity. The skull is fairly long
-and forehead raised. Color of eyes varies according to the color of the
-coat, but should always be mild in expression. The ears are of moderate
-size, broad rather than long and fairly well covered with hair. His neck
-is long, clean, arched, and muscular, with well developed body and very
-strong hind quarters. The stern is docked, carried downwards, and has a
-perpetually vibrating movement, a sort of restless quivering, peculiar
-to his breed. The coat is smooth or slightly wavy, very dense but not
-very long.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              FOX TERRIER
-                            (Smooth Coated)
-
-Color: White should predominate; brindle, red or liver markings are
-objectionable.
-
-Height: 16 in.
-
-Weight: 20 lbs.
-
-This dog generally presents a gay, lively and active appearance. He must
-also possess speed and endurance, and the symmetry of an English
-Foxhound. He must on no account be leggy, and like a well built hunter
-cover plenty of ground without being long in the body. The skull is flat
-and moderately narrow, ears V-shaped and small, dropping forward close
-to the cheek, jaws strong and muscular. Eyes dark in color, small, full
-of fire and intelligence, neck clean and muscular without throatiness,
-chest deep but not broad, and the back should be short, straight and
-strong. His legs viewed in any direction must be straight, well boned
-throughout, and short and straight at the pasterns. His feet should be
-round and compact, tail set on rather high, always docked, and carried
-gaily, but not over the back or curled, and should be well coated. His
-coat is straight, flat, smooth, hard, dense and abundant.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              FOX TERRIER
-                             (Wire-haired)
-
-This variety is identical with the smooth-coated Fox Terrier, except in
-the matter of coat, which should be broken, and the harder and more wiry
-the texture the better. On no account should it look or feel woolly or
-silky. The coat should not be too long so as to give him a shaggy
-appearance.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           ENGLISH GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Any color, but those preferred are black, red or brindles, fawn,
-blue and slates.
-
-Height: 27 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-The Greyhound’s head should be fairly wide between the ears and of good
-length. The muzzle is long and lean. The eyes are full, bright and
-penetrating, giving one the idea of high spirits and animation. The ears
-are set well back on the head, small and folding when at rest, but
-raised when in action. The neck is fairly long, arched and very
-flexible. The shoulders should be as oblique as possible. Chest wide and
-deep, back powerful and arched, loins strong, broad and deep, and the
-hind legs very muscular, somewhat long, the stifles strong and well
-bent, and very muscular thighs. The tail is long, fine and nicely
-curved. A terse description of this dog is contained in the following
-couplet:
-
-                         The head of a snake,
-                         The neck of a drake,
-                         A back like a beam,
-                         A side like a bream,
-                         The tail of a rat,
-                         And the foot of a cat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                WHIPPET
-
-This dog is a greyhound in miniature. The weights of the racing whippet
-vary from 10 to 23 lbs., the best running weight being about 16 lbs.,
-which is also considered the best size for an ideal show specimen.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              BULL TERRIER
-
-Color: Pure white.
-
-Height: 18 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-This is a symmetrically built dog and the embodiment of agility, grace,
-elegance and determination. He is styled by some as the Gladiator of the
-canine race. Certainly he is plucky, yet generations of training have
-made him the easiest of dogs to control. The skull is flat and wide
-between the ears, and there should be no stop. The jaws are long and
-very powerful, eyes small, very black and of almond shape. Ears when not
-cropped should be small and carried semi-erect. The neck is long and
-slightly arched without any loose skin. Chest wide and deep with well
-sprung ribs, back short and muscular, tail short, set on very low down,
-thick at the root, and tapering to a fine point, and must never be
-carried over the back. The coat is short, close and stiff to the touch,
-with a fine gloss.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            TOY BULL TERRIER
-
-This dog should resemble the bull terrier in every respect except as to
-size.
-
-Height, 12 in.
-
-Weight, 15 lbs.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            AIREDALE TERRIER
-
-Color: The head and ears, with the exception of dark markings on each
-side of skull, should be rich tan, as also should be the legs to the
-thighs and elbows. The body should be black or dark grizzle.
-
-Height: About 24 in.
-
-Weight: About 50 lbs.
-
-This dog is of a fairly recent creation. He is a sensible and
-companionable dog, game to the core and a fine guard. He has a well knit
-frame, great bone for his size, a long punishing jaw and lean head, with
-a keen expression and a wiry, weather resisting coat. His ears should be
-small and V-shaped. The tail is set on high and carried gaily, but not
-curled over the back. The coat is hard and wiry but not so long as to
-appear ragged. It should be straight and close.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           BEDLINGTON TERRIER
-
-Color: Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, sandy and
-tan.
-
-Height: 16 in.
-
-Weight: 24 lbs.
-
-In general appearance the Bedlington is a lightly built, lathy dog, but
-not shelly. The skull is narrow, deep and rounded, high at the occiput,
-covered with a nice silky tuft or top-knot. His muzzle must be long and
-tapering. The eyes are small, placed obliquely, and close together, and
-in shade should follow the color of the dog. The ears are moderately
-large, placed low, thinly covered and tipped with fine silky hair, and
-filbert shaped. The neck is long and chest deep, though not wide. The
-back should be slightly arched, and the body well ribbed up. The tail is
-thick at the root and scimitar shaped. The coat is a mixture of hard and
-soft hair, of the stand-off variety, and crisp to the touch.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           MANCHESTER TERRIER
-
-Color: Jet black and rich mahogany tan. The position of the tan markings
-is important. The muzzle should be tanned to the nose. A bright spot on
-each cheek and above each eye and the under-jaw and throat are tanned
-with a distinct black V mark immediately under the jaw. The fore legs
-should be tanned up to the knee, with black lines up each toe, and a
-black “thumb” mark above the foot. The insides of the hind legs tanned,
-but divided with black at the hock joint. The under part of the tail is
-also tanned, and there should be a light tan mark at each side of the
-chest. Tan outside of hind legs, commonly called “breeching,” is a
-serious defect, and in all cases the black should not run into the tan,
-or vice versa. The two colors should be well defined.
-
-Height: 17 in.
-
-Weight: 20 lbs.
-
-This is a good boned dog with the appearance of speed and activity
-rather than of strength, and he should be free of any approach to the
-whippet type. Head should be long, flat and narrow at skull, level and
-wedge-shaped, and well filled up before the eyes, which should be small,
-brilliant and dark. The ears if cropped should be carried erect. Chest
-narrow and deep, body moderately short with well sprung ribs. The tail
-is rather short and should not be carried higher than the back, and the
-coat is close, smooth, short and glossy.
-
-In the opinion of many the ban of the English Kennel Club, which now
-prohibits the cropping of dogs’ ears, has seriously impaired the
-popularity of this breed, as it is claimed that drop ears, no matter how
-small and neatly they may be carried, compare unfavorably with the smart
-appearance conveyed by neatly cropped ears. None the less a tremendous
-amount of suffering unquestionably has been prevented as a result of the
-English Kennel Club’s ruling, and all good sportsmen will endorse its
-decision.
-
-TOY MANCHESTER TERRIER
-
-This dog should resemble his larger brother in every respect except that
-he should be under ten inches in height and under six pounds in weight.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                MASTIFF
-
-Color: Apricot or silver fawn or dark fawn brindle. In any case the
-muzzle, ears and nose should be black, with black shadings around the
-orbits extending upwards between them.
-
-Height: 28 in.
-
-Weight: 170 lbs.
-
-This is a large, massive, powerful dog, with symmetrical and well knit
-frame, a combination of grandeur, good nature, courage and docility. The
-head offers a square appearance when viewed from any point. Great depth
-is much desired. The skull is broad between the ears, with muscles on
-the temples and cheeks well developed. There should be a depression up
-the center of the forehead. The muzzle is short, blunt and square. The
-eyes are small, wide apart, with stop between the eyes well marked, and
-of a hazel-brown color, showing no haw. The ears are small, thin, set on
-high and lay flat to the cheeks. The chest is wide and deep and the back
-wide and muscular with great depth of flanks. His tail is thick at the
-root and hangs straight in repose. The coat is short and close laying.
-
-The Mastiff is one of the very oldest breeds known to the British Isles.
-The Assyrian kings possessed a large dog of decided Mastiff type and
-used it for lion hunting. Credible authorities point to a similarity,
-also, between the Mastiff and the fierce Molorsian of the ancient
-Greeks, and it is claimed by many students that the breed was introduced
-into Britain in the sixth century B. C. by adventurous Phoenician
-traders.
-
-WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER
-
-Color: Pure white.
-
-This terrier should resemble the Manchester terrier illustrated on the
-previous page in every respect excepting in regard to color, which
-should be a pure white.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: Any shade of gray, grizzle or blue with or without white
-markings. Height: 24 in. Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-This is a strong, compact dog, profusely coated, with a characteristic
-ambling when trotting, and owns a thick-set, muscular short body,
-liberal bone, and a most intelligent expression. The skull is capacious,
-squarely formed, and well covered with hair. The eyes vary in color
-according to the shade of the dog. A “wall” or “China” eye is considered
-typical. The small ears are carried flat to the side of his head. Many
-are bred tailless, if otherwise they are docked close. The coat is
-profuse, of good hard texture, not straight, but shaggy, yet free from
-curl. He should have plenty of undercoat.
-
-This breed is also of very early origin and has been bred in England for
-some hundreds of years. He is probably a relic of the early pastoral
-days when the wolf inhabited the British isles, from which the flocks
-and herds had to be protected. Some authorities claim, however, that he
-is a descendant of the Russian Owtchar.
-
-WHITE ENGLISH TOY TERRIER
-
-This Toy Terrier should resemble the white English Terrier mentioned on
-the previous page in every respect except as regards size, which should
-be under ten inches high and under 6 lbs. weight.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               OTTERHOUND
-
-Color: Grizzle and tan, blue and tan, yellow or red.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 90 lbs.
-
-The Rough-Coated Otterhound’s head should be large, but not showing
-quite the peak of the bloodhound, long with strong and powerful jaws,
-the whole appearance being sedate and intelligent. The eye should be
-dark, the haw sometimes showing, but this is not a defect of the breed.
-His long and pendulous ears are set on close to the head and covered
-with hair short and fine in texture. The coat is hard, crisp, and not
-too long, having also a close, woolly, water-resisting undercoat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           YORKSHIRE TERRIER
-
-Color: On the head a beautiful golden tan, much darker on the ears. The
-back and tail should be dark blue inclining to silver, the latter color
-extending over the other portions of the body, excepting the legs, which
-should be a golden tan.
-
-There are two classes for weight, under 5 lbs., and over 5 lbs. but not
-exceeding 12 lbs.
-
-This is a long-coated pet dog, the coat hanging quite straight and
-evenly down each side with a parting extending from the nose to the end
-of the tail. His general appearance is one of compactness and neatness,
-with a sprightly and important bearing. The head is rather small and
-should be flat. The hair should be very long on his muzzle and chin, of
-a rich tan shade, and on no account intermingled with dark or sooty
-hair. The ears when cropped are carried quite erect; when not cropped,
-semi-erect. His body is very compact, and level on back. The tail is cut
-to a medium length and should be well covered with dark blue hair,
-especially at the end. The coat should be as long as possible, straight
-and glossy as silk, and not wavy or woolly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              TOY SPANIEL
-
-Weight: Not exceeding 10 lbs.
-
-The color of this dog varies with his breed, there being four varieties:
-A. The King Charles; B. Tri-color, or Prince Charles; C. Ruby; D.
-Blenheim.
-
-The King Charles is a rich glossy black, with deep tan spots over the
-eyes and on the cheeks.
-
-The Tri-color or Prince Charles should have the tan of the King Charles
-with markings like the Blenheim in black instead of red, on a pearly
-white ground, the ears and under the tail should be lined with tan, and
-he has no “spot.”
-
-The Ruby is a rich chestnut red and a few white hairs intermixed on his
-chest carries great weight against him, as they do on the chest of the
-King Charles.
-
-The Blenheim must on no account be whole colored, but should have a
-ground of pure pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or Ruby
-markings, evenly distributed in large patches, and should have a spot on
-the forehead.
-
-Strictly speaking this breed might, with some justice, be classed with
-the Spanish breeds, as unquestionably the King Charles Spaniel
-originally hailed from that country, but since the early part of the
-seventeenth century certain families of the English nobility have
-affected him and it is equally true to assign the production of the
-other three varieties to their influence and breeding operations.
-
-The King Charles’s compactness of shape almost rivals that of the Pug.
-He has a broad back and wide chest. The head is well domed, and in good
-specimens is semi-globular, and the skull should project over the eyes,
-so as to nearly meet the upturned nose. The eyes are set wide apart, are
-large and dark, with enormous pupils. The stop is well marked, some good
-specimens exhibiting a hollow. The nose is short and well turned up and
-should be both deep and wide with open nostrils. The ears must be long
-so as to almost touch the ground, are set low on the head, and be
-heavily feathered. The coat is long, silky, soft and wavy, but not
-curly. In the Blenheim there should be a profuse mane. The feathering
-should be well displayed on the ears and feet, and on the King Charles
-the feathering is very long and profuse. The feathering on the tail
-(which is cut to the length of three or four inches) should be silky,
-forming a marked “flag” of a square shape, and must not be carried above
-the level of the back.
-
-
-
-
-                              Irish Breeds
-
-
-                          IRISH WOLFHOUND
-                          IRISH TERRIER
-                          KERRY BEAGLE
-                          IRISH SETTER
-                          IRISH WATER SPANIEL
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            IRISH WOLFHOUND
-
-Color: Gray, red, black, pure white, fawn and brindle.
-
-Height: 35 in.
-
-Weight: 150 lbs.
-
-This dog though not as heavy and massive as the Great Dane is more so
-than the Deerhound. He has a commanding appearance and is very muscular,
-strongly though gracefully built, with movements easy and active. The
-head is long, skull not too broad, and muzzle moderately pointed. Eyes
-dark in color, ears small and of the greyhound type, neck very strong,
-muscular and well arched, with a long back and muscular thighs. The tail
-is long and slightly curved and well covered with hair. Coat should be
-rough and hard on the body, legs and head, and especially long and wiry
-over the eyes and under the jaw.
-
-This breed is undoubtedly of great antiquity and was freely bred and
-used hundreds of years ago in Ireland for the hunting of wolves. When
-wolves became extinct the breeding of Irish Wolfhounds came to its
-lowest ebb, but during the last twenty years great strides have been
-made to resuscitate, and it is now one of the most popular of the large
-varieties on the show bench.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             IRISH TERRIER
-
-Color: Whole colored bright red, red, wheaten or yellow-red. A little
-white is permissible on chest and feet, but is not desirable.
-
-Height: 18 in.
-
-Weight: 24 lbs.
-
-The outstanding feature of this dog is a style of physiognomy and
-expression peculiarly his own. The head is a little longer than the fox
-terrier’s, his eyes hazel rather than very dark, and so set as to give
-him the sort of dare-devil expression for which he is so famous. The
-ears are small and V-shaped and drop forward close to the cheek. The
-back should be strong, with loins broad and powerful. The stern is
-generally docked, should be well covered with rough hair but free from
-feathering. The coat is hard, wiry, straight and flat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              KERRY BEAGLE
-
-Color: Black and tan, blue mottled and tan, black tan and white, tan and
-white.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 45 lbs.
-
-A well built and muscular dog. Head of moderate length, broad in skull,
-slightly arched from eyes to point of nose, with long round muzzle. The
-eyes are large, bright and intelligent, varying in color from bright
-yellow to a deep brown. Ears large, pendulous, falling below the neck
-and set on low. Chest deep but not broad. Back strong, moderate in
-length and muscular. The stern is long and evenly furnished with hair,
-thick at the root and carried curved upwards. The coat is hard, close
-and smooth.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              IRISH SETTER
-
-In the leading essentials, this dog is similar to its English brother.
-The main difference between the two is that the head of the Irish dog is
-not quite so long in proportion and the occipital bone not so well
-developed. His eyes, too, are lighter, and show less haw, and his
-expression, like that of the Irish Water Spaniel and the Irish Terrier,
-is different than any English variety. In fact it is a characteristic
-purely Irish expression.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          IRISH SPANIEL WATER
-
-Color: A pure deep liver without any white.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-This is a highly intelligent dog with a rare combination of power and
-activity. The skull is capacious with forehead prominent. Ears are set
-on low, are long and well feathered. The neck muscular, body well
-ribbed, chest deep and broad. The stern is thick at the root, is short
-and tapers to a fine point, and is carried quite stiff and straight. It
-should be covered with short, smooth hair, and present a whip-like
-appearance. The coat is oily and on the body composed of small crisp
-ringlets, on the head is a pronounced top-knot of long ringlets. The
-mask is perfectly smooth.
-
-
-
-
-                            Scottish Breeds
-
-
-                      SKYE TERRIER (prick-eared)
-                      SKYE TERRIER (drop-eared)
-                      WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER
-                      SCOTTISH TERRIER
-                      SCOTTISH DEERHOUND
-                      GORDON SETTER
-                      DANDIE DINMONT
-                      CAIRN TERRIER
-                      SHETLAND SHEEPDOG
-                      BEARDED COLLIE
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              SKYE TERRIER
-                             (Prick-eared)
-
-Color: Dark or light blue or gray, or fawn with black points. Ears much
-darker than the body.
-
-Height: 9 in.
-
-Weight: 18 lbs.
-
-This is a dog of long and low structure. The skull is wide at front of
-brow, narrows between the ears and tapers gradually toward the muzzle.
-The eyes should be hazel color and set close together. Ears small,
-carried nearly erect, and the neck long. The back should be level and
-slightly declining from hip to shoulders, and should be very long and
-low. The tail should hang perpendicular with a slight backward curl at
-the end. This dog’s coat should be long, hard, straight and flat, with a
-short, dense woolly undercoat. The hair on the head is shorter and
-softer than on the rest of the body, and should veil the forehead and
-eyes.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                       SKYE TERRIER (Drop-eared)
-
-The drop-eared Skye Terrier is identical with his prick-eared brother in
-every respect, except that the ears are a little larger, should hang
-straight down, lying flat at the side of the head, and incline a little
-towards the front.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                      WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER
-
-Color: Pure white.
-
-Height: 12 in.
-
-Weight: 17 lbs.
-
-In general appearance this dog is a small, game, hardy-looking terrier,
-with a varminty appearance, strongly built, with straight back on
-muscular legs. The coat should be about two and one-half inches long, of
-a hard texture, with plenty of undercoat, and no tendency to wave or
-curl. The tail should be straight, carried not too gaily, covered with
-hard hair, but not bushy. The ears are small and as pointed as possible,
-and carried absolutely erect. Eyes of moderate size, dark hazel in
-color, widely placed, with a sharp, bright, intelligent expression. The
-muzzle should be long and powerful.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            SCOTTISH TERRIER
-
-Color: Steel or Iron-gray, Black-brindle, Brown-brindle, Gray brindle,
-Grizzled, Black, Sandy and Wheaten.
-
-(White markings are objectionable.)
-
-Height: 12 in.
-
-Weight: 20 lbs.
-
-In general appearance this dog should appear to be higher on the leg
-than he really is. He should look compact, be possessed of great muscle
-in the hind quarters, and be powerfully put together throughout. He
-should own a sharp, bright, and active expression, and head should be
-carried well up. Skull should be long, slightly domed, very powerful
-muzzle and very little stop. Eyes of dark hazel color, set wide apart,
-small, piercing and very bright. Ears small and erect, and sharp
-pointed, and covered with a velvety hair. The neck is short, thick and
-muscular. Chest broad, body short and well ribbed up, and exceedingly
-strong in hind quarters. The tail is never docked and should be carried
-gaily. The coat is about two inches long on the body, dense, hard and
-wiry in texture.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               DEERHOUND
-
-Color: Dark blue-gray, brindles, yellow and sandy, red or red fawn,
-especially if with black points. White is objectionable.
-
-Height: 30 in.
-
-Weight: 100 lbs.
-
-In general form the deerhound should be like a greyhound, but heavier
-and wiry coated. The head is long and the muzzle tapers decidedly toward
-the nose. The skull should be flat with no stop. The eyes are dark brown
-or hazel, and convey a soft look in repose, but a keen far-away
-expression when the dog is aroused. The ears are set on high and should
-fall back. A prick ear is bad, and a thick ear hanging flat to the head
-or heavily coated is an even worse fault. The neck is fairly long and
-very strong, and should carry sufficient coat to form a mane. The chest
-is deep rather than broad, and the tail is fairly long and carried
-straight down or curved when in repose. The coat on the body, neck and
-quarters should be harsh and wiry, and about three or four inches long.
-The Deerhound should be a shaggy dog. A woolly coat is bad.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           SHETLAND SHEEPDOG
-
-This variety is of recent origin, the questionable intention being to
-evolve a toy collie. The weights aimed at are from 7 to 10 lbs., and the
-colors and conformation throughout should follow the collie as nearly as
-possible. Considerable strides have already been made in this direction,
-though the author does not regard the nature and disposition of a collie
-as suitable for lap-dog purposes.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             DANDIE DINMONT
-
-Color: Pepper or mustard. The peppers range from a dark bluish-black to
-a light silvery-gray. The mustards vary from a reddish brown to a pale
-fawn, the head being a creamy white.
-
-Height: 10 in.
-
-Weight: 18 lbs.
-
-This is a terrier of considerable antiquity. He is very game and a dog
-of exceptional power and pluck, yet endowed with an abundance of common
-sense and docility. He should be round in skull, full in eye, which
-should be a rich dark hazel. This dog should be strong in jaw, with
-short, stout legs, and long weasel-shaped body, with a soft linty coat
-and top-knot. A point strongly demanded is the size and carriage of his
-ears, which should be almond-shaped, set on low, smooth-coated, with
-edges fringed with longer hair, and lay very close to the head.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             CAIRN TERRIER
-
-Color: The most appreciated colors are rich red-brindle and silver-gray
-brindle. Black mask and muzzle very desirable.
-
-Height: 10 in.
-
-Weight: About 12 lbs.
-
-This smart terrier is today one of the most popular of all the terrier
-varieties. The head is fairly capacious for his size, ears are small and
-carried erect, eye small, dark and of the peculiar keen “cairn”
-expression not found in any other breed; well sprung in ribs, abundance
-of bone and straight fore legs. The coat should be harsh and as dense as
-possible.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             GORDON SETTER
-
-Color: Red and black, with rich dark mahogany markings. The tan should
-appear on lips, cheeks, throat, spots over the eyes, underside of ears,
-front of chest, and the lower part of both fore and hind legs.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-In general appearance this is a well built and elegant dog, heavier than
-the English setter. His head too is much heavier in construction. The
-occiput is well developed, eyes lustrous, intelligent and full, ears set
-on low and close to the upper neck. Neck should be fairly long and not
-throaty, tail rather short and scimitar-like and nicely feathered. The
-coat is straight or slightly waved, not curly and not so fine as that of
-the English Setter.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             BEARDED COLLIE
-
-The points of the Highland or Bearded Collie are identical with the Old
-English Sheep dog except that he has a tail of moderate length and which
-is carried low.
-
-He is famous as a worker of sheep and cattle and is endowed with great
-intelligence and highly prized in both the highlands and lowlands of
-Scotland, equally for his companionship and faithful service as a guard
-to either homestead or flock.
-
-
-
-
-                              Welsh Breeds
-
-
-                            WELSH TERRIER
-                            SEALYHAM TERRIER
-                            WELSH SPRINGER
-                            WELSH HOUND
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             WELSH TERRIER
-
-Color: Black and tan or black-grizzle and tan, free from black penciling
-on toes.
-
-Height: 15 in.
-
-Weight: 20 lbs.
-
-This is a well-built, game, plucky terrier, with a smart and active
-appearance. The skull is flat, fairly wide between the ears, and with a
-fairly strong muzzle. The eyes are of a dark hazel color, are small and
-indicate abundant pluck. Ears are V-shaped, small, set on fairly high
-and carried forward close to the cheek. Back should be short and well
-ribbed, and the hindquarters strong and the thighs muscular. The tail is
-set on high and should not be carried too gaily. The coat is wiry, hard,
-very close and abundant. White patches should disqualify.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            SEALYHAM TERRIER
-
-Color: White with tan or brown patches, but such are not desirable.
-
-Height: 10 in.
-
-Weight: 16 lbs.
-
-This dog was formerly known as the Border or Cowley terrier, and has
-within recent years become very popular on account of his workmanlike
-terrier qualifications. He should possess a long head with punishing
-jaw, and be endowed with abundant whiskers. His ears are carried like
-the fox terrier’s, eye small and dark, well sprung ribs, body fairly
-long, immense bone for his size, short on the leg and hard weather
-resisting coat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             WELSH SPRINGER
-
-Color: Red or orange and white.
-
-Weight: Not more than 42 lbs.
-
-As a worker this dog has no superior. He owns a well balanced head,
-grand spring of rib, and powerful hind quarters. He may best be
-described as a large Cocker Spaniel. His eyes should be hazel or dark
-brown and should not show any haw. The ears are comparatively small and
-hang close to the cheeks. His coat is straight or flat and thick.
-
-The Welsh Springer has been bred and preserved in its purity for
-hundreds of years. As a worker he has no superior, no day being too long
-and no covert too difficult for the endurance and pluck of the gay
-Cambrian Springer.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              WELSH HOUND
-
-Color: Grizzle-red with white patches and with white markings like the
-English Foxhound, Harrier and Beagle.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 75 lbs.
-
-A symmetrically built dog on racy lines. His head is of good length,
-domed in skull and rather long muzzle. The eyes are small, brown and
-intelligent in expression. The ears are often rounded and lay close to
-the head. Neck long, clean and muscular without dewlap. Back strong and
-broad, deep in the chest and very muscular in thighs and hindquarters.
-Tail should be carried gaily, thick at the root and well furnished with
-hard hair. The coat is hard, wiry, crisp and water resisting.
-
-
-
-
-                        British Colonial Breeds
-
-
-             GAZELLE HOUND (India)
-             LHASSA TERRIER (India)
-             TIBETAN MASTIFF (India)
-             RAMPUR GREYHOUND (India)
-             BANJARA (India)
-             BARB (Australia)
-             AUSTRALIAN TERRIER (Australia)
-             KANGAROO GREYHOUND (Australia)
-             MALTESE TERRIER (Malta)
-             NEWFOUNDLAND, Black (Newfoundland)
-             NEWFOUNDLAND, other than Black (Newfoundland)
-             HUSKIE (Canada)
-             LABRADOR (Canada)
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                GAZELLE
-
-Color: Self-colored black and the different shades of fawn and dirty
-white.
-
-Height: 29 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-A big dog built on delicate and elegant lines. The head is fine, lean
-and bony. Skull long and slightly domed. Eyes mild, intelligent and dark
-brown, like the gazelle. Ears are long, hang close to the head and are
-abundantly coated. The neck is long, chest deep, back straight, long and
-strong, and tail is of fair length. The coat is smooth and very soft and
-the ears and tail are covered with long, wavy, silky hair.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             LHASSA TERRIER
-
-Color: Black, dark grizzle, slate, sandy, or mixture of these colors
-with white.
-
-Height: About 11 in.
-
-Weight: About 14 lbs.
-
-The head is distinctly terrier-like, with narrow skull, which falls away
-in a marked degree behind the eyes. The eyes are dark brown in color.
-Ears set on low and carried close to the cheeks. Body not too short, and
-well ribbed up. The legs are short, with a tendency to crookedness. The
-tail is carried over the back. A low carriage is considered a sign of
-impure blood. The coat is of good length, straight and very dense with a
-strong growth on the skull, and the legs should be well coated right
-down to the toes.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            TIBETAN MASTIFF
-
-Color: Black and tan, red with black saddle, mahogany red, or all black.
-White is sometimes seen on the chest and toes.
-
-Height: Not less than 30 in. Weight: Not less than 160 lbs.
-
-This is a large, powerful and noble-looking animal, in aspect
-courageous, grim and earnest. The skull is broad and arched, with
-prominent occiput. His small eyes are dark brown in color, and often
-show the haw. The deep wrinkles around the eyes give him a sullen,
-savage look. Ears set on high, hang straight down, and not too long. His
-neck is short and powerful, the hair on it standing up like a mane. The
-tail is short, bushy and usually carried over the back, and his coat is
-soft, thick, long and straight, with a woolly undercoat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            RAMPUR GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Mouse-gray.
-
-Height: 30 in.
-
-Weight: 75 lbs.
-
-This is a powerfully built greyhound, with a long, strong skull, flat
-between the ears, without any stop and has powerful jaws. His light
-yellow eyes give him a hard and cruel expression. His ears are fairly
-large and are filbert shaped. The body is somewhat coarse, of fair
-length. Chest very deep and back slightly arched. When in action the
-tail is carried horizontally and the end slightly curled upwards. His
-coat is like that of a freshly clipped horse, if longer is a sign of
-impure blood.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                BANJARA
-
-Color: Self-colored, sandy, light fawn, and the various shades of gray.
-Without white if possible, but a little white on chest and toes does not
-disqualify.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 45 lbs.
-
-This dog is indigenous to the North of India, is as hard as nails in
-constitution, somewhat rough and rugged in outlook, but a well-built,
-symmetrical dog, possessed of considerable speed. His expression should
-be very keen and wicked, especially when roused. Head is long and flat,
-well filled up before the eyes, with a strong punishing jaw. The ears
-lay flat on the cheeks and are filbert shaped. His small eye is close
-set, and the color varies to the shade of the dog’s coat. The body is
-moderately long and falls away a good deal to the set-on of the tail,
-which also is set on low and carried with an upward sweep. His coat is
-very thick and dense and close lying, soft to the touch but not silky.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                  BARB
-          (The Australian Sheep Dog, often called the Kelpie)
-
-Color: All black.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 54 lbs.
-
-A well-built, medium-sized dog with a head like the Pomeranian or
-Schipperke. His almond-shaped, dark eyes convey an intelligent
-expression. The ears are pricked, neck long and well arched, back
-straight, chest deep but not too wide, and well developed loins. The
-tail is of medium length and carried rather high, and his coat is of
-fair length, straight and harsh.
-
-This dog is extensively used by Australian and New Zealand shepherds in
-the work-a-day life on their sheep ranches. His intelligence and
-adaptability as a working sheep dog is said to be even more pronounced
-than the best English, Welsh or Scotch exponents. Furthermore, he has
-been bred in some quarters so that he cannot bark.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           AUSTRALIAN TERRIER
-
-Color: Blue or gray body, tan on legs or face, with a top-knot of blue
-or silver. Clear sandy or deep red.
-
-Height: 10 in.
-
-Weight: 15 lbs.
-
-This is a rather low-set dog, compact and active. The head is long, full
-between the eyes with a top-knot of soft hair. Eyes small, keen and of
-dark color. Ears small, set high on skull, free from long hairs, and may
-be either cropped or uncropped. The tail is docked. The coat should be
-straight and of wiry texture.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           KANGAROO GREYHOUND
-
-Color: All colors. Black not desirable.
-
-Height: 29 in.
-
-Weight: 66 lbs.
-
-In general appearance he resembles the English Greyhound, but is heavier
-built. The skull is broader between the ears and more domed and the ears
-are not set so high as those of the English dog. His eyes are brown and
-intelligent. Neck slender, muscular and slightly arched. Back long and
-strong, with short, arched and muscular loins, and his hindquarters are
-well developed and very muscular. The tail is long and fine and carried
-downwards and his coat is smooth and fine, though sometimes coarser on
-the body.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                MALTESE
-
-Color: Pure white, without shade or tint.
-
-Height: From 8 to 12 in.
-
-Weight: Under 12 lbs.; the smaller the better.
-
-This is a bright, spritely, active dog of very taking character. His
-head is much like that of a drop-eared Skye Terrier in miniature, but
-rather shorter and thicker in muzzle. The ears are moderately long and
-are covered with long, silky hair, and his eyes are very dark and
-piercing. He is short and cobby in back, and legginess should be
-avoided. The tail is short, well feathered, particularly towards the
-end, and carried gracefully over the back.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          NEWFOUNDLAND (Black)
-
-Color: A. Jet black with a slight tinge of brown or a splash of white on
-chest and toes is not objectionable. B. Black and white, or white and
-black. Beauty in markings is of great consideration. C. Self-colored
-bronze.
-
-Height: 27 in. or more.
-
-Weight: 100 lbs. or more.
-
-This dog should impress the eye with strength and great activity. He is
-a free mover for his size and should be sound on his legs. The head is
-broad, massive, flat, with the occiput well developed. There is no
-decided stop and the muzzle should be short and rather square in shape.
-The eyes are small, dark brown, showing no haw, and set widely apart.
-Small ears set well back and covered with short hair without fringe. He
-should be massive in bone, well ribbed up in body, with broad back and
-strong loins and hind quarters. Dew claws are objectionable. The tail is
-of moderate length and should be well covered with long hair, carried
-downwards when in repose. Tails with a kink in them or curled over the
-back are very objectionable.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                     NEWFOUNDLAND (Black and white)
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The Huskie Sledge Dogs of Northern Canada_
-]
-
-The Huskie is a strong, powerfully built dog, varying in size and color,
-but uniform as to his great bone, stamina and dense coat. He is
-extensively used for all manner of draught work in which service he has
-made himself indispensable to mankind in the northern latitudes. See
-special chapter on Alaskan dogs.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         THE LABRADOR RETRIEVER
-
-Color: Black.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 80 lbs.
-
-The Labrador is of medium size, strong and well built, head strong and
-rather long with wide, rather flat skull with a slight ridge running
-down it. The eyes should be oval in shape, dark brown in color and of
-gentle and intelligent expression. Being a hard working dog the body
-should be rather long and well ribbed up, and deep in the brisket. He
-should carry his thick and bushy tail rather high but not on the back.
-His coat should be very profuse, and of moderate length, lying close to
-the body and very oily.
-
-
-
-
-                             French Breeds
-
-
-                    PYRENEAN SHEEPDOG
-                    FRENCH SHEEPDOG
-                    BARBET
-                    SMOOTH-COATED BASSET
-                    ROUGH-COATED BASSET
-                    ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF BRITTANY
-                    BASSET OF ARDENNES
-                    ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF VENDÉE
-                    BLUE BASSET OF GASCOGNE
-                    FRENCH POINTER
-                    DUPUY POINTER
-                    POINTER OF ARIEGE
-                    POINTER OF SAINT-GERMAIN
-                    POINTER BOURBONNAIS
-                    BLUE POINTER OF AUVERGNE
-                    FRENCH SETTER
-                    SETTER OF PICARDIE
-                    SETTER OF PONT-AUDEMER
-                    GRIFFON BOULET
-                    GRIFFON GUERLAIN
-                    GRIFFON NIVERNAIS
-                    GRIFFON FAUVE DE BRETAGNE
-                    GRIFFON VENDEEN
-                    FRENCH BULLDOG
-                    NON-CORDED POODLE
-                    CORDED POODLE
-                    TOY POODLE
-                    BORDEAUX
-                    HOUND OF VENDÉE
-                    POITEVIN HOUND
-                    POITOU HOUND
-                    NORMAND DOG
-                    SAINTONGE
-                    GASCOGNE
-                    FRANCHE-COMTÉ
-                    ARTOIS
-                    VIRELADE
-                    GRIS DE SAINT-LOUIS
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           PYRENEAN SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: All white, sometimes with small orange patches on the ears.
-
-Height: 30 in.
-
-Weight: 155 lbs.
-
-This is a large, well-built dog, with a rather weak head in comparison
-to his body. The skull is slightly rounded, and the muzzle should not be
-too square. The small eyes should be brown and set obliquely in the
-head. Ears of medium size, hanging close to the head. The tail is long,
-well feathered and carried low, and his coat is long, straight, dense,
-and fitting close to the body.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            FRENCH SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: Dirty black, slate, grizzle and reddish.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-This is a well-built dog of medium size, with a busy and intelligent
-appearance, and is well covered with a shaggy coat. The head is strong
-and covered with long hair, forming eyebrows, beard and whiskers, yet
-the eye is not hidden by the hair. The eyes are brown and very
-expressive, ears short, erect and never pendulous and often cut. Body is
-well-built for endurance. The tail is never docked, of medium length and
-carried low, and his coat is long and woolly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 BARBET
-
-Color: Grizzle black, creamy brown, dirty white, white and chestnut, and
-white and black.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-The Barbet is a strongly made dog, very compactly built. Is round and
-broad in skull with forehead well developed. Muzzle broad and short,
-well furnished with long moustaches. The eyes are round, lively and
-intelligent and dark brown in color, and are entirely hidden by the long
-and thick hair on the eyebrows. The ears are set on low, are long and
-flat and well covered with long, curly hair, which often forms cords or
-ringlets. The body is strongly built, ribs and loins well rounded and
-muscular. The forelegs are straight with plenty of bone and covered with
-long hair. The tail is set on low, carried slightly upwards. The
-Barbet’s coat is long, woolly and curly, forming cords or ringlets.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                   SMOOTH-COATED FRENCH BASSET HOUND
-
-Color: Black with white and tan, the head, shoulders and quarters a rich
-tan, and black patches on the back. They are sometimes hare-pied.
-
-Height: 13 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-The head is most perfect when it closely resembles that of a bloodhound.
-It is long and narrow with heavy flues, prominent occiput, and forehead
-wrinkled to the eyes. The general appearance of the head should indicate
-high breeding and a reproachful dignity. The eyes show a kind expression
-and no haw is visible. Ears very long, so long that in hunting they will
-often actually tread on them, set on low, and hang loose in folds like
-drapery. Their texture is thin and velvety. Forelegs only about four
-inches long. Stern is carried hound fashion, coat short, fine, smooth
-and glossy. Skin is loose and elastic.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                    ROUGH-COATED FRENCH BASSET HOUND
-
-Color: Any recognized hound color.
-
-Height: 13 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-A very powerful hound for its size, on short and strong legs. The head
-is large, skull long and narrow and peak well developed. A snipy or weak
-jaw is objectionable. The eyes are dark with a kindly and intelligent
-expression. Ears set on low, of good length and fine in texture. Chest
-large and very deep. Body massive, of good length, any weakness or
-lightness of loin being a bad fault. Forelegs are short and very
-powerful. Stern of moderate length and carried gaily. The coat is
-profuse, thick and harsh to the touch, with a dense undercoat, and may
-be wavy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                    ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF BRITTANY
-
-Color: Tawny red with white markings.
-
-Height: 12 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This is a coarse-looking dog with long body and short, heavy neck. The
-head is long with high domed skull. Stop slightly developed and long
-muzzle. The eyes are dark in color, ears long, rounded at the tips and
-slightly folded. Stern of medium length and carried upwards. The coat is
-wiry and broken, of fair length, softer on the skull and ears.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         BASSET OF THE ARDENNES
-
-Color: Black and tan, hare color or tawny red.
-
-Height: 15 in.
-
-Weight: 55 lbs.
-
-This is a typical hound, a bloodhound in miniature. The head is large
-but not broad, skull high and narrow, occipital bone well developed,
-with pendulous lips. Eyes brown, with eye lids loose and pendulous. The
-ears are long, fine and hanging forward close to the jaws. Body is heavy
-and massive and the back long, broad and deep. The stern is carried
-hound-like. The coat is short, hard on the body, but softer on the ears
-and skull.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                     ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF VENDÉE
-
-Color: White with red patches or tri-color.
-
-Height: 15 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This is a dog of strong and muscular shape, with a long, lean, slightly
-rounded head. The eyes are dark brown with an intelligent outlook and
-somewhat hidden by the strong eyebrows. The ears are soft, flat and
-covered with white hair. Body long and low, and deep in chest. The stern
-is short, set on high and carried very gaily. The coat is hard but of
-rather fine texture.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                        BLUE BASSET OF GASCOGNE
-
-Color: Tri-color, so-called trout color, blue mottled, white with black
-and light tan spots above the eyes.
-
-Height: 14 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This is a strong and massive dog, with a long, well developed head,
-skull high and narrow, prominent occiput and lips not too pendulous. The
-eyes are dark brown, ears very long and folded. He is long in body, with
-broad and deep chest. The stern is fine, set on low, and carried
-upwards, and his coat is short and dense.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             FRENCH POINTER
-
-The stern is generally docked; in all other respects similar to the
-English Pointer.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             DUPUY POINTER
-
-Color: Pure white with small or large dull brown markings.
-
-Height: 27 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-The Dupuy Pointer is a big upstanding dog with considerable elegance in
-his movements. The head is narrow and long. Occipital bone prominent,
-muzzle long, lean and slightly arched. Eyes golden brown in color with a
-rather melancholy expression. Nose well developed and broad and brown in
-color. Lips fine, thin and very tight. Ears set on rather high, very
-fine in texture, not too long, and folded backwards. The neck is long
-and gracefully arched. Chest deep and narrow. Hindquarters strong and
-muscular. Stern long, set low and carried like a greyhound’s tail.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           POINTER OF ARIEGE
-
-Color: White with light brown or lemon spots.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-This dog is elegant in build and well developed. The skull should be
-rather narrow with the occipital bone well defined. Muzzle long with a
-slight stop. Lips thin and pendulous. Ears very thin, long and set on
-low. Neck long, graceful, strong and free from dewlaps. Chest broad and
-deep, long in the back and loins. Hindquarters muscular and well
-developed. The tail is long, set on rather low, and generally docked.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                        POINTER OF SAINT-GERMAIN
-
-Color: White with large lemon markings, not spots.
-
-Height: 27 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-In general appearance he is a clever looking, graceful dog, symmetrical
-in shape and standing rather high on the leg. The occipital bone should
-be well developed. Skull rather broad. Stop well defined, and the muzzle
-long and straight. Eyes golden or yellow in color. Ears set on high,
-shorter than the ears of the French Pointer, but longer than the ears of
-the English Pointer. The neck is strong and well arched; chest deep and
-broad. Hindquarters muscular and fully developed. Tail thick at the
-root, carried straight or with a little curve but no curl at the tip.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          POINTER BOURBONNAIS
-
-Color: White with light chestnut spots, and no large markings.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-This dog is rather lighter in bone than the English and French
-varieties, is shorter and more compact in build, and more of the
-appearance of a cob. The head should be long, straight and rather broad;
-eyes large, dark amber in color, and with an intelligent expression.
-Ears fine and not too long, set on rather low and hanging in folds. Neck
-strong, short and muscular. Chest deep and broad. Hindquarters short,
-round and muscular. Stern set on rather low, and not more than 3 inches
-in length.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                        BLUE POINTER OF AUVERGNE
-
-Color: White with black markings and tickings, giving a blue effect.
-Head always black with a white blaze up the face.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 53 lbs.
-
-In general appearance this dog is of perfect proportions suitable for
-hard work. The occipital bone should be well defined. Skull broad with a
-pronounced dip below the eyes. Muzzle straight and cheek bones well
-developed. The eyes should be dark brown in color. Lips very pendulous.
-Ears long and fine in texture, hanging in folds and should be set on
-level with the eyes and not carried too closely to the head. Neck
-strong, slightly arched and throaty. Hindquarters and legs similar to
-other varieties of the Pointer. Stern strong at the root and generally
-docked and set on low.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             FRENCH SETTER
-
-Color: White with chestnut patches.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-The French Setter is a strong, shapely dog of an imposing appearance.
-The head is strong and well developed. Skull round, broad and long with
-the occipital bone well defined and the stop nicely chiselled. The eyes
-should be rather small, dark amber in color, and of open expression. His
-chest should be very deep and broad with long and rather flat ribs. The
-stern set on high, rather long and be carried in two curves; the first
-convex and the second concave, with a nice fringe of long, wavy, silky
-hair. His coat should be thick and not bright, smooth on the head and
-flat on the body with a fair amount on the belly, chest and throat and
-the ears and legs well feathered.
-
-SETTER OF PICARDIE
-
-This is a variety of the French Setter and is sometimes called the black
-Setter of the North. The points are the same, except that in color he
-should be brown and grizzle, black or black and tan.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         SETTER OF PONT-AUDEMER
-
-Color: Brown and grizzle, brown and white, or self-colored brown. A
-black or black and white coat is objectionable.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This dog should be of a short, thick-set build with a cobby appearance.
-The skull should be round with prominent occipital bone, forehead rising
-well toward the top-knot or crest. Eyes dark amber with a good and frank
-expression. Nose brown and nostrils well open. The ears should be set on
-rather low, hanging close to the neck and should be very long and well
-furnished with long, crisp hair. The chest is deep and broad, back and
-loins strong and muscular; back slightly convex, strong and short. The
-stern should be strong in bone at the root, carried rather straight and
-is generally docked. The coat should be crisp on the ears and top-knot,
-which should stand upright, and rather thick and curly on the body. The
-hair on mask should be smooth.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             GRIFFON BOULET
-
-Color: Chestnut, dead leaf color with or without white, never with black
-or yellow.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-A rather coarse-looking dog, but with a sharp appearance and his
-expression is mild and intelligent. Has broad and round skull, long,
-broad and square muzzle, with heavy moustaches. The “stop” well defined
-but accentuated by strong eyebrows, give him a rather savage aspect. The
-eyes, however, are intelligent and affable, of yellow color. The nose is
-light color or brown with nostrils well open. The chest is broad and
-deep and the ribs well arched. The forelegs are strong and muscular,
-covered with abundance of long hair. The straight tail is of medium
-length, well covered with hair but no feathering. His coat is of a
-nondescript character, fairly long, and silky without brilliancy and
-smooth or wavy, but is never curly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            GRIFFON GUERLAIN
-
-Color: White with orange or yellow patches.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This is a medium-sized dog, short in the body and compactly built. He
-has a big head for his size and the eyes are rather large and light
-brown in color. The nose is always brown with nostrils well open. Chest
-broad and back strong and well developed. The legs are straight and
-muscular, rather on the long side and well covered with short, wiry
-hair. Stern is carried straight, covered with wiry hair but without
-feathering, and a third of its length is generally docked. The coat is
-hard and wiry, rather short and not curly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           GRIFFON NIVERNAIS
-
-Color: Tri-color, black and tan and brown, with or without dirty white
-patches.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-A strongly built dog, rather long in body and not particularly
-attractive in appearance. The head is fairly long and rather square with
-slightly domed skull. Muzzle also of medium length and of square
-formation. The eyes are bright, intelligent and brown in color. Ears set
-high and well back on the head, of good size and hanging without folds
-close to the head. Back long, straight and muscular, as also are the
-loins. The legs are straight with plenty of bone and covered with hard
-hair. Stern of medium length, also well covered with hair. The coat is
-semi-long, close and of a hard texture.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                       GRIFFON FAUVE DE BRETAGNE
-
-Color: Fallow, inclined to red, sometimes discolored red.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-A heavily-built dog, very robust. The head is large and strong with flat
-skull, prominent occiput and muzzle of good length, square and strong.
-The ears should not be too long and are covered with soft hair. The neck
-is short and muscular and the chest deep. He is endowed with plenty of
-bone in the leg and has splendid feet. The stern is of medium length,
-well covered with hair but not any feathering. The coat is semi-long,
-hard and wiry.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            GRIFFON VENDEEN
-
-Color: White and orange, white and wheaten, white and mouse-gray, and
-with red or brown patches.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-An upstanding dog of firm structure, covered with a hard and close coat.
-The head is rather big and typical, pronounced in occiput and muzzle of
-good length. The eyes are rather small, brown in color and full of life.
-Ears long, nicely folded and hang gracefully. He is muscular in body,
-deep and broad in chest with a rather long muscular back. The stern is
-of medium length, carried gaily and well covered with hard hair. The
-coat is thick, hard and wiry.
-
-A similar dog to the Vendeen but more nervous in temperament and not so
-heavily coated as the Griffon de Cosse, and those marked with the red or
-brown patches are called Griffons du Grip or Griffons d’Anjou.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             FRENCH BULLDOG
-
-Color: Almost any color, but black and black and tan will disqualify.
-
-Weight: Three classes are provided, under 20 lbs., 20 to 24 lbs., and 24
-to 28 lbs.
-
-The French Bulldog ought to have the appearance of an active,
-intelligent and very muscular dog of cobby build and heavy in the bone
-for his size. The head should be large and square with the forehead
-nearly flat, the muscles of the cheek well developed but not prominent.
-“Stop” as deep as possible. The forehead should be wrinkled, and the
-skin of the head not tight. Eyes moderate in size and dark in color.
-“Bat” ears of medium size, large at the base and rounded at the tips and
-placed high on the head. The body should be short and rotund with a
-distinct roach and light but sound quarters. His shoulders should be
-strong and he should stand on short but fairly stout limbs for his size.
-The fundamental difference between the French Bulldog and the English
-miniature is seen in the foreface which in the French should show some
-slight protrusion of the under-jaw, and some turnup, but no layback.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             CORDED POODLE
-
-Color: All black, all white, all red, or all blue.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-The most popular varieties of the Poodle are the corded and non-corded.
-In general appearance he presents an active and elegant outline. He is a
-well-built dog and carries himself proudly. The head is long, straight
-and fine. The muzzle should be strong and the lips black and fit
-tightly. Eyes almond shape, very dark brown, and full of fire and
-intelligence. The ears are long and wide, set on high and hang close to
-the head. The back is strong and muscular. The tail is set on high and
-should never be curled or carried over the back. In the corded variety
-the white Poodle should have dark eyes, black or dark liver nose, lips
-and toe nails. The red Poodle should have dark amber eyes, with dark
-liver nose, lips and toe nails. The blue Poodle should be of even color,
-without patches of black or white, and have dark eyes, lips and toe
-nails. All the other points of the white, red and blue Poodle should be
-the same as the perfect black Poodle. The coat should be very profuse,
-of good, hard texture, hanging in tight, even cords. In the non-corded
-variety the coat should be very profuse, of hard texture of even length,
-and may be either curly or fluffy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           NON-CORDED POODLE
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               TOY POODLE
-
-Similar in all respects to the non-corded variety, but the coat is
-softer and silkier, and he should not stand more than 12 inches high or
-weigh more than 10 pounds.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                BORDEAUX
-
-Color: Reddish fawn, with red mask, red with red mask, fawn and no mask,
-fawn or red with black mask. Brindles, blacks and pied disqualify.
-
-Height: 29 in.
-
-Weight: 120 lbs.
-
-This is a smooth-coated dog, very powerful in build, somewhat low in
-stature, massive, broad and muscular. He possesses an enormous head,
-greater in proportion to his body than that of any other breed, and
-should be very long and broad, high and square, and the whole of the
-face and muzzle should be covered with ropes of loose skin, lying in
-wrinkles. The eyes are small, wide apart, deep set, light in color, and
-very penetrating in expression. The “rose” ears when uncropped should be
-small and fine in texture. The neck is very thick and powerful, with
-skin very loose, forming a dewlap on each side of the throat. Back is
-short and straight, of great breadth at the shoulder, and the
-hindquarters should be pear-shaped, as in the bulldog, and it should not
-be forgotten that this dog is the gladiator of his race.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            HOUND OF VENDÉE
-
-Color: White or with dark red and yellow patches.
-
-Height: 28 in.
-
-Weight: 58 lbs.
-
-A strong dog, well built and elegant. His head is clean and slightly
-arched and skull rounded. The eyes are dark yellow or dark brown in
-color. Nose brown with well open nostrils. The ears are flexible, thin,
-long, pendulous, set on low and nicely folded. The neck is long, clean,
-well muscled and splendidly arched. The loins are well arched, powerful
-and deep. Legs clean, straight and well boned and stern of medium
-length, tapering and carried rather high. The coat is short and fine.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             POITEVIN HOUND
-
-Color: White, blue and orange, with pale tan markings on body and legs.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 58 lbs.
-
-This is a muscular sort of dog with rather square fine head, slightly
-domed in skull, occipital bone not particularly well developed. Eyes are
-brown and intelligent. Nose black with open nostrils. Ears well set on,
-rather short and well folded. Neck of good length. Back slightly arched
-and chest not too deep. The legs are straight, strong and well boned.
-Stern of medium length, carried gaily and with a short, rather thick
-coat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              POITOU HOUND
-
-Color: White, black and tan, and tri-color.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 58 lbs.
-
-A muscular dog with limbs rather flat but large. The head is lean, fine
-and carried proudly on a well arched neck. The skull is slightly domed
-and the occipital bone just visible, and the muzzle should be long. The
-brown eyes give him a bright and intelligent expression. The ears are
-moderately short, very thin, velvety and hang gracefully in folds. His
-deep chest, slightly arched back, well muscled loins and straight,
-well-boned limbs, fit him for arduous work. The stern is of medium
-length and tapers towards the point. The coat is coarse and should not
-be too short, especially on hindquarters and stern.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              NORMAND DOG
-
-Color: White with large brown, black or grizzled patches, tri-color with
-grizzle saddle.
-
-Height: 29 in.
-
-Weight: 78 lbs.
-
-A heavy, strong, rather coarse-looking dog and is the heaviest of all
-the French Hounds. He has a long, broad skull with coarse muzzle and the
-skin on the head is very loose and wrinkled. The eyes are full and gay
-and the haw is visible. Ears set on low, long, thin, velvety and folding
-inwards. The body is rather long and heavy. Neck short, strong and thick
-with heavy dewlap. Back broad, strong and well muscled. Legs strong,
-muscular and with rather coarse bone. The feet are clean and pointed.
-The stern is thick at the root, tapering towards the point and carried
-gaily, curved upwards. The coat is short and coarse in appearance.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               SAINTONGE
-
-Color: White with black patches and blue belton. The ears and palate
-always black and he has light tan spots above the eyes.
-
-Height: 28 in.
-
-Weight: 62 lbs.
-
-In general appearance this dog is elegant and not too heavily built. The
-head is lean, light and of a fair length, with skull slightly arched and
-with occipital bone well developed. The eyes are bright and intelligent,
-showing the haw and brown in color. Ears long, fine, set on low, black
-in color, edged with a light tan. Chest deep and rather narrow; legs
-straight, lean and rather long. Stern is of medium length and tapering.
-Coat short and fine.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                GASCOGNE
-
-Color: Blue or white with many black spots, blue mottled, and pale tan
-markings, rather black and the legs tinted with red.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 55 lbs.
-
-This is a strong and massive dog, with a large and sometimes a rather
-long head, with the occipital bone well developed, resembling in this
-respect a bloodhound. The eyes are brown, bright and clear, and somewhat
-hidden, showing the haw. The lips are pendulous. Ears very long, rather
-fine and well folded. Chest very deep, back broad and strong. The stern
-is fine but not too long and carried well up. Coat short and hard on the
-body, soft and silky on the skull and ears.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             FRANCHE-COMTÉ
-
-Color: White with yellow, orange or red patches.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 54 lbs.
-
-A dog of medium size and symmetrically built. The head is fine and of
-fair length with domed skull and the occipital bone slightly developed.
-Eyes of medium size, bright and brown in color. Ears are set on low, of
-medium length, thin and soft. He is rather short in the neck, chest
-deep, ribs not too rounded, legs well boned and muscular. His stern is
-set on high, rather short, and tapers to a fine point. The coat is
-smooth, fine and glossy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 ARTOIS
-
-Color: White with yellow or red patches, tri-color with black saddle.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-A strong and well-built dog of medium size. Rather long skull, with the
-stop not too deep. The eyes are full, dark yellow or light brown in
-color. The ears are broad, very long and set on low. Body not too long,
-neck rather short, back strong and straight. His legs are not too long
-and are straight and strong. The stern is strong and carried upwards.
-The coat is short and not too silky.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                VIRELADE
-
-Color: White with large black patches and light tan spots.
-
-Height: About 29 in.
-
-Weight: About 62 lbs.
-
-A dog of great size, yet strong and light and rather long in the body.
-The head is fine rather than heavy; occipital bone well developed, and
-has pendulous lips. The eyes are brown in color and the ears long and
-fine. He is strong, straight and well boned in the legs. The stern is
-long and carried hound-like, and he is short in coat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          GRIS DE SAINT-LOUIS
-
-Color: Grizzle on the back, red brindled with the legs of a hare color,
-or the back rather black and the legs tinted with red.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 55 lbs.
-
-This is a dog of good size, rather high on the legs, strong and
-symmetrically built. The long, well developed head has a broad skull,
-slightly rounded and stop well defined. The muzzle is of medium length,
-square and strong. His bright and intelligent eyes are dark brown in
-color. The ears are set well back on the head, are long, thin, and
-nicely folded. Neck not too long and very muscular. He is strong and
-broad in back with a deep and capacious chest. Legs straight, long and
-well boned. The stern is thick and well covered with hair and carried
-very curved. The coat is hard and wiry.
-
-
-
-
-                             German Breeds
-
-
-                      GREAT DANE
-                      DACHSHUND
-                      POMERANIAN
-                      POMERANIAN (Miniature)
-                      DOBERMANN PINSCHER
-                      AFFENPINSCHER
-                      GERMAN SHEEP DOG
-                      GERMAN HOUND
-                      WIRE-COATED GERMAN TERRIER
-                      SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN TERRIER
-                      SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN POINTER
-                      ROUGH-COATED GERMAN POINTER
-                      POINTER OF WURTEMBERG
-                      POINTER OF WEIMAR
-                      GERMAN SETTER
-                      WACHTELHUND
-                      GRIFFON-KORTHALS
-                      BOXER
-                      HANOVRIAN LIMER
-                      BAVARIAN LIMER
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               GREAT DANE
-
-Color: Brindle, fawn, blue, black and harlequin. The harlequin should
-have jet-black patches and spots on a pure white ground.
-
-Height: 30 in. or more. Weight: 120 lbs. and over.
-
-This dog is remarkable in size and very muscular. Strongly yet elegantly
-built, which latter feature is an absolute essential, as also is
-alertness of expression and briskness of movement, and generally he
-should carry a look of dash and daring. The head is of great length,
-muzzle broad, and jaw powerful. The skull should be flat rather than
-domed, and have a slight indentation running up the center. The ears in
-Germany are cropped, set high, and carried erect, with the tips falling
-forward. The neck should be long and well arched, and quite free from
-loose skin. The body is very deep, back strong and hind quarters
-extremely muscular. His coat is short, dense and sleek.
-
-The abolition of cropping by the English Kennel Club resulted in English
-breeders concentrating their attention to the production of a small ear,
-which would hang neatly in lieu of his original large ear, which was
-desirable when cropping was permitted. In doing this, character was at
-first lost, to some extent, in head, color and soundness of limb, but
-these temporary disabilities have now been largely overcome.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               DACHSHUND
-
-Color: Black, gray, red or yellow in good harmony, much white is
-objectionable.
-
-Height: English standard, 7 to 9 in.; German standard, 7 to 8½ in.
-
-Weight: English standard, 18 to 21 lbs.; German standard, three classes:
-A. 15½ to 16½ lbs.; B. 15 to 22 lbs.; C. Over 22 lbs.
-
-It will be observed from the above that there is a difference of opinion
-between the German and English ideas as to the most desirable size of
-the Dachshund. This dog is of a long, low and graceful conformation. His
-figure though elongated should present a stiff and muscular appearance,
-notwithstanding his short and crooked front. He should not appear lean
-or weasel-like. His pert, saucy pose of the head is a desirable
-characteristic. The skull is long and narrow, eyes small and in shade
-should follow the color of the dog, ears long, broad and soft, chest
-narrow and deep with breast bone prominent, stern long and strong, flat
-at the root and carried low. His skin should be thick, subtle, loose and
-in great quantity. There are three varieties as regards coat. A—The
-smooth, short and strong coat. B—The rough, dense, not silky or long
-coat. C—The long-coated variety, which should be straight, though it is
-sometimes wavy, fine and glossy. It should be abundant on the neck,
-chest, ears, forelegs and tail.
-
-It is worthy of notice that though the Dachshund is of German origin,
-the English Dachshund Club, founded in 1881, preceded the German Teckel
-Klub by ten years, and Dachshunds were exhibited in England five or six
-years before they made their appearance on the show bench in Germany.
-The “points” of the two clubs also differed considerably, more
-particularly in regard to the head and size. The English breeders seemed
-rather to regard him as a hound, but nowadays there is little or no
-difference between the best specimens of the two countries.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               POMERANIAN
-                                (Spitz)
-
-Color: White, black, blue, brown, chocolate, sable in all shades, red,
-orange and fawn in all shades, and parti-colors. The whites must be free
-from lemon or any color, and the other colors free from white. In the
-parti-colors the colors should be evenly distributed in body patches.
-Self-colored dogs with white feet or legs are objectionable.
-
-Weight: About 24 lbs.
-
-This is a compact, short-bodied dog, with head and face fox-like. Small
-erect ears, and exhibits great intelligence in expression, docility in
-disposition and activity in buoyancy and deportment. The skull should be
-somewhat flat, eyes oblique, not set too wide apart, bright and dark in
-color. The neck is short and lion-like, is covered with a profuse mane
-and frill of long straight hair. The tail is a characteristic of this
-breed and should be turned over the back, profusely covered with long
-spreading hair. He should have a long, perfectly straight and glistening
-coat, sound and even in color, and soft fluffy undercoat, the whole
-effect being of a stand-off, weather resisting variety.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               POMERANIAN
-                              (Miniature)
-
-This breed has now been perfected as a toy variety to the almost entire
-exclusion from the show ring of the original spitz. Formerly he was
-produced in Pomeria, in all sizes from 20 to 40 lbs. weight. Then the
-fashionable weight became 18 to 24 lbs., but latterly breeders have
-perfected the variety and he is classified at shows as above 8 lbs. and
-less than 8 lbs., until nowadays the smaller they are the more they are
-appreciated. There are many poms around three or four pounds weight, and
-some full grown specimens have been exhibited as small as 1½ lbs.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           DOBERMANN PINSCHER
-
-Color: Black and tan, small white patches on chest is permissible.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 45 lbs.
-
-This is a well built muscular dog, with an appearance denoting
-quickness, strength and endurance, and he has a lively and game
-temperament. The skull is broad, flat and slightly rounded, muzzle long
-and moderately tapered. Ears well cropped and not too pointed. Eyes dark
-brown, of medium size, with a friendly and intelligent outlook. The back
-is straight and of fair length, with well developed and muscular hind
-quarters. The tail is docked to the length of about 6 inches, and
-bob-tails are much appreciated. He has a short, hard, and close-lying
-coat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             AFFENPINSCHER
-                            (Monkey Terrier)
-
-Color: Gray-black, blue-gray, dirty yellow, red and their different
-shades. The light-colored dogs have often a black muzzle.
-
-Height: Not more than 20 in.
-
-Weight: Under 8½ lbs.
-
-This is a small ladies’ dog, well built, of compact form and very
-intelligent. The head is thick and round, covered with long, hard and
-unequal hair, muzzle short and strong and he should be under-shot, yet
-without showing any teeth, and well furnished with mustache and beard.
-The eyes are large, round, prominent and very intelligent and dark in
-color. The eyebrows should be straight coated but not hanging, with a
-general outlook that of the monkey. The ears are always cut, carried
-erect and pointed, set on wide apart and well covered with short hair.
-He has a very compact body, is short in neck and broad in chest. The
-tail is docked to about two-thirds of its length, and is carried
-upwards. His coat is profuse, long, hard and unequal, and should be of a
-dry nature, with a woolly undercoat somewhat curled.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG
-
-Color: Black, grizzle, reddish brown, either self-colored or with tan,
-white and white with large dark patches or brindle, with or without tan
-markings. White on the chest and legs is permissible, but not desirable.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 55 lbs.
-
-This is a medium-sized dog, rather long in the body but well built, and
-is very game and intelligent. The head is lean, skull broad between the
-ears and long lean muzzle. The ears are of medium size, carried erect,
-and pointed forward. The eyes are almond-shaped, dark in color, full of
-“fire” and intelligence, but often sour. The body is rather narrow, with
-deep chest, straight back and strong loins. The tail is well coated,
-carried low when the dog is quiet and gaily but not over the back when
-excited. There are three varieties as to coat: A. Smooth-coated. Short
-dense and hard, round the neck the coat is longer and harder. B. Long
-haired, wavy and hard, the hair on the head partially covering the eyes,
-and with well marked beard and moustaches and tail well feathered. C.
-Wire-haired. Straight, hard and wiry, that on the head and legs being
-especially short and hard with beard and eyebrows well developed.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              GERMAN HOUND
-
-Color: White muzzle, collar, neck, chest and tip of tail; the head, body
-and tail are orange, tawny, yellow, black, grizzle or brindle, but never
-brown.
-
-Height: 21 in.
-
-Weight: 40 lbs.
-
-This is a lightly made, elegant dog, with head lean, long and narrow,
-occipital bone not prominent, and “stop” slightly developed. The eyes
-are bright with a friendly expression. Ears long, broad, flat and round
-at the tips. Fairly light in body, which is well developed in comparison
-to the head. Stern long, rather thick, tapering point and well covered
-with long hair, and carried downwards with a slight upwards. The coat is
-long for a smooth-coated dog and is very dense and hard.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                       WIRE-COATED GERMAN TERRIER
-                         (Schnanzer or Rattler)
-
-Color: Pepper and salt, iron-gray, silver-gray, dull black with yellow
-or tan markings on head and legs, rust-yellow and gray-yellow. A bright
-red is objectionable.
-
-Height: 18 in.
-
-Weight: 28 lbs.
-
-This is a strongly built cobby dog, of a rather nervous temperament, yet
-he is gay, watchful, very intelligent and courageous, without being
-quarrelsome. He is a first rate rat dog. The head is strong, fairly
-long, with a flat skull rather narrow between the ears, and the occiput
-is well developed. The ears are set on high and are cropped with rounded
-tips. The oval eyes convey an intelligent and vivacious expression, with
-eyebrows well developed and covered with rough upstanding hair. His back
-is strong and straight and rather flat sided in rib. The tail is set on
-high, is docked very short and if a bob-tail is much appreciated. The
-coat is as hard, rough and wiry as possible, of the stand-off variety
-and though it is shorter on the head, it is not softer. On the muzzle we
-find a characteristic short beard and whiskers.
-
-This breed has worked himself into popular favor in Germany by his
-indefatigable industry as a worker and as a good friend of the horse,
-hence he is much appreciated in the stable. Certainly he is very
-intelligent, a very apt pupil, as quick as lightning in his movements
-and unfailing in his fidelity, courage, endurance and muscular strength.
-He is a rare good dog for bad weather purposes.
-
-
-                      SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN TERRIER
-
-This dog is the same in every particular to the wire-coated German
-terrier, excepting that his color is black and tan, black with yellow
-shade and wolf gray, and the coat is smooth, of fine texture and lays
-close to the body.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                      SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN POINTER
-
-Color: Pure brown, brown and white, or white with brown patches.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-This dog is of medium size and is built on good uniform lines. It should
-not be too heavy in the head. The lips should be pendulous. Eyes oval in
-shape and brown in color, varying somewhat according to the shade of his
-coat, and have a rather grave expression. Ears moderately long but not
-too broad, and should lay without folds close to the head. Back
-straight, broad, short and muscular. The stern is of medium length, and
-should be carried a little above the line of the back, strong in bone at
-the root, but not coming to a fine point. The tail is always docked.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                      ROUGH-COATED GERMAN POINTER
-
-Color: Brown and white, apparently grizzled-brown mixed with large brown
-markings.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-In general appearance this dog follows the characteristics of the
-smooth-coated German Pointer except in the matter of coat, which should
-be about 2 inches long all over the body of a rough, hard and dull
-texture. In the winter time a considerable undercoat is developed. The
-cheeks are well covered with whiskers, and the eyebrows are bushy. On
-the skull the hair is flat, short, hard and dull.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         POINTER OF WURTEMBERG
-
-Color: Tri-color, so-called trout color, with brown-brindle and patches
-of tan markings. Head and ears darker in color than the rest of the
-body. Height 27 in. Weight 75 lbs.
-
-A strong, shapely dog, not coarse-looking and standing rather high on
-the leg. The skull is long and narrow, occipital and cheek bones well
-developed. The eyes are light brown in color, of intelligent and grave
-expression and showing a prominent haw. Ears set on not too high, and
-hang gracefully close to the cheeks. The neck should be strong, very
-muscular and throaty. The chest is deep, back straight, broad and
-powerful, and loins broad and deep. The tail is strong and set on not
-too high.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           POINTER OF WEIMAR
-
-Color: Varies from silver grizzle to mouse grizzle, often clearer on the
-head and on the ears. White patches on the chest and on the feet are
-objectionable, and tan markings are decided faults.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-In general appearance the dog of Weimar is of medium size but with
-muscles not so well developed as the German Pointer. The head is rather
-light, and narrow in skull, and the occipital bone well developed. The
-jaws are long, lips pendulous without exaggeration, and the muzzle
-broad. Eyes of medium size, yellow brown in color. Nose flesh-colored,
-joining on to the muzzle in a clear violet tint. The ears are light and
-somewhat pointed. Tail rather thin and short.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             GERMAN SETTER
-
-Color: Self colored dark brown, often with a little white on chest;
-white with large or small brown patches or mixed; never black or red.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-In general appearance the German Setter is a strong, shapely dog, not
-too heavy in build. The head is rather long, skull slightly rounded,
-lips pendulous. Eyes are of medium size, oval in shape, dark brown in
-color, varying in shade with that of the coat. The body should be
-straight, broad and muscular, with neck slightly arched but not throaty;
-chest deep but not too broad. The stern should be of medium length,
-strong at the root and tapering near the point, carried straight to the
-middle with the end curled upward and well feathered.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              WACHTELHUND
-
-Color: Self-colored brown, often with a white patch on stern and chest;
-white with large or small brown patches, or mixed.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-The Wachtelhund is somewhat like the German Setter in miniature and is
-strongly built, notwithstanding his small size. The head is large and
-long, skull slightly rounded and fairly broad. Muzzle of fair length and
-narrow with the occipital bone and stop both well defined. The eyes are
-dark in color, varying in shade with that of the coat and of medium
-size. The ears are long compared with those of the German Setter, are
-set on high and hang close to the head. The neck should be strong and
-not throaty; chest deep, back straight, broad and muscular, and the
-loins short and broad. He is strong and straight on the leg and the tail
-is usually docked and well feathered. The coat is slightly wavy, fairly
-long and very dense.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            GRIFFON-KORTHALS
-
-Color: Steel gray with brown patches or self-colored brown often mixed
-with grey hairs. Also white, grey with brown, or grey with yellow
-patches.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This dog is of medium size, symmetrical and well built. The head is
-heavy and long, covered with wiry hair not too long, but there should be
-a good moustache and eyebrows. The muzzle is long and square, nasal bone
-convex and the stop not too abrupt. The eyes are large, very intelligent
-in expression and brown or dark yellow in color. The nose is always
-brown. Ears of medium size, set on not too low, carried close to the
-head. The back strong and well developed and the forelegs straight,
-muscular and covered with wiry hair. The stern is carried straight out
-and is covered with wiry hair but without feather. About a third of the
-stern is generally docked. The coat is wiry, crisp and harsh like fine
-iron wire, never curly or woolly. Undercoat is dense and soft.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 BOXER
-
-Color: Yellow or brindle, with or without black muzzle. White patches
-allowed, but liver color is a disqualification.
-
-Height: 21 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-A strong, lively, smooth-coated dog of great activity. The ears are set
-on high, are always cropped and when at attention the skull is freely
-wrinkled. The eyes are dark and large and his back is short and straight
-with well rounded ribs. The tail set high and is always docked. Coat
-short, hard and glossy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            HANOVRIAN LIMER
-
-Color: Gray-brown, like the winter coat of a deer, tan, red-yellow,
-darker on the mask, ears, and around the eyes, and often with a dark
-trace down the back.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 54 lbs.
-
-In general appearance this dog is of medium height, of strong and long
-structure. He is broad in skull and slightly domed, forehead slightly
-wrinkled, eyebrows well developed and protruding. The eyes show no haw
-and convey an energetic and earnest expression. Ears are very broad, set
-on high, and are carried close to the head. Chest wide and deep, back
-long with broad loins. The tail is long, strong at the root and
-tapering, well provided with long hair and carried downwards. The coat
-is close, full, smooth and elastic, and of a dull appearance.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             BAVARIAN LIMER
-
-Color: Tan, red-yellow, or wheaten, often darker on the back, with
-muzzle and ears nearly always black.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 52 lbs.
-
-A medium-sized dog, light in bone, with a grave and mild expression. Has
-a broad skull, slightly domed, eyebrows well developed, “stop” slightly
-defined, and lips not too heavy or pendulous. The eyes are dark brown
-and the haw is not visible. The ears are of medium length, broad, set on
-high, and round at the tips. Body not too long and chest fairly broad.
-Tail of good length, well covered with long hair, carried downwards, and
-is never docked. The coat is full and dense of hard texture, finer on
-the head and ears.
-
-
-
-
-                             Italian Breeds
-
-
-                          ITALIAN GREYHOUND
-                          ITALIAN GRIFFON
-                          ITALIAN POINTER
-                          BOLOGNESE
-                          ITALIAN SHEEPDOG
-                          SHEEPDOG OF ABRUZZES
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            ITALIAN SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: Dirty yellow, dark shades are not desirable.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 62 lbs.
-
-This is a strong, thick-set dog with heavy, somewhat rounded skull. The
-eyes are hazel color of intelligent expression. Ears are short and
-hanging, covered with fairly long, straight fur. His back is strong and
-straight; tail long, carried low and well coated, and the coat is curly
-and dense, except on the head, where it should be smooth.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                        SHEEPDOG OF THE ABRUZZES
-
-Color: All white.
-
-Height: 27 in.
-
-Weight: 66 lbs.
-
-A large and coarse dog. The head is fairly long, somewhat broad in
-skull, slightly domed, and without stop. The eyes are small and dark in
-color; ears of medium size and carried close to the head. Body strong
-and well built, with well developed and muscular loins. The tail is
-long, well coated, generally carried low, but sometimes over the back.
-His coat is dense and long, especially around the neck, on the back and
-on the tail. The skull, muzzle, ears and forepart of the legs are
-smooth-coated. A curly coat is a serious fault.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           ITALIAN GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Self-colored, golden fawn, but all shades of fawn, red, mouse,
-blue, green, and white are recognized. Blacks, brindles and pied are
-less desirable.
-
-Weight, two classes: Over 8 lbs. and under 8 lbs.
-
-This is an English greyhound in miniature, of very slender proportions,
-and of ideal elegance and grace in shape, symmetry and action.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            ITALIAN GRIFFON
-
-Color: All white or white with yellow or light brown patches.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This dog is known as the Spinone and is a well-built and clever dog of
-medium size. The head is rather long and large and though the moustaches
-are abundant the rest of the hair on the head is of a smooth nature. The
-skull is not too broad, forehead slightly domed, muzzle square and long,
-and the stop not very clearly defined. The eyes, though yellow or light
-brown in color, are very intelligent. Ears not too large, set on rather
-high and hang close to the cheeks. The stern is carried straight or
-slightly upwards, and is generally docked. The coat is short, hard and
-wiry, never woolly or curly and the undercoat is dense.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            ITALIAN POINTER
-
-Color: White with orange patches, white speckled with lemon, white and
-liver, and roan with liver.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 80 lbs.
-
-The Italian Pointer is a strong, muscular and elegantly shaped dog, full
-of character. The skull is slightly rounded, occipital bone well
-developed with broad, long and straight muzzle. The eyes are oval in
-shape, dark yellow in color, sympathetic and grave in expression. The
-nose is of brown or flesh color, never black. The lips are pendulous,
-thick and rounded. Ears long and broad, set on at the height of the eye,
-hanging gracefully and round at the tips. The back and loins are broad
-and muscular. The stern is thick and tapering and is generally docked to
-about 7 in. in length.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               BOLOGNESE
-
-Color: Self-colored white.
-
-Height: 12 in. or under.
-
-Weight: 8 lbs. or less.
-
-This is a ladies’ toy dog. The head is rather broad and muzzle not too
-long. The eyes are large, dark in color and watery. The ears hang, but
-not too close to the head, which gives the head a square appearance, and
-are well covered with long, curly hair. He is straight in the back and
-deep in the chest. The tail is curled over the back and well coated, and
-his coat should be long, silky and curly.
-
-
-
-
-                           Netherlands Breeds
-
-
-                  DRAUGHT DOG
-                  BRUSSELS GRIFFON (Belgium)
-                  TOY BRABANTINE (Belgium)
-                  BELGIAN SHEEPDOG (Belgium)
-                  SCHIPPERKE (Belgium)
-                  PAPILLON (Belgium)
-                  WIRE-HAIRED DUTCH TERRIER (Holland)
-                  DUTCH SHEEPDOG (Holland)
-                  DANISH POINTER (Denmark)
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              DRAUGHT DOG
-
-This is more or less of a nondescript variety, but he is worthy of a
-place in the sun by reason of the inestimable service he renders to his
-master or mistress. Daily he may be seen in Belgium and Holland drawing
-the carts purveying milk, butter, vegetables and other similar household
-necessities. He varies in height from about 24 in. to 32 in. and weighs
-around 100 lbs. Fawns and brindles are the most common colors. In
-general appearance he is a cobbily-built strong dog capable of great
-endurance. Naturally he must be strongly made in back and loins, well
-boned in legs and with feet well padded. The tail is generally docked to
-about three inches. Chapters dealing with other purposes to which dogs
-are put will be found in other parts of this work.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            BRUSSELS GRIFFON
-
-Color: Red.
-
-Weight: Under 9 lbs.
-
-This is a ladies’ pet dog, very intelligent, sprightly, robust, of
-compact appearance, and is peculiar for his quasi-human expression. His
-head is rounded, furnished with hard, irregular hair, which is longer
-around the eyes and on the nose and cheeks. The ears are erect when
-cropped, but not otherwise. The eyes are very large, black and with long
-and black eye lashes, and the hair on his nose should grow upwards,
-towards his pronounced stop. His chin should be prominent, but must not
-show the teeth. The tail is erect and cut two-thirds of its length.
-
-There is no definite data as to this dog’s precise origin, and though
-credit for his conception belongs to Brussels, it is highly probable
-that he has been evolved by an admixture of the Yorkshire Terrier, Irish
-Terrier and the Ruby Spaniel. His quaintness and degree of dignity,
-altogether disproportionate to his size, account in a large measure for
-the popular esteem in which he is held.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             TOY BRABANTINE
-
-The Toy Brabantine resembles the Brussels Griffon in every respect,
-except that his coat is short and smooth and his color red, or black and
-tan.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            BELGIAN SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: Reddish black, if possible with black muzzle.
-
-Height: 21 in.
-
-Weight: 54 lbs.
-
-A very intelligent and rustic dog built to withstand the changeable
-climate of Belgium. His sagacity, activity and enduring strength and
-dauntless courage fit him peculiarly as a protector for his Belgian
-master. The head is long, skull flat, not too broad, and moderate
-“stop.” The eyes are brown, with an inquiring intelligent expression.
-The ears should be stiff and carried erect, and triangular in shape,
-neck rather long, chest broad and not too deep, back straight, broad,
-strong, and of medium length. The tail is carried low in repose and
-should never be curled over the back, and is never docked. There are
-three varieties as to coat: A. Long and straight on the body, smooth on
-the head, with the inside of the ears protected by dense hair, and with
-considerable coat round the frill or mane. Forelegs well feathered and
-very profuse tail. B. Smooth on the body, head and legs, little longer
-round the neck, and slight feathering on the tail. C. A hard, dry and
-bristling wire-coat of the stand-off variety, more or less the same
-length all over the body, and with a bushy tail.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               SCHIPPERKE
-
-Color: All black.
-
-Height: 12 in.
-
-Weight: 12 lbs.
-
-This is an excellent little watch dog, very active and always on the
-alert, very courageous, exceedingly inquisitive, and a good vermin dog.
-The head is foxy, eyes dark brown, oval, and keen. Ears quite erect,
-small, triangular and set on high, and very mobile. The body is short
-and thick-set, chest broad, with straight back and powerful loins. He
-has no tail. His coat should be dense and harsh on the body, very
-profuse around the neck, forming a mane and frill, but short and smooth
-on the ears and head.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                PAPILLON
-
-Color: Self-colored red mahogany, ruby, chestnut red, dark yellow, or
-white with these patches. Height: Not more than 10 in., the smaller the
-better. Weight: 8 lbs. and under.
-
-This is a lively and active ladies’ pet dog. The skull is small,
-slightly domed, and muzzle rather snipy. The eyes are round, dark
-colored, set low in the head, and convey a lively expression. The ears
-are set high on the head, carried erect like the wings of a butterfly,
-from which feature he is often styled the Butterfly Spaniel. The back is
-straight and not too short or cobby. The tail is carried like that of
-the squirrel and is long and heavily feathered, which again accounts for
-him sometimes being called the Squirrel Spaniel. His coat should be long
-and silky, abundant on the body and tail and ears, but short on the
-mask.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                       WIRE-HAIRED DUTCH TERRIER
-
-Color: Red, yellow-brown, dirty yellow with moustaches, beard and eye
-lashes often black.
-
-Height: 17 in.
-
-Weight: 27 lbs.
-
-This is a rather commonly built dog, lively and intelligent; is a good
-ratter and is a stable dog rather than a ladies’ pet. The head is rather
-round and short, with stop well defined and the skull well covered with
-a short and hard coat. The eyes are rather large and round, dark brown
-in color, with an intelligent and lively expression. The ears are set on
-high, carried erect, and cropped to points, covered with coat shorter
-and softer than on the body. The tail is always docked, carried gaily
-and should be well coated but without feathering. The coat is hard, wiry
-and rough, never curly, wavy or woolly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             DUTCH SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: Immaterial, but no pie colors allowed.
-
-Height: 21 in.
-
-Weight: 52 lbs.
-
-A strong, well-built dog, very active and intelligent. The head is
-rather long and narrow, with flat skull, no stop, ears erect and of
-medium size, pointed at the tip and set on high. The neck is muscular
-and clean. Chest deep but not too broad, back strong, and on the short
-side. The tail is carried low, and is never docked. There are three
-varieties as to coat. A. A short, smooth coat like that of the smooth
-collie; B. A long, rough coat similar to the rough collie but without
-the frill; C. A wiry or broken coat with smooth mask, and with distinct
-beard and eyebrows.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             DANISH POINTER
-
-Color: Yellow-orange with white markings on the legs, feet, chest,
-muzzle and tip of tail. Self-colored yellow-orange is objectionable.
-
-Height: 26 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-In general appearance the Danish Pointer is smaller in size than the
-other varieties; the head is light and fairly long, muzzle long and
-broad; eyes of medium size and brown topaz in color, giving a pleasant
-expression, ears soft and hanging gracefully close to the cheeks and
-moderately long; neck is long, round and arched, free from dewlaps; body
-though light is powerful looking; back not too short and very strong,
-with loins and hindquarters full of muscle; stern fine and rather short.
-
-
-
-
-                        Austro-Hungarian Breeds
-
-
-                           AUSTRIAN HOUND
-                           HUNGARIAN SHEEPDOG
-                           BOSNIAN HOUND
-                           DALMATIAN
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             AUSTRIAN HOUND
-
-Color: Black with tan or yellow, brown and red in all shades and
-self-colored white.
-
-Height: 21 in.
-
-Weight: About 50 lbs.
-
-A dog of medium size, rather long, strong and of elastic structure. The
-head is of medium size, broad in skull, eyebrows well defined, and with
-pendulous lips. Eyes bright, brown and intelligent. Ears of medium
-length, not too broad, round at the tips, and set high. The body is
-strong, neck of medium length and very strong, chest broad and fairly
-long in the back. Stern is long, strong at the root and tapering. The
-coat: A. smooth, dense and glossy; B. semi-long, wiry and dull.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           HUNGARIAN SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: White or dirty white, sometimes seen with a yellow tip on the
-ears.
-
-Height: 27 in.
-
-Weight: 73 lbs.
-
-This is a well-made muscular dog, with broad skull, long and tapering
-muzzle. The eyes are small, set in obliquely and rather close together,
-of dark color and of an energetic and sometimes sour expression. The
-ears are small and carried close to the head and covered with smooth
-hair. The back is long, straight and well developed. The tail is carried
-low. His coat is fairly long, flat, dense and hard, sometimes wavy, but
-never curly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             BOSNIAN HOUND
-
-Color: Red, brown white with yellow, or red patches and tri-color.
-Height: 25 in. Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-This is a well-built, lively dog and conveys the impression of great
-stamina. The head is somewhat like that of the rough-coated German
-pointer, eyes bright, yellow or light brown in color, and of medium
-size. His heavy eyebrows give a rather threatening expression. Ears of
-medium length, broad, rounded at the tips, set on high, and hanging
-close to the head. He is broad in chest with neck long and well arched
-and well rounded in rib. Stern of fair length, strong at the root and
-carried downwards. The coat is hard, wiry and dense.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               DALMATIAN
-
-Color: Color together with markings are most important. The ground
-should be white. He should be spotted with either black or liver-colored
-spots clearly defined and on no account should the spots run into each
-other and they should be as round as possible.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 55 lbs.
-
-A strong, muscular, active dog capable of great endurance. In size,
-build and outline he very much resembles the pointer.
-
-The eyes are round, bright and sparkling, as dark as possible in the
-black spotted dogs, though a yellow tint is allowed in the liver dogs.
-Ears are set on high, of moderate size and carried close to the head, of
-fine texture, and the more profusely they are spotted the better. His
-back is strong and muscular, tail of fair length carried with a nice
-curve upwards but not curled and should be well spotted. The coat is
-short, hard, dense and fine in texture, but must not be woolly or silky.
-
-
-
-
-                             Spanish Breeds
-
-
-                            SPANISH POINTER
-                            MEDELAN
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            SPANISH POINTER
-
-Color: Brown and white, red and white, black and white, and pure brown.
-The white must not predominate.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 80 lbs.
-
-In general appearance the Spanish Pointer is a somewhat heavy, loosely
-made dog, larger than the English Pointer. The head is indented between
-the eyes, broad in skull, square, long and broad in muzzle with lips
-large and pendulous. The eyes are large and somewhat sunken in the head.
-Ears thin, loose and of moderate length. Chest broad and deep. Back and
-hind quarters very muscular. The stern is strong at the root, tapering
-towards the end and is frequently docked.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                MEDELAN
-
-Color: A dirty color or grizzled red with white patches and always
-shaded with black or darker color, like the St. Bernard and Mastiff.
-
-Height: 27 in.
-
-Weight: 180 lbs.
-
-A powerful and imposing dog resembling in many features the Mastiff and
-the Bordeaux, but is longer and harder in coat. The head is very heavy,
-powerful, large and square, with skull broad between the ears. The
-muzzle short, blunt, broad and square, and the lips have heavy pendulous
-flews. Eyes are small and brown, and convey a grave and sometimes an
-almost grumbling expression, and show the haw. Ears small, set on high,
-and hang close to the head. Body is strong, neck strong, heavy and
-muscular, chest deep and broad, back long, broad and powerful. Tail
-long, heavy, and carried downwards. Coat is semi-long, dense and hard.
-
-
-
-
-                              Swiss Breeds
-
-
-                              ST. BERNARD
-                              SWISS SETTER
-                              LUCERN HOUND
-                              BERN HOUND
-                              SWISS HOUND
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              ST. BERNARD
-
-Color: Red, orange, various shades of brindle, or white with patches on
-body, of the above named colors. He should have white muzzle, blaze up
-face, collar, chest, forelegs, feet and end of tail, with black shadings
-on face and ears.
-
-Height: Not less than 30 in.
-
-Weight: 200 lbs.
-
-This dog is known as the “Saintly” breed and may by his size,
-magnificent appearance, beautiful temper and docility be justly regarded
-as one of the finest examples and most noble members of the canine
-species. The head is large and massive, short and square in the muzzle,
-with great depth from eye to lower jaw. The eyes are rather small,
-deeply set and dark in color, the lower eyelid drooping, showing the
-haw. His expression should betoken benevolence, dignity and
-intelligence. Ears of medium size and not heavily feathered. Chest wide
-and deep with level back, well rounded ribs, and very muscular loins. He
-should be strong and straight on his legs. The tail is long and bushy,
-carried low when in repose. There are two varieties as regards coat: A.
-In the long-coated variety it should be dense and flat, rather fuller
-around the neck, with the thighs well feathered; B. In the short-coated
-variety, it should be close and hound-like and only slightly feathered
-on thighs and tail.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              SWISS SETTER
-
-Color: Mixed chestnut and grizzle, trout color, or white and chestnut
-with grizzled patches.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 52 lbs.
-
-In general appearance the Swiss Setter is a well built, intelligent and
-rustic looking dog. The head is rather light and short skull round and
-broad, occipital bone well developed, and with a well defined stop. The
-eyes should not be too small and should be brown or yellow brown in
-color. Back straight, strong and muscular, chest well developed, but not
-too broad, and well rounded in rib. The stern is often docked, otherwise
-it should be carried scimitar shaped. The coat should be very dense, but
-not hard.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              LUCERN HOUND
-
-Color: Iron-gray, steel-blue, blue mottled with large dark or black
-patches, and some have the head, body and paws with pale yellow or tan
-markings. Height: 19 in. Weight: 45 lbs.
-
-A dog of medium size and of fine structure. Head long, narrow and fine,
-eyes bright, large and intelligent, and dark brown in color, ears set on
-low, not too broad, are long and carried close to the head, with rounded
-tips. He is straight and broad in back. Stern of medium length and
-tapering to a point. The coat is short, smooth, fine and glossy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               BERN HOUND
-
-Color: Tri-color, white, black, brown-yellow, or tan. White with large
-black patches and tan markings on the eyes, jaws, and inside of the
-ears.
-
-Height: 21 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-This is a leggy and longish dog of elegant and muscular build. The head
-is long, narrow and somewhat pinched. Skull high and occipital bone well
-developed. The eyes are bright and dark. Ears set on backwards and are
-long but not too broad. They are rather pointed at the tips. Is deep and
-broad in chest, long and not too broad in back. Stern is not too heavy,
-tapers to the point and is carried down. He is smooth, short and fine in
-coat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              SWISS HOUND
-
-Color: White with large yellow, orange or tan patches. Frequently
-spotted with red or yellow markings and a black shade with red color is
-permissible. The skin is often spotted with black, giving him a blue
-appearance when out of coat.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 46 lbs.
-
-A dog of medium size, strong but not heavily built. The skull is broad
-and the occipital bone well developed, eyes rather large but not
-prominent, hazel brown, bright and intelligent. The ears are not set on
-too high, are thin and moderately long, and covered with fine hair.
-Chest deep and not too broad, and is short and broad in back. Stern of
-medium length, fairly short, strong at the root, and well coated. There
-are two varieties as to coat: A. Smooth and dense, which is fine and
-glossy on the head, ears and shoulders, and coarser on the back; B.
-Medium length, coarse, hard and dull.
-
-
-
-
-                             Russian Breeds
-
-
-                       BORZOI (Russian Wolfhound)
-                       RUSSIAN YELLOW RETRIEVER
-                       RUSSIAN HOUND
-                       OWTCHAR
-                       SAMOYED
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 BORZOI
-
-Color: Immaterial, except that self-colored specimens or those with
-heavy, black markings are objectionable.
-
-Height: 33 in.
-
-Weight: 100 lbs.
-
-The Borzoi is one of the most ancient of Russian breeds and should
-possess great size, great speed and great strength. The head is of
-extraordinary length, and should appear rather Roman nosed in profile.
-The eyes are dark, expressive and almond-shaped; ears small, thin and
-placed well back on the head; the chest is deep and narrow; the back
-bony, and well arched; loins broad and very powerful, with well sprung
-ribs; the tail is long and well feathered and carried low; the coat
-should be long and silky, not woolly, and on the neck it should be
-profuse and rather curly.
-
-This breed, though originating from Russia, has been bred and exhibited
-in England since 1872. The Duchess of Newcastle and, a little later,
-Queen Alexandra, then the Princess of Wales, are mainly responsible for
-the popular favor in which they are now regarded. The finest collection
-in the world, however, is owned by the Grand Duke Nicholas, at Perchina,
-near Moscow. These are said to excel even those possessed by the Czar,
-from whom dogs cannot be purchased.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                        RUSSIAN YELLOW RETRIEVER
-
-Color: Yellow or rich red sable.
-
-Height: 28 in.
-
-Weight: 90 lbs.
-
-This dog is similar in all essentials to the English Retriever, except
-that he is a size bigger and heavier in coat, and of course different in
-color, as his name implies. He is used principally for tracking wounded
-deer.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             RUSSIAN HOUND
-
-Color: Grizzle or black, with tan markings, often with a white collar,
-feet and tip of tail.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 58 lbs.
-
-The head much resembles that of a wolf, being considerably broader
-between the ears than at the forehead. Eyes of medium size, bright,
-brown or yellow, sometimes nearly black. Ears small and hanging with a
-tendency to prick when the dog is angry. Stern is short, strong at the
-root, and carried straight. The coat is hard and smooth, with a woolly
-under coat, and the wolf or fox brush.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                       OWTCHAR (Russian Sheepdog)
-
-Color: Slate color, dirty white, and nearly black.
-
-Height: 32 in.
-
-Weight: 105 lbs.
-
-This is a large and strongly built dog of very great antiquity. His head
-is massive, round, and covered with softer hair than on the body. The
-eyes are rather large, dark brown in color, and very intelligent. The
-ears are of fair size, hanging, well coated, and are sometimes cut and
-carried semi-erect. He has a short, muscular neck, strong, well
-developed body, and is the largest of all the varieties of the sheep
-dogs, and is intended to defend his flocks against wolves. The tail is
-often docked, otherwise it should be well coated, and his coat is very
-dense and somewhat woolly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                SAMOYED
-
-Color: White or white with black, brown or wolf patches.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-A dog of medium size, well built and cobby, covered with a thick fur.
-The head is slightly domed and fairly broad. He is rather small in eyes,
-which should be dark in color and set obliquely in the head, and convey
-a very intelligent and lively expression. The ears are erect, broad at
-the root, and taper to a point. The neck is strong and muscular, the
-chest broad and deep, and back short, straight and strong. Tail is short
-and heavily coated, and carried curled over the back. His stand-off coat
-is semi-long, dense and thick, and abundant around the neck, with a
-short and dense undercoat.
-
-Breeds of the Northern Latitudes of Europe and Asia
-
-                           FINNISH POM
-                           FINNISH ELKHOUND
-                           NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND
-                           SWEDIAN HOUND
-                           NORWEGIAN HOUND
-                           ICELAND DOG
-                           DOG OF NOORLAND
-                           LAPLAND SHEEPDOG
-                           ESQUIMAU
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Dogs Sledging in the Icefields of the Northern Latitudes._
-]
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              FINNISH POM
-
-Color: Foxy-red or yellow-red, often with a white patch on chest, feet
-and tip of tail.
-
-Height: 18 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-A cobbily-built dog with an intrepid and audacious appearance. The head
-of medium size, lean, not too round, and stop well defined. Eyes are
-obliquely set in the head, giving him a mild, lively and intelligent
-expression, and are dark or light brown in color. The ears are set on
-high, carried erect, very mobile, and of moderate size. Has muscular
-neck, chest deep but not too broad, and body straight, broad and short.
-The tail is thick at the root, profusely covered with long hair, and
-carried curled over the back. His coat is smooth on head and forelegs,
-but long, dense and perfectly straight on the body with a dense and
-fluffy undercoat. It should be very abundant around the neck, forming a
-frill.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             FINNISH HOUND
-
-Color: Red-brown, shade of yellow on muzzle and legs; white patches
-permissible.
-
-Height: 23 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-A proportionately built dog with long, broad muzzle, light brown eyes,
-deep chest, muscular loins, rather high on leg in proportion to his
-body, medium length tail, carried like a saber. His coat is flat, smooth
-though rather coarse on the back.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND
-
-Color: Grizzle in all its shade; grizzle-brown, grizzle-brown and black.
-A white patch on the chest and feet is permissible. The undercoat should
-be pale brown.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-In stature this dog is rather short, but he has much strength and
-temerity. The head is carried high, is large and square, broad between
-the ears, with “stop” well defined. Eyes should be dark brown or
-yellow-brown and convey an active and courageous expression. The ears
-are pointed, carried erect and very mobile. The body is short, and the
-chest broad and deep. The stern is of medium length, thick and heavy and
-carried curled over the back. His coat is short and flat on the head but
-hard, coarse and rather long on the body.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             SWEDIAN HOUND
-
-Color: Black—the head, chest and legs being tan or dark yellow. White
-patches on the head, chest, feet and tip of tail are permissible. Also
-tan or dark yellow with large white patches.
-
-Height: 33 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-This is a well-built dog with a noble head, which is long and lean. The
-eyes are bright and for preference are dark in color. Chest deep and
-straight and broad in the back. Stern of medium length, strong at the
-root, and carried with a slight curve. His coat is thick, hard, dense
-and glossy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            NORWEGIAN HOUND
-
-Color: Iron gray patches and spots on blue background; so-called “trout”
-color with brown-brindle in patches, tan markings; blue-merle; black
-with tan or brown markings; tan with white patches. Iron-gray with tan
-markings is not desirable.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-This is a strongly built dog rather long in body, and with a grave and
-intelligent expression. The head is large, of medium breadth, not domed
-and with distinct “stop.” Eyes are brown. Blue-merle dogs have “China”
-ears. Ears set on rather high, of medium length and breadth, and hang
-close to the head. The chest is broad rather than deep. Stern of medium
-length, carried rather high. The coat is thick and glossy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                              ICELAND DOG
-
-Color: Brownish or gray, sometimes dirty white or dirty yellow, and is
-frequently seen with black on the back.
-
-Height: 14 in.
-
-Weight: 45 lbs.
-
-This is a lightly built dog with a “game” temperament. The head is large
-in proportion to his body, with broad domed skull, and rather short,
-snipy muzzle. The ears are large at the base, pointed and carried erect,
-though sometimes semi-erect. He is large and deep in chest, short in
-body, with bushy tail carried over the back. His coat is hard, of medium
-length, flat and shorter on the head and legs.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            DOG OF NOORLAND
-
-Color: All shades of grizzle with black or darker tips. The under coat
-should be as white as possible. A yellow undercoat is a fault.
-
-Height: 22 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-A strong and well-built dog on rather cobby lines; the head is rather
-small, slightly arched and without “stop.” Eyes should be dark brown,
-bright and intelligent. Ears small, very mobile, carried erect and set
-high on the head. Chest deep and broad. The tail is strong, medium
-length, and curled over the back. The coat is short and thick on the
-head, legs and feet, and more abundant on the body.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            LAPLAND SHEEPDOG
-
-Color: Black, rusty black, grizzle with white feet. White dogs with
-reddish brown patches and self-colored yellow-brown ones are highly
-appreciated, but all white is a fault.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This dog has a rather long body, which is well covered with thick,
-abundant coat. The skull is broad and domed; ears erect; eyes large,
-brown and intelligent; chest narrow and deep. His tail is sometimes
-docked, but when not is well coated and curled over the back. The coat
-on the head is short, but on the body should be long, thick and dense,
-and never wavy, and he should have a very dense undercoat and a distinct
-frill.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                ESQUIMAU
-
-Color: Black or rusty black with white patches, and white chest.
-Sometimes brown with gray patches and all white.
-
-Height: 16 in.
-
-Weight: 56 lbs.
-
-This is a medium-sized, well-boned dog, with broad domed skull, rather
-snipy muzzle, with well defined “stop.” The ears are broad, pointed and
-carried erect, and the insides should be well coated. The eyes are
-small, dark in color, and of intelligent expression. The chest is broad
-rather than deep and the tail long, bushy and carried over the back. His
-coat is dense, flat, hard and long, especially on the back, with dense,
-woolly undercoat.
-
-
-
-
-                    United States of America Breeds
-
-
-                          BOSTON TERRIER
-                          AMERICAN BLOODHOUND
-                          CHESAPEAKE
-                          AMERICAN FOXHOUND
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             BOSTON TERRIER
-
-Color: Brindle with even white markings.
-
-Weight: Not exceeding 27 lbs., divided into three classes, as follows:
-A. under 17 lbs.; B. 17 to 22 lbs.; C. 22 to 27 lbs.
-
-The general appearance of the Boston Terrier should be that of a lively,
-highly intelligent, smooth-coated, short headed, compactly built, short
-tailed, well balanced dog. The head should indicate a high degree of
-intelligence, the body rather short and well knit, limbs strong and
-neatly turned. This dog should convey an appearance of determination,
-strength and activity, with easy, graceful carriage. Color and even
-white markings are given particular consideration in the matter of
-general appearance. The skull is square, flat, free from wrinkles,
-abrupt brow, eyes wide apart, large and round, and dark in color. The
-muzzle is short, square, wide and deep, and free from wrinkles, and the
-ears should be small and thin. The body is deep with wide chest, and
-well sprung ribs. The tail is set on low, straight or screw, short, fine
-and tapering, and the coat is short, smooth and of fine texture.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          AMERICAN BLOODHOUND
-
-Color: Tan, black and tan. The black and tan must be well defined; white
-is not allowed except a small spot on the breast. Height: 28 in. Weight:
-60 lbs.
-
-A dog showing much hound character, but is smaller and lighter in muzzle
-and bone than the English Bloodhound. The skull should be rounded
-crossways with the occiput slightly prominent. The eyes are piercing
-with hound expression and hazel in color. The ears should reach to end
-of muzzle and as much longer as possible; they are thin, covered with a
-soft silky coat, and low set. The neck should be clean and of good
-length without throatiness. Back broad, strong and short and hind
-quarters very strong and muscular. The stern is not very strong in bone
-at the root and of medium length. The coat is not rough, nor so fine as
-to be silky, wiry or shaggy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               CHESAPEAKE
-
-Color: Nearly resembling wet sedge grass or discolored coat of the
-Buffalo.
-
-Height: 24 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-A symmetrical and well built dog with a head somewhat broad, yellow
-eyes, small ears placed well upon the head, of lively and intelligent
-expression. Powerfully built, with a somewhat coarse coat which has a
-tendency to waviness over the shoulders. His skin is protected from the
-water by a short woolly and dense undercoat.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           AMERICAN FOXHOUND
-
-Color: Not material, but usually black and tan and white. Height: Males,
-24 in. Weight: 60 lbs.
-
-The American Foxhound is a strong, clean-limbed dog, built on lighter
-lines than his English brother and resembles him in all other
-essentials.
-
-
-
-
-                             Mexican Breeds
-
-
-                            MEXICAN HAIRLESS
-                            CHIHUAHUA
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            MEXICAN HAIRLESS
-
-Color: Generally color of elephant’s hide. The skin always feels cold
-and is often mottled with flesh-colored, pink or grizzle patches.
-Weight: From 8 to 20 lbs.
-
-In body properties they somewhat resemble the black and tan “Manchester”
-terrier. The “points” of this breed are not sufficiently well known to
-have enabled breeders to formulate a standard.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               CHIHUAHUA
-
-Color: Reddish black and fawn. Weight: From 1½ to 4 lbs.
-
-This dog is strictly of Mexican origin, though it is also found in the
-state of Texas. It is the most diminutive of all breeds. Is remarkably
-game and exclusive in its affections. His legs are very slender and toe
-nails very long and strong, features which seem to justify the belief
-that in early days they inhabited the dense forests of northern Mexico.
-The head is round with sharp pointed nose, and large erect ears.
-
-This breed is famous as a performing dog, being very intelligent and
-agile.
-
-
-
-
-                             Japanese Breed
-
-
-                            JAPANESE SPANIEL
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            JAPANESE SPANIEL
-
-Color: Black and white, or red and white. The term red includes all
-shades of sable, brindle, lemon and orange, but the brighter and clearer
-the red the better. The white should be clear white and whatever color
-the patches are they should be evenly distributed over the body, cheeks
-and ears.
-
-This is a lively, highly bred little dog, of dainty, smart appearance,
-compact carriage, profuse coat, and very stylish in movement. The head
-should be large, broad, and slightly rounded, with strong and wide
-muzzle, very short from eyes to nose. The under-jaw should be slightly
-turned up, but the teeth should not be shown. The nose should be wide
-and open, and must be the color of the dog’s markings. The eyes are
-large, dark, lustrous, prominent and set wide apart. Ears small, nicely
-feathered and set high on the head. The body is very compact and
-squarely built with short cobby back. In fact the length of the dog
-should be about equal to his total height. The tail is carried in a
-tight curl over the back and should be profusely feathered, so as to
-give the appearance of a beautiful plume.
-
-During the last thirty years the popular taste for the Japanese Spaniel
-has called for smaller and smaller specimens, until now the more
-diminutive they are the more valuable have they become. In Japan they
-are affected by the ladies as “sleeve” dogs, such being almost
-priceless. It is not now uncommon to find them 2½ lbs. weight, though
-fully matured. These small specimens are now also freely bred in
-England, the climate of which country appears to suit them very well.
-
-
-
-
-                             Chinese Breeds
-
-
-                           PEKINGESE SPANIEL
-                           HAPPA
-                           CHOW-CHOW
-                           PUG
-                           CHINESE CRESTED
-                           LITTLE LION DOG
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               PEKINGESE
-
-Color: All colors are allowable—red, fawn, black, black and tan, sable,
-brindle, white and parti-colors. Those with black masks and “spectacles”
-around the eyes and lines to ears are the most appreciated.
-
-Weight: A. 10 to 18 lbs.; B. Under 10 lbs.
-
-This is probably the most fashionable pet dog now in vogue. His
-character is full of dignity and consummate pride, and disgust for
-anything menial or common. His head is massive, broad, wide and flat
-between the ears and eyes. The eyes should be large, dark, prominent,
-round and lustrous. “Stop” deep. Ears heart-shaped, drooping and well
-feathered. Muzzle very short, broad and wrinkled. He has a heavy-fronted
-body and light hind quarters, and the great coat on the frill and neck
-give him a lion-like appearance. The coat should be long, straight and
-flat, with dense undercoat and well feathered on thighs, legs, tail and
-toes.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                 HAPPA
-
-The Happa is identical in every respect with the Pekingese Spaniel,
-except that his coat is short and smooth.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                               CHOW-CHOW
-
-Colors: Black, red, yellow, blue, white. All self-colors.
-
-Height: 20 in.
-
-Weight: 50 lbs.
-
-A lively, compact, short-bodied dog with well-knit frame, and tail
-curled well over the back. The skull is flat and broad, well filled out
-under the eyes, and broad at the snout. His tongue should be black, eyes
-dark and small, though in the blue shades a lighter colored eye is
-permissible. The ears are small, pointed and erect, and should be placed
-well forward over the eyes, a feature which gives the dog a
-characteristic expression or “scowl” peculiar to the breed. The chest is
-broad and deep; back short, straight and strong, and his coat in the
-rough variety should be abundant, dense, straight, coarse in texture,
-with a soft woolly undercoat. Smooth-coated Chows are identically the
-same as above, except that the coat should be smooth, short and dense.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                  PUG
-
-Color: Silver fawn, apricot fawn, black.
-
-Height: 12 in.
-
-Weight: 17 lbs.
-
-This is a square and cobby dog, short in body, and wide in chest. His
-compactness of form and hardness of developed muscle are his chief
-characteristics. The head is large, massive and round, muzzle short,
-blunt and square, and he should have large and deep wrinkles. The eyes
-are very large, dark, bold and prominent, with a soft and solicitous
-expression, and when excited be full of “fire.” The ears are thin, small
-and soft and of two varieties as regards carriage—“rose” and “button.”
-The tail is curled as tightly as possible over the hip; a double curl is
-considered perfection. His coat is fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy,
-neither too hard nor too woolly.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          CHINESE CRESTED DOG
-
-Height: 12 in.
-
-Weight: 20 lbs.
-
-This is a hairless breed, except that he has a silky top-knot or crest,
-and some feathering or tuft at the root of the tail, which feature is
-considered very typical of the breed. It is difficult to assign its
-origin, but they are found freely in the South and Central American
-States, Mexico, South Africa and China. The ears should be carried erect
-and are never cut. The conformation of the body is like that of the
-black and tan terrier, but the head is shorter and the skull more
-rounded. The skin always feels cold and is of the color of the hide of
-an elephant. Some are mottled with flesh-colored patches, and sometimes
-the skin is of a pink color with grizzle patches.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                            LITTLE LION DOG
-
-Color: All colors, self-colored or parti-colors. The most preferable
-being the self-colored white, black and lemon.
-
-Height: 14 in.
-
-Weight: 9 lbs.
-
-This is a small ladies’ pet dog, very active and intelligent, generally
-with one-third of his body clipped or shaved, which gives him the
-appearance of a lion in miniature. The head is short and broad; eyes
-large, round and intelligent, and dark in color, and his well feathered
-ears are long and hanging. The tail is of medium length, is clipped at
-the root, and well feathered at the tip. The coat is long and wavy, but
-not curly.
-
-
-
-
-                           Various Greyhounds
-
-
-                            BALEARIC (Spain)
-                            PHU-QUOC (Siam)
-                            PERSIAN
-                            PORTUGUESE
-                            ARABIAN
-
-In addition to the above named varieties of the Greyhound, there are
-others known as Greyhounds of Crimea, of Caucasus, of Circassia, of
-Tartary, of Kurdistan, and of Anatoly. None of these, however, have any
-adopted “points,” but are rather the result of crossings between the
-Borzoi and the different Asiatic greyhounds which are portrayed in other
-parts of this work.
-
-As a general rule these dogs are used for hunting various kinds of
-fleet-footed game, sometimes in the interest of sport, but more
-frequently in the protection of the homestead against wolves and other
-kinds of wild beasts.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           BALEARIC GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Red fawn or fawn with white patches.
-
-Height: 25 in.
-
-Weight: 66 lbs.
-
-This is a lean-looking dog and by no means elegant. The skull is
-slightly domed, narrow and long, and the jaws are long and powerful. His
-almond-shaped, brown eyes convey a sour expression. The ears are
-pointed, erect, set on high, turned outwards, and very movable. The head
-is lean and straight, neck straight and rather short, with short and
-powerful loins. The coat is short, hard and fairly long on the back,
-neck and tail.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           PHU-QUOC GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Reddish fawn with black muzzle and with dark strip down the back.
-
-Height: 21 in.
-
-Weight: 40 lbs.
-
-This is a heavy kind of greyhound with a long, slightly domed skull,
-broad muzzle, jaw is long and powerful, lips and tongue black and with
-reddish eyes giving him a savage expression. The ears are carried erect,
-shell shaped and somewhat pointed. He is coarse in body, very long and
-flexible in neck, with broad and strong loins. The tail is short, very
-movable and carried curled over the back. The coat on the body and legs
-is very short and dense, and this dog is peculiar and different from any
-other kind in that the hair on the back grows the wrong way, and is much
-longer and harder there than on the rest of his body.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                          PORTUGUESE GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Reddish-roe, dark yellow, mouse grey, or black, with small white
-patch only on the chest.
-
-Height: 29 in.
-
-Weight About 56 lbs.
-
-A muscular and well-built dog, but rather coarse for a greyhound. The
-head is narrow and pointed, jaws long, strong and powerful, and his
-hazel-brown eyes convey a lively expression. The ears are large, carried
-erect, sometimes semi-erect, pointed and set on not too high. The back
-is long and slightly arched, with muscular and rather coarse body, tail
-long and fine, carried upwards in a slight curve. Coat is smooth and in
-others wire-haired or broken.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           PERSIAN GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Black, various shades of fawn and sometimes a dirty white.
-
-Height: 28 in.
-
-Weight: 70 lbs.
-
-This is a rather big dog, but delicate and elegant in outline. His head
-is fine, light, lean and bony, with a slightly domed skull. The eyes are
-mild, intelligent and dark brown. The ears hang close to the head, are
-long and well feathered with wavy hair. The neck is arched, elegant and
-slender. Chest deep and back straight, long and strong. He is moderately
-long in tail, which is carried hanging like a sabre. The coat is smooth
-and very soft, but is much longer on the ears and tail, where it is
-silky and wavy.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           ARABIAN GREYHOUND
-
-Color: Light yellow sand color with black mask and black eyelids.
-
-Height: 28 in.
-
-Weight: 65 lbs.
-
-This is a dog of lean, elegant and alert appearance. He is higher on the
-leg and shorter in the body than the English Greyhound. He is not as
-long in the head but more domed in the skull than the English dog, and
-seen in profile the head has some resemblance to that of the Jackal. The
-eyes are large, dark amber in color, and intelligent in expression. He
-is rather large in ears, which are folded well down on the neck. He is
-strong and muscular in neck with hind quarters well developed. The tail
-is fairly long, fine and carried curved downwards. The coat is smooth,
-dense and fine.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Belgian Dogs trained to draw quick-firing guns_
-]
-
-                            Dogs in Warfare
-
-              _“Cry Havoc! and let slip the dogs of war”_
-
-
-However trite may be the saying that history repeats itself, it is
-unquestionably apposite in regard to the employment of dogs in warfare.
-Great hounds were used to guard the camps of Rome. In even more
-primitive times they were formidable adversaries in hand-to-hand
-conflicts, while to come to more modern days Frederick the Great and
-Napoleon—two of the greatest soldiers the world has ever seen—held a
-very high opinion of the value of canine sentries. Napoleon, in fact, is
-said to have urged Marmont to fasten dogs to stakes around the circuit
-of the walls of Alexandria to keep guard.
-
-Recent wars have served to emphasize the advantages which may be gained
-by the use of the peculiar qualities of scent and hearing which dogs
-possess. Their sense of scent we human beings lack almost entirely,
-while they not only hear audible things more quickly than we do, but
-also hear things which are quite inaudible to us. Is it to be wondered
-at, therefore, that military experts have not been slow to recognize
-such potential properties?
-
-
-                          WHAT THEY HAVE DONE
-
-The present-day tendency consequently is to bring dogs more and more
-into the foreground in warfare. During the Russo-Japanese War the whole
-of the Manchurian Railway line was guarded by dogs, who gave the alarm,
-and on several occasions prevented the Japanese crossing the line. Those
-which were sent out from England with the Abor Expedition, N. W.
-Frontier, more than once prevented the sentries from being rushed during
-night duty, owing to their keener sense of hearing. In the Tripoli
-campaign their value was frequently demonstrated, while the dogs
-belonging to Major Richardson, the famous English trainer of war dogs,
-rendered yeoman service to the Bulgarians at the siege of Adrianople,
-where they were able to give warning of attempted sorties by the Turks.
-Some of Major Richardson’s well-trained animals were also used in the
-Spanish trenches in Morocco, being responsible for the finding of
-hundreds of wounded men who would otherwise have been left to their
-fate.
-
-
-                          USED BY GREAT ARMIES
-
-At the present moment most of the modern armies employ dogs, although
-naturally opinions differ as to the most suitable type of dog. The
-Russians have adopted the Caucasian dog; Austria, Dalmatians; Turkey,
-Asiatic Sheepdogs; France and Belgium, the smugglers’ dogs of the
-Belgium frontier; while Germany uses Collies, Pointers and Airedales. So
-far the British Army has ignored the value of trained dogs, though the
-Admiralty some five years ago instituted a scheme for the use of dogs in
-naval stations ashore. Major Richardson believes that the only really
-useful dogs are the Airedale, Sheepdog, and Bloodhound.
-
-What part dogs will play in the present great conflict time only will
-show, but that it will probably be a large one may be gathered from the
-fact that the German army alone possesses over 6,000.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Corps of Sentry Dogs_
-]
-
-The importance of determining some efficient and economical form of
-traction for Infantry machine guns had been under consideration in
-Belgium before the war. Up till recently, pack-horse transport had been
-considered the most satisfactory system. Exhaustive trials between this
-method and that of wheel traction by a pair of dogs of a breed known in
-that country as the Belgian Mastiff, have, however, resulted in favour
-of the latter, and the final adoption of this mode of transport for the
-Machine Gun Units of the Belgium Army. This form of traction is not
-novel in Belgium in civil life. According to the Journal of the Royal
-Artillery the breeding of dogs for light draught purposes has long been
-in vogue in that country, for the purpose of conveying farm produce from
-the country into the towns. Dog traction is employed by the country
-people—milkmen, bakers, greengrocers, and many artisans with light
-carts—in conducting their trade and business. There are reckoned to be
-50,000 dogs available for this purpose in Belgium, of which 10,000 are
-in Brussels alone. They are found to be admirably suited for the
-purpose. Their bodies are thick-set, loins strong, and they have deep
-chests, and muscular limbs. A dog of 110 lbs. weight is capable of
-drawing on a good road a load of 880 lbs., and a horse 1,100 to 1,300
-lbs. (or ten times and upwards the weight of one of these dogs), cannot
-draw much more than the equivalent increase of his weight. With an
-average load of 660 lbs. behind the team on good roads, a dog can keep
-up for long distances a pace of 4 or 5 miles an hour; for several
-hundred yards he can attain a speed of from 6 to 7 miles an hour.
-
-The price of a pack-horse is not less than £40, and his daily forage may
-be reckoned to cost about ¼–½ a day, without taking into consideration
-the construction and upkeep of his stable. The pack-saddle costs about
-£15, whereas dog harness can be purchased for the pair of dogs for
-something less than £4. A male dog costs £4, and his food per day
-amounts to about 4½d. Finally, the small carriage for the machine gun or
-ammunition cart costs about £8, and the net cost for construction and
-upkeep of kennels is something small. Moreover, as the dog does not
-require shoes, lameness is rare, which we well know from the enormous
-distances he can go when hunting. He is intelligent and docile, and puts
-all his heart into serving his master faithfully under all
-circumstances. The length of his military service may be taken at from
-eight to nine years. The discipline of the trained dog is such that an
-untrained dog, harnessed with him, would be compelled to submit to all
-the movements of the former. On the march, and under fire, one can rely
-on his working till absolutely exhausted or mortally wounded. These are
-the qualities which can be developed in the breeding kennel, and in his
-subsequent training. The four wheels of the little gun carriage are made
-of tubes of steel, light, low and stable, and fitted with pneumatic
-tires. The carriage complete does not weigh more than 220 lbs., and is
-easily dragged by the team of two dogs, or eventually carried by the
-four members of the detachment. Its height and breadth are each about 31
-inches. The trials were carried out to test the following: Visibility,
-mobility on roads and across country, overcoming obstacles, and
-resistance to fatigue. They lasted three weeks in bad weather, during
-which a distance of 250 miles was covered. The six pack-horses were
-wither-galled, and had to be successively replaced but not so the dogs.
-On the march across country, or commons, of from 1½ to 3 miles, where
-the ground presented obstacles or was broken up, the dogs gained without
-doubt in mobility and speed over the horses, especially when ditches,
-hedges and low walls had to be negotiated. The teams crossed with ease
-ploughed land and crops, copses and banks. Assisted by the detachments
-they crossed over deep ditches and steep slopes. The horses showed signs
-of fatigue long before the dogs. The latter were afraid of nothing, and
-followed perfectly the member of the detachment charged with leading
-each team. They lay down or resumed the order of march on a signal,
-without even barking, and in perfect order.
-
-The smallest fold in the ground concealed the teams, and at 300 yards
-distance, nothing of them could be distinguished. Coming into or out of
-action was more rapidly effected than in the case of the pack-horses.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Dog Harness_
-]
-
-The regiments to which they were attached had three sections, each of 2
-guns and 4 ammunition carts, requiring 36 dogs for the 18 vehicles.
-
-In action the dogs gave every satisfaction, and whilst halted in
-positions of readiness for often considerable periods, they lay down
-quietly waiting in their harness.
-
-In coming into action the Nos. 1 had sometimes to creep on in front,
-accompanied by the team driver of each gun, in order to choose their
-positions in actions. At a signal, the teams moved quickly up into the
-emplacements when, the detachments having brought the guns into action,
-the empty carriages with their drivers proceeded to the rear and
-rejoined the ammunition carts under cover.
-
-The trials indeed were so successful that orders were issued to erect,
-for all infantry regiments, kennels for a dozen dogs per unit, and at
-Beverloo a remount and training establishment for these dogs was to be
-formed.
-
-It is even reported in the course of the campaign, in Belgium that the
-war dogs of the machine guns took a still more active part by “going
-for” German soldiery.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The Ambulance Dog at Work_
-]
-
-
-                             AMBULANCE DOGS
-
-Not until the history of the present European war comes to be written
-will it be known just how great have been the services of the dog for
-ambulance work. Shortly after the outbreak of this, the world’s greatest
-war, an Association in Germany, formed about the year 1893, known as the
-Ambulance Dogs’ Association, greatly increased its activities.
-
-It has been found by experience that the best breeds for ambulance work
-are collies, retrievers, bloodhounds, Airedale terriers, German shepherd
-dogs and Dobermann Pinschers. It is absolutely essential that ambulance
-dogs should be extremely wiry and hardy, and capable of great hardship
-and endurance, otherwise they are of little use.
-
-The manner in which ambulance, dogs are employed is to help the Red
-Cross men and doctors to search for wounded within a given area on the
-battlefield. A dog’s sense of scent and acute hearing enable him
-frequently to detect the sound of the breathing of a wounded man when
-inaudible to the human ear. Moreover, a puff of wind often suffices to
-carry to the dog’s nose the scent of a man lying possibly unconscious in
-some concealed place.
-
-Fields of battle nowadays are widely extended, and soldiers have to take
-advantage of every possible bit of natural cover. The instinct of the
-wounded is to use their last strength in seeking protection from
-artillery fire, cavalry charges, the wheels of guns, and the other
-horrors to which they are exposed. They crawl away into the most hidden,
-safest places. The collection of the wounded is usually at night. This
-accounts for the large numbers that after each battle are reported as
-“missing.” In some instances the missing have been more than half as
-many as the known total of killed and wounded.
-
-They are differently equipped in the armies of different countries. The
-Germans provide their ambulance dogs with a saddle with pockets in which
-are bandages and dressings, while around the neck is a wooden flask of
-stimulant. The Italians and French put the flask in a pocket of the
-saddle. British experts consider bandages and stimulant unnecessary, as
-every man has to carry his own first-aid dressing, and the extra weight
-hinders the dog’s action. In the English army the dogs wear a very light
-saddle with the Geneva cross on each side, and a loud bell hangs from a
-leather collar. The Russians provide their ambulance dogs with small
-lanterns and attach the bells elsewhere on the collar.
-
-In some of the European armies the ambulance dog is trained to return to
-his master and guide him to the wounded man; in others he is taught to
-bark and give the news of his discovery in that way. Still another
-method is to have the dog on a long leash and thus lead the searcher in
-the right direction.
-
-The Japanese also use scouting dogs in this way, and so do many of the
-European armies. They are trained to growl at any sudden surprise, their
-natural temptation to bark being thwarted by muzzling with a leather
-strap. In sentry duty the muzzle is moved. With an upwind blowing these
-sentry dogs are able to detect the approach of men and horses an
-extraordinary distance away.
-
-On the whole, it is found that the speediest method is for the dog to
-stay beside his “quarry” when found, and bark until the ambulance
-arrives, but there is the drawback that if several dogs are being
-employed in a restricted area and several bark simultaneously, it is not
-always easy to locate whence the barking comes.
-
-The Germans, unlike the French, do not permit their dogs to wear even a
-collar, as it is thought that this may hinder him in pushing his way
-through the thicket or hedges. It has often happened that the wounded
-are found adjacent to some hedge or other cover not easy to search by
-human aid alone. On the other hand, the French fasten water bottles
-around the neck of the dog and train him to search for wounded, who, if
-still conscious, eagerly grasps the welcome and ofttimes life-saving
-beverage.
-
-Constant practice in this, as in other kinds of dog training, is an
-absolute essential. As the war proceeds more and more use will be made
-of the special functions and gifts of dogs, a resumé of which, when
-peace again reigns, will surely prove one of the most interesting phases
-of the hostilities now taking place in Europe.
-
-In the annals of the French army Mustache is still a celebrity. Mustache
-was one of the war dogs in the Italian campaign when Napoleon was first
-consul. He saved the French army from a night surprise and annihilation.
-Later he tracked and captured a spy who had secured valuable
-information. But this dog’s crowning achievement was at the battle of
-Austerlitz.
-
-The standard bearer of the regiment had just fallen dead. Mustache’s
-teeth and an Austrian soldier’s hands grasped the tattered, bloodstained
-banner simultaneously. Mustache flew at his enemy’s throat and bore him
-down. Then, seizing the flag, he carried it back to the regiment.
-Napoleon gave Mustache the highest decoration for valor. He met a
-soldier’s death not long afterward, racing forward beside the flag,
-leading the regiment in a furious charge.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The Canine Ambulance Division of the French Army Off to the Front._
-]
-
-
-
-
-                           British Sheep Dogs
-
-
-Public trials of working sheep dogs were first introduced by Mr. Lloyd
-Price, of Rhiwlas, Bala, North Wales, in 1873. The object for which they
-were originally instituted was to promote a better training of sheep
-dogs amongst the Welsh farmers.
-
-Strange as it may seem, though the mountainous districts of Wales have
-been devoted from time immemorial almost exclusively to sheep rearing,
-the old-time farmers took little trouble in the training of dogs to
-collect and work their sheep. In fact, previous to the inauguration of
-the competitions, the duties of the Welsh sheep dog were confined
-principally to the task of hunting and chasing sheep back again up the
-mountains whenever they strayed down to graze upon the more fertile
-pastures in the valley which the farmers reserved for their cattle. This
-was well enough so long as the sheep were roaming at will among their
-native haunts and feeding grounds, but whenever it was necessary for the
-farmer to gather his flock together the trouble began. The hardy little
-animals are wild and timid creatures that are not easily induced to
-leave their mountain home; moreover, when at liberty they are scattered
-in small lots over immense tracts of country.
-
-To gather sheep from the mountains with the aid of dogs alone was in
-those days, with few exceptions, an utter impossibility, consequently as
-many as ten or twelve men had to be employed to scour the mountains, and
-even then many stragglers were inevitably left behind. Nowadays all that
-is changed, one man can with the assistance of a good sheep dog do the
-same work much more thoroughly and satisfactorily, and without hustling
-or distressing the sheep themselves.
-
-The systematic training of sheep dogs has indeed accomplished for the
-sheep-rearing hill farmer almost as much in the way of labor-saving as
-the adoption of agricultural machinery has done for the farmer who
-cultivates the lowlands.
-
-The sagacity displayed by a really good sheepdog gathering sheep upon a
-mountain side, often a mile or more away from his master, must be seen
-to be believed. When the farmer goes out to gather his flock for
-shearing or other purposes, far away upon the bleak hillside, little
-clusters of white spots are all that are to be seen. The farmer takes up
-a position upon some point of vantage, gives a word or whistle or
-instruction to his four-footed companion, and the dog bounds away in
-response till he seems no more than a tiny moving speck occasionally
-visible in the distance. Sharp and shrill the farmer’s whistle pierces
-the keen mountain air, and ever and anon, as though by magic, the little
-white dots begin to move and converge towards a common center. In
-response to one signal the sound of the dog’s answering bark can be
-heard; another signal and he drops as though shot, and is as silent as
-the grave. In the dim distance a few small dots can be seen; they are
-some stragglers that have been overlooked; a whistle galvanizes them
-also into motion, but in the wrong direction; a moment later and they
-are merged into one motionless white blot upon the dark mountain side.
-The blot moves again, not quite in the desired direction; whistle
-succeeds whistle in quick succession, and at each one the little moving
-blot alters its course, zig-zagging this way and that, until it finally
-becomes merged in the large white patch that marks the remainder of the
-flock, which keeps on the move, drawing nearer and nearer until the
-sheep take shape and can be seen coming down steadily with the dog
-dodging in their rear, till they are rounded up and brought to a
-standstill within reach of the farmer’s stick. Such a sight is common
-today upon the Welsh mountain or in the Scottish Highlands, though it is
-not given to every man to acquire perfect mastery over his animal; so
-much depends upon both man and dog. A dog belonging to a man who takes
-no interest, or has not the knack and patience necessary to teach him is
-worse than useless. The dog often reflects to a great extent his
-master’s character. An excitable, hasty-tempered man generally has a
-headstrong, willful dog that is hard to control. Some dogs, born of a
-long line of carefully-trained sheep dogs, take to working sheep as
-ducks do to water; a savage, uncontrollable brute, whose only ambition
-seems to be to worry and abuse the sheep, and there are hundreds of such
-animals, is simply a hindrance and a source of trouble to its owner, as
-anyone who is acquainted with sheep and their ways knows full well.
-
-The sheep dog proper must above all things be gentle and patient with
-its often cantankerous charges, yet firm and masterful enough to inspire
-the timid sheep with sufficient sense of fear to cause them to move away
-in another direction at its appearance and approach without creating
-such a panic-stricken stampede. Such strains of dogs are scarce and
-highly prized by their owners, though from the show bench fancier’s
-point of view their often nondescript exterior cannot be classified into
-those niceties of shape and color in which the judge of show dogs
-delight. Many a sheep dog that would not attract a second glance from a
-professional dog judge has won enough in money prizes to turn the whole
-fraternity green with envy.
-
-Such a dog is, for instance, Mr. J. Moses’ “Old Jem,” not beautiful to
-look at, but of sterling quality, which has won for his master over
-$1,000 in cash quite irrespective of the value of himself and his
-progeny.
-
-Sheepdog trials are now held in all parts of the British Empire, Canada,
-New Zealand, Australia; in fact, wherever sheep are reared in any
-quantity.
-
-Perhaps one of the most favorable opportunities the general public has
-of watching one of these absorbingly interesting spectacles is during
-the well-known agricultural show held each year in Lord Rothchild’s
-beautiful park at Tring, England. A description of an actual trial
-witnessed by the writer in these ideal surroundings will give an idea of
-the exciting nature of the tests and high standard of perfection to
-which the numerous entries have to be trained before they can compete
-with the remotest chance of success.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _When “Penning,” the Man Is Allowed to Assist the Dog._
-]
-
-A portion of the vast park, some three-quarters of a mile long and about
-half as wide, remote from the show ground where the exhibits are
-localized, is divided off by a rope fence; this constitutes the course,
-of which thousands can obtain a full and uninterrupted view. The
-competitor takes up his stand near the center with his dog or dogs, for
-there are prizes for two dogs working together as well as for single dog
-trials. The number of sheep that have to be driven round the course is
-three only; this small number greatly increases the difficulties of the
-subsequent maneuvers. Fresh sheep are provided for each competitor,
-usually those of the wild, hardy mountain variety.
-
-At a given signal the animals are released from a cart that is out of
-sight in a clump of trees on a hill some half a mile distant. The dog
-must then locate the sheep, the master remaining in the center of the
-course guiding and directing him by voice or whistle as he chooses. The
-obstacles consist of, first, what is termed “a false fence”; that is to
-say, two short lines of hurdles so placed as to leave a wide gap through
-which the dog must drive the sheep; should he allow them to run round
-the end of one of the lines instead of through the center, the sheep
-must be driven back and another attempt made. The second obstacle is a
-flag-post, round which the sheep must be driven in a circle before being
-conducted through a V-shaped gap made with two hurdles.
-
-If the dog has negotiated these obstacles successfully he will have
-brought his charges to within about a hundred yards of his master.
-Having been successful in bringing the sheep so far, a very different
-task awaits both dog and master at the “Maltese Cross.” At this, and the
-final “penning up” of the sheep, the master is permitted by the rules of
-the trials, to assist his dog personally. The “Maltese Cross” consists
-of two lanes intersecting at right angles, each passage being only just
-sufficiently wide to permit the sheep to pass in single file. It must
-not be imagined that the wild mountain sheep, terrified at their
-unwonted surroundings and the presence of a strange dog, submit tamely
-to being thus driven past alternative openings without strenuous efforts
-to break away and bolt in whichever direction their erratic fancy
-dictates. The master must be on the alert for these attempts, and be
-quick and decisive in giving his dog instruction as to how to frustrate
-these sudden rushes. It is upon the promptitude and correctness with
-which the dog responds to the signals that success or failure depends.
-It is at the cross that the innate perversity of the sheep’s nature
-asserts itself, with the result that the first animal very frequently
-turns down one or other of the cross lanes instead of going straight
-through. When this occurs the other two naturally follow, and all three
-must be induced to negotiate the passage again. Having driven the sheep
-through straight in one direction, the dog and his master must then
-bring them back and run them through the other lane at right angles to
-the original course. Finally, the even more difficult task of “penning
-up” awaits the competitors. The final pen is formed of four hurdles with
-a space just sufficient to admit one sheep at a time left open. The
-slightest over-anxiety on the part of the dog or his master is fatal at
-this stage of the trial. The difficulty of exercising the necessary
-self-restraint will be the more readily realized when one considers that
-it is often a matter of working against time, as should a dog have been
-a little slow or unfortunate in his previous maneuvers he is extremely
-liable to exceed the time limit set for the competition, and thus lose
-the points awarded for penning.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The Sheep Being Driven Through the Maltese Cross._
-]
-
-It cannot be laid down as an infallible rule that the best dog for
-actual field work will always win a competition, so much relies on the
-master and other incidental details which affect the judge’s decision.
-
-The most important consideration from the competitor’s point of view is
-the individuality of the three sheep which the dog is called upon to
-work. Some, when released, are found to be extremely wild, and cause the
-dog a lot of trouble by frantic efforts to escape. Others often adopt an
-aggressive attitude towards the dog, and persist in facing round and
-charging at him instead of allowing themselves to be driven. This type
-of sheep is most exasperating, both to dog and man. Again, many dogs,
-more especially young ones, are excitable by the applause of the
-spectators.
-
-To see sheep dogs work to perfection one should watch them, as the
-writer has been privileged to do, being practiced and trained upon their
-own home ground, where one can realize more fully the practical utility
-of a well-trained dog and the amount of labor which he saves his owner.
-The north of England and some parts of Scotland have always been noted
-for good dogs, the original strain being a cross between the smooth
-collie and the old Scotch bearded collie. These animals are naturally
-hardy, fleet-footed and sagacious, and for real skill in working sheep
-will hold their own against any dogs in the world.
-
-One of the most prominent and successful trainers is Mr. J. Moses, of
-Oswestry, who is manager of Lord Harlech’s Home Farm at Brogyntyn, and
-the accompanying photographs show some of his famous dogs at work on the
-farm. Mr. Moses is a great advocate of teaching a dog to work entirely
-by whistle, instead of giving commands in ordinary language. The great
-advantage of this system is that the dog can hear and recognize the
-signals at a much greater distance, and when once accustomed to them is
-much less liable to misinterpret his master’s meaning than is the case
-when the command is given vocally. Many people seem to find a difficulty
-in training their dogs to work by whistle, but if the system is started
-at the commencement of a young dog’s training he will soon learn to
-appreciate the distinctions of sounds and obey them more readily.
-
-In order to demonstrate the perfect command that my friend had over the
-actions of his dog, even at a great distance, for it must have been over
-three-quarters of a mile, Mr. Moses made “Trim” execute a series of
-maneuvers, instructing the dog to drive the sheep round a telegraph
-post, in and out of two trees, take them back again to the original spot
-in which they were first located, and finally drive them straight up to
-within reach of his master’s stick. Each and every one of these
-evolutions was carried out with such skill, intelligence and obedience
-on the part of the dog that it seemed hard at first to realize that
-“Trim” was actually obeying implicitly his master’s command, and not
-just driving the sheep about for his own pleasure.
-
-The maneuvering of sheep at a distance is a feature in sheepdog trials
-for which more points than are now granted should be given, as it
-demonstrates unmistakably the excellence of the training and also the
-actual utility of a dog for field work. Many dogs are under perfect
-control as long as they are within reach of their master’s stick, but
-cannot be relied upon implicitly when far away; such a dog is obviously
-improperly trained.
-
-Patience and firmness are the keynotes of success in training a sheep
-dog, though everything relies, in the first instance, upon the
-suitability of the dog taken in hand, for good sheep dogs are born as
-well as made, and a well-bred puppy will have a natural instinct for the
-work, which will reveal itself at an early age.
-
-In the next chapter will be found some useful hints on the training of
-the working sheep dog.
-
-
-
-
-                   Training the Working Shepherd Dog
-
-
-Certain technical terms are used in the following article which it may
-be well to explain for the benefit of those not familiar with the
-shepherd’s vocabulary.
-
-1. The “run out” means that the dog is sent away to gather the sheep.
-“Running out” is the act of going for the sheep.
-
-2. “Hauling” in its widest sense means the dog going out for his sheep,
-taking command of them and bringing them to the shepherd. In the
-narrower sense, however, the term is confined to the bringing in of the
-sheep by the dog.
-
-3. “Shedding” means the dividing of a lot of sheep. Supposing, for
-example, a shepherd wishes to separate lambs from their mothers, the act
-of doing so by the dog is called “shedding.”
-
-4. “Wearing” means keeping a sheep from going in the wrong direction.
-Supposing, for example, a sheep bolts up a wrong road, the dog is sent
-to turn it back. Turning back is the “wearing.”
-
-5. A “cut” simply refers to a number of sheep. Supposing, for example, a
-shepherd herds five or six hundred sheep and goes for forty or fifty to
-take them to the market. The number so taken is called a “cut.”
-
-6. “Flying off” means where the dog yields to the sheep instead of
-facing up to them. In “wearing” this is best seen. A dog which will not
-come in close to stubborn sheep, yields to them when pressed, is said to
-“fly off.”
-
-7. A “soft-tempered” dog is one which shows little grit when pressed by
-wild or stubborn sheep. It won’t stand up to them and shows little
-fight, and generally evidence of a soft disposition. The contrary
-expression is “hard tempered,” which means a dog that will not yield to
-wild or stubborn sheep, but will face up to them, and as a last resort
-will even grip and show his teeth and other signs of temper and
-determination.
-
-Believing that some instruction as to the methods employed in the
-training of the working collie will be helpful to those who desire to
-bring out the best gifts with which Nature has endowed this king of all
-utility dogs, we append a few suggestions from the curriculum of Mr. T.
-P. Brown, of Oxton, Berwickshire, Scotland, than whom no one is more
-qualified to speak on this important subject.
-
-In the first place, it must be acknowledged that unless the master has
-himself studied the subject with the utmost care and keen perception,
-success in teaching a dog to work sheep will not fall to his lot. Many a
-good dog has been spoiled in the hands of an unthinking and
-unsympathetic would-be trainer, and, conversely, many a vicious, timid,
-or “wild” dog has been converted by the master hand into a brainy,
-intelligent servant.
-
-With few exceptions, any collie can be taught to work sheep; therefore,
-as a general proposition, it is the man who makes or mars the dog’s
-natural bent.
-
-To achieve the greatest measure of success the sooner one starts the
-elementary first lessons the better. The puppy should be taken in hand
-when three or four months old.
-
-The very first step is to teach him to run up to you. Use a thin, low
-whistle with the lips, and pat and make a fuss of him when he comes up.
-
-The second lesson is to get him to go down quickly. This is best done by
-a hiss. If he does not put his head down, press it gently down with your
-hand. This has generally to be repeated a good many times before he does
-it nicely. Some pups go down of their own accord when they see the
-sheep. This is no real drawback, but as a rule they require a little
-more training to go down _when commanded_, instead of waiting till they
-get to a place where they want to go down.
-
-After the pup has learned to go down nicely, put him down and walk away,
-and see if he will lie still until you give him the whistle to come up,
-and don’t rest satisfied until he does so with alacrity.
-
-When he has learned to do this to please you, begin to stop him half-way
-up, and always see that he puts his head in the proper position. He
-should be proficient in this before he is ever taken to the sheep. No
-pup should ever be taken to the sheep until he is under complete control
-in the run up and lay down. To introduce him to sheep until he has
-thoroughly mastered these simple but highly-important commands has a
-tendency to spoil him and get him into bad habits. No matter how fast he
-is running, if you give him the hiss to stop he should drop like a
-stone; and, on the other hand, he should obey the command to come on
-quickly and without the least hesitation, and on no account should he
-rise until told to do so. To fall and rise when commanded, and _only_
-when commanded, is the most important point in the training of a collie.
-Having progressed so far, the pup should now be taken to the sheep.
-
-If he is off a good working strain, he will either circle away round his
-“quarry” or he will “set” and crawl forward.
-
-If he circles round and goes down, and the sheep do not come away, he is
-apt to lie still, but if you use the call whistle and bring him a little
-forward, then drop him. The sheep will most likely come away, and you
-must take care that he comes straight behind them, and not too quickly.
-
-Don’t use the call whistle very long at first, just a little to get him
-to understand to start the sheep. Get him used to start either with a
-sheep or a short whistle.
-
-If in running up to the sheep he does not go right round, you must go up
-to the sheep and move them in the direction you want them to go. Then
-use the whistle, sound or words by which you want to shift him (some
-trainers say “Keep wide” or “Keep wide, away out,” but it is better to
-use only distinctive whistles).
-
-You should thus keep the sheep moving about, making him move to what
-spot you want. Others use a combination of whistles and signs (motions
-of the arms). This latter method has its advantages when working at a
-distance and under certain climatic conditions.
-
-When the dog has become expert in moving about, teach him to “run out.”
-Don’t try him too far away at first, and if possible let him see the
-sheep.
-
-A perfect run out should be in the form of a good wide circle all the
-way until he gets well behind the sheep. Then he should double back
-behind the sheep when he sees he has them all rounded up, and he should
-be allowed to move them a little before you put him down.
-
-In “haulding” them he should come straight behind the sheep, and not too
-near them. If they come steadily, he should be allowed to follow them
-in. When “haulding” a few sheep, say five, he should bring them in
-straight; but with a large number he should “flank” them from side to
-side in half-moon circles, as by this means he gets them forward in
-better time.
-
-By this time the dog should have learned to go down at a distance from
-the shepherd, a distance which is only restricted by the impossibility
-of hearing the whistle.
-
-In all these processes one requires four different kinds of whistles—one
-for the “call,” one to go out, one to stop and lie down, and one to
-hauld.
-
-To teach a dog “to shed,” get the sheep to pass quietly between yourself
-and the dog several times; the dog during this time must lie down.
-
-Then divide the sheep and give him the call whistle to come in to you,
-and drop him when he is in between the two lots. Then go behind one of
-the lots and press them on to the dog and get him “to wear” and turn
-them to you.
-
-Repeat this several times, and in giving the call whistle make sure that
-he never rises until commanded, for a dog that moves about as the sheep
-move will never be a good “shedder,” as he always mixes the sheep up
-when you are preparing for a “cut.” Be sure also that he shifts every
-time you ask him, and that he turns the sheep in to you, instead of
-flying off them.
-
-At this stage in his education the dog should be approaching his
-complete training. To teach him to come in front of the sheep, draw him
-to you by the call whistle. He will think at first that he is to come in
-to you, but when you see he is far enough past the sheep to give him
-plenty of room to work, give him the whistle to go to the sheep. He will
-then turn and face the sheep, and as he does so drop him there. After
-being several times repeated he will do this as readily as he has
-learned to go round behind the sheep.
-
-The next lesson is to teach him to go from one side to the other,
-passing between you and the sheep.
-
-Let him go half round the sheep, then get him to go forward on the sheep
-from any point he is stopped, by either driving straight from you or
-from the left side to the right side. This feat is most necessary for
-driving away or for pole work at a trial.
-
-The art of wearing a single sheep has not been touched on, because
-unless the dog is naturally gifted with this it is almost impossible to
-make him proficient at it, though one can help him a little.
-
-Much depends on the nerve and compelling power of the dog’s eye. Leave
-him pretty well to his own resources until he has the sheep stopped
-before you drop him.
-
-Some pups are naturally born with tendencies to wearing single sheep,
-including to run too wide or too near, and, worst of all, stopping
-before they go round the sheep. Be guarded to immediately check these
-faults, and remember that command is the most important lesson of all.
-
-One hears a great deal about bad-tempered dogs and soft-tempered ones,
-but it is not so much a display of temper as nervousness. If a dog keeps
-his eye on the sheep, no matter how soft he is in the temper, any
-capable trainer can make him a good dog, but the one who won’t keep his
-eye on the sheep can never become proficient in his service to his lord
-and master.
-
-
-
-
-                              Police Dogs
-
-
-It is admitted on all hands that the dog is capable of training to do
-his master’s bidding in a great many different ways.
-
-Other chapters appear in this work detailing with what purpose he is
-used as an aid to the hunter, sportsman, courser, for the drawing of
-quick-firing guns into the firing line, for ambulance work, for sentry
-duty, as an indispensable aid in all Arctic and Antarctic expeditions,
-to say nothing of the sport certain breeds give us as racing and
-performing dogs.
-
-The purport of this chapter is to indicate with what success he is being
-trained as a branch of the police force. Thousands of dogs, mostly of
-the German and Belgian sheepdog variety, are at this present time
-enrolled in the widely scattered police and other municipal forces of
-America and other countries.
-
-In the training of dogs for this work a special aptitude on the part of
-the “handler” or “guide” is essential. Given a reasonable amount of
-common sense, unlimited patience and an understanding of a dog’s nature,
-success is assured in a large majority of cases.
-
-The police dog trial is an old story so far as Germany, Belgium and
-Holland are concerned. Americans are now taking this highly instructive
-work in hand and the displays create a tremendous amount of enthusiastic
-interest. The objects of such trials are:
-
-1. Obedience exercises.
-
-2. Detective work.
-
-3. Protective work.
-
-The obedience exercises called for are:
-
-1. Heeling on leash.
-
-2. Heeling without leash. The guide turns to right or left. Runs, walks
-and stops with the object of confusing the dog.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The Police Dog is Trained to Attack on Command_
-]
-
-3. Refusing food offered by strangers or thrown or found on the ground.
-The dog is made to lie down both free and in the absence of the guide,
-and he must refuse bread, meat or other tempting morsels of food. Then a
-dish of food is placed within his reach, but he must not touch it under
-penalty of lost points.
-
-4. Guarding objects. This is considered a most important acquisition.
-Every possible effort is made to remove the object by the judge. The dog
-is chained beside the object, which is well within his reach, and he is
-taught to lie down quietly beside it and not to move or growl or show
-his teeth until the judge makes an effort to take the object away
-quietly. If a vigorous attempt is made to snatch the object then the dog
-is to defend it and himself in energetic fashion. Even when the judge
-threatens the dog with a stick, or by coaxing, the faithful tyke will be
-proof against them all. Bad marks are recorded if he gnaws the object or
-otherwise misuses it.
-
-5. Giving “tongue” on command. This must be done continuously on
-command. It is insufficient for him to bark once and imitation barking
-by the guide is forbidden.
-
-6. Retrieving objects weighing two pounds. The dog must sit down quietly
-and await instructions. Then he must bring it coming over a fence or
-hedge promptly and sit down again before his guide until relieved of the
-object. The varying heights of the fence or wall provide a number of
-diverse exercises in the retrieving lesson.
-
-9. Scaling wall.
-
-10. Going ahead. The guide walks across the trial ground with the dog at
-heel. On command the dog runs ahead in the direction given to a distance
-of about 30 yards. He shall “drop” immediately on command and stay there
-until told to rise.
-
-11. Lying down. The dog is shown free in this exercise and immediately
-on command he must rise and go away.
-
-The detective work is conducted as follows:
-
-1. Searching for objects left by a stranger at the end of a trail of 250
-yards long and half an hour old. The trailer proceeds on a track,
-directed by the judge, walk at his natural pace and at the end of the
-trail stand still for one minute, wipe his feet well on the ground,
-place the object between his footprints and then take the shortest cut
-to a place again directed by the judge. An interesting variation of this
-is provided by the object being placed thirty yards away from the end of
-trail and at right angles thereto.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Police Dog Scaling Fence 8 ft. 6 in. High_
-]
-
-2. Search for object left by a stranger on a trail 500 yards long, and
-barking at the trailer when found. This is done both with the dog free
-and also when on leash ten yards long, and it is particularly desirable
-that the dog be taught to bark on finding the object or person
-discovered.
-
-The protective work comprises:
-
-1. Scouting over ground and barking at any large object found. The dog
-follows the direction indicated by the guide and covers the ground
-carefully, searching every nook and corner not so as to encircle the
-guide at a short distance. Three hiding places are provided. As soon as
-the dog finds the hidden person he is taught to watch him and by barking
-attract the guide’s attention.
-
-2. Transporting “prisoner” without nipping. When found, the dog follows
-behind the “prisoner” quietly without barking or nipping. Any object
-dropped inconspicuously must be picked up at once by the dog and brought
-to the guide, then continue the transport without waiting for the
-command. If the “prisoner” attempts to escape, or attacks the guide, the
-dog must attack him immediately, without waiting for command to do so.
-During these attacks the “prisoner” shoots twice into the air.
-
-3. Watching the “prisoner” quietly when latter is quiet.
-
-4. Arresting and holding the “prisoner” on attempted flight. The
-“prisoner” attempts to drive the dog away with blows or a whip or by
-throwing pieces of wood at him. The dog must watch him alone and twice
-stop an attempted flight. As soon as the “prisoner” is quiet the dog
-must leave him alone and watch him until the guide returns.
-
-A high percentage of points are given for general obedience.
-
-The whole attitude of the dog is taken into consideration especially
-between the different exercises if he remains at heel; also how he
-controls himself between the exercises toward the “prisoner,” and
-whether he needs holding in check by the collar and in other ways
-indicates that he understands when he is on duty and when he is not.
-
-Unquestionably these trials throw a good deal of light on the training
-of dogs used by the Continental nations for war purposes as well as for
-police work, and it is hoped that greater facilities will be given for
-such in other parts of the world.
-
-
-
-
-                 The Hunting World and the Use of Dogs
-
-
-It is to the Normans that the English-speaking races of the earth today
-owe their hunting hounds in all their varieties. The Talbot hound was
-introduced into England at the time of the conquest by William the
-First.
-
-All are not agreed as to the color of these Talbot hounds. Somervile,
-the great sporting poet, describes them as “white as Alpine snows.”
-There is, however, reason to believe that they are invariably of a
-reddish tan and often with a black saddle. In form, color and shape they
-are very much like the English bloodhound of today; indeed, that noble
-animal is supposed to be the bedrock of all the breeds of hunting hounds
-that are now in use the world over; and this because of that sentiment
-and recognition of the variety as the chief pillar or the stay of
-several of the most valued breeds, that the bloodhound is placed first
-in the stud books of England and America, and the breed is number one in
-the catalogues of the all-round dog shows everywhere.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _English Foxhounds in Full Cry_
-]
-
-It was and is desirable that the head of a hunting hound should be of
-the above description—that is, if a close-hunting, unerring hound is
-required to hunt singly, rather than in a pack. The formation of the
-head above described, is one that is “made” for the purposes of hunting;
-and in such a head are to be found the highly developed olfactory nerves
-which communicate with the brain and actually inform the hound when he
-strikes the scent of an animal and whether the effluvium is recent or
-old.
-
-It is the gloriousness and health-giving surroundings that have made the
-chase so popular with nearly all peoples, and that is the reason hounds
-are bred with such care and may generally be found in the ownership of
-the well-to-do and the high personages of the world.
-
-In the early days the English pursued the chase on foot, and their
-objects of pursuit appear to have been principally the wild boar and the
-wolf. The Anglo-Normans might be considered as the more polished, more
-noble, and more scientific hunters, and they introduced that powerful
-and pleasant assistant in the chase—the horse—as well as a great variety
-of objects of pursuit. They chased the stag, the roebuck, the fox, the
-hare, etc., and hunting the less dangerous animals seems to have
-constituted their principal amusements; though the wolf and the boar
-occasionally occupied their attention, and in all these branches of the
-hunt dogs of varying degree were used.
-
-Every village in England has its beagles, and nothing is more enjoyable
-than an old-fashioned fox hunting, or chase, where hounds belonging to
-many owners are packed together, and, jumping a fox, they run him for
-hours on end, their glorious music resounding throughout the woods and
-delighting the ear of the sportsman. The American foxhound appears to
-have more of the old harrier or English southern hound blood in him than
-is allowed to remain in the hound of the English. There are some
-broad-headed and long-eared and heavy-lipped hounds in the United States
-which remind the observer of the hounds of France and other Continental
-countries—hounds that still bear a good deal of resemblance to the old
-Talbot hounds—the hounds of the Normans. Finer and finer the English
-bred their hounds as stag hunting gave way to fox hunting. The old
-staghound was only one remove from the Talbot, and he was a big and
-picturesque creature and these hounds are to be found in France today.
-
-Hunting is a foremost sport all over the world, and there can be little
-wonder that the spirit and standing of the peoples may be gauged from
-the quality of their hounds. The panoply of the chase is among the more
-glorious sights of the world, and in the pursuance of the various sports
-connected with hounds, large and small, a vast amount of money is spent,
-and a large number of persons employed, in the piping times of peace.
-
-The beagle should be 15 inches or under, measured across the withers. If
-he is ever that height he becomes a harrier; and a harrier over 19
-inches becomes a foxhound, and a foxhound standing 24 inches at the
-shoulders and 30 inches round his girth is indeed a splendid creature
-and a beautifully proportioned one to boot. The hound is indeed a beauty
-and a joy forever!
-
-In England alone there are more than 800 packs of hunting dogs. Roughly,
-there are 326 owners of hunts or hunting establishments in France. Some
-of these hunts have 50 or 60 couples. In Belgium foxhounds are kept, and
-the chief packs of hounds in Germany are the Royal Hounds, at Potsdam,
-and the Hanover Hounds. They both hunt the drag and the boar. The
-conditions of hunting in Austria and Hungary are much better than in
-Germany. It is a good wild country and full of foxes. The Roman hounds
-are world renowned. Fox hunting was introduced into Italy by Lord
-Chesterfield in 1842, and the sport has flourished ever since. In Spain
-the Calpa foxhounds show much sport in the vicinity of Gibraltar.
-
-In the United States there are about forty well-known and properly
-established packs of foxhounds. Throughout the Indian Empire there are
-numerous packs, many of them being of the bobbery or mixed kind. The
-jackal is the most frequently hunted animal. The Bombay Hounds are the
-chief pack in India.
-
-In South Africa the jackal is hunted with foxhounds, and a single hound
-is used to drive buck to the rifle or gun. American foxhounds have
-recently been introduced to British East Africa for the purposes of
-hunting lion. These hounds have been of great use in bagging such large
-and dangerous game, and in the case of cheetah and other tree-climbing
-animals, the American foxhounds have not had the slightest difficulty in
-driving their quarry at such a pace and with so much persistence that
-the large cat is glad to see the supposed shelter of a thorn or other
-tree standing out like a sentinel on the vast expanse of plains.
-
-The foxhound, the harrier and the beagle are also of great use in Africa
-for driving certain of the antelope, which keep in the bush, to the gun,
-and a good deal of sport may be had in some of the rivers otter hunting,
-and when otter hunting, a monitor, or huge lizard-like creature, is
-often started in a swamp, and the reptile, taking to the water like an
-otter, he will provide a good deal of sport. The otters in the Eastern
-province of South Africa are plentiful and of good size. The rivers are
-very huntable, for they are not deep and there is no great width or
-volume of water at certain seasons of the year. There is much sport to
-be had on the Mooi River, in Natal, where a pack of pure-bred otter
-hounds is kept. And these hounds will not only hunt the water dog but
-the aforesaid African monitor. Everywhere the hound is useful and
-especially is this the case in a big and open country like Africa, where
-a dog is required to be not only a hunter, but a guard and a friend.
-
-In Australia there is a good deal of hunting and the Melbourne hunt is a
-well-organized institution. Australia is a country in which all animal
-life increases and multiplies rapidly. In 1864 one dog fox and two
-vixens were imported from England. There soon became enough foxes in
-Victoria to last the colony, now the province, forever. But red deer and
-kangaroos are sometimes hunted with foxhounds, and in Western Australia,
-in the neighborhoods of Freemantle, Perth and Kalgoorlie, there has been
-much sport experienced in hunting the brush-tailed kangaroos. This form
-of hunting was introduced by Mr. Cairns Candy in the late nineties.
-
-In Tasmania, the island province off the main Australian continent,
-there is some hunting with properly constituted and maintained packs of
-hounds. In this lovely country, noted for its apples and the matchless
-complexions of its pretty women, they hunt deer and hare. In New Zealand
-there is a good deal of hunting, and harriers are principally in use.
-There is a fine open country, and that in the North Island will remind
-the hunting man of some of the shires of England.
-
-The hounds of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia have been discussed,
-and now we will find ourselves back in America. And this country may
-well be proud of its old-fashioned, long-eared, heavy-jawed and
-deep-throated foxhounds. That American foxhounds are suitable for
-hunting American foxes, and where foxes are shot before hounds, there
-can be no manner of doubt; but they do not kill many foxes, neither may
-this killing quality be placed to the credit of the English foxhounds in
-this country. Once a fox is able to sit down and listen to his pursuers,
-then a foxhound or a pack of foxhounds have as much chance of overtaking
-the quarry as a short-winged hawk has of catching a swallow on the wing.
-A century ago, it is recorded, it was not unusual in South Carolina to
-drive out of one large swamp, deer, wolves, bears, foxes, wildcats and
-wild turkeys. The sportsmen were ready to shoot all of these.
-
-In descriptive poetry of the earliest date, hunting is frequently
-alluded to; even in the most important action of the whole Iliad, the
-death of Hector, the pursuit of him by Achilles is thus introduced:
-
-     “As through the forest, o’er the vale and lawn,
-     The well-breathed beagle drives the flying fawn,
-     In vain he tries the coverts of the brakes,
-     Or deep beneath the trembling thicket shakes,
-     Sure of the vapor in the tainted dews,
-     The certain hound his various maze pursues.”
-                                                           —_Pope._
-
-
-
-
-                 The Gun and Coursing Dogs of the World
-
-
-If there be one study in connection with dogs more interesting than
-another, it must be that which has reference to the gun dogs and the
-coursing dogs of the world. Since time immemorial, dogs have been used
-by man for certain purposes and those which he has bred, maintained and
-improved for his services, have kept time with the ever-changing methods
-whereby the human is able to obtain and have for himself the beasts of
-the field and the birds of the air. The first men who went after game
-hunted it for food; and they very soon found out the most suitable dogs
-for their purposes and they bred and produced dogs for different kinds
-of work. It is fair to write that no domestic animals are better
-represented throughout the world than are thoroughbred dogs of one kind
-or another. The pure-breeds are to be found in countries that are
-foreign to their varieties, and what is more, they are highly and justly
-prized by their owners and even the very community in which the imported
-dog has its new being. For let it be known, there are less distinctions
-than owning a superior dog, and as these dogs are capable of reproducing
-themselves, and both the males and females are prolific breeders, there
-is almost at once, or within one year, established in the kennel of the
-new land the high-blooded and moreover most useful dogs of other
-nations. And that is the reason that wherever we may go we shall
-probably find the particularly good gun dogs of Great Britain. These
-consist of the pointer, the English, Irish and Gordon setters, the
-retrievers and the Labrador or Lesser Newfoundland dogs, and the various
-spaniels, which have all been practically made perfect in the British
-Isles and distributed to the four corners of the earth. Dogs have been
-produced that will hunt as well in one country as another; but one can
-generally find that dogs—gun dogs and coursing dogs—are mostly chosen
-with an eye to the environment in which they will have to hunt.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _A Fine Group of Gun Dogs._
-]
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The Hunter and His Dog_
-]
-
-Both the pointer and the spaniel originally came from Spain, so it is
-said. But the original Spanish pointer was too heavy and slow in his
-pace for the English gunner, so he was crossed with the lighter
-foxhound, and it is even said with the greyhound, so that he should be
-more active and able to cover his ground better. Furthermore, the
-heavy-headed Spanish pointer had the kind of head and lips that proclaim
-a hunting dog that is inclined to keep his nose to the ground, rather
-than carry it highly and thus better obtain the body scent of birds and
-other game in the distance. The setter was originally the large spaniel,
-and was taught to “set” or sit down when he had come upon birds, so that
-the game could be encompassed by the fall-net, or the hawk or falcon
-might have the better opportunity to fly at her quarry. When the small
-pellets of lead were invented and the shotgun first used then the
-setters of the netters and falconers became gun dogs, and as such we
-will find pointers, setters, retrievers and spaniels of English origin
-in every country where the sportsman may be found. Gun and coursing dogs
-are not only imported into America as workers but as show dogs, and in
-the great majority of cases these dogs are thoroughly broken or trained
-as well as being good to look upon. Then these gun dogs may compete at
-the various field trials now run off all over Europe, the United States
-and Canada, or even South Africa, or at the coursing meetings in every
-country of the world. The coursing dog is found most useful in Canada,
-especially in the prairie provinces, where coyotes are destructive and a
-curse to the sheepman and even the horse breeder, for a pack of prairie
-wolves will attack and kill a foal. As a part and parcel of the farm,
-the ranch, the station and estancia the gun dog and the coursing dogs
-are invaluable. Pointers, setters, spaniels and retrievers are useful
-under all circumstances, and they perform the same work in all climates
-and under the various and dissimilar conditions. In some countries
-pointers are preferred to setters; but, on inquiry, it will generally be
-found that the alleged fitness of one variety of dog over the other, is
-merely a matter of taste or “fancy.” A man who owns setters prefers
-setters; the individual who possesses pointers has a preference for
-pointers. ’Tis his fancy—his hobby, and that gentle leaning towards one
-breed often means the fellow’s antipathy to another breed.
-
-In a land or country that has been indifferently cultivated or is wild,
-there are several kinds of burrs that inconveniently fall at the very
-time when the hunting or shooting season begins. Some say that the
-pointer, because of his short coat, will not be so troubled with these
-prickles as will the long-coated setter, which is feathered on the legs
-and picks up the burrs wherever he may go. On the other hand, the setter
-admirer avows that the feathered and better protected foot of the setter
-saves him from being lamed so often as the clean and unprotected footed
-pointer. So it will be seen that these preferences are mostly imaginary
-and may be traced to fancy.
-
-On the Continent of Europe we find many kinds of most useful dogs; but
-both the pointers and setters are only modifications of the old hunting
-dogs that came from Spain. There are rough-haired and smooth-coated
-pointers in Germany, and they are very handsome animals with excellent
-formation and with hunting qualities of the highest order. The griffons
-of France, Holland and Belgium are particularly good dogs; rough and
-ready in appearance, with excellent brains and great scenting powers. In
-him we will recognize a lot of hound blood which may have come from the
-otterhound or the hounds of Vendée. But they are just the sort of dogs
-that a man wants for rough-shooting in the woods or swamps. The griffon
-is an active dog, does not throw his tongue when immediately close to
-game or in sight of it, as does the hound. The griffon makes a good
-woodcock, “partridge” and duck dog; and as such he has been found of the
-greatest use in America. The griffon is a good dog in the water as well
-as on land, and in this way he proves himself a thoroughly serviceable
-all-round sporting dog. The wolf-hounds of Russia are most useful dogs,
-and as their name foretells, they are used as wolf-coursing dogs. Three
-are slipped to the wolf after he has been driven from cover by foxhounds
-or beaters. When they come up with their game they bump into the quarry
-and at the right moment lay hold of the beast by the neck and hold him
-until the hunter arrives and either dispatches the game with a pistol or
-knife, or placing a stick in the wolf’s jaws, twists a rope around the
-muzzle and neck, and thus preventing him from accomplishing any harm,
-captures the creature alive and practically uninjured. The Russian
-wolf-hound is the best killer of any of the coursing dogs. Like a
-bulldog, he holds on to what he seizes; his jaws are very powerful, and
-it is because of this tenacity that the Russian wolf-hound, or borzoi,
-as he is frequently called, is used for crossing purposes on the English
-greyhound and the Scottish deerhound or on the progeny of these two
-breeds, for the purpose of producing what is known as the “long dog” of
-the Canadian prairies, where he is used principally for coursing and
-killing the coyote. The Russian wolf-hound has also been successfully
-crossed on to the deerhound in Australia, either for straight out
-kangaroo dogs or dingo killers. The Russian wolf-hound goes to the
-throat of his enemy, and such a dog is required for the prompt killing
-of dingoes. The long and strong limbs of the kangaroo are means of
-defense, both as propelling powers in his long and swift bounds or jumps
-and for fighting when it comes to the more serious defense as against
-dingoes or the domesticated dogs, hence the kangaroo dog is taught to
-attack from behind.
-
-The slugi or greyhounds of Arabia, Persia and Egypt may be noticed. In
-these we will find small examples of the Russian wolf-hound, but they
-have down or setterlike ears as opposed to the half-cocked or fully
-pricked ears of the Northern dogs. The dogs of the near East have
-generally long feet and these are feathered, as are their ears, legs and
-tails. They are used to course antelopes and hares, and one of the most
-ancient of sports is to not only course the antelope with these slugi,
-but at the same time fly hawks at the fleeing buck, which has the
-advantage over the dogs in sandy places and over stony or rocky ground.
-The big and somewhat picturesque greyhounds of Afghanistan are large
-dogs much after the form of the near Eastern dogs; they are used for the
-same purposes, and because of their surroundings in high altitudes, they
-grow large and woolly coats to aid them against the vicissitudes of the
-cold climate. In India, indeed, all over Asia, the different gun dogs
-generally associated with the British Isles are used and they cannot
-very well be done without on the small feathered game which is
-plentiful. In Japan and China the pheasant shooting is very good, and
-Americans who have gone over to shoot in those countries have taken
-their dogs from this country with them and have found them to accomplish
-all that was required of them.
-
-If we leave Asia and continue our wanderings and huntings to the South,
-and reach Africa, we will find plenty of work for our hunting hounds,
-our coursing dogs and gun dogs. The slugi or greyhounds were the most
-valued dogs of the Pharoahs. In the ancient monuments the dogs’ places
-are at the sides of some great personage. It would appear that the
-tastes of the Egyptians of old were exactly those of the ancient
-Britons, for there is an old Welsh saying which states that “a gentleman
-is known by his horse, his hawk and his greyhound.” The slugi in its
-native or home state is now principally to be found in its purity among
-the Bedouin Arabs. They place the greatest value on these dogs, and they
-are as difficult to obtain from the wandering Arabs as are their
-thoroughbred horses. Furthermore, there is an Arab saying that the most
-valued of all things among the highest of these nomads and hunters are
-“his horse, his slugi and his wife’s earrings.” The Arabian greyhounds
-are primarily valuable for coursing antelope in sandy countries and
-where the sun is felt with all his power. They also thrive in temperate
-climates.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Incident in a Waterloo Coursing Meeting_
-]
-
-Our old friends the pointers and setters are used in Northern Africa, as
-they are in the South and the East, the West and Central of that
-enormous and game-holding country. American foxhounds have been found
-most useful running on the trail of the lion; furthermore, they have the
-good sense to keep away from the great cat when it comes to close
-quarters. These hounds will soon tree a cheetah and the rifles or the
-arrows of the natives will accomplish the rest. In Africa, generally,
-there is much bird life, as that term applies to partridges, snipe,
-quail, etc. In that country there are several small and dangerous
-snakes; but it has been found that the dogs’ sagacity has been such that
-they, of their own initiation, immediately become alive to the dangerous
-natures of these reptiles and that they will return to the shooter when
-they get near a snake, either in the grass or on a branch overhead.
-Greyhounds are used in Africa for coursing the smaller bucks and hares,
-and such dogs, fleet of foot and able to run down an antelope, may be
-bartered “up-country” for produce of great value, the natives,
-especially the chiefs of powerful tribes—practically nations—having been
-known to give mining and other concessions where first class dogs have
-been given as presents.
-
-There is a great deal of variety in the Australian shooting and the bush
-life of that lovely country is entrancing for the lover of nature and
-the observer of mammals and birds. Pointers and setters are used in just
-the same way as they are anywhere else. Quail are plentiful and the
-varieties of numbers of wild fowl are beautiful and often countless. As
-for hares, in some places they are almost as common as the rabbits; and
-hares are three times more prolific in that balmy country than they are
-in climes north of the equator in Europe and America. Coursing is a
-great sport there and is a means of much speculating or wagering among
-Australians and New Zealanders. New Zealand in many climatic instances
-and country surroundings is very much like England, and game has been
-imported and the different societies and clubs have done much to
-acclimatize, breed and protect game. Here is a country where springer
-spaniels could be more in evidence and worked with advantage. A good
-trade should spring up between New Zealand and California for gun dogs
-and greyhounds. The passage is one of less than three weeks, and the
-freight inconsiderate. All over South America gun dogs and greyhounds
-are required. There is some shooting in New Guinea, but the bush is very
-dense and the natives not always agreeable to the visitation of the man
-with a gun. Some very nice dogs are to be found in the Hawaiian Islands,
-notably at ever-glorious and salubrious Honolulu, the Paradise of the
-Pacific. And within a few days’ hail is the Golden Gate and the
-ever-bountiful lands that slope down to the North Pacific and the
-longed-for port by the voyagers from the far East and the farther South.
-Here, of course, we will find gun dogs in great variety, and many
-greyhounds. Some years ago several of the best running dogs in England
-were imported by sportsmen in California. And that stock is in the
-Golden State now. Gun dogs are not only esteemed as gun dogs or for
-their work, but also for their good looks. The English setter is bred in
-all his attractive loveliness and usefulness all the way up the Pacific
-Coast as far as British Columbia. And it is in the last mentioned
-province that some of the most beautiful of the blue-ticked, long and
-silver silk-like coated setting dogs have been bred. Taking the whole of
-the North American Continent we will find it one abiding place for gun
-dogs of the highest merit; and as it is well known, Americans and
-Canadians have always been circumspect and generous in their
-importations of gun dogs from Europe, and, consequently, have possessed
-themselves of specimens that are not only good to look upon, but easy to
-train and delightful to shoot over.
-
-
-
-
-                    Whippet Dogs and Whippet Racing
-
-
-The whippet is a greyhound-like dog, and is the fastest of all dogs at
-his weight or height. In some instances they have been crossed with
-Italian greyhounds, but these alliances are apt to bring about inferior
-whippets for racing or catching rabbits, either on their own ground or
-at rabbit-coursing or snap-dog matches. In rabbit-coursing, where the
-rabbits have previously been caught and turned down on unknown ground
-(to the rabbit) before a brace of whippets, it is the dog _that catches_
-the rabbit that wins the course, and the winner of the majority of a
-given number of courses wins the wager for its owner or connections.
-Snap-dog coursing—that is, running rabbits down with whippets in small
-and enclosed places, the rabbit being given little “law,” is not
-considered a sportsmanlike action, and is practiced only as a means of
-gambling. Whippets have long been declared a pure breed, and this dog
-was first recognized as such by the English Kennel Club.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The Whippet_
-]
-
-Whippet racing is an old sport and the pastime of working men in
-England. He has been called the poor man’s race-horse, as indeed he is,
-the dog providing sport and a means of speculation for men of slender
-means. Whippet racing is carried on right through the year in the
-Northwest and North of England. Of late years it has become a great
-sport in London and its suburbs, the principal handicaps being run off
-every other Sunday forenoons at Walthamstow. Whippet racing was
-patronized by the late King Edward VII of England, at the Ranelagh Club
-grounds, London, and the leading “country club” of its kind in the
-United Kingdom. Whippet racing has long been a sport in Belgium, France
-and Germany. Dog racing was also introduced into South Africa during the
-end of the last century, and valuable handicaps are run off on the
-diamond and gold fields. Whippet racing was first favored in the United
-States by the English operatives in the cotton mills in New England,
-especially in Massachusetts. The sport has been well and continuously
-conducted at country clubs around Boston and Philadelphia, which has put
-the pastime on a society basis. There is no cruelty in whippet racing.
-The dog is held on his mark by the neck and root of tail, and, starting
-off at pistol fire, the object of his run of 200 yards or less being a
-towel held by the runner-up—usually someone he knows—who stands, holloas
-and waves the “rag,” as it is called, 10 yards beyond the winning line
-or mark. The dogs are handicapped according to their weight or height.
-The latter is not a popular mode and it is the weight of a dog that is
-considered practically everywhere. Roughly, it can be reckoned that a
-dog of say 16 pounds is 2½ to 3 yards faster than a 15–pound dog. A
-bitch is keener than a dog. The handicap scale given in this description
-of the whippet was arranged by Freeman Lloyd and is largely in use
-throughout the world.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Finish in an Old-time Whippet Race Meeting_
-]
-
-A whippet track may be easily laid out on grass, race track, show or
-fair ground. It must be 220 yards straight. If it is over, so much the
-better. The further the onlookers are kept off the track the more they
-can see, and they will not interfere with the dogs running. The whippets
-are entered, their names, weights, colors and owners being given. Each
-owner pays an entry fee for each dog and these fees are generally made a
-sweepstake and the purse divided between the first, second and third
-dogs in the final heat. The dogs must be weighed before they run and an
-allowance is made of 4 ounces or 8 ounces either way in their stated
-weight. The handicap is run off in heats, the number of dogs in each
-heat varying according to the entry and the duration of the racing.
-Heats may be run off like clockwork, one lot of dogs starting off as the
-others are finishing; or it may be delayed when the number of dogs is
-limited. If 40 dogs are entered and an afternoon’s sport desired they
-can be run off in heats of four dogs each. There would be then 10
-winners of heats to run off in the semi-finals, which could be either
-two heats of five each or, better still, three heats with two fours and
-one of three dogs. The two winners, or the three winners of the
-semi-finals, must be run off in the final. Taking the three semi-finals
-for choice, there would be run off altogether 14 races, which would
-occupy about two hours. The owner of the second may challenge the weight
-of the winner, immediately after the final is run. The dog is then
-allowed 6 ounces to the usual allowance made before the running of its
-first heat.
-
-Here is a plan of a track. If possible, the dogs should run so that the
-sun shall not be in their faces.
-
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+------------------------------------+------------+
- |  |  |  |  |  |  |                                    |            |
- |  |  |  |  |  |  |             200 Yards              |  10 Yards  |
- |  |  |  |  |  |  |                                    |            |
- +--+--+--+--+--+--+------------------------------------+------------+
- Handicap Marks                                       Winning       Over
-                                                        Mark        Mark
-
-The dogs run in colors, strips of narrow ribbon being tied around their
-necks. These are of red, white, blue, yellow, green and black. On the
-race card the shade of the dog’s racing color is noted in the
-preliminary heats. In the semi-final and final heats the back or scratch
-dog wears the red collar, the next the white, the next the blue, and so
-on. If the red dog is first over the winning line, where the judge
-stands, the judge raises a red flag. Whatever color wins so is a flag of
-the same color held aloft by the official whose ruling is final. Each
-“runner-up” must be behind the over or trig mark before his dog crosses
-the winning line. If dogs start when the cap is fired, but there is no
-powder explosion, it is no start. But if all dogs go fairly away, it is
-a start. Dead heats must be run off excepting in the final, where owners
-may agree to divide. If a dog is disqualified, the second dog takes his
-place in the records. No live bait allowed with the runner-up, and all
-dogs are subject to inspection by the officials. It is recommended that
-only whippets of 25 pounds or under be raced. The bigger dogs are often
-given to savaging or “slapping,” and appear ungainly among a lot of
-small dogs. The back dog in every heat must run the whole of the 200
-yards, or whatever smaller course is used.
-
-
-STARTS FOR DOGS AND BITCHES OF DIFFERENT WEIGHTS IN 200 YARDS HANDICAP.
-
-When a dog wins at a handicap he must be penalized according to the
-judgment of the handicapper. The following handicap would put each dog
-or bitch on equal terms, providing all the dogs were exactly of the same
-calibre or of equal racing powers—barring their weights:
-
-  Wt. of Dog or Bitch—Lbs. Start for Dogs, Yd. Start for Bitches, Yd.
-                        28                   1                      0
-                        27                   2                      1
-                        26                   3                      2
-                        25                   4                      3
-                        21                   5                      4
-                        23                   6                      5
-                        22                   7                      6
-                        21                   8                      7
-                        20                  9½                     7½
-                        19                  11                      8
-                        18                 12½                     9½
-                        17                  14                     11
-                        16                  16                     13
-                        15                 18½                    14½
-                        14                 21½                     17
-                        13                 24½                     20
-                        12                 27½                    23½
-                        11                  31                    26½
-                        10                  35                     30
-                         9                  39                     34
-                         8                  43                     38
-                         7                  47                     43
-                         6                  52                     48
-                         5                  58                     54
-
-A dog covering 200 yards in 12 seconds gallops at the rate of 16 yards
-24 inches a second; in 13 seconds, 15 yards 14 inches, and in 14
-seconds, 14 yards 10⅓ inches.
-
-
-
-
-                        The Sled Dogs of Alaska
-
-
-Between the laborer who earns his daily bread by the sweat of his brow,
-and the spoiled favorite of fortune who neither toils nor spins, there
-is not more difference than between the workers of the North—the Sled
-Dogs of Alaska—and the pampered, fur-coated, jewel-hung dogs “in
-society”; dogs who have their silk-lined baskets, their gold-mounted
-toilet articles, and the exclusive services of a personal attendant. But
-“Dogs is Dogs,” and the unhappy accident of birth that gives to such a
-dog the humiliating experience of having his teeth brushed by a maid, or
-a massage of cold cream after a bath in a silver-plated tub, should not
-be held against him—for he may still retain some of his admirable,
-lovable canine qualities through the human veneer.
-
-A dog’s intelligence and his faithful, affectionate nature are his chief
-assets in his association with man; and if he preserves these in spite
-of his artificial surroundings as a mere toy, his development along
-those lines is almost unlimited when he becomes a co-worker with his
-master, and a devoted comrade through adversity and peril.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Incident in the Ziegler Polar Expedition, 1903–5_
-  _Mr. Anthony Fiala with His Dog Teams—Lat. 82° N._
-]
-
-Far beyond the Aleutian Islands, which stretch a grim barrier between
-the North Pacific and Bering Sea, almost to the bleak coast of Siberia,
-there lies that part of Alaska not familiar to the average tourist. The
-Alaska of primeval forests, of great, almost unknown rivers, of vast
-areas of snow and ice that reach to the desolate shore of the Arctic—the
-Alaska of the Dogs; and here in the “Land that God forgot,” the dog
-holds a unique place as an indispensable factor in the settlement of the
-country.
-
-He discovered the North Pole with Peary; he discovered the South Pole
-and the Northwest Passage, too, with Amundsen; and he played a pathetic
-yet heroic part in the brave, if futile, efforts of Captain Scott to
-reach his goal; just as he has ever played well his role of support to
-those who have sought to penetrate the trackless wastes at the ends of
-the earth.
-
-Late in October, usually under leaden skies, nearly the entire
-population of Nome stands upon a dreary beach watching the last boat of
-the open season, the “Victoria,” steam slowly out through a sea already
-heavy with young ice, and disappear in the misty grayness of the
-horizon. The parting salute of the ship’s siren has been answered by all
-of the town whistles; and then as if to add the fitting climax to the
-gloom of the occasion, it seems that every dog within hearing raises his
-voice to join in a mournful farewell chorus—a blood-curdling wail that
-is characteristic of these Northern dogs with their strong wolf strain.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _A Typical Scene in the Arctic Regions_
-]
-
-But the people look with kindly eyes upon them, and even listen with
-kindly ears—for they know that every letter, paper, and magazine from
-now till the middle of June, will be brought in over fifteen hundred
-miles of ice and snow and frozen sea, by the United States Government
-Dog Team Mail; and that, except for the wireless system, all of the news
-from the great world “outside,” from family and friends, depends upon
-these Postmen of the Silent Trails. They go where soft snow and other
-conditions make it impossible to use horses. No service is too lowly, no
-mission too high. They pull the baby in his tiny sled, are the means of
-delivery for the merchant, and they carry the doctor and priest to the
-bedside of the sick or dying in some lonely, distant cabin.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Eskimo family and malamute—At Home._
-]
-
-Owing to the prohibitive tax rate on railroads which traverse
-practically uninhabited districts in Seward Peninsula—a tax which has
-only been abolished within the past few months—dogs have become the
-motive power instead of engines; and in place of the “toot-toot” of the
-locomotive as it takes a freight train out to the mines with supplies,
-there is the “bow-wow” of the dog team “Kougarok Limited” or the “Little
-Creek Express” as it starts down the track with a loaded flat car.
-
-As to “joy riding,” the “Pupmobile” has every automobile completely
-outclassed when it comes to the maximum of joy, and the minimum of
-danger. Given a winter night when the frosty air brings the tingling
-blood to cheek and finger tip, when the glittering stars seem close
-above one’s head in the clear sky, and when the trail glistens like a
-silver ribbon in the ghostly radiance of the Northern Lights, it is a
-phlegmatic person indeed who does not feel the thrill of excitement and
-delight that animates the dogs as they strain in their harness to be
-away for a spin across the snows.
-
-Then there is the famous All Alaska Sweepstakes race each April from
-Nome on Bering Sea, to Candle on the Arctic Ocean and return, a distance
-of 408 miles; and the dogs as well as the men who have won their laurels
-in this contest are the sort of men and dogs who are making the History
-of Alaska—who are creating an Empire from a Wilderness.
-
-There are two types of dogs used in the race. The Siberians, small,
-prick-eared, with bushy tails curled up over their backs, and with
-apparently decided traces of the fox; and the Alaskans who are of mixed
-breeds—setters, pointers, collies, hounds or what not—with a more or
-less pronounced wolf strain inherited from the McKenzie River Huskie or
-coast Malamute.
-
-Both types have their staunch supporters, and for excellent reasons—for
-both possess wonderful qualities that endear them to dog users and dog
-lovers. The Siberians have not the speed, and many claim not the
-responsiveness and intelligence of the Alaskans—but they are gentle,
-tractable, easy to handle and are able to travel more steadily and with
-less rest than the others.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _Dubby, a McKenzie River huskie, of the Allan and Darling Kennel,
-    whose wonderful intelligence, and a record of over thirty thousand
-    miles in harness, established his reputation as one of the greatest
-    leaders Alaska has ever known._
-]
-
-The amount of rest in the race is a question of judgment with the
-driver, who must decide how much he can afford to take himself, and give
-his dogs without the unnecessary loss of a moment; but as he must return
-with every dog—dead or alive—with which he started, it is to his
-greatest advantage to keep them in the very best of condition. At every
-road-house and relay camp where they stop for food and sleep, it is
-“Dogs First,” no driver thinking of himself till his team is fed,
-rubbed, and bedded. When they are tired or foot-sore, they ride in turn
-upon the sled, recuperating quickly in this way. Little moccasins of
-canton flannel are carried to be used on hard trails, and veils of black
-or green mosquito netting are placed over the dogs’ eyes if the glare of
-the sun is too dazzling.
-
-In the Sweepstakes of 1910, John Johnson, a Russian Finn, driving a team
-of Siberians entered by Colonel Charles Ramsay of London, came in first.
-The weather had been ideal, the trail perfect, and they had broken all
-records—covering the 408 miles in but little more than seventy-four
-hours. Closely following them was Charles Fox-Maule Ramsay, nephew of
-Colonel Ramsay, and younger brother of the Earl of Dalhousie, driving
-his own team of Siberians; and it certainly seemed that the day of the
-Siberians had come. But in 1911 and 1912, through terrible blizzards and
-over miserable trails, the Allan and Darling team of Alaskans, driven by
-“Scotty” Allan, were the winners; and in 1913, Fay Dalzene, with the
-Bowen-Dalzene dogs, was first, also using the Alaskan type. So that out
-of the seven great races that have been held under the auspices of the
-Nome Kennel Club since it was organized in 1908, five victories have
-fallen to the Alaskans, and the breaking of the record to the Siberians.
-
-In short distances some of the dogs are remarkably fast, travelling at
-the rate of fifteen or sixteen miles an hour. Irish, one of the Allan
-and Darling team, a beautiful setter with some huskie blood, can pace a
-mile in three minutes; and Spot, a cross-bred pointer and huskie, after
-leading the team thirty miles over a heavy trail, covered four miles in
-thirteen minutes and twenty-five seconds without breaking.
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  _The starting of John Johnson’s team of Siberians in one of the All
-    Alaska Sweepstakes Races in Nome, Alaska._
-]
-
-As dog teams are not driven with reins, but by word of mouth, there must
-be in every team a particularly intelligent dog who is the leader. He
-must understand not only the simple orders “Mush” (go on), “Gee” (to the
-right), “Haw” (to the left), and “Stop,” but he must have exceptionally
-quick instincts, a definite acknowledged mastery over the other dogs,
-and a sort of canine good judgment which tells him the right thing to do
-in difficulties and emergencies.
-
-The stories of the marvellous sagacity of certain leaders are easy of
-belief to “the men that know the North” as Service calls them, but they
-would appear to be gross exaggerations or absolute untruths to those who
-have never seen dogs work in harness on the trail.
-
-A leader has certain privileges, such as getting into the sled when the
-driver is not at the handle bars, and reposing in comfort and dignity on
-the furs while the rest of the dogs lie in the snow; and other
-perquisites which may occasion bitter jealousy and make necessary the
-utmost precaution in guarding him from the attacks of his envious
-team-mates. Sometimes an old leader, discarded or pensioned, will
-craftily wait for a chance to kill his successor—this chance generally
-occurring when the new aspirant for honors is tied and at a
-disadvantage. Some leaders, however, through wonderful strength and
-other superior qualities, become more or less exempt from this ill
-feeling, and their leadership is freely and pleasantly accepted both in
-and out of “business hours.” Of these, Dubby, a magnificent specimen of
-the McKenzie River huskie, brought down from Dawson by “Scotty” Allan,
-was one of the most prominent. Dubby lived to be twelve years old, but
-was pensioned on his ninth birthday, while still in perfect condition
-and well able to enjoy the rewards of his faithful service. He had a
-record of over thirty thousand miles, in harness, to his credit, and the
-anecdotes of his intelligence are legion. He was often driven “loose,”
-running ahead of the team instead of being hooked up with them; and he
-was so efficient as a “general manager” that the loss of his pulling
-power was of small moment compared to his ability to find and keep an
-obliterated trail, and his capacity for doing the many clever and
-helpful things that his active mind found to do. A mere hint that some
-dog was not working was enough, and Dubby would rush back to critically
-examine them all till the shirker was located by a slack tow line or
-traces not held taut. The culprit received a warning nip on the ear or
-flank, which was a threat of worse punishment if he did not mend his
-laggard habits; then Dub would dash off to give some other evidence of
-his real generalship. Perhaps it would be to decide that the ice on the
-river was not thick enough to bear the weight of the heavily loaded
-sled—for some strange instinct enabled him to know that fact, when an
-experienced Musher could be readily deceived; or he would choose the
-correct trail where many met and crossed, in spite of the efforts of an
-exasperated driver to convince him of the error of his ways. “You
-stubborn old Siwash (an insult indeed to apply the name of the most
-shiftless of Indians to a self-respecting huskie), I’ll wager you’re
-wrong; but do as you please, keep us all out here in thirty below
-weather, tired and hungry, and then maybe next time you’ll listen to
-reason.” But Dubby never did make the predicted mistake, and many a
-comfortable night’s rest in shelter and warmth was the result of his
-unerring confidence in his own ability which no argument could disturb.
-He would politely wag his stump of a tail while he listened tolerantly
-to your opinion, but he ignored it with the same amiable disregard one
-would show toward the foolish suggestions of a babbling child.
-
-The tragedies of the Arctic wastes are many, and would be more but for
-the faithful dogs; the list of canine heroes is long, and would be much
-longer were all of their brave deeds recorded. They have never, like
-some of whom we read, attended an “Acadamie pour Chiens,” and acquired,
-with a diploma, such unnatural refinements and useless accomplishments
-as are displayed by “dogs in society.” If invited to attend a luncheon
-of chicken à la Maryland, served on a decorated table, with Fifi and
-Bijou as fellow guests, they would not only demolish the chicken in
-short order, but also the decorations, and possibly Fifi and Bijou as
-well—classing them with cats and other legitimate prey.
-
-There is no downy cushion before the blazing fire, no chosen corner of
-the limousine, no tooth brush or manicure set for the work dog of the
-North; yet they are probably happier than their kin of the governess and
-college education. They have no time for ennui—there are duties to be
-done, and it is rare indeed to find a sled dog who does not take pride
-in his task, show delight at the sight of his harness, and eagerly
-welcome the preparations for a good long mush.
-
-Perhaps one of the most striking features of the races is the pleasure
-that the dogs manifest not only in the preliminary training, but in the
-contest itself. One frequently sees a team of dogs, old in the knowledge
-of racing, perfectly familiar with the hardships before them, waiting
-for the signal to leave, and so eager to be off, that three or four men
-are barely able to restrain them till the dip of the flag starts them on
-their dash to the Arctic. So, too, it is not unusual for a Mail Team,
-becoming impatient of the delay in unloading the mail, to run away after
-having carried a thousand pounds of mail for a distance of two or three
-hundred miles.
-
-In summer when the dogs are not being used they often spend the time
-about mining camps where they are fed; or if in town they select one or
-more houses to which they make daily visits at meal hours if they find
-the inmates hospitably inclined. In many districts the dogs are
-virtually turned out to forage for themselves, when the wild strain in
-them asserts itself to an astonishing degree; but this is not true of
-Nome where dogs are held in high esteem, and where they are given the
-proper care at all seasons. And each year when the last boat of the
-summer sails from Nome, there is a long list of dog passengers. To a
-fancier they would seem undoubtedly a collection not worth their
-transportation; to my Lady of the Lap Dog they would cause shudders of
-disgust; there would be no place at the Bench Show for such as these.
-They are without pedigree, or beauty perhaps—mongrels if you will—but
-one never knows what a wealth of fidelity may be hidden beneath a rough
-exterior. Many a story that touches the heart may be extracted from the
-prospector going outside accompanied by some favorite dog who has shared
-his solitude and his hardships; who has helped to bear his burdens, and
-who is now to enjoy with him what they have earned together.
-
-Perhaps that blind old huskie has guided his bewildered driver along the
-right trail to safety, true to the instincts of the wild, when the
-whirling snow and icy sleet cut like stinging whip lashes into the face
-and eyes, making sight impossible.
-
-Perhaps this ragged, ungroomed malamute with his wolf head and his human
-heart, dragged himself with patient, bleeding feet, half starved and
-nearly frozen, to some remote camp with the warning that his unconscious
-master, caught unprepared in a sudden storm, needed help.
-
-Perhaps—but after all, each tale is only another variation of the same
-theme: dog’s loyalty to man. And as pampered pets, or as valued
-assistants, in society or out of it, this loyalty justifies the
-attention and regard they receive. It is the one thing all dogs have in
-common, and whether in their veins runs the blue blood of generations of
-prize winners, or the humble strain of some obscure street waif, it is
-to You, and not to what you possess, not for what you can offer him,
-that the dog gives his steadfast allegiance.
-
-      Sometimes when life has gone wrong with you
-      And the world seems a dreary place,
-      Has your dog ever silently crept to your feet,
-      His yearning eyes turned to your face—
-      Has he made you feel that he understands,
-      And all that he asks of you
-      Is to share your lot, be it good or ill,
-      With a chance to be loyal and true?
-      Are you branded a failure? He does not know—
-      A sinner? He does not care—
-      You’re Master to him—that’s all that counts—
-      A word, and his day is fair.
-      Your birth and your station are nothing to him;
-      A Palace and Hut are the same;
-      And his love is yours in honor and peace,
-      As it’s yours through disaster and shame.
-      Though others forget you and pass you by,
-      He is ever your Faithful Friend,—
-      Ready to give you the best that is his,
-      Unselfishly, unto the End.
-                                          ESTHER BIRDSALL DARLING.
-
-
-
-
-                                 INDEX
-
-
-                       Breed.                 Nationality. Page.
-       Bloodhound                             English          7
-       Bulldog                                     „           8
-       Bulldog (Miniature)                         „           8
-       Foxhound                                    „           9
-       Trailhound                                  „           9
-       Harrier                                     „          10
-       Beagle                                      „          10
-       Collie (Rough-Coated)                       „          11
-       Collie (Smooth-Coated)                      „          11
-       Retriever (Flat-Coated)                     „          12
-       Retriever (Curly-Coated)                    „          12
-       Pointer                                     „          13
-       Setter                                      „          13
-       Spaniel (Clumber)                           „          14
-       Spaniel (English Springer)                  „          15
-       Spaniel (Sussex)                            „          15
-       Spaniel (Field)                             „          16
-       Spaniel (Cocker)                            „          16
-       Fox Terrier (Smooth-Coated)                 „          17
-       Fox Terrier (Wire-Haired)                   „          17
-       Greyhound                                   „          18
-       Whippet                                     „          18
-       Bull Terrier                                „          19
-       Bull Terrier (Toy)                          „          19
-       Airedale                                    „          20
-       Bedlington                                  „          20
-       Manchester Terrier                          „          21
-       Manchester Terrier (Toy)                    „          21
-       Mastiff                                     „          22
-       White English Terrier                       „          22
-       Old English Sheepdog                        „          23
-       White English Toy Terrier                   „          23
-       Otterhound                                  „          24
-       Yorkshire Terrier                           „          24
-       Toy Spaniel                                 „          25
-       Irish Wolfhound                        Irish           26
-       Irish Terrier                               „          27
-       Kerry Beagle                                „          27
-       Irish Setter                                „          28
-       Irish Water Spaniel                         „          28
-       Skye Terrier (Prick-Eared)             Scottish        29
-       Skye Terrier (Drop-Eared)                   „          29
-       West Highland White Terrier                 „          30
-       Scottish Terrier                            „          30
-       Deerhound                                   „          31
-       Shetland Sheepdog                           „          31
-       Dandie Dinmont                              „          32
-       Cairn Terrier                               „          32
-       Gordon Setter                               „          33
-       Bearded Collie                              „          33
-       Welsh Terrier                          Welsh           34
-       Sealyham Terrier                            „          34
-       Welsh Springer                              „          35
-       Welsh Hound                                 „          35
-       Gazelle Hound                          Indian          36
-       Lhassa Terrier                              „          37
-       Tibetan Mastiff                             „          37
-       Rampur Greyhound                            „          38
-       Banjara                                     „          38
-       Barb                                   Australian      39
-       Australian Terrier                          „          39
-       Kangaroo Greyhound                          „          40
-       Maltese Terrier                        Malta           40
-       Newfoundland (Black)                   Newfoundland    41
-       Newfoundland (Black and White)              „          42
-       Huskie                                 Canadian        42
-       Labrador Retriever                          „          42
-       Pyrenean Sheepdog                      French          43
-       French Sheepdog                             „          44
-       Barbet                                      „          44
-       Smooth-Coated French Basset                 „          45
-       Rough-Coated French Basset                  „          45
-       Rough-Coated Basset of Brittany             „          46
-       Basset of the Ardennes                      „          46
-       Rough-Coated Basset of Vendée               „          47
-       Blue Basset of Gascogne                     „          47
-       French Pointer                              „          48
-       Dupuy Pointer                               „          48
-       Pointer of Ariege                           „          49
-       Pointer of Saint-Germain                    „          49
-       Pointer Bourbonnais                         „          50
-       Blue Pointer of Auvergne                    „          50
-       French Setter                               „          51
-       Setter of Picardie                          „          51
-       Setter of Pont-Audemer                      „          51
-       Griffon Boulet                              „          52
-       Griffon Guerlain                            „          52
-       Griffon Nivernais                           „          53
-       Griffon Fauve de Bretagne                   „          53
-       Griffon Vendeen                             „          54
-       French Bulldog                              „          54
-       Poodle (Corded)                             „          55
-       Poodle (Non-Corded)                         „          55
-       Poodle (Toy)                                „          56
-       Bordeaux                                    „          56
-       Hound of Vendée                             „          57
-       Poitevin Hound                              „          57
-       Poitou Hound                                „          58
-       Normand Dog                                 „          58
-       Saintonge                                   „          59
-       Gascogne                                    „          59
-       Franche-Comté                               „          60
-       Artois                                      „          60
-       Virelade                                    „          61
-       Gris de Saint-Louis                         „          61
-       Great Dane                             German          62
-       Dachshund                                   „          63
-       Pomeranian                                  „          64
-       Pomeranian (Miniature)                      „          64
-       Dobermann Pinscher                          „          65
-       Affenpinscher                               „          65
-       German Shepherd Dog                         „          66
-       German Hound                                „          66
-       Wire-Coated German Terrier                  „          67
-       Smooth-Coated German Terrier                „          67
-       Smooth-Coated German Pointer                „          68
-       Rough-Coated German Pointer                 „          68
-       Pointer of Wurtemberg                       „          69
-       Pointer of Weimar                           „          69
-       German Setter                               „          70
-       Wachtelhund                                 „          70
-       Griffon-Korthals                            „          71
-       Boxer                                       „          71
-       Hanovrian Limer                             „          72
-       Bavarian Limer                              „          72
-       Italian Sheepdog                       Italian         73
-       Sheepdog of Abruzzes                        „          73
-       Italian Greyhound                           „          74
-       Italian Griffon                             „          74
-       Italian Pointer                        Italian         75
-       Bolognese                                   „          75
-       Draught Dog                            Belgian         76
-       Brussels Griffon                            „          77
-       Toy Brabantine                              „          77
-       Belgian Sheepdog                            „          78
-       Schipperke                                  „          78
-       Papillon                                    „          79
-       Wire-Haired Dutch Terrier              Dutch           79
-       Dutch Sheepdog                              „          80
-       Danish Pointer                         Denmark         80
-       Austrian Hound                         Austrian        81
-       Hungarian Sheepdog                     Hungarian       81
-       Bosnian Hound                          Bosnian         82
-       Dalmatian                              Dalmatian       82
-       Spanish Pointer                        Spanish         83
-       Medelan                                     „          83
-       St. Bernard                            Swiss           84
-       Swiss Setter                                „          85
-       Lucern Hound                                „          85
-       Bern Hound                                  „          86
-       Swiss Hound                                 „          86
-       Borzoi                                 Russian         87
-       Russian Yellow Retriever                    „          88
-       Russian Hound                               „          88
-       Owtchar                                     „          89
-       Samoyed                                     „          89
-       Finnish Pom                            Finland         90
-       Finnish Hound                               „          91
-       Norwegian Elkhound                     Norwegian       91
-       Swedian Hound                          Swedian         92
-       Norwegian Hound                        Norwegian       92
-       Iceland Dog                            Iceland         93
-       Dog of Noorland                        Noorland        93
-       Lapland Sheepdog                       Lapland         94
-       Esquimau                               Greenland       94
-       Boston Terrier                         American        95
-       American Bloodhound                         „          95
-       Chesapeake                                  „          96
-       American Foxhound                           „          96
-       Mexican Hairless                       Mexican         97
-       Chihuahua                                   „          97
-       Japanese Spaniel                       Japanese        98
-       Pekingese Spaniel                      Chinese         99
-       Happa                                       „          99
-       Chow-Chow                                   „         100
-       Pug                                         „         100
-       Chinese Crested Dog                         „         101
-       Little Lion Dog                             „         101
-       Balearic Greyhound                     Spanish        102
-       Phu-Quoc Greyhound                     Siamese        103
-       Portuguese Greyhound                   Portuguese     103
-       Persian Greyhound                      Persian        104
-       Arabian Greyhound                      Arabian        104
-
-
-                               CHAPTERS.
-
-       Dogs of Warfare                                       105
-       British Sheepdogs                                     110
-       Training the Shepherd Dog                             113
-       Police Dogs                                           115
-       The Hunting World and the Use of Dogs                 118
-       The Gun and Coursing Dogs of the World                120
-       Whippet Dogs and Whippet Racing                       125
-       The Sled Dogs of Alaska                               127
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-                                 “DOGS
-                                 OF ALL
-                                NATIONS”
-
-
-                   will give special displays on the
-
-                Panama-Pacific International Exposition
-
-                         Track and Polo Grounds
-
-                   on _SUNDAY_ afternoons and
-                   other special occasions featuring
-                   the following UTILITY DOGS:
-
-                         SHEEP DOG TRIALS
-                         POLICE DOG TRIALS
-                         WAR DOG MANEUVERS
-                         AMBULANCE DOG DRILL
-                         ARCTIC SLED DOGS
-                         WHIPPET RACING
-                         PERFORMING DOGS
-                         PARADE of the WORLD’S
-                         CHAMPION BENCH DOGS
-
-  Dates and other information will be announced later.
-
-            _With eyes upraised, his master’s face to scan;
-            The joy, the solace, and the aid of man;
-            The rich man’s guardian, the poor man’s friend;
-            The only creature faithful to the end._
-
-My twenty-five years’ experience as breeder, exhibitor, trainer and
-judge of dogs is at the service of anyone requiring specimens either for
-the show bench, for work in the field or for society.
-
-                   ABSOLUTE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
-
-Dogs from my kennels are constantly taking leading show bench honors in
-England, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada,
-and every State in North America.
-
-All sales effected during the Exposition must be made through the office
-in the “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” building, for which an official receipt
-will be given.
-
-Specimens purchased from the collection comprising the “DOGS OF ALL
-NATIONS” exhibit may be either shipped by express in suitable traveling
-crate or taken away on lead, in which event a special pass-out permit
-will be required.
-
-References will be supplied, on request, to hundreds of satisfied
-clients who have honored me with their patronage.
-
-Banking references as follows:
-
-             Crocker National Bank, San Francisco, Cal.
-             New Netherlands Bank, New York, N. Y.
-             Ridgewood Trust Co., Ridgewood, N. J.
-             London County & Westminster Bank, Woking, Eng.
-             Bank of Liverpool, Southport, Eng.
-
-                 Address all communications during 1915
-
-                              W. E. MASON
-
-                         “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS”
-
-                           Exposition Grounds
-                          San Francisco, Cal.
-                    Phones: Fillmore 7000—Local 175
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-                            EUROPEAN OFFICE
-
-                    407 Lord Street, Southport, Eng.
-
-
-
-
-                             MOORE’S TOXIN
-
-                              (_Bacterin_)
-
-                          FOR CANINE DISTEMPER
-
-                           Cures and Prevents
-
-This is the original distemper bacterin and nothing else has been
-produced that gets the same results in the same way. It has been
-thoroughly tested on both sides of the Atlantic for =NINE YEARS=. We are
-proud of the verdict of those who use it.
-
-                           _Manufactured by_
-                       Middle Mass. Chemical Co.
-                        Palmer, Mass., U. S. A.
-
-                            _European Agent_
-                              W. E. MASON
-                   _407 Lord St., Southport, England_
-
-                           _Canadian Agents_
-                            E. G. WEST & CO.
-                     _80 George St., Toronto, Ont._
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         “FOR YOUR DOG’S SAKE”
-
-                             DR. DELANEY’S
-
-                                VERMILAX
-
-
-                          SUPREME DOG REMEDIES
-
-                        USED AND RECOMMENDED BY
-
-                     THE BEST KENNELS IN THE WORLD
-
-                                  FOR
-                                HUNTING
-                                DRAUGHT
-                                 RACING
-                                 WATCH
-                                  SHOW
-                                  PET
-                                  DOGS
-
-                         “Dogs of All Nations”
-                                  AND
-                      Dogs of Every Age and Breed
-
-         Blood Purifying Tablets                         $0.50
-         Cankered Ear Lotion                               .50
-         Chorea Tablets                                    .50
-         Condition Tablets                                 .50
-         Cough Syrup                                       .50
-         Diarrhoea Tablets                                 .50
-         Digestive Tablets                                 .50
-         Disinfectant and Germicide                        .50
-         Distemper Remedy                                 1.00
-         Eye Lotion                                        .50
-         Fever Tablets                                     .50
-         Flea Powder                                       .25
-         Gum Set (For Loose Teeth)                         .25
-         Kidney Tablets                                    .50
-         Liniment                                          .50
-         Mange Remedy (Stainless)                         1.00
-         Mange Remedy (Standard)                          1.00
-         Mouth Wash                                        .50
-         Rheumatic Tablets                                 .50
-         Shampoo—“Veno” (For Toy Dogs and Puppies)         .50
-         Shampoo—Deodorizing (For Large Dogs)              .50
-         Skin Cleansing Cream (For Toy Dogs and Puppies)   .50
-         Skin Cleanser (For Large Dogs)                    .50
-         Soap—Special Cake (For Toy Dogs and Puppies)      .25
-         Soap—Cake (For Large Dogs and All Animals)        .25
-         Tonic Tablets                                     .50
-         VERMILAX (The Supreme Worm Remedy)                .50
-         VERMILAX (The Supreme Worm Remedy)               1.00
-
-                     VERMILAX SUPREME DOG REMEDIES
-
-                       ARE ABSOLUTELY UNSURPASSED
-
-Sold during the Exposition at the “=VERMILAX=” Exhibit in the Liberal
-Arts Building also at the “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” Exhibit and by Leading
-Drug and Department Stores, Sporting Goods Houses and Pet Shops
-Everywhere.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                           VERMILAX CO., Inc.
-
-                 Dept. D. N., 220 W. 42d St., New York
-
-          (Send for Dr. Delaney’s Valuable FREE Book on Dogs)
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  Irish Wolfhound
-]
-
-                                 Toyon
-
-                         Southport St. Patrick
-
-                        Farm raised puppies from
-                        the best imported stock
-                        usually For Sale.
-
-                             TOYON KENNELS
-
-                         LOS ALTOS, CALIFORNIA
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                             FOR WORMS GIVE
-
-                          CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE
-
-             Either in Liquid form, Soft Capsules or Pills
-
-The peculiar virtue of Clayton’s Vermifuge is recognized by all dog
-fanciers. There is no other vermifuge like it.
-
-CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE (Liquid) is equally good for dogs of all ages and
-breeds, and is especially adapted for very young puppies. The treatment
-for worms in puppies should be commenced at 10 days old, as they have
-worms soon after birth. (Can be administered in capsules.)
-
-CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE (Soft) CAPSULES are intended for puppies after they
-are six weeks old and for grown dogs.
-
-Where a pill is more easily administered there is nothing better than
-Clayton’s Worm Pills. For puppies 6 weeks old and for grown dogs.
-
-Rid your puppies of worms and give them a chance to grow strong and
-healthy.
-
-            CLAYTON’S MANGE REMEDY AND CLAYTON’S SKIN LOTION
-
-Are for every form of Skin Disease. They are to destroy all parasites,
-heal the skin and promote the growth of the hair.
-
-       CLAYTON’S DISTEMPERINE AND CLAYTON’S DISTEMPERINE TABLETS
-
-Are for all forms of Distemper. You need not fear Distemper when you
-have Clayton’s Distemperine or Clayton’s Distemperine Tablets.
-
-                 CLAYTON’S CONDITION PILLS WITH PEPSIN
-
-Are a reliable remedy for all run-down conditions of the nervous system,
-or after any constitutional disease. They are especially useful when
-convalescing from distemper. They are to make your dog eat and grow
-strong and healthy.
-
-            USE CLAYTON’S COOLING DOG WASH AND DISINFECTANT
-
-For Washing your Dog and to Disinfect your Kennel. It is an excellent
-disinfectant, deodorizer and germicide.
-
-                  FULL LIST OF CLAYTON’S DOG REMEDIES
-
-            Clayton’s                         Price Postpaid
-            Mange Remedy                      $0.50    $0.75
-            Skin Lotion                          50       75
-            Distemperine                         50       60
-            Distemperine Tablets                 50       50
-            Condition Pills, Pepsin              50       50
-            Blood Purifying and Cooling Pills    50       50
-            Digestive Tablets                    50       50
-            Laxative Pills                       50       50
-            Worm Pills                           50       50
-            Tape Worm Expeller                   50       50
-            Vermifuge (Liquid)                   50       60
-            Vermifuge (Soft Capsules)            50       50
-            Canker Lotion                        50       60
-            Canker Lotion Tablets                50       50
-            Eye Lotion                           50       60
-            Eye Lotion Tablets                   50       50
-            Fit Remedy                           50       60
-            Fit Tablets                          50       50
-            Cough Remedy                         50       60
-            Sulphur Tablets                      50       50
-            Puppy Tonic                          50       60
-            Rheumatic Tablets                    50       50
-            Diarrhoea Remedy                     50       60
-            Diarrhoea Tablets                    50       50
-            Cholera Tablets                      50       50
-            Goitre Remedy                      1.00     1.00
-            Ceoline Dog Wash and Disinfectant    25       35
-            Shampoo                              25       30
-            Kilflea Soap                         25       30
-            Dog Soap                             20       25
-            Ceoline Dog Soap                     10       15
-            Kilflea Powder                       25       35
-
-Clayton’s Remedies are for sale by all Sporting Goods Houses, Drug
-Stores and Bird Stores. Send 2c. stamp for Dr. Clayton’s Treatise on the
-Dog, or ask your dealer for one.
-
-                            Manufactured By
-
-             Dr. Geo. W. Clayton, 1810 Wabash Ave., Chicago
-
-
-                     GLOVER’S IMPERIAL DOG REMEDIES
-
-                   THE PIONEER AMERICAN DOG MEDICINES
-
-
-                             The Result of
-                               35 Years’
-                           Experience in the
-                              Treatment of
-                               Sick Dogs
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                                Sold by
-                               Druggists
-                                  and
-                             Sporting Goods
-                                Dealers
-
-                             COMPLETE LIST
-
-                      Distemper Remedy       $1.00
-                      Mange Remedy             .50
-                      Vermifuge                .50
-                      Canker Wash              .50
-                      Blood Purifier           .50
-                      Tonic                    .50
-                      Cough Mixture            .50
-                      Fit Remedy               .50
-                      Eye Lotion               .50
-                      Black Tongue Remedy      .50
-                      Condition Pills          .50
-                      Digestive Pills          .50
-                      Liver Pills              .50
-                      Comp. Sulphur Tablets    .50
-                      Worm Capsules            .50
-                      Tape Worm Capsules       .50
-                      Diarrhoea Remedy         .50
-                      Liniment                 .50
-                      Sore Foot Remedy         .50
-                      Kennel and Stable Soap   .25
-
-                     _REFUSE WORTHLESS SUBSTITUTES_
-
-      Book on “DOG DISEASES AND HOW TO FEED,” Free on Application
-
-                         H. CLAY GLOVER, V. S.
-
-          25 Years Veterinarian to the Westminster Kennel Club
-
-           118 West 31st Street      New York City, U. S. A.
-
-
-                           “BETTIS” AIREDALES
-
-were accepted by the proprietor of the “Dogs of All Nations” Exhibit at
-the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, because of their well known
-qualities as Hunters, Protectors, Companions and Winners. For years they
-have been produced Only from Educated and Winning stock of Fashionable
-blood lines. They Win, Work and Please invariably.
-
-                            HY-BORN KENNELS
-
-                      Bettis Airedales Exclusively
-
-                R. L. BETTIS, Owner      FRESNO, CALIF.
-
-
-                    “PITTSBURGH PERFECT” LAWN FENCES
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The most distinctive lawn fence fabric made. Supplied in styles and
-sizes specially adapted to enclose Lawns, Gardens, Estates, Deer Parks,
-Cemeteries, etc. Made of tough, strong, durable Open Hearth Wire
-genuinely =double galvanized=. All wires electrically welded at the
-joints. The strongest, toughest, most durable and economical fence you
-can buy. In use all over the world. Sold by dealers everywhere. Write
-for Catalogue.
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                         PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY
-                             PITTSBURGH, PA.
-
-                             BRANCH OFFICES:
-
-           New York Chicago Memphis Duluth San Francisco Dallas
-
- The largest independent plant in the world manufacturing Nails, Wire and
-                                 Fencing
-
-
-                                AT STUD
-
-                     The Imported Airedale Terrier
-
-                        “Clonmel Master Nobbler”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-                A High Class Dog for High Class Bitches
-
-Airedale puppies for sale. Combining the most classical blood lines of
-England and America.
-
-                           TOPCLIFFE KENNELS
-
-                   Property of Miss Edith Chesebrough
-
-                         BURLINGAME, CALIFORNIA
-
-
-
-
-                           A Friendly Warning
-
-                            TO OWNER OF DOGS
-
-Guard against the substitution of inferior foods, said to be “Just as
-good as Spratt’s” by insisting upon our name appearing on every package
-you purchase. The success of the genuine production has given rise to a
-number of imitations—but there are no real substitutes.
-
-                     NOTHING CAN TAKE THE PLACE OF
-
-                             SPRATT’S FOODS
-
-for Dogs, Cats, Poultry, Birds, etc., and in the interest of the health
-and well being of your pet, it will pay you to ask for, and insist on
-having “SPRATT’S.”
-
-                     SEND STAMP FOR “DOG CULTURE?”
-
-                          SPRATT’S PATENT LTD.
-
-                       Main office and factories
-
-                           NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
-
-                          Pacific Coast Depot
-
-               No. 60 Federal Street, San Francisco, Cal.
-
-                               DEPOTS AT
-
-                            St. Louis, Mo.
-                            Cleveland, Ohio
-                            Chicago, Ill.
-                            Boston, Mass.
-                            Montreal, Canada
-
-                           FACTORIES ALSO AT
-
-                            London, England
-                            Berlin, Germany
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-                          TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
-
-
- 1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in
-      spelling.
- 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
- 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
- 4. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DOGS OF ALL NATIONS ***
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Dogs of all nations, by W. E. Mason</p>
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-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
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-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Dogs of all nations</p>
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: W. E. Mason</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 1, 2022 [eBook #68890]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DOGS OF ALL NATIONS ***</div>
-
-<div class='tnotes covernote'>
-
-<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber’s Note:</strong></p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>PATRONS ARE INFORMED THAT GREAT CARE HAS BEEN EXERCISED IN ASSEMBLING THE SPECIMENS COMPRISING THE “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” EXHIBIT AND MOST OF THEM MAY BE PURCHASED.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>APPLY TO PROPRIETOR,</div>
-    <div>W. E. MASON, “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS,”</div>
-    <div>PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION,</div>
-    <div>SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>EUROPEAN OFFICE—</div>
-    <div>407 LORD STREET, SOUTHPORT, ENG.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='titlepage'>
-
-<div class='double'>
-
-<div>
-  <h1 class='c003a'>DOGS<br /> <span class='xlarge'>OF ALL</span><br /> NATIONS</h1>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='large'><i>By W. E. MASON</i></span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id001'>
-<img src='images/title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c005'>A COMPLETE WORK, PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED, BEARING ON
-THE WORLD’S DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF THE DOG, GROUPED
-UNDER THEIR SEVERAL NATIONALITIES, WITH DESCRIPTIVE
-MATTER EXPLAINING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILITY
-OF EACH&#160;❧&#160;❧&#160;❧&#160;❧&#160;❧&#160;❧</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div><span class='large'>In Grateful Recognition</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>of the patronage bestowed on his effort to assemble a representative collection of all known breeds of dogs at</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>The Panama-Pacific International Exposition 1915</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>the author respectfully dedicates this work to the following members of</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>The English Peerage</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>The Earl of Lonsdale, J. P., D. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>The Earl of Huntington, D. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>The Duke of Beaufort, A. D. C., J. P., D. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>The Marquis of Linlithgow.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lord Viscount Hemsley.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lord Vivian, P. C., G. C. M. G., C. B.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lord Middleton, J. P., C. A., R. A.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, K. C. V. O.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lord Fitzhardinge, J. P., D. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sir Wm. Savory, Bart.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sir Edmund Chaytor, Bart.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sir Wyndham Hanmer, Bart., J. P., D. L.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sir Daniel F. Gooch, Bart., J. P.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sir M. Bromley-Wilson, Bart.</div>
-      <div class='line'>The Duchess of Hamilton.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lady Viscountess Malden.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lady Viscountess Valletort.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lady Sophie Scott.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lady Fairbairn.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lady Muriel Worthington.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Lady V. Lacon.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id002'>
-<img src='images/i_004.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Preface</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='c007'>
-  <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_005.jpg' width='100' alt='' />
-</div><p class='drop-capi_8'>
-The world-wide and constantly increasing interest in
-dogs prompts the author to present in concise form,
-and at a price within the reach of all, a description and
-illustration of every variety now known to be breeding
-true to type.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>An attempt is also made to group them in Nationalities,
-though, since it is admitted that the origin of certain varieties is
-somewhat obscure, no arbitrary lines can be laid down in this
-respect. Originality as to descriptions is not, in many instances,
-claimed by the author, though where the occasion seemed to call
-for it, modern ideals have been incorporated in the text. On the
-contrary, he acknowledges with thanks the services rendered by
-the following accepted authorities:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Stonehenge</div>
-      <div class='line'>Count Henry A. Graaf Van Bylandt</div>
-      <div class='line'>Theo. Marples</div>
-      <div class='line'>Dr. Caius</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Unless otherwise stated, the maximum sizes of the various
-breeds have been given. Bitches may be taken as about ten per
-cent lighter than the dogs. Owing to the exigencies of space
-the descriptions have been confined to color, size, head, ears, eye,
-tail and general appearance. Dogs, all the world over, more or
-less, are intended to be straight and strong on the legs, possessed
-of well padded feet and in other ways endowed with working
-qualifications.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The author’s object will have been attained if the subject, in
-the form presented, is found acceptable to dog lovers who have
-not the leisure to study the more exhaustive works on dogs.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>English Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bloodhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bulldog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bulldog</span> (Miniature)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>English Foxhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Trail Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Harrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Beagle</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Collie</span> (Rough-coated)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Collie</span> (Smooth-coated)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Retriever</span> (Flat-coated)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Retriever</span> (Curly-coated)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Retriever</span> (Golden)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pointer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>English Setter</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>English Springer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Sussex Spaniel</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Clumber Spaniel</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Water Spaniel</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Field Spaniel</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Cocker Spaniel</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Fox Terrier</span> (Smooth-coated)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Fox Terrier</span> (Wire-haired)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>English Greyhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Whippet</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bull Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bull Terrier</span> (Miniature)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Airedale Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bedlington Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Manchester Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Manchester Terrier</span> (Miniature)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Mastiff</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>White English Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>White English Terrier</span> (Miniature)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Old English Sheepdog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Otterhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Yorkshire Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Toy Spaniel</span> (King Charles)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Toy Spaniel</span> (Prince Charles)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Toy Spaniel</span> (Ruby)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Toy Spaniel</span> (Blenheim)</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_007a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BLOODHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black and tan, red and tan, and tawny; the darker colors being sometimes
-interspersed with lighter or badger-colored hair and sometimes flecked with white.
-Too much white is objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 90 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Bloodhound possesses in remarkable degree every point and characteristic of
-those dogs which hunt together by scent. He is very powerful and stands over more
-ground than is usual with hounds of other breeds. The skin is thin to the touch, and
-extremely loose, this being more especially noticeable about the head and neck, where
-it hangs in deep folds. His temperament is extremely affectionate, neither quarrelsome
-with companions nor with other dogs, and he is somewhat shy and sensitive.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_008a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BULLDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White or white with black mask or muzzle, brindle, red, fawns (fallows,
-occasionally pied and mixed colors).</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: A. exceeding 55 lbs.; B. exceeding 45 lbs.; C. not exceeding 45 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Until by law abolished, the Bulldog was used for bull baiting. In general appearance
-the bulldog should be a low-set, heavy-boned, smooth-coated dog built on broad
-and powerful lines. His head should be strikingly massive and large in proportion to
-the dog’s size, the face extremely short, muzzle very broad, blunt and inclined
-upwards, body short and well knit, the limbs stout and muscular, hind quarters very
-high and strong, but rather lightly made in comparison with its heavily made foreparts.
-The dog conveys an impression of determination, strength and activity.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Bulldog may be said to occupy the pride of place amongst the non-sporting
-varieties. Furthermore, it is one of the oldest of them and has been selected by the
-British themselves to typify the national character and is often termed the national
-breed. Certain it is that he conveys a “what we have we’ll hold” impression, and for a
-dogged, determined, courageous and tenacious symbol one could not imagine any breed
-filling the role more aptly.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c011'>BULLDOG (Miniature)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Weight: Not exceeding 22 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The points and characteristics of this sub-division of the British bulldog may
-be summed up in the simple statement that it should be an exact duplicate in miniature
-of the larger specimen in every point and detail, excepting size.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_009a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ENGLISH FOXHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Not of great moment so long as it is not wholly black or wholly white.
-The favorite color is black and hare-tan, distributed in large patches on a white ground.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 85 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A clean-cut, powerful hound. He has oblique and well laid-back shoulders, gracefully
-arched neck, good spring of rib, strong loins, and powerful hindquarters.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Skull should be flat, of medium width, the muzzle long, rather narrow and deep
-and square at the end, with large nostrils. He is endowed with extraordinary bone
-and hard, cat-like feet.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_009b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>TRAIL HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with red, brown or yellow patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 46 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a well built and symmetrical dog with a large head, domed in skull, “stop”
-not too pronounced, occipital bone fairly well developed and with good length of
-muzzle. The eyes are rather small and brown in color. Nose sharp with open nostrils.
-The ears are set on low and lay close to the head. The back is strong and muscular,
-and chest deep. Legs straight, long and muscular. Stern is of medium length, carried
-higher than the back and the coat short and dense.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_010a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>HARRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Any hound color.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 18 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The leading features of Harriers are long heads, free from “stop,” square muzzles,
-sloping shoulders, straight forelegs, round cat-like feet, short backs, well sprung ribs,
-strong loins, and sound hindquarters with well bent stifles.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_010b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BEAGLE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Blue mottle, black
-tan and white, black and
-tan, lemon and white or any
-other hound color.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 15 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The beagle is without
-doubt one of the oldest distinct
-breeds we have.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Beagles to be very choice
-can scarcely be bred too
-small. Although far inferior
-in speed to the harrier the
-sense of smelling is equally
-if not more exquisite in the
-beagle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The short back, compact
-body, straight legs, round
-feet, powerful loins, nicely
-placed shoulders, and the
-true beagle head is a beautiful thing
-to look upon.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>There are also the “pocket” beagle, which stands not more than 11 in. high and a
-rough or wire-haired variety, though now very scarce. They are hardy and useful
-in a rough country.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_011a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>COLLIE<br /> (Rough-Coated)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Any
-color is accepted
-provided the markings
-do not disfigure.
-The most
-popular colors are
-sable, with its
-many varying
-shades, and white
-markings, black
-with white and tan
-markings, and blue
-merles.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The collie is a
-lithe, active dog,
-and is remarkable
-chiefly for his intelligent,
-cunning,
-yet kindly outlook,
-his magnificent
-coat and the devotion
-he displays to his master. The elegance of his outline is quite distinct from any
-other breed and shows great strength and activity. The head should be moderately
-long, proportionate to the size of the dog, with a flat skull moderately wide
-between the ears, and a very slight elevation at the eyebrows, and very little
-“stop.” The muzzle should be well filled up before the eyes. The ears are
-small and when at attention should be carried semi-erect, with the tips turning
-slightly outwards. The eyes are a most important feature in this breed.
-They should be almond-shaped, not too large or too small, set obliquely in the head,
-and of a dark hazel color. The blue merles should have a merled or “China” eye,
-though this is not an essential. On the size, color and placing of the eyes, together
-with the size and placement of the ears depends the expression and characteristic outlook
-which is so appreciated by connoisseurs. The neck should be long, body fairly
-short, with well sprung ribs, chest deep and forelegs straight. Any tendency to cow-hocks
-in the hind legs should be penalized. The tail should be fairly long, carried low
-when in repose, and straight or gaily when excited. The coat, except on the mask,
-tips of ears and legs where it is smooth, should be very abundant, especially around the
-neck and chest, where it should form a distinct cape and frill. A dense undercoat is
-also very essential.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_011b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>COLLIE<br /> (Smooth Coated)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>The smooth
-collie is identical
-with his
-rough-coated
-brother, excepting
-that the
-coat should be
-short, dense and
-flat, with an
-abundance of
-undercoat.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_012a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FLAT-COATED RETRIEVER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Rich
-black, free from
-rustiness and
-from white.
-There is also a
-Golden Retriever
-so named because
-of the golden or
-yellow color of
-his coat.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 68 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The symmetry and elegance of this dog are considerable and essential, and he has
-a decidedly sporting character. The head should be long with the skull wide and flat
-at the top, and slight furrow down the middle. Eyes of medium size, dark brown or
-hazel in color with a bright intelligent and mild expression indicating a good temper.
-The neck long and muscular, chest broad and deep with well developed and well sprung
-ribs. The tail should be bushy but not feathered, carried gaily but not curled over
-the back. His coat should be fairly long, bright, close and thick, and either straight
-or slightly waved.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_012b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CURLY-COATED RETRIEVER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black
-or liver, a white
-patch on chest is
-objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 68 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong, smart dog moderately low on leg, active, lively, beaming with intelligence
-and expression. The head should be long and narrow for the length, the eyes
-should be rather large and cannot be too dark. Chest not too wide but decidedly
-deep, back muscular and rather short with powerful loins, straight forelegs and plenty
-of bone. The coat should be formed of small tight curls all over the body much resembling
-the Astrachan.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_013a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: A predominance
-of
-white is most
-favored by
-sportsmen. Liver
-and white, lemon
-and white, and
-black and white
-are also quite
-common. Whole
-colors black, liver
-and various
-shades of yellow
-are also quite
-correct.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Pointer is
-an elegantly shaped
-dog, symmetrical
-and well
-built all over, of
-great strength and endurance, yet full of refinement and very speedy. The leading
-essentials of a good Pointer are pace, endurance, intelligence, and powers of smell.
-The head should be fairly long and broad at the skull, muzzle long and well filled up.
-Eyes soft and dark brown in color. Ears soft and hanging gracefully. Neck well
-arched and long, free from dewlap or throatiness. Ribs well arched. Loins and hind
-quarters very muscular. The stern must be strong at the root and free from the
-slightest approach to curl at the tip.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_013b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ENGLISH SETTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black
-and white ticked,
-with large
-splashes and
-more or less
-marked with
-black, known as
-blue belton;
-orange and white,
-ticked as in the
-blacks and blues;
-liver and white,
-ticked in similar
-manner; black
-and white, with
-tan markings;
-orange or lemon
-with white ticks;
-black and white;
-liver and white.
-Pure white,
-black, liver and red or yellow are occasionally seen but not desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog owns an elegant outline. The skull is moderately narrow between the
-ears, with prominent occiput, a decided brow over the eyes, with long muzzle. The
-eyes should be dark brown in color, and are full of animation. Ears small, thin and
-soft, carried close to the cheeks. The neck should be slightly arched, but must not be
-throaty, chest deep and wide, tail should be carried with a gentle sweep downwards,
-and well feathered with straight silky hair. The coat is soft and silky without curl,
-and he should have plenty of feather on both fore and hind legs.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_014a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CLUMBER SPANIEL</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Creamy white with lemon markings; orange markings not so typical.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 18 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a long, low, massive dog, with a thoughtful expression. The skull is large,
-massive and broad on top, with decided occiput, heavy brow and deep stop. The muzzle
-should be of medium length, square and with flews well developed. His orange brown
-eyes are of medium size and deep set. The ears are large and pointed at the tip and
-the hair on them should be straight. His neck is thick and powerful, well feathered
-underneath, and his body is long, strong and barrel-like and the hind quarters very
-powerful and muscular. The stern is docked, well feathered, low set, and carried level
-with the back, and his coat is abundant, soft and straight.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Clumber is said to have been evolved by one of the Dukes of Newcastle at
-Clumber Castle, in Nottinghamshire, England, from which connection he takes his name.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The breed is also affected by other influential members of the English peerage,
-which, together with his dignified bearing and classical lineage, account for being
-dubbed the aristocrat of the spaniel family. The Clumber differs from all other varieties
-of the Spaniel in that he is considerably heavier and more massive and therefore less
-active and a slower dog in the field. For this reason he is used largely by sportsmen
-who do not care to travel as fast as the more agile varieties work.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Albeit as an all-round hunter the Clumber is probably without his equal and is
-excellent alike both as a field and water dog.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_015a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ENGLISH SPRINGER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Almost any color.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is leggier in comparison to any other field spaniel and has a short and
-symmetrical body, long head, square muzzle, rather narrow skull, and low-set ears.
-He combines strength with activity, courage with docility, and all the characteristics
-of a workman and gentleman combined, but without his vices. The coat is thick, firm
-and smooth or slightly wavy, and must not be too long.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_015b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SUSSEX SPANIEL</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: A deep shaded golden liver.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 16 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 45 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In appearance the Sussex Spaniel is a sedate and thoughtful looking dog when at
-rest but is full of life and activity when at work. The skull is massive and heavy for
-his size with the forehead projecting over the eyes. The jaws are long and square with
-flews fairly well developed and nostrils large and of liver color. The eyes should be
-hazel in color, large and soft in expression and should not show any haw. Ears large
-and well furnished with silky hair. The body is long and round, with chest deep and
-ample. The hind quarters are very muscular. The stern should be docked to about 6
-in. in length, set low, with a downward action and well feathered. A low carriage of
-tail is most desirable. The coat is straight or slightly wavy, thick, soft and abundant.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_016a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FIELD SPANIEL</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Jet black throughout, a little white on chest, though a drawback, should not
-disqualify.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 15 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a moderately low and long dog, sound in the hind limbs, with well sprung
-ribs and strong quarters. The head should be long and level on top, with some stop.
-The skull should be narrow and the muzzle deep and square. The ears are set on low
-and moderately long. The eye should always be dark. The coat is flat, dense and
-glossy, with a fair amount of feathering. Excessive feathering is objectionable.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_016b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>COCKER SPANIEL</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Jet
-black. A white,
-short frill is not
-disqualified but is
-not desirable.
-Other colors—liver,
-lemon, red
-or any of these
-colors with white
-or tan or both.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 25 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog should be shaped like a setter in miniature, but he is more merry and
-alert in expression and behavior. It is essential that he should combine small size
-with great activity. The skull is fairly long and forehead raised. Color of eyes varies
-according to the color of the coat, but should always be mild in expression. The ears
-are of moderate size, broad rather than long and fairly well covered with hair. His
-neck is long, clean, arched, and muscular, with well developed body and very strong
-hind quarters. The stern is docked, carried downwards, and has a perpetually vibrating
-movement, a sort of restless quivering, peculiar to his breed. The coat is smooth
-or slightly wavy, very dense but not very long.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_017a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FOX TERRIER<br /> (Smooth Coated)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White should predominate; brindle, red or liver markings are objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 16 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 20 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog generally presents a gay, lively and active appearance. He must also
-possess speed and endurance, and the symmetry of an English Foxhound. He must
-on no account be leggy, and like a well built hunter cover plenty of ground without
-being long in the body. The skull is flat and moderately narrow, ears V-shaped and
-small, dropping forward close to the cheek, jaws strong and muscular. Eyes dark
-in color, small, full of fire and intelligence, neck clean and muscular without throatiness,
-chest deep but not broad, and the back should be short, straight and strong. His
-legs viewed in any direction must be straight, well boned throughout, and short and
-straight at the pasterns. His feet should be round and compact, tail set on rather high,
-always docked, and carried gaily, but not over the back or curled, and should be well
-coated. His coat is straight, flat, smooth, hard, dense and abundant.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_017b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FOX TERRIER<br /> (Wire-haired)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>This variety is identical with the smooth-coated Fox Terrier, except in the matter
-of coat, which should be broken, and the harder and more wiry the texture the better.
-On no account should it look or feel woolly or silky. The coat should not be too long
-so as to give him a shaggy appearance.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_018a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ENGLISH GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Any color, but those preferred are black, red or brindles, fawn, blue and
-slates.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 27 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Greyhound’s head should be fairly wide between the ears and of good length.
-The muzzle is long and lean. The eyes are full, bright and penetrating, giving one the
-idea of high spirits and animation. The ears are set well back on the head, small and
-folding when at rest, but raised when in action. The neck is fairly long, arched and
-very flexible. The shoulders should be as oblique as possible. Chest wide and deep, back
-powerful and arched, loins strong, broad and deep, and the hind legs very muscular,
-somewhat long, the stifles strong and well bent, and very muscular thighs. The tail is
-long, fine and nicely curved. A terse description of this dog is contained in the
-following couplet:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c012'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>The head of a snake,</div>
-      <div class='line'>The neck of a drake,</div>
-      <div class='line'>A back like a beam,</div>
-      <div class='line'>A side like a bream,</div>
-      <div class='line'>The tail of a rat,</div>
-      <div class='line'>And the foot of a cat.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_018b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WHIPPET</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>This dog is a
-greyhound in miniature.
-The
-weights of the racing
-whippet vary
-from 10 to 23 lbs.,
-the best running
-weight being
-about 16 lbs.,
-which is also considered
-the best
-size for an ideal
-show specimen.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_019a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BULL TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Pure white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 18 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a symmetrically built dog and the embodiment of agility, grace, elegance
-and determination. He is styled by some as the Gladiator of the canine race. Certainly
-he is plucky, yet generations of training have made him the easiest of dogs to control.
-The skull is flat and wide between the ears, and there should be no stop. The jaws
-are long and very powerful, eyes small, very black and of almond shape. Ears when
-not cropped should be small and carried semi-erect. The neck is long and slightly
-arched without any loose skin. Chest wide and deep with well sprung ribs, back short
-and muscular, tail short, set on very low down, thick at the root, and tapering to a fine
-point, and must never be carried over the back. The coat is short, close and stiff to
-the touch, with a fine gloss.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_019b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>TOY BULL TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>This dog should resemble the bull terrier in every respect except as to size.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height, 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight, 15 lbs.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_020a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>AIREDALE TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: The head and ears, with the exception of dark markings on each side of
-skull, should be rich tan, as also should be the legs to the thighs and elbows. The
-body should be black or dark grizzle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: About 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: About 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is of a fairly recent creation. He is a sensible and companionable dog,
-game to the core and a fine guard. He has a well knit frame, great bone for his size,
-a long punishing jaw and lean head, with a keen expression and a wiry, weather
-resisting coat. His ears should be small and V-shaped. The tail is set on high and
-carried gaily, but not curled over the back. The coat is hard and wiry but not so long
-as to appear ragged. It should be straight and close.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_020b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BEDLINGTON TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Dark blue,
-blue and tan, liver,
-liver and tan, sandy,
-sandy and tan.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 16 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 24 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance
-the Bedlington is
-a lightly built, lathy
-dog, but not shelly.
-The skull is narrow,
-deep and rounded,
-high at the occiput,
-covered with a nice
-silky tuft or top-knot.
-His muzzle must be
-long and tapering.
-The eyes are small,
-placed obliquely,
-and close together, and in shade should follow the color of the dog. The
-ears are moderately large, placed low, thinly covered and tipped with fine silky hair,
-and filbert shaped. The neck is long and chest deep, though not wide. The back
-should be slightly arched, and the body well ribbed up. The tail is thick at the root
-and scimitar shaped. The coat is a mixture of hard and soft hair, of the stand-off
-variety, and crisp to the touch.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_021a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>MANCHESTER TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Jet black and rich mahogany tan. The position of the tan markings is
-important. The muzzle should be tanned to the nose. A bright spot on each cheek and
-above each eye and the under-jaw and throat are tanned with a distinct black V mark
-immediately under the jaw. The fore legs should be tanned up to the knee, with black
-lines up each toe, and a black “thumb” mark above the foot. The insides of the hind
-legs tanned, but divided with black at the hock joint. The under part of the tail is also
-tanned, and there should be a light tan mark at each side of the chest. Tan outside of
-hind legs, commonly called “breeching,” is a serious defect, and in all cases the black
-should not run into the tan, or vice versa. The two colors should be well defined.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 17 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 20 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a good boned dog with the appearance of speed and activity rather than
-of strength, and he should be free of any approach to the whippet type. Head should be
-long, flat and narrow at skull, level and wedge-shaped, and well filled up before the
-eyes, which should be small, brilliant and dark. The ears if cropped should be carried
-erect. Chest narrow and deep, body moderately short with well sprung ribs. The
-tail is rather short and should not be carried higher than the back, and the coat is
-close, smooth, short and glossy.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the opinion of many the ban of the English Kennel Club, which now prohibits
-the cropping of dogs’ ears, has seriously impaired the popularity of this breed, as it is
-claimed that drop ears, no matter how small and neatly they may be carried, compare
-unfavorably with the smart appearance conveyed by neatly cropped ears. None the
-less a tremendous amount of suffering unquestionably has been prevented as a result of
-the English Kennel Club’s ruling, and all good sportsmen will endorse its decision.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>TOY MANCHESTER TERRIER</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog should resemble his larger brother in every respect except that he should
-be under ten inches in height and under six pounds in weight.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_022a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>MASTIFF</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Apricot or silver fawn or dark fawn brindle. In any case the muzzle, ears
-and nose should be black, with black shadings around the orbits extending upwards between
-them.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 28 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 170 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a large, massive, powerful dog, with symmetrical and well knit frame, a
-combination of grandeur, good nature, courage and docility. The head offers a square
-appearance when viewed from any point. Great depth is much desired. The skull is
-broad between the ears, with muscles on the temples and cheeks well developed. There
-should be a depression up the center of the forehead. The muzzle is short, blunt and
-square. The eyes are small, wide apart, with stop between the eyes well marked, and
-of a hazel-brown color, showing no haw. The ears are small, thin, set on high and lay
-flat to the cheeks. The chest is wide and deep and the back wide and muscular with
-great depth of flanks. His tail is thick at the root and hangs straight in repose. The
-coat is short and close laying.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Mastiff is one of the very oldest breeds known to the British Isles. The
-Assyrian kings possessed a large dog of decided Mastiff type and used it for lion
-hunting. Credible authorities point to a similarity, also, between the Mastiff and the
-fierce Molorsian of the ancient Greeks, and it is claimed by many students that the
-breed was introduced into Britain in the sixth century B. C. by adventurous Phoenician
-traders.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Color: Pure white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This terrier should resemble the Manchester terrier illustrated on the previous page
-in every respect excepting in regard to color, which should be a pure white.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_023a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Any shade of gray, grizzle or blue with or without white markings.
-Height: 24 in.
-Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a strong, compact dog, profusely coated, with a characteristic ambling when
-trotting, and owns a thick-set, muscular short body, liberal bone, and a most intelligent
-expression. The skull is capacious, squarely formed, and well covered with hair. The
-eyes vary in color according to the shade of the dog. A “wall” or “China” eye is
-considered typical. The small ears are carried flat to the side of his head. Many are
-bred tailless, if otherwise they are docked close. The coat is profuse, of good hard
-texture, not straight, but shaggy, yet free from curl. He should have plenty of
-undercoat.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This breed is also of very early origin and has been bred in England for some
-hundreds of years. He is probably a relic of the early pastoral days when the wolf
-inhabited the British isles, from which the flocks and herds had to be protected. Some
-authorities claim, however, that he is a descendant of the Russian Owtchar.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>WHITE ENGLISH TOY TERRIER</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This Toy Terrier should resemble the white English Terrier mentioned on the previous
-page in every respect except as regards size, which should be under ten inches high and
-under 6 lbs. weight.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_024a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>OTTERHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Grizzle and tan, blue and tan, yellow or red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 90 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Rough-Coated Otterhound’s head should be large, but not showing quite the
-peak of the bloodhound, long with strong and powerful jaws, the whole appearance being
-sedate and intelligent. The eye should be dark, the haw sometimes showing, but this
-is not a defect of the breed. His long and pendulous ears are set on close to the head
-and covered with hair short and fine in texture. The coat is hard, crisp, and not too
-long, having also a close, woolly, water-resisting undercoat.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_024b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>YORKSHIRE TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: On the head a beautiful golden tan,
-much darker on the ears. The back and tail
-should be dark blue inclining to silver, the latter
-color extending over the other portions of
-the body, excepting the legs, which should be a
-golden tan.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>There are two classes for weight, under 5
-lbs., and over 5 lbs. but not exceeding 12 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a long-coated pet dog, the coat hanging
-quite straight and evenly down each side
-with a parting extending from the nose to the
-end of the tail. His general appearance is one
-of compactness and neatness, with a sprightly
-and important bearing. The head is rather
-small and should be flat. The hair should be very long on his muzzle and chin, of a
-rich tan shade, and on no account intermingled with dark or sooty hair. The ears
-when cropped are carried quite erect; when not cropped, semi-erect. His body is very
-compact, and level on back. The tail is cut to a medium length and should be well
-covered with dark blue hair, especially at the end. The coat should be as long as
-possible, straight and glossy as silk, and not wavy or woolly.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_025a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>TOY SPANIEL</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Weight: Not exceeding 10 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The color of this dog varies with his breed, there being four varieties: A. The
-King Charles; B. Tri-color, or Prince Charles; C. Ruby; D. Blenheim.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The King Charles is a rich glossy black, with deep tan spots over the eyes and on
-the cheeks.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Tri-color or Prince Charles should have the tan of the King Charles with
-markings like the Blenheim in black instead of red, on a pearly white ground, the ears
-and under the tail should be lined with tan, and he has no “spot.”</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Ruby is a rich chestnut red and a few white hairs intermixed on his chest
-carries great weight against him, as they do on the chest of the King Charles.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Blenheim must on no account be whole colored, but should have a ground of
-pure pearly white, with bright, rich chestnut or Ruby markings, evenly distributed in
-large patches, and should have a spot on the forehead.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Strictly speaking this breed might, with some justice, be classed with the Spanish
-breeds, as unquestionably the King Charles Spaniel originally hailed from that country,
-but since the early part of the seventeenth century certain families of the English
-nobility have affected him and it is equally true to assign the production of the other
-three varieties to their influence and breeding operations.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The King Charles’s compactness of shape almost rivals that of the Pug. He has
-a broad back and wide chest. The head is well domed, and in good specimens is semi-globular,
-and the skull should project over the eyes, so as to nearly meet the upturned
-nose. The eyes are set wide apart, are large and dark, with enormous pupils. The
-stop is well marked, some good specimens exhibiting a hollow. The nose is short
-and well turned up and should be both deep and wide with open nostrils. The ears
-must be long so as to almost touch the ground, are set low on the head, and be heavily
-feathered. The coat is long, silky, soft and wavy, but not curly. In the Blenheim
-there should be a profuse mane. The feathering should be well displayed on the ears
-and feet, and on the King Charles the feathering is very long and profuse. The
-feathering on the tail (which is cut to the length of three or four inches) should be
-silky, forming a marked “flag” of a square shape, and must not be carried above the
-level of the back.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Irish Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Irish Wolfhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Irish Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Kerry Beagle</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Irish Setter</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Irish Water Spaniel</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_026a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>IRISH WOLFHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Gray, red, black, pure white, fawn and brindle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 35 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 150 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog though not as heavy and massive as the Great Dane is more so than the
-Deerhound. He has a commanding appearance and is very muscular, strongly though
-gracefully built, with movements easy and active. The head is long, skull not too broad,
-and muzzle moderately pointed. Eyes dark in color, ears small and of the greyhound
-type, neck very strong, muscular and well arched, with a long back and muscular thighs.
-The tail is long and slightly curved and well covered with hair. Coat should be rough
-and hard on the body, legs and head, and especially long and wiry over the eyes and
-under the jaw.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This breed is undoubtedly of great antiquity and was freely bred and used hundreds
-of years ago in Ireland for the hunting of wolves. When wolves became extinct the
-breeding of Irish Wolfhounds came to its lowest ebb, but during the last twenty years
-great strides have been made to resuscitate, and it is now one of the most popular of
-the large varieties on the show bench.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_027a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>IRISH TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Whole colored
-bright red, red, wheaten
-or yellow-red. A little
-white is permissible on
-chest and feet, but is not
-desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 18 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 24 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The outstanding feature
-of this dog is a style
-of physiognomy and expression
-peculiarly his
-own. The head is a
-little longer than the fox
-terrier’s, his eyes hazel
-rather than very dark,
-and so set as to give
-him the sort of dare-devil
-expression for
-which he is so famous.
-The ears are small and
-V-shaped and drop forward
-close to the cheek.
-The back should be
-strong, with loins broad
-and powerful. The stern
-is generally docked,
-should be well covered with rough hair but free from feathering. The coat is hard,
-wiry, straight and flat.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_027b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>KERRY BEAGLE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black and tan, blue mottled and tan, black tan and white, tan and white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 45 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A well built and muscular dog. Head of moderate length, broad in skull, slightly
-arched from eyes to point of nose, with long round muzzle. The eyes are large, bright
-and intelligent, varying in color from bright yellow to a deep brown. Ears large,
-pendulous, falling below the neck and set on low. Chest deep but not broad. Back
-strong, moderate in length and muscular. The stern is long and evenly furnished with
-hair, thick at the root and carried curved upwards. The coat is hard, close and smooth.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_028a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>IRISH SETTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>In the leading essentials, this dog is similar to its English brother. The main difference
-between the two is that the head of the Irish dog is not quite so long in proportion
-and the occipital bone not so well developed. His eyes, too, are lighter, and show
-less haw, and his expression, like that of the Irish Water Spaniel and the Irish Terrier,
-is different than any English variety. In fact it is a characteristic purely Irish expression.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_028b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>IRISH SPANIEL WATER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: A pure
-deep liver without
-any white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23
-in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a
-highly intelligent
-dog with
-a rare combination
-of power
-and activity.
-The skull is
-capacious with
-forehead prominent.
-Ears are
-set on low, are
-long and well
-feathered. The
-neck muscular,
-body well ribbed,
-chest deep and broad. The stern is thick at the root, is short and tapers to a
-fine point, and is carried quite stiff and straight. It should be covered with short,
-smooth hair, and present a whip-like appearance. The coat is oily and on the body
-composed of small crisp ringlets, on the head is a pronounced top-knot of long ringlets.
-The mask is perfectly smooth.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Scottish Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Skye Terrier</span> (prick-eared)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Skye Terrier</span> (drop-eared)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>West Highland White Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Scottish Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Scottish Deerhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Gordon Setter</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Dandie Dinmont</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Cairn Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Shetland Sheepdog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bearded Collie</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_029a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SKYE TERRIER<br /> (Prick-eared)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Dark or
-light blue or gray,
-or fawn with black
-points. Ears much
-darker than the body.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 9 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 18 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a dog of
-long and low structure.
-The skull is
-wide at front of brow,
-narrows between the
-ears and tapers gradually
-toward the muzzle.
-The eyes should
-be hazel color and set
-close together. Ears
-small, carried nearly
-erect, and the neck long. The back should be level and slightly declining from hip to
-shoulders, and should be very long and low. The tail should hang perpendicular with
-a slight backward curl at the end. This dog’s coat should be long, hard, straight and
-flat, with a short, dense woolly undercoat. The hair on the head is shorter and softer
-than on the rest of the body, and should veil the forehead and eyes.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_029b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SKYE TERRIER (Drop-eared)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>The drop-eared Skye Terrier is identical with his prick-eared brother in every
-respect, except that the ears are a little larger, should hang straight down, lying flat
-at the side of the head, and incline a little towards the front.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_030a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Pure
-white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 17
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance this dog is a small, game, hardy-looking terrier, with a
-varminty appearance, strongly built, with straight back on muscular legs. The
-coat should be about two and one-half inches long, of a hard texture, with plenty
-of undercoat, and no tendency to wave or curl. The tail should be straight, carried
-not too gaily, covered with hard hair, but not bushy. The ears are small and
-as pointed as possible, and carried absolutely erect. Eyes of moderate size, dark
-hazel in color, widely placed, with a sharp, bright, intelligent expression. The
-muzzle should be long and powerful.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_030b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SCOTTISH TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Steel
-or Iron-gray,
-Black-brindle,
-Brown-brindle,
-Gray brindle,
-Grizzled,
-Black,
-Sandy and
-Wheaten.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>(White markings
-are objectionable.)</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 20 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance this dog should appear to be higher on the leg than he
-really is. He should look compact, be possessed of great muscle in the hind
-quarters, and be powerfully put together throughout. He should own a sharp,
-bright, and active expression, and head should be carried well up. Skull should
-be long, slightly domed, very powerful muzzle and very little stop. Eyes of dark
-hazel color, set wide apart, small, piercing and very bright. Ears small and
-erect, and sharp pointed, and covered with a velvety hair. The neck is short, thick
-and muscular. Chest broad, body short and well ribbed up, and exceedingly
-strong in hind quarters. The tail is never docked and should be carried gaily.
-The coat is about two inches long on the body, dense, hard and wiry in texture.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_031a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DEERHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Dark blue-gray, brindles, yellow and sandy, red or red fawn, especially if
-with black points. White is objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 30 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 100 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general form the deerhound should be like a greyhound, but heavier and wiry
-coated. The head is long and the muzzle tapers decidedly toward the nose. The skull
-should be flat with no stop. The eyes are dark brown or hazel, and convey a soft look
-in repose, but a keen far-away expression when the dog is aroused. The ears are set
-on high and should fall back. A prick ear is bad, and a thick ear hanging flat to the
-head or heavily coated is an even worse fault. The neck is fairly long and very strong,
-and should carry sufficient coat to form a mane. The chest is deep rather than broad,
-and the tail is fairly long and carried straight down or curved when in repose. The
-coat on the body, neck and quarters should be harsh and wiry, and about three or four
-inches long. The Deerhound should be a shaggy dog. A woolly coat is bad.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_031b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SHETLAND SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>This variety is of recent
-origin, the questionable intention
-being to evolve a toy
-collie. The weights aimed at
-are from 7 to 10 lbs., and the
-colors and conformation
-throughout should follow the
-collie as nearly as possible.
-Considerable strides have already
-been made in this direction,
-though the author does
-not regard the nature and disposition
-of a collie as suitable
-for lap-dog purposes.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_032a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DANDIE DINMONT</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Pepper or mustard. The peppers range from a dark bluish-black to a light
-silvery-gray. The mustards vary from a reddish brown to a pale fawn, the head being
-a creamy white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 10 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 18 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a terrier of considerable antiquity. He is very game and a dog of exceptional
-power and pluck, yet endowed with an abundance of common sense and docility.
-He should be round in skull, full in eye, which should be a rich dark hazel. This
-dog should be strong in jaw, with short, stout legs, and long weasel-shaped body,
-with a soft linty coat and top-knot. A point strongly demanded is the size and
-carriage of his ears, which should be almond-shaped, set on low, smooth-coated, with
-edges fringed with longer hair, and lay very close to the head.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_032b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CAIRN TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: The most appreciated colors are rich red-brindle and silver-gray brindle.
-Black mask and muzzle very desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 10 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: About 12 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This smart terrier is today one of the most popular of all the terrier varieties.
-The head is fairly capacious for his size, ears are small and carried erect, eye small,
-dark and of the peculiar keen “cairn” expression not found in any other breed; well
-sprung in ribs, abundance of bone and straight fore legs. The coat should be harsh
-and as dense as possible.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_033a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GORDON SETTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red and
-black, with rich
-dark mahogany
-markings. The
-tan should appear
-on lips, cheeks,
-throat, spots over
-the eyes, underside
-of ears, front
-of chest, and the
-lower part of both
-fore and hind
-legs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance
-this is a
-well built and elegant
-dog, heavier
-than the English
-setter. His head too is much heavier in construction. The occiput is well developed,
-eyes lustrous, intelligent and full, ears set on low and close to the upper neck. Neck
-should be fairly long and not throaty, tail rather short and scimitar-like and nicely
-feathered. The coat is straight or slightly waved, not curly and not so fine as that of
-the English Setter.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_033b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BEARDED COLLIE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>The points of the Highland or Bearded Collie are identical with the Old English
-Sheep dog except that he has a tail of moderate length and which is carried low.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>He is famous as a worker of sheep and cattle and is endowed with great intelligence
-and highly prized in both the highlands and lowlands of Scotland, equally for
-his companionship and faithful service as a guard to either homestead or flock.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Welsh Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Welsh Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Sealyham Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Welsh Springer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Welsh Hound</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_034a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WELSH TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black and tan or black-grizzle and tan, free from black penciling on toes.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 15 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 20 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a well-built, game, plucky terrier, with a smart and active appearance. The
-skull is flat, fairly wide between the ears, and with a fairly strong muzzle. The eyes
-are of a dark hazel color, are small and indicate abundant pluck. Ears are V-shaped,
-small, set on fairly high and carried forward close to the cheek. Back should be short
-and well ribbed, and the hindquarters strong and the thighs muscular. The tail is set
-on high and should not be carried too gaily. The coat is wiry, hard, very close and
-abundant. White patches should disqualify.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_034b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SEALYHAM TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with tan
-or brown patches, but
-such are not desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 10 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 16 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog was formerly
-known as the Border or
-Cowley terrier, and has
-within recent years become
-very popular on account
-of his workmanlike
-terrier qualifications.
-He should possess a long
-head with punishing jaw,
-and be endowed with
-abundant whiskers. His
-ears are carried like the
-fox terrier’s, eye small
-and dark, well sprung
-ribs, body fairly long, immense
-bone for his size, short on the leg and hard weather resisting coat.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_035a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WELSH SPRINGER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red or
-orange and white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: Not more
-than 42 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>As a worker this dog has no superior. He owns a well balanced head, grand spring
-of rib, and powerful hind quarters. He may best be described as a large Cocker
-Spaniel. His eyes should be hazel or dark brown and should not show any haw. The
-ears are comparatively small and hang close to the cheeks. His coat is straight or flat
-and thick.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Welsh Springer has been bred and preserved in its purity for hundreds of
-years. As a worker he has no superior, no day being too long and no covert too difficult
-for the endurance and pluck of the gay Cambrian Springer.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_035b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WELSH HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Grizzle-red with white patches and with white markings like the English
-Foxhound, Harrier and Beagle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 75 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A symmetrically built dog on racy lines. His head is of good length, domed in
-skull and rather long muzzle. The eyes are small, brown and intelligent in expression.
-The ears are often rounded and lay close to the head. Neck long, clean and muscular
-without dewlap. Back strong and broad, deep in the chest and very muscular in thighs
-and hindquarters. Tail should be carried gaily, thick at the root and well furnished
-with hard hair. The coat is hard, wiry, crisp and water resisting.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>British Colonial Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Gazelle Hound</span> (India)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Lhassa Terrier</span> (India)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Tibetan Mastiff</span> (India)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Rampur Greyhound</span> (India)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Banjara</span> (India)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Barb</span> (Australia)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Australian Terrier</span> (Australia)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Kangaroo Greyhound</span> (Australia)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Maltese Terrier</span> (Malta)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Newfoundland</span>, Black (Newfoundland)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Newfoundland</span>, other than Black (Newfoundland)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Huskie</span> (Canada)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Labrador</span> (Canada)</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_036a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GAZELLE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Self-colored black and the different shades of fawn and dirty white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 29 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A big dog built on delicate and elegant lines. The head is fine, lean and bony.
-Skull long and slightly domed. Eyes mild, intelligent and dark brown, like the
-gazelle. Ears are long, hang close to the head and are abundantly coated. The neck
-is long, chest deep, back straight, long and strong, and tail is of fair length. The coat
-is smooth and very soft and the ears and tail are covered with long, wavy, silky hair.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_037a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>LHASSA TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black, dark
-grizzle, slate, sandy,
-or mixture of these
-colors with white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: About 11 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: About 14
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The head is distinctly
-terrier-like, with narrow
-skull, which falls
-away in a marked degree
-behind the eyes.
-The eyes are dark
-brown in color. Ears
-set on low and carried
-close to the cheeks.
-Body not too short, and well ribbed up. The legs are short, with a tendency to crookedness.
-The tail is carried over the back. A low carriage is considered a sign of impure
-blood. The coat is of good length, straight and very dense with a strong growth
-on the skull, and the legs should be well coated right down to the toes.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_037b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>TIBETAN MASTIFF</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black and tan, red with black saddle, mahogany red, or all black. White
-is sometimes seen on the chest and toes.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: Not less than 30 in. Weight: Not less than 160 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a large, powerful and noble-looking animal, in aspect courageous, grim and
-earnest. The skull is broad and arched, with prominent occiput. His small eyes are
-dark brown in color, and often show the haw. The deep wrinkles around the eyes
-give him a sullen, savage look. Ears set on high, hang straight down, and not too long.
-His neck is short and powerful, the hair on it standing up like a mane. The tail is
-short, bushy and usually carried over the back, and his coat is soft, thick, long and
-straight, with a woolly undercoat.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_038a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>RAMPUR GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Mouse-gray.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 30 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 75 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a powerfully built greyhound, with a long, strong skull, flat between the
-ears, without any stop and has powerful jaws. His light yellow eyes give him a hard
-and cruel expression. His ears are fairly large and are filbert shaped. The body
-is somewhat coarse, of fair length. Chest very deep and back slightly arched. When
-in action the tail is carried horizontally and the end slightly curled upwards. His
-coat is like that of a freshly clipped horse, if longer is a sign of impure blood.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_038b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BANJARA</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Self-colored, sandy, light
-fawn, and the various shades of gray.
-Without white if possible, but a little
-white on chest and toes does not disqualify.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 45 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is indigenous to the North
-of India, is as hard as nails in constitution,
-somewhat rough and rugged
-in outlook, but a well-built, symmetrical
-dog, possessed of considerable
-speed. His expression should be
-very keen and wicked, especially
-when roused. Head is long and flat,
-well filled up before the eyes, with a
-strong punishing jaw. The ears lay flat on the cheeks and are filbert shaped. His small
-eye is close set, and the color varies to the shade of the dog’s coat. The body is moderately
-long and falls away a good deal to the set-on of the tail, which also is set on low
-and carried with an upward sweep. His coat is very thick and dense and close lying,
-soft to the touch but not silky.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_039a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BARB<br /> (The Australian Sheep Dog, often called the Kelpie)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 54 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A well-built, medium-sized dog
-with a head like the Pomeranian or
-Schipperke. His almond-shaped, dark
-eyes convey an intelligent expression.
-The ears are pricked, neck long and
-well arched, back straight, chest deep
-but not too wide, and well developed
-loins. The tail is of medium length
-and carried rather high, and his coat
-is of fair length, straight and harsh.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is extensively used by
-Australian and New Zealand shepherds
-in the work-a-day life on their
-sheep ranches. His intelligence and
-adaptability as a working sheep dog
-is said to be even more pronounced
-than the best English, Welsh or
-Scotch exponents. Furthermore, he
-has been bred in some quarters so
-that he cannot bark.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_039b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>AUSTRALIAN TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Blue or gray body, tan on legs or face, with a top-knot of blue or silver.
-Clear sandy or deep red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 10 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 15 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a rather low-set dog, compact and active. The head is long, full between
-the eyes with a top-knot of soft hair. Eyes small, keen and of dark color. Ears small,
-set high on skull, free from long hairs, and may be either cropped or uncropped. The
-tail is docked. The coat should be straight and of wiry texture.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_040a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>KANGAROO GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All colors. Black not desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 29 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 66 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance he resembles the English Greyhound, but is heavier built.
-The skull is broader between the ears and more domed and the ears are not set so
-high as those of the English dog. His eyes are brown and intelligent. Neck slender,
-muscular and slightly arched. Back long and strong, with short, arched and muscular
-loins, and his hindquarters are well developed and very muscular. The tail is long
-and fine and carried downwards and his coat is smooth and fine, though sometimes
-coarser on the body.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_040b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>MALTESE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Pure white, without shade or tint.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: From 8 to 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: Under 12 lbs.; the smaller the better.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a bright, spritely, active dog of very taking character. His head is much
-like that of a drop-eared Skye Terrier in miniature, but rather shorter and thicker in
-muzzle. The ears are moderately long and are covered with long, silky hair, and his
-eyes are very dark and piercing. He is short and cobby in back, and legginess should
-be avoided. The tail is short, well feathered, particularly towards the end, and carried
-gracefully over the back.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_041a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>NEWFOUNDLAND (Black)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: A. Jet black with a slight tinge of brown or a splash of white on chest and
-toes is not objectionable. B. Black and white, or white and black. Beauty in markings
-is of great consideration. C. Self-colored bronze.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 27 in. or more.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 100 lbs. or more.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog should impress the eye with strength and great activity. He is a free
-mover for his size and should be sound on his legs. The head is broad, massive, flat,
-with the occiput well developed. There is no decided stop and the muzzle should be
-short and rather square in shape. The eyes are small, dark brown, showing no haw,
-and set widely apart. Small ears set well back and covered with short hair without
-fringe. He should be massive in bone, well ribbed up in body, with broad back and
-strong loins and hind quarters. Dew claws are objectionable. The tail is of moderate
-length and should be well covered with long hair, carried downwards when in repose.
-Tails with a kink in them or curled over the back are very objectionable.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_041b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>NEWFOUNDLAND (Black and white)</h3>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>
-<img src='images/i_042a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The Huskie Sledge Dogs of Northern Canada</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c010'>The Huskie is a strong, powerfully built dog, varying in size and color, but uniform
-as to his great bone, stamina and dense coat. He is extensively used for all manner of
-draught work in which service he has made himself indispensable to mankind in the
-northern latitudes. See special chapter on Alaskan dogs.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_042b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>THE LABRADOR RETRIEVER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 80
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Labrador
-is of medium
-size, strong and
-well built, head
-strong and
-rather long
-with wide, rather
-flat skull
-with a slight
-ridge running
-down it. The
-eyes should be
-oval in shape,
-dark brown in
-color and of
-gentle and intelligent
-expression.
-Being a hard working dog the body should be rather long and well ribbed up, and
-deep in the brisket. He should carry his thick and bushy tail rather high but not on the
-back. His coat should be very profuse, and of moderate length, lying close to the body
-and very oily.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>French Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pyrenean Sheepdog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>French Sheepdog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Barbet</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Smooth-Coated Basset</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Rough-Coated Basset</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Rough-Coated Basset of Brittany</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Basset of Ardennes</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Rough-Coated Basset of Vendée</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Blue Basset of Gascogne</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>French Pointer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Dupuy Pointer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pointer of Ariege</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pointer of Saint-Germain</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pointer Bourbonnais</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Blue Pointer of Auvergne</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>French Setter</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Setter of Picardie</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Setter of Pont-Audemer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Griffon Boulet</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Griffon Guerlain</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Griffon Nivernais</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Griffon Fauve de Bretagne</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Griffon Vendeen</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>French Bulldog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Non-Corded Poodle</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Corded Poodle</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Toy Poodle</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bordeaux</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Hound of Vendée</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Poitevin Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Poitou Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Normand Dog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Saintonge</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Gascogne</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Franche-Comté</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Artois</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Virelade</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Gris de Saint-Louis</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_043a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>PYRENEAN SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All white, sometimes with small orange patches on the ears.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 30 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 155 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a large, well-built dog, with a rather weak head in comparison to his body.
-The skull is slightly rounded, and the muzzle should not be too square. The small
-eyes should be brown and set obliquely in the head. Ears of medium size, hanging
-close to the head. The tail is long, well feathered and carried low, and his coat is long,
-straight, dense, and fitting close to the body.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_044a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FRENCH SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Dirty black,
-slate, grizzle and reddish.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a well-built
-dog of medium size,
-with a busy and intelligent
-appearance,
-and is well covered
-with a shaggy coat.
-The head is strong
-and covered with long
-hair, forming eyebrows,
-beard and
-whiskers, yet the eye
-is not hidden by the
-hair. The eyes are
-brown and very expressive,
-ears short,
-erect and never pendulous
-and often
-cut. Body is well-built for endurance. The tail is never docked, of medium length
-and carried low, and his coat is long and woolly.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_044b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BARBET</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Grizzle black, creamy brown, dirty white, white and chestnut, and white
-and black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Barbet is a strongly made dog, very compactly built. Is round and broad
-in skull with forehead well developed. Muzzle broad and short, well furnished with
-long moustaches. The eyes are round, lively and intelligent and dark brown in color,
-and are entirely hidden by the long and thick hair on the eyebrows. The ears are
-set on low, are long and flat and well covered with long, curly hair, which often
-forms cords or ringlets. The body is strongly built, ribs and loins well rounded and
-muscular. The forelegs are straight with plenty of bone and covered with long hair.
-The tail is set on low, carried slightly upwards. The Barbet’s coat is long, woolly and
-curly, forming cords or ringlets.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_045a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SMOOTH-COATED FRENCH BASSET HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black with white and tan, the head, shoulders and quarters a rich tan, and
-black patches on the back. They are sometimes hare-pied.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 13 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The head is most perfect when it closely resembles that of a bloodhound. It is
-long and narrow with heavy flues, prominent occiput, and forehead wrinkled to the
-eyes. The general appearance of the head should indicate high breeding and a
-reproachful dignity. The eyes show a kind expression and no haw is visible. Ears
-very long, so long that in hunting they will often actually tread on them, set on low,
-and hang loose in folds like drapery. Their texture is thin and velvety. Forelegs
-only about four inches long. Stern is carried hound fashion, coat short, fine, smooth
-and glossy. Skin is loose and elastic.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_045b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ROUGH-COATED FRENCH BASSET HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Any recognized hound color.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 13 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A very powerful hound for its size, on short and strong legs. The head is large,
-skull long and narrow and peak well developed. A snipy or weak jaw is objectionable.
-The eyes are dark with a kindly and intelligent expression. Ears set on low, of good
-length and fine in texture. Chest large and very deep. Body massive, of good length,
-any weakness or lightness of loin being a bad fault. Forelegs are short and very
-powerful. Stern of moderate length and carried gaily. The coat is profuse, thick and
-harsh to the touch, with a dense undercoat, and may be wavy.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_046a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF BRITTANY</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Tawny red with white markings.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a coarse-looking dog with long body and short, heavy neck. The head is
-long with high domed skull. Stop slightly developed and long muzzle. The eyes are
-dark in color, ears long, rounded at the tips and slightly folded. Stern of medium
-length and carried upwards. The coat is wiry and broken, of fair length, softer on the
-skull and ears.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_046b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BASSET OF THE ARDENNES</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black and tan, hare color or tawny red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 15 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 55 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a typical hound, a bloodhound in miniature. The head is large but not
-broad, skull high and narrow, occipital bone well developed, with pendulous lips. Eyes
-brown, with eye lids loose and pendulous. The ears are long, fine and hanging forward
-close to the jaws. Body is heavy and massive and the back long, broad and
-deep. The stern is carried hound-like. The coat is short, hard on the body, but
-softer on the ears and skull.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_047a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ROUGH-COATED BASSET OF VENDÉE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with red patches or tri-color.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 15 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a dog of strong and muscular shape, with a long, lean, slightly rounded
-head. The eyes are dark brown with an intelligent outlook and somewhat hidden by
-the strong eyebrows. The ears are soft, flat and covered with white hair. Body long
-and low, and deep in chest. The stern is short, set on high and carried very gaily.
-The coat is hard but of rather fine texture.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_047b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BLUE BASSET OF GASCOGNE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Tri-color, so-called trout color, blue mottled, white with black and light
-tan spots above the eyes.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 14 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a strong and massive dog, with a long, well developed head, skull high and
-narrow, prominent occiput and lips not too pendulous. The eyes are dark brown,
-ears very long and folded. He is long in body, with broad and deep chest. The stern
-is fine, set on low, and carried upwards, and his coat is short and dense.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_048a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FRENCH POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>The stern is generally docked; in all other respects similar to the English Pointer.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_048b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DUPUY POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Pure white with small or large dull brown markings.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 27 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Dupuy Pointer is a big upstanding dog with considerable elegance in his
-movements. The head is narrow and long. Occipital bone prominent, muzzle long,
-lean and slightly arched. Eyes golden brown in color with a rather melancholy expression.
-Nose well developed and broad and brown in color. Lips fine, thin and very
-tight. Ears set on rather high, very fine in texture, not too long, and folded backwards.
-The neck is long and gracefully arched. Chest deep and narrow. Hindquarters
-strong and muscular. Stern long, set low and carried like a greyhound’s tail.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_049a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POINTER OF ARIEGE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with light brown or lemon spots.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is elegant in build and well developed. The skull should be rather narrow
-with the occipital bone well defined. Muzzle long with a slight stop. Lips thin
-and pendulous. Ears very thin, long and set on low. Neck long, graceful, strong and
-free from dewlaps. Chest broad and deep, long in the back and loins. Hindquarters
-muscular and well developed. The tail is long, set on rather low, and generally docked.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_049b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POINTER OF SAINT-GERMAIN</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White
-with large lemon
-markings, not
-spots.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 27 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance
-he is a
-clever looking,
-graceful dog, symmetrical
-in shape
-and standing
-rather high on the
-leg. The occipital
-bone should be
-well developed.
-Skull rather broad. Stop well defined, and the muzzle long and straight. Eyes golden
-or yellow in color. Ears set on high, shorter than the ears of the French Pointer,
-but longer than the ears of the English Pointer. The neck is strong and well arched;
-chest deep and broad. Hindquarters muscular and fully developed. Tail thick at the
-root, carried straight or with a little curve but no curl at the tip.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_050a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POINTER BOURBONNAIS</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White
-with light chestnut
-spots, and no
-large markings.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is rather
-lighter in bone
-than the English
-and French
-varieties, is shorter
-and more compact
-in build, and
-more of the appearance
-of a cob.
-The head should
-be long, straight
-and rather broad;
-eyes large, dark
-amber in color,
-and with an intelligent
-expression. Ears fine and not too long, set on rather low and hanging in folds.
-Neck strong, short and muscular. Chest deep and broad. Hindquarters short, round
-and muscular. Stern set on rather low, and not more than 3 inches in length.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_050b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BLUE POINTER OF AUVERGNE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with black markings and tickings, giving a blue effect. Head always
-black with a white blaze up the face.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 53 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance this dog is of perfect proportions suitable for hard work.
-The occipital bone should be well defined. Skull broad with a pronounced dip below
-the eyes. Muzzle straight and cheek bones well developed. The eyes should be dark
-brown in color. Lips very pendulous. Ears long and fine in texture, hanging in folds
-and should be set on level with the eyes and not carried too closely to the head. Neck
-strong, slightly arched and throaty. Hindquarters and legs similar to other varieties
-of the Pointer. Stern strong at the root and generally docked and set on low.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_051a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FRENCH SETTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White
-with chestnut
-patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The French Setter
-is a strong,
-shapely dog of an
-imposing appearance.
-The head is
-strong and well
-developed. Skull
-round, broad and
-long with the occipital
-bone well
-defined and the
-stop nicely chiselled.
-The eyes
-should be rather
-small, dark amber
-in color, and of open expression. His chest should be very deep and broad
-with long and rather flat ribs. The stern set on high, rather long and be carried in
-two curves; the first convex and the second concave, with a nice fringe of long, wavy,
-silky hair. His coat should be thick and not bright, smooth on the head and flat on
-the body with a fair amount on the belly, chest and throat and the ears and legs well
-feathered.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>SETTER OF PICARDIE</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a variety of the French Setter and is sometimes called the black Setter
-of the North. The points are the same, except that in color he should be brown and
-grizzle, black or black and tan.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_051b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SETTER OF PONT-AUDEMER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Brown
-and grizzle, brown
-and white, or self-colored
-brown. A
-black or black and
-white coat is objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog should
-be of a short,
-thick-set build
-with a cobby appearance.
-The
-skull should be
-round with prominent
-occipital
-bone, forehead rising
-well toward
-the top-knot or
-crest. Eyes dark amber with a good and frank expression. Nose brown and
-nostrils well open. The ears should be set on rather low, hanging close to the neck
-and should be very long and well furnished with long, crisp hair. The chest is deep
-and broad, back and loins strong and muscular; back slightly convex, strong and short.
-The stern should be strong in bone at the root, carried rather straight and is generally
-docked. The coat should be crisp on the ears and top-knot, which should stand
-upright, and rather thick and curly on the body. The hair on mask should be smooth.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_052a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GRIFFON BOULET</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Chestnut, dead leaf color with or without white, never with black or
-yellow.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A rather coarse-looking dog, but with a sharp appearance and his expression is
-mild and intelligent. Has broad and round skull, long, broad and square muzzle, with
-heavy moustaches. The “stop” well defined but accentuated by strong eyebrows, give
-him a rather savage aspect. The eyes, however, are intelligent and affable, of yellow
-color. The nose is light color or brown with nostrils well open. The chest is broad
-and deep and the ribs well arched. The forelegs are strong and muscular, covered
-with abundance of long hair. The straight tail is of medium length, well covered with
-hair but no feathering. His coat is of a nondescript character, fairly long, and silky
-without brilliancy and smooth or wavy, but is never curly.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_052b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GRIFFON GUERLAIN</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with
-orange or yellow
-patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a medium-sized
-dog, short in
-the body and compactly
-built. He has
-a big head for his
-size and the eyes are
-rather large and light
-brown in color. The
-nose is always brown
-with nostrils well
-open. Chest broad
-and back strong and
-well developed. The
-legs are straight and
-muscular, rather on
-the long side and well covered with short, wiry hair. Stern is carried straight, covered
-with wiry hair but without feathering, and a third of its length is generally docked.
-The coat is hard and wiry, rather short and not curly.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_053a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GRIFFON NIVERNAIS</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Tri-color, black and tan and brown, with or without dirty white patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strongly built dog, rather long in body and not particularly attractive in appearance.
-The head is fairly long and rather square with slightly domed skull. Muzzle
-also of medium length and of square formation. The eyes are bright, intelligent and
-brown in color. Ears set high and well back on the head, of good size and hanging
-without folds close to the head. Back long, straight and muscular, as also are the
-loins. The legs are straight with plenty of bone and covered with hard hair. Stern
-of medium length, also well covered with hair. The coat is semi-long, close and of a
-hard texture.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_053b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GRIFFON FAUVE DE BRETAGNE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Fallow, inclined to red, sometimes discolored red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A heavily-built dog, very robust. The head is large and strong with flat skull,
-prominent occiput and muzzle of good length, square and strong. The ears should
-not be too long and are covered with soft hair. The neck is short and muscular and
-the chest deep. He is endowed with plenty of bone in the leg and has splendid feet.
-The stern is of medium length, well covered with hair but not any feathering. The
-coat is semi-long, hard and wiry.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_054a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GRIFFON VENDEEN</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White and
-orange, white and
-wheaten, white and
-mouse-gray, and with red
-or brown patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>An upstanding dog of
-firm structure, covered
-with a hard and close
-coat. The head is rather
-big and typical, pronounced
-in occiput and
-muzzle of good length.
-The eyes are rather
-small, brown in color
-and full of life. Ears
-long, nicely folded and
-hang gracefully. He is muscular in body, deep and broad in chest with a rather long
-muscular back. The stern is of medium length, carried gaily and well covered with
-hard hair. The coat is thick, hard and wiry.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A similar dog to the Vendeen but more nervous in temperament and not so heavily
-coated as the Griffon de Cosse, and those marked with the red or brown patches are
-called Griffons du Grip or Griffons d’Anjou.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_054b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FRENCH BULLDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Almost any color,
-but black and black and tan
-will disqualify.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: Three classes are
-provided, under 20 lbs., 20 to
-24 lbs., and 24 to 28 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The French Bulldog ought
-to have the appearance of an
-active, intelligent and very
-muscular dog of cobby build
-and heavy in the bone for his
-size. The head should be large
-and square with the forehead
-nearly flat, the muscles of the
-cheek well developed but not
-prominent. “Stop” as deep as
-possible. The forehead should
-be wrinkled, and the skin of
-the head not tight. Eyes moderate in size and dark in color. “Bat” ears of medium
-size, large at the base and rounded at the tips and placed high on the head. The
-body should be short and rotund with a distinct roach and light but sound
-quarters. His shoulders should be strong and he should stand on short but fairly
-stout limbs for his size. The fundamental difference between the French Bulldog and
-the English miniature is seen in the foreface which in the French should show some
-slight protrusion of the under-jaw, and some turnup, but no layback.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_055a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CORDED POODLE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All black,
-all white, all red,
-or all blue.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The most popular
-varieties of the
-Poodle are the
-corded and non-corded.
-In general
-appearance he
-presents an active
-and elegant outline.
-He is a well-built
-dog and carries
-himself proudly.
-The head is
-long, straight and
-fine. The muzzle
-should be strong
-and the lips black
-and fit tightly.
-Eyes almond
-shape, very dark
-brown, and full of fire and intelligence. The ears are long and wide, set on high and
-hang close to the head. The back is strong and muscular. The tail is set on high and
-should never be curled or carried over the back. In the corded variety the white
-Poodle should have dark eyes, black or dark liver nose, lips and toe nails. The red
-Poodle should have dark amber eyes, with dark liver nose, lips and toe nails. The
-blue Poodle should be of even color, without patches of black or white, and have dark
-eyes, lips and toe nails. All the other points of the white, red and blue Poodle should
-be the same as  the perfect black Poodle. The coat should be very profuse, of good,
-hard texture, hanging in tight, even cords. In the non-corded variety the coat should
-be very profuse, of hard texture of even length, and may be either curly or fluffy.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_055b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>NON-CORDED POODLE</h3>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_056a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>TOY POODLE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Similar in all respects to the non-corded
-variety, but the coat is softer
-and silkier, and he should not stand
-more than 12 inches high or weigh
-more than 10 pounds.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_056b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BORDEAUX</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Reddish fawn, with red mask, red with red mask, fawn and no mask,
-fawn or red with black mask. Brindles, blacks and pied disqualify.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 29 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 120 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a smooth-coated dog, very powerful in build, somewhat low in stature,
-massive, broad and muscular. He possesses an enormous head, greater in proportion
-to his body than that of any other breed, and should be very long and broad, high and
-square, and the whole of the face and muzzle should be covered with ropes of loose
-skin, lying in wrinkles. The eyes are small, wide apart, deep set, light in color, and
-very penetrating in expression. The “rose” ears when uncropped should be small and
-fine in texture. The neck is very thick and powerful, with skin very loose, forming
-a dewlap on each side of the throat. Back is short and straight, of great breadth at
-the shoulder, and the hindquarters should be pear-shaped, as in the bulldog, and it
-should not be forgotten that this dog is the gladiator of his race.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_057a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>HOUND OF VENDÉE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White or with dark red and yellow patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 28 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 58 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong dog, well built and elegant. His head is clean and slightly arched and
-skull rounded. The eyes are dark yellow or dark brown in color. Nose brown with
-well open nostrils. The ears are flexible, thin, long, pendulous, set on low and nicely
-folded. The neck is long, clean, well muscled and splendidly arched. The loins are
-well arched, powerful and deep. Legs clean, straight and well boned and stern of
-medium length, tapering and carried rather high. The coat is short and fine.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_057b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POITEVIN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White,
-blue and orange,
-with pale tan
-markings on body
-and legs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 58 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a muscular
-sort of dog
-with rather square
-fine head, slightly
-domed in skull, occipital
-bone not
-particularly well
-developed. Eyes
-are brown and
-intelligent. Nose
-black with open
-nostrils. Ears well
-set on, rather
-short and well
-folded. Neck
-of good length. Back slightly arched and chest not too deep. The legs are straight,
-strong and well boned. Stern of medium length, carried gaily and with a short, rather
-thick coat.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_058a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POITOU HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White,
-black and tan, and
-tri-color.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 58 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A muscular dog
-with limbs rather
-flat but large.
-The head is lean,
-fine and carried
-proudly on a well
-arched neck. The
-skull is slightly
-domed and the occipital
-bone just
-visible, and the
-muzzle should be
-long. The brown
-eyes give him a
-bright and intelligent
-expression.
-The ears are
-moderately short,
-very thin, velvety and hang gracefully in folds. His deep chest, slightly arched back,
-well muscled loins and straight, well-boned limbs, fit him for arduous work. The stern
-is of medium length and tapers towards the point. The coat is coarse and should not
-be too short, especially on hindquarters and stern.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_058b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>NORMAND DOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with large brown, black or grizzled patches, tri-color with grizzle
-saddle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 29 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 78 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A heavy, strong, rather coarse-looking dog and is the heaviest of all the French
-Hounds. He has a long, broad skull with coarse muzzle and the skin on the head is
-very loose and wrinkled. The eyes are full and gay and the haw is visible. Ears set
-on low, long, thin, velvety and folding inwards. The body is rather long and heavy.
-Neck short, strong and thick with heavy dewlap. Back broad, strong and well
-muscled. Legs strong, muscular and with rather coarse bone. The feet are clean
-and pointed. The stern is thick at the root, tapering towards the point and carried
-gaily, curved upwards. The coat is short and coarse in appearance.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_059a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SAINTONGE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with black patches and blue belton. The ears and palate always
-black and he has light tan spots above the eyes.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 28 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 62 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance this dog is elegant and not too heavily built. The head is
-lean, light and of a fair length, with skull slightly arched and with occipital bone well
-developed. The eyes are bright and intelligent, showing the haw and brown in color.
-Ears long, fine, set on low, black in color, edged with a light tan. Chest deep and rather
-narrow; legs straight, lean and rather long. Stern is of medium length and tapering.
-Coat short and fine.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_059b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GASCOGNE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Blue or white with many black spots, blue mottled, and pale tan markings,
-rather black and the legs tinted with red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 55 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a strong and massive dog, with a large and sometimes a rather long head,
-with the occipital bone well developed, resembling in this respect a bloodhound. The
-eyes are brown, bright and clear, and somewhat hidden, showing the haw. The lips
-are pendulous. Ears very long, rather fine and well folded. Chest very deep, back
-broad and strong. The stern is fine but not too long and carried well up. Coat short
-and hard on the body, soft and silky on the skull and ears.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_060a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FRANCHE-COMTÉ</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with yellow, orange or red patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 54 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog of medium size and symmetrically built. The head is fine and of fair
-length with domed skull and the occipital bone slightly developed. Eyes of medium
-size, bright and brown in color. Ears are set on low, of medium length, thin and soft.
-He is rather short in the neck, chest deep, ribs not too rounded, legs well boned and
-muscular. His stern is set on high, rather short, and tapers to a fine point. The coat
-is smooth, fine and glossy.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_060b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ARTOIS</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with yellow or red patches, tri-color with black saddle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong and well-built dog of medium size. Rather long skull, with the stop
-not too deep. The eyes are full, dark yellow or light brown in color. The ears are
-broad, very long and set on low. Body not too long, neck rather short, back strong
-and straight. His legs are not too long and are straight and strong. The stern is
-strong and carried upwards. The coat is short and not too silky.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_061a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>VIRELADE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with large black patches and light tan spots.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: About 29 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: About 62 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog of great size, yet strong and light and rather long in the body. The head
-is fine rather than heavy; occipital bone well developed, and has pendulous lips. The
-eyes are brown in color and the ears long and fine. He is strong, straight and well
-boned in the legs. The stern is long and carried hound-like, and he is short in coat.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_061b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GRIS DE SAINT-LOUIS</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Grizzle on the back, red brindled with the legs of a hare color, or the back
-rather black and the legs tinted with red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 55 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a dog of good size, rather high on the legs, strong and symmetrically built.
-The long, well developed head has a broad skull, slightly rounded and stop well
-defined. The muzzle is of medium length, square and strong. His bright and intelligent
-eyes are dark brown in color. The ears are set well back on the head, are long,
-thin, and nicely folded. Neck not too long and very muscular. He is strong and
-broad in back with a deep and capacious chest. Legs straight, long and well boned.
-The stern is thick and well covered with hair and carried very curved. The coat is
-hard and wiry.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>German Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Great Dane</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Dachshund</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pomeranian</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pomeranian</span> (Miniature)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Dobermann Pinscher</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Affenpinscher</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>German Sheep Dog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>German Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Wire-Coated German Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Smooth-Coated German Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Smooth-Coated German Pointer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Rough-Coated German Pointer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pointer of Wurtemberg</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pointer of Weimar</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>German Setter</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Wachtelhund</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Griffon-Korthals</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Boxer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Hanovrian Limer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bavarian Limer</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_062a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GREAT DANE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Brindle, fawn, blue, black and harlequin. The harlequin should have jet-black
-patches and spots on a pure white ground.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 30 in. or more. Weight: 120 lbs. and over.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is remarkable in size and very muscular. Strongly yet elegantly built,
-which latter feature is an absolute essential, as also is alertness of expression and briskness
-of movement, and generally he should carry a look of dash and daring. The head
-is of great length, muzzle broad, and jaw powerful. The skull should be flat rather
-than domed, and have a slight indentation running up the center. The ears in Germany
-are cropped, set high, and carried erect, with the tips falling forward. The neck
-should be long and well arched, and quite free from loose skin. The body is very
-deep, back strong and hind quarters extremely muscular. His coat is short, dense
-and sleek.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The abolition of cropping by the English Kennel Club resulted in English breeders
-concentrating their attention to the production of a small ear, which would hang
-neatly in lieu of his original large ear, which was desirable when cropping was permitted.
-In doing this, character was at first lost, to some extent, in head, color and
-soundness of limb, but these temporary disabilities have now been largely overcome.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_063a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DACHSHUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black, gray, red or yellow in good harmony, much white is objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: English standard, 7 to 9 in.; German standard, 7 to 8½ in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: English standard, 18 to 21 lbs.; German standard, three classes: A. 15½
-to 16½ lbs.; B. 15 to 22 lbs.; C. Over 22 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>It will be observed from the above that there is a difference of opinion between
-the German and English ideas as to the most desirable size of the Dachshund. This
-dog is of a long, low and graceful conformation. His figure though elongated should
-present a stiff and muscular appearance, notwithstanding his short and crooked front.
-He should not appear lean or weasel-like. His pert, saucy pose of the head is a
-desirable characteristic. The skull is long and narrow, eyes small and in shade should
-follow the color of the dog, ears long, broad and soft, chest narrow and deep with
-breast bone prominent, stern long and strong, flat at the root and carried low. His
-skin should be thick, subtle, loose and in great quantity. There are three varieties as
-regards coat. A—The smooth, short and strong coat. B—The rough, dense, not silky
-or long coat. C—The long-coated variety, which should be straight, though it is
-sometimes wavy, fine and glossy. It should be abundant on the neck, chest, ears,
-forelegs and tail.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>It is worthy of notice that though the Dachshund is of German origin, the English
-Dachshund Club, founded in 1881, preceded the German Teckel Klub by ten years, and
-Dachshunds were exhibited in England five or six years before they made their appearance
-on the show bench in Germany. The “points” of the two clubs also differed considerably,
-more particularly in regard to the head and size. The English breeders
-seemed rather to regard him as a hound, but nowadays there is little or no difference
-between the best specimens of the two countries.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_063b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_064a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POMERANIAN<br /> (Spitz)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White, black, blue, brown, chocolate, sable in all shades, red, orange and
-fawn in all shades, and parti-colors. The whites must be free from lemon or any
-color, and the other colors free from white. In the parti-colors the colors should be
-evenly distributed in body patches. Self-colored dogs with white feet or legs are objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: About 24 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a compact, short-bodied dog, with head and face fox-like. Small erect
-ears, and exhibits great intelligence in expression, docility in disposition and activity
-in buoyancy and deportment. The skull should be somewhat flat, eyes oblique, not
-set too wide apart, bright and dark in color. The neck is short and lion-like, is covered
-with a profuse mane and frill of long straight hair. The tail is a characteristic of this
-breed and should be turned over the back, profusely covered with long spreading hair.
-He should have a long, perfectly straight and glistening coat, sound and even in color,
-and soft fluffy undercoat, the whole effect being of a stand-off, weather resisting
-variety.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_064b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POMERANIAN<br /> (Miniature)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>This breed has now been perfected
-as a toy variety to the
-almost entire exclusion from
-the show ring of the original
-spitz. Formerly he was produced
-in Pomeria, in all sizes
-from 20 to 40 lbs. weight. Then
-the fashionable weight became
-18 to 24 lbs., but latterly breeders
-have perfected the variety
-and he is classified at shows
-as above 8 lbs. and less than 8
-lbs., until nowadays the smaller
-they are the more they are
-appreciated. There are many
-poms around three or four
-pounds weight, and some full
-grown specimens have been
-exhibited as small as 1½ lbs.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_065a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DOBERMANN PINSCHER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black and tan, small white patches on chest is permissible.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 45 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a well built muscular dog, with an appearance denoting quickness, strength
-and endurance, and he has a lively and game temperament. The skull is broad, flat
-and slightly rounded, muzzle long and moderately tapered. Ears well cropped and not
-too pointed. Eyes dark brown, of medium size, with a friendly and intelligent outlook.
-The back is straight and of fair length, with well developed and muscular hind quarters.
-The tail is docked to the length of about 6 inches, and bob-tails are much appreciated.
-He has a short, hard, and close-lying coat.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_065b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>AFFENPINSCHER<br /> (Monkey Terrier)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Gray-black,
-blue-gray, dirty yellow,
-red and their different
-shades. The light-colored
-dogs have often a
-black muzzle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: Not more than
-20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: Under 8½
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a small ladies’
-dog, well built, of compact
-form and very intelligent.
-The head is
-thick and round, covered
-with long, hard and
-unequal hair, muzzle short and strong and he should be under-shot, yet without showing
-any teeth, and well furnished with mustache and beard. The eyes are large, round,
-prominent and very intelligent and dark in color. The eyebrows should be straight
-coated but not hanging, with a general outlook that of the monkey. The ears are
-always cut, carried erect and pointed, set on wide apart and well covered with short
-hair. He has a very compact body, is short in neck and broad in chest. The tail is
-docked to about two-thirds of its length, and is carried upwards. His coat is profuse,
-long, hard and unequal, and should be of a dry nature, with a woolly undercoat somewhat curled.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_066a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black, grizzle, reddish brown, either self-colored or with tan, white and
-white with large dark patches or brindle, with or without tan markings. White on
-the chest and legs is permissible, but not desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 55 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a medium-sized dog, rather long in the body but well built, and is very
-game and intelligent. The head is lean, skull broad between the ears and long lean
-muzzle. The ears are of medium size, carried erect, and pointed forward. The eyes
-are almond-shaped, dark in color, full of “fire” and intelligence, but often sour. The
-body is rather narrow, with deep chest, straight back and strong loins. The tail is
-well coated, carried low when the dog is quiet and gaily but not over the back when
-excited. There are three varieties as to coat: A. Smooth-coated. Short dense and
-hard, round the neck the coat is longer and harder. B. Long haired, wavy and hard,
-the hair on the head partially covering the eyes, and with well marked beard and
-moustaches and tail well feathered. C. Wire-haired. Straight, hard and wiry, that
-on the head and legs being especially short and hard with beard and eyebrows well
-developed.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_066b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GERMAN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White muzzle,
-collar, neck, chest and
-tip of tail; the head,
-body and tail are orange,
-tawny, yellow, black,
-grizzle or brindle, but
-never brown.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 21 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 40 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a lightly made,
-elegant dog, with head
-lean, long and narrow,
-occipital bone not prominent,
-and “stop” slightly
-developed. The eyes
-are bright with a friendly
-expression. Ears long,
-broad, flat and round at
-the tips. Fairly light
-in body, which
-is well developed in comparison to the head. Stern long, rather thick, tapering
-point and well covered with long hair, and carried downwards with a slight
-upwards. The coat is long for a smooth-coated dog and is very dense and hard.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_067a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WIRE-COATED GERMAN TERRIER<br /> (Schnanzer or Rattler)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Pepper and salt, iron-gray, silver-gray, dull black with yellow or tan
-markings on head and legs, rust-yellow and gray-yellow. A bright red is objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 18 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 28 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a strongly built cobby dog, of a rather nervous temperament, yet he is gay,
-watchful, very intelligent and courageous, without being quarrelsome. He is a first
-rate rat dog. The head is strong, fairly long, with a flat skull rather narrow between
-the ears, and the occiput is well developed. The ears are set on high and are cropped
-with rounded tips. The oval eyes convey an intelligent and vivacious expression, with
-eyebrows well developed and covered with rough upstanding hair. His back is strong
-and straight and rather flat sided in rib. The tail is set on high, is docked very short
-and if a bob-tail is much appreciated. The coat is as hard, rough and wiry as possible,
-of the stand-off variety and though it is shorter on the head, it is not softer. On the
-muzzle we find a characteristic short beard and whiskers.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This breed has worked himself into popular favor in Germany by his indefatigable
-industry as a worker and as a good friend of the horse, hence he is much appreciated in
-the stable. Certainly he is very intelligent, a very apt pupil, as quick as lightning in his
-movements and unfailing in his fidelity, courage, endurance and muscular strength.
-He is a rare good dog for bad weather purposes.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<h3 class='c011'>SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>This dog is the same in every particular to the wire-coated German terrier, excepting
-that his color is black and tan, black with yellow shade and wolf gray, and the coat
-is smooth, of fine texture and lays close to the body.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_068a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SMOOTH-COATED GERMAN POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Pure brown, brown and white, or white with brown patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is of medium size and is built on good uniform lines. It should not be
-too heavy in the head. The lips should be pendulous. Eyes oval in shape and brown
-in color, varying somewhat according to the shade of his coat, and have a rather grave
-expression. Ears moderately long but not too broad, and should lay without folds
-close to the head. Back straight, broad, short and muscular. The stern is of medium
-length, and should be carried a little above the line of the back, strong in bone at the
-root, but not coming to a fine point. The tail is always docked.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_068b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ROUGH-COATED GERMAN POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Brown and white, apparently grizzled-brown mixed with large brown
-markings.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance this dog follows the characteristics of the smooth-coated
-German Pointer except in the matter of coat, which should be about 2 inches long
-all over the body of a rough, hard and dull texture. In the winter time a considerable
-undercoat is developed. The cheeks are well covered with whiskers, and the eyebrows
-are bushy. On the skull the hair is flat, short, hard and dull.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_069a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POINTER OF WURTEMBERG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Tri-color, so-called trout color, with brown-brindle and patches of tan
-markings. Head and ears darker in color than the rest of the body. Height 27 in.
-Weight 75 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong, shapely dog, not coarse-looking and standing rather high on the leg.
-The skull is long and narrow, occipital and cheek bones well developed. The eyes are
-light brown in color, of intelligent and grave expression and showing a prominent haw.
-Ears set on not too high, and hang gracefully close to the cheeks. The neck should
-be strong, very muscular and throaty. The chest is deep, back straight, broad and
-powerful, and loins broad and deep. The tail is strong and set on not too high.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_069b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>POINTER OF WEIMAR</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Varies
-from silver grizzle
-to mouse grizzle,
-often clearer on the
-head and on the ears.
-White patches on the
-chest and on the feet
-are objectionable, and
-tan markings are decided
-faults.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance
-the dog of Weimar
-is of medium size
-but with muscles not
-so well developed as
-the German Pointer.
-The head is rather
-light, and narrow in
-skull, and the occipital bone well developed. The jaws are long, lips pendulous without
-exaggeration, and the muzzle broad. Eyes of medium size, yellow brown in color.
-Nose flesh-colored, joining on to the muzzle in a clear violet tint. The ears are light
-and somewhat pointed. Tail rather thin and short.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_070a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GERMAN SETTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Self
-colored dark
-brown, often
-with a little
-white on chest;
-white with large
-or small brown
-patches or mixed;
-never black
-or red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance
-the
-German Setter
-is a strong,
-shapely dog,
-not too heavy in
-build. The head
-is rather long,
-skull slightly
-rounded, lips pendulous. Eyes are of medium size, oval in shape, dark brown in color,
-varying in shade with that of the coat. The body should be straight, broad and muscular,
-with neck slightly arched but not throaty; chest deep but not too broad. The
-stern should be of medium length, strong at the root and tapering near the point, carried
-straight to the middle with the end curled upward and well feathered.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_070b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WACHTELHUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Self-colored
-brown,
-often with a
-white patch on
-stern and chest;
-white with large
-or small brown
-patches, or mixed.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Wachtelhund
-is somewhat
-like the
-German Setter
-in miniature and
-is strongly
-built, notwithstanding
-his
-small size. The
-head is large
-and long, skull slightly rounded and fairly broad. Muzzle of fair length and narrow with
-the occipital bone and stop both well defined. The eyes are dark in color, varying in shade
-with that of the coat and of medium size. The ears are long compared with those of the
-German Setter, are set on high and hang close to the head. The neck should be strong
-and not throaty; chest deep, back straight, broad and muscular, and the loins short and
-broad. He is strong and straight on the leg and the tail is usually docked and well
-feathered. The coat is slightly wavy, fairly long and very dense.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_071a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>GRIFFON-KORTHALS</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Steel gray with brown patches or self-colored brown often mixed with
-grey hairs. Also white, grey with brown, or grey with yellow patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is of medium size, symmetrical and well built. The head is heavy and
-long, covered with wiry hair not too long, but there should be a good moustache and
-eyebrows. The muzzle is long and square, nasal bone convex and the stop not too
-abrupt. The eyes are large, very intelligent in expression and brown or dark yellow
-in color. The nose is always brown. Ears of medium size, set on not too low, carried
-close to the head. The back strong and well developed and the forelegs straight,
-muscular and covered with wiry hair. The stern is carried straight out and is covered
-with wiry hair but without feather. About a third of the stern is generally docked.
-The coat is wiry, crisp and harsh like fine iron wire, never curly or woolly. Undercoat
-is dense and soft.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_071b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BOXER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Yellow or brindle,
-with or without
-black muzzle. White
-patches allowed, but liver
-color is a disqualification.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 21 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong, lively,
-smooth-coated dog of
-great activity. The ears
-are set on high, are always
-cropped and when
-at attention the skull is
-freely wrinkled. The
-eyes are dark and large
-and his back is short
-and straight with well
-rounded ribs. The tail
-set high and is always
-docked. Coat short, hard
-and glossy.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_072a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>HANOVRIAN LIMER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Gray-brown, like the winter coat of a deer, tan, red-yellow, darker on the
-mask, ears, and around the eyes, and often with a dark trace down the back.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 54 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance this dog is of medium height, of strong and long structure.
-He is broad in skull and slightly domed, forehead slightly wrinkled, eyebrows well developed
-and protruding. The eyes show no haw and convey an energetic and earnest
-expression. Ears are very broad, set on high, and are carried close to the head. Chest
-wide and deep, back long with broad loins. The tail is long, strong at the root and
-tapering, well provided with long hair and carried downwards. The coat is close, full,
-smooth and elastic, and of a dull appearance.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_072b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BAVARIAN LIMER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Tan, red-yellow, or wheaten, often darker on the back, with muzzle and
-ears nearly always black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 52 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A medium-sized dog, light in bone, with a grave and mild expression. Has a
-broad skull, slightly domed, eyebrows well developed, “stop” slightly defined, and lips
-not too heavy or pendulous. The eyes are dark brown and the haw is not visible.
-The ears are of medium length, broad, set on high, and round at the tips. Body not
-too long and chest fairly broad. Tail of good length, well covered with long hair,
-carried downwards, and is never docked. The coat is full and dense of hard texture,
-finer on the head and ears.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Italian Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Italian Greyhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Italian Griffon</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Italian Pointer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bolognese</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Italian Sheepdog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Sheepdog of Abruzzes</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_073a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ITALIAN SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Dirty yellow, dark
-shades are not desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 62 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a strong, thick-set
-dog with heavy, somewhat
-rounded skull. The eyes
-are hazel color of intelligent
-expression. Ears are short
-and hanging, covered with
-fairly long, straight fur. His
-back is strong and straight;
-tail long, carried low and
-well coated, and the coat is
-curly and dense, except on
-the head, where it should be
-smooth.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_073b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SHEEPDOG OF THE ABRUZZES</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 27 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 66 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A large and coarse
-dog. The head is fairly
-long, somewhat
-broad in skull, slightly
-domed, and without
-stop. The eyes
-are small and dark in
-color; ears of medium
-size and carried close
-to the head. Body
-strong and well built,
-with well developed
-and muscular loins.
-The tail is long, well
-coated, generally carried low, but sometimes over the back. His coat is dense and long,
-especially around the neck, on the back and on the tail. The skull, muzzle, ears and
-forepart of the legs are smooth-coated. A curly coat is a serious fault.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_074a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ITALIAN GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Self-colored, golden
-fawn, but all shades of
-fawn, red, mouse, blue,
-green, and white are recognized.
-Blacks, brindles and
-pied are less desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight, two classes: Over
-8 lbs. and under 8 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is an English greyhound
-in miniature, of very
-slender proportions, and of
-ideal elegance and grace in
-shape, symmetry and action.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_074b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ITALIAN GRIFFON</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All white or white with yellow or light brown patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is known as the Spinone and is a well-built and clever dog of medium
-size. The head is rather long and large and though the moustaches are abundant the
-rest of the hair on the head is of a smooth nature. The skull is not too broad, forehead
-slightly domed, muzzle square and long, and the stop not very clearly defined.
-The eyes, though yellow or light brown in color, are very intelligent. Ears not too
-large, set on rather high and hang close to the cheeks. The stern is carried straight or
-slightly upwards, and is generally docked. The coat is short, hard and wiry, never
-woolly or curly and the undercoat is dense.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_075a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ITALIAN POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with orange patches, white speckled with lemon, white and liver,
-and roan with liver.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 80 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Italian Pointer is a strong, muscular and elegantly shaped dog, full of character.
-The skull is slightly rounded, occipital bone well developed with broad, long
-and straight muzzle. The eyes are oval in shape, dark yellow in color, sympathetic
-and grave in expression. The nose is of brown or flesh color, never black. The lips
-are pendulous, thick and rounded. Ears long and broad, set on at the height of the
-eye, hanging gracefully and round at the tips. The back and loins are broad and
-muscular. The stern is thick and tapering and is generally docked to about 7 in.
-in length.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_075b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BOLOGNESE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Self-colored white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 12 in. or under.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 8 lbs. or less.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a ladies’ toy dog.
-The head is rather broad
-and muzzle not too long.
-The eyes are large, dark in
-color and watery. The ears
-hang, but not too close to
-the head, which gives the
-head a square appearance,
-and are well covered with
-long, curly hair. He is
-straight in the back and
-deep in the chest. The tail
-is curled over the back and
-well coated, and his coat
-should be long, silky and
-curly.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Netherlands Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Draught Dog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Brussels Griffon</span> (Belgium)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Toy Brabantine</span> (Belgium)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Belgian Sheepdog</span> (Belgium)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Schipperke</span> (Belgium)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Papillon</span> (Belgium)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Wire-haired Dutch Terrier</span> (Holland)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Dutch Sheepdog</span> (Holland)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Danish Pointer</span> (Denmark)</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_076a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DRAUGHT DOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>This is more or less of a nondescript variety, but he is worthy of a place in the
-sun by reason of the inestimable service he renders to his master or mistress. Daily
-he may be seen in Belgium and Holland drawing the carts purveying milk, butter,
-vegetables and other similar household necessities. He varies in height from about
-24 in. to 32 in. and weighs around 100 lbs. Fawns and brindles are the most common
-colors. In general appearance he is a cobbily-built strong dog capable of great endurance.
-Naturally he must be strongly made in back and loins, well boned in legs and
-with feet well padded. The tail is generally docked to about three inches. Chapters
-dealing with other purposes to which dogs are put will be found in other parts of
-this work.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_077a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BRUSSELS GRIFFON</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: Under 9 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a ladies’ pet dog, very intelligent, sprightly, robust, of compact appearance,
-and is peculiar for his quasi-human expression. His head is rounded, furnished with
-hard, irregular hair, which is longer around the eyes and on the nose and cheeks.
-The ears are erect when cropped, but not otherwise. The eyes are very large, black
-and with long and black eye lashes, and the hair on his nose should grow upwards,
-towards his pronounced stop. His chin should be prominent, but must not show the
-teeth. The tail is erect and cut two-thirds of its length.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>There is no definite data as to this dog’s precise origin, and though credit for his
-conception belongs to Brussels, it is highly probable that he has been evolved by an
-admixture of the Yorkshire Terrier, Irish Terrier and the Ruby Spaniel. His quaintness
-and degree of dignity, altogether disproportionate to his size, account in a large
-measure for the popular esteem in which he is held.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_077b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>TOY BRABANTINE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>The Toy Brabantine resembles the Brussels Griffon in every respect, except that
-his coat is short and smooth and his color red, or black and tan.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_078a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BELGIAN SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Reddish black, if possible with black muzzle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 21 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 54 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A very intelligent and rustic dog built to withstand the changeable climate of
-Belgium. His sagacity, activity and enduring strength and dauntless courage fit him
-peculiarly as a protector for his Belgian master. The head is long, skull flat, not too
-broad, and moderate “stop.” The eyes are brown, with an inquiring intelligent expression.
-The ears should be stiff and carried erect, and triangular in shape, neck
-rather long, chest broad and not too deep, back straight, broad, strong, and of medium
-length. The tail is carried low in repose and should never be curled over the back,
-and is never docked. There are three varieties as to coat: A. Long and straight on
-the body, smooth on the head, with the inside of the ears protected by dense hair,
-and with considerable coat round the frill or mane. Forelegs well feathered and very
-profuse tail. B. Smooth on the body, head and legs, little longer round the neck, and
-slight feathering on the tail. C. A hard, dry and bristling wire-coat of the stand-off
-variety, more or less the same length all over the body, and with a bushy tail.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_078b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SCHIPPERKE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 12 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is an excellent little
-watch dog, very active and
-always on the alert, very
-courageous, exceedingly inquisitive,
-and a good vermin
-dog. The head is foxy,
-eyes dark brown, oval, and
-keen. Ears quite erect,
-small, triangular and set on
-high, and very mobile. The
-body is short and thick-set,
-chest broad, with straight
-back and powerful loins.
-He has no tail. His coat
-should be dense and harsh on the body, very profuse around the neck, forming a mane
-and frill, but short and smooth on the ears and head.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_079a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>PAPILLON</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Self-colored red mahogany, ruby, chestnut red, dark yellow, or white with
-these patches. Height: Not more than 10 in., the smaller the better. Weight: 8 lbs.
-and under.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a lively and active ladies’ pet dog. The skull is small, slightly domed, and
-muzzle rather snipy. The eyes are round, dark colored, set low in the head, and convey
-a lively expression. The ears are set high on the head, carried erect like the wings of a
-butterfly, from which feature he is often styled the Butterfly Spaniel. The back is
-straight and not too short or cobby. The tail is carried like that of the squirrel and is
-long and heavily feathered, which again accounts for him sometimes being called the
-Squirrel Spaniel. His coat should be long and silky, abundant on the body and tail
-and ears, but short on the mask.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_079b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>WIRE-HAIRED DUTCH TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red, yellow-brown, dirty yellow with moustaches, beard and eye lashes
-often black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 17 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 27 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a rather commonly built dog, lively and intelligent; is a good ratter and is
-a stable dog rather than a ladies’ pet. The head is rather round and short, with stop
-well defined and the skull well covered with a short and hard coat. The eyes are
-rather large and round, dark brown in color, with an intelligent and lively expression.
-The ears are set on high, carried erect, and cropped to points, covered with coat shorter
-and softer than on the body. The tail is always docked, carried gaily and should be
-well coated but without feathering. The coat is hard, wiry and rough, never curly,
-wavy or woolly.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_080a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DUTCH SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Immaterial, but no pie colors allowed.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 21 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 52 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong, well-built dog, very active and intelligent. The head is rather long and
-narrow, with flat skull, no stop, ears erect and of medium size, pointed at the tip and
-set on high. The neck is muscular and clean. Chest deep but not too broad, back
-strong, and on the short side. The tail is carried low, and is never docked. There
-are three varieties as to coat.
-A. A short, smooth coat like that of the smooth collie; B. A long, rough coat
-similar to the rough collie but without the frill; C. A wiry or broken coat with smooth
-mask, and with distinct beard and eyebrows.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_080b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DANISH POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Yellow-orange
-with
-white markings
-on the legs,
-feet, chest, muzzle
-and tip of
-tail. Self-colored
-yellow-orange
-is objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 26 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60
-lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance
-the
-Danish Pointer
-is smaller in
-size than the
-other varieties;
-the head is light and fairly long, muzzle long and broad; eyes of medium size and
-brown topaz in color, giving a pleasant expression, ears soft and hanging gracefully
-close to the cheeks and moderately long; neck is long, round and arched, free from
-dewlaps; body though light is powerful looking; back not too short and very strong,
-with loins and hindquarters full of muscle; stern fine and rather short.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Austro-Hungarian Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Austrian Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Hungarian Sheepdog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bosnian Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Dalmatian</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_081a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>AUSTRIAN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black
-with tan or yellow,
-brown and red in
-all shades and self-colored
-white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 21 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: About
-50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog of medium size, rather long, strong and of elastic structure. The head is of
-medium size, broad in skull, eyebrows well defined, and with pendulous lips. Eyes
-bright, brown and intelligent. Ears of medium length, not too broad, round at the tips,
-and set high. The body is strong, neck of medium length and very strong, chest
-broad and fairly long in the back. Stern is long, strong at the root and tapering. The
-coat: A. smooth, dense and glossy; B. semi-long, wiry and dull.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_081b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>HUNGARIAN SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White or
-dirty white, sometimes
-seen with a yellow tip
-on the ears.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 27 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 73 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a well-made
-muscular dog, with
-broad skull, long and
-tapering muzzle. The
-eyes are small, set in
-obliquely and rather
-close together, of dark
-color and of an
-energetic and sometimes
-sour expression.
-The ears are small and
-carried close to the
-head and covered with
-smooth hair. The back
-is long, straight
-and well developed.
-The tail is carried low. His coat is fairly long, flat, dense and hard, sometimes wavy,
-but never curly.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_082a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BOSNIAN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red, brown white with yellow, or red patches and tri-color. Height: 25 in.
-Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a well-built, lively dog and conveys the impression of great stamina. The
-head is somewhat like that of the rough-coated German pointer, eyes bright, yellow or
-light brown in color, and of medium size. His heavy eyebrows give a rather threatening
-expression. Ears of medium length, broad, rounded at the tips, set on high, and
-hanging close to the head. He is broad in chest with neck long and well arched and
-well rounded in rib. Stern of fair length, strong at the root and carried downwards.
-The coat is hard, wiry and dense.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_082b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DALMATIAN</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Color together with markings are most important. The ground should be
-white. He should be spotted with either black or liver-colored spots clearly defined
-and on no account should the spots run into each other and they should be as round
-as possible.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 55 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong, muscular, active dog capable of great endurance. In size, build and
-outline he very much resembles the pointer.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The eyes are round, bright and sparkling, as dark as possible in the black spotted
-dogs, though a yellow tint is allowed in the liver dogs. Ears are set on high, of
-moderate size and carried close to the head, of fine texture, and the more profusely
-they are spotted the better. His back is strong and muscular, tail of fair length carried
-with a nice curve upwards but not curled and should be well spotted. The coat is
-short, hard, dense and fine in texture, but must not be woolly or silky.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Spanish Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Spanish Pointer</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Medelan</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_083a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SPANISH POINTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Brown and white,
-red and white, black and
-white, and pure brown. The
-white must not predominate.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 80 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance the
-Spanish Pointer is a somewhat
-heavy, loosely made dog,
-larger than the English Pointer.
-The head is indented between
-the eyes, broad in skull,
-square, long and broad in muzzle
-with lips large and pendulous.
-The eyes are large and
-somewhat sunken in the head.
-Ears thin, loose and of moderate
-length. Chest broad and
-deep. Back and hind quarters
-very muscular. The stern is
-strong at the root, tapering towards
-the end and is frequently
-docked.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_083b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>MEDELAN</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: A dirty color or grizzled red
-with white patches and always shaded
-with black or darker color, like the St.
-Bernard and Mastiff.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 27 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 180 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A powerful and imposing dog resembling
-in many features the Mastiff and
-the Bordeaux, but is longer and harder
-in coat. The head is very heavy, powerful,
-large and square, with skull broad
-between the ears. The muzzle short,
-blunt, broad and square, and the lips
-have heavy pendulous flews. Eyes are
-small and brown, and convey a grave
-and sometimes an almost grumbling expression,
-and show the haw. Ears small,
-set on high, and hang close to the head.
-Body is strong, neck strong, heavy and
-muscular, chest deep and broad, back
-long, broad and powerful. Tail long,
-heavy, and carried downwards. Coat is
-semi-long, dense and hard.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Swiss Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>St. Bernard</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Swiss Setter</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Lucern Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Bern Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Swiss Hound</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_084a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ST. BERNARD</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red, orange, various shades of brindle, or white with patches on body,
-of the above named colors. He should have white muzzle, blaze up face, collar, chest,
-forelegs, feet and end of tail, with black shadings on face and ears.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: Not less than 30 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 200 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is known as the “Saintly” breed and may by his size, magnificent appearance,
-beautiful temper and docility be justly regarded as one of the finest examples and
-most noble members of the canine species. The head is large and massive, short and
-square in the muzzle, with great depth from eye to lower jaw. The eyes are rather
-small, deeply set and dark in color, the lower eyelid drooping, showing the haw. His
-expression should betoken benevolence, dignity and intelligence. Ears of medium size
-and not heavily feathered. Chest wide and deep with level back, well rounded ribs, and
-very muscular loins. He should be strong and straight on his legs. The tail is long
-and bushy, carried low when in repose. There are two varieties as regards coat: A.
-In the long-coated variety it should be dense and flat, rather fuller around the neck,
-with the thighs well feathered; B. In the short-coated variety, it should be close and
-hound-like and only slightly feathered on thighs and tail.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_085a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SWISS SETTER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Mixed chestnut and grizzle, trout color, or white and chestnut with
-grizzled patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 52 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In general appearance the Swiss Setter is a well built, intelligent and rustic looking
-dog. The head is rather light and short skull round and broad, occipital bone well
-developed, and with a well defined stop. The eyes should not be too small and should
-be brown or yellow brown in color. Back straight, strong and muscular, chest well
-developed, but not too broad, and well rounded in rib. The stern is often docked,
-otherwise it should be carried scimitar shaped. The coat should be very dense, but not
-hard.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_085b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>LUCERN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Iron-gray, steel-blue, blue mottled with large dark or black patches, and
-some have the head, body and paws with pale yellow or tan markings. Height: 19 in.
-Weight: 45 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog of medium size and of fine structure. Head long, narrow and fine, eyes
-bright, large and intelligent, and dark brown in color, ears set on low, not too broad,
-are long and carried close to the head, with rounded tips. He is straight and broad in
-back. Stern of medium length and tapering to a point. The coat is short, smooth, fine
-and glossy.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_086a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BERN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Tri-color, white, black, brown-yellow, or tan. White with large black
-patches and tan markings on the eyes, jaws, and inside of the ears.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 21 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a leggy and longish dog of elegant and muscular build. The head is long,
-narrow and somewhat pinched. Skull high and occipital bone well developed. The
-eyes are bright and dark. Ears set on backwards and are long but not too broad.
-They are rather pointed at the tips. Is deep and broad in chest, long and not too broad
-in back. Stern is not too heavy, tapers to the point and is carried down. He is smooth,
-short and fine in coat.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_086b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SWISS HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White with
-large yellow, orange or
-tan patches. Frequently
-spotted with red or yellow
-markings and a black
-shade with red color is
-permissible. The skin is
-often spotted with black,
-giving him a blue appearance
-when out of
-coat.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 46 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog of medium size,
-strong but not heavily
-built. The skull is broad
-and the occipital bone
-well developed, eyes rather
-large but not prominent,
-hazel brown, bright
-and intelligent. The ears
-are not set on too high,
-are thin and moderately
-long, and covered with fine hair. Chest deep and not too broad, and is short and broad
-in back. Stern of medium length, fairly short, strong at the root, and well coated. There
-are two varieties as to coat: A. Smooth and dense, which is fine and glossy on the
-head, ears and shoulders, and coarser on the back; B. Medium length, coarse, hard and
-dull.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Russian Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Borzoi</span> (Russian Wolfhound)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Russian Yellow Retriever</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Russian Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Owtchar</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Samoyed</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_087a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BORZOI</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Immaterial, except that self-colored specimens or those with heavy, black
-markings are objectionable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 33 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 100 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Borzoi is one of the most ancient of Russian breeds and should possess great
-size, great speed and great strength. The head is of extraordinary length, and should
-appear rather Roman nosed in profile. The eyes are dark, expressive and almond-shaped; ears small, thin and placed well back on the head; the chest is deep and narrow;
-the back bony, and well arched; loins broad and very powerful, with well sprung
-ribs; the tail is long and well feathered and carried low; the coat should be long and
-silky, not woolly, and on the neck it should be profuse and rather curly.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This breed, though originating from Russia, has been bred and exhibited in England
-since 1872. The Duchess of Newcastle and, a little later, Queen Alexandra, then
-the Princess of Wales, are mainly responsible for the popular favor in which they are
-now regarded. The finest collection in the world, however, is owned by the Grand
-Duke Nicholas, at Perchina, near Moscow. These are said to excel even those possessed
-by the Czar, from whom dogs cannot be purchased.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_088a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>RUSSIAN YELLOW RETRIEVER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Yellow or rich red sable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 28 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 90 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is similar in all essentials to the English Retriever, except that he is a
-size bigger and heavier in coat, and of course different in color, as his name implies.
-He is used principally for tracking wounded deer.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_088b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>RUSSIAN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Grizzle or black, with tan markings, often with a white collar, feet and
-tip of tail.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 58 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The head much resembles that of a wolf, being considerably broader between the
-ears than at the forehead. Eyes of medium size, bright, brown or yellow, sometimes
-nearly black. Ears small and hanging with a tendency to prick when the dog is
-angry. Stern is short, strong at the root, and carried straight. The coat is hard and
-smooth, with a woolly under coat, and the wolf or fox brush.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_089a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>OWTCHAR (Russian Sheepdog)</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Slate color, dirty white, and nearly black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 32 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 105 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a large and strongly built dog of very great antiquity. His head is massive,
-round, and covered with softer hair than on the body. The eyes are rather large, dark
-brown in color, and very intelligent. The ears are of fair size, hanging, well coated,
-and are sometimes cut and carried semi-erect. He has a short, muscular neck, strong,
-well developed body, and is the largest of all the varieties of the sheep dogs, and is
-intended to defend his flocks against wolves. The tail is often docked, otherwise it
-should be well coated, and his coat is very dense and somewhat woolly.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_089b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SAMOYED</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: White or
-white with black,
-brown or wolf
-patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog of medium
-size, well built
-and cobby, covered
-with a thick fur.
-The head is slightly
-domed and fairly
-broad. He is
-rather small in
-eyes, which should
-be dark in color
-and set obliquely
-in the head, and
-convey a very intelligent
-and lively
-expression. The
-ears are erect,
-broad at the root, and taper to a point. The neck is strong and muscular, the chest
-broad and deep, and back short, straight and strong. Tail is short and heavily coated,
-and carried curled over the back. His stand-off coat is semi-long, dense and
-thick, and abundant around the neck, with a short and dense undercoat.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>Breeds of the Northern
-Latitudes of Europe
-and Asia</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Finnish Pom</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Finnish Elkhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Norwegian Elkhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Swedian Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Norwegian Hound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Iceland Dog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Dog of Noorland</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Lapland Sheepdog</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Esquimau</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_090a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Dogs Sledging in the Icefields of the Northern Latitudes.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_090b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FINNISH POM</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Foxy-red or yellow-red,
-often with a white
-patch on chest, feet and tip
-of tail.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 18 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A cobbily-built dog with
-an intrepid and audacious
-appearance. The head of
-medium size, lean, not too
-round, and stop well defined.
-Eyes are obliquely
-set in the head, giving him
-a mild, lively and intelligent
-expression, and are
-dark or light brown in
-color. The ears are set on
-high, carried erect, very
-mobile, and of moderate
-size. Has muscular neck,
-chest deep but not too
-broad, and body straight,
-broad and short. The tail
-is thick at the root, profusely
-covered with long hair,
-and carried curled over the
-back. His coat is smooth
-on head and forelegs, but long, dense and perfectly straight on the body with a dense
-and fluffy undercoat. It should be very abundant around the neck, forming a frill.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_091a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>FINNISH HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red-brown, shade of yellow on muzzle and legs; white patches permissible.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 23 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A proportionately built dog with long, broad muzzle, light brown eyes, deep chest,
-muscular loins, rather high on leg in proportion to his body, medium length tail, carried
-like a saber. His coat is flat, smooth though rather coarse on the back.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_091b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Grizzle in all
-its shade; grizzle-brown,
-grizzle-brown
-and black. A white
-patch on the chest and
-feet is permissible. The
-undercoat should be
-pale brown.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In stature this dog
-is rather short, but he
-has much strength and
-temerity. The head is
-carried high, is large
-and square, broad between
-the ears, with
-“stop” well defined.
-Eyes should be dark
-brown or yellow-brown
-and convey an
-active and courageous
-expression. The ears
-are pointed, carried
-erect and very mobile.
-The body is short, and
-the chest broad and
-deep. The stern is of
-medium length, thick
-and heavy and carried
-curled over the back.
-His coat is short and
-flat on the head but
-hard, coarse and rather
-long on the body.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_092a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>SWEDIAN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black—the head, chest and legs being tan or dark yellow. White
-patches on the head, chest, feet and tip of tail are permissible. Also tan or dark
-yellow with large white patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 33 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a well-built dog with a noble head, which is long and lean. The eyes
-are bright and for preference are dark in color. Chest deep and straight and
-broad in the back. Stern of medium length, strong at the root, and carried with
-a slight curve. His coat is thick, hard, dense and glossy.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_092b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>NORWEGIAN HOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Iron gray patches and spots on blue background; so-called “trout”
-color with brown-brindle in patches, tan markings; blue-merle; black with tan or
-brown markings; tan with white patches. Iron-gray with tan markings is not
-desirable.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a strongly built dog rather long in body, and with a grave and intelligent
-expression. The head is large, of medium breadth, not domed and with
-distinct “stop.” Eyes are brown. Blue-merle dogs have “China” ears. Ears set
-on rather high, of medium length and breadth, and hang close to the head. The
-chest is broad rather than deep. Stern of medium length, carried rather high.
-The coat is thick and glossy.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_093a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ICELAND DOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Brownish or gray, sometimes dirty white or dirty yellow, and is frequently
-seen with black on the back.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 14 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 45 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a lightly built dog with a “game” temperament. The head is large
-in proportion to his body, with broad domed skull, and rather short, snipy
-muzzle. The ears are large at the base, pointed and carried erect, though sometimes
-semi-erect. He is large and deep in chest, short in body, with bushy tail
-carried over the back. His coat is hard, of medium length, flat and shorter on
-the head and legs.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_093b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>DOG OF NOORLAND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All shades of grizzle
-with black or darker
-tips. The under coat should
-be as white as possible. A
-yellow undercoat is a fault.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 22 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A strong and well-built
-dog on rather cobby lines;
-the head is rather small,
-slightly arched and without
-“stop.” Eyes should be
-dark brown, bright and intelligent.
-Ears small, very
-mobile, carried erect and set
-high on the head. Chest
-deep and broad. The tail is
-strong, medium length, and
-curled over the back. The
-coat is short and thick on
-the head, legs and feet, and
-more abundant on the body.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_094a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>LAPLAND SHEEPDOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black,
-rusty black, grizzle
-with white feet.
-White dogs with
-reddish brown
-patches and self-colored
-yellow-brown
-ones are
-highly appreciated,
-but all white is a
-fault.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog has a
-rather long body,
-which is well covered
-with thick,
-abundant coat. The
-skull is broad and
-domed; ears erect;
-eyes large, brown
-and intelligent;
-chest narrow and deep. His tail is sometimes docked, but when not is well
-coated and curled over the back. The coat on the head is short, but on the body
-should be long, thick and dense, and never wavy, and he should have a very dense
-undercoat and a distinct frill.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_094b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ESQUIMAU</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black or rusty black with white patches, and white chest. Sometimes
-brown with gray patches and all white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 16 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a medium-sized, well-boned dog, with broad domed skull, rather snipy
-muzzle, with well defined “stop.” The ears are broad, pointed and carried erect, and
-the insides should be well coated. The eyes are small, dark in color, and of intelligent
-expression. The chest is broad rather than deep and the tail long, bushy and carried
-over the back. His coat is dense, flat, hard and long, especially on the back, with dense,
-woolly undercoat.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>United States of America Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Boston Terrier</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>American Bloodhound</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Chesapeake</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>American Foxhound</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_095a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BOSTON TERRIER</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Brindle with even
-white markings.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: Not exceeding
-27 lbs., divided into three
-classes, as follows: A. under
-17 lbs.; B. 17 to 22 lbs.;
-C. 22 to 27 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The general appearance
-of the Boston Terrier should
-be that of a lively, highly
-intelligent, smooth-coated,
-short headed, compactly
-built, short tailed, well
-balanced dog. The head
-should indicate a high degree
-of intelligence, the
-body rather short and well
-knit, limbs strong and
-neatly turned. This dog
-should convey an appearance
-of determination,
-strength and activity, with easy, graceful carriage. Color and even white markings
-are given particular consideration in the matter of general appearance.
-The skull is square, flat, free from wrinkles, abrupt brow, eyes wide apart, large and
-round, and dark in color. The muzzle is short, square, wide and deep, and free from
-wrinkles, and the ears should be small and thin. The body is deep with wide chest,
-and well sprung ribs. The tail is set on low, straight or screw, short, fine and tapering,
-and the coat is short, smooth and of fine texture.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_095b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>AMERICAN BLOODHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Tan, black and tan. The black and
-tan must be well defined; white is not allowed
-except a small spot on the breast. Height: 28
-in. Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog showing much hound character, but
-is smaller and lighter in muzzle and bone than
-the English Bloodhound. The skull should be
-rounded crossways with the occiput slightly
-prominent. The eyes are piercing with hound
-expression and hazel in color. The ears should
-reach to end of muzzle and as much longer as
-possible; they are thin, covered with a soft
-silky coat, and low set. The neck should be
-clean and of good length without throatiness.
-Back broad, strong and short and hind quarters
-very strong and muscular. The stern is
-not very strong in bone at the root and of medium
-length. The coat is not rough, nor so
-fine as to be silky, wiry or shaggy.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_096a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CHESAPEAKE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Nearly resembling wet sedge grass or discolored coat of the Buffalo.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 24 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A symmetrical and well built dog with a head somewhat broad, yellow eyes, small
-ears placed well upon the head, of lively and intelligent expression. Powerfully built,
-with a somewhat coarse coat which has a tendency to waviness over the shoulders.
-His skin is protected from the water by a short woolly and dense undercoat.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_096b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>AMERICAN FOXHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Not material, but usually black and tan and white. Height: Males, 24 in.
-Weight: 60 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The American Foxhound is a strong, clean-limbed dog, built on lighter lines than
-his English brother and resembles him in all other essentials.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Mexican Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Mexican Hairless</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Chihuahua</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_097a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>MEXICAN HAIRLESS</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Generally color of elephant’s hide. The skin always feels cold and is
-often mottled with flesh-colored, pink or grizzle patches. Weight: From 8 to 20 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In body properties they somewhat resemble the black and tan “Manchester”
-terrier. The “points” of this breed are not sufficiently well known to have enabled
-breeders to formulate a standard.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_097b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CHIHUAHUA</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Reddish black and fawn. Weight: From 1½ to 4 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This dog is strictly of Mexican origin, though it is also found in the state of Texas.
-It is the most diminutive of all breeds. Is remarkably game and exclusive in its
-affections. His legs are very slender and toe nails very long and strong, features
-which seem to justify the belief that in early days they inhabited the dense forests of
-northern Mexico. The head is round with sharp pointed nose, and large erect ears.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This breed is famous as a performing dog, being very intelligent and agile.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Japanese Breed</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='sc'>Japanese Spaniel</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_098a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>JAPANESE SPANIEL</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black and white, or red and white. The term red includes all shades of
-sable, brindle, lemon and orange, but the brighter and clearer the red the better. The
-white should be clear white and whatever color the patches are they should be evenly
-distributed over the body, cheeks and ears.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a lively, highly bred little dog, of dainty, smart appearance, compact carriage,
-profuse coat, and very stylish in movement. The head should be large, broad,
-and slightly rounded, with strong and wide muzzle, very short from eyes to nose. The
-under-jaw should be slightly turned up, but the teeth should not be shown. The
-nose should be wide and open, and must be the color of the dog’s markings. The
-eyes are large, dark, lustrous, prominent and set wide apart. Ears small, nicely
-feathered and set high on the head. The body is very compact and squarely built with
-short cobby back. In fact the length of the dog should be about equal to his total
-height. The tail is carried in a tight curl over the back and should be profusely
-feathered, so as to give the appearance of a beautiful plume.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>During the last thirty years the popular taste for the Japanese Spaniel has called
-for smaller and smaller specimens, until now the more diminutive they are the more
-valuable have they become. In Japan they are affected by the ladies as “sleeve” dogs,
-such being almost priceless. It is not now uncommon to find them 2½ lbs. weight,
-though fully matured. These small specimens are now also freely bred in England,
-the climate of which country appears to suit them very well.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Chinese Breeds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pekingese Spaniel</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Happa</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Chow-Chow</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pug</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Chinese Crested</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Little Lion Dog</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_099a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>PEKINGESE</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All colors are allowable—red, fawn, black, black and tan, sable, brindle,
-white and parti-colors. Those with black masks and “spectacles” around the eyes and
-lines to ears are the most appreciated.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: A. 10 to 18 lbs.; B. Under 10 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is probably the most fashionable pet dog now in vogue. His character is full
-of dignity and consummate pride, and disgust for anything menial or common. His
-head is massive, broad, wide and flat between the ears and eyes. The eyes should
-be large, dark, prominent, round and lustrous. “Stop” deep. Ears heart-shaped,
-drooping and well feathered. Muzzle very short, broad and wrinkled. He has a heavy-fronted
-body and light hind quarters, and the great coat on the frill and neck give him
-a lion-like appearance. The coat should be long, straight and flat, with dense undercoat
-and well feathered on thighs, legs, tail and toes.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_099b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>HAPPA</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>The Happa is identical in every respect with the Pekingese Spaniel, except that his
-coat is short and smooth.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_100a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CHOW-CHOW</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Colors: Black, red, yellow, blue, white. All self-colors.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 20 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight:
-50 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A lively, compact, short-bodied dog with well-knit frame, and tail curled well over
-the back. The skull is flat and broad, well filled out under the eyes, and broad at the
-snout. His tongue should be black, eyes dark and small, though in the blue shades
-a lighter colored eye is permissible. The ears are small, pointed and erect, and should
-be placed well forward over the eyes, a feature which gives the dog a characteristic
-expression or “scowl” peculiar to the breed. The chest is broad and deep; back short,
-straight and strong, and his coat in the rough variety should be abundant, dense,
-straight, coarse in texture, with a soft woolly undercoat. Smooth-coated Chows are
-identically the same as above, except that the coat should be smooth, short and dense.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_100b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>PUG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Silver fawn, apricot
-fawn, black.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 17 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a square and cobby
-dog, short in body, and wide
-in chest. His compactness
-of form and hardness of developed
-muscle are his chief
-characteristics. The head is
-large, massive and round,
-muzzle short, blunt and
-square, and he should have
-large and deep wrinkles. The
-eyes are very large, dark,
-bold and prominent, with a
-soft and solicitous expression,
-and when excited be
-full of “fire.” The ears are
-thin, small and soft and of
-two varieties as regards carriage—“rose”
-and “button.” The tail is curled as tightly as possible over the hip; a
-double curl is considered perfection. His coat is fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy,
-neither too hard nor too woolly.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_101a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>CHINESE CRESTED DOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Height: 12 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 20 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a hairless breed, except that he has a silky top-knot or crest, and some
-feathering or tuft at the root of the tail, which feature is considered very typical of
-the breed. It is difficult to assign its origin, but they are found freely in the South and
-Central American States, Mexico, South Africa and China. The ears should be carried
-erect and are never cut. The conformation of the body is like that of the black and tan
-terrier, but the head is shorter and the skull more rounded. The skin always feels
-cold and is of the color of the hide of an elephant. Some are mottled with flesh-colored patches, and sometimes the skin is of a pink color with grizzle patches.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_101b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>LITTLE LION DOG</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: All colors, self-colored or parti-colors. The most preferable being the
-self-colored white, black and lemon.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 14 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 9 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a small ladies’ pet dog, very active and intelligent, generally with one-third
-of his body clipped or shaved, which gives him the appearance of a lion in miniature.
-The head is short and broad; eyes large, round and intelligent, and dark in color, and
-his well feathered ears are long and hanging. The tail is of medium length, is clipped at
-the root, and well feathered at the tip. The coat is long and wavy, but not curly.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Various Greyhounds</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c004'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Balearic</span> (Spain)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Phu-Quoc</span> (Siam)</div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Persian</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Portuguese</span></div>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Arabian</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>In addition to the above named varieties of the Greyhound, there are others known
-as Greyhounds of Crimea, of Caucasus, of Circassia, of Tartary, of Kurdistan, and of
-Anatoly. None of these, however, have any adopted “points,” but are rather the result
-of crossings between the Borzoi and the different Asiatic greyhounds which are portrayed
-in other parts of this work.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>As a general rule these dogs are used for hunting various kinds of fleet-footed
-game, sometimes in the interest of sport, but more frequently in the protection of the
-homestead against wolves and other kinds of wild beasts.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_102a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>BALEARIC GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Red fawn or fawn with white patches.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 25 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 66 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a lean-looking dog and by no means elegant. The skull is slightly domed,
-narrow and long, and the jaws are long and powerful. His almond-shaped, brown
-eyes convey a sour expression. The ears are pointed, erect, set on high, turned outwards,
-and very movable. The head is lean and straight, neck straight and rather short,
-with short and powerful loins. The coat is short, hard and fairly long on the back, neck
-and tail.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_103a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>PHU-QUOC GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Reddish fawn with black muzzle and with dark strip down the back.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 21 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 40 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a heavy kind of greyhound with a long, slightly domed skull, broad muzzle,
-jaw is long and powerful, lips and tongue black and with reddish eyes giving him a
-savage expression. The ears are carried erect, shell shaped and somewhat pointed.
-He is coarse in body, very long and flexible in neck, with broad and strong loins.
-The tail is short, very movable and carried curled over the back. The coat on the body
-and legs is very short and dense, and this dog is peculiar and different from any other
-kind in that the hair on the back grows the wrong way, and is much longer and harder
-there than on the rest of his body.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_103b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>PORTUGUESE GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Reddish-roe, dark yellow, mouse grey, or black, with small white patch
-only on the chest.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 29 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight About 56 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A muscular and well-built dog, but rather coarse for a greyhound. The head is
-narrow and pointed, jaws long, strong and powerful, and his hazel-brown eyes convey
-a lively expression. The ears are large, carried erect, sometimes semi-erect, pointed
-and set on not too high. The back is long and slightly arched, with muscular and
-rather coarse body, tail long and fine, carried upwards in a slight curve. Coat is
-smooth and in others wire-haired or broken.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span></div>
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_104a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>PERSIAN GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Black, various
-shades of fawn and
-sometimes a dirty white.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 28 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 70 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a rather big
-dog, but delicate and elegant
-in outline. His
-head is fine, light, lean
-and bony, with a slightly
-domed skull. The eyes
-are mild, intelligent and
-dark brown. The ears
-hang close to the head,
-are long and well feathered
-with wavy hair.
-The neck is arched, elegant
-and slender. Chest
-deep and back straight, long and strong. He is moderately long in tail, which is carried
-hanging like a sabre. The coat is smooth and very soft, but is much longer on the
-ears and tail, where it is silky and wavy.</p>
-
-<div class='section'>
-
-</div>
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_104b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<h3 class='c009'>ARABIAN GREYHOUND</h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Color: Light yellow sand color with black mask and black eyelids.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Height: 28 in.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Weight: 65 lbs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>This is a dog of lean, elegant and alert appearance. He is higher on the leg and
-shorter in the body than the English Greyhound. He is not as long in the head but
-more domed in the skull than the English dog, and seen in profile the head has some
-resemblance to that of the Jackal. The eyes are large, dark amber in color, and intelligent
-in expression. He is rather large in ears, which are folded well down on the
-neck. He is strong and muscular in neck with hind quarters well developed. The tail
-is fairly long, fine and carried curved downwards. The coat is smooth, dense and fine.</p>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span></div>
-<div class='chapter'>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_105a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Belgian Dogs trained to draw quick-firing guns</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Dogs in Warfare</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><i>“Cry Havoc! and let slip the dogs of war”</i></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>However trite may be the saying that history repeats itself, it is unquestionably
-apposite in regard to the employment of dogs in warfare. Great hounds were
-used to guard the camps of Rome. In even more primitive times they were
-formidable adversaries in hand-to-hand conflicts, while to come to more modern days
-Frederick the Great and Napoleon—two of the greatest soldiers the world has ever
-seen—held a very high opinion of the value of canine sentries. Napoleon, in fact,
-is said to have urged Marmont to fasten dogs to stakes around the circuit of the walls
-of Alexandria to keep guard.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Recent wars have served to emphasize the advantages which may be gained by the
-use of the peculiar qualities of scent and hearing which dogs possess. Their sense
-of scent we human beings lack almost entirely, while they not only hear audible things
-more quickly than we do, but also hear things which are quite inaudible to us. Is it
-to be wondered at, therefore, that military experts have not been slow to recognize
-such potential properties?</p>
-
-<h3 class='c011'><span class='sc'>What They Have Done</span></h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>The present-day tendency consequently is to bring dogs more and more into the
-foreground in warfare. During the Russo-Japanese War the whole of the Manchurian
-Railway line was guarded by dogs, who gave the alarm, and on several occasions prevented
-the Japanese crossing the line. Those which were sent out from England with
-the Abor Expedition, N. W. Frontier, more than once prevented the sentries from
-being rushed during night duty, owing to their keener sense of hearing. In the Tripoli
-campaign their value was frequently demonstrated, while the dogs belonging to Major
-Richardson, the famous English trainer of war dogs, rendered yeoman service to the
-Bulgarians at the siege of Adrianople, where they were able to give warning of attempted
-sorties by the Turks. Some of Major Richardson’s well-trained animals were
-also used in the Spanish trenches in Morocco, being responsible for the finding of
-hundreds of wounded men who would otherwise have been left to their fate.</p>
-
-<div>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>
-  <h3 class='c011'><span class='sc'>Used by Great Armies</span></h3>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c010'>At the present moment most of the modern armies employ dogs, although naturally
-opinions differ as to the most suitable type of dog. The Russians have adopted the
-Caucasian dog; Austria, Dalmatians; Turkey, Asiatic Sheepdogs; France and Belgium,
-the smugglers’ dogs of the Belgium frontier; while Germany uses Collies, Pointers and
-Airedales. So far the British Army has ignored the value of trained dogs, though the
-Admiralty some five years ago instituted a scheme for the use of dogs in naval stations
-ashore. Major Richardson believes that the only really useful dogs are the Airedale,
-Sheepdog, and Bloodhound.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>What part dogs will play in the present great conflict time only will show, but that
-it will probably be a large one may be gathered from the fact that the German army
-alone possesses over 6,000.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_106a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Corps of Sentry Dogs</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The importance of determining some efficient and economical form of traction for
-Infantry machine guns had been under consideration in Belgium before the war. Up
-till recently, pack-horse transport had been considered the most satisfactory system.
-Exhaustive trials between this method and that of wheel traction by a pair of dogs of
-a breed known in that country as the Belgian Mastiff, have, however, resulted in favour
-of the latter, and the final adoption of this mode of transport for the Machine Gun
-Units of the Belgium Army. This form of traction is not novel in Belgium in civil
-life. According to the Journal of the Royal Artillery the breeding of dogs for light
-draught purposes has long been in vogue in that country, for the purpose of conveying
-farm produce from the country into the towns. Dog traction is employed by the
-country people—milkmen, bakers, greengrocers, and many artisans with light carts—in conducting their trade and business. There are reckoned to be 50,000 dogs available
-for this purpose in Belgium, of which 10,000 are in Brussels alone. They are found
-to be admirably suited for the purpose. Their bodies are thick-set, loins strong, and
-they have deep chests, and muscular limbs. A dog of 110 lbs. weight is capable of
-drawing on a good road a load of 880 lbs., and a horse 1,100 to 1,300 lbs. (or ten times
-and upwards the weight of one of these dogs), cannot draw much more than the
-equivalent increase of his weight. With an average load of 660 lbs. behind the team on
-good roads, a dog can keep up for long distances a pace of 4 or 5 miles an hour; for
-several hundred yards he can attain a speed of from 6 to 7 miles an hour.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The price of a pack-horse is not less than £40, and his daily forage may be reckoned
-to cost about ¼–½ a day, without taking into consideration the construction and upkeep
-of his stable. The pack-saddle costs about £15, whereas dog harness can be purchased
-for the pair of dogs for something less than £4. A male dog costs £4, and his
-food per day amounts to about 4½d. Finally, the small carriage for the machine gun
-or ammunition cart costs about £8, and the net cost for construction and upkeep of
-kennels is something small. Moreover, as the dog does not require shoes, lameness
-is rare, which we well know from the enormous distances he can go when hunting.
-He is intelligent and docile, and puts all his heart into serving his master faithfully
-under all circumstances. The length of his military service may be taken at from
-eight to nine years. The discipline of the trained dog is such that an untrained dog,
-harnessed with him, would be compelled to submit to all the movements of the former.
-On the march, and under fire, one can rely on his working till absolutely exhausted
-or mortally wounded. These are the qualities which can be developed in the breeding
-kennel, and in his subsequent training. The four wheels of the little gun carriage
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>are made of tubes of steel, light, low and stable, and fitted with pneumatic tires. The
-carriage complete does not weigh more than 220 lbs., and is easily dragged by the
-team of two dogs, or eventually carried by the four members of the detachment. Its
-height and breadth are each about 31 inches. The trials were carried out to test the
-following: Visibility, mobility on roads and across country, overcoming obstacles,
-and resistance to fatigue. They lasted three weeks in bad weather, during which a
-distance of 250 miles was covered. The six pack-horses were wither-galled, and had
-to be successively replaced but not so the dogs. On the march across country,
-or commons, of from 1½ to 3 miles, where the ground presented obstacles or was
-broken up, the dogs gained without doubt in mobility and speed over the horses,
-especially when ditches, hedges and low walls had to be negotiated. The teams
-crossed with ease ploughed land and crops, copses and banks. Assisted by the detachments
-they crossed over deep ditches and steep slopes. The horses showed signs of
-fatigue long before the dogs. The latter were afraid of nothing, and followed perfectly
-the member of the detachment charged with leading each team. They lay down or
-resumed the order of march on a signal, without even barking, and in perfect order.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The smallest fold in the ground concealed the teams, and at 300 yards distance,
-nothing of them could be distinguished. Coming into or out of action was more
-rapidly effected than in the case of the pack-horses.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_107a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Dog Harness</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The regiments to which they were attached had three sections, each of 2 guns and
-4 ammunition carts, requiring 36 dogs for the 18 vehicles.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In action the dogs gave every satisfaction, and whilst halted in positions of
-readiness for often considerable periods, they lay down quietly waiting in their harness.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In coming into action the Nos. 1 had sometimes to creep on in front, accompanied
-by the team driver of each gun, in order to choose their positions in actions. At a
-signal, the teams moved quickly up into the emplacements when, the detachments having
-brought the guns into action, the empty carriages with their drivers proceeded to
-the rear and rejoined the ammunition carts under cover.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The trials indeed were so successful that orders were issued to erect, for all
-infantry regiments, kennels for a dozen dogs per unit, and at Beverloo a remount and
-training establishment for these dogs was to be formed.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>It is even reported in the course of the campaign, in Belgium that the war dogs
-of the machine guns took a still more active part by “going for” German soldiery.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>
-<img src='images/i_108a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The Ambulance Dog at Work</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h3 class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ambulance Dogs</span></h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>Not until the history of the present European war comes to be written will it be
-known just how great have been the services of the dog for ambulance work. Shortly
-after the outbreak of this, the world’s greatest war, an Association in Germany,
-formed about the year 1893, known as the Ambulance Dogs’ Association, greatly
-increased its activities.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>It has been found by experience that the best breeds for ambulance work are
-collies, retrievers, bloodhounds, Airedale terriers, German shepherd dogs and Dobermann
-Pinschers. It is absolutely essential that ambulance dogs should be extremely
-wiry and hardy, and capable of great hardship and endurance, otherwise they are of
-little use.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The manner in which ambulance, dogs are employed is to help the Red Cross men
-and doctors to search for wounded within a given area on the battlefield. A dog’s
-sense of scent and acute hearing enable him frequently to detect the sound of the
-breathing of a wounded man when inaudible to the human ear. Moreover, a puff of
-wind often suffices to carry to the dog’s nose the scent of a man lying possibly unconscious
-in some concealed place.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Fields of battle nowadays are widely extended, and soldiers have to take advantage
-of every possible bit of natural cover. The instinct of the wounded is to use their last
-strength in seeking protection from artillery fire, cavalry charges, the wheels of guns,
-and the other horrors to which they are exposed. They crawl away into the most
-hidden, safest places. The collection of the wounded is usually at night. This accounts
-for the large numbers that after each battle are reported as “missing.” In some
-instances the missing have been more than half as many as the known total of killed
-and wounded.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>They are differently equipped in the armies of different countries. The Germans
-provide their ambulance dogs with a saddle with pockets in which are bandages and
-dressings, while around the neck is a wooden flask of stimulant. The Italians and
-French put the flask in a pocket of the saddle. British experts consider bandages and
-stimulant unnecessary, as every man has to carry his own first-aid dressing, and the
-extra weight hinders the dog’s action. In the English army the dogs wear a very
-light saddle with the Geneva cross on each side, and a loud bell hangs from a leather
-collar. The Russians provide their ambulance dogs with small lanterns and attach
-the bells elsewhere on the collar.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span>In some of the European armies the ambulance dog is trained to return to his
-master and guide him to the wounded man; in others he is taught to bark and give
-the news of his discovery in that way. Still another method is to have the dog on a
-long leash and thus lead the searcher in the right direction.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Japanese also use scouting dogs in this way, and so do many of the European
-armies. They are trained to growl at any sudden surprise, their natural temptation
-to bark being thwarted by muzzling with a leather strap. In sentry duty the muzzle
-is moved. With an upwind blowing these sentry dogs are able to detect the approach
-of men and horses an extraordinary distance away.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>On the whole, it is found that the speediest method is for the dog to stay beside
-his “quarry” when found, and bark until the ambulance arrives, but there is the
-drawback that if several dogs are being employed in a restricted area and several bark
-simultaneously, it is not always easy to locate whence the barking comes.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The Germans, unlike the French, do not permit their dogs to wear even a collar,
-as it is thought that this may hinder him in pushing his way through the thicket
-or hedges. It has often happened that the wounded are found adjacent to some hedge
-or other cover not easy to search by human aid alone. On the other hand, the French
-fasten water bottles around the neck of the dog and train him to search for wounded,
-who, if still conscious, eagerly grasps the welcome and ofttimes life-saving beverage.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Constant practice in this, as in other kinds of dog training, is an absolute essential.
-As the war proceeds more and more use will be made of the special functions and
-gifts of dogs, a resumé of which, when peace again reigns, will surely prove one of the
-most interesting phases of the hostilities now taking place in Europe.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the annals of the French army Mustache is still a celebrity. Mustache was one
-of the war dogs in the Italian campaign when Napoleon was first consul. He saved
-the French army from a night surprise and annihilation. Later he tracked and
-captured a spy who had secured valuable information. But this dog’s crowning achievement
-was at the battle of Austerlitz.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The standard bearer of the regiment had just fallen dead. Mustache’s teeth and
-an Austrian soldier’s hands grasped the tattered, bloodstained banner simultaneously.
-Mustache flew at his enemy’s throat and bore him down. Then, seizing the flag, he
-carried it back to the regiment. Napoleon gave Mustache the highest decoration for
-valor. He met a soldier’s death not long afterward, racing forward beside the flag,
-leading the regiment in a furious charge.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_109a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The Canine Ambulance Division of the French Army Off to the Front.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>British Sheep Dogs</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>Public trials of working sheep dogs were first introduced by Mr. Lloyd Price,
-of Rhiwlas, Bala, North Wales, in 1873. The object for which they were
-originally instituted was to promote a better training of sheep dogs amongst
-the Welsh farmers.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Strange as it may seem, though the mountainous districts of Wales have been
-devoted from time immemorial almost exclusively to sheep rearing, the old-time
-farmers took little trouble in the training of dogs to collect and work their sheep. In
-fact, previous to the inauguration of the competitions, the duties of the Welsh sheep
-dog were confined principally to the task of hunting and chasing sheep back again up
-the mountains whenever they strayed down to graze upon the more fertile pastures in
-the valley which the farmers reserved for their cattle. This was well enough so long as
-the sheep were roaming at will among their native haunts and feeding grounds, but
-whenever it was necessary for the farmer to gather his flock together the trouble
-began. The hardy little animals are wild and timid creatures that are not easily
-induced to leave their mountain home; moreover, when at liberty they are scattered
-in small lots over immense tracts of country.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>To gather sheep from the mountains with the aid of dogs alone was in those days,
-with few exceptions, an utter impossibility, consequently as many as ten or twelve
-men had to be employed to scour the mountains, and even then many stragglers were
-inevitably left behind. Nowadays all that is changed, one man can with the assistance
-of a good sheep dog do the same work much more thoroughly and satisfactorily,
-and without hustling or distressing the sheep themselves.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The systematic training of sheep dogs has indeed accomplished for the sheep-rearing
-hill farmer almost as much in the way of labor-saving as the adoption of agricultural
-machinery has done for the farmer who cultivates the lowlands.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The sagacity displayed by a really good sheepdog gathering sheep upon a mountain
-side, often a mile or more away from his master, must be seen to be believed.
-When the farmer goes out to gather his flock for shearing or other purposes, far away
-upon the bleak hillside, little clusters of white spots are all that are to be seen. The
-farmer takes up a position upon some point of vantage, gives a word or whistle or
-instruction to his four-footed companion, and the dog bounds away in response till he
-seems no more than a tiny moving speck occasionally visible in the distance. Sharp
-and shrill the farmer’s whistle pierces the keen mountain air, and ever and anon, as
-though by magic, the little white dots begin to move and converge towards a common
-center. In response to one signal the sound of the dog’s answering bark can be heard;
-another signal and he drops as though shot, and is as silent as the grave. In the dim
-distance a few small dots can be seen; they are some stragglers that have been overlooked;
-a whistle galvanizes them also into motion, but in the wrong direction; a
-moment later and they are merged into one motionless white blot upon the dark
-mountain side. The blot moves again, not quite in the desired direction; whistle succeeds
-whistle in quick succession, and at each one the little moving blot alters its
-course, zig-zagging this way and that, until it finally becomes merged in the large
-white patch that marks the remainder of the flock, which keeps on the move, drawing
-nearer and nearer until the sheep take shape and can be seen coming down steadily
-with the dog dodging in their rear, till they are rounded up and brought to a standstill
-within reach of the farmer’s stick. Such a sight is common today upon the Welsh
-mountain or in the Scottish Highlands, though it is not given to every man to acquire
-perfect mastery over his animal; so much depends upon both man and dog. A dog
-belonging to a man who takes no interest, or has not the knack and patience necessary
-to teach him is worse than useless. The dog often reflects to a great extent his
-master’s character. An excitable, hasty-tempered man generally has a headstrong,
-willful dog that is hard to control. Some dogs, born of a long line of carefully-trained
-sheep dogs, take to working sheep as ducks do to water; a savage, uncontrollable
-brute, whose only ambition seems to be to worry and abuse the sheep, and
-there are hundreds of such animals, is simply a hindrance and a source of trouble to
-its owner, as anyone who is acquainted with sheep and their ways knows full well.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The sheep dog proper must above all things be gentle and patient with its often
-cantankerous charges, yet firm and masterful enough to inspire the timid sheep with
-sufficient sense of fear to cause them to move away in another direction at its appearance
-and approach without creating such a panic-stricken stampede. Such strains of
-dogs are scarce and highly prized by their owners, though from the show bench
-fancier’s point of view their often nondescript exterior cannot be classified into those
-niceties of shape and color in which the judge of show dogs delight. Many a sheep
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>dog that would not attract a second glance from a professional dog judge has won
-enough in money prizes to turn the whole fraternity green with envy.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Such a dog is, for instance, Mr. J. Moses’ “Old Jem,” not beautiful to look at,
-but of sterling quality, which has won for his master over $1,000 in cash quite irrespective
-of the value of himself and his progeny.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Sheepdog trials are now held in all parts of the British Empire, Canada, New
-Zealand, Australia; in fact, wherever sheep are reared in any quantity.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Perhaps one of the most favorable opportunities the general public has of watching
-one of these absorbingly interesting spectacles is during the well-known agricultural
-show held each year in Lord Rothchild’s beautiful park at Tring, England. A
-description of an actual trial witnessed by the writer in these ideal surroundings will
-give an idea of the exciting nature of the tests and high standard of perfection to
-which the numerous entries have to be trained before they can compete with the
-remotest chance of success.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_111a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>When “Penning,” the Man Is Allowed to Assist the Dog.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>A portion of the vast park, some three-quarters of a mile long and about half as
-wide, remote from the show ground where the exhibits are localized, is divided off by
-a rope fence; this constitutes the course, of which thousands can obtain a full and
-uninterrupted view. The competitor takes up his stand near the center with his dog
-or dogs, for there are prizes for two dogs working together as well as for single dog
-trials. The number of sheep that have to be driven round the course is three only;
-this small number greatly increases the difficulties of the subsequent maneuvers. Fresh
-sheep are provided for each competitor, usually those of the wild, hardy mountain
-variety.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>At a given signal the animals are released from a cart that is out of sight in a
-clump of trees on a hill some half a mile distant. The dog must then locate the sheep,
-the master remaining in the center of the course guiding and directing him by voice or
-whistle as he chooses. The obstacles consist of, first, what is termed “a false fence”;
-that is to say, two short lines of hurdles so placed as to leave a wide gap through
-which the dog must drive the sheep; should he allow them to run round the end of
-one of the lines instead of through the center, the sheep must be driven back and
-another attempt made. The second obstacle is a flag-post, round which the sheep
-must be driven in a circle before being conducted through a V-shaped gap made with
-two hurdles.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>If the dog has negotiated these obstacles successfully he will have brought his
-charges to within about a hundred yards of his master. Having been successful in
-bringing the sheep so far, a very different task awaits both dog and master at the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span>“Maltese Cross.” At this, and the final “penning up” of the sheep, the master is permitted
-by the rules of the trials, to assist his dog personally. The “Maltese Cross”
-consists of two lanes intersecting at right angles, each passage being only just sufficiently
-wide to permit the sheep to pass in single file. It must not be imagined that
-the wild mountain sheep, terrified at their unwonted surroundings and the presence of
-a strange dog, submit tamely to being thus driven past alternative openings without
-strenuous efforts to break away and bolt in whichever direction their erratic fancy
-dictates. The master must be on the alert for these attempts, and be quick and
-decisive in giving his dog instruction as to how to frustrate these sudden rushes. It
-is upon the promptitude and correctness with which the dog responds to the signals
-that success or failure depends. It is at the cross that the innate perversity of the
-sheep’s nature asserts itself, with the result that the first animal very frequently turns
-down one or other of the cross lanes instead of going straight through. When this
-occurs the other two naturally follow, and all three must be induced to negotiate the
-passage again. Having driven the sheep through straight in one direction, the dog
-and his master must then bring them back and run them through the other lane at
-right angles to the original course. Finally, the even more difficult task of “penning
-up” awaits the competitors. The final pen is formed of four hurdles with a space
-just sufficient to admit one sheep at a time left open. The slightest over-anxiety on the
-part of the dog or his master is fatal at this stage of the trial. The difficulty of
-exercising the necessary self-restraint will be the more readily realized when one
-considers that it is often a matter of working against time, as should a dog have been
-a little slow or unfortunate in his previous maneuvers he is extremely liable to exceed
-the time limit set for the competition, and thus lose the points awarded for penning.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_112a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The Sheep Being Driven Through the Maltese Cross.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>It cannot be laid down as an infallible rule that the best dog for actual field work
-will always win a competition, so much relies on the master and other incidental
-details which affect the judge’s decision.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The most important consideration from the competitor’s point of view is the
-individuality of the three sheep which the dog is called upon to work. Some, when
-released, are found to be extremely wild, and cause the dog a lot of trouble by frantic
-efforts to escape. Others often adopt an aggressive attitude towards the dog, and
-persist in facing round and charging at him instead of allowing themselves to be
-driven. This type of sheep is most exasperating, both to dog and man. Again, many
-dogs, more especially young ones, are excitable by the applause of the spectators.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>To see sheep dogs work to perfection one should watch them, as the writer has
-been privileged to do, being practiced and trained upon their own home ground, where
-one can realize more fully the practical utility of a well-trained dog and the amount
-of labor which he saves his owner. The north of England and some parts of Scotland
-have always been noted for good dogs, the original strain being a cross between the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>smooth collie and the old Scotch bearded collie. These animals are naturally hardy,
-fleet-footed and sagacious, and for real skill in working sheep will hold their own
-against any dogs in the world.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>One of the most prominent and successful trainers is Mr. J. Moses, of Oswestry,
-who is manager of Lord Harlech’s Home Farm at Brogyntyn, and the accompanying
-photographs show some of his famous dogs at work on the farm. Mr. Moses is a great
-advocate of teaching a dog to work entirely by whistle, instead of giving commands in
-ordinary language. The great advantage of this system is that the dog can hear and
-recognize the signals at a much greater distance, and when once accustomed to them
-is much less liable to misinterpret his master’s meaning than is the case when the
-command is given vocally. Many people seem to find a difficulty in training their dogs
-to work by whistle, but if the system is started at the commencement of a young dog’s
-training he will soon learn to appreciate the distinctions of sounds and obey them
-more readily.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In order to demonstrate the perfect command that my friend had over the actions
-of his dog, even at a great distance, for it must have been over three-quarters of a
-mile, Mr. Moses made “Trim” execute a series of maneuvers, instructing the dog to
-drive the sheep round a telegraph post, in and out of two trees, take them back again
-to the original spot in which they were first located, and finally drive them straight
-up to within reach of his master’s stick. Each and every one of these evolutions was
-carried out with such skill, intelligence and obedience on the part of the dog that it
-seemed hard at first to realize that “Trim” was actually obeying implicitly his master’s
-command, and not just driving the sheep about for his own pleasure.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The maneuvering of sheep at a distance is a feature in sheepdog trials for which
-more points than are now granted should be given, as it demonstrates unmistakably
-the excellence of the training and also the actual utility of a dog for field work. Many
-dogs are under perfect control as long as they are within reach of their master’s stick,
-but cannot be relied upon implicitly when far away; such a dog is obviously improperly
-trained.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Patience and firmness are the keynotes of success in training a sheep dog, though
-everything relies, in the first instance, upon the suitability of the dog taken in hand, for
-good sheep dogs are born as well as made, and a well-bred puppy will have a natural
-instinct for the work, which will reveal itself at an early age.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the next chapter will be found some useful hints on the training of the working
-sheep dog.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Training the Working Shepherd Dog</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>Certain technical terms are used in the following article which it may be well
-to explain for the benefit of those not familiar with the shepherd’s vocabulary.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>1. The “run out” means that the dog is sent away to gather the sheep.
-“Running out” is the act of going for the sheep.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>2. “Hauling” in its widest sense means the dog going out for his sheep, taking
-command of them and bringing them to the shepherd. In the narrower sense, however,
-the term is confined to the bringing in of the sheep by the dog.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>3. “Shedding” means the dividing of a lot of sheep. Supposing, for example, a
-shepherd wishes to separate lambs from their mothers, the act of doing so by the
-dog is called “shedding.”</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>4. “Wearing” means keeping a sheep from going in the wrong direction. Supposing,
-for example, a sheep bolts up a wrong road, the dog is sent to turn it back.
-Turning back is the “wearing.”</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>5. A “cut” simply refers to a number of sheep. Supposing, for example, a shepherd
-herds five or six hundred sheep and goes for forty or fifty to take them to the
-market. The number so taken is called a “cut.”</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>6. “Flying off” means where the dog yields to the sheep instead of facing up to
-them. In “wearing” this is best seen. A dog which will not come in close to stubborn
-sheep, yields to them when pressed, is said to “fly off.”</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>7. A “soft-tempered” dog is one which shows little grit when pressed by wild or
-stubborn sheep. It won’t stand up to them and shows little fight, and generally
-evidence of a soft disposition. The contrary expression is “hard tempered,” which
-means a dog that will not yield to wild or stubborn sheep, but will face up to them,
-and as a last resort will even grip and show his teeth and other signs of temper and
-determination.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Believing that some instruction as to the methods employed in the training of the
-working collie will be helpful to those who desire to bring out the best gifts with
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span>which Nature has endowed this king of all utility dogs, we append a few suggestions
-from the curriculum of Mr. T. P. Brown, of Oxton, Berwickshire, Scotland, than
-whom no one is more qualified to speak on this important subject.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the first place, it must be acknowledged that unless the master has himself
-studied the subject with the utmost care and keen perception, success in teaching a
-dog to work sheep will not fall to his lot. Many a good dog has been spoiled in the
-hands of an unthinking and unsympathetic would-be trainer, and, conversely, many a
-vicious, timid, or “wild” dog has been converted by the master hand into a brainy,
-intelligent servant.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>With few exceptions, any collie can be taught to work sheep; therefore, as a
-general proposition, it is the man who makes or mars the dog’s natural bent.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>To achieve the greatest measure of success the sooner one starts the elementary
-first lessons the better. The puppy should be taken in hand when three or four
-months old.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The very first step is to teach him to run up to you. Use a thin, low whistle with
-the lips, and pat and make a fuss of him when he comes up.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The second lesson is to get him to go down quickly. This is best done by a hiss.
-If he does not put his head down, press it gently down with your hand. This has
-generally to be repeated a good many times before he does it nicely. Some pups go
-down of their own accord when they see the sheep. This is no real drawback, but as
-a rule they require a little more training to go down <i>when commanded</i>, instead of
-waiting till they get to a place where they want to go down.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>After the pup has learned to go down nicely, put him down and walk away, and
-see if he will lie still until you give him the whistle to come up, and don’t rest satisfied
-until he does so with alacrity.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>When he has learned to do this to please you, begin to stop him half-way up, and
-always see that he puts his head in the proper position. He should be proficient in
-this before he is ever taken to the sheep. No pup should ever be taken to the sheep
-until he is under complete control in the run up and lay down. To introduce him to
-sheep until he has thoroughly mastered these simple but highly-important commands
-has a tendency to spoil him and get him into bad habits. No matter how fast he is
-running, if you give him the hiss to stop he should drop like a stone; and, on the
-other hand, he should obey the command to come on quickly and without the least
-hesitation, and on no account should he rise until told to do so. To fall and rise
-when commanded, and <i>only</i> when commanded, is the most important point in the
-training of a collie. Having progressed so far, the pup should now be taken to
-the sheep.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>If he is off a good working strain, he will either circle away round his “quarry”
-or he will “set” and crawl forward.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>If he circles round and goes down, and the sheep do not come away, he is apt
-to lie still, but if you use the call whistle and bring him a little forward, then drop
-him. The sheep will most likely come away, and you must take care that he comes
-straight behind them, and not too quickly.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Don’t use the call whistle very long at first, just a little to get him to understand
-to start the sheep. Get him used to start either with a sheep or a short whistle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>If in running up to the sheep he does not go right round, you must go up to the
-sheep and move them in the direction you want them to go. Then use the whistle,
-sound or words by which you want to shift him (some trainers say “Keep wide” or
-“Keep wide, away out,” but it is better to use only distinctive whistles).</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>You should thus keep the sheep moving about, making him move to what spot you
-want. Others use a combination of whistles and signs (motions of the arms). This
-latter method has its advantages when working at a distance and under certain climatic
-conditions.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>When the dog has become expert in moving about, teach him to “run out.” Don’t
-try him too far away at first, and if possible let him see the sheep.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A perfect run out should be in the form of a good wide circle all the way until he
-gets well behind the sheep. Then he should double back behind the sheep when he
-sees he has them all rounded up, and he should be allowed to move them a little
-before you put him down.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In “haulding” them he should come straight behind the sheep, and not too near
-them. If they come steadily, he should be allowed to follow them in. When “haulding”
-a few sheep, say five, he should bring them in straight; but with a large number
-he should “flank” them from side to side in half-moon circles, as by this means he gets
-them forward in better time.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>By this time the dog should have learned to go down at a distance from the
-shepherd, a distance which is only restricted by the impossibility of hearing the whistle.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span>In all these processes one requires four different kinds of whistles—one for the
-“call,” one to go out, one to stop and lie down, and one to hauld.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>To teach a dog “to shed,” get the sheep to pass quietly between yourself and the
-dog several times; the dog during this time must lie down.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Then divide the sheep and give him the call whistle to come in to you, and drop
-him when he is in between the two lots. Then go behind one of the lots and press
-them on to the dog and get him “to wear” and turn them to you.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Repeat this several times, and in giving the call whistle make sure that he never
-rises until commanded, for a dog that moves about as the sheep move will never be a
-good “shedder,” as he always mixes the sheep up when you are preparing for a “cut.”
-Be sure also that he shifts every time you ask him, and that he turns the sheep in to
-you, instead of flying off them.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>At this stage in his education the dog should be approaching his complete training.
-To teach him to come in front of the sheep, draw him to you by the call whistle.
-He will think at first that he is to come in to you, but when you see he is far enough
-past the sheep to give him plenty of room to work, give him the whistle to go to the
-sheep. He will then turn and face the sheep, and as he does so drop him there. After
-being several times repeated he will do this as readily as he has learned to go round
-behind the sheep.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The next lesson is to teach him to go from one side to the other, passing between
-you and the sheep.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Let him go half round the sheep, then get him to go forward on the sheep from
-any point he is stopped, by either driving straight from you or from the left side to
-the right side. This feat is most necessary for driving away or for pole work at a trial.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The art of wearing a single sheep has not been touched on, because unless the dog
-is naturally gifted with this it is almost impossible to make him proficient at it,
-though one can help him a little.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Much depends on the nerve and compelling power of the dog’s eye. Leave him
-pretty well to his own resources until he has the sheep stopped before you drop him.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Some pups are naturally born with tendencies to wearing single sheep, including
-to run too wide or too near, and, worst of all, stopping before they go round the sheep.
-Be guarded to immediately check these faults, and remember that command is the
-most important lesson of all.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>One hears a great deal about bad-tempered dogs and soft-tempered ones, but it is
-not so much a display of temper as nervousness. If a dog keeps his eye on the sheep,
-no matter how soft he is in the temper, any capable trainer can make him a good dog,
-but the one who won’t keep his eye on the sheep can never become proficient in his
-service to his lord and master.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Police Dogs</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>It is admitted on all hands that the dog is capable of training to do his master’s
-bidding in a great many different ways.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Other chapters appear in this work detailing with what purpose he is used as an
-aid to the hunter, sportsman, courser, for the drawing of quick-firing guns into the
-firing line, for ambulance work, for sentry duty, as an indispensable aid in all Arctic
-and Antarctic expeditions, to say nothing of the sport certain breeds give us as racing
-and performing dogs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The purport of this chapter is to indicate with what success he is being trained
-as a branch of the police force. Thousands of dogs, mostly of the German and Belgian
-sheepdog variety, are at this present time enrolled in the widely scattered police and
-other municipal forces of America and other countries.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the training of dogs for this work a special aptitude on the part of the
-“handler” or “guide” is essential. Given a reasonable amount of common sense, unlimited
-patience and an understanding of a dog’s nature, success is assured in a large
-majority of cases.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The police dog trial is an old story so far as Germany, Belgium and Holland are
-concerned. Americans are now taking this highly instructive work in hand and the
-displays create a tremendous amount of enthusiastic interest. The objects of such
-trials are:</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>1. Obedience exercises.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>2. Detective work.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>3. Protective work.</p>
-
-<p class='c005'>The obedience exercises called for are:</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>1. Heeling on leash.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>2. Heeling without leash. The guide turns to right or left. Runs, walks and
-stops with the object of confusing the dog.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>
-<img src='images/i_116a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The Police Dog is Trained to Attack on Command</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>3. Refusing food offered by strangers or thrown or found on the ground. The
-dog is made to lie down both free and in the absence of the guide, and he must refuse
-bread, meat or other tempting morsels of food. Then a dish of food is placed within
-his reach, but he must not touch it under penalty of lost points.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>4. Guarding objects. This is considered a most important acquisition. Every
-possible effort is made to remove the object by the judge. The dog is chained beside
-the object, which is well within his reach, and he is taught to lie down quietly beside
-it and not to move or growl or show his teeth until the judge makes an effort to take
-the object away quietly. If a vigorous attempt is made to snatch the object then the
-dog is to defend it and himself in energetic fashion. Even when the judge threatens
-the dog with a stick, or by coaxing, the faithful tyke will be proof against them all.
-Bad marks are recorded if he gnaws the object or otherwise misuses it.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>5. Giving “tongue” on command. This must be done continuously on command.
-It is insufficient for him to bark once and imitation barking by the guide is forbidden.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>6. Retrieving objects weighing two pounds. The dog must sit down quietly and
-await instructions. Then he must bring it coming over a fence or hedge promptly and
-sit down again before his guide until relieved of the object. The varying heights of
-the fence or wall provide a number of diverse exercises in the retrieving lesson.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>9. Scaling wall.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>10. Going ahead. The guide walks across the trial ground with the dog at heel.
-On command the dog runs ahead in the direction given to a distance of about 30 yards.
-He shall “drop” immediately on command and stay there until told to rise.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>11. Lying down. The dog is shown free in this exercise and immediately on
-command he must rise and go away.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The detective work is conducted as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>1. Searching for objects left by a stranger at the end of a trail of 250 yards long
-and half an hour old. The trailer proceeds on a track, directed by the judge, walk
-at his natural pace and at the end of the trail stand still for one minute, wipe his feet
-well on the ground, place the object between his footprints and then take the shortest
-cut to a place again directed by the judge. An interesting variation of this is provided
-by the object being placed thirty yards away from the end of trail and at
-right angles thereto.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>
-<img src='images/i_117a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Police Dog Scaling Fence 8 ft. 6 in. High</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>2. Search for object left by a stranger on a trail 500 yards long, and barking at
-the trailer when found. This is done both with the dog free and also when on leash
-ten yards long, and it is particularly desirable that the dog be taught to bark on
-finding the object or person discovered.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The protective work comprises:</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>1. Scouting over ground and barking at any large object found. The dog follows
-the direction indicated by the guide and covers the ground carefully, searching every
-nook and corner not so as to encircle the guide at a short distance. Three hiding
-places are provided. As soon as the dog finds the hidden person he is taught to watch
-him and by barking attract the guide’s attention.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>2. Transporting “prisoner” without nipping. When found, the dog follows behind
-the “prisoner” quietly without barking or nipping. Any object dropped inconspicuously
-must be picked up at once by the dog and brought to the guide, then continue
-the transport without waiting for the command. If the “prisoner” attempts to escape,
-or attacks the guide, the dog must attack him immediately, without waiting for command
-to do so. During these attacks the “prisoner” shoots twice into the air.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>3. Watching the “prisoner” quietly when latter is quiet.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>4. Arresting and holding the “prisoner” on attempted flight. The “prisoner”
-attempts to drive the dog away with blows or a whip or by throwing pieces of wood
-at him. The dog must watch him alone and twice stop an attempted flight. As soon
-as the “prisoner” is quiet the dog must leave him alone and watch him until the
-guide returns.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A high percentage of points are given for general obedience.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The whole attitude of the dog is taken into consideration especially between the
-different exercises if he remains at heel; also how he controls himself between the
-exercises toward the “prisoner,” and whether he needs holding in check by the collar
-and in other ways indicates that he understands when he is on duty and when he is not.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Unquestionably these trials throw a good deal of light on the training of dogs
-used by the Continental nations for war purposes as well as for police work, and it is
-hoped that greater facilities will be given for such in other parts of the world.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>The Hunting World and the Use of Dogs</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>It is to the Normans that the English-speaking races of the earth today owe their
-hunting hounds in all their varieties. The Talbot hound was introduced into
-England at the time of the conquest by William the First.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>All are not agreed as to the color of these Talbot hounds. Somervile, the great
-sporting poet, describes them as “white as Alpine snows.” There is, however, reason
-to believe that they are invariably of a reddish tan and often with a black saddle. In
-form, color and shape they are very much like the English bloodhound of today; indeed,
-that noble animal is supposed to be the bedrock of all the breeds of hunting
-hounds that are now in use the world over; and this because of that sentiment and
-recognition of the variety as the chief pillar or the stay of several of the most valued
-breeds, that the bloodhound is placed first in the stud books of England and America,
-and the breed is number one in the catalogues of the all-round dog shows everywhere.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_118a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>English Foxhounds in Full Cry</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>It was and is desirable that the head of a hunting hound should be of the above
-description—that is, if a close-hunting, unerring hound is required to hunt singly,
-rather than in a pack. The formation of the head above described, is one that is
-“made” for the purposes of hunting; and in such a head are to be found the highly
-developed olfactory nerves which communicate with the brain and actually inform
-the hound when he strikes the scent of an animal and whether the effluvium is recent
-or old.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>It is the gloriousness and health-giving surroundings that have made the chase
-so popular with nearly all peoples, and that is the reason hounds are bred with such
-care and may generally be found in the ownership of the well-to-do and the high personages
-of the world.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the early days the English pursued the chase on foot, and their objects of pursuit
-appear to have been principally the wild boar and the wolf. The Anglo-Normans
-might be considered as the more polished, more noble, and more scientific hunters,
-and they introduced that powerful and pleasant assistant in the chase—the horse—as
-well as a great variety of objects of pursuit. They chased the stag, the roebuck, the fox,
-the hare, etc., and hunting the less dangerous animals seems to have constituted their
-principal amusements; though the wolf and the boar occasionally occupied their
-attention, and in all these branches of the hunt dogs of varying degree were used.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>Every village in England has its beagles, and nothing is more enjoyable than an
-old-fashioned fox hunting, or chase, where hounds belonging to many owners are
-packed together, and, jumping a fox, they run him for hours on end, their glorious
-music resounding throughout the woods and delighting the ear of the sportsman. The
-American foxhound appears to have more of the old harrier or English southern hound
-blood in him than is allowed to remain in the hound of the English. There are some
-broad-headed and long-eared and heavy-lipped hounds in the United States which
-remind the observer of the hounds of France and other Continental countries—hounds
-that still bear a good deal of resemblance to the old Talbot hounds—the hounds of the
-Normans. Finer and finer the English bred their hounds as stag hunting gave way to
-fox hunting. The old staghound was only one remove from the Talbot, and he was
-a big and picturesque creature and these hounds are to be found in France today.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Hunting is a foremost sport all over the world, and there can be little wonder that
-the spirit and standing of the peoples may be gauged from the quality of their hounds.
-The panoply of the chase is among the more glorious sights of the world, and in the
-pursuance of the various sports connected with hounds, large and small, a vast amount
-of money is spent, and a large number of persons employed, in the piping times of
-peace.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The beagle should be 15 inches or under, measured across the withers. If he is
-ever that height he becomes a harrier; and a harrier over 19 inches becomes a foxhound,
-and a foxhound standing 24 inches at the shoulders and 30 inches round his
-girth is indeed a splendid creature and a beautifully proportioned one to boot. The
-hound is indeed a beauty and a joy forever!</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In England alone there are more than 800 packs of hunting dogs. Roughly, there
-are 326 owners of hunts or hunting establishments in France. Some of these hunts
-have 50 or 60 couples. In Belgium foxhounds are kept, and the chief packs of hounds
-in Germany are the Royal Hounds, at Potsdam, and the Hanover Hounds. They both
-hunt the drag and the boar. The conditions of hunting in Austria and Hungary are
-much better than in Germany. It is a good wild country and full of foxes. The
-Roman hounds are world renowned. Fox hunting was introduced into Italy by Lord
-Chesterfield in 1842, and the sport has flourished ever since. In Spain the Calpa foxhounds
-show much sport in the vicinity of Gibraltar.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the United States there are about forty well-known and properly established
-packs of foxhounds. Throughout the Indian Empire there are numerous packs, many
-of them being of the bobbery or mixed kind. The jackal is the most frequently hunted
-animal. The Bombay Hounds are the chief pack in India.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In South Africa the jackal is hunted with foxhounds, and a single hound is used
-to drive buck to the rifle or gun. American foxhounds have recently been introduced
-to British East Africa for the purposes of hunting lion. These hounds have been of
-great use in bagging such large and dangerous game, and in the case of cheetah and
-other tree-climbing animals, the American foxhounds have not had the slightest difficulty
-in driving their quarry at such a pace and with so much persistence that the large
-cat is glad to see the supposed shelter of a thorn or other tree standing out like
-a sentinel on the vast expanse of plains.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The foxhound, the harrier and the beagle are also of great use in Africa for
-driving certain of the antelope, which keep in the bush, to the gun, and a good deal
-of sport may be had in some of the rivers otter hunting, and when otter hunting, a
-monitor, or huge lizard-like creature, is often started in a swamp, and the reptile,
-taking to the water like an otter, he will provide a good deal of sport. The otters in
-the Eastern province of South Africa are plentiful and of good size. The rivers are
-very huntable, for they are not deep and there is no great width or volume of water at
-certain seasons of the year. There is much sport to be had on the Mooi River, in
-Natal, where a pack of pure-bred otter hounds is kept. And these hounds will not
-only hunt the water dog but the aforesaid African monitor. Everywhere the hound
-is useful and especially is this the case in a big and open country like Africa, where a
-dog is required to be not only a hunter, but a guard and a friend.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In Australia there is a good deal of hunting and the Melbourne hunt is a well-organized
-institution. Australia is a country in which all animal life increases and multiplies
-rapidly. In 1864 one dog fox and two vixens were imported from England. There
-soon became enough foxes in Victoria to last the colony, now the province, forever. But
-red deer and kangaroos are sometimes hunted with foxhounds, and in Western Australia,
-in the neighborhoods of Freemantle, Perth and Kalgoorlie, there has been much
-sport experienced in hunting the brush-tailed kangaroos. This form of hunting was
-introduced by Mr. Cairns Candy in the late nineties.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In Tasmania, the island province off the main Australian continent, there is some
-hunting with properly constituted and maintained packs of hounds. In this lovely
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>country, noted for its apples and the matchless complexions of its pretty women, they
-hunt deer and hare. In New Zealand there is a good deal of hunting, and harriers are
-principally in use. There is a fine open country, and that in the North Island will
-remind the hunting man of some of the shires of England.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The hounds of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia have been discussed, and now
-we will find ourselves back in America. And this country may well be proud of its
-old-fashioned, long-eared, heavy-jawed and deep-throated foxhounds. That American
-foxhounds are suitable for hunting American foxes, and where foxes are shot before
-hounds, there can be no manner of doubt; but they do not kill many foxes, neither
-may this killing quality be placed to the credit of the English foxhounds in this
-country. Once a fox is able to sit down and listen to his pursuers, then a foxhound
-or a pack of foxhounds have as much chance of overtaking the quarry as a short-winged
-hawk has of catching a swallow on the wing. A century ago, it is recorded,
-it was not unusual in South Carolina to drive out of one large swamp, deer, wolves,
-bears, foxes, wildcats and wild turkeys. The sportsmen were ready to shoot all of
-these.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In descriptive poetry of the earliest date, hunting is frequently alluded to; even in
-the most important action of the whole Iliad, the death of Hector, the pursuit of him
-by Achilles is thus introduced:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c012'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>“As through the forest, o’er the vale and lawn,</div>
-      <div class='line'>The well-breathed beagle drives the flying fawn,</div>
-      <div class='line'>In vain he tries the coverts of the brakes,</div>
-      <div class='line'>Or deep beneath the trembling thicket shakes,</div>
-      <div class='line'>Sure of the vapor in the tainted dews,</div>
-      <div class='line'>The certain hound his various maze pursues.”</div>
-      <div class='line in54'>—<i>Pope.</i></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<!-- <h4 class='c014'>The Gun and Coursing Dogs of the World</h4> -->
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>The Gun and Coursing Dogs of the World</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>If there be one study in connection with dogs more interesting than another, it must
-be that which has reference to the gun dogs and the coursing dogs of the
-world. Since time immemorial, dogs have been used by man for certain purposes
-and those which he has bred, maintained and improved for his services, have kept time
-with the ever-changing methods whereby the human is able to obtain and have for
-himself the beasts of the field and the birds of the air. The first men who went after
-game hunted it for food; and they very soon found out the most suitable dogs for their
-purposes and they bred and produced dogs for different kinds of work. It is fair to
-write that no domestic animals are better represented throughout the world than are
-thoroughbred dogs of one kind or another. The pure-breeds are to be found in countries
-that are foreign to their varieties, and what is more, they are highly and justly
-prized by their owners and even the very community in which the imported dog has its
-new being. For let it be known, there are less distinctions than owning a superior
-dog, and as these dogs are capable of reproducing themselves, and both the males and
-females are prolific breeders, there is almost at once, or within one year, established
-in the kennel of the new land the high-blooded and moreover most useful dogs of other
-nations. And that is the reason that wherever we may go we shall probably find the
-particularly good gun dogs of Great Britain. These consist of the pointer, the English,
-Irish and Gordon setters, the retrievers and the Labrador or Lesser Newfoundland
-dogs, and the various spaniels, which have all been practically made perfect in the
-British Isles and distributed to the four corners of the earth. Dogs have been produced
-that will hunt as well in one country as another; but one can generally find that
-dogs—gun dogs and coursing dogs—are mostly chosen with an eye to the environment
-in which they will have to hunt.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>
-<img src='images/i_121a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>A Fine Group of Gun Dogs.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>
-<img src='images/i_122a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The Hunter and His Dog</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Both the pointer and the spaniel originally came from Spain, so it is said. But the
-original Spanish pointer was too heavy and slow in his pace for the English gunner,
-so he was crossed with the lighter foxhound, and it is even said with the greyhound,
-so that he should be more active and able to cover his ground better. Furthermore, the
-heavy-headed Spanish pointer had the kind of head and lips that proclaim a hunting
-dog that is inclined to keep his nose to the ground, rather than carry it highly and thus
-better obtain the body scent of birds and other game in the distance. The setter was
-originally the large spaniel, and was taught to “set” or sit down when he had come
-upon birds, so that the game could be encompassed by the fall-net, or the hawk or
-falcon might have the better opportunity to fly at her quarry. When the small pellets
-of lead were invented and the shotgun first used then the setters of the netters and
-falconers became gun dogs, and as such we will find pointers, setters, retrievers and
-spaniels of English origin in every country where the sportsman may be found. Gun
-and coursing dogs are not only imported into America as workers but as show dogs,
-and in the great majority of cases these dogs are thoroughly broken or trained as well
-as being good to look upon. Then these gun dogs may compete at the various field
-trials now run off all over Europe, the United States and Canada, or even South Africa,
-or at the coursing meetings in every country of the world. The coursing dog is found
-most useful in Canada, especially in the prairie provinces, where coyotes are destructive
-and a curse to the sheepman and even the horse breeder, for a pack of prairie wolves
-will attack and kill a foal. As a part and parcel of the farm, the ranch, the station and
-estancia the gun dog and the coursing dogs are invaluable. Pointers, setters, spaniels
-and retrievers are useful under all circumstances, and they perform the same work in
-all climates and under the various and dissimilar conditions. In some countries pointers
-are preferred to setters; but, on inquiry, it will generally be found that the alleged
-fitness of one variety of dog over the other, is merely a matter of taste or “fancy.” A
-man who owns setters prefers setters; the individual who possesses pointers has a
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>preference for pointers. ’Tis his fancy—his hobby, and that gentle leaning towards
-one breed often means the fellow’s antipathy to another breed.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In a land or country that has been indifferently cultivated or is wild, there are
-several kinds of burrs that inconveniently fall at the very time when the hunting or
-shooting season begins. Some say that the pointer, because of his short coat, will not
-be so troubled with these prickles as will the long-coated setter, which is feathered on
-the legs and picks up the burrs wherever he may go. On the other hand, the setter
-admirer avows that the feathered and better protected foot of the setter saves him from
-being lamed so often as the clean and unprotected footed pointer. So it will be seen
-that these preferences are mostly imaginary and may be traced to fancy.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>On the Continent of Europe we find many kinds of most useful dogs; but both the
-pointers and setters are only modifications of the old hunting dogs that came from
-Spain. There are rough-haired and smooth-coated pointers in Germany, and they are
-very handsome animals with excellent formation and with hunting qualities of the
-highest order. The griffons of France, Holland and Belgium are particularly good
-dogs; rough and ready in appearance, with excellent brains and great scenting powers.
-In him we will recognize a lot of hound blood which may have come from the otterhound
-or the hounds of Vendée. But they are just the sort of dogs that a man wants
-for rough-shooting in the woods or swamps. The griffon is an active dog, does not
-throw his tongue when immediately close to game or in sight of it, as does the hound.
-The griffon makes a good woodcock, “partridge” and duck dog; and as such he has
-been found of the greatest use in America. The griffon is a good dog in the water as
-well as on land, and in this way he proves himself a thoroughly serviceable all-round
-sporting dog. The wolf-hounds of Russia are most useful dogs, and as their name
-foretells, they are used as wolf-coursing dogs. Three are slipped to the wolf after he
-has been driven from cover by foxhounds or beaters. When they come up with their
-game they bump into the quarry and at the right moment lay hold of the beast by the
-neck and hold him until the hunter arrives and either dispatches the game with a
-pistol or knife, or placing a stick in the wolf’s jaws, twists a rope around the muzzle
-and neck, and thus preventing him from accomplishing any harm, captures the creature
-alive and practically uninjured. The Russian wolf-hound is the best killer of any of
-the coursing dogs. Like a bulldog, he holds on to what he seizes; his jaws are very
-powerful, and it is because of this tenacity that the Russian wolf-hound, or borzoi, as
-he is frequently called, is used for crossing purposes on the English greyhound and the
-Scottish deerhound or on the progeny of these two breeds, for the purpose of producing
-what is known as the “long dog” of the Canadian prairies, where he is used principally
-for coursing and killing the coyote. The Russian wolf-hound has also been
-successfully crossed on to the deerhound in Australia, either for straight out kangaroo
-dogs or dingo killers. The Russian wolf-hound goes to the throat of his enemy, and
-such a dog is required for the prompt killing of dingoes. The long and strong limbs
-of the kangaroo are means of defense, both as propelling powers in his long and swift
-bounds or jumps and for fighting when it comes to the more serious defense as against
-dingoes or the domesticated dogs, hence the kangaroo dog is taught to attack from
-behind.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The slugi or greyhounds of Arabia, Persia and Egypt may be noticed. In these
-we will find small examples of the Russian wolf-hound, but they have down or setterlike
-ears as opposed to the half-cocked or fully pricked ears of the Northern dogs.
-The dogs of the near East have generally long feet and these are feathered, as are
-their ears, legs and tails. They are used to course antelopes and hares, and one of the
-most ancient of sports is to not only course the antelope with these slugi, but at the
-same time fly hawks at the fleeing buck, which has the advantage over the dogs in
-sandy places and over stony or rocky ground. The big and somewhat picturesque
-greyhounds of Afghanistan are large dogs much after the form of the near Eastern
-dogs; they are used for the same purposes, and because of their surroundings in high
-altitudes, they grow large and woolly coats to aid them against the vicissitudes of the
-cold climate. In India, indeed, all over Asia, the different gun dogs generally associated
-with the British Isles are used and they cannot very well be done without on the
-small feathered game which is plentiful. In Japan and China the pheasant shooting is
-very good, and Americans who have gone over to shoot in those countries have taken
-their dogs from this country with them and have found them to accomplish all that
-was required of them.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>If we leave Asia and continue our wanderings and huntings to the South, and
-reach Africa, we will find plenty of work for our hunting hounds, our coursing dogs
-and gun dogs. The slugi or greyhounds were the most valued dogs of the Pharoahs.
-In the ancient monuments the dogs’ places are at the sides of some great personage.
-It would appear that the tastes of the Egyptians of old were exactly those of the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>ancient Britons, for there is an old Welsh saying which states that “a gentleman is
-known by his horse, his hawk and his greyhound.” The slugi in its native or home
-state is now principally to be found in its purity among the Bedouin Arabs. They
-place the greatest value on these dogs, and they are as difficult to obtain from the wandering
-Arabs as are their thoroughbred horses. Furthermore, there is an Arab saying
-that the most valued of all things among the highest of these nomads and hunters are
-“his horse, his slugi and his wife’s earrings.” The Arabian greyhounds are primarily
-valuable for coursing antelope in sandy countries and where the sun is felt with all his
-power. They also thrive in temperate climates.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_124a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Incident in a Waterloo Coursing Meeting</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Our old friends the pointers and setters are used in Northern Africa, as they are
-in the South and the East, the West and Central of that enormous and game-holding
-country. American foxhounds have been found most useful running on the trail of
-the lion; furthermore, they have the good sense to keep away from the great cat when
-it comes to close quarters. These hounds will soon tree a cheetah and the rifles or
-the arrows of the natives will accomplish the rest. In Africa, generally, there is
-much bird life, as that term applies to partridges, snipe, quail, etc. In that country
-there are several small and dangerous snakes; but it has been found that the dogs’
-sagacity has been such that they, of their own initiation, immediately become alive to
-the dangerous natures of these reptiles and that they will return to the shooter when
-they get near a snake, either in the grass or on a branch overhead. Greyhounds are
-used in Africa for coursing the smaller bucks and hares, and such dogs, fleet of foot
-and able to run down an antelope, may be bartered “up-country” for produce of great
-value, the natives, especially the chiefs of powerful tribes—practically nations—having
-been known to give mining and other concessions where first class dogs have been
-given as presents.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>There is a great deal of variety in the Australian shooting and the bush life of that
-lovely country is entrancing for the lover of nature and the observer of mammals and
-birds. Pointers and setters are used in just the same way as they are anywhere else.
-Quail are plentiful and the varieties of numbers of wild fowl are beautiful and often
-countless. As for hares, in some places they are almost as common as the rabbits; and
-hares are three times more prolific in that balmy country than they are in climes north
-of the equator in Europe and America. Coursing is a great sport there and is a
-means of much speculating or wagering among Australians and New Zealanders. New
-Zealand in many climatic instances and country surroundings is very much like England,
-and game has been imported and the different societies and clubs have done much to
-acclimatize, breed and protect game. Here is a country where springer spaniels could
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>be more in evidence and worked with advantage. A good trade should spring up
-between New Zealand and California for gun dogs and greyhounds. The passage is
-one of less than three weeks, and the freight inconsiderate. All over South America
-gun dogs and greyhounds are required. There is some shooting in New Guinea, but
-the bush is very dense and the natives not always agreeable to the visitation of
-the man with a gun. Some very nice dogs are to be found in the Hawaiian
-Islands, notably at ever-glorious and salubrious Honolulu, the Paradise of the
-Pacific. And within a few days’ hail is the Golden Gate and the ever-bountiful
-lands that slope down to the North Pacific and the longed-for port by the voyagers
-from the far East and the farther South. Here, of course, we will find gun dogs in
-great variety, and many greyhounds. Some years ago several of the best running dogs
-in England were imported by sportsmen in California. And that stock is in the Golden
-State now. Gun dogs are not only esteemed as gun dogs or for their work, but also
-for their good looks. The English setter is bred in all his attractive loveliness and
-usefulness all the way up the Pacific Coast as far as British Columbia. And it is in
-the last mentioned province that some of the most beautiful of the blue-ticked, long
-and silver silk-like coated setting dogs have been bred. Taking the whole of the North
-American Continent we will find it one abiding place for gun dogs of the highest merit;
-and as it is well known, Americans and Canadians have always been circumspect and
-generous in their importations of gun dogs from Europe, and, consequently, have
-possessed themselves of specimens that are not only good to look upon, but easy to
-train and delightful to shoot over.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>Whippet Dogs and Whippet Racing</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>The whippet is a greyhound-like dog, and is the fastest of all dogs at his weight or
-height. In some instances they have been crossed with Italian greyhounds, but
-these alliances are apt to bring about inferior whippets for racing or catching
-rabbits, either on their own ground or at rabbit-coursing or snap-dog matches. In
-rabbit-coursing, where the rabbits have previously been caught and turned down on
-unknown ground (to the rabbit) before a brace of whippets, it is the dog <i>that catches</i>
-the rabbit that wins the course, and the winner of the majority of a given number of
-courses wins the wager for its owner or connections. Snap-dog coursing—that is,
-running rabbits down with whippets in small and enclosed places, the rabbit being
-given little “law,” is not considered a sportsmanlike action, and is practiced only as a
-means of gambling. Whippets have long been declared a pure breed, and this dog was
-first recognized as such by the English Kennel Club.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_125a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The Whippet</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Whippet racing is an old sport and the pastime of working men in England. He
-has been called the poor man’s race-horse, as indeed he is, the dog providing sport and
-a means of speculation for men of slender means. Whippet racing is carried on right
-through the year in the Northwest and North of England. Of late years it has become
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span>a great sport in London and its suburbs, the principal handicaps being run off every
-other Sunday forenoons at Walthamstow. Whippet racing was patronized by the late
-King Edward VII of England, at the Ranelagh Club grounds, London, and the leading
-“country club” of its kind in the United Kingdom. Whippet racing has long been a
-sport in Belgium, France and Germany. Dog racing was also introduced into South
-Africa during the end of the last century, and valuable handicaps are run off on the
-diamond and gold fields. Whippet racing was first favored in the United States by
-the English operatives in the cotton mills in New England, especially in Massachusetts.
-The sport has been well and continuously conducted at country clubs around Boston
-and Philadelphia, which has put the pastime on a society basis. There is no cruelty
-in whippet racing. The dog is held on his mark by the neck and root of tail, and,
-starting off at pistol fire, the object of his run of 200 yards or less being a towel held
-by the runner-up—usually someone he knows—who stands, holloas and waves the
-“rag,” as it is called, 10 yards beyond the winning line or mark. The dogs are handicapped
-according to their weight or height. The latter is not a popular mode and it is
-the weight of a dog that is considered practically everywhere. Roughly, it can be
-reckoned that a dog of say 16 pounds is 2½ to 3 yards faster than a 15–pound dog. A
-bitch is keener than a dog. The handicap scale given in this description of the whippet
-was arranged by Freeman Lloyd and is largely in use throughout the world.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_126a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Finish in an Old-time Whippet Race Meeting</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>A whippet track may be easily laid out on grass, race track, show or fair ground.
-It must be 220 yards straight. If it is over, so much the better. The further the
-onlookers are kept off the track the more they can see, and they will not interfere with
-the dogs running. The whippets are entered, their names, weights, colors and owners
-being given. Each owner pays an entry fee for each dog and these fees are generally
-made a sweepstake and the purse divided between the first, second and third dogs in
-the final heat. The dogs must be weighed before they run and an allowance is made
-of 4 ounces or 8 ounces either way in their stated weight. The handicap is run off in
-heats, the number of dogs in each heat varying according to the entry and the duration
-of the racing. Heats may be run off like clockwork, one lot of dogs starting off as the
-others are finishing; or it may be delayed when the number of dogs is limited. If 40
-dogs are entered and an afternoon’s sport desired they can be run off in heats of four
-dogs each. There would be then 10 winners of heats to run off in the semi-finals,
-which could be either two heats of five each or, better still, three heats with two fours
-and one of three dogs. The two winners, or the three winners of the semi-finals, must
-be run off in the final. Taking the three semi-finals for choice, there would be run off
-altogether 14 races, which would occupy about two hours. The owner of the second
-may challenge the weight of the winner, immediately after the final is run. The dog
-is then allowed 6 ounces to the usual allowance made before the running of its first
-heat.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span>Here is a plan of a track. If possible, the dogs should run so that the sun shall
-not be in their faces.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_127a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The dogs run in colors, strips of narrow ribbon being tied around their necks.
-These are of red, white, blue, yellow, green and black. On the race card the shade
-of the dog’s racing color is noted in the preliminary heats. In the semi-final and final
-heats the back or scratch dog wears the red collar, the next the white, the next the
-blue, and so on. If the red dog is first over the winning line, where the judge stands,
-the judge raises a red flag. Whatever color wins so is a flag of the same color held
-aloft by the official whose ruling is final. Each “runner-up” must be behind the over
-or trig mark before his dog crosses the winning line. If dogs start when the cap is
-fired, but there is no powder explosion, it is no start. But if all dogs go fairly away,
-it is a start. Dead heats must be run off excepting in the final, where owners may agree
-to divide. If a dog is disqualified, the second dog takes his place in the records. No
-live bait allowed with the runner-up, and all dogs are subject to inspection by the
-officials. It is recommended that only whippets of 25 pounds or under be raced. The
-bigger dogs are often given to savaging or “slapping,” and appear ungainly among a
-lot of small dogs. The back dog in every heat must run the whole of the 200 yards, or
-whatever smaller course is used.</p>
-
-<h3 class='c011'><span class='sc'>Starts for Dogs and Bitches of Different Weights in 200 Yards Handicap.</span></h3>
-
-<p class='c010'>When a dog wins at a handicap he must be penalized according to the judgment
-of the handicapper. The following handicap would put each dog or bitch on equal
-terms, providing all the dogs were exactly of the same calibre or of equal racing
-powers—barring their weights:</p>
-
-<table class='table0'>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c015'>Wt. of Dog or Bitch—Lbs.</th>
-    <th class='c015'>Start for Dogs, Yd.</th>
-    <th class='c016'>Start for Bitches, Yd.</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>28</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1</td>
-    <td class='c018'>0</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>27</td>
-    <td class='c017'>2</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>26</td>
-    <td class='c017'>3</td>
-    <td class='c018'>2</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>25</td>
-    <td class='c017'>4</td>
-    <td class='c018'>3</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>21</td>
-    <td class='c017'>5</td>
-    <td class='c018'>4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>23</td>
-    <td class='c017'>6</td>
-    <td class='c018'>5</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>22</td>
-    <td class='c017'>7</td>
-    <td class='c018'>6</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>21</td>
-    <td class='c017'>8</td>
-    <td class='c018'>7</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>20</td>
-    <td class='c017'>9½</td>
-    <td class='c018'>7½</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>19</td>
-    <td class='c017'>11</td>
-    <td class='c018'>8</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>18</td>
-    <td class='c017'>12½</td>
-    <td class='c018'>9½</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>17</td>
-    <td class='c017'>14</td>
-    <td class='c018'>11</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>16</td>
-    <td class='c017'>16</td>
-    <td class='c018'>13</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>15</td>
-    <td class='c017'>18½</td>
-    <td class='c018'>14½</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>14</td>
-    <td class='c017'>21½</td>
-    <td class='c018'>17</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>13</td>
-    <td class='c017'>24½</td>
-    <td class='c018'>20</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>12</td>
-    <td class='c017'>27½</td>
-    <td class='c018'>23½</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>11</td>
-    <td class='c017'>31</td>
-    <td class='c018'>26½</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>10</td>
-    <td class='c017'>35</td>
-    <td class='c018'>30</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>9</td>
-    <td class='c017'>39</td>
-    <td class='c018'>34</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>8</td>
-    <td class='c017'>43</td>
-    <td class='c018'>38</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>7</td>
-    <td class='c017'>47</td>
-    <td class='c018'>43</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>6</td>
-    <td class='c017'>52</td>
-    <td class='c018'>48</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c017'>5</td>
-    <td class='c017'>58</td>
-    <td class='c018'>54</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog covering 200 yards in 12 seconds gallops at the rate of 16 yards 24 inches a
-second; in 13 seconds, 15 yards 14 inches, and in 14 seconds, 14 yards 10⅓ inches.</p>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c006'>The Sled Dogs of Alaska</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='drop-capa0_0_6 c013'>Between the laborer who earns his daily bread by the sweat of his brow, and the
-spoiled favorite of fortune who neither toils nor spins, there is not more difference than
-between the workers of the North—the Sled Dogs of Alaska—and the pampered, fur-coated,
-jewel-hung dogs “in society”; dogs who have their silk-lined baskets, their
-gold-mounted toilet articles, and the exclusive services of a personal attendant. But
-“Dogs is Dogs,” and the unhappy accident of birth that gives to such a dog the humiliating
-experience of having his teeth brushed by a maid, or a massage of cold cream after
-a bath in a silver-plated tub, should not be held against him—for he may still retain
-some of his admirable, lovable canine qualities through the human veneer.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A dog’s intelligence and his faithful, affectionate nature are his chief assets in his
-association with man; and if he preserves these in spite of his artificial surroundings as
-a mere toy, his development along those lines is almost unlimited when he becomes a
-co-worker with his master, and a devoted comrade through adversity and peril.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>
-<img src='images/i_128a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Incident in the Ziegler Polar Expedition, 1903–5</i><br /><i>Mr. Anthony Fiala with His Dog Teams—Lat. 82° N.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Far beyond the Aleutian Islands, which stretch a grim barrier between the North
-Pacific and Bering Sea, almost to the bleak coast of Siberia, there lies that part of
-Alaska not familiar to the average tourist. The Alaska of primeval forests, of great,
-almost unknown rivers, of vast areas of snow and ice that reach to the desolate shore
-of the Arctic—the Alaska of the Dogs; and here in the “Land that God forgot,” the
-dog holds a unique place as an indispensable factor in the settlement of the country.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>He discovered the North Pole with Peary; he discovered the South Pole and the
-Northwest Passage, too, with Amundsen; and he played a pathetic yet heroic part in
-the brave, if futile, efforts of Captain Scott to reach his goal; just as he has ever
-played well his role of support to those who have sought to penetrate the trackless
-wastes at the ends of the earth.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Late in October, usually under leaden skies, nearly the entire population of Nome
-stands upon a dreary beach watching the last boat of the open season, the “Victoria,”
-steam slowly out through a sea already heavy with young ice, and disappear in the misty
-grayness of the horizon. The parting salute of the ship’s siren has been answered by
-all of the town whistles; and then as if to add the fitting climax to the gloom of the
-occasion, it seems that every dog within hearing raises his voice to join in a mournful
-farewell chorus—a blood-curdling wail that is characteristic of these Northern dogs
-with their strong wolf strain.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_128b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>A Typical Scene in the Arctic Regions</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>But the people look with kindly eyes upon them, and even listen with kindly ears—for
-they know that every letter, paper, and magazine from now till the middle of June,
-will be brought in over fifteen hundred miles of ice and snow and frozen sea, by the
-United States Government Dog Team Mail; and that, except for the wireless system,
-all of the news from the great world “outside,” from family and friends, depends upon
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>these Postmen of the Silent Trails. They go where soft snow and other conditions
-make it impossible to use horses. No service is too lowly, no mission too high. They
-pull the baby in his tiny sled, are the means of delivery for the merchant, and they carry
-the doctor and priest to the bedside of the sick or dying in some lonely, distant cabin.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_129a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Eskimo family and malamute—At Home.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Owing to the prohibitive tax rate on railroads which traverse practically uninhabited
-districts in Seward Peninsula—a tax which has only been abolished within the past few
-months—dogs have become the motive power instead of engines; and in place of the
-“toot-toot” of the locomotive as it takes a freight train out to the mines with supplies,
-there is the “bow-wow” of the dog team “Kougarok Limited” or the “Little Creek
-Express” as it starts down the track with a loaded flat car.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>As to “joy riding,” the “Pupmobile” has every automobile completely outclassed
-when it comes to the maximum of joy, and the minimum of danger. Given a winter
-night when the frosty air brings the tingling blood to cheek and finger tip, when the
-glittering stars seem close above one’s head in the clear sky, and when the trail glistens
-like a silver ribbon in the ghostly radiance of the Northern Lights, it is a phlegmatic
-person indeed who does not feel the thrill of excitement and delight that animates the
-dogs as they strain in their harness to be away for a spin across the snows.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Then there is the famous All Alaska Sweepstakes race each April from Nome on
-Bering Sea, to Candle on the Arctic Ocean and return, a distance of 408 miles; and the
-dogs as well as the men who have won their laurels in this contest are the sort of men
-and dogs who are making the History of Alaska—who are creating an Empire from a
-Wilderness.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>There are two types of dogs used in the race. The Siberians, small, prick-eared,
-with bushy tails curled up over their backs, and with apparently decided traces of the
-fox; and the Alaskans who are of mixed breeds—setters, pointers, collies, hounds or
-what not—with a more or less pronounced wolf strain inherited from the McKenzie
-River Huskie or coast Malamute.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Both types have their staunch supporters, and for excellent reasons—for both
-possess wonderful qualities that endear them to dog users and dog lovers. The
-Siberians have not the speed, and many claim not the responsiveness and intelligence
-of the Alaskans—but they are gentle, tractable, easy to handle and are able to travel
-more steadily and with less rest than the others.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span>
-<img src='images/i_130a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>Dubby, a McKenzie River huskie, of the Allan and Darling Kennel, whose wonderful intelligence, and a record of over thirty thousand miles in harness, established his reputation as one of the greatest leaders Alaska has ever known.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The amount of rest in the race is a question of judgment with the driver, who must
-decide how much he can afford to take himself, and give his dogs without the unnecessary
-loss of a moment; but as he must return with every dog—dead or alive—with
-which he started, it is to his greatest advantage to keep them in the very best of condition.
-At every road-house and relay camp where they stop for food and sleep, it is
-“Dogs First,” no driver thinking of himself till his team is fed, rubbed, and bedded.
-When they are tired or foot-sore, they ride in turn upon the sled, recuperating quickly
-in this way. Little moccasins of canton flannel are carried to be used on hard trails,
-and veils of black or green mosquito netting are placed over the dogs’ eyes if the glare
-of the sun is too dazzling.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In the Sweepstakes of 1910, John Johnson, a Russian Finn, driving a team of
-Siberians entered by Colonel Charles Ramsay of London, came in first. The weather
-had been ideal, the trail perfect, and they had broken all records—covering the 408 miles
-in but little more than seventy-four hours. Closely following them was Charles Fox-Maule
-Ramsay, nephew of Colonel Ramsay, and younger brother of the Earl of Dalhousie,
-driving his own team of Siberians; and it certainly seemed that the day of the
-Siberians had come. But in 1911 and 1912, through terrible blizzards and over miserable
-trails, the Allan and Darling team of Alaskans, driven by “Scotty” Allan, were the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>winners; and in 1913, Fay Dalzene, with the Bowen-Dalzene dogs, was first, also using
-the Alaskan type. So that out of the seven great races that have been held under the
-auspices of the Nome Kennel Club since it was organized in 1908, five victories have
-fallen to the Alaskans, and the breaking of the record to the Siberians.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In short distances some of the dogs are remarkably fast, travelling at the rate of
-fifteen or sixteen miles an hour. Irish, one of the Allan and Darling team, a beautiful
-setter with some huskie blood, can pace a mile in three minutes; and Spot, a cross-bred
-pointer and huskie, after leading the team thirty miles over a heavy trail, covered four
-miles in thirteen minutes and twenty-five seconds without breaking.</p>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_131a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p><i>The starting of John Johnson’s team of Siberians in one of the All Alaska Sweepstakes Races in Nome, Alaska.</i></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>As dog teams are not driven with reins, but by word of mouth, there must be in
-every team a particularly intelligent dog who is the leader. He must understand not
-only the simple orders “Mush” (go on), “Gee” (to the right), “Haw” (to the left), and
-“Stop,” but he must have exceptionally quick instincts, a definite acknowledged mastery
-over the other dogs, and a sort of canine good judgment which tells him the right thing
-to do in difficulties and emergencies.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span>The stories of the marvellous sagacity of certain leaders are easy of belief to “the
-men that know the North” as Service calls them, but they would appear to be gross
-exaggerations or absolute untruths to those who have never seen dogs work in harness
-on the trail.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>A leader has certain privileges, such as getting into the sled when the driver is not
-at the handle bars, and reposing in comfort and dignity on the furs while the rest of the
-dogs lie in the snow; and other perquisites which may occasion bitter jealousy and
-make necessary the utmost precaution in guarding him from the attacks of his envious
-team-mates. Sometimes an old leader, discarded or pensioned, will craftily wait for a
-chance to kill his successor—this chance generally occurring when the new aspirant for
-honors is tied and at a disadvantage. Some leaders, however, through wonderful
-strength and other superior qualities, become more or less exempt from this ill feeling,
-and their leadership is freely and pleasantly accepted both in and out of “business
-hours.” Of these, Dubby, a magnificent specimen of the McKenzie River huskie,
-brought down from Dawson by “Scotty” Allan, was one of the most prominent. Dubby
-lived to be twelve years old, but was pensioned on his ninth birthday, while still in
-perfect condition and well able to enjoy the rewards of his faithful service. He had a
-record of over thirty thousand miles, in harness, to his credit, and the anecdotes of his
-intelligence are legion. He was often driven “loose,” running ahead of the team instead
-of being hooked up with them; and he was so efficient as a “general manager” that
-the loss of his pulling power was of small moment compared to his ability to find and
-keep an obliterated trail, and his capacity for doing the many clever and helpful things
-that his active mind found to do. A mere hint that some dog was not working was
-enough, and Dubby would rush back to critically examine them all till the shirker was
-located by a slack tow line or traces not held taut. The culprit received a warning
-nip on the ear or flank, which was a threat of worse punishment if he did not mend his
-laggard habits; then Dub would dash off to give some other evidence of his real generalship.
-Perhaps it would be to decide that the ice on the river was not thick enough
-to bear the weight of the heavily loaded sled—for some strange instinct enabled him to
-know that fact, when an experienced Musher could be readily deceived; or he would
-choose the correct trail where many met and crossed, in spite of the efforts of an
-exasperated driver to convince him of the error of his ways. “You stubborn old
-Siwash (an insult indeed to apply the name of the most shiftless of Indians to a self-respecting
-huskie), I’ll wager you’re wrong; but do as you please, keep us all out here
-in thirty below weather, tired and hungry, and then maybe next time you’ll listen to
-reason.” But Dubby never did make the predicted mistake, and many a comfortable
-night’s rest in shelter and warmth was the result of his unerring confidence in his own
-ability which no argument could disturb. He would politely wag his stump of a tail
-while he listened tolerantly to your opinion, but he ignored it with the same amiable
-disregard one would show toward the foolish suggestions of a babbling child.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>The tragedies of the Arctic wastes are many, and would be more but for the
-faithful dogs; the list of canine heroes is long, and would be much longer were all of
-their brave deeds recorded. They have never, like some of whom we read, attended an
-“Acadamie pour Chiens,” and acquired, with a diploma, such unnatural refinements
-and useless accomplishments as are displayed by “dogs in society.” If invited to
-attend a luncheon of chicken à la Maryland, served on a decorated table, with Fifi and
-Bijou as fellow guests, they would not only demolish the chicken in short order, but
-also the decorations, and possibly Fifi and Bijou as well—classing them with cats and
-other legitimate prey.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>There is no downy cushion before the blazing fire, no chosen corner of the
-limousine, no tooth brush or manicure set for the work dog of the North; yet they are
-probably happier than their kin of the governess and college education. They have
-no time for ennui—there are duties to be done, and it is rare indeed to find a sled
-dog who does not take pride in his task, show delight at the sight of his harness, and
-eagerly welcome the preparations for a good long mush.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Perhaps one of the most striking features of the races is the pleasure that the dogs
-manifest not only in the preliminary training, but in the contest itself. One frequently
-sees a team of dogs, old in the knowledge of racing, perfectly familiar with the hardships
-before them, waiting for the signal to leave, and so eager to be off, that three or
-four men are barely able to restrain them till the dip of the flag starts them on their
-dash to the Arctic. So, too, it is not unusual for a Mail Team, becoming impatient of
-the delay in unloading the mail, to run away after having carried a thousand pounds of
-mail for a distance of two or three hundred miles.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>In summer when the dogs are not being used they often spend the time about
-mining camps where they are fed; or if in town they select one or more houses to which
-they make daily visits at meal hours if they find the inmates hospitably inclined. In
-many districts the dogs are virtually turned out to forage for themselves, when the
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span>wild strain in them asserts itself to an astonishing degree; but this is not true of Nome
-where dogs are held in high esteem, and where they are given the proper care at all
-seasons. And each year when the last boat of the summer sails from Nome, there is a
-long list of dog passengers. To a fancier they would seem undoubtedly a collection not
-worth their transportation; to my Lady of the Lap Dog they would cause shudders of
-disgust; there would be no place at the Bench Show for such as these. They are
-without pedigree, or beauty perhaps—mongrels if you will—but one never knows what a
-wealth of fidelity may be hidden beneath a rough exterior. Many a story that touches
-the heart may be extracted from the prospector going outside accompanied by some
-favorite dog who has shared his solitude and his hardships; who has helped to bear his
-burdens, and who is now to enjoy with him what they have earned together.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Perhaps that blind old huskie has guided his bewildered driver along the right
-trail to safety, true to the instincts of the wild, when the whirling snow and icy sleet
-cut like stinging whip lashes into the face and eyes, making sight impossible.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Perhaps this ragged, ungroomed malamute with his wolf head and his human heart,
-dragged himself with patient, bleeding feet, half starved and nearly frozen, to some
-remote camp with the warning that his unconscious master, caught unprepared in a
-sudden storm, needed help.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Perhaps—but after all, each tale is only another variation of the same theme: dog’s
-loyalty to man. And as pampered pets, or as valued assistants, in society or out of it,
-this loyalty justifies the attention and regard they receive. It is the one thing all dogs
-have in common, and whether in their veins runs the blue blood of generations of prize
-winners, or the humble strain of some obscure street waif, it is to You, and not to
-what you possess, not for what you can offer him, that the dog gives his steadfast
-allegiance.</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c012'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Sometimes when life has gone wrong with you</div>
-      <div class='line'>And the world seems a dreary place,</div>
-      <div class='line'>Has your dog ever silently crept to your feet,</div>
-      <div class='line'>His yearning eyes turned to your face—</div>
-      <div class='line'>Has he made you feel that he understands,</div>
-      <div class='line'>And all that he asks of you</div>
-      <div class='line'>Is to share your lot, be it good or ill,</div>
-      <div class='line'>With a chance to be loyal and true?</div>
-      <div class='line'>Are you branded a failure? He does not know—</div>
-      <div class='line'>A sinner? He does not care—</div>
-      <div class='line'>You’re Master to him—that’s all that counts—</div>
-      <div class='line'>A word, and his day is fair.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Your birth and your station are nothing to him;</div>
-      <div class='line'>A Palace and Hut are the same;</div>
-      <div class='line'>And his love is yours in honor and peace,</div>
-      <div class='line'>As it’s yours through disaster and shame.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Though others forget you and pass you by,</div>
-      <div class='line'>He is ever your Faithful Friend,—</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ready to give you the best that is his,</div>
-      <div class='line'>Unselfishly, unto the End.</div>
-      <div class='line in36'><span class='sc'>Esther Birdsall Darling.</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>
-  <h2 class='c006'>INDEX</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table1'>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c015'><span class='small'>Breed.</span></th>
-    <th class='c015'><span class='small'>Nationality.</span></th>
-    <th class='c016'><span class='small'>Page.</span></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bloodhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>English</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_7'>7</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bulldog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_8'>8</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bulldog (Miniature)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_8'>8</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Foxhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_9'>9</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Trailhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_9'>9</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Harrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_10'>10</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Beagle</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_10'>10</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Collie (Rough-Coated)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_11'>11</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Collie (Smooth-Coated)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_11'>11</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Retriever (Flat-Coated)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_12'>12</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Retriever (Curly-Coated)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_12'>12</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_13'>13</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Setter</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_13'>13</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Spaniel (Clumber)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_14'>14</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Spaniel (English Springer)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_15'>15</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Spaniel (Sussex)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_15'>15</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Spaniel (Field)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_16'>16</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Spaniel (Cocker)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_16'>16</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Fox Terrier (Smooth-Coated)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_17'>17</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Fox Terrier (Wire-Haired)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_17'>17</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_18'>18</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Whippet</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_18'>18</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bull Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_19'>19</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bull Terrier (Toy)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_19'>19</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Airedale</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_20'>20</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bedlington</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_20'>20</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Manchester Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_21'>21</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Manchester Terrier (Toy)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_21'>21</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Mastiff</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_22'>22</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>White English Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_22'>22</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Old English Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_23'>23</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>White English Toy Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_23'>23</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Otterhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_24'>24</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Yorkshire Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_24'>24</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Toy Spaniel</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_25'>25</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Irish Wolfhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Irish</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_26'>26</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Irish Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_27'>27</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Kerry Beagle</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_27'>27</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Irish Setter</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_28'>28</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Irish Water Spaniel</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_28'>28</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Skye Terrier (Prick-Eared)</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Scottish</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_29'>29</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Skye Terrier (Drop-Eared)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_29'>29</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>West Highland White Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_30'>30</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Scottish Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_30'>30</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Deerhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_31'>31</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Shetland Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_31'>31</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dandie Dinmont</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_32'>32</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Cairn Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_32'>32</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Gordon Setter</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_33'>33</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bearded Collie</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_33'>33</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Welsh Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Welsh</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_34'>34</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Sealyham Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_34'>34</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Welsh Springer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_35'>35</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Welsh Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_35'>35</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Gazelle Hound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Indian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_36'>36</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Lhassa Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_37'>37</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Tibetan Mastiff</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_37'>37</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Rampur Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_38'>38</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Banjara</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_38'>38</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Barb</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Australian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Australian Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_39'>39</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Kangaroo Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_40'>40</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'><span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>Maltese Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Malta</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_40'>40</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Newfoundland (Black)</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Newfoundland</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Newfoundland (Black and White)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_42'>42</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Huskie</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Canadian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_42'>42</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Labrador Retriever</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_42'>42</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pyrenean Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c019'>French</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_43'>43</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>French Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_44'>44</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Barbet</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_44'>44</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Smooth-Coated French Basset</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_45'>45</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Rough-Coated French Basset</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_45'>45</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Rough-Coated Basset of Brittany</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_46'>46</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Basset of the Ardennes</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_46'>46</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Rough-Coated Basset of Vendée</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_47'>47</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Blue Basset of Gascogne</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_47'>47</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>French Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_48'>48</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dupuy Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_48'>48</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pointer of Ariege</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pointer of Saint-Germain</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pointer Bourbonnais</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_50'>50</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Blue Pointer of Auvergne</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_50'>50</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>French Setter</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_51'>51</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Setter of Picardie</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_51'>51</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Setter of Pont-Audemer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_51'>51</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Griffon Boulet</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_52'>52</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Griffon Guerlain</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_52'>52</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Griffon Nivernais</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_53'>53</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Griffon Fauve de Bretagne</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_53'>53</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Griffon Vendeen</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_54'>54</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>French Bulldog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_54'>54</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Poodle (Corded)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_55'>55</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Poodle (Non-Corded)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_55'>55</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Poodle (Toy)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_56'>56</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bordeaux</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_56'>56</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Hound of Vendée</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_57'>57</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Poitevin Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_57'>57</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Poitou Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Normand Dog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_58'>58</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Saintonge</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_59'>59</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Gascogne</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_59'>59</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Franche-Comté</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_60'>60</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Artois</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_60'>60</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Virelade</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Gris de Saint-Louis</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Great Dane</td>
-    <td class='c019'>German</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_62'>62</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dachshund</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_63'>63</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pomeranian</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_64'>64</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pomeranian (Miniature)</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_64'>64</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dobermann Pinscher</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_65'>65</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Affenpinscher</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_65'>65</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>German Shepherd Dog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_66'>66</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>German Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_66'>66</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Wire-Coated German Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_67'>67</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Smooth-Coated German Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_67'>67</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Smooth-Coated German Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_68'>68</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Rough-Coated German Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_68'>68</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pointer of Wurtemberg</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_69'>69</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pointer of Weimar</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_69'>69</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>German Setter</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_70'>70</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Wachtelhund</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_70'>70</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Griffon-Korthals</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_71'>71</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Boxer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_71'>71</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Hanovrian Limer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_72'>72</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bavarian Limer</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_72'>72</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Italian Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Italian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_73'>73</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Sheepdog of Abruzzes</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_73'>73</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Italian Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_74'>74</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Italian Griffon</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_74'>74</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'><span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span>Italian Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Italian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_75'>75</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bolognese</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_75'>75</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Draught Dog</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Belgian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_76'>76</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Brussels Griffon</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_77'>77</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Toy Brabantine</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_77'>77</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Belgian Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_78'>78</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Schipperke</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_78'>78</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Papillon</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_79'>79</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Wire-Haired Dutch Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Dutch</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_79'>79</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dutch Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_80'>80</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Danish Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Denmark</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_80'>80</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Austrian Hound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Austrian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_81'>81</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Hungarian Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Hungarian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_81'>81</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bosnian Hound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Bosnian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_82'>82</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dalmatian</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Dalmatian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_82'>82</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Spanish Pointer</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Spanish</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_83'>83</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Medelan</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_83'>83</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>St. Bernard</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Swiss</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_84'>84</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Swiss Setter</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_85'>85</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Lucern Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_85'>85</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Bern Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_86'>86</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Swiss Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_86'>86</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Borzoi</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Russian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_87'>87</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Russian Yellow Retriever</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_88'>88</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Russian Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_88'>88</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Owtchar</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_89'>89</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Samoyed</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_89'>89</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Finnish Pom</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Finland</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_90'>90</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Finnish Hound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_91'>91</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Norwegian Elkhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Norwegian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_91'>91</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Swedian Hound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Swedian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_92'>92</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Norwegian Hound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Norwegian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_92'>92</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Iceland Dog</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Iceland</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_93'>93</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dog of Noorland</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Noorland</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_93'>93</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Lapland Sheepdog</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Lapland</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_94'>94</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Esquimau</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Greenland</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_94'>94</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Boston Terrier</td>
-    <td class='c019'>American</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_95'>95</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>American Bloodhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_95'>95</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Chesapeake</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_96'>96</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>American Foxhound</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_96'>96</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Mexican Hairless</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Mexican</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_97'>97</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Chihuahua</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_97'>97</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Japanese Spaniel</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Japanese</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_98'>98</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pekingese Spaniel</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Chinese</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_99'>99</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Happa</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_99'>99</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Chow-Chow</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_100'>100</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Pug</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_100'>100</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Chinese Crested Dog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_101'>101</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Little Lion Dog</td>
-    <td class='c015'>„</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_101'>101</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Balearic Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Spanish</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_102'>102</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Phu-Quoc Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Siamese</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_103'>103</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Portuguese Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Portuguese</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_103'>103</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Persian Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Persian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_104'>104</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Arabian Greyhound</td>
-    <td class='c019'>Arabian</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_104'>104</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr><td class='c020' colspan='3'>CHAPTERS.</td></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dogs of Warfare</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_105'>105</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>British Sheepdogs</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_110'>110</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Training the Shepherd Dog</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_113'>113</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Police Dogs</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_115'>115</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>The Hunting World and the Use of Dogs</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_118'>118</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>The Gun and Coursing Dogs of the World</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_120'>120</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Whippet Dogs and Whippet Racing</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_125'>125</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>The Sled Dogs of Alaska</td>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'><a href='#Page_127'>127</a></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c002' />
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span></div>
-<div class='double'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>“DOGS</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>OF ALL</span></div>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>NATIONS”</span></div>
-    <div class='c004'>will give special displays on the</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Panama-Pacific International Exposition</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Track and Polo Grounds</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>on <em class='gesperrt'>SUNDAY</em> afternoons and</div>
-      <div class='line'>other special occasions featuring</div>
-      <div class='line'>the following UTILITY DOGS:</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>SHEEP DOG TRIALS</div>
-      <div class='line'>POLICE DOG TRIALS</div>
-      <div class='line'>WAR DOG MANEUVERS</div>
-      <div class='line'>AMBULANCE DOG DRILL</div>
-      <div class='line'>ARCTIC SLED DOGS</div>
-      <div class='line'>WHIPPET RACING</div>
-      <div class='line'>PERFORMING DOGS</div>
-      <div class='line'>PARADE of the WORLD’S</div>
-      <div class='line'>CHAMPION BENCH DOGS</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c021'>Dates and other information will be announced
-later.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span></div>
-<div class='border'>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b c012'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><i>With eyes upraised, his master’s face to scan;</i></div>
-      <div class='line'><i>The joy, the solace, and the aid of man;</i></div>
-      <div class='line'><i>The rich man’s guardian, the poor man’s friend;</i></div>
-      <div class='line'><i>The only creature faithful to the end.</i></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>My twenty-five years’ experience as breeder, exhibitor, trainer
-and judge of dogs is at the service of anyone requiring specimens
-either for the show bench, for work in the field or for society.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='under'><span class='sc'>Absolute satisfaction guaranteed.</span></span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Dogs from my kennels are constantly taking leading show
-bench honors in England, France, Germany, Australia, New
-Zealand, South Africa, Canada, and every State in North America.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>All sales effected during the Exposition must be made through
-the office in the “<span class='sc'>Dogs of All Nations</span>” building, for which an
-official receipt will be given.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Specimens purchased from the collection comprising the “<span class='sc'>Dogs
-of All Nations</span>” exhibit may be either shipped by express in
-suitable traveling crate or taken away on lead, in which event a
-special pass-out permit will be required.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>References will be supplied, on request, to hundreds of satisfied
-clients who have honored me with their patronage.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Banking references as follows:</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>Crocker National Bank, San Francisco, Cal.</div>
-      <div class='line'>New Netherlands Bank, New York, N. Y.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Ridgewood Trust Co., Ridgewood, N. J.</div>
-      <div class='line'>London County &amp; Westminster Bank, Woking, Eng.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Bank of Liverpool, Southport, Eng.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Address all communications during 1915</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>W. E. MASON</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>“DOGS OF ALL NATIONS”</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Exposition Grounds</div>
-    <div>San Francisco, Cal.</div>
-    <div>Phones: Fillmore 7000—Local 175</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class='c022' />
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>EUROPEAN OFFICE</div>
-    <div class='c002'>407 Lord Street, Southport, Eng.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span><span class='xlarge'>MOORE’S TOXIN</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>(<i>Bacterin</i>)</div>
-    <div class='c002'>FOR CANINE DISTEMPER</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Cures and Prevents</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>This is the original distemper bacterin
-and nothing else has been produced that
-gets the same results in the same way.
-It has been thoroughly tested on both
-sides of the Atlantic for <strong>NINE YEARS</strong>.
-We are proud of the verdict of those
-who use it.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><i>Manufactured by</i></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>Middle Mass. Chemical Co.</span></div>
-    <div>Palmer, Mass., U. S. A.</div>
-    <div class='c002'><i>European Agent</i></div>
-    <div>W. E. MASON</div>
-    <div><i>407 Lord St., Southport, England</i></div>
-    <div class='c002'><i>Canadian Agents</i></div>
-    <div>E. G. WEST &amp; CO.</div>
-    <div><i>80 George St., Toronto, Ont.</i></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span></div>
-<div class='double'>
-
-<div  class='figleft id006'>
-<img src='images/i_140a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id006'>
-<img src='images/i_140a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div><span class='large'>“FOR YOUR DOG’S SAKE”</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>DR. DELANEY’S</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>VERMILAX</span></div>
-    <div class='c004'>SUPREME DOG REMEDIES</div>
-    <div class='c002'>USED AND RECOMMENDED BY</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='large'>THE BEST KENNELS IN THE WORLD</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>FOR</div>
-    <div>HUNTING</div>
-    <div>DRAUGHT</div>
-    <div>RACING</div>
-    <div>WATCH</div>
-    <div>SHOW</div>
-    <div>PET</div>
-    <div>DOGS</div>
-    <div class='c002'>“Dogs of All Nations”</div>
-    <div>AND</div>
-    <div>Dogs of Every Age and Breed</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0'>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Blood Purifying Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>$0.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Cankered Ear Lotion</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Chorea Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Condition Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Cough Syrup</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Diarrhoea Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Digestive Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Disinfectant and Germicide</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Distemper Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1.00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Eye Lotion</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Fever Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Flea Powder</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Gum Set (For Loose Teeth)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Kidney Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Liniment</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Mange Remedy (Stainless)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1.00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Mange Remedy (Standard)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1.00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Mouth Wash</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Rheumatic Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Shampoo—“Veno” (For Toy Dogs and Puppies)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Shampoo—Deodorizing (For Large Dogs)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Skin Cleansing Cream (For Toy Dogs and Puppies)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Skin Cleanser (For Large Dogs)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Soap—Special Cake (For Toy Dogs and Puppies)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Soap—Cake (For Large Dogs and All Animals)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Tonic Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>VERMILAX (The Supreme Worm Remedy)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>VERMILAX (The Supreme Worm Remedy)</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1.00</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>VERMILAX SUPREME DOG REMEDIES</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>ARE ABSOLUTELY UNSURPASSED</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>Sold during the Exposition at the “<strong>VERMILAX</strong>” Exhibit in the Liberal Arts Building
-also at the “DOGS OF ALL NATIONS” Exhibit and by Leading Drug and Department
-Stores, Sporting Goods Houses and Pet Shops Everywhere.</p>
-
-<div  class='figleft id006'>
-<img src='images/i_140a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-<div  class='figright id006'>
-<img src='images/i_140a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>VERMILAX CO., Inc.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Dept. D. N., 220 W. 42d St., New York</div>
-    <div class='c002'>(Send for Dr. Delaney’s Valuable FREE Book on Dogs)</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span></div>
-<div class='double'>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id004'>
-<img src='images/i_141a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-<div class='ic005'>
-<p>Irish Wolfhound</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>Toyon</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>Southport St. Patrick</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='double'>
-
-<p class='c023'>Farm raised puppies from the best imported stock usually For Sale.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='xlarge'>TOYON KENNELS</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>LOS ALTOS, CALIFORNIA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_142'>142</span></div>
-<div class='double'>
-
-<div  class='figleft id007'>
-<img src='images/i_142a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>FOR WORMS GIVE</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>Either in Liquid form, Soft Capsules or Pills</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c008'>The peculiar virtue of Clayton’s Vermifuge
-is recognized by all dog fanciers. There is
-no other vermifuge like it.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE (Liquid)
-is equally good for dogs of all ages and
-breeds, and is especially adapted for very
-young puppies. The treatment for
-worms in puppies should be commenced
-at 10 days old, as they have worms soon
-after birth. (Can be administered in
-capsules.)</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>CLAYTON’S VERMIFUGE (Soft) CAPSULES are intended for
-puppies after they are six weeks old and for grown dogs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Where a pill is more easily administered there is nothing better than
-Clayton’s Worm Pills. For puppies 6 weeks old and for grown dogs.</p>
-
-<p class='c008'>Rid your puppies of worms and give them a chance to grow strong
-and healthy.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>CLAYTON’S MANGE REMEDY AND CLAYTON’S SKIN LOTION</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c005'>Are for every form of Skin Disease. They are to destroy all parasites,
-heal the skin and promote the growth of the hair.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>CLAYTON’S DISTEMPERINE AND CLAYTON’S DISTEMPERINE TABLETS</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c005'>Are for all forms of Distemper. You need not fear Distemper when you
-have Clayton’s Distemperine or Clayton’s Distemperine Tablets.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>CLAYTON’S CONDITION PILLS WITH PEPSIN</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c005'>Are a reliable remedy for all run-down conditions of the nervous system,
-or after any constitutional disease. They are especially useful when
-convalescing from distemper. They are to make your dog eat and grow
-strong and healthy.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>USE CLAYTON’S COOLING DOG WASH AND DISINFECTANT</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c005'>For Washing your Dog and to Disinfect your Kennel. It is an excellent
-disinfectant, deodorizer and germicide.</p>
-
-<table class='table0'>
-  <tr><th class='c020' colspan='3'>FULL LIST OF CLAYTON’S DOG REMEDIES</th></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c017'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <th class='c019'>Clayton’s</th>
-    <th class='c015'>Price</th>
-    <th class='c016'>Postpaid</th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Mange Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c017'>$0.50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>$0.75</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Skin Lotion</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>75</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Distemperine</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Distemperine Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Condition Pills, Pepsin</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Blood Purifying and Cooling Pills</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Digestive Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Laxative Pills</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Worm Pills</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Tape Worm Expeller</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Vermifuge (Liquid)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Vermifuge (Soft Capsules)</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Canker Lotion</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Canker Lotion Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Eye Lotion</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Eye Lotion Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Fit Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Fit Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Cough Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Sulphur Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Puppy Tonic</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Rheumatic Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Diarrhoea Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>60</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Diarrhoea Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Cholera Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c017'>50</td>
-    <td class='c018'>50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Goitre Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c017'>1.00</td>
-    <td class='c018'>1.00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Ceoline Dog Wash and Disinfectant</td>
-    <td class='c017'>25</td>
-    <td class='c018'>35</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Shampoo</td>
-    <td class='c017'>25</td>
-    <td class='c018'>30</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Kilflea Soap</td>
-    <td class='c017'>25</td>
-    <td class='c018'>30</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Dog Soap</td>
-    <td class='c017'>20</td>
-    <td class='c018'>25</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Ceoline Dog Soap</td>
-    <td class='c017'>10</td>
-    <td class='c018'>15</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Kilflea Powder</td>
-    <td class='c017'>25</td>
-    <td class='c018'>35</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class='c008'>Clayton’s Remedies are for sale by all Sporting Goods Houses, Drug
-Stores and Bird Stores. Send 2c. stamp for Dr. Clayton’s Treatise on the
-Dog, or ask your dealer for one.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c0'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Manufactured By</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Dr. Geo. W. Clayton, 1810 Wabash Ave., Chicago</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_143'>143</span></div>
-<div class='border'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='large'>GLOVER’S IMPERIAL DOG REMEDIES</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>THE PIONEER AMERICAN DOG MEDICINES</div>
-    <div class='c004'>The Result of</div>
-    <div>35 Years’</div>
-    <div>Experience in the</div>
-    <div>Treatment of</div>
-    <div>Sick Dogs</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_143a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>Sold by</div>
-    <div>Druggists</div>
-    <div>and</div>
-    <div>Sporting Goods</div>
-    <div>Dealers</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<table class='table0'>
-  <tr><th class='c020' colspan='2'>COMPLETE LIST</th></tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>&#160;</td>
-    <td class='c018'>&#160;</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Distemper Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>$1.00</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Mange Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Vermifuge</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Canker Wash</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Blood Purifier</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Tonic</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Cough Mixture</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Fit Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Eye Lotion</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Black Tongue Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Condition Pills</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Digestive Pills</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Liver Pills</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Comp. Sulphur Tablets</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Worm Capsules</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Tape Worm Capsules</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Diarrhoea Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Liniment</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Sore Foot Remedy</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.50</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class='c019'>Kennel and Stable Soap</td>
-    <td class='c018'>.25</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><i>REFUSE WORTHLESS SUBSTITUTES</i></div>
-    <div class='c002'>Book on “DOG DISEASES AND HOW TO FEED,” Free on Application</div>
-    <div class='c002'>H. CLAY GLOVER, V. S.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>25 Years Veterinarian to the Westminster Kennel Club</div>
-    <div class='c002'>118 West 31st Street      New York City, U. S. A.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='border'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='large'>“BETTIS” AIREDALES</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c024'>were accepted by the proprietor of
-the “Dogs of All Nations” Exhibit
-at the Panama-Pacific International
-Exposition, because of their well
-known qualities as Hunters, Protectors,
-Companions and Winners. For
-years they have been produced Only
-from Educated and Winning stock
-of Fashionable blood lines. They
-Win, Work and Please invariably.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div><span class='large'>HY-BORN KENNELS</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>Bettis Airedales Exclusively</div>
-    <div class='c002'>R. L. BETTIS, Owner      FRESNO, CALIF.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_144'>144</span></div>
-<div class='border'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div><span class='large'>“PITTSBURGH PERFECT” LAWN FENCES</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figleft id007'>
-<img src='images/i_144a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>The most distinctive lawn fence
-fabric made. Supplied in styles and
-sizes specially adapted to enclose
-Lawns, Gardens, Estates, Deer
-Parks, Cemeteries, etc. Made of
-tough, strong, durable Open Hearth
-Wire genuinely <strong>double galvanized</strong>.
-All wires electrically welded at the
-joints. The strongest, toughest,
-most durable and economical fence
-you can buy. In use all over the
-world. Sold by dealers everywhere.
-Write for Catalogue.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='border'>
-
-<div  class='figright id007'>
-<img src='images/i_144b.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>PITTSBURGH STEEL COMPANY</div>
-    <div>PITTSBURGH, PA.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>BRANCH OFFICES:</div>
-    <div class='c002'>New York Chicago Memphis Duluth San Francisco Dallas</div>
-    <div class='c002'>The largest independent plant in the world manufacturing Nails, Wire and Fencing</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='border'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c004'>
-    <div>AT STUD</div>
-    <div class='c002'>The Imported Airedale Terrier</div>
-    <div class='c002'>“Clonmel Master Nobbler”</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div  class='figcenter id003'>
-<img src='images/i_144c.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>A High Class Dog for High Class Bitches</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Airedale puppies for sale. Combining the most
-classical blood lines of England and America.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>TOPCLIFFE KENNELS</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Property of Miss Edith Chesebrough</div>
-    <div class='c002'>BURLINGAME, CALIFORNIA</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_145'>145</span></div>
-<div class='double'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div><span class='large'>A Friendly Warning</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>TO OWNER OF DOGS</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>Guard against the substitution of inferior
-foods, said to be “Just as good as Spratt’s”
-by insisting upon our name appearing on
-every package you purchase. The success
-of the genuine production has given rise to
-a number of imitations—but there are no
-real substitutes.</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>NOTHING CAN TAKE THE PLACE OF</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>SPRATT’S FOODS</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c000'>for Dogs, Cats, Poultry, Birds, etc., and in
-the interest of the health and well being of
-your pet, it will pay you to ask for, and
-insist on having “SPRATT’S.”</p>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>SEND STAMP FOR “DOG CULTURE?”</div>
-    <div class='c002'><span class='large'>SPRATT’S PATENT LTD.</span></div>
-    <div class='c002'>Main office and factories</div>
-    <div class='c002'>NEWARK, NEW JERSEY</div>
-    <div class='c002'>Pacific Coast Depot</div>
-    <div class='c002'>No. 60 Federal Street, San Francisco, Cal.</div>
-    <div class='c002'>DEPOTS AT</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>St. Louis, Mo.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Cleveland, Ohio</div>
-      <div class='line'>Chicago, Ill.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Boston, Mass.</div>
-      <div class='line'>Montreal, Canada</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-  <div class='nf-center'>
-    <div>FACTORIES ALSO AT</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-b'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>London, England</div>
-      <div class='line'>Berlin, Germany</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c002' />
-</div>
-<div class='tnotes x-ebookmaker'>
-
-<div class='chapter ph2'>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c001'>
-    <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
- <ol class='ol_1 c004'>
-    <li>Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.
-
-    </li>
-    <li>Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.
-    </li>
-  </ol>
-
-</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DOGS OF ALL NATIONS ***</div>
-<div style='text-align:left'>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-Updated editions will replace the previous one&#8212;the old editions will
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-
-<div style='margin-top:1em; font-size:1.1em; text-align:center'>START: FULL LICENSE</div>
-<div style='text-align:center;font-size:0.9em'>THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE</div>
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