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If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: An Account of Two Voyages to New-England - Made During the Years 1638, 1663 - -Author: John Josselyn - -Editor: William Veazie - -Release Date: December 11, 2021 [eBook #66922] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO -NEW-ENGLAND *** - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - This book was published in 1865. It was, as the Preface notes, a - “literal” and “exact” copy of the original book published in 1674, - and so retained the spelling, the punctuation and the copious - italicizing of the original. (The errata in the 1674 book were - applied.) - - This etext maintains this careful reproduction of the 1674 text, - with some exceptions that are noted at the end of the book. - - The page numbers of the 1674 book are embedded in the text and - etext in [] brackets; for example [p. 75.] - - The 1865 publisher inserted two corrections in [] brackets; they - have been retained in this etext without change: - page 9: “the Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern” - page 157: “20 English miles, [leagues?] or 60 miles”. - - The dates in the book of course accord with the Julian calendar. - Dual dating was (sometimes) used for events between January 1st - and March 25th (the end of a Julian year), for example on page - 204: “the 24 of _January_ 1659/60 landed at”. - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - The tables in this book are best viewed using a monospace font. - - - - - [Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - TWO VOYAGES - - TO - - NEW-ENGLAND. - - [Illustration: (Decorative icon.)] - - - - - _AN ACCOUNT_ - - OF - - TWO VOYAGES - - TO - - _NEW-ENGLAND_, - - Made during the years 1638, 1663. - - _By JOHN JOSSELYN, Gent._ - - [Illustration: (Publisher colophon.)] - - Boston: - - WILLIAM VEAZIE. - - MDCCCLXV. - - - - - Two Hundred and Fifty Copies printed, Small Quarto. - - - _Riverside, Cambridge_: - Printed by H. O. HOUGHTON & CO. - - - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - -PUBLISHER’S PREFACE. - - -The work published by Josselyn in 1672, entitled “New England’s -Rarities discovered,” which has been reprinted in a similar form, -and as a companion volume to the present, contains a full and -detailed account of the family of the author, with many curious -facts relating to the personal history of this early explorer of -New England; but it has been thought expedient to prefix to his -narrative a genealogical chart of the family, copied from a paper -among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, the substance -of which has been printed in the “New England Historical and -Genealogical Register,” and which is now kindly furnished for -publication by Samuel G. Drake, Esq. The table now published will -be found generally to confirm the information given in the account -of the family already published. - -The first of the “Two Voyages” of Josselyn, of which he gives an -account in the present work, was undertaken in the year 1638, -only eight years after the settlement of Boston, and when, to use -his own words, “it was rather a village than a town, there being -not above twenty or thirty houses;” while the second visit of the -author to New England took place in 1663, after an absence of -twenty-five years, and when the town had assumed the proportions of -a flourishing seaport. On this occasion he appears to have remained -in New England for eight years, the principal part of which was -spent on the plantation of his brother, Henry Josselyn, at Black -Point. - -This work is the latest of the author’s productions, and was -not given to the public until 1674. It was reprinted by the -Massachusetts Historical Society in 1833, and may be found in -the third volume of the third series of their collections. -Josselyn’s observations on the natural history of the country, his -descriptions of the various plants and notices of their medicinal -effects, are more full and exact in the present work than in the -“New England’s Rarities,” printed two years earlier, and must be -considered as among the most valuable of those given by the early -botanists of New England. - -The political and theological opinions of Josselyn were not -in accordance with those generally received in the Colonies, -particularly in the later years of his life. On this subject, Prof. -Tuckerman, in his Introduction to the work last mentioned, remarks -that, “In the account of his first voyage, there is no appearance -of that dislike to the Massachusetts government and people which -is observable in the narrative of the second; and may there not -unfairly be connected with his brother’s political and religious -differences with Massachusetts.” There is sufficient evidence in -this work to show that the sympathies of the author were enlisted -in the royal cause, and there appears to be little ground for -admitting his supposed complicity in the fruitless insurrection in -the north of England in 1663, or his identity with the “Capt. John -Jossline” mentioned by the late Rev. Joseph Hunter in his account -of the family. - -The chronological table appended to his “New-England’s Rarities” -is greatly enlarged in the present work, and continued to the year -1674. - -In reprinting this rare and curious volume, great care has been -taken to make it a _literal_ and _exact copy_ of the original, -the proofs having been carefully collated with a copy of the work -belonging to the Library of Harvard College. - -BOSTON, _June 15, 1865_. - - - - - AN - - ACCOUNT - - OF TWO - - VOYAGES - - TO - - NEW-ENGLAND. - - - Wherein you have the setting out of a Ship, With the charges; The - prices of all necessaries for furnishing a Planter & his Family - at his first coming; A Description of the Country, Natives and - Creatures; The Government of the Countrey as it is now possessed - by the _English_, &c. A large Chronological Table of the most - remarkable passages from the first discovering of the Continent - of _America_, to the year 1673. - - By _John Josselyn_ Gent. - - The Second Addition. - - Memner. distich rendred English by Dr. _Heylin_. - - _Heart, take thine ease, - Men hard to please - Thou haply might’st offend, - Though one speak ill - Of thee, some will - Say better; there’s an end._ - - _London_ Printed for _G. Widdowes_ at the _Green Dragon_ in St. - _Pauls_ Church-yard, 1675. - - - - - _LICENSED_ - - BY - - Roger L’estrange, - - - _Novemb._ the - 28. 1673. - - - - - TO THE - - RIGHT HONOURABLE, - - AND - - MOST ILLUSTRIOUS - - THE - - President & Fellows - - OF THE - - ROYAL SOCIETY: - - The following Account of Two - - VOYAGES - - TO - - New-England, - - Is Most Humbly presented - - By the Authour - - _John Josselyn_. - - - - - [Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - - A - - RELATION - - OF TWO - - VOYAGES - - TO - - New-England. - - - - -_The first Voyage._ - - -_Anno Dom._ 1638. _April_ the 26th being _Thursday_, I came -to _Gravesend_ and went aboard the _New Supply_, _alias_, the -_Nicholas of London_, a Ship of good force, of 300 Tuns burden, -carrying 20 Sacre and Minion, man’d with 48 Sailers, the Master -_Robert Taylor_, the Merchant or undertaker Mr. _Edward Tinge_, -with 164 Passengers men, women and children. - -[p. 2.] At _Gravesend_ I began my Journal, from whence we departed -on the 26. of _April_, about Six of the clock at night, and went -down into the _Hope_. - -The 27. being _Fryday_, we set sail out of the _Hope_, and about -Nine of the clock at night we came to an Anchor in _Margaret_-Road -in three fathom and a half water: by the way we past a States man -of war, of 500 Tun, cast away a month before upon the _Goodwin_, -nothing remaining visible above water but her main mast top, 16 of -her men were drowned, the rest saved by Fishermen. - -The 28. we twined into the Downs, where Captain _Clark_ one of His -Majesties Captains in the Navy, came aboard of us in the afternoon, -and prest two of our Trumpeters. Here we had good store of -Flounders from the Fishermen, new taken out of the Sea and living, -which being readily gutted, were fry’d while they were warm; me -thoughts I never tasted of a delicater Fish in all my life before. - -The Third of _May_ being _Ascension_ day, in the afternoon we -weighed out of the _Downs_, the wind at _E._ and ran down into -_Dover_ Road, and lay by the lee, whilst they sent the Skiffe -ashore for one of the Masters mates: by the way we past _Sandwich_ -in the [p. 3.] _Hope_, _Sandown-Castle_, _Deal_; So we steered -away for _Doniesse_, from thence we steered _S. W. ½S._ for the -_Beachie_, about one of the clock at night the wind took us a -stayes with a gust, rain, thunder and lightning, and now a Servant -of one of the passengers sickned of the small pox. - -The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored, the _Isle_ of _Wight_ -_W. N. W._ 10 leagues off, _Beachie_ _E. N. E._ 8 leagues off, -rode in 32 fathom water at low water, at 8 of the clock at night -the land over the Needles bore _N. W._ 4 leagues off, we steered -_W._ afore the Start, at noon the Boult was _N. W._ by _W._ about -3½ leagues off, we were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the -morning, till 12 of the clock at noon, where we took good store of -_Whitings_, and half a score _Gurnets_, this afternoon an infinite -number of _Porpisces_ shewed themselves above water round about -the Ship, as far as we could kenn, the night proved tempestuous -with much lightning and thunder. - -The Sixth day being _Sunday_, at five of the clock at night the -_Lizard_ was _N. W._ by _W._ 6 leagues off, and the _Blackhead_ -which is to the westward of _Falmouth_ was _N. W._ about 5 leagues -off. - -The Seventh day the uttermost part of _Silly_ was _N. E._ 12 -leagues off, and now we began to sail by the logg. - -[p. 4.] The Eighth day, one _Boremans_ man a passenger was duck’d -at the main yards arm (for being drunk with his Masters strong -waters which he stole) thrice, and fire given to two whole Sacree, -at that instant. Two mighty Whales we now saw, the one spouted -water through two great holes in her head into the Air a great -height, and making a great noise with puffing and blowing, the -Seamen called her a Soufler; the other was further off, about -a league from the Ship, fighting with the Sword-fish, and the -Flail-fish, whose stroakes with a fin that growes upon her back -like a flail, upon the back of the Whale, we heard with amazement: -when presently some more than half as far again we spied a spout -from above, it came pouring down like a River of water; So that -if they should light in any Ship, she were in danger to presently -sunk down into the Sea, and falleth with such an extream violence -all whole together as one drop, or as water out of a Vessel, and -dured a quarter of an hour, making the Sea to boyle like a pot, -and if any Vessel be near, it sucks it in. I saw many of these -spouts afterwards at nearer distance. In the afternoon the Mariners -struck a Porpisce, called also a _Marsovius_ or Sea-hogg, with an -harping Iron, and hoisted her aboard, [p. 5.] they cut some of it -into thin pieces, and fryed, it tasts like rusty Bacon, or hung -Beef, if not worse; but the Liver boiled and soused sometime in -Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat. About 8 of the clock at -night, a flame settled upon the main mast, it was about the bigness -of a great Candle, and is called by our Seamen St. _Elmes_ fire, -it comes before a storm, and is commonly thought to be a Spirit; -if two appear they prognosticate safety: These are known to the -learned by the names of _Castor_ and _Pollux_, to the _Italians_ by -St. _Nicholas_ and St. _Hermes_, by the _Spaniards_ called _Corpos -Santos_. - -The Ninth day, about two of the clock in the afternoon, we found -the head of our main mast close to the cap twisted and shivered, -and we presently after found the fore-top-mast crackt a little -above the cap; So they wolled them both, and about two of the clock -in the morning 7 new long Boat oars brake away from our Starboard -quarter with a horrid crack. - -The Eleventh day, they observed and made the Ship to be in latitude -48 degrees 46 minuts, having a great Sea all night; about 6 of -the clock in the morning we spake with Mr. _Rupe_ in a Ship of -_Dartmouth_, which came from _Marcelloes_; and now is _Silly_ _N. -E._ by _E._ 34 leagues off; [p. 6.] about 9 of the clock at night -we sounded, and had 85 fathom water, small brownish pepperie sand, -with a small piece of _Hakes_ Tooth, and now we are 45 leagues off -the _Lizard_, great Seas all night, and now we see to the _S. W._ -six tall Ships, the wind being _S. W._ - -The Twelfth day being _Whitsunday_, at prayer-time we found the -Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern, and also the partie that -was sick of the small pox now dyed, whom we buried in the Sea, -tying a bullet (as the manner is) to his neck, and another to his -leggs, turned him out at a Port-hole, giving fire to a great Gun. -In the afternoon one _Martin Ivy_ a stripling, servant to Captain -_Thomas Cammock_ was whipt naked at the Cap-stern, with a Cat with -Nine tails, for filching 9 great Lemmons out of the _Chirurgeons_ -Cabbin, which he eat rinds and all in less than an hours time. - -The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke, a great one, and hoisted him -aboard with his two Companions (for there is never a Sharke, but -hath a mate or two) that is the Pilot-fish or Pilgrim, which lay -upon his back close to a long finn; the other fish (somewhat bigger -than the Pilot) about two foot long, called a _Remora_, it hath -no scales and sticks close to the Sharkes belly. [p. 7.] So the -Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon, a small fish for his mate, marching -before him, and guiding him; which I have seen likewise. The Seamen -divided the Sharke into quarters, and made more quarter about it -than the Purser, when he makes five quarters of an Oxe, and after -they had cooked him, he proved very rough Grain’d not worthy -of wholesome preferment; but in the afternoon we took store of -_Bonitoes_, or Spanish _Dolphins_, a fish about the size of a large -Mackarel, beautified with admirable varietie of glittering colours -in the water, and was excellent food. - -The Fourteenth day we spake with a _Plimouth_ man (about dinner -time) bound for _New-found-land_, who having gone up west-ward -sprang a leak, and now bore back for _Plimouth_. Now was _Silly_ -50 leagues off, and now many of the passengers fall sick of the -small Pox and Calenture. - -The Sixteenth Mr. _Clarke_, who came out of the _Downs_ with us, -and was bound for the Isle of _Providence_, one of the summer -Islands; the _Spaniards_ having taken it a little before, though -unknown to _Clarke_, and to Captain _Nathaniel Butler_ going -Governour, they departed from us the Wind _N. W._ great Seas and -stormie winds all night. - -[p. 8.] The Seventeenth day, the wind at _N. W._ about 8 of the -clock we saw 5 great Ships bound for the _Channel_, which was to -the Westward of us, about two leagues off, we thought them to be -_Flemmings_; here we expected to have met with Pirates, but were -happily deceived. - -The One and twentieth day, the wind _S._ by _W._ great Seas and -Wind, in’d our courses, and tryed from 5 of the clock afternoon, -till 4 in the morning, the night being very stormie and dark; we -lost Mr. _Goodlad_ and his Ship, who came out with us, and bound -for _Boston_ in _New-England_. - -The Eight and twentieth day, all this while a very great grown Sea -and mighty winds. - -_June_ the first day in the afternoon, very thick foggie weather, -we sailed by an inchanted Island, saw a great deal of filth and -rubbish floating by the Ship, heard _Cawdimawdies_, _Sea-gulls_ -and _Crowes_, (Birds that always frequent the shoar) but could see -nothing by reason of the mist: towards Sunset, when we were past -the Island, it cleared up. - -The Fourteenth day of _June_, very foggie weather, we sailed by -an Island of Ice (which lay on the Star-board side) three leagues -in length mountain high, in form of [p. 9.] land, with Bayes and -Capes like high clift land, and a River pouring off it into the -Sea. We saw likewise two or three Foxes, or Devils skipping upon -it. These Islands of Ice are congealed in the North, and brought -down in the spring-time with the Current to the banks on this side -_New-found-land_, and there stopt, where they dissolve at last -to water; by that time we had sailed half way by it, we met with -a _French_ Pickeroon. Here it was as cold as in the middle of -_January_ in _England_, and so continued till we were some leagues -beyond it. - -The Sixteenth day we sounded, and found 35 fathom water, upon the -bank of _New-found-land_, we cast out our hooks for Cod-fish, -thick foggie weather, the Codd being taken on a Sunday morning, -the Sectaries aboard threw those their servants took into the Sea -again, although they wanted fresh victuals, but the Sailers were -not so nice, amongst many that were taken, we had some that were -wasted Fish, & it is observable and very strange, that fishes -bodies do grow slender with age, their Tails and Heads retaining -their former bigness; Fish of all Creatures have generally the -biggest heads, and the first part that begins to taint in a fish is -the head. - -The Nineteenth day, Captain _Thomas Cammock_ [p. 10.] (a near -kinsman of the Earl of _Warwicks_) now had another lad _Thomas -Jones_, that dyed of the small pox at eight of the clock at night. - -The Twentieth day, we saw a great number of Sea-bats, or Owles, -called also flying fish, they are about the bigness of a Whiting, -with four tinsel wings, with which they fly as long as they are -wet, when pursued by other fishes. Here likewise we saw many -Grandpisces or Herring-hogs, hunting the scholes of Herrings, in -the afternoon we saw a great fish called the _vehuella_ or Sword -fish, having a long, strong and sharp finn like a Sword-blade on -the top of his head, with which he pierced our Ship, and broke -it off with striving to get loose, one of our Sailers dived and -brought it aboard. - -The One and twentieth day, we met with two _Bristow_ men bound for -_New-England_, and now we are 100 and 75 leagues off _Cape-Sable_, -the sandy _Cape_, for so _Sable_ in French signifieth, off of which -lyeth the Isle of _Sable_, which is beyond _New-found-land_, where -they take the _Amphibious_ Creature, the _Walrus_, _Mors_, or -_Sea-Horse_. - -The Two and twentieth, another passenger dyed of a Consumption. Now -we passed by the Southern part of _New-found-land_, [p. 11.] within -sight of it; the Southern part of _New-found-land_ is said to be -not above 600 leagues from _England_. - -The Six and twentieth day, Capt. _Thomas Cammock_ went aboard of a -Barke of 300 Tuns, laden with Island Wine, and but 7 men in her, -and never a Gun, bound for _Richmonds_ Island, set out by Mr. -_Trelaney_, of _Plimouth_, exceeding hot weather now. - -The Eight and twentieth, one of Mr. _Edward Ting’s_ the undertakers -men now dyed of the Phthisick. - -The Nine and twentieth day, sounded at night, and found 120 -fathome water, the head of the Ship struck against a rock; At 4 -of the clock we descryed two sail bound for _New-found-land_, and -so for the _Streights_, they told us of a general Earth-quake -in _New-England_, of the Birth of a Monster at _Boston_, in the -_Massachusets-Bay_ a mortality, and now we are two leagues off -_Cape Ann_. - -The Thirtieth day proved stormie, and having lost the sight of the -Land, we saw none untill the morning; doubtfully discovering the -Coast, fearing the Lee-shore all night we bore out to Sea. - -_July_ the first day, we sounded at 8 of the clock at night, and -found 93 fathome water, descried land. - -The Third day, we Anchored in the _Bay_ of [p. 12.] _Massachusets_ -before _Boston_. Mr. _Tinges_ other man now dyed of the small pox. - -The Tenth day, I went a shore upon _Noddles Island_ to Mr. _Samuel -Maverick_ (for my passage) the only hospitable man in all the -Countrey, giving entertainment to all Comers _gratis_. - -Now before I proceed any further, it will not be Impertinent to -give the intending planter some Instructions for the furnishing of -himself with things necessary, and for undertaking the Transport of -his Family, or any others. - -To which end observe, that a Ship of 150 Tuns, with 2 Decks and -a half, and 26 men, with 12 pieces of Ordnance, the charge will -amount _per_ moneth, with the Mariners, to 120 pound _per_ moneth. -It is better to let the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the -Mariners, and their pay for Wages, and the Transporter only to take -care of the passengers. - - -_The common proportion of Victuals for the Sea to a Mess, being 4 -men, is as followeth_; - - Two pieces of Beef, of 3 pound and ¼ _per_ piece. - - Four pound of _Bread_. - - One pint ½ of _Pease_. - - [p. 13.] Four Gallons of _Bear_, with _Mustard_ and _Vinegar_ for - three flesh dayes in the week. - - -For four fish dayes, to each mess _per_ day. - - Two pieces of _Codd_ or _Habberdine_, making three pieces of a - fish. - - One quarter of a pound of _Butter_. - - Four pound of _Bread_. - - Three quarters of a pound of _Cheese_. - - _Bear_ as before. - -_Oatmeal per_ day, for 50 men, Gallon 1. and so proportionable -for more or fewer. - -Thus you see the Ships provision, is _Beef_ or _Porke_, _Fish_, -_Butter_, _Cheese_, _Pease_, _Pottage_, _Water-gruel_, _Bisket_, -and six shilling _Bear_. - -For private fresh provision, you may carry with you (in case you, -or any of yours should be sick at Sea) Conserves of _Roses_, -_Clove-Gilliflowers_, _Wormwood_, _Green-Ginger_, _Burnt-Wine_, -English _Spirits_, _Prunes_ to stew, _Raisons_ of the _Sun_, -_Currence_, _Sugar_, _Nutmeg_, _Mace_, _Cinnamon_, _Pepper_ and -_Ginger_, White _Bisket_, or _Spanish rusk_, _Eggs_, _Rice_, _juice -of Lemmons_ well put up to cure, or prevent the Scurvy. Small -_Skillets_, _Pipkins_, _Porrengers_, and small _Frying pans_. - -To prevent or take away Sea sickness, Conserve of _Wormwood_ is -very proper, but these following Troches I prefer before it. - -First make paste of _Sugar_ and _Gum-Dragagant_ mixed together, -then mix therewith [p. 14.] a reasonable quantitie of the powder of -_Cinnamon_ and _Ginger_, and if you please a little _Musk_ also, -and make it up into Roules of several fashions, which you may gild, -of this when you are troubled in your Stomach, take and eat a -quantity according to discretion. - - -_Apparel for one man, and after the rate for more._ - - _l._ _s._ _d._ - One Hatt 0 3 0 - One _Monmouth_ Cap 0 1 10 - Three falling bands 0 1 3 - Three Shirts 0 7 6 - One Wastcoat 0 2 6 - One suit of Frize 0 19 0 - One suit of Cloth 0 15 0 - One suit of Canvas 0 7 6 - Three pair of _Irish_ Stockins 0 5 0 - Four pair of Shoos 0 8 0 - One pair of Canvas Sheets 0 8 0 - Seven ells of course Canvas to make a bed at } - Sea for two men, to be filled with straw } 0 5 0 - One course Rug at Sea for two men 0 6 0 - -------------- - _Sum Total._ 4 0 0 - -------------- - - -[p. 15] _Victuals for a whole year to be carried out of_ England -_for one man, and so for more after the rate_. - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - Eight bushels of _Meal_ 2 0 0 - Two bushels of _Pease_ at three shillings a bushel 0 6 0 - Two bushels of _Oatmeal_, at four and six pence } - the bushel } 0 9 0 - One Gallon of _Aqua vitæ_ 0 2 6 - One Gallon of _Oyl_ 0 3 6 - Two Gallons of _Vinegar_ 0 2 0 - - -Note. - -Of _Sugar_ and _Spice_, 8 pound make the stone, 13 stone and an -half, _i. e._ 100 pound maketh the hundred, but your best way is to -buy your _Sugar_ there, for it is cheapest, but for Spice you must -carry it over with you. - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - A Hogshead of _English_ Beef will cost 5 0 0 - A Hogshead of _Irish_ Beef will cost 2 10 0 - A Barrel of _Oatmeal_ 0 13 0 - A Hogshead of _Aqua vitæ_ will cost 4 0 0 - A Hogshead of _Vinegar_ 1 0 0 - A bushel of _Mustard-seed_ 0 6 0 - -[p. 16.] A _Kental_ of fish, Cod or Habberdine is 112 pound, will -cost if it be merchantable fish, Two or three and thirty Rials a -_Kental_, if it be refuse you may have it for 10 or 11 shillings a -_Kental_. - - -_Wooden Ware._ - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - A pair of Bellowes 0 2 0 - A Skoope 0 0 9 - A pair of Wheels for a Cart, if you buy them } - in the Countrey, they will cost 3 or 4 pound } 0 14 0 - Wheelbarrow you may have there, in } - _England_ they cost } 0 6 0 - A great pail in _England_ will cost 0 0 10 - A Boat called a Canow, will cost in the Countrey } - (with a pair of Paddles) if it be a good one } 3 0 0 - A short Oake ladder in _England_ will cost but 0 0 10 - A Plough 0 3 9 - An Axletree 0 0 8 - A Cart 0 10 0 - For a casting shovel 0 0 10 - For a shovel 0 0 6 - For a Sack 0 2 4 - For a Lanthorn 0 1 3 - -_For Tobacco pipes short steels, and great bouls_ 14 _pence and_ 16 -_pence the grose._ - - [p. 17.] - For clipping an hundred sheep in } - _England_ } 0 4 6 - For winding the Wool 0 0 8 - For washing them 0 2 0 - For one Garnish of Peuter 2 0 0 - - -_Prizes of Iron Ware_. - - -_Arms for one man, but if half of your men have Armour it is -sufficient so that all have pieces and swords._ - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - One Armour compleat, light 0 17 0 - One long piece five foot, or five and a half } - near Musket bore } 1 2 0 - One Sword 0 5 0 - One Bandaleer 0 1 6 - One Belt 0 1 0 - Twenty pound of powder 0 18 0 - Sixty pound of shot or lead, pistol and Goose } - shot } 0 5 0 - -_Tools for a Family of Six persons, and so after the rate for more._ - - Five broad howes at two shillings a piece 0 10 0 - Five narrow howes at 16 pence a piece 0 6 8 - [p. 18.] Five felling Axes at 18 pence a piece 0 7 6 - Two steel hand-sawes at 16 pence the piece 0 2 8 - Two hand-sawes at 5 shillings a piece 0 10 0 - One whip saw, set and filed with box 0 10 0 - A file and wrest 0 0 10 - Two Hammers 12 pence a piece 0 2 0 - Three shovels 18 pence a piece shod 0 4 6 - Two spades 18 pence a piece 0 3 0 - Two Augars 0 1 0 - Two broad Axes at 3 shillings 8 pence a piece 0 7 4 - Six Chissels 0 3 0 - Three Gimblets 0 0 6 - Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece 0 3 6 - Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece 0 3 0 - Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece 0 3 4 - Nails of all sorts to be valued 2 0 0 - Two pick-Axes 0 3 0 - Three Locks, and 3 pair of Fetters 0 5 10 - Two Currie Combs 0 0 11 - For a Brand to brand Beasts with 0 0 6 - For a Chain and lock for a Boat 0 2 2 - For a Coulter weighing 10 pound 0 3 4 - For a Hand-vise 0 2 6 - [p. 19.] For a Pitch-fork 0 1 4 - For one hundred weight of Spikes 2 5 0 - Nails and pins 120, to the hundred - For a share 0 2 11 - -_Houshould Implements for a Family of six persons, and so for more -or less after the rate._ - - One Iron Pot 0 7 0 - For one great Copper Kettle 2 0 0 - For a small Kettle 0 10 0 - For a lesser Kettle 0 6 0 - For one large Frying-pan 0 2 6 - For a small Frying-pan 0 1 8 - For a brass Morter 0 3 0 - For a Spit 0 2 0 - For one Grid-Iron 0 10 0 - For two Skillets 0 5 0 - Platters, dishes, & spoons of wood 0 4 0 - For Sugar, Spice, and fruits at Sea for six men 0 12 10 - _The fraught will be for one man half a Tun._ - - -Having refreshed my self for a day or two upon _Noddles-Island_, I -crossed the Bay in a small Boat to _Boston_, which then was rather -a Village, than a Town, there being not [p. 20.] above Twenty or -thirty houses; and presenting my respects to Mr. _Winthorpe_ the -Governour, and to Mr. _Cotton_ the Teacher of _Boston_ Church, -to whom I delivered from Mr. _Francis Quarles_ the poet, the -Translation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Psalms into -_English_ Meeter, for his approbation, being civilly treated by all -I had occasion to converse with, I returned in the Evening to my -lodging. - -The Twelfth day of _July_, after I had taken my leave of Mr. -_Maverick_, and some other Gentlemen, I took Boat for the Eastern -parts of the Countrie, and arrived at _Black point_ in the Province -of _Main_, which is 150 miles from _Boston_, the Fourteenth day, -which makes my voyage 11 weeks and odd dayes. - -The Countrey all along as I sailed, being no other than a meer -Wilderness, here and there by the Sea-side a few scattered -plantations, with as few houses. - -About the Tenth of _August_, I hapned to walk into the Woods, -not far from the Sea-side, and falling upon a piece of ground -over-grown with bushes, called there black Currence, but differing -from our Garden Currence, they being ripe and hanging in lovely -bunches; I set up my piece against a stately Oake, with a -resolution to fill my [p. 21.] belly, being near half a mile from -the house; of a sudden I heard a hollow thumping noise upon the -Rocks approaching towards me, which made me presently to recover -my piece, which I had no sooner cock’d, than a great and grim -over-grown she-Wolf appears, at whom I shot, and finding her -Gor-belly stuft with flesh newly taken in, I began presently to -suspect that she had fallen foul upon our Goats, which were then -valued (our she Goats) at Five pound a Goat; Therefore to make -further discovery, I descended (it being low water) upon the Sea -sands, with an intent to walk round about a neck of land where the -Goats usually kept. I had not gone far before I found the footing -of two Wolves, and one Goat betwixt them, whom they had driven into -a hollow, betwixt two Rocks, hither I followed their footing, and -perceiving by the Crowes, that there was the place of slaughter, I -hung my piece upon my back, and upon all four clambered up to the -top of the Rock, where I made ready my piece and shot at the dog -Wolf, who was feeding upon the remainder of the Goat, which was -only the fore shoulders, head and horns, the rest being devoured -by the she-Wolf, even to the very hair of the Goat: and it is very -observable, that when [p. 22.] the Wolves have kill’d a Beast, or a -Hog, not a Dog-Wolf amongst them offers to eat any of it, till the -she-Wolves have filled their paunches. - -The Twenty fourth of _September_, being Munday about 4 of the clock -in the afternoon, a fearful storm of wind began to rage, called a -_Hurricane_. _It is an impetuous wind that goes commonly about the -Compass in the space of_ 24 _hours, it began from the_ W. N. W. and -continued till next morning, the greatest mischief it did us, was -the wracking of our Shallop, and the blowing down of many tall -Trees, in some places a mile together. - -_December_ the Tenth, happened an Eclipse of the Moon at 8 of the -clock at night, it continued till after 11, as near as we could -guess; in old _England_ it began after midnight, and continued till -4 of _the clock in the morning; if Seamen would make observation -of the time, either of the beginning or ending of the Eclipse, -or total darkness of Sun and Moon in all places where they shall -happen to be, and confer their observations to some Artist, hereby -the longitude of all places might be certainly known, which are now -very uncertainly reported to us_. - -1639. _May_, which fell out to be extream hot and foggie, about the -middle of _May_, I [p. 23.] kill’d within a stones throw of our -house, above four score Snakes, some of them as big as the small of -my leg, black of colour, and three yards long, with a sharp horn on -the tip of their tail two inches in length. - -_June_ the Six and twentieth day, very stormie, Lightning -and Thunder. I heard now two of the greatest and fearfullest -thunder-claps that ever were heard, I am confident. At this time we -had some neighbouring Gentlemen in our house, who came to welcome -me into the Countrey; where amongst variety of discourse they told -me of a young Lyon (not long before) kill’d at _Piscataway_ by an -_Indian_; of a Sea-_Serpent_ or _Snake_, that lay quoiled up like a -Cable upon a Rock at _Cape-Ann_: a Boat passing by with _English_ -aboard, and two _Indians_, they would have shot the _Serpent_ but -the _Indians_ disswaded them, saying, that if he were not kill’d -out-right, they would be all in danger of their lives. - -One Mr. _Mittin_ related of a _Triton_ or _Mereman_ which he saw -in _Cascobay_, the Gentleman was a great Fouler, and used to goe -out with a small Boat or Canow, and fetching a compass about a -small Island, (there being many small Islands in the Bay) for the -advantage of a shot, was encountred [p. 24.] with a _Triton_, who -laying his hands upon the side of the Canow, had one of them chopt -off with a Hatchet by Mr. _Mittin_, which was in all respects like -the hand of a man, the _Triton_ presently sunk, dying the water -with his purple blood, and was no more seen. The next story was -told by Mr. _Foxwell_, now living in the province of _Main_, who -having been to the Eastward in a Shallop, as far as _Cape-Ann_ a -Waggon in his return was overtaken by the night, and fearing to -land upon the barbarous shore, he put off a little further to Sea; -about midnight they were wakened with a loud voice from the shore, -calling upon _Foxwell_, _Foxwell_ come a shore, two or three times: -upon the Sands they saw a great fire, and Men and Women hand in -hand dancing round about it in a ring, after an hour or two they -vanished, and as soon as the day appeared, _Foxwell_ puts into a -small _Cove_, it being about three quarters floud, and traces along -the shore, where he found the footing of Men, Women and Children -shod with shoes; and an infinite number of brands-ends thrown up by -the water, but neither _Indian_ nor _English_ could he meet with -on the shore, nor in the woods; these with many other stories they -told me, the credit whereof I will neither impeach nor inforce, but -shall [p. 25.] satisfie my self, and I hope the Reader hereof, with -the saying of a wise, learned and honourable Knight, _that there -are many Stranger things in the world, than are to be seen between_ -London _and_ Stanes. - -_September_ the Sixth day, one Mr. _John Hickford_ the Son of -Mr. _Hickford_ a Linnen-Draper in _Cheapside_, having been some -time in the province of _Main_, and now determined to return for -_England_, sold and kill’d his stock of Cattle and Hoggs, one -great Sow he had which he made great account of, but being very -fat, and not suspecting that she was with pig, he caused her to be -kill’d, and they found 25 pigs within her belly; verifying the old -proverb, As fruitful as a white sow. And now we were told of a sow -in _Virginia_ that brought forth six pigs; their fore-parts Lyons, -their hinder-parts hogs. _I have read that at_ Bruxels, Anno 1564. -_a sow brought forth six pigs, the first whereof (for the last in -generating is always in bruit beasts the first brought forth) had -the head, face, arms and legs of a man, but the whole trunck of the -body from the neck, was of a swine, a sodomitical monster is more -like the mother than the father in the organs of the vegetative -soul._ - -The Three and twentieth, I left _Black-point_, and came to -_Richmonds_ Island about [p. 26.] three leagues to the Eastward, -where Mr. _Tralanie_ kept a fishing, Mr. _John Winter_ a grave and -discreet man was his Agent, and imployer of 60 men upon that design. - -The Four and twentieth day being _Munday_, I went aboard the -_Fellowship_ of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemish bottom, the Master -_George Luxon_ of _Bittiford_ in _Devonshire_, several of my -friends came to bid me farewell, among the rest Captain _Thomas -Wannerton_ who drank to me a pint of kill-devil _alias_ Rhum at a -draught, at 6 of the clock in the morning we weighed Anchor, and -set sail for the _Massachusets-bay_. - -The Seven and twentieth day being _Fryday_, we Anchored in the -afternoon in the _Massachusets-bay_ before _Boston_. Next day I -went aboard of _Mr. Hinderson_, Master of a ship of 500 Tuns, -and Captain _Jackson_ in the Queen of _Bohemia_ a privateer, -and from thence I went ashore to _Boston_, where I refreshed my -self at an Ordinary. Next morning I was invited to a fisherman’s -house somewhat lower within the _Bay_, and was there by his Wife -presented with a handful of small Pearl, but none of them bored nor -orient. From thence I crost the Bay to _Charles-town_, where at one -_Longs_ Ordinary I met with Captain _Jackson_ and others, walking -on the back side we spied a rattle [p. 27.] Snake a yard and half -long, and as thick in the middle as the small of a mans leg, on -the belly yellow, her back spotted with black, russet, yellow and -green, placed like scales, at her tail she had a rattle which is -nothing but a hollow shelly buffiness joynted, look how many years -old she is, so many rattles she hath in her tail, her neck seemed -to be no bigger than ones Thumb; yet she swallowed a live Chicken, -as big as one they give 4 pence for in _England_, presently as we -were looking on. In the afternoon I returned to our Ship, being no -sooner aboard but we had the sight of an _Indian_-Pinnace sailing -by us made of _Birch-bark_, sewed together with the roots of spruse -and white _Cedar_ (drawn out into threads) with a deck, and trimmed -with sails top and top gallant very sumptuously. - -The Thirtieth day of _September_, I went ashore upon -_Noddles_-Island, where when I was come to Mr. _Mavericks_ he would -not let me go aboard no more, until the Ship was ready to set sail; -the next day a grave and sober person described the Monster to -me, that was born at _Boston_ of one Mrs. _Dyer_ a great Sectarie, -_the Nine and twentieth of_ June, _it was (it should seem) without -a head, but having horns like a Beast, and ears, scales on a rough -skin like a fish_ [p. 28.] _called a_ Thornback, _legs and claws -like a_ Hawke, _and in other respects as a Woman-child_. - -The Second of _October_, about 9 of the clock in the morning, Mr. -_Mavericks_ Negro woman came to my chamber window, and in her own -Countrey language and tune sang very loud and shril, going out to -her, she used a great deal of respect towards me, and willingly -would have expressed her grief in _English_; but I apprehended -it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I repaired to my -host, to learn of him the cause, and resolved to intreat him in her -behalf, for that I understood before, that she had been a Queen in -her own Countrey, and observed a very humble and dutiful garb used -towards her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. _Maverick_ was -desirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore seeing she would -not yield by perswasions to company with a Negro young man he had -in his house; he commanded him will’d she nill’d she to go to bed -to her, which was no sooner done but she kickt him out again, this -she took in high disdain beyond her slavery, and this was the cause -of her grief. In the afternoon I walked into the Woods on the back -side of the house, and happening into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk -(which was a sledgway) I wandered till I chanc’t to spye a fruit -as I thought like a pine Apple plated with scales, it was as big -as the crown of a Womans hat; I made bold to step unto it, with -an intent to have gathered it, no sooner had I toucht it, but -hundreds of Wasps were about me; at last I cleared my self from -them, being stung only by one upon the upper lip, glad I was that -I scaped so well; But by that time I was come into the house my -lip was swell’d so extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my -Garments. - -The Tenth of _October_, I went aboard and we fell down to -_Nantascot_, here Mr. _Davies_ (Mr. _Hicks_ the Apothecarie in -_Fleet-streets_ Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthisick aboard on a -Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr. _Luxon_ our Master having -been ashore upon the Governours Island gave me half a score very -fair Pippins which he brought from thence, there being not one -Apple-tree, nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but -upon that Island. - -The Fifteenth day, we set sail from _Nantascot_. - -The Sixteenth day Mr. _Robert Foster_, one of our passengers -Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 113 Psalm; _The Lord shall -preserve thy going out, & thy coming in_; The Sectaries began to -quarrel with him, especially Mr. _Vincent Potter_, he who was -afterwards questioned for a Regicide. - -The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-set a Lanner settled upon our main -Mast-top, when it was dark I hired one of the Sailers to fetch her -down, and I brought her into _England_ with much ado, being fain to -feed her with hard Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather -at Sea, our deck in a morning ore-spread with hoarie frost, and -dangling Isickles hung upon the Ropes. _Some say the Sea is hotter -in winter, than in summer; but I did not find it so._ - -_November_ the Fifth day, about three of the clock in the -afternoon, the Mariners observed the rising of a little black cloud -in the _N. W._ which increasing apace, made them prepare against a -coming storm, the wind in short time grew to boisterous, bringing -after us a huge grown Sea, at 5 of the clock it was pitchie dark. - - _And the bitter storm augments; the wild winds wage_ - - _War from all parts; and joyn with the Seas rage._ - - [p. 31.] _The sad clouds sink in showers; you would have thought,_ - - _That high-swoln-seas even unto Heaven had wrought;_ - - _And Heaven to Seas defended: no star shown;_ - - _Blind night in darkness, tempests, and her own_ - - _Dread terrours lost; yet this dire lightning turns_ - - _To more fear’d light; the Sea with lightning Burns._ - - _The Pilot knew not what to chuse or fly,_ - - _Art stood amaz’d in Ambiguity._ - -The storm augmenting still, the next day about 4 of the clock -afternoon we lost our Rudder, and with that our hopes, so necessary -a part it is, that a ship without it, is like a wild horse without -a bridle; yet _Aristotle_ that _Eagle_-ey’d _Philosopher could not -give a reason, why so small a thing as a Helm should rule the ship_. - -[p. 32.] The Seventh day at night, the wind began to dye away, the -next day we had leasure to repair our breaches; it continued calm -till the 13 day, and all the while we saw many dead bodies of men -and women floating by us. - -The Four and twentieth, we arrived before _Bittiford_, having past -before under _Lundee_-Island. - - - - -The Second - -VOYAGE. - - -I have heard of a certain Merchant in the west of _England_, who -after many great losses, walking upon the Sea-bank in a calm -Sun-shining day; observing the smoothness of the Sea, coming in -with a chequered or dimpled wave: Ah (quoth he) thou flattering -Element, many a time hast thou inticed me to throw my self and my -fortunes into thy Arms; but thou hast hitherto proved treacherous; -thinking to find thee a Mother of encrease, I have found thee -to be the Mother of mischief and wickedness; yea the Father of -prodigies; therefore, being now secure, I will trust thee no more: -But mark this mans resolution a while after, _periculum maris -spes lucri superat_. So fared it with me, that having escaped the -dangers of one Voyage, must needs put on a resolution for a second, -wherein I plowed many a churlish billow [p. 34.] with little or -no advantage, but rather to my loss and detriment. In the setting -down, whereof I purpose not to insist in a methodical way, but -according to my quality, in a plain and brief relation as I have -done already; for I perceive, if I used all the Art that possibly -I could, it would be difficult to please all, for all mens eyes, -ears, faith, judgement, are not of a size. There be a sort of -stagnant stinking spirits, who, like flyes, lye sucking at the -botches of carnal pleasures, and never travelled so much Sea, as -is between _Heth-ferry_, and _Lyon-Key_; yet notwithstanding, -(sitting in the Chair of the scornful over their whists and -draughts of intoxication) will desperately censure the relations -of the greatest Travellers. It was a good _proviso_ of a learned -man, never to report wonders, for in so doing, of the greatest he -will be sure not to be believed, but laughed at, which certainly -bewraies their ignorance and want of discretion. Of Fools and -Madmen then I shall take no care, I will not invite these in the -least to honour me with a glance from their supercilious eyes; but -rather advise them to keep their inspection for their fine-tongu’d -Romances, and playes. This homely piece, I protest ingenuously, -is prepared for such only who well know how to make use of their -[p. 35.] charitable constructions towards works of this nature, to -whom I submit my self in all my faculties, and proceed in my second -voyage. - -_Anno 1663._ _May_ the Three and twentieth, I went down to -_Gravesend_, it being _Saturday_ I lay ashore till _Monday_ the -fifth, about 11 a clock at night, I went aboard the _Society_ -belonging to _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_ a Colony of _English_ -in _New-England_, of 200 and 20 Tun, carrying 16 Iron Guns most -unserviceable, man’d with 33 sailers, and 77 passengers, men, women -and children. - -The Six and twentieth day, about 6 of the clock in the morning we -weighed Anchor, and fell down with the tide three or four miles -below _Gravesend_. - -The Seven and twentieth in the afternoon, we weighed Anchor and -came into the _Hope_ before _Deal-Castle_, here we were wind bound -till - -The 30 day, we set sail out of the _Downs_, being _Saturday_ -about 9 of the clock in the morning, about 4 of the clock in the -afternoon we came up with _Beachy_ by _W._ at _Nore_. - -The One and thirtieth at 4 of the clock in the morning we came -up with the Isle of _Wight_, at 4 of the clock in the afternoon -[p. 36.] we had _Portland_ N. N. W. of us, 6 leagues off, the -wind being then at _N. W. by N._ at 5 of the clock we came to -_Dartmouth_, the wind _W. S. W._ - -_June_ the first day, being _Monday_ about 4 of the clock -_Plimouth_ was about 9 leagues off, our course _W. S. W._ the Start -bore North distant about 6 leagues from whence our reckonings -began; the wind now _E. N. E._ a fair gale. - -The second day the _Lizard_ bore _N. N. W._ in the latitude 51. 300 -leagues from _Cape-Cod_ in _New England_, our course _W._ and by -_S._ One of our passengers now dyed of a Consumption. - -The Fifth day we steered _S. W._ observed and found the ship in -latitude 47 degrees, and 44 minutes. - -The Tenth day observed and found the ship in latitude 49 degrees, -and 24 minutes. - -The Five and twentieth day, about 3 of the clock in the morning we -discovered land, about 6 of the clock _Flowers_, so called from -abundance of flowers, and _Corvo_ from a multitude of _Crowes_; two -of the _Azores_ or western Islands, in the _Atlantique Ocean_ not -above 250 leagues from _Lisbon_ bore _N. W._ of us some 3 leagues -off, we steered away _W._ by _W._ observed and found _Flowers_ to -be in the Southern part in latitude 39 [p. 37.] degrees 13 minuts, -we descryed a Village and a small Church or Chappel seated in -a pleasant valley to the Easter-side of the Island, the whole -Island is rockie and mountanious about 8 miles in compass, stored -with Corn, Wine and Goats, and inhabited by outlaw’d _Portingals_, -the Town they call _Santa Cruz_. _Corvo_ is not far from this, -I supposed two or three leagues, a meer mountain, and very high -and steep on all sides, cloathed with tall wood on the very top, -uninhabited, but the _Flowreans_ here keep some number of Goats. - -The Seven and twentieth day, 30 leagues to the westward of these -Islands we met with a small Vessel stoln from _Jamaico_, but 10 -men in her, and those of several nations, _English_, _French_, -_Scotch_, _Dutch_ almost famish’d, having been out as they told us, -by reason of calms, three moneths, bound for _Holland_. - -_July_ the sixth, calm now for two or three dayes, our men went out -to swim, some hoisted the _Shallop_ out and took divers Turtles, -there being an infinite number of them all over the Sea as far as -we could ken, and a man may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles, -they floated upon the top of the water being a sleep, and driving -gently upon them with the _Shallop_, of a sudden [p. 38.] they -took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the boat, if -they be not very nimble they awake and presently dive under water; -when they were brought aboard they sob’d and wept exceedingly, -continuing to do so till the next day that we killed them, by -chopping off their heads, and having taken off their shells (that -on their back being fairest, is called a Gally patch) we opened -the body and took out three hearts in one case, and (which was -more strange) we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after -they were taken out. I have observed in _England_ in my youthful -dayes the like in the heart of a _Pike_, and the heart of a _Frog_, -which will leap and skip as nimbly as the _Frog_ used to do when -it was alive from whom it was taken. Likewise the heart of a _Pig_ -will stir after it is exenterated. Being at a friends house in -_Cambridg-shire_, the Cook-maid making ready to slaughter a _Pig_, -she put the hinder parts between her legs as the usual manner -is, and taking the snout in her left hand with a long knife she -stuck the _Pig_ and cut the small end of the heart almost in two, -letting it bleed as long as any bloud came forth, then throwing -of it into a Kettle of boyling water, the _Pig_ swom twice round -about the kettle, when taking of it out to [p. 39.] the dresser -she rub’d it with powdered _Rozen_ and stript off the hair, and -as she was cutting off the hinder pettito, the _Pig_ lifts up his -head with open mouth, as if it would have bitten: well, the belly -was cut up, and the entrails drawn out, and the heart laid upon -the board, which notwithstanding the wound it received had motion -in it, above four hours after; there were several of the Family -by, with my self, and we could not otherwayes conclude but that -the _Pig_ was bewitched; but this by the way. Of the Sea Turtles -there be five sorts, first the Trunck-turtle which is biggest, -Secondly, the Loggerhead-turtle. Thirdly, the Hawkbill-turtle, -which with its bill will bite horribly. Fourthly, the Green-turtle -which is best for food, it is affirmed that the feeding upon this -Turtle for a twelve moneth, forbearing all other kind of food will -cure absolutely Consumptions, and the great pox; They are a very -delicate food, and their Eggs are very wholesome and restorative, -it is an _Amphibious_ Creature going ashore, the male throws the -female on her back when he couples with her, which is termed -cooting, their Eggs grown to perfection the female goes ashore -again and making a hole in the Sand, there layes her Eggs which -are numerous, I have seen a peck [p. 40.] of Eggs taken out of one -Turtle; when they have laid they cover the hole again with sand, -and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs, which hatching -in the sand and coming to some strength break out and repair to the -Sea. Having fill’d our bellies with Turtles and Bonito’s, called -_Spanish_ Dolphins excellently well cooked both of them, the wind -blowing fair, - -The Eighth day we spread our sails and went on our voyage, after a -while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds called Gulf-weed coming -out of the Bay of _Mexico_, and firr-trees floating on the Sea, -observed and found the Ship to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts. - -The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three foot long, -which being drest and dished by a young Merchant a passenger -happened to be very good fish, having very white flesh in flakes -like Codd but delicately curl’d, the back-bone which is perfectly -round, joynted with short joynts, the space between not above a -quarter of an inch thick, separated they make fine Table-men, being -wrought on both sides with curious works. - -The One and twentieth thick hasie weather. - -The Five and twentieth we met with a [p. 41.] _Plimouth_ man come -from St. _Malloes_ in _France_, 10 weeks out, laden with cloath, -fruit, and honey, bound for _Boston_ in _New-England_. - -The Six and twentieth we had sight of land. - -The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at _Nantascot_, in the -afternoon I went aboard of a _Ketch_, with some other of our -passengers, in hope to get to _Boston_ that night; but the Master -of the _Ketch_ would not consent. - -The Eight and twentieth being _Tuesday_, in the morning about 5 -of the clock he lent us his _Shallop_ and three of his men, who -brought us to the western end of the town where we landed, and -having gratified the men, we repaired to an Ordinary (for so they -call their Taverns there) where we were provided with a liberal -cup of burnt Madera-wine, and store of plum-cake, about ten of the -clock I went about my Affairs. - -Before I pursue my Voyage to an end, I shall give you to -understand what Countrie _New-England_ is. _New-England_ is -that part of _America_, which together with _Virginia_, _Mary -land_, and _Nova-scotia_ were by the _Indians_ called (by one -name) _Wingadacoa_, after the discovery by Sir _Walter_ [p. 42.] -_Rawleigh_ they were named _Virginia_, and so remained untill King -_James_ divided the Countrey into Provinces. _New-England_ then is -all that tract of land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes -of 40 and 46, that is from _De-la-ware-Bay_ to _New-found-land_, -some will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King _Jame’s_ -Letters Patents to the Council of _Plimouth_ in _Devonshire_ from -40 to 48 of the same latitude, it is judged to be an Island, -surrounded on the North with the spacious River of _Canada_, on -the South with _Mahegan_ or _Hudsons_ River, having their rise, as -it is thought, from two great lakes not far off one another, the -Sea lyes East and South from the land, and is very deep, some say -that the depth of the Sea being measured with line and plummet, -seldom exceeds two or three miles, except in some places near the -_Swevian_-shores, and about _Pontus_, observed by _Pliny_. Sir -_Francis Drake_ threw out 7 Hogsheads of line near _Porto-bello_ -and found no bottom, but whether this be true or no, or that they -were deceived by the Currants carrying away their lead and line, -this is certainly true, that there is more Sea in the Western than -the Eastern _Hemisphere_, on the shore in more places than one at -spring-tides, that is at the full or new of the moon, [p. 43.] the -Sea riseth 18 foot perpendicular, the reason of this great flow of -waters I refer to the learned, onely by the way I shall acquaint -you with two reasons for the ebbing and flowing of the Sea; the one -delivered in Common conference, the other in a Sermon at _Boston_ -in the _Massachusets-Bay_ by an eminent man; The first was, _that -God and his spirit moving upon the waters caused the motion_; the -other, _that the spirit of the waters gathered the waters together; -as the spirit of Christ gathered souls_. - -The shore is Rockie, with high cliffs, having a multitude of -considerable Harbours; many of which are capacious enough for a -Navy of 500 sail, one of a thousand, the Countrie within Rockie -and mountanious, full of tall wood, one stately mountain there -is surmounting the rest, about four score mile from the Sea: The -description of it you have in my rarities of _New-England_, between -the mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as ever -eye beheld, beset on each side with variety of goodly Trees, the -grass man-high unmowed, uneaten and uselesly withering; within -these valleys are spacious lakes or ponds well stored with Fish -and Beavers; the original of all the great Rivers in the Countrie, -of which there are many with lesser [p. 44.] streams (wherein are -an infinite of fish) manifesting the goodness of the soil which -is black, red-clay, gravel, sand, loom, and very deep in some -places, as in the valleys and swamps, which are low grounds and -bottoms infinitely thick set with Trees and Bushes of all sorts for -the most part, others having no other shrub or Tree growing, but -spruse, under the shades whereof you may freely walk two or three -mile together; being goodly large Trees, and convenient for masts -and sail-yards. The whole Countrie produceth springs in abundance -replenished with excellent waters, having all the properties -ascribed to the best in the world. - - _Swift is’t in pace, light poiz’d, to look in clear, - And quick in boiling (which esteemed were) - Such qualities, as rightly understood - Withouten these no water could be good._ - -_One Spring there is, at_ Black-point _in the Province of_ Main, -_coming out of muddy clay that will colour a spade, as if hatcht -with silver, it is purgative and cures scabs and Itch_, &c. - -[Sidenote: Isa. 45. 3.] - -The mountains and Rocky Hills are richly furnished with mines of -Lead, Silver, [p. 45.] Copper, Tin, and divers sorts of minerals, -branching out even to their summits, where in small Crannies you -may meet with threds of perfect silver; yet have the _English_ -no maw to open any of them, whether out of ignorance or fear of -bringing a forraign Enemy upon them, or (like the dog in the -manger) to keep their Soveraign from partaking of the benefits, who -certainly may claim an interest in them as his due, being eminently -a gift proceeding from divine bounty to him; no person can pretend -interest in Gold, Silver, or Copper by the law of Nations, but -the Soveraign Prince; but the subjects of our King have a right to -mines discovered in their own Lands and inheritances; So as that -every tenth Tun of such Oar is to be paid to the proprietors of -such lands, and not to the state, if it be not a mine-Royal: if it -prove to be a mine-Royal, every fifth Tun of all such Oar as shall -hold Gold or Silver worth refining, is to be rendered to the King. -_The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long since concluded, that -although the Gold or Silver conteined in the base mettals of a mine -in the land of a Subject, be of less value than the baser mettal; -yet if the Gold or Silver do countervail the charge of refining it, -or be more worth than the base mettal spent_ [p. 46.] _in refining -it, that then it is a mine-Royal, and as well the base mettal as -the Gold and Silver in it belongs by prerogative to the Crown._ - -The stones in the Countrey are for the most _mettle_-stone, -free-stone, pebble, slate, none that will run to lime, of which -they have great want, of the slate you may make Tables easie to be -split to the thickness of an inch, or thicker if you please, and -long enough for a dozen men to sit at. Pretious stones there are -too, but if you desire to know further of them, see the Rarities of -_New-England_; onely let me add this observation by the way, that -Crystal set in the Sun taketh fire, and setteth dry Tow or brown -Paper on fire held to it. There is likewise a sort of glittering -sand, which is altogether as good as the glassie powder brought -from the _Indies_ to dry up Ink on paper newly written. The climate -is reasonably temperate, hotter in Summer, and colder in Winter -than with us, agrees with our Constitutions better than _hotter -Climates, these are limbecks to our bodies, forraign heat will -extract the inward and adventitious heat consume the natural, -so much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat of -the Sun, so much more wants he the same inwardly_, which is one -reason why [p. 47.] they are able to receive more and larger -draughts of Brandy, & the like strong spirits than in _England_ -without offence. _Cold is less tolerable than heat, this a friend -to nature, that an enemy. Many are of opinion that the greatest -enemies of life, consisting of heat and moisture, is cold and -dryness; the extremity of cold is more easie to be endured than -extremity of heat; the violent sharpness of winter, than the fiery -raging of Summer. To conclude, they are both bad, too much heat -brings a hot Feaver, too much cold diminisheth the flesh, withers -the face, hollowes the eyes, quencheth natural heat, peeleth the -hair, and procureth baldness._ - -Astronomers have taken special knowledge of the number of 1024 of -the principal apparent noted Stars of all the rest, besides the 7 -Planets, and the 12 Signs, and it is agreed upon that there are -more Stars under the Northern-pole, than under the Southern, the -number of Stars under both poles are innumerable to us; but not -to the Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth, who calleth them all -by their names. _Isai._ 40. _Levate in excelsum oculos vestros & -videte quis creavit hæc? quis educit in numero militiam eorum & -omnia suis nominibus vocat?_ In _January_ 1668. two Suns appeared -and two Moons. The year before was published the Suns prerogative, -vindicated by [p. 48.] _Alexander Nowel_ a young studient at -_Harvard-Colledge_ in the _Massachusets_ Colony, which was as -followeth. - -_Mathematicians have that priviledge, above other Philosophers, -that their foundations are so founded upon, and proved by -demonstration, that reason_ volens nolens _must approve of them, -when they are once viewed by the eye of the intellect_, ipso facto -_it grants a_ probatum est; _if upon those foundations he raises -famous Architectures, which are inseparably joynted in, and joyned -to their ground-works, yet are not their Elements of such vast -extensions, as to have their dimensions adequated with the machine -of the_ primum mobile, _and so include the Fabrick of created -beings; but there are sphears above the sphear of their Activity, -and Orbs placed above the reach of their Instruments, which will_ -non-plus _the most acute inquisitors, at least in reference to -an accurate scrutiny: hence dissentions about Celestial bodies, -whether the planets have any natural light, has been a question, -proving that they borrow their light from the Sun: he being the -primitive, they derivatives; he the_ Augmentum primum, _they_ -Orta, _who though they have light in_ se, _yet not_ ex se. _This -assertion is not expugned by_ Geocentricks _who produce sense -and Antiquity to support their suppositions; nor oppugned by_ -Heliocentricks, [p. 49.] _who deduce their_ Hypothesis _from -reason, and new observations: for_, quicquid in ambitu alicujus -circuli actu diffusum, comprehenditur, id in centro ejusdem -continetur potentia collectum. _Should I put the question to the -vote, questionless the major part of modern Astronomers would carry -it affirmatively; but a testimony being_ Inartificialis Argumentum, -_I shall found my position upon a more Artificial_ Basis. _As for -the multiplication of Eclipses which some fear, it’s needless, for -the extent of the_ Cone _of the earths shaddow_ (à Centro terræ) -_being_ 250 Semidiameters, _it cannot reach_ Mars; Venus _and_ -Mercury _never oppose the Sun. It has been observed by the help -of_ Optick Tubes, _that_ Venus _has divers faces, according to her -diverse position to the Sun. Some affirm the same of_ Mercury, -_but he’s not so liable to observation, being seldom clear of the -radiancy of the Sun. The superior Planets being above the Sun, turn -the same side to the Sun, as they do to us._ Venus _and_ Mars _are -more lucid in their_ Parhelion, _than in their_ Aphelion. _The_ -Telescope _may convince us of this truth_; Evincit enim crassa, -opaca & dissimilium plane partium corpora, planctas esse. _Lastly -God made the Sun and Moon, the two greater lights (though not -the greater lucid bodies) that the Moons light is adventitious, -followes from her invisibilitie_ [p. 50.] _in a central Eclipse: -hence the other planets are destitute of native light_; nam à -majore ad minus valet consequentia negativé. - -In the year 1664. a Star or Comet appeared in _New-England_ in -_December_ in the _South-East_, rising constantly about one of -the clock in the morning, carrying the tail lower and lower till -it came into the _West_, and then bare it directly before it; the -Star it self was of a duskish red, the tail of the colour of _via -lactea_, or the milkie way. A fortnight after it appeared again -rising higher near the _Nadir_ or point over our heads, of the same -form and colour; of which hear the former Scholar. - -_Comets (say Naturalists) proceed from natural causes, but they -oft proceed preternatural effects. That they have been Antecedents -to strange consequents is an universal truth, and proved by -particulars_, viz. _That which hung over_ Hierusalem _before its -extirpation by_ Vespatian, _that vertical to_ Germany, _before -those bloudy Wars_ &c. _So that experience Attests, and reason -Assents, that they have served for sad Prologues to Tragical -Epilogues. For the future preludiums to what events they’l prove, -may be proved by consequence, if they han’t suffered a privation of -their powerful Energie. Dr._ Ward _to salve Contests, distinguishes -between Cometæidæ, which are_ [p. 51.] _Sublunary exhalations, -and Cometæ, which are heavenly bodies, coevous with the Stars; -the cause of the inequality of whose motion, is their Apoge and -Periges. Concerning the height of the late Comets Orb, because of -the deficiency of Instruments, here’s_ pars deficiens. _As for -its motion_ December 10. _’twas about the middle of_ Virgo. Jan. -24. 26 deg. Aries. _Some observe that Comets commonly follow a -Conjunction of the superiour planets. Astronomers attribute much to -the predominancy of that planet which rules it, which they judge -by the Colour; a dull leaden colour, claims_ Saturn _for his Lord; -bright_, Jupiter; _Red_, Mars; _Golden_, Sol; _Yellow_, Venus; -_variable_, Mercury; _pale_, Luna. _Also to the Aspects it receives -from other planets, the sign it is in, and the house of the Heavens -in which it first was. Hence some may judge a scheam of the Heavens -necessary, but unless Calculated for its certain rise (which is -uncertain) it’s adjudged by the judicious, superfluous. Some put -much trust or virtue in the tail, terming it the Ignomon_, &c. _But -that is probable of all, which has been observed of some, that it’s -alwayes opposite to the Sun; hence when the Sun is at the Meridian -of the Antipodes it turns_, &c. _Which_ Regiomont _observed of -that in_ 1475. _and_ Keckerman _of that in_ 1607. Longomontanus -_observes of that in_ 1618. _that its first_ [p. 52.] _appearance -was vertical to_ Germany _and went_ Northward, _so its effect -began there, and made the like progress: it’s rational, that as a -cause, it should operate most powerfully on those in whose Zenith -it is, as the meridional Altitude; nor is it irrational, that as -a sign, it should presage somewhat to all those, in whose Horizon -it appears; for in reason_, Relata se mutuo inferunt, _hence_ -signum _infers_ signatum, _and the signifier implies a signified. -Diverse desire to be certified of the event; but he is wise that -knowes it. Some presume prophetically to specificate from generals -truths; others desperately deny generals and all; of all whom it’s -a truth_, Incidunt in Scyllam, &c. _Noble_ Ticho _concludes, (with -whom I conclude) that it’s not rational particularly to determine -the sequel; for should any, it would be only in a contingent Axiom, -and proceed from fancie; therefore of no necessary consequence, and -would produce only opinion._ - -A friend of mine shewed me a small Treatise written and printed -in the _Massachusets_-Bay by _B. D. Intituled An Astronomical -description of the late Comet, or Blazing-Star, as it appeared in_ -New-England _in the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and the beginning of -the Twelfth moneth_, 1664. _printed at_ Cambridge _by_ Samuel Green -1665. An ingenious piece, but because I could not perswade [p. -53.] my friend to part with it, I took out some short notes being -straitned in time, which are as followes. - -Comets are distinguished in respect of their figure, according -to the divers aspects of the Sun, into _Barbate_, _Caudate_, and -_Crinite_. 1. When the stream like a beard goes before the body. 2. -When the stream followes the body. 3. When the stream goes right up -into the Heavens. - -A Comet is said to be Vertical to any people, when the body of the -Comet passeth over their heads. - -The light of the Comet alters and varies according to the diverse -Aspects of the Sun enlightning it. - -Some took notice of it in the beginning of _November_. - -In _Anno Dom._ 1668. _July_ the Fifteenth happened an Eclipse of -the moon from 9 of the clock at night, till after 11, digits 9, and -35 minutes. - -In _November_ following appeared a Star between the horns of the -Moon in the midst. - -In _Anno Dom._ 1669. about the middle of _June_ at 4 of the clock -in the afternoon, appeared a Rain-bow reverst, and at night about -10 of the clock we had a _Lunar_ Rain-bow. - -[p. 54.] The _Indians_ so far as I could perceive have but little -knowledge of the Stars and Planets, observing the Sun and Moon -only, the dividers of time into dayes and years: they being nearer -to the Equinoctial-line by 10 degrees, have their dayes and nights -more equally divided, being in Summer two hours shorter, in Winter -two hours longer than they are in _England_. The 11 of _June_ the -Sun riseth at 4 and 26 minutes, and setteth at 7 & 34 minutes: in -_December_, the 13 the shortest day, the Sun riseth at 7 and 35 -minutes, and setteth at 4 and 27 minutes. - -Mid-_March_ their Spring begins, in _April_ they have Rain and -Thunder; So again at _Michaelmas_, about which season they have -either before _Michaelmas_ or after outrageous storms of Wind and -Rain. It’s observable that there is no part of the World, which -hath not some certain times of out-rageous storms. We have upon -our Coast in _England_ a _Michaelmas_ flaw, that seldom fails: -in the _West-Indies_ in _August_ and _September_ the forcible -_North_-wind, which though some call _Tuffins_ or _Hurricanes_ -we must distinguish, for a right _Hurricane_ is (as I have said -before) an impetuous wind that goes about the Compass in the -space of 24 hours, in such a storm the Lord _Willoughby_ [p. 55.] -of _Parham_ Governour of the _Barbadoes_ was cast away, going -with a fleet to recover St. _Christophers_ from the _French_, -_Anno Dom._ 1666. _July_. Cold weather begins with the middle of -_November_, the winter’s perpetually freezing, insomuch that their -Rivers and salt-Bayes are frozen over and passable for Men, Horse, -Oxen and Carts: _Æquore cum gelido zephyrus fere xenia Cymbo_. -The _North-west_ wind is the sharpest wind in the Countrie. In -_England_ most of the cold winds and weathers come from the Sea, -and those seats that are nearest the Sea-coasts in _England_ are -accounted unwholsome, but not so in _New-England_, for in the -extremity of winter the _North-East_ and _South_-wind coming from -the Sea produceth warm weather, only the _North-West_-wind coming -over land from the white mountains (which are alwayes (except -in _August_) covered with snow) is the cause of extream cold -weather, alwayes accompanied with deep snowes and bitter frosts, -the snow for the most part four and six foot deep, which melting -on the superficies with the heat of the Sun, (for the most part -shining out clearly every day) and freezing again in the night -makes a crust upon the snow sufficient to bear a man walking with -snow-shoos upon it. And at this [p. 56.] season the _Indians_ go -forth on hunting of Dear and Moose, twenty, thirty, forty miles up -into the Countrie. Their Summer is hot and dry proper for their -_Indian_ Wheat; which thrives best in a hot and dry season, the -skie for the most part Summer and Winter very clear and serene; if -they see a little black cloud in the _North-West_, no bigger than -a man may cover with his Hat, they expect a following storm, the -cloud in short time spreading round about the Horizon accompanied -with violent gusts of wind, rain, and many times lightning and -terrible thunder. In all Countries they have observations how the -weather will fall out, and these rules following are observable -in _New-England_. If the Moon look bright and fair, look for fair -weather, also the appearing of one Rainbow after a storm, is a -known sign of fair weather; if mists come down from the Hills, or -descend from the Heavens, and settle in the valleys, they promise -fair hot weather; mists in the Evening shew a fair hot day on -the morrow: the like when mists rise from waters in the Evening. -The obscuring of the smaller Stars is a certain sign of Tempests -approaching; the oft changing of the wind is also a fore-runner of -a storm; the resounding of the Sea from the shore, and murmuring -of [p. 57.] the winds in the woods without apparent wind, sheweth -wind to follow: shooting of the Stars (as they call it) is an usual -sign of wind from that quarter the Star came from. So look whether -the resounding of the Sea upon the shore be on the _East_ or _West_ -side of the dwelling, out of that quarter will the wind proceed -the next day. The redness of the sky in the morning, is a token -of winds, or rain or both: if the Circles that appear about the -Sun be red and broken, they portend wind; if thick and dark, wind, -snow and rain; the like may be said of the Circles about the moon. -If two rain-bowes appear, they are a sign of rain; If the Sun or -Moon look pale, look for rain: if a dark cloud be at Sun-rising, -in which the Sun soon after is hid, it will dissolve it, and rain -will follow; _nebula ascendens indicat imbres, nebula descendens -serenitatem_. If the Sun seem greater in the _East_, than in the -_West_ about Sun-setting, and that there appears a black cloud, you -may expect rain that night, or the day following. - - _Serò rubens Cælum cras indicat esse serenum, - Sed si manè rubet venturos indicat Imbres._ - -[p. 58.] To conclude; if the white hills look clear and -conspicuous, it is a sign of fair weather; if black and cloudy, of -rain; if yellow, it is a certain sign of snow shortly to ensue. - -In _Anno Dom._ 1667. _March_, appeared a sign in the Heavens in -the form of a Sphear, pointing directly to the _West_: and in the -year following on the third day of _April_ being _Friday_, there -was a terrible Earthquake, before that a very great one in 1638. -and another in 58 and in 1662/3. _January_ 26, 27, & 28. (which -was the year before I came thither) there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 -times in the space of three dayes. Earthquakes are frequent in the -Countrie; some suppose that the white mountains were first raised -by Earthquakes, they are hollow as may be guessed by the resounding -of the rain upon the level on the top. The _Indians_ told us of a -River whose course was not only stopt by an Earthquake in 1668. -(as near as I can remember) but the whole River swallowed up. And -I have heard it reported from credible persons, that (whilst I -was there in the Countrie) there happened a terrible Earthquake -amongst the _French_, rending a huge Rock asunder even to the -center, wherein was a vast hollow of an immeasurable depth, out of -which came many infernal Spirits. I shall [p. 59.] conclude this -discourse of Earthquakes, with that which came from the Pen of -our Royal Martyr King _Charles_ the First; _A storm at Sea wants -not its terrour, but an Earthquake, shaking the very foundation of -all, the World hath nothing more of horrour._ And now I come to the -plants of the Countrie. - -The plants in _New-England_ for the variety, number, beauty, and -vertues, may stand in Competition with the plants of any Countrey -in Europe. _Johnson_ hath added to _Gerard’s_ Herbal 300. and -_Parkinson_ mentioneth many more; had they been in _New-England_ -they might have found 1000 at least never heard of nor seen by any -_Englishman_ before: ’Tis true, the Countrie hath no _Bonerets_, -or _Tartarlambs_, no glittering coloured _Tuleps_; but here you -have the _American Mary-Gold_, the _Earth-nut_ bearing a princely -Flower, the beautiful leaved _Pirola_, the honied _Colibry_, &c. -They are generally of (somewhat) a more masculine vertue, than -any of the same species in _England_, but not in so terrible a -degree, as to be mischievous or ineffectual to our _English_ -bodies. _It is affirmed by some that no forraign Drugg or Simple -can be so proper to Englishmen as their own, for the quantity of_ -Opium _which Turks do safely take will kill four Englishmen, and -that which will_ [p. 60.] _salve their wounds within a day, will -not recure an Englishman in three._ To which I answer that it is -custom that brings the _Turks_ to the familiar use of _Opium_. -You may have heard of a _Taylor_ in _Kent_, who being afflicted -with want of sleep ventured upon _Opium_, taking at first a grain, -and increasing of it till it came to an ounce, which quantitie he -took as familiarly as a _Turk_, without any harm, more than that -he could not sleep without it. The _English_ in _New-England_ -take white _Hellebore_, which operates as fairly with them, as -with the _Indians_, who steeping of it in water sometime, give it -to young lads gathered together a purpose to drink, if it come up -they force them to drink again their vomit, (which they save in a -Birchen-dish) till it stayes with them, & he that gets the victory -of it is made Captain of the other lads for that year. There is a -plant likewise, called for want of a name _Clownes wound wort_ by -the _English_, though it be not the same, that will heal a green -wound in 24 hours, if a wise man have the ordering of it. Thus much -for the general, I shall now begin to discover unto you the plants -more particularly, and I shall first begin with Trees, and of them, -first with such as are called in Scripture Trees of God, that is -great [p. 61.] Trees, that grow of themselves without planting. -Psal. 104. 16, 17. _Satiantur arbores Jehovæ_, _cedri Libani quas -plantavit_; (_ubi aviculæ nidificent_) _abietes domicilia ciconiæ_. -The Herons take great delight to sit basking upon the tops of these -Trees. And I shall not be over large in any, having written of them -in my Treatise of the rarities of _New-England_, to which I refer -you. - -The _Oake_ I have given you an account of, and the kinds; I shall -add the ordering of Red _Oake_ for Wainscot. When they have cut -it down and clear’d it from the branches, they pitch the body of -the Tree in a muddy place in a River, with the head downward for -some time, afterwards they draw it out, and when it is seasoned -sufficiently, they saw it into boards for Wainscot, and it will -branch out into curious works. - -There is an admirable rare Creature in shape like a _Buck_, with -Horns, of a gummy substance, which I have often found in the fall -of the leaf upon the ground amongst the withered leaves; a living -Creature I cannot call it; having only the sign of a mouth and -eyes: seldom or never shall you meet with any of them whole, but -the head and horns, or the hinder parts, broken off from the rest; -the _Indians_ call them Tree _Bucks_, and have a superstitious -saying (for I believe [p. 62.] they never see any of them living) -that if they can see a Tree-_Buck_ walking upon the branches of an -_Oake_ when they go out in a morning to hunt, they shall have good -luck that day. What they are good for I know not, but certainly -there is some more than ordinary vertue in them. It is true that -nothing in nature is superfluous, and we have the Scripture to -back it, that God created nothing in vain. The like Creatures they -_have at the_ Barbadoes _which they call_ Negroes _heads, found -in the Sands, about two inches long, with forehead, eyes, nose, -mouth, chin, and part of the neck, they are alwayes found loose in -the Sands without any root, it is as black as Jet, but whence it -comes they know not. I have read likewise, that in the_ Canaries -_or_ Fortunate-Islands, _there is found a certain Creature, which -Boys bring home from the mountains as oft as they would, and named -them_ Tudesquels, _or little_ Germans: _for they were dry’d dead -Carcases, almost three footed, which any boy did easily carry in -one of the palms of his hand, and they were of an humane shape; but -the whole dead Carcase was clearly like unto Parchment, and their -bones were flexible, as it were gristles: against the Sun, also, -their bowels and intestines were seen. Surely (saith my Authour) -the destroyed race of the_ Pigmies _was there_. There is [p. 63.] -also many times found upon the leaves of the _Oake_ a Creature -like a _Frog_, being as thin as a leaf, and transparent, as yellow -as Gold, with little fiery red eyes, the _English_ call them -Tree-frogs or Tree-toads (but of Tree-toads I shall have occasion -to speak in another place) they are said to be venemous, but may be -safely used, being admirable to stop womens over-flowing courses -hung about their necks in a Taffetie bag. - -_Captain_ Smith _writes that in_ New-England _there growes a -certain berry called_ Kermes, _worth_ 10 _shillings a pound, -and had been formerly sold for_ 30 _or_ 40 _shillings a pound, -which may yearly be gathered in good quantity._ I have sought for -this berry, he speaks of, as a man should seek for a needle in a -bottle of Hay, but could never light upon it; unless that kind -of _Solomon-seal_ called by the _English_ Treacle-berry be it. -_Gerard_ our famous Herbalist _writes that they grow upon a little -Tree called_ Scarlet-Oake, _the leaves have one sharp prickle at -the end of it; it beareth small_ Acorns: _But the grain or berry -growes out of the woody branches, like an excrescence of the -substance of the_ Oake-Apple, _and of the bigness of Pease, at -first white, when ripe of an_ Ash-colour, _which ingenders little -Maggots, which when it begins_ [p. 64.] _to have wings are put -into a bag and boulted up and down till dead, and then made up -into lumps, the Maggot as most do deem is_ Cutchenele; _So that_ -Chermes _is_ Cutchenele: _the berries dye scarlet. Mr._ George -Sands _in his Travels saith (much to the same purpose) that scarlet -dye growes like a blister on the leaf of the Holy_ Oake, _a little -shrub, yet producing_ Acorns, _being gathered they rub out of it -a certain red dust, that converteth after a while into worms, -which they kill with Wine, when they begin to quicken. See farther -concerning Treacle-berries and_ Cutchinele _in the rarities of_ -New-England. - -The Pine-Tree challengeth the next place, and that sort which is -called Board-pine is the principal, it is a stately large Tree, -very tall, and sometimes two or three fadom about: of the body the -_English_ make large _Canows_ of 20 foot long, and two foot and -a half over, hollowing of them with an Adds, and shaping of the -outside like a Boat. Some conceive that the wood called _Gopher_ in -Scripture, of which _Noah_ made the Ark, was no other than Pine, -_Gen._ 6. 14. The bark thereof is good for Ulcers in tender persons -that refuse sharp medicines. The inner bark of young board-pine -cut small and stampt and boiled in a Gallon of water is a very -soveraign medicine for burn [p. 65.] or scald, washing the sore -with some of the decoction, and then laying on the bark stampt -very soft: or for frozen limbs, to take out the fire and to heal -them, take the bark of Board-pine-Tree, cut it small and stamp it -and boil it in a gallon of water to Gelly, wash the sore with the -liquor, stamp the bark again till it be very soft and bind it on. -The Turpentine is excellent to heal wounds and cuts, and hath all -the properties of _Venice_ Turpentine, the Rosen is as good as -Frankincense, and the powder of the dryed leaves generateth flesh; -the distilled water of the green Cones taketh away wrinkles in the -face being laid on with Cloths. - -The Firr-tree is a large Tree too, but seldom so big as the Pine, -the bark is smooth, with knobs or blisters, in which lyeth clear -liquid Turpentine very good to be put into salves and oyntments, -the leaves or Cones boiled in Beer are good for the Scurvie, the -young buds are excellent to put into Epithemes for Warts and -Corns, the Rosen is altogether as good as Frankincense; out of this -Tree the Poleakers draw Pitch and Tarr; the manner I shall give -you, for that it may (with many other things contained in this -Treatise) be beneficial to my Countrymen, either there already -seated, or that [p. 66.] may happen to go thither hereafter. Out -of the fattest wood changed into Torch-wood, which is a disease in -that Tree, they draw Tarr, first a place must be paved with stone -or the like, a little higher in the middle, about which there must -be made gutters, into which the liquor falls, then out from them -other gutters are to be drawn, by which it may be received, then -is it put into barrels. The place thus prepared, the cloven wood -must be set upright, then must it be covered with a great number of -firr and pitch bowes; and on every part all about with much lome -and sods of earth, and great heed must be taken, lest there be -any cleft or chink remaining, only a hole left in the top of the -furnace, through which the fire may be put in, and the flame and -smoak to pass out: when the fire burneth, the Pitch or Tarr runneth -forth first thin and then thicker; of which when it is boiled is -made Pitch: the powder of dried Pitch is used to generate flesh in -wounds and sores. The knots of this Tree and fat-pine are used by -the _English_ instead of Candles, and it will burn a long time, but -it makes the people pale. - -The Spruce-tree I have given you an account of in my _New-England_ -rarities. In the North-east of _Scotland_ upon the banks [p. 67.] -of _Lough-argick_, there hath been formerly of these Trees 28 -handful about at the Root, and their bodies mounted to 90 foot of -height, bearing at the length 20 inches diameter. At _Pascataway_ -there is now a Spruce-tree brought down to the water-side by our -Mass-men of an incredible bigness, and so long that no Skipper -durst ever yet adventure to ship it, but there it lyes and Rots. - -The Hemlock-tree is a kind of spruce or pine; the bark boiled and -stampt till it be very soft is excellent for to heal wounds, and so -is the Turpentine thereof, and the Turpentine that issueth from the -Cones of the Larch-tree, (which comes nearest of any to the right -Turpentine) is singularly good to heal wounds, and to draw out the -malice (or Thorn, as _Helmont_ phrases it) of any Ach, rubbing the -place therewith, and strowing upon it the powder of _Sage_-leaves. - -The white Cedar is a stately Tree, and is taken by some to be -_Tamarisk_, this Tree the _English_ saw into boards to floor their -Rooms, for which purpose it is excellent, long lasting, and wears -very smooth and white; likewise they make shingles to cover their -houses with instead of tyle, it will never warp. This Tree, the -Oak and the [p. 68.] Larch-tree are best for building. Groundsels -made of Larch-tree will never rot, and the longer it lyes the -harder it growes, that you may almost drive a nail into a bar of -Iron as easily as into that. Oh, that my Countreymen might obtain -that blessing with their buildings, which _Esay_ prophesied to -the _Jewes_ in the 65 Chapter and 22 verse. _Non ædificabunt & -alius inhabitabit, non plantabunt & alius comedet: sed ut sunt -dies Arboris, dies erunt populi mei, & opus manuum suarum deterent -electi mei._ - -The Sassafras-tree is no great Tree, I have met with some as big as -my middle, the rind is tawny and upon that a thin colour of Ashes, -the inner part is white, of an excellent smell like Fennel, of a -sweet tast with some bitterness; the leaves are like Fig-leaves of -a dark green. A decoction of the Roots and bark thereof sweetned -with Sugar, and drunk in the morning fasting will open the body -and procure a stool or two, it is good for the Scurvie taken -some time together, and laying upon the legs the green leaves of -white _Hellebore_. They give it to Cows that have newly calved -to make them cast their Cleanings. This Tree growes not beyond -_Black-point_ Eastward: it is observed, that there is no province -but produces Trees and plants not growing in other Regions. - - -[p. 69.] _Non omnis fert omnia tellus._ - -The Walnut which is divers, some bearing square nuts, others like -ours, but smaller: there is likewise black Walnut of precious -use for Tables, Cabinets and the like. The Walnut-tree is the -toughest wood in the Countrie, and therefore made use of for Hoops -and Bowes, there being no Yew there growing; In _England_ they -made their Bowes usually of Witch Hasel, Ash, Yew, the best of -outlandish Elm, but the _Indians_ make theirs of Walnut. - -The Line-tree with long nuts, the other kind I could never find: -the wood of this Tree, Laurel, Rhamnus, Holly and Ivy are accounted -for woods that cause fire by attrition; Laurel and Ivy are not -growing in _New-England_: the _Indians_ will rub two sear’d sticks -of any sort of wood, and kindle a fire with them presently. - -The Maple-tree, on the boughs of this Tree I have often found a -jellied substance like _Jewes-Ears_, which I found upon tryal to be -as good for sore throats _&c._ - -The Birch-tree is of two kinds, ordinary Birch, and black Birch, -many of these Trees are stript of their bark by the _Indians_, who -make of it their Canows, Kettles, [p. 70.] and Birchen-dishes: -there is an excrescence growing out of the body of the Tree called -spunck, or dead mens Caps, it growes at the Roots of Ash, or Beech, -or Elm; but the best is that which growes upon the black Birch, -this boiled and beaten, and then dried in an Oven maketh excellent -Touch-wood, and Balls to play with. - -Alder, of which wood there is abundance in the wet swamps: the bark -thereof with the yolke of an Egg is good for a strain; an _Indian_ -bruising of his knee, chew’d the bark of Alder fasting and laid -it to, which quickly helped him. The wives of our West-Countrey -English make a drink with the seeds of Alder, giving it to their -Children troubled with the _Alloes_. I have talk’d with many of -them, but could never apprehend what disease it should be they so -name, these Trees are called by some Sullinges. - -The _Indians_ tell of a Tree that growes far up in the land, -that is as big as an Oake, that will cure the falling-sickness -infallibly, what part thereof they use, Bark, Wood, leaves or -fruit, I could never learn; they promised often to bring of it to -me, but did not. I have seen a stately Tree growing here and there -in valleys, not like to any Trees in Europe, having a smooth bark -of [p. 71.] a dark brown colour, the leaves like great Maple, in -_England_ called Sycamor, but larger, it may be this is the Tree -they brag of. - -Thus much concerning Trees, now I shall present to your view the -Shrubs; and first of the Sumach Shrub, which as I have told -you in _New-Englands_ rarities, differeth from all the kinds -set down in our _English_ Herbals; the root dyeth wool or cloth -reddish, the decoction of the leaves in wine drunk, is good for -all Fluxes of the belly in man or woman, the whites, _&c._ For -galled places stamp the leaves with honey, and apply it, nothing -so soon healeth a wound in the head as Sumach stampt and applyed -once in three dayes, the powder strewed in stayeth the bleeding of -wounds: The seed of Sumach pounded and mixt with honey, healeth the -Hemorrhoids, the gum put into a hollow tooth asswageth the pain, -the bark or berries in the fall of the leaf, is as good as galls to -make Ink of. - -Elder in _New-England_ is shrubbie, & dies once in two years: there -is a sort of dwarf-Elder that growes by the Sea-side that hath a -red pith, the berries of both are smaller than _English_-Elder, not -round but corner’d, neither of them smell so strong as ours. - -Juniper growes for the most part by the Sea-side, it bears -abundance of skie-coloured [p. 72.] berries fed upon by Partridges, -and hath a woodie root, which induceth me to believe that the plant -mention’d in Job 30. 4. _Qui decerpebant herbas é salsilagine cum -stirpibus: etiam radices Juniperorum cibo erant illis_, was our -_Indian_ plant _Cassava_. They write that _Juniper_-coals preserve -fire longest of any, keeping fire a whole year without supply, yet -the _Indian_ never burns of it. - -Sweet fern, see the rarities of _New England_, the tops and -nucaments of sweet fern boiled in water or milk and drunk helpeth -all manner of Fluxes, being boiled in water it makes an excellent -liquor for Inck. - -Current-bushes are of two kinds red and black, the black currents -which are larger than the red smell like cats piss, yet are -reasonable pleasant in eating. - -The Gooseberry-bush, the berry of which is called Grosers or thorn -Grapes, grow all over the Countrie, the berry is but small, of a -red or purple colour when ripe. - -There is a small shrub which is very common, growing sometimes to -the height of Elder, bearing a berry like in shape to the fruit -of the white thorn, of a pale yellow colour at first, then red, -when it is ripe of a deep purple, of a delicate Aromatical tast, -somewhat stiptick: to conclude, [p. 73.] alwayes observe this rule -in taking or refusing unknown fruit: if you find them eaten of the -fowl or beast, you may boldly venture to eat of them, otherwise do -not touch them. - -_Maze_, otherwise called _Turkie_-wheat, or rather _Indian_-wheat, -because it came first from thence; the leaves boiled and drunk -helpeth pain in the back; of the stalks when they are green you may -make _Beverage_, as they do with _Calamels_, or Sugar-canes. The -raw Corn chewed ripens felons or Cats hairs, or you may lay Samp -to it: The _Indians_ before it be thorow ripe eat of it parched. -Certainly the parched corn that _Abigail_ brought to _David_ was -of this kind of grain, 1 Sam. 25. 18. _The Jewes manner was (as it -is delivered to us by a learned Divine) first to parch their Corn, -then they fryed it, and lastly they boiled it to a paste, and then -tempered it with water, Cheese-Curds, Honey and Eggs, this they -carried drye with them to the Camp, and so wet the Cakes in Wine or -milk; such was the pulse too of_ Africa. - -_French_-beans, or rather _American_-beans, the Herbalists -call them kidney-beans from their shape and effects, for they -strengthen the kidneys; they are variegated much, some being bigger -a great deal than others; some [p. 74.] white, black, red, yellow, -blew, spotted; besides your _Bonivis_ and _Calavances_ and the -kidney-bean, that is proper to _Ronoake_, but these are brought -into the Countrie, the other are natural to the climate. So the -_Mexico_ pompion which is flat and deeply camphered, the flesh -laid to, asswageth pain of the eyes. The water-mellon is proper to -the Countrie, the flesh of it is of a flesh colour, a rare cooler -of Feavers, and excellent against the stone. _Pomum spinosum_ and -_palma-Christi_ too growes not here, unless planted, brought from -_Peru_; the later is thought to be the plant, that shaded Jonah -_the Prophet_, Jonas 4. 6. _Paraverat enim_ Jehova _Deus ricinum -qui ascenderet supra_ Jonam, _ut esset umbra super caput ejus -ereptura eum à malo ipsius; lætabaturque_ Jonas _de ricino illo -lætitia magna_. _Ricinum_, that is _palma Christi_, called also -_cucurbita_, and therefore translated a Gourd. - -Tobacco, or _Tabacca_ so called from _Tabaco_ or _Tabago_, one of -the _Caribbe_-Islands about 50 _English_ miles from _Trinidad_. -The right name, according to _Monardus_, is _picielte_, as others -will _petum_, _nicotian_ from _Nicot_, a Portingal, to whom it was -presented for a raritie in _Anno Dom._ 1559. by one that brought -it from _Florida_. Great contest there is about the time when it -was first [p. 75.] brought into _England_, some will have Sir -_John Hawkins_ the first, others Sir _Francis Drake’s_ Mariners; -others again say that one Mr. _Lane_ imployed by Sir _Walter -Rawleigh_ brought it first into England; all conclude that Sir -_Walter Rawleigh_ brought it first in use. _It is observed that no -one kind of forraign Commodity yieldeth greater advantage to the -publick than Tobacco, it is generally made the complement of our -entertainment, and hath made more slaves than_ Mahomet. There is -three sorts of it Marchantable, the first horse Tobacco, having a -broad long leaf piked at the end; the second round pointed Tobacco; -third sweet scented Tobacco. These are made up into Cane, leaf or -ball; there is little of it planted in _New-England_, neither have -they learned the right way of curing of it. It is sowen in _April_ -upon a bed of rich mould sifted, they make a bed about three yards -long, or more according to the ground they intend to plant, and -a yard and a half over; this they tread down hard, then they sow -their seed upon it as thick as may be, and sift fine earth upon it, -then tread it down again as hard as possible they can, when it hath -gotten four or six leaves, they remove it into the planting ground; -when it begins to bud towards flowring, they crop off the [p. 76.] -top, for the Flower drawes away the strength of the leaf. For the -rest I refer you to the Planter, being not willing to discover -their mysteries. The _Indians_ in _New-England_ use a small round -leafed Tobacco, called by them, or the Fishermen Poke. _It is -odious to the_ English. _The vertues of Tobacco are these, it helps -digestion, the Gout, the Tooth-ach, prevents infection by scents, -it heats the cold, and cools them that sweat, feedeth the hungry, -spent spirits restoreth, purgeth the stomach, killeth nits and -lice; the juice of the green leaf healeth green wounds, although -poysoned; the Syrup for many diseases, the smoak for the Phthisick, -cough of the lungs, distillations of Rheume, and all diseases of -a cold and moist cause, good for all bodies cold and moist taken -upon an emptie stomach, taken upon a full stomach it precipitates -digestion, immoderately taken it dryeth the body, enflameth the -bloud, hurteth the brain, weakens the eyes and the sinews._ - -White _Hellebore_ is used for the Scurvie by the _English_. -A friend of mine gave them first a purge, then conserve of -Bear-berries, then fumed their leggs with vinegar, sprinkled upon -a piece of mill-stone made hot, and applied to the sores white -_Hellebore_ leaves; drink made of _Orpine_ and _sorrel_ were given -likewise with it, and [p. 77.] Sea-scurvie-grass. To kill lice, -boil the roots of _Hellebore_ in milk, and anoint the hair of the -head therewith or other places. - -_Mandrake_, is a very rare plant, the _Indians_ know it not, it -is found in the woods about _Pascataway_, they do in plain terms -stink, therefore _Reubens_ Flowers that he brought home were -not _Mandrakes_, Gen. 30. 14, 15, 16. _They are rendered in the -Latine_ Amabiles flores, _the same word say our Divines is used in_ -Canticles, 7. 4. Amabiles istos flores edentes odorem, & secundum -ostia nostra omnes pretiosos fructus, recentes simulac veteres, -dilecte mi, repono tibi. _So that the right translation is_, Reuben -_brought home amiable and sweet smelling Flowers; this in the_ -Canticles (_say they_) _expounding the other_. - -_Calamus Aromaticus_, or the sweet smelling reed, it Flowers in -_July_; see _New-Englands_ rarities. - -_Sarsaparilla_ or roughbind-weed (as some describe it) the leaves -and whole bind set with thorns, of this there is store growing upon -the banks of Ponds. See the rarities of _New-England_. The leaves -of the _Sarsaparilla_ there described pounded with Hogs grease and -boiled to an unguent, is excellent in the curing of wounds. - -Live for ever, it is a kind of _Cud-weed_, [p. 78.] flourisheth all -summer long till cold weather comes in, it growes now plentifully -in our _English_ Gardens, it is good for cough of the lungs, and -to cleanse the breast taken as you do Tobacco; and for pain in the -head the decoction, or the juice strained and drunk in Bear, Wine, -or Aqua vitæ, killeth worms. The Fishermen when they want Tobacco -take this herb being cut and dryed. - -_Lysimachus_ or Loose-strife: there are several kinds, but the -most noted is the yellow _Lysimachus_ of _Virginia_, the root -is longish and white, as thick as ones thumb, the stalkes of an -overworn colour, and a little hairie, the middle vein of the leaf -whitish, the Flower yellow and like Primroses, and therefore -called Tree-primrose, growes upon seedie vessels, _&c._ The first -year it growes not up to a stalke, but sends up many large leaves -handsomely lying one upon another, Rose fashion, Flowers in _June_, -the seed is ripe in _August_, this as I have said is taken by the -_English_ for Scabious. - -St. _John’s_ wort, it preserveth Cheese made up in it, at Sea. - -Spurge or Wolfes milch there are several sorts. - -_Avens_, or herb-bennet; you have an account of it in -_New-Englands_ rarities, but one [p. 79.] thing more I shall add, -that you may plainly perceive a more masculine quality in the -plants growing in _New-England_. A neighbour of mine in Hay-time, -having overheat himself, and melted his grease, with striving to -outmowe another man, fell dangerously sick, not being able to turn -himself in his bed, his stomach gon, and his heart fainting ever -and anon; to whom I administered the decoction of _Avens_-Roots -and leaves in water and wine, sweetning it with Syrup of -Clove-Gilliflowers, in one weeks time it recovered him, so that -he was able to perform his daily work, being a poor planter or -husbandman as we call them. - -Red-Lilly growes all over the Countrey amongst the bushes. Mr. -_Johnson_ upon _Gerard_ takes the Tulip to be the Lilly of the -field mentioned by our Saviour, Matth. 6. 28, 29. _Ac de vestitu -quid soliciti estis? discite quomodo lilia agrorum augescant: non -fatigantur, neque nent, sed dico vobis, ne Solomonem quidem cum -universa gloria sic amictum fuisse ut unum ex istis._ Solomon _in -all his Royalty was not like one of them. His reasons are, first -from the shape, like a lilly; The second, because those places -where our Saviour was conversant they grow wild in the fields. -Third, the infinite variety of the_ [p. 80.] _colours. The fourth -and last reason, the wondrous beautie and mixture of these Flowers._ - -Water-lillys; the black roots dryed and pulverized, are wondrous -effectual in the stopping of all manner of fluxes of the belly, -drunk with wine or water. - -_Herba-paris_, one berry, herb true love, or four-leaved -night-shade, the leaves are good to be laid upon hot tumours. - -_Umbilicus veneris_, or _New-England_ daisie, it is good for hot -humours, _Erisipelas_, St. _Anthonie’s_ fire, all inflammations. - -_Glass-wort_, a little quantity of this plant you may take for the -Dropsie, but be very careful that you take not too much, for it -worketh impetuously. - -Water-plantane, called in _New-England_ water Suck-leaves, and -Scurvie-leaves, you must lay them whole to the leggs to draw out -water between the skin and the flesh. - -_Rosa-solis_, Sun-dew, moor-grass, this plant I have seen more of, -than ever I saw in my whole life before in _England_, a man may -gather upon some marish-grounds an incredible quantity in a short -time; towards the middle of _June_ it is in its season, for then -its spear is shot out to its length, of which they take hold and -pull the whole plant up by the roots from the moss with ease. - -[p. 81.] _Amber_-greese I take to be a Mushroom, see the rarities -of _New-England_. Monardus _writeth that_ Amber_-greese riseth out -of a certain clammy and bituminous earth under the Seas, and by the -Sea-side, the billows casting up part of it a land, and fish devour -the rest; Some say it is the seed of a Whale, others, that it -springeth from fountains as pitch doth, which fishes swallow down; -the air congealeth it._ And sometimes it is found in the crevises -and corners of Rocks. - -_Fuss-balls_, _Mullipuffes_ called by the Fishermen Wolves-farts, -are to be found plentifully, and those bigger by much than any I -have seen in _England_. - -_Coraline_ there is infinite store of it cast upon the shore, and -another plant that is more spinie, of a Red colour, and as hard as -Corral. _Coraline_ laid to the gout easeth the pain. - -Sea-Oake or wreach, or Sea-weed, the black pouches of Oar-weed -dryed and pulverized, and drunk with White-wine, is an excellent -remedy for the stone. - -I will finish this part of my relation concerning plants, with an -admirable plant for the curing and taking away of Corns, which -many times sore troubleth the Traveller: it is not above a handful -high; the little branches are woodie, the leaves like [p. 82.] the -leaves of Box, but broader and much thicker, hard and of a deep -grass-green colour; this bruised or champt in the mouth and laid -upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night. And observe all -_Indian_ Trees and plants, their Roots are but of small depth, and -so they must be set. - -Of Beasts of the earth there be scarce 120 several kinds, and -not much more of the Fowls of the Air, is the opinion of some -Naturalists; there are not many kinds of Beasts in _New-England_, -they may be divided into Beasts of the Chase of the stinking foot, -as _Roes_, _Foxes_, _Jaccals_, _Wolves_, _Wild-cats_, _Raccons_, -_Porcupines_, _Squncks_, _Musquashes_, _Squirrels_, _Sables_, and -_Mattrises_; and Beasts of the Chase of the sweet foot, _Buck_, -Red _Dear_, Rain-_Dear_, _Elke_, _Marouse_, _Maccarib_, _Bear_, -_Beaver_, _Otter_, _Marten_, _Hare_. - -The _Roe_ a kind of Deer, and the fleetest Beast upon earth is here -to be found, and is good venison, but not over fat. - -The _Fox_, the male is called a dog-fox, the female a bitch-fox, -they go a clicketing the beginning of the spring, and bring forth -their Cubs in _May_ and _June_. There are two or three kinds of -them; one a great yellow _Fox_, another grey, who will climb up -into Trees; the black _Fox_ is of much esteem. _Foxes_ and _Wolves_ -are usually hunted [p. 83.] in _England_ from _Holy-Rood_ day, till -the _Annunciation_. In _New-England_ they make best sport in the -depth of winter; they lay a sledg-load of Cods-heads on the other -side of a paled fence when the moon shines, and about nine or ten -of the clock the _Foxes_ come to it, sometimes two or three, or -half a dozen, and more; these they shoot, and by that time they -have cased them, there will be as many; So they continue shooting -and killing of _Foxes_ as long as the moon shineth; I have known -half a score kill’d in one night. Their pisles are bonie like a -doggs, their fat liquified and put into the ears easeth the pain, -their tails or bushes are very fair ones and of good use, but their -skins are so thin (yet thick set with deep furr) that they will -hardly hold the dressing. - -_Jaccals_ there be abundance, which is a Creature much like a -_Fox_, but smaller, they are very frequent in _Palæstina_, or the -_Holy-land_. - -The _Wolf_ seeketh his mate and goes a clicketing at the same -season with _Foxes_, and bring forth their whelps as they do, but -their kennels are under thick bushes by great Trees in remote -places by the swamps, he is to be hunted as the _Fox_ from -_Holy-rood_ day till the _Annunciation_. But there [p. 84.] they -have a quicker way to destroy them. See _New-Englands_ rarities. -They commonly go in routs, a rout of _Wolves_ is 12 or more, -sometimes by couples. In 1664. we found a _Wolf_ asleep in a small -dry swamp under an Oake, a great mastiff which we had with us -seized upon him, and held him till we had put a rope about his -neck, by which we brought him home, and tying of him to a stake -we bated him with smaller Doggs, and had excellent sport; but his -hinder legg being broken, they knockt out his brains. Sometime -before this we had an excellent course after a single _Wolf_ upon -the hard sands by the Sea-side at low water for a mile or two, -at last we lost our doggs, it being (as the _Lancashire_ people -phrase it) twi-light, that is almost dark, and went beyond them, -for a mastiff-bitch had seized upon the _Wolf_ being gotten into -the Sea, and there held him, till one went in and led him out, the -bitch keeping her hold till they had tyed his leggs, and so carried -him home like a Calf upon a staff between two men; being brought -into the house they unbound him and set him upon his leggs, he not -offering in the least to bite, or so much as to shew his teeth, but -clapping his stern betwixt his leggs, and leering towards the door -would willingly have had his liberty, [p. 85.] but they served him -as they did the other, knockt his brains out, for our doggs were -not then in a condition to bate him; their eyes shine by night as -a Lanthorn: the Fangs of a _Wolf_ hung about childrens necks keep -them from frighting, and are very good to rub their gums with when -they are breeding of Teeth, the gall of a _Wolf_ is Soveraign for -swelling of the sinews; the fiants or dung of a _Wolf_ drunk with -white-wine helpeth the _Collick_. - -The _Wild-cat_, _Lusern_ or _luceret_, or Ounce as some call it, is -not inferiour to Lamb, their grease is very soveraign for lameness -upon taking cold. - -The _Racoon_ or _Rattoon_ is of two sorts, gray _Rattoons_, and -black _Rattoons_, their grease is soveraign for wounds with -bruises, aches, streins, bruises; and to anoint after broken bones -and dislocations. - -The _Squnck_ is almost as big as a _Racoon_, perfect black and -white or pye-bald, with a bush-tail like a _Fox_, an offensive -Carion; the Urine of this Creature is of so strong a scent, that if -it light upon any thing, there is no abiding of it, it will make a -man smell, though he were of _Alexanders_ complexion; and so sharp -that if he do but whisk his bush which he pisseth upon in the face -of a dogg hunting of him, and that [p. 86.] any of it light in his -eyes it will make him almost mad with the smart thereof. - -The _Musquashes_ is a small Beast that lives in shallow ponds, -where they build them houses of earth and sticks in shape like -mole-hills, and feed upon _Calamus Aromaticus_: in _May_ they scent -very strong of Muske; their furr is of no great esteem; their -stones wrapt up in Cotten-wool will continue a long time, and are -good to lay amongst cloths to give them a grateful smell. - -The _Squirril_, of which there are three sorts, the mouse-squirril, -the gray squirril, and the flying squirril, called by the -_Indian_ _Assapanick_. The mouse-squirril is hardly so big as a -Rat, streak’d on both sides with black and red streaks, they are -mischievous vermine destroying abundance of Corn both in the field -and in the house, where they will gnaw holes into Chests, and tear -clothes both linnen and wollen, and are notable nut-gathers in -_August_; when hasel and filbert nuts are ripe you may see upon -every Nut-tree as many mouse-squirrils as leaves; So that the nuts -are gone in a trice, which they convey to their Drays or Nests. The -gray squirril is pretty large, almost as big as a Conie, and are -very good meat: in some parts of the Countrie there are many of -them. The flying squirril is so called, [p. 87.] because (his skin -being loose and large) he spreads it on both sides like wings when -he passeth from one Tree to another at great distance. I cannot -call it flying nor leaping, for it is both. - -The _Mattrise_ is a Creature whose head and fore-parts is shaped -somewhat like a Lyons, not altogether so big as a house-cat, they -are innumerable up in the Countrey, and are esteemed good furr. - -The _Sable_ is much of the size of a _Mattrise_ perfect black, but -what store there is of them I cannot tell, I never saw but two of -them in Eight years space. - -The _Martin_ is as ours are in _England_, but blacker, they -breed in holes which they make in the earth like Conies, and are -innumerable, their skins or furr are in much request. - -The _Buck_, _Stag_, and _Rain-Dear_ are Creatures that will live -in the coldest climates, here they are innumerable, bringing forth -three _Fawns_ or _Calves_ at a time, which they hide a mile asunder -to prevent their destruction by the _Wolves_, wild-_Cats_, _Bears_, -and _Mequans_: when they are in season they will be very fat; there -are but few slain by the _English_. The _Indians_ who shoot them, -and take of them with toyls, bring them in [p. 88.] with their -suet, and the bones that grow upon _Stags-Hearts_. - -The _Moose_ or _Elke_ is a Creature, or rather if you will a -Monster of superfluity; a full grown _Moose_ is many times bigger -than an _English_ Oxe, their horns as I have said elsewhere, very -big (and brancht out into palms) the tips whereof are sometimes -found to be two fathom asunder, (a fathom [p. 89.] is six feet -from the tip of one finger to the tip of the other, that is four -cubits,) and in height from the toe of the fore-foot, to the pitch -of the shoulder twelve foot, both which hath been taken by some of -my _sceptique_ Readers to be monstrous lyes. If you consider the -breadth that the beast carrieth, and the magnitude of the horns, -you will be easily induced to contribute your belief. - -What would you say, if I should tell you that in _Greenland_ -there are _Does_ that have as large horns as _Bucks_, their brow -Antlers growing downwards beyond their _Musles_, and broad at the -end wherewith they scrape away the snow to the grass, it being -impossible for them other-wayes to live in those cold Countries; -the head of one of these _Does_ was sometime since nailed upon -a sign-post in _Charter-house-lane_, and these following verses -written upon a board underneath it. - - _Like a_ Bucks_-head I stand in open view, - And yet am none; nay, wonder not, ’tis true; - The living Beast that these fair horns did owe - Well known to many, was a_ Green-land Doe - _The proverb old is here fulfill’d in me, - That every like is not the same you see._ - -And for their height since I came into _England_ I have read Dr. -_Scroderns_ his Chymical dispensatory translated into _English_ -by Dr. _Rowland_, where he writes _that when he lived in_ Finland -_under_ Gustavus Horn, _he saw an_ Elke _that was killed and -presented to_ Gustavus _his Mother, seventeen spans high_. Law you -now Sirs of the Gibing crue, if you have any skill in mensuration, -tell me what difference there is between Seventeen spans and twelve -foot. There are certain transcendentia in every Creature, which are -the indelible Characters of God, and which discover God; There’s -a prudential for you, as _John Rhodes_ the Fisherman used to say -to his mate, _Kitt Lux_. But to go on with the _Moose_; they are -accounted a kind of Deer, and have three _Calves_ at a time, which -they hide a mile asunder too, as other Deer do, their skins make -excellent Coats for Martial men, their sinews which are as [p. -90.] big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughness and much -used by the _Indians_, the bone that growes upon their heart is an -excellent Cordial, their bloud is as thick as an _Asses_ or _Bulls_ -who have the thickest bloud of all others, a man the thinnest. -To what age they live I know not, certainly a long time in their -proper climate. _Some particular living Creatures cannot live in -every particular place or region, especially with the same joy -and felicity as it did where it was first bred, for the certain -agreement of nature that is between the place and the thing bred in -that place: As appeareth by_ Elephants_, which being translated and -brought out of the Second or Third Climate, though they may live, -yet will they never ingender or bring forth young._ So for plants, -Birds, _&c._ Of both these Creatures, some few there have been -brought into _England_, but did not long continue. Sir _R. Baker_ -in his Chronicle tells us of an _Elephant_ in _Henry_ the Thirds -Raign, which he saith was the first that was ever seen there, which -as it seems is an error, unless he restrain it to the _Norman’s_ -time. For Mr. _Speed_ writeth that _Claudius Drusius_ Emperour of -_Rome_ brought in the first in his Army; the bones of which digg’d -up since are taken for Gyants bones. As for the _Moose_ the first -that was seen in _England_, [p. 91.] was in King _Charles_ the -First Raign; thus much for these magnals amongst the Creatures of -God to be wondered at, the next beast to be mentioned is - -The _Maurouse_, which is somewhat like a _Moose_, but his horns are -but small, and himself about the size of a _Stag_, these are the -Deer that the flat-footed _Wolves_ hunt after. - -The _Maccarib_ is a Creature not found that ever I heard yet, but -upon _Cape-Sable_ near to the _French_ plantations. - -The _Bear_ when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature, they bring -forth their Cubs in _March_, hunted with doggs they take a Tree -where they shoot them, when he is fat he is excellent Venison, -which is in _Acorn_ time, and in winter, but then there is none -dares to attempt to kill him but the _Indian_. He makes his Denn -amongst thick Bushes, thrusting in here and there store of _Moss_, -which being covered with snow and melting in the day time with heat -of the Sun, in the night is frozen into a thick coat of Ice; the -mouth of his Den is very narrow, here they lye single, never two -in a Den all winter. The _Indian_ as soon as he finds them, creeps -in upon all four, seizes with his left hand upon the neck of the -sleeping _Bear_, drags him to the mouth of [p. 92.] the Den, where -with a club or small hatchet in his right hand he knocks out his -brains before he can open his eyes to see his enemy. But sometimes -they are too quick for the _Indians_, as one amongst them called -black Robin lighting upon a male _Bear_ had a piece of his buttock -torn off before he could fetch his blow: their grease is very -soveraign. One Mr. _Purchase_ cured himself of the _Sciatica_ with -_Bears_-greefe, keeping some of it continually in his groine. It -is good too for swell’d Cheeks upon cold, for Rupture of the hands -in winter, for limbs taken suddenly with _Sciatica_, _Gout_, or -other diseases that cannot stand upright nor go, bed-rid; it must -be well chaft in, and the same cloth laid on still; it prevents the -shedding of the hair occasioned by the coldness of winters weather; -and the yard of a _Bear_ which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie, is -good for to expell Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, as I was -there told by one Mr. _Abraham Philater_ a _Jersey-man_. - -The _Beaver_ or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature, lives upon the -land as well as in the water. I suppose they feed upon fish, but am -sure that the Bark of Trees is also their food; there is an old -proverbial saying, _sic me jubes quotidie, ut fiber salicem_: you -love me as the _Beaver_ doth the willow; [p. 93.] who eateth the -Bark and killeth the Tree. They will be tame, witness the _Beaver_ -that not long since was kept at _Boston_ in the _Massachusets-Bay_, -and would run up and down the streets, returning home without a -call. Their skins are highly valued, and their stones are good for -the palsie, trembling, and numbness of the hands, boiling of them -in Oyl of _Spike_, and anointing the sinews in the neck. If you -take of _Castorium_ two drams, of womans hair one dram, and with -a little Rozen of the _Pine_-Tree, make it up into pills as big -as Filberts and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one -at a time laid upon coals under her nostrils, it will recover her -out of her fit. The grease of a _Beaver_ is good for the Nerves, -Convulsions, Epilepsies, Apoplexies _&c._ The tail as I have said -in another Treatise, is very fat and of a masculine vertue, as good -as _Eringo’s_ or _Satyrion_-Roots. - -The _Otter_ or River-_Dog_ is Amphibious too, he hunteth for his -kind in the spring, and bringeth forth his whelps as the _Beaver_ -doth, they are generally black, and very numerous, they are -hunted in _England_ from _Shrovetide_ untill _Midsummer_, but in -_New-England_ they take them when they can. The skin of an _Otter_ -is worth Ten Shillings, [p. 94.] and the Gloves made thereof are -the best fortification for the hands against wet weather that can -be thought of, the furr is excellent for muffs, and is almost as -dear as _Beaver_, the grease of an _Otter_ will make fish turn up -their bellies, and is of rare use for many things. - -The _Hare_, I have no more to write of them than that they -kindle in hollow Trees. What else concerns him, or any of the -fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my _New-Englands_ rarities, to -which I refer you. - -The _Porcupine_ likewise I have treated of, only this I forgot to -acquaint you with, that they lay Eggs, and are good meat. - -The last kind of Beasts are they that are begot by equivocal -generation, as _Mules_ and several others, that when the Beasts -were brought by the Almighty Creator to _Adam_, who gave them -names, were not then in _rerum natura_. Of these there are not many -known in _New-England_. I know but of one, and that is the _Indian_ -dog begotten betwixt a _Wolf_ and a _Fox_, or between a _Fox_ and -a _Wolf_, which they made use of, taming of them, and bringing of -them up to hunt with, but since the _English_ came amongst them -they have gotten store of our dogs, which they bring up and keep in -as much subjection as they do their webbs. - -[p. 95.] Of birds there are not many more than 120 kinds as our -Naturalists have conjectured, but I think they are deceived; they -are divided into land-birds and water-birds, the land-birds again -into birds of prey, birds for meat, singing-birds and others. - -The _Pilhannaw_ is the King of Birds of prey in _New-England_, some -take him to be a kind of _Eagle_, others for the _Indian-Ruck_ -the biggest Bird that is, except the _Ostrich_. One Mr. _Hilton_ -living at _Pascataway_, had the hap to kill one of them: being by -the Sea-side he perceived a great shadow over his head, the Sun -shining out clear, calling up his eyes he saw a monstrous Bird -soaring aloft in the air, and of a sudden all the _Ducks_ and -_Geese_, (there being then a great many) dived under water, nothing -of them appearing but their heads. Mr. _Hilton_ having made readie -his piece, shot and brought her down to the ground, how he disposed -of her I know not, but had he taken her alive & sent her over into -_England_, neither _Bartholomew_ nor _Sturbridge_-Fair could have -produced such another sight. - -_Hawkes_ there are of several kinds, as _Goshawkes_, _Falcons_, -_Laniers_, _Sparrow-hawkes_, and a little black _hawke_ highly -prized by the _Indians_ who wear them on their [p. 96.] heads, and -is accounted of worth sufficient to ransome a _Sagamour_: they are -so strangely couragious and hardie, that nothing flyeth in the Air -that they will not bind with. I have seen them tower so high, that -they have been so small that scarcely could they be taken by the -eye. _Hawkes_ grease is very good for sore eyes. - -The _Osprey_ I have treated of. There is a small Ash-colour Bird -that is shaped like a _Hawke_ with talons and beak that falleth -upon _Crowes_, mounting up into the Air after them, and will beat -them till they make them cry. - -The _Vulture_ or _Geire_, which is spoken of in _Levit._ 11. -14. and called a _Gripe_, their skins are good to line doublets -with, and the bones of their head hung about the neck helpeth the -head-ach. - -The _Gripe_; see _New Englands_ rarities, and for the -_Turkie_-buzzard. - -The _Owl_ the most flagging Bird that is, of which there are three -sorts, a great grey _Owl_ with ears, a little grey _Owl_, and a -white _Owl_, which is no bigger than a _Thrush_. _Plinie_ writes -that the brains of an _Owl_ asswageth the pain & inflammation -in the lap of the ear. And that Eggs of an _Owl_ put into the -liquour that a tospot useth to be drunk with, will make him loath -drunkenness [p. 97.] ever after. But now peradventure some will -say, what doth this man mean to bring _Owls_ to _Athens_? verily -Sirs I presume to say, had I brought over of the little white -_Owls_ they would have been acceptable, they are good mousers, and -pretty Birds to look upon; the _Athenians_, no question are better -imployed than to take notice of my _Owls_, poor ragged Birds they -are and want those glittering golden feathers that _Draiton’s -Owl_ is adorned with, yet they are somewhat of that nature; if an -_Athenian_ chance in this season of divertisement to cast an eye -upon them I shall be glad, but more glad if he vouchsafe to prune -and correct their feathers, which I confess are discomposed for -want of Art; plain Birds they are, and fit for none but plain men -to manage. Sirs do not mistake me, there’s no man living honours -an _Athenian_ more than I do, especially where I perceive great -abilities concomiting with goodness of nature: A good nature (saith -Mr. _Perkins_) is the Character of God, and God is the father of -learning, knowledge, and every good gift, and hath condescended -to become a School-master to us poor mortals, furnishing of us -with Philosophy, Historie, Divinity by his holy Scriptures, which -if we diligently learn and practise, we shall in [p. 98.] time be -brought into his Heavenly Academy, where we shall have fulness and -perfection of knowledge eternally. But there are a Generation of -men and women in this prophane age that despise Gods learning and -his Ushers to the _Athenians_, choosing to wallow in the pleasures -of sin for a season. I shall conclude this excursion, with that -which a Poet writ sometime since, and then return to the trimming -of my _Owl_. - - _Say thou pour’st them Wheat, - And they would_ Acorns _eat; - ’Twere simple fury in thee still to wast - Thy self, on them that have no tast; - No, give them draff their fill, - Husks, Grains and swill; - They that love Lees and leave the lustie Wine, - Envy them not, their palats with the Swine._ - -The _Raven_ is here numerous and Crowes, but _Rooks_, _Danes_, -_Popinjaes_, _Megpies_ there be none. It is observed that the -female of all Birds of prey and Ravin is ever bigger than the male, -more venturous, hardy, and watchful: but such Birds as do not live -by prey and Ravin, the male is more large than the female. So much -for Birds of prey, the next are Birds for the dish, and the first -of these is, - -[p. 99.] The _Turkie_, which is in _New-England_ a very large Bird, -they breed twice or thrice in a year, if you would preserve the -young Chickens alive, you must give them no water, for if they come -to have their fill of water they will drop away strangely, and you -will never be able to rear any of them: they are excellent meat, -especially a _Turkie-Capon_ beyond that, for which Eight shillings -was given, their Eggs are very wholesome and restore decayed nature -exceedingly. But the _French_ say they breed the Leprosie; the -Indesses make Coats of _Turkie_-feathers woven for their Children. - -The _Partridge_ is larger than ours, white flesht, but very dry, -they are indeed a sort of _Partridges_ called _Grooses_. - -The _Pidgeon_, of which there are millions of millions, I have seen -a flight of _Pidgeons_ in the spring, and at _Michaelmas_ when they -return back to the Southward for four or five miles, that to my -thinking had neither beginning nor ending, length nor breadth, and -so thick that I could see no Sun, they joyn Nest to Nest, and Tree -to Tree by their Nests many miles together in _Pine_-Trees. But of -late they are much diminished, the _English_ taking them with Nets. -I have bought at _Boston_ a dozen of _Pidgeons_ ready pull’d and -garbidgd for three pence, [p. 100.] Ring-_Doves_ they say are there -too, but I could never see any. - -The _Snow_-Bird is like a _Chaf-Finch_, go in flocks and are good -meat. - -The singing Birds are _Thrushes_ with red breasts, which will be -very fat and are good meat, so are the _Thressels_, _Filladies_ -are small singing Birds, _Ninmurders_ little yellow Birds. -_New-England_ Nightingales painted with orient colours, black, -white, blew, yellow, green and scarlet, and sing sweetly, -_Wood-larks_, _Wrens_, _Swallows_, who will sit upon Trees, and -_Starlings_ black as _Ravens_ with scarlet pinions; other sorts of -Birds there are, as the _Troculus_, _Wag-tail_, or _Dish-water_, -which is here of a brown colour, _Titmouse_ two or three sorts, the -Dunneck or hedge-_Sparrow_ who is starke naked in his winter nest. -The golden or yellow hammer, a Bird about the bigness of a _Thrush_ -that is all over as red as bloud, Wood-_Peckers_ of two or three -sorts, gloriously set out with variety of glittering colours. The -_Colibry_, _Viemalin_, or rising or waking Bird, an Emblem of the -Resurrection, and the wonder of little Birds. - -The water-fowl are these that follow, _Hookers_ or wild-_Swans_, -_Cranes_, _Geese_ of three sorts, grey, white, and the brant -_Goose_, the first and last are best meat, the white are [p. 101.] -lean and tough and live a long time; whereupon the proverb, Older -than a white _Goose_; of the skins of the necks of grey _Geese_ -with their Bills the _Indians_ makes Mantles and Coverlets sowing -them together and they shew prettily. There be four sorts of -_Ducks_, a black _Duck_, a brown _Duck_ like our wild _Ducks_, a -grey _Duck_, and a great black and white _Duck_, these frequent -Rivers and Ponds; but of _Ducks_ there be many more sorts, -as _Hounds_, old _Wives_, _Murres_, _Doies_, _Shell-drakes_, -_Shoulers_ or _Shoflers_, _Widgeons_, _Simps_, _Teal_, Blew wing’d, -and green wing’d, Divers or _Didapers_, or _Dip-chicks_, _Fenduck_, -_Duckers_ or _Moorhens_, _Coots_, _Pochards_, a water-fowl like -a _Duck_, _Plungeons_, a kind of water-fowl with a long reddish -Bill, _Puets_, _Plovers_, _Smethes_, _Wilmotes_, a kind of _Teal_, -_Godwits_, _Humilities_, _Knotes_, _Red-Shankes_, _Wobbles_, -_Loones_, _Gulls_, white _Gulls_, or Sea-_Cobbs_, _Caudemandies_, -_Herons_, grey _Bitterns_, _Ox-eyes_, _Birds_ called _Oxen_ and -_Keen_, _Petterels_, _Kings fishers_, which breed in the spring -in holes in the Sea-banks, being unapt to propagate in Summer, by -reason of the driness of their bodies, which becomes more moist -when their pores are closed by cold. Most of these Fowls and Birds -are eatable. There are little Birds that frequent the Sea-shore in -flocks called _Sanderlins_, [p. 102.] they are about the bigness of -a _Sparrow_, and in the fall of the leaf will be all fat; when I -was first in the Countrie the _English_ cut them into small pieces -to put into their Puddings instead of suet, I have known twelve -score and above kill’d at two shots. I have not done yet, we must -not forget the _Cormorant_, _Shape_ or _Sharke_; though I cannot -commend them to our curious palats, the _Indians_ will eat them -when they are fley’d, they take them prettily, they roost in the -night upon some Rock that lyes out in the Sea, thither the _Indian_ -goes in his Birch-_Canow_ when the Moon shines clear, and when he -is come almost to it, he lets his _Canow_ drive on of it self, when -he is come under the Rock he shoves his Boat along till he come -just under the _Cormorants_ watchman, the rest being asleep, and -so soundly do sleep that they will snore like so many Piggs; the -_Indian_ thrusts up his hand of a sudden, grasping the watchman -so hard round about his neck that he cannot cry out; as soon as -he hath him in his _Canow_ he wrings off his head, and making his -_Canow_ fast, he clambreth to the top of the Rock, where walking -softly he takes them up as he pleaseth, still wringing off their -heads; when he hath slain as many as his _Canow_ can carry, he -gives a shout [p. 103.] which awakens the surviving _Cormorants_, -who are gone in an instant. - -The next Creatures that you are to take notice of, are they that -live in the Element of water. _Pliny_ reckons them to be of 177 -kinds, but certainly if it be true that there is no Beast upon -Earth, which hath not his like in the Sea, and which (perhaps) is -not in some part parallel’d in the plants of the Earth; we may by -a diligent search find out many more: of the same opinion is the -Poet, who saith that it is - - _Affirm’d by some that what on Earth we find, - The Sea can parallell in shape and kind._ - -Divine _Dubertus_ goes further. - - _You Divine wits of elder dayes, from whom - The deep invention of rare works hath come, - Took you not pattern of our chiefest Tooles - Out of the lap of_ Thetis, _Lakes, and Pools? - Which partly in the Waves, part on the edges - Of craggy Rocks, among their ragged sedges, - Bring forth abundance of Pins, Spincers, spokes, - Pikes, piercers, needles, mallets, pipes & yoaks, - Oars, sails & swords, saws, wedges, razors, rammers, - Plumes, cornets, knives, wheels, vices, horns and hammers._ - -[p. 104.] Psalm 104.25, 26. _In ipso mari magno & spatioso, illic -reptilia sunt atque innumera animantia parva cum magnis. Illic -navea ambulant; balæna quam formasti ludendo in eo._ - -And as the females amongst Beasts and Birds of prey for form and -beautie surpass the males, so do they especially amongst fishes; -and those I intend to treat of, I shall divide into salt-water -fish, and fresh-water fish. - -The Sea that _Piscina mirabilis_ affords us the greatest number, -of which I shall begin first with the Whale a regal fish, as all -fishes of extraordinary size are accounted, of these there are (as -I have said in another place) seven kinds, the Ambergreese-_Whale_ -the chiefest. _Anno Dom._ 1668 the 17 of _July_ there was one -of them thrown up on the shore between _Winter-harbour_ and -_Cape-porpus_, about eight mile from the place where I lived, -that was five and fifty foot long. They are Creatures of a vast -magnitude and strength. The Royal Psalmist, in the 148 psalm, and -the 7 verse, _makes mention of them_. _Laudate Jehovam terrestria; -Cete (Dracones as some translate it) & omnes abyssi. And Moses in -his history of_ Job, Job 41. 1. _An extrahas balænam hamo_, &c. [p. -105.] _Whereby the subtlety of the Devil is shewed, as also, the -greatness and brutishness of the Devil by the Elephant, in the_ 10 -_verse of the foregoing Chapter. In the book of_ Jonas _prophecies -we read of a great fish_, Jonah 1. 17. _Pararat autem Jehova piscem -magnum, qui obsorberet Jonam. But whether this were a Whale or -not is questioned by some. In the head (saith Mr._ Parkinson _the -Herbalist) of one only sort of Whale-fish is found that which is -called_ sperma Cæti, _it lyes in a hole therein, as it were a Well, -taken out and prest that the oyl may come out, the substance is -that we use for_ sperma Cæti, _and hath little or no smell, the oyl -smells strong. See the rarities of_ New-England. - -The _Sea-hare_ is as big as _Grampus_ or _Herrin-hog_, and as white -as a sheet; There hath been of them in _Black-point_-Harbour, & -some way up the river, but we could never take any of them, several -have shot sluggs at them, but lost their labour. - -The _Sturgeon_ is a Regal fish too, I have seen of them that have -been sixteen foot in length: of their sounds they make _Isinglass_, -which melted in the mouth is excellent to seal letters. - -_Sharkes_ there are infinite store, who tear the Fishermens nets -to their great loss and hinderance; they are of two sorts, one -flat [p. 106.] headed, the other long-snouted, the pretious stone -in their heads (soveraign for the stone in a man) so much coveted -by the travelling Chirurgeon is nought else but the brains of -the flat-headed _Sharke_. With these we may joyn the Dog-fish or -Thorn-hound, who hath two long sharp prickles on his back. - -The _Sea-horse_ or _Morse_ is a kind of monster-fish numerous about -the Isle of _Sables_, i. e. The sandy Isle. An Amphibious Creature -kill’d for their Teeth and Oyl, never brings forth more than two -at a birth; as also doth the Soil and Manate or Cow-fish which is -supposed to be the Sea-monster spoken of by _Jeremy_, _Lament._ 4. -3. _Etiam phocæ præbent mammam, lactant catulos suos; So the Latins -render it_, phoca _a Sea-Calf or Soil_. - -The small _Sword-fish_ is very good meat, the _Sea-bat_ or -_Sea-owl_ a kind of flying fish. - -_Negroes_ or _Sea-Devils_ a very ugly fish, having a black scale, -there are three sorts of them, one a hideous fish, another about -two foot long; of these I have seen store in _Black-point_ Harbour -in the water, but never attempted to take any of them. - -_Squids_ a soft fish somewhat like a cudgel, their horns like a -_Snails_, which sometimes are found to be of an incredible length, -[p. 107.] this fish is much used for bait to catch a _Cod_, -_Hacke_, _Polluck_, and the like Sea-fish. - -The _Dolphin_, _Bonito_, or _Dozado_, the ashes of their teeth -mixed with honey, is good to asswage the pain of breeding teeth in -Children. - -The _Sea-bream_, _Dorado_, or _Amber-fish_, they follow ships as -doth the _Dolphin_, and are good meat. - -The _Mackarel_, of which there is choicefull plenty all summer -long, in the spring they are ordinarily 18 inches long, afterwards -there is none taken but what are smaller. - -The _Liver-fish_ like a _Whiting_. - -The _Herrin_ which are numerous, they take of them all summer -long. In _Anno Dom._ 1670. they were driven into _Black-point_ -Harbour by other great fish that prey upon them so near the shore, -that they threw themselves (it being high water) upon dry land in -such infinite numbers that we might have gone up half way the leg -amongst them for near a quarter of a mile. We used to qualifie a -pickled _Herrin_ by boiling of him in milk. - -The _Alewife_ is like a _herrin_, but has a bigger bellie therefore -called an _Alewife_, they come in the end of _April_ into fresh [p. -108.] Rivers and Ponds; there hath been taken in two hours time -by two men without any Weyre at all, saving a few stones to stop -the passage of the River, above ten thousand. The _Italian_ hath -a proverb, that he that hath seen one miracle will easily believe -another; but this relation far from a miracle will peranter meet, -instead of a belief with an Adulterate construction from those -that are somewhat akin to St. _Peters_ mockers, such as deny the -last judgement. I have known in _England_ 9 score and 16 _Pikes_ -and _Pickarel_ taken with three Angles between the hours of three -and ten in the morning, in the River _Owse_ in the Isle of _Ely_, -three quarters of a yard long above half of them; they make red -_Alewives_ after the same manner as they do _herrins_ and are as -good. - -The _Basse_ is a salt water fish too, but most an end taken in -Rivers where they spawn, there hath been 3000 _Basse_ taken at a -set, one writes that the fat in the bone of a _Basses_ head is his -brains which is a lye. - -The _Salmon_ likewise is a Sea-fish, but as the _Basse_ comes into -Rivers to spawn, a _Salmon_ the first year is a _Salmon-smelt_; -The second a _Mort_; The third a _Spraid_; The fourth a _Soar_; -The fifth a _Sorrel_; The sixth [p. 109.] a _forket tail_; and -the seventh year a _Salmon_. There are another sort of _Salmon_ -frequent in those parts called white _Salmons_. - -_Capeling_ is a small fish like a smelt. - -The _Turtle_ or _Tortoise_ is of two sorts Sea-_Turtles_ and -land-_Turtles_: of Sea-_Turtles_ there are five sorts, of -land-_Turtles_ three sorts, one of which is a right land-_turtle_ -that seldom or never goes into the water, the other two being the -River-_Turtle_, and the pond-_Turtle_: there are many of these in -the brooke _Chyson_ in the _Holy land_. The ashes of a Sea-_Turtle_ -mixt with oyl or _Bears_-grease causeth hair to grow: the shell of -a land-_Turtle_ burnt and the ashes dissolved in wine and oyl to an -unguent healeth chaps and sores of the feet: the flesh burnt and -the ashes mixt with wine and oyl healeth sore legs: the ashes of -the burnt shell and the whites of eggs compounded together healeth -chaps in womens nipples; and the head pulverized with it prevents -the falling of the hair, and will heal the Hemorrhoids, first -washing of them with white-wine, and then strewing on the powder. - -_Lobster_, which some say is at first a _whelk_, I have seen a -_Lobster_ that weighed twenty pound, they cast their shell-coats -in the spring, and so do _Crabs_; having underneath a thin red -skin which growes thicker and [p. 110.] hard in short time. The -_Indians_ feed much upon this fish, some they rost, and some they -dry as they do _Lampres_ and _Oysters_ which are delicate breakfast -meat so ordered, the _Oysters_ are long shell’d, I have had of them -nine inches long from the joynt to the toe, containing an _Oyster_ -like those the Latines called _Tridacuan_ that were to be cut into -three pieces before they could get them into their mouths, very fat -and sweet. - -The _Muscle_ is of two sorts, Sea-_muscles_ in which they find -Pearl and river-_muscles_. Sea-_muscles_ dryed and pulverized and -laid upon the sores of the _Piles_ and _hemorrhoids_ with oyl will -perfectly cure them. - -The _Whore_ is a shell-fish, the shells are called whores-eggs, -being fine round white shells, in shape like a _Mexico_ pompion, -but no bigger than a good large Hens-egg; they are wrought down the -sides with little knobs and holes very prettily, but are but thin -and brittle. - -The _Perriwig_ is a shell-fish that lyeth in the Sands flat and -round as a shovel-board piece and very little thicker; these at a -little hole in the middle of the shell thrust out a cap of hair, -but upon the least motion of any danger it drawes it in again. - -_Trouts_ there be good store in every brook, ordinarily two and -twenty inches [p. 111.] long, their grease is good for the _Piles_ -and _clifts_. - -The _Eal_ is of two sorts, salt-water _Eals_ and fresh-water -_Eals_; these again are distinguished into yellow bellied _Eals_ -and silver bellied _Eals_; I never eat better _Eals_ in no part of -the world that I have been in, than are here. They that have no -mind or leasure to take them, may buy of an _Indian_ half a dozen -silver bellied _Eals_ as big as those we usually give 8 pence or 12 -pence a piece for at _London_, for three pence or a groat. There -is several wayes of cooking them, some love them roasted, others -baked, and many will have them fryed; but they please my palate -best when they are boiled, a common way it is to boil them in half -water, half wine with the bottom of a manchet, a fagot of Parsley, -and a little winter savory, when they are boiled they take them -out and break the bread in the broth, and put to it three or four -spoonfuls of yest, and a piece of sweet butter, this they pour to -their _Eals_ laid upon sippets and so serve it up. I fancie my way -better which is this, after the _Eals_ are fley’d and washt I fill -their bellies with Nutmeg grated and Cloves a little bruised, and -sow them up with a needle and thred, then I stick a Clove here and -there in their sides about an inch asunder, [p. 112.] making holes -for them with a bodkin, this done I wind them up in a wreath and -put them into a kettle with half water and half white wine-vinegar, -so much as will rise four fingers above the _Eals_, in midst of the -_Eals_ I put the bottom of a penny white loaf, and a fagot of these -herbs following, Parsley one handful, a little sweet Marjoram, -Peniroyal and Savory, a branch of Rosemary, bind them up with a -thred, and when they are boiled enough take out the _Eals_ and -pull out the threds that their bellies were sowed up with, turn -out the Nutmeg and Cloves, put the _Eals_ in a dish with butter -and vinegar upon a chafing-dish with coals to keep warm, then put -into the broth three or four spoonfuls of good Ale-yeast with the -juice of half a Lemmon; but before you put in your yeast beat it in -a porringer with some of the broth, then break the crust of bread -very small and mingle it well together with the broth, pour it into -a deep dish and garnish it with the other half of the Lemmon, and -so serve them up to the Table in two dishes. - -The _Frost fish_ is little bigger than a _Gudgeon_ and are taken -in fresh brooks; when the waters are frozen they make a hole in -the Ice about half a yard or yard wide, to which the fish repair -in great numbers, where with [p. 113.] small nets bound to a hoop -about the bigness of a firkin-hoop with a staff fastned to it they -lade them out of the hole. I have not done with the fish yet, -being willing to let you know all of them that are to be seen and -catch’d in the Sea and fresh waters in _New-England_, and because I -will not tire your patience overmuch, having no occasion to enlarge -my discourse, I shall only name them and so conclude. - - _Aleport_ - _Albicore_ - _Barracha_ - _Barracontha_ - _Blew-fish_ - _Bull-head_ - _Bur-fish_ - _Cat-fish_ - _Cony-fish_ - _Cusk_ - _Clam_ - _Rock-Cod_ - _Sea-Cod_ - _divers kinds of Crabs_ - _Sea-Cucumber_ - _Cunner_ - _Sea-Darts or Javelins_ - _Flail-fish_ - _Flounder or Flowke_ - _Flying-fish_ - _several kinds Sea-Flea_ - _Grandpisse_ - _Hake_ - _Haddock_ - _Horse-foot_ - _Hallibut_ - _Hen-fish_ - _Lampre_ - _Limpin_ - _Lumpe_ - _Maid_ - _Monk-fish_ - _Sea-mullet_ - _Nun-fish_ - _Perch_ - _Polluck_ - _Periwincle_ - _Pike_ - _Pilat-fish_ - _Plaice_ - _Porpisse_ - _Prawne_ - _Purple-fish_ - _Porgee_ - _Remora_ - _Sea-Raven_ - _Sail-fish_ - _Scallop_ - [p. 114.] _Scate_ - _Stingray_ - _Sculpin_ - _Shadd_ - _Spurlin_ - _Sheath-fish_ - _Smelt_ - _Shrimps_ - _Sprates_ - _Star-fish_ - _Swordfish_ - _Thornback_ - _Turbet_ - _The Ulatife or saw-fish_ - _Sea-Urchin_ - _Sea-Unichorn_ - -The fish are swum by, and the Serpents are creeping on, terrible -creatures, carrying stings in their tails. That will smart worse -than a _Satyrs_ whip, though it were as big as Mr. _Shepperds_ the -mad Gentleman at _Milton-Mowbrayes Constantinus Lasculus_. - -The chief or Captain of these is the Rattle-snake described already -in my Journal, in some places of the Countrey there are none as at -_Plimouth_, _New-town_, _Nahant_ and some other places, they will -live on one side of the River, and but swimming over and coming -into the woods dye immediately. - -The fat of a Rattle-snake is very Soveraign for frozen limbs, -bruises, lameness by falls, Aches, Sprains. The heart of a -Rattle-snake dried and pulverized and drunk with wine or beer is an -approved remedy against the biting and venome of a Rattle-snake. -Some body will give me thanks for [p. 115.] discovering these -secrets and the rest; _Non omnibus omnia conveniant_. - -The _Snake_ of which there are infinite numbers of various colours, -some black, others painted with red, yellow and white, some again -of a grass-green colour powdered all over as it were with silver -dust or _Muscovie_-glass. But there is one sort that exceeds all -the rest, and that is the Checkquered snake, having as many colours -within the checkquers shaddowing one another, as there are in a -Rainbow. There are two sorts of snakes, the land-snake and the -water-snake; the water-snake will be as big about the belly as the -Calf of a mans leg; I never heard of any mischief that snakes did, -they kill them sometimes for their skins and bones to make hatbands -off, their skins likewise worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie -against the cramp. I have found of the skins that they cast in -woods in some quantity, they cast not their very skins, but only -the superfluous thin skin that is upon the very skin, for the very -skin is basted to the flesh, so Lobsters and Crabs. - -The Earth-worm, these are very rare and as small as a horse hair, -but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and eateth the seed, -that is somewhat like a Maggot of a white colour with a red head, -and is about [p. 116.] the bigness of ones finger and an inch or -an inch and half long. There is also a dark dunnish Worm or Bug of -the bigness of an Oaten-straw, and an inch long, that in the spring -lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day, and in the night -creep out and devour them; these in some years destroy abundance of -_Indian_ Corn and Garden plants, and they have but one way to be -rid of them, which the _English_ have learnt of the _Indians_; And -because it is somewhat strange, I shall tell you how it is, they go -out into a field or garden with a Birchen-dish, and spudling the -earth about the roots, for they lye not deep, they gather their -dish full which may contain about a quart or three pints, then they -carrie the dish to the Sea-side when it is ebbing-water and set it -a swimming, the water carrieth the dish into the Sea and within a -day or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes out -sooner than find any of them. - -_Sow-bugs_ or _Millipedes_ there be good store, but none of that -sort that are blew and turn round as a pea when they are touched; -neither are there any _Beetles_ nor _Maple-bugs_, but a stinking -black and red _Bug_ called a _Cacarooch_ or _Cockroach_, and a -little black _Bug_ like a _Lady-cow_ that breeds in skins and -furrs and will eat them to their [p. 117.] utter spoil. Likewise -there be infinite numbers of _Tikes_ hanging upon the bushes in -summer time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into his -Breeches eating themselves in a short time into the very flesh of -a man. I have seen the stockins of those that have gone through -the woods covered with them. Besides these there is a _Bug_, but -whether it be a Native to the Countrie or a stranger I cannot -say: Some are of opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant -with Spanish goods, they infest our beds most, all day they hide -themselves, but when night comes they will creep to the sleeping -wretch and bite him worse than a flea, which raiseth a swelling -knub that will itch intolerably, if you scratch it waxeth bigger -and growes to a scab; and if you chance to break one of the _Bugs_ -it will stink odiously: they call them _Chinches_ or _Wood-lice_, -they are fat, red and in shape like a _Tike_ and no bigger. There -are also Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller, these some -years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as naked almost -as in winter, they do much harm in the _English_ Orchards. Of -_Snails_ there are but few, and those very little ones, they lye at -the Roots of long grass in moist places, and are no where else to -be found. [p. 118.] Spiders and Spinners there be many, the last -very big and of several colours. - -The Pismire or Ant must not be forgotten, accounted the least -Creature, and by _Salomon_ commended for its wisdom, Prov. 30. 24, -25. _Quatuor ista parva sunt humilia, tamen sunt sapientia, apprime -sapientia: formicæ populus infirmus, quæ comparant æstate cibum -suum_, &c. There are two sorts, red Ants and black Ants, both of -them are many times found winged; not long since they were poured -upon the Sands out of the clouds in a storm betwixt _Black-point_ -and _Saco_, where the passenger might have walkt up to the Ankles -in them. - -The Grashopper is innumerable and bigger by much than ours in -_England_, having Tinsel-wings, with help whereof they will flye -and skip a great way. Next to these in number are your Crickets, a -man can walk no where in the summer but he shall tread upon them; -The _Italian_ who hath them cryed up and down the streets (_Grille -che cantelo_) and buyeth them to put into his Gardens, if he were -in _New-England_ would gladly be rid of them, they make such a dinn -in an Evening. I could never discover the Organ of their voice, -they have a little clift in their Crown which opens, and at the -same instant they shake their wings. - -[p. 119.] The Eft or Swift in _New-England_ is a most beautiful -Creature to look upon, being larger than ours, and painted with -glorious colours; but I lik’d him never the better for it. - -Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land, they chirp like -Birds in the spring, and latter end of summer croak like Toads. -It is admirable to consider the generating of these Creatures, -first they lay their gelly on the water in ponds and still waters, -which comes in time to be full of black spots as broad as the head -of a Ten-penny nail, and round, these separate themselves from -the gleir, and after a while thrust out a tail, then their head -comes forth, after their head springs out their fore-legs, and -then their hinder-legs, then their tail drops off, and growes to -have a head and four legs too, the first proves a frog, the latter -a water nuet. The Herbalist useth to say by way of admiration, -_quælibet herba deum &c._ So God is seen in the production of these -small Creatures which are a part of the Creation; _Laudate Jehovam -cælites, laudate eum in excelsis_, &c. _Laudent nomen Jehovæ quæ -ipso præcipiente illico creata sunt_ &c. _ipsæ bestiæ & omnes -jumenta, reptilia & aves alatæ_, Psal. 148. - -The Toad is of two sorts, one that is [p. 120.] speckled with -white, and another of a dark earthy colour; there is of them that -will climb up into Trees and sit croaking there; but whether it be -of a third sort, or one of the other, or both, I am not able to -affirm; but this I can testifie that there be Toads of the dark -coloured kind that are as big as a groat loaf. Which report will -not swell into the belief of my sceptique Sirs; nor that there -is a Hell, being like _Salomon’s_ fool, Prov. 26. 22. _Sed si -contunderes stultum in mortario cum mola pistillo, non recederet ab -eo stultitia ejus._ - -Now before I proceed any further, I must (to prevent -misconstructions) tell you that these following Creatures, though -they be not properly accounted Serpents, yet they are venomous -and pestilent Creatures. As, first the Rat, but he hath been -brought in since the _English_ came thither, but the Mouse is -a Native, of which there are several kinds not material to be -described; the Bat or flitter mouse is bigger abundance than any in -_England_ and swarm, which brings me to the insects or cut-wasted -Creatures again, as first the honey-Bee, which are carried over -by the _English_ and thrive there exceedingly, in time they may -be produced from Bullocks when the wild Beasts are destroyed. -But the wasp is [p. 121.] common, and they have a sort of wild -humble-Bee that breed in little holes in the earth. Near upon -twenty years since there lived an old planter at _Black-point_, -who on a Sun-shine day about one of the clock lying upon a green -bank not far from his house, charged his Son, a lad of 12 years of -age to awaken him when he had slept two hours, the old man falls -asleep and lying upon his back gaped with his mouth wide enough for -a Hawke to shit into it; after a little while the lad sitting by -spied a humble-Bee creeping out of his Fathers mouth, which taking -wing flew quite out of sight, the hour as the lad ghest being come -to awaken his Father he jogg’d him and called aloud Father, Father, -it is two a clock, but all would not rouse him, at last he sees the -humble-Bee returning, who lighted upon the sleepers lip and walked -down as the lad conceived into his belly, and presently he awaked. - -The Countrey is strangely incommodated with flyes, which the -_English_ call Musketaes, they are like our gnats, they will sting -so fiercely in summer as to make the faces of the _English_ swell’d -and scabby, as if the small pox for the first year. Likewise there -is a small black fly no bigger than a flea, so numerous up in -the Countrey, [p. 122.] that a man cannot draw his breath, but -he will suck of them in: they continue about Thirty dayes say -some, but I say three moneths, and are not only a pesterment but -a plague to the Countrey. There is another sort of fly called a -Gurnipper that are like our horse-flyes, and will bite desperately, -making the bloud to spurt out in great quantity; these trouble -our _English_ Cattle very much, raising swellings as big as an -egg in their hides. The Butterfly is of several sorts and larger -than ours; So are their Dragon-flyes. Glow-worms have here wings, -there are multitudes of them insomuch that in the dark evening -when I first went into the Countrey I thought the whole Heavens -had been on fire, seeing so many sparkles flying in the air: about -_Mount-Carmel_, and the valley of _Acree_ in the _Holy-land_ there -be abundance of them. - -These are taken for _Cantharides_. _Cantharides_ are green flyes by -day, in the night they pass about like a flying Glow-worm with fire -in their tails. - -I have finished now my relation of plants, _&c._ I have taken some -pains in recollecting of them to memory, and setting of them down -for their benefit from whom I may expect thanks; but I believe my -[p. 123.] reward will be according to _Ben Johnsons_ proverbs, -Whistle to a Jade and he will pay you with a fart, Claw a churl by -the britch and he will shit in your fist. - -The people that inhabited this Countrey are judged to be of the -_Tartars_ called _Samonids_ that border upon _Moscovia_, and are -divided into Tribes; those to the East and North-east are called -_Churchers_ and _Tarentines_, and _Monhegans_. To the South are -the _Pequets_ and _Narragansets_. Westward _Connecticuts_ and -_Mowhacks_. To the Northward _Aberginians_ which consist of -_Mattachusets_, _Wippanaps_ and _Tarrentines_. The _Pocanokets_ -live to the West-ward of _Plimouth_. Not long before the _English_ -came into the Countrey, happened a great mortality amongst them, -especially where the _English_ afterwards planted, the East and -Northern parts were sore smitten with the Contagion; first by the -plague, afterwards when the _English_ came by the small pox, the -three Kingdoms or _Sagamorships_ of the _Mattachusets_ were very -populous, having under them seven Dukedoms or petti-_Sagamorships_, -but by the plague were brought from 30000 to 300. There are not -many now to the Eastward, the _Pequots_ were destroyed by the -_English_: the _Mowhacks_ are about five hundred: Their speech -a dialect of the _Tartars_, [p. 124.] (as also is the _Turkish_ -tongue). There is difference between Tongues and Languages, the -division of speech at _Babel_ is most properly called Languages, -the rest Tongues. - -As for their persons they are tall and handsome timber’d people, -out-wristed, pale and lean _Tartarian_ visag’d, black eyed which is -accounted the strongest for sight, and generally black hair’d, both -smooth and curl’d wearing of it long. No beards, or very rarely, -their Teeth are very white, short and even, they account them the -most necessary and best parts of man; And as the _Austreans_ are -known by their great lips, the _Bavarians_ by their pokes under -their chins, the _Jews_ by their goggle eyes, so the _Indians_ by -their flat noses, yet are they not so much deprest as they are to -the Southward. - -The _Indesses_ that are young, are some of them very comely, having -good features, their faces plump and round, and generally plump -of their Bodies, as are the men likewise, and as soft and smooth -as a mole-skin, of reasonable good complexions, but that they dye -themselves tawnie, many prettie Brownetto’s and spider finger’d -Lasses may be seen amongst them. The _Vetula’s_ or old women are -lean and uglie, all of them are of a modest demeanor, considering -their [p. 125.] Savage breeding; and indeed do shame our _English_ -rusticks whose rudeness in many things exceedeth theirs. - -Of disposition very inconstant, crafty, timorous, quick of -apprehension, and very ingenious, soon angry, and so malicious that -they seldom forget an injury, and barbarously cruel, witness their -direful revenges upon one another. Prone to injurious violence -and slaughter, by reason of their bloud dryed up with overmuch -fire, very lecherous proceeding from choller adust and melancholy, -a salt and sharp humour; very fingurative or theevish, and bold -importunate beggars, both Men and Women guilty of Misoxenie or -hatred to strangers, a quality appropriated to the old Brittains, -all of them Cannibals, eaters of humane flesh. And so were formerly -the Heathen-_Irish_, who used to feed upon the Buttocks of Boyes -and Womens Paps; it seems it is natural to Savage people so to do. -I have read in Relations of the _Indians_ amongst the _Spaniards_ -that they would not eat a _Spaniard_ till they had kept him two -or three dayes to wax tender, because their flesh was hard. At -_Martins_ vinyard, an Island that lyes South to _Plimouth_ in the -way to _Virginia_, certain _Indians_ (whilst I was in the Countrey) -seised upon a Boat that put into [p. 126.] a By-_Cove_, kill’d the -men and eat them up in a short time before they were discovered. - -Their houses which they call _Wigwams_, are built with Poles pitcht -into the ground of a round form for most part, sometimes square, -they bind down the tops of their poles, leaving a hole for smoak -to go out at, the rest they cover with the bark of Trees, and line -the inside of their _Wigwams_ with mats made of Rushes painted -with several colours, one good post they set up in the middle that -reaches to the hole in the top, with a staff across before it at a -convenient height, they knock in a pin on which they hang their -Kettle, beneath that they set up a broad stone for a back which -keepeth the post from burning; round by the walls they spread -their mats and skins where the men sleep whilst their women dress -their victuals, they have commonly two doors, one opening to the -South, the other to the North, and according as the wind sits, they -close up one door with bark and hang a _Dears_ skin or the like -before the other. Towns they have none, being alwayes removing from -one place to another for conveniency of food, sometimes to those -places where one sort of fish is most plentiful, other whiles where -others are. I have seen half [p. 127.] a hundred of their _Wigwams_ -together in a piece of ground and they shew prettily, within a day -or two, or a week they have been all dispersed. They live for the -most part by the Sea-side, especially in the spring and summer -quarters, in winter they are gone up into the Countrie to hunt -_Deer_ and _Beaver_, the younger webbs going with them. Tame Cattle -they have none, excepting Lice, and Doggs of a wild breed that they -bring up to hunt with. - -Wives they have two or three, according to the ability of their -bodies and strength of their concupiscence, who have the easiest -labours of any women in the world; they will go out when their -time is come alone, carrying a board with them two foot long, and -a foot and half broad, bor’d full of holes on each side, having a -foot beneath like a Jack that we pull Boots off with, on the top -of the board a broad strap of leather which they put over their -fore-head, the board hanging at their back; when they are come to a -Bush or a Tree that they fancy they lay them down and are delivered -in a trice, not so much as groaning for it, they wrap the child -up in a young _Beaver_-skin with his heels close to his britch, -leaving a little hole if it be a Boy for his Cock to peep out at; -and lace him down to the [p. 128.] board upon his back, his knees -resting upon the foot beneath, then putting the strap of leather -upon their fore-head with the infant hanging at their back home -they trudge; What other ceremonies they use more than dying of -them with a liquor of boiled _Hemlock_-Bark, and their throwing of -them into the water if they suspect the Child to be gotten by any -other Nation, to see if he will swim, if he swim they acknowledge -him for their own, their names they give them when they are men -grown, and covet much to be called after our _English_ manner, -_Robin_, _Harry_, _Phillip_ and the like, very indulgent they are -to their Children, and their children sometimes to their Parents, -but if they live so long that they become a burden to them, they -will either starve them or bury them alive, as it was supposed an -_Indian_ did his Mother at _Casco_ in 1669. - -Their Apparel before the _English_ came amongst them, was the skins -of wild Beasts with the hair on, Buskins of _Deers_-skin or _Moose_ -drest and drawn with lines into several works, the lines being -coloured with yellow, blew or red, Pumps too they have, made of -tough skins without soles. In the winter when the snow will bear -them, they fasten to their feet their snow shooes which are made -like a large Racket we play at [p. 129.] _Tennis_ with, lacing -them with _Deers_-guts and the like, under their belly they wear a -square piece of leather and the like upon their posteriors, both -fastened to a string tyed about them to hide their secrets; on -their heads they ware nothing: But since they have had to do with -the English they purchase of them a sort of Cloth called trading -cloth of which they make Mantles, Coats with short sleeves, and -caps for their heads which the women use, but the men continue -their old fashion going bare-headed, excepting some old men amongst -them. They are very proud as appeareth by their setting themselves -out with white and blew Beads of their own making, and painting of -their faces with the above mentioned colours, they weave sometimes -curious Coats with _Turkie_ feathers for their Children. - -Their Diet is Fish and Fowl, Bear, Wild-cat, Rattoon and Deer; -dry’d Oysters, _Lobsters_ rosted or dryed in the smoak, _Lampres_ -and dry’d _Moose_-tongues, which they esteem a dish for a -_Sagamor_; hard eggs boiled and made small and dryed to thicken -their broth with, salt they have not the use of, nor bread, their -_Indian_ Corn and Kidney beans they boil, and sometimes eat their -Corn parcht or roasted in the ear against the fire; they feed -likewise upon earth-nuts, [p. 130.] or ground-nuts, roots of -water-Lillies, Ches-nuts, and divers sorts of Berries. They beat -their Corn to powder and put it up into bags, which they make -use of when stormie weather or the like will not suffer them to -look out for their food. _Pompions_ and water-_Mellons_ too they -have good store; they have prodigious stomachs, devouring a cruel -deal, meer _voragoes_, never giving over eating as long as they -have it, between meals spending their time in sleep till the next -kettlefull is boiled, when all is gone they satisfie themselves -with a small quantity of the meal, making it serve as the frugal -bit amongst the old _Britains_, which taken to the mountenance of a -Bean would satisfie both thirst and hunger. If they have none of -this, as sometimes it falleth out (being a very careless people not -providing against the storms of want and tempest of necessity) they -make use of Sir _Francis Drake’s_ remedy for hunger, go to sleep. - -They live long, even to an hundred years of age, if they be not cut -off by their Children, war, and the plague, which together with -the small pox hath taken away abundance of them. _Pliny_ reckons -up but 300 Diseases in and about man, latter writers Six thousand, -236 belonging to the eyes. There are not so many Diseases raigning -[p. 131.] amongst them as our _Europeans_. The great pox is proper -to them, by reason (as some do deem) that they are _Man-eaters_, -which disease was brought amongst our _Europeans_ first by the -_Spaniards_ that went with _Christopher Columbus_ who brought it -to _Naples_ with their _Indian_-women, with whom the _Italians_ -and _French_ conversed _Anno Dom._ 1493. _Paracelsus_ saith it -happened in the year 1478 and 1480. But all agree that it was -not known in _Europe_ before _Columbus_ his voyage to _America_. -It hath continued amongst us above two hundred and three score -years. There are Diseases that are proper to certain climates, as -the Leprosie to _Ægypt_, swelling of the Throat or _Mentegra_ to -_Asia_, the sweating sickness to the Inhabitants of the North; to -the _Portugals_ the Phthisick, to _Savoy_ the mumps; So to the -_West-Indies_ the Pox, but this doth not exclude other Diseases. In -_New-England_ the _Indians_ are afflicted with pestilent Feavers, -Plague, Black-pox, Consumption of the Lungs, Falling-sickness, -Kings-evil, and a Disease called by the _Spaniard_ the Plague in -the back, with us _Empyema_, their Physicians are the _Powaws_ or -_Indian_ Priests who cure sometimes by charms and medicine, but -in a general infection they seldom come amongst them, [p. 132.] -therefore they use their own remedies, which is sweating, _&c._ -Their manner is when they have plague or small pox amongst them -to cover their _Wigwams_ with Bark so close that no Air can enter -in, lining them (as I said before) within, and making a great fire -they remain there in a stewing heat till they are in a top sweat, -and then run out into the Sea or River, and presently after they -are come into their Hutts again they either recover or give up -the Ghost; they dye patiently both men and women, not knowing of -a Hell to scare them, nor a Conscience to terrifie them. In times -of general Mortality they omit the Ceremonies of burying, exposing -their dead Carkases to the Beasts of prey. But at other times they -dig a Pit and set the diseased therein upon his breech upright, and -throwing in the earth, cover it with the sods and bind them down -with sticks, driving in two stakes at each end; their mournings -are somewhat like the howlings of the _Irish_, seldom at the grave -but in the _Wigwam_ where the party dyed, blaming the Devil for -his hard heartedness, and concluding with rude prayers to him to -afflict them no further. - -They acknowledge a God who they call _Squantam_, but worship him -they do not, [p. 133.] because (they say) he will do them no harm. -But _Abbamocho_ or _Cheepie_ many times smites them with incurable -Diseases, scares them with his Apparitions and pannick Terrours, by -reason whereof they live in a wretched consternation worshipping -the Devil for fear. One black _Robin_ an _Indian_ sitting down in -the Corn field belonging to the house where I resided, ran out of -his _Wigwam_ frighted with the apparition of two infernal spirits -in the shape of _Mohawkes_. Another time two _Indians_ and an -_Indess_, came running into our house crying out they should all -dye, _Cheepie_ was gone over the field gliding in the Air with a -long rope hanging from one of his legs: we askt them what he was -like, they said all wone _Englishman_, clothed with hat and coat, -shooes and stockings, _&c._ They have a remarkable observation of -a flame that appears before the death of an _Indian_ or _English_ -upon their _Wigwams_ in the dead of the night: The first time that -I did see it, I was call’d out by some of them about twelve of the -clock, it being a very dark night, I perceived it plainly mounting -into the Air over our Church, which was built upon a plain little -more than half a quarter of a mile from our dwelling house, on the -Northside of the Church: look on [p. 134.] what side of a house it -appears, from that Coast respectively you shall hear of a Coarse -within two or three days. - -They worship the Devil (as I said) their Priests are called -_Powaws_ and are little better than Witches, for they have familiar -conference with him, who makes them invulnerable, that is shot-free -and stick-free. Craftie Rogues, abusing the rest at their pleasure, -having power over them by reason of their Diabolical Art in curing -of Diseases, which is performed with rude Ceremonies; they place -the sick upon the ground sitting, and dance in an Antick manner -round about him, beating their naked breasts with a strong hand, -and making hideous faces, sometimes calling upon the Devil for his -help, mingling their prayers with horrid and barbarous charms; if -the sick recover they send rich gifts, their Bowes and Arrowes, -_Wompompers_, _Mohacks_, _Beaver skins_, or other rich Furs to -the Eastward, where there is a vast Rock not far from the shore, -having a hole in it of an unsearchable profundity, into which they -throw them. - -Their Theologie is not much, but questionless they acknowledge -a God and a Devil, and some small light they have of the Souls -immortality; for ask them [p. 135.] whither they go when they dye, -they will tell you pointing with their finger to Heaven beyond the -white mountains, and do hint at _Noah’s_ Floud, as may be conceived -by a story they have received from Father to Son, time out of mind, -that a great while agon their Countrey was drowned, and all the -People and other Creatures in it, only one _Powaw_ and his _Webb_ -foreseeing the Floud, fled to the white mountains carrying a hare -along with them and so escaped; after a while the _Powaw_ sent the -_Hare_ away, who not returning emboldned thereby they descended, -and lived many years after, and had many Children, from whom the -Countrie was filled again with _Indians._ Some of them tell another -story of the _Beaver_, saying that he was their Father. - -Their learning is very little or none, Poets they are as may be -ghessed by their formal speeches, sometimes an hour long, the -last word of a line riming with the last word of the following -line, and the whole doth _Constare ex pedibus_. Musical too they -be, having many pretty odd barbarous tunes which they make use of -vocally at marriages and feastings; but Instruments they had none -before the _English_ came amongst them, since they have imitated -them and will make out Kitts and string them as neatly, [p. 136.] -and as Artificially as the best Fiddle-maker amongst us; and will -play our plain lessons very exactly: the only Fidler that was in -the Province of _Meyn_, when I was there, was an _Indian_ called -_Scozway_, whom the Fishermen and planters when they had a mind to -be merry made use of. - -Arithmetick they skill not, reckoning to ten upon their fingers, -and if more doubling of it by holding their fingers up, their age -they reckon by Moons, and their actions by sleeps, as, if they go -a journie, or are to do any other business they will say, three -sleeps me walk, or two or three sleeps me do such a thing, that -is in two or three days. Astronomie too they have no knowledge -of, seldom or never taking observation of the Stars, Eclipses, -or Comets that I could perceive; but they will Prognosticate -shrewdly what weather will fall out. They are generally excellent -_Zenagogues_ or guides through their Countrie. - -Their exercises are hunting and fishing, in both they will take -abundance of pains. When the snow will bear them, the young and -lustie _Indians_, (leaving their papouses and old people at home) -go forth to hunt _Moose_, _Deere_, _Bear_ and _Beaver_, Thirty or -forty miles up into the Countrey; when they light upon a _Moose_ -they run him down, [p. 137.] which is sometimes in half a day, -sometimes a whole day, but never give him over till they have -tyred him, the snow being usually four foot deep, and the Beast -very heavie he sinks every step, and as he runs sometimes bears -down Arms of Trees that hang in his way, with his horns, as big -as a mans thigh; other whiles, if any of their dogs (which are -but small) come near, yerking out his heels (for he strikes like -a horse) if a small Tree be in the way he breaks it quite asunder -with one stroak, at last they get up to him on each side and -transpierce him with their Lances, which formerly were no other -but a staff of a yard and half pointed with a Fishes bone made -sharp at the end, but since they put on pieces of sword-blades -which they purchase of the _French_, and having a strap of leather -fastned to the but end of the staff which they bring down to the -midst of it, they dart it into his sides, _hæret latere lethalis -arundo_, the poor Creature groans, and walks on heavily, for a -space, then sinks and falls down like a ruined building, making -the Earth to quake; then presently in come the Victors, who having -cut the throat of the slain take off his skin, their young webbs -by this time are walking towards them with heavie bags and kettles -at their [p. 138.] backs, who laying down their burdens fall to -work upon the Carkass, take out the heart, and from that the bone, -cut off the left foot behind, draw out the sinews, and cut out his -tongue _&c._ and as much of the Venison as will serve to satiate -the hungry mawes of the Company; mean while the men pitch upon a -place near some spring, and with their snow shoos shovel the snow -away to the bare Earth in a circle, making round about a wall of -snow; in the midst they make their _Vulcan_ or fire near to a great -Tree, upon the snags whereof they hang their kettles fil’d with -the Venison; whilst that boils, the men after they have refresht -themselves with a pipe of Tobacco dispose themselves to sleep. The -women tend the Cookerie, some of them scrape the slime and fat from -the skin, cleanse the sinews, and stretch them and the like, when -the venison is boiled the men awake, and opening of their bags -take out as much _Indian_ meal as will serve their turns for the -present; they eat their broth with spoons, and their flesh they -divide into gobbets, eating now and then with it as much meal as -they can hold betwixt three fingers; their drink they fetch from -the spring, and were not acquainted with other, untill the _French_ -and _English_ traded with that cursed liquor [p. 139.] called -_Rum_, _Rum-bullion_, or kill-Devil, which is stronger than spirit -of Wine, and is drawn from the dross of Sugar and Sugar Canes, -this they love dearly, and will part with all they have to their -bare skins for it, being perpetually drunk with it, as long as it -is to be had, it hath killed many of them, especially old women -who have dyed when dead drunk. Thus instead of bringing of them to -the knowledge of Christianitie, we have taught them to commit the -beastly and crying sins of our Nation, for a little profit. When -the _Indians_ have stuft their paunches, if it be fair weather -and about midday they venture forth again, but if it be foul and -far spent, they betake themselves to their field-bed at the sign -of the Star, expecting the opening of the Eastern window, which -if it promise serenity, they truss up their fardles, and away for -another _Moose_, this course they continue for six weeks or two -moneths, making their _Webbs_ their _Mules_ to carry their luggage, -they do not trouble themselves with the horns of _Moose_ or other -_Deer_, unless it be near an _English_ plantation; because they -are weighty and cumbersome. If the _English_ could procure them to -bring them in, they would be worth the pains and charge, being sold -in _England_ after the rate of forty or fifty [p. 140.] pounds a -Tun; the red heads of _Deer_ are the fairest and fullest of marrow, -and lightest; the black heads are heavie and have less marrow; the -white are the worst, and the worst nourished. When the _Indians_ -are gone, there gathers to the Carkass of the _Moose_ thousands of -_Mattrises_, of which there are but few or none near the Sea-coasts -to be seen, these devour the remainder in a quarter of the time -that they were hunting of it. - -Their fishing followes in the spring, summer and fall of the leaf. -First for _Lobsters_, _Clams_, _Flouke_, _Lumps_ or _Podles_, and -_Alewives_; afterwards for _Bass_, _Cod_, _Rock_, _Blew-fish_, -_Salmon_, and _Lampres_, &c. - -The _Lobsters_ they take in large Bayes when it is low water, the -wind still, going out in their _Birchen-Canows_ with a staff two or -three yards long, made small and sharpen’d at one end, and nick’d -with deep nicks to take hold. When they spye the _Lobster_ crawling -upon the Sand in two fathom water, more or less, they stick him -towards the head and bring him up. I have known thirty _Lobsters_ -taken by an _Indian_ lad in an hour and a half, thus they take -_Flouke_ and _Lumps_; _Clams_ they dig out of the _Clam-banks_ -upon the flats and in creeks when it is low water, where they are -bedded [p. 141.] sometimes a yard deep one upon another, the beds -a quarter of a mile in length, and less, the _Alewives_ they take -with Nets like a pursenet put upon a round hoop’d stick with a -handle in fresh ponds where they come to spawn. The _Bass_ and -_Blew-fish_ they take in harbours, and at the mouth of barr’d -Rivers being in their _Canows_, striking them with a fisgig, a -kind of dart or staff, to the lower end whereof they fasten a -sharp jagged bone (since they make them of Iron) with a string -fastened to it, as soon as the fish is struck they pull away the -staff, leaving the bony head in the fishes body and fasten the -other end of the string to the _Canow_: Thus they will hale after -them to shore half a dozen or half a score great fishes: this way -they take _Sturgeon_; and in dark evenings when they are upon the -fishing ground near a Bar of Sand (where the _Sturgeon_ feeds upon -small fishes (like _Eals_) that are called Lances sucking them -out of the Sands where they lye hid, with their hollow Trunks, -for other mouth they have none) the _Indian_ lights a piece of -dry _Birch-Bark_ which breaks out into a flame & holds it over -the side of his _Canow_, the _Sturgeon_ seeing this glaring light -mounts to the Surface of the water where he is slain and taken -with a fisgig. _Salmons_ and _Lampres_ [p. 142.] are catch’d at -the falls of Rivers. All the Rivers of note in the Countrey have -two or three desperate falls distant one from another for some -miles, for it being rising ground from the Sea and mountainous -within land, the Rivers having their Originals from great lakes, -and hastning to the Sea, in their passage meeting with Rocks that -are not so easily worn away, as the loose earthie mould beneath -the Rock, makes a fall of the water in some Rivers as high as a -house: you would think it strange to see, yea admire if you saw the -bold _Barbarians_ in their light _Canows_ rush down the swift and -headlong stream with desperate speed, but with excellent dexterity, -guiding his _Canow_ that seldom or never it shoots under water, or -overturns, if it do they can swim naturally, striking their pawes -under their throat like a dog, and not spreading their Arms as we -do; they turn their _Canow_ again and go into it in the water. - -Their Merchandize are their beads, which are their money, of these -there are two sorts blew Beads and white Beads, the first is their -Gold, the last their Silver, these they work out of certain shells -so cunningly that neither _Jew_ nor Devil can counterfeit, they -dril them and string them, and make many curious works with them -to [p. 143.] adorn the persons of their _Sagamours_ and principal -men and young women, as Belts, Girdles, Tablets, Borders for their -womens hair, Bracelets, Necklaces, and links to hang in their ears. -Prince _Phillip_ a little before I came for _England_ coming to -_Boston_ had a Coat on and Buskins set thick with these Beads in -pleasant wild works and a broad Belt of the same, his Accoutrements -were valued at Twenty pounds. The _English_ Merchant giveth them -ten shillings a fathom for their white, and as much more or near -upon for their blew Beads. Delicate sweet dishes too they make -of _Birch-Bark_ sowed with threads drawn from _Spruse_ or white -_Cedar-Roots_, and garnished on the out-side with flourisht works, -and on the brims with glistering quills taken from the _Porcupine_, -and dyed, some black, others red, the white are natural, these -they make of all sizes from a dram cup to a dish containing a -pottle, likewise Buckets to carry water or the like, large Boxes -too of the same materials, dishes, spoons and trayes wrought very -smooth and neatly out of the knots of wood, baskets, bags, and -matts woven with _Sparke_, bark of the _Line-Tree_ and _Rushes_ -of several kinds, dyed as before, some black, blew, red, yellow, -bags of _Porcupine_ quills woven and dyed also; Coats woven of [p. -144.] _Turkie_-feathers for their Children, Tobacco pipes of stone -with Imagerie upon them, Kettles of _Birchen-bark_ which they used -before they traded with the _French_ for Copper Kettles, by all -which you may apparently see that necessity was at first the mother -of all inventions. The women are the workers of most of these, and -are now, here and there one excellent needle woman, and will milk -a Cow neatly, their richest trade are Furs of divers sorts, Black -_Fox_, _Beaver_, _Otter_, _Bear_, _Sables_, _Mattrices_, _Fox_, -_Wild-Cat_, _Rattoons_, _Martins_, _Musquash_, _Moose-skins_. - -Ships they have none, but do prettily imitate ours in their -_Birchen-pinnaces_, their _Canows_ are made of _Birch_, they shape -them with flat Ribbs of white _Cedar_, and cover them with large -sheets of _Birch-bark_, sowing them through with strong threds of -_Spruse-Roots_ or white _Cedar_, and pitch them with a mixture of -_Turpentine_ and the hard rosen that is dryed with the Air on the -out-side of the Bark of _Firr-Trees_. These will carry half a dozen -or three or four men and a considerable fraight, in these they swim -to Sea twenty, nay forty miles, keeping from the shore a league or -two, sometimes to shorten their voyage when they are to double a -Cape they will put to shore, and [p. 145.] two of them taking up -the _Canow_ carry it cross the Cape or neck of land to the other -side, and to Sea again; they will indure an incredible great Sea, -mounting upon the working billowes like a piece of Corke; but they -require skilful hands to guide them in rough weather, none but -the _Indians_ scarce dare to undertake it, such like Vessels the -Ancient _Brittains_ used, as _Lucan_ relates. - - _Primum cana salix, madefacto vimine, parvam - Texitur in puppim, cæsoque induta juvenco, - Vectoris patiens tumidum super emicat amnem. - Sic Venetus stagnante Pado, fusoque Britanus - Navigat oceano----_ - - _When_ Sicoris _to his own banks restor’d - Had left the field, of twigs, and willow boord - They made small Boats, cover’d with Bullocks hide, - In which they reacht the Rivers further side. - So sail the Veneti if_ Padus _flow, - The Brittains sail on their calm ocean so: - So the Ægyptians sail with woven Boats - Of paper rushes in their_ Nilus _floats._ - -[p. 146.] Their Government is monarchical, the Patrueius or they -that descend from the eldest proceeding from his loyns, is the -Roytelet of the Tribe, and if he have Daughters, his Son dying -without a Son, the Government descends to his Daughters Son: -after the same manner, their lands descend. _Cheetadaback_ was -the chief _Sachem_ or _Roytelet_ of the _Massachusets_, when the -_English_ first set down there. _Massasoit_, the great _Sachem_ -of the _Plimouth Indians_, his dwelling was at a place called -_Sowans_, about four miles distant from _New-Plimouth_. _Sasasacus_ -was the chief _Sachem_ of the _Pequots_, and _Mientoniack_ of the -_Narragansets_. The chief _Roytelet_ amongst the _Mohawks_ now -living, is a _Dutchmans_ Bastard, and the _Roytelet_ now of the -_Pocanakets_, that is the _Plimouth-Indians_, is Prince _Philip_ -alias _Metacon_, the Grandson of _Massasoit_. Amongst the Eastern -_Indians_, _Summersant_ formerly was a famous _Sachem_. The -now living _Sachems_ of note are _Sabaccaman_, _Terrumkin_ and -_Robinhood_. - -Their Wars are with Neighbouring Tribes, but the _Mowhawks_ are -enemies to all the other _Indians_, their weapons of Defence and -Offence are Bowes and Arrowes, of late he is a poor _Indian_ that -is not [p. 147.] master of two Guns, which they purchase of the -_French_, and powder and shot, they are generally excellent marks -men; their other weapons are _Tamahawks_ which are staves two foot -and a half long with a knob at the end as round as a bowl, and as -big as that we call the Jack or Mistriss. Lances too they have made -(as I have said before) with broken sword blades, likewise they -have Hatchets and knives; but these are weapons of a latter date. -They colour their faces red all over, supposing that it makes them -the more terrible, they are lusty Souldiers to see to and very -strong, meer _Hercules Rusticuses_, their fights are by Ambushments -and Surprises, coming upon one another unawares. They will march -a hundred miles through thick woods and swamps to the _Mowhawks_ -Countrey, and the _Mowhawks_ into their Countrey, meeting sometimes -in the woods, or when they come into an _Enemies_ Countrey build a -rude fort with _Pallizadoes_, having loop-holes out of which they -shoot their Arrowes, and fire their Guns, pelting at one another a -week or moneth together; If any of them step out of the Fort they -are in danger to be taken prisoners by the one side or the other; -that side that gets the victory excoriats the hair-scalp of the -principal slain Enemies which [p. 148.] they bear away in Triumph, -their prisoners they bring home, the old men and women they knock -in the head, the young women they keep, and the men of war they -torture to death as the Eastern _Indians_ did two _Mowhawks_ whilst -I was there, they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before -him, then with sharp knives they cut off the first joynts of his -fingers and toes, then clap upon them hot Embers to sear the vains; -so they cut him a pieces joynt after joynt, still applying hot -Embers to the place to stanch the bloud, making the poor wretch to -sing all the while: when Arms and Legs are gone, they flay off the -skin of their Heads, and presently put on a Cap of burning Embers, -then they open his breast and take out his heart, which while it is -yet living in a manner they give to their old Squaes, who are every -one to have a bite at it. These Barbarous Customs were used amongst -them more frequently before the _English_ came; but since by the -great mercy of the Almighty they are in a way to be Civilized and -converted to Christianity; there being three Churches of _Indians_ -gathered together by the pains of Mr. _John Eliot_ and his Son, who -Preaches to them in their Native language, and hath rendered the -Bible in that Language for the benefit of [p. 149.] the _Indians_. -These go clothed like the _English_, live in framed houses, have -stocks of Corn and Cattle about them, which when they are fat they -bring to the _English_ Markets, the Hogs that they rear are counted -the best in _New-England_. Some of their Sons have been brought up -Scholars in _Harvard_ Colledge, and I was told that there was but -two Fellowes in that Colledge, and one of them was an _Indian_; -some few of these Christian _Indians_ have of late Apostatized and -fallen back to their old Superstition and course of life. - -Thus much shall suffice concerning _New-England_, as it was when -the _Indians_ solely possest it. I will now proceed to give you an -accompt of it, as it is under the management of the _English_; but -methinks I hear my sceptick Readers muttering out of their scuttle -mouths, what will accrew to us by this rambling _Logodiarce_? -you do but bring straw into _Egypt_, a Countrey abounding with -Corn. Thus by these _Famacides_ who are so minutely curious, I -am dejected from my hope, whilst they challenge the freedom of -_David’s_ Ruffins, Our Tongues are our own, who-shall controll -us. I have done what I can to please you, I have piped and you -will not dance. I have told you as strange things as ever you or -your Fathers [p. 150.] have heard. The _Italian_ saith _Chi vide -un miraculo facilmente ne crede un altro_, he that hath seen one -miracle will easilie believe another, _miranda canunt sed non -credenda poetæ_. Oh I see the pad, you never heard nor saw the -like, therefore you do not believe me; well Sirs I shall not strain -your belief any further, the following Relation I hope will be more -tolerable, yet I could (it is possible) insert as wonderful things -as any my pen hath yet gone over, and may, but it must be upon -condition you will not put me to the proof of it. _Nemo tenetur ad -impossibilia_, no man is obliged to do more than is in his power, -is a rule in law. To be short; if you cannot with the _Bee_ gather -the honey, with the Spider suck out the poyson, as Sir _John Davis_ -hath it. - - _The Bee and Spider by a divers power - Suck honey and poyson from the self-same flower._ - -I am confident you will get but little poyson here, no ’tis the -poyson of _Asps_ under your tongue that swells you: truly, I do -take you rather to be Spider catchers than Spiders, such as will -not laudably imploy themselves, nor suffer others; you may well -say _non amo hominem, sed non possum_ [p. 151.] _dicere quare_, -unless it be because I am a Veronessa, no Romancer. To conclude; -if with your mother wit, you can mend the matter, take pen in -hand and fall to work, do your Countrey some service as I have -done according to my Talent. Henceforth you are to expect no more -Relations from me. I am now return’d into my Native Countrey, and -by the providence of the Almighty, and the bounty of my Royal -Soveraigness am disposed to a holy quiet of study and meditation -for the good of my soul; and being blessed with a transmentitation -or change of mind, and weaned from the world, may take up for my -word, _non est mortale quod opto_. If what I have done is thought -uprears for the approvement of those to whom it is intended, I -shall be more than meanly contented. - -_New-England_ was first discovered by _John Cabota_ and his Son -_Sebastian_ in _Anno Dom._ 1514. A further discovery afterwards -was made by the honourable Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Knight in _Anno_ -1584. when as _Virginia_ was discovered, which together with -_Mary-land_, _New-England_, _Nova Scotia_ was known by one common -name to the _Indians_, _Wingandicoa_, and by Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ -in honour of our Virgin Queen, in whose name he took possession -of it, _Virginia_. In [p. 152.] King _James_ his Reign it was -divided into Provinces as is before named. In 1602. these north -parts were further discovered by Capt. _Bartholomew Gosnold_. The -first _English_ that planted there, set down not far from the -_Narragansets-Bay_, and called their Colony _Plimouth_, since old -_Plimouth_, _An. Dom._ 1602. Sir _John Popham_ Lord chief Justice -authorized by his Majesty, King _James_, sent a Colony of _English_ -to _Sagadehock_, _An._ 1606. _Newfound-land_ was discovered by -one _Andrew Thorn_ an English man in _Anno_ 1527. Sir _Humphrey -Gilbert_ a west Countrey Knight took possession of it in the Queens -name, _Anno_ 1582. The two first Colonies in _New-England_ failing, -there was a fresh supply of _English_ who set down in other parts -of the Countrey, and have continued in a flourishing condition to -this day. - -The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies, and for your -better understanding observe, a Colony is a sort of people that -come to inhabit a place before not inhabited, or _Colonus quasi_, -because they should be Tillers of the Earth. From hence by an usual -figure the Countrey where they sit down, is called a Colony or -Plantation. - -The first of these that I shall relate of, though last in -possession of the _English_, is now our most Southerly Colony, and -next [p. 153.] adjoyning to _Mary-land_, _scil._ the _Manadaes_ -or _Manahanent_ lying upon the great River _Mohegan_, which was -first discovered by Mr. _Hudson_, and sold presently by him to -the _Dutch_ without Authority from his Soveraign the King of -_England_, _Anno_ 1608. The _Dutch_ in 1614 began to plant there, -and call’d it _New-Netherlands_, but Sir _Samuel Argal_ Governour -of _Virginia_ routed them, the _Dutch_ after this got leave of -King _James_ to put in there for fresh water in their passage to -_Brasile_, and did not offer to plant until a good while after the -_English_ were settled in the Countrey. In _Anno_ 1664 his Majestie -_Charles_ the Second sent over four worthie Gentlemen Commissioners -to reduce the Colonies into their bounds, who had before incroached -upon one another, who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to -_Manadaes_ or _Manhataes_ took from the _Dutch_ their chief town -then called _New-Amsterdam_, now _New York_; the Twenty ninth of -_August_ turn’d out their Governour with a silver leg, and all -but those that were willing to acknowledge subjection to the King -of _England_, suffering them to enjoy their houses and estates as -before. Thirteen days after Sir _Robert Carr_ took the Fort and -Town of _Aurania_ now called _Albany_; and Twelve days after that, -the Fort and Town [p. 154.] of _Awsapha_, then _De-la-ware_ Castle, -man’d with _Dutch_ and _Sweeds_. So now the _English_ are masters -of three handsome Towns, three strong Forts and a Castle, not -losing one man. The first Governour of these parts for the King of -_England_ was Colonel _Nicols_, a noble Gentleman, and one of his -Majesties Commissioners, who coming for _England_ in _Anno Dom._ -1668 as I take it, surrendered the Government to Colonel _Lovelace_. - -The Countrey here is bless’d with the richest soil in all -_New-England_, I have heard it reported from men of Judgement and -Integrity, that one Bushel of _European-Wheat_ hath yielded a -hundred in one year. Their other Commodities are Furs, and the like. - -_New-York_ is situated at the mouth of the great River _Mohegan_, -and is built with _Dutch_ Brick _alla-moderna_, the meanest house -therein being valued at One hundred pounds, to the Landward it is -compassed with a Wall of good thickness; at the entrance of the -River is an Island well fortified, and hath command of any Ship -that shall attempt to pass without their leave. - -_Albany_ is situated upon the same River on the West-side, and is -due North from _New-York_ somewhat above Fifty miles. - -[p. 155.] Along the Sea-side Eastward are many _English_-Towns, as -first _Westchester_, a Sea-Town about Twenty miles from _New-York_; -to the Eastward of this is _Greenwich_, another Sea-Town much about -the same distance; then _Chichester_, _Fairfield_, _Stratford_, -_Milford_, all Sea-Towns twenty and thirty mile distant from one -another, twenty miles Eastward of _Milford_ is _Newhaven_ the -Metropolis of the Colony begun in 1637. One Mr. _Eaton_ being there -Governour: it is near to the shoals of _Cape Cod_, and is one of -the four united Colonies. - -The next Sea-Town Eastward of _Newhaven_ is called _Guilford_ about -ten mile, and I think belonging to that Colony. - -From _Guilford_ to _Connecticut_-River, is near upon twenty -miles, the fresh River _Connecticut_ bears the name of another -Colony begun in the year 1636 and is also one of the four united -Colonies. Upon this River are situated 13 Towns, within two, -three & four miles off one another. At the mouth of the River, -on the West-side is the _Lord-Say_, and _Brooks fort_, called -_Saybrook-fort_. Beyond this Northward is the Town of _Windsor_, -then _Northampton_, then _Pinsers-house_. On the Eastside of the -River, _Hartford_, about it low land well stored with meadow and -very fertile. _Wethersfield_ is [p. 156.] also situated upon -_Connecticut_-River and _Springfield_; but this Town although -here seated is in the jurisdiction of the _Mattachusets_, and -hath been infamous by reason of Witches therein. _Hadley_ lyes to -the Northward of _Springfield_. _New-London_ which I take to be -in the jurisdiction of this Coloney is situated to the Eastward -of _Connecticut_-River by a small River, and is not far from the -Sea. From _Connecticut_-River _long-Island_ stretcheth it self to -_Mohegan_ one hundred and twenty miles, but it is but narrow and -about sixteen miles from the main; the considerablest Town upon it -is _Southampton_ built on the Southside of the Island towards the -Eastern end; opposite to this on the Northernside is _Feversham_, -Westward is _Ashford_, _Huntingdon_, &c. The Island is well stored -with Sheep and other Cattle, and Corn, and is reasonable populous. -Between this Island and the mouth of _Connecticut_-River lyeth -three small Islands, _Shelter-Island_, _Fishers-Island_, and the -Isle of _Wight_. Over against _New-London_ full South lyeth _Block -Island_. - -The next place of note on the Main is _Narragansets-Bay_, within -which Bay is _Rhode Island_ a Harbour for the _Shunamitish_ -Brethren, as the Saints Errant, the Quakers who are rather to be -esteemed Vagabonds, than Religious persons, _&c._ - -[p. 157.] At the further end of the _Bay_ by the mouth of -_Narragansets_-River, on the South-side thereof was old -_Plimouth_ plantation _Anno_ 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea, -South of _Rhode-Island_, lyeth _Martins_ vineyard in the way to -_Virginia_, this Island is governed by a discreet Gentleman Mr. -_Mayhew_ by name. To the Eastward of _Martin’s_ vinyard lyeth -_Nantocket-Island_, and further Eastward _Elizabeths-Island_, these -Islands are twenty or thirty mile asunder, and now we are come to -_Cape-Cod_. - -_Cape-Cod_ was so called at the first by Captain _Gosnold_ and -his Company _Anno Dom._ 1602, because they took much of that fish -there; and afterward was called _Cape-James_ by Captain _Smith_: -the point of the _Cape_ is called _Point-Cave_ and _Tuckers_ -Terror, and by the _French_ and _Dutch_ _Mallacar_, by reason of -the perillous shoals. The first place to be taken notice of on the -South-side of the _Cape_ is _Wests_-Harbour, the first Sea-Town -_Sandwich_ formerly called _Duxbury_ in the Jurisdiction of -_New-Plimouth_. Doubling the _Cape_ we come into the great _Bay_, -on the West whereof is _New-Plimouth-Bay_, on the South-west-end of -this _Bay_ is situated _New Plimouth_, the first _English_-Colony -that took firm possession in this Countrey, which was in 1620, and -the first Town built [p. 158.] therein, whose longitude is 315 -degrees, in latitude 41 degrees and 37 minutes, it was built nine -years before any other Town, from the beginning of it to 1669 is -just forty years, in which time there hath been an increasing of -forty Churches in this Colony (but many more in the rest,) and -Towns in all _New-England_ one hundred and twenty, for the most -part along the Sea-Coasts, (as being wholsomest) for somewhat more -than two hundred miles: onely on _Connecticut_-River (as I have -said) is thirteen Towns not far off one another. - -The other Towns of note in this Colony are _Green-Harbour_ to the -Eastward of _Plimouth_ towards the point of the _Cape_, & therefore -somewhat unaccessible by land, here is excellent Timber for -shipping; then _Marshfield_, _Yarmouth_, _Rehoboth_, _Bridgwater_, -_Warwick_, _Taunton_, _Eastham_, by the _Indians_ called _Namset_. - -The first Town Northeast from _Green-harbor_ is _Sittuate_ in -the jurisdiction of the _Mattachusets_-Colony, more Northward of -_Sittuate_ is _Conchusset_ and _Hull_ a little Burg lying open -to the Sea, from thence we came to _Merton-point_ over against -which is _Pullin-point_. Upon _Merton-point_ (which is on the -Larboard-side) is a Town called _Nantascot_, which is two Leagues -from _Boston_, where [p. 159.] Ships commonly cast Anchor. -_Pullin-point_ is so called, because the Boats are by the seasing -or Roads haled against the Tide which is very strong, it is the -usual Channel for Boats to pass into _Mattachusets-Bay_. - -There is an Island on the South-side of the passage containing -eight Acres of ground. Upon a rising hill within this Island is -mounted a Castle commanding the entrance, no stately Edifice, nor -strong; built with Brick and Stone, kept by a Captain, under whom -is a master-Gunner and others. - -The _Bay_ is large, made by many Islands, the chief _Deere_-Island, -which is within a flight shot of _Pullin-point_, great store -of _Deere_ were wont to swim thither from the Main; then -_Bird_-Island, _Glass_-island, _Slate_-Island, the Governours -Garden, where the first Apple-Trees in the Countrey were planted, -and a vinyard; then _Round_-Island, and _Noddles_-Island not far -from _Charles_-Town: most of these Islands lye on the North-side of -the _Bay_. - -The next Town to _Nantascot_ on the South-side of the _Bay_ -is _Wissaguset_ a small Village, about three miles from -_Mount-wolleston_, about this Town the soil is very fertile. - -Within sight of this is _Mount-wolleston_ or _Merry-mount_, called -_Massachusets_-fields, [p. 160.] where _Chicatabat_ the greatest -_Sagamore_ of the Countrey lived before the plague: here the Town -of _Braintree_ is seated, no Boat nor Ship can come near to it, -here is an Iron mill: to the West of this Town is _Naponset_ River. - -Six miles beyond _Braintree_ lyeth _Dorchester_, a frontire Town -pleasantly seated, and of large extent into the main land, well -watered with two small Rivers, her body and wings filled somewhat -thick with houses to the number of two hundred and more, beautified -with fair Orchards and Gardens, having also plenty of Corn-land, -and store of Cattle, counted the greatest Town heretofore in -_New-England_, but now gives way to _Boston_, it hath a Harbour to -the North for Ships. - -A mile from _Dorchester_ is the Town of _Roxbury_, a fair and -handsome Countrey Town, the streets large, the Inhabitants rich, -replenished with Orchards and Gardens, well watered with springs -and small freshets, a brook runs through it called _Smelt_-River, a -quarter of a mile to the North-side of the Town runs stony River: -it is seated in the bottom of a shallow _Bay_, but hath no harbour -for shipping. Boats come to it, it hath store of Land and Cattle. - -Two miles Northeast from _Roxbury_, and [p. 161.] Forty miles -from _New-Plimouth_, in the latitude of 42 or 43 degrees and 10 -minutes, in the bottom of _Massachusets-Bay_ is _Boston_ (whose -longitude is 315 degrees, or as others will 322 degrees and 30 -seconds.) So called from a Town in _Lincolnshire_, which in the -_Saxons_ time bare the name of St. _Botolph_, and is the Metropolis -of this Colony, or rather of the whole Countrey, situated upon -a _Peninsula_, about four miles in compass, almost square, and -invironed with the Sea, saving one small _Isthmus_ which gives -access to other Towns by land on the South-side. The Town hath -two hills of equal height on the frontire part thereof next the -Sea, the one well fortified on the superficies with some Artillery -mounted, commanding any Ship as she sails into the Harbour within -the still _Bay_; the other hill hath a very strong battery built of -whole Timber and fill’d with earth, at the descent of the hill in -the extreamest part thereof, betwixt these two strong Arms, lyes a -large _Cove_ or _Bay_, on which the chiefest part of the Town is -built to the Northwest is a high mountain that out-tops all, with -its three little rising hills on the summit, called _Tramount_, -this is furnished with a Beacon and great Guns, from hence you -may [p. 162.] overlook all the Islands in the _Bay_, and descry -such Ships as are upon the Coast: the houses are for the most part -raised on the Sea-banks and wharfed out with great industry and -cost, many of them standing upon piles, close together on each side -the streets as in _London_, and furnished with many fair shops, -their materials are Brick, Stone, Lime, handsomely contrived, with -three meeting Houses or Churches, and a Town-house built upon -pillars where the Merchants may confer, in the Chambers above they -keep their monethly Courts. Their streets are many and large, -paved with pebble stone, and the South-side adorned with Gardens -and Orchards. The Town is rich and very populous, much frequented -by strangers, here is the dwelling of their Governour. On the -North-west and North-east two constant Fairs are kept for daily -Traffick thereunto. On the South there is a small, but pleasant -Common where the Gallants a little before Sun-set walk with their -_Marmalet_-Madams, as we do in _Morefields_, &c. till the nine a -clock Bell rings them home to their respective habitations, when -presently the Constables walk their rounds to see good orders kept, -and to take up loose people. Two miles from the town, [p. 163.] -at a place called _Muddy-River_, the Inhabitants have Farms, to -which belong rich arable grounds and meadows where they keep their -Cattle in the Summer, and bring them to _Boston_ in the Winter; -the Harbour before the Town is filled with Ships and other Vessels -for most part of the year. - -_Hingham_ is a Town situated upon the Sea-coasts, South-east of -_Charles-River_: here is great store of Timber, deal-boards, masts -for Ships, white-Cedar, and fish is here to be had. - -_Dedham_ an inland town ten miles from _Boston_ in the County of -_Suffolk_ well watered with many pleasant streams, and abounding -with Garden fruit; the Inhabitants are Husband-men, somewhat more -than one hundred Families, having store of Cattle and Corn. - -The Town of _Waymouth_ lyes open to the Sea, on the East Rocks and -Swamps, to the South-ward good store of _Deer_, arable land and -meadows. - -On the North-side of _Boston_ flows _Charles-River_, which is -about six fathom deep, many small Islands lye to the Bayward, and -hills on either side the River, a very good harbour, here may -forty Ships ride, the passage from _Boston_ to _Charles-Town_ is -by a Ferry worth forty or fifty pounds a [p. 164.] year, and is a -quarter of a mile over. The River _Mistick_ runs through the right -side of the Town, and by its near approach to _Charles-River_ in -one place makes a very narrow neck, where stands most part of the -Town, the market-place not far from the waterside is surrounded -with houses, forth of which issue two streets orderly built and -beautified with Orchards and Gardens, their meeting-house stands on -the North-side of the market, having a little hill behind it; there -belongs to this Town one thousand and two hundred Acres of arable, -four hundred head of Cattle, and as many Sheep, these also provide -themselves Farms in the Country. - -Up higher in _Charles-River_ west-ward is a broad Bay two miles -over, into which runs _Stony-River_ and _Muddy-River_. - -Towards the South-west in the middle of the _Bay_ is a great -Oyster-bank, towards the North-west is a Creek; upon the shore -is situated the village of _Medford_, it is a mile and half from -_Charles-town_. - -At the bottom of the _Bay_ the River begins to be narrower, half -a quarter of a mile broad; by the North-side of the River is -_New-town_, three miles from _Charles-town_, a league and half by -water, it was first [p. 165.] intended for a City, the neatest -and best compacted Town, having many fair structures and handsom -contrived streets; the Inhabitants rich, they have many hundred -Acres of land paled with one common fence a mile and half long, and -store of Cattle; it is now called _Cambridge_ where is a Colledg -for Students of late; it stretcheth from _Charles-River_ to the -Southern part of _Merrimach-River_. - -Half a mile thence on the same side of the River is _Water-town_ -built upon one of the branches of _Charles-River_, very fruitful -and of large extent, watered with many pleasant springs and small -Rivulets, the Inhabitants live scatteringly. Within half a mile -is a great pond divided between the two Towns, a mile and half -from the Town is a fall of fresh waters which conveigh themselves -into the Ocean through _Charles-River_, a little below the fall of -waters they have a wair to catch fish, wherein they take store of -_Basse_, _Shades_, _Alwives_, _Frost-fish_, and _Smelts_, in two -tides they have gotten one hundred thousand of these fishes. They -have store of Cattle and Sheep, and near upon two thousand Acres of -arable land, Ships of small burden may come up to these Towns. - -[p. 166.] We will now return to _Charles-town_ again, where the -River _Mistick_ runs on the North-side of the Town (that is the -right side as beforesaid) where on the Northwest-side of the -River is the Town of _Mistick_, three miles from _Charles-town_, -a league and half by water, a scattered village; at the head of -this River are great and spacious ponds, full of _Alewives_ in the -spring-time, the notedst place for this sort of fish. On the West -of this River is Merchant _Craddock’s_ plantation, where he impaled -a park. - -Upon the same River and on the North-side is the Town of _Malden_. - -The next Town is _Winnisimet_ a mile from _Charles-town_, the -River only parting them, this is the last Town in the still bay of -_Massachusets_. - -Without _Pullin-point_, six miles North-east from _Winnisimet_ is -_Cawgust_, or _Sagust_, or _Sangut_ now called _Linn_, situated at -the bottom of a _Bay_ near a River, which upon the breaking up of -winter with a furious Torrent vents it self into the Sea, the Town -consists of more than one hundred dwelling-houses, their Church -being built on a level undefended from the North-west wind is made -with steps descending [p. 167] into the Earth, their streets are -straight and but thin of houses, the people most husbandmen. At the -end of the _Sandy beach_ is a neck of land called _Nahant_, it is -six miles in circumference. Black _William_ an _Indian_ Duke out -of his generosity gave this to the _English_. At the mouth of the -River runs a great Creek into a great marsh called _Rumney_-marsh, -which is four miles long, and a mile broad, this Town hath the -benefit of minerals of divers kinds, Iron, Lead, one Iron mill, -store of Cattle, Arable land and meadow. - -To the North-ward of _Linn_ is _Marvil_ or _Marble-head_, a small -Harbour, the shore rockie, upon which the Town is built, consisting -of a few scattered houses; here they have stages for fishermen, -Orchards and Gardens, half a mile within land good pastures and -Arable land. - -Four miles North of _Marble-head_ is situated _New-Salem_ (whose -longitude is 315 degrees, and latitude 42 degrees 35 minutes) upon -a plain, having a River on the South, and another on the North, it -hath two Harbours, Winter Harbour and Summer Harbour which lyeth -within _Darbie’s_ fort, they have store of Meadow and Arable, in -this Town are some very rich Merchants. - -[p. 168.] Upon the Northern Cape of the _Massachusets_, that is -_Cape-Ann_, a place of fishing is situated, the Town of _Glocester_ -where the _Massachusets_ Colony first set down, but _Salem_ was the -first Town built in that Colony, here is a Harbour for Ships. - -To the North-ward of _Cape-Ann_ is _Wonasquam_, a dangerous place -to sail by in stormie weather, by reason of the many Rocks and -foaming breakers. - -The next Town that presents it self to view is _Ipswich_ situated -by a fair River, whose first rise is from a Lake or Pond twenty -mile up, betaking its course through a hideous _Swamp_ for many -miles, a Harbour for _Bears_, it issueth forth into a large _Bay_, -(where they fish for _Whales_) due East over against the Islands -of _Sholes_ a great place of fishing, the mouth of that River is -barr’d; it is a good haven-town, their meeting-house or Church -is beautifully built, store of Orchards and Gardens, land for -husbandry and Cattle. - -_Wenham_ is an inland Town very well watered, lying between -_Salem_ and _Ipswich_, consisteth most of men of judgment and -experience _in re rustica_, well stored with Cattle. At the first -rise of _Ipswich_-River in the highest part of the land near the -head [p. 169.] springs of many considerable Rivers; _Shashin_ one -of the most considerable branches of _Merrimach_-River, and also at -the rise of _Mistick_-River, and ponds full of pleasant springs, is -situated _Wooburn_ an inland-Town four miles square beginning at -the end of _Charles-town_ bounds. - -Six miles from _Ipswich_ North-east is _Rowley_, most of the -Inhabitants have been Clothiers. - -Nine miles from _Salem_ to the North is _Agowamine_, the best and -spaciousest place for a plantation, being twenty leagues to the -Northward of _New-Plimouth_. - -Beyond _Agowamin_ is situated _Hampton_ near the Sea-coasts not far -from _Merrimach_-River, this Town is like a _Flower-deluce_, having -two streets of houses wheeling off from the main body thereof, they -have great store of salt Marshes and Cattle, the land is fertil, -but full of Swamps and Rocks. - -Eight miles beyond _Agowamin_ runneth the delightful River -_Merrimach_ or _Monumach_, it is navigable for twenty miles, and -well stored with fish, upon the banks grow stately Oaks, excellent -Ship timber, not inferiour to our _English_. - -On the South-side of _Merrimach_-River [p. 170.] twelve miles -from _Ipswich_, and near upon the wide venting streams thereof is -situated _Newberrie_, the houses are scattering, well stored with -meadow, upland, and Arable, and about four hundred head of Cattle. - -Over against _Newberrie_ lyes the Town of _Salisbury_, where a -constant Ferry is kept, the River being here half a mile broad, the -Town scatteringly built. - -Hard upon the River of _Shashin_ where _Merrimach_ receives this -and the other branch into its body, is seated _Andover_, stored -with land and Cattle. - -Beyond this Town by the branch of _Merrimach_-River called -_Shashin_, lyeth _Haverhill_, a Town of large extent about ten -miles in length, the inhabitants Husbandmen, this Town is not far -from _Salisbury_. - -Over against _Haverhill_ lyeth the Town of _Malden_, which I have -already mentioned. - -In a low level upon a fresh River a branch of _Merrimach_ is -seated _Concord_, the first inland Town in _Massachusets_ patent, -well stored with fish, _Salmon_, _Dace_, _Alewive_, _Shade_, &c. -abundance of fresh marsh and Cattle, this place is subject to -bitter storms. - -[p. 171.] The next town is _Sudbury_ built upon the same River -where _Concord_ is, but further up; to this Town likewise belongs -great store of fresh marshes, and Arable land, and they have many -Cattle, it lyeth low, by reason whereof it is much indammaged with -flouds. - -In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond side, and not far -from _Woeburn_, is situated _Reading_, it hath two mills, a -saw-mill and a Corn-mill, and is well stockt with Cattle. - -The Colony is divided into four Counties, the first is _Suffolk_, -to which belongs _Dorchester_, _Roxbury_, _Waymouth_, _Hingham_, -_Dedham_, _Braintre_, _Sittuate_, _Hull_, _Nantascot_, -_Wisagusset_. The second County is _Middlesex_, to this belongs -_Charles-town_, _Water-town_, _Cambridge_, _Concord_, _Sudbury_, -_Woeburn_, _Reading_, _Malden_, _Mistick_, _Medford_, _Winnisimet_ -and _Marble-head_. To the third County which is _Essex_, belongs -_New-Salem_, _Linn_, _Ipswich_, _New-Berry_, _Rowley_, _Glocester_, -_Wenham_ and _Andover_. The fourth County is _Northfolk_, to this -belongs _Salisbury_, _Hampton_ and _Haverhill_. - -In the year of our Lord 1628, Mr. _John Endicot_ with a number of -_English_ people set down by _Cape-Ann_ at that place called [p. -172.] afterwards _Gloster_, but their abiding-place was at _Salem_, -where they built a Town in 1639. and there they gathered their -first Church, consisting but of Seventy persons; but afterwards -increased to forty three Churches in joynt Communion with one -another, and in those Churches were about Seven thousand, seven -hundred and fifty Souls, Mr. _Endicot_ was chosen their first -Governour. - -The Twelfth of _July_ _Anno Dom._ 1630. _John Wenthorp_ Esq; and -the assistants, arrived with the Patent for the _Massachusets_, -the passage of the people that came along with him in ten Vessels -came to 95000 pound: the Swine, Goats, Sheep, Neat, Horses cost -to transport 12000 pound, besides the price they cost them; -getting food for the people till they could clear the ground of -wood amounted to 45000 pound: Nails, Glass, and other Iron work -for their meeting and dwelling houses 13000 pound; Arms, Powder, -Bullet, and Match, together with their Artillery 22000 pound, the -whole sum amounts unto One hundred ninety two thousand pounds. -They set down first upon _Noddles-Island_, afterwards they began -to build upon the main. In 1637. there were not many houses in -the Town of [p. 173.] _Boston_, amongst which were two houses of -entertainment called Ordinaries, into which if a stranger went, -he was presently followed by one appointed to that Office, who -would thrust himself into his company uninvited, and if he called -for more drink than the Officer thought in his judgment he could -soberly bear away, he would presently countermand it, and appoint -the proportion, beyond which he could not get one drop. - -The Patent was granted to Sir _Henry Rosewell_, Sir _John Young_ -Knight, _Thomas Southcoat_, _John Humphrey_, _John Endicot_, and -_Simon Whitecomb_, and to their Heirs, Assigns, and Associats -for ever. These took to them other Associats, as Sir _Richard -Saltonstall_, _Isaac Johnson_, _Samuel Aldersey_, _Jo. Ven_, -_Matth. Craddock_, _George Harwood_, _Increase Nowell_, _Rich. -Perry_, _Rich. Bellingham_, _Nathaniel Wright_, _Samuel Vasell_, -_Theophilus Eaton_, _Thomas Goffe_, _Thomas Adams_, _Jo. Brown_, -_Samuel Brown_, _Thomas Hutchins_, _Will. Vasell_, _Will. -Pinchon_ and _George Foxcroft_. _Matth. Craddock_ was ordained -and constituted Governour by Patent, and _Thomas Goffe_ Deputy -Governour of the said Company, the rest Assistants. - -That part of _New-England_ granted to [p. 174.] these -fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between a great -River called _Monumach_, alias _Merrimach_, and the often -frequented _Charles-River_, being in the bottom of a _Bay_ called -_Massachusets_, alias _Mattachusets_, alias _Massatusets-bay_; -and also those lands within the space of three _English_ miles, -on the South part of the said _Charles-River_, or any or every -part, and all the lands within three miles to the South-ward part -of the _Massachusets-bay_, and all those lands which lye within -the space of three _English_ miles to the North-ward of the River -_Merrimach_, or to the North-ward of any and every part thereof, -and all lands whatsoever within the limits aforesaid, North and -South, in latitude, and in breadth and length and longitude of -and within all the main land there, from the _Atlantick_ and -Western-Sea and Ocean on the East-part, to the South-Sea on the -West-part, and all lands and grounds, place and places, soils, -woods and wood-groves, Havens, Ports, Rivers, Waters, fishings -and Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the aforesaid lands and -limits, and every part and parcel thereof, and also all Islands -lying in _America_ aforesaid in the said Seas, or either of them -on the Western or Eastern [p. 175.] Coasts or parts of the said -tracts of lands. Also all mines and minerals as well Royal of Gold, -Silver, as others _&c._ With power to rule and govern both Sea and -land, holden of the East manner of _Greenwich_ in _Com. Kent_, in -free and common soccage, yielding and paying to the King the fifth -part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which shall be found at any time. - - -This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fact by the -name of the Governour and Company of the _Mattachusets-bay_ in -_New-England_. - - -That there shall be one Governour, and Deputy-Governour, and -Eighteen Assistants of the same Company from time to time. - - -That the Governour and Deputy-Governour, Assistants and all -other Officers to be chosen from amongst the free-men, the last -_Wednesday_ in _Easter_-term yearly in the general Court. - - -The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true and faithful to -the Government, and to give the same Oath to the other Officers. - - -[p. 176.] To hold a Court once a month, and any seven to be a -sufficient Court. - - -And that there shall be four general Courts kept in Term time, and -one great general and solemn Assembly to make Laws and Ordinances; -So they be not contrary and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of -the Realm of _England_. Their form of Government and what their -Laws concern, you may see in the ensuing Table. - -[p. 177.] - - { { Governour - { { { - { { 1 Magi- { { 1 Counsellers. - { { strates. { { - { { { Assistants. { { 1 of the whole - { 1 { { { Countrey. - { their { { 2 Judges { - { person { { { 2 of each town. - { { - { { - { { { 1 of the { 1 for their protection. - Their { { 2 People. { whole Countrey, { 2 for their provision. - Laws { { { - Con- { { 2 of each { 1 their lands. - cern { { Town, concerning. { 2 their Treasure. - { - { { 1 The - { { 1 Civil { publick { 1 in their personal - { { & they { State, or { inheritances, and - { { concern { 2 Particular { proprieties - { { { persons. { - { { { { 1 Of - { { { 2 in { buying - { { { Whether { 1 either { their { and - { { { between { of Tres- { mutual { selling - { { { the members { passes { com- { - { 2 of { { of { or { merce { 2 Lending - { causes { { their own { 2 of { whether { and - { { { Commonwealth { Capital { in { borrow- - { { 2 Cri- { & they are. { Crimes. { way { ing - { { minal. - { 2 Between { - { Burgesses { - { and the { 1 That we do them wrong. - { people, { - { and forraign { 2 That they do us wrong. - { Nations, { - { whether { - { in case { - -[p. 178.] _Anno Dom._ 1646. they drew up a body of their Laws for -the well ordering of their Commonwealth, as they not long since -termed it. - -The military part of their Commonwealth is governed by one -Major-General, and three Serjeant Majors; to the Major-General -belongeth particularly the Town of _Boston_, to the three Serjeant -Majors belong the four Counties, but with submission to the -Major-General. The first Serjeant Major chosen for the County -of _Suffolk_ was Major _Gibbons_. For the County of _Middlesex_ -Major _Sedgwick_. For the County of _Essex_ and _Northfolk_ Major -_Denison_. - -Every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn general -Court. - -For being drunk, they either whip or impose a fine of Five -shillings; so for swearing and cursing, or boring through the -tongue with a hot Iron. - -For kissing a woman in the street, though in way of civil salute, -whipping or a fine. - -For Single fornication whipping or a fine. - -For Adultery, put to death, and so for witchcraft. - -An _English_ woman suffering an _Indian_ to have carnal knowledge -of her, had an _Indian_ cut out exactly in red cloth sewed [p. -179.] upon her right Arm, and injoyned to wear it twelve moneths. - -Scolds they gag and set them at their doors for certain hours, for -all comers and goers by to gaze at. - -Stealing is punished with restoring four fould, if able; if not, -they are sold for some years, and so are poor debtors. - -If you desire a further inspection to their Laws, I must refer -you to them being in print, too many for to be inserted into this -Relation. - -The Governments of their Churches are Independent and Presbyterial, -every Church (for so they call their particular Congregations) -have one Pastor, one Teacher, Ruling Elders and Deacons. - -They that are members of their Churches have the Sacraments -administred to them, the rest that are out of the pale as they -phrase it, are denyed it. Many hundred Souls there be amongst them -grown up to men & womens estate that were never Christened. - -They judge every man and woman to pay Five shillings _per_ day, who -comes not to their Assemblies, and impose fines of forty shillings -and fifty shillings on such as meet together to worship God. - -[p. 180.] Quakers they whip, banish, and hang if they return again. - -Anabaptists they imprison, fine and weary out. - -The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the hands of the -thorow-pac’d Independents and rigid Presbyterians. - -The grose _Goddons_, or great masters, as also some of their -Merchants are damnable rich; generally all of their judgement, -inexplicably covetous and proud, they receive your gifts but as -an homage or tribute due to their transcendency, which is a fault -their Clergie are also guilty of, whose living is upon the bounty -of their hearers. On Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended -the people in the Galleries come down and march two a breast up one -Ile and down the other, until they come before the desk, for Pulpit -they have none: before the desk is a long pue where the Elders and -Deacons sit, one of them with a mony box in his hand, into which -the people as they pass put their offering, some a shilling, some -two shillings, half a Crown, five shillings according to their -ability and good will, after this they conclude with a Psalm; but -this by the way. - -The chiefest objects of discipline, Religion, [p. 181.] and -morality they want, some are of a _Linsie-woolsie_ disposition, of -several professions in Religion, all like _Æthiopians_ white in -the Teeth only, full of ludification and injurious dealing, and -cruelty the extreamest of all vices. The chiefest cause of _Noah’s_ -floud, Prov. 27. 26. _Agni erant ad vestitum tuum_, is a frequent -Text among them, no trading for a stranger with them, but with a -_Græcian_ faith, which is not to part with your ware without ready -money, for they are generally in their payments recusant and slow, -great Syndies, or censors, or controllers of other mens manners, -and savagely factious amongst themselves. - -There are many strange women too, (in _Salomon’s_ sence) more the -pitty, when a woman hath lost her Chastity, she hath no more to -lose. - -But mistake me not to general speeches, none but the guilty take -exceptions, there are many sincere and religious people amongst -them, descryed by their charity and humility (the true Characters -of Christianity) by their Zenodochie or hospitality, by their -hearty submission to their Soveraign the King of _England_, by -their diligent and honest labour in their callings, amongst these -we may account the Royalists, who are lookt upon with an evil eye, -and [p. 182.] tongue, boulted or punished if they chance to lash -out; the tame _Indian_ (for so they call those that are born in the -Countrey) are pretty honest too, and may in good time be known for -honest Kings men. - -They have store of Children, and are well accommodated with -Servants; many hands make light work, many hands make a full -fraught, but many mouths eat up all, as some old planters have -experimented; of these some are _English_, others _Negroes_: of the -_English_ there are can eat till they sweat, and work till they -freeze; & and of the females that are like Mrs. _Winters_ paddocks, -very tender fingerd in cold weather. - -There are none that beg in the Countrey, but there be Witches too -many, bottle-bellied Witches amongst the Quakers, and others that -produce many strange apparitions if you will believe report, of -a _Shallop_ at Sea man’d with women; of a Ship, and a great red -Horse standing by the main-mast, the Ship being in a small _Cove_ -to the East-ward vanished of a suddain. Of a Witch that appeared -aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mariner who took up the -Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her head with it, the Witch dying of -the wound at home, with such like bugbears and _Terriculamentaes_. - -[p. 183.] It is published in print, that there are not much less -than Ten hundred thousand souls _English_, _Scotch_ and _Irish_ in -_New-England_. - -Most of their first Magistrates are dead, not above two left in the -_Massachusets_, but one at _Plimouth_, one at _Connecticut_, and -one at _New-haven_, they having done their generation work are laid -asleep in their beds of rest till the day of doom, there and then -to receive their reward according as they have done be it good or -evil. Things of great indurance we see come to ruine, and alter, -as great Flouds and Seas dryed up; mighty hills and mountains sunk -into hollow bottoms: marvel not then that man is mortal, since his -nature is unconstant and transitory. - -The Diseases that the _English_ are afflicted with, are the same -that they have in _England_, with some proper to _New-England_, -griping of the belly (accompanied with Feaver and Ague) which -turns to the bloudy-flux, a common disease in the Countrey, which -together with the small pox hath carried away abundance of their -children, for this the common medicines amongst the poorer sort are -Pills of Cotton swallowed, or Sugar and Sallet-oyl boiled thick and -made into Pills, Alloes pulverized [p. 184.] and taken in the pap -of an Apple. I helped many of them with a sweating medicine only. - -Also they are troubled with a disease in the mouth or throat which -hath proved mortal to some in a very short time, Quinsies, and -Impostumations of the Almonds, with great distempers of cold. Some -of our _New-England_ writers affirm that the _English_ are never -or very rarely heard to sneeze or cough, as ordinarily they do in -_England_, which is not true. For a cough or stitch upon cold, -Wormwood, Sage, Marygolds, and Crabs-claws boiled in posset-drink -and drunk off very warm, is a soveraign medicine. - -Pleurisies and Empyemas are frequent there, both cured after one -and the same way; but the last is a desperate disease and kills -many. For the Pleurisie I have given _Coriander_-seed prepared, -_Carduus_ seed, and _Harts-horn_ pulverized with good success, the -dose one dram in a cup of Wine. - -The Stone terribly afflicts many, and the Gout, and Sciatica, for -which take Onions roasted, peeled and stampt, then boil them with -neats-feet oyl and Rhum to a plaister, and apply it to the hip. - -Head-aches are frequent, Palsies, Dropsies, Worms, -Noli-me-tangeres, Cancers, [p. 185.] pestilent Feavers. Scurvies, -the body corrupted with Sea-diet, Beef and Pork tainted, Butter -and Cheese corrupted, fish rotten, a long voyage, coming into the -searching sharpness of a purer climate, causeth death and sickness -amongst them. - -Men and Women keep their complexions, but lose their Teeth: the -Women are pittifully Tooth-shaken; whether through the coldness -of the climate, or by sweet-meats of which they have store, I am -not able to affirm, for the Toothach I have found the following -medicine very available, Brimstone and Gunpowder compounded with -butter, rub the mandible with it, the outside being first warm’d. - -For falling off of the hair occasioned by the coldness of the -climate, and to make it curl, take of the strong water called Rhum -and wash or bath your head therewith, it is an admirable remedie. - -For kibed heels, to heal them take the yellowest part of Rozen, -pulverize it and work it in the palm of your hand with the tallow -of a Candle to a salve, and lay of it to the sore. - -For frozen limbs, a plaister framed with Soap, Bay-salt, and -Molosses is sure, or Cow-dung boiled in milk and applyed. - -For Warts and Corns, bathe them with Sea-water. - -[p. 186.] There was in the Countrey not long since living two men -that voided worms seven times their length. Likewise a young maid -that was troubled with a sore pricking at her heart, still as she -lean’d her body, or stept down with her foot to the one side or -the other; this maid during her distemper voided worms of the -length of a finger all hairy with black heads; it so fell out that -the maid dyed; her friends desirous to discover the cause of the -distemper of her heart, had her open’d, and found two crooked bones -growing upon the top of the heart, which as she bowed her body to -the right or left side would job their points into one and the same -place, till they had worn a hole quite through. At _Cape-Porpus_ -lived an honest poor planter of middle-age, and strong of body, but -so extreamly troubled with two lumps (or wens as I conjectured) -within him, on each side one, that he could not rest for them day -nor night, being of great weight, and swagging to the one side or -the other, according to the motion or posture of his body; at last -he dyed in _Anno_ 1668 as I think, or thereabouts. Some Chirurgeons -there were that proffered to open him, but his wife would not -assent to it, and so his disease was hidden in the Grave. - -[p. 187.] It is the opinion of many men, that the blackness of the -_Negroes_ proceeded from the curse upon _Cham’s_ posterity, others -again will have it to be the property of the climate where they -live. I pass by other Philosophical reasons and skill, only render -you my experimental knowledge: having a _Barbarie-moor_ under cure, -whose finger (prickt with the bone of a fish) was Impostumated, -after I had lanc’d it and let out the Corruption the skin began -to rise with proud flesh under it; this I wore away, and having -made a sound bottom I incarnated it, and then laid on my skinning -plaister, then I perceived that the _Moor_ had one skin more than -_Englishmen_; the skin that is basted to the flesh is bloudy and of -the same Azure colour with the veins, but deeper than the colour -of our _Europeans_ veins. Over this is an other skin of a tawny -colour, and upon that _Epidermis_ or _Cuticula_, the flower of the -skin (which is that Snakes cast) and this is tawny also, the colour -of the blew skin mingling with the tawny makes them appear black. -I do not peremptorily affirm this to be the cause, but submit -to better judgment. More rarities of this nature I could make -known unto you, but I hasten to an end; only a word or two of our -_English_ Creatures and then to Sea again. - -[p. 188.] I have given you an Account of such plants as prosper -there, and of such as do not; but so briefly, that I conceive it -necessary to afford you some what more of them. _Plantain_ I told -you sprang up in the Countrey after the _English_ came, but it is -but one sort, and that is broad-leaved plantain. - -_Gilliflowers_ thrive exceedingly there and are very large, the -Collibuy or humming-Bird is much pleased with them. Our _English_ -dames make Syrup of them without fire, they steep them in Wine -till it be of a deep colour, and then they put to it spirit of -_Vitriol_, it will keep as long as the other. - -_Eglantine_ or sweet _Bryer_ is best sowen with _Juniper-berries_, -two or three to one _Eglantine-berry_ put into a hole made with a -stick, the next year separate and remove them to your banks, in -three years time they will make a hedge as high as a man, which you -may keep thick and handsome with cutting. - -Our _English Clover-grass_ sowen thrives very well. - -_Radishes_ I have seen there as big as a man’s Arm. - -_Flax_ and _Hemp_ flourish gallantly. - -Our _Wheat_ i. e. summer _Wheat_ many [p. 189.] times changeth -into _Rye_, and is subject to be blasted, some say with a vapour -breaking out of the earth, others, with a wind North-east or -North-west, at such time as it flowereth, others again say it is -with lightning. I have observed, that when a land of _Wheat_ hath -been smitten with a blast at one Corner, it hath infected the rest -in a weeks time, it begins at the stem (which will be spotted and -goes upwards to the ear making it fruitless): in 1669 the pond that -lyeth between _Water-town_ and _Cambridge_, cast its fish dead upon -the shore, forc’t by a mineral vapour as was conjectured. - -Our fruit-Trees prosper abundantly, _Apple-trees_, _Pear-trees_, -_Quince-trees_, _Cherry-trees_, _Plum-trees_, _Barberry-trees_. I -have observed with admiration, that the Kernels sown or the Succors -planted produce as fair & good fruit, without graffing, as the -Tree from whence they were taken: the Countrey is replenished with -fair and large Orchards. It was affirmed by one Mr. _Woolcut_ (a -magistrate in _Connecticut_ Colony) at the Captains Messe (of which -I was) aboard the Ship I came home in, that he made Five hundred -Hogsheads of _Syder_ out of his own Orchard in one year. _Syder_ is -very plentiful in the Countrey, ordinarily sold for Ten shillings -a Hogshead. At the [p. 190.] Tap-houses in _Boston_ I have had an -Ale-quart spic’d and sweetned with Sugar for a groat, but I shall -insert a more delicate mixture of it. Take of _Maligo-Raisons_, -stamp them and put milk to them, and put them in an _Hippocras_ -bag and let it drain out of it self, put a quantity of this with a -spoonful or two of Syrup of _Clove-Gilliflowers_ into every bottle, -when you bottle your _Syder_, and your Planter will have a liquor -that exceeds _passada_, the Nectar of the Countrey. - -The _Quinces_, _Cherries_, _Damsons_, set the Dames a work, -_Marmalad_ and preserved Damsons is to be met with in every house. -It was not long before I left the Countrey that I made _Cherry -wine_, and so may others, for there are good store of them both red -and black. - -Their fruit-trees are subject to two diseases, the _Meazels_, which -is when they are burned and scorched with the Sun, and lowsiness, -when the wood-peckers job holes in their bark: the way to cure them -when they are lowsie is to bore a hole into the main root with an -Augur, and pour in a quantity of Brandie or Rhum, and then stop it -up with a pin made of the same Tree. - -The first Neat carried thither was to [p. 191.] _New-Plimouth_ -_Anno_ 1624 these thrive and increase exceedingly, but grow less in -body than those they are bred of yearly. - -Horses there are numerous, and here and there a good one, they let -them run all the year abroad, and in the winter seldom provide -any fother for them, (except it be Magistrates, great Masters and -Troopers Horses) which brings them very low in flesh till the -spring, and so crest fallen, that their crests never rise again. -Here I first met with that excrescence called _Hippomanes_, which -by some is said to grow on the forehead of a foal new cast, and -that the Mare bites it off as soon as foaled; but this is but -a fable. A neighbour at _Black-point_ having a Mare with foal, -tyed her up in his Barn, the next day she foaled, and the man -standing by spied a thing like a foals tongue to drop out of the -foals mouth, which he took up and presented me with it, telling me -withall, that he had heard many wonderful things reported of it, -and that it was rank poyson. I accepted of it gladly and brought -it home with me, when it was dry, it lookt like Glew, but of a dark -brown colour; to omit all other uses for it, this I can assure you -that a piece of it soakt in warm water or cold, will take spots out -of wollen Clothes being rub’d thereon. - -[p. 192.] _Goats_ were the first small Cattle they had in the -Countrey, he was counted no body that had not a Trip or Flock of -_Goats_: a hee-_Goat_ gelt at _Michaelmas_ and turn’d out to feed -will be fat in a moneths time, & is as good meat as a weather. I -was taught by a _Barbary Negro_ a medicine which before I proceed -any further I will impart unto you, and that was for a swelling -under the throat. Take _Goats_ hair and clay and boil them in fair -water to a poultis, and apply it very warm. - -_Sheep_ now they have good store, these and _Goats_ bring forth -two, sometimes three _Lambs_ and _Kids_ at a time. - -_Hoggs_ are here innumerable, every planter hath a Heard, when they -feed upon shell-fish and the like, as they do that are kept near -the Sea and by the fishers stages, they tast fishie and rank; but -fed with white Oak-Acorns, or _Indian_-Corn and Pease there is not -better Pork in the whole world: besides they sometimes have the -_Meazels_, which is known when their hinder legs are shorter than -ordinary. - -_Catts_ and _Dogs_ are as common as in _England_, but our _Dogs_ in -time degenerate; yet they have gallant _Dogs_ both for fowl & wild -Beasts all over the Countrey: the _Indians_ store themselves with -them, being much [p. 193.] better for their turns, than their breed -of wild dogs, which are (as I conceive) like to the _Tasso_-canes -or mountain dogs in _Italy_. - -Of _English_ Poultry too there is good store, they have commonly -three broods in a year; the hens by that time they are three years -old have spurs like the Cock, but not altogether so big, but as -long, they use to crow often, which is so rare a thing in other -Countries, that they have a proverb _Gallina recinit_ a Hen crowes. -And in _England_ it is accounted ominous; therefore our Farmers -wives as soon as they hear a Hen crow wring off her neck, and so -they serve their spur’d Hens, because they should not break their -Eggs with their spurs when they sit. In the year 1637. which was -when I went my first Voyage to _New-England_ a good woman brought -aboard with her a lusty Cock and Hen that had horns like spurs -growing out on each side of their Combs, but she spoiled the breed, -killing of them at Sea, to feed upon, for she loved a fresh bit. - -In _Anno_ 1647/8. Certain _Indians_ coming to our house clad -in _Deere-skin_ coats, desired leave to lodge all night in our -kitchin, it being a very rainie season, some of them lay down in -the middle of the Room, and others under the Table, in the morning -they [p. 194.] went away before any of the people were up; the -poultry had their breakfast usually in cold weather in the kitchin, -and because they should not hinder the passing of the people too -and again, it was thrown under the Table; in the afternoon they -began to hang the wing, in the night the sickest dropt dead from -the perch, and the next day most of them dyed; we could not of a -sudden ghess at the cause, but thought the _Indians_ had either -bewitched, or poysoned them: it came at last into my head, seeing -their Crops very full, or rather much swell’d, to open them, where -I found as much _Deers_ hair as Corn, they that pickt up none of -the hair lived and did well. - -In the year 1667. _October_ the 7th amongst our poultry we had one -white game Cock of the _French_ kind, a bird of high price, when he -was three years old he drooped and his spirit was quite gone; one -of our _Negro_ maids finding him in the yard dead brought him into -the house and acquainted me with it. I caused her to draw him, when -his guts were all drawn out she put in her hand again and felt a -lump in his body as big as a half-peny loaf, strongly fastned to -his back, and much ado she had to pull it out; I found it to be -a tuff bag, containing stuff like liver, and very heavie, at one -end [p. 195.] of the bag, another little bag filled with a fatty -matter, his gizard, liver, and heart wasted. The Pipe or Roupe is -a common disease amongst their poultry infecting one another with -it. I conceive it cometh of a cold moisture of the brain, they will -be very sleepie with it, the best cure for it is _Garlick_, and -smoaking of them with dryed _Hysope_. - -In _September_ following my Arrivage in the _Massachusets_ about -the twelfth hour of the eight day, I shipt my self and goods in a -Bark bound to the East-ward, meeting as we sailed out the _Dutch_ -Governour of _New-Netherlands_, who was received and entertained -at _Boston_ by the Governour and Magistrates with great solemnity. -About nine of the clock at night we came to _Salem_ and lay aboard -all night. - -The Ninth day we went ashore to view the Town which is a mile long, -and lay that night at a Merchants house. - -The Tenth day we came from _Salem_ about twelve of the clock back -to _Marble-head_: here we went ashore and recreated our selves with -Musick and a cup of Sack and saw the Town, about ten at night we -returned to our Bark and lay aboard. - -The Eleventh being Saturday, and the wind contrary, we came to -_Charles-town_, [p. 196.] again about twelve of the clock we took -store of _Mackarel_. - -The Thirteenth being Monday, we went aboard again about nine of the -clock in the morning and out to Sea, about Sun going down we took -store of _Mackarel_. The - -wind was scanty all along, and in the night time we durst not bear -much sail, because of the Rocks and foaming breakers that lay in -our way. - -The Fourteenth day we came up with _Pascataway_, or _Pascatique_, -where there is a large River and a fair harbour, within here -is seated a Colony, properly belonging to the Heirs of Captain -_Mason_ sometime since of _London_; but taken into the Colony of -_Massachusets_, by what right I will not here discuss. - -The chiefest places of note are the _Bay_ or _Harbour_ North from -_Boston_, on the West-side of the Harbour are built many fair -houses, and so in another part called _Strawberry-bank_. - -By the Harbour is an Island which of late days is filled with -buildings, besides there are two Towns more seated up higher upon -the River, the one called _Dover_; the River-banks are clothed -with stately Timber, and here are two miles meadow land and arable -enough; the other town is called _Excester_. - -[p. 197.] At the River _Pascataway_ begins the Province of _Main_: -having pleased our selves with the sight of _Pascataway_ at a -distance we sailed on, and came to _Black-point_. - -The Fifteenth day, about eight of the clock at night, where the -next day I was shrewdly pinched with a great frost, but having two -or three bottles of excellent _Passada_, and good cheer bestowed -upon me I made a shift to bear it out, and now we are in the -Province of _Main_. - -The Province of _Main_, (or the Countrey of the _Traquoes_) -heretofore called _Laconia_ or _New-Summersetshire_, is a Colony -belonging to the Grandson of Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ of _Ashton -Phillips_ in the County of _Sommerset_, the said Sir _Ferdinando -Gorges_ did expend in planting several parts of _New-England_ above -Twenty thousand pounds _sterling_; and when he was between three -and four score years of age did personally engage in our Royal -Martyrs service; and particularly in the Seige of _Bristow_, and -was plundered and imprisoned several times, by reason whereof he -was discountenanced by the pretended Commissioners for forraign -plantations, and his Province incroached upon by the _Massachusets_ -Colony, who assumed the Government thereof. His Majestie that now -Reigneth sent over his [p. 198.] Commissioners to reduce them -within their bounds, and to put Mr. _Gorges_ again into possession. -But there falling out a contest about it, the Commissioners settled -it in the Kings name (until the business should be determined -before his Majestie) and gave Commissions to the Judge of their -Courts, and the Justices to Govern and Act according to the Laws -of _England_, & by such Laws of their own as were not repugnant to -them: But as soon as the Commissioners were returned for _England_, -the _Massachusets_ enter the province in a hostile manner with a -Troop of Horse and Foot and turn’d the Judge and his Assistants -off the Bench, Imprisoned the Major or Commander of the Militia, -threatned the Judge, and some others that were faithful to Mr. -_Gorges_ interests. I could discover many other foul proceedings, -but for some reasons which might be given, I conceive it not -convenient to make report thereof to vulgar ears; _& quæ supra nos -nihil ad nos_. Onely this I could wish, that there might be some -consideration of the great losses, charge and labour which hath -been sustained by the Judge, and some others for above thirty years -in upholding the rights of Mr. _Gorge_ and his Sacred Majesties -Dominion against a many stubborn and elusive people. - -[p. 199.] _Anno Dom._ 1623. Mr. _Robert Gorge_, Sir _Ferdinando -Gorges_ brother had for his good service granted him by Patent -from the Council of _Plimouth_ all that part of the Land commonly -called _Massachusiack_, situated on the North-side of the Bay of -_Massachusets_. - -Not long after this Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ had granted to him by -Patent from the middest of _Merrimack_-River to the great River -_Sagadehock_, then called _Laconia_. - -In 1635. Capt. _William Gorge_, Sir _Ferdinando’s_ Nephew, was -sent over Governour of the Province of _Main_, then called -_New-Summersetshire_. - -Sir _Ferdinando Gorge_ received a Charter-Royal from King _Charles_ -the first the third of _April_ in the Fifteenth of his Raign, -granting to him all that part and portion of _New-England_, lying -and being between the River of _Pascataway_, that is, beginning at -the entrance of _Pascataway-harbour_, and so to pass up the same -into the River of _Newichawanoe_ or _Neqhechewanck_, and through -the same unto the farthest head thereof aforesaid, North-eastward -along the Sea-coasts, for Sixty miles to _Sagadehoc_-River to -_Kenebeck_, even as far as the head thereof, and up into the main -land North-westward for the space of one hundred and twenty [p. -200.] miles. To these Territories are adjoyned the North half-Isle -of _Sholes_, with several other Islands, it lyeth between 44 -degrees and 45 of Northerly latitude. The River _Canada_ on the -North-east the Sea coast South, amongst many large Royalties, -Jurisdictions and Immunities was also granted to the said Sir -_Ferdinando Gorge_, the same Royalties, priviledges and franchises -as are, or of right ought to be enjoyed by the Bishop of _Durham_ -in the County Palatine of _Durham_; the planters to pay for every -hundred Acres of land yearly, two shillings six pence, that is such -land as is given to them and their Heirs for ever. - -The Officers by Patent are a Deputy Governour, a Chancellor, a -Treasurer, a Marshal for Souldiers, an Admiraltie for Sea affairs, -and a Judge of the Admiraltie, a Master of Ordinance, a Secretary, -_&c._ - -Towns there are not many in this province. _Kittery_ situated not -far from _Pascataway_ is the most populous. - -Next to that Eastward is seated by a River near the Sea _Gorgiana_, -a Majoraltie, and the Metropolitan of the province. - -Further to the Eastward is the Town of _Wells_. - -_Cape-Porpus_ Eastward of that, where there is a Town by the Sea -side of the same name, [p. 201.] the houses scatteringly built, all -these Towns have store of salt and fresh marsh with arable land, -and are well stockt with Cattle. - -About eight or nine mile to the East-ward of _Cape-Porpus_, is -_Winter harbour_, a noted place for Fishers, here they have many -stages. - -_Saco_ adjoyns to this, and both make one scattering Town of large -extent, well stored with Cattle, arable land and marshes, and a -Saw-mill. - -Six mile to the Eastward of _Saco_ & forty mile from _Gorgiana_ -is seated the Town of _Black point_, consisting of about fifty -dwelling houses, and a Magazine or _Doganne_, scatteringly built, -they have store of neat and horses, of sheep near upon Seven -or Eight hundred, much arable and marsh salt and fresh, and a -Corn-mill. - -To the Southward of the _point_ (upon which are stages for -fishermen) lye two small Islands beyond the point, North-eastward -runs the River _Spurwinch_. - -Four miles from _Black-point_, one mile from _Spurwinch_-River -Eastward lyeth _Richmans-Island_, whose longitude is 317 degrees 30 -seconds, and latitude 43 degrees and 34 minutes, it is three mile -in circumference, and hath a passable and gravelly ford on the [p. -202.] North-side, between the main and the Sea at low-water: here -are found excellent Whetstones, and here likewise are stages for -fishermen. - -Nine mile Eastward of _Black-point_ lyeth scatteringly the Town -of _Casco_ upon a large Bay, stored with Cattle, Sheep, Swine, -abundance of marsh and Arable land, a Corn-mill or two, with stages -for fishermen. - -Further East-ward is the Town of _Kenebeck_ seated upon the River. - -Further yet East-ward is _Sagadehock_, where there are many houses -scattering, and all along stages for fishermen, these too are -stored with Cattle and Corn lands. - -The mountains and hills that are to be taken notice of, are first -_Acomenticus_ hills, between _Kettery_ and _Gorgiana_, the high -hills of _Ossapey_ to the West-ward of _Saco_ River, where the -princely _Pilhanaw_ Ayries, the white mountains, to the North-ward -of _Black-point_, the highest _Terrasse_ in _New-England_, you -have the description of it in my Treatise of the rarities of -_New-England_. - -A Neighbour of mine rashly wandering out after some stray’d Cattle, -lost his way, and coming as we conceived by his Relation near to -the head spring of some of the branches of _Black-point_ River -or _Saco_-River, [p. 203.] light into a Tract of land for God -knowes how many miles full of delfes and dingles, and dangerous -precipices, Rocks and inextricable difficulties which did justly -daunt, yea quite deter him from endeavouring to pass any further: -many such like places are to be met with in _New-England_. - -The ponds or lakes in this province are very large and many, out -of which the great Rivers have their original; we read of the lake -_Balsena_ that is thirty miles about, here are that come very near -to it, stored with all sorts of fresh water fish; and if you will -believe report, in one of them huge fishes like Whales are to be -seen, and some of them have fair Islands in them. Twelve mile from -_Casco-bay_, and passable for men and horses, is a lake called -by the _Indians_ _Sebug_, on the brink thereof at one end is the -famous Rock shap’d like a _Moose-Deere_ or _Helk_, Diaphanous, and -called the _Moose-Rock_. Here are found stones like Crystal, and -_Lapis Specularis_ or _Muscovia_ glass both white and purple. - -On the East-side of _Black-point_ River, upon a plain, close to -the Sea-bank is a pond two mile in compass, fish it produceth, -but those very small and black, and a number of Frogs and Snakes, -and much [p. 204.] frequented by wild-fowl, _Ducks_, _Teal_, and -wild-_Swins_, and _Geese_, especially spring and fall when they -pass along to the South-ward, and return again to the North-ward -where they breed. - -The principal Rivers in the province of _Main_, are -_Pascataway_-River, _York_-River, _Kenibunck_-River, near to this -River clay bullets were cast up by a mineral vapour, this River -is by the Town of _Wells_. Then _Saco_-River on the East-side of -the Town, the shore Rockie all along on both sides, where musick -echoes from several places: seven miles up the River is a great -fall where abundance of _Salmon_ and _Lamprons_ are taken at the -fall; a great way up, the River runs upon the Rock, _in rupibus -defendendo efficit rivos_, he cutteth out Rivers among the Rocks, -saith _Job_, of the Almighty, _Job_ 28. 10. A little above the -fall is a saw-mill. Then _Black-point_-River divided into many -branches; this as most of the Rivers in _New-England_, is bar’d -with a bank of Sand, where the _Indians_ take _Sturgeon_ and -_Basse_. _Spur-winck_-River is next, which by his near approach -to _Black-point_-River maketh that neck of land almost an Island. -Further East-ward is _Kenebeck_-river fifty leagues off of -_New-Plimouth_ East-ward, and _Pechipscut_ famous [p. 205.] for -multitudes of mighty large _Sturgeon_. The last river of the -province East-ward is the great river _Sagadehock_ where Sir _John -Pophams_ Colony seated themselves. - -The chief harbours are _Cape-porpus_, _Winter harbour_, in -which are some small Islands, _Black-point_, _Richmans-Island_, -_Casco-bay_ the largest in the province full of Islands. - -From _Sagadehock_ to _Nova-Scotia_ is called the Duke of _Yorkes_ -province, here _Pemmaquid_, _Montinicus_, _Mohegan, apeanawhagen_, -where Capt. _Smith_ fisht for _Whales_; _Muscataquid_, all fill’d -with dwelling houses and stages for fishermen, and have plenty of -Cattle, arable land and marshes. - -_Nova Scotia_ was sold by the Lord _Starling_ to the _French_, and -is now wholly in their possession. - -Now we are come to _New-found-land_, which is over against the gulf -of St. _Lawrence_, an Island near as spacious as _Ireland_, and -lyeth distant from the Continent as far as _England_ is from the -nearest part of _France_, and near half the way between _Ireland_ -and _Virginia_, its longitude is 334 degrees 20 seconds, and North -latitude 46 degrees 30 minutes, or as others will 53 minutes. _The -longitude of places are uncertainly reported, but in latitudes most -agree._ [p. 206.] _Longitude is the distance of the meridian of any -place from the meridian which passeth over the Isles of_ Azores, -_where the beginning of longitude is said to be. The meridian is -a great circle dividing the Equinoctial at right Angles into two -equal parts, passing also through both the Poles, and the Zenith, -to which circle the Sun coming twice every 24 hours, maketh the -middle of the day, and the middle of the night. Every place hath -a several meridian, but they all meet in the poles of the world. -Latitude is counted from the Equinoctial to the end of 30 degrees -on each side thereof. The Equinoctial is a great circle imagined -in the Heavens, also dividing the heavens into two equal parts, -and lying just in the middle betwixt the two poles, being in -compass from West to East, 360 degrees, every degree thereof on the -terrestrial Globe valuing 20 English miles, [leagues?] or 60 miles._ - -Into the Bay of St. _Lawrence_ the River of St. _Lawrence_ or -_Canada_ disimbogues it self, a River far exceeding any River in -the elder world, thirty or forty mile over at the mouth, and in -the Channel one hundred fathom deep; it runs on the back-side -of _New-England_ and _Virginia_: the _French_ (it is said) have -gone up six weeks voyage in it, and have not yet discovered the -spring-head: the longitude is 334 degrees [p. 207.] 11 seconds, in -50 degrees 21 minutes of North latitude. This may satisfie a modest -Reader, and I hope yield no offence to any. I shall onely speak a -word or two of the people in the province of _Main_ and the Dukes -province, and so conclude. - -The people in the province of _Main_ may be divided into -Magistrates, Husbandmen, or Planters, and fishermen; of the -Magistrates some be Royalists, the rest perverse Spirits, the like -are the planters and fishers, of which some be planters and fishers -both, others meer fishers. - -Handicrafts-men there are but few, the Tumelor or Cooper, Smiths -and Carpenters are best welcome amongst them, shop-keepers there -are none, being supplied by the _Massachusets_ Merchants with -all things they stand in need of, keeping here and there fair -Magazines stored with _English_ goods, but they set excessive -prices on them, if they do not gain _Cent per Cent_, they cry out -that they are losers, hence _English_ shooes are sold for Eight -and Nine shillings a pair, worsted stockins of Three shillings six -pence a pair, for Seven and Eight shillings a pair, Douglass that -is sold in _England_ for one or two and twenty pence an ell, for -four shillings a yard, Serges of two shillings or three shillings -a yard, for Six and Seven [p. 208.] shillings a yard, and so all -sorts of Commodities both for planters and fishermen, as Cables, -Cordage, Anchors, Lines, Hooks, Nets, Canvas for sails, _&c._ -Bisket twenty five shillings a hundred, Salt at an excessive rate, -pickled-herrin for winter bait Four and five pound a barrel (with -which they speed not so well as the waggish lad at _Cape-porpus_, -who baited his hooks with the drown’d _Negro’s_ buttocks) so for -Pork and Beef. - -The planters are or should be restless pains takers, providing -for their Cattle, planting and sowing of Corn, fencing their -grounds, cutting and bringing home fuel, cleaving of claw-board -and pipe-staves, fishing for fresh water fish and fowling takes -up most of their time, if not all; the diligent hand maketh rich, -but if they be of a droanish disposition as some are, they become -wretchedly poor and miserable, scarce able to free themselves and -family from importunate famine, especially in the winter for want -of bread. - -They have a custom of taking Tobacco, sleeping at noon, sitting -long at meals some-times four times in a day, and now and then -drinking a dram of the bottle extraordinarily: the smoaking of -Tobacco, if moderately used refresheth the weary much, and so doth -sleep. - -[p. 209.] - - _A Traveller five hours doth crave - To sleep, a Student seven will have, - And nine sleeps every Idle knave._ - -The Physitian allowes but three draughts at a meal, the first for -need, the second for pleasure, and the third for sleep; but little -observed by them, unless they have no other liquor to drink but -water. In some places where the springs are frozen up, or at least -the way to their springs made unpassable by reason of the snow and -the like, they dress their meat in _Aqua Cælestis_, i. e. melted -snow, at other times it is very well cook’t, and they feed upon -(generally) as good flesh, Beef, Pork, Mutton, Fowl and fish as any -is in the whole world besides. - -Their Servants which are for the most part _English_, when they are -out of their time, will not work under half a Crown a day, although -it be for to make hay, and for less I do not see how they can, by -reason of the dearness of clothing. If they hire them by the year, -they pay them Fourteen or Fifteen pound, yea Twenty pound at the -years end in Corn, Cattle and fish: some of these prove excellent -fowlers, bringing in as many as will maintain their masters house; -besides the profit that accrews by their feathers, [p. 210.] They -use (when it is to be had) a great round shot, called _Barstable_ -shot, (which is best for fowl) made of a lead blacker than our -common lead, to six pound of shot they allow one pound of powder, -Cannon powder is esteemed best. - -The fishermen take yearly upon the coasts many hundred kentals of -Cod, hake, haddock, polluck _&c._ which they split, salt and dry -at their stages, making three voyages in a year. When they share -their fish (which is at the end of every voyage) they separate the -best from the worst, the first they call Merchantable fish, being -sound, full grown fish and well made up, which is known when it is -clear like a Lanthorn horn and without spots; the second sort they -call refuse fish, that is such as is salt burnt, spotted, rotten, -and carelesly ordered: these they put off to the _Massachusets_ -Merchants; the merchantable for thirty and two and thirty ryals -a kental, (a kental is an hundred and twelve pound weight) the -refuse for Nine shillings and Ten shillings a kental, the Merchant -sends the merchantable fish to _Lisbonne_, _Bilbo_, _Burdeaux_, -_Marsiles_, _Talloon_, _Rochel_, _Roan_, and other Cities of -_France_, to the _Canaries_ with claw-board and pipe-staves which -is there and at the _Charibs_ a prime Commodity: the refuse fish -they put [p. 211.] off at the _Charib-Islands_, _Barbadoes_, -_Jamaica_, &c. who feed their _Negroes_ with it. - -To every Shallop belong four fishermen, a Master or Steersman, a -Midship-man, and a Foremast-man, and a shore man who washes it out -of the salt, and dries it upon hurdles pitcht upon stakes breast -high and tends their Cookery; these often get in one voyage Eight -or Nine pound a man for their shares, but it doth some of them -little good, for the Merchant to increase his gains by putting off -his Commodity in the midst of their voyages, and at the end thereof -comes in with a walking Tavern, a Bark laden with the Legitimate -bloud of the rich grape, which they bring from _Phial_, _Madera_, -_Canaries_, with _Brandy_, _Rhum_, the _Barbadoes strong-water_, -and _Tobacco_, coming ashore he gives them a taster or two, which -so charms them, that for no perswasions that their imployers can -use will they go out to Sea, although fair and seasonable weather, -for two or three days, nay sometimes a whole week till they are -wearied with drinking, taking ashore two or three Hogsheads of -_Wine_ and _Rhum_ to drink off when the Merchant is gone. If a man -of quality chance to come where they are roystering and gulling in -_Wine_ with a dear felicity, he must be sociable and _Roly-poly_ -with them, taking off [p. 212] their liberal cups as freely, or -else be gone, which is best for him, for when _Wine_ in their guts -is at full Tide, they quarrel, fight and do one another mischief, -which is the conclusion of their drunken compotations. When the -day of payment comes, they may justly complain of their costly -sin of drunkenness, for their shares will do no more than pay the -reckoning; if they save a Kental or two to buy shooes and stockins, -shirts and wastcoats with, ’tis well, other-wayes they must enter -into the Merchants books for such things as they stand in need off, -becoming thereby the Merchants slaves, & when it riseth to a big -sum are constrained to mortgage their plantation if they have any, -the Merchant when the time is expired is sure to seize upon their -plantation and stock of Cattle, turning them out of house and home, -poor Creatures, to look out for a new habitation in some remote -place where they begin the world again. The lavish planters have -the same fate, partaking with them in the like bad husbandry, of -these the Merchant buys Beef, Pork, Pease, Wheat and _Indian_ Corn, -and sells it again many times to the fishermen. Of the same nature -are the people in the Dukes province, who not long before I left -the Countrey petitioned the Governour and Magistrates in [p. 213.] -the _Massachusets_ to take them into their Government, Birds of a -feather will ralley together. - -_Anno Dom._ 1671. The year being now well spent, and the Government -of the province turned topsiturvy, being heartily weary and -expecting the approach of winter, I took my leave of my friends -at _Black-point_. And on the 28 of _August_ being Monday I shipt -my self and my goods aboard of a shallop bound for _Boston_: -towards Sun-set, the wind being contrary, we put into _Gibbons_ his -Island, a small Island in _Winter-harbour_ about two leagues from -_Black-point_ West-ward, here we stayed till the 30. day being -Wednesday, about nine of the clock we set sail, and towards Sun-set -came up with _Gorgiana_, the 31 day being Thursday we put into -_Cape-Ann_-harbour about Sun-set. _September_ the 1 being Saturday -in the morning before day we set sail and came to _Boston_ about -three of the clock in the afternoon, where I found the Inhabitants -exceedingly afflicted with griping of the guts, and Feaver, and -Ague, and bloudy Flux. - -The Eight day of _October_ being Wednesday, I boarded the -new-Supply of _Boston_ 120 Tun, a ship of better sail than defence, -her Guns being small, and for salutation only, the Master Capt. -_Fairweather_, her [p. 214.] sailers 16. and as many passengers. -Towards night I returned to _Boston_ again, the next day being -Thanksgiving day, on Fryday the Tenth day we weighed Anchor and -fell down to _Hull_. - -The 12 and 13 day about 20 leagues from _Cape-Sable_ a bitter storm -took us, beginning at seven of the clock at night, which put us in -terrible fear of being driven upon the _Cape_, or the Island of -_Sables_ where many a tall ship hath been wrackt. - -_November_ the One and twenty about two of the clock afternoon we -saw within kenning before us thick clouds, which put us in hope of -land, the _Boson_ brings out his purse, into which the passengers -put their good will, then presently he nails it to the main-mast, -up go the boyes to the main-mast-top sitting there like so many -_Crowes_, when after a while one of them cryes out land, which was -glad tidings to the wearied passengers, the boyes descend, and the -purse being taken from the mast was distributed amongst them, the -lad that first descryed land having a double share: about three of -the clock _Scilly_ was three leagues off. - -The four and twentieth day we came to _Deal_, from thence the 25. -to _Lee_, the 26. being Sunday we steemed the Tide to _Gravesend_, -about two of the clock [p. 215.] afternoon. The 27 we came up with -_Wollich_ where I landed and refresht my self for that night, next -day I footed it four or five miles to _Bexley_ in _Kent_ to visit a -near kinsman, the next day proved rainie, the 30 day being Fryday -my kinsman accommodated me with a Horse and his man to _Greenwich_, -where I took a pair of Oars and went aboard our Ship then lying -before _Radcliff_, here I lay that night. Next day being Saturday, -and the first of _December_ I cleared my goods, shot the bridge and -landed at the _Temple_ about seven of the clock at night, which -makes my voyage homeward 7 weeks and four days, and from my first -setting out from _London_ to my returning to _London_ again Eight -years Six moneths and odd days. - -Now by the merciful providence of the Almighty, having perform’d -Two voyages to the North-east parts of the Western-world, I am -safely arrived in my Native Countrey; having in part made good the -_French_ proverb, Travail where thou canst, but dye where thou -oughtest, that is, in thine own Countrey. - - -_FINIS._ - - - - - Chronological - - OBSERVATIONS - - OF - - AMERICA, - - From the year of the World - to the year of Christ, - 1673. - - [Illustration: (Decorative icon.)] - - _LONDON_: - - Printed for _Giles Widdowes_, at the _Green-Dragon_ - in St. _Paul’s_-Church-yard, 1674. - - - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - -The Preface. - - -_The Terrestrial World is by our learned Geographers divided -into four parts_, Europe, Asia, Africa _and_ America _so named -from_ Americus Vespucius _the_ Florentine, _Seven years after_ -Columbus; _although_ Columbus _and_ Cabota _deserved rather the -honour of being Godfathers to it: notwithstanding by this name -it is now known to us, but was utterly unknown to the Ancient_ -Europeans _before their times, I will not say_ to the _Africans_ -and _Asians_, for _Plato_ in his _Timeus_ relateth of a great -Island called _Atlantis_, and _Philo_ the _Jew_ in his book _De -mundo_, that it was over-flowen with water, by reason of a mighty -Earthquake; The like happened to it 600 years before _Plato_: thus -was the _Atlantick_ Ocean, caused to be a Sea, _if you will believe -the same Philosopher, who flourished_ 366 _years before the Birth -of our Saviour_. - -America _is bounded on the South with the streight of_ Magellan, -_where there are many Islands distinguished by an interflowing Bay; -the West with the pacifique Sea, or_ mare-del-zur, _which Sea runs -towards the North, separateing it from the East parts of_ Asia; -_on the East with the_ Atlantick, _or our Western Ocean called_ -mare-del-Nort; _and on the North with the Sea that separateth it -from_ Groveland, _thorow which Seas the supposed passage to_ China -_lyeth; these North parts, as yet are but barely discovered by our -voyagers._ - -_The length of this new World between the streights of_ Anian -_and_ Magellan _is_ 2400 German _miles, in breadth between_ Cabo -de fortuna _near the_ Anian _streights is_ 1300 German _miles. -About_ 18 _leagues from_ Nombre de dios, _on the South-Sea lyeth_ -Panama (_a City having three fair Monasteries in it_) _where the -narrowest part of the Countrey is, it is much less than_ Asia, _and -far bigger than_ Europe, _and as the rest of the world divided into -Islands and Continent, the Continent supposed to contain about_ -1152400000 _Acres._ - -_The Native people I have spoken of already: The discoverers -and Planters of Colonies, especially in the North-east parts; -together with a continuation of the proceedings of the_ English -_in_ New-England, _from the first year of their settling there to -purpose, to this present year of our Lord_ 1673. _with many other -things by the way inserted and worth the observing I present unto -your view in this ensuing Table._ - - - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - -_Anno Mundi_, 3720. - -B_Ritain_ known to the _Græcians_ as appeared by _Polybius_ the -_Greek_ Historian 265 years before the Birth of our Saviour, & -after him _Athenæus_ a _Greek_ Author of good account 170 before -Christ, relateth that _Hiero_ sent for a mast for a great Ship that -he had built to _Britain_. - -3740. - -_Hanno_ the _Carthaginian_ flourished, who sent to discover the -great Island _Atlantis_, i. e. _America_. - -3873. - -_Britain_ unknown to the _Romans_ was first discovered to them by -_Julius Cæsar_, 54 years before the Birth of Christ, who took it to -be part of the Continent of _France_, and got nothing but the sight -of that part called afterwards _England_, which is the South of -_Britain_. - -_Anno Domini_, 86. - -_Britain_ discovered to be an Island, and conquered by _Julius -Agricola_ 136. years after _Julius Cæsars_ entrance into it. - -99. - -[p. 224.] The Emperour _Trajan_ flourished and stretched the -Confines of the _Roman_ Empire, unto the remotest Dominions of the -_East-Indies_, who never before that time had heard of a _Roman_. - -745. - -_Boniface_ Bishop of _Mens_ a City in Germany, was accused before -Pope _Zachary_ in the time of _Ethelred_ King of the _East-Angles_ -for Heresie, _&c._ in that he averred there were Antipodes. St. -_Augustine_ and _Lactantius_ opinion was that there were none. - -827. - -_Egbert_ the _Saxon_ Monarch changed the name of the people in -_England_, and called them _English-men_. - -844. - -The _Turks_ or _Scythians_ came from thence in the time of -_Ethelwolf_ King of the _West-Saxons_. If the _Ottoman_-line should -fail, the _Chrim Tartar_ is to succeed, being both of one Family. - -959. - -_Edgar_ Sirnamed the Peaceable, the 30 Monarch of the _English_, -caused the Wolves to be destroyed by imposing a Tribute upon the -Princes of _Wales_; and _Fage_ Prince of _North-Wales_ paid him -yearly 300 Wolves, [p. 227.] which continued three years space, -in the fourth year there was not a Wolf to be found, and so the -Tribute ceased. - -1160. - -In the Emperours _Frederick Barbarossa’s_ time, certain -_West-Indians_ came into _Germany_. - -1170. - -_Madoc_ the Son of _Owen Gwineth_ Prince of _North-Wales_ his -voyage to the _West-Indies_, he planted a Colony in the Western -part of the Countrey, in our _Henry_ the Seconds Raign. - -1300. - -_Flavio_ of _Malphi_ in _Naples_ invented the Compass in our -_Edward_ the firsts time. - -1330. - -The _Canaries_ discovered by an _English_ Ship. - -1337. - -In _Edward_ the third’s time a Comet appeared, continuing 30 days. - -1344. - -_Machan_ an _English-man_ accidentally discovered _Madera-Island_. - -1350. - -_Estotiland_ discovered by fishermen of _Freez-land_, in _Edward_ -the third’s Raign. - -1360. - -The Franciscan-Fryer _Nicholas de Linno_, [p. 228.] who is said to -discover the Pole by his black Art, went thither in the Raign of -_Edward_ the Third. - -1372. - -Sir _John Mandivel_, the Great Traveller dyed at _Leige_ a City in -the _Netherland_ Provinces in _Edward_ the Third’s Raign. - -1380. - -_Nicholas_ and _Antonio Zeni_, two Noble Gentlemen of _Venice_ were -driven by Tempest upon the Island of _Estotiland_ or _Gronland_, in -our _Edward_ the Third’s Raign. - -1417. - -The _Canaries_ conquered by _Betan-Court_ a _Frenchman_. - -1420. - -The Island of _Madera_ discovered in our _Henry_ the Fifth’s time. - -1428. - -The Island _Puerto Santo_, or _Holy-port_ distant from _Madera_ 40 -miles, discovered by _Portingal_ Mariners on _All-hallowes-day_, -and therefore called _Holy-port_, it is in compass 150 miles, in -_Henry_ the Sixth’s Raign. - -1440. - -The Island of _Cape de verd_ discovered. - -1452. - -The _Marine_ parts of _Guinea_ discovered by the _Portingals_ in -_Henry_ the Sixth’s Raign. - -1478. - -[p. 229.] _Ferdinando_ first Monarch of all _Spain_. - -1485. - -_Henry_ the Seventh began to Raign. - -1486. - -The Kingdom of _Angola_ and _Congo_, with the Islands of St. -_George_, St. _James_ and St. _Helens_ discovered. - -1488. - -_Christopher Columbus_ a _Genouese_ offered the discovery of the -_West-Indies_ to _Henry_ the Seventh. - -1492. - -_Christopher Columbus_ sent to discover the _West-Indies_ by -_Ferdinando_ King of _Arragon_, and _Isabella_ Queen of _Castile_, -who descended from _Edward_ the Third King of _England_. - -The _Caribby-Islands_ the _Antilles_ or _Canibal_, or -_Camerean-Islands_ now discovered by _Christopher Columbus_, who -took possession of _Florida_ and _Hispaniola_ for the King of -_Spain_. - -1493. - -_Alexander_ the Sixth Pope of _Rome_ a _Spaniard_, took upon him -to divide the world by his Bull, betwixt the _Portingal_ and the -_Spaniard_, bearing date the fourth of _May_, giving to the one the -East, and to the other the West-_Indies_. - -[p. 230.] St. _Jean Porto Rico_ discovered by _Christopher -Columbus_, _Cuba_ and _Jamaica_ discovered by him, this was his -second voyage. - -1495. - -_Sebastian Cabota_ the first that attempted to discover the -North-west passage at the charge of _Henry_ the Seventh. - -1497. - -_Christopher Columbus_ his third voyage to the West-_Indies_, and -now he discovered the Countreys of _Paria_ and _Cumana_, with the -Islands of _Cubagua_ and _Margarita_. - -_John Cabota_ and his Son _Sebastian Cabota_ sent by _Henry_ the -Seventh, to discover the _West-Indies_, which they performed from -the _Cape_ of _Florida_ to the 67 degree and a half of Northerly -latitude, being said by some to be the first that discovered -_Florida_, _Virginia_, and _New-found-land_. - -_Vasques de Gama_ his voyage to _Africa_. - -1500. - -_Christopher Columbus_ his fourth and last voyage to the -_West-Indies_. - -_Jasper Corteriaglis_ a _Portugal_, his voyage to discover -the North-West passage, he discovered _Greenland_, or _Terra -Corteriaglis_, or _Terra di Laborodoro_. - -1501. - -_Americus Vesputius_ a _Florentine_ imployed by the King of -_Castile_ and _Portingal_, to discover [p. 231.] the _West-Indies_, -named from him Seven year after _Columbus_, _America_. - -1506. - -_Christopher Columbus_ dyed. - -1508. - -_Henry_ the Seventh dyed _August the_ Two and twentieth. - -_Henry_ the Eighth King of England. - -1514. - -_Sebastian Cabota_, the Son of _John_ made further discovery of all -the North-east coasts from _Cape Florida_ to _New-found-land_, and -_Terra Laborador_. - -1516. - -The voyage of Sir _Thomas Pert_ Vice-Admiral of _England_, and -_Sebastian Cabota_, the Eighth of _Henry_ the Eighth to _Brasil_, -St. _Domingo_, and St. _Juan de puerto rico_. - -1520. - -_Ferdinando Magellano_ a noble _Portingal_ set forth to sail about -the world, but was 1521 unfortunately slain. - -1522. - -The _Bermuduz-Isle_ 400 in number, being 500 miles distant from -_Virginia_, and 3300 miles from the City of _London_ in the -latitude 32 degrees and 30 minutes, discovered now accidentally by -_John Bermuduz_ a _Spaniard_. - -1523. - -[p. 232.] _Stephen Gomez_ his voyage to discover the North-west -passage, some will have it in Twenty five. - -1527. - -_New-found-land_ discovered by one _Andrew Thorn_, the Southern -part but 600 leagues from _England_. - -_John de Ponce_ for the _Spaniard_ took possession of _Florida_. - -1528. - -_Nevis_ or _Mevis_ planted now according to some writers. - -1534. - -_Califormia_ questioned, whether Island or Continent, first -discovered by the _Spaniard_. - -_Nova Francia_ lying between the 40 and 50 degree of the -_Artic-poles Altitude_ discovered by _Jaques Carthier_ in his first -voyage, the first Colony planted in _Canada_. - -1536. - -The Puritan-Church policy began now in _Geneva_. - -1542. - -_Monsieur du Barvals_ voyage to _Nova Francia_, sent to inhabite -those parts. - -1548. - -_Henry_ the Eighth dyed. - -_Edward_ the Sixth King of _England_ began to Raign. - -[p. 233.] _Sebastian Cabota_ made grand Pilot of _England_ by -_Edward_ the Sixth. - -1550. - -The sweating sickness in _England._ - -1553. - -_Edward_ the Sixth dyed. - -_Mary_ Queen of _England_ began to Raign. - -Sir _Hugh Willoughby_, and all his men in two Ships in his first -attempt to discover the North-east passage, were in _October_ -frozen to death in the Haven called _Arzima_ in _Lapland_. - -1558. - -Queen _Mary_ dyed. - -_Elizabeth_ Queen of _England_ began to Raign _November_ the -Seventeenth. - -1560. - -_Salvaterra_ a _Spaniard_ his voyage to the North-west passage. - -1562. - -Sir _John Hawkin’s_ first voyage to the _West-Indies_. - -The first expedition of the _French_ into _Florida_, undertaken by -_John Ribald_. - -1565. - -Tobacco first brought into _England_ by Sir _John Hawkins_, but -it was first brought into use by Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ many years -after. - -1566. - -The Puritans began to appear in _England_. - -1569. - -[p. 234.] _Anthony Jenkinson_ the first of the _English_ that -sailed through the _Caspian_-Sea. - -1572. - -Private Presbyteries now first erected in _England_. - -Sir _Francis Drake’s_ first voyage to the _West-Indies_. - -1573. - -The _Hollanders_ seek for aid from Queen _Elizabeth_. - -1576. - -Sir _Martin Frobisher_ the first in Queen _Elizabeths_ days that -sought for the North-west passage, or the streight, or passage to -_China_, and _meta incognita_, in three several voyages, others -will have it in 1577. - -1577. - -_November_ the 17 Sir _Francis Drake_ began his voyage about the -world with five Ships, and 164 men setting sail from _Plimouth_, -putting off _Cape de verde_. The beginning of _February_, he saw no -Land till the fifth of _April_, being past the line 30 degrees of -latitude, and in the 36 degree entered the River _Plates_, whence -he fell with the streight of _Magellan_ the 21 of _August_, which -with three of his Ships he passed, having cast off the other two -as impediments to him, and the _Marigold_ tossed from her General -after [p. 235.] passage was no more seen. The other commanded by -Capt. _Winter_ shaken off also by Tempest, returned thorow the -Streights and recovered _England_, only the _Pellican_, whereof -himself was Admiral, held on her course to _Chile_, _Coquimbo_, -_Cinnama_, _Palma_, _Lima_, upon the west of _America_, where -he passed the line 1579 the first day of _March_, and so forth -until he came to the latitude 47. Thinking by those North Seas to -have found passage to _England_, but fogs, frosts and cold winds -forced him to turn his course South-west from thence, and came to -Anchor 38 degrees from the line, where the King of that Countrey -presented him his Net-work Crown of many coloured feathers, and -therewith resigned his Scepter of Government unto his Dominion, -which Countrey Sir _Francis Drake_ took possession of in the Queens -name, and named it _Nova Albion_, which is thought to be part of -the Island of _Califormia_. - -Sir _Martin Frobisher’s_ second voyage. - -1578. - -Sir _Humphrey Gilbert_ a _Devonshire_ Knight attempted to discover -_Virginia_, but without success. - -Sir _Martin Frobisher’s_ third voyage to _Meta incognita_. -_Freezeland_ now called _West-England_, 25 leagues in length, in -the latitude of 57. - -[p. 236.] Sir _Francis Drake_ now passed the Streights of -_Magellan_ in the Ship called the _Pellican_. - -1579. - -Sir _Francis Drake_ discovered _Nova Albion_ in the South-Sea. - -Others will have Sir _Martin Frobisher’s_ first voyage to discover -the North-west passage to be this year. - -1580. - -From _Nova Albion_ he fell with _Ternate_, one of the Isles of -_Molucco_, being courteously entertained of the King, and from -thence he came unto the Isles of _Calebes_, to _Java Major_, to -_Cape buona speranza_, and fell with the coasts of _Guinea_, where -crossing again the line, he came to the height of the _Azores_, and -thence to _England_ upon the third of _November_ 1580. after three -years lacking twelve days, and was Knighted, and his Ship laid up -at _Deptford_ as a monument of his fame. - -1581. - -The Provinces of _Holland_ again seek for aid to the Queen of -_England_. - -1582. - -Sir _Humphrey Gilbert_ took possession of _New-found-land_ or -_Terra Nova_, in the harbour of St. _John_, for and in the name of -[p. 237.] Queen _Elizabeth_, it lyeth over against the gulf of St. -_Lawrence_, and is between 46 and 53 degrees of the North-poles -Altitude. - -1583. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ in _Ireland_. - -Sir _Humphrey Gilbert_ attempted a plantation in some remote parts -in _New-England_. - -He perished in his return from _New-found-land_. - -1584. - -The woful year of subscription so called by the Brethren, or -Disciplinarians. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ obtained of Queen _Elizabeth_ a Patent for -the discovery and peopling of unknown Countries, not actually -possessed by any Christian Prince. Dated _March_ 25. in the six and -twentieth of her Raign. - -_April_ the 27 following, he set forth two Barkes under the Command -of Mr. _Philip Amedas_ and Mr. _Arthur Barlow_, who arrived on that -part of _America_, which that Virgin Queen named _Virginia_, and -thereof in her Majesties name took possession _July_ the Thirteenth. - -1585. - -Cautionary Towns and Forts in the low-Countreys delivered unto -Queen _Elizabeths_ hands. - -Sir _Richard Greenvile_ was sent by Sir [p. 238.] _Walter Rawleigh_ -_April_ the Ninth, with a Fleet of 7 sail to _Virginia_, and was -stiled the General of _Virginia_. He landed in the Island of -St. _John de porto Rico_ _May_ the Twelfth, and there fortified -themselves and built a _Pinnasse_, &c. In _Virginia_ they left 100 -men under the Government of Mr. _Ralph Lane_, and others. - -Sir _Francis Drake’s_ voyage to the _West-Indies_, wherein were -taken the Cities of St. _Jago_, St. _Domingo Cartagena_, and the -Town of St. _Augustine_ in _Florida_. - -Now (say some) Tobacco was first brought into _England_ by Mr. -_Ralph Lane_ out of _Virginia_. - -Others will have Tobacco to be first brought into _England_ from -_Peru_, by Sir _Francis Drake’s_ Mariners. - -Capt. _John Davies_ first voyage to discover the North-west -passage, encouraged by Sir _Francis Walsingham_, principal -Secretary. - -1586. - -Mr. _Thomas Candish_ of _Trimely_, in the County of _Suffolk_ Esq, -began his voyage in the ship called the _Desire_, and two ships -more to the South-Sea through the Streights of _Magellan_ (and from -thence round about the circumference of the whole earth) burnt -and ransack’d in the entrance of _Chile_, [p. 239.] _Peru_ and -_New-Spain_, near the great Island of _Calformia_ in the South-Sea; -and returned to _Plimouth_ with a pretious booty 1588. _September_ -the Eighth, being the Third since _Magellan_, that circuited the -earth, our _English_ voyagers were never out-stript by any. - -The Natives in _Virginia_ conspired against the _English_. - -The same year Sir _Richard Greenvile_ General of _Virginia_ arrived -there with three ships, bringing relief from Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ -to the Colony. - -Mr. _John Davies_ second voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -1587. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ sent another Colony of 150 persons under the -Government of Mr. _John White_. - -Mr. _John Davies_ third voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -Sir _Francis Drake_, with four ships took from the _Spaniards_ one -million, 189200 Ducats in one voyage. - - -1588. - -Queen _Elizabeth_ opposed her Authority against the Brethrens books -and writings. - -Sir _Francis Drake_ Vice-Admiral of the _English_ Fleet, the -Lord-Admiral bestowed the order of Knight-hood upon Mr. _John_ [p. -240.] _Hawkins_, _Martin Forbisher_ and others, _July_ the Five and -twentieth. - -The _Spanish Armado_ defeated, consisting of 130 ships, wherein -were 19290 Souldiers, 2080 chained Rowers, 2630 great Ordnance, -Commanded by _Perezius Guzman_ Duke of _Medina Sedonia_, and under -him _Johannes Martinus Recaldus_ a great Seaman; The Fleet coming -on like a half-moon, the horns of the front extending one from the -other about 7 miles asunder, it was preparing 15 years, and was -blackt to make it seem more terrible. - -1589. - -The _Portingal_ voyage under the conduct of Sir _Francis Drake_. - -Mr. _Thomas Candish_ now finished his voyage about the world, as -some will have it. - -1590. - -Now Tobacco first used in _England_, as some will have it. - -1591. - -The first _Englishman_ that ever was in the _Bermuduze_ or -_Summer-Islands_, was one _Henry May_. - -The voyage of Capt. _Newport_ to the _West-Indies_, where upon the -coast of _Hispaniola_, he took and burnt three Towns, and Nineteen -sail of ships and Frigats. - -Mr. _Thomas Candish_ last voyage, in which he dyed. - -1593. - -[p. 241.] Sir _Martin Frobisher_ Commander of the _English_ Fleet -slain in the quarrel of _H._ King of _Navarr_. - -The last voyage of Sir _Francis Drake_, and Sir _John Hawkins_ to -the _West-Indies_ with six ships of the Queens, and twelve other -ships and Barks containing 2400 men and boyes, in which voyage they -both dyed, and Sir _Francis Drake’s_ Coffen was thrown over board -near _Porto bello_. - -1594. - -Sir _Robert Duddeley’s_ voyage to _Trinadad_, and the coast of -_Paria_. - -Mr. _James Lancasters_ voyage to _Fernambuck_ the port Town of -_Olinda_ in _Brazil_, in which voyage he took 29 ships and Frigats, -surprized the said port Town, and there found the Cargazon or -fraught of a rich _Indian Carack_, which together with great -abundance of Sugars and Cottons he brought from thence; lading -therewith fifteen sail of tall ships and barks. - -1595. - -The voyage of Sir _Amias Preston_, & Capt. _George Sommers_ to -the _West-Indies_, where they took, sackt, spoiled and abandoned -the Island of _Puerto Santo_, the Island of _Cock_ near [p. 242.] -_Margarita_, the Fort and Town of _Coro_, the stately City of St. -_Jago de leon_, and the Town of _Cumana_ ransomed, and _Jamaica_ -entered. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh’s_ voyage now to _Guiana_, discovered by him. -In which voyage he took St. _Joseph_ a Town upon _Trinidado_. - -The _Sabbatarian_ doctrine published by the Brethren. - -1596. - -The voyage to _Cadez_, Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Rere-Admiral. - -The voyage of Sir _Anthony Sherley_ intended for the Island of -St. _Tome_, but performed to St. _Jago_, _Dominga_, _Margarita_, -along the coast of _Terra Firma_ to the Island of _Jamaica_, -situated between 17 and 18 degrees of the North-poles elevation -(which he conquered, but held it not long) from thence to the -bay of _Hondurus_, 30 leagues up _Rio dolce_, and homeward by -_New-found-land_. - -1597. - -The voyage to the _Azores_, Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Capt. of the -Queens Guard Rere-Admiral. - -_Porto Rico_, taken by the Earl of _Cumberland_. - -1599. - -The Grand _Canary_ taken by the _Dutch_ Commander _Vanderdoes_. - -1600. - -[p. 243.] The Colonies in _Virginia_ supplyed by publick purse. - -1602. - -Queen _Elizabeth_ dyed _March_ the Four and twentieth. - -King _James_ began to Raign. - -The North parts of _Virginia_, i. e. _New-England_ further -discovered by Capt. _Bartholomew Gosnold_, some will have him to be -the first discoverer. - -Capt. _George Weymouth’s_ voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -Divers of our _English_ in the North of _England_ entered into a -Covenant of worshipping of God. - -1603. - -King _James_ came into _England_, the fifth of _April_. - -Monsieur _Champlains_ voyage to _Canada_. - -_November_ the seventeenth Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Arraigned and -Condemned. - -1604. - -Monsieur _du Point_ and _du Monts_ voyage to _Canada_. - -1605. - -Monsieur _du Point_ and _du Monts_ remove the _French_ habitation -to _Port-Royal_. - -_James Halle’s_ voyage to _Groenland_, and to find out the -North-west passage. - -1606. - -[p. 244.] The province of _Main_ possessed by the _English_ by -publick Authority King _James_, Sir _John Popham_, &c. - -A Colony first sent to _New-England_ by Sir _John Popham_ chief -Justice of the Common pleas. - -_James-town_ founded in _Virginia_. - -_James Halls_ second voyage, to find out the North-west passage. - -Mr. _John Knight_ his North-west voyage, lost his ship sunk by the -Ice. - -A Colony sent to _Virginia_, called by the _Indians Wingandacoa_, -the first that took firm possession there. - -1607. - -_Plimouth_ Plantation in _New-England_ attempted. - -St. _Georges_ Fort built at the mouth of the River _Sagadahoc_, -under the Presidency of Capt. _George Popham_ and Capt. _Ralph -Gilbert_, who built the Fort. - -_James Halls_ third voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -_Hudsons_ first voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -1608. - -_Virginia_ planted. - -A Colony sent to _New-found-land_. - -[p. 245.] Capt. _John Smith_ fished now for _Whales_ at _Monhiggen_. - -_Hudsons_ second voyage to the North-west met a _Mermaid_ in -the Sea. That there be such Creatures see _Plinie_, _Albertus -Magnus_, _Aristotle_, _Elian_, _Theodorus Gaza_, _Alexander_ of -_Alexandria_, _Gorgius Trapozensus_, _Jul. Scaliger_, _Stows Annals -in_ Anno Dom. 1204. at _Oreford_ in _Suffolk_ a _Mareman_ taken. - -1609. - -Sir _Thomas Gales_ and Sir _George Summers_ going to _Virginia_, -suffered shipwrack upon the _Bermudos-Islands_ where they continued -till 1610. - -_Hudsons_ third voyage to _New-found-land_ discovered -_Mohegan_-River in _New-England_. - -The _Dutch_ set down by _Mohegan_-River. - -1610. - -Capt _Whitburns_ voyage to discover the North-west passage, saw a -_Mermaid_ in the harbour of St. _Johns_ at _New-found-land_ by the -River side. - -_Hudsons_ last and fatal voyage to discover the North-west passage, -where he was frozen to death. - -_Dales-gift_ founded in _Virginia_. - -Sundry of the _English_ nation removed out of the North of -_England_ into the _Netherlands_, and gathered a Church at -_Leyden_, where they continued until the year 1620. - -1611. - -[p. 246.] Sir _Thomas Dale_ Governour of _Virginia_. - -The famous Arch-Pirate _Peter Easton_. - -1612. - -_Bermudus_ first planted, and Mr. _R. Moore_ sent over Governour, -the first that planted a Colony in the _Bermudus_. - -_James Halls_ fourth voyage to discover the North-west passage, was -slain by the Savages. - -Capt. _Buttons_ voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -1613. - -_Port-Royal_ destroyed by Sir _Samuel Argol_ Governour of -_Virginia_. - -Mr. _John Rolf_ a Gentleman of good behaviour fell in love with -_Pocahontas_, the only Daughter of _Powhaton_ a King in _Virginia_ -and married her, she was Christened and called the Lady _Rebecca_, -and dyed at _Gravesend_ _Anno Dom._ 1617. Sir _Lewis Stukely_ -brought up her Son _Thomas Rolf_. - -1614. - -_Bermudus_ planted further. - -_Powhatons_ Daughter in _Virginia_ Christened _Rebecca_. - -Capt. _Gibbins_ voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -_New-Netherlands_ began to be planted [p. 247.] upon -_Mohegan_-River, Sir _Samuel Argol_ routed them. - -1615. - -Sir _Richard Hawkins_ voyage into those parts of _New-England_. - -1616. - -Capt. _Gibbins_ second voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -A new supply sent by Capt. _Daniel Tucker_ to the _Bermudus_. - -_Pocahontas_ and Mr. _Rolf_ her Husband went for _England_ with Sir -_Thomas Dale_, and arrived at _Plimouth_ the 12 of _June_. - -1617. - -Sir _Walter Rawleighs_ last and unfortunate voyage to _Guiana_, -where he took St. _Thome_ the only Town of _Guiana_ possessed by -the _Spaniards_. - -1618. - -The Comet or blazing-star whose motion was by some observed to be -from East to West. - -1619. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ beheaded in the Parliament yard. - -_Bermudus-Islands_ divided into Tribes and Cantreds, to each tribe -a Burrough. - -1620. - -The _English_ in _Virginia_ divided into several Burroughs. - -1620. - -[p. 248.] Letters Patents obtained from King _James_ for the -Northern part of _Virginia_ i. e. _New-England_. - -In _July_ sundry of the _English_ set sail from _Holland_ for -_Southampton_. - -_August_ the fift, they set sail from _Southampton_ for _America_, -and arrived the Eleventh of _November_ at _Cape-Cod_, where they -entered into a body politick, and chose one Mr. _John Carver_ their -Governour, calling the place where they settled _New-Plimouth_: -in _January_ and _February_ following was a mortality among the -_English_, which swept away half the Company. - -Mrs. _Susanna White_ delivered of a Son at _new-Plimouth_, -Christened _Peregrine_; he was the first of the _English_ that was -born in _new-England_, and was afterwards the Lieutenant of the -Military Company of _Marshfield_ in _Plimouth_ Colony. - -_New-Plimouth_ built, the first Town in _new-England_. - -_Squanto_ an _Indian_ in _new-England_, carried into _England_ -by Mr. _Hunt_ a Master of a Ship, but brought home again by Mr. -_Dormer_ a Gentleman imployed by Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ for -discovery. - -1621. - -[p. 249.] _April_, Mr. _John Carver_ Governour of _new-Plimouth_ -dyed, and Mr. _William Brandford_ was chosen Governour. - -The Natives in _Virginia_ murdered about 340 _English_. - -1622. - -The Fort at _new-Plimouth_ built: a great drought this Summer, from -_May_ the Third, till the middle of _July_ there was no Rain. - -Mr. _Thomas Weston_ Merchant sent over 67 lusty men who settled -themselves in a part of the _Massachusets-bay_, now called -_Weymouth_. - -The order of the Knights of _Novascotia_ ordained by King _James_ -Hereditarie, they wear an _Orange_ tawny Ribbin. - -Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ Patent for the province of _Main_ in -_New-England_. - -The _Dutch_ tortured the _English_ at _Amboina_, 1623. - -_Westons_ plantation wholly ruined by their disorders. - -Mr. _Robert Gorge_, Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ Brother arrived in -_Plimouth_, and began a Plantation of the _Massachusets-bay_, -having Commission from the Council of _New-England_ to be general -Governour of the Countrey, carrying over one Mr. _Morrel_ a -Minister, [p. 250.] but being discouraged, he returned for -_England_. - -A fire at _Plimouth_, which did considerable dammage, several of -the Inhabitants through discontent and casualties removed into -_Virginia_. - -Three thousand _English_ now upon the _Bermudus_ ten Forts, and in -those ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance. - -1624. - -The number of Magistrates increased to five now at _New-Plimouth_. - -The first neat Cattle carried over into _New-England_ to -_New-Plimouth_ was three Heifers and a Bull. - -1625. - -St. _Christophers-Island_ planted now by the _English_ 25 leagues -in compass, a great many little Rivers, in 17 degrees and 25 -minutes. - -King _James_ dyed in 1625, and King _Charles_ the first began his -Raign _March_ the seven and twentieth. - -1627. - -The first distribution of Lands amongst the Inhabitants of -_New-Plimouth_. - -A Colony of _English_ planted upon the Island of _Barbados_, which -in a short time increased to 20000, besides _Negroes_. - -1628. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ arrived in _New-England_ [p. 251.] with some -number of people, and set down first by _Cape-Ann_, at a place -called afterwards _Gloster_, but their abiding place was at -_Salem_, where they built the first Town in the _Massachusets_ -Patent. - -The _Indians_ at the _Massachusets_, were at that time by sickness -decreased from 30000 to 300. - -_Nevis_ or _Mevis_ planted now by the _English_ 3 or 4000 upon it. - -Mr. _Morton_ of _Merrimount_ taken prisoner by the _Massachusets_, -and sent into _England_. - -1629. - -Three ships arrived at _Salem_ bringing a great number of -passengers from _England_; infectious diseases amongst them. - -Mr. _Endicot_ chosen Governour. - -Mr. _Higginson_, Mr. _Skelton_ and Mr. _Bright_ Ministers -arrived, upon the fift of _August_ was the first Church in the -_Massachusets_ Colony gathered at _Salem_, from which year to this -present year is 45 years, in the compass of these years in this -Colony, there hath been gathered forty Churches, and 120 Towns -built in all the Colonies of _New-England_. - -The Church of _new-Plimouth_, was planted in _New-England_ eight -years before others. - -The book of Common-prayer pleaded [p. 252.] for, and practised in -_Massachusets_ Colony by two of the Patentees, but was at last -prohibited by the Authority there. - -1630. - -The Tenth of _July_, _John Winthorp_ Esq; and the Assistants -arrived in _New-England_, with the Patent for the _Massachusets_, -they landed on the North-side of _Charles_ River, with him went -over Mr. _Thomas Dudley_, Mr. _Isaac Johnson_, Esquires; Mr. -_John Wilson_, Mr. _George Philips_, Mr. _Maverich_ (the Father -of Mr. _Samuel Maverich_, one of his Majesties Commissioners) Mr. -_Wareham_ Ministers. - -The passage of the people in the Eagle, and nine other Vessels to -_New-England_ came to 9500 pounds. The Swine, Goats, Sheep, Neat -and Horses cost to transport 12000 pounds, besides the price they -cost. The _Eagle_ was called the _Arabella_ in honour of the Lady -_Arabella_, wife to _Isaac Johnson_ Esq; they set down first upon -_Noddles-Island_, the Lady _Arabella_ abode at _Salem_. - -Mr. _Isaac Johnson_ a Magistrate of the _Massachusets_, and his -Lady dyed soon after their arrival. - -_John Winthorp_ Esq; chosen Governour, for the remainder of the -year, Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ deputy Governour, Mr. _Simon Broadstreet_ -Secretary. - -[p. 253.] _Charles-town_, the first town built. - -Mr. _Higginson_ Teacher of _Salem_ Church dyed. - -1630. - -A very sharp winter in _New-England_. - -1631. - -Capt. _John Smith_ Governour of _Virginia_, and Admiral of -_New-England_ now dyed in _London_. - -_John Winthorp_ Esq; chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_. Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -Sir _Richard Saltingstall_ went for _New-England_, set down at -_Water-town_. - -Five Churches gathered this year, the first at _Boston_ Mr. _John -Wilson_ Pastor, the second at _Water-town_, by Mr. _Philips_, the -third at _Dorchester_ by Mr. _Maverick_ and Mr. _Wareham_, the -fourth at _Roxbury_ by Mr. _Eliot_, the fifth at _Linn_ by Mr. -_Stephen Batcheler_ their first Teacher. - -Dr. _Wilson_ gave 1000 pound to _New-England_, with which they -stored themselves with great Guns. - -1632. - -_John Winthorp_ chosen Governour, Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy -Governour. - -Sir _Christopher Gardiner_ descended of the house of _Gardiner_ -Bishop of _Winchester_, Knighted at _Jerusalem_ of the Sepulcher, -[p. 254.] arrived in _New-England_ with a comely young woman -his Concubine, settled himself in the Bay of _Massachusets_, -was rigidly used by the Magistrates, and by the Magistrates of -_New-Plimouth_ to which place he retired. - -A terrible cold winter in _New-England_. - -1633. - -Mr. _Edward Winslow_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_. - -The number of Magistrates at _New-Plimouth_ increase to seven. - -An infectious feaver amongst the Inhabitants of _New-Plimouth_, -whereof many dyed. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -Mr. _Thomas Hooker_, _Mr. Hains_ and Mr. _Cotton_ Ministers arrived -in _New-England_ all in one ship, and Mr. _Stone_ and Mr. _William -Collier_ a liberal Benefactor to the Colony of _New-Plimouth_. - -Mr. _John Cotton_ chosen Teacher of the first Church at _Boston_. - -A Church at _Cambridge_ gathered by Mr. _Thomas Hooker_ their first -Pastor. - -Great swarms of strange flyes up and down the Countrey, which was a -presage of the following mortality. - -1634. - -[p. 255.] Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -and Mr. _Roger Ludlow_ Deputy-Governour. - -The Countrey now was really placed in a posture of War, to be in -readiness at all times. - -In the Spring a great sickness among the _Indians_, by the small -pox. - -The _Pequets_ War with the _Narragansets_. - -Mr. _Skelton_ Pastor to the Church at _Salem_ dyed. - -Mr. _John Norton_, and Mr. _Thomas Shepherd_ arrive in -_New-England_. - -A Church gathered at _Ipswich_, the first Pastor Mr. _Nathaniel -Ward_. - -A Church gathered at _Newberry_. - -Capt. _Stone_ turn’d Pirate, at the _Dutch_ plantation. - -The cruel Massacre of Capt. _Stone_ and Capt. _Norton_ at -_Connecticut-River_, by the Pequet _Indians_. - -1635. - -Mr. _John Haines_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ Deputy Governour. - -Mr. _Zachary Sims_ arrived in _New-England_, and Mr. _Richard -Bellingham_. - -[p. 256.] This year Eleven Ministers arrived in _New-England_. - -Mr. _Norton_ Teacher at _Ipswich_, Mr. _Richard Mather_ Teacher at -_Dorchester_. - -Sir _Henry Vain_ Junior, arrived in _New-England_, Mr. _Richard -Saltingstal_, Sir _Richard Saltingstal’s_ Son, Mr. _Roger -Harlackenden_, and _Hugh Peters_. - -_Hugh Peters_ chosen Pastor of _Salem_. - -A Church at _Hartford_ in the Colony of _Connecticut_ now gathered. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_. - -Capt. _William Gorges_, Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ Nephew sent -over Governour of the province of _Main_, then called new -_Sommersetshire_. - -Saturday the 15 of _August_, an Hurrican or mighty storm of wind -and rain, which did much hurt in _New-England_. - -1636. - -Sir _Henry Vane_ Junior, Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -_John Winthorp_ Esq; Deputy Governour, Mr. _Roger Harlackenden_ -leader of their military Forces. - -Mr. _Edward Winslow_ a _Worcestershire_ man born, chosen Governour -of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -_Connecticut_ Colony planted. - -Mr. _John Oldham_ murthered in his Barque by the _Indians_ of -_Block-Island_. - -[p. 257.] A Church gathered at _Hingham_, Mr. _Peter Hubbord_ -arrived now in _New-England_ Teacher at _Hingham_. - -Mr. _Flint_, Mr. _Carter_, Mr. _Walton_, Ministers arrived now in -_New-England_. - -Mr. _Fenwich_, Mr. _Partrick_, Mr. _Nathaniel Rogers_, and Mr. -_Samuel White_, arrived now in _New-England_. - -A General Court held at _Boston_ against Mrs. _Hutchinson_ the -_American_ Jezabel, _August_ the 30. where the opinions and errors -of Mrs. _Hutchinson_ and her Associats 80 errors were condemned. - -A Counsel at _New-town_ about the same business _October_ the -second, and at _Boston_ again. - -1637. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Wenthorp_ chosen Governour of _Massachusets_ Colony, Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ chosen Deputy Governour. - -_New-haven_ Colony began now, Mr. _Eaton_ chosen Governour, _John -Davenport_ Pastor. - -Mr. _Hopkins_ arrived now in _New-England_. - -A second Church gathered at _Dedham_, Mr. _John Allen_ Pastor. - -The Pequets wars, in which war the _English_ slew and took -prisoners about 700 _Indians_, [p. 258.] amongst which 13 of their -_Sachems_ to the great terror of the Natives, they sent the male -children of the _Pequets_ to the _Bermudus_. - -This year the _Antinomian_ and _Familistical_ errors were broached -in the Countrey, especially at _Boston_. - -A Synod called, which condemned these errors. - -A General Court held at _New-town_ against Mrs. _Hutchinson_ and -the rest. - -Mrs. _Hutchinson_ and others banished by the Magistrates of the -_Massachusets_ Colony. - -A hideous monster born at _Boston_ of one Mrs. _Mary Dyer_. - -Sir _Henry Vane_ and the Lord _Lee_ returned for _England_. - -The Ministers that went for _New-England_ chiefly in the ten first -years, ninety four, of which returned for _England_ twenty seven, -dyed in the Countrey thirty six, yet alive in the Countrey thirty -one. - -The number of ships that transported passengers to _New-England_, -in these times was 298 supposed: men, women and children as near as -can be ghessed 21200. - -The _Spaniards_ took the Island of _Providence_, one of the -Summer-Islands from the English. - -1638. - -[p. 259.] Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new Plimouth_ -Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -A Church now gathered at _Waymouth_, Mr. _Gennor_ Pastor, Mr. -_Newman_ succeeded Mr. _Thomas Thatcher_. - -Three _English_ men put to death at _Plimouth_ for robbing and -murthering an _Indian_ near _Providence_. - -_June_ the second a great and terrible earthquake throughout the -Countrey. - -_Samuel Gorton_ of _Warwick-shire_, a pestilent seducer, and -blasphemous Atheist, the Author of the Sects of _Gortinians_, -banish’d _Plimouth_ plantation, whipt and banished from -Road-Island, banisht the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -Now they set up a Printing-press at _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_. - -This year came over Mr. _William Thompson_, Mr. _Edmund Brown_, Mr. -_David Frisk_. - -Mr. _John Harvard_ the founder of _Harvard_ Colledge at _Cambridge_ -in the _Massachusets_ Colony, deceased, gave 700 pound to the -erecting of it. - -1639. - -[p. 260.] Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ -Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -Mr. _Higginson_ Teacher at _Salem_ Church, _Skelton_ pastor, and -an exhorting Elder. This was the first Church gathered in the -_Massachusets_ Colony, and it increased to 43 Churches in joynt -Communion with one another, and in these Churches were about 7750 -souls. - -Mr. _Herbert Pelham_ now arrived in _New-England_. - -A Church gathered at _Hampton_, Mr. _Daulton_ pastor, and Mr. -_Batcheler_ Teacher. - -Another Church gathered at _Salisbury_. - -_October_ the Eleventh and Twelfth, the _Spanish_ Navy was set upon -by the _Hollander_ in the _Downs_, they were in all 60 sail, the -_Spaniards_ were beaten. - -A very sharp winter in _New-England_. - -1640. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -and Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ Deputy Governour. - -[p. 261.] Civil Wars began in _England_. - -Mr. _Huet_ Minister arrived in _New-England_, Mr. _Peck_ and Mr. -_Saxton_. - -A Church gathered at _Braintree_, Mr. _Wheelright_ pastor. - -Mr. _Henry Dunster_ arrived in _New-England_. - -1641. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -Colony, Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy. - -A Church gathered at _Glocester_ in the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -A sharp winter in _New-England_, the harbours and salt bayes frozen -over so as passable for Men, Horses, Oxen and Carts five weeks. - -1642. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -_John Endicot_ Esq; Deputy Governour. - -This Spring Cowes and Cattle fell from 22 pound a Cow, to six, -seven and eight pound a Cow of a sudden. - -A Church now gathered at _Woeburn_ in the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -[p. 262.] Thirteen able Ministers now at this time in -_new-Plimouth_ Jurisdiction. - -_Harvard_-Colledge founded with a publick Library. - -Ministers bred in _New-England_, and (excepting about 10) in -_Harvard_-Colledge, one hundred thirty two; of which dyed in the -Countrey Ten, now living eighty one, removed to _England_ forty -one. _June_ _Warwick_ Parliament Admiral. - -1643. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of the _new-Plimouth_ -Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy Governour. - -_May_ 19. the first Combination of the four united Colonies, _viz._ -_Plimouth_, _Massachusets_, _Connecticut_, and _new-haven_. - -1644. - -Mr. _Edward Winslow_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -_John Endicot_ Esq; chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -_John Winthorp_ Esq; Deputy Governour. - -A Church gathered at _Haveril_. Mr. _Roger Harlackendin_ dyed about -this time. - -A Church gathered at _Reading_ in _New-England_. - -A Church gathered at _Wenham_, both in the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -[p. 263.] The Town of _Eastham_ erected now by some in _Plimouth_. - -1645. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -and Mr. _John Winthorp_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _John Endicot_ major -General. - -A Church gathered at _Springfield_. - -1646. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_, Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ Deputy and Mr. _John Endicot_ major General. - -Two Suns appeared towards the latter end of the year. - -This year they drew up a body of Laws for the well ordering of -their Commonwealth (as they termed it) printed in 1648. - -Three men of War arrived in _new-Plimouth_ harbour under the -Command of Capt. _Thomas Cromwell_, richly laden, a mutiny amongst -the Sea-men, whereby one man was killed. - -The second Synod at _Cambridge_ touching the duty and power of -magistrates in matters of Religion. - -[p. 264.] Secondly, the nature and power of Synods. - -Mr. _John Eliot_ first preached to the _Indians_ in their Native -language, the principal Instruments of converting the _Indians_, -Mr. _John Eliot_ Senior, Mr. _John Eliot_ Junior, Mr. _Thomas -Mayhew_, Mr. _Pierson_, Mr. _Brown_, Mr. _James_, and Mr. _Cotton_. - -1647. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, and Mr. _John Endicot_ Major -General. - -Now Mr. _Thomas Hooker_ pastor of the Church at _Hertford_ dyed. - -The _Tartars_ over-run _China_. - -1648. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -_John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _John Endicot_ major General. - -A Church gathered at _Andover_. - -A Church gathered at _Malden_ Mr. _Sarjant_ pastor. - -A second Church gathered at _Boston_. - -A third Synod at _Cambridge_ publishing the platform of Discipline. - -[p. 265.] _Jan._ 30. King _Charles_ the first murdered. - -_Charles_ the Second began his Raign. - -Their Laws in the _Massachusets_ colony printed. - -1649. - -_John Winthorp_ Esq; Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony _March_ -the 26 deceased. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -An innumerable Company of _Caterpillars_ in some parts of -_New-England_ destroyed the fruits of the Earth. - -_August_ the 25 Mr. _Thomas Shepherd_ Pastor of _Cambridge_ Church -dyed. - -Mr. _Phillips_ also dyed this year. - -1650. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -A great mortality amongst children this year in _New-England_. - -1651. - -[p. 266.] Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ -colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -The City _Bilbo_ totally cover’d with waters for 15 days, 16 foot -above the tops of the highest houses, the loss was very much to the -whole Kingdom, there being their stock of dryed fish and dryed Goat -the general dyet of _Spain_. - -_Barbados_ surrendred to the Parliament, its longitude 322, -latitude 13 degrees, 17 or 18 miles in compass. - -_Hugh Peters_ and Mr. _Wells_, and _John Baker_ returned into -_England_. - -1652. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -_John Cotton_ Teacher of _Boston_ Church dyed, a Comet was seen at -the time of his sickness hanging over _New England_, which went out -soon after his death. - -[p. 267.] The Spirits that took Children in _England_, said to -be set awork first by the Parliament, and _Hugh Peters_ as chief -Agent, Actor or Procurer. - -1653. - -_Oliver Cromwell_ Usurped the Title of Protector _December_ the -Sixteenth. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony dyed, -aged about 77 years at his house at _Roxebury_, _July_ 31. - -A great fire at _Boston_ in _New-England_. - -1654. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Bellingham_ Governour, _Endicot_ Deputy. - -Major General _Gibbons_ dyed this year. - -1655. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. -Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour of the _Massachusets_, _Bellingham_ -Deputy. - -_Jamaica_ taken by the _English_. - -1656. - -[p. 268.] General _Mountague_ taketh _Spanish_ prizes. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour of the _Massachusets_, Mr. _Francis -Willowby_ Deputy. - -1657. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ now dyed. Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour, -_Bellingham_ Deputy. - -Mr. _Theophilus Eaton_ Governour of _New-haven_ colony dyed. - -Fifth monarchy-men rebell. - -The Quakers arrive at _new-Plimouth_. - -1658. - -_Oliver Cromwell_ dyed _September_ the third. - -_Richard Cromwell_ set up. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_, -_Bellingham_ Deputy. - -A great Earth-quake in _New-England_. - -Mr. _Ralph Partrick_ minister at _Ruxbury_ now deceased. - -_John Philips_ of _Marshfield_ slain by thunder and lightning. - -1659. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -[p. 269.] Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony. - -The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Countrey. - -Mr. _Henry Dunster_ first President of _Harvard_ Colledge deceased. - -_Richard Cromwel_ ended _May_ the seventh. - -The Rump Parliament _December_ the six and twentieth put down. - -_William Robinson_, _Marmaduke Stevenson_, and _Mary Dyer_ Quakers -of _Rhod Island_ sentenced to suffer death by Mr. _John Endicot_ -Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, which accordingly was -executed within a day or two, the prisoners being guarded by Capt. -_James Oliver_ with 200 Souldiers to the place of Execution, where -the two men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gallows and -banished. - -1660. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -_John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, Mr. -_Bellingham_ Deputy. - -_James Pierce_ slain by lightning at _new-Plimouth_. - -_May_ the 29 King _Charles_ the Second returned into _England_. - -_June_ the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put upon _England_ -by a Brief for [p. 270.] _New-England_, which as it appeared was -produced before the King came in, but not printed (by Mr. _Leach_ -in _Shoe-lane_) till _June_, pretending that 18 _Turks-men_ of War -the 24 of _January_ 1659/60 landed at a Town, called _Kingsword_ -(alluding to _Charles-town_) three miles from _Boston_, kill’d 40, -took Mr. _Sims_ minister prisoner, wounded him, kill’d his wife and -three of his little children, carried him away with 57 more, burnt -the Town, carried them to _Argier_, their loss amounting to 12000 -pound, the _Turk_ demanding 8000 pound ransom to be paid within -7 moneths. Signed by _Thomas Margets_, _Edward Calamy_, _William -Jenkin_, _William Vincent_, _George Wild_, _Joseph Caryl_, _John -Menord_, _William Cooper_, _Thomas Manton_ Ministers. - -_Hugh Peters_ put to death the 16 of _October_. - -_Thomas Venner_ a Wine-Cooper hang’d drawn and quartered _Jan._ 19. - -1661. - -The fifth Monarchy-men rise at _London_. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Bellingham_ Deputy. - -Major _Atherton_ now dyed in _New-England_. - -1662. - -[p. 271.] Sir _Henry Vane_ beheaded, _June the_ 14. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -_January_ 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in _New-England_, 6 or 7 times -in the space of Three days. - -1662/1663. - -_John Baker_ unduely called Capt. _Baker_, hang’d at Tiburn, -_December_ the 11 of _February_. - -1663. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _Willowby_ Deputy Governour and Mr. _Thomas Leveret_ major -General. - -_April_ the fifth Mr. _John Norton_ Teacher at the first Church in -_Boston_ dyed suddenly. - -Mr. _Samuel Newman_ Teacher at _Rehoboth_ in _New-England_ now dyed. - -Mr. _Samuel Stone_ Teacher of _Hartford_ Church in _New-England_, -now dyed also. - -Several Earth-quakes this year in _New-England_. - -[p. 272.] _Charles Chancie_ batchelor of Divinity and President of -_Harvard_-Colledge in _New-England_. - -1664. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Francis Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Thomas Leveret_ Major -General. - -_May_ the 20 the Kings Commissioners arrived in _New-England_, -_viz._ Sir _Robert Carr_, Colonel _Nicols_, Colonel _Cartwright_ -and Mr. _Samuel Maverich_, with whom came one Mr. _Archdale_ as -Agent for Mr. _Ferdinando Gorges_, who brought to the Colony in -the province of _Main_, Mr. _F. Gorges_ order from his Majesty -_Charles_ the Second, under his manual, and his Majesties Letters -to the _Massachusets_ concerning the same, to be restored unto -the quiet possession and enjoyment of the said province in -_New-England_, and the Government thereof, the which during the -civil Wars in _England_ the _Massachusets_ colony had usurpt, and -(by help of a _Jacobs_ staff) most shamefully encroached upon Mr. -_Gorges_ rights and priviledges. - -The 29 of _August_, the _Manadaes_, called _Novede Belgique_, or -New _Netherlands_, their chief Town New-_Amsterdam_, now called -[p. 273.] New-_Yorke_, Surrendered up unto Sir _Robert Carr_ and -Colonel _Nichols_ his Majesties Commissioners; thirteen days after -in _September_ the Fort and Town of _Arania_ now called _Albany_; -twelve days after that, the Fort and Town of _Awsapha_; then _de la -Ware_ Castle man’d with _Dutch_ and _Sweeds_, the three first Forts -and Towns being built upon the River _Mohegan_, otherwise called -_Hudsons_ River. - -The whole Bible Translated into the _Indian_-Tongue, by Mr. _John -Eliot_ Senior, was now printed at _Cambridge_ in _New-England_. - -_December_ a great and dreadful Comet, or blazing-star appeared in -the South-east in _New-England_ for the space of three moneths, -which was accompanied with many sad effects, great mildews blasting -in the Countrey the next Summer. - -1665. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Francis Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ Major -General. - -Two Comets or blazing-stars appeared in 4 moneths time in -_England_, _December_ 1664. and in _March_ following. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour of the _Massachusets_ [p. 274.] colony -deceased, _March_ the three and twentieth. - -Capt. _Davenport_ kill’d with lightning as he lay on his bed at the -Castle by _Boston_ in _New-England_, and several wounded. - -Wheat exceedingly blasted and mildewed in _New-England_. - -A thousand foot sent this year by the _French_ King to _Canada_. - -Colonel _Cartwright_ in his voyage for _England_ was taken by the -_Dutch_. - -The Isle of _Providence_ taken by the _English_ Buccaneers, _Puerto -Rico_ taken and plundered by the _English_ Buccaneers and abandoned. - -1666. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Francis Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ -major General. - -St. _Christophers_ taken by the _French_. - -_July_ the Lord _Willowby_ of _Parham_ cast away in a _Hurricane_ -about the _Caribby-Islands_. - -The small pox at _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Three kill’d in a moment by a blow of Thunder at _Marshfield_ in -_New-Plimouth_ [p. 275.] colony, and four at _Pascataway_ colony, -and divers burnt with lightning, a great whirlwind at the same time. - -This year also _New-England_ had cast away and taken Thirty one -Vessels, and some in 1667. - -The mildews and blasting of Corn still continued. - -1667. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, and Mr. _Leveret_ -major General. - -Sir _Robert Carr_ dyed next day after his arrival at _Bristow_ in -_England_ _June_ the first. - -Several vollies of shot heard discharged in the Air at _Nantascot_ -two miles from _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _John Davenport_ chosen pastor of the Independent Church at -_Boston_. - -In _March_ there appeared a sign in the Heavens in the form of a -Spear, pointing directly to the _West_. - -Sir _John Harman_ defeated the _French_ Fleet at the _Caribbes_. - -Mr. _John Wilson_ Pastor of _Boston_ Church in the _Massachusets_ -colony 37 years now [p. 276.] dyed, aged 79, he was Pastor of that -Church three years before Mr. _Cotton_, twenty years with him, ten -years with Mr. _Norton_, and four years after him. - -1668. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, and Mr. _Leveret_ -major General. - -Mr. _Samuel Shepherd_ Pastor of _Rowley_ Church dyed. - -_April_ the 27 Mr. _Henry Flint_ Teacher at _Braintry_ dyed. - -_July_ the Ninth Mr. _Jonathan Mitchel_ Pastor of the Church at -_Cambridge_ dyed, he was born at _Halifax_ in _Yorkeshire_ in -_England_, and was brought up in _Harvard-Colledge_ at _Cambridge_ -in _New-England_. - -_July_ the Fifteenth, nine of the clock at night an Eclipse of the -moon, till after Eleven darkned nine digits and thirty five minutes. - -_July_ the Seventeenth a great _Sperma Cæti_ Whale Fifty five foot -long, thrown up at _Winter-harbour_ by _Casco_ in the Province of -_Main_. - -_April_ the Third, Fryday an Earthquake in _New-England_. - -1669. - -[p. 277.] Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ major -General. - -Mr. _Oxenbridge_ chosen Pastor of the Independent Church at -_Boston_. - -The wonderful burning of the mountain _Ætna_, or _Gibella_ in -_Cicilia_ _March_. - -1670. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ major -General. - -Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour now dyed. - -At a place called _Kenebunch_, which is in the Province of _Main_, -not far from the River-side, a piece of clay ground was thrown up -by a mineral vapour (as was supposed) over the tops of high oaks -that grew between it and the River, into the River, stopping the -course thereof, and leaving a hole Forty yards square, wherein [p. -278.] were Thousands of clay bullets as big as musquet bullets, -and pieces of clay in shape like the barrel of a musquet. The like -accident fell out at _Casco_, One and twenty miles from it to the -Eastward, much about the same time; And fish in some ponds in the -Countrey thrown up dead upon the banks, supposed likewise to be -kill’d with mineral vapours. - -A wonderful number of Herrins cast up on shore at high water in -_Black-point-Harbour_ in the province of _Main_, so that they might -have gone half way the leg in them for a mile together. - -Mr. _Thatcher_ chosen Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at _Boston_. - -1671. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ Governour of new _Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Leveret_ Deputy, and major General. - -Elder _Pen_ now dyed at _Boston_, the _English_ troubled much with -griping of the guts, and bloudy Flux, of which several dyed. - -_October_ the Two and twentieth a Ship called the flying _Falcon_ -of _Amsterdam_, arrived at _Dover_, having been out since the first -of _January_ 1669. and been in the South-[p. 279.]Seas in the -latitude of 50 degrees, having sailed 12900 _Dutch_ leagues, the -master told us he made main land, and discovered two Islands never -before discovered, where were men all hairy, Eleven foot in height. - -1672. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. Leveret Deputy, and major General. - -1673. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony now -deceased. - -1674. - -_Thomas Leveret_ chosen Governour. - -Mr. _Simons_ Deputy Governour. - - -_FINIS._ - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - The character ſ (long-form s) has been replaced by the normal s. - A few occurrences of the ‘ct’ ligature have been replaced by the - simple ‘ct’ letter pair. - - The M in Mr. and the S in St. were sometimes italicized. These have - been made normal M and S. - - These errors were present in the original 1674 edition: - Pg 152: ‘in the Fifttenth’ replaced by ‘in the Fifteenth’. - Pg 172: ‘the Sixt Pope’ replaced by ‘the Sixth Pope’. - Pg 204: ‘Ian. 19.’ replaced by ‘Jan. 19.’. - - This error was introduced in the 1865 edition: - Pg 19: ‘Fo rwo Skillets’ replaced by ‘For two Skillets’. - - Other errors have been passed through without change, for example: - Pg 28: The original text of this poem had a blank line between - each line of verse; these have been retained. - Pg 31: Some words are clearly missing from the original text, - after “were wind bound till”. - Pg 205: The intended date is unclear in "at Tiburn, _December_ - the 11 of _February_." - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO -NEW-ENGLAND *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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