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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2676220 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66922 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66922) diff --git a/old/66922-0.txt b/old/66922-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 699da0b..0000000 --- a/old/66922-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7387 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Account of Two Voyages to New-England, by -John Josselyn - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: An Account of Two Voyages to New-England - Made During the Years 1638, 1663 - -Author: John Josselyn - -Editor: William Veazie - -Release Date: December 11, 2021 [eBook #66922] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO -NEW-ENGLAND *** - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - This book was published in 1865. It was, as the Preface notes, a - “literal” and “exact” copy of the original book published in 1674, - and so retained the spelling, the punctuation and the copious - italicizing of the original. (The errata in the 1674 book were - applied.) - - This etext maintains this careful reproduction of the 1674 text, - with some exceptions that are noted at the end of the book. - - The page numbers of the 1674 book are embedded in the text and - etext in [] brackets; for example [p. 75.] - - The 1865 publisher inserted two corrections in [] brackets; they - have been retained in this etext without change: - page 9: “the Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern” - page 157: “20 English miles, [leagues?] or 60 miles”. - - The dates in the book of course accord with the Julian calendar. - Dual dating was (sometimes) used for events between January 1st - and March 25th (the end of a Julian year), for example on page - 204: “the 24 of _January_ 1659/60 landed at”. - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - The tables in this book are best viewed using a monospace font. - - - - - [Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - TWO VOYAGES - - TO - - NEW-ENGLAND. - - [Illustration: (Decorative icon.)] - - - - - _AN ACCOUNT_ - - OF - - TWO VOYAGES - - TO - - _NEW-ENGLAND_, - - Made during the years 1638, 1663. - - _By JOHN JOSSELYN, Gent._ - - [Illustration: (Publisher colophon.)] - - Boston: - - WILLIAM VEAZIE. - - MDCCCLXV. - - - - - Two Hundred and Fifty Copies printed, Small Quarto. - - - _Riverside, Cambridge_: - Printed by H. O. HOUGHTON & CO. - - - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - -PUBLISHER’S PREFACE. - - -The work published by Josselyn in 1672, entitled “New England’s -Rarities discovered,” which has been reprinted in a similar form, -and as a companion volume to the present, contains a full and -detailed account of the family of the author, with many curious -facts relating to the personal history of this early explorer of -New England; but it has been thought expedient to prefix to his -narrative a genealogical chart of the family, copied from a paper -among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, the substance -of which has been printed in the “New England Historical and -Genealogical Register,” and which is now kindly furnished for -publication by Samuel G. Drake, Esq. The table now published will -be found generally to confirm the information given in the account -of the family already published. - -The first of the “Two Voyages” of Josselyn, of which he gives an -account in the present work, was undertaken in the year 1638, -only eight years after the settlement of Boston, and when, to use -his own words, “it was rather a village than a town, there being -not above twenty or thirty houses;” while the second visit of the -author to New England took place in 1663, after an absence of -twenty-five years, and when the town had assumed the proportions of -a flourishing seaport. On this occasion he appears to have remained -in New England for eight years, the principal part of which was -spent on the plantation of his brother, Henry Josselyn, at Black -Point. - -This work is the latest of the author’s productions, and was -not given to the public until 1674. It was reprinted by the -Massachusetts Historical Society in 1833, and may be found in -the third volume of the third series of their collections. -Josselyn’s observations on the natural history of the country, his -descriptions of the various plants and notices of their medicinal -effects, are more full and exact in the present work than in the -“New England’s Rarities,” printed two years earlier, and must be -considered as among the most valuable of those given by the early -botanists of New England. - -The political and theological opinions of Josselyn were not -in accordance with those generally received in the Colonies, -particularly in the later years of his life. On this subject, Prof. -Tuckerman, in his Introduction to the work last mentioned, remarks -that, “In the account of his first voyage, there is no appearance -of that dislike to the Massachusetts government and people which -is observable in the narrative of the second; and may there not -unfairly be connected with his brother’s political and religious -differences with Massachusetts.” There is sufficient evidence in -this work to show that the sympathies of the author were enlisted -in the royal cause, and there appears to be little ground for -admitting his supposed complicity in the fruitless insurrection in -the north of England in 1663, or his identity with the “Capt. John -Jossline” mentioned by the late Rev. Joseph Hunter in his account -of the family. - -The chronological table appended to his “New-England’s Rarities” -is greatly enlarged in the present work, and continued to the year -1674. - -In reprinting this rare and curious volume, great care has been -taken to make it a _literal_ and _exact copy_ of the original, -the proofs having been carefully collated with a copy of the work -belonging to the Library of Harvard College. - -BOSTON, _June 15, 1865_. - - - - - AN - - ACCOUNT - - OF TWO - - VOYAGES - - TO - - NEW-ENGLAND. - - - Wherein you have the setting out of a Ship, With the charges; The - prices of all necessaries for furnishing a Planter & his Family - at his first coming; A Description of the Country, Natives and - Creatures; The Government of the Countrey as it is now possessed - by the _English_, &c. A large Chronological Table of the most - remarkable passages from the first discovering of the Continent - of _America_, to the year 1673. - - By _John Josselyn_ Gent. - - The Second Addition. - - Memner. distich rendred English by Dr. _Heylin_. - - _Heart, take thine ease, - Men hard to please - Thou haply might’st offend, - Though one speak ill - Of thee, some will - Say better; there’s an end._ - - _London_ Printed for _G. Widdowes_ at the _Green Dragon_ in St. - _Pauls_ Church-yard, 1675. - - - - - _LICENSED_ - - BY - - Roger L’estrange, - - - _Novemb._ the - 28. 1673. - - - - - TO THE - - RIGHT HONOURABLE, - - AND - - MOST ILLUSTRIOUS - - THE - - President & Fellows - - OF THE - - ROYAL SOCIETY: - - The following Account of Two - - VOYAGES - - TO - - New-England, - - Is Most Humbly presented - - By the Authour - - _John Josselyn_. - - - - - [Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - - A - - RELATION - - OF TWO - - VOYAGES - - TO - - New-England. - - - - -_The first Voyage._ - - -_Anno Dom._ 1638. _April_ the 26th being _Thursday_, I came -to _Gravesend_ and went aboard the _New Supply_, _alias_, the -_Nicholas of London_, a Ship of good force, of 300 Tuns burden, -carrying 20 Sacre and Minion, man’d with 48 Sailers, the Master -_Robert Taylor_, the Merchant or undertaker Mr. _Edward Tinge_, -with 164 Passengers men, women and children. - -[p. 2.] At _Gravesend_ I began my Journal, from whence we departed -on the 26. of _April_, about Six of the clock at night, and went -down into the _Hope_. - -The 27. being _Fryday_, we set sail out of the _Hope_, and about -Nine of the clock at night we came to an Anchor in _Margaret_-Road -in three fathom and a half water: by the way we past a States man -of war, of 500 Tun, cast away a month before upon the _Goodwin_, -nothing remaining visible above water but her main mast top, 16 of -her men were drowned, the rest saved by Fishermen. - -The 28. we twined into the Downs, where Captain _Clark_ one of His -Majesties Captains in the Navy, came aboard of us in the afternoon, -and prest two of our Trumpeters. Here we had good store of -Flounders from the Fishermen, new taken out of the Sea and living, -which being readily gutted, were fry’d while they were warm; me -thoughts I never tasted of a delicater Fish in all my life before. - -The Third of _May_ being _Ascension_ day, in the afternoon we -weighed out of the _Downs_, the wind at _E._ and ran down into -_Dover_ Road, and lay by the lee, whilst they sent the Skiffe -ashore for one of the Masters mates: by the way we past _Sandwich_ -in the [p. 3.] _Hope_, _Sandown-Castle_, _Deal_; So we steered -away for _Doniesse_, from thence we steered _S. W. ½S._ for the -_Beachie_, about one of the clock at night the wind took us a -stayes with a gust, rain, thunder and lightning, and now a Servant -of one of the passengers sickned of the small pox. - -The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored, the _Isle_ of _Wight_ -_W. N. W._ 10 leagues off, _Beachie_ _E. N. E._ 8 leagues off, -rode in 32 fathom water at low water, at 8 of the clock at night -the land over the Needles bore _N. W._ 4 leagues off, we steered -_W._ afore the Start, at noon the Boult was _N. W._ by _W._ about -3½ leagues off, we were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the -morning, till 12 of the clock at noon, where we took good store of -_Whitings_, and half a score _Gurnets_, this afternoon an infinite -number of _Porpisces_ shewed themselves above water round about -the Ship, as far as we could kenn, the night proved tempestuous -with much lightning and thunder. - -The Sixth day being _Sunday_, at five of the clock at night the -_Lizard_ was _N. W._ by _W._ 6 leagues off, and the _Blackhead_ -which is to the westward of _Falmouth_ was _N. W._ about 5 leagues -off. - -The Seventh day the uttermost part of _Silly_ was _N. E._ 12 -leagues off, and now we began to sail by the logg. - -[p. 4.] The Eighth day, one _Boremans_ man a passenger was duck’d -at the main yards arm (for being drunk with his Masters strong -waters which he stole) thrice, and fire given to two whole Sacree, -at that instant. Two mighty Whales we now saw, the one spouted -water through two great holes in her head into the Air a great -height, and making a great noise with puffing and blowing, the -Seamen called her a Soufler; the other was further off, about -a league from the Ship, fighting with the Sword-fish, and the -Flail-fish, whose stroakes with a fin that growes upon her back -like a flail, upon the back of the Whale, we heard with amazement: -when presently some more than half as far again we spied a spout -from above, it came pouring down like a River of water; So that -if they should light in any Ship, she were in danger to presently -sunk down into the Sea, and falleth with such an extream violence -all whole together as one drop, or as water out of a Vessel, and -dured a quarter of an hour, making the Sea to boyle like a pot, -and if any Vessel be near, it sucks it in. I saw many of these -spouts afterwards at nearer distance. In the afternoon the Mariners -struck a Porpisce, called also a _Marsovius_ or Sea-hogg, with an -harping Iron, and hoisted her aboard, [p. 5.] they cut some of it -into thin pieces, and fryed, it tasts like rusty Bacon, or hung -Beef, if not worse; but the Liver boiled and soused sometime in -Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat. About 8 of the clock at -night, a flame settled upon the main mast, it was about the bigness -of a great Candle, and is called by our Seamen St. _Elmes_ fire, -it comes before a storm, and is commonly thought to be a Spirit; -if two appear they prognosticate safety: These are known to the -learned by the names of _Castor_ and _Pollux_, to the _Italians_ by -St. _Nicholas_ and St. _Hermes_, by the _Spaniards_ called _Corpos -Santos_. - -The Ninth day, about two of the clock in the afternoon, we found -the head of our main mast close to the cap twisted and shivered, -and we presently after found the fore-top-mast crackt a little -above the cap; So they wolled them both, and about two of the clock -in the morning 7 new long Boat oars brake away from our Starboard -quarter with a horrid crack. - -The Eleventh day, they observed and made the Ship to be in latitude -48 degrees 46 minuts, having a great Sea all night; about 6 of -the clock in the morning we spake with Mr. _Rupe_ in a Ship of -_Dartmouth_, which came from _Marcelloes_; and now is _Silly_ _N. -E._ by _E._ 34 leagues off; [p. 6.] about 9 of the clock at night -we sounded, and had 85 fathom water, small brownish pepperie sand, -with a small piece of _Hakes_ Tooth, and now we are 45 leagues off -the _Lizard_, great Seas all night, and now we see to the _S. W._ -six tall Ships, the wind being _S. W._ - -The Twelfth day being _Whitsunday_, at prayer-time we found the -Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern, and also the partie that -was sick of the small pox now dyed, whom we buried in the Sea, -tying a bullet (as the manner is) to his neck, and another to his -leggs, turned him out at a Port-hole, giving fire to a great Gun. -In the afternoon one _Martin Ivy_ a stripling, servant to Captain -_Thomas Cammock_ was whipt naked at the Cap-stern, with a Cat with -Nine tails, for filching 9 great Lemmons out of the _Chirurgeons_ -Cabbin, which he eat rinds and all in less than an hours time. - -The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke, a great one, and hoisted him -aboard with his two Companions (for there is never a Sharke, but -hath a mate or two) that is the Pilot-fish or Pilgrim, which lay -upon his back close to a long finn; the other fish (somewhat bigger -than the Pilot) about two foot long, called a _Remora_, it hath -no scales and sticks close to the Sharkes belly. [p. 7.] So the -Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon, a small fish for his mate, marching -before him, and guiding him; which I have seen likewise. The Seamen -divided the Sharke into quarters, and made more quarter about it -than the Purser, when he makes five quarters of an Oxe, and after -they had cooked him, he proved very rough Grain’d not worthy -of wholesome preferment; but in the afternoon we took store of -_Bonitoes_, or Spanish _Dolphins_, a fish about the size of a large -Mackarel, beautified with admirable varietie of glittering colours -in the water, and was excellent food. - -The Fourteenth day we spake with a _Plimouth_ man (about dinner -time) bound for _New-found-land_, who having gone up west-ward -sprang a leak, and now bore back for _Plimouth_. Now was _Silly_ -50 leagues off, and now many of the passengers fall sick of the -small Pox and Calenture. - -The Sixteenth Mr. _Clarke_, who came out of the _Downs_ with us, -and was bound for the Isle of _Providence_, one of the summer -Islands; the _Spaniards_ having taken it a little before, though -unknown to _Clarke_, and to Captain _Nathaniel Butler_ going -Governour, they departed from us the Wind _N. W._ great Seas and -stormie winds all night. - -[p. 8.] The Seventeenth day, the wind at _N. W._ about 8 of the -clock we saw 5 great Ships bound for the _Channel_, which was to -the Westward of us, about two leagues off, we thought them to be -_Flemmings_; here we expected to have met with Pirates, but were -happily deceived. - -The One and twentieth day, the wind _S._ by _W._ great Seas and -Wind, in’d our courses, and tryed from 5 of the clock afternoon, -till 4 in the morning, the night being very stormie and dark; we -lost Mr. _Goodlad_ and his Ship, who came out with us, and bound -for _Boston_ in _New-England_. - -The Eight and twentieth day, all this while a very great grown Sea -and mighty winds. - -_June_ the first day in the afternoon, very thick foggie weather, -we sailed by an inchanted Island, saw a great deal of filth and -rubbish floating by the Ship, heard _Cawdimawdies_, _Sea-gulls_ -and _Crowes_, (Birds that always frequent the shoar) but could see -nothing by reason of the mist: towards Sunset, when we were past -the Island, it cleared up. - -The Fourteenth day of _June_, very foggie weather, we sailed by -an Island of Ice (which lay on the Star-board side) three leagues -in length mountain high, in form of [p. 9.] land, with Bayes and -Capes like high clift land, and a River pouring off it into the -Sea. We saw likewise two or three Foxes, or Devils skipping upon -it. These Islands of Ice are congealed in the North, and brought -down in the spring-time with the Current to the banks on this side -_New-found-land_, and there stopt, where they dissolve at last -to water; by that time we had sailed half way by it, we met with -a _French_ Pickeroon. Here it was as cold as in the middle of -_January_ in _England_, and so continued till we were some leagues -beyond it. - -The Sixteenth day we sounded, and found 35 fathom water, upon the -bank of _New-found-land_, we cast out our hooks for Cod-fish, -thick foggie weather, the Codd being taken on a Sunday morning, -the Sectaries aboard threw those their servants took into the Sea -again, although they wanted fresh victuals, but the Sailers were -not so nice, amongst many that were taken, we had some that were -wasted Fish, & it is observable and very strange, that fishes -bodies do grow slender with age, their Tails and Heads retaining -their former bigness; Fish of all Creatures have generally the -biggest heads, and the first part that begins to taint in a fish is -the head. - -The Nineteenth day, Captain _Thomas Cammock_ [p. 10.] (a near -kinsman of the Earl of _Warwicks_) now had another lad _Thomas -Jones_, that dyed of the small pox at eight of the clock at night. - -The Twentieth day, we saw a great number of Sea-bats, or Owles, -called also flying fish, they are about the bigness of a Whiting, -with four tinsel wings, with which they fly as long as they are -wet, when pursued by other fishes. Here likewise we saw many -Grandpisces or Herring-hogs, hunting the scholes of Herrings, in -the afternoon we saw a great fish called the _vehuella_ or Sword -fish, having a long, strong and sharp finn like a Sword-blade on -the top of his head, with which he pierced our Ship, and broke -it off with striving to get loose, one of our Sailers dived and -brought it aboard. - -The One and twentieth day, we met with two _Bristow_ men bound for -_New-England_, and now we are 100 and 75 leagues off _Cape-Sable_, -the sandy _Cape_, for so _Sable_ in French signifieth, off of which -lyeth the Isle of _Sable_, which is beyond _New-found-land_, where -they take the _Amphibious_ Creature, the _Walrus_, _Mors_, or -_Sea-Horse_. - -The Two and twentieth, another passenger dyed of a Consumption. Now -we passed by the Southern part of _New-found-land_, [p. 11.] within -sight of it; the Southern part of _New-found-land_ is said to be -not above 600 leagues from _England_. - -The Six and twentieth day, Capt. _Thomas Cammock_ went aboard of a -Barke of 300 Tuns, laden with Island Wine, and but 7 men in her, -and never a Gun, bound for _Richmonds_ Island, set out by Mr. -_Trelaney_, of _Plimouth_, exceeding hot weather now. - -The Eight and twentieth, one of Mr. _Edward Ting’s_ the undertakers -men now dyed of the Phthisick. - -The Nine and twentieth day, sounded at night, and found 120 -fathome water, the head of the Ship struck against a rock; At 4 -of the clock we descryed two sail bound for _New-found-land_, and -so for the _Streights_, they told us of a general Earth-quake -in _New-England_, of the Birth of a Monster at _Boston_, in the -_Massachusets-Bay_ a mortality, and now we are two leagues off -_Cape Ann_. - -The Thirtieth day proved stormie, and having lost the sight of the -Land, we saw none untill the morning; doubtfully discovering the -Coast, fearing the Lee-shore all night we bore out to Sea. - -_July_ the first day, we sounded at 8 of the clock at night, and -found 93 fathome water, descried land. - -The Third day, we Anchored in the _Bay_ of [p. 12.] _Massachusets_ -before _Boston_. Mr. _Tinges_ other man now dyed of the small pox. - -The Tenth day, I went a shore upon _Noddles Island_ to Mr. _Samuel -Maverick_ (for my passage) the only hospitable man in all the -Countrey, giving entertainment to all Comers _gratis_. - -Now before I proceed any further, it will not be Impertinent to -give the intending planter some Instructions for the furnishing of -himself with things necessary, and for undertaking the Transport of -his Family, or any others. - -To which end observe, that a Ship of 150 Tuns, with 2 Decks and -a half, and 26 men, with 12 pieces of Ordnance, the charge will -amount _per_ moneth, with the Mariners, to 120 pound _per_ moneth. -It is better to let the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the -Mariners, and their pay for Wages, and the Transporter only to take -care of the passengers. - - -_The common proportion of Victuals for the Sea to a Mess, being 4 -men, is as followeth_; - - Two pieces of Beef, of 3 pound and ¼ _per_ piece. - - Four pound of _Bread_. - - One pint ½ of _Pease_. - - [p. 13.] Four Gallons of _Bear_, with _Mustard_ and _Vinegar_ for - three flesh dayes in the week. - - -For four fish dayes, to each mess _per_ day. - - Two pieces of _Codd_ or _Habberdine_, making three pieces of a - fish. - - One quarter of a pound of _Butter_. - - Four pound of _Bread_. - - Three quarters of a pound of _Cheese_. - - _Bear_ as before. - -_Oatmeal per_ day, for 50 men, Gallon 1. and so proportionable -for more or fewer. - -Thus you see the Ships provision, is _Beef_ or _Porke_, _Fish_, -_Butter_, _Cheese_, _Pease_, _Pottage_, _Water-gruel_, _Bisket_, -and six shilling _Bear_. - -For private fresh provision, you may carry with you (in case you, -or any of yours should be sick at Sea) Conserves of _Roses_, -_Clove-Gilliflowers_, _Wormwood_, _Green-Ginger_, _Burnt-Wine_, -English _Spirits_, _Prunes_ to stew, _Raisons_ of the _Sun_, -_Currence_, _Sugar_, _Nutmeg_, _Mace_, _Cinnamon_, _Pepper_ and -_Ginger_, White _Bisket_, or _Spanish rusk_, _Eggs_, _Rice_, _juice -of Lemmons_ well put up to cure, or prevent the Scurvy. Small -_Skillets_, _Pipkins_, _Porrengers_, and small _Frying pans_. - -To prevent or take away Sea sickness, Conserve of _Wormwood_ is -very proper, but these following Troches I prefer before it. - -First make paste of _Sugar_ and _Gum-Dragagant_ mixed together, -then mix therewith [p. 14.] a reasonable quantitie of the powder of -_Cinnamon_ and _Ginger_, and if you please a little _Musk_ also, -and make it up into Roules of several fashions, which you may gild, -of this when you are troubled in your Stomach, take and eat a -quantity according to discretion. - - -_Apparel for one man, and after the rate for more._ - - _l._ _s._ _d._ - One Hatt 0 3 0 - One _Monmouth_ Cap 0 1 10 - Three falling bands 0 1 3 - Three Shirts 0 7 6 - One Wastcoat 0 2 6 - One suit of Frize 0 19 0 - One suit of Cloth 0 15 0 - One suit of Canvas 0 7 6 - Three pair of _Irish_ Stockins 0 5 0 - Four pair of Shoos 0 8 0 - One pair of Canvas Sheets 0 8 0 - Seven ells of course Canvas to make a bed at } - Sea for two men, to be filled with straw } 0 5 0 - One course Rug at Sea for two men 0 6 0 - -------------- - _Sum Total._ 4 0 0 - -------------- - - -[p. 15] _Victuals for a whole year to be carried out of_ England -_for one man, and so for more after the rate_. - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - Eight bushels of _Meal_ 2 0 0 - Two bushels of _Pease_ at three shillings a bushel 0 6 0 - Two bushels of _Oatmeal_, at four and six pence } - the bushel } 0 9 0 - One Gallon of _Aqua vitæ_ 0 2 6 - One Gallon of _Oyl_ 0 3 6 - Two Gallons of _Vinegar_ 0 2 0 - - -Note. - -Of _Sugar_ and _Spice_, 8 pound make the stone, 13 stone and an -half, _i. e._ 100 pound maketh the hundred, but your best way is to -buy your _Sugar_ there, for it is cheapest, but for Spice you must -carry it over with you. - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - A Hogshead of _English_ Beef will cost 5 0 0 - A Hogshead of _Irish_ Beef will cost 2 10 0 - A Barrel of _Oatmeal_ 0 13 0 - A Hogshead of _Aqua vitæ_ will cost 4 0 0 - A Hogshead of _Vinegar_ 1 0 0 - A bushel of _Mustard-seed_ 0 6 0 - -[p. 16.] A _Kental_ of fish, Cod or Habberdine is 112 pound, will -cost if it be merchantable fish, Two or three and thirty Rials a -_Kental_, if it be refuse you may have it for 10 or 11 shillings a -_Kental_. - - -_Wooden Ware._ - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - A pair of Bellowes 0 2 0 - A Skoope 0 0 9 - A pair of Wheels for a Cart, if you buy them } - in the Countrey, they will cost 3 or 4 pound } 0 14 0 - Wheelbarrow you may have there, in } - _England_ they cost } 0 6 0 - A great pail in _England_ will cost 0 0 10 - A Boat called a Canow, will cost in the Countrey } - (with a pair of Paddles) if it be a good one } 3 0 0 - A short Oake ladder in _England_ will cost but 0 0 10 - A Plough 0 3 9 - An Axletree 0 0 8 - A Cart 0 10 0 - For a casting shovel 0 0 10 - For a shovel 0 0 6 - For a Sack 0 2 4 - For a Lanthorn 0 1 3 - -_For Tobacco pipes short steels, and great bouls_ 14 _pence and_ 16 -_pence the grose._ - - [p. 17.] - For clipping an hundred sheep in } - _England_ } 0 4 6 - For winding the Wool 0 0 8 - For washing them 0 2 0 - For one Garnish of Peuter 2 0 0 - - -_Prizes of Iron Ware_. - - -_Arms for one man, but if half of your men have Armour it is -sufficient so that all have pieces and swords._ - - _l_. _s_. _d_. - One Armour compleat, light 0 17 0 - One long piece five foot, or five and a half } - near Musket bore } 1 2 0 - One Sword 0 5 0 - One Bandaleer 0 1 6 - One Belt 0 1 0 - Twenty pound of powder 0 18 0 - Sixty pound of shot or lead, pistol and Goose } - shot } 0 5 0 - -_Tools for a Family of Six persons, and so after the rate for more._ - - Five broad howes at two shillings a piece 0 10 0 - Five narrow howes at 16 pence a piece 0 6 8 - [p. 18.] Five felling Axes at 18 pence a piece 0 7 6 - Two steel hand-sawes at 16 pence the piece 0 2 8 - Two hand-sawes at 5 shillings a piece 0 10 0 - One whip saw, set and filed with box 0 10 0 - A file and wrest 0 0 10 - Two Hammers 12 pence a piece 0 2 0 - Three shovels 18 pence a piece shod 0 4 6 - Two spades 18 pence a piece 0 3 0 - Two Augars 0 1 0 - Two broad Axes at 3 shillings 8 pence a piece 0 7 4 - Six Chissels 0 3 0 - Three Gimblets 0 0 6 - Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece 0 3 6 - Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece 0 3 0 - Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece 0 3 4 - Nails of all sorts to be valued 2 0 0 - Two pick-Axes 0 3 0 - Three Locks, and 3 pair of Fetters 0 5 10 - Two Currie Combs 0 0 11 - For a Brand to brand Beasts with 0 0 6 - For a Chain and lock for a Boat 0 2 2 - For a Coulter weighing 10 pound 0 3 4 - For a Hand-vise 0 2 6 - [p. 19.] For a Pitch-fork 0 1 4 - For one hundred weight of Spikes 2 5 0 - Nails and pins 120, to the hundred - For a share 0 2 11 - -_Houshould Implements for a Family of six persons, and so for more -or less after the rate._ - - One Iron Pot 0 7 0 - For one great Copper Kettle 2 0 0 - For a small Kettle 0 10 0 - For a lesser Kettle 0 6 0 - For one large Frying-pan 0 2 6 - For a small Frying-pan 0 1 8 - For a brass Morter 0 3 0 - For a Spit 0 2 0 - For one Grid-Iron 0 10 0 - For two Skillets 0 5 0 - Platters, dishes, & spoons of wood 0 4 0 - For Sugar, Spice, and fruits at Sea for six men 0 12 10 - _The fraught will be for one man half a Tun._ - - -Having refreshed my self for a day or two upon _Noddles-Island_, I -crossed the Bay in a small Boat to _Boston_, which then was rather -a Village, than a Town, there being not [p. 20.] above Twenty or -thirty houses; and presenting my respects to Mr. _Winthorpe_ the -Governour, and to Mr. _Cotton_ the Teacher of _Boston_ Church, -to whom I delivered from Mr. _Francis Quarles_ the poet, the -Translation of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Psalms into -_English_ Meeter, for his approbation, being civilly treated by all -I had occasion to converse with, I returned in the Evening to my -lodging. - -The Twelfth day of _July_, after I had taken my leave of Mr. -_Maverick_, and some other Gentlemen, I took Boat for the Eastern -parts of the Countrie, and arrived at _Black point_ in the Province -of _Main_, which is 150 miles from _Boston_, the Fourteenth day, -which makes my voyage 11 weeks and odd dayes. - -The Countrey all along as I sailed, being no other than a meer -Wilderness, here and there by the Sea-side a few scattered -plantations, with as few houses. - -About the Tenth of _August_, I hapned to walk into the Woods, -not far from the Sea-side, and falling upon a piece of ground -over-grown with bushes, called there black Currence, but differing -from our Garden Currence, they being ripe and hanging in lovely -bunches; I set up my piece against a stately Oake, with a -resolution to fill my [p. 21.] belly, being near half a mile from -the house; of a sudden I heard a hollow thumping noise upon the -Rocks approaching towards me, which made me presently to recover -my piece, which I had no sooner cock’d, than a great and grim -over-grown she-Wolf appears, at whom I shot, and finding her -Gor-belly stuft with flesh newly taken in, I began presently to -suspect that she had fallen foul upon our Goats, which were then -valued (our she Goats) at Five pound a Goat; Therefore to make -further discovery, I descended (it being low water) upon the Sea -sands, with an intent to walk round about a neck of land where the -Goats usually kept. I had not gone far before I found the footing -of two Wolves, and one Goat betwixt them, whom they had driven into -a hollow, betwixt two Rocks, hither I followed their footing, and -perceiving by the Crowes, that there was the place of slaughter, I -hung my piece upon my back, and upon all four clambered up to the -top of the Rock, where I made ready my piece and shot at the dog -Wolf, who was feeding upon the remainder of the Goat, which was -only the fore shoulders, head and horns, the rest being devoured -by the she-Wolf, even to the very hair of the Goat: and it is very -observable, that when [p. 22.] the Wolves have kill’d a Beast, or a -Hog, not a Dog-Wolf amongst them offers to eat any of it, till the -she-Wolves have filled their paunches. - -The Twenty fourth of _September_, being Munday about 4 of the clock -in the afternoon, a fearful storm of wind began to rage, called a -_Hurricane_. _It is an impetuous wind that goes commonly about the -Compass in the space of_ 24 _hours, it began from the_ W. N. W. and -continued till next morning, the greatest mischief it did us, was -the wracking of our Shallop, and the blowing down of many tall -Trees, in some places a mile together. - -_December_ the Tenth, happened an Eclipse of the Moon at 8 of the -clock at night, it continued till after 11, as near as we could -guess; in old _England_ it began after midnight, and continued till -4 of _the clock in the morning; if Seamen would make observation -of the time, either of the beginning or ending of the Eclipse, -or total darkness of Sun and Moon in all places where they shall -happen to be, and confer their observations to some Artist, hereby -the longitude of all places might be certainly known, which are now -very uncertainly reported to us_. - -1639. _May_, which fell out to be extream hot and foggie, about the -middle of _May_, I [p. 23.] kill’d within a stones throw of our -house, above four score Snakes, some of them as big as the small of -my leg, black of colour, and three yards long, with a sharp horn on -the tip of their tail two inches in length. - -_June_ the Six and twentieth day, very stormie, Lightning -and Thunder. I heard now two of the greatest and fearfullest -thunder-claps that ever were heard, I am confident. At this time we -had some neighbouring Gentlemen in our house, who came to welcome -me into the Countrey; where amongst variety of discourse they told -me of a young Lyon (not long before) kill’d at _Piscataway_ by an -_Indian_; of a Sea-_Serpent_ or _Snake_, that lay quoiled up like a -Cable upon a Rock at _Cape-Ann_: a Boat passing by with _English_ -aboard, and two _Indians_, they would have shot the _Serpent_ but -the _Indians_ disswaded them, saying, that if he were not kill’d -out-right, they would be all in danger of their lives. - -One Mr. _Mittin_ related of a _Triton_ or _Mereman_ which he saw -in _Cascobay_, the Gentleman was a great Fouler, and used to goe -out with a small Boat or Canow, and fetching a compass about a -small Island, (there being many small Islands in the Bay) for the -advantage of a shot, was encountred [p. 24.] with a _Triton_, who -laying his hands upon the side of the Canow, had one of them chopt -off with a Hatchet by Mr. _Mittin_, which was in all respects like -the hand of a man, the _Triton_ presently sunk, dying the water -with his purple blood, and was no more seen. The next story was -told by Mr. _Foxwell_, now living in the province of _Main_, who -having been to the Eastward in a Shallop, as far as _Cape-Ann_ a -Waggon in his return was overtaken by the night, and fearing to -land upon the barbarous shore, he put off a little further to Sea; -about midnight they were wakened with a loud voice from the shore, -calling upon _Foxwell_, _Foxwell_ come a shore, two or three times: -upon the Sands they saw a great fire, and Men and Women hand in -hand dancing round about it in a ring, after an hour or two they -vanished, and as soon as the day appeared, _Foxwell_ puts into a -small _Cove_, it being about three quarters floud, and traces along -the shore, where he found the footing of Men, Women and Children -shod with shoes; and an infinite number of brands-ends thrown up by -the water, but neither _Indian_ nor _English_ could he meet with -on the shore, nor in the woods; these with many other stories they -told me, the credit whereof I will neither impeach nor inforce, but -shall [p. 25.] satisfie my self, and I hope the Reader hereof, with -the saying of a wise, learned and honourable Knight, _that there -are many Stranger things in the world, than are to be seen between_ -London _and_ Stanes. - -_September_ the Sixth day, one Mr. _John Hickford_ the Son of -Mr. _Hickford_ a Linnen-Draper in _Cheapside_, having been some -time in the province of _Main_, and now determined to return for -_England_, sold and kill’d his stock of Cattle and Hoggs, one -great Sow he had which he made great account of, but being very -fat, and not suspecting that she was with pig, he caused her to be -kill’d, and they found 25 pigs within her belly; verifying the old -proverb, As fruitful as a white sow. And now we were told of a sow -in _Virginia_ that brought forth six pigs; their fore-parts Lyons, -their hinder-parts hogs. _I have read that at_ Bruxels, Anno 1564. -_a sow brought forth six pigs, the first whereof (for the last in -generating is always in bruit beasts the first brought forth) had -the head, face, arms and legs of a man, but the whole trunck of the -body from the neck, was of a swine, a sodomitical monster is more -like the mother than the father in the organs of the vegetative -soul._ - -The Three and twentieth, I left _Black-point_, and came to -_Richmonds_ Island about [p. 26.] three leagues to the Eastward, -where Mr. _Tralanie_ kept a fishing, Mr. _John Winter_ a grave and -discreet man was his Agent, and imployer of 60 men upon that design. - -The Four and twentieth day being _Munday_, I went aboard the -_Fellowship_ of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemish bottom, the Master -_George Luxon_ of _Bittiford_ in _Devonshire_, several of my -friends came to bid me farewell, among the rest Captain _Thomas -Wannerton_ who drank to me a pint of kill-devil _alias_ Rhum at a -draught, at 6 of the clock in the morning we weighed Anchor, and -set sail for the _Massachusets-bay_. - -The Seven and twentieth day being _Fryday_, we Anchored in the -afternoon in the _Massachusets-bay_ before _Boston_. Next day I -went aboard of _Mr. Hinderson_, Master of a ship of 500 Tuns, -and Captain _Jackson_ in the Queen of _Bohemia_ a privateer, -and from thence I went ashore to _Boston_, where I refreshed my -self at an Ordinary. Next morning I was invited to a fisherman’s -house somewhat lower within the _Bay_, and was there by his Wife -presented with a handful of small Pearl, but none of them bored nor -orient. From thence I crost the Bay to _Charles-town_, where at one -_Longs_ Ordinary I met with Captain _Jackson_ and others, walking -on the back side we spied a rattle [p. 27.] Snake a yard and half -long, and as thick in the middle as the small of a mans leg, on -the belly yellow, her back spotted with black, russet, yellow and -green, placed like scales, at her tail she had a rattle which is -nothing but a hollow shelly buffiness joynted, look how many years -old she is, so many rattles she hath in her tail, her neck seemed -to be no bigger than ones Thumb; yet she swallowed a live Chicken, -as big as one they give 4 pence for in _England_, presently as we -were looking on. In the afternoon I returned to our Ship, being no -sooner aboard but we had the sight of an _Indian_-Pinnace sailing -by us made of _Birch-bark_, sewed together with the roots of spruse -and white _Cedar_ (drawn out into threads) with a deck, and trimmed -with sails top and top gallant very sumptuously. - -The Thirtieth day of _September_, I went ashore upon -_Noddles_-Island, where when I was come to Mr. _Mavericks_ he would -not let me go aboard no more, until the Ship was ready to set sail; -the next day a grave and sober person described the Monster to -me, that was born at _Boston_ of one Mrs. _Dyer_ a great Sectarie, -_the Nine and twentieth of_ June, _it was (it should seem) without -a head, but having horns like a Beast, and ears, scales on a rough -skin like a fish_ [p. 28.] _called a_ Thornback, _legs and claws -like a_ Hawke, _and in other respects as a Woman-child_. - -The Second of _October_, about 9 of the clock in the morning, Mr. -_Mavericks_ Negro woman came to my chamber window, and in her own -Countrey language and tune sang very loud and shril, going out to -her, she used a great deal of respect towards me, and willingly -would have expressed her grief in _English_; but I apprehended -it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I repaired to my -host, to learn of him the cause, and resolved to intreat him in her -behalf, for that I understood before, that she had been a Queen in -her own Countrey, and observed a very humble and dutiful garb used -towards her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. _Maverick_ was -desirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore seeing she would -not yield by perswasions to company with a Negro young man he had -in his house; he commanded him will’d she nill’d she to go to bed -to her, which was no sooner done but she kickt him out again, this -she took in high disdain beyond her slavery, and this was the cause -of her grief. In the afternoon I walked into the Woods on the back -side of the house, and happening into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk -(which was a sledgway) I wandered till I chanc’t to spye a fruit -as I thought like a pine Apple plated with scales, it was as big -as the crown of a Womans hat; I made bold to step unto it, with -an intent to have gathered it, no sooner had I toucht it, but -hundreds of Wasps were about me; at last I cleared my self from -them, being stung only by one upon the upper lip, glad I was that -I scaped so well; But by that time I was come into the house my -lip was swell’d so extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my -Garments. - -The Tenth of _October_, I went aboard and we fell down to -_Nantascot_, here Mr. _Davies_ (Mr. _Hicks_ the Apothecarie in -_Fleet-streets_ Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthisick aboard on a -Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr. _Luxon_ our Master having -been ashore upon the Governours Island gave me half a score very -fair Pippins which he brought from thence, there being not one -Apple-tree, nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but -upon that Island. - -The Fifteenth day, we set sail from _Nantascot_. - -The Sixteenth day Mr. _Robert Foster_, one of our passengers -Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 113 Psalm; _The Lord shall -preserve thy going out, & thy coming in_; The Sectaries began to -quarrel with him, especially Mr. _Vincent Potter_, he who was -afterwards questioned for a Regicide. - -The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-set a Lanner settled upon our main -Mast-top, when it was dark I hired one of the Sailers to fetch her -down, and I brought her into _England_ with much ado, being fain to -feed her with hard Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather -at Sea, our deck in a morning ore-spread with hoarie frost, and -dangling Isickles hung upon the Ropes. _Some say the Sea is hotter -in winter, than in summer; but I did not find it so._ - -_November_ the Fifth day, about three of the clock in the -afternoon, the Mariners observed the rising of a little black cloud -in the _N. W._ which increasing apace, made them prepare against a -coming storm, the wind in short time grew to boisterous, bringing -after us a huge grown Sea, at 5 of the clock it was pitchie dark. - - _And the bitter storm augments; the wild winds wage_ - - _War from all parts; and joyn with the Seas rage._ - - [p. 31.] _The sad clouds sink in showers; you would have thought,_ - - _That high-swoln-seas even unto Heaven had wrought;_ - - _And Heaven to Seas defended: no star shown;_ - - _Blind night in darkness, tempests, and her own_ - - _Dread terrours lost; yet this dire lightning turns_ - - _To more fear’d light; the Sea with lightning Burns._ - - _The Pilot knew not what to chuse or fly,_ - - _Art stood amaz’d in Ambiguity._ - -The storm augmenting still, the next day about 4 of the clock -afternoon we lost our Rudder, and with that our hopes, so necessary -a part it is, that a ship without it, is like a wild horse without -a bridle; yet _Aristotle_ that _Eagle_-ey’d _Philosopher could not -give a reason, why so small a thing as a Helm should rule the ship_. - -[p. 32.] The Seventh day at night, the wind began to dye away, the -next day we had leasure to repair our breaches; it continued calm -till the 13 day, and all the while we saw many dead bodies of men -and women floating by us. - -The Four and twentieth, we arrived before _Bittiford_, having past -before under _Lundee_-Island. - - - - -The Second - -VOYAGE. - - -I have heard of a certain Merchant in the west of _England_, who -after many great losses, walking upon the Sea-bank in a calm -Sun-shining day; observing the smoothness of the Sea, coming in -with a chequered or dimpled wave: Ah (quoth he) thou flattering -Element, many a time hast thou inticed me to throw my self and my -fortunes into thy Arms; but thou hast hitherto proved treacherous; -thinking to find thee a Mother of encrease, I have found thee -to be the Mother of mischief and wickedness; yea the Father of -prodigies; therefore, being now secure, I will trust thee no more: -But mark this mans resolution a while after, _periculum maris -spes lucri superat_. So fared it with me, that having escaped the -dangers of one Voyage, must needs put on a resolution for a second, -wherein I plowed many a churlish billow [p. 34.] with little or -no advantage, but rather to my loss and detriment. In the setting -down, whereof I purpose not to insist in a methodical way, but -according to my quality, in a plain and brief relation as I have -done already; for I perceive, if I used all the Art that possibly -I could, it would be difficult to please all, for all mens eyes, -ears, faith, judgement, are not of a size. There be a sort of -stagnant stinking spirits, who, like flyes, lye sucking at the -botches of carnal pleasures, and never travelled so much Sea, as -is between _Heth-ferry_, and _Lyon-Key_; yet notwithstanding, -(sitting in the Chair of the scornful over their whists and -draughts of intoxication) will desperately censure the relations -of the greatest Travellers. It was a good _proviso_ of a learned -man, never to report wonders, for in so doing, of the greatest he -will be sure not to be believed, but laughed at, which certainly -bewraies their ignorance and want of discretion. Of Fools and -Madmen then I shall take no care, I will not invite these in the -least to honour me with a glance from their supercilious eyes; but -rather advise them to keep their inspection for their fine-tongu’d -Romances, and playes. This homely piece, I protest ingenuously, -is prepared for such only who well know how to make use of their -[p. 35.] charitable constructions towards works of this nature, to -whom I submit my self in all my faculties, and proceed in my second -voyage. - -_Anno 1663._ _May_ the Three and twentieth, I went down to -_Gravesend_, it being _Saturday_ I lay ashore till _Monday_ the -fifth, about 11 a clock at night, I went aboard the _Society_ -belonging to _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_ a Colony of _English_ -in _New-England_, of 200 and 20 Tun, carrying 16 Iron Guns most -unserviceable, man’d with 33 sailers, and 77 passengers, men, women -and children. - -The Six and twentieth day, about 6 of the clock in the morning we -weighed Anchor, and fell down with the tide three or four miles -below _Gravesend_. - -The Seven and twentieth in the afternoon, we weighed Anchor and -came into the _Hope_ before _Deal-Castle_, here we were wind bound -till - -The 30 day, we set sail out of the _Downs_, being _Saturday_ -about 9 of the clock in the morning, about 4 of the clock in the -afternoon we came up with _Beachy_ by _W._ at _Nore_. - -The One and thirtieth at 4 of the clock in the morning we came -up with the Isle of _Wight_, at 4 of the clock in the afternoon -[p. 36.] we had _Portland_ N. N. W. of us, 6 leagues off, the -wind being then at _N. W. by N._ at 5 of the clock we came to -_Dartmouth_, the wind _W. S. W._ - -_June_ the first day, being _Monday_ about 4 of the clock -_Plimouth_ was about 9 leagues off, our course _W. S. W._ the Start -bore North distant about 6 leagues from whence our reckonings -began; the wind now _E. N. E._ a fair gale. - -The second day the _Lizard_ bore _N. N. W._ in the latitude 51. 300 -leagues from _Cape-Cod_ in _New England_, our course _W._ and by -_S._ One of our passengers now dyed of a Consumption. - -The Fifth day we steered _S. W._ observed and found the ship in -latitude 47 degrees, and 44 minutes. - -The Tenth day observed and found the ship in latitude 49 degrees, -and 24 minutes. - -The Five and twentieth day, about 3 of the clock in the morning we -discovered land, about 6 of the clock _Flowers_, so called from -abundance of flowers, and _Corvo_ from a multitude of _Crowes_; two -of the _Azores_ or western Islands, in the _Atlantique Ocean_ not -above 250 leagues from _Lisbon_ bore _N. W._ of us some 3 leagues -off, we steered away _W._ by _W._ observed and found _Flowers_ to -be in the Southern part in latitude 39 [p. 37.] degrees 13 minuts, -we descryed a Village and a small Church or Chappel seated in -a pleasant valley to the Easter-side of the Island, the whole -Island is rockie and mountanious about 8 miles in compass, stored -with Corn, Wine and Goats, and inhabited by outlaw’d _Portingals_, -the Town they call _Santa Cruz_. _Corvo_ is not far from this, -I supposed two or three leagues, a meer mountain, and very high -and steep on all sides, cloathed with tall wood on the very top, -uninhabited, but the _Flowreans_ here keep some number of Goats. - -The Seven and twentieth day, 30 leagues to the westward of these -Islands we met with a small Vessel stoln from _Jamaico_, but 10 -men in her, and those of several nations, _English_, _French_, -_Scotch_, _Dutch_ almost famish’d, having been out as they told us, -by reason of calms, three moneths, bound for _Holland_. - -_July_ the sixth, calm now for two or three dayes, our men went out -to swim, some hoisted the _Shallop_ out and took divers Turtles, -there being an infinite number of them all over the Sea as far as -we could ken, and a man may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles, -they floated upon the top of the water being a sleep, and driving -gently upon them with the _Shallop_, of a sudden [p. 38.] they -took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the boat, if -they be not very nimble they awake and presently dive under water; -when they were brought aboard they sob’d and wept exceedingly, -continuing to do so till the next day that we killed them, by -chopping off their heads, and having taken off their shells (that -on their back being fairest, is called a Gally patch) we opened -the body and took out three hearts in one case, and (which was -more strange) we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after -they were taken out. I have observed in _England_ in my youthful -dayes the like in the heart of a _Pike_, and the heart of a _Frog_, -which will leap and skip as nimbly as the _Frog_ used to do when -it was alive from whom it was taken. Likewise the heart of a _Pig_ -will stir after it is exenterated. Being at a friends house in -_Cambridg-shire_, the Cook-maid making ready to slaughter a _Pig_, -she put the hinder parts between her legs as the usual manner -is, and taking the snout in her left hand with a long knife she -stuck the _Pig_ and cut the small end of the heart almost in two, -letting it bleed as long as any bloud came forth, then throwing -of it into a Kettle of boyling water, the _Pig_ swom twice round -about the kettle, when taking of it out to [p. 39.] the dresser -she rub’d it with powdered _Rozen_ and stript off the hair, and -as she was cutting off the hinder pettito, the _Pig_ lifts up his -head with open mouth, as if it would have bitten: well, the belly -was cut up, and the entrails drawn out, and the heart laid upon -the board, which notwithstanding the wound it received had motion -in it, above four hours after; there were several of the Family -by, with my self, and we could not otherwayes conclude but that -the _Pig_ was bewitched; but this by the way. Of the Sea Turtles -there be five sorts, first the Trunck-turtle which is biggest, -Secondly, the Loggerhead-turtle. Thirdly, the Hawkbill-turtle, -which with its bill will bite horribly. Fourthly, the Green-turtle -which is best for food, it is affirmed that the feeding upon this -Turtle for a twelve moneth, forbearing all other kind of food will -cure absolutely Consumptions, and the great pox; They are a very -delicate food, and their Eggs are very wholesome and restorative, -it is an _Amphibious_ Creature going ashore, the male throws the -female on her back when he couples with her, which is termed -cooting, their Eggs grown to perfection the female goes ashore -again and making a hole in the Sand, there layes her Eggs which -are numerous, I have seen a peck [p. 40.] of Eggs taken out of one -Turtle; when they have laid they cover the hole again with sand, -and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs, which hatching -in the sand and coming to some strength break out and repair to the -Sea. Having fill’d our bellies with Turtles and Bonito’s, called -_Spanish_ Dolphins excellently well cooked both of them, the wind -blowing fair, - -The Eighth day we spread our sails and went on our voyage, after a -while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds called Gulf-weed coming -out of the Bay of _Mexico_, and firr-trees floating on the Sea, -observed and found the Ship to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts. - -The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three foot long, -which being drest and dished by a young Merchant a passenger -happened to be very good fish, having very white flesh in flakes -like Codd but delicately curl’d, the back-bone which is perfectly -round, joynted with short joynts, the space between not above a -quarter of an inch thick, separated they make fine Table-men, being -wrought on both sides with curious works. - -The One and twentieth thick hasie weather. - -The Five and twentieth we met with a [p. 41.] _Plimouth_ man come -from St. _Malloes_ in _France_, 10 weeks out, laden with cloath, -fruit, and honey, bound for _Boston_ in _New-England_. - -The Six and twentieth we had sight of land. - -The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at _Nantascot_, in the -afternoon I went aboard of a _Ketch_, with some other of our -passengers, in hope to get to _Boston_ that night; but the Master -of the _Ketch_ would not consent. - -The Eight and twentieth being _Tuesday_, in the morning about 5 -of the clock he lent us his _Shallop_ and three of his men, who -brought us to the western end of the town where we landed, and -having gratified the men, we repaired to an Ordinary (for so they -call their Taverns there) where we were provided with a liberal -cup of burnt Madera-wine, and store of plum-cake, about ten of the -clock I went about my Affairs. - -Before I pursue my Voyage to an end, I shall give you to -understand what Countrie _New-England_ is. _New-England_ is -that part of _America_, which together with _Virginia_, _Mary -land_, and _Nova-scotia_ were by the _Indians_ called (by one -name) _Wingadacoa_, after the discovery by Sir _Walter_ [p. 42.] -_Rawleigh_ they were named _Virginia_, and so remained untill King -_James_ divided the Countrey into Provinces. _New-England_ then is -all that tract of land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes -of 40 and 46, that is from _De-la-ware-Bay_ to _New-found-land_, -some will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King _Jame’s_ -Letters Patents to the Council of _Plimouth_ in _Devonshire_ from -40 to 48 of the same latitude, it is judged to be an Island, -surrounded on the North with the spacious River of _Canada_, on -the South with _Mahegan_ or _Hudsons_ River, having their rise, as -it is thought, from two great lakes not far off one another, the -Sea lyes East and South from the land, and is very deep, some say -that the depth of the Sea being measured with line and plummet, -seldom exceeds two or three miles, except in some places near the -_Swevian_-shores, and about _Pontus_, observed by _Pliny_. Sir -_Francis Drake_ threw out 7 Hogsheads of line near _Porto-bello_ -and found no bottom, but whether this be true or no, or that they -were deceived by the Currants carrying away their lead and line, -this is certainly true, that there is more Sea in the Western than -the Eastern _Hemisphere_, on the shore in more places than one at -spring-tides, that is at the full or new of the moon, [p. 43.] the -Sea riseth 18 foot perpendicular, the reason of this great flow of -waters I refer to the learned, onely by the way I shall acquaint -you with two reasons for the ebbing and flowing of the Sea; the one -delivered in Common conference, the other in a Sermon at _Boston_ -in the _Massachusets-Bay_ by an eminent man; The first was, _that -God and his spirit moving upon the waters caused the motion_; the -other, _that the spirit of the waters gathered the waters together; -as the spirit of Christ gathered souls_. - -The shore is Rockie, with high cliffs, having a multitude of -considerable Harbours; many of which are capacious enough for a -Navy of 500 sail, one of a thousand, the Countrie within Rockie -and mountanious, full of tall wood, one stately mountain there -is surmounting the rest, about four score mile from the Sea: The -description of it you have in my rarities of _New-England_, between -the mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as ever -eye beheld, beset on each side with variety of goodly Trees, the -grass man-high unmowed, uneaten and uselesly withering; within -these valleys are spacious lakes or ponds well stored with Fish -and Beavers; the original of all the great Rivers in the Countrie, -of which there are many with lesser [p. 44.] streams (wherein are -an infinite of fish) manifesting the goodness of the soil which -is black, red-clay, gravel, sand, loom, and very deep in some -places, as in the valleys and swamps, which are low grounds and -bottoms infinitely thick set with Trees and Bushes of all sorts for -the most part, others having no other shrub or Tree growing, but -spruse, under the shades whereof you may freely walk two or three -mile together; being goodly large Trees, and convenient for masts -and sail-yards. The whole Countrie produceth springs in abundance -replenished with excellent waters, having all the properties -ascribed to the best in the world. - - _Swift is’t in pace, light poiz’d, to look in clear, - And quick in boiling (which esteemed were) - Such qualities, as rightly understood - Withouten these no water could be good._ - -_One Spring there is, at_ Black-point _in the Province of_ Main, -_coming out of muddy clay that will colour a spade, as if hatcht -with silver, it is purgative and cures scabs and Itch_, &c. - -[Sidenote: Isa. 45. 3.] - -The mountains and Rocky Hills are richly furnished with mines of -Lead, Silver, [p. 45.] Copper, Tin, and divers sorts of minerals, -branching out even to their summits, where in small Crannies you -may meet with threds of perfect silver; yet have the _English_ -no maw to open any of them, whether out of ignorance or fear of -bringing a forraign Enemy upon them, or (like the dog in the -manger) to keep their Soveraign from partaking of the benefits, who -certainly may claim an interest in them as his due, being eminently -a gift proceeding from divine bounty to him; no person can pretend -interest in Gold, Silver, or Copper by the law of Nations, but -the Soveraign Prince; but the subjects of our King have a right to -mines discovered in their own Lands and inheritances; So as that -every tenth Tun of such Oar is to be paid to the proprietors of -such lands, and not to the state, if it be not a mine-Royal: if it -prove to be a mine-Royal, every fifth Tun of all such Oar as shall -hold Gold or Silver worth refining, is to be rendered to the King. -_The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long since concluded, that -although the Gold or Silver conteined in the base mettals of a mine -in the land of a Subject, be of less value than the baser mettal; -yet if the Gold or Silver do countervail the charge of refining it, -or be more worth than the base mettal spent_ [p. 46.] _in refining -it, that then it is a mine-Royal, and as well the base mettal as -the Gold and Silver in it belongs by prerogative to the Crown._ - -The stones in the Countrey are for the most _mettle_-stone, -free-stone, pebble, slate, none that will run to lime, of which -they have great want, of the slate you may make Tables easie to be -split to the thickness of an inch, or thicker if you please, and -long enough for a dozen men to sit at. Pretious stones there are -too, but if you desire to know further of them, see the Rarities of -_New-England_; onely let me add this observation by the way, that -Crystal set in the Sun taketh fire, and setteth dry Tow or brown -Paper on fire held to it. There is likewise a sort of glittering -sand, which is altogether as good as the glassie powder brought -from the _Indies_ to dry up Ink on paper newly written. The climate -is reasonably temperate, hotter in Summer, and colder in Winter -than with us, agrees with our Constitutions better than _hotter -Climates, these are limbecks to our bodies, forraign heat will -extract the inward and adventitious heat consume the natural, -so much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat of -the Sun, so much more wants he the same inwardly_, which is one -reason why [p. 47.] they are able to receive more and larger -draughts of Brandy, & the like strong spirits than in _England_ -without offence. _Cold is less tolerable than heat, this a friend -to nature, that an enemy. Many are of opinion that the greatest -enemies of life, consisting of heat and moisture, is cold and -dryness; the extremity of cold is more easie to be endured than -extremity of heat; the violent sharpness of winter, than the fiery -raging of Summer. To conclude, they are both bad, too much heat -brings a hot Feaver, too much cold diminisheth the flesh, withers -the face, hollowes the eyes, quencheth natural heat, peeleth the -hair, and procureth baldness._ - -Astronomers have taken special knowledge of the number of 1024 of -the principal apparent noted Stars of all the rest, besides the 7 -Planets, and the 12 Signs, and it is agreed upon that there are -more Stars under the Northern-pole, than under the Southern, the -number of Stars under both poles are innumerable to us; but not -to the Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth, who calleth them all -by their names. _Isai._ 40. _Levate in excelsum oculos vestros & -videte quis creavit hæc? quis educit in numero militiam eorum & -omnia suis nominibus vocat?_ In _January_ 1668. two Suns appeared -and two Moons. The year before was published the Suns prerogative, -vindicated by [p. 48.] _Alexander Nowel_ a young studient at -_Harvard-Colledge_ in the _Massachusets_ Colony, which was as -followeth. - -_Mathematicians have that priviledge, above other Philosophers, -that their foundations are so founded upon, and proved by -demonstration, that reason_ volens nolens _must approve of them, -when they are once viewed by the eye of the intellect_, ipso facto -_it grants a_ probatum est; _if upon those foundations he raises -famous Architectures, which are inseparably joynted in, and joyned -to their ground-works, yet are not their Elements of such vast -extensions, as to have their dimensions adequated with the machine -of the_ primum mobile, _and so include the Fabrick of created -beings; but there are sphears above the sphear of their Activity, -and Orbs placed above the reach of their Instruments, which will_ -non-plus _the most acute inquisitors, at least in reference to -an accurate scrutiny: hence dissentions about Celestial bodies, -whether the planets have any natural light, has been a question, -proving that they borrow their light from the Sun: he being the -primitive, they derivatives; he the_ Augmentum primum, _they_ -Orta, _who though they have light in_ se, _yet not_ ex se. _This -assertion is not expugned by_ Geocentricks _who produce sense -and Antiquity to support their suppositions; nor oppugned by_ -Heliocentricks, [p. 49.] _who deduce their_ Hypothesis _from -reason, and new observations: for_, quicquid in ambitu alicujus -circuli actu diffusum, comprehenditur, id in centro ejusdem -continetur potentia collectum. _Should I put the question to the -vote, questionless the major part of modern Astronomers would carry -it affirmatively; but a testimony being_ Inartificialis Argumentum, -_I shall found my position upon a more Artificial_ Basis. _As for -the multiplication of Eclipses which some fear, it’s needless, for -the extent of the_ Cone _of the earths shaddow_ (à Centro terræ) -_being_ 250 Semidiameters, _it cannot reach_ Mars; Venus _and_ -Mercury _never oppose the Sun. It has been observed by the help -of_ Optick Tubes, _that_ Venus _has divers faces, according to her -diverse position to the Sun. Some affirm the same of_ Mercury, -_but he’s not so liable to observation, being seldom clear of the -radiancy of the Sun. The superior Planets being above the Sun, turn -the same side to the Sun, as they do to us._ Venus _and_ Mars _are -more lucid in their_ Parhelion, _than in their_ Aphelion. _The_ -Telescope _may convince us of this truth_; Evincit enim crassa, -opaca & dissimilium plane partium corpora, planctas esse. _Lastly -God made the Sun and Moon, the two greater lights (though not -the greater lucid bodies) that the Moons light is adventitious, -followes from her invisibilitie_ [p. 50.] _in a central Eclipse: -hence the other planets are destitute of native light_; nam à -majore ad minus valet consequentia negativé. - -In the year 1664. a Star or Comet appeared in _New-England_ in -_December_ in the _South-East_, rising constantly about one of -the clock in the morning, carrying the tail lower and lower till -it came into the _West_, and then bare it directly before it; the -Star it self was of a duskish red, the tail of the colour of _via -lactea_, or the milkie way. A fortnight after it appeared again -rising higher near the _Nadir_ or point over our heads, of the same -form and colour; of which hear the former Scholar. - -_Comets (say Naturalists) proceed from natural causes, but they -oft proceed preternatural effects. That they have been Antecedents -to strange consequents is an universal truth, and proved by -particulars_, viz. _That which hung over_ Hierusalem _before its -extirpation by_ Vespatian, _that vertical to_ Germany, _before -those bloudy Wars_ &c. _So that experience Attests, and reason -Assents, that they have served for sad Prologues to Tragical -Epilogues. For the future preludiums to what events they’l prove, -may be proved by consequence, if they han’t suffered a privation of -their powerful Energie. Dr._ Ward _to salve Contests, distinguishes -between Cometæidæ, which are_ [p. 51.] _Sublunary exhalations, -and Cometæ, which are heavenly bodies, coevous with the Stars; -the cause of the inequality of whose motion, is their Apoge and -Periges. Concerning the height of the late Comets Orb, because of -the deficiency of Instruments, here’s_ pars deficiens. _As for -its motion_ December 10. _’twas about the middle of_ Virgo. Jan. -24. 26 deg. Aries. _Some observe that Comets commonly follow a -Conjunction of the superiour planets. Astronomers attribute much to -the predominancy of that planet which rules it, which they judge -by the Colour; a dull leaden colour, claims_ Saturn _for his Lord; -bright_, Jupiter; _Red_, Mars; _Golden_, Sol; _Yellow_, Venus; -_variable_, Mercury; _pale_, Luna. _Also to the Aspects it receives -from other planets, the sign it is in, and the house of the Heavens -in which it first was. Hence some may judge a scheam of the Heavens -necessary, but unless Calculated for its certain rise (which is -uncertain) it’s adjudged by the judicious, superfluous. Some put -much trust or virtue in the tail, terming it the Ignomon_, &c. _But -that is probable of all, which has been observed of some, that it’s -alwayes opposite to the Sun; hence when the Sun is at the Meridian -of the Antipodes it turns_, &c. _Which_ Regiomont _observed of -that in_ 1475. _and_ Keckerman _of that in_ 1607. Longomontanus -_observes of that in_ 1618. _that its first_ [p. 52.] _appearance -was vertical to_ Germany _and went_ Northward, _so its effect -began there, and made the like progress: it’s rational, that as a -cause, it should operate most powerfully on those in whose Zenith -it is, as the meridional Altitude; nor is it irrational, that as -a sign, it should presage somewhat to all those, in whose Horizon -it appears; for in reason_, Relata se mutuo inferunt, _hence_ -signum _infers_ signatum, _and the signifier implies a signified. -Diverse desire to be certified of the event; but he is wise that -knowes it. Some presume prophetically to specificate from generals -truths; others desperately deny generals and all; of all whom it’s -a truth_, Incidunt in Scyllam, &c. _Noble_ Ticho _concludes, (with -whom I conclude) that it’s not rational particularly to determine -the sequel; for should any, it would be only in a contingent Axiom, -and proceed from fancie; therefore of no necessary consequence, and -would produce only opinion._ - -A friend of mine shewed me a small Treatise written and printed -in the _Massachusets_-Bay by _B. D. Intituled An Astronomical -description of the late Comet, or Blazing-Star, as it appeared in_ -New-England _in the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and the beginning of -the Twelfth moneth_, 1664. _printed at_ Cambridge _by_ Samuel Green -1665. An ingenious piece, but because I could not perswade [p. -53.] my friend to part with it, I took out some short notes being -straitned in time, which are as followes. - -Comets are distinguished in respect of their figure, according -to the divers aspects of the Sun, into _Barbate_, _Caudate_, and -_Crinite_. 1. When the stream like a beard goes before the body. 2. -When the stream followes the body. 3. When the stream goes right up -into the Heavens. - -A Comet is said to be Vertical to any people, when the body of the -Comet passeth over their heads. - -The light of the Comet alters and varies according to the diverse -Aspects of the Sun enlightning it. - -Some took notice of it in the beginning of _November_. - -In _Anno Dom._ 1668. _July_ the Fifteenth happened an Eclipse of -the moon from 9 of the clock at night, till after 11, digits 9, and -35 minutes. - -In _November_ following appeared a Star between the horns of the -Moon in the midst. - -In _Anno Dom._ 1669. about the middle of _June_ at 4 of the clock -in the afternoon, appeared a Rain-bow reverst, and at night about -10 of the clock we had a _Lunar_ Rain-bow. - -[p. 54.] The _Indians_ so far as I could perceive have but little -knowledge of the Stars and Planets, observing the Sun and Moon -only, the dividers of time into dayes and years: they being nearer -to the Equinoctial-line by 10 degrees, have their dayes and nights -more equally divided, being in Summer two hours shorter, in Winter -two hours longer than they are in _England_. The 11 of _June_ the -Sun riseth at 4 and 26 minutes, and setteth at 7 & 34 minutes: in -_December_, the 13 the shortest day, the Sun riseth at 7 and 35 -minutes, and setteth at 4 and 27 minutes. - -Mid-_March_ their Spring begins, in _April_ they have Rain and -Thunder; So again at _Michaelmas_, about which season they have -either before _Michaelmas_ or after outrageous storms of Wind and -Rain. It’s observable that there is no part of the World, which -hath not some certain times of out-rageous storms. We have upon -our Coast in _England_ a _Michaelmas_ flaw, that seldom fails: -in the _West-Indies_ in _August_ and _September_ the forcible -_North_-wind, which though some call _Tuffins_ or _Hurricanes_ -we must distinguish, for a right _Hurricane_ is (as I have said -before) an impetuous wind that goes about the Compass in the -space of 24 hours, in such a storm the Lord _Willoughby_ [p. 55.] -of _Parham_ Governour of the _Barbadoes_ was cast away, going -with a fleet to recover St. _Christophers_ from the _French_, -_Anno Dom._ 1666. _July_. Cold weather begins with the middle of -_November_, the winter’s perpetually freezing, insomuch that their -Rivers and salt-Bayes are frozen over and passable for Men, Horse, -Oxen and Carts: _Æquore cum gelido zephyrus fere xenia Cymbo_. -The _North-west_ wind is the sharpest wind in the Countrie. In -_England_ most of the cold winds and weathers come from the Sea, -and those seats that are nearest the Sea-coasts in _England_ are -accounted unwholsome, but not so in _New-England_, for in the -extremity of winter the _North-East_ and _South_-wind coming from -the Sea produceth warm weather, only the _North-West_-wind coming -over land from the white mountains (which are alwayes (except -in _August_) covered with snow) is the cause of extream cold -weather, alwayes accompanied with deep snowes and bitter frosts, -the snow for the most part four and six foot deep, which melting -on the superficies with the heat of the Sun, (for the most part -shining out clearly every day) and freezing again in the night -makes a crust upon the snow sufficient to bear a man walking with -snow-shoos upon it. And at this [p. 56.] season the _Indians_ go -forth on hunting of Dear and Moose, twenty, thirty, forty miles up -into the Countrie. Their Summer is hot and dry proper for their -_Indian_ Wheat; which thrives best in a hot and dry season, the -skie for the most part Summer and Winter very clear and serene; if -they see a little black cloud in the _North-West_, no bigger than -a man may cover with his Hat, they expect a following storm, the -cloud in short time spreading round about the Horizon accompanied -with violent gusts of wind, rain, and many times lightning and -terrible thunder. In all Countries they have observations how the -weather will fall out, and these rules following are observable -in _New-England_. If the Moon look bright and fair, look for fair -weather, also the appearing of one Rainbow after a storm, is a -known sign of fair weather; if mists come down from the Hills, or -descend from the Heavens, and settle in the valleys, they promise -fair hot weather; mists in the Evening shew a fair hot day on -the morrow: the like when mists rise from waters in the Evening. -The obscuring of the smaller Stars is a certain sign of Tempests -approaching; the oft changing of the wind is also a fore-runner of -a storm; the resounding of the Sea from the shore, and murmuring -of [p. 57.] the winds in the woods without apparent wind, sheweth -wind to follow: shooting of the Stars (as they call it) is an usual -sign of wind from that quarter the Star came from. So look whether -the resounding of the Sea upon the shore be on the _East_ or _West_ -side of the dwelling, out of that quarter will the wind proceed -the next day. The redness of the sky in the morning, is a token -of winds, or rain or both: if the Circles that appear about the -Sun be red and broken, they portend wind; if thick and dark, wind, -snow and rain; the like may be said of the Circles about the moon. -If two rain-bowes appear, they are a sign of rain; If the Sun or -Moon look pale, look for rain: if a dark cloud be at Sun-rising, -in which the Sun soon after is hid, it will dissolve it, and rain -will follow; _nebula ascendens indicat imbres, nebula descendens -serenitatem_. If the Sun seem greater in the _East_, than in the -_West_ about Sun-setting, and that there appears a black cloud, you -may expect rain that night, or the day following. - - _Serò rubens Cælum cras indicat esse serenum, - Sed si manè rubet venturos indicat Imbres._ - -[p. 58.] To conclude; if the white hills look clear and -conspicuous, it is a sign of fair weather; if black and cloudy, of -rain; if yellow, it is a certain sign of snow shortly to ensue. - -In _Anno Dom._ 1667. _March_, appeared a sign in the Heavens in -the form of a Sphear, pointing directly to the _West_: and in the -year following on the third day of _April_ being _Friday_, there -was a terrible Earthquake, before that a very great one in 1638. -and another in 58 and in 1662/3. _January_ 26, 27, & 28. (which -was the year before I came thither) there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 -times in the space of three dayes. Earthquakes are frequent in the -Countrie; some suppose that the white mountains were first raised -by Earthquakes, they are hollow as may be guessed by the resounding -of the rain upon the level on the top. The _Indians_ told us of a -River whose course was not only stopt by an Earthquake in 1668. -(as near as I can remember) but the whole River swallowed up. And -I have heard it reported from credible persons, that (whilst I -was there in the Countrie) there happened a terrible Earthquake -amongst the _French_, rending a huge Rock asunder even to the -center, wherein was a vast hollow of an immeasurable depth, out of -which came many infernal Spirits. I shall [p. 59.] conclude this -discourse of Earthquakes, with that which came from the Pen of -our Royal Martyr King _Charles_ the First; _A storm at Sea wants -not its terrour, but an Earthquake, shaking the very foundation of -all, the World hath nothing more of horrour._ And now I come to the -plants of the Countrie. - -The plants in _New-England_ for the variety, number, beauty, and -vertues, may stand in Competition with the plants of any Countrey -in Europe. _Johnson_ hath added to _Gerard’s_ Herbal 300. and -_Parkinson_ mentioneth many more; had they been in _New-England_ -they might have found 1000 at least never heard of nor seen by any -_Englishman_ before: ’Tis true, the Countrie hath no _Bonerets_, -or _Tartarlambs_, no glittering coloured _Tuleps_; but here you -have the _American Mary-Gold_, the _Earth-nut_ bearing a princely -Flower, the beautiful leaved _Pirola_, the honied _Colibry_, &c. -They are generally of (somewhat) a more masculine vertue, than -any of the same species in _England_, but not in so terrible a -degree, as to be mischievous or ineffectual to our _English_ -bodies. _It is affirmed by some that no forraign Drugg or Simple -can be so proper to Englishmen as their own, for the quantity of_ -Opium _which Turks do safely take will kill four Englishmen, and -that which will_ [p. 60.] _salve their wounds within a day, will -not recure an Englishman in three._ To which I answer that it is -custom that brings the _Turks_ to the familiar use of _Opium_. -You may have heard of a _Taylor_ in _Kent_, who being afflicted -with want of sleep ventured upon _Opium_, taking at first a grain, -and increasing of it till it came to an ounce, which quantitie he -took as familiarly as a _Turk_, without any harm, more than that -he could not sleep without it. The _English_ in _New-England_ -take white _Hellebore_, which operates as fairly with them, as -with the _Indians_, who steeping of it in water sometime, give it -to young lads gathered together a purpose to drink, if it come up -they force them to drink again their vomit, (which they save in a -Birchen-dish) till it stayes with them, & he that gets the victory -of it is made Captain of the other lads for that year. There is a -plant likewise, called for want of a name _Clownes wound wort_ by -the _English_, though it be not the same, that will heal a green -wound in 24 hours, if a wise man have the ordering of it. Thus much -for the general, I shall now begin to discover unto you the plants -more particularly, and I shall first begin with Trees, and of them, -first with such as are called in Scripture Trees of God, that is -great [p. 61.] Trees, that grow of themselves without planting. -Psal. 104. 16, 17. _Satiantur arbores Jehovæ_, _cedri Libani quas -plantavit_; (_ubi aviculæ nidificent_) _abietes domicilia ciconiæ_. -The Herons take great delight to sit basking upon the tops of these -Trees. And I shall not be over large in any, having written of them -in my Treatise of the rarities of _New-England_, to which I refer -you. - -The _Oake_ I have given you an account of, and the kinds; I shall -add the ordering of Red _Oake_ for Wainscot. When they have cut -it down and clear’d it from the branches, they pitch the body of -the Tree in a muddy place in a River, with the head downward for -some time, afterwards they draw it out, and when it is seasoned -sufficiently, they saw it into boards for Wainscot, and it will -branch out into curious works. - -There is an admirable rare Creature in shape like a _Buck_, with -Horns, of a gummy substance, which I have often found in the fall -of the leaf upon the ground amongst the withered leaves; a living -Creature I cannot call it; having only the sign of a mouth and -eyes: seldom or never shall you meet with any of them whole, but -the head and horns, or the hinder parts, broken off from the rest; -the _Indians_ call them Tree _Bucks_, and have a superstitious -saying (for I believe [p. 62.] they never see any of them living) -that if they can see a Tree-_Buck_ walking upon the branches of an -_Oake_ when they go out in a morning to hunt, they shall have good -luck that day. What they are good for I know not, but certainly -there is some more than ordinary vertue in them. It is true that -nothing in nature is superfluous, and we have the Scripture to -back it, that God created nothing in vain. The like Creatures they -_have at the_ Barbadoes _which they call_ Negroes _heads, found -in the Sands, about two inches long, with forehead, eyes, nose, -mouth, chin, and part of the neck, they are alwayes found loose in -the Sands without any root, it is as black as Jet, but whence it -comes they know not. I have read likewise, that in the_ Canaries -_or_ Fortunate-Islands, _there is found a certain Creature, which -Boys bring home from the mountains as oft as they would, and named -them_ Tudesquels, _or little_ Germans: _for they were dry’d dead -Carcases, almost three footed, which any boy did easily carry in -one of the palms of his hand, and they were of an humane shape; but -the whole dead Carcase was clearly like unto Parchment, and their -bones were flexible, as it were gristles: against the Sun, also, -their bowels and intestines were seen. Surely (saith my Authour) -the destroyed race of the_ Pigmies _was there_. There is [p. 63.] -also many times found upon the leaves of the _Oake_ a Creature -like a _Frog_, being as thin as a leaf, and transparent, as yellow -as Gold, with little fiery red eyes, the _English_ call them -Tree-frogs or Tree-toads (but of Tree-toads I shall have occasion -to speak in another place) they are said to be venemous, but may be -safely used, being admirable to stop womens over-flowing courses -hung about their necks in a Taffetie bag. - -_Captain_ Smith _writes that in_ New-England _there growes a -certain berry called_ Kermes, _worth_ 10 _shillings a pound, -and had been formerly sold for_ 30 _or_ 40 _shillings a pound, -which may yearly be gathered in good quantity._ I have sought for -this berry, he speaks of, as a man should seek for a needle in a -bottle of Hay, but could never light upon it; unless that kind -of _Solomon-seal_ called by the _English_ Treacle-berry be it. -_Gerard_ our famous Herbalist _writes that they grow upon a little -Tree called_ Scarlet-Oake, _the leaves have one sharp prickle at -the end of it; it beareth small_ Acorns: _But the grain or berry -growes out of the woody branches, like an excrescence of the -substance of the_ Oake-Apple, _and of the bigness of Pease, at -first white, when ripe of an_ Ash-colour, _which ingenders little -Maggots, which when it begins_ [p. 64.] _to have wings are put -into a bag and boulted up and down till dead, and then made up -into lumps, the Maggot as most do deem is_ Cutchenele; _So that_ -Chermes _is_ Cutchenele: _the berries dye scarlet. Mr._ George -Sands _in his Travels saith (much to the same purpose) that scarlet -dye growes like a blister on the leaf of the Holy_ Oake, _a little -shrub, yet producing_ Acorns, _being gathered they rub out of it -a certain red dust, that converteth after a while into worms, -which they kill with Wine, when they begin to quicken. See farther -concerning Treacle-berries and_ Cutchinele _in the rarities of_ -New-England. - -The Pine-Tree challengeth the next place, and that sort which is -called Board-pine is the principal, it is a stately large Tree, -very tall, and sometimes two or three fadom about: of the body the -_English_ make large _Canows_ of 20 foot long, and two foot and -a half over, hollowing of them with an Adds, and shaping of the -outside like a Boat. Some conceive that the wood called _Gopher_ in -Scripture, of which _Noah_ made the Ark, was no other than Pine, -_Gen._ 6. 14. The bark thereof is good for Ulcers in tender persons -that refuse sharp medicines. The inner bark of young board-pine -cut small and stampt and boiled in a Gallon of water is a very -soveraign medicine for burn [p. 65.] or scald, washing the sore -with some of the decoction, and then laying on the bark stampt -very soft: or for frozen limbs, to take out the fire and to heal -them, take the bark of Board-pine-Tree, cut it small and stamp it -and boil it in a gallon of water to Gelly, wash the sore with the -liquor, stamp the bark again till it be very soft and bind it on. -The Turpentine is excellent to heal wounds and cuts, and hath all -the properties of _Venice_ Turpentine, the Rosen is as good as -Frankincense, and the powder of the dryed leaves generateth flesh; -the distilled water of the green Cones taketh away wrinkles in the -face being laid on with Cloths. - -The Firr-tree is a large Tree too, but seldom so big as the Pine, -the bark is smooth, with knobs or blisters, in which lyeth clear -liquid Turpentine very good to be put into salves and oyntments, -the leaves or Cones boiled in Beer are good for the Scurvie, the -young buds are excellent to put into Epithemes for Warts and -Corns, the Rosen is altogether as good as Frankincense; out of this -Tree the Poleakers draw Pitch and Tarr; the manner I shall give -you, for that it may (with many other things contained in this -Treatise) be beneficial to my Countrymen, either there already -seated, or that [p. 66.] may happen to go thither hereafter. Out -of the fattest wood changed into Torch-wood, which is a disease in -that Tree, they draw Tarr, first a place must be paved with stone -or the like, a little higher in the middle, about which there must -be made gutters, into which the liquor falls, then out from them -other gutters are to be drawn, by which it may be received, then -is it put into barrels. The place thus prepared, the cloven wood -must be set upright, then must it be covered with a great number of -firr and pitch bowes; and on every part all about with much lome -and sods of earth, and great heed must be taken, lest there be -any cleft or chink remaining, only a hole left in the top of the -furnace, through which the fire may be put in, and the flame and -smoak to pass out: when the fire burneth, the Pitch or Tarr runneth -forth first thin and then thicker; of which when it is boiled is -made Pitch: the powder of dried Pitch is used to generate flesh in -wounds and sores. The knots of this Tree and fat-pine are used by -the _English_ instead of Candles, and it will burn a long time, but -it makes the people pale. - -The Spruce-tree I have given you an account of in my _New-England_ -rarities. In the North-east of _Scotland_ upon the banks [p. 67.] -of _Lough-argick_, there hath been formerly of these Trees 28 -handful about at the Root, and their bodies mounted to 90 foot of -height, bearing at the length 20 inches diameter. At _Pascataway_ -there is now a Spruce-tree brought down to the water-side by our -Mass-men of an incredible bigness, and so long that no Skipper -durst ever yet adventure to ship it, but there it lyes and Rots. - -The Hemlock-tree is a kind of spruce or pine; the bark boiled and -stampt till it be very soft is excellent for to heal wounds, and so -is the Turpentine thereof, and the Turpentine that issueth from the -Cones of the Larch-tree, (which comes nearest of any to the right -Turpentine) is singularly good to heal wounds, and to draw out the -malice (or Thorn, as _Helmont_ phrases it) of any Ach, rubbing the -place therewith, and strowing upon it the powder of _Sage_-leaves. - -The white Cedar is a stately Tree, and is taken by some to be -_Tamarisk_, this Tree the _English_ saw into boards to floor their -Rooms, for which purpose it is excellent, long lasting, and wears -very smooth and white; likewise they make shingles to cover their -houses with instead of tyle, it will never warp. This Tree, the -Oak and the [p. 68.] Larch-tree are best for building. Groundsels -made of Larch-tree will never rot, and the longer it lyes the -harder it growes, that you may almost drive a nail into a bar of -Iron as easily as into that. Oh, that my Countreymen might obtain -that blessing with their buildings, which _Esay_ prophesied to -the _Jewes_ in the 65 Chapter and 22 verse. _Non ædificabunt & -alius inhabitabit, non plantabunt & alius comedet: sed ut sunt -dies Arboris, dies erunt populi mei, & opus manuum suarum deterent -electi mei._ - -The Sassafras-tree is no great Tree, I have met with some as big as -my middle, the rind is tawny and upon that a thin colour of Ashes, -the inner part is white, of an excellent smell like Fennel, of a -sweet tast with some bitterness; the leaves are like Fig-leaves of -a dark green. A decoction of the Roots and bark thereof sweetned -with Sugar, and drunk in the morning fasting will open the body -and procure a stool or two, it is good for the Scurvie taken -some time together, and laying upon the legs the green leaves of -white _Hellebore_. They give it to Cows that have newly calved -to make them cast their Cleanings. This Tree growes not beyond -_Black-point_ Eastward: it is observed, that there is no province -but produces Trees and plants not growing in other Regions. - - -[p. 69.] _Non omnis fert omnia tellus._ - -The Walnut which is divers, some bearing square nuts, others like -ours, but smaller: there is likewise black Walnut of precious -use for Tables, Cabinets and the like. The Walnut-tree is the -toughest wood in the Countrie, and therefore made use of for Hoops -and Bowes, there being no Yew there growing; In _England_ they -made their Bowes usually of Witch Hasel, Ash, Yew, the best of -outlandish Elm, but the _Indians_ make theirs of Walnut. - -The Line-tree with long nuts, the other kind I could never find: -the wood of this Tree, Laurel, Rhamnus, Holly and Ivy are accounted -for woods that cause fire by attrition; Laurel and Ivy are not -growing in _New-England_: the _Indians_ will rub two sear’d sticks -of any sort of wood, and kindle a fire with them presently. - -The Maple-tree, on the boughs of this Tree I have often found a -jellied substance like _Jewes-Ears_, which I found upon tryal to be -as good for sore throats _&c._ - -The Birch-tree is of two kinds, ordinary Birch, and black Birch, -many of these Trees are stript of their bark by the _Indians_, who -make of it their Canows, Kettles, [p. 70.] and Birchen-dishes: -there is an excrescence growing out of the body of the Tree called -spunck, or dead mens Caps, it growes at the Roots of Ash, or Beech, -or Elm; but the best is that which growes upon the black Birch, -this boiled and beaten, and then dried in an Oven maketh excellent -Touch-wood, and Balls to play with. - -Alder, of which wood there is abundance in the wet swamps: the bark -thereof with the yolke of an Egg is good for a strain; an _Indian_ -bruising of his knee, chew’d the bark of Alder fasting and laid -it to, which quickly helped him. The wives of our West-Countrey -English make a drink with the seeds of Alder, giving it to their -Children troubled with the _Alloes_. I have talk’d with many of -them, but could never apprehend what disease it should be they so -name, these Trees are called by some Sullinges. - -The _Indians_ tell of a Tree that growes far up in the land, -that is as big as an Oake, that will cure the falling-sickness -infallibly, what part thereof they use, Bark, Wood, leaves or -fruit, I could never learn; they promised often to bring of it to -me, but did not. I have seen a stately Tree growing here and there -in valleys, not like to any Trees in Europe, having a smooth bark -of [p. 71.] a dark brown colour, the leaves like great Maple, in -_England_ called Sycamor, but larger, it may be this is the Tree -they brag of. - -Thus much concerning Trees, now I shall present to your view the -Shrubs; and first of the Sumach Shrub, which as I have told -you in _New-Englands_ rarities, differeth from all the kinds -set down in our _English_ Herbals; the root dyeth wool or cloth -reddish, the decoction of the leaves in wine drunk, is good for -all Fluxes of the belly in man or woman, the whites, _&c._ For -galled places stamp the leaves with honey, and apply it, nothing -so soon healeth a wound in the head as Sumach stampt and applyed -once in three dayes, the powder strewed in stayeth the bleeding of -wounds: The seed of Sumach pounded and mixt with honey, healeth the -Hemorrhoids, the gum put into a hollow tooth asswageth the pain, -the bark or berries in the fall of the leaf, is as good as galls to -make Ink of. - -Elder in _New-England_ is shrubbie, & dies once in two years: there -is a sort of dwarf-Elder that growes by the Sea-side that hath a -red pith, the berries of both are smaller than _English_-Elder, not -round but corner’d, neither of them smell so strong as ours. - -Juniper growes for the most part by the Sea-side, it bears -abundance of skie-coloured [p. 72.] berries fed upon by Partridges, -and hath a woodie root, which induceth me to believe that the plant -mention’d in Job 30. 4. _Qui decerpebant herbas é salsilagine cum -stirpibus: etiam radices Juniperorum cibo erant illis_, was our -_Indian_ plant _Cassava_. They write that _Juniper_-coals preserve -fire longest of any, keeping fire a whole year without supply, yet -the _Indian_ never burns of it. - -Sweet fern, see the rarities of _New England_, the tops and -nucaments of sweet fern boiled in water or milk and drunk helpeth -all manner of Fluxes, being boiled in water it makes an excellent -liquor for Inck. - -Current-bushes are of two kinds red and black, the black currents -which are larger than the red smell like cats piss, yet are -reasonable pleasant in eating. - -The Gooseberry-bush, the berry of which is called Grosers or thorn -Grapes, grow all over the Countrie, the berry is but small, of a -red or purple colour when ripe. - -There is a small shrub which is very common, growing sometimes to -the height of Elder, bearing a berry like in shape to the fruit -of the white thorn, of a pale yellow colour at first, then red, -when it is ripe of a deep purple, of a delicate Aromatical tast, -somewhat stiptick: to conclude, [p. 73.] alwayes observe this rule -in taking or refusing unknown fruit: if you find them eaten of the -fowl or beast, you may boldly venture to eat of them, otherwise do -not touch them. - -_Maze_, otherwise called _Turkie_-wheat, or rather _Indian_-wheat, -because it came first from thence; the leaves boiled and drunk -helpeth pain in the back; of the stalks when they are green you may -make _Beverage_, as they do with _Calamels_, or Sugar-canes. The -raw Corn chewed ripens felons or Cats hairs, or you may lay Samp -to it: The _Indians_ before it be thorow ripe eat of it parched. -Certainly the parched corn that _Abigail_ brought to _David_ was -of this kind of grain, 1 Sam. 25. 18. _The Jewes manner was (as it -is delivered to us by a learned Divine) first to parch their Corn, -then they fryed it, and lastly they boiled it to a paste, and then -tempered it with water, Cheese-Curds, Honey and Eggs, this they -carried drye with them to the Camp, and so wet the Cakes in Wine or -milk; such was the pulse too of_ Africa. - -_French_-beans, or rather _American_-beans, the Herbalists -call them kidney-beans from their shape and effects, for they -strengthen the kidneys; they are variegated much, some being bigger -a great deal than others; some [p. 74.] white, black, red, yellow, -blew, spotted; besides your _Bonivis_ and _Calavances_ and the -kidney-bean, that is proper to _Ronoake_, but these are brought -into the Countrie, the other are natural to the climate. So the -_Mexico_ pompion which is flat and deeply camphered, the flesh -laid to, asswageth pain of the eyes. The water-mellon is proper to -the Countrie, the flesh of it is of a flesh colour, a rare cooler -of Feavers, and excellent against the stone. _Pomum spinosum_ and -_palma-Christi_ too growes not here, unless planted, brought from -_Peru_; the later is thought to be the plant, that shaded Jonah -_the Prophet_, Jonas 4. 6. _Paraverat enim_ Jehova _Deus ricinum -qui ascenderet supra_ Jonam, _ut esset umbra super caput ejus -ereptura eum à malo ipsius; lætabaturque_ Jonas _de ricino illo -lætitia magna_. _Ricinum_, that is _palma Christi_, called also -_cucurbita_, and therefore translated a Gourd. - -Tobacco, or _Tabacca_ so called from _Tabaco_ or _Tabago_, one of -the _Caribbe_-Islands about 50 _English_ miles from _Trinidad_. -The right name, according to _Monardus_, is _picielte_, as others -will _petum_, _nicotian_ from _Nicot_, a Portingal, to whom it was -presented for a raritie in _Anno Dom._ 1559. by one that brought -it from _Florida_. Great contest there is about the time when it -was first [p. 75.] brought into _England_, some will have Sir -_John Hawkins_ the first, others Sir _Francis Drake’s_ Mariners; -others again say that one Mr. _Lane_ imployed by Sir _Walter -Rawleigh_ brought it first into England; all conclude that Sir -_Walter Rawleigh_ brought it first in use. _It is observed that no -one kind of forraign Commodity yieldeth greater advantage to the -publick than Tobacco, it is generally made the complement of our -entertainment, and hath made more slaves than_ Mahomet. There is -three sorts of it Marchantable, the first horse Tobacco, having a -broad long leaf piked at the end; the second round pointed Tobacco; -third sweet scented Tobacco. These are made up into Cane, leaf or -ball; there is little of it planted in _New-England_, neither have -they learned the right way of curing of it. It is sowen in _April_ -upon a bed of rich mould sifted, they make a bed about three yards -long, or more according to the ground they intend to plant, and -a yard and a half over; this they tread down hard, then they sow -their seed upon it as thick as may be, and sift fine earth upon it, -then tread it down again as hard as possible they can, when it hath -gotten four or six leaves, they remove it into the planting ground; -when it begins to bud towards flowring, they crop off the [p. 76.] -top, for the Flower drawes away the strength of the leaf. For the -rest I refer you to the Planter, being not willing to discover -their mysteries. The _Indians_ in _New-England_ use a small round -leafed Tobacco, called by them, or the Fishermen Poke. _It is -odious to the_ English. _The vertues of Tobacco are these, it helps -digestion, the Gout, the Tooth-ach, prevents infection by scents, -it heats the cold, and cools them that sweat, feedeth the hungry, -spent spirits restoreth, purgeth the stomach, killeth nits and -lice; the juice of the green leaf healeth green wounds, although -poysoned; the Syrup for many diseases, the smoak for the Phthisick, -cough of the lungs, distillations of Rheume, and all diseases of -a cold and moist cause, good for all bodies cold and moist taken -upon an emptie stomach, taken upon a full stomach it precipitates -digestion, immoderately taken it dryeth the body, enflameth the -bloud, hurteth the brain, weakens the eyes and the sinews._ - -White _Hellebore_ is used for the Scurvie by the _English_. -A friend of mine gave them first a purge, then conserve of -Bear-berries, then fumed their leggs with vinegar, sprinkled upon -a piece of mill-stone made hot, and applied to the sores white -_Hellebore_ leaves; drink made of _Orpine_ and _sorrel_ were given -likewise with it, and [p. 77.] Sea-scurvie-grass. To kill lice, -boil the roots of _Hellebore_ in milk, and anoint the hair of the -head therewith or other places. - -_Mandrake_, is a very rare plant, the _Indians_ know it not, it -is found in the woods about _Pascataway_, they do in plain terms -stink, therefore _Reubens_ Flowers that he brought home were -not _Mandrakes_, Gen. 30. 14, 15, 16. _They are rendered in the -Latine_ Amabiles flores, _the same word say our Divines is used in_ -Canticles, 7. 4. Amabiles istos flores edentes odorem, & secundum -ostia nostra omnes pretiosos fructus, recentes simulac veteres, -dilecte mi, repono tibi. _So that the right translation is_, Reuben -_brought home amiable and sweet smelling Flowers; this in the_ -Canticles (_say they_) _expounding the other_. - -_Calamus Aromaticus_, or the sweet smelling reed, it Flowers in -_July_; see _New-Englands_ rarities. - -_Sarsaparilla_ or roughbind-weed (as some describe it) the leaves -and whole bind set with thorns, of this there is store growing upon -the banks of Ponds. See the rarities of _New-England_. The leaves -of the _Sarsaparilla_ there described pounded with Hogs grease and -boiled to an unguent, is excellent in the curing of wounds. - -Live for ever, it is a kind of _Cud-weed_, [p. 78.] flourisheth all -summer long till cold weather comes in, it growes now plentifully -in our _English_ Gardens, it is good for cough of the lungs, and -to cleanse the breast taken as you do Tobacco; and for pain in the -head the decoction, or the juice strained and drunk in Bear, Wine, -or Aqua vitæ, killeth worms. The Fishermen when they want Tobacco -take this herb being cut and dryed. - -_Lysimachus_ or Loose-strife: there are several kinds, but the -most noted is the yellow _Lysimachus_ of _Virginia_, the root -is longish and white, as thick as ones thumb, the stalkes of an -overworn colour, and a little hairie, the middle vein of the leaf -whitish, the Flower yellow and like Primroses, and therefore -called Tree-primrose, growes upon seedie vessels, _&c._ The first -year it growes not up to a stalke, but sends up many large leaves -handsomely lying one upon another, Rose fashion, Flowers in _June_, -the seed is ripe in _August_, this as I have said is taken by the -_English_ for Scabious. - -St. _John’s_ wort, it preserveth Cheese made up in it, at Sea. - -Spurge or Wolfes milch there are several sorts. - -_Avens_, or herb-bennet; you have an account of it in -_New-Englands_ rarities, but one [p. 79.] thing more I shall add, -that you may plainly perceive a more masculine quality in the -plants growing in _New-England_. A neighbour of mine in Hay-time, -having overheat himself, and melted his grease, with striving to -outmowe another man, fell dangerously sick, not being able to turn -himself in his bed, his stomach gon, and his heart fainting ever -and anon; to whom I administered the decoction of _Avens_-Roots -and leaves in water and wine, sweetning it with Syrup of -Clove-Gilliflowers, in one weeks time it recovered him, so that -he was able to perform his daily work, being a poor planter or -husbandman as we call them. - -Red-Lilly growes all over the Countrey amongst the bushes. Mr. -_Johnson_ upon _Gerard_ takes the Tulip to be the Lilly of the -field mentioned by our Saviour, Matth. 6. 28, 29. _Ac de vestitu -quid soliciti estis? discite quomodo lilia agrorum augescant: non -fatigantur, neque nent, sed dico vobis, ne Solomonem quidem cum -universa gloria sic amictum fuisse ut unum ex istis._ Solomon _in -all his Royalty was not like one of them. His reasons are, first -from the shape, like a lilly; The second, because those places -where our Saviour was conversant they grow wild in the fields. -Third, the infinite variety of the_ [p. 80.] _colours. The fourth -and last reason, the wondrous beautie and mixture of these Flowers._ - -Water-lillys; the black roots dryed and pulverized, are wondrous -effectual in the stopping of all manner of fluxes of the belly, -drunk with wine or water. - -_Herba-paris_, one berry, herb true love, or four-leaved -night-shade, the leaves are good to be laid upon hot tumours. - -_Umbilicus veneris_, or _New-England_ daisie, it is good for hot -humours, _Erisipelas_, St. _Anthonie’s_ fire, all inflammations. - -_Glass-wort_, a little quantity of this plant you may take for the -Dropsie, but be very careful that you take not too much, for it -worketh impetuously. - -Water-plantane, called in _New-England_ water Suck-leaves, and -Scurvie-leaves, you must lay them whole to the leggs to draw out -water between the skin and the flesh. - -_Rosa-solis_, Sun-dew, moor-grass, this plant I have seen more of, -than ever I saw in my whole life before in _England_, a man may -gather upon some marish-grounds an incredible quantity in a short -time; towards the middle of _June_ it is in its season, for then -its spear is shot out to its length, of which they take hold and -pull the whole plant up by the roots from the moss with ease. - -[p. 81.] _Amber_-greese I take to be a Mushroom, see the rarities -of _New-England_. Monardus _writeth that_ Amber_-greese riseth out -of a certain clammy and bituminous earth under the Seas, and by the -Sea-side, the billows casting up part of it a land, and fish devour -the rest; Some say it is the seed of a Whale, others, that it -springeth from fountains as pitch doth, which fishes swallow down; -the air congealeth it._ And sometimes it is found in the crevises -and corners of Rocks. - -_Fuss-balls_, _Mullipuffes_ called by the Fishermen Wolves-farts, -are to be found plentifully, and those bigger by much than any I -have seen in _England_. - -_Coraline_ there is infinite store of it cast upon the shore, and -another plant that is more spinie, of a Red colour, and as hard as -Corral. _Coraline_ laid to the gout easeth the pain. - -Sea-Oake or wreach, or Sea-weed, the black pouches of Oar-weed -dryed and pulverized, and drunk with White-wine, is an excellent -remedy for the stone. - -I will finish this part of my relation concerning plants, with an -admirable plant for the curing and taking away of Corns, which -many times sore troubleth the Traveller: it is not above a handful -high; the little branches are woodie, the leaves like [p. 82.] the -leaves of Box, but broader and much thicker, hard and of a deep -grass-green colour; this bruised or champt in the mouth and laid -upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night. And observe all -_Indian_ Trees and plants, their Roots are but of small depth, and -so they must be set. - -Of Beasts of the earth there be scarce 120 several kinds, and -not much more of the Fowls of the Air, is the opinion of some -Naturalists; there are not many kinds of Beasts in _New-England_, -they may be divided into Beasts of the Chase of the stinking foot, -as _Roes_, _Foxes_, _Jaccals_, _Wolves_, _Wild-cats_, _Raccons_, -_Porcupines_, _Squncks_, _Musquashes_, _Squirrels_, _Sables_, and -_Mattrises_; and Beasts of the Chase of the sweet foot, _Buck_, -Red _Dear_, Rain-_Dear_, _Elke_, _Marouse_, _Maccarib_, _Bear_, -_Beaver_, _Otter_, _Marten_, _Hare_. - -The _Roe_ a kind of Deer, and the fleetest Beast upon earth is here -to be found, and is good venison, but not over fat. - -The _Fox_, the male is called a dog-fox, the female a bitch-fox, -they go a clicketing the beginning of the spring, and bring forth -their Cubs in _May_ and _June_. There are two or three kinds of -them; one a great yellow _Fox_, another grey, who will climb up -into Trees; the black _Fox_ is of much esteem. _Foxes_ and _Wolves_ -are usually hunted [p. 83.] in _England_ from _Holy-Rood_ day, till -the _Annunciation_. In _New-England_ they make best sport in the -depth of winter; they lay a sledg-load of Cods-heads on the other -side of a paled fence when the moon shines, and about nine or ten -of the clock the _Foxes_ come to it, sometimes two or three, or -half a dozen, and more; these they shoot, and by that time they -have cased them, there will be as many; So they continue shooting -and killing of _Foxes_ as long as the moon shineth; I have known -half a score kill’d in one night. Their pisles are bonie like a -doggs, their fat liquified and put into the ears easeth the pain, -their tails or bushes are very fair ones and of good use, but their -skins are so thin (yet thick set with deep furr) that they will -hardly hold the dressing. - -_Jaccals_ there be abundance, which is a Creature much like a -_Fox_, but smaller, they are very frequent in _Palæstina_, or the -_Holy-land_. - -The _Wolf_ seeketh his mate and goes a clicketing at the same -season with _Foxes_, and bring forth their whelps as they do, but -their kennels are under thick bushes by great Trees in remote -places by the swamps, he is to be hunted as the _Fox_ from -_Holy-rood_ day till the _Annunciation_. But there [p. 84.] they -have a quicker way to destroy them. See _New-Englands_ rarities. -They commonly go in routs, a rout of _Wolves_ is 12 or more, -sometimes by couples. In 1664. we found a _Wolf_ asleep in a small -dry swamp under an Oake, a great mastiff which we had with us -seized upon him, and held him till we had put a rope about his -neck, by which we brought him home, and tying of him to a stake -we bated him with smaller Doggs, and had excellent sport; but his -hinder legg being broken, they knockt out his brains. Sometime -before this we had an excellent course after a single _Wolf_ upon -the hard sands by the Sea-side at low water for a mile or two, -at last we lost our doggs, it being (as the _Lancashire_ people -phrase it) twi-light, that is almost dark, and went beyond them, -for a mastiff-bitch had seized upon the _Wolf_ being gotten into -the Sea, and there held him, till one went in and led him out, the -bitch keeping her hold till they had tyed his leggs, and so carried -him home like a Calf upon a staff between two men; being brought -into the house they unbound him and set him upon his leggs, he not -offering in the least to bite, or so much as to shew his teeth, but -clapping his stern betwixt his leggs, and leering towards the door -would willingly have had his liberty, [p. 85.] but they served him -as they did the other, knockt his brains out, for our doggs were -not then in a condition to bate him; their eyes shine by night as -a Lanthorn: the Fangs of a _Wolf_ hung about childrens necks keep -them from frighting, and are very good to rub their gums with when -they are breeding of Teeth, the gall of a _Wolf_ is Soveraign for -swelling of the sinews; the fiants or dung of a _Wolf_ drunk with -white-wine helpeth the _Collick_. - -The _Wild-cat_, _Lusern_ or _luceret_, or Ounce as some call it, is -not inferiour to Lamb, their grease is very soveraign for lameness -upon taking cold. - -The _Racoon_ or _Rattoon_ is of two sorts, gray _Rattoons_, and -black _Rattoons_, their grease is soveraign for wounds with -bruises, aches, streins, bruises; and to anoint after broken bones -and dislocations. - -The _Squnck_ is almost as big as a _Racoon_, perfect black and -white or pye-bald, with a bush-tail like a _Fox_, an offensive -Carion; the Urine of this Creature is of so strong a scent, that if -it light upon any thing, there is no abiding of it, it will make a -man smell, though he were of _Alexanders_ complexion; and so sharp -that if he do but whisk his bush which he pisseth upon in the face -of a dogg hunting of him, and that [p. 86.] any of it light in his -eyes it will make him almost mad with the smart thereof. - -The _Musquashes_ is a small Beast that lives in shallow ponds, -where they build them houses of earth and sticks in shape like -mole-hills, and feed upon _Calamus Aromaticus_: in _May_ they scent -very strong of Muske; their furr is of no great esteem; their -stones wrapt up in Cotten-wool will continue a long time, and are -good to lay amongst cloths to give them a grateful smell. - -The _Squirril_, of which there are three sorts, the mouse-squirril, -the gray squirril, and the flying squirril, called by the -_Indian_ _Assapanick_. The mouse-squirril is hardly so big as a -Rat, streak’d on both sides with black and red streaks, they are -mischievous vermine destroying abundance of Corn both in the field -and in the house, where they will gnaw holes into Chests, and tear -clothes both linnen and wollen, and are notable nut-gathers in -_August_; when hasel and filbert nuts are ripe you may see upon -every Nut-tree as many mouse-squirrils as leaves; So that the nuts -are gone in a trice, which they convey to their Drays or Nests. The -gray squirril is pretty large, almost as big as a Conie, and are -very good meat: in some parts of the Countrie there are many of -them. The flying squirril is so called, [p. 87.] because (his skin -being loose and large) he spreads it on both sides like wings when -he passeth from one Tree to another at great distance. I cannot -call it flying nor leaping, for it is both. - -The _Mattrise_ is a Creature whose head and fore-parts is shaped -somewhat like a Lyons, not altogether so big as a house-cat, they -are innumerable up in the Countrey, and are esteemed good furr. - -The _Sable_ is much of the size of a _Mattrise_ perfect black, but -what store there is of them I cannot tell, I never saw but two of -them in Eight years space. - -The _Martin_ is as ours are in _England_, but blacker, they -breed in holes which they make in the earth like Conies, and are -innumerable, their skins or furr are in much request. - -The _Buck_, _Stag_, and _Rain-Dear_ are Creatures that will live -in the coldest climates, here they are innumerable, bringing forth -three _Fawns_ or _Calves_ at a time, which they hide a mile asunder -to prevent their destruction by the _Wolves_, wild-_Cats_, _Bears_, -and _Mequans_: when they are in season they will be very fat; there -are but few slain by the _English_. The _Indians_ who shoot them, -and take of them with toyls, bring them in [p. 88.] with their -suet, and the bones that grow upon _Stags-Hearts_. - -The _Moose_ or _Elke_ is a Creature, or rather if you will a -Monster of superfluity; a full grown _Moose_ is many times bigger -than an _English_ Oxe, their horns as I have said elsewhere, very -big (and brancht out into palms) the tips whereof are sometimes -found to be two fathom asunder, (a fathom [p. 89.] is six feet -from the tip of one finger to the tip of the other, that is four -cubits,) and in height from the toe of the fore-foot, to the pitch -of the shoulder twelve foot, both which hath been taken by some of -my _sceptique_ Readers to be monstrous lyes. If you consider the -breadth that the beast carrieth, and the magnitude of the horns, -you will be easily induced to contribute your belief. - -What would you say, if I should tell you that in _Greenland_ -there are _Does_ that have as large horns as _Bucks_, their brow -Antlers growing downwards beyond their _Musles_, and broad at the -end wherewith they scrape away the snow to the grass, it being -impossible for them other-wayes to live in those cold Countries; -the head of one of these _Does_ was sometime since nailed upon -a sign-post in _Charter-house-lane_, and these following verses -written upon a board underneath it. - - _Like a_ Bucks_-head I stand in open view, - And yet am none; nay, wonder not, ’tis true; - The living Beast that these fair horns did owe - Well known to many, was a_ Green-land Doe - _The proverb old is here fulfill’d in me, - That every like is not the same you see._ - -And for their height since I came into _England_ I have read Dr. -_Scroderns_ his Chymical dispensatory translated into _English_ -by Dr. _Rowland_, where he writes _that when he lived in_ Finland -_under_ Gustavus Horn, _he saw an_ Elke _that was killed and -presented to_ Gustavus _his Mother, seventeen spans high_. Law you -now Sirs of the Gibing crue, if you have any skill in mensuration, -tell me what difference there is between Seventeen spans and twelve -foot. There are certain transcendentia in every Creature, which are -the indelible Characters of God, and which discover God; There’s -a prudential for you, as _John Rhodes_ the Fisherman used to say -to his mate, _Kitt Lux_. But to go on with the _Moose_; they are -accounted a kind of Deer, and have three _Calves_ at a time, which -they hide a mile asunder too, as other Deer do, their skins make -excellent Coats for Martial men, their sinews which are as [p. -90.] big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughness and much -used by the _Indians_, the bone that growes upon their heart is an -excellent Cordial, their bloud is as thick as an _Asses_ or _Bulls_ -who have the thickest bloud of all others, a man the thinnest. -To what age they live I know not, certainly a long time in their -proper climate. _Some particular living Creatures cannot live in -every particular place or region, especially with the same joy -and felicity as it did where it was first bred, for the certain -agreement of nature that is between the place and the thing bred in -that place: As appeareth by_ Elephants_, which being translated and -brought out of the Second or Third Climate, though they may live, -yet will they never ingender or bring forth young._ So for plants, -Birds, _&c._ Of both these Creatures, some few there have been -brought into _England_, but did not long continue. Sir _R. Baker_ -in his Chronicle tells us of an _Elephant_ in _Henry_ the Thirds -Raign, which he saith was the first that was ever seen there, which -as it seems is an error, unless he restrain it to the _Norman’s_ -time. For Mr. _Speed_ writeth that _Claudius Drusius_ Emperour of -_Rome_ brought in the first in his Army; the bones of which digg’d -up since are taken for Gyants bones. As for the _Moose_ the first -that was seen in _England_, [p. 91.] was in King _Charles_ the -First Raign; thus much for these magnals amongst the Creatures of -God to be wondered at, the next beast to be mentioned is - -The _Maurouse_, which is somewhat like a _Moose_, but his horns are -but small, and himself about the size of a _Stag_, these are the -Deer that the flat-footed _Wolves_ hunt after. - -The _Maccarib_ is a Creature not found that ever I heard yet, but -upon _Cape-Sable_ near to the _French_ plantations. - -The _Bear_ when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature, they bring -forth their Cubs in _March_, hunted with doggs they take a Tree -where they shoot them, when he is fat he is excellent Venison, -which is in _Acorn_ time, and in winter, but then there is none -dares to attempt to kill him but the _Indian_. He makes his Denn -amongst thick Bushes, thrusting in here and there store of _Moss_, -which being covered with snow and melting in the day time with heat -of the Sun, in the night is frozen into a thick coat of Ice; the -mouth of his Den is very narrow, here they lye single, never two -in a Den all winter. The _Indian_ as soon as he finds them, creeps -in upon all four, seizes with his left hand upon the neck of the -sleeping _Bear_, drags him to the mouth of [p. 92.] the Den, where -with a club or small hatchet in his right hand he knocks out his -brains before he can open his eyes to see his enemy. But sometimes -they are too quick for the _Indians_, as one amongst them called -black Robin lighting upon a male _Bear_ had a piece of his buttock -torn off before he could fetch his blow: their grease is very -soveraign. One Mr. _Purchase_ cured himself of the _Sciatica_ with -_Bears_-greefe, keeping some of it continually in his groine. It -is good too for swell’d Cheeks upon cold, for Rupture of the hands -in winter, for limbs taken suddenly with _Sciatica_, _Gout_, or -other diseases that cannot stand upright nor go, bed-rid; it must -be well chaft in, and the same cloth laid on still; it prevents the -shedding of the hair occasioned by the coldness of winters weather; -and the yard of a _Bear_ which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie, is -good for to expell Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, as I was -there told by one Mr. _Abraham Philater_ a _Jersey-man_. - -The _Beaver_ or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature, lives upon the -land as well as in the water. I suppose they feed upon fish, but am -sure that the Bark of Trees is also their food; there is an old -proverbial saying, _sic me jubes quotidie, ut fiber salicem_: you -love me as the _Beaver_ doth the willow; [p. 93.] who eateth the -Bark and killeth the Tree. They will be tame, witness the _Beaver_ -that not long since was kept at _Boston_ in the _Massachusets-Bay_, -and would run up and down the streets, returning home without a -call. Their skins are highly valued, and their stones are good for -the palsie, trembling, and numbness of the hands, boiling of them -in Oyl of _Spike_, and anointing the sinews in the neck. If you -take of _Castorium_ two drams, of womans hair one dram, and with -a little Rozen of the _Pine_-Tree, make it up into pills as big -as Filberts and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one -at a time laid upon coals under her nostrils, it will recover her -out of her fit. The grease of a _Beaver_ is good for the Nerves, -Convulsions, Epilepsies, Apoplexies _&c._ The tail as I have said -in another Treatise, is very fat and of a masculine vertue, as good -as _Eringo’s_ or _Satyrion_-Roots. - -The _Otter_ or River-_Dog_ is Amphibious too, he hunteth for his -kind in the spring, and bringeth forth his whelps as the _Beaver_ -doth, they are generally black, and very numerous, they are -hunted in _England_ from _Shrovetide_ untill _Midsummer_, but in -_New-England_ they take them when they can. The skin of an _Otter_ -is worth Ten Shillings, [p. 94.] and the Gloves made thereof are -the best fortification for the hands against wet weather that can -be thought of, the furr is excellent for muffs, and is almost as -dear as _Beaver_, the grease of an _Otter_ will make fish turn up -their bellies, and is of rare use for many things. - -The _Hare_, I have no more to write of them than that they -kindle in hollow Trees. What else concerns him, or any of the -fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my _New-Englands_ rarities, to -which I refer you. - -The _Porcupine_ likewise I have treated of, only this I forgot to -acquaint you with, that they lay Eggs, and are good meat. - -The last kind of Beasts are they that are begot by equivocal -generation, as _Mules_ and several others, that when the Beasts -were brought by the Almighty Creator to _Adam_, who gave them -names, were not then in _rerum natura_. Of these there are not many -known in _New-England_. I know but of one, and that is the _Indian_ -dog begotten betwixt a _Wolf_ and a _Fox_, or between a _Fox_ and -a _Wolf_, which they made use of, taming of them, and bringing of -them up to hunt with, but since the _English_ came amongst them -they have gotten store of our dogs, which they bring up and keep in -as much subjection as they do their webbs. - -[p. 95.] Of birds there are not many more than 120 kinds as our -Naturalists have conjectured, but I think they are deceived; they -are divided into land-birds and water-birds, the land-birds again -into birds of prey, birds for meat, singing-birds and others. - -The _Pilhannaw_ is the King of Birds of prey in _New-England_, some -take him to be a kind of _Eagle_, others for the _Indian-Ruck_ -the biggest Bird that is, except the _Ostrich_. One Mr. _Hilton_ -living at _Pascataway_, had the hap to kill one of them: being by -the Sea-side he perceived a great shadow over his head, the Sun -shining out clear, calling up his eyes he saw a monstrous Bird -soaring aloft in the air, and of a sudden all the _Ducks_ and -_Geese_, (there being then a great many) dived under water, nothing -of them appearing but their heads. Mr. _Hilton_ having made readie -his piece, shot and brought her down to the ground, how he disposed -of her I know not, but had he taken her alive & sent her over into -_England_, neither _Bartholomew_ nor _Sturbridge_-Fair could have -produced such another sight. - -_Hawkes_ there are of several kinds, as _Goshawkes_, _Falcons_, -_Laniers_, _Sparrow-hawkes_, and a little black _hawke_ highly -prized by the _Indians_ who wear them on their [p. 96.] heads, and -is accounted of worth sufficient to ransome a _Sagamour_: they are -so strangely couragious and hardie, that nothing flyeth in the Air -that they will not bind with. I have seen them tower so high, that -they have been so small that scarcely could they be taken by the -eye. _Hawkes_ grease is very good for sore eyes. - -The _Osprey_ I have treated of. There is a small Ash-colour Bird -that is shaped like a _Hawke_ with talons and beak that falleth -upon _Crowes_, mounting up into the Air after them, and will beat -them till they make them cry. - -The _Vulture_ or _Geire_, which is spoken of in _Levit._ 11. -14. and called a _Gripe_, their skins are good to line doublets -with, and the bones of their head hung about the neck helpeth the -head-ach. - -The _Gripe_; see _New Englands_ rarities, and for the -_Turkie_-buzzard. - -The _Owl_ the most flagging Bird that is, of which there are three -sorts, a great grey _Owl_ with ears, a little grey _Owl_, and a -white _Owl_, which is no bigger than a _Thrush_. _Plinie_ writes -that the brains of an _Owl_ asswageth the pain & inflammation -in the lap of the ear. And that Eggs of an _Owl_ put into the -liquour that a tospot useth to be drunk with, will make him loath -drunkenness [p. 97.] ever after. But now peradventure some will -say, what doth this man mean to bring _Owls_ to _Athens_? verily -Sirs I presume to say, had I brought over of the little white -_Owls_ they would have been acceptable, they are good mousers, and -pretty Birds to look upon; the _Athenians_, no question are better -imployed than to take notice of my _Owls_, poor ragged Birds they -are and want those glittering golden feathers that _Draiton’s -Owl_ is adorned with, yet they are somewhat of that nature; if an -_Athenian_ chance in this season of divertisement to cast an eye -upon them I shall be glad, but more glad if he vouchsafe to prune -and correct their feathers, which I confess are discomposed for -want of Art; plain Birds they are, and fit for none but plain men -to manage. Sirs do not mistake me, there’s no man living honours -an _Athenian_ more than I do, especially where I perceive great -abilities concomiting with goodness of nature: A good nature (saith -Mr. _Perkins_) is the Character of God, and God is the father of -learning, knowledge, and every good gift, and hath condescended -to become a School-master to us poor mortals, furnishing of us -with Philosophy, Historie, Divinity by his holy Scriptures, which -if we diligently learn and practise, we shall in [p. 98.] time be -brought into his Heavenly Academy, where we shall have fulness and -perfection of knowledge eternally. But there are a Generation of -men and women in this prophane age that despise Gods learning and -his Ushers to the _Athenians_, choosing to wallow in the pleasures -of sin for a season. I shall conclude this excursion, with that -which a Poet writ sometime since, and then return to the trimming -of my _Owl_. - - _Say thou pour’st them Wheat, - And they would_ Acorns _eat; - ’Twere simple fury in thee still to wast - Thy self, on them that have no tast; - No, give them draff their fill, - Husks, Grains and swill; - They that love Lees and leave the lustie Wine, - Envy them not, their palats with the Swine._ - -The _Raven_ is here numerous and Crowes, but _Rooks_, _Danes_, -_Popinjaes_, _Megpies_ there be none. It is observed that the -female of all Birds of prey and Ravin is ever bigger than the male, -more venturous, hardy, and watchful: but such Birds as do not live -by prey and Ravin, the male is more large than the female. So much -for Birds of prey, the next are Birds for the dish, and the first -of these is, - -[p. 99.] The _Turkie_, which is in _New-England_ a very large Bird, -they breed twice or thrice in a year, if you would preserve the -young Chickens alive, you must give them no water, for if they come -to have their fill of water they will drop away strangely, and you -will never be able to rear any of them: they are excellent meat, -especially a _Turkie-Capon_ beyond that, for which Eight shillings -was given, their Eggs are very wholesome and restore decayed nature -exceedingly. But the _French_ say they breed the Leprosie; the -Indesses make Coats of _Turkie_-feathers woven for their Children. - -The _Partridge_ is larger than ours, white flesht, but very dry, -they are indeed a sort of _Partridges_ called _Grooses_. - -The _Pidgeon_, of which there are millions of millions, I have seen -a flight of _Pidgeons_ in the spring, and at _Michaelmas_ when they -return back to the Southward for four or five miles, that to my -thinking had neither beginning nor ending, length nor breadth, and -so thick that I could see no Sun, they joyn Nest to Nest, and Tree -to Tree by their Nests many miles together in _Pine_-Trees. But of -late they are much diminished, the _English_ taking them with Nets. -I have bought at _Boston_ a dozen of _Pidgeons_ ready pull’d and -garbidgd for three pence, [p. 100.] Ring-_Doves_ they say are there -too, but I could never see any. - -The _Snow_-Bird is like a _Chaf-Finch_, go in flocks and are good -meat. - -The singing Birds are _Thrushes_ with red breasts, which will be -very fat and are good meat, so are the _Thressels_, _Filladies_ -are small singing Birds, _Ninmurders_ little yellow Birds. -_New-England_ Nightingales painted with orient colours, black, -white, blew, yellow, green and scarlet, and sing sweetly, -_Wood-larks_, _Wrens_, _Swallows_, who will sit upon Trees, and -_Starlings_ black as _Ravens_ with scarlet pinions; other sorts of -Birds there are, as the _Troculus_, _Wag-tail_, or _Dish-water_, -which is here of a brown colour, _Titmouse_ two or three sorts, the -Dunneck or hedge-_Sparrow_ who is starke naked in his winter nest. -The golden or yellow hammer, a Bird about the bigness of a _Thrush_ -that is all over as red as bloud, Wood-_Peckers_ of two or three -sorts, gloriously set out with variety of glittering colours. The -_Colibry_, _Viemalin_, or rising or waking Bird, an Emblem of the -Resurrection, and the wonder of little Birds. - -The water-fowl are these that follow, _Hookers_ or wild-_Swans_, -_Cranes_, _Geese_ of three sorts, grey, white, and the brant -_Goose_, the first and last are best meat, the white are [p. 101.] -lean and tough and live a long time; whereupon the proverb, Older -than a white _Goose_; of the skins of the necks of grey _Geese_ -with their Bills the _Indians_ makes Mantles and Coverlets sowing -them together and they shew prettily. There be four sorts of -_Ducks_, a black _Duck_, a brown _Duck_ like our wild _Ducks_, a -grey _Duck_, and a great black and white _Duck_, these frequent -Rivers and Ponds; but of _Ducks_ there be many more sorts, -as _Hounds_, old _Wives_, _Murres_, _Doies_, _Shell-drakes_, -_Shoulers_ or _Shoflers_, _Widgeons_, _Simps_, _Teal_, Blew wing’d, -and green wing’d, Divers or _Didapers_, or _Dip-chicks_, _Fenduck_, -_Duckers_ or _Moorhens_, _Coots_, _Pochards_, a water-fowl like -a _Duck_, _Plungeons_, a kind of water-fowl with a long reddish -Bill, _Puets_, _Plovers_, _Smethes_, _Wilmotes_, a kind of _Teal_, -_Godwits_, _Humilities_, _Knotes_, _Red-Shankes_, _Wobbles_, -_Loones_, _Gulls_, white _Gulls_, or Sea-_Cobbs_, _Caudemandies_, -_Herons_, grey _Bitterns_, _Ox-eyes_, _Birds_ called _Oxen_ and -_Keen_, _Petterels_, _Kings fishers_, which breed in the spring -in holes in the Sea-banks, being unapt to propagate in Summer, by -reason of the driness of their bodies, which becomes more moist -when their pores are closed by cold. Most of these Fowls and Birds -are eatable. There are little Birds that frequent the Sea-shore in -flocks called _Sanderlins_, [p. 102.] they are about the bigness of -a _Sparrow_, and in the fall of the leaf will be all fat; when I -was first in the Countrie the _English_ cut them into small pieces -to put into their Puddings instead of suet, I have known twelve -score and above kill’d at two shots. I have not done yet, we must -not forget the _Cormorant_, _Shape_ or _Sharke_; though I cannot -commend them to our curious palats, the _Indians_ will eat them -when they are fley’d, they take them prettily, they roost in the -night upon some Rock that lyes out in the Sea, thither the _Indian_ -goes in his Birch-_Canow_ when the Moon shines clear, and when he -is come almost to it, he lets his _Canow_ drive on of it self, when -he is come under the Rock he shoves his Boat along till he come -just under the _Cormorants_ watchman, the rest being asleep, and -so soundly do sleep that they will snore like so many Piggs; the -_Indian_ thrusts up his hand of a sudden, grasping the watchman -so hard round about his neck that he cannot cry out; as soon as -he hath him in his _Canow_ he wrings off his head, and making his -_Canow_ fast, he clambreth to the top of the Rock, where walking -softly he takes them up as he pleaseth, still wringing off their -heads; when he hath slain as many as his _Canow_ can carry, he -gives a shout [p. 103.] which awakens the surviving _Cormorants_, -who are gone in an instant. - -The next Creatures that you are to take notice of, are they that -live in the Element of water. _Pliny_ reckons them to be of 177 -kinds, but certainly if it be true that there is no Beast upon -Earth, which hath not his like in the Sea, and which (perhaps) is -not in some part parallel’d in the plants of the Earth; we may by -a diligent search find out many more: of the same opinion is the -Poet, who saith that it is - - _Affirm’d by some that what on Earth we find, - The Sea can parallell in shape and kind._ - -Divine _Dubertus_ goes further. - - _You Divine wits of elder dayes, from whom - The deep invention of rare works hath come, - Took you not pattern of our chiefest Tooles - Out of the lap of_ Thetis, _Lakes, and Pools? - Which partly in the Waves, part on the edges - Of craggy Rocks, among their ragged sedges, - Bring forth abundance of Pins, Spincers, spokes, - Pikes, piercers, needles, mallets, pipes & yoaks, - Oars, sails & swords, saws, wedges, razors, rammers, - Plumes, cornets, knives, wheels, vices, horns and hammers._ - -[p. 104.] Psalm 104.25, 26. _In ipso mari magno & spatioso, illic -reptilia sunt atque innumera animantia parva cum magnis. Illic -navea ambulant; balæna quam formasti ludendo in eo._ - -And as the females amongst Beasts and Birds of prey for form and -beautie surpass the males, so do they especially amongst fishes; -and those I intend to treat of, I shall divide into salt-water -fish, and fresh-water fish. - -The Sea that _Piscina mirabilis_ affords us the greatest number, -of which I shall begin first with the Whale a regal fish, as all -fishes of extraordinary size are accounted, of these there are (as -I have said in another place) seven kinds, the Ambergreese-_Whale_ -the chiefest. _Anno Dom._ 1668 the 17 of _July_ there was one -of them thrown up on the shore between _Winter-harbour_ and -_Cape-porpus_, about eight mile from the place where I lived, -that was five and fifty foot long. They are Creatures of a vast -magnitude and strength. The Royal Psalmist, in the 148 psalm, and -the 7 verse, _makes mention of them_. _Laudate Jehovam terrestria; -Cete (Dracones as some translate it) & omnes abyssi. And Moses in -his history of_ Job, Job 41. 1. _An extrahas balænam hamo_, &c. [p. -105.] _Whereby the subtlety of the Devil is shewed, as also, the -greatness and brutishness of the Devil by the Elephant, in the_ 10 -_verse of the foregoing Chapter. In the book of_ Jonas _prophecies -we read of a great fish_, Jonah 1. 17. _Pararat autem Jehova piscem -magnum, qui obsorberet Jonam. But whether this were a Whale or -not is questioned by some. In the head (saith Mr._ Parkinson _the -Herbalist) of one only sort of Whale-fish is found that which is -called_ sperma Cæti, _it lyes in a hole therein, as it were a Well, -taken out and prest that the oyl may come out, the substance is -that we use for_ sperma Cæti, _and hath little or no smell, the oyl -smells strong. See the rarities of_ New-England. - -The _Sea-hare_ is as big as _Grampus_ or _Herrin-hog_, and as white -as a sheet; There hath been of them in _Black-point_-Harbour, & -some way up the river, but we could never take any of them, several -have shot sluggs at them, but lost their labour. - -The _Sturgeon_ is a Regal fish too, I have seen of them that have -been sixteen foot in length: of their sounds they make _Isinglass_, -which melted in the mouth is excellent to seal letters. - -_Sharkes_ there are infinite store, who tear the Fishermens nets -to their great loss and hinderance; they are of two sorts, one -flat [p. 106.] headed, the other long-snouted, the pretious stone -in their heads (soveraign for the stone in a man) so much coveted -by the travelling Chirurgeon is nought else but the brains of -the flat-headed _Sharke_. With these we may joyn the Dog-fish or -Thorn-hound, who hath two long sharp prickles on his back. - -The _Sea-horse_ or _Morse_ is a kind of monster-fish numerous about -the Isle of _Sables_, i. e. The sandy Isle. An Amphibious Creature -kill’d for their Teeth and Oyl, never brings forth more than two -at a birth; as also doth the Soil and Manate or Cow-fish which is -supposed to be the Sea-monster spoken of by _Jeremy_, _Lament._ 4. -3. _Etiam phocæ præbent mammam, lactant catulos suos; So the Latins -render it_, phoca _a Sea-Calf or Soil_. - -The small _Sword-fish_ is very good meat, the _Sea-bat_ or -_Sea-owl_ a kind of flying fish. - -_Negroes_ or _Sea-Devils_ a very ugly fish, having a black scale, -there are three sorts of them, one a hideous fish, another about -two foot long; of these I have seen store in _Black-point_ Harbour -in the water, but never attempted to take any of them. - -_Squids_ a soft fish somewhat like a cudgel, their horns like a -_Snails_, which sometimes are found to be of an incredible length, -[p. 107.] this fish is much used for bait to catch a _Cod_, -_Hacke_, _Polluck_, and the like Sea-fish. - -The _Dolphin_, _Bonito_, or _Dozado_, the ashes of their teeth -mixed with honey, is good to asswage the pain of breeding teeth in -Children. - -The _Sea-bream_, _Dorado_, or _Amber-fish_, they follow ships as -doth the _Dolphin_, and are good meat. - -The _Mackarel_, of which there is choicefull plenty all summer -long, in the spring they are ordinarily 18 inches long, afterwards -there is none taken but what are smaller. - -The _Liver-fish_ like a _Whiting_. - -The _Herrin_ which are numerous, they take of them all summer -long. In _Anno Dom._ 1670. they were driven into _Black-point_ -Harbour by other great fish that prey upon them so near the shore, -that they threw themselves (it being high water) upon dry land in -such infinite numbers that we might have gone up half way the leg -amongst them for near a quarter of a mile. We used to qualifie a -pickled _Herrin_ by boiling of him in milk. - -The _Alewife_ is like a _herrin_, but has a bigger bellie therefore -called an _Alewife_, they come in the end of _April_ into fresh [p. -108.] Rivers and Ponds; there hath been taken in two hours time -by two men without any Weyre at all, saving a few stones to stop -the passage of the River, above ten thousand. The _Italian_ hath -a proverb, that he that hath seen one miracle will easily believe -another; but this relation far from a miracle will peranter meet, -instead of a belief with an Adulterate construction from those -that are somewhat akin to St. _Peters_ mockers, such as deny the -last judgement. I have known in _England_ 9 score and 16 _Pikes_ -and _Pickarel_ taken with three Angles between the hours of three -and ten in the morning, in the River _Owse_ in the Isle of _Ely_, -three quarters of a yard long above half of them; they make red -_Alewives_ after the same manner as they do _herrins_ and are as -good. - -The _Basse_ is a salt water fish too, but most an end taken in -Rivers where they spawn, there hath been 3000 _Basse_ taken at a -set, one writes that the fat in the bone of a _Basses_ head is his -brains which is a lye. - -The _Salmon_ likewise is a Sea-fish, but as the _Basse_ comes into -Rivers to spawn, a _Salmon_ the first year is a _Salmon-smelt_; -The second a _Mort_; The third a _Spraid_; The fourth a _Soar_; -The fifth a _Sorrel_; The sixth [p. 109.] a _forket tail_; and -the seventh year a _Salmon_. There are another sort of _Salmon_ -frequent in those parts called white _Salmons_. - -_Capeling_ is a small fish like a smelt. - -The _Turtle_ or _Tortoise_ is of two sorts Sea-_Turtles_ and -land-_Turtles_: of Sea-_Turtles_ there are five sorts, of -land-_Turtles_ three sorts, one of which is a right land-_turtle_ -that seldom or never goes into the water, the other two being the -River-_Turtle_, and the pond-_Turtle_: there are many of these in -the brooke _Chyson_ in the _Holy land_. The ashes of a Sea-_Turtle_ -mixt with oyl or _Bears_-grease causeth hair to grow: the shell of -a land-_Turtle_ burnt and the ashes dissolved in wine and oyl to an -unguent healeth chaps and sores of the feet: the flesh burnt and -the ashes mixt with wine and oyl healeth sore legs: the ashes of -the burnt shell and the whites of eggs compounded together healeth -chaps in womens nipples; and the head pulverized with it prevents -the falling of the hair, and will heal the Hemorrhoids, first -washing of them with white-wine, and then strewing on the powder. - -_Lobster_, which some say is at first a _whelk_, I have seen a -_Lobster_ that weighed twenty pound, they cast their shell-coats -in the spring, and so do _Crabs_; having underneath a thin red -skin which growes thicker and [p. 110.] hard in short time. The -_Indians_ feed much upon this fish, some they rost, and some they -dry as they do _Lampres_ and _Oysters_ which are delicate breakfast -meat so ordered, the _Oysters_ are long shell’d, I have had of them -nine inches long from the joynt to the toe, containing an _Oyster_ -like those the Latines called _Tridacuan_ that were to be cut into -three pieces before they could get them into their mouths, very fat -and sweet. - -The _Muscle_ is of two sorts, Sea-_muscles_ in which they find -Pearl and river-_muscles_. Sea-_muscles_ dryed and pulverized and -laid upon the sores of the _Piles_ and _hemorrhoids_ with oyl will -perfectly cure them. - -The _Whore_ is a shell-fish, the shells are called whores-eggs, -being fine round white shells, in shape like a _Mexico_ pompion, -but no bigger than a good large Hens-egg; they are wrought down the -sides with little knobs and holes very prettily, but are but thin -and brittle. - -The _Perriwig_ is a shell-fish that lyeth in the Sands flat and -round as a shovel-board piece and very little thicker; these at a -little hole in the middle of the shell thrust out a cap of hair, -but upon the least motion of any danger it drawes it in again. - -_Trouts_ there be good store in every brook, ordinarily two and -twenty inches [p. 111.] long, their grease is good for the _Piles_ -and _clifts_. - -The _Eal_ is of two sorts, salt-water _Eals_ and fresh-water -_Eals_; these again are distinguished into yellow bellied _Eals_ -and silver bellied _Eals_; I never eat better _Eals_ in no part of -the world that I have been in, than are here. They that have no -mind or leasure to take them, may buy of an _Indian_ half a dozen -silver bellied _Eals_ as big as those we usually give 8 pence or 12 -pence a piece for at _London_, for three pence or a groat. There -is several wayes of cooking them, some love them roasted, others -baked, and many will have them fryed; but they please my palate -best when they are boiled, a common way it is to boil them in half -water, half wine with the bottom of a manchet, a fagot of Parsley, -and a little winter savory, when they are boiled they take them -out and break the bread in the broth, and put to it three or four -spoonfuls of yest, and a piece of sweet butter, this they pour to -their _Eals_ laid upon sippets and so serve it up. I fancie my way -better which is this, after the _Eals_ are fley’d and washt I fill -their bellies with Nutmeg grated and Cloves a little bruised, and -sow them up with a needle and thred, then I stick a Clove here and -there in their sides about an inch asunder, [p. 112.] making holes -for them with a bodkin, this done I wind them up in a wreath and -put them into a kettle with half water and half white wine-vinegar, -so much as will rise four fingers above the _Eals_, in midst of the -_Eals_ I put the bottom of a penny white loaf, and a fagot of these -herbs following, Parsley one handful, a little sweet Marjoram, -Peniroyal and Savory, a branch of Rosemary, bind them up with a -thred, and when they are boiled enough take out the _Eals_ and -pull out the threds that their bellies were sowed up with, turn -out the Nutmeg and Cloves, put the _Eals_ in a dish with butter -and vinegar upon a chafing-dish with coals to keep warm, then put -into the broth three or four spoonfuls of good Ale-yeast with the -juice of half a Lemmon; but before you put in your yeast beat it in -a porringer with some of the broth, then break the crust of bread -very small and mingle it well together with the broth, pour it into -a deep dish and garnish it with the other half of the Lemmon, and -so serve them up to the Table in two dishes. - -The _Frost fish_ is little bigger than a _Gudgeon_ and are taken -in fresh brooks; when the waters are frozen they make a hole in -the Ice about half a yard or yard wide, to which the fish repair -in great numbers, where with [p. 113.] small nets bound to a hoop -about the bigness of a firkin-hoop with a staff fastned to it they -lade them out of the hole. I have not done with the fish yet, -being willing to let you know all of them that are to be seen and -catch’d in the Sea and fresh waters in _New-England_, and because I -will not tire your patience overmuch, having no occasion to enlarge -my discourse, I shall only name them and so conclude. - - _Aleport_ - _Albicore_ - _Barracha_ - _Barracontha_ - _Blew-fish_ - _Bull-head_ - _Bur-fish_ - _Cat-fish_ - _Cony-fish_ - _Cusk_ - _Clam_ - _Rock-Cod_ - _Sea-Cod_ - _divers kinds of Crabs_ - _Sea-Cucumber_ - _Cunner_ - _Sea-Darts or Javelins_ - _Flail-fish_ - _Flounder or Flowke_ - _Flying-fish_ - _several kinds Sea-Flea_ - _Grandpisse_ - _Hake_ - _Haddock_ - _Horse-foot_ - _Hallibut_ - _Hen-fish_ - _Lampre_ - _Limpin_ - _Lumpe_ - _Maid_ - _Monk-fish_ - _Sea-mullet_ - _Nun-fish_ - _Perch_ - _Polluck_ - _Periwincle_ - _Pike_ - _Pilat-fish_ - _Plaice_ - _Porpisse_ - _Prawne_ - _Purple-fish_ - _Porgee_ - _Remora_ - _Sea-Raven_ - _Sail-fish_ - _Scallop_ - [p. 114.] _Scate_ - _Stingray_ - _Sculpin_ - _Shadd_ - _Spurlin_ - _Sheath-fish_ - _Smelt_ - _Shrimps_ - _Sprates_ - _Star-fish_ - _Swordfish_ - _Thornback_ - _Turbet_ - _The Ulatife or saw-fish_ - _Sea-Urchin_ - _Sea-Unichorn_ - -The fish are swum by, and the Serpents are creeping on, terrible -creatures, carrying stings in their tails. That will smart worse -than a _Satyrs_ whip, though it were as big as Mr. _Shepperds_ the -mad Gentleman at _Milton-Mowbrayes Constantinus Lasculus_. - -The chief or Captain of these is the Rattle-snake described already -in my Journal, in some places of the Countrey there are none as at -_Plimouth_, _New-town_, _Nahant_ and some other places, they will -live on one side of the River, and but swimming over and coming -into the woods dye immediately. - -The fat of a Rattle-snake is very Soveraign for frozen limbs, -bruises, lameness by falls, Aches, Sprains. The heart of a -Rattle-snake dried and pulverized and drunk with wine or beer is an -approved remedy against the biting and venome of a Rattle-snake. -Some body will give me thanks for [p. 115.] discovering these -secrets and the rest; _Non omnibus omnia conveniant_. - -The _Snake_ of which there are infinite numbers of various colours, -some black, others painted with red, yellow and white, some again -of a grass-green colour powdered all over as it were with silver -dust or _Muscovie_-glass. But there is one sort that exceeds all -the rest, and that is the Checkquered snake, having as many colours -within the checkquers shaddowing one another, as there are in a -Rainbow. There are two sorts of snakes, the land-snake and the -water-snake; the water-snake will be as big about the belly as the -Calf of a mans leg; I never heard of any mischief that snakes did, -they kill them sometimes for their skins and bones to make hatbands -off, their skins likewise worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie -against the cramp. I have found of the skins that they cast in -woods in some quantity, they cast not their very skins, but only -the superfluous thin skin that is upon the very skin, for the very -skin is basted to the flesh, so Lobsters and Crabs. - -The Earth-worm, these are very rare and as small as a horse hair, -but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and eateth the seed, -that is somewhat like a Maggot of a white colour with a red head, -and is about [p. 116.] the bigness of ones finger and an inch or -an inch and half long. There is also a dark dunnish Worm or Bug of -the bigness of an Oaten-straw, and an inch long, that in the spring -lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day, and in the night -creep out and devour them; these in some years destroy abundance of -_Indian_ Corn and Garden plants, and they have but one way to be -rid of them, which the _English_ have learnt of the _Indians_; And -because it is somewhat strange, I shall tell you how it is, they go -out into a field or garden with a Birchen-dish, and spudling the -earth about the roots, for they lye not deep, they gather their -dish full which may contain about a quart or three pints, then they -carrie the dish to the Sea-side when it is ebbing-water and set it -a swimming, the water carrieth the dish into the Sea and within a -day or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes out -sooner than find any of them. - -_Sow-bugs_ or _Millipedes_ there be good store, but none of that -sort that are blew and turn round as a pea when they are touched; -neither are there any _Beetles_ nor _Maple-bugs_, but a stinking -black and red _Bug_ called a _Cacarooch_ or _Cockroach_, and a -little black _Bug_ like a _Lady-cow_ that breeds in skins and -furrs and will eat them to their [p. 117.] utter spoil. Likewise -there be infinite numbers of _Tikes_ hanging upon the bushes in -summer time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into his -Breeches eating themselves in a short time into the very flesh of -a man. I have seen the stockins of those that have gone through -the woods covered with them. Besides these there is a _Bug_, but -whether it be a Native to the Countrie or a stranger I cannot -say: Some are of opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant -with Spanish goods, they infest our beds most, all day they hide -themselves, but when night comes they will creep to the sleeping -wretch and bite him worse than a flea, which raiseth a swelling -knub that will itch intolerably, if you scratch it waxeth bigger -and growes to a scab; and if you chance to break one of the _Bugs_ -it will stink odiously: they call them _Chinches_ or _Wood-lice_, -they are fat, red and in shape like a _Tike_ and no bigger. There -are also Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller, these some -years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as naked almost -as in winter, they do much harm in the _English_ Orchards. Of -_Snails_ there are but few, and those very little ones, they lye at -the Roots of long grass in moist places, and are no where else to -be found. [p. 118.] Spiders and Spinners there be many, the last -very big and of several colours. - -The Pismire or Ant must not be forgotten, accounted the least -Creature, and by _Salomon_ commended for its wisdom, Prov. 30. 24, -25. _Quatuor ista parva sunt humilia, tamen sunt sapientia, apprime -sapientia: formicæ populus infirmus, quæ comparant æstate cibum -suum_, &c. There are two sorts, red Ants and black Ants, both of -them are many times found winged; not long since they were poured -upon the Sands out of the clouds in a storm betwixt _Black-point_ -and _Saco_, where the passenger might have walkt up to the Ankles -in them. - -The Grashopper is innumerable and bigger by much than ours in -_England_, having Tinsel-wings, with help whereof they will flye -and skip a great way. Next to these in number are your Crickets, a -man can walk no where in the summer but he shall tread upon them; -The _Italian_ who hath them cryed up and down the streets (_Grille -che cantelo_) and buyeth them to put into his Gardens, if he were -in _New-England_ would gladly be rid of them, they make such a dinn -in an Evening. I could never discover the Organ of their voice, -they have a little clift in their Crown which opens, and at the -same instant they shake their wings. - -[p. 119.] The Eft or Swift in _New-England_ is a most beautiful -Creature to look upon, being larger than ours, and painted with -glorious colours; but I lik’d him never the better for it. - -Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land, they chirp like -Birds in the spring, and latter end of summer croak like Toads. -It is admirable to consider the generating of these Creatures, -first they lay their gelly on the water in ponds and still waters, -which comes in time to be full of black spots as broad as the head -of a Ten-penny nail, and round, these separate themselves from -the gleir, and after a while thrust out a tail, then their head -comes forth, after their head springs out their fore-legs, and -then their hinder-legs, then their tail drops off, and growes to -have a head and four legs too, the first proves a frog, the latter -a water nuet. The Herbalist useth to say by way of admiration, -_quælibet herba deum &c._ So God is seen in the production of these -small Creatures which are a part of the Creation; _Laudate Jehovam -cælites, laudate eum in excelsis_, &c. _Laudent nomen Jehovæ quæ -ipso præcipiente illico creata sunt_ &c. _ipsæ bestiæ & omnes -jumenta, reptilia & aves alatæ_, Psal. 148. - -The Toad is of two sorts, one that is [p. 120.] speckled with -white, and another of a dark earthy colour; there is of them that -will climb up into Trees and sit croaking there; but whether it be -of a third sort, or one of the other, or both, I am not able to -affirm; but this I can testifie that there be Toads of the dark -coloured kind that are as big as a groat loaf. Which report will -not swell into the belief of my sceptique Sirs; nor that there -is a Hell, being like _Salomon’s_ fool, Prov. 26. 22. _Sed si -contunderes stultum in mortario cum mola pistillo, non recederet ab -eo stultitia ejus._ - -Now before I proceed any further, I must (to prevent -misconstructions) tell you that these following Creatures, though -they be not properly accounted Serpents, yet they are venomous -and pestilent Creatures. As, first the Rat, but he hath been -brought in since the _English_ came thither, but the Mouse is -a Native, of which there are several kinds not material to be -described; the Bat or flitter mouse is bigger abundance than any in -_England_ and swarm, which brings me to the insects or cut-wasted -Creatures again, as first the honey-Bee, which are carried over -by the _English_ and thrive there exceedingly, in time they may -be produced from Bullocks when the wild Beasts are destroyed. -But the wasp is [p. 121.] common, and they have a sort of wild -humble-Bee that breed in little holes in the earth. Near upon -twenty years since there lived an old planter at _Black-point_, -who on a Sun-shine day about one of the clock lying upon a green -bank not far from his house, charged his Son, a lad of 12 years of -age to awaken him when he had slept two hours, the old man falls -asleep and lying upon his back gaped with his mouth wide enough for -a Hawke to shit into it; after a little while the lad sitting by -spied a humble-Bee creeping out of his Fathers mouth, which taking -wing flew quite out of sight, the hour as the lad ghest being come -to awaken his Father he jogg’d him and called aloud Father, Father, -it is two a clock, but all would not rouse him, at last he sees the -humble-Bee returning, who lighted upon the sleepers lip and walked -down as the lad conceived into his belly, and presently he awaked. - -The Countrey is strangely incommodated with flyes, which the -_English_ call Musketaes, they are like our gnats, they will sting -so fiercely in summer as to make the faces of the _English_ swell’d -and scabby, as if the small pox for the first year. Likewise there -is a small black fly no bigger than a flea, so numerous up in -the Countrey, [p. 122.] that a man cannot draw his breath, but -he will suck of them in: they continue about Thirty dayes say -some, but I say three moneths, and are not only a pesterment but -a plague to the Countrey. There is another sort of fly called a -Gurnipper that are like our horse-flyes, and will bite desperately, -making the bloud to spurt out in great quantity; these trouble -our _English_ Cattle very much, raising swellings as big as an -egg in their hides. The Butterfly is of several sorts and larger -than ours; So are their Dragon-flyes. Glow-worms have here wings, -there are multitudes of them insomuch that in the dark evening -when I first went into the Countrey I thought the whole Heavens -had been on fire, seeing so many sparkles flying in the air: about -_Mount-Carmel_, and the valley of _Acree_ in the _Holy-land_ there -be abundance of them. - -These are taken for _Cantharides_. _Cantharides_ are green flyes by -day, in the night they pass about like a flying Glow-worm with fire -in their tails. - -I have finished now my relation of plants, _&c._ I have taken some -pains in recollecting of them to memory, and setting of them down -for their benefit from whom I may expect thanks; but I believe my -[p. 123.] reward will be according to _Ben Johnsons_ proverbs, -Whistle to a Jade and he will pay you with a fart, Claw a churl by -the britch and he will shit in your fist. - -The people that inhabited this Countrey are judged to be of the -_Tartars_ called _Samonids_ that border upon _Moscovia_, and are -divided into Tribes; those to the East and North-east are called -_Churchers_ and _Tarentines_, and _Monhegans_. To the South are -the _Pequets_ and _Narragansets_. Westward _Connecticuts_ and -_Mowhacks_. To the Northward _Aberginians_ which consist of -_Mattachusets_, _Wippanaps_ and _Tarrentines_. The _Pocanokets_ -live to the West-ward of _Plimouth_. Not long before the _English_ -came into the Countrey, happened a great mortality amongst them, -especially where the _English_ afterwards planted, the East and -Northern parts were sore smitten with the Contagion; first by the -plague, afterwards when the _English_ came by the small pox, the -three Kingdoms or _Sagamorships_ of the _Mattachusets_ were very -populous, having under them seven Dukedoms or petti-_Sagamorships_, -but by the plague were brought from 30000 to 300. There are not -many now to the Eastward, the _Pequots_ were destroyed by the -_English_: the _Mowhacks_ are about five hundred: Their speech -a dialect of the _Tartars_, [p. 124.] (as also is the _Turkish_ -tongue). There is difference between Tongues and Languages, the -division of speech at _Babel_ is most properly called Languages, -the rest Tongues. - -As for their persons they are tall and handsome timber’d people, -out-wristed, pale and lean _Tartarian_ visag’d, black eyed which is -accounted the strongest for sight, and generally black hair’d, both -smooth and curl’d wearing of it long. No beards, or very rarely, -their Teeth are very white, short and even, they account them the -most necessary and best parts of man; And as the _Austreans_ are -known by their great lips, the _Bavarians_ by their pokes under -their chins, the _Jews_ by their goggle eyes, so the _Indians_ by -their flat noses, yet are they not so much deprest as they are to -the Southward. - -The _Indesses_ that are young, are some of them very comely, having -good features, their faces plump and round, and generally plump -of their Bodies, as are the men likewise, and as soft and smooth -as a mole-skin, of reasonable good complexions, but that they dye -themselves tawnie, many prettie Brownetto’s and spider finger’d -Lasses may be seen amongst them. The _Vetula’s_ or old women are -lean and uglie, all of them are of a modest demeanor, considering -their [p. 125.] Savage breeding; and indeed do shame our _English_ -rusticks whose rudeness in many things exceedeth theirs. - -Of disposition very inconstant, crafty, timorous, quick of -apprehension, and very ingenious, soon angry, and so malicious that -they seldom forget an injury, and barbarously cruel, witness their -direful revenges upon one another. Prone to injurious violence -and slaughter, by reason of their bloud dryed up with overmuch -fire, very lecherous proceeding from choller adust and melancholy, -a salt and sharp humour; very fingurative or theevish, and bold -importunate beggars, both Men and Women guilty of Misoxenie or -hatred to strangers, a quality appropriated to the old Brittains, -all of them Cannibals, eaters of humane flesh. And so were formerly -the Heathen-_Irish_, who used to feed upon the Buttocks of Boyes -and Womens Paps; it seems it is natural to Savage people so to do. -I have read in Relations of the _Indians_ amongst the _Spaniards_ -that they would not eat a _Spaniard_ till they had kept him two -or three dayes to wax tender, because their flesh was hard. At -_Martins_ vinyard, an Island that lyes South to _Plimouth_ in the -way to _Virginia_, certain _Indians_ (whilst I was in the Countrey) -seised upon a Boat that put into [p. 126.] a By-_Cove_, kill’d the -men and eat them up in a short time before they were discovered. - -Their houses which they call _Wigwams_, are built with Poles pitcht -into the ground of a round form for most part, sometimes square, -they bind down the tops of their poles, leaving a hole for smoak -to go out at, the rest they cover with the bark of Trees, and line -the inside of their _Wigwams_ with mats made of Rushes painted -with several colours, one good post they set up in the middle that -reaches to the hole in the top, with a staff across before it at a -convenient height, they knock in a pin on which they hang their -Kettle, beneath that they set up a broad stone for a back which -keepeth the post from burning; round by the walls they spread -their mats and skins where the men sleep whilst their women dress -their victuals, they have commonly two doors, one opening to the -South, the other to the North, and according as the wind sits, they -close up one door with bark and hang a _Dears_ skin or the like -before the other. Towns they have none, being alwayes removing from -one place to another for conveniency of food, sometimes to those -places where one sort of fish is most plentiful, other whiles where -others are. I have seen half [p. 127.] a hundred of their _Wigwams_ -together in a piece of ground and they shew prettily, within a day -or two, or a week they have been all dispersed. They live for the -most part by the Sea-side, especially in the spring and summer -quarters, in winter they are gone up into the Countrie to hunt -_Deer_ and _Beaver_, the younger webbs going with them. Tame Cattle -they have none, excepting Lice, and Doggs of a wild breed that they -bring up to hunt with. - -Wives they have two or three, according to the ability of their -bodies and strength of their concupiscence, who have the easiest -labours of any women in the world; they will go out when their -time is come alone, carrying a board with them two foot long, and -a foot and half broad, bor’d full of holes on each side, having a -foot beneath like a Jack that we pull Boots off with, on the top -of the board a broad strap of leather which they put over their -fore-head, the board hanging at their back; when they are come to a -Bush or a Tree that they fancy they lay them down and are delivered -in a trice, not so much as groaning for it, they wrap the child -up in a young _Beaver_-skin with his heels close to his britch, -leaving a little hole if it be a Boy for his Cock to peep out at; -and lace him down to the [p. 128.] board upon his back, his knees -resting upon the foot beneath, then putting the strap of leather -upon their fore-head with the infant hanging at their back home -they trudge; What other ceremonies they use more than dying of -them with a liquor of boiled _Hemlock_-Bark, and their throwing of -them into the water if they suspect the Child to be gotten by any -other Nation, to see if he will swim, if he swim they acknowledge -him for their own, their names they give them when they are men -grown, and covet much to be called after our _English_ manner, -_Robin_, _Harry_, _Phillip_ and the like, very indulgent they are -to their Children, and their children sometimes to their Parents, -but if they live so long that they become a burden to them, they -will either starve them or bury them alive, as it was supposed an -_Indian_ did his Mother at _Casco_ in 1669. - -Their Apparel before the _English_ came amongst them, was the skins -of wild Beasts with the hair on, Buskins of _Deers_-skin or _Moose_ -drest and drawn with lines into several works, the lines being -coloured with yellow, blew or red, Pumps too they have, made of -tough skins without soles. In the winter when the snow will bear -them, they fasten to their feet their snow shooes which are made -like a large Racket we play at [p. 129.] _Tennis_ with, lacing -them with _Deers_-guts and the like, under their belly they wear a -square piece of leather and the like upon their posteriors, both -fastened to a string tyed about them to hide their secrets; on -their heads they ware nothing: But since they have had to do with -the English they purchase of them a sort of Cloth called trading -cloth of which they make Mantles, Coats with short sleeves, and -caps for their heads which the women use, but the men continue -their old fashion going bare-headed, excepting some old men amongst -them. They are very proud as appeareth by their setting themselves -out with white and blew Beads of their own making, and painting of -their faces with the above mentioned colours, they weave sometimes -curious Coats with _Turkie_ feathers for their Children. - -Their Diet is Fish and Fowl, Bear, Wild-cat, Rattoon and Deer; -dry’d Oysters, _Lobsters_ rosted or dryed in the smoak, _Lampres_ -and dry’d _Moose_-tongues, which they esteem a dish for a -_Sagamor_; hard eggs boiled and made small and dryed to thicken -their broth with, salt they have not the use of, nor bread, their -_Indian_ Corn and Kidney beans they boil, and sometimes eat their -Corn parcht or roasted in the ear against the fire; they feed -likewise upon earth-nuts, [p. 130.] or ground-nuts, roots of -water-Lillies, Ches-nuts, and divers sorts of Berries. They beat -their Corn to powder and put it up into bags, which they make -use of when stormie weather or the like will not suffer them to -look out for their food. _Pompions_ and water-_Mellons_ too they -have good store; they have prodigious stomachs, devouring a cruel -deal, meer _voragoes_, never giving over eating as long as they -have it, between meals spending their time in sleep till the next -kettlefull is boiled, when all is gone they satisfie themselves -with a small quantity of the meal, making it serve as the frugal -bit amongst the old _Britains_, which taken to the mountenance of a -Bean would satisfie both thirst and hunger. If they have none of -this, as sometimes it falleth out (being a very careless people not -providing against the storms of want and tempest of necessity) they -make use of Sir _Francis Drake’s_ remedy for hunger, go to sleep. - -They live long, even to an hundred years of age, if they be not cut -off by their Children, war, and the plague, which together with -the small pox hath taken away abundance of them. _Pliny_ reckons -up but 300 Diseases in and about man, latter writers Six thousand, -236 belonging to the eyes. There are not so many Diseases raigning -[p. 131.] amongst them as our _Europeans_. The great pox is proper -to them, by reason (as some do deem) that they are _Man-eaters_, -which disease was brought amongst our _Europeans_ first by the -_Spaniards_ that went with _Christopher Columbus_ who brought it -to _Naples_ with their _Indian_-women, with whom the _Italians_ -and _French_ conversed _Anno Dom._ 1493. _Paracelsus_ saith it -happened in the year 1478 and 1480. But all agree that it was -not known in _Europe_ before _Columbus_ his voyage to _America_. -It hath continued amongst us above two hundred and three score -years. There are Diseases that are proper to certain climates, as -the Leprosie to _Ægypt_, swelling of the Throat or _Mentegra_ to -_Asia_, the sweating sickness to the Inhabitants of the North; to -the _Portugals_ the Phthisick, to _Savoy_ the mumps; So to the -_West-Indies_ the Pox, but this doth not exclude other Diseases. In -_New-England_ the _Indians_ are afflicted with pestilent Feavers, -Plague, Black-pox, Consumption of the Lungs, Falling-sickness, -Kings-evil, and a Disease called by the _Spaniard_ the Plague in -the back, with us _Empyema_, their Physicians are the _Powaws_ or -_Indian_ Priests who cure sometimes by charms and medicine, but -in a general infection they seldom come amongst them, [p. 132.] -therefore they use their own remedies, which is sweating, _&c._ -Their manner is when they have plague or small pox amongst them -to cover their _Wigwams_ with Bark so close that no Air can enter -in, lining them (as I said before) within, and making a great fire -they remain there in a stewing heat till they are in a top sweat, -and then run out into the Sea or River, and presently after they -are come into their Hutts again they either recover or give up -the Ghost; they dye patiently both men and women, not knowing of -a Hell to scare them, nor a Conscience to terrifie them. In times -of general Mortality they omit the Ceremonies of burying, exposing -their dead Carkases to the Beasts of prey. But at other times they -dig a Pit and set the diseased therein upon his breech upright, and -throwing in the earth, cover it with the sods and bind them down -with sticks, driving in two stakes at each end; their mournings -are somewhat like the howlings of the _Irish_, seldom at the grave -but in the _Wigwam_ where the party dyed, blaming the Devil for -his hard heartedness, and concluding with rude prayers to him to -afflict them no further. - -They acknowledge a God who they call _Squantam_, but worship him -they do not, [p. 133.] because (they say) he will do them no harm. -But _Abbamocho_ or _Cheepie_ many times smites them with incurable -Diseases, scares them with his Apparitions and pannick Terrours, by -reason whereof they live in a wretched consternation worshipping -the Devil for fear. One black _Robin_ an _Indian_ sitting down in -the Corn field belonging to the house where I resided, ran out of -his _Wigwam_ frighted with the apparition of two infernal spirits -in the shape of _Mohawkes_. Another time two _Indians_ and an -_Indess_, came running into our house crying out they should all -dye, _Cheepie_ was gone over the field gliding in the Air with a -long rope hanging from one of his legs: we askt them what he was -like, they said all wone _Englishman_, clothed with hat and coat, -shooes and stockings, _&c._ They have a remarkable observation of -a flame that appears before the death of an _Indian_ or _English_ -upon their _Wigwams_ in the dead of the night: The first time that -I did see it, I was call’d out by some of them about twelve of the -clock, it being a very dark night, I perceived it plainly mounting -into the Air over our Church, which was built upon a plain little -more than half a quarter of a mile from our dwelling house, on the -Northside of the Church: look on [p. 134.] what side of a house it -appears, from that Coast respectively you shall hear of a Coarse -within two or three days. - -They worship the Devil (as I said) their Priests are called -_Powaws_ and are little better than Witches, for they have familiar -conference with him, who makes them invulnerable, that is shot-free -and stick-free. Craftie Rogues, abusing the rest at their pleasure, -having power over them by reason of their Diabolical Art in curing -of Diseases, which is performed with rude Ceremonies; they place -the sick upon the ground sitting, and dance in an Antick manner -round about him, beating their naked breasts with a strong hand, -and making hideous faces, sometimes calling upon the Devil for his -help, mingling their prayers with horrid and barbarous charms; if -the sick recover they send rich gifts, their Bowes and Arrowes, -_Wompompers_, _Mohacks_, _Beaver skins_, or other rich Furs to -the Eastward, where there is a vast Rock not far from the shore, -having a hole in it of an unsearchable profundity, into which they -throw them. - -Their Theologie is not much, but questionless they acknowledge -a God and a Devil, and some small light they have of the Souls -immortality; for ask them [p. 135.] whither they go when they dye, -they will tell you pointing with their finger to Heaven beyond the -white mountains, and do hint at _Noah’s_ Floud, as may be conceived -by a story they have received from Father to Son, time out of mind, -that a great while agon their Countrey was drowned, and all the -People and other Creatures in it, only one _Powaw_ and his _Webb_ -foreseeing the Floud, fled to the white mountains carrying a hare -along with them and so escaped; after a while the _Powaw_ sent the -_Hare_ away, who not returning emboldned thereby they descended, -and lived many years after, and had many Children, from whom the -Countrie was filled again with _Indians._ Some of them tell another -story of the _Beaver_, saying that he was their Father. - -Their learning is very little or none, Poets they are as may be -ghessed by their formal speeches, sometimes an hour long, the -last word of a line riming with the last word of the following -line, and the whole doth _Constare ex pedibus_. Musical too they -be, having many pretty odd barbarous tunes which they make use of -vocally at marriages and feastings; but Instruments they had none -before the _English_ came amongst them, since they have imitated -them and will make out Kitts and string them as neatly, [p. 136.] -and as Artificially as the best Fiddle-maker amongst us; and will -play our plain lessons very exactly: the only Fidler that was in -the Province of _Meyn_, when I was there, was an _Indian_ called -_Scozway_, whom the Fishermen and planters when they had a mind to -be merry made use of. - -Arithmetick they skill not, reckoning to ten upon their fingers, -and if more doubling of it by holding their fingers up, their age -they reckon by Moons, and their actions by sleeps, as, if they go -a journie, or are to do any other business they will say, three -sleeps me walk, or two or three sleeps me do such a thing, that -is in two or three days. Astronomie too they have no knowledge -of, seldom or never taking observation of the Stars, Eclipses, -or Comets that I could perceive; but they will Prognosticate -shrewdly what weather will fall out. They are generally excellent -_Zenagogues_ or guides through their Countrie. - -Their exercises are hunting and fishing, in both they will take -abundance of pains. When the snow will bear them, the young and -lustie _Indians_, (leaving their papouses and old people at home) -go forth to hunt _Moose_, _Deere_, _Bear_ and _Beaver_, Thirty or -forty miles up into the Countrey; when they light upon a _Moose_ -they run him down, [p. 137.] which is sometimes in half a day, -sometimes a whole day, but never give him over till they have -tyred him, the snow being usually four foot deep, and the Beast -very heavie he sinks every step, and as he runs sometimes bears -down Arms of Trees that hang in his way, with his horns, as big -as a mans thigh; other whiles, if any of their dogs (which are -but small) come near, yerking out his heels (for he strikes like -a horse) if a small Tree be in the way he breaks it quite asunder -with one stroak, at last they get up to him on each side and -transpierce him with their Lances, which formerly were no other -but a staff of a yard and half pointed with a Fishes bone made -sharp at the end, but since they put on pieces of sword-blades -which they purchase of the _French_, and having a strap of leather -fastned to the but end of the staff which they bring down to the -midst of it, they dart it into his sides, _hæret latere lethalis -arundo_, the poor Creature groans, and walks on heavily, for a -space, then sinks and falls down like a ruined building, making -the Earth to quake; then presently in come the Victors, who having -cut the throat of the slain take off his skin, their young webbs -by this time are walking towards them with heavie bags and kettles -at their [p. 138.] backs, who laying down their burdens fall to -work upon the Carkass, take out the heart, and from that the bone, -cut off the left foot behind, draw out the sinews, and cut out his -tongue _&c._ and as much of the Venison as will serve to satiate -the hungry mawes of the Company; mean while the men pitch upon a -place near some spring, and with their snow shoos shovel the snow -away to the bare Earth in a circle, making round about a wall of -snow; in the midst they make their _Vulcan_ or fire near to a great -Tree, upon the snags whereof they hang their kettles fil’d with -the Venison; whilst that boils, the men after they have refresht -themselves with a pipe of Tobacco dispose themselves to sleep. The -women tend the Cookerie, some of them scrape the slime and fat from -the skin, cleanse the sinews, and stretch them and the like, when -the venison is boiled the men awake, and opening of their bags -take out as much _Indian_ meal as will serve their turns for the -present; they eat their broth with spoons, and their flesh they -divide into gobbets, eating now and then with it as much meal as -they can hold betwixt three fingers; their drink they fetch from -the spring, and were not acquainted with other, untill the _French_ -and _English_ traded with that cursed liquor [p. 139.] called -_Rum_, _Rum-bullion_, or kill-Devil, which is stronger than spirit -of Wine, and is drawn from the dross of Sugar and Sugar Canes, -this they love dearly, and will part with all they have to their -bare skins for it, being perpetually drunk with it, as long as it -is to be had, it hath killed many of them, especially old women -who have dyed when dead drunk. Thus instead of bringing of them to -the knowledge of Christianitie, we have taught them to commit the -beastly and crying sins of our Nation, for a little profit. When -the _Indians_ have stuft their paunches, if it be fair weather -and about midday they venture forth again, but if it be foul and -far spent, they betake themselves to their field-bed at the sign -of the Star, expecting the opening of the Eastern window, which -if it promise serenity, they truss up their fardles, and away for -another _Moose_, this course they continue for six weeks or two -moneths, making their _Webbs_ their _Mules_ to carry their luggage, -they do not trouble themselves with the horns of _Moose_ or other -_Deer_, unless it be near an _English_ plantation; because they -are weighty and cumbersome. If the _English_ could procure them to -bring them in, they would be worth the pains and charge, being sold -in _England_ after the rate of forty or fifty [p. 140.] pounds a -Tun; the red heads of _Deer_ are the fairest and fullest of marrow, -and lightest; the black heads are heavie and have less marrow; the -white are the worst, and the worst nourished. When the _Indians_ -are gone, there gathers to the Carkass of the _Moose_ thousands of -_Mattrises_, of which there are but few or none near the Sea-coasts -to be seen, these devour the remainder in a quarter of the time -that they were hunting of it. - -Their fishing followes in the spring, summer and fall of the leaf. -First for _Lobsters_, _Clams_, _Flouke_, _Lumps_ or _Podles_, and -_Alewives_; afterwards for _Bass_, _Cod_, _Rock_, _Blew-fish_, -_Salmon_, and _Lampres_, &c. - -The _Lobsters_ they take in large Bayes when it is low water, the -wind still, going out in their _Birchen-Canows_ with a staff two or -three yards long, made small and sharpen’d at one end, and nick’d -with deep nicks to take hold. When they spye the _Lobster_ crawling -upon the Sand in two fathom water, more or less, they stick him -towards the head and bring him up. I have known thirty _Lobsters_ -taken by an _Indian_ lad in an hour and a half, thus they take -_Flouke_ and _Lumps_; _Clams_ they dig out of the _Clam-banks_ -upon the flats and in creeks when it is low water, where they are -bedded [p. 141.] sometimes a yard deep one upon another, the beds -a quarter of a mile in length, and less, the _Alewives_ they take -with Nets like a pursenet put upon a round hoop’d stick with a -handle in fresh ponds where they come to spawn. The _Bass_ and -_Blew-fish_ they take in harbours, and at the mouth of barr’d -Rivers being in their _Canows_, striking them with a fisgig, a -kind of dart or staff, to the lower end whereof they fasten a -sharp jagged bone (since they make them of Iron) with a string -fastened to it, as soon as the fish is struck they pull away the -staff, leaving the bony head in the fishes body and fasten the -other end of the string to the _Canow_: Thus they will hale after -them to shore half a dozen or half a score great fishes: this way -they take _Sturgeon_; and in dark evenings when they are upon the -fishing ground near a Bar of Sand (where the _Sturgeon_ feeds upon -small fishes (like _Eals_) that are called Lances sucking them -out of the Sands where they lye hid, with their hollow Trunks, -for other mouth they have none) the _Indian_ lights a piece of -dry _Birch-Bark_ which breaks out into a flame & holds it over -the side of his _Canow_, the _Sturgeon_ seeing this glaring light -mounts to the Surface of the water where he is slain and taken -with a fisgig. _Salmons_ and _Lampres_ [p. 142.] are catch’d at -the falls of Rivers. All the Rivers of note in the Countrey have -two or three desperate falls distant one from another for some -miles, for it being rising ground from the Sea and mountainous -within land, the Rivers having their Originals from great lakes, -and hastning to the Sea, in their passage meeting with Rocks that -are not so easily worn away, as the loose earthie mould beneath -the Rock, makes a fall of the water in some Rivers as high as a -house: you would think it strange to see, yea admire if you saw the -bold _Barbarians_ in their light _Canows_ rush down the swift and -headlong stream with desperate speed, but with excellent dexterity, -guiding his _Canow_ that seldom or never it shoots under water, or -overturns, if it do they can swim naturally, striking their pawes -under their throat like a dog, and not spreading their Arms as we -do; they turn their _Canow_ again and go into it in the water. - -Their Merchandize are their beads, which are their money, of these -there are two sorts blew Beads and white Beads, the first is their -Gold, the last their Silver, these they work out of certain shells -so cunningly that neither _Jew_ nor Devil can counterfeit, they -dril them and string them, and make many curious works with them -to [p. 143.] adorn the persons of their _Sagamours_ and principal -men and young women, as Belts, Girdles, Tablets, Borders for their -womens hair, Bracelets, Necklaces, and links to hang in their ears. -Prince _Phillip_ a little before I came for _England_ coming to -_Boston_ had a Coat on and Buskins set thick with these Beads in -pleasant wild works and a broad Belt of the same, his Accoutrements -were valued at Twenty pounds. The _English_ Merchant giveth them -ten shillings a fathom for their white, and as much more or near -upon for their blew Beads. Delicate sweet dishes too they make -of _Birch-Bark_ sowed with threads drawn from _Spruse_ or white -_Cedar-Roots_, and garnished on the out-side with flourisht works, -and on the brims with glistering quills taken from the _Porcupine_, -and dyed, some black, others red, the white are natural, these -they make of all sizes from a dram cup to a dish containing a -pottle, likewise Buckets to carry water or the like, large Boxes -too of the same materials, dishes, spoons and trayes wrought very -smooth and neatly out of the knots of wood, baskets, bags, and -matts woven with _Sparke_, bark of the _Line-Tree_ and _Rushes_ -of several kinds, dyed as before, some black, blew, red, yellow, -bags of _Porcupine_ quills woven and dyed also; Coats woven of [p. -144.] _Turkie_-feathers for their Children, Tobacco pipes of stone -with Imagerie upon them, Kettles of _Birchen-bark_ which they used -before they traded with the _French_ for Copper Kettles, by all -which you may apparently see that necessity was at first the mother -of all inventions. The women are the workers of most of these, and -are now, here and there one excellent needle woman, and will milk -a Cow neatly, their richest trade are Furs of divers sorts, Black -_Fox_, _Beaver_, _Otter_, _Bear_, _Sables_, _Mattrices_, _Fox_, -_Wild-Cat_, _Rattoons_, _Martins_, _Musquash_, _Moose-skins_. - -Ships they have none, but do prettily imitate ours in their -_Birchen-pinnaces_, their _Canows_ are made of _Birch_, they shape -them with flat Ribbs of white _Cedar_, and cover them with large -sheets of _Birch-bark_, sowing them through with strong threds of -_Spruse-Roots_ or white _Cedar_, and pitch them with a mixture of -_Turpentine_ and the hard rosen that is dryed with the Air on the -out-side of the Bark of _Firr-Trees_. These will carry half a dozen -or three or four men and a considerable fraight, in these they swim -to Sea twenty, nay forty miles, keeping from the shore a league or -two, sometimes to shorten their voyage when they are to double a -Cape they will put to shore, and [p. 145.] two of them taking up -the _Canow_ carry it cross the Cape or neck of land to the other -side, and to Sea again; they will indure an incredible great Sea, -mounting upon the working billowes like a piece of Corke; but they -require skilful hands to guide them in rough weather, none but -the _Indians_ scarce dare to undertake it, such like Vessels the -Ancient _Brittains_ used, as _Lucan_ relates. - - _Primum cana salix, madefacto vimine, parvam - Texitur in puppim, cæsoque induta juvenco, - Vectoris patiens tumidum super emicat amnem. - Sic Venetus stagnante Pado, fusoque Britanus - Navigat oceano----_ - - _When_ Sicoris _to his own banks restor’d - Had left the field, of twigs, and willow boord - They made small Boats, cover’d with Bullocks hide, - In which they reacht the Rivers further side. - So sail the Veneti if_ Padus _flow, - The Brittains sail on their calm ocean so: - So the Ægyptians sail with woven Boats - Of paper rushes in their_ Nilus _floats._ - -[p. 146.] Their Government is monarchical, the Patrueius or they -that descend from the eldest proceeding from his loyns, is the -Roytelet of the Tribe, and if he have Daughters, his Son dying -without a Son, the Government descends to his Daughters Son: -after the same manner, their lands descend. _Cheetadaback_ was -the chief _Sachem_ or _Roytelet_ of the _Massachusets_, when the -_English_ first set down there. _Massasoit_, the great _Sachem_ -of the _Plimouth Indians_, his dwelling was at a place called -_Sowans_, about four miles distant from _New-Plimouth_. _Sasasacus_ -was the chief _Sachem_ of the _Pequots_, and _Mientoniack_ of the -_Narragansets_. The chief _Roytelet_ amongst the _Mohawks_ now -living, is a _Dutchmans_ Bastard, and the _Roytelet_ now of the -_Pocanakets_, that is the _Plimouth-Indians_, is Prince _Philip_ -alias _Metacon_, the Grandson of _Massasoit_. Amongst the Eastern -_Indians_, _Summersant_ formerly was a famous _Sachem_. The -now living _Sachems_ of note are _Sabaccaman_, _Terrumkin_ and -_Robinhood_. - -Their Wars are with Neighbouring Tribes, but the _Mowhawks_ are -enemies to all the other _Indians_, their weapons of Defence and -Offence are Bowes and Arrowes, of late he is a poor _Indian_ that -is not [p. 147.] master of two Guns, which they purchase of the -_French_, and powder and shot, they are generally excellent marks -men; their other weapons are _Tamahawks_ which are staves two foot -and a half long with a knob at the end as round as a bowl, and as -big as that we call the Jack or Mistriss. Lances too they have made -(as I have said before) with broken sword blades, likewise they -have Hatchets and knives; but these are weapons of a latter date. -They colour their faces red all over, supposing that it makes them -the more terrible, they are lusty Souldiers to see to and very -strong, meer _Hercules Rusticuses_, their fights are by Ambushments -and Surprises, coming upon one another unawares. They will march -a hundred miles through thick woods and swamps to the _Mowhawks_ -Countrey, and the _Mowhawks_ into their Countrey, meeting sometimes -in the woods, or when they come into an _Enemies_ Countrey build a -rude fort with _Pallizadoes_, having loop-holes out of which they -shoot their Arrowes, and fire their Guns, pelting at one another a -week or moneth together; If any of them step out of the Fort they -are in danger to be taken prisoners by the one side or the other; -that side that gets the victory excoriats the hair-scalp of the -principal slain Enemies which [p. 148.] they bear away in Triumph, -their prisoners they bring home, the old men and women they knock -in the head, the young women they keep, and the men of war they -torture to death as the Eastern _Indians_ did two _Mowhawks_ whilst -I was there, they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before -him, then with sharp knives they cut off the first joynts of his -fingers and toes, then clap upon them hot Embers to sear the vains; -so they cut him a pieces joynt after joynt, still applying hot -Embers to the place to stanch the bloud, making the poor wretch to -sing all the while: when Arms and Legs are gone, they flay off the -skin of their Heads, and presently put on a Cap of burning Embers, -then they open his breast and take out his heart, which while it is -yet living in a manner they give to their old Squaes, who are every -one to have a bite at it. These Barbarous Customs were used amongst -them more frequently before the _English_ came; but since by the -great mercy of the Almighty they are in a way to be Civilized and -converted to Christianity; there being three Churches of _Indians_ -gathered together by the pains of Mr. _John Eliot_ and his Son, who -Preaches to them in their Native language, and hath rendered the -Bible in that Language for the benefit of [p. 149.] the _Indians_. -These go clothed like the _English_, live in framed houses, have -stocks of Corn and Cattle about them, which when they are fat they -bring to the _English_ Markets, the Hogs that they rear are counted -the best in _New-England_. Some of their Sons have been brought up -Scholars in _Harvard_ Colledge, and I was told that there was but -two Fellowes in that Colledge, and one of them was an _Indian_; -some few of these Christian _Indians_ have of late Apostatized and -fallen back to their old Superstition and course of life. - -Thus much shall suffice concerning _New-England_, as it was when -the _Indians_ solely possest it. I will now proceed to give you an -accompt of it, as it is under the management of the _English_; but -methinks I hear my sceptick Readers muttering out of their scuttle -mouths, what will accrew to us by this rambling _Logodiarce_? -you do but bring straw into _Egypt_, a Countrey abounding with -Corn. Thus by these _Famacides_ who are so minutely curious, I -am dejected from my hope, whilst they challenge the freedom of -_David’s_ Ruffins, Our Tongues are our own, who-shall controll -us. I have done what I can to please you, I have piped and you -will not dance. I have told you as strange things as ever you or -your Fathers [p. 150.] have heard. The _Italian_ saith _Chi vide -un miraculo facilmente ne crede un altro_, he that hath seen one -miracle will easilie believe another, _miranda canunt sed non -credenda poetæ_. Oh I see the pad, you never heard nor saw the -like, therefore you do not believe me; well Sirs I shall not strain -your belief any further, the following Relation I hope will be more -tolerable, yet I could (it is possible) insert as wonderful things -as any my pen hath yet gone over, and may, but it must be upon -condition you will not put me to the proof of it. _Nemo tenetur ad -impossibilia_, no man is obliged to do more than is in his power, -is a rule in law. To be short; if you cannot with the _Bee_ gather -the honey, with the Spider suck out the poyson, as Sir _John Davis_ -hath it. - - _The Bee and Spider by a divers power - Suck honey and poyson from the self-same flower._ - -I am confident you will get but little poyson here, no ’tis the -poyson of _Asps_ under your tongue that swells you: truly, I do -take you rather to be Spider catchers than Spiders, such as will -not laudably imploy themselves, nor suffer others; you may well -say _non amo hominem, sed non possum_ [p. 151.] _dicere quare_, -unless it be because I am a Veronessa, no Romancer. To conclude; -if with your mother wit, you can mend the matter, take pen in -hand and fall to work, do your Countrey some service as I have -done according to my Talent. Henceforth you are to expect no more -Relations from me. I am now return’d into my Native Countrey, and -by the providence of the Almighty, and the bounty of my Royal -Soveraigness am disposed to a holy quiet of study and meditation -for the good of my soul; and being blessed with a transmentitation -or change of mind, and weaned from the world, may take up for my -word, _non est mortale quod opto_. If what I have done is thought -uprears for the approvement of those to whom it is intended, I -shall be more than meanly contented. - -_New-England_ was first discovered by _John Cabota_ and his Son -_Sebastian_ in _Anno Dom._ 1514. A further discovery afterwards -was made by the honourable Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Knight in _Anno_ -1584. when as _Virginia_ was discovered, which together with -_Mary-land_, _New-England_, _Nova Scotia_ was known by one common -name to the _Indians_, _Wingandicoa_, and by Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ -in honour of our Virgin Queen, in whose name he took possession -of it, _Virginia_. In [p. 152.] King _James_ his Reign it was -divided into Provinces as is before named. In 1602. these north -parts were further discovered by Capt. _Bartholomew Gosnold_. The -first _English_ that planted there, set down not far from the -_Narragansets-Bay_, and called their Colony _Plimouth_, since old -_Plimouth_, _An. Dom._ 1602. Sir _John Popham_ Lord chief Justice -authorized by his Majesty, King _James_, sent a Colony of _English_ -to _Sagadehock_, _An._ 1606. _Newfound-land_ was discovered by -one _Andrew Thorn_ an English man in _Anno_ 1527. Sir _Humphrey -Gilbert_ a west Countrey Knight took possession of it in the Queens -name, _Anno_ 1582. The two first Colonies in _New-England_ failing, -there was a fresh supply of _English_ who set down in other parts -of the Countrey, and have continued in a flourishing condition to -this day. - -The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies, and for your -better understanding observe, a Colony is a sort of people that -come to inhabit a place before not inhabited, or _Colonus quasi_, -because they should be Tillers of the Earth. From hence by an usual -figure the Countrey where they sit down, is called a Colony or -Plantation. - -The first of these that I shall relate of, though last in -possession of the _English_, is now our most Southerly Colony, and -next [p. 153.] adjoyning to _Mary-land_, _scil._ the _Manadaes_ -or _Manahanent_ lying upon the great River _Mohegan_, which was -first discovered by Mr. _Hudson_, and sold presently by him to -the _Dutch_ without Authority from his Soveraign the King of -_England_, _Anno_ 1608. The _Dutch_ in 1614 began to plant there, -and call’d it _New-Netherlands_, but Sir _Samuel Argal_ Governour -of _Virginia_ routed them, the _Dutch_ after this got leave of -King _James_ to put in there for fresh water in their passage to -_Brasile_, and did not offer to plant until a good while after the -_English_ were settled in the Countrey. In _Anno_ 1664 his Majestie -_Charles_ the Second sent over four worthie Gentlemen Commissioners -to reduce the Colonies into their bounds, who had before incroached -upon one another, who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to -_Manadaes_ or _Manhataes_ took from the _Dutch_ their chief town -then called _New-Amsterdam_, now _New York_; the Twenty ninth of -_August_ turn’d out their Governour with a silver leg, and all -but those that were willing to acknowledge subjection to the King -of _England_, suffering them to enjoy their houses and estates as -before. Thirteen days after Sir _Robert Carr_ took the Fort and -Town of _Aurania_ now called _Albany_; and Twelve days after that, -the Fort and Town [p. 154.] of _Awsapha_, then _De-la-ware_ Castle, -man’d with _Dutch_ and _Sweeds_. So now the _English_ are masters -of three handsome Towns, three strong Forts and a Castle, not -losing one man. The first Governour of these parts for the King of -_England_ was Colonel _Nicols_, a noble Gentleman, and one of his -Majesties Commissioners, who coming for _England_ in _Anno Dom._ -1668 as I take it, surrendered the Government to Colonel _Lovelace_. - -The Countrey here is bless’d with the richest soil in all -_New-England_, I have heard it reported from men of Judgement and -Integrity, that one Bushel of _European-Wheat_ hath yielded a -hundred in one year. Their other Commodities are Furs, and the like. - -_New-York_ is situated at the mouth of the great River _Mohegan_, -and is built with _Dutch_ Brick _alla-moderna_, the meanest house -therein being valued at One hundred pounds, to the Landward it is -compassed with a Wall of good thickness; at the entrance of the -River is an Island well fortified, and hath command of any Ship -that shall attempt to pass without their leave. - -_Albany_ is situated upon the same River on the West-side, and is -due North from _New-York_ somewhat above Fifty miles. - -[p. 155.] Along the Sea-side Eastward are many _English_-Towns, as -first _Westchester_, a Sea-Town about Twenty miles from _New-York_; -to the Eastward of this is _Greenwich_, another Sea-Town much about -the same distance; then _Chichester_, _Fairfield_, _Stratford_, -_Milford_, all Sea-Towns twenty and thirty mile distant from one -another, twenty miles Eastward of _Milford_ is _Newhaven_ the -Metropolis of the Colony begun in 1637. One Mr. _Eaton_ being there -Governour: it is near to the shoals of _Cape Cod_, and is one of -the four united Colonies. - -The next Sea-Town Eastward of _Newhaven_ is called _Guilford_ about -ten mile, and I think belonging to that Colony. - -From _Guilford_ to _Connecticut_-River, is near upon twenty -miles, the fresh River _Connecticut_ bears the name of another -Colony begun in the year 1636 and is also one of the four united -Colonies. Upon this River are situated 13 Towns, within two, -three & four miles off one another. At the mouth of the River, -on the West-side is the _Lord-Say_, and _Brooks fort_, called -_Saybrook-fort_. Beyond this Northward is the Town of _Windsor_, -then _Northampton_, then _Pinsers-house_. On the Eastside of the -River, _Hartford_, about it low land well stored with meadow and -very fertile. _Wethersfield_ is [p. 156.] also situated upon -_Connecticut_-River and _Springfield_; but this Town although -here seated is in the jurisdiction of the _Mattachusets_, and -hath been infamous by reason of Witches therein. _Hadley_ lyes to -the Northward of _Springfield_. _New-London_ which I take to be -in the jurisdiction of this Coloney is situated to the Eastward -of _Connecticut_-River by a small River, and is not far from the -Sea. From _Connecticut_-River _long-Island_ stretcheth it self to -_Mohegan_ one hundred and twenty miles, but it is but narrow and -about sixteen miles from the main; the considerablest Town upon it -is _Southampton_ built on the Southside of the Island towards the -Eastern end; opposite to this on the Northernside is _Feversham_, -Westward is _Ashford_, _Huntingdon_, &c. The Island is well stored -with Sheep and other Cattle, and Corn, and is reasonable populous. -Between this Island and the mouth of _Connecticut_-River lyeth -three small Islands, _Shelter-Island_, _Fishers-Island_, and the -Isle of _Wight_. Over against _New-London_ full South lyeth _Block -Island_. - -The next place of note on the Main is _Narragansets-Bay_, within -which Bay is _Rhode Island_ a Harbour for the _Shunamitish_ -Brethren, as the Saints Errant, the Quakers who are rather to be -esteemed Vagabonds, than Religious persons, _&c._ - -[p. 157.] At the further end of the _Bay_ by the mouth of -_Narragansets_-River, on the South-side thereof was old -_Plimouth_ plantation _Anno_ 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea, -South of _Rhode-Island_, lyeth _Martins_ vineyard in the way to -_Virginia_, this Island is governed by a discreet Gentleman Mr. -_Mayhew_ by name. To the Eastward of _Martin’s_ vinyard lyeth -_Nantocket-Island_, and further Eastward _Elizabeths-Island_, these -Islands are twenty or thirty mile asunder, and now we are come to -_Cape-Cod_. - -_Cape-Cod_ was so called at the first by Captain _Gosnold_ and -his Company _Anno Dom._ 1602, because they took much of that fish -there; and afterward was called _Cape-James_ by Captain _Smith_: -the point of the _Cape_ is called _Point-Cave_ and _Tuckers_ -Terror, and by the _French_ and _Dutch_ _Mallacar_, by reason of -the perillous shoals. The first place to be taken notice of on the -South-side of the _Cape_ is _Wests_-Harbour, the first Sea-Town -_Sandwich_ formerly called _Duxbury_ in the Jurisdiction of -_New-Plimouth_. Doubling the _Cape_ we come into the great _Bay_, -on the West whereof is _New-Plimouth-Bay_, on the South-west-end of -this _Bay_ is situated _New Plimouth_, the first _English_-Colony -that took firm possession in this Countrey, which was in 1620, and -the first Town built [p. 158.] therein, whose longitude is 315 -degrees, in latitude 41 degrees and 37 minutes, it was built nine -years before any other Town, from the beginning of it to 1669 is -just forty years, in which time there hath been an increasing of -forty Churches in this Colony (but many more in the rest,) and -Towns in all _New-England_ one hundred and twenty, for the most -part along the Sea-Coasts, (as being wholsomest) for somewhat more -than two hundred miles: onely on _Connecticut_-River (as I have -said) is thirteen Towns not far off one another. - -The other Towns of note in this Colony are _Green-Harbour_ to the -Eastward of _Plimouth_ towards the point of the _Cape_, & therefore -somewhat unaccessible by land, here is excellent Timber for -shipping; then _Marshfield_, _Yarmouth_, _Rehoboth_, _Bridgwater_, -_Warwick_, _Taunton_, _Eastham_, by the _Indians_ called _Namset_. - -The first Town Northeast from _Green-harbor_ is _Sittuate_ in -the jurisdiction of the _Mattachusets_-Colony, more Northward of -_Sittuate_ is _Conchusset_ and _Hull_ a little Burg lying open -to the Sea, from thence we came to _Merton-point_ over against -which is _Pullin-point_. Upon _Merton-point_ (which is on the -Larboard-side) is a Town called _Nantascot_, which is two Leagues -from _Boston_, where [p. 159.] Ships commonly cast Anchor. -_Pullin-point_ is so called, because the Boats are by the seasing -or Roads haled against the Tide which is very strong, it is the -usual Channel for Boats to pass into _Mattachusets-Bay_. - -There is an Island on the South-side of the passage containing -eight Acres of ground. Upon a rising hill within this Island is -mounted a Castle commanding the entrance, no stately Edifice, nor -strong; built with Brick and Stone, kept by a Captain, under whom -is a master-Gunner and others. - -The _Bay_ is large, made by many Islands, the chief _Deere_-Island, -which is within a flight shot of _Pullin-point_, great store -of _Deere_ were wont to swim thither from the Main; then -_Bird_-Island, _Glass_-island, _Slate_-Island, the Governours -Garden, where the first Apple-Trees in the Countrey were planted, -and a vinyard; then _Round_-Island, and _Noddles_-Island not far -from _Charles_-Town: most of these Islands lye on the North-side of -the _Bay_. - -The next Town to _Nantascot_ on the South-side of the _Bay_ -is _Wissaguset_ a small Village, about three miles from -_Mount-wolleston_, about this Town the soil is very fertile. - -Within sight of this is _Mount-wolleston_ or _Merry-mount_, called -_Massachusets_-fields, [p. 160.] where _Chicatabat_ the greatest -_Sagamore_ of the Countrey lived before the plague: here the Town -of _Braintree_ is seated, no Boat nor Ship can come near to it, -here is an Iron mill: to the West of this Town is _Naponset_ River. - -Six miles beyond _Braintree_ lyeth _Dorchester_, a frontire Town -pleasantly seated, and of large extent into the main land, well -watered with two small Rivers, her body and wings filled somewhat -thick with houses to the number of two hundred and more, beautified -with fair Orchards and Gardens, having also plenty of Corn-land, -and store of Cattle, counted the greatest Town heretofore in -_New-England_, but now gives way to _Boston_, it hath a Harbour to -the North for Ships. - -A mile from _Dorchester_ is the Town of _Roxbury_, a fair and -handsome Countrey Town, the streets large, the Inhabitants rich, -replenished with Orchards and Gardens, well watered with springs -and small freshets, a brook runs through it called _Smelt_-River, a -quarter of a mile to the North-side of the Town runs stony River: -it is seated in the bottom of a shallow _Bay_, but hath no harbour -for shipping. Boats come to it, it hath store of Land and Cattle. - -Two miles Northeast from _Roxbury_, and [p. 161.] Forty miles -from _New-Plimouth_, in the latitude of 42 or 43 degrees and 10 -minutes, in the bottom of _Massachusets-Bay_ is _Boston_ (whose -longitude is 315 degrees, or as others will 322 degrees and 30 -seconds.) So called from a Town in _Lincolnshire_, which in the -_Saxons_ time bare the name of St. _Botolph_, and is the Metropolis -of this Colony, or rather of the whole Countrey, situated upon -a _Peninsula_, about four miles in compass, almost square, and -invironed with the Sea, saving one small _Isthmus_ which gives -access to other Towns by land on the South-side. The Town hath -two hills of equal height on the frontire part thereof next the -Sea, the one well fortified on the superficies with some Artillery -mounted, commanding any Ship as she sails into the Harbour within -the still _Bay_; the other hill hath a very strong battery built of -whole Timber and fill’d with earth, at the descent of the hill in -the extreamest part thereof, betwixt these two strong Arms, lyes a -large _Cove_ or _Bay_, on which the chiefest part of the Town is -built to the Northwest is a high mountain that out-tops all, with -its three little rising hills on the summit, called _Tramount_, -this is furnished with a Beacon and great Guns, from hence you -may [p. 162.] overlook all the Islands in the _Bay_, and descry -such Ships as are upon the Coast: the houses are for the most part -raised on the Sea-banks and wharfed out with great industry and -cost, many of them standing upon piles, close together on each side -the streets as in _London_, and furnished with many fair shops, -their materials are Brick, Stone, Lime, handsomely contrived, with -three meeting Houses or Churches, and a Town-house built upon -pillars where the Merchants may confer, in the Chambers above they -keep their monethly Courts. Their streets are many and large, -paved with pebble stone, and the South-side adorned with Gardens -and Orchards. The Town is rich and very populous, much frequented -by strangers, here is the dwelling of their Governour. On the -North-west and North-east two constant Fairs are kept for daily -Traffick thereunto. On the South there is a small, but pleasant -Common where the Gallants a little before Sun-set walk with their -_Marmalet_-Madams, as we do in _Morefields_, &c. till the nine a -clock Bell rings them home to their respective habitations, when -presently the Constables walk their rounds to see good orders kept, -and to take up loose people. Two miles from the town, [p. 163.] -at a place called _Muddy-River_, the Inhabitants have Farms, to -which belong rich arable grounds and meadows where they keep their -Cattle in the Summer, and bring them to _Boston_ in the Winter; -the Harbour before the Town is filled with Ships and other Vessels -for most part of the year. - -_Hingham_ is a Town situated upon the Sea-coasts, South-east of -_Charles-River_: here is great store of Timber, deal-boards, masts -for Ships, white-Cedar, and fish is here to be had. - -_Dedham_ an inland town ten miles from _Boston_ in the County of -_Suffolk_ well watered with many pleasant streams, and abounding -with Garden fruit; the Inhabitants are Husband-men, somewhat more -than one hundred Families, having store of Cattle and Corn. - -The Town of _Waymouth_ lyes open to the Sea, on the East Rocks and -Swamps, to the South-ward good store of _Deer_, arable land and -meadows. - -On the North-side of _Boston_ flows _Charles-River_, which is -about six fathom deep, many small Islands lye to the Bayward, and -hills on either side the River, a very good harbour, here may -forty Ships ride, the passage from _Boston_ to _Charles-Town_ is -by a Ferry worth forty or fifty pounds a [p. 164.] year, and is a -quarter of a mile over. The River _Mistick_ runs through the right -side of the Town, and by its near approach to _Charles-River_ in -one place makes a very narrow neck, where stands most part of the -Town, the market-place not far from the waterside is surrounded -with houses, forth of which issue two streets orderly built and -beautified with Orchards and Gardens, their meeting-house stands on -the North-side of the market, having a little hill behind it; there -belongs to this Town one thousand and two hundred Acres of arable, -four hundred head of Cattle, and as many Sheep, these also provide -themselves Farms in the Country. - -Up higher in _Charles-River_ west-ward is a broad Bay two miles -over, into which runs _Stony-River_ and _Muddy-River_. - -Towards the South-west in the middle of the _Bay_ is a great -Oyster-bank, towards the North-west is a Creek; upon the shore -is situated the village of _Medford_, it is a mile and half from -_Charles-town_. - -At the bottom of the _Bay_ the River begins to be narrower, half -a quarter of a mile broad; by the North-side of the River is -_New-town_, three miles from _Charles-town_, a league and half by -water, it was first [p. 165.] intended for a City, the neatest -and best compacted Town, having many fair structures and handsom -contrived streets; the Inhabitants rich, they have many hundred -Acres of land paled with one common fence a mile and half long, and -store of Cattle; it is now called _Cambridge_ where is a Colledg -for Students of late; it stretcheth from _Charles-River_ to the -Southern part of _Merrimach-River_. - -Half a mile thence on the same side of the River is _Water-town_ -built upon one of the branches of _Charles-River_, very fruitful -and of large extent, watered with many pleasant springs and small -Rivulets, the Inhabitants live scatteringly. Within half a mile -is a great pond divided between the two Towns, a mile and half -from the Town is a fall of fresh waters which conveigh themselves -into the Ocean through _Charles-River_, a little below the fall of -waters they have a wair to catch fish, wherein they take store of -_Basse_, _Shades_, _Alwives_, _Frost-fish_, and _Smelts_, in two -tides they have gotten one hundred thousand of these fishes. They -have store of Cattle and Sheep, and near upon two thousand Acres of -arable land, Ships of small burden may come up to these Towns. - -[p. 166.] We will now return to _Charles-town_ again, where the -River _Mistick_ runs on the North-side of the Town (that is the -right side as beforesaid) where on the Northwest-side of the -River is the Town of _Mistick_, three miles from _Charles-town_, -a league and half by water, a scattered village; at the head of -this River are great and spacious ponds, full of _Alewives_ in the -spring-time, the notedst place for this sort of fish. On the West -of this River is Merchant _Craddock’s_ plantation, where he impaled -a park. - -Upon the same River and on the North-side is the Town of _Malden_. - -The next Town is _Winnisimet_ a mile from _Charles-town_, the -River only parting them, this is the last Town in the still bay of -_Massachusets_. - -Without _Pullin-point_, six miles North-east from _Winnisimet_ is -_Cawgust_, or _Sagust_, or _Sangut_ now called _Linn_, situated at -the bottom of a _Bay_ near a River, which upon the breaking up of -winter with a furious Torrent vents it self into the Sea, the Town -consists of more than one hundred dwelling-houses, their Church -being built on a level undefended from the North-west wind is made -with steps descending [p. 167] into the Earth, their streets are -straight and but thin of houses, the people most husbandmen. At the -end of the _Sandy beach_ is a neck of land called _Nahant_, it is -six miles in circumference. Black _William_ an _Indian_ Duke out -of his generosity gave this to the _English_. At the mouth of the -River runs a great Creek into a great marsh called _Rumney_-marsh, -which is four miles long, and a mile broad, this Town hath the -benefit of minerals of divers kinds, Iron, Lead, one Iron mill, -store of Cattle, Arable land and meadow. - -To the North-ward of _Linn_ is _Marvil_ or _Marble-head_, a small -Harbour, the shore rockie, upon which the Town is built, consisting -of a few scattered houses; here they have stages for fishermen, -Orchards and Gardens, half a mile within land good pastures and -Arable land. - -Four miles North of _Marble-head_ is situated _New-Salem_ (whose -longitude is 315 degrees, and latitude 42 degrees 35 minutes) upon -a plain, having a River on the South, and another on the North, it -hath two Harbours, Winter Harbour and Summer Harbour which lyeth -within _Darbie’s_ fort, they have store of Meadow and Arable, in -this Town are some very rich Merchants. - -[p. 168.] Upon the Northern Cape of the _Massachusets_, that is -_Cape-Ann_, a place of fishing is situated, the Town of _Glocester_ -where the _Massachusets_ Colony first set down, but _Salem_ was the -first Town built in that Colony, here is a Harbour for Ships. - -To the North-ward of _Cape-Ann_ is _Wonasquam_, a dangerous place -to sail by in stormie weather, by reason of the many Rocks and -foaming breakers. - -The next Town that presents it self to view is _Ipswich_ situated -by a fair River, whose first rise is from a Lake or Pond twenty -mile up, betaking its course through a hideous _Swamp_ for many -miles, a Harbour for _Bears_, it issueth forth into a large _Bay_, -(where they fish for _Whales_) due East over against the Islands -of _Sholes_ a great place of fishing, the mouth of that River is -barr’d; it is a good haven-town, their meeting-house or Church -is beautifully built, store of Orchards and Gardens, land for -husbandry and Cattle. - -_Wenham_ is an inland Town very well watered, lying between -_Salem_ and _Ipswich_, consisteth most of men of judgment and -experience _in re rustica_, well stored with Cattle. At the first -rise of _Ipswich_-River in the highest part of the land near the -head [p. 169.] springs of many considerable Rivers; _Shashin_ one -of the most considerable branches of _Merrimach_-River, and also at -the rise of _Mistick_-River, and ponds full of pleasant springs, is -situated _Wooburn_ an inland-Town four miles square beginning at -the end of _Charles-town_ bounds. - -Six miles from _Ipswich_ North-east is _Rowley_, most of the -Inhabitants have been Clothiers. - -Nine miles from _Salem_ to the North is _Agowamine_, the best and -spaciousest place for a plantation, being twenty leagues to the -Northward of _New-Plimouth_. - -Beyond _Agowamin_ is situated _Hampton_ near the Sea-coasts not far -from _Merrimach_-River, this Town is like a _Flower-deluce_, having -two streets of houses wheeling off from the main body thereof, they -have great store of salt Marshes and Cattle, the land is fertil, -but full of Swamps and Rocks. - -Eight miles beyond _Agowamin_ runneth the delightful River -_Merrimach_ or _Monumach_, it is navigable for twenty miles, and -well stored with fish, upon the banks grow stately Oaks, excellent -Ship timber, not inferiour to our _English_. - -On the South-side of _Merrimach_-River [p. 170.] twelve miles -from _Ipswich_, and near upon the wide venting streams thereof is -situated _Newberrie_, the houses are scattering, well stored with -meadow, upland, and Arable, and about four hundred head of Cattle. - -Over against _Newberrie_ lyes the Town of _Salisbury_, where a -constant Ferry is kept, the River being here half a mile broad, the -Town scatteringly built. - -Hard upon the River of _Shashin_ where _Merrimach_ receives this -and the other branch into its body, is seated _Andover_, stored -with land and Cattle. - -Beyond this Town by the branch of _Merrimach_-River called -_Shashin_, lyeth _Haverhill_, a Town of large extent about ten -miles in length, the inhabitants Husbandmen, this Town is not far -from _Salisbury_. - -Over against _Haverhill_ lyeth the Town of _Malden_, which I have -already mentioned. - -In a low level upon a fresh River a branch of _Merrimach_ is -seated _Concord_, the first inland Town in _Massachusets_ patent, -well stored with fish, _Salmon_, _Dace_, _Alewive_, _Shade_, &c. -abundance of fresh marsh and Cattle, this place is subject to -bitter storms. - -[p. 171.] The next town is _Sudbury_ built upon the same River -where _Concord_ is, but further up; to this Town likewise belongs -great store of fresh marshes, and Arable land, and they have many -Cattle, it lyeth low, by reason whereof it is much indammaged with -flouds. - -In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond side, and not far -from _Woeburn_, is situated _Reading_, it hath two mills, a -saw-mill and a Corn-mill, and is well stockt with Cattle. - -The Colony is divided into four Counties, the first is _Suffolk_, -to which belongs _Dorchester_, _Roxbury_, _Waymouth_, _Hingham_, -_Dedham_, _Braintre_, _Sittuate_, _Hull_, _Nantascot_, -_Wisagusset_. The second County is _Middlesex_, to this belongs -_Charles-town_, _Water-town_, _Cambridge_, _Concord_, _Sudbury_, -_Woeburn_, _Reading_, _Malden_, _Mistick_, _Medford_, _Winnisimet_ -and _Marble-head_. To the third County which is _Essex_, belongs -_New-Salem_, _Linn_, _Ipswich_, _New-Berry_, _Rowley_, _Glocester_, -_Wenham_ and _Andover_. The fourth County is _Northfolk_, to this -belongs _Salisbury_, _Hampton_ and _Haverhill_. - -In the year of our Lord 1628, Mr. _John Endicot_ with a number of -_English_ people set down by _Cape-Ann_ at that place called [p. -172.] afterwards _Gloster_, but their abiding-place was at _Salem_, -where they built a Town in 1639. and there they gathered their -first Church, consisting but of Seventy persons; but afterwards -increased to forty three Churches in joynt Communion with one -another, and in those Churches were about Seven thousand, seven -hundred and fifty Souls, Mr. _Endicot_ was chosen their first -Governour. - -The Twelfth of _July_ _Anno Dom._ 1630. _John Wenthorp_ Esq; and -the assistants, arrived with the Patent for the _Massachusets_, -the passage of the people that came along with him in ten Vessels -came to 95000 pound: the Swine, Goats, Sheep, Neat, Horses cost -to transport 12000 pound, besides the price they cost them; -getting food for the people till they could clear the ground of -wood amounted to 45000 pound: Nails, Glass, and other Iron work -for their meeting and dwelling houses 13000 pound; Arms, Powder, -Bullet, and Match, together with their Artillery 22000 pound, the -whole sum amounts unto One hundred ninety two thousand pounds. -They set down first upon _Noddles-Island_, afterwards they began -to build upon the main. In 1637. there were not many houses in -the Town of [p. 173.] _Boston_, amongst which were two houses of -entertainment called Ordinaries, into which if a stranger went, -he was presently followed by one appointed to that Office, who -would thrust himself into his company uninvited, and if he called -for more drink than the Officer thought in his judgment he could -soberly bear away, he would presently countermand it, and appoint -the proportion, beyond which he could not get one drop. - -The Patent was granted to Sir _Henry Rosewell_, Sir _John Young_ -Knight, _Thomas Southcoat_, _John Humphrey_, _John Endicot_, and -_Simon Whitecomb_, and to their Heirs, Assigns, and Associats -for ever. These took to them other Associats, as Sir _Richard -Saltonstall_, _Isaac Johnson_, _Samuel Aldersey_, _Jo. Ven_, -_Matth. Craddock_, _George Harwood_, _Increase Nowell_, _Rich. -Perry_, _Rich. Bellingham_, _Nathaniel Wright_, _Samuel Vasell_, -_Theophilus Eaton_, _Thomas Goffe_, _Thomas Adams_, _Jo. Brown_, -_Samuel Brown_, _Thomas Hutchins_, _Will. Vasell_, _Will. -Pinchon_ and _George Foxcroft_. _Matth. Craddock_ was ordained -and constituted Governour by Patent, and _Thomas Goffe_ Deputy -Governour of the said Company, the rest Assistants. - -That part of _New-England_ granted to [p. 174.] these -fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between a great -River called _Monumach_, alias _Merrimach_, and the often -frequented _Charles-River_, being in the bottom of a _Bay_ called -_Massachusets_, alias _Mattachusets_, alias _Massatusets-bay_; -and also those lands within the space of three _English_ miles, -on the South part of the said _Charles-River_, or any or every -part, and all the lands within three miles to the South-ward part -of the _Massachusets-bay_, and all those lands which lye within -the space of three _English_ miles to the North-ward of the River -_Merrimach_, or to the North-ward of any and every part thereof, -and all lands whatsoever within the limits aforesaid, North and -South, in latitude, and in breadth and length and longitude of -and within all the main land there, from the _Atlantick_ and -Western-Sea and Ocean on the East-part, to the South-Sea on the -West-part, and all lands and grounds, place and places, soils, -woods and wood-groves, Havens, Ports, Rivers, Waters, fishings -and Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the aforesaid lands and -limits, and every part and parcel thereof, and also all Islands -lying in _America_ aforesaid in the said Seas, or either of them -on the Western or Eastern [p. 175.] Coasts or parts of the said -tracts of lands. Also all mines and minerals as well Royal of Gold, -Silver, as others _&c._ With power to rule and govern both Sea and -land, holden of the East manner of _Greenwich_ in _Com. Kent_, in -free and common soccage, yielding and paying to the King the fifth -part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which shall be found at any time. - - -This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fact by the -name of the Governour and Company of the _Mattachusets-bay_ in -_New-England_. - - -That there shall be one Governour, and Deputy-Governour, and -Eighteen Assistants of the same Company from time to time. - - -That the Governour and Deputy-Governour, Assistants and all -other Officers to be chosen from amongst the free-men, the last -_Wednesday_ in _Easter_-term yearly in the general Court. - - -The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true and faithful to -the Government, and to give the same Oath to the other Officers. - - -[p. 176.] To hold a Court once a month, and any seven to be a -sufficient Court. - - -And that there shall be four general Courts kept in Term time, and -one great general and solemn Assembly to make Laws and Ordinances; -So they be not contrary and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of -the Realm of _England_. Their form of Government and what their -Laws concern, you may see in the ensuing Table. - -[p. 177.] - - { { Governour - { { { - { { 1 Magi- { { 1 Counsellers. - { { strates. { { - { { { Assistants. { { 1 of the whole - { 1 { { { Countrey. - { their { { 2 Judges { - { person { { { 2 of each town. - { { - { { - { { { 1 of the { 1 for their protection. - Their { { 2 People. { whole Countrey, { 2 for their provision. - Laws { { { - Con- { { 2 of each { 1 their lands. - cern { { Town, concerning. { 2 their Treasure. - { - { { 1 The - { { 1 Civil { publick { 1 in their personal - { { & they { State, or { inheritances, and - { { concern { 2 Particular { proprieties - { { { persons. { - { { { { 1 Of - { { { 2 in { buying - { { { Whether { 1 either { their { and - { { { between { of Tres- { mutual { selling - { { { the members { passes { com- { - { 2 of { { of { or { merce { 2 Lending - { causes { { their own { 2 of { whether { and - { { { Commonwealth { Capital { in { borrow- - { { 2 Cri- { & they are. { Crimes. { way { ing - { { minal. - { 2 Between { - { Burgesses { - { and the { 1 That we do them wrong. - { people, { - { and forraign { 2 That they do us wrong. - { Nations, { - { whether { - { in case { - -[p. 178.] _Anno Dom._ 1646. they drew up a body of their Laws for -the well ordering of their Commonwealth, as they not long since -termed it. - -The military part of their Commonwealth is governed by one -Major-General, and three Serjeant Majors; to the Major-General -belongeth particularly the Town of _Boston_, to the three Serjeant -Majors belong the four Counties, but with submission to the -Major-General. The first Serjeant Major chosen for the County -of _Suffolk_ was Major _Gibbons_. For the County of _Middlesex_ -Major _Sedgwick_. For the County of _Essex_ and _Northfolk_ Major -_Denison_. - -Every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn general -Court. - -For being drunk, they either whip or impose a fine of Five -shillings; so for swearing and cursing, or boring through the -tongue with a hot Iron. - -For kissing a woman in the street, though in way of civil salute, -whipping or a fine. - -For Single fornication whipping or a fine. - -For Adultery, put to death, and so for witchcraft. - -An _English_ woman suffering an _Indian_ to have carnal knowledge -of her, had an _Indian_ cut out exactly in red cloth sewed [p. -179.] upon her right Arm, and injoyned to wear it twelve moneths. - -Scolds they gag and set them at their doors for certain hours, for -all comers and goers by to gaze at. - -Stealing is punished with restoring four fould, if able; if not, -they are sold for some years, and so are poor debtors. - -If you desire a further inspection to their Laws, I must refer -you to them being in print, too many for to be inserted into this -Relation. - -The Governments of their Churches are Independent and Presbyterial, -every Church (for so they call their particular Congregations) -have one Pastor, one Teacher, Ruling Elders and Deacons. - -They that are members of their Churches have the Sacraments -administred to them, the rest that are out of the pale as they -phrase it, are denyed it. Many hundred Souls there be amongst them -grown up to men & womens estate that were never Christened. - -They judge every man and woman to pay Five shillings _per_ day, who -comes not to their Assemblies, and impose fines of forty shillings -and fifty shillings on such as meet together to worship God. - -[p. 180.] Quakers they whip, banish, and hang if they return again. - -Anabaptists they imprison, fine and weary out. - -The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the hands of the -thorow-pac’d Independents and rigid Presbyterians. - -The grose _Goddons_, or great masters, as also some of their -Merchants are damnable rich; generally all of their judgement, -inexplicably covetous and proud, they receive your gifts but as -an homage or tribute due to their transcendency, which is a fault -their Clergie are also guilty of, whose living is upon the bounty -of their hearers. On Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended -the people in the Galleries come down and march two a breast up one -Ile and down the other, until they come before the desk, for Pulpit -they have none: before the desk is a long pue where the Elders and -Deacons sit, one of them with a mony box in his hand, into which -the people as they pass put their offering, some a shilling, some -two shillings, half a Crown, five shillings according to their -ability and good will, after this they conclude with a Psalm; but -this by the way. - -The chiefest objects of discipline, Religion, [p. 181.] and -morality they want, some are of a _Linsie-woolsie_ disposition, of -several professions in Religion, all like _Æthiopians_ white in -the Teeth only, full of ludification and injurious dealing, and -cruelty the extreamest of all vices. The chiefest cause of _Noah’s_ -floud, Prov. 27. 26. _Agni erant ad vestitum tuum_, is a frequent -Text among them, no trading for a stranger with them, but with a -_Græcian_ faith, which is not to part with your ware without ready -money, for they are generally in their payments recusant and slow, -great Syndies, or censors, or controllers of other mens manners, -and savagely factious amongst themselves. - -There are many strange women too, (in _Salomon’s_ sence) more the -pitty, when a woman hath lost her Chastity, she hath no more to -lose. - -But mistake me not to general speeches, none but the guilty take -exceptions, there are many sincere and religious people amongst -them, descryed by their charity and humility (the true Characters -of Christianity) by their Zenodochie or hospitality, by their -hearty submission to their Soveraign the King of _England_, by -their diligent and honest labour in their callings, amongst these -we may account the Royalists, who are lookt upon with an evil eye, -and [p. 182.] tongue, boulted or punished if they chance to lash -out; the tame _Indian_ (for so they call those that are born in the -Countrey) are pretty honest too, and may in good time be known for -honest Kings men. - -They have store of Children, and are well accommodated with -Servants; many hands make light work, many hands make a full -fraught, but many mouths eat up all, as some old planters have -experimented; of these some are _English_, others _Negroes_: of the -_English_ there are can eat till they sweat, and work till they -freeze; & and of the females that are like Mrs. _Winters_ paddocks, -very tender fingerd in cold weather. - -There are none that beg in the Countrey, but there be Witches too -many, bottle-bellied Witches amongst the Quakers, and others that -produce many strange apparitions if you will believe report, of -a _Shallop_ at Sea man’d with women; of a Ship, and a great red -Horse standing by the main-mast, the Ship being in a small _Cove_ -to the East-ward vanished of a suddain. Of a Witch that appeared -aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mariner who took up the -Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her head with it, the Witch dying of -the wound at home, with such like bugbears and _Terriculamentaes_. - -[p. 183.] It is published in print, that there are not much less -than Ten hundred thousand souls _English_, _Scotch_ and _Irish_ in -_New-England_. - -Most of their first Magistrates are dead, not above two left in the -_Massachusets_, but one at _Plimouth_, one at _Connecticut_, and -one at _New-haven_, they having done their generation work are laid -asleep in their beds of rest till the day of doom, there and then -to receive their reward according as they have done be it good or -evil. Things of great indurance we see come to ruine, and alter, -as great Flouds and Seas dryed up; mighty hills and mountains sunk -into hollow bottoms: marvel not then that man is mortal, since his -nature is unconstant and transitory. - -The Diseases that the _English_ are afflicted with, are the same -that they have in _England_, with some proper to _New-England_, -griping of the belly (accompanied with Feaver and Ague) which -turns to the bloudy-flux, a common disease in the Countrey, which -together with the small pox hath carried away abundance of their -children, for this the common medicines amongst the poorer sort are -Pills of Cotton swallowed, or Sugar and Sallet-oyl boiled thick and -made into Pills, Alloes pulverized [p. 184.] and taken in the pap -of an Apple. I helped many of them with a sweating medicine only. - -Also they are troubled with a disease in the mouth or throat which -hath proved mortal to some in a very short time, Quinsies, and -Impostumations of the Almonds, with great distempers of cold. Some -of our _New-England_ writers affirm that the _English_ are never -or very rarely heard to sneeze or cough, as ordinarily they do in -_England_, which is not true. For a cough or stitch upon cold, -Wormwood, Sage, Marygolds, and Crabs-claws boiled in posset-drink -and drunk off very warm, is a soveraign medicine. - -Pleurisies and Empyemas are frequent there, both cured after one -and the same way; but the last is a desperate disease and kills -many. For the Pleurisie I have given _Coriander_-seed prepared, -_Carduus_ seed, and _Harts-horn_ pulverized with good success, the -dose one dram in a cup of Wine. - -The Stone terribly afflicts many, and the Gout, and Sciatica, for -which take Onions roasted, peeled and stampt, then boil them with -neats-feet oyl and Rhum to a plaister, and apply it to the hip. - -Head-aches are frequent, Palsies, Dropsies, Worms, -Noli-me-tangeres, Cancers, [p. 185.] pestilent Feavers. Scurvies, -the body corrupted with Sea-diet, Beef and Pork tainted, Butter -and Cheese corrupted, fish rotten, a long voyage, coming into the -searching sharpness of a purer climate, causeth death and sickness -amongst them. - -Men and Women keep their complexions, but lose their Teeth: the -Women are pittifully Tooth-shaken; whether through the coldness -of the climate, or by sweet-meats of which they have store, I am -not able to affirm, for the Toothach I have found the following -medicine very available, Brimstone and Gunpowder compounded with -butter, rub the mandible with it, the outside being first warm’d. - -For falling off of the hair occasioned by the coldness of the -climate, and to make it curl, take of the strong water called Rhum -and wash or bath your head therewith, it is an admirable remedie. - -For kibed heels, to heal them take the yellowest part of Rozen, -pulverize it and work it in the palm of your hand with the tallow -of a Candle to a salve, and lay of it to the sore. - -For frozen limbs, a plaister framed with Soap, Bay-salt, and -Molosses is sure, or Cow-dung boiled in milk and applyed. - -For Warts and Corns, bathe them with Sea-water. - -[p. 186.] There was in the Countrey not long since living two men -that voided worms seven times their length. Likewise a young maid -that was troubled with a sore pricking at her heart, still as she -lean’d her body, or stept down with her foot to the one side or -the other; this maid during her distemper voided worms of the -length of a finger all hairy with black heads; it so fell out that -the maid dyed; her friends desirous to discover the cause of the -distemper of her heart, had her open’d, and found two crooked bones -growing upon the top of the heart, which as she bowed her body to -the right or left side would job their points into one and the same -place, till they had worn a hole quite through. At _Cape-Porpus_ -lived an honest poor planter of middle-age, and strong of body, but -so extreamly troubled with two lumps (or wens as I conjectured) -within him, on each side one, that he could not rest for them day -nor night, being of great weight, and swagging to the one side or -the other, according to the motion or posture of his body; at last -he dyed in _Anno_ 1668 as I think, or thereabouts. Some Chirurgeons -there were that proffered to open him, but his wife would not -assent to it, and so his disease was hidden in the Grave. - -[p. 187.] It is the opinion of many men, that the blackness of the -_Negroes_ proceeded from the curse upon _Cham’s_ posterity, others -again will have it to be the property of the climate where they -live. I pass by other Philosophical reasons and skill, only render -you my experimental knowledge: having a _Barbarie-moor_ under cure, -whose finger (prickt with the bone of a fish) was Impostumated, -after I had lanc’d it and let out the Corruption the skin began -to rise with proud flesh under it; this I wore away, and having -made a sound bottom I incarnated it, and then laid on my skinning -plaister, then I perceived that the _Moor_ had one skin more than -_Englishmen_; the skin that is basted to the flesh is bloudy and of -the same Azure colour with the veins, but deeper than the colour -of our _Europeans_ veins. Over this is an other skin of a tawny -colour, and upon that _Epidermis_ or _Cuticula_, the flower of the -skin (which is that Snakes cast) and this is tawny also, the colour -of the blew skin mingling with the tawny makes them appear black. -I do not peremptorily affirm this to be the cause, but submit -to better judgment. More rarities of this nature I could make -known unto you, but I hasten to an end; only a word or two of our -_English_ Creatures and then to Sea again. - -[p. 188.] I have given you an Account of such plants as prosper -there, and of such as do not; but so briefly, that I conceive it -necessary to afford you some what more of them. _Plantain_ I told -you sprang up in the Countrey after the _English_ came, but it is -but one sort, and that is broad-leaved plantain. - -_Gilliflowers_ thrive exceedingly there and are very large, the -Collibuy or humming-Bird is much pleased with them. Our _English_ -dames make Syrup of them without fire, they steep them in Wine -till it be of a deep colour, and then they put to it spirit of -_Vitriol_, it will keep as long as the other. - -_Eglantine_ or sweet _Bryer_ is best sowen with _Juniper-berries_, -two or three to one _Eglantine-berry_ put into a hole made with a -stick, the next year separate and remove them to your banks, in -three years time they will make a hedge as high as a man, which you -may keep thick and handsome with cutting. - -Our _English Clover-grass_ sowen thrives very well. - -_Radishes_ I have seen there as big as a man’s Arm. - -_Flax_ and _Hemp_ flourish gallantly. - -Our _Wheat_ i. e. summer _Wheat_ many [p. 189.] times changeth -into _Rye_, and is subject to be blasted, some say with a vapour -breaking out of the earth, others, with a wind North-east or -North-west, at such time as it flowereth, others again say it is -with lightning. I have observed, that when a land of _Wheat_ hath -been smitten with a blast at one Corner, it hath infected the rest -in a weeks time, it begins at the stem (which will be spotted and -goes upwards to the ear making it fruitless): in 1669 the pond that -lyeth between _Water-town_ and _Cambridge_, cast its fish dead upon -the shore, forc’t by a mineral vapour as was conjectured. - -Our fruit-Trees prosper abundantly, _Apple-trees_, _Pear-trees_, -_Quince-trees_, _Cherry-trees_, _Plum-trees_, _Barberry-trees_. I -have observed with admiration, that the Kernels sown or the Succors -planted produce as fair & good fruit, without graffing, as the -Tree from whence they were taken: the Countrey is replenished with -fair and large Orchards. It was affirmed by one Mr. _Woolcut_ (a -magistrate in _Connecticut_ Colony) at the Captains Messe (of which -I was) aboard the Ship I came home in, that he made Five hundred -Hogsheads of _Syder_ out of his own Orchard in one year. _Syder_ is -very plentiful in the Countrey, ordinarily sold for Ten shillings -a Hogshead. At the [p. 190.] Tap-houses in _Boston_ I have had an -Ale-quart spic’d and sweetned with Sugar for a groat, but I shall -insert a more delicate mixture of it. Take of _Maligo-Raisons_, -stamp them and put milk to them, and put them in an _Hippocras_ -bag and let it drain out of it self, put a quantity of this with a -spoonful or two of Syrup of _Clove-Gilliflowers_ into every bottle, -when you bottle your _Syder_, and your Planter will have a liquor -that exceeds _passada_, the Nectar of the Countrey. - -The _Quinces_, _Cherries_, _Damsons_, set the Dames a work, -_Marmalad_ and preserved Damsons is to be met with in every house. -It was not long before I left the Countrey that I made _Cherry -wine_, and so may others, for there are good store of them both red -and black. - -Their fruit-trees are subject to two diseases, the _Meazels_, which -is when they are burned and scorched with the Sun, and lowsiness, -when the wood-peckers job holes in their bark: the way to cure them -when they are lowsie is to bore a hole into the main root with an -Augur, and pour in a quantity of Brandie or Rhum, and then stop it -up with a pin made of the same Tree. - -The first Neat carried thither was to [p. 191.] _New-Plimouth_ -_Anno_ 1624 these thrive and increase exceedingly, but grow less in -body than those they are bred of yearly. - -Horses there are numerous, and here and there a good one, they let -them run all the year abroad, and in the winter seldom provide -any fother for them, (except it be Magistrates, great Masters and -Troopers Horses) which brings them very low in flesh till the -spring, and so crest fallen, that their crests never rise again. -Here I first met with that excrescence called _Hippomanes_, which -by some is said to grow on the forehead of a foal new cast, and -that the Mare bites it off as soon as foaled; but this is but -a fable. A neighbour at _Black-point_ having a Mare with foal, -tyed her up in his Barn, the next day she foaled, and the man -standing by spied a thing like a foals tongue to drop out of the -foals mouth, which he took up and presented me with it, telling me -withall, that he had heard many wonderful things reported of it, -and that it was rank poyson. I accepted of it gladly and brought -it home with me, when it was dry, it lookt like Glew, but of a dark -brown colour; to omit all other uses for it, this I can assure you -that a piece of it soakt in warm water or cold, will take spots out -of wollen Clothes being rub’d thereon. - -[p. 192.] _Goats_ were the first small Cattle they had in the -Countrey, he was counted no body that had not a Trip or Flock of -_Goats_: a hee-_Goat_ gelt at _Michaelmas_ and turn’d out to feed -will be fat in a moneths time, & is as good meat as a weather. I -was taught by a _Barbary Negro_ a medicine which before I proceed -any further I will impart unto you, and that was for a swelling -under the throat. Take _Goats_ hair and clay and boil them in fair -water to a poultis, and apply it very warm. - -_Sheep_ now they have good store, these and _Goats_ bring forth -two, sometimes three _Lambs_ and _Kids_ at a time. - -_Hoggs_ are here innumerable, every planter hath a Heard, when they -feed upon shell-fish and the like, as they do that are kept near -the Sea and by the fishers stages, they tast fishie and rank; but -fed with white Oak-Acorns, or _Indian_-Corn and Pease there is not -better Pork in the whole world: besides they sometimes have the -_Meazels_, which is known when their hinder legs are shorter than -ordinary. - -_Catts_ and _Dogs_ are as common as in _England_, but our _Dogs_ in -time degenerate; yet they have gallant _Dogs_ both for fowl & wild -Beasts all over the Countrey: the _Indians_ store themselves with -them, being much [p. 193.] better for their turns, than their breed -of wild dogs, which are (as I conceive) like to the _Tasso_-canes -or mountain dogs in _Italy_. - -Of _English_ Poultry too there is good store, they have commonly -three broods in a year; the hens by that time they are three years -old have spurs like the Cock, but not altogether so big, but as -long, they use to crow often, which is so rare a thing in other -Countries, that they have a proverb _Gallina recinit_ a Hen crowes. -And in _England_ it is accounted ominous; therefore our Farmers -wives as soon as they hear a Hen crow wring off her neck, and so -they serve their spur’d Hens, because they should not break their -Eggs with their spurs when they sit. In the year 1637. which was -when I went my first Voyage to _New-England_ a good woman brought -aboard with her a lusty Cock and Hen that had horns like spurs -growing out on each side of their Combs, but she spoiled the breed, -killing of them at Sea, to feed upon, for she loved a fresh bit. - -In _Anno_ 1647/8. Certain _Indians_ coming to our house clad -in _Deere-skin_ coats, desired leave to lodge all night in our -kitchin, it being a very rainie season, some of them lay down in -the middle of the Room, and others under the Table, in the morning -they [p. 194.] went away before any of the people were up; the -poultry had their breakfast usually in cold weather in the kitchin, -and because they should not hinder the passing of the people too -and again, it was thrown under the Table; in the afternoon they -began to hang the wing, in the night the sickest dropt dead from -the perch, and the next day most of them dyed; we could not of a -sudden ghess at the cause, but thought the _Indians_ had either -bewitched, or poysoned them: it came at last into my head, seeing -their Crops very full, or rather much swell’d, to open them, where -I found as much _Deers_ hair as Corn, they that pickt up none of -the hair lived and did well. - -In the year 1667. _October_ the 7th amongst our poultry we had one -white game Cock of the _French_ kind, a bird of high price, when he -was three years old he drooped and his spirit was quite gone; one -of our _Negro_ maids finding him in the yard dead brought him into -the house and acquainted me with it. I caused her to draw him, when -his guts were all drawn out she put in her hand again and felt a -lump in his body as big as a half-peny loaf, strongly fastned to -his back, and much ado she had to pull it out; I found it to be -a tuff bag, containing stuff like liver, and very heavie, at one -end [p. 195.] of the bag, another little bag filled with a fatty -matter, his gizard, liver, and heart wasted. The Pipe or Roupe is -a common disease amongst their poultry infecting one another with -it. I conceive it cometh of a cold moisture of the brain, they will -be very sleepie with it, the best cure for it is _Garlick_, and -smoaking of them with dryed _Hysope_. - -In _September_ following my Arrivage in the _Massachusets_ about -the twelfth hour of the eight day, I shipt my self and goods in a -Bark bound to the East-ward, meeting as we sailed out the _Dutch_ -Governour of _New-Netherlands_, who was received and entertained -at _Boston_ by the Governour and Magistrates with great solemnity. -About nine of the clock at night we came to _Salem_ and lay aboard -all night. - -The Ninth day we went ashore to view the Town which is a mile long, -and lay that night at a Merchants house. - -The Tenth day we came from _Salem_ about twelve of the clock back -to _Marble-head_: here we went ashore and recreated our selves with -Musick and a cup of Sack and saw the Town, about ten at night we -returned to our Bark and lay aboard. - -The Eleventh being Saturday, and the wind contrary, we came to -_Charles-town_, [p. 196.] again about twelve of the clock we took -store of _Mackarel_. - -The Thirteenth being Monday, we went aboard again about nine of the -clock in the morning and out to Sea, about Sun going down we took -store of _Mackarel_. The - -wind was scanty all along, and in the night time we durst not bear -much sail, because of the Rocks and foaming breakers that lay in -our way. - -The Fourteenth day we came up with _Pascataway_, or _Pascatique_, -where there is a large River and a fair harbour, within here -is seated a Colony, properly belonging to the Heirs of Captain -_Mason_ sometime since of _London_; but taken into the Colony of -_Massachusets_, by what right I will not here discuss. - -The chiefest places of note are the _Bay_ or _Harbour_ North from -_Boston_, on the West-side of the Harbour are built many fair -houses, and so in another part called _Strawberry-bank_. - -By the Harbour is an Island which of late days is filled with -buildings, besides there are two Towns more seated up higher upon -the River, the one called _Dover_; the River-banks are clothed -with stately Timber, and here are two miles meadow land and arable -enough; the other town is called _Excester_. - -[p. 197.] At the River _Pascataway_ begins the Province of _Main_: -having pleased our selves with the sight of _Pascataway_ at a -distance we sailed on, and came to _Black-point_. - -The Fifteenth day, about eight of the clock at night, where the -next day I was shrewdly pinched with a great frost, but having two -or three bottles of excellent _Passada_, and good cheer bestowed -upon me I made a shift to bear it out, and now we are in the -Province of _Main_. - -The Province of _Main_, (or the Countrey of the _Traquoes_) -heretofore called _Laconia_ or _New-Summersetshire_, is a Colony -belonging to the Grandson of Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ of _Ashton -Phillips_ in the County of _Sommerset_, the said Sir _Ferdinando -Gorges_ did expend in planting several parts of _New-England_ above -Twenty thousand pounds _sterling_; and when he was between three -and four score years of age did personally engage in our Royal -Martyrs service; and particularly in the Seige of _Bristow_, and -was plundered and imprisoned several times, by reason whereof he -was discountenanced by the pretended Commissioners for forraign -plantations, and his Province incroached upon by the _Massachusets_ -Colony, who assumed the Government thereof. His Majestie that now -Reigneth sent over his [p. 198.] Commissioners to reduce them -within their bounds, and to put Mr. _Gorges_ again into possession. -But there falling out a contest about it, the Commissioners settled -it in the Kings name (until the business should be determined -before his Majestie) and gave Commissions to the Judge of their -Courts, and the Justices to Govern and Act according to the Laws -of _England_, & by such Laws of their own as were not repugnant to -them: But as soon as the Commissioners were returned for _England_, -the _Massachusets_ enter the province in a hostile manner with a -Troop of Horse and Foot and turn’d the Judge and his Assistants -off the Bench, Imprisoned the Major or Commander of the Militia, -threatned the Judge, and some others that were faithful to Mr. -_Gorges_ interests. I could discover many other foul proceedings, -but for some reasons which might be given, I conceive it not -convenient to make report thereof to vulgar ears; _& quæ supra nos -nihil ad nos_. Onely this I could wish, that there might be some -consideration of the great losses, charge and labour which hath -been sustained by the Judge, and some others for above thirty years -in upholding the rights of Mr. _Gorge_ and his Sacred Majesties -Dominion against a many stubborn and elusive people. - -[p. 199.] _Anno Dom._ 1623. Mr. _Robert Gorge_, Sir _Ferdinando -Gorges_ brother had for his good service granted him by Patent -from the Council of _Plimouth_ all that part of the Land commonly -called _Massachusiack_, situated on the North-side of the Bay of -_Massachusets_. - -Not long after this Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ had granted to him by -Patent from the middest of _Merrimack_-River to the great River -_Sagadehock_, then called _Laconia_. - -In 1635. Capt. _William Gorge_, Sir _Ferdinando’s_ Nephew, was -sent over Governour of the Province of _Main_, then called -_New-Summersetshire_. - -Sir _Ferdinando Gorge_ received a Charter-Royal from King _Charles_ -the first the third of _April_ in the Fifteenth of his Raign, -granting to him all that part and portion of _New-England_, lying -and being between the River of _Pascataway_, that is, beginning at -the entrance of _Pascataway-harbour_, and so to pass up the same -into the River of _Newichawanoe_ or _Neqhechewanck_, and through -the same unto the farthest head thereof aforesaid, North-eastward -along the Sea-coasts, for Sixty miles to _Sagadehoc_-River to -_Kenebeck_, even as far as the head thereof, and up into the main -land North-westward for the space of one hundred and twenty [p. -200.] miles. To these Territories are adjoyned the North half-Isle -of _Sholes_, with several other Islands, it lyeth between 44 -degrees and 45 of Northerly latitude. The River _Canada_ on the -North-east the Sea coast South, amongst many large Royalties, -Jurisdictions and Immunities was also granted to the said Sir -_Ferdinando Gorge_, the same Royalties, priviledges and franchises -as are, or of right ought to be enjoyed by the Bishop of _Durham_ -in the County Palatine of _Durham_; the planters to pay for every -hundred Acres of land yearly, two shillings six pence, that is such -land as is given to them and their Heirs for ever. - -The Officers by Patent are a Deputy Governour, a Chancellor, a -Treasurer, a Marshal for Souldiers, an Admiraltie for Sea affairs, -and a Judge of the Admiraltie, a Master of Ordinance, a Secretary, -_&c._ - -Towns there are not many in this province. _Kittery_ situated not -far from _Pascataway_ is the most populous. - -Next to that Eastward is seated by a River near the Sea _Gorgiana_, -a Majoraltie, and the Metropolitan of the province. - -Further to the Eastward is the Town of _Wells_. - -_Cape-Porpus_ Eastward of that, where there is a Town by the Sea -side of the same name, [p. 201.] the houses scatteringly built, all -these Towns have store of salt and fresh marsh with arable land, -and are well stockt with Cattle. - -About eight or nine mile to the East-ward of _Cape-Porpus_, is -_Winter harbour_, a noted place for Fishers, here they have many -stages. - -_Saco_ adjoyns to this, and both make one scattering Town of large -extent, well stored with Cattle, arable land and marshes, and a -Saw-mill. - -Six mile to the Eastward of _Saco_ & forty mile from _Gorgiana_ -is seated the Town of _Black point_, consisting of about fifty -dwelling houses, and a Magazine or _Doganne_, scatteringly built, -they have store of neat and horses, of sheep near upon Seven -or Eight hundred, much arable and marsh salt and fresh, and a -Corn-mill. - -To the Southward of the _point_ (upon which are stages for -fishermen) lye two small Islands beyond the point, North-eastward -runs the River _Spurwinch_. - -Four miles from _Black-point_, one mile from _Spurwinch_-River -Eastward lyeth _Richmans-Island_, whose longitude is 317 degrees 30 -seconds, and latitude 43 degrees and 34 minutes, it is three mile -in circumference, and hath a passable and gravelly ford on the [p. -202.] North-side, between the main and the Sea at low-water: here -are found excellent Whetstones, and here likewise are stages for -fishermen. - -Nine mile Eastward of _Black-point_ lyeth scatteringly the Town -of _Casco_ upon a large Bay, stored with Cattle, Sheep, Swine, -abundance of marsh and Arable land, a Corn-mill or two, with stages -for fishermen. - -Further East-ward is the Town of _Kenebeck_ seated upon the River. - -Further yet East-ward is _Sagadehock_, where there are many houses -scattering, and all along stages for fishermen, these too are -stored with Cattle and Corn lands. - -The mountains and hills that are to be taken notice of, are first -_Acomenticus_ hills, between _Kettery_ and _Gorgiana_, the high -hills of _Ossapey_ to the West-ward of _Saco_ River, where the -princely _Pilhanaw_ Ayries, the white mountains, to the North-ward -of _Black-point_, the highest _Terrasse_ in _New-England_, you -have the description of it in my Treatise of the rarities of -_New-England_. - -A Neighbour of mine rashly wandering out after some stray’d Cattle, -lost his way, and coming as we conceived by his Relation near to -the head spring of some of the branches of _Black-point_ River -or _Saco_-River, [p. 203.] light into a Tract of land for God -knowes how many miles full of delfes and dingles, and dangerous -precipices, Rocks and inextricable difficulties which did justly -daunt, yea quite deter him from endeavouring to pass any further: -many such like places are to be met with in _New-England_. - -The ponds or lakes in this province are very large and many, out -of which the great Rivers have their original; we read of the lake -_Balsena_ that is thirty miles about, here are that come very near -to it, stored with all sorts of fresh water fish; and if you will -believe report, in one of them huge fishes like Whales are to be -seen, and some of them have fair Islands in them. Twelve mile from -_Casco-bay_, and passable for men and horses, is a lake called -by the _Indians_ _Sebug_, on the brink thereof at one end is the -famous Rock shap’d like a _Moose-Deere_ or _Helk_, Diaphanous, and -called the _Moose-Rock_. Here are found stones like Crystal, and -_Lapis Specularis_ or _Muscovia_ glass both white and purple. - -On the East-side of _Black-point_ River, upon a plain, close to -the Sea-bank is a pond two mile in compass, fish it produceth, -but those very small and black, and a number of Frogs and Snakes, -and much [p. 204.] frequented by wild-fowl, _Ducks_, _Teal_, and -wild-_Swins_, and _Geese_, especially spring and fall when they -pass along to the South-ward, and return again to the North-ward -where they breed. - -The principal Rivers in the province of _Main_, are -_Pascataway_-River, _York_-River, _Kenibunck_-River, near to this -River clay bullets were cast up by a mineral vapour, this River -is by the Town of _Wells_. Then _Saco_-River on the East-side of -the Town, the shore Rockie all along on both sides, where musick -echoes from several places: seven miles up the River is a great -fall where abundance of _Salmon_ and _Lamprons_ are taken at the -fall; a great way up, the River runs upon the Rock, _in rupibus -defendendo efficit rivos_, he cutteth out Rivers among the Rocks, -saith _Job_, of the Almighty, _Job_ 28. 10. A little above the -fall is a saw-mill. Then _Black-point_-River divided into many -branches; this as most of the Rivers in _New-England_, is bar’d -with a bank of Sand, where the _Indians_ take _Sturgeon_ and -_Basse_. _Spur-winck_-River is next, which by his near approach -to _Black-point_-River maketh that neck of land almost an Island. -Further East-ward is _Kenebeck_-river fifty leagues off of -_New-Plimouth_ East-ward, and _Pechipscut_ famous [p. 205.] for -multitudes of mighty large _Sturgeon_. The last river of the -province East-ward is the great river _Sagadehock_ where Sir _John -Pophams_ Colony seated themselves. - -The chief harbours are _Cape-porpus_, _Winter harbour_, in -which are some small Islands, _Black-point_, _Richmans-Island_, -_Casco-bay_ the largest in the province full of Islands. - -From _Sagadehock_ to _Nova-Scotia_ is called the Duke of _Yorkes_ -province, here _Pemmaquid_, _Montinicus_, _Mohegan, apeanawhagen_, -where Capt. _Smith_ fisht for _Whales_; _Muscataquid_, all fill’d -with dwelling houses and stages for fishermen, and have plenty of -Cattle, arable land and marshes. - -_Nova Scotia_ was sold by the Lord _Starling_ to the _French_, and -is now wholly in their possession. - -Now we are come to _New-found-land_, which is over against the gulf -of St. _Lawrence_, an Island near as spacious as _Ireland_, and -lyeth distant from the Continent as far as _England_ is from the -nearest part of _France_, and near half the way between _Ireland_ -and _Virginia_, its longitude is 334 degrees 20 seconds, and North -latitude 46 degrees 30 minutes, or as others will 53 minutes. _The -longitude of places are uncertainly reported, but in latitudes most -agree._ [p. 206.] _Longitude is the distance of the meridian of any -place from the meridian which passeth over the Isles of_ Azores, -_where the beginning of longitude is said to be. The meridian is -a great circle dividing the Equinoctial at right Angles into two -equal parts, passing also through both the Poles, and the Zenith, -to which circle the Sun coming twice every 24 hours, maketh the -middle of the day, and the middle of the night. Every place hath -a several meridian, but they all meet in the poles of the world. -Latitude is counted from the Equinoctial to the end of 30 degrees -on each side thereof. The Equinoctial is a great circle imagined -in the Heavens, also dividing the heavens into two equal parts, -and lying just in the middle betwixt the two poles, being in -compass from West to East, 360 degrees, every degree thereof on the -terrestrial Globe valuing 20 English miles, [leagues?] or 60 miles._ - -Into the Bay of St. _Lawrence_ the River of St. _Lawrence_ or -_Canada_ disimbogues it self, a River far exceeding any River in -the elder world, thirty or forty mile over at the mouth, and in -the Channel one hundred fathom deep; it runs on the back-side -of _New-England_ and _Virginia_: the _French_ (it is said) have -gone up six weeks voyage in it, and have not yet discovered the -spring-head: the longitude is 334 degrees [p. 207.] 11 seconds, in -50 degrees 21 minutes of North latitude. This may satisfie a modest -Reader, and I hope yield no offence to any. I shall onely speak a -word or two of the people in the province of _Main_ and the Dukes -province, and so conclude. - -The people in the province of _Main_ may be divided into -Magistrates, Husbandmen, or Planters, and fishermen; of the -Magistrates some be Royalists, the rest perverse Spirits, the like -are the planters and fishers, of which some be planters and fishers -both, others meer fishers. - -Handicrafts-men there are but few, the Tumelor or Cooper, Smiths -and Carpenters are best welcome amongst them, shop-keepers there -are none, being supplied by the _Massachusets_ Merchants with -all things they stand in need of, keeping here and there fair -Magazines stored with _English_ goods, but they set excessive -prices on them, if they do not gain _Cent per Cent_, they cry out -that they are losers, hence _English_ shooes are sold for Eight -and Nine shillings a pair, worsted stockins of Three shillings six -pence a pair, for Seven and Eight shillings a pair, Douglass that -is sold in _England_ for one or two and twenty pence an ell, for -four shillings a yard, Serges of two shillings or three shillings -a yard, for Six and Seven [p. 208.] shillings a yard, and so all -sorts of Commodities both for planters and fishermen, as Cables, -Cordage, Anchors, Lines, Hooks, Nets, Canvas for sails, _&c._ -Bisket twenty five shillings a hundred, Salt at an excessive rate, -pickled-herrin for winter bait Four and five pound a barrel (with -which they speed not so well as the waggish lad at _Cape-porpus_, -who baited his hooks with the drown’d _Negro’s_ buttocks) so for -Pork and Beef. - -The planters are or should be restless pains takers, providing -for their Cattle, planting and sowing of Corn, fencing their -grounds, cutting and bringing home fuel, cleaving of claw-board -and pipe-staves, fishing for fresh water fish and fowling takes -up most of their time, if not all; the diligent hand maketh rich, -but if they be of a droanish disposition as some are, they become -wretchedly poor and miserable, scarce able to free themselves and -family from importunate famine, especially in the winter for want -of bread. - -They have a custom of taking Tobacco, sleeping at noon, sitting -long at meals some-times four times in a day, and now and then -drinking a dram of the bottle extraordinarily: the smoaking of -Tobacco, if moderately used refresheth the weary much, and so doth -sleep. - -[p. 209.] - - _A Traveller five hours doth crave - To sleep, a Student seven will have, - And nine sleeps every Idle knave._ - -The Physitian allowes but three draughts at a meal, the first for -need, the second for pleasure, and the third for sleep; but little -observed by them, unless they have no other liquor to drink but -water. In some places where the springs are frozen up, or at least -the way to their springs made unpassable by reason of the snow and -the like, they dress their meat in _Aqua Cælestis_, i. e. melted -snow, at other times it is very well cook’t, and they feed upon -(generally) as good flesh, Beef, Pork, Mutton, Fowl and fish as any -is in the whole world besides. - -Their Servants which are for the most part _English_, when they are -out of their time, will not work under half a Crown a day, although -it be for to make hay, and for less I do not see how they can, by -reason of the dearness of clothing. If they hire them by the year, -they pay them Fourteen or Fifteen pound, yea Twenty pound at the -years end in Corn, Cattle and fish: some of these prove excellent -fowlers, bringing in as many as will maintain their masters house; -besides the profit that accrews by their feathers, [p. 210.] They -use (when it is to be had) a great round shot, called _Barstable_ -shot, (which is best for fowl) made of a lead blacker than our -common lead, to six pound of shot they allow one pound of powder, -Cannon powder is esteemed best. - -The fishermen take yearly upon the coasts many hundred kentals of -Cod, hake, haddock, polluck _&c._ which they split, salt and dry -at their stages, making three voyages in a year. When they share -their fish (which is at the end of every voyage) they separate the -best from the worst, the first they call Merchantable fish, being -sound, full grown fish and well made up, which is known when it is -clear like a Lanthorn horn and without spots; the second sort they -call refuse fish, that is such as is salt burnt, spotted, rotten, -and carelesly ordered: these they put off to the _Massachusets_ -Merchants; the merchantable for thirty and two and thirty ryals -a kental, (a kental is an hundred and twelve pound weight) the -refuse for Nine shillings and Ten shillings a kental, the Merchant -sends the merchantable fish to _Lisbonne_, _Bilbo_, _Burdeaux_, -_Marsiles_, _Talloon_, _Rochel_, _Roan_, and other Cities of -_France_, to the _Canaries_ with claw-board and pipe-staves which -is there and at the _Charibs_ a prime Commodity: the refuse fish -they put [p. 211.] off at the _Charib-Islands_, _Barbadoes_, -_Jamaica_, &c. who feed their _Negroes_ with it. - -To every Shallop belong four fishermen, a Master or Steersman, a -Midship-man, and a Foremast-man, and a shore man who washes it out -of the salt, and dries it upon hurdles pitcht upon stakes breast -high and tends their Cookery; these often get in one voyage Eight -or Nine pound a man for their shares, but it doth some of them -little good, for the Merchant to increase his gains by putting off -his Commodity in the midst of their voyages, and at the end thereof -comes in with a walking Tavern, a Bark laden with the Legitimate -bloud of the rich grape, which they bring from _Phial_, _Madera_, -_Canaries_, with _Brandy_, _Rhum_, the _Barbadoes strong-water_, -and _Tobacco_, coming ashore he gives them a taster or two, which -so charms them, that for no perswasions that their imployers can -use will they go out to Sea, although fair and seasonable weather, -for two or three days, nay sometimes a whole week till they are -wearied with drinking, taking ashore two or three Hogsheads of -_Wine_ and _Rhum_ to drink off when the Merchant is gone. If a man -of quality chance to come where they are roystering and gulling in -_Wine_ with a dear felicity, he must be sociable and _Roly-poly_ -with them, taking off [p. 212] their liberal cups as freely, or -else be gone, which is best for him, for when _Wine_ in their guts -is at full Tide, they quarrel, fight and do one another mischief, -which is the conclusion of their drunken compotations. When the -day of payment comes, they may justly complain of their costly -sin of drunkenness, for their shares will do no more than pay the -reckoning; if they save a Kental or two to buy shooes and stockins, -shirts and wastcoats with, ’tis well, other-wayes they must enter -into the Merchants books for such things as they stand in need off, -becoming thereby the Merchants slaves, & when it riseth to a big -sum are constrained to mortgage their plantation if they have any, -the Merchant when the time is expired is sure to seize upon their -plantation and stock of Cattle, turning them out of house and home, -poor Creatures, to look out for a new habitation in some remote -place where they begin the world again. The lavish planters have -the same fate, partaking with them in the like bad husbandry, of -these the Merchant buys Beef, Pork, Pease, Wheat and _Indian_ Corn, -and sells it again many times to the fishermen. Of the same nature -are the people in the Dukes province, who not long before I left -the Countrey petitioned the Governour and Magistrates in [p. 213.] -the _Massachusets_ to take them into their Government, Birds of a -feather will ralley together. - -_Anno Dom._ 1671. The year being now well spent, and the Government -of the province turned topsiturvy, being heartily weary and -expecting the approach of winter, I took my leave of my friends -at _Black-point_. And on the 28 of _August_ being Monday I shipt -my self and my goods aboard of a shallop bound for _Boston_: -towards Sun-set, the wind being contrary, we put into _Gibbons_ his -Island, a small Island in _Winter-harbour_ about two leagues from -_Black-point_ West-ward, here we stayed till the 30. day being -Wednesday, about nine of the clock we set sail, and towards Sun-set -came up with _Gorgiana_, the 31 day being Thursday we put into -_Cape-Ann_-harbour about Sun-set. _September_ the 1 being Saturday -in the morning before day we set sail and came to _Boston_ about -three of the clock in the afternoon, where I found the Inhabitants -exceedingly afflicted with griping of the guts, and Feaver, and -Ague, and bloudy Flux. - -The Eight day of _October_ being Wednesday, I boarded the -new-Supply of _Boston_ 120 Tun, a ship of better sail than defence, -her Guns being small, and for salutation only, the Master Capt. -_Fairweather_, her [p. 214.] sailers 16. and as many passengers. -Towards night I returned to _Boston_ again, the next day being -Thanksgiving day, on Fryday the Tenth day we weighed Anchor and -fell down to _Hull_. - -The 12 and 13 day about 20 leagues from _Cape-Sable_ a bitter storm -took us, beginning at seven of the clock at night, which put us in -terrible fear of being driven upon the _Cape_, or the Island of -_Sables_ where many a tall ship hath been wrackt. - -_November_ the One and twenty about two of the clock afternoon we -saw within kenning before us thick clouds, which put us in hope of -land, the _Boson_ brings out his purse, into which the passengers -put their good will, then presently he nails it to the main-mast, -up go the boyes to the main-mast-top sitting there like so many -_Crowes_, when after a while one of them cryes out land, which was -glad tidings to the wearied passengers, the boyes descend, and the -purse being taken from the mast was distributed amongst them, the -lad that first descryed land having a double share: about three of -the clock _Scilly_ was three leagues off. - -The four and twentieth day we came to _Deal_, from thence the 25. -to _Lee_, the 26. being Sunday we steemed the Tide to _Gravesend_, -about two of the clock [p. 215.] afternoon. The 27 we came up with -_Wollich_ where I landed and refresht my self for that night, next -day I footed it four or five miles to _Bexley_ in _Kent_ to visit a -near kinsman, the next day proved rainie, the 30 day being Fryday -my kinsman accommodated me with a Horse and his man to _Greenwich_, -where I took a pair of Oars and went aboard our Ship then lying -before _Radcliff_, here I lay that night. Next day being Saturday, -and the first of _December_ I cleared my goods, shot the bridge and -landed at the _Temple_ about seven of the clock at night, which -makes my voyage homeward 7 weeks and four days, and from my first -setting out from _London_ to my returning to _London_ again Eight -years Six moneths and odd days. - -Now by the merciful providence of the Almighty, having perform’d -Two voyages to the North-east parts of the Western-world, I am -safely arrived in my Native Countrey; having in part made good the -_French_ proverb, Travail where thou canst, but dye where thou -oughtest, that is, in thine own Countrey. - - -_FINIS._ - - - - - Chronological - - OBSERVATIONS - - OF - - AMERICA, - - From the year of the World - to the year of Christ, - 1673. - - [Illustration: (Decorative icon.)] - - _LONDON_: - - Printed for _Giles Widdowes_, at the _Green-Dragon_ - in St. _Paul’s_-Church-yard, 1674. - - - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - -The Preface. - - -_The Terrestrial World is by our learned Geographers divided -into four parts_, Europe, Asia, Africa _and_ America _so named -from_ Americus Vespucius _the_ Florentine, _Seven years after_ -Columbus; _although_ Columbus _and_ Cabota _deserved rather the -honour of being Godfathers to it: notwithstanding by this name -it is now known to us, but was utterly unknown to the Ancient_ -Europeans _before their times, I will not say_ to the _Africans_ -and _Asians_, for _Plato_ in his _Timeus_ relateth of a great -Island called _Atlantis_, and _Philo_ the _Jew_ in his book _De -mundo_, that it was over-flowen with water, by reason of a mighty -Earthquake; The like happened to it 600 years before _Plato_: thus -was the _Atlantick_ Ocean, caused to be a Sea, _if you will believe -the same Philosopher, who flourished_ 366 _years before the Birth -of our Saviour_. - -America _is bounded on the South with the streight of_ Magellan, -_where there are many Islands distinguished by an interflowing Bay; -the West with the pacifique Sea, or_ mare-del-zur, _which Sea runs -towards the North, separateing it from the East parts of_ Asia; -_on the East with the_ Atlantick, _or our Western Ocean called_ -mare-del-Nort; _and on the North with the Sea that separateth it -from_ Groveland, _thorow which Seas the supposed passage to_ China -_lyeth; these North parts, as yet are but barely discovered by our -voyagers._ - -_The length of this new World between the streights of_ Anian -_and_ Magellan _is_ 2400 German _miles, in breadth between_ Cabo -de fortuna _near the_ Anian _streights is_ 1300 German _miles. -About_ 18 _leagues from_ Nombre de dios, _on the South-Sea lyeth_ -Panama (_a City having three fair Monasteries in it_) _where the -narrowest part of the Countrey is, it is much less than_ Asia, _and -far bigger than_ Europe, _and as the rest of the world divided into -Islands and Continent, the Continent supposed to contain about_ -1152400000 _Acres._ - -_The Native people I have spoken of already: The discoverers -and Planters of Colonies, especially in the North-east parts; -together with a continuation of the proceedings of the_ English -_in_ New-England, _from the first year of their settling there to -purpose, to this present year of our Lord_ 1673. _with many other -things by the way inserted and worth the observing I present unto -your view in this ensuing Table._ - - - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner.)] - - -_Anno Mundi_, 3720. - -B_Ritain_ known to the _Græcians_ as appeared by _Polybius_ the -_Greek_ Historian 265 years before the Birth of our Saviour, & -after him _Athenæus_ a _Greek_ Author of good account 170 before -Christ, relateth that _Hiero_ sent for a mast for a great Ship that -he had built to _Britain_. - -3740. - -_Hanno_ the _Carthaginian_ flourished, who sent to discover the -great Island _Atlantis_, i. e. _America_. - -3873. - -_Britain_ unknown to the _Romans_ was first discovered to them by -_Julius Cæsar_, 54 years before the Birth of Christ, who took it to -be part of the Continent of _France_, and got nothing but the sight -of that part called afterwards _England_, which is the South of -_Britain_. - -_Anno Domini_, 86. - -_Britain_ discovered to be an Island, and conquered by _Julius -Agricola_ 136. years after _Julius Cæsars_ entrance into it. - -99. - -[p. 224.] The Emperour _Trajan_ flourished and stretched the -Confines of the _Roman_ Empire, unto the remotest Dominions of the -_East-Indies_, who never before that time had heard of a _Roman_. - -745. - -_Boniface_ Bishop of _Mens_ a City in Germany, was accused before -Pope _Zachary_ in the time of _Ethelred_ King of the _East-Angles_ -for Heresie, _&c._ in that he averred there were Antipodes. St. -_Augustine_ and _Lactantius_ opinion was that there were none. - -827. - -_Egbert_ the _Saxon_ Monarch changed the name of the people in -_England_, and called them _English-men_. - -844. - -The _Turks_ or _Scythians_ came from thence in the time of -_Ethelwolf_ King of the _West-Saxons_. If the _Ottoman_-line should -fail, the _Chrim Tartar_ is to succeed, being both of one Family. - -959. - -_Edgar_ Sirnamed the Peaceable, the 30 Monarch of the _English_, -caused the Wolves to be destroyed by imposing a Tribute upon the -Princes of _Wales_; and _Fage_ Prince of _North-Wales_ paid him -yearly 300 Wolves, [p. 227.] which continued three years space, -in the fourth year there was not a Wolf to be found, and so the -Tribute ceased. - -1160. - -In the Emperours _Frederick Barbarossa’s_ time, certain -_West-Indians_ came into _Germany_. - -1170. - -_Madoc_ the Son of _Owen Gwineth_ Prince of _North-Wales_ his -voyage to the _West-Indies_, he planted a Colony in the Western -part of the Countrey, in our _Henry_ the Seconds Raign. - -1300. - -_Flavio_ of _Malphi_ in _Naples_ invented the Compass in our -_Edward_ the firsts time. - -1330. - -The _Canaries_ discovered by an _English_ Ship. - -1337. - -In _Edward_ the third’s time a Comet appeared, continuing 30 days. - -1344. - -_Machan_ an _English-man_ accidentally discovered _Madera-Island_. - -1350. - -_Estotiland_ discovered by fishermen of _Freez-land_, in _Edward_ -the third’s Raign. - -1360. - -The Franciscan-Fryer _Nicholas de Linno_, [p. 228.] who is said to -discover the Pole by his black Art, went thither in the Raign of -_Edward_ the Third. - -1372. - -Sir _John Mandivel_, the Great Traveller dyed at _Leige_ a City in -the _Netherland_ Provinces in _Edward_ the Third’s Raign. - -1380. - -_Nicholas_ and _Antonio Zeni_, two Noble Gentlemen of _Venice_ were -driven by Tempest upon the Island of _Estotiland_ or _Gronland_, in -our _Edward_ the Third’s Raign. - -1417. - -The _Canaries_ conquered by _Betan-Court_ a _Frenchman_. - -1420. - -The Island of _Madera_ discovered in our _Henry_ the Fifth’s time. - -1428. - -The Island _Puerto Santo_, or _Holy-port_ distant from _Madera_ 40 -miles, discovered by _Portingal_ Mariners on _All-hallowes-day_, -and therefore called _Holy-port_, it is in compass 150 miles, in -_Henry_ the Sixth’s Raign. - -1440. - -The Island of _Cape de verd_ discovered. - -1452. - -The _Marine_ parts of _Guinea_ discovered by the _Portingals_ in -_Henry_ the Sixth’s Raign. - -1478. - -[p. 229.] _Ferdinando_ first Monarch of all _Spain_. - -1485. - -_Henry_ the Seventh began to Raign. - -1486. - -The Kingdom of _Angola_ and _Congo_, with the Islands of St. -_George_, St. _James_ and St. _Helens_ discovered. - -1488. - -_Christopher Columbus_ a _Genouese_ offered the discovery of the -_West-Indies_ to _Henry_ the Seventh. - -1492. - -_Christopher Columbus_ sent to discover the _West-Indies_ by -_Ferdinando_ King of _Arragon_, and _Isabella_ Queen of _Castile_, -who descended from _Edward_ the Third King of _England_. - -The _Caribby-Islands_ the _Antilles_ or _Canibal_, or -_Camerean-Islands_ now discovered by _Christopher Columbus_, who -took possession of _Florida_ and _Hispaniola_ for the King of -_Spain_. - -1493. - -_Alexander_ the Sixth Pope of _Rome_ a _Spaniard_, took upon him -to divide the world by his Bull, betwixt the _Portingal_ and the -_Spaniard_, bearing date the fourth of _May_, giving to the one the -East, and to the other the West-_Indies_. - -[p. 230.] St. _Jean Porto Rico_ discovered by _Christopher -Columbus_, _Cuba_ and _Jamaica_ discovered by him, this was his -second voyage. - -1495. - -_Sebastian Cabota_ the first that attempted to discover the -North-west passage at the charge of _Henry_ the Seventh. - -1497. - -_Christopher Columbus_ his third voyage to the West-_Indies_, and -now he discovered the Countreys of _Paria_ and _Cumana_, with the -Islands of _Cubagua_ and _Margarita_. - -_John Cabota_ and his Son _Sebastian Cabota_ sent by _Henry_ the -Seventh, to discover the _West-Indies_, which they performed from -the _Cape_ of _Florida_ to the 67 degree and a half of Northerly -latitude, being said by some to be the first that discovered -_Florida_, _Virginia_, and _New-found-land_. - -_Vasques de Gama_ his voyage to _Africa_. - -1500. - -_Christopher Columbus_ his fourth and last voyage to the -_West-Indies_. - -_Jasper Corteriaglis_ a _Portugal_, his voyage to discover -the North-West passage, he discovered _Greenland_, or _Terra -Corteriaglis_, or _Terra di Laborodoro_. - -1501. - -_Americus Vesputius_ a _Florentine_ imployed by the King of -_Castile_ and _Portingal_, to discover [p. 231.] the _West-Indies_, -named from him Seven year after _Columbus_, _America_. - -1506. - -_Christopher Columbus_ dyed. - -1508. - -_Henry_ the Seventh dyed _August the_ Two and twentieth. - -_Henry_ the Eighth King of England. - -1514. - -_Sebastian Cabota_, the Son of _John_ made further discovery of all -the North-east coasts from _Cape Florida_ to _New-found-land_, and -_Terra Laborador_. - -1516. - -The voyage of Sir _Thomas Pert_ Vice-Admiral of _England_, and -_Sebastian Cabota_, the Eighth of _Henry_ the Eighth to _Brasil_, -St. _Domingo_, and St. _Juan de puerto rico_. - -1520. - -_Ferdinando Magellano_ a noble _Portingal_ set forth to sail about -the world, but was 1521 unfortunately slain. - -1522. - -The _Bermuduz-Isle_ 400 in number, being 500 miles distant from -_Virginia_, and 3300 miles from the City of _London_ in the -latitude 32 degrees and 30 minutes, discovered now accidentally by -_John Bermuduz_ a _Spaniard_. - -1523. - -[p. 232.] _Stephen Gomez_ his voyage to discover the North-west -passage, some will have it in Twenty five. - -1527. - -_New-found-land_ discovered by one _Andrew Thorn_, the Southern -part but 600 leagues from _England_. - -_John de Ponce_ for the _Spaniard_ took possession of _Florida_. - -1528. - -_Nevis_ or _Mevis_ planted now according to some writers. - -1534. - -_Califormia_ questioned, whether Island or Continent, first -discovered by the _Spaniard_. - -_Nova Francia_ lying between the 40 and 50 degree of the -_Artic-poles Altitude_ discovered by _Jaques Carthier_ in his first -voyage, the first Colony planted in _Canada_. - -1536. - -The Puritan-Church policy began now in _Geneva_. - -1542. - -_Monsieur du Barvals_ voyage to _Nova Francia_, sent to inhabite -those parts. - -1548. - -_Henry_ the Eighth dyed. - -_Edward_ the Sixth King of _England_ began to Raign. - -[p. 233.] _Sebastian Cabota_ made grand Pilot of _England_ by -_Edward_ the Sixth. - -1550. - -The sweating sickness in _England._ - -1553. - -_Edward_ the Sixth dyed. - -_Mary_ Queen of _England_ began to Raign. - -Sir _Hugh Willoughby_, and all his men in two Ships in his first -attempt to discover the North-east passage, were in _October_ -frozen to death in the Haven called _Arzima_ in _Lapland_. - -1558. - -Queen _Mary_ dyed. - -_Elizabeth_ Queen of _England_ began to Raign _November_ the -Seventeenth. - -1560. - -_Salvaterra_ a _Spaniard_ his voyage to the North-west passage. - -1562. - -Sir _John Hawkin’s_ first voyage to the _West-Indies_. - -The first expedition of the _French_ into _Florida_, undertaken by -_John Ribald_. - -1565. - -Tobacco first brought into _England_ by Sir _John Hawkins_, but -it was first brought into use by Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ many years -after. - -1566. - -The Puritans began to appear in _England_. - -1569. - -[p. 234.] _Anthony Jenkinson_ the first of the _English_ that -sailed through the _Caspian_-Sea. - -1572. - -Private Presbyteries now first erected in _England_. - -Sir _Francis Drake’s_ first voyage to the _West-Indies_. - -1573. - -The _Hollanders_ seek for aid from Queen _Elizabeth_. - -1576. - -Sir _Martin Frobisher_ the first in Queen _Elizabeths_ days that -sought for the North-west passage, or the streight, or passage to -_China_, and _meta incognita_, in three several voyages, others -will have it in 1577. - -1577. - -_November_ the 17 Sir _Francis Drake_ began his voyage about the -world with five Ships, and 164 men setting sail from _Plimouth_, -putting off _Cape de verde_. The beginning of _February_, he saw no -Land till the fifth of _April_, being past the line 30 degrees of -latitude, and in the 36 degree entered the River _Plates_, whence -he fell with the streight of _Magellan_ the 21 of _August_, which -with three of his Ships he passed, having cast off the other two -as impediments to him, and the _Marigold_ tossed from her General -after [p. 235.] passage was no more seen. The other commanded by -Capt. _Winter_ shaken off also by Tempest, returned thorow the -Streights and recovered _England_, only the _Pellican_, whereof -himself was Admiral, held on her course to _Chile_, _Coquimbo_, -_Cinnama_, _Palma_, _Lima_, upon the west of _America_, where -he passed the line 1579 the first day of _March_, and so forth -until he came to the latitude 47. Thinking by those North Seas to -have found passage to _England_, but fogs, frosts and cold winds -forced him to turn his course South-west from thence, and came to -Anchor 38 degrees from the line, where the King of that Countrey -presented him his Net-work Crown of many coloured feathers, and -therewith resigned his Scepter of Government unto his Dominion, -which Countrey Sir _Francis Drake_ took possession of in the Queens -name, and named it _Nova Albion_, which is thought to be part of -the Island of _Califormia_. - -Sir _Martin Frobisher’s_ second voyage. - -1578. - -Sir _Humphrey Gilbert_ a _Devonshire_ Knight attempted to discover -_Virginia_, but without success. - -Sir _Martin Frobisher’s_ third voyage to _Meta incognita_. -_Freezeland_ now called _West-England_, 25 leagues in length, in -the latitude of 57. - -[p. 236.] Sir _Francis Drake_ now passed the Streights of -_Magellan_ in the Ship called the _Pellican_. - -1579. - -Sir _Francis Drake_ discovered _Nova Albion_ in the South-Sea. - -Others will have Sir _Martin Frobisher’s_ first voyage to discover -the North-west passage to be this year. - -1580. - -From _Nova Albion_ he fell with _Ternate_, one of the Isles of -_Molucco_, being courteously entertained of the King, and from -thence he came unto the Isles of _Calebes_, to _Java Major_, to -_Cape buona speranza_, and fell with the coasts of _Guinea_, where -crossing again the line, he came to the height of the _Azores_, and -thence to _England_ upon the third of _November_ 1580. after three -years lacking twelve days, and was Knighted, and his Ship laid up -at _Deptford_ as a monument of his fame. - -1581. - -The Provinces of _Holland_ again seek for aid to the Queen of -_England_. - -1582. - -Sir _Humphrey Gilbert_ took possession of _New-found-land_ or -_Terra Nova_, in the harbour of St. _John_, for and in the name of -[p. 237.] Queen _Elizabeth_, it lyeth over against the gulf of St. -_Lawrence_, and is between 46 and 53 degrees of the North-poles -Altitude. - -1583. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ in _Ireland_. - -Sir _Humphrey Gilbert_ attempted a plantation in some remote parts -in _New-England_. - -He perished in his return from _New-found-land_. - -1584. - -The woful year of subscription so called by the Brethren, or -Disciplinarians. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ obtained of Queen _Elizabeth_ a Patent for -the discovery and peopling of unknown Countries, not actually -possessed by any Christian Prince. Dated _March_ 25. in the six and -twentieth of her Raign. - -_April_ the 27 following, he set forth two Barkes under the Command -of Mr. _Philip Amedas_ and Mr. _Arthur Barlow_, who arrived on that -part of _America_, which that Virgin Queen named _Virginia_, and -thereof in her Majesties name took possession _July_ the Thirteenth. - -1585. - -Cautionary Towns and Forts in the low-Countreys delivered unto -Queen _Elizabeths_ hands. - -Sir _Richard Greenvile_ was sent by Sir [p. 238.] _Walter Rawleigh_ -_April_ the Ninth, with a Fleet of 7 sail to _Virginia_, and was -stiled the General of _Virginia_. He landed in the Island of -St. _John de porto Rico_ _May_ the Twelfth, and there fortified -themselves and built a _Pinnasse_, &c. In _Virginia_ they left 100 -men under the Government of Mr. _Ralph Lane_, and others. - -Sir _Francis Drake’s_ voyage to the _West-Indies_, wherein were -taken the Cities of St. _Jago_, St. _Domingo Cartagena_, and the -Town of St. _Augustine_ in _Florida_. - -Now (say some) Tobacco was first brought into _England_ by Mr. -_Ralph Lane_ out of _Virginia_. - -Others will have Tobacco to be first brought into _England_ from -_Peru_, by Sir _Francis Drake’s_ Mariners. - -Capt. _John Davies_ first voyage to discover the North-west -passage, encouraged by Sir _Francis Walsingham_, principal -Secretary. - -1586. - -Mr. _Thomas Candish_ of _Trimely_, in the County of _Suffolk_ Esq, -began his voyage in the ship called the _Desire_, and two ships -more to the South-Sea through the Streights of _Magellan_ (and from -thence round about the circumference of the whole earth) burnt -and ransack’d in the entrance of _Chile_, [p. 239.] _Peru_ and -_New-Spain_, near the great Island of _Calformia_ in the South-Sea; -and returned to _Plimouth_ with a pretious booty 1588. _September_ -the Eighth, being the Third since _Magellan_, that circuited the -earth, our _English_ voyagers were never out-stript by any. - -The Natives in _Virginia_ conspired against the _English_. - -The same year Sir _Richard Greenvile_ General of _Virginia_ arrived -there with three ships, bringing relief from Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ -to the Colony. - -Mr. _John Davies_ second voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -1587. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ sent another Colony of 150 persons under the -Government of Mr. _John White_. - -Mr. _John Davies_ third voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -Sir _Francis Drake_, with four ships took from the _Spaniards_ one -million, 189200 Ducats in one voyage. - - -1588. - -Queen _Elizabeth_ opposed her Authority against the Brethrens books -and writings. - -Sir _Francis Drake_ Vice-Admiral of the _English_ Fleet, the -Lord-Admiral bestowed the order of Knight-hood upon Mr. _John_ [p. -240.] _Hawkins_, _Martin Forbisher_ and others, _July_ the Five and -twentieth. - -The _Spanish Armado_ defeated, consisting of 130 ships, wherein -were 19290 Souldiers, 2080 chained Rowers, 2630 great Ordnance, -Commanded by _Perezius Guzman_ Duke of _Medina Sedonia_, and under -him _Johannes Martinus Recaldus_ a great Seaman; The Fleet coming -on like a half-moon, the horns of the front extending one from the -other about 7 miles asunder, it was preparing 15 years, and was -blackt to make it seem more terrible. - -1589. - -The _Portingal_ voyage under the conduct of Sir _Francis Drake_. - -Mr. _Thomas Candish_ now finished his voyage about the world, as -some will have it. - -1590. - -Now Tobacco first used in _England_, as some will have it. - -1591. - -The first _Englishman_ that ever was in the _Bermuduze_ or -_Summer-Islands_, was one _Henry May_. - -The voyage of Capt. _Newport_ to the _West-Indies_, where upon the -coast of _Hispaniola_, he took and burnt three Towns, and Nineteen -sail of ships and Frigats. - -Mr. _Thomas Candish_ last voyage, in which he dyed. - -1593. - -[p. 241.] Sir _Martin Frobisher_ Commander of the _English_ Fleet -slain in the quarrel of _H._ King of _Navarr_. - -The last voyage of Sir _Francis Drake_, and Sir _John Hawkins_ to -the _West-Indies_ with six ships of the Queens, and twelve other -ships and Barks containing 2400 men and boyes, in which voyage they -both dyed, and Sir _Francis Drake’s_ Coffen was thrown over board -near _Porto bello_. - -1594. - -Sir _Robert Duddeley’s_ voyage to _Trinadad_, and the coast of -_Paria_. - -Mr. _James Lancasters_ voyage to _Fernambuck_ the port Town of -_Olinda_ in _Brazil_, in which voyage he took 29 ships and Frigats, -surprized the said port Town, and there found the Cargazon or -fraught of a rich _Indian Carack_, which together with great -abundance of Sugars and Cottons he brought from thence; lading -therewith fifteen sail of tall ships and barks. - -1595. - -The voyage of Sir _Amias Preston_, & Capt. _George Sommers_ to -the _West-Indies_, where they took, sackt, spoiled and abandoned -the Island of _Puerto Santo_, the Island of _Cock_ near [p. 242.] -_Margarita_, the Fort and Town of _Coro_, the stately City of St. -_Jago de leon_, and the Town of _Cumana_ ransomed, and _Jamaica_ -entered. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh’s_ voyage now to _Guiana_, discovered by him. -In which voyage he took St. _Joseph_ a Town upon _Trinidado_. - -The _Sabbatarian_ doctrine published by the Brethren. - -1596. - -The voyage to _Cadez_, Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Rere-Admiral. - -The voyage of Sir _Anthony Sherley_ intended for the Island of -St. _Tome_, but performed to St. _Jago_, _Dominga_, _Margarita_, -along the coast of _Terra Firma_ to the Island of _Jamaica_, -situated between 17 and 18 degrees of the North-poles elevation -(which he conquered, but held it not long) from thence to the -bay of _Hondurus_, 30 leagues up _Rio dolce_, and homeward by -_New-found-land_. - -1597. - -The voyage to the _Azores_, Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Capt. of the -Queens Guard Rere-Admiral. - -_Porto Rico_, taken by the Earl of _Cumberland_. - -1599. - -The Grand _Canary_ taken by the _Dutch_ Commander _Vanderdoes_. - -1600. - -[p. 243.] The Colonies in _Virginia_ supplyed by publick purse. - -1602. - -Queen _Elizabeth_ dyed _March_ the Four and twentieth. - -King _James_ began to Raign. - -The North parts of _Virginia_, i. e. _New-England_ further -discovered by Capt. _Bartholomew Gosnold_, some will have him to be -the first discoverer. - -Capt. _George Weymouth’s_ voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -Divers of our _English_ in the North of _England_ entered into a -Covenant of worshipping of God. - -1603. - -King _James_ came into _England_, the fifth of _April_. - -Monsieur _Champlains_ voyage to _Canada_. - -_November_ the seventeenth Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ Arraigned and -Condemned. - -1604. - -Monsieur _du Point_ and _du Monts_ voyage to _Canada_. - -1605. - -Monsieur _du Point_ and _du Monts_ remove the _French_ habitation -to _Port-Royal_. - -_James Halle’s_ voyage to _Groenland_, and to find out the -North-west passage. - -1606. - -[p. 244.] The province of _Main_ possessed by the _English_ by -publick Authority King _James_, Sir _John Popham_, &c. - -A Colony first sent to _New-England_ by Sir _John Popham_ chief -Justice of the Common pleas. - -_James-town_ founded in _Virginia_. - -_James Halls_ second voyage, to find out the North-west passage. - -Mr. _John Knight_ his North-west voyage, lost his ship sunk by the -Ice. - -A Colony sent to _Virginia_, called by the _Indians Wingandacoa_, -the first that took firm possession there. - -1607. - -_Plimouth_ Plantation in _New-England_ attempted. - -St. _Georges_ Fort built at the mouth of the River _Sagadahoc_, -under the Presidency of Capt. _George Popham_ and Capt. _Ralph -Gilbert_, who built the Fort. - -_James Halls_ third voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -_Hudsons_ first voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -1608. - -_Virginia_ planted. - -A Colony sent to _New-found-land_. - -[p. 245.] Capt. _John Smith_ fished now for _Whales_ at _Monhiggen_. - -_Hudsons_ second voyage to the North-west met a _Mermaid_ in -the Sea. That there be such Creatures see _Plinie_, _Albertus -Magnus_, _Aristotle_, _Elian_, _Theodorus Gaza_, _Alexander_ of -_Alexandria_, _Gorgius Trapozensus_, _Jul. Scaliger_, _Stows Annals -in_ Anno Dom. 1204. at _Oreford_ in _Suffolk_ a _Mareman_ taken. - -1609. - -Sir _Thomas Gales_ and Sir _George Summers_ going to _Virginia_, -suffered shipwrack upon the _Bermudos-Islands_ where they continued -till 1610. - -_Hudsons_ third voyage to _New-found-land_ discovered -_Mohegan_-River in _New-England_. - -The _Dutch_ set down by _Mohegan_-River. - -1610. - -Capt _Whitburns_ voyage to discover the North-west passage, saw a -_Mermaid_ in the harbour of St. _Johns_ at _New-found-land_ by the -River side. - -_Hudsons_ last and fatal voyage to discover the North-west passage, -where he was frozen to death. - -_Dales-gift_ founded in _Virginia_. - -Sundry of the _English_ nation removed out of the North of -_England_ into the _Netherlands_, and gathered a Church at -_Leyden_, where they continued until the year 1620. - -1611. - -[p. 246.] Sir _Thomas Dale_ Governour of _Virginia_. - -The famous Arch-Pirate _Peter Easton_. - -1612. - -_Bermudus_ first planted, and Mr. _R. Moore_ sent over Governour, -the first that planted a Colony in the _Bermudus_. - -_James Halls_ fourth voyage to discover the North-west passage, was -slain by the Savages. - -Capt. _Buttons_ voyage to discover the North-west passage. - -1613. - -_Port-Royal_ destroyed by Sir _Samuel Argol_ Governour of -_Virginia_. - -Mr. _John Rolf_ a Gentleman of good behaviour fell in love with -_Pocahontas_, the only Daughter of _Powhaton_ a King in _Virginia_ -and married her, she was Christened and called the Lady _Rebecca_, -and dyed at _Gravesend_ _Anno Dom._ 1617. Sir _Lewis Stukely_ -brought up her Son _Thomas Rolf_. - -1614. - -_Bermudus_ planted further. - -_Powhatons_ Daughter in _Virginia_ Christened _Rebecca_. - -Capt. _Gibbins_ voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -_New-Netherlands_ began to be planted [p. 247.] upon -_Mohegan_-River, Sir _Samuel Argol_ routed them. - -1615. - -Sir _Richard Hawkins_ voyage into those parts of _New-England_. - -1616. - -Capt. _Gibbins_ second voyage to find out the North-west passage. - -A new supply sent by Capt. _Daniel Tucker_ to the _Bermudus_. - -_Pocahontas_ and Mr. _Rolf_ her Husband went for _England_ with Sir -_Thomas Dale_, and arrived at _Plimouth_ the 12 of _June_. - -1617. - -Sir _Walter Rawleighs_ last and unfortunate voyage to _Guiana_, -where he took St. _Thome_ the only Town of _Guiana_ possessed by -the _Spaniards_. - -1618. - -The Comet or blazing-star whose motion was by some observed to be -from East to West. - -1619. - -Sir _Walter Rawleigh_ beheaded in the Parliament yard. - -_Bermudus-Islands_ divided into Tribes and Cantreds, to each tribe -a Burrough. - -1620. - -The _English_ in _Virginia_ divided into several Burroughs. - -1620. - -[p. 248.] Letters Patents obtained from King _James_ for the -Northern part of _Virginia_ i. e. _New-England_. - -In _July_ sundry of the _English_ set sail from _Holland_ for -_Southampton_. - -_August_ the fift, they set sail from _Southampton_ for _America_, -and arrived the Eleventh of _November_ at _Cape-Cod_, where they -entered into a body politick, and chose one Mr. _John Carver_ their -Governour, calling the place where they settled _New-Plimouth_: -in _January_ and _February_ following was a mortality among the -_English_, which swept away half the Company. - -Mrs. _Susanna White_ delivered of a Son at _new-Plimouth_, -Christened _Peregrine_; he was the first of the _English_ that was -born in _new-England_, and was afterwards the Lieutenant of the -Military Company of _Marshfield_ in _Plimouth_ Colony. - -_New-Plimouth_ built, the first Town in _new-England_. - -_Squanto_ an _Indian_ in _new-England_, carried into _England_ -by Mr. _Hunt_ a Master of a Ship, but brought home again by Mr. -_Dormer_ a Gentleman imployed by Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ for -discovery. - -1621. - -[p. 249.] _April_, Mr. _John Carver_ Governour of _new-Plimouth_ -dyed, and Mr. _William Brandford_ was chosen Governour. - -The Natives in _Virginia_ murdered about 340 _English_. - -1622. - -The Fort at _new-Plimouth_ built: a great drought this Summer, from -_May_ the Third, till the middle of _July_ there was no Rain. - -Mr. _Thomas Weston_ Merchant sent over 67 lusty men who settled -themselves in a part of the _Massachusets-bay_, now called -_Weymouth_. - -The order of the Knights of _Novascotia_ ordained by King _James_ -Hereditarie, they wear an _Orange_ tawny Ribbin. - -Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ Patent for the province of _Main_ in -_New-England_. - -The _Dutch_ tortured the _English_ at _Amboina_, 1623. - -_Westons_ plantation wholly ruined by their disorders. - -Mr. _Robert Gorge_, Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ Brother arrived in -_Plimouth_, and began a Plantation of the _Massachusets-bay_, -having Commission from the Council of _New-England_ to be general -Governour of the Countrey, carrying over one Mr. _Morrel_ a -Minister, [p. 250.] but being discouraged, he returned for -_England_. - -A fire at _Plimouth_, which did considerable dammage, several of -the Inhabitants through discontent and casualties removed into -_Virginia_. - -Three thousand _English_ now upon the _Bermudus_ ten Forts, and in -those ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance. - -1624. - -The number of Magistrates increased to five now at _New-Plimouth_. - -The first neat Cattle carried over into _New-England_ to -_New-Plimouth_ was three Heifers and a Bull. - -1625. - -St. _Christophers-Island_ planted now by the _English_ 25 leagues -in compass, a great many little Rivers, in 17 degrees and 25 -minutes. - -King _James_ dyed in 1625, and King _Charles_ the first began his -Raign _March_ the seven and twentieth. - -1627. - -The first distribution of Lands amongst the Inhabitants of -_New-Plimouth_. - -A Colony of _English_ planted upon the Island of _Barbados_, which -in a short time increased to 20000, besides _Negroes_. - -1628. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ arrived in _New-England_ [p. 251.] with some -number of people, and set down first by _Cape-Ann_, at a place -called afterwards _Gloster_, but their abiding place was at -_Salem_, where they built the first Town in the _Massachusets_ -Patent. - -The _Indians_ at the _Massachusets_, were at that time by sickness -decreased from 30000 to 300. - -_Nevis_ or _Mevis_ planted now by the _English_ 3 or 4000 upon it. - -Mr. _Morton_ of _Merrimount_ taken prisoner by the _Massachusets_, -and sent into _England_. - -1629. - -Three ships arrived at _Salem_ bringing a great number of -passengers from _England_; infectious diseases amongst them. - -Mr. _Endicot_ chosen Governour. - -Mr. _Higginson_, Mr. _Skelton_ and Mr. _Bright_ Ministers -arrived, upon the fift of _August_ was the first Church in the -_Massachusets_ Colony gathered at _Salem_, from which year to this -present year is 45 years, in the compass of these years in this -Colony, there hath been gathered forty Churches, and 120 Towns -built in all the Colonies of _New-England_. - -The Church of _new-Plimouth_, was planted in _New-England_ eight -years before others. - -The book of Common-prayer pleaded [p. 252.] for, and practised in -_Massachusets_ Colony by two of the Patentees, but was at last -prohibited by the Authority there. - -1630. - -The Tenth of _July_, _John Winthorp_ Esq; and the Assistants -arrived in _New-England_, with the Patent for the _Massachusets_, -they landed on the North-side of _Charles_ River, with him went -over Mr. _Thomas Dudley_, Mr. _Isaac Johnson_, Esquires; Mr. -_John Wilson_, Mr. _George Philips_, Mr. _Maverich_ (the Father -of Mr. _Samuel Maverich_, one of his Majesties Commissioners) Mr. -_Wareham_ Ministers. - -The passage of the people in the Eagle, and nine other Vessels to -_New-England_ came to 9500 pounds. The Swine, Goats, Sheep, Neat -and Horses cost to transport 12000 pounds, besides the price they -cost. The _Eagle_ was called the _Arabella_ in honour of the Lady -_Arabella_, wife to _Isaac Johnson_ Esq; they set down first upon -_Noddles-Island_, the Lady _Arabella_ abode at _Salem_. - -Mr. _Isaac Johnson_ a Magistrate of the _Massachusets_, and his -Lady dyed soon after their arrival. - -_John Winthorp_ Esq; chosen Governour, for the remainder of the -year, Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ deputy Governour, Mr. _Simon Broadstreet_ -Secretary. - -[p. 253.] _Charles-town_, the first town built. - -Mr. _Higginson_ Teacher of _Salem_ Church dyed. - -1630. - -A very sharp winter in _New-England_. - -1631. - -Capt. _John Smith_ Governour of _Virginia_, and Admiral of -_New-England_ now dyed in _London_. - -_John Winthorp_ Esq; chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_. Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -Sir _Richard Saltingstall_ went for _New-England_, set down at -_Water-town_. - -Five Churches gathered this year, the first at _Boston_ Mr. _John -Wilson_ Pastor, the second at _Water-town_, by Mr. _Philips_, the -third at _Dorchester_ by Mr. _Maverick_ and Mr. _Wareham_, the -fourth at _Roxbury_ by Mr. _Eliot_, the fifth at _Linn_ by Mr. -_Stephen Batcheler_ their first Teacher. - -Dr. _Wilson_ gave 1000 pound to _New-England_, with which they -stored themselves with great Guns. - -1632. - -_John Winthorp_ chosen Governour, Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy -Governour. - -Sir _Christopher Gardiner_ descended of the house of _Gardiner_ -Bishop of _Winchester_, Knighted at _Jerusalem_ of the Sepulcher, -[p. 254.] arrived in _New-England_ with a comely young woman -his Concubine, settled himself in the Bay of _Massachusets_, -was rigidly used by the Magistrates, and by the Magistrates of -_New-Plimouth_ to which place he retired. - -A terrible cold winter in _New-England_. - -1633. - -Mr. _Edward Winslow_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_. - -The number of Magistrates at _New-Plimouth_ increase to seven. - -An infectious feaver amongst the Inhabitants of _New-Plimouth_, -whereof many dyed. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -Mr. _Thomas Hooker_, _Mr. Hains_ and Mr. _Cotton_ Ministers arrived -in _New-England_ all in one ship, and Mr. _Stone_ and Mr. _William -Collier_ a liberal Benefactor to the Colony of _New-Plimouth_. - -Mr. _John Cotton_ chosen Teacher of the first Church at _Boston_. - -A Church at _Cambridge_ gathered by Mr. _Thomas Hooker_ their first -Pastor. - -Great swarms of strange flyes up and down the Countrey, which was a -presage of the following mortality. - -1634. - -[p. 255.] Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -and Mr. _Roger Ludlow_ Deputy-Governour. - -The Countrey now was really placed in a posture of War, to be in -readiness at all times. - -In the Spring a great sickness among the _Indians_, by the small -pox. - -The _Pequets_ War with the _Narragansets_. - -Mr. _Skelton_ Pastor to the Church at _Salem_ dyed. - -Mr. _John Norton_, and Mr. _Thomas Shepherd_ arrive in -_New-England_. - -A Church gathered at _Ipswich_, the first Pastor Mr. _Nathaniel -Ward_. - -A Church gathered at _Newberry_. - -Capt. _Stone_ turn’d Pirate, at the _Dutch_ plantation. - -The cruel Massacre of Capt. _Stone_ and Capt. _Norton_ at -_Connecticut-River_, by the Pequet _Indians_. - -1635. - -Mr. _John Haines_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ Deputy Governour. - -Mr. _Zachary Sims_ arrived in _New-England_, and Mr. _Richard -Bellingham_. - -[p. 256.] This year Eleven Ministers arrived in _New-England_. - -Mr. _Norton_ Teacher at _Ipswich_, Mr. _Richard Mather_ Teacher at -_Dorchester_. - -Sir _Henry Vain_ Junior, arrived in _New-England_, Mr. _Richard -Saltingstal_, Sir _Richard Saltingstal’s_ Son, Mr. _Roger -Harlackenden_, and _Hugh Peters_. - -_Hugh Peters_ chosen Pastor of _Salem_. - -A Church at _Hartford_ in the Colony of _Connecticut_ now gathered. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_. - -Capt. _William Gorges_, Sir _Ferdinando Gorges_ Nephew sent -over Governour of the province of _Main_, then called new -_Sommersetshire_. - -Saturday the 15 of _August_, an Hurrican or mighty storm of wind -and rain, which did much hurt in _New-England_. - -1636. - -Sir _Henry Vane_ Junior, Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -_John Winthorp_ Esq; Deputy Governour, Mr. _Roger Harlackenden_ -leader of their military Forces. - -Mr. _Edward Winslow_ a _Worcestershire_ man born, chosen Governour -of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -_Connecticut_ Colony planted. - -Mr. _John Oldham_ murthered in his Barque by the _Indians_ of -_Block-Island_. - -[p. 257.] A Church gathered at _Hingham_, Mr. _Peter Hubbord_ -arrived now in _New-England_ Teacher at _Hingham_. - -Mr. _Flint_, Mr. _Carter_, Mr. _Walton_, Ministers arrived now in -_New-England_. - -Mr. _Fenwich_, Mr. _Partrick_, Mr. _Nathaniel Rogers_, and Mr. -_Samuel White_, arrived now in _New-England_. - -A General Court held at _Boston_ against Mrs. _Hutchinson_ the -_American_ Jezabel, _August_ the 30. where the opinions and errors -of Mrs. _Hutchinson_ and her Associats 80 errors were condemned. - -A Counsel at _New-town_ about the same business _October_ the -second, and at _Boston_ again. - -1637. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Wenthorp_ chosen Governour of _Massachusets_ Colony, Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ chosen Deputy Governour. - -_New-haven_ Colony began now, Mr. _Eaton_ chosen Governour, _John -Davenport_ Pastor. - -Mr. _Hopkins_ arrived now in _New-England_. - -A second Church gathered at _Dedham_, Mr. _John Allen_ Pastor. - -The Pequets wars, in which war the _English_ slew and took -prisoners about 700 _Indians_, [p. 258.] amongst which 13 of their -_Sachems_ to the great terror of the Natives, they sent the male -children of the _Pequets_ to the _Bermudus_. - -This year the _Antinomian_ and _Familistical_ errors were broached -in the Countrey, especially at _Boston_. - -A Synod called, which condemned these errors. - -A General Court held at _New-town_ against Mrs. _Hutchinson_ and -the rest. - -Mrs. _Hutchinson_ and others banished by the Magistrates of the -_Massachusets_ Colony. - -A hideous monster born at _Boston_ of one Mrs. _Mary Dyer_. - -Sir _Henry Vane_ and the Lord _Lee_ returned for _England_. - -The Ministers that went for _New-England_ chiefly in the ten first -years, ninety four, of which returned for _England_ twenty seven, -dyed in the Countrey thirty six, yet alive in the Countrey thirty -one. - -The number of ships that transported passengers to _New-England_, -in these times was 298 supposed: men, women and children as near as -can be ghessed 21200. - -The _Spaniards_ took the Island of _Providence_, one of the -Summer-Islands from the English. - -1638. - -[p. 259.] Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new Plimouth_ -Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -A Church now gathered at _Waymouth_, Mr. _Gennor_ Pastor, Mr. -_Newman_ succeeded Mr. _Thomas Thatcher_. - -Three _English_ men put to death at _Plimouth_ for robbing and -murthering an _Indian_ near _Providence_. - -_June_ the second a great and terrible earthquake throughout the -Countrey. - -_Samuel Gorton_ of _Warwick-shire_, a pestilent seducer, and -blasphemous Atheist, the Author of the Sects of _Gortinians_, -banish’d _Plimouth_ plantation, whipt and banished from -Road-Island, banisht the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -Now they set up a Printing-press at _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_. - -This year came over Mr. _William Thompson_, Mr. _Edmund Brown_, Mr. -_David Frisk_. - -Mr. _John Harvard_ the founder of _Harvard_ Colledge at _Cambridge_ -in the _Massachusets_ Colony, deceased, gave 700 pound to the -erecting of it. - -1639. - -[p. 260.] Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ -Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour. - -Mr. _Higginson_ Teacher at _Salem_ Church, _Skelton_ pastor, and -an exhorting Elder. This was the first Church gathered in the -_Massachusets_ Colony, and it increased to 43 Churches in joynt -Communion with one another, and in these Churches were about 7750 -souls. - -Mr. _Herbert Pelham_ now arrived in _New-England_. - -A Church gathered at _Hampton_, Mr. _Daulton_ pastor, and Mr. -_Batcheler_ Teacher. - -Another Church gathered at _Salisbury_. - -_October_ the Eleventh and Twelfth, the _Spanish_ Navy was set upon -by the _Hollander_ in the _Downs_, they were in all 60 sail, the -_Spaniards_ were beaten. - -A very sharp winter in _New-England_. - -1640. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -and Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ Deputy Governour. - -[p. 261.] Civil Wars began in _England_. - -Mr. _Huet_ Minister arrived in _New-England_, Mr. _Peck_ and Mr. -_Saxton_. - -A Church gathered at _Braintree_, Mr. _Wheelright_ pastor. - -Mr. _Henry Dunster_ arrived in _New-England_. - -1641. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -Colony, Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy. - -A Church gathered at _Glocester_ in the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -A sharp winter in _New-England_, the harbours and salt bayes frozen -over so as passable for Men, Horses, Oxen and Carts five weeks. - -1642. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -_John Endicot_ Esq; Deputy Governour. - -This Spring Cowes and Cattle fell from 22 pound a Cow, to six, -seven and eight pound a Cow of a sudden. - -A Church now gathered at _Woeburn_ in the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -[p. 262.] Thirteen able Ministers now at this time in -_new-Plimouth_ Jurisdiction. - -_Harvard_-Colledge founded with a publick Library. - -Ministers bred in _New-England_, and (excepting about 10) in -_Harvard_-Colledge, one hundred thirty two; of which dyed in the -Countrey Ten, now living eighty one, removed to _England_ forty -one. _June_ _Warwick_ Parliament Admiral. - -1643. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of the _new-Plimouth_ -Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy Governour. - -_May_ 19. the first Combination of the four united Colonies, _viz._ -_Plimouth_, _Massachusets_, _Connecticut_, and _new-haven_. - -1644. - -Mr. _Edward Winslow_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -_John Endicot_ Esq; chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -_John Winthorp_ Esq; Deputy Governour. - -A Church gathered at _Haveril_. Mr. _Roger Harlackendin_ dyed about -this time. - -A Church gathered at _Reading_ in _New-England_. - -A Church gathered at _Wenham_, both in the _Massachusets_ Colony. - -[p. 263.] The Town of _Eastham_ erected now by some in _Plimouth_. - -1645. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -and Mr. _John Winthorp_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _John Endicot_ major -General. - -A Church gathered at _Springfield_. - -1646. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_, Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ Deputy and Mr. _John Endicot_ major General. - -Two Suns appeared towards the latter end of the year. - -This year they drew up a body of Laws for the well ordering of -their Commonwealth (as they termed it) printed in 1648. - -Three men of War arrived in _new-Plimouth_ harbour under the -Command of Capt. _Thomas Cromwell_, richly laden, a mutiny amongst -the Sea-men, whereby one man was killed. - -The second Synod at _Cambridge_ touching the duty and power of -magistrates in matters of Religion. - -[p. 264.] Secondly, the nature and power of Synods. - -Mr. _John Eliot_ first preached to the _Indians_ in their Native -language, the principal Instruments of converting the _Indians_, -Mr. _John Eliot_ Senior, Mr. _John Eliot_ Junior, Mr. _Thomas -Mayhew_, Mr. _Pierson_, Mr. _Brown_, Mr. _James_, and Mr. _Cotton_. - -1647. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -Mr. _John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ Colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, and Mr. _John Endicot_ Major -General. - -Now Mr. _Thomas Hooker_ pastor of the Church at _Hertford_ dyed. - -The _Tartars_ over-run _China_. - -1648. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ Colony. - -_John Winthorp_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, Mr. -_Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _John Endicot_ major General. - -A Church gathered at _Andover_. - -A Church gathered at _Malden_ Mr. _Sarjant_ pastor. - -A second Church gathered at _Boston_. - -A third Synod at _Cambridge_ publishing the platform of Discipline. - -[p. 265.] _Jan._ 30. King _Charles_ the first murdered. - -_Charles_ the Second began his Raign. - -Their Laws in the _Massachusets_ colony printed. - -1649. - -_John Winthorp_ Esq; Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony _March_ -the 26 deceased. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -An innumerable Company of _Caterpillars_ in some parts of -_New-England_ destroyed the fruits of the Earth. - -_August_ the 25 Mr. _Thomas Shepherd_ Pastor of _Cambridge_ Church -dyed. - -Mr. _Phillips_ also dyed this year. - -1650. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -A great mortality amongst children this year in _New-England_. - -1651. - -[p. 266.] Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ -colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -The City _Bilbo_ totally cover’d with waters for 15 days, 16 foot -above the tops of the highest houses, the loss was very much to the -whole Kingdom, there being their stock of dryed fish and dryed Goat -the general dyet of _Spain_. - -_Barbados_ surrendred to the Parliament, its longitude 322, -latitude 13 degrees, 17 or 18 miles in compass. - -_Hugh Peters_ and Mr. _Wells_, and _John Baker_ returned into -_England_. - -1652. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -_John Cotton_ Teacher of _Boston_ Church dyed, a Comet was seen at -the time of his sickness hanging over _New England_, which went out -soon after his death. - -[p. 267.] The Spirits that took Children in _England_, said to -be set awork first by the Parliament, and _Hugh Peters_ as chief -Agent, Actor or Procurer. - -1653. - -_Oliver Cromwell_ Usurped the Title of Protector _December_ the -Sixteenth. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Gibbons_ major General. - -Mr. _Thomas Dudley_ Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony dyed, -aged about 77 years at his house at _Roxebury_, _July_ 31. - -A great fire at _Boston_ in _New-England_. - -1654. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Bellingham_ Governour, _Endicot_ Deputy. - -Major General _Gibbons_ dyed this year. - -1655. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. -Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour of the _Massachusets_, _Bellingham_ -Deputy. - -_Jamaica_ taken by the _English_. - -1656. - -[p. 268.] General _Mountague_ taketh _Spanish_ prizes. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony, -Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour of the _Massachusets_, Mr. _Francis -Willowby_ Deputy. - -1657. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _William Bradford_ now dyed. Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour, -_Bellingham_ Deputy. - -Mr. _Theophilus Eaton_ Governour of _New-haven_ colony dyed. - -Fifth monarchy-men rebell. - -The Quakers arrive at _new-Plimouth_. - -1658. - -_Oliver Cromwell_ dyed _September_ the third. - -_Richard Cromwell_ set up. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_, -_Bellingham_ Deputy. - -A great Earth-quake in _New-England_. - -Mr. _Ralph Partrick_ minister at _Ruxbury_ now deceased. - -_John Philips_ of _Marshfield_ slain by thunder and lightning. - -1659. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -[p. 269.] Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony. - -The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Countrey. - -Mr. _Henry Dunster_ first President of _Harvard_ Colledge deceased. - -_Richard Cromwel_ ended _May_ the seventh. - -The Rump Parliament _December_ the six and twentieth put down. - -_William Robinson_, _Marmaduke Stevenson_, and _Mary Dyer_ Quakers -of _Rhod Island_ sentenced to suffer death by Mr. _John Endicot_ -Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, which accordingly was -executed within a day or two, the prisoners being guarded by Capt. -_James Oliver_ with 200 Souldiers to the place of Execution, where -the two men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gallows and -banished. - -1660. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -_John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, Mr. -_Bellingham_ Deputy. - -_James Pierce_ slain by lightning at _new-Plimouth_. - -_May_ the 29 King _Charles_ the Second returned into _England_. - -_June_ the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put upon _England_ -by a Brief for [p. 270.] _New-England_, which as it appeared was -produced before the King came in, but not printed (by Mr. _Leach_ -in _Shoe-lane_) till _June_, pretending that 18 _Turks-men_ of War -the 24 of _January_ 1659/60 landed at a Town, called _Kingsword_ -(alluding to _Charles-town_) three miles from _Boston_, kill’d 40, -took Mr. _Sims_ minister prisoner, wounded him, kill’d his wife and -three of his little children, carried him away with 57 more, burnt -the Town, carried them to _Argier_, their loss amounting to 12000 -pound, the _Turk_ demanding 8000 pound ransom to be paid within -7 moneths. Signed by _Thomas Margets_, _Edward Calamy_, _William -Jenkin_, _William Vincent_, _George Wild_, _Joseph Caryl_, _John -Menord_, _William Cooper_, _Thomas Manton_ Ministers. - -_Hugh Peters_ put to death the 16 of _October_. - -_Thomas Venner_ a Wine-Cooper hang’d drawn and quartered _Jan._ 19. - -1661. - -The fifth Monarchy-men rise at _London_. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Bellingham_ Deputy. - -Major _Atherton_ now dyed in _New-England_. - -1662. - -[p. 271.] Sir _Henry Vane_ beheaded, _June the_ 14. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -_January_ 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in _New-England_, 6 or 7 times -in the space of Three days. - -1662/1663. - -_John Baker_ unduely called Capt. _Baker_, hang’d at Tiburn, -_December_ the 11 of _February_. - -1663. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _Willowby_ Deputy Governour and Mr. _Thomas Leveret_ major -General. - -_April_ the fifth Mr. _John Norton_ Teacher at the first Church in -_Boston_ dyed suddenly. - -Mr. _Samuel Newman_ Teacher at _Rehoboth_ in _New-England_ now dyed. - -Mr. _Samuel Stone_ Teacher of _Hartford_ Church in _New-England_, -now dyed also. - -Several Earth-quakes this year in _New-England_. - -[p. 272.] _Charles Chancie_ batchelor of Divinity and President of -_Harvard_-Colledge in _New-England_. - -1664. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Francis Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Thomas Leveret_ Major -General. - -_May_ the 20 the Kings Commissioners arrived in _New-England_, -_viz._ Sir _Robert Carr_, Colonel _Nicols_, Colonel _Cartwright_ -and Mr. _Samuel Maverich_, with whom came one Mr. _Archdale_ as -Agent for Mr. _Ferdinando Gorges_, who brought to the Colony in -the province of _Main_, Mr. _F. Gorges_ order from his Majesty -_Charles_ the Second, under his manual, and his Majesties Letters -to the _Massachusets_ concerning the same, to be restored unto -the quiet possession and enjoyment of the said province in -_New-England_, and the Government thereof, the which during the -civil Wars in _England_ the _Massachusets_ colony had usurpt, and -(by help of a _Jacobs_ staff) most shamefully encroached upon Mr. -_Gorges_ rights and priviledges. - -The 29 of _August_, the _Manadaes_, called _Novede Belgique_, or -New _Netherlands_, their chief Town New-_Amsterdam_, now called -[p. 273.] New-_Yorke_, Surrendered up unto Sir _Robert Carr_ and -Colonel _Nichols_ his Majesties Commissioners; thirteen days after -in _September_ the Fort and Town of _Arania_ now called _Albany_; -twelve days after that, the Fort and Town of _Awsapha_; then _de la -Ware_ Castle man’d with _Dutch_ and _Sweeds_, the three first Forts -and Towns being built upon the River _Mohegan_, otherwise called -_Hudsons_ River. - -The whole Bible Translated into the _Indian_-Tongue, by Mr. _John -Eliot_ Senior, was now printed at _Cambridge_ in _New-England_. - -_December_ a great and dreadful Comet, or blazing-star appeared in -the South-east in _New-England_ for the space of three moneths, -which was accompanied with many sad effects, great mildews blasting -in the Countrey the next Summer. - -1665. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _new-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony, -Mr. _Francis Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ Major -General. - -Two Comets or blazing-stars appeared in 4 moneths time in -_England_, _December_ 1664. and in _March_ following. - -Mr. _John Endicot_ Governour of the _Massachusets_ [p. 274.] colony -deceased, _March_ the three and twentieth. - -Capt. _Davenport_ kill’d with lightning as he lay on his bed at the -Castle by _Boston_ in _New-England_, and several wounded. - -Wheat exceedingly blasted and mildewed in _New-England_. - -A thousand foot sent this year by the _French_ King to _Canada_. - -Colonel _Cartwright_ in his voyage for _England_ was taken by the -_Dutch_. - -The Isle of _Providence_ taken by the _English_ Buccaneers, _Puerto -Rico_ taken and plundered by the _English_ Buccaneers and abandoned. - -1666. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Francis Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ -major General. - -St. _Christophers_ taken by the _French_. - -_July_ the Lord _Willowby_ of _Parham_ cast away in a _Hurricane_ -about the _Caribby-Islands_. - -The small pox at _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Three kill’d in a moment by a blow of Thunder at _Marshfield_ in -_New-Plimouth_ [p. 275.] colony, and four at _Pascataway_ colony, -and divers burnt with lightning, a great whirlwind at the same time. - -This year also _New-England_ had cast away and taken Thirty one -Vessels, and some in 1667. - -The mildews and blasting of Corn still continued. - -1667. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, and Mr. _Leveret_ -major General. - -Sir _Robert Carr_ dyed next day after his arrival at _Bristow_ in -_England_ _June_ the first. - -Several vollies of shot heard discharged in the Air at _Nantascot_ -two miles from _Boston_ in the _Massachusets_ colony. - -Mr. _John Davenport_ chosen pastor of the Independent Church at -_Boston_. - -In _March_ there appeared a sign in the Heavens in the form of a -Spear, pointing directly to the _West_. - -Sir _John Harman_ defeated the _French_ Fleet at the _Caribbes_. - -Mr. _John Wilson_ Pastor of _Boston_ Church in the _Massachusets_ -colony 37 years now [p. 276.] dyed, aged 79, he was Pastor of that -Church three years before Mr. _Cotton_, twenty years with him, ten -years with Mr. _Norton_, and four years after him. - -1668. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, and Mr. _Leveret_ -major General. - -Mr. _Samuel Shepherd_ Pastor of _Rowley_ Church dyed. - -_April_ the 27 Mr. _Henry Flint_ Teacher at _Braintry_ dyed. - -_July_ the Ninth Mr. _Jonathan Mitchel_ Pastor of the Church at -_Cambridge_ dyed, he was born at _Halifax_ in _Yorkeshire_ in -_England_, and was brought up in _Harvard-Colledge_ at _Cambridge_ -in _New-England_. - -_July_ the Fifteenth, nine of the clock at night an Eclipse of the -moon, till after Eleven darkned nine digits and thirty five minutes. - -_July_ the Seventeenth a great _Sperma Cæti_ Whale Fifty five foot -long, thrown up at _Winter-harbour_ by _Casco_ in the Province of -_Main_. - -_April_ the Third, Fryday an Earthquake in _New-England_. - -1669. - -[p. 277.] Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ major -General. - -Mr. _Oxenbridge_ chosen Pastor of the Independent Church at -_Boston_. - -The wonderful burning of the mountain _Ætna_, or _Gibella_ in -_Cicilia_ _March_. - -1670. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ chosen Governour of _New-Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour, Mr. _Leveret_ major -General. - -Mr. _Fr. Willowby_ Deputy Governour now dyed. - -At a place called _Kenebunch_, which is in the Province of _Main_, -not far from the River-side, a piece of clay ground was thrown up -by a mineral vapour (as was supposed) over the tops of high oaks -that grew between it and the River, into the River, stopping the -course thereof, and leaving a hole Forty yards square, wherein [p. -278.] were Thousands of clay bullets as big as musquet bullets, -and pieces of clay in shape like the barrel of a musquet. The like -accident fell out at _Casco_, One and twenty miles from it to the -Eastward, much about the same time; And fish in some ponds in the -Countrey thrown up dead upon the banks, supposed likewise to be -kill’d with mineral vapours. - -A wonderful number of Herrins cast up on shore at high water in -_Black-point-Harbour_ in the province of _Main_, so that they might -have gone half way the leg in them for a mile together. - -Mr. _Thatcher_ chosen Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at _Boston_. - -1671. - -Mr. _Thomas Prince_ Governour of new _Plimouth_ colony. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. _Leveret_ Deputy, and major General. - -Elder _Pen_ now dyed at _Boston_, the _English_ troubled much with -griping of the guts, and bloudy Flux, of which several dyed. - -_October_ the Two and twentieth a Ship called the flying _Falcon_ -of _Amsterdam_, arrived at _Dover_, having been out since the first -of _January_ 1669. and been in the South-[p. 279.]Seas in the -latitude of 50 degrees, having sailed 12900 _Dutch_ leagues, the -master told us he made main land, and discovered two Islands never -before discovered, where were men all hairy, Eleven foot in height. - -1672. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ chosen Governour of the _Massachusets_ -colony, Mr. Leveret Deputy, and major General. - -1673. - -Mr. _Richard Bellingham_ Governour of the _Massachusets_ colony now -deceased. - -1674. - -_Thomas Leveret_ chosen Governour. - -Mr. _Simons_ Deputy Governour. - - -_FINIS._ - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - The character ſ (long-form s) has been replaced by the normal s. - A few occurrences of the ‘ct’ ligature have been replaced by the - simple ‘ct’ letter pair. - - The M in Mr. and the S in St. were sometimes italicized. These have - been made normal M and S. - - These errors were present in the original 1674 edition: - Pg 152: ‘in the Fifttenth’ replaced by ‘in the Fifteenth’. - Pg 172: ‘the Sixt Pope’ replaced by ‘the Sixth Pope’. - Pg 204: ‘Ian. 19.’ replaced by ‘Jan. 19.’. - - This error was introduced in the 1865 edition: - Pg 19: ‘Fo rwo Skillets’ replaced by ‘For two Skillets’. - - Other errors have been passed through without change, for example: - Pg 28: The original text of this poem had a blank line between - each line of verse; these have been retained. - Pg 31: Some words are clearly missing from the original text, - after “were wind bound till”. - Pg 205: The intended date is unclear in "at Tiburn, _December_ - the 11 of _February_." - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO -NEW-ENGLAND *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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- font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - -/* custom cover (cover.jpg) */ -.customcover {visibility: hidden; display: none;} -.x-ebookmaker .customcover {visibility: visible; display: block;} - -/* Poetry indents */ -.poetry .indent0 {text-indent: -3em;} -.poetry .indent2 {text-indent: -2em;} -.poetry .indent8 {text-indent: 1em;} - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowe5 {width: 5em;} -.illowe6_25 {width: 6.25em;} -.illowp100 {width: 100%;} -.illowp50 {width: 50%;} - - </style> - </head> - -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Account of Two Voyages to New-England, by John Josselyn</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: An Account of Two Voyages to New-England</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>Made During the Years 1638, 1663</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: John Josselyn</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Editor: William Veazie</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: December 11, 2021 [eBook #66922]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO NEW-ENGLAND ***</div> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>This book was published in 1865. It was, as the Preface notes, a -“literal” and “exact” copy of the original book published in 1674, -and so retained the spelling, the punctuation and the copious -italicizing of the original. (The errata in the 1674 book were -applied.)</p> - -<p>This etext maintains this careful reproduction of the 1674 text, -with some exceptions that are noted at <a href="#TN">the end of the book</a>.</p> - -<p>The page numbers of the 1674 book are embedded in the text and -etext in [ ] brackets; for example [p. 75.]</p> - -<p>The 1865 publisher inserted two corrections in [ ] brackets; they -have been retained in this etext without change:<br /> -<span class="pad1"><a href="#tn-9">page 9</a>: “the Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern”</span><br /> -<span class="pad1"><a href="#tn-157">page 157</a>: “20 English miles, [leagues?] or 60 miles”.</span></p> - -<p>The dates in the book of course accord with the Julian calendar. -Dual dating was (sometimes) used for events between January 1st -and March 25th (the end of a Julian year), for example on <a href="#tn-204a">page -204</a>: “the 24 of <em>January</em> 1659/60 landed at”. -</p> - -<p class="customcover">The cover image was created by the transcriber -and is placed in the public domain.</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="title-1-250" style="max-width: 15.625em;"> - <img class="p6 w100" src="images/title-1-250.jpg" alt="Decorative banner" /> -</div> - -<p class="p2 pfs150">TWO VOYAGES</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs70">TO</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs180 lsp">NEW-ENGLAND.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe5" id="title-2-80"> - <img class="w100" src="images/title-2-80.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="p4 chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<h1> -<em>AN ACCOUNT</em><br /> -<span class="fs60">OF</span><br /> -<span class="fs150 lsp2">TWO VOYAGES</span><br /> -<span class="fs60">TO</span><br /> -<em>NEW-ENGLAND</em>,</h1> - -<p class="p1 pfs150">Made during the years 1638, 1663.</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs120 lsp"><em>By JOHN JOSSELYN, Gent.</em></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe6_25" id="title-3-100"> - <img class="w100" src="images/title-3-100.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="p2 pfs120 lsp2 antiqua">Boston:</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100 lsp">WILLIAM VEAZIE.</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs70">MDCCCLXV.</p> - - -<hr class="p4 chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="p6 pfs90 antiqua">Two Hundred and Fifty Copies printed, Small Quarto.</p> - -<p class="p6 pfs90"><em>Riverside, Cambridge</em>:</p> -<p class="pfs90">Printed by <span class="smcap">H. O. Houghton & Co.</span></p> - - -<hr class="p6 chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_v"></a>[Pg v]</span><br /></p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="pref-1-500" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/pref-1-500.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="p2 nobreak" id="PUBLISHERS_PREFACE">PUBLISHER’S PREFACE.</h2> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/pref-t-100.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p class="drop-cap">The work published by Josselyn in 1672, entitled -“New England’s Rarities discovered,” -which has been reprinted in a similar -form, and as a companion volume to -the present, contains a full and detailed account of the -family of the author, with many curious facts relating to -the personal history of this early explorer of New England; -but it has been thought expedient to prefix to his -narrative a genealogical chart of the family, copied from -a paper among the Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, -the substance of which has been printed in the -“New England Historical and Genealogical Register,” -and which is now kindly furnished for publication by -Samuel G. Drake, Esq. The table now published will -be found generally to confirm the information given in -the account of the family already published.</p> - -<p>The first of the “Two Voyages” of Josselyn, of which -he gives an account in the present work, was undertaken<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vi"></a>[vi]</span> -in the year 1638, only eight years after the settlement of -Boston, and when, to use his own words, “it was rather a -village than a town, there being not above twenty or thirty -houses;” while the second visit of the author to New England -took place in 1663, after an absence of twenty-five -years, and when the town had assumed the proportions of a -flourishing seaport. On this occasion he appears to have -remained in New England for eight years, the principal -part of which was spent on the plantation of his brother, -Henry Josselyn, at Black Point.</p> - -<p>This work is the latest of the author’s productions, -and was not given to the public until 1674. It was reprinted -by the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1833, -and may be found in the third volume of the third series -of their collections. Josselyn’s observations on the natural -history of the country, his descriptions of the various -plants and notices of their medicinal effects, are more full -and exact in the present work than in the “New England’s -Rarities,” printed two years earlier, and must be -considered as among the most valuable of those given by -the early botanists of New England.</p> - -<p>The political and theological opinions of Josselyn were -not in accordance with those generally received in the -Colonies, particularly in the later years of his life. On -this subject, Prof. Tuckerman, in his Introduction to the -work last mentioned, remarks that, “In the account of his -first voyage, there is no appearance of that dislike to the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vii"></a>[vii]</span> -Massachusetts government and people which is observable -in the narrative of the second; and may there not unfairly -be connected with his brother’s political and religious -differences with Massachusetts.” There is sufficient evidence -in this work to show that the sympathies of the -author were enlisted in the royal cause, and there appears -to be little ground for admitting his supposed complicity -in the fruitless insurrection in the north of England in -1663, or his identity with the “Capt. John Jossline” mentioned -by the late Rev. Joseph Hunter in his account of -the family.</p> - -<p>The chronological table appended to his “New-England’s -Rarities” is greatly enlarged in the present work, -and continued to the year 1674.</p> - -<p>In reprinting this rare and curious volume, great care -has been taken to make it a <em>literal</em> and <em>exact copy</em> of the -original, the proofs having been carefully collated with a -copy of the work belonging to the Library of Harvard -College.</p> - -<p class="p1 fs80"><span class="smcap">Boston</span>, <em>June 15, 1865</em>.</p> - - - -<hr class="p4 chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="pfs100">AN</p> - -<p class="pfs240 lsp2">ACCOUNT</p> - -<p class="pfs100">OF TWO</p> - -<p class="pfs240 lsp2">VOYAGES</p> - -<p class="pfs100">TO</p> - -<p class="pfs180">NEW-ENGLAND.</p> - -<p class="negin1">Wherein you have the setting out of a Ship, With the -charges; The prices of all necessaries for furnishing a -Planter & his Family at his first coming; A Description -of the Country, Natives and Creatures; The Government -of the Countrey as it is now possessed by the -<em>English</em>, &c. A large Chronological Table of the most -remarkable passages from the first discovering of the -Continent of <em>America</em>, to the year 1673.<br /><br /></p> - -<hr class="full" /> -<p class="center">By <em>John Josselyn</em> Gent.</p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p class="center">The Second Addition.</p> -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="pfs90">Memner. distich rendred English by Dr. <em>Heylin</em>.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container fs90"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Heart, take thine ease,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Men hard to please</em></div> - <div class="verse indent2"><em>Thou haply might’st offend,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Though one speak ill</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Of thee, some will</em></div> - <div class="verse indent2"><em>Say better; there’s an end.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="p1 pfs90"><em>London</em> Printed for <em>G. Widdowes</em> at the <em>Green Dragon</em> in St.<br /> -<em>Pauls</em> Church-yard, 1675.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="p6 pfs120 lsp2"><em>LICENSED</em></p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100">BY</p> - -<p class="pfs150">Roger L’estrange,</p> - -<p class="p2 negin2x"><em>Novemb.</em> the<br /> -28. 1673.</p> - - -<hr class="p6 chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="lht"> -<p class="p3 pfs100 lsp">TO THE</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp">RIGHT HONOURABLE,</p> - -<p class="pfs100">AND</p> - -<p class="pfs135">MOST ILLUSTRIOUS</p> - -<p class="pfs100">THE</p> - -<p class="pfs150">President & Fellows</p> - -<p class="pfs100">OF THE</p> - -<p class="pfs150 lsp2"><span class="smcap">Royal Society</span>:</p> - -<p class="pfs100">The following Account of Two</p> - -<p class="pfs240 lsp2">VOYAGES</p> - -<p class="pfs100">TO</p> - -<p class="pfs150">New-England,</p> - -<p class="pfs135">Is Most Humbly presented</p> - -<p class="pfs135">By the Authour</p> - -<p class="pfs135 pad8"><em>John Josselyn</em>.</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[Pg 5]</span><br /></p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="rel1-500" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/rel1-500.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - - -<p class="p2 pfs100">A</p> - -<p class="pfs240 lsp">RELATION</p> - -<p class="pfs100">OF TWO</p> - -<p class="pfs180 lsp2">VOYAGES</p> - -<p class="pfs100">TO</p> - -<p class="pfs180">New-England.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="The_first_Voyage"><em>The first Voyage.</em></h2> -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="p2"><img class="drop-cap" src="images/rel2-100.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><em>Anno Dom.</em> 1638. <em>April</em> the 26th being <em>Thursday</em>, -I came to <em>Gravesend</em> and went aboard the -<i>New Supply</i>, <em>alias</em>, the <i>Nicholas of London</i>, a -Ship of good force, of 300 Tuns burden, carrying 20 Sacre -and Minion, man’d with 48 Sailers, the Master <em>Robert -Taylor</em>, the Merchant or undertaker Mr. <em>Edward Tinge</em>, -with 164 Passengers men, women and children.</p> - -<p>[p. 2.] At <em>Gravesend</em> I began my Journal, from -whence we departed on the 26. of <em>April</em>, about Six of -the clock at night, and went down into the <em>Hope</em>.</p> - -<p>The 27. being <em>Fryday</em>, we set sail out of the <em>Hope</em>, and -about Nine of the clock at night we came to an Anchor -in <em>Margaret</em>-Road in three fathom and a half water: by -the way we past a States man of war, of 500 Tun, cast<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -away a month before upon the <em>Goodwin</em>, nothing remaining -visible above water but her main mast top, 16 of -her men were drowned, the rest saved by Fishermen.</p> - -<p>The 28. we twined into the Downs, where Captain -<em>Clark</em> one of His Majesties Captains in the Navy, came -aboard of us in the afternoon, and prest two of our -Trumpeters. Here we had good store of Flounders from -the Fishermen, new taken out of the Sea and living, -which being readily gutted, were fry’d while they were -warm; me thoughts I never tasted of a delicater Fish in -all my life before.</p> - -<p>The Third of <em>May</em> being <em>Ascension</em> day, in the afternoon -we weighed out of the <em>Downs</em>, the wind at <em>E.</em> and ran -down into <em>Dover</em> Road, and lay by the lee, whilst they -sent the Skiffe ashore for one of the Masters mates: by the -way we past <em>Sandwich</em> in the [p. 3.] <em>Hope</em>, <em>Sandown-Castle</em>, -<em>Deal</em>; So we steered away for <em>Doniesse</em>, from thence we -steered <em>S. W. ½S.</em> for the <em>Beachie</em>, about one of the clock -at night the wind took us a stayes with a gust, rain, thunder -and lightning, and now a Servant of one of the passengers -sickned of the small pox.</p> - -<p>The Fifth day in the afternoon we Anchored, the <em>Isle</em> of -<em>Wight</em> <em>W. N. W.</em> 10 leagues off, <em>Beachie</em> <em>E. N. E.</em> 8 -leagues off, rode in 32 fathom water at low water, at 8 -of the clock at night the land over the Needles bore <em>N. -W.</em> 4 leagues off, we steered <em>W.</em> afore the Start, at noon -the Boult was <em>N. W.</em> by <em>W.</em> about 3½ leagues off, we -were becalmed from 7 of the clock in the morning, till -12 of the clock at noon, where we took good store of -<em>Whitings</em>, and half a score <em>Gurnets</em>, this afternoon an infinite -number of <em>Porpisces</em> shewed themselves above water<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -round about the Ship, as far as we could kenn, the night -proved tempestuous with much lightning and thunder.</p> - -<p>The Sixth day being <em>Sunday</em>, at five of the clock at -night the <em>Lizard</em> was <em>N. W.</em> by <em>W.</em> 6 leagues off, and the -<em>Blackhead</em> which is to the westward of <em>Falmouth</em> was <em>N. -W.</em> about 5 leagues off.</p> - -<p>The Seventh day the uttermost part of <em>Silly</em> was <em>N. E.</em> -12 leagues off, and now we began to sail by the logg.</p> - -<p>[p. 4.] The Eighth day, one <em>Boremans</em> man a passenger -was duck’d at the main yards arm (for being drunk -with his Masters strong waters which he stole) thrice, and -fire given to two whole Sacree, at that instant. Two mighty -Whales we now saw, the one spouted water through two -great holes in her head into the Air a great height, and -making a great noise with puffing and blowing, the Seamen -called her a Soufler; the other was further off, about -a league from the Ship, fighting with the Sword-fish, and -the Flail-fish, whose stroakes with a fin that growes upon -her back like a flail, upon the back of the Whale, we -heard with amazement: when presently some more than -half as far again we spied a spout from above, it came -pouring down like a River of water; So that if they -should light in any Ship, she were in danger to presently -sunk down into the Sea, and falleth with such an extream -violence all whole together as one drop, or as water out -of a Vessel, and dured a quarter of an hour, making the -Sea to boyle like a pot, and if any Vessel be near, it sucks -it in. I saw many of these spouts afterwards at nearer -distance. In the afternoon the Mariners struck a Porpisce, -called also a <em>Marsovius</em> or Sea-hogg, with an harping<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -Iron, and hoisted her aboard, [p. 5.] they cut some -of it into thin pieces, and fryed, it tasts like rusty Bacon, -or hung Beef, if not worse; but the Liver boiled and -soused sometime in Vinegar is more grateful to the pallat. -About 8 of the clock at night, a flame settled upon the -main mast, it was about the bigness of a great Candle, -and is called by our Seamen St. <em>Elmes</em> fire, it comes before -a storm, and is commonly thought to be a Spirit; if -two appear they prognosticate safety: These are known -to the learned by the names of <em>Castor</em> and <em>Pollux</em>, to the -<em>Italians</em> by St. <em>Nicholas</em> and St. <em>Hermes</em>, by the <em>Spaniards</em> -called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Corpos Santos</i>.</p> - -<p>The Ninth day, about two of the clock in the afternoon, -we found the head of our main mast close to the cap -twisted and shivered, and we presently after found the -fore-top-mast crackt a little above the cap; So they -wolled them both, and about two of the clock in the -morning 7 new long Boat oars brake away from our Starboard -quarter with a horrid crack.</p> - -<p>The Eleventh day, they observed and made the Ship -to be in latitude 48 degrees 46 minuts, having a great -Sea all night; about 6 of the clock in the morning we -spake with Mr. <em>Rupe</em> in a Ship of <em>Dartmouth</em>, which -came from <em>Marcelloes</em>; and now is <em>Silly</em> <em>N. E.</em> by <em>E.</em> 34 -leagues off; [p. 6.] about 9 of the clock at night we -sounded, and had 85 fathom water, small brownish pepperie -sand, with a small piece of <em>Hakes</em> Tooth, and now -we are 45 leagues off the <em>Lizard</em>, great Seas all night, -and now we see to the <em>S. W.</em> six tall Ships, the wind being -<em>S. W.</em></p> - -<p>The Twelfth day being <em>Whitsunday</em>, at prayer-time we<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span> -<a id="tn-9"></a>found the Ships trine [trim?] a foot by the stern, and -also the partie that was sick of the small pox now dyed, -whom we buried in the Sea, tying a bullet (as the manner -is) to his neck, and another to his leggs, turned him -out at a Port-hole, giving fire to a great Gun. In the -afternoon one <em>Martin Ivy</em> a stripling, servant to Captain -<em>Thomas Cammock</em> was whipt naked at the Cap-stern, with -a Cat with Nine tails, for filching 9 great Lemmons out -of the <em>Chirurgeons</em> Cabbin, which he eat rinds and all in -less than an hours time.</p> - -<p>The Thirteenth day we took a Sharke, a great one, and -hoisted him aboard with his two Companions (for there -is never a Sharke, but hath a mate or two) that is the -Pilot-fish or Pilgrim, which lay upon his back close to a -long finn; the other fish (somewhat bigger than the Pilot) -about two foot long, called a <em>Remora</em>, it hath no scales -and sticks close to the Sharkes belly. [p. 7.] So the -Whale hath the Sea-gudgeon, a small fish for his mate, -marching before him, and guiding him; which I have -seen likewise. The Seamen divided the Sharke into quarters, -and made more quarter about it than the Purser, -when he makes five quarters of an Oxe, and after they -had cooked him, he proved very rough Grain’d not worthy -of wholesome preferment; but in the afternoon we -took store of <em>Bonitoes</em>, or Spanish <em>Dolphins</em>, a fish about -the size of a large Mackarel, beautified with admirable -varietie of glittering colours in the water, and was excellent -food.</p> - -<p>The Fourteenth day we spake with a <em>Plimouth</em> man -(about dinner time) bound for <em>New-found-land</em>, who having -gone up west-ward sprang a leak, and now bore back<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -for <em>Plimouth</em>. Now was <em>Silly</em> 50 leagues off, and now -many of the passengers fall sick of the small Pox and -Calenture.</p> - -<p>The Sixteenth Mr. <em>Clarke</em>, who came out of the <em>Downs</em> -with us, and was bound for the Isle of <em>Providence</em>, one -of the summer Islands; the <em>Spaniards</em> having taken it -a little before, though unknown to <em>Clarke</em>, and to Captain -<em>Nathaniel Butler</em> going Governour, they departed from -us the Wind <em>N. W.</em> great Seas and stormie winds all -night.</p> - -<p>[p. 8.] The Seventeenth day, the wind at <em>N. W.</em> about -8 of the clock we saw 5 great Ships bound for the <em>Channel</em>, -which was to the Westward of us, about two leagues -off, we thought them to be <em>Flemmings</em>; here we expected -to have met with Pirates, but were happily deceived.</p> - -<p>The One and twentieth day, the wind <em>S.</em> by <em>W.</em> great -Seas and Wind, in’d our courses, and tryed from 5 of -the clock afternoon, till 4 in the morning, the night being -very stormie and dark; we lost Mr. <em>Goodlad</em> and his Ship, -who came out with us, and bound for <em>Boston</em> in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>The Eight and twentieth day, all this while a very great -grown Sea and mighty winds.</p> - -<p><em>June</em> the first day in the afternoon, very thick foggie -weather, we sailed by an inchanted Island, saw a great -deal of filth and rubbish floating by the Ship, heard -<em>Cawdimawdies</em>, <em>Sea-gulls</em> and <em>Crowes</em>, (Birds that always -frequent the shoar) but could see nothing by reason of the -mist: towards Sunset, when we were past the Island, it -cleared up.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span></p> - -<p>The Fourteenth day of <em>June</em>, very foggie weather, we -sailed by an Island of Ice (which lay on the Star-board -side) three leagues in length mountain high, in form of -[p. 9.] land, with Bayes and Capes like high clift land, -and a River pouring off it into the Sea. We saw likewise -two or three Foxes, or Devils skipping upon it. -These Islands of Ice are congealed in the North, and -brought down in the spring-time with the Current to the -banks on this side <em>New-found-land</em>, and there stopt, where -they dissolve at last to water; by that time we had sailed -half way by it, we met with a <em>French</em> Pickeroon. Here -it was as cold as in the middle of <em>January</em> in <em>England</em>, -and so continued till we were some leagues beyond it.</p> - -<p>The Sixteenth day we sounded, and found 35 fathom -water, upon the bank of <em>New-found-land</em>, we cast out our -hooks for Cod-fish, thick foggie weather, the Codd being -taken on a Sunday morning, the Sectaries aboard threw -those their servants took into the Sea again, although -they wanted fresh victuals, but the Sailers were not so -nice, amongst many that were taken, we had some that -were wasted Fish, & it is observable and very strange, that -fishes bodies do grow slender with age, their Tails and -Heads retaining their former bigness; Fish of all Creatures -have generally the biggest heads, and the first part -that begins to taint in a fish is the head.</p> - -<p>The Nineteenth day, Captain <em>Thomas Cammock</em> [p. 10.] -(a near kinsman of the Earl of <em>Warwicks</em>) now had another -lad <em>Thomas Jones</em>, that dyed of the small pox at -eight of the clock at night.</p> - -<p>The Twentieth day, we saw a great number of Sea-bats, -or Owles, called also flying fish, they are about the bigness<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -of a Whiting, with four tinsel wings, with which they fly -as long as they are wet, when pursued by other fishes. -Here likewise we saw many Grandpisces or Herring-hogs, -hunting the scholes of Herrings, in the afternoon we saw -a great fish called the <em>vehuella</em> or Sword fish, having a -long, strong and sharp finn like a Sword-blade on the top -of his head, with which he pierced our Ship, and broke -it off with striving to get loose, one of our Sailers dived -and brought it aboard.</p> - -<p>The One and twentieth day, we met with two <em>Bristow</em> -men bound for <em>New-England</em>, and now we are 100 and -75 leagues off <em>Cape-Sable</em>, the sandy <em>Cape</em>, for so <em>Sable</em> in -French signifieth, off of which lyeth the Isle of <em>Sable</em>, -which is beyond <em>New-found-land</em>, where they take the -<em>Amphibious</em> Creature, the <em>Walrus</em>, <em>Mors</em>, or <em>Sea-Horse</em>.</p> - -<p>The Two and twentieth, another passenger dyed of a -Consumption. Now we passed by the Southern part of -<em>New-found-land</em>, [p. 11.] within sight of it; the Southern -part of <em>New-found-land</em> is said to be not above 600 -leagues from <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p>The Six and twentieth day, Capt. <em>Thomas Cammock</em> -went aboard of a Barke of 300 Tuns, laden with Island -Wine, and but 7 men in her, and never a Gun, bound -for <em>Richmonds</em> Island, set out by Mr. <em>Trelaney</em>, of <em>Plimouth</em>, -exceeding hot weather now.</p> - -<p>The Eight and twentieth, one of Mr. <em>Edward Ting’s</em> -the undertakers men now dyed of the Phthisick.</p> - -<p>The Nine and twentieth day, sounded at night, and -found 120 fathome water, the head of the Ship struck -against a rock; At 4 of the clock we descryed two sail -bound for <em>New-found-land</em>, and so for the <em>Streights</em>, they<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -told us of a general Earth-quake in <em>New-England</em>, of the -Birth of a Monster at <em>Boston</em>, in the <em>Massachusets-Bay</em> a -mortality, and now we are two leagues off <em>Cape Ann</em>.</p> - -<p>The Thirtieth day proved stormie, and having lost the -sight of the Land, we saw none untill the morning; -doubtfully discovering the Coast, fearing the Lee-shore -all night we bore out to Sea.</p> - -<p><em>July</em> the first day, we sounded at 8 of the clock at -night, and found 93 fathome water, descried land.</p> - -<p>The Third day, we Anchored in the <em>Bay</em> of [p. 12.] -<em>Massachusets</em> before <em>Boston</em>. Mr. <em>Tinges</em> other man now -dyed of the small pox.</p> - -<p>The Tenth day, I went a shore upon <em>Noddles Island</em> to -Mr. <em>Samuel Maverick</em> (for my passage) the only hospitable -man in all the Countrey, giving entertainment to all -Comers <em>gratis</em>.</p> - -<p>Now before I proceed any further, it will not be Impertinent -to give the intending planter some Instructions -for the furnishing of himself with things necessary, and -for undertaking the Transport of his Family, or any -others.</p> - -<p>To which end observe, that a Ship of 150 Tuns, with -2 Decks and a half, and 26 men, with 12 pieces of -Ordnance, the charge will amount <em>per</em> moneth, with the -Mariners, to 120 pound <em>per</em> moneth. It is better to let -the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the Mariners, -and their pay for Wages, and the Transporter only -to take care of the passengers.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span></p> - - -<p class="p1 center"><em>The common proportion of Victuals for the Sea to a Mess, -being 4 men, is as followeth</em>;</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p>Two pieces of Beef, of 3 pound and ¼ <em>per</em> piece.</p> - -<p>Four pound of <em>Bread</em>.</p> - -<p>One pint ½ of <em>Pease</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 13.] Four Gallons of <em>Bear</em>, with <em>Mustard</em> and <em>Vinegar</em> -for three flesh dayes in the week.</p> -</div> - -<p class="center">For four fish dayes, to each mess <em>per</em> day.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p>Two pieces of <em>Codd</em> or <em>Habberdine</em>, making three pieces -of a fish.</p> - -<p>One quarter of a pound of <em>Butter</em>.</p> - -<p>Four pound of <em>Bread</em>.</p> - -<p>Three quarters of a pound of <em>Cheese</em>.</p> -</div> - -<p class="center"><em>Bear</em> as before.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p><em>Oatmeal per</em> day, for 50 men, Gallon 1. and so proportionable -for more or fewer.</p> -</div> - -<p>Thus you see the Ships provision, is <em>Beef</em> or <em>Porke</em>, -<em>Fish</em>, <em>Butter</em>, <em>Cheese</em>, <em>Pease</em>, <em>Pottage</em>, <em>Water-gruel</em>, <em>Bisket</em>, -and six shilling <em>Bear</em>.</p> - -<p>For private fresh provision, you may carry with you -(in case you, or any of yours should be sick at Sea) Conserves -of <em>Roses</em>, <em>Clove-Gilliflowers</em>, <em>Wormwood</em>, <em>Green-Ginger</em>, -<em>Burnt-Wine</em>, English <em>Spirits</em>, <em>Prunes</em> to stew, <em>Raisons</em> -of the <em>Sun</em>, <em>Currence</em>, <em>Sugar</em>, <em>Nutmeg</em>, <em>Mace</em>, <em>Cinnamon</em>, -<em>Pepper</em> and <em>Ginger</em>, White <em>Bisket</em>, or <em>Spanish rusk</em>, <em>Eggs</em>, -<em>Rice</em>, <em>juice of Lemmons</em> well put up to cure, or prevent the -Scurvy. Small <em>Skillets</em>, <em>Pipkins</em>, <em>Porrengers</em>, and small -<em>Frying pans</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p> - -<p>To prevent or take away Sea sickness, Conserve of -<em>Wormwood</em> is very proper, but these following Troches I -prefer before it.</p> - -<p>First make paste of <em>Sugar</em> and <em>Gum-Dragagant</em> mixed -together, then mix therewith [p. 14.] a reasonable quantitie -of the powder of <em>Cinnamon</em> and <em>Ginger</em>, and if you -please a little <em>Musk</em> also, and make it up into Roules of -several fashions, which you may gild, of this when you are -troubled in your Stomach, take and eat a quantity according -to discretion.</p> - - -<p class="p1 center"><em>Apparel for one man, and after the rate for more.</em></p> - - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr"><em>l.</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><em>s.</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><em>d.</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Hatt</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One <em>Monmouth</em> Cap</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Three falling bands</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Three Shirts</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">7</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Wastcoat</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One suit of Frize</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">19</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One suit of Cloth</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">15</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One suit of Canvas</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">7</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Three pair of <em>Irish</em> Stockins</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Four pair of Shoos</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">8</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One pair of Canvas Sheets</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">8</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Seven ells of course Canvas to make a bed at -Sea for two men, to be filled with straw</td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One course Rug at Sea for two men</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="3">—————</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr"><em>Sum Total.</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="3">—————</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p> - - -<p class="p1 center">[p. 15] <em>Victuals for a whole year to be carried out of</em> -England <em>for one man, and so for more after the rate</em>.</p> - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>l.</em></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>s.</em></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>d.</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Eight bushels of <em>Meal</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two bushels of <em>Pease</em> at three shillings a bushel</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two bushels of <em>Oatmeal</em>, at four and six pence the bushel</td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">9</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Gallon of <em>Aqua vitæ</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Gallon of <em>Oyl</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two Gallons of <em>Vinegar</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="p1 center">Note.</p> - -<p>Of <em>Sugar</em> and <em>Spice</em>, 8 pound make the stone, 13 stone -and an half, <em>i. e.</em> 100 pound maketh the hundred, but -your best way is to buy your <em>Sugar</em> there, for it is cheapest, -but for Spice you must carry it over with you.</p> - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>l.</em></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>s.</em></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>d.</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Hogshead of <em>English</em> Beef will cost</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Hogshead of <em>Irish</em> Beef will cost</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Barrel of <em>Oatmeal</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">13</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Hogshead of <em>Aqua vitæ</em> will cost</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Hogshead of <em>Vinegar</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A bushel of <em>Mustard-seed</em></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>[p. 16.] A <em>Kental</em> of fish, Cod or Habberdine is 112 -pound, will cost if it be merchantable fish, Two or three -and thirty Rials a <em>Kental</em>, if it be refuse you may have it -for 10 or 11 shillings a <em>Kental</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span><br /></p> - - -<p class="center"><em>Wooden Ware.</em></p> - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>l</em>.</td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>s</em>.</td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>d</em>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A pair of Bellowes</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Skoope</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A pair of Wheels for a Cart, if you buy them in the Countrey, -they will cost 3 or 4 pound</td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">14</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Wheelbarrow you may have there, in <em>England</em> they cost</td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A great pail in <em>England</em> will cost</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Boat called a Canow, will cost in the Countrey -(with a pair of Paddles) if it be a good one</td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A short Oake ladder in <em>England</em> will cost but</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Plough</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">An Axletree</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A Cart</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a casting shovel</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a shovel</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a Sack</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a Lanthorn</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="negin1a"><em>For Tobacco pipes short steels, and great bouls</em> -14 <em>pence and</em> 16 <em>pence the grose.</em></p> - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">[p. 17.] For clipping an hundred sheep in <em>England</em></td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr"> 0</td> -<td class="tdr"> 4</td> -<td class="tdr"> 6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For winding the Wool</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For washing them</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For one Garnish of Peuter</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span></p> - - -<p class="p1 center"><em>Prizes of Iron Ware</em>.</p> - -<p class="negin1a"><em>Arms for one man, but if half of your men have -Armour it is sufficient so that all have pieces -and swords.</em></p> - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>l</em>.</td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>s</em>.</td> -<td class="tdr"> <em>d</em>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Armour compleat, light</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">17</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One long piece five foot, or five and a half near Musket bore</td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Sword</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Bandaleer</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Belt</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Twenty pound of powder</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">18</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Sixty pound of shot or lead, pistol and Goose shot</td> -<td class="tdrt"><span class="fs150">}</span></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="negin1a"><em>Tools for a Family of Six persons, and so after -the rate for more.</em></p> - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Five broad howes at two shillings a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Five narrow howes at 16 pence a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -<td class="tdr">8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">[p. 18.] Five felling Axes at 18 pence a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">7</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two steel hand-sawes at 16 pence the piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two hand-sawes at 5 shillings a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One whip saw, set and filed with box</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">A file and wrest</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two Hammers 12 pence a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Three shovels 18 pence a piece shod</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two spades 18 pence a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two Augars</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two broad Axes at 3 shillings 8 pence a piece<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">7</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Six Chissels</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Three Gimblets</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two Hatchets One and twenty pence a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two froues to cleave pail at 18 pence a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two hand-bills at 20 pence a piece</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Nails of all sorts to be valued</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two pick-Axes</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Three Locks, and 3 pair of Fetters</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Two Currie Combs</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">11</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a Brand to brand Beasts with</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a Chain and lock for a Boat</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a Coulter weighing 10 pound</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a Hand-vise</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">[p. 19.] For a Pitch-fork</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For one hundred weight of Spikes</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Nails and pins 120, to the hundred</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a share</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">11</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="negin1a"><em>Houshould Implements for a Family of six persons, -and so for more or less after the rate.</em></p> - -<table class="autotable" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">One Iron Pot</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">7</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For one great Copper Kettle</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a small Kettle</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a lesser Kettle</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For one large Frying-pan</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">6</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a small Frying-pan</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">1</td> -<td class="tdr">8</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a brass Morter</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">3</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For a Spit</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">2</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For one Grid-Iron</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"><ins class="corr" id="tn-19" title="Transcriber’s Note—1865 text: 'Fo rwo Skillets'"> -For two Skillets</ins></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Platters, dishes, & spoons of wood<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span></td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">For Sugar, Spice, and fruits at Sea for six men</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr">12</td> -<td class="tdr">10</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"><em>The fraught will be for one man half a Tun.</em></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="p1">Having refreshed my self for a day or two upon <em>Noddles-Island</em>, -I crossed the Bay in a small Boat to <em>Boston</em>, -which then was rather a Village, than a Town, there being -not [p. 20.] above Twenty or thirty houses; and presenting -my respects to Mr. <em>Winthorpe</em> the Governour, and -to Mr. <em>Cotton</em> the Teacher of <em>Boston</em> Church, to whom I -delivered from Mr. <em>Francis Quarles</em> the poet, the Translation -of the 16, 25, 51, 88, 113, and 137. Psalms into -<em>English</em> Meeter, for his approbation, being civilly treated -by all I had occasion to converse with, I returned in the -Evening to my lodging.</p> - -<p>The Twelfth day of <em>July</em>, after I had taken my leave -of Mr. <em>Maverick</em>, and some other Gentlemen, I took Boat -for the Eastern parts of the Countrie, and arrived at -<em>Black point</em> in the Province of <em>Main</em>, which is 150 miles -from <em>Boston</em>, the Fourteenth day, which makes my voyage -11 weeks and odd dayes.</p> - -<p>The Countrey all along as I sailed, being no other than -a meer Wilderness, here and there by the Sea-side a few -scattered plantations, with as few houses.</p> - -<p>About the Tenth of <em>August</em>, I hapned to walk into the -Woods, not far from the Sea-side, and falling upon a piece -of ground over-grown with bushes, called there black -Currence, but differing from our Garden Currence, they -being ripe and hanging in lovely bunches; I set up my -piece against a stately Oake, with a resolution to fill my -[p. 21.] belly, being near half a mile from the house; of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> -a sudden I heard a hollow thumping noise upon the -Rocks approaching towards me, which made me presently -to recover my piece, which I had no sooner cock’d, -than a great and grim over-grown she-Wolf appears, at -whom I shot, and finding her Gor-belly stuft with flesh -newly taken in, I began presently to suspect that she had -fallen foul upon our Goats, which were then valued (our -she Goats) at Five pound a Goat; Therefore to make further -discovery, I descended (it being low water) upon the -Sea sands, with an intent to walk round about a neck of -land where the Goats usually kept. I had not gone far -before I found the footing of two Wolves, and one Goat -betwixt them, whom they had driven into a hollow, betwixt -two Rocks, hither I followed their footing, and perceiving -by the Crowes, that there was the place of slaughter, -I hung my piece upon my back, and upon all four -clambered up to the top of the Rock, where I made -ready my piece and shot at the dog Wolf, who was feeding -upon the remainder of the Goat, which was only the -fore shoulders, head and horns, the rest being devoured -by the she-Wolf, even to the very hair of the Goat: and -it is very observable, that when [p. 22.] the Wolves have -kill’d a Beast, or a Hog, not a Dog-Wolf amongst them -offers to eat any of it, till the she-Wolves have filled their -paunches.</p> - -<p>The Twenty fourth of <em>September</em>, being Munday about -4 of the clock in the afternoon, a fearful storm of wind -began to rage, called a <em>Hurricane</em>. <em>It is an impetuous -wind that goes commonly about the Compass in the space of</em> -24 <em>hours, it began from the</em> W. N. W. and continued till -next morning, the greatest mischief it did us, was the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -wracking of our Shallop, and the blowing down of many -tall Trees, in some places a mile together.</p> - -<p><em>December</em> the Tenth, happened an Eclipse of the Moon -at 8 of the clock at night, it continued till after 11, as -near as we could guess; in old <em>England</em> it began after -midnight, and continued till 4 of <em>the clock in the morning; -if Seamen would make observation of the time, either of -the beginning or ending of the Eclipse, or total darkness of -Sun and Moon in all places where they shall happen to -be, and confer their observations to some Artist, hereby the -longitude of all places might be certainly known, which are -now very uncertainly reported to us</em>.</p> - -<p>1639. <em>May</em>, which fell out to be extream hot and foggie, -about the middle of <em>May</em>, I [p. 23.] kill’d within a -stones throw of our house, above four score Snakes, some -of them as big as the small of my leg, black of colour, -and three yards long, with a sharp horn on the tip of -their tail two inches in length.</p> - -<p><em>June</em> the Six and twentieth day, very stormie, Lightning -and Thunder. I heard now two of the greatest and -fearfullest thunder-claps that ever were heard, I am confident. -At this time we had some neighbouring Gentlemen -in our house, who came to welcome me into the -Countrey; where amongst variety of discourse they told -me of a young Lyon (not long before) kill’d at <em>Piscataway</em> -by an <em>Indian</em>; of a Sea-<em>Serpent</em> or <em>Snake</em>, that lay -quoiled up like a Cable upon a Rock at <em>Cape-Ann</em>: a -Boat passing by with <em>English</em> aboard, and two <em>Indians</em>, -they would have shot the <em>Serpent</em> but the <em>Indians</em> disswaded -them, saying, that if he were not kill’d out-right, -they would be all in danger of their lives.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span></p> - -<p>One Mr. <em>Mittin</em> related of a <em>Triton</em> or <em>Mereman</em> which -he saw in <em>Cascobay</em>, the Gentleman was a great Fouler, -and used to goe out with a small Boat or Canow, and -fetching a compass about a small Island, (there being -many small Islands in the Bay) for the advantage of a -shot, was encountred [p. 24.] with a <em>Triton</em>, who laying -his hands upon the side of the Canow, had one of them -chopt off with a Hatchet by Mr. <em>Mittin</em>, which was in all -respects like the hand of a man, the <em>Triton</em> presently sunk, -dying the water with his purple blood, and was no more -seen. The next story was told by Mr. <em>Foxwell</em>, now living -in the province of <em>Main</em>, who having been to the -Eastward in a Shallop, as far as <em>Cape-Ann</em> a Waggon in -his return was overtaken by the night, and fearing to land -upon the barbarous shore, he put off a little further to -Sea; about midnight they were wakened with a loud -voice from the shore, calling upon <em>Foxwell</em>, <em>Foxwell</em> come -a shore, two or three times: upon the Sands they saw a -great fire, and Men and Women hand in hand dancing -round about it in a ring, after an hour or two they vanished, -and as soon as the day appeared, <em>Foxwell</em> puts into a small -<em>Cove</em>, it being about three quarters floud, and traces along -the shore, where he found the footing of Men, Women -and Children shod with shoes; and an infinite number of -brands-ends thrown up by the water, but neither <em>Indian</em> -nor <em>English</em> could he meet with on the shore, nor in the -woods; these with many other stories they told me, the -credit whereof I will neither impeach nor inforce, but -shall [p. 25.] satisfie my self, and I hope the Reader -hereof, with the saying of a wise, learned and honourable -Knight, <em>that there are many Stranger things in the world, -than are to be seen between</em> London <em>and</em> Stanes.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span></p> - -<p><em>September</em> the Sixth day, one Mr. <em>John Hickford</em> the -Son of Mr. <em>Hickford</em> a Linnen-Draper in <em>Cheapside</em>, having -been some time in the province of <em>Main</em>, and now -determined to return for <em>England</em>, sold and kill’d his stock -of Cattle and Hoggs, one great Sow he had which he -made great account of, but being very fat, and not suspecting -that she was with pig, he caused her to be kill’d, and -they found 25 pigs within her belly; verifying the old -proverb, As fruitful as a white sow. And now we were -told of a sow in <em>Virginia</em> that brought forth six pigs; -their fore-parts Lyons, their hinder-parts hogs. <em>I have -read that at</em> Bruxels, Anno 1564. <em>a sow brought forth six -pigs, the first whereof (for the last in generating is always -in bruit beasts the first brought forth) had the head, face, -arms and legs of a man, but the whole trunck of the body -from the neck, was of a swine, a sodomitical monster is -more like the mother than the father in the organs of the -vegetative soul.</em></p> - -<p>The Three and twentieth, I left <em>Black-point</em>, and came -to <em>Richmonds</em> Island about [p. 26.] three leagues to the -Eastward, where Mr. <em>Tralanie</em> kept a fishing, Mr. <em>John -Winter</em> a grave and discreet man was his Agent, and imployer -of 60 men upon that design.</p> - -<p>The Four and twentieth day being <em>Munday</em>, I went -aboard the <em>Fellowship</em> of 100 and 70 Tuns a Flemish bottom, -the Master <em>George Luxon</em> of <em>Bittiford</em> in <em>Devonshire</em>, -several of my friends came to bid me farewell, among the -rest Captain <em>Thomas Wannerton</em> who drank to me a pint -of kill-devil <em>alias</em> Rhum at a draught, at 6 of the clock in -the morning we weighed Anchor, and set sail for the <em>Massachusets-bay</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span></p> - -<p>The Seven and twentieth day being <em>Fryday</em>, we Anchored -in the afternoon in the <em>Massachusets-bay</em> before -<em>Boston</em>. Next day I went aboard of <em>Mr. Hinderson</em>, Master -of a ship of 500 Tuns, and Captain <em>Jackson</em> in the -Queen of <em>Bohemia</em> a privateer, and from thence I went -ashore to <em>Boston</em>, where I refreshed my self at an Ordinary. -Next morning I was invited to a fisherman’s house somewhat -lower within the <em>Bay</em>, and was there by his Wife -presented with a handful of small Pearl, but none of them -bored nor orient. From thence I crost the Bay to -<em>Charles-town</em>, where at one <em>Longs</em> Ordinary I met with -Captain <em>Jackson</em> and others, walking on the back side we -spied a rattle [p. 27.] Snake a yard and half long, and -as thick in the middle as the small of a mans leg, on the -belly yellow, her back spotted with black, russet, yellow -and green, placed like scales, at her tail she had a rattle -which is nothing but a hollow shelly buffiness joynted, -look how many years old she is, so many rattles she hath -in her tail, her neck seemed to be no bigger than ones -Thumb; yet she swallowed a live Chicken, as big as one -they give 4 pence for in <em>England</em>, presently as we were -looking on. In the afternoon I returned to our Ship, -being no sooner aboard but we had the sight of an <em>Indian</em>-Pinnace -sailing by us made of <em>Birch-bark</em>, sewed together -with the roots of spruse and white <em>Cedar</em> (drawn -out into threads) with a deck, and trimmed with sails top -and top gallant very sumptuously.</p> - -<p>The Thirtieth day of <em>September</em>, I went ashore upon -<em>Noddles</em>-Island, where when I was come to Mr. <em>Mavericks</em> -he would not let me go aboard no more, until the -Ship was ready to set sail; the next day a grave and sober<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -person described the Monster to me, that was born at <em>Boston</em> -of one Mrs. <em>Dyer</em> a great Sectarie, <em>the Nine and twentieth -of</em> June, <em>it was (it should seem) without a head, but -having horns like a Beast, and ears, scales on a rough skin -like a fish</em> [p. 28.] <em>called a</em> Thornback, <em>legs and claws like -a</em> Hawke, <em>and in other respects as a Woman-child</em>.</p> - -<p>The Second of <em>October</em>, about 9 of the clock in the -morning, Mr. <em>Mavericks</em> Negro woman came to my chamber -window, and in her own Countrey language and tune -sang very loud and shril, going out to her, she used a -great deal of respect towards me, and willingly would -have expressed her grief in <em>English</em>; but I apprehended -it by her countenance and deportment, whereupon I repaired -to my host, to learn of him the cause, and resolved -to intreat him in her behalf, for that I understood before, -that she had been a Queen in her own Countrey, and -observed a very humble and dutiful garb used towards -her by another Negro who was her maid. Mr. <em>Maverick</em> -was desirous to have a breed of Negroes, and therefore -seeing she would not yield by perswasions to company -with a Negro young man he had in his house; he commanded -him will’d she nill’d she to go to bed to her, -which was no sooner done but she kickt him out again, -this she took in high disdain beyond her slavery, and this -was the cause of her grief. In the afternoon I walked -into the Woods on the back side of the house, and happening -into a [p. 29.] fine broad walk (which was a sledgway) -I wandered till I chanc’t to spye a fruit as I thought -like a pine Apple plated with scales, it was as big as the -crown of a Womans hat; I made bold to step unto it, -with an intent to have gathered it, no sooner had I toucht<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -it, but hundreds of Wasps were about me; at last I -cleared my self from them, being stung only by one upon -the upper lip, glad I was that I scaped so well; But by -that time I was come into the house my lip was swell’d so -extreamly, that they hardly knew me but by my Garments.</p> - -<p>The Tenth of <em>October</em>, I went aboard and we fell down -to <em>Nantascot</em>, here Mr. <em>Davies</em> (Mr. <em>Hicks</em> the Apothecarie -in <em>Fleet-streets</em> Son-in-law) dyed of the Phthisick -aboard on a Sunday in the afternoon. The next day Mr. -<em>Luxon</em> our Master having been ashore upon the Governours -Island gave me half a score very fair Pippins which -he brought from thence, there being not one Apple-tree, -nor Pear planted yet in no part of the Countrey, but upon -that Island.</p> - -<p>The Fifteenth day, we set sail from <em>Nantascot</em>.</p> - -<p>The Sixteenth day Mr. <em>Robert Foster</em>, one of our passengers -Preached aboard upon [p. 30.] the 113 Psalm; -<em>The Lord shall preserve thy going out, & thy coming in</em>; -The Sectaries began to quarrel with him, especially Mr. -<em>Vincent Potter</em>, he who was afterwards questioned for a -Regicide.</p> - -<p>The Seventeenth day, towards Sun-set a Lanner settled -upon our main Mast-top, when it was dark I hired one -of the Sailers to fetch her down, and I brought her into -<em>England</em> with much ado, being fain to feed her with hard -Eggs. After this day, we had very cold weather at Sea, -our deck in a morning ore-spread with hoarie frost, and -dangling Isickles hung upon the Ropes. <em>Some say the -Sea is hotter in winter, than in summer; but I did not find -it so.</em></p> - -<p><em>November</em> the Fifth day, about three of the clock in the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -afternoon, the Mariners observed the rising of a little -black cloud in the <em>N. W.</em> which increasing apace, made -them prepare against a coming storm, the wind in short -time grew to boisterous, bringing after us a huge grown -Sea, at 5 of the clock it was pitchie dark.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container" id="tn-28"> -<div class="poetry lht"> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>And the bitter storm augments; the wild winds wage</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>War from all parts; and joyn with the Seas rage.</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0">[p. 31.] <em>The sad clouds sink in showers; you would have thought,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>That high-swoln-seas even unto Heaven had wrought;</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>And Heaven to Seas defended: no star shown;</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Blind night in darkness, tempests, and her own</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Dread terrours lost; yet this dire lightning turns</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>To more fear’d light; the Sea with lightning Burns.</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>The Pilot knew not what to chuse or fly,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Art stood amaz’d in Ambiguity.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>The storm augmenting still, the next day about 4 of the -clock afternoon we lost our Rudder, and with that our -hopes, so necessary a part it is, that a ship without it, -is like a wild horse without a bridle; yet <em>Aristotle</em> that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -<em>Eagle</em>-ey’d <em>Philosopher could not give a reason, why so small -a thing as a Helm should rule the ship</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 32.] The Seventh day at night, the wind began to -dye away, the next day we had leasure to repair our -breaches; it continued calm till the 13 day, and all the -while we saw many dead bodies of men and women floating -by us.</p> - -<p>The Four and twentieth, we arrived before <em>Bittiford</em>, -having past before under <em>Lundee</em>-Island.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="The_Second"> -<span class="fs120">The Second</span><br /> -<span class="fs180">VOYAGE.</span></h2> -</div> - - -<p class="drop-capy">I have heard of a certain Merchant in the west of <em>England</em>, -who after many great losses, walking upon the -Sea-bank in a calm Sun-shining day; observing the -smoothness of the Sea, coming in with a chequered or -dimpled wave: Ah (quoth he) thou flattering Element, -many a time hast thou inticed me to throw my self and -my fortunes into thy Arms; but thou hast hitherto proved -treacherous; thinking to find thee a Mother of encrease, -I have found thee to be the Mother of mischief and wickedness; -yea the Father of prodigies; therefore, being -now secure, I will trust thee no more: But mark this -mans resolution a while after, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">periculum maris spes lucri -superat</i>. So fared it with me, that having escaped the -dangers of one Voyage, must needs put on a resolution for -a second, wherein I plowed many a churlish billow [p. 34.] -with little or no advantage, but rather to my loss and detriment. -In the setting down, whereof I purpose not to -insist in a methodical way, but according to my quality, -in a plain and brief relation as I have done already; for -I perceive, if I used all the Art that possibly I could, it -would be difficult to please all, for all mens eyes, ears, -faith, judgement, are not of a size. There be a sort of -stagnant stinking spirits, who, like flyes, lye sucking at the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -botches of carnal pleasures, and never travelled so much -Sea, as is between <em>Heth-ferry</em>, and <em>Lyon-Key</em>; yet notwithstanding, -(sitting in the Chair of the scornful over -their whists and draughts of intoxication) will desperately -censure the relations of the greatest Travellers. It was a -good <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">proviso</i> of a learned man, never to report wonders, -for in so doing, of the greatest he will be sure not to be -believed, but laughed at, which certainly bewraies their -ignorance and want of discretion. Of Fools and Madmen -then I shall take no care, I will not invite these in -the least to honour me with a glance from their supercilious -eyes; but rather advise them to keep their inspection -for their fine-tongu’d Romances, and playes. This homely -piece, I protest ingenuously, is prepared for such only who -well know how to make use of their [p. 35.] charitable -constructions towards works of this nature, to whom I -submit my self in all my faculties, and proceed in my second -voyage.</p> - -<p><em>Anno 1663.</em> <em>May</em> the Three and twentieth, I went down -to <em>Gravesend</em>, it being <em>Saturday</em> I lay ashore till <em>Monday</em> -the fifth, about 11 a clock at night, I went aboard the <em>Society</em> -belonging to <em>Boston</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em> a Colony of -<em>English</em> in <em>New-England</em>, of 200 and 20 Tun, carrying -16 Iron Guns most unserviceable, man’d with 33 sailers, -and 77 passengers, men, women and children.</p> - -<p>The Six and twentieth day, about 6 of the clock in the -morning we weighed Anchor, and fell down with the tide -three or four miles below <em>Gravesend</em>.</p> - -<p>The Seven and twentieth in the afternoon, we weighed -Anchor and came into the <em>Hope</em> before <em>Deal-Castle</em>, here -<a id="tn-31"></a>we were wind bound till</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span></p> - -<p>The 30 day, we set sail out of the <em>Downs</em>, being <em>Saturday</em> -about 9 of the clock in the morning, about 4 of the -clock in the afternoon we came up with <em>Beachy</em> by <em>W.</em> at -<em>Nore</em>.</p> - -<p>The One and thirtieth at 4 of the clock in the morning -we came up with the Isle of <em>Wight</em>, at 4 of the clock in -the afternoon [p. 36.] we had <em>Portland</em> N. N. W. of us, 6 -leagues off, the wind being then at <em>N. W. by N.</em> at 5 of -the clock we came to <em>Dartmouth</em>, the wind <em>W. S. W.</em></p> - -<p><em>June</em> the first day, being <em>Monday</em> about 4 of the clock -<em>Plimouth</em> was about 9 leagues off, our course <em>W. S. W.</em> -the Start bore North distant about 6 leagues from whence -our reckonings began; the wind now <em>E. N. E.</em> a fair gale.</p> - -<p>The second day the <em>Lizard</em> bore <em>N. N. W.</em> in the latitude -51. 300 leagues from <em>Cape-Cod</em> in <em>New England</em>, our -course <em>W.</em> and by <em>S.</em> One of our passengers now dyed of -a Consumption.</p> - -<p>The Fifth day we steered <em>S. W.</em> observed and found the -ship in latitude 47 degrees, and 44 minutes.</p> - -<p>The Tenth day observed and found the ship in latitude -49 degrees, and 24 minutes.</p> - -<p>The Five and twentieth day, about 3 of the clock in -the morning we discovered land, about 6 of the clock -<em>Flowers</em>, so called from abundance of flowers, and <em>Corvo</em> -from a multitude of <em>Crowes</em>; two of the <em>Azores</em> or western -Islands, in the <em>Atlantique Ocean</em> not above 250 leagues -from <em>Lisbon</em> bore <em>N. W.</em> of us some 3 leagues off, we -steered away <em>W.</em> by <em>W.</em> observed and found <em>Flowers</em> to be -in the Southern part in latitude 39 [p. 37.] degrees 13 -minuts, we descryed a Village and a small Church or -Chappel seated in a pleasant valley to the Easter-side of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span> -the Island, the whole Island is rockie and mountanious -about 8 miles in compass, stored with Corn, Wine and -Goats, and inhabited by outlaw’d <em>Portingals</em>, the Town -they call <em>Santa Cruz</em>. <em>Corvo</em> is not far from this, I supposed -two or three leagues, a meer mountain, and very -high and steep on all sides, cloathed with tall wood on the -very top, uninhabited, but the <em>Flowreans</em> here keep some -number of Goats.</p> - -<p>The Seven and twentieth day, 30 leagues to the westward -of these Islands we met with a small Vessel stoln -from <em>Jamaico</em>, but 10 men in her, and those of several -nations, <em>English</em>, <em>French</em>, <em>Scotch</em>, <em>Dutch</em> almost famish’d, -having been out as they told us, by reason of calms, three -moneths, bound for <em>Holland</em>.</p> - -<p><em>July</em> the sixth, calm now for two or three dayes, our -men went out to swim, some hoisted the <em>Shallop</em> out and -took divers Turtles, there being an infinite number of -them all over the Sea as far as we could ken, and a man -may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles, they floated upon -the top of the water being a sleep, and driving gently -upon them with the <em>Shallop</em>, of a sudden [p. 38.] they -took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the -boat, if they be not very nimble they awake and presently -dive under water; when they were brought aboard they -sob’d and wept exceedingly, continuing to do so till the -next day that we killed them, by chopping off their heads, -and having taken off their shells (that on their back being -fairest, is called a Gally patch) we opened the body and -took out three hearts in one case, and (which was more -strange) we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after -they were taken out. I have observed in <em>England</em> in my<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -youthful dayes the like in the heart of a <em>Pike</em>, and the heart -of a <em>Frog</em>, which will leap and skip as nimbly as the <em>Frog</em> -used to do when it was alive from whom it was taken. -Likewise the heart of a <em>Pig</em> will stir after it is exenterated. -Being at a friends house in <em>Cambridg-shire</em>, the Cook-maid -making ready to slaughter a <em>Pig</em>, she put the hinder parts -between her legs as the usual manner is, and taking the -snout in her left hand with a long knife she stuck the <em>Pig</em> -and cut the small end of the heart almost in two, letting it -bleed as long as any bloud came forth, then throwing of it -into a Kettle of boyling water, the <em>Pig</em> swom twice round -about the kettle, when taking of it out to [p. 39.] the -dresser she rub’d it with powdered <em>Rozen</em> and stript off the -hair, and as she was cutting off the hinder pettito, the <em>Pig</em> -lifts up his head with open mouth, as if it would have bitten: -well, the belly was cut up, and the entrails drawn -out, and the heart laid upon the board, which notwithstanding -the wound it received had motion in it, above -four hours after; there were several of the Family by, -with my self, and we could not otherwayes conclude but -that the <em>Pig</em> was bewitched; but this by the way. Of -the Sea Turtles there be five sorts, first the Trunck-turtle -which is biggest, Secondly, the Loggerhead-turtle. -Thirdly, the Hawkbill-turtle, which with its bill will bite -horribly. Fourthly, the Green-turtle which is best for food, -it is affirmed that the feeding upon this Turtle for a twelve -moneth, forbearing all other kind of food will cure absolutely -Consumptions, and the great pox; They are a very -delicate food, and their Eggs are very wholesome and restorative, -it is an <em>Amphibious</em> Creature going ashore, the -male throws the female on her back when he couples with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span> -her, which is termed cooting, their Eggs grown to perfection -the female goes ashore again and making a hole in -the Sand, there layes her Eggs which are numerous, I -have seen a peck [p. 40.] of Eggs taken out of one Turtle; -when they have laid they cover the hole again with -sand, and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs, -which hatching in the sand and coming to some strength -break out and repair to the Sea. Having fill’d our bellies -with Turtles and Bonito’s, called <em>Spanish</em> Dolphins excellently -well cooked both of them, the wind blowing fair,</p> - -<p>The Eighth day we spread our sails and went on our -voyage, after a while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds -called Gulf-weed coming out of the Bay of <em>Mexico</em>, and -firr-trees floating on the Sea, observed and found the Ship -to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts.</p> - -<p>The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three -foot long, which being drest and dished by a young Merchant -a passenger happened to be very good fish, having -very white flesh in flakes like Codd but delicately curl’d, -the back-bone which is perfectly round, joynted with short -joynts, the space between not above a quarter of an inch -thick, separated they make fine Table-men, being wrought -on both sides with curious works.</p> - -<p>The One and twentieth thick hasie weather.</p> - -<p>The Five and twentieth we met with a [p. 41.] <em>Plimouth</em> -man come from St. <em>Malloes</em> in <em>France</em>, 10 weeks out, -laden with cloath, fruit, and honey, bound for <em>Boston</em> in -<em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>The Six and twentieth we had sight of land.</p> - -<p>The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at <em>Nantascot</em>, -in the afternoon I went aboard of a <em>Ketch</em>, with some<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -other of our passengers, in hope to get to <em>Boston</em> that -night; but the Master of the <em>Ketch</em> would not consent.</p> - -<p>The Eight and twentieth being <em>Tuesday</em>, in the morning -about 5 of the clock he lent us his <em>Shallop</em> and three -of his men, who brought us to the western end of the -town where we landed, and having gratified the men, we -repaired to an Ordinary (for so they call their Taverns -there) where we were provided with a liberal cup of burnt -Madera-wine, and store of plum-cake, about ten of the -clock I went about my Affairs.</p> - -<p>Before I pursue my Voyage to an end, I shall give you -to understand what Countrie <em>New-England</em> is. <em>New-England</em> -is that part of <em>America</em>, which together with <em>Virginia</em>, -<em>Mary land</em>, and <em>Nova-scotia</em> were by the <em>Indians</em> -called (by one name) <em>Wingadacoa</em>, after the discovery by -Sir <em>Walter</em> [p. 42.] <em>Rawleigh</em> they were named <em>Virginia</em>, -and so remained untill King <em>James</em> divided the Countrey -into Provinces. <em>New-England</em> then is all that tract of -land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes of 40 and -46, that is from <em>De-la-ware-Bay</em> to <em>New-found-land</em>, some -will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King <em>Jame’s</em> -Letters Patents to the Council of <em>Plimouth</em> in <em>Devonshire</em> -from 40 to 48 of the same latitude, it is judged to be an -Island, surrounded on the North with the spacious River -of <em>Canada</em>, on the South with <em>Mahegan</em> or <em>Hudsons</em> -River, having their rise, as it is thought, from two great -lakes not far off one another, the Sea lyes East and -South from the land, and is very deep, some say that the -depth of the Sea being measured with line and plummet, -seldom exceeds two or three miles, except in some places -near the <em>Swevian</em>-shores, and about <em>Pontus</em>, observed by<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> -<em>Pliny</em>. Sir <em>Francis Drake</em> threw out 7 Hogsheads of line -near <em>Porto-bello</em> and found no bottom, but whether this be -true or no, or that they were deceived by the Currants -carrying away their lead and line, this is certainly true, -that there is more Sea in the Western than the Eastern -<em>Hemisphere</em>, on the shore in more places than one at -spring-tides, that is at the full or new of the moon, [p. 43.] -the Sea riseth 18 foot perpendicular, the reason of this -great flow of waters I refer to the learned, onely by the -way I shall acquaint you with two reasons for the ebbing -and flowing of the Sea; the one delivered in Common -conference, the other in a Sermon at <em>Boston</em> in the <em>Massachusets-Bay</em> -by an eminent man; The first was, <em>that God -and his spirit moving upon the waters caused the motion</em>; -the other, <em>that the spirit of the waters gathered the waters -together; as the spirit of Christ gathered souls</em>.</p> - -<p>The shore is Rockie, with high cliffs, having a multitude -of considerable Harbours; many of which are capacious -enough for a Navy of 500 sail, one of a thousand, -the Countrie within Rockie and mountanious, full of tall -wood, one stately mountain there is surmounting the rest, -about four score mile from the Sea: The description of it -you have in my rarities of <em>New-England</em>, between the -mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as -ever eye beheld, beset on each side with variety of goodly -Trees, the grass man-high unmowed, uneaten and uselesly -withering; within these valleys are spacious lakes -or ponds well stored with Fish and Beavers; the original -of all the great Rivers in the Countrie, of which there are -many with lesser [p. 44.] streams (wherein are an infinite -of fish) manifesting the goodness of the soil which is black,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span> -red-clay, gravel, sand, loom, and very deep in some places, -as in the valleys and swamps, which are low grounds and -bottoms infinitely thick set with Trees and Bushes of all -sorts for the most part, others having no other shrub or -Tree growing, but spruse, under the shades whereof you -may freely walk two or three mile together; being goodly -large Trees, and convenient for masts and sail-yards. The -whole Countrie produceth springs in abundance replenished -with excellent waters, having all the properties -ascribed to the best in the world.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Swift is’t in pace, light poiz’d, to look in clear,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>And quick in boiling (which esteemed were)</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Such qualities, as rightly understood</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Withouten these no water could be good.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><em>One Spring there is, at</em> Black-point <em>in the Province of</em> -Main, <em>coming out of muddy clay that will colour a spade, -as if hatcht with silver, it is purgative and cures scabs and -Itch</em>, &c.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">Isa. 45. 3.</div> - -<p>The mountains and Rocky Hills are richly furnished -with mines of Lead, Silver, [p. 45.] Copper, Tin, and divers -sorts of minerals, branching out even to their summits, -where in small Crannies you may meet with threds -of perfect silver; yet have the <em>English</em> no maw to open -any of them, whether out of ignorance or fear of bringing -a forraign Enemy upon them, or (like the dog in the -manger) to keep their Soveraign from partaking of the -benefits, who certainly may claim an interest in them as -his due, being eminently a gift proceeding from -divine bounty to him; no person can pretend interest -in Gold, Silver, or Copper by the law of Nations,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -but the Soveraign Prince; but the subjects of our King -have a right to mines discovered in their own Lands and -inheritances; So as that every tenth Tun of such Oar is -to be paid to the proprietors of such lands, and not to the -state, if it be not a mine-Royal: if it prove to be a mine-Royal, -every fifth Tun of all such Oar as shall hold Gold -or Silver worth refining, is to be rendered to the King. -<em>The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long since concluded, -that although the Gold or Silver conteined in the -base mettals of a mine in the land of a Subject, be of less -value than the baser mettal; yet if the Gold or Silver do -countervail the charge of refining it, or be more worth than -the base mettal spent</em> [p. 46.] <em>in refining it, that then it is -a mine-Royal, and as well the base mettal as the Gold and -Silver in it belongs by prerogative to the Crown.</em></p> - -<p>The stones in the Countrey are for the most <em>mettle</em>-stone, -free-stone, pebble, slate, none that will run to lime, -of which they have great want, of the slate you may make -Tables easie to be split to the thickness of an inch, or -thicker if you please, and long enough for a dozen men to -sit at. Pretious stones there are too, but if you desire to -know further of them, see the Rarities of <em>New-England</em>; -onely let me add this observation by the way, that Crystal -set in the Sun taketh fire, and setteth dry Tow or brown -Paper on fire held to it. There is likewise a sort of glittering -sand, which is altogether as good as the glassie -powder brought from the <em>Indies</em> to dry up Ink on paper -newly written. The climate is reasonably temperate, -hotter in Summer, and colder in Winter than with us, -agrees with our Constitutions better than <em>hotter Climates, -these are limbecks to our bodies, forraign heat will extract<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -the inward and adventitious heat consume the natural, so -much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat -of the Sun, so much more wants he the same inwardly</em>, -which is one reason why [p. 47.] they are able to receive -more and larger draughts of Brandy, & the like strong -spirits than in <em>England</em> without offence. <em>Cold is less tolerable -than heat, this a friend to nature, that an enemy. -Many are of opinion that the greatest enemies of life, consisting -of heat and moisture, is cold and dryness; the extremity -of cold is more easie to be endured than extremity of -heat; the violent sharpness of winter, than the fiery raging -of Summer. To conclude, they are both bad, too much heat -brings a hot Feaver, too much cold diminisheth the flesh, -withers the face, hollowes the eyes, quencheth natural heat, -peeleth the hair, and procureth baldness.</em></p> - -<p>Astronomers have taken special knowledge of the number -of 1024 of the principal apparent noted Stars of all -the rest, besides the 7 Planets, and the 12 Signs, and it is -agreed upon that there are more Stars under the Northern-pole, -than under the Southern, the number of Stars -under both poles are innumerable to us; but not to the -Almighty Creator of Heaven and Earth, who calleth them -all by their names. <em>Isai.</em> 40. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Levate in excelsum oculos -vestros & videte quis creavit hæc? quis educit in numero -militiam eorum & omnia suis nominibus vocat?</i> In <em>January</em> -1668. two Suns appeared and two Moons. The -year before was published the Suns prerogative, vindicated -by [p. 48.] <em>Alexander Nowel</em> a young studient at -<em>Harvard-Colledge</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony, which was -as followeth.</p> - -<p><em>Mathematicians have that priviledge, above other Philosophers,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span> -that their foundations are so founded upon, and -proved by demonstration, that reason</em> volens nolens <em>must -approve of them, when they are once viewed by the eye of the -intellect</em>, <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">ipso facto</span> <em>it grants a</em> probatum est; <em>if upon those -foundations he raises famous Architectures, which are inseparably -joynted in, and joyned to their ground-works, yet -are not their Elements of such vast extensions, as to have -their dimensions adequated with the machine of the</em> <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">primum -mobile</span>, <em>and so include the Fabrick of created beings; but -there are sphears above the sphear of their Activity, and -Orbs placed above the reach of their Instruments, which will</em> -non-plus <em>the most acute inquisitors, at least in reference to -an accurate scrutiny: hence dissentions about Celestial bodies, -whether the planets have any natural light, has been a -question, proving that they borrow their light from the Sun: -he being the primitive, they derivatives; he the</em> <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Augmentum -primum</span>, <em>they</em> Orta, <em>who though they have light in</em> se, <em>yet -not</em> ex se. <em>This assertion is not expugned by</em> Geocentricks -<em>who produce sense and Antiquity to support their suppositions; -nor oppugned by</em> Heliocentricks, [p. 49.] <em>who deduce -their</em> Hypothesis <em>from reason, and new observations: for</em>, -<span lang="la" xml:lang="la">quicquid in ambitu alicujus circuli actu diffusum, comprehenditur, -id in centro ejusdem continetur potentia collectum</span>. -<em>Should I put the question to the vote, questionless the -major part of modern Astronomers would carry it affirmatively; -but a testimony being</em> <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Inartificialis Argumentum</span>, <em>I -shall found my position upon a more Artificial</em> Basis. <em>As -for the multiplication of Eclipses which some fear, it’s needless, -for the extent of the</em> Cone <em>of the earths shaddow</em> (<span lang="la" xml:lang="la">à Centro -terræ</span>) <em>being</em> 250 Semidiameters, <em>it cannot reach</em> Mars; -Venus <em>and</em> Mercury <em>never oppose the Sun. It has been<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -observed by the help of</em> Optick Tubes, <em>that</em> Venus <em>has divers -faces, according to her diverse position to the Sun. Some -affirm the same of</em> Mercury, <em>but he’s not so liable to observation, -being seldom clear of the radiancy of the Sun. The -superior Planets being above the Sun, turn the same side to -the Sun, as they do to us.</em> Venus <em>and</em> Mars <em>are more lucid -in their</em> Parhelion, <em>than in their</em> Aphelion. <em>The</em> Telescope -<em>may convince us of this truth</em>; <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Evincit enim crassa, -opaca & dissimilium plane partium corpora, planctas esse</span>. -<em>Lastly God made the Sun and Moon, the two greater lights -(though not the greater lucid bodies) that the Moons light is -adventitious, followes from her invisibilitie</em> [p. 50.] <em>in a central -Eclipse: hence the other planets are destitute of native -light</em>; <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">nam à majore ad minus valet consequentia negativé</span>.</p> - -<p>In the year 1664. a Star or Comet appeared in <em>New-England</em> -in <em>December</em> in the <em>South-East</em>, rising constantly -about one of the clock in the morning, carrying the tail -lower and lower till it came into the <em>West</em>, and then bare -it directly before it; the Star it self was of a duskish red, -the tail of the colour of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">via lactea</i>, or the milkie way. A -fortnight after it appeared again rising higher near the -<em>Nadir</em> or point over our heads, of the same form and colour; -of which hear the former Scholar.</p> - -<p><em>Comets (say Naturalists) proceed from natural causes, -but they oft proceed preternatural effects. That they have -been Antecedents to strange consequents is an universal -truth, and proved by particulars</em>, viz. <em>That which hung -over</em> Hierusalem <em>before its extirpation by</em> Vespatian, <em>that -vertical to</em> Germany, <em>before those bloudy Wars</em> &c. <em>So that -experience Attests, and reason Assents, that they have served -for sad Prologues to Tragical Epilogues. For the future<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -preludiums to what events they’l prove, may be proved by -consequence, if they han’t suffered a privation of their powerful -Energie. Dr.</em> Ward <em>to salve Contests, distinguishes -between Cometæidæ, which are</em> [p. 51.] <em>Sublunary exhalations, -and Cometæ, which are heavenly bodies, coevous with -the Stars; the cause of the inequality of whose motion, is -their Apoge and Periges. Concerning the height of the late -Comets Orb, because of the deficiency of Instruments, here’s</em> -<span lang="la" xml:lang="la">pars deficiens.</span> <em>As for its motion</em> December 10. <em>’twas -about the middle of</em> Virgo. Jan. 24. 26 deg. Aries. <em>Some -observe that Comets commonly follow a Conjunction of the -superiour planets. Astronomers attribute much to the predominancy -of that planet which rules it, which they judge -by the Colour; a dull leaden colour, claims</em> Saturn <em>for his -Lord; bright</em>, Jupiter; <em>Red</em>, Mars; <em>Golden</em>, Sol; <em>Yellow</em>, -Venus; <em>variable</em>, Mercury; <em>pale</em>, Luna. <em>Also to the -Aspects it receives from other planets, the sign it is in, and -the house of the Heavens in which it first was. Hence -some may judge a scheam of the Heavens necessary, but -unless Calculated for its certain rise (which is uncertain) -it’s adjudged by the judicious, superfluous. Some put much -trust or virtue in the tail, terming it the Ignomon</em>, &c. <em>But -that is probable of all, which has been observed of some, -that it’s alwayes opposite to the Sun; hence when the Sun -is at the Meridian of the Antipodes it turns</em>, &c. <em>Which</em> -Regiomont <em>observed of that in</em> 1475. <em>and</em> Keckerman <em>of -that in</em> 1607. Longomontanus <em>observes of that in</em> 1618. -<em>that its first</em> [p. 52.] <em>appearance was vertical to</em> Germany -<em>and went</em> Northward, <em>so its effect began there, and made the -like progress: it’s rational, that as a cause, it should operate -most powerfully on those in whose Zenith it is, as the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span> -meridional Altitude; nor is it irrational, that as a sign, it -should presage somewhat to all those, in whose Horizon it -appears; for in reason</em>, <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Relata se mutuo inferunt</span>, <em>hence</em> -signum <em>infers</em> signatum, <em>and the signifier implies a signified. -Diverse desire to be certified of the event; but he is -wise that knowes it. Some presume prophetically to specificate -from generals truths; others desperately deny generals -and all; of all whom it’s a truth</em>, <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Incidunt in Scyllam, -&c.</span> <em>Noble</em> Ticho <em>concludes, (with whom I conclude) that -it’s not rational particularly to determine the sequel; for -should any, it would be only in a contingent Axiom, and -proceed from fancie; therefore of no necessary consequence, -and would produce only opinion.</em></p> - -<p>A friend of mine shewed me a small Treatise written -and printed in the <em>Massachusets</em>-Bay by <em>B. D. Intituled -An Astronomical description of the late Comet, or Blazing-Star, -as it appeared in</em> New-England <em>in the Ninth, Tenth, -Eleventh, and the beginning of the Twelfth moneth</em>, 1664. -<em>printed at</em> Cambridge <em>by</em> Samuel Green 1665. An ingenious -piece, but because I could not perswade [p. 53.] my -friend to part with it, I took out some short notes being -straitned in time, which are as followes.</p> - -<p>Comets are distinguished in respect of their figure, according -to the divers aspects of the Sun, into <em>Barbate</em>, -<em>Caudate</em>, and <em>Crinite</em>. 1. When the stream like a beard -goes before the body. 2. When the stream followes the -body. 3. When the stream goes right up into the -Heavens.</p> - -<p>A Comet is said to be Vertical to any people, when the -body of the Comet passeth over their heads.</p> - -<p>The light of the Comet alters and varies according to -the diverse Aspects of the Sun enlightning it.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span></p> - -<p>Some took notice of it in the beginning of <em>November</em>.</p> - -<p>In <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1668. <em>July</em> the Fifteenth happened an -Eclipse of the moon from 9 of the clock at night, till after -11, digits 9, and 35 minutes.</p> - -<p>In <em>November</em> following appeared a Star between the -horns of the Moon in the midst.</p> - -<p>In <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1669. about the middle of <em>June</em> at 4 of -the clock in the afternoon, appeared a Rain-bow reverst, -and at night about 10 of the clock we had a <em>Lunar</em> Rain-bow.</p> - -<p>[p. 54.] The <em>Indians</em> so far as I could perceive have but -little knowledge of the Stars and Planets, observing the -Sun and Moon only, the dividers of time into dayes and -years: they being nearer to the Equinoctial-line by 10 -degrees, have their dayes and nights more equally divided, -being in Summer two hours shorter, in Winter two -hours longer than they are in <em>England</em>. The 11 of <em>June</em> -the Sun riseth at 4 and 26 minutes, and setteth at 7 & 34 -minutes: in <em>December</em>, the 13 the shortest day, the Sun -riseth at 7 and 35 minutes, and setteth at 4 and 27 minutes.</p> - -<p>Mid-<em>March</em> their Spring begins, in <em>April</em> they have -Rain and Thunder; So again at <em>Michaelmas</em>, about which -season they have either before <em>Michaelmas</em> or after outrageous -storms of Wind and Rain. It’s observable that -there is no part of the World, which hath not some certain -times of out-rageous storms. We have upon our Coast -in <em>England</em> a <em>Michaelmas</em> flaw, that seldom fails: in the -<em>West-Indies</em> in <em>August</em> and <em>September</em> the forcible <em>North</em>-wind, -which though some call <em>Tuffins</em> or <em>Hurricanes</em> we -must distinguish, for a right <em>Hurricane</em> is (as I have said<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -before) an impetuous wind that goes about the Compass -in the space of 24 hours, in such a storm the Lord <em>Willoughby</em> -[p. 55.] of <em>Parham</em> Governour of the <em>Barbadoes</em> -was cast away, going with a fleet to recover St. <em>Christophers</em> -from the <em>French</em>, <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1666. <em>July</em>. Cold -weather begins with the middle of <em>November</em>, the winter’s -perpetually freezing, insomuch that their Rivers and salt-Bayes -are frozen over and passable for Men, Horse, Oxen -and Carts: <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Æquore cum gelido zephyrus fere xenia Cymbo</i>. -The <em>North-west</em> wind is the sharpest wind in the Countrie. -In <em>England</em> most of the cold winds and weathers come -from the Sea, and those seats that are nearest the Sea-coasts -in <em>England</em> are accounted unwholsome, but not so -in <em>New-England</em>, for in the extremity of winter the <em>North-East</em> -and <em>South</em>-wind coming from the Sea produceth -warm weather, only the <em>North-West</em>-wind coming over -land from the white mountains (which are alwayes (except -in <em>August</em>) covered with snow) is the cause of extream cold -weather, alwayes accompanied with deep snowes and bitter -frosts, the snow for the most part four and six foot deep, -which melting on the superficies with the heat of the Sun, -(for the most part shining out clearly every day) and freezing -again in the night makes a crust upon the snow sufficient -to bear a man walking with snow-shoos upon it. -And at this [p. 56.] season the <em>Indians</em> go forth on hunting -of Dear and Moose, twenty, thirty, forty miles up into -the Countrie. Their Summer is hot and dry proper for -their <em>Indian</em> Wheat; which thrives best in a hot and dry -season, the skie for the most part Summer and Winter very -clear and serene; if they see a little black cloud in the -<em>North-West</em>, no bigger than a man may cover with his Hat,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -they expect a following storm, the cloud in short time spreading -round about the Horizon accompanied with violent -gusts of wind, rain, and many times lightning and terrible -thunder. In all Countries they have observations how the -weather will fall out, and these rules following are observable -in <em>New-England</em>. If the Moon look bright and -fair, look for fair weather, also the appearing of one Rainbow -after a storm, is a known sign of fair weather; if mists -come down from the Hills, or descend from the Heavens, -and settle in the valleys, they promise fair hot weather; -mists in the Evening shew a fair hot day on the morrow: -the like when mists rise from waters in the Evening. The -obscuring of the smaller Stars is a certain sign of Tempests -approaching; the oft changing of the wind is also a -fore-runner of a storm; the resounding of the Sea from -the shore, and murmuring of [p. 57.] the winds in the -woods without apparent wind, sheweth wind to follow: -shooting of the Stars (as they call it) is an usual sign of -wind from that quarter the Star came from. So look -whether the resounding of the Sea upon the shore be on -the <em>East</em> or <em>West</em> side of the dwelling, out of that quarter -will the wind proceed the next day. The redness of the -sky in the morning, is a token of winds, or rain or both: -if the Circles that appear about the Sun be red and broken, -they portend wind; if thick and dark, wind, snow and -rain; the like may be said of the Circles about the moon. -If two rain-bowes appear, they are a sign of rain; If the -Sun or Moon look pale, look for rain: if a dark cloud be -at Sun-rising, in which the Sun soon after is hid, it will -dissolve it, and rain will follow; <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">nebula ascendens indicat -imbres, nebula descendens serenitatem</i>. If the Sun seem<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -greater in the <em>East</em>, than in the <em>West</em> about Sun-setting, -and that there appears a black cloud, you may expect rain -that night, or the day following.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent0"><i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Serò rubens Cælum cras indicat esse serenum,</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sed si manè rubet venturos indicat Imbres.</i></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>[p. 58.] To conclude; if the white hills look clear and -conspicuous, it is a sign of fair weather; if black and -cloudy, of rain; if yellow, it is a certain sign of snow -shortly to ensue.</p> - -<p>In <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1667. <em>March</em>, appeared a sign in the -Heavens in the form of a Sphear, pointing directly to the -<em>West</em>: and in the year following on the third day of <em>April</em> -being <em>Friday</em>, there was a terrible Earthquake, before that -a very great one in 1638. and another in 58 and in 1662/3. -<em>January</em> 26, 27, & 28. (which was the year before I came -thither) there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 times in the space -of three dayes. Earthquakes are frequent in the Countrie; -some suppose that the white mountains were first -raised by Earthquakes, they are hollow as may be guessed -by the resounding of the rain upon the level on the top. -The <em>Indians</em> told us of a River whose course was not only -stopt by an Earthquake in 1668. (as near as I can remember) -but the whole River swallowed up. And I have -heard it reported from credible persons, that (whilst I was -there in the Countrie) there happened a terrible Earthquake -amongst the <em>French</em>, rending a huge Rock asunder -even to the center, wherein was a vast hollow of an immeasurable -depth, out of which came many infernal Spirits. -I shall [p. 59.] conclude this discourse of Earthquakes,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span> -with that which came from the Pen of our Royal Martyr -King <em>Charles</em> the First; <em>A storm at Sea wants not its terrour, -but an Earthquake, shaking the very foundation of -all, the World hath nothing more of horrour.</em> And now I -come to the plants of the Countrie.</p> - -<p>The plants in <em>New-England</em> for the variety, number, -beauty, and vertues, may stand in Competition with the -plants of any Countrey in Europe. <em>Johnson</em> hath added -to <em>Gerard’s</em> Herbal 300. and <em>Parkinson</em> mentioneth many -more; had they been in <em>New-England</em> they might have -found 1000 at least never heard of nor seen by any <em>Englishman</em> -before: ’Tis true, the Countrie hath no <em>Bonerets</em>, -or <em>Tartarlambs</em>, no glittering coloured <em>Tuleps</em>; but here -you have the <em>American Mary-Gold</em>, the <em>Earth-nut</em> bearing -a princely Flower, the beautiful leaved <em>Pirola</em>, the -honied <em>Colibry</em>, &c. They are generally of (somewhat) a -more masculine vertue, than any of the same species in -<em>England</em>, but not in so terrible a degree, as to be mischievous -or ineffectual to our <em>English</em> bodies. <em>It is affirmed -by some that no forraign Drugg or Simple can be so proper -to Englishmen as their own, for the quantity of</em> Opium -<em>which Turks do safely take will kill four Englishmen, and -that which will</em> [p. 60.] <em>salve their wounds within a day, -will not recure an Englishman in three.</em> To which I -answer that it is custom that brings the <em>Turks</em> to the familiar -use of <em>Opium</em>. You may have heard of a <em>Taylor</em> -in <em>Kent</em>, who being afflicted with want of sleep ventured -upon <em>Opium</em>, taking at first a grain, and increasing of it -till it came to an ounce, which quantitie he took as familiarly -as a <em>Turk</em>, without any harm, more than that he -could not sleep without it. The <em>English</em> in <em>New-England</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span> -take white <em>Hellebore</em>, which operates as fairly with them, -as with the <em>Indians</em>, who steeping of it in water sometime, -give it to young lads gathered together a purpose to drink, -if it come up they force them to drink again their vomit, -(which they save in a Birchen-dish) till it stayes with them, -& he that gets the victory of it is made Captain of the -other lads for that year. There is a plant likewise, called -for want of a name <em>Clownes wound wort</em> by the <em>English</em>, -though it be not the same, that will heal a green wound -in 24 hours, if a wise man have the ordering of it. Thus -much for the general, I shall now begin to discover unto -you the plants more particularly, and I shall first begin -with Trees, and of them, first with such as are called in -Scripture Trees of God, that is great [p. 61.] Trees, that -grow of themselves without planting. Psal. 104. 16, 17. -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Satiantur arbores Jehovæ</i>, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">cedri Libani quas plantavit</i>; -(<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ubi aviculæ nidificent</i>) <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">abietes domicilia ciconiæ</i>. The -Herons take great delight to sit basking upon the tops of -these Trees. And I shall not be over large in any, having -written of them in my Treatise of the rarities of <em>New-England</em>, -to which I refer you.</p> - -<p>The <em>Oake</em> I have given you an account of, and the -kinds; I shall add the ordering of Red <em>Oake</em> for Wainscot. -When they have cut it down and clear’d it from the -branches, they pitch the body of the Tree in a muddy -place in a River, with the head downward for some time, -afterwards they draw it out, and when it is seasoned sufficiently, -they saw it into boards for Wainscot, and it will -branch out into curious works.</p> - -<p>There is an admirable rare Creature in shape like a -<em>Buck</em>, with Horns, of a gummy substance, which I have<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span> -often found in the fall of the leaf upon the ground amongst -the withered leaves; a living Creature I cannot call it; -having only the sign of a mouth and eyes: seldom or -never shall you meet with any of them whole, but the -head and horns, or the hinder parts, broken off from the -rest; the <em>Indians</em> call them Tree <em>Bucks</em>, and have a superstitious -saying (for I believe [p. 62.] they never see any of -them living) that if they can see a Tree-<em>Buck</em> walking -upon the branches of an <em>Oake</em> when they go out in a -morning to hunt, they shall have good luck that day. -What they are good for I know not, but certainly there is -some more than ordinary vertue in them. It is true that -nothing in nature is superfluous, and we have the Scripture -to back it, that God created nothing in vain. The -like Creatures they <em>have at the</em> Barbadoes <em>which they call</em> -Negroes <em>heads, found in the Sands, about two inches long, -with forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, chin, and part of the neck, -they are alwayes found loose in the Sands without any root, -it is as black as Jet, but whence it comes they know not. I -have read likewise, that in the</em> Canaries <em>or</em> Fortunate-Islands, -<em>there is found a certain Creature, which Boys bring -home from the mountains as oft as they would, and named -them</em> Tudesquels, <em>or little</em> Germans: <em>for they were dry’d -dead Carcases, almost three footed, which any boy did easily -carry in one of the palms of his hand, and they were of an -humane shape; but the whole dead Carcase was clearly like -unto Parchment, and their bones were flexible, as it were -gristles: against the Sun, also, their bowels and intestines -were seen. Surely (saith my Authour) the destroyed race -of the</em> Pigmies <em>was there</em>. There is [p. 63.] also many -times found upon the leaves of the <em>Oake</em> a Creature like<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span> -a <em>Frog</em>, being as thin as a leaf, and transparent, as yellow -as Gold, with little fiery red eyes, the <em>English</em> call them -Tree-frogs or Tree-toads (but of Tree-toads I shall have -occasion to speak in another place) they are said to be venemous, -but may be safely used, being admirable to stop -womens over-flowing courses hung about their necks in a -Taffetie bag.</p> - -<p><em>Captain</em> Smith <em>writes that in</em> New-England <em>there -growes a certain berry called</em> Kermes, <em>worth</em> 10 <em>shillings -a pound, and had been formerly sold for</em> 30 <em>or</em> 40 <em>shillings -a pound, which may yearly be gathered in good quantity.</em> -I have sought for this berry, he speaks of, as a man should -seek for a needle in a bottle of Hay, but could never light -upon it; unless that kind of <em>Solomon-seal</em> called by the -<em>English</em> Treacle-berry be it. <em>Gerard</em> our famous Herbalist -<em>writes that they grow upon a little Tree called</em> Scarlet-Oake, -<em>the leaves have one sharp prickle at the end of it; it -beareth small</em> Acorns: <em>But the grain or berry growes out -of the woody branches, like an excrescence of the substance of -the</em> Oake-Apple, <em>and of the bigness of Pease, at first white, -when ripe of an</em> Ash-colour, <em>which ingenders little Maggots, -which when it begins</em> [p. 64.] <em>to have wings are put -into a bag and boulted up and down till dead, and then -made up into lumps, the Maggot as most do deem is</em> Cutchenele; -<em>So that</em> Chermes <em>is</em> Cutchenele: <em>the berries dye -scarlet. Mr.</em> George Sands <em>in his Travels saith (much to -the same purpose) that scarlet dye growes like a blister on the -leaf of the Holy</em> Oake, <em>a little shrub, yet producing</em> Acorns, -<em>being gathered they rub out of it a certain red dust, that -converteth after a while into worms, which they kill with -Wine, when they begin to quicken. See farther concerning<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> -Treacle-berries and</em> Cutchinele <em>in the rarities of</em> New-England.</p> - -<p>The Pine-Tree challengeth the next place, and that -sort which is called Board-pine is the principal, it is a -stately large Tree, very tall, and sometimes two or three -fadom about: of the body the <em>English</em> make large <em>Canows</em> -of 20 foot long, and two foot and a half over, hollowing -of them with an Adds, and shaping of the outside like a -Boat. Some conceive that the wood called <em>Gopher</em> in -Scripture, of which <em>Noah</em> made the Ark, was no other -than Pine, <em>Gen.</em> 6. 14. The bark thereof is good for -Ulcers in tender persons that refuse sharp medicines. -The inner bark of young board-pine cut small and stampt -and boiled in a Gallon of water is a very soveraign medicine -for burn [p. 65.] or scald, washing the sore with some -of the decoction, and then laying on the bark stampt very -soft: or for frozen limbs, to take out the fire and to heal -them, take the bark of Board-pine-Tree, cut it small and -stamp it and boil it in a gallon of water to Gelly, wash the -sore with the liquor, stamp the bark again till it be very -soft and bind it on. The Turpentine is excellent to heal -wounds and cuts, and hath all the properties of <em>Venice</em> -Turpentine, the Rosen is as good as Frankincense, and -the powder of the dryed leaves generateth flesh; the distilled -water of the green Cones taketh away wrinkles in -the face being laid on with Cloths.</p> - -<p>The Firr-tree is a large Tree too, but seldom so big as -the Pine, the bark is smooth, with knobs or blisters, in -which lyeth clear liquid Turpentine very good to be put -into salves and oyntments, the leaves or Cones boiled in -Beer are good for the Scurvie, the young buds are excellent<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span> -to put into Epithemes for Warts and Corns, the -Rosen is altogether as good as Frankincense; out of this -Tree the Poleakers draw Pitch and Tarr; the manner I -shall give you, for that it may (with many other things -contained in this Treatise) be beneficial to my Countrymen, -either there already seated, or that [p. 66.] may happen -to go thither hereafter. Out of the fattest wood -changed into Torch-wood, which is a disease in that Tree, -they draw Tarr, first a place must be paved with stone or -the like, a little higher in the middle, about which there -must be made gutters, into which the liquor falls, then out -from them other gutters are to be drawn, by which it may -be received, then is it put into barrels. The place thus -prepared, the cloven wood must be set upright, then must -it be covered with a great number of firr and pitch bowes; -and on every part all about with much lome and sods of -earth, and great heed must be taken, lest there be any cleft -or chink remaining, only a hole left in the top of the furnace, -through which the fire may be put in, and the flame -and smoak to pass out: when the fire burneth, the Pitch -or Tarr runneth forth first thin and then thicker; of which -when it is boiled is made Pitch: the powder of dried -Pitch is used to generate flesh in wounds and sores. The -knots of this Tree and fat-pine are used by the <em>English</em> -instead of Candles, and it will burn a long time, but it -makes the people pale.</p> - -<p>The Spruce-tree I have given you an account of in my -<em>New-England</em> rarities. In the North-east of <em>Scotland</em> -upon the banks [p. 67.] of <em>Lough-argick</em>, there hath been -formerly of these Trees 28 handful about at the Root, and -their bodies mounted to 90 foot of height, bearing at the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span> -length 20 inches diameter. At <em>Pascataway</em> there is now -a Spruce-tree brought down to the water-side by our -Mass-men of an incredible bigness, and so long that no -Skipper durst ever yet adventure to ship it, but there it -lyes and Rots.</p> - -<p>The Hemlock-tree is a kind of spruce or pine; the bark -boiled and stampt till it be very soft is excellent for to heal -wounds, and so is the Turpentine thereof, and the Turpentine -that issueth from the Cones of the Larch-tree, -(which comes nearest of any to the right Turpentine) is -singularly good to heal wounds, and to draw out the malice -(or Thorn, as <em>Helmont</em> phrases it) of any Ach, rubbing -the place therewith, and strowing upon it the powder of -<em>Sage</em>-leaves.</p> - -<p>The white Cedar is a stately Tree, and is taken by some -to be <em>Tamarisk</em>, this Tree the <em>English</em> saw into boards to -floor their Rooms, for which purpose it is excellent, long -lasting, and wears very smooth and white; likewise they -make shingles to cover their houses with instead of tyle, it -will never warp. This Tree, the Oak and the [p. 68.] -Larch-tree are best for building. Groundsels made of -Larch-tree will never rot, and the longer it lyes the harder -it growes, that you may almost drive a nail into a bar of -Iron as easily as into that. Oh, that my Countreymen -might obtain that blessing with their buildings, which -<em>Esay</em> prophesied to the <em>Jewes</em> in the 65 Chapter and 22 -verse. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Non ædificabunt & alius inhabitabit, non plantabunt -& alius comedet: sed ut sunt dies Arboris, dies erunt -populi mei, & opus manuum suarum deterent electi mei.</i></p> - -<p>The Sassafras-tree is no great Tree, I have met with -some as big as my middle, the rind is tawny and upon that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span> -a thin colour of Ashes, the inner part is white, of an excellent -smell like Fennel, of a sweet tast with some bitterness; -the leaves are like Fig-leaves of a dark green. A -decoction of the Roots and bark thereof sweetned with -Sugar, and drunk in the morning fasting will open the -body and procure a stool or two, it is good for the Scurvie -taken some time together, and laying upon the legs -the green leaves of white <em>Hellebore</em>. They give it to Cows -that have newly calved to make them cast their Cleanings. -This Tree growes not beyond <em>Black-point</em> Eastward: it is -observed, that there is no province but produces Trees -and plants not growing in other Regions.</p> - - -<p class="noindent">[p. 69.] <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Non omnis fert omnia tellus.</i></p> - -<p>The Walnut which is divers, some bearing square nuts, -others like ours, but smaller: there is likewise black Walnut -of precious use for Tables, Cabinets and the like. -The Walnut-tree is the toughest wood in the Countrie, -and therefore made use of for Hoops and Bowes, there -being no Yew there growing; In <em>England</em> they made -their Bowes usually of Witch Hasel, Ash, Yew, the best -of outlandish Elm, but the <em>Indians</em> make theirs of Walnut.</p> - -<p>The Line-tree with long nuts, the other kind I could -never find: the wood of this Tree, Laurel, Rhamnus, -Holly and Ivy are accounted for woods that cause fire by -attrition; Laurel and Ivy are not growing in <em>New-England</em>: -the <em>Indians</em> will rub two sear’d sticks of any sort of -wood, and kindle a fire with them presently.</p> - -<p>The Maple-tree, on the boughs of this Tree I have often -found a jellied substance like <em>Jewes-Ears</em>, which I found -upon tryal to be as good for sore throats <em>&c.</em></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span></p> - -<p>The Birch-tree is of two kinds, ordinary Birch, and -black Birch, many of these Trees are stript of their bark -by the <em>Indians</em>, who make of it their Canows, Kettles, [p. -70.] and Birchen-dishes: there is an excrescence growing -out of the body of the Tree called spunck, or dead mens -Caps, it growes at the Roots of Ash, or Beech, or Elm; -but the best is that which growes upon the black Birch, -this boiled and beaten, and then dried in an Oven maketh -excellent Touch-wood, and Balls to play with.</p> - -<p>Alder, of which wood there is abundance in the wet -swamps: the bark thereof with the yolke of an Egg is -good for a strain; an <em>Indian</em> bruising of his knee, chew’d -the bark of Alder fasting and laid it to, which quickly -helped him. The wives of our West-Countrey English -make a drink with the seeds of Alder, giving it to their -Children troubled with the <em>Alloes</em>. I have talk’d with -many of them, but could never apprehend what disease it -should be they so name, these Trees are called by some -Sullinges.</p> - -<p>The <em>Indians</em> tell of a Tree that growes far up in the -land, that is as big as an Oake, that will cure the falling-sickness -infallibly, what part thereof they use, Bark, Wood, -leaves or fruit, I could never learn; they promised often -to bring of it to me, but did not. I have seen a stately -Tree growing here and there in valleys, not like to any -Trees in Europe, having a smooth bark of [p. 71.] a dark -brown colour, the leaves like great Maple, in <em>England</em> -called Sycamor, but larger, it may be this is the Tree they -brag of.</p> - -<p>Thus much concerning Trees, now I shall present to -your view the Shrubs; and first of the Sumach Shrub,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span> -which as I have told you in <em>New-Englands</em> rarities, differeth -from all the kinds set down in our <em>English</em> Herbals; -the root dyeth wool or cloth reddish, the decoction -of the leaves in wine drunk, is good for all Fluxes of the -belly in man or woman, the whites, <em>&c.</em> For galled -places stamp the leaves with honey, and apply it, nothing -so soon healeth a wound in the head as Sumach stampt and -applyed once in three dayes, the powder strewed in stayeth -the bleeding of wounds: The seed of Sumach pounded and -mixt with honey, healeth the Hemorrhoids, the gum put -into a hollow tooth asswageth the pain, the bark or berries -in the fall of the leaf, is as good as galls to make Ink of.</p> - -<p>Elder in <em>New-England</em> is shrubbie, & dies once in two -years: there is a sort of dwarf-Elder that growes by the -Sea-side that hath a red pith, the berries of both are -smaller than <em>English</em>-Elder, not round but corner’d, neither -of them smell so strong as ours.</p> - -<p>Juniper growes for the most part by the Sea-side, it -bears abundance of skie-coloured [p. 72.] berries fed upon -by Partridges, and hath a woodie root, which induceth me -to believe that the plant mention’d in Job 30. 4. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Qui -decerpebant herbas é salsilagine cum stirpibus: etiam radices -Juniperorum cibo erant illis</i>, was our <em>Indian</em> plant -<em>Cassava</em>. They write that <em>Juniper</em>-coals preserve fire -longest of any, keeping fire a whole year without supply, -yet the <em>Indian</em> never burns of it.</p> - -<p>Sweet fern, see the rarities of <em>New England</em>, the tops -and nucaments of sweet fern boiled in water or milk and -drunk helpeth all manner of Fluxes, being boiled in water -it makes an excellent liquor for Inck.</p> - -<p>Current-bushes are of two kinds red and black, the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span> -black currents which are larger than the red smell like -cats piss, yet are reasonable pleasant in eating.</p> - -<p>The Gooseberry-bush, the berry of which is called Grosers -or thorn Grapes, grow all over the Countrie, the berry -is but small, of a red or purple colour when ripe.</p> - -<p>There is a small shrub which is very common, growing -sometimes to the height of Elder, bearing a berry like in -shape to the fruit of the white thorn, of a pale yellow colour -at first, then red, when it is ripe of a deep purple, of -a delicate Aromatical tast, somewhat stiptick: to conclude, -[p. 73.] alwayes observe this rule in taking or refusing -unknown fruit: if you find them eaten of the fowl or -beast, you may boldly venture to eat of them, otherwise do -not touch them.</p> - -<p><em>Maze</em>, otherwise called <em>Turkie</em>-wheat, or rather <em>Indian</em>-wheat, -because it came first from thence; the leaves -boiled and drunk helpeth pain in the back; of the stalks -when they are green you may make <em>Beverage</em>, as they do -with <em>Calamels</em>, or Sugar-canes. The raw Corn chewed -ripens felons or Cats hairs, or you may lay Samp to it: -The <em>Indians</em> before it be thorow ripe eat of it parched. -Certainly the parched corn that <em>Abigail</em> brought to <em>David</em> -was of this kind of grain, 1 Sam. 25. 18. <em>The Jewes -manner was (as it is delivered to us by a learned Divine) -first to parch their Corn, then they fryed it, and lastly they -boiled it to a paste, and then tempered it with water, Cheese-Curds, -Honey and Eggs, this they carried drye with them -to the Camp, and so wet the Cakes in Wine or milk; such -was the pulse too of</em> Africa.</p> - -<p><em>French</em>-beans, or rather <em>American</em>-beans, the Herbalists -call them kidney-beans from their shape and effects, for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span> -they strengthen the kidneys; they are variegated much, -some being bigger a great deal than others; some [p. 74.] -white, black, red, yellow, blew, spotted; besides your -<em>Bonivis</em> and <em>Calavances</em> and the kidney-bean, that is -proper to <em>Ronoake</em>, but these are brought into the Countrie, -the other are natural to the climate. So the <em>Mexico</em> -pompion which is flat and deeply camphered, the flesh -laid to, asswageth pain of the eyes. The water-mellon is -proper to the Countrie, the flesh of it is of a flesh colour, -a rare cooler of Feavers, and excellent against the stone. -<em>Pomum spinosum</em> and <em>palma-Christi</em> too growes not here, -unless planted, brought from <em>Peru</em>; the later is thought -to be the plant, that shaded Jonah <em>the Prophet</em>, Jonas 4. 6. -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Paraverat enim</i> Jehova <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Deus ricinum qui ascenderet supra</i> -Jonam, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ut esset umbra super caput ejus ereptura eum à -malo ipsius; lætabaturque</i> Jonas <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">de ricino illo lætitia -magna</i>. <em>Ricinum</em>, that is <em>palma Christi</em>, called also <em>cucurbita</em>, -and therefore translated a Gourd.</p> - -<p>Tobacco, or <em>Tabacca</em> so called from <em>Tabaco</em> or <em>Tabago</em>, -one of the <em>Caribbe</em>-Islands about 50 <em>English</em> miles from -<em>Trinidad</em>. The right name, according to <em>Monardus</em>, is -<em>picielte</em>, as others will <em>petum</em>, <em>nicotian</em> from <em>Nicot</em>, a Portingal, -to whom it was presented for a raritie in <em>Anno -Dom.</em> 1559. by one that brought it from <em>Florida</em>. Great -contest there is about the time when it was first [p. 75.] -brought into <em>England</em>, some will have Sir <em>John Hawkins</em> -the first, others Sir <em>Francis Drake’s</em> Mariners; others -again say that one Mr. <em>Lane</em> imployed by Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> -brought it first into England; all conclude that Sir -<em>Walter Rawleigh</em> brought it first in use. <em>It is observed that -no one kind of forraign Commodity yieldeth greater advantage<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span> -to the publick than Tobacco, it is generally made the -complement of our entertainment, and hath made more -slaves than</em> Mahomet. There is three sorts of it Marchantable, -the first horse Tobacco, having a broad long -leaf piked at the end; the second round pointed Tobacco; -third sweet scented Tobacco. These are made up into -Cane, leaf or ball; there is little of it planted in <em>New-England</em>, -neither have they learned the right way of curing -of it. It is sowen in <em>April</em> upon a bed of rich mould -sifted, they make a bed about three yards long, or more -according to the ground they intend to plant, and a yard -and a half over; this they tread down hard, then they sow -their seed upon it as thick as may be, and sift fine earth -upon it, then tread it down again as hard as possible they -can, when it hath gotten four or six leaves, they remove it -into the planting ground; when it begins to bud towards -flowring, they crop off the [p. 76.] top, for the Flower -drawes away the strength of the leaf. For the rest I refer -you to the Planter, being not willing to discover their -mysteries. The <em>Indians</em> in <em>New-England</em> use a small -round leafed Tobacco, called by them, or the Fishermen -Poke. <em>It is odious to the</em> English. <em>The vertues of Tobacco -are these, it helps digestion, the Gout, the Tooth-ach, -prevents infection by scents, it heats the cold, and cools them -that sweat, feedeth the hungry, spent spirits restoreth, purgeth -the stomach, killeth nits and lice; the juice of the green -leaf healeth green wounds, although poysoned; the Syrup -for many diseases, the smoak for the Phthisick, cough of the -lungs, distillations of Rheume, and all diseases of a cold -and moist cause, good for all bodies cold and moist taken -upon an emptie stomach, taken upon a full stomach it precipitates<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span> -digestion, immoderately taken it dryeth the body, -enflameth the bloud, hurteth the brain, weakens the eyes and -the sinews.</em></p> - -<p>White <em>Hellebore</em> is used for the Scurvie by the <em>English</em>. -A friend of mine gave them first a purge, then conserve -of Bear-berries, then fumed their leggs with vinegar, -sprinkled upon a piece of mill-stone made hot, and applied -to the sores white <em>Hellebore</em> leaves; drink made of -<em>Orpine</em> and <em>sorrel</em> were given likewise with it, and [p. 77.] -Sea-scurvie-grass. To kill lice, boil the roots of <em>Hellebore</em> -in milk, and anoint the hair of the head therewith or -other places.</p> - -<p><em>Mandrake</em>, is a very rare plant, the <em>Indians</em> know it not, -it is found in the woods about <em>Pascataway</em>, they do in -plain terms stink, therefore <em>Reubens</em> Flowers that he -brought home were not <em>Mandrakes</em>, Gen. 30. 14, 15, 16. -<em>They are rendered in the Latine</em> <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Amabiles flores</span>, <em>the same -word say our Divines is used in</em> Canticles, 7. 4. <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Amabiles -istos flores edentes odorem, & secundum ostia nostra -omnes pretiosos fructus, recentes simulac veteres, dilecte -mi, repono tibi.</span> <em>So that the right translation is</em>, Reuben -<em>brought home amiable and sweet smelling Flowers; this in -the</em> Canticles (<em>say they</em>) <em>expounding the other</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Calamus Aromaticus</em>, or the sweet smelling reed, it -Flowers in <em>July</em>; see <em>New-Englands</em> rarities.</p> - -<p><em>Sarsaparilla</em> or roughbind-weed (as some describe it) -the leaves and whole bind set with thorns, of this there is -store growing upon the banks of Ponds. See the rarities -of <em>New-England</em>. The leaves of the <em>Sarsaparilla</em> there -described pounded with Hogs grease and boiled to an -unguent, is excellent in the curing of wounds.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span></p> - -<p>Live for ever, it is a kind of <em>Cud-weed</em>, [p. 78.] flourisheth -all summer long till cold weather comes in, it growes -now plentifully in our <em>English</em> Gardens, it is good for -cough of the lungs, and to cleanse the breast taken as you -do Tobacco; and for pain in the head the decoction, or -the juice strained and drunk in Bear, Wine, or Aqua -vitæ, killeth worms. The Fishermen when they want -Tobacco take this herb being cut and dryed.</p> - -<p><em>Lysimachus</em> or Loose-strife: there are several kinds, but -the most noted is the yellow <em>Lysimachus</em> of <em>Virginia</em>, the -root is longish and white, as thick as ones thumb, the -stalkes of an overworn colour, and a little hairie, the middle -vein of the leaf whitish, the Flower yellow and like -Primroses, and therefore called Tree-primrose, growes -upon seedie vessels, <em>&c.</em> The first year it growes not up -to a stalke, but sends up many large leaves handsomely -lying one upon another, Rose fashion, Flowers in <em>June</em>, the -seed is ripe in <em>August</em>, this as I have said is taken by the -<em>English</em> for Scabious.</p> - -<p>St. <em>John’s</em> wort, it preserveth Cheese made up in it, at Sea.</p> - -<p>Spurge or Wolfes milch there are several sorts.</p> - -<p><em>Avens</em>, or herb-bennet; you have an account of it in -<em>New-Englands</em> rarities, but one [p. 79.] thing more I -shall add, that you may plainly perceive a more masculine -quality in the plants growing in <em>New-England</em>. A -neighbour of mine in Hay-time, having overheat himself, -and melted his grease, with striving to outmowe another -man, fell dangerously sick, not being able to turn himself -in his bed, his stomach gon, and his heart fainting ever -and anon; to whom I administered the decoction of <em>Avens</em>-Roots -and leaves in water and wine, sweetning it with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span> -Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers, in one weeks time it recovered -him, so that he was able to perform his daily work, -being a poor planter or husbandman as we call them.</p> - -<p>Red-Lilly growes all over the Countrey amongst the -bushes. Mr. <em>Johnson</em> upon <em>Gerard</em> takes the Tulip to be -the Lilly of the field mentioned by our Saviour, Matth. -6. 28, 29. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ac de vestitu quid soliciti estis? discite quomodo -lilia agrorum augescant: non fatigantur, neque nent, sed -dico vobis, ne Solomonem quidem cum universa gloria sic -amictum fuisse ut unum ex istis.</i> Solomon <em>in all his Royalty -was not like one of them. His reasons are, first from -the shape, like a lilly; The second, because those places where -our Saviour was conversant they grow wild in the fields. -Third, the infinite variety of the</em> [p. 80.] <em>colours. The -fourth and last reason, the wondrous beautie and mixture -of these Flowers.</em></p> - -<p>Water-lillys; the black roots dryed and pulverized, are -wondrous effectual in the stopping of all manner of fluxes -of the belly, drunk with wine or water.</p> - -<p><em>Herba-paris</em>, one berry, herb true love, or four-leaved -night-shade, the leaves are good to be laid upon hot -tumours.</p> - -<p><em>Umbilicus veneris</em>, or <em>New-England</em> daisie, it is good for -hot humours, <em>Erisipelas</em>, St. <em>Anthonie’s</em> fire, all inflammations.</p> - -<p><em>Glass-wort</em>, a little quantity of this plant you may take -for the Dropsie, but be very careful that you take not too -much, for it worketh impetuously.</p> - -<p>Water-plantane, called in <em>New-England</em> water Suck-leaves, -and Scurvie-leaves, you must lay them whole to the -leggs to draw out water between the skin and the flesh.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65"></a>[65]</span></p> - -<p><em>Rosa-solis</em>, Sun-dew, moor-grass, this plant I have seen -more of, than ever I saw in my whole life before in <em>England</em>, -a man may gather upon some marish-grounds an -incredible quantity in a short time; towards the middle -of <em>June</em> it is in its season, for then its spear is shot out to -its length, of which they take hold and pull the whole -plant up by the roots from the moss with ease.</p> - -<p>[p. 81.] <em>Amber</em>-greese I take to be a Mushroom, see the -rarities of <em>New-England</em>. Monardus <em>writeth that</em> Amber<em>-greese -riseth out of a certain clammy and bituminous earth -under the Seas, and by the Sea-side, the billows casting up -part of it a land, and fish devour the rest; Some say it is -the seed of a Whale, others, that it springeth from fountains -as pitch doth, which fishes swallow down; the air congealeth -it.</em> And sometimes it is found in the crevises and corners -of Rocks.</p> - -<p><em>Fuss-balls</em>, <em>Mullipuffes</em> called by the Fishermen Wolves-farts, -are to be found plentifully, and those bigger by -much than any I have seen in <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Coraline</em> there is infinite store of it cast upon the shore, -and another plant that is more spinie, of a Red colour, -and as hard as Corral. <em>Coraline</em> laid to the gout easeth -the pain.</p> - -<p>Sea-Oake or wreach, or Sea-weed, the black pouches -of Oar-weed dryed and pulverized, and drunk with White-wine, -is an excellent remedy for the stone.</p> - -<p>I will finish this part of my relation concerning plants, -with an admirable plant for the curing and taking away -of Corns, which many times sore troubleth the Traveller: -it is not above a handful high; the little branches are -woodie, the leaves like [p. 82.] the leaves of Box, but<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66"></a>[66]</span> -broader and much thicker, hard and of a deep grass-green -colour; this bruised or champt in the mouth and laid -upon the Corn will take it away clean in one night. And -observe all <em>Indian</em> Trees and plants, their Roots are but -of small depth, and so they must be set.</p> - -<p>Of Beasts of the earth there be scarce 120 several kinds, -and not much more of the Fowls of the Air, is the opinion -of some Naturalists; there are not many kinds of -Beasts in <em>New-England</em>, they may be divided into Beasts -of the Chase of the stinking foot, as <em>Roes</em>, <em>Foxes</em>, <em>Jaccals</em>, -<em>Wolves</em>, <em>Wild-cats</em>, <em>Raccons</em>, <em>Porcupines</em>, <em>Squncks</em>, <em>Musquashes</em>, -<em>Squirrels</em>, <em>Sables</em>, and <em>Mattrises</em>; and Beasts of -the Chase of the sweet foot, <em>Buck</em>, Red <em>Dear</em>, Rain-<em>Dear</em>, -<em>Elke</em>, <em>Marouse</em>, <em>Maccarib</em>, <em>Bear</em>, <em>Beaver</em>, <em>Otter</em>, <em>Marten</em>, -<em>Hare</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Roe</em> a kind of Deer, and the fleetest Beast upon -earth is here to be found, and is good venison, but not -over fat.</p> - -<p>The <em>Fox</em>, the male is called a dog-fox, the female a -bitch-fox, they go a clicketing the beginning of the spring, -and bring forth their Cubs in <em>May</em> and <em>June</em>. There are -two or three kinds of them; one a great yellow <em>Fox</em>, another -grey, who will climb up into Trees; the black <em>Fox</em> -is of much esteem. <em>Foxes</em> and <em>Wolves</em> are usually hunted -[p. 83.] in <em>England</em> from <em>Holy-Rood</em> day, till the <em>Annunciation</em>. -In <em>New-England</em> they make best sport in the -depth of winter; they lay a sledg-load of Cods-heads on -the other side of a paled fence when the moon shines, -and about nine or ten of the clock the <em>Foxes</em> come to it, -sometimes two or three, or half a dozen, and more; these -they shoot, and by that time they have cased them, there<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67"></a>[67]</span> -will be as many; So they continue shooting and killing -of <em>Foxes</em> as long as the moon shineth; I have known half -a score kill’d in one night. Their pisles are bonie like a -doggs, their fat liquified and put into the ears easeth the -pain, their tails or bushes are very fair ones and of good -use, but their skins are so thin (yet thick set with deep -furr) that they will hardly hold the dressing.</p> - -<p><em>Jaccals</em> there be abundance, which is a Creature much -like a <em>Fox</em>, but smaller, they are very frequent in <em>Palæstina</em>, -or the <em>Holy-land</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Wolf</em> seeketh his mate and goes a clicketing at -the same season with <em>Foxes</em>, and bring forth their whelps -as they do, but their kennels are under thick bushes by -great Trees in remote places by the swamps, he is to be -hunted as the <em>Fox</em> from <em>Holy-rood</em> day till the <em>Annunciation</em>. -But there [p. 84.] they have a quicker way to destroy -them. See <em>New-Englands</em> rarities. They commonly -go in routs, a rout of <em>Wolves</em> is 12 or more, sometimes by -couples. In 1664. we found a <em>Wolf</em> asleep in a small dry -swamp under an Oake, a great mastiff which we had with -us seized upon him, and held him till we had put a rope -about his neck, by which we brought him home, and -tying of him to a stake we bated him with smaller Doggs, -and had excellent sport; but his hinder legg being broken, -they knockt out his brains. Sometime before this we had -an excellent course after a single <em>Wolf</em> upon the hard -sands by the Sea-side at low water for a mile or two, at -last we lost our doggs, it being (as the <em>Lancashire</em> people -phrase it) twi-light, that is almost dark, and went beyond -them, for a mastiff-bitch had seized upon the <em>Wolf</em> being -gotten into the Sea, and there held him, till one went in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68"></a>[68]</span> -and led him out, the bitch keeping her hold till they had -tyed his leggs, and so carried him home like a Calf upon -a staff between two men; being brought into the house -they unbound him and set him upon his leggs, he not -offering in the least to bite, or so much as to shew his -teeth, but clapping his stern betwixt his leggs, and leering -towards the door would willingly have had his liberty, -[p. 85.] but they served him as they did the other, knockt -his brains out, for our doggs were not then in a condition -to bate him; their eyes shine by night as a Lanthorn: -the Fangs of a <em>Wolf</em> hung about childrens necks keep -them from frighting, and are very good to rub their -gums with when they are breeding of Teeth, the gall of a -<em>Wolf</em> is Soveraign for swelling of the sinews; the fiants or -dung of a <em>Wolf</em> drunk with white-wine helpeth the <em>Collick</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Wild-cat</em>, <em>Lusern</em> or <em>luceret</em>, or Ounce as some call -it, is not inferiour to Lamb, their grease is very soveraign -for lameness upon taking cold.</p> - -<p>The <em>Racoon</em> or <em>Rattoon</em> is of two sorts, gray <em>Rattoons</em>, -and black <em>Rattoons</em>, their grease is soveraign for wounds -with bruises, aches, streins, bruises; and to anoint after -broken bones and dislocations.</p> - -<p>The <em>Squnck</em> is almost as big as a <em>Racoon</em>, perfect black -and white or pye-bald, with a bush-tail like a <em>Fox</em>, an offensive -Carion; the Urine of this Creature is of so strong -a scent, that if it light upon any thing, there is no abiding -of it, it will make a man smell, though he were of <em>Alexanders</em> -complexion; and so sharp that if he do but whisk his -bush which he pisseth upon in the face of a dogg hunting -of him, and that [p. 86.] any of it light in his eyes it -will make him almost mad with the smart thereof.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69"></a>[69]</span></p> - -<p>The <em>Musquashes</em> is a small Beast that lives in shallow -ponds, where they build them houses of earth and sticks -in shape like mole-hills, and feed upon <em>Calamus Aromaticus</em>: -in <em>May</em> they scent very strong of Muske; their furr -is of no great esteem; their stones wrapt up in Cotten-wool -will continue a long time, and are good to lay -amongst cloths to give them a grateful smell.</p> - -<p>The <em>Squirril</em>, of which there are three sorts, the mouse-squirril, -the gray squirril, and the flying squirril, called by -the <em>Indian</em> <em>Assapanick</em>. The mouse-squirril is hardly so -big as a Rat, streak’d on both sides with black and red -streaks, they are mischievous vermine destroying abundance -of Corn both in the field and in the house, where -they will gnaw holes into Chests, and tear clothes both -linnen and wollen, and are notable nut-gathers in <em>August</em>; -when hasel and filbert nuts are ripe you may see -upon every Nut-tree as many mouse-squirrils as leaves; -So that the nuts are gone in a trice, which they convey -to their Drays or Nests. The gray squirril is pretty large, -almost as big as a Conie, and are very good meat: in -some parts of the Countrie there are many of them. The -flying squirril is so called, [p. 87.] because (his skin being -loose and large) he spreads it on both sides like wings -when he passeth from one Tree to another at great distance. -I cannot call it flying nor leaping, for it is both.</p> - -<p>The <em>Mattrise</em> is a Creature whose head and fore-parts is -shaped somewhat like a Lyons, not altogether so big as a -house-cat, they are innumerable up in the Countrey, and -are esteemed good furr.</p> - -<p>The <em>Sable</em> is much of the size of a <em>Mattrise</em> perfect -black, but what store there is of them I cannot tell, I -never saw but two of them in Eight years space.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70"></a>[70]</span></p> - -<p>The <em>Martin</em> is as ours are in <em>England</em>, but blacker, -they breed in holes which they make in the earth like -Conies, and are innumerable, their skins or furr are in -much request.</p> - -<p>The <em>Buck</em>, <em>Stag</em>, and <em>Rain-Dear</em> are Creatures that will -live in the coldest climates, here they are innumerable, -bringing forth three <em>Fawns</em> or <em>Calves</em> at a time, which -they hide a mile asunder to prevent their destruction by -the <em>Wolves</em>, wild-<em>Cats</em>, <em>Bears</em>, and <em>Mequans</em>: when they -are in season they will be very fat; there are but few slain -by the <em>English</em>. The <em>Indians</em> who shoot them, and take -of them with toyls, bring them in [p. 88.] with their suet, -and the bones that grow upon <em>Stags-Hearts</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Moose</em> or <em>Elke</em> is a Creature, or rather if you will -a Monster of superfluity; a full grown <em>Moose</em> is many -times bigger than an <em>English</em> Oxe, their horns as I have -said elsewhere, very big (and brancht out into palms) the -tips whereof are sometimes found to be two fathom asunder, -(a fathom [p. 89.] is six feet from the tip of one finger -to the tip of the other, that is four cubits,) and in height -from the toe of the fore-foot, to the pitch of the shoulder -twelve foot, both which hath been taken by some of my -<em>sceptique</em> Readers to be monstrous lyes. If you consider -the breadth that the beast carrieth, and the magnitude of -the horns, you will be easily induced to contribute your -belief.</p> - -<p>What would you say, if I should tell you that in <em>Greenland</em> -there are <em>Does</em> that have as large horns as <em>Bucks</em>, -their brow Antlers growing downwards beyond their -<em>Musles</em>, and broad at the end wherewith they scrape away -the snow to the grass, it being impossible for them other-wayes -to live in those cold Countries; the head of one of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71"></a>[71]</span> -these <em>Does</em> was sometime since nailed upon a sign-post in -<em>Charter-house-lane</em>, and these following verses written upon -a board underneath it.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Like a</em> Bucks<em>-head I stand in open view,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>And yet am none; nay, wonder not, ’tis true;</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>The living Beast that these fair horns did owe</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Well known to many, was a</em> Green-land Doe</div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>The proverb old is here fulfill’d in me,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>That every like is not the same you see.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>And for their height since I came into <em>England</em> I have -read Dr. <em>Scroderns</em> his Chymical dispensatory translated -into <em>English</em> by Dr. <em>Rowland</em>, where he writes <em>that when -he lived in</em> Finland <em>under</em> Gustavus Horn, <em>he saw an</em> Elke -<em>that was killed and presented to</em> Gustavus <em>his Mother, seventeen -spans high</em>. Law you now Sirs of the Gibing crue, -if you have any skill in mensuration, tell me what difference -there is between Seventeen spans and twelve foot. -There are certain transcendentia in every Creature, which -are the indelible Characters of God, and which discover -God; There’s a prudential for you, as <em>John Rhodes</em> the -Fisherman used to say to his mate, <em>Kitt Lux</em>. But to go -on with the <em>Moose</em>; they are accounted a kind of Deer, -and have three <em>Calves</em> at a time, which they hide a mile -asunder too, as other Deer do, their skins make excellent -Coats for Martial men, their sinews which are as [p. 90.] -big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughness and -much used by the <em>Indians</em>, the bone that growes upon -their heart is an excellent Cordial, their bloud is as thick -as an <em>Asses</em> or <em>Bulls</em> who have the thickest bloud of all<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72"></a>[72]</span> -others, a man the thinnest. To what age they live I know -not, certainly a long time in their proper climate. <em>Some -particular living Creatures cannot live in every particular -place or region, especially with the same joy and felicity as -it did where it was first bred, for the certain agreement of -nature that is between the place and the thing bred in that -place: As appeareth by</em> Elephants<em>, which being translated -and brought out of the Second or Third Climate, though -they may live, yet will they never ingender or bring forth -young.</em> So for plants, Birds, <em>&c.</em> Of both these Creatures, -some few there have been brought into <em>England</em>, -but did not long continue. Sir <em>R. Baker</em> in his Chronicle -tells us of an <em>Elephant</em> in <em>Henry</em> the Thirds Raign, which -he saith was the first that was ever seen there, which as it -seems is an error, unless he restrain it to the <em>Norman’s</em> -time. For Mr. <em>Speed</em> writeth that <em>Claudius Drusius</em> Emperour -of <em>Rome</em> brought in the first in his Army; the -bones of which digg’d up since are taken for Gyants -bones. As for the <em>Moose</em> the first that was seen in <em>England</em>, -[p. 91.] was in King <em>Charles</em> the First Raign; thus -much for these magnals amongst the Creatures of God to -be wondered at, the next beast to be mentioned is</p> - -<p>The <em>Maurouse</em>, which is somewhat like a <em>Moose</em>, but his -horns are but small, and himself about the size of a <em>Stag</em>, -these are the Deer that the flat-footed <em>Wolves</em> hunt after.</p> - -<p>The <em>Maccarib</em> is a Creature not found that ever I -heard yet, but upon <em>Cape-Sable</em> near to the <em>French</em> plantations.</p> - -<p>The <em>Bear</em> when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature, -they bring forth their Cubs in <em>March</em>, hunted with doggs -they take a Tree where they shoot them, when he is fat he<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73"></a>[73]</span> -is excellent Venison, which is in <em>Acorn</em> time, and in winter, -but then there is none dares to attempt to kill him -but the <em>Indian</em>. He makes his Denn amongst thick -Bushes, thrusting in here and there store of <em>Moss</em>, which -being covered with snow and melting in the day time -with heat of the Sun, in the night is frozen into a thick -coat of Ice; the mouth of his Den is very narrow, here -they lye single, never two in a Den all winter. The <em>Indian</em> -as soon as he finds them, creeps in upon all four, -seizes with his left hand upon the neck of the sleeping -<em>Bear</em>, drags him to the mouth of [p. 92.] the Den, where -with a club or small hatchet in his right hand he knocks -out his brains before he can open his eyes to see his enemy. -But sometimes they are too quick for the <em>Indians</em>, -as one amongst them called black Robin lighting upon a -male <em>Bear</em> had a piece of his buttock torn off before he -could fetch his blow: their grease is very soveraign. One -Mr. <em>Purchase</em> cured himself of the <em>Sciatica</em> with <em>Bears</em>-greefe, -keeping some of it continually in his groine. It is -good too for swell’d Cheeks upon cold, for Rupture of the -hands in winter, for limbs taken suddenly with <em>Sciatica</em>, -<em>Gout</em>, or other diseases that cannot stand upright nor go, -bed-rid; it must be well chaft in, and the same cloth laid -on still; it prevents the shedding of the hair occasioned by -the coldness of winters weather; and the yard of a <em>Bear</em> -which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie, is good for to expell -Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, as I was there -told by one Mr. <em>Abraham Philater</em> a <em>Jersey-man</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Beaver</em> or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature, -lives upon the land as well as in the water. I suppose -they feed upon fish, but am sure that the Bark of Trees is<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74"></a>[74]</span> -also their food; there is an old proverbial saying, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">sic me -jubes quotidie, ut fiber salicem</i>: you love me as the <em>Beaver</em> -doth the willow; [p. 93.] who eateth the Bark and killeth -the Tree. They will be tame, witness the <em>Beaver</em> that not -long since was kept at <em>Boston</em> in the <em>Massachusets-Bay</em>, -and would run up and down the streets, returning home -without a call. Their skins are highly valued, and their -stones are good for the palsie, trembling, and numbness of -the hands, boiling of them in Oyl of <em>Spike</em>, and anointing -the sinews in the neck. If you take of <em>Castorium</em> two -drams, of womans hair one dram, and with a little Rozen -of the <em>Pine</em>-Tree, make it up into pills as big as Filberts -and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one at -a time laid upon coals under her nostrils, it will recover -her out of her fit. The grease of a <em>Beaver</em> is good for the -Nerves, Convulsions, Epilepsies, Apoplexies <em>&c.</em> The tail -as I have said in another Treatise, is very fat and of a -masculine vertue, as good as <em>Eringo’s</em> or <em>Satyrion</em>-Roots.</p> - -<p>The <em>Otter</em> or River-<em>Dog</em> is Amphibious too, he hunteth -for his kind in the spring, and bringeth forth his whelps -as the <em>Beaver</em> doth, they are generally black, and very -numerous, they are hunted in <em>England</em> from <em>Shrovetide</em> -untill <em>Midsummer</em>, but in <em>New-England</em> they take them -when they can. The skin of an <em>Otter</em> is worth Ten Shillings, -[p. 94.] and the Gloves made thereof are the best -fortification for the hands against wet weather that can be -thought of, the furr is excellent for muffs, and is almost as -dear as <em>Beaver</em>, the grease of an <em>Otter</em> will make fish turn -up their bellies, and is of rare use for many things.</p> - -<p>The <em>Hare</em>, I have no more to write of them than that -they kindle in hollow Trees. What else concerns him, or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75"></a>[75]</span> -any of the fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my <em>New-Englands</em> -rarities, to which I refer you.</p> - -<p>The <em>Porcupine</em> likewise I have treated of, only this I -forgot to acquaint you with, that they lay Eggs, and are -good meat.</p> - -<p>The last kind of Beasts are they that are begot by -equivocal generation, as <em>Mules</em> and several others, that -when the Beasts were brought by the Almighty Creator -to <em>Adam</em>, who gave them names, were not then in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">rerum -natura</i>. Of these there are not many known in <em>New-England</em>. -I know but of one, and that is the <em>Indian</em> dog -begotten betwixt a <em>Wolf</em> and a <em>Fox</em>, or between a <em>Fox</em> -and a <em>Wolf</em>, which they made use of, taming of them, and -bringing of them up to hunt with, but since the <em>English</em> -came amongst them they have gotten store of our dogs, -which they bring up and keep in as much subjection as -they do their webbs.</p> - -<p>[p. 95.] Of birds there are not many more than 120 -kinds as our Naturalists have conjectured, but I think -they are deceived; they are divided into land-birds and -water-birds, the land-birds again into birds of prey, birds -for meat, singing-birds and others.</p> - -<p>The <em>Pilhannaw</em> is the King of Birds of prey in <em>New-England</em>, -some take him to be a kind of <em>Eagle</em>, others for -the <em>Indian-Ruck</em> the biggest Bird that is, except the <em>Ostrich</em>. -One Mr. <em>Hilton</em> living at <em>Pascataway</em>, had the hap -to kill one of them: being by the Sea-side he perceived -a great shadow over his head, the Sun shining out clear, -calling up his eyes he saw a monstrous Bird soaring aloft -in the air, and of a sudden all the <em>Ducks</em> and <em>Geese</em>, (there -being then a great many) dived under water, nothing of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76"></a>[76]</span> -them appearing but their heads. Mr. <em>Hilton</em> having made -readie his piece, shot and brought her down to the ground, -how he disposed of her I know not, but had he taken her -alive & sent her over into <em>England</em>, neither <em>Bartholomew</em> -nor <em>Sturbridge</em>-Fair could have produced such another -sight.</p> - -<p><em>Hawkes</em> there are of several kinds, as <em>Goshawkes</em>, <em>Falcons</em>, -<em>Laniers</em>, <em>Sparrow-hawkes</em>, and a little black <em>hawke</em> -highly prized by the <em>Indians</em> who wear them on their [p. 96.] -heads, and is accounted of worth sufficient to ransome -a <em>Sagamour</em>: they are so strangely couragious and -hardie, that nothing flyeth in the Air that they will not -bind with. I have seen them tower so high, that they -have been so small that scarcely could they be taken by -the eye. <em>Hawkes</em> grease is very good for sore eyes.</p> - -<p>The <em>Osprey</em> I have treated of. There is a small Ash-colour -Bird that is shaped like a <em>Hawke</em> with talons and -beak that falleth upon <em>Crowes</em>, mounting up into the Air -after them, and will beat them till they make them cry.</p> - -<p>The <em>Vulture</em> or <em>Geire</em>, which is spoken of in <em>Levit.</em> 11. 14. -and called a <em>Gripe</em>, their skins are good to line doublets -with, and the bones of their head hung about the neck -helpeth the head-ach.</p> - -<p>The <em>Gripe</em>; see <em>New Englands</em> rarities, and for the <em>Turkie</em>-buzzard.</p> - -<p>The <em>Owl</em> the most flagging Bird that is, of which there -are three sorts, a great grey <em>Owl</em> with ears, a little grey -<em>Owl</em>, and a white <em>Owl</em>, which is no bigger than a <em>Thrush</em>. -<em>Plinie</em> writes that the brains of an <em>Owl</em> asswageth the pain -& inflammation in the lap of the ear. And that Eggs of -an <em>Owl</em> put into the liquour that a tospot useth to be drunk<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77"></a>[77]</span> -with, will make him loath drunkenness [p. 97.] ever after. -But now peradventure some will say, what doth this man -mean to bring <em>Owls</em> to <em>Athens</em>? verily Sirs I presume to -say, had I brought over of the little white <em>Owls</em> they would -have been acceptable, they are good mousers, and pretty -Birds to look upon; the <em>Athenians</em>, no question are better -imployed than to take notice of my <em>Owls</em>, poor ragged -Birds they are and want those glittering golden feathers -that <em>Draiton’s Owl</em> is adorned with, yet they are somewhat -of that nature; if an <em>Athenian</em> chance in this season -of divertisement to cast an eye upon them I shall be glad, -but more glad if he vouchsafe to prune and correct their -feathers, which I confess are discomposed for want of Art; -plain Birds they are, and fit for none but plain men to -manage. Sirs do not mistake me, there’s no man living -honours an <em>Athenian</em> more than I do, especially where I -perceive great abilities concomiting with goodness of -nature: A good nature (saith Mr. <em>Perkins</em>) is the Character -of God, and God is the father of learning, knowledge, -and every good gift, and hath condescended to become -a School-master to us poor mortals, furnishing of us -with Philosophy, Historie, Divinity by his holy Scriptures, -which if we diligently learn and practise, we shall in [p. -98.] time be brought into his Heavenly Academy, where -we shall have fulness and perfection of knowledge eternally. -But there are a Generation of men and women in -this prophane age that despise Gods learning and his -Ushers to the <em>Athenians</em>, choosing to wallow in the pleasures -of sin for a season. I shall conclude this excursion, -with that which a Poet writ sometime since, and then -return to the trimming of my <em>Owl</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78"></a>[78]</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent2"><em>Say thou pour’st them Wheat,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent2"><em>And they would</em> Acorns <em>eat;</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>’Twere simple fury in thee still to wast</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Thy self, on them that have no tast;</em></div> - <div class="verse indent2"><em>No, give them draff their fill,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent2"><em>Husks, Grains and swill;</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>They that love Lees and leave the lustie Wine,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Envy them not, their palats with the Swine.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>The <em>Raven</em> is here numerous and Crowes, but <em>Rooks</em>, -<em>Danes</em>, <em>Popinjaes</em>, <em>Megpies</em> there be none. It is observed -that the female of all Birds of prey and Ravin is ever -bigger than the male, more venturous, hardy, and watchful: -but such Birds as do not live by prey and Ravin, the -male is more large than the female. So much for Birds -of prey, the next are Birds for the dish, and the first of -these is,</p> - -<p>[p. 99.] The <em>Turkie</em>, which is in <em>New-England</em> a very -large Bird, they breed twice or thrice in a year, if you -would preserve the young Chickens alive, you must give -them no water, for if they come to have their fill of water -they will drop away strangely, and you will never be able -to rear any of them: they are excellent meat, especially a -<em>Turkie-Capon</em> beyond that, for which Eight shillings was -given, their Eggs are very wholesome and restore decayed -nature exceedingly. But the <em>French</em> say they breed the -Leprosie; the Indesses make Coats of <em>Turkie</em>-feathers -woven for their Children.</p> - -<p>The <em>Partridge</em> is larger than ours, white flesht, but -very dry, they are indeed a sort of <em>Partridges</em> called -<em>Grooses</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79"></a>[79]</span></p> - -<p>The <em>Pidgeon</em>, of which there are millions of millions, I -have seen a flight of <em>Pidgeons</em> in the spring, and at <em>Michaelmas</em> -when they return back to the Southward for four -or five miles, that to my thinking had neither beginning -nor ending, length nor breadth, and so thick that I could -see no Sun, they joyn Nest to Nest, and Tree to Tree by -their Nests many miles together in <em>Pine</em>-Trees. But of -late they are much diminished, the <em>English</em> taking them -with Nets. I have bought at <em>Boston</em> a dozen of <em>Pidgeons</em> -ready pull’d and garbidgd for three pence, [p. 100.] Ring-<em>Doves</em> -they say are there too, but I could never see any.</p> - -<p>The <em>Snow</em>-Bird is like a <em>Chaf-Finch</em>, go in flocks and -are good meat.</p> - -<p>The singing Birds are <em>Thrushes</em> with red breasts, which -will be very fat and are good meat, so are the <em>Thressels</em>, -<em>Filladies</em> are small singing Birds, <em>Ninmurders</em> little yellow -Birds. <em>New-England</em> Nightingales painted with orient -colours, black, white, blew, yellow, green and scarlet, and -sing sweetly, <em>Wood-larks</em>, <em>Wrens</em>, <em>Swallows</em>, who will sit -upon Trees, and <em>Starlings</em> black as <em>Ravens</em> with scarlet -pinions; other sorts of Birds there are, as the <em>Troculus</em>, -<em>Wag-tail</em>, or <em>Dish-water</em>, which is here of a brown colour, -<em>Titmouse</em> two or three sorts, the Dunneck or hedge-<em>Sparrow</em> -who is starke naked in his winter nest. The golden or -yellow hammer, a Bird about the bigness of a <em>Thrush</em> that -is all over as red as bloud, Wood-<em>Peckers</em> of two or three -sorts, gloriously set out with variety of glittering colours. -The <em>Colibry</em>, <em>Viemalin</em>, or rising or waking Bird, an Emblem -of the Resurrection, and the wonder of little Birds.</p> - -<p>The water-fowl are these that follow, <em>Hookers</em> or wild-<em>Swans</em>, -<em>Cranes</em>, <em>Geese</em> of three sorts, grey, white, and the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80"></a>[80]</span> -brant <em>Goose</em>, the first and last are best meat, the white are -[p. 101.] lean and tough and live a long time; whereupon -the proverb, Older than a white <em>Goose</em>; of the skins of the -necks of grey <em>Geese</em> with their Bills the <em>Indians</em> makes -Mantles and Coverlets sowing them together and they -shew prettily. There be four sorts of <em>Ducks</em>, a black -<em>Duck</em>, a brown <em>Duck</em> like our wild <em>Ducks</em>, a grey <em>Duck</em>, -and a great black and white <em>Duck</em>, these frequent Rivers -and Ponds; but of <em>Ducks</em> there be many more sorts, as -<em>Hounds</em>, old <em>Wives</em>, <em>Murres</em>, <em>Doies</em>, <em>Shell-drakes</em>, <em>Shoulers</em> -or <em>Shoflers</em>, <em>Widgeons</em>, <em>Simps</em>, <em>Teal</em>, Blew wing’d, and -green wing’d, Divers or <em>Didapers</em>, or <em>Dip-chicks</em>, <em>Fenduck</em>, -<em>Duckers</em> or <em>Moorhens</em>, <em>Coots</em>, <em>Pochards</em>, a water-fowl like a -<em>Duck</em>, <em>Plungeons</em>, a kind of water-fowl with a long reddish -Bill, <em>Puets</em>, <em>Plovers</em>, <em>Smethes</em>, <em>Wilmotes</em>, a kind of <em>Teal</em>, -<em>Godwits</em>, <em>Humilities</em>, <em>Knotes</em>, <em>Red-Shankes</em>, <em>Wobbles</em>, <em>Loones</em>, -<em>Gulls</em>, white <em>Gulls</em>, or Sea-<em>Cobbs</em>, <em>Caudemandies</em>, <em>Herons</em>, -grey <em>Bitterns</em>, <em>Ox-eyes</em>, <em>Birds</em> called <em>Oxen</em> and <em>Keen</em>, <em>Petterels</em>, -<em>Kings fishers</em>, which breed in the spring in holes in -the Sea-banks, being unapt to propagate in Summer, by -reason of the driness of their bodies, which becomes more -moist when their pores are closed by cold. Most of these -Fowls and Birds are eatable. There are little Birds that -frequent the Sea-shore in flocks called <em>Sanderlins</em>, [p. -102.] they are about the bigness of a <em>Sparrow</em>, and in the -fall of the leaf will be all fat; when I was first in the -Countrie the <em>English</em> cut them into small pieces to put -into their Puddings instead of suet, I have known twelve -score and above kill’d at two shots. I have not done yet, -we must not forget the <em>Cormorant</em>, <em>Shape</em> or <em>Sharke</em>; -though I cannot commend them to our curious palats, the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81"></a>[81]</span> -<em>Indians</em> will eat them when they are fley’d, they take them -prettily, they roost in the night upon some Rock that lyes -out in the Sea, thither the <em>Indian</em> goes in his Birch-<em>Canow</em> -when the Moon shines clear, and when he is come -almost to it, he lets his <em>Canow</em> drive on of it self, when he -is come under the Rock he shoves his Boat along till he -come just under the <em>Cormorants</em> watchman, the rest being -asleep, and so soundly do sleep that they will snore like so -many Piggs; the <em>Indian</em> thrusts up his hand of a sudden, -grasping the watchman so hard round about his neck that -he cannot cry out; as soon as he hath him in his <em>Canow</em> -he wrings off his head, and making his <em>Canow</em> fast, he -clambreth to the top of the Rock, where walking softly -he takes them up as he pleaseth, still wringing off their -heads; when he hath slain as many as his <em>Canow</em> can -carry, he gives a shout [p. 103.] which awakens the surviving -<em>Cormorants</em>, who are gone in an instant.</p> - -<p>The next Creatures that you are to take notice of, are -they that live in the Element of water. <em>Pliny</em> reckons -them to be of 177 kinds, but certainly if it be true that -there is no Beast upon Earth, which hath not his like in -the Sea, and which (perhaps) is not in some part parallel’d -in the plants of the Earth; we may by a diligent search -find out many more: of the same opinion is the Poet, who -saith that it is</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Affirm’d by some that what on Earth we find,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>The Sea can parallell in shape and kind.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="center">Divine <em>Dubertus</em> goes further.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82"></a>[82]</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>You Divine wits of elder dayes, from whom</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>The deep invention of rare works hath come,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Took you not pattern of our chiefest Tooles</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Out of the lap of</em> Thetis, <em>Lakes, and Pools?</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Which partly in the Waves, part on the edges</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Of craggy Rocks, among their ragged sedges,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Bring forth abundance of Pins, Spincers, spokes,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Pikes, piercers, needles, mallets, pipes & yoaks,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Oars, sails & swords, saws, wedges, razors, rammers,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Plumes, cornets, knives, wheels, vices, horns and hammers.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>[p. 104.] Psalm 104.25, 26. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">In ipso mari magno & spatioso, -illic reptilia sunt atque innumera animantia parva -cum magnis. Illic navea ambulant; balæna quam formasti -ludendo in eo.</i></p> - -<p>And as the females amongst Beasts and Birds of prey -for form and beautie surpass the males, so do they especially -amongst fishes; and those I intend to treat of, I -shall divide into salt-water fish, and fresh-water fish.</p> - -<p>The Sea that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Piscina mirabilis</i> affords us the greatest -number, of which I shall begin first with the Whale a regal -fish, as all fishes of extraordinary size are accounted, of -these there are (as I have said in another place) seven -kinds, the Ambergreese-<em>Whale</em> the chiefest. <em>Anno Dom.</em> -1668 the 17 of <em>July</em> there was one of them thrown up on -the shore between <em>Winter-harbour</em> and <em>Cape-porpus</em>, about -eight mile from the place where I lived, that was five and -fifty foot long. They are Creatures of a vast magnitude -and strength. The Royal Psalmist, in the 148 psalm, and -the 7 verse, <em>makes mention of them</em>. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Laudate Jehovam -terrestria; Cete</i> <em>(Dracones as some translate it) &</em> <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">omnes<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83"></a>[83]</span> -abyssi.</i> <em>And Moses in his history of</em> Job, Job 41. 1. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">An -extrahas balænam hamo</i>, &c. [p. 105.] <em>Whereby the subtlety -of the Devil is shewed, as also, the greatness and brutishness -of the Devil by the Elephant, in the</em> 10 <em>verse of the -foregoing Chapter. In the book of</em> Jonas <em>prophecies we read -of a great fish</em>, Jonah 1. 17. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pararat autem Jehova piscem -magnum, qui obsorberet Jonam.</i> <em>But whether this -were a Whale or not is questioned by some. In the head -(saith Mr.</em> Parkinson <em>the Herbalist) of one only sort of -Whale-fish is found that which is called</em> sperma Cæti, <em>it -lyes in a hole therein, as it were a Well, taken out and -prest that the oyl may come out, the substance is that we use -for</em> sperma Cæti, <em>and hath little or no smell, the oyl smells -strong. See the rarities of</em> New-England.</p> - -<p>The <em>Sea-hare</em> is as big as <em>Grampus</em> or <em>Herrin-hog</em>, and -as white as a sheet; There hath been of them in <em>Black-point</em>-Harbour, -& some way up the river, but we could -never take any of them, several have shot sluggs at them, -but lost their labour.</p> - -<p>The <em>Sturgeon</em> is a Regal fish too, I have seen of them -that have been sixteen foot in length: of their sounds they -make <em>Isinglass</em>, which melted in the mouth is excellent to -seal letters.</p> - -<p><em>Sharkes</em> there are infinite store, who tear the Fishermens -nets to their great loss and hinderance; they are of -two sorts, one flat [p. 106.] headed, the other long-snouted, -the pretious stone in their heads (soveraign for the stone -in a man) so much coveted by the travelling Chirurgeon -is nought else but the brains of the flat-headed <em>Sharke</em>. -With these we may joyn the Dog-fish or Thorn-hound, -who hath two long sharp prickles on his back.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84"></a>[84]</span></p> - -<p>The <em>Sea-horse</em> or <em>Morse</em> is a kind of monster-fish numerous -about the Isle of <em>Sables</em>, i. e. The sandy Isle. An -Amphibious Creature kill’d for their Teeth and Oyl, -never brings forth more than two at a birth; as also doth -the Soil and Manate or Cow-fish which is supposed to be -the Sea-monster spoken of by <em>Jeremy</em>, <em>Lament.</em> 4. 3. -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Etiam phocæ præbent mammam, lactant catulos suos;</i> <em>So -the Latins render it</em>, phoca <em>a Sea-Calf or Soil</em>.</p> - -<p>The small <em>Sword-fish</em> is very good meat, the <em>Sea-bat</em> or -<em>Sea-owl</em> a kind of flying fish.</p> - -<p><em>Negroes</em> or <em>Sea-Devils</em> a very ugly fish, having a black -scale, there are three sorts of them, one a hideous fish, -another about two foot long; of these I have seen store in -<em>Black-point</em> Harbour in the water, but never attempted to -take any of them.</p> - -<p><em>Squids</em> a soft fish somewhat like a cudgel, their horns -like a <em>Snails</em>, which sometimes are found to be of an incredible -length, [p. 107.] this fish is much used for bait to -catch a <em>Cod</em>, <em>Hacke</em>, <em>Polluck</em>, and the like Sea-fish.</p> - -<p>The <em>Dolphin</em>, <em>Bonito</em>, or <em>Dozado</em>, the ashes of their teeth -mixed with honey, is good to asswage the pain of breeding -teeth in Children.</p> - -<p>The <em>Sea-bream</em>, <em>Dorado</em>, or <em>Amber-fish</em>, they follow ships -as doth the <em>Dolphin</em>, and are good meat.</p> - -<p>The <em>Mackarel</em>, of which there is choicefull plenty all -summer long, in the spring they are ordinarily 18 inches -long, afterwards there is none taken but what are smaller.</p> - -<p>The <em>Liver-fish</em> like a <em>Whiting</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Herrin</em> which are numerous, they take of them all -summer long. In <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1670. they were driven into -<em>Black-point</em> Harbour by other great fish that prey upon<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85"></a>[85]</span> -them so near the shore, that they threw themselves (it being -high water) upon dry land in such infinite numbers -that we might have gone up half way the leg amongst -them for near a quarter of a mile. We used to qualifie a -pickled <em>Herrin</em> by boiling of him in milk.</p> - -<p>The <em>Alewife</em> is like a <em>herrin</em>, but has a bigger bellie -therefore called an <em>Alewife</em>, they come in the end of <em>April</em> -into fresh [p. 108.] Rivers and Ponds; there hath been -taken in two hours time by two men without any Weyre -at all, saving a few stones to stop the passage of the River, -above ten thousand. The <em>Italian</em> hath a proverb, that he -that hath seen one miracle will easily believe another; but -this relation far from a miracle will peranter meet, instead -of a belief with an Adulterate construction from those -that are somewhat akin to St. <em>Peters</em> mockers, such as -deny the last judgement. I have known in <em>England</em> 9 -score and 16 <em>Pikes</em> and <em>Pickarel</em> taken with three Angles -between the hours of three and ten in the morning, in -the River <em>Owse</em> in the Isle of <em>Ely</em>, three quarters of a yard -long above half of them; they make red <em>Alewives</em> after -the same manner as they do <em>herrins</em> and are as good.</p> - -<p>The <em>Basse</em> is a salt water fish too, but most an end taken -in Rivers where they spawn, there hath been 3000 <em>Basse</em> -taken at a set, one writes that the fat in the bone of a -<em>Basses</em> head is his brains which is a lye.</p> - -<p>The <em>Salmon</em> likewise is a Sea-fish, but as the <em>Basse</em> -comes into Rivers to spawn, a <em>Salmon</em> the first year is a -<em>Salmon-smelt</em>; The second a <em>Mort</em>; The third a <em>Spraid</em>; -The fourth a <em>Soar</em>; The fifth a <em>Sorrel</em>; The sixth [p. -109.] a <em>forket tail</em>; and the seventh year a <em>Salmon</em>. -There are another sort of <em>Salmon</em> frequent in those -parts called white <em>Salmons</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86"></a>[86]</span></p> - -<p><em>Capeling</em> is a small fish like a smelt.</p> - -<p>The <em>Turtle</em> or <em>Tortoise</em> is of two sorts Sea-<em>Turtles</em> and -land-<em>Turtles</em>: of Sea-<em>Turtles</em> there are five sorts, of land-<em>Turtles</em> -three sorts, one of which is a right land-<em>turtle</em> that -seldom or never goes into the water, the other two being -the River-<em>Turtle</em>, and the pond-<em>Turtle</em>: there are many of -these in the brooke <em>Chyson</em> in the <em>Holy land</em>. The ashes -of a Sea-<em>Turtle</em> mixt with oyl or <em>Bears</em>-grease causeth -hair to grow: the shell of a land-<em>Turtle</em> burnt and the -ashes dissolved in wine and oyl to an unguent healeth -chaps and sores of the feet: the flesh burnt and the ashes -mixt with wine and oyl healeth sore legs: the ashes of the -burnt shell and the whites of eggs compounded together -healeth chaps in womens nipples; and the head pulverized -with it prevents the falling of the hair, and will heal -the Hemorrhoids, first washing of them with white-wine, -and then strewing on the powder.</p> - -<p><em>Lobster</em>, which some say is at first a <em>whelk</em>, I have seen -a <em>Lobster</em> that weighed twenty pound, they cast their shell-coats -in the spring, and so do <em>Crabs</em>; having underneath -a thin red skin which growes thicker and [p. 110.] hard in -short time. The <em>Indians</em> feed much upon this fish, some -they rost, and some they dry as they do <em>Lampres</em> and <em>Oysters</em> -which are delicate breakfast meat so ordered, the <em>Oysters</em> -are long shell’d, I have had of them nine inches long -from the joynt to the toe, containing an <em>Oyster</em> like those -the Latines called <em>Tridacuan</em> that were to be cut into -three pieces before they could get them into their mouths, -very fat and sweet.</p> - -<p>The <em>Muscle</em> is of two sorts, Sea-<em>muscles</em> in which they -find Pearl and river-<em>muscles</em>. Sea-<em>muscles</em> dryed and pulverized<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87"></a>[87]</span> -and laid upon the sores of the <em>Piles</em> and <em>hemorrhoids</em> -with oyl will perfectly cure them.</p> - -<p>The <em>Whore</em> is a shell-fish, the shells are called whores-eggs, -being fine round white shells, in shape like a <em>Mexico</em> -pompion, but no bigger than a good large Hens-egg; -they are wrought down the sides with little knobs and -holes very prettily, but are but thin and brittle.</p> - -<p>The <em>Perriwig</em> is a shell-fish that lyeth in the Sands flat -and round as a shovel-board piece and very little thicker; -these at a little hole in the middle of the shell thrust out a -cap of hair, but upon the least motion of any danger it -drawes it in again.</p> - -<p><em>Trouts</em> there be good store in every brook, ordinarily -two and twenty inches [p. 111.] long, their grease is good -for the <em>Piles</em> and <em>clifts</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Eal</em> is of two sorts, salt-water <em>Eals</em> and fresh-water -<em>Eals</em>; these again are distinguished into yellow bellied -<em>Eals</em> and silver bellied <em>Eals</em>; I never eat better <em>Eals</em> in -no part of the world that I have been in, than are here. -They that have no mind or leasure to take them, may buy -of an <em>Indian</em> half a dozen silver bellied <em>Eals</em> as big as -those we usually give 8 pence or 12 pence a piece for at -<em>London</em>, for three pence or a groat. There is several wayes -of cooking them, some love them roasted, others baked, -and many will have them fryed; but they please my palate -best when they are boiled, a common way it is to boil -them in half water, half wine with the bottom of a manchet, -a fagot of Parsley, and a little winter savory, when -they are boiled they take them out and break the bread -in the broth, and put to it three or four spoonfuls of yest, -and a piece of sweet butter, this they pour to their <em>Eals</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88"></a>[88]</span> -laid upon sippets and so serve it up. I fancie my way -better which is this, after the <em>Eals</em> are fley’d and washt I -fill their bellies with Nutmeg grated and Cloves a little -bruised, and sow them up with a needle and thred, then I -stick a Clove here and there in their sides about an inch -asunder, [p. 112.] making holes for them with a bodkin, -this done I wind them up in a wreath and put them into -a kettle with half water and half white wine-vinegar, so -much as will rise four fingers above the <em>Eals</em>, in midst -of the <em>Eals</em> I put the bottom of a penny white loaf, and a -fagot of these herbs following, Parsley one handful, a little -sweet Marjoram, Peniroyal and Savory, a branch of Rosemary, -bind them up with a thred, and when they are -boiled enough take out the <em>Eals</em> and pull out the threds -that their bellies were sowed up with, turn out the Nutmeg -and Cloves, put the <em>Eals</em> in a dish with butter and -vinegar upon a chafing-dish with coals to keep warm, -then put into the broth three or four spoonfuls of good -Ale-yeast with the juice of half a Lemmon; but before -you put in your yeast beat it in a porringer with some of -the broth, then break the crust of bread very small and -mingle it well together with the broth, pour it into a deep -dish and garnish it with the other half of the Lemmon, -and so serve them up to the Table in two dishes.</p> - -<p>The <em>Frost fish</em> is little bigger than a <em>Gudgeon</em> and are -taken in fresh brooks; when the waters are frozen they -make a hole in the Ice about half a yard or yard wide, to -which the fish repair in great numbers, where with [p. 113.] -small nets bound to a hoop about the bigness of a firkin-hoop -with a staff fastned to it they lade them out of the -hole. I have not done with the fish yet, being willing to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span> -let you know all of them that are to be seen and catch’d -in the Sea and fresh waters in <em>New-England</em>, and because -I will not tire your patience overmuch, having no occasion -to enlarge my discourse, I shall only name them and -so conclude.</p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="textcol3"> -<p> -<em>Aleport</em><br /> -<em>Albicore</em><br /> -<em>Barracha</em><br /> -<em>Barracontha</em><br /> -<em>Blew-fish</em><br /> -<em>Bull-head</em><br /> -<em>Bur-fish</em><br /> -<em>Cat-fish</em><br /> -<em>Cony-fish</em><br /> -<em>Cusk</em><br /> -<em>Clam</em><br /> -<em>Rock-Cod</em><br /> -<em>Sea-Cod</em><br /> -<em>divers kinds<br /> -of Crabs</em><br /> -<em>Sea-Cucumber</em><br /> -<em>Cunner</em><br /> -<em>Sea-Darts<br /> -or Javelins</em><br /> -<em>Flail-fish</em><br /> -<em>Flounder<br /> -or Flowke</em><br /> -<em>Flying-fish</em><br /> -</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p> -<em>several kinds<br /> -Sea-Flea</em><br /> -<em>Grandpisse</em><br /> -<em>Hake</em><br /> -<em>Haddock</em><br /> -<em>Horse-foot</em><br /> -<em>Hallibut</em><br /> -<em>Hen-fish</em><br /> -<em>Lampre</em><br /> -<em>Limpin</em><br /> -<em>Lumpe</em><br /> -<em>Maid</em><br /> -<em>Monk-fish</em><br /> -<em>Sea-mullet</em><br /> -<em>Nun-fish</em><br /> -<em>Perch</em><br /> -<em>Polluck</em><br /> -<em>Periwincle</em><br /> -<em>Pike</em><br /> -<em>Pilat-fish</em><br /> -<em>Plaice</em><br /> -<em>Porpisse</em><br /> -<em>Prawne</em><br /> -</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol3"> -<p> -<em>Purple-fish</em><br /> -<em>Porgee</em><br /> -<em>Remora</em><br /> -<em>Sea-Raven</em><br /> -<em>Sail-fish</em><br /> -<em>Scallop</em><br /> -[p. 114.] <em>Scate</em><br /> -<em>Stingray</em><br /> -<em>Sculpin</em><br /> -<em>Shadd</em><br /> -<em>Spurlin</em><br /> -<em>Sheath-fish</em><br /> -<em>Smelt</em><br /> -<em>Shrimps</em><br /> -<em>Sprates</em><br /> -<em>Star-fish</em><br /> -<em>Swordfish</em><br /> -<em>Thornback</em><br /> -<em>Turbet</em><br /> -<em>The Ulatife<br /> -or saw-fish</em><br /> -<em>Sea-Urchin</em><br /> -<em>Sea-Unichorn</em><br /> -</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90"></a>[90]</span></p> - -<p>The fish are swum by, and the Serpents are creeping -on, terrible creatures, carrying stings in their tails. That -will smart worse than a <em>Satyrs</em> whip, though it were as -big as Mr. <em>Shepperds</em> the mad Gentleman at <em>Milton-Mowbrayes -Constantinus Lasculus</em>.</p> - -<p>The chief or Captain of these is the Rattle-snake described -already in my Journal, in some places of the Countrey -there are none as at <em>Plimouth</em>, <em>New-town</em>, <em>Nahant</em> -and some other places, they will live on one side of the -River, and but swimming over and coming into the woods -dye immediately.</p> - -<p>The fat of a Rattle-snake is very Soveraign for frozen -limbs, bruises, lameness by falls, Aches, Sprains. The -heart of a Rattle-snake dried and pulverized and drunk -with wine or beer is an approved remedy against the biting -and venome of a Rattle-snake. Some body will give -me thanks for [p. 115.] discovering these secrets and the -rest; <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Non omnibus omnia conveniant</i>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Snake</em> of which there are infinite numbers of various -colours, some black, others painted with red, yellow -and white, some again of a grass-green colour powdered -all over as it were with silver dust or <em>Muscovie</em>-glass. But -there is one sort that exceeds all the rest, and that is the -Checkquered snake, having as many colours within the -checkquers shaddowing one another, as there are in a -Rainbow. There are two sorts of snakes, the land-snake -and the water-snake; the water-snake will be as big about -the belly as the Calf of a mans leg; I never heard of any -mischief that snakes did, they kill them sometimes for -their skins and bones to make hatbands off, their skins -likewise worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie against<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> -the cramp. I have found of the skins that they cast in -woods in some quantity, they cast not their very skins, but -only the superfluous thin skin that is upon the very skin, -for the very skin is basted to the flesh, so Lobsters and -Crabs.</p> - -<p>The Earth-worm, these are very rare and as small as a -horse hair, but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and -eateth the seed, that is somewhat like a Maggot of a white -colour with a red head, and is about [p. 116.] the bigness -of ones finger and an inch or an inch and half long. -There is also a dark dunnish Worm or Bug of the bigness -of an Oaten-straw, and an inch long, that in the spring -lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day, and -in the night creep out and devour them; these in some -years destroy abundance of <em>Indian</em> Corn and Garden -plants, and they have but one way to be rid of them, -which the <em>English</em> have learnt of the <em>Indians</em>; And because -it is somewhat strange, I shall tell you how it is, -they go out into a field or garden with a Birchen-dish, -and spudling the earth about the roots, for they lye not -deep, they gather their dish full which may contain about -a quart or three pints, then they carrie the dish to the -Sea-side when it is ebbing-water and set it a swimming, -the water carrieth the dish into the Sea and within a day -or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes -out sooner than find any of them.</p> - -<p><em>Sow-bugs</em> or <em>Millipedes</em> there be good store, but none -of that sort that are blew and turn round as a pea when -they are touched; neither are there any <em>Beetles</em> nor <em>Maple-bugs</em>, -but a stinking black and red <em>Bug</em> called a <em>Cacarooch</em> -or <em>Cockroach</em>, and a little black <em>Bug</em> like a <em>Lady-cow</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92"></a>[92]</span> -that breeds in skins and furrs and will eat them to -their [p. 117.] utter spoil. Likewise there be infinite -numbers of <em>Tikes</em> hanging upon the bushes in summer -time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into -his Breeches eating themselves in a short time into the -very flesh of a man. I have seen the stockins of those -that have gone through the woods covered with them. -Besides these there is a <em>Bug</em>, but whether it be a Native -to the Countrie or a stranger I cannot say: Some are of -opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant with -Spanish goods, they infest our beds most, all day they hide -themselves, but when night comes they will creep to the -sleeping wretch and bite him worse than a flea, which -raiseth a swelling knub that will itch intolerably, if you -scratch it waxeth bigger and growes to a scab; and if you -chance to break one of the <em>Bugs</em> it will stink odiously: -they call them <em>Chinches</em> or <em>Wood-lice</em>, they are fat, red -and in shape like a <em>Tike</em> and no bigger. There are also -Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller, these some -years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as -naked almost as in winter, they do much harm in the -<em>English</em> Orchards. Of <em>Snails</em> there are but few, and those -very little ones, they lye at the Roots of long grass in -moist places, and are no where else to be found. [p. 118.] -Spiders and Spinners there be many, the last very big -and of several colours.</p> - -<p>The Pismire or Ant must not be forgotten, accounted -the least Creature, and by <em>Salomon</em> commended for its -wisdom, Prov. 30. 24, 25. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Quatuor ista parva sunt humilia, -tamen sunt sapientia, apprime sapientia: formicæ -populus infirmus, quæ comparant æstate cibum suum</i>, &c.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span> -There are two sorts, red Ants and black Ants, both of -them are many times found winged; not long since they -were poured upon the Sands out of the clouds in a storm -betwixt <em>Black-point</em> and <em>Saco</em>, where the passenger might -have walkt up to the Ankles in them.</p> - -<p>The Grashopper is innumerable and bigger by much -than ours in <em>England</em>, having Tinsel-wings, with help -whereof they will flye and skip a great way. Next to -these in number are your Crickets, a man can walk no -where in the summer but he shall tread upon them; The -<em>Italian</em> who hath them cryed up and down the streets -(<i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Grille che cantelo</i>) and buyeth them to put into his Gardens, -if he were in <em>New-England</em> would gladly be rid of -them, they make such a dinn in an Evening. I could -never discover the Organ of their voice, they have a little -clift in their Crown which opens, and at the same instant -they shake their wings.</p> - -<p>[p. 119.] The Eft or Swift in <em>New-England</em> is a most -beautiful Creature to look upon, being larger than ours, -and painted with glorious colours; but I lik’d him never -the better for it.</p> - -<p>Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land, they -chirp like Birds in the spring, and latter end of summer -croak like Toads. It is admirable to consider the generating -of these Creatures, first they lay their gelly on the -water in ponds and still waters, which comes in time to be -full of black spots as broad as the head of a Ten-penny -nail, and round, these separate themselves from the gleir, -and after a while thrust out a tail, then their head comes -forth, after their head springs out their fore-legs, and then -their hinder-legs, then their tail drops off, and growes to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94"></a>[94]</span> -have a head and four legs too, the first proves a frog, the -latter a water nuet. The Herbalist useth to say by way -of admiration, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">quælibet herba deum &c.</i> So God is seen -in the production of these small Creatures which are a -part of the Creation; <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Laudate Jehovam cælites, laudate -eum in excelsis</i>, &c. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Laudent nomen Jehovæ quæ ipso præcipiente -illico creata sunt</i> &c. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ipsæ bestiæ & omnes jumenta, -reptilia & aves alatæ</i>, Psal. 148.</p> - -<p>The Toad is of two sorts, one that is [p. 120.] speckled -with white, and another of a dark earthy colour; there -is of them that will climb up into Trees and sit croaking -there; but whether it be of a third sort, or one of the -other, or both, I am not able to affirm; but this I can testifie -that there be Toads of the dark coloured kind that -are as big as a groat loaf. Which report will not swell -into the belief of my sceptique Sirs; nor that there is a -Hell, being like <em>Salomon’s</em> fool, Prov. 26. 22. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sed si contunderes -stultum in mortario cum mola pistillo, non recederet -ab eo stultitia ejus.</i></p> - -<p>Now before I proceed any further, I must (to prevent -misconstructions) tell you that these following Creatures, -though they be not properly accounted Serpents, yet they -are venomous and pestilent Creatures. As, first the Rat, -but he hath been brought in since the <em>English</em> came -thither, but the Mouse is a Native, of which there are several -kinds not material to be described; the Bat or flitter -mouse is bigger abundance than any in <em>England</em> and -swarm, which brings me to the insects or cut-wasted -Creatures again, as first the honey-Bee, which are carried -over by the <em>English</em> and thrive there exceedingly, in time -they may be produced from Bullocks when the wild<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95"></a>[95]</span> -Beasts are destroyed. But the wasp is [p. 121.] common, -and they have a sort of wild humble-Bee that breed in -little holes in the earth. Near upon twenty years since -there lived an old planter at <em>Black-point</em>, who on a Sun-shine -day about one of the clock lying upon a green -bank not far from his house, charged his Son, a lad of 12 -years of age to awaken him when he had slept two hours, -the old man falls asleep and lying upon his back gaped -with his mouth wide enough for a Hawke to shit into it; -after a little while the lad sitting by spied a humble-Bee -creeping out of his Fathers mouth, which taking wing -flew quite out of sight, the hour as the lad ghest being -come to awaken his Father he jogg’d him and called -aloud Father, Father, it is two a clock, but all would not -rouse him, at last he sees the humble-Bee returning, who -lighted upon the sleepers lip and walked down as the lad -conceived into his belly, and presently he awaked.</p> - -<p>The Countrey is strangely incommodated with flyes, -which the <em>English</em> call Musketaes, they are like our gnats, -they will sting so fiercely in summer as to make the faces -of the <em>English</em> swell’d and scabby, as if the small pox for -the first year. Likewise there is a small black fly no bigger -than a flea, so numerous up in the Countrey, [p. 122.] -that a man cannot draw his breath, but he will suck of -them in: they continue about Thirty dayes say some, -but I say three moneths, and are not only a pesterment -but a plague to the Countrey. There is another sort of -fly called a Gurnipper that are like our horse-flyes, and -will bite desperately, making the bloud to spurt out in -great quantity; these trouble our <em>English</em> Cattle very -much, raising swellings as big as an egg in their hides.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96"></a>[96]</span> -The Butterfly is of several sorts and larger than ours; So -are their Dragon-flyes. Glow-worms have here wings, -there are multitudes of them insomuch that in the dark -evening when I first went into the Countrey I thought -the whole Heavens had been on fire, seeing so many -sparkles flying in the air: about <em>Mount-Carmel</em>, and the -valley of <em>Acree</em> in the <em>Holy-land</em> there be abundance of -them.</p> - -<p>These are taken for <em>Cantharides</em>. <em>Cantharides</em> are -green flyes by day, in the night they pass about like a flying -Glow-worm with fire in their tails.</p> - -<p>I have finished now my relation of plants, <em>&c.</em> I have -taken some pains in recollecting of them to memory, and -setting of them down for their benefit from whom I may -expect thanks; but I believe my [p. 123.] reward will -be according to <em>Ben Johnsons</em> proverbs, Whistle to a Jade -and he will pay you with a fart, Claw a churl by the britch -and he will shit in your fist.</p> - -<p>The people that inhabited this Countrey are judged to -be of the <em>Tartars</em> called <em>Samonids</em> that border upon <em>Moscovia</em>, -and are divided into Tribes; those to the East and -North-east are called <em>Churchers</em> and <em>Tarentines</em>, and <em>Monhegans</em>. -To the South are the <em>Pequets</em> and <em>Narragansets</em>. -Westward <em>Connecticuts</em> and <em>Mowhacks</em>. To the Northward -<em>Aberginians</em> which consist of <em>Mattachusets</em>, <em>Wippanaps</em> -and <em>Tarrentines</em>. The <em>Pocanokets</em> live to the West-ward -of <em>Plimouth</em>. Not long before the <em>English</em> came into -the Countrey, happened a great mortality amongst them, -especially where the <em>English</em> afterwards planted, the East -and Northern parts were sore smitten with the Contagion; -first by the plague, afterwards when the <em>English</em> came by<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97"></a>[97]</span> -the small pox, the three Kingdoms or <em>Sagamorships</em> of -the <em>Mattachusets</em> were very populous, having under them -seven Dukedoms or petti-<em>Sagamorships</em>, but by the plague -were brought from 30000 to 300. There are not many -now to the Eastward, the <em>Pequots</em> were destroyed by the -<em>English</em>: the <em>Mowhacks</em> are about five hundred: Their -speech a dialect of the <em>Tartars</em>, [p. 124.] (as also is the -<em>Turkish</em> tongue). There is difference between Tongues -and Languages, the division of speech at <em>Babel</em> is most -properly called Languages, the rest Tongues.</p> - -<p>As for their persons they are tall and handsome timber’d -people, out-wristed, pale and lean <em>Tartarian</em> visag’d, -black eyed which is accounted the strongest for sight, and -generally black hair’d, both smooth and curl’d wearing of -it long. No beards, or very rarely, their Teeth are very -white, short and even, they account them the most necessary -and best parts of man; And as the <em>Austreans</em> are -known by their great lips, the <em>Bavarians</em> by their pokes -under their chins, the <em>Jews</em> by their goggle eyes, so the -<em>Indians</em> by their flat noses, yet are they not so much deprest -as they are to the Southward.</p> - -<p>The <em>Indesses</em> that are young, are some of them very -comely, having good features, their faces plump and -round, and generally plump of their Bodies, as are the -men likewise, and as soft and smooth as a mole-skin, of -reasonable good complexions, but that they dye themselves -tawnie, many prettie Brownetto’s and spider finger’d -Lasses may be seen amongst them. The <em>Vetula’s</em> or old -women are lean and uglie, all of them are of a modest -demeanor, considering their [p. 125.] Savage breeding; -and indeed do shame our <em>English</em> rusticks whose rudeness -in many things exceedeth theirs.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98"></a>[98]</span></p> - -<p>Of disposition very inconstant, crafty, timorous, quick -of apprehension, and very ingenious, soon angry, and so -malicious that they seldom forget an injury, and barbarously -cruel, witness their direful revenges upon one another. -Prone to injurious violence and slaughter, by reason -of their bloud dryed up with overmuch fire, very -lecherous proceeding from choller adust and melancholy, -a salt and sharp humour; very fingurative or theevish, and -bold importunate beggars, both Men and Women guilty -of Misoxenie or hatred to strangers, a quality appropriated -to the old Brittains, all of them Cannibals, eaters of -humane flesh. And so were formerly the Heathen-<em>Irish</em>, -who used to feed upon the Buttocks of Boyes and Womens -Paps; it seems it is natural to Savage people so to -do. I have read in Relations of the <em>Indians</em> amongst the -<em>Spaniards</em> that they would not eat a <em>Spaniard</em> till they -had kept him two or three dayes to wax tender, because -their flesh was hard. At <em>Martins</em> vinyard, an Island that -lyes South to <em>Plimouth</em> in the way to <em>Virginia</em>, certain -<em>Indians</em> (whilst I was in the Countrey) seised upon a Boat -that put into [p. 126.] a By-<em>Cove</em>, kill’d the men and eat -them up in a short time before they were discovered.</p> - -<p>Their houses which they call <em>Wigwams</em>, are built with -Poles pitcht into the ground of a round form for most -part, sometimes square, they bind down the tops of their -poles, leaving a hole for smoak to go out at, the rest they -cover with the bark of Trees, and line the inside of their -<em>Wigwams</em> with mats made of Rushes painted with several -colours, one good post they set up in the middle that -reaches to the hole in the top, with a staff across before it -at a convenient height, they knock in a pin on which they<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99"></a>[99]</span> -hang their Kettle, beneath that they set up a broad stone -for a back which keepeth the post from burning; round -by the walls they spread their mats and skins where the -men sleep whilst their women dress their victuals, they -have commonly two doors, one opening to the South, -the other to the North, and according as the wind sits, -they close up one door with bark and hang a <em>Dears</em> skin -or the like before the other. Towns they have none, being -alwayes removing from one place to another for conveniency -of food, sometimes to those places where one sort -of fish is most plentiful, other whiles where others are. I -have seen half [p. 127.] a hundred of their <em>Wigwams</em> together -in a piece of ground and they shew prettily, within -a day or two, or a week they have been all dispersed. They -live for the most part by the Sea-side, especially in the -spring and summer quarters, in winter they are gone up -into the Countrie to hunt <em>Deer</em> and <em>Beaver</em>, the younger -webbs going with them. Tame Cattle they have none, -excepting Lice, and Doggs of a wild breed that they -bring up to hunt with.</p> - -<p>Wives they have two or three, according to the ability -of their bodies and strength of their concupiscence, who -have the easiest labours of any women in the world; they -will go out when their time is come alone, carrying a -board with them two foot long, and a foot and half broad, -bor’d full of holes on each side, having a foot beneath like -a Jack that we pull Boots off with, on the top of the board -a broad strap of leather which they put over their fore-head, -the board hanging at their back; when they are -come to a Bush or a Tree that they fancy they lay them -down and are delivered in a trice, not so much as groaning<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100"></a>[100]</span> -for it, they wrap the child up in a young <em>Beaver</em>-skin with -his heels close to his britch, leaving a little hole if it be a -Boy for his Cock to peep out at; and lace him down to -the [p. 128.] board upon his back, his knees resting upon -the foot beneath, then putting the strap of leather upon -their fore-head with the infant hanging at their back -home they trudge; What other ceremonies they use -more than dying of them with a liquor of boiled <em>Hemlock</em>-Bark, -and their throwing of them into the water if they -suspect the Child to be gotten by any other Nation, to see -if he will swim, if he swim they acknowledge him for their -own, their names they give them when they are men -grown, and covet much to be called after our <em>English</em> -manner, <em>Robin</em>, <em>Harry</em>, <em>Phillip</em> and the like, very indulgent -they are to their Children, and their children sometimes -to their Parents, but if they live so long that they -become a burden to them, they will either starve them or -bury them alive, as it was supposed an <em>Indian</em> did his -Mother at <em>Casco</em> in 1669.</p> - -<p>Their Apparel before the <em>English</em> came amongst them, -was the skins of wild Beasts with the hair on, Buskins of -<em>Deers</em>-skin or <em>Moose</em> drest and drawn with lines into several -works, the lines being coloured with yellow, blew or -red, Pumps too they have, made of tough skins without -soles. In the winter when the snow will bear them, they -fasten to their feet their snow shooes which are made like -a large Racket we play at [p. 129.] <em>Tennis</em> with, lacing -them with <em>Deers</em>-guts and the like, under their belly they -wear a square piece of leather and the like upon their -posteriors, both fastened to a string tyed about them to -hide their secrets; on their heads they ware nothing: But<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101"></a>[101]</span> -since they have had to do with the English they purchase -of them a sort of Cloth called trading cloth of which they -make Mantles, Coats with short sleeves, and caps for their -heads which the women use, but the men continue their -old fashion going bare-headed, excepting some old men -amongst them. They are very proud as appeareth by -their setting themselves out with white and blew Beads of -their own making, and painting of their faces with the -above mentioned colours, they weave sometimes curious -Coats with <em>Turkie</em> feathers for their Children.</p> - -<p>Their Diet is Fish and Fowl, Bear, Wild-cat, Rattoon -and Deer; dry’d Oysters, <em>Lobsters</em> rosted or dryed in the -smoak, <em>Lampres</em> and dry’d <em>Moose</em>-tongues, which they -esteem a dish for a <em>Sagamor</em>; hard eggs boiled and made -small and dryed to thicken their broth with, salt they have -not the use of, nor bread, their <em>Indian</em> Corn and Kidney -beans they boil, and sometimes eat their Corn parcht or -roasted in the ear against the fire; they feed likewise upon -earth-nuts, [p. 130.] or ground-nuts, roots of water-Lillies, -Ches-nuts, and divers sorts of Berries. They beat their -Corn to powder and put it up into bags, which they make -use of when stormie weather or the like will not suffer -them to look out for their food. <em>Pompions</em> and water-<em>Mellons</em> -too they have good store; they have prodigious -stomachs, devouring a cruel deal, meer <em>voragoes</em>, never giving -over eating as long as they have it, between meals -spending their time in sleep till the next kettlefull is -boiled, when all is gone they satisfie themselves with a -small quantity of the meal, making it serve as the frugal -bit amongst the old <em>Britains</em>, which taken to the mountenance -of a Bean would satisfie both thirst and hunger. If<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102"></a>[102]</span> -they have none of this, as sometimes it falleth out (being -a very careless people not providing against the storms of -want and tempest of necessity) they make use of Sir <em>Francis -Drake’s</em> remedy for hunger, go to sleep.</p> - -<p>They live long, even to an hundred years of age, if -they be not cut off by their Children, war, and the plague, -which together with the small pox hath taken away abundance -of them. <em>Pliny</em> reckons up but 300 Diseases in -and about man, latter writers Six thousand, 236 belonging -to the eyes. There are not so many Diseases raigning -[p. 131.] amongst them as our <em>Europeans</em>. The great -pox is proper to them, by reason (as some do deem) that -they are <em>Man-eaters</em>, which disease was brought amongst -our <em>Europeans</em> first by the <em>Spaniards</em> that went with -<em>Christopher Columbus</em> who brought it to <em>Naples</em> with their -<em>Indian</em>-women, with whom the <em>Italians</em> and <em>French</em> conversed -<em>Anno Dom.</em> 1493. <em>Paracelsus</em> saith it happened in -the year 1478 and 1480. But all agree that it was not -known in <em>Europe</em> before <em>Columbus</em> his voyage to <em>America</em>. -It hath continued amongst us above two hundred -and three score years. There are Diseases that are proper -to certain climates, as the Leprosie to <em>Ægypt</em>, swelling of -the Throat or <em>Mentegra</em> to <em>Asia</em>, the sweating sickness to -the Inhabitants of the North; to the <em>Portugals</em> the -Phthisick, to <em>Savoy</em> the mumps; So to the <em>West-Indies</em> the -Pox, but this doth not exclude other Diseases. In <em>New-England</em> -the <em>Indians</em> are afflicted with pestilent Feavers, -Plague, Black-pox, Consumption of the Lungs, Falling-sickness, -Kings-evil, and a Disease called by the <em>Spaniard</em> -the Plague in the back, with us <em>Empyema</em>, their Physicians -are the <em>Powaws</em> or <em>Indian</em> Priests who cure sometimes<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103"></a>[103]</span> -by charms and medicine, but in a general infection -they seldom come amongst them, [p. 132.] therefore they -use their own remedies, which is sweating, <em>&c.</em> Their -manner is when they have plague or small pox amongst -them to cover their <em>Wigwams</em> with Bark so close that no -Air can enter in, lining them (as I said before) within, and -making a great fire they remain there in a stewing heat -till they are in a top sweat, and then run out into the Sea -or River, and presently after they are come into their -Hutts again they either recover or give up the Ghost; -they dye patiently both men and women, not knowing of -a Hell to scare them, nor a Conscience to terrifie them. -In times of general Mortality they omit the Ceremonies -of burying, exposing their dead Carkases to the Beasts of -prey. But at other times they dig a Pit and set the diseased -therein upon his breech upright, and throwing in -the earth, cover it with the sods and bind them down with -sticks, driving in two stakes at each end; their mournings -are somewhat like the howlings of the <em>Irish</em>, seldom at the -grave but in the <em>Wigwam</em> where the party dyed, blaming -the Devil for his hard heartedness, and concluding with -rude prayers to him to afflict them no further.</p> - -<p>They acknowledge a God who they call <em>Squantam</em>, but -worship him they do not, [p. 133.] because (they say) he -will do them no harm. But <em>Abbamocho</em> or <em>Cheepie</em> many -times smites them with incurable Diseases, scares them -with his Apparitions and pannick Terrours, by reason -whereof they live in a wretched consternation worshipping -the Devil for fear. One black <em>Robin</em> an <em>Indian</em> sitting -down in the Corn field belonging to the house where -I resided, ran out of his <em>Wigwam</em> frighted with the apparition<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104"></a>[104]</span> -of two infernal spirits in the shape of <em>Mohawkes</em>. -Another time two <em>Indians</em> and an <em>Indess</em>, came running -into our house crying out they should all dye, <em>Cheepie</em> was -gone over the field gliding in the Air with a long rope -hanging from one of his legs: we askt them what he was -like, they said all wone <em>Englishman</em>, clothed with hat and -coat, shooes and stockings, <em>&c.</em> They have a remarkable -observation of a flame that appears before the death of an -<em>Indian</em> or <em>English</em> upon their <em>Wigwams</em> in the dead of the -night: The first time that I did see it, I was call’d out by -some of them about twelve of the clock, it being a very -dark night, I perceived it plainly mounting into the Air -over our Church, which was built upon a plain little more -than half a quarter of a mile from our dwelling house, on -the Northside of the Church: look on [p. 134.] what side -of a house it appears, from that Coast respectively you -shall hear of a Coarse within two or three days.</p> - -<p>They worship the Devil (as I said) their Priests are called -<em>Powaws</em> and are little better than Witches, for they have -familiar conference with him, who makes them invulnerable, -that is shot-free and stick-free. Craftie Rogues, abusing -the rest at their pleasure, having power over them by -reason of their Diabolical Art in curing of Diseases, which -is performed with rude Ceremonies; they place the sick -upon the ground sitting, and dance in an Antick manner -round about him, beating their naked breasts with a strong -hand, and making hideous faces, sometimes calling upon -the Devil for his help, mingling their prayers with horrid -and barbarous charms; if the sick recover they send rich -gifts, their Bowes and Arrowes, <em>Wompompers</em>, <em>Mohacks</em>, -<em>Beaver skins</em>, or other rich Furs to the Eastward, where<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105"></a>[105]</span> -there is a vast Rock not far from the shore, having a hole -in it of an unsearchable profundity, into which they throw -them.</p> - -<p>Their Theologie is not much, but questionless they -acknowledge a God and a Devil, and some small light -they have of the Souls immortality; for ask them [p. 135.] -whither they go when they dye, they will tell you -pointing with their finger to Heaven beyond the white -mountains, and do hint at <em>Noah’s</em> Floud, as may be conceived -by a story they have received from Father to Son, -time out of mind, that a great while agon their Countrey -was drowned, and all the People and other Creatures in -it, only one <em>Powaw</em> and his <em>Webb</em> foreseeing the Floud, -fled to the white mountains carrying a hare along with -them and so escaped; after a while the <em>Powaw</em> sent the -<em>Hare</em> away, who not returning emboldned thereby they -descended, and lived many years after, and had many -Children, from whom the Countrie was filled again with -<em>Indians.</em> Some of them tell another story of the <em>Beaver</em>, -saying that he was their Father.</p> - -<p>Their learning is very little or none, Poets they are as -may be ghessed by their formal speeches, sometimes an -hour long, the last word of a line riming with the last -word of the following line, and the whole doth <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Constare -ex pedibus</i>. Musical too they be, having many pretty odd -barbarous tunes which they make use of vocally at marriages -and feastings; but Instruments they had none before -the <em>English</em> came amongst them, since they have -imitated them and will make out Kitts and string them -as neatly, [p. 136.] and as Artificially as the best Fiddle-maker -amongst us; and will play our plain lessons very<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106"></a>[106]</span> -exactly: the only Fidler that was in the Province of <em>Meyn</em>, -when I was there, was an <em>Indian</em> called <em>Scozway</em>, whom -the Fishermen and planters when they had a mind to be -merry made use of.</p> - -<p>Arithmetick they skill not, reckoning to ten upon their -fingers, and if more doubling of it by holding their fingers -up, their age they reckon by Moons, and their actions -by sleeps, as, if they go a journie, or are to do any -other business they will say, three sleeps me walk, or two -or three sleeps me do such a thing, that is in two or three -days. Astronomie too they have no knowledge of, seldom -or never taking observation of the Stars, Eclipses, or Comets -that I could perceive; but they will Prognosticate -shrewdly what weather will fall out. They are generally -excellent <em>Zenagogues</em> or guides through their Countrie.</p> - -<p>Their exercises are hunting and fishing, in both they -will take abundance of pains. When the snow will bear -them, the young and lustie <em>Indians</em>, (leaving their papouses -and old people at home) go forth to hunt <em>Moose</em>, -<em>Deere</em>, <em>Bear</em> and <em>Beaver</em>, Thirty or forty miles up into the -Countrey; when they light upon a <em>Moose</em> they run him -down, [p. 137.] which is sometimes in half a day, sometimes -a whole day, but never give him over till they have -tyred him, the snow being usually four foot deep, and the -Beast very heavie he sinks every step, and as he runs sometimes -bears down Arms of Trees that hang in his way, -with his horns, as big as a mans thigh; other whiles, if -any of their dogs (which are but small) come near, yerking -out his heels (for he strikes like a horse) if a small -Tree be in the way he breaks it quite asunder with one -stroak, at last they get up to him on each side and transpierce<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107"></a>[107]</span> -him with their Lances, which formerly were no -other but a staff of a yard and half pointed with a Fishes -bone made sharp at the end, but since they put on pieces -of sword-blades which they purchase of the <em>French</em>, and -having a strap of leather fastned to the but end of the -staff which they bring down to the midst of it, they dart -it into his sides, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">hæret latere lethalis arundo</i>, the poor -Creature groans, and walks on heavily, for a space, then -sinks and falls down like a ruined building, making the -Earth to quake; then presently in come the Victors, who -having cut the throat of the slain take off his skin, their -young webbs by this time are walking towards them with -heavie bags and kettles at their [p. 138.] backs, who laying -down their burdens fall to work upon the Carkass, -take out the heart, and from that the bone, cut off the left -foot behind, draw out the sinews, and cut out his tongue -<em>&c.</em> and as much of the Venison as will serve to satiate -the hungry mawes of the Company; mean while the men -pitch upon a place near some spring, and with their snow -shoos shovel the snow away to the bare Earth in a circle, -making round about a wall of snow; in the midst they -make their <em>Vulcan</em> or fire near to a great Tree, upon the -snags whereof they hang their kettles fil’d with the Venison; -whilst that boils, the men after they have refresht -themselves with a pipe of Tobacco dispose themselves to -sleep. The women tend the Cookerie, some of them scrape -the slime and fat from the skin, cleanse the sinews, and -stretch them and the like, when the venison is boiled the -men awake, and opening of their bags take out as much -<em>Indian</em> meal as will serve their turns for the present; they -eat their broth with spoons, and their flesh they divide into<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108"></a>[108]</span> -gobbets, eating now and then with it as much meal as -they can hold betwixt three fingers; their drink they fetch -from the spring, and were not acquainted with other, untill -the <em>French</em> and <em>English</em> traded with that cursed liquor -[p. 139.] called <em>Rum</em>, <em>Rum-bullion</em>, or kill-Devil, which is -stronger than spirit of Wine, and is drawn from the dross -of Sugar and Sugar Canes, this they love dearly, and will -part with all they have to their bare skins for it, being perpetually -drunk with it, as long as it is to be had, it hath -killed many of them, especially old women who have dyed -when dead drunk. Thus instead of bringing of them to -the knowledge of Christianitie, we have taught them to -commit the beastly and crying sins of our Nation, for a -little profit. When the <em>Indians</em> have stuft their paunches, -if it be fair weather and about midday they venture forth -again, but if it be foul and far spent, they betake themselves -to their field-bed at the sign of the Star, expecting -the opening of the Eastern window, which if it promise -serenity, they truss up their fardles, and away for another -<em>Moose</em>, this course they continue for six weeks or two -moneths, making their <em>Webbs</em> their <em>Mules</em> to carry their -luggage, they do not trouble themselves with the horns of -<em>Moose</em> or other <em>Deer</em>, unless it be near an <em>English</em> plantation; -because they are weighty and cumbersome. If the -<em>English</em> could procure them to bring them in, they would -be worth the pains and charge, being sold in <em>England</em> -after the rate of forty or fifty [p. 140.] pounds a Tun; -the red heads of <em>Deer</em> are the fairest and fullest of marrow, -and lightest; the black heads are heavie and have less -marrow; the white are the worst, and the worst nourished. -When the <em>Indians</em> are gone, there gathers to the Carkass<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109"></a>[109]</span> -of the <em>Moose</em> thousands of <em>Mattrises</em>, of which there are -but few or none near the Sea-coasts to be seen, these devour -the remainder in a quarter of the time that they -were hunting of it.</p> - -<p>Their fishing followes in the spring, summer and fall of -the leaf. First for <em>Lobsters</em>, <em>Clams</em>, <em>Flouke</em>, <em>Lumps</em> or <em>Podles</em>, -and <em>Alewives</em>; afterwards for <em>Bass</em>, <em>Cod</em>, <em>Rock</em>, <em>Blew-fish</em>, -<em>Salmon</em>, and <em>Lampres</em>, &c.</p> - -<p>The <em>Lobsters</em> they take in large Bayes when it is low -water, the wind still, going out in their <em>Birchen-Canows</em> -with a staff two or three yards long, made small and sharpen’d -at one end, and nick’d with deep nicks to take -hold. When they spye the <em>Lobster</em> crawling upon the -Sand in two fathom water, more or less, they stick him -towards the head and bring him up. I have known thirty -<em>Lobsters</em> taken by an <em>Indian</em> lad in an hour and a half, -thus they take <em>Flouke</em> and <em>Lumps</em>; <em>Clams</em> they dig out of -the <em>Clam-banks</em> upon the flats and in creeks when it is low -water, where they are bedded [p. 141.] sometimes a yard -deep one upon another, the beds a quarter of a mile in -length, and less, the <em>Alewives</em> they take with Nets like a -pursenet put upon a round hoop’d stick with a handle in -fresh ponds where they come to spawn. The <em>Bass</em> and -<em>Blew-fish</em> they take in harbours, and at the mouth of -barr’d Rivers being in their <em>Canows</em>, striking them with a -fisgig, a kind of dart or staff, to the lower end whereof -they fasten a sharp jagged bone (since they make them of -Iron) with a string fastened to it, as soon as the fish is struck -they pull away the staff, leaving the bony head in the -fishes body and fasten the other end of the string to the -<em>Canow</em>: Thus they will hale after them to shore half a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110"></a>[110]</span> -dozen or half a score great fishes: this way they take -<em>Sturgeon</em>; and in dark evenings when they are upon the -fishing ground near a Bar of Sand (where the <em>Sturgeon</em> -feeds upon small fishes (like <em>Eals</em>) that are called Lances -sucking them out of the Sands where they lye hid, with -their hollow Trunks, for other mouth they have none) the -<em>Indian</em> lights a piece of dry <em>Birch-Bark</em> which breaks out -into a flame & holds it over the side of his <em>Canow</em>, the -<em>Sturgeon</em> seeing this glaring light mounts to the Surface -of the water where he is slain and taken with a fisgig. -<em>Salmons</em> and <em>Lampres</em> [p. 142.] are catch’d at the falls of -Rivers. All the Rivers of note in the Countrey have two -or three desperate falls distant one from another for some -miles, for it being rising ground from the Sea and mountainous -within land, the Rivers having their Originals -from great lakes, and hastning to the Sea, in their passage -meeting with Rocks that are not so easily worn away, as -the loose earthie mould beneath the Rock, makes a fall of -the water in some Rivers as high as a house: you would -think it strange to see, yea admire if you saw the bold -<em>Barbarians</em> in their light <em>Canows</em> rush down the swift and -headlong stream with desperate speed, but with excellent -dexterity, guiding his <em>Canow</em> that seldom or never it shoots -under water, or overturns, if it do they can swim naturally, -striking their pawes under their throat like a dog, -and not spreading their Arms as we do; they turn their -<em>Canow</em> again and go into it in the water.</p> - -<p>Their Merchandize are their beads, which are their -money, of these there are two sorts blew Beads and white -Beads, the first is their Gold, the last their Silver, these -they work out of certain shells so cunningly that neither<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111"></a>[111]</span> -<em>Jew</em> nor Devil can counterfeit, they dril them and string -them, and make many curious works with them to [p. -143.] adorn the persons of their <em>Sagamours</em> and principal -men and young women, as Belts, Girdles, Tablets, Borders -for their womens hair, Bracelets, Necklaces, and links -to hang in their ears. Prince <em>Phillip</em> a little before I -came for <em>England</em> coming to <em>Boston</em> had a Coat on and -Buskins set thick with these Beads in pleasant wild works -and a broad Belt of the same, his Accoutrements were -valued at Twenty pounds. The <em>English</em> Merchant giveth -them ten shillings a fathom for their white, and as much -more or near upon for their blew Beads. Delicate sweet -dishes too they make of <em>Birch-Bark</em> sowed with threads -drawn from <em>Spruse</em> or white <em>Cedar-Roots</em>, and garnished -on the out-side with flourisht works, and on the brims -with glistering quills taken from the <em>Porcupine</em>, and dyed, -some black, others red, the white are natural, these they -make of all sizes from a dram cup to a dish containing a -pottle, likewise Buckets to carry water or the like, large -Boxes too of the same materials, dishes, spoons and trayes -wrought very smooth and neatly out of the knots of wood, -baskets, bags, and matts woven with <em>Sparke</em>, bark of the -<em>Line-Tree</em> and <em>Rushes</em> of several kinds, dyed as before, -some black, blew, red, yellow, bags of <em>Porcupine</em> quills -woven and dyed also; Coats woven of [p. 144.] <em>Turkie</em>-feathers -for their Children, Tobacco pipes of stone with -Imagerie upon them, Kettles of <em>Birchen-bark</em> which they -used before they traded with the <em>French</em> for Copper Kettles, -by all which you may apparently see that necessity -was at first the mother of all inventions. The women are -the workers of most of these, and are now, here and there<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112"></a>[112]</span> -one excellent needle woman, and will milk a Cow neatly, -their richest trade are Furs of divers sorts, Black <em>Fox</em>, -<em>Beaver</em>, <em>Otter</em>, <em>Bear</em>, <em>Sables</em>, <em>Mattrices</em>, <em>Fox</em>, <em>Wild-Cat</em>, <em>Rattoons</em>, -<em>Martins</em>, <em>Musquash</em>, <em>Moose-skins</em>.</p> - -<p>Ships they have none, but do prettily imitate ours in -their <em>Birchen-pinnaces</em>, their <em>Canows</em> are made of <em>Birch</em>, -they shape them with flat Ribbs of white <em>Cedar</em>, and cover -them with large sheets of <em>Birch-bark</em>, sowing them through -with strong threds of <em>Spruse-Roots</em> or white <em>Cedar</em>, and -pitch them with a mixture of <em>Turpentine</em> and the hard -rosen that is dryed with the Air on the out-side of the -Bark of <em>Firr-Trees</em>. These will carry half a dozen or -three or four men and a considerable fraight, in these they -swim to Sea twenty, nay forty miles, keeping from the -shore a league or two, sometimes to shorten their voyage -when they are to double a Cape they will put to shore, -and [p. 145.] two of them taking up the <em>Canow</em> carry it -cross the Cape or neck of land to the other side, and to -Sea again; they will indure an incredible great Sea, -mounting upon the working billowes like a piece of -Corke; but they require skilful hands to guide them in -rough weather, none but the <em>Indians</em> scarce dare to undertake -it, such like Vessels the Ancient <em>Brittains</em> used, as -<em>Lucan</em> relates.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>Primum cana salix, madefacto vimine, parvam</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>Texitur in puppim, cæsoque induta juvenco,</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>Vectoris patiens tumidum super emicat amnem.</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>Sic Venetus stagnante Pado, fusoque Britanus</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>Navigat oceano——</i></div><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_113"></a>[113]</span> - <div class="verse indent0"> </div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>When</i> Sicoris <i>to his own banks restor’d</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>Had left the field, of twigs, and willow boord</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>They made small Boats, cover’d with Bullocks hide,</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>In which they reacht the Rivers further side.</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>So sail the Veneti if</i> Padus <i>flow,</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>The Brittains sail on their calm ocean so:</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>So the Ægyptians sail with woven Boats</i></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><i>Of paper rushes in their</i> Nilus <i>floats.</i></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>[p. 146.] Their Government is monarchical, the Patrueius -or they that descend from the eldest proceeding from -his loyns, is the Roytelet of the Tribe, and if he have -Daughters, his Son dying without a Son, the Government -descends to his Daughters Son: after the same manner, -their lands descend. <em>Cheetadaback</em> was the chief <em>Sachem</em> -or <em>Roytelet</em> of the <em>Massachusets</em>, when the <em>English</em> first set -down there. <em>Massasoit</em>, the great <em>Sachem</em> of the <em>Plimouth -Indians</em>, his dwelling was at a place called <em>Sowans</em>, about -four miles distant from <em>New-Plimouth</em>. <em>Sasasacus</em> was the -chief <em>Sachem</em> of the <em>Pequots</em>, and <em>Mientoniack</em> of the <em>Narragansets</em>. -The chief <em>Roytelet</em> amongst the <em>Mohawks</em> now -living, is a <em>Dutchmans</em> Bastard, and the <em>Roytelet</em> now of -the <em>Pocanakets</em>, that is the <em>Plimouth-Indians</em>, is Prince -<em>Philip</em> alias <em>Metacon</em>, the Grandson of <em>Massasoit</em>. Amongst -the Eastern <em>Indians</em>, <em>Summersant</em> formerly was a famous -<em>Sachem</em>. The now living <em>Sachems</em> of note are <em>Sabaccaman</em>, -<em>Terrumkin</em> and <em>Robinhood</em>.</p> - -<p>Their Wars are with Neighbouring Tribes, but the -<em>Mowhawks</em> are enemies to all the other <em>Indians</em>, their -weapons of Defence and Offence are Bowes and Arrowes, -of late he is a poor <em>Indian</em> that is not [p. 147.] master of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_114"></a>[114]</span> -two Guns, which they purchase of the <em>French</em>, and powder -and shot, they are generally excellent marks men; -their other weapons are <em>Tamahawks</em> which are staves two -foot and a half long with a knob at the end as round as -a bowl, and as big as that we call the Jack or Mistriss. -Lances too they have made (as I have said before) with -broken sword blades, likewise they have Hatchets and -knives; but these are weapons of a latter date. They -colour their faces red all over, supposing that it makes -them the more terrible, they are lusty Souldiers to see to -and very strong, meer <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules Rusticuses</i>, their fights are -by Ambushments and Surprises, coming upon one another -unawares. They will march a hundred miles -through thick woods and swamps to the <em>Mowhawks</em> -Countrey, and the <em>Mowhawks</em> into their Countrey, meeting -sometimes in the woods, or when they come into an -<em>Enemies</em> Countrey build a rude fort with <em>Pallizadoes</em>, having -loop-holes out of which they shoot their Arrowes, and -fire their Guns, pelting at one another a week or moneth -together; If any of them step out of the Fort they are in -danger to be taken prisoners by the one side or the other; -that side that gets the victory excoriats the hair-scalp of the -principal slain Enemies which [p. 148.] they bear away in -Triumph, their prisoners they bring home, the old men -and women they knock in the head, the young women -they keep, and the men of war they torture to death as -the Eastern <em>Indians</em> did two <em>Mowhawks</em> whilst I was there, -they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before -him, then with sharp knives they cut off the first joynts -of his fingers and toes, then clap upon them hot Embers -to sear the vains; so they cut him a pieces joynt after<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_115"></a>[115]</span> -joynt, still applying hot Embers to the place to stanch the -bloud, making the poor wretch to sing all the while: -when Arms and Legs are gone, they flay off the skin of -their Heads, and presently put on a Cap of burning Embers, -then they open his breast and take out his heart, -which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their -old Squaes, who are every one to have a bite at it. These -Barbarous Customs were used amongst them more frequently -before the <em>English</em> came; but since by the great -mercy of the Almighty they are in a way to be Civilized -and converted to Christianity; there being three Churches -of <em>Indians</em> gathered together by the pains of Mr. <em>John -Eliot</em> and his Son, who Preaches to them in their Native -language, and hath rendered the Bible in that Language -for the benefit of [p. 149.] the <em>Indians</em>. These go clothed -like the <em>English</em>, live in framed houses, have stocks of -Corn and Cattle about them, which when they are fat -they bring to the <em>English</em> Markets, the Hogs that they -rear are counted the best in <em>New-England</em>. Some of their -Sons have been brought up Scholars in <em>Harvard</em> Colledge, -and I was told that there was but two Fellowes in -that Colledge, and one of them was an <em>Indian</em>; some few -of these Christian <em>Indians</em> have of late Apostatized and -fallen back to their old Superstition and course of life.</p> - -<p>Thus much shall suffice concerning <em>New-England</em>, as it -was when the <em>Indians</em> solely possest it. I will now proceed -to give you an accompt of it, as it is under the management -of the <em>English</em>; but methinks I hear my sceptick -Readers muttering out of their scuttle mouths, what will -accrew to us by this rambling <em>Logodiarce</em>? you do but -bring straw into <em>Egypt</em>, a Countrey abounding with Corn.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_116"></a>[116]</span> -Thus by these <em>Famacides</em> who are so minutely curious, I -am dejected from my hope, whilst they challenge the freedom -of <em>David’s</em> Ruffins, Our Tongues are our own, who-shall -controll us. I have done what I can to please you, -I have piped and you will not dance. I have told you as -strange things as ever you or your Fathers [p. 150.] have -heard. The <em>Italian</em> saith <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Chi vide un miraculo facilmente -ne crede un altro</i>, he that hath seen one miracle will easilie -believe another, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">miranda canunt sed non credenda poetæ</i>. -Oh I see the pad, you never heard nor saw the like, therefore -you do not believe me; well Sirs I shall not strain -your belief any further, the following Relation I hope will -be more tolerable, yet I could (it is possible) insert as wonderful -things as any my pen hath yet gone over, and may, -but it must be upon condition you will not put me to the -proof of it. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Nemo tenetur ad impossibilia</i>, no man is -obliged to do more than is in his power, is a rule in law. -To be short; if you cannot with the <em>Bee</em> gather the honey, -with the Spider suck out the poyson, as Sir <em>John Davis</em> -hath it.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>The Bee and Spider by a divers power</em></div> - <div class="verse indent0"><em>Suck honey and poyson from the self-same flower.</em></div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>I am confident you will get but little poyson here, no -’tis the poyson of <em>Asps</em> under your tongue that swells you: -truly, I do take you rather to be Spider catchers than Spiders, -such as will not laudably imploy themselves, nor suffer -others; you may well say <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">non amo hominem, sed non -possum</i> [p. 151.] <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">dicere quare</i>, unless it be because I am -a Veronessa, no Romancer. To conclude; if with your<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_117"></a>[117]</span> -mother wit, you can mend the matter, take pen in hand -and fall to work, do your Countrey some service as I have -done according to my Talent. Henceforth you are to -expect no more Relations from me. I am now return’d -into my Native Countrey, and by the providence of the -Almighty, and the bounty of my Royal Soveraigness am -disposed to a holy quiet of study and meditation for the -good of my soul; and being blessed with a transmentitation -or change of mind, and weaned from the world, may -take up for my word, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">non est mortale quod opto</i>. If what -I have done is thought uprears for the approvement of -those to whom it is intended, I shall be more than meanly -contented.</p> - -<p><em>New-England</em> was first discovered by <em>John Cabota</em> and -his Son <em>Sebastian</em> in <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1514. A further discovery -afterwards was made by the honourable Sir <em>Walter -Rawleigh</em> Knight in <em>Anno</em> 1584. when as <em>Virginia</em> was -discovered, which together with <em>Mary-land</em>, <em>New-England</em>, -<em>Nova Scotia</em> was known by one common name to the <em>Indians</em>, -<em>Wingandicoa</em>, and by Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> in honour -of our Virgin Queen, in whose name he took possession -of it, <em>Virginia</em>. In [p. 152.] King <em>James</em> his Reign -it was divided into Provinces as is before named. In -1602. these north parts were further discovered by Capt. -<em>Bartholomew Gosnold</em>. The first <em>English</em> that planted -there, set down not far from the <em>Narragansets-Bay</em>, and -called their Colony <em>Plimouth</em>, since old <em>Plimouth</em>, <em>An. -Dom.</em> 1602. Sir <em>John Popham</em> Lord chief Justice authorized -by his Majesty, King <em>James</em>, sent a Colony of <em>English</em> -to <em>Sagadehock</em>, <em>An.</em> 1606. <em>Newfound-land</em> was discovered -by one <em>Andrew Thorn</em> an English man in <em>Anno</em> 1527.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_118"></a>[118]</span> -Sir <em>Humphrey Gilbert</em> a west Countrey Knight took possession -of it in the Queens name, <em>Anno</em> 1582. The two -first Colonies in <em>New-England</em> failing, there was a fresh -supply of <em>English</em> who set down in other parts of the -Countrey, and have continued in a flourishing condition -to this day.</p> - -<p>The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies, and -for your better understanding observe, a Colony is a sort -of people that come to inhabit a place before not inhabited, -or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Colonus quasi</i>, because they should be Tillers of -the Earth. From hence by an usual figure the Countrey -where they sit down, is called a Colony or Plantation.</p> - -<p>The first of these that I shall relate of, though last in -possession of the <em>English</em>, is now our most Southerly Colony, -and next [p. 153.] adjoyning to <em>Mary-land</em>, <em>scil.</em> the -<em>Manadaes</em> or <em>Manahanent</em> lying upon the great River -<em>Mohegan</em>, which was first discovered by Mr. <em>Hudson</em>, and -sold presently by him to the <em>Dutch</em> without Authority -from his Soveraign the King of <em>England</em>, <em>Anno</em> 1608. -The <em>Dutch</em> in 1614 began to plant there, and call’d it -<em>New-Netherlands</em>, but Sir <em>Samuel Argal</em> Governour of -<em>Virginia</em> routed them, the <em>Dutch</em> after this got leave of -King <em>James</em> to put in there for fresh water in their passage -to <em>Brasile</em>, and did not offer to plant until a good -while after the <em>English</em> were settled in the Countrey. In -<em>Anno</em> 1664 his Majestie <em>Charles</em> the Second sent over four -worthie Gentlemen Commissioners to reduce the Colonies -into their bounds, who had before incroached upon one -another, who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to -<em>Manadaes</em> or <em>Manhataes</em> took from the <em>Dutch</em> their chief -town then called <em>New-Amsterdam</em>, now <em>New York</em>; the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_119"></a>[119]</span> -Twenty ninth of <em>August</em> turn’d out their Governour with -a silver leg, and all but those that were willing to acknowledge -subjection to the King of <em>England</em>, suffering them -to enjoy their houses and estates as before. Thirteen days -after Sir <em>Robert Carr</em> took the Fort and Town of <em>Aurania</em> -now called <em>Albany</em>; and Twelve days after that, the -Fort and Town [p. 154.] of <em>Awsapha</em>, then <em>De-la-ware</em> -Castle, man’d with <em>Dutch</em> and <em>Sweeds</em>. So now the <em>English</em> -are masters of three handsome Towns, three strong -Forts and a Castle, not losing one man. The first Governour -of these parts for the King of <em>England</em> was -Colonel <em>Nicols</em>, a noble Gentleman, and one of his Majesties -Commissioners, who coming for <em>England</em> in <em>Anno -Dom.</em> 1668 as I take it, surrendered the Government to -Colonel <em>Lovelace</em>.</p> - -<p>The Countrey here is bless’d with the richest soil in all -<em>New-England</em>, I have heard it reported from men of -Judgement and Integrity, that one Bushel of <em>European-Wheat</em> -hath yielded a hundred in one year. Their other -Commodities are Furs, and the like.</p> - -<p><em>New-York</em> is situated at the mouth of the great River -<em>Mohegan</em>, and is built with <em>Dutch</em> Brick <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">alla-moderna</i>, -the meanest house therein being valued at One hundred -pounds, to the Landward it is compassed with a Wall of -good thickness; at the entrance of the River is an Island -well fortified, and hath command of any Ship that shall -attempt to pass without their leave.</p> - -<p><em>Albany</em> is situated upon the same River on the West-side, -and is due North from <em>New-York</em> somewhat above -Fifty miles.</p> - -<p>[p. 155.] Along the Sea-side Eastward are many <em>English</em>-Towns,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_120"></a>[120]</span> -as first <em>Westchester</em>, a Sea-Town about Twenty -miles from <em>New-York</em>; to the Eastward of this is <em>Greenwich</em>, -another Sea-Town much about the same distance; -then <em>Chichester</em>, <em>Fairfield</em>, <em>Stratford</em>, <em>Milford</em>, all Sea-Towns -twenty and thirty mile distant from one another, -twenty miles Eastward of <em>Milford</em> is <em>Newhaven</em> the Metropolis -of the Colony begun in 1637. One Mr. <em>Eaton</em> -being there Governour: it is near to the shoals of <em>Cape -Cod</em>, and is one of the four united Colonies.</p> - -<p>The next Sea-Town Eastward of <em>Newhaven</em> is called -<em>Guilford</em> about ten mile, and I think belonging to that -Colony.</p> - -<p>From <em>Guilford</em> to <em>Connecticut</em>-River, is near upon -twenty miles, the fresh River <em>Connecticut</em> bears the name -of another Colony begun in the year 1636 and is also one -of the four united Colonies. Upon this River are situated -13 Towns, within two, three & four miles off one -another. At the mouth of the River, on the West-side is -the <em>Lord-Say</em>, and <em>Brooks fort</em>, called <em>Saybrook-fort</em>. Beyond -this Northward is the Town of <em>Windsor</em>, then <em>Northampton</em>, -then <em>Pinsers-house</em>. On the Eastside of the River, -<em>Hartford</em>, about it low land well stored with meadow and -very fertile. <em>Wethersfield</em> is [p. 156.] also situated upon -<em>Connecticut</em>-River and <em>Springfield</em>; but this Town although -here seated is in the jurisdiction of the <em>Mattachusets</em>, -and hath been infamous by reason of Witches therein. -<em>Hadley</em> lyes to the Northward of <em>Springfield</em>. <em>New-London</em> -which I take to be in the jurisdiction of this Coloney -is situated to the Eastward of <em>Connecticut</em>-River by a small -River, and is not far from the Sea. From <em>Connecticut</em>-River -<em>long-Island</em> stretcheth it self to <em>Mohegan</em> one hundred<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_121"></a>[121]</span> -and twenty miles, but it is but narrow and about sixteen -miles from the main; the considerablest Town upon -it is <em>Southampton</em> built on the Southside of the Island -towards the Eastern end; opposite to this on the Northernside -is <em>Feversham</em>, Westward is <em>Ashford</em>, <em>Huntingdon</em>, -&c. The Island is well stored with Sheep and other Cattle, -and Corn, and is reasonable populous. Between this -Island and the mouth of <em>Connecticut</em>-River lyeth three -small Islands, <em>Shelter-Island</em>, <em>Fishers-Island</em>, and the Isle of -<em>Wight</em>. Over against <em>New-London</em> full South lyeth <em>Block -Island</em>.</p> - -<p>The next place of note on the Main is <em>Narragansets-Bay</em>, -within which Bay is <em>Rhode Island</em> a Harbour for the -<em>Shunamitish</em> Brethren, as the Saints Errant, the Quakers -who are rather to be esteemed Vagabonds, than Religious -persons, <em>&c.</em></p> - -<p>[p. 157.] At the further end of the <em>Bay</em> by the mouth -of <em>Narragansets</em>-River, on the South-side thereof was old -<em>Plimouth</em> plantation <em>Anno</em> 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea, -South of <em>Rhode-Island</em>, lyeth <em>Martins</em> vineyard in the way -to <em>Virginia</em>, this Island is governed by a discreet Gentleman -Mr. <em>Mayhew</em> by name. To the Eastward of <em>Martin’s</em> -vinyard lyeth <em>Nantocket-Island</em>, and further Eastward <em>Elizabeths-Island</em>, -these Islands are twenty or thirty mile asunder, -and now we are come to <em>Cape-Cod</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Cape-Cod</em> was so called at the first by Captain <em>Gosnold</em> -and his Company <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1602, because they took -much of that fish there; and afterward was called <em>Cape-James</em> -by Captain <em>Smith</em>: the point of the <em>Cape</em> is called -<em>Point-Cave</em> and <em>Tuckers</em> Terror, and by the <em>French</em> and -<em>Dutch</em> <em>Mallacar</em>, by reason of the perillous shoals. The<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_122"></a>[122]</span> -first place to be taken notice of on the South-side of the -<em>Cape</em> is <em>Wests</em>-Harbour, the first Sea-Town <em>Sandwich</em> formerly -called <em>Duxbury</em> in the Jurisdiction of <em>New-Plimouth</em>. -Doubling the <em>Cape</em> we come into the great <em>Bay</em>, -on the West whereof is <em>New-Plimouth-Bay</em>, on the South-west-end -of this <em>Bay</em> is situated <em>New Plimouth</em>, the first -<em>English</em>-Colony that took firm possession in this Countrey, -which was in 1620, and the first Town built [p. 158.] -therein, whose longitude is 315 degrees, in latitude 41 degrees -and 37 minutes, it was built nine years before any -other Town, from the beginning of it to 1669 is just forty -years, in which time there hath been an increasing of forty -Churches in this Colony (but many more in the rest,) -and Towns in all <em>New-England</em> one hundred and twenty, -for the most part along the Sea-Coasts, (as being wholsomest) -for somewhat more than two hundred miles: -onely on <em>Connecticut</em>-River (as I have said) is thirteen -Towns not far off one another.</p> - -<p>The other Towns of note in this Colony are <em>Green-Harbour</em> -to the Eastward of <em>Plimouth</em> towards the point -of the <em>Cape</em>, & therefore somewhat unaccessible by land, -here is excellent Timber for shipping; then <em>Marshfield</em>, -<em>Yarmouth</em>, <em>Rehoboth</em>, <em>Bridgwater</em>, <em>Warwick</em>, <em>Taunton</em>, -<em>Eastham</em>, by the <em>Indians</em> called <em>Namset</em>.</p> - -<p>The first Town Northeast from <em>Green-harbor</em> is <em>Sittuate</em> -in the jurisdiction of the <em>Mattachusets</em>-Colony, more -Northward of <em>Sittuate</em> is <em>Conchusset</em> and <em>Hull</em> a little -Burg lying open to the Sea, from thence we came to -<em>Merton-point</em> over against which is <em>Pullin-point</em>. Upon -<em>Merton-point</em> (which is on the Larboard-side) is a Town -called <em>Nantascot</em>, which is two Leagues from <em>Boston</em>,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_123"></a>[123]</span> -where [p. 159.] Ships commonly cast Anchor. <em>Pullin-point</em> -is so called, because the Boats are by the seasing or -Roads haled against the Tide which is very strong, it is -the usual Channel for Boats to pass into <em>Mattachusets-Bay</em>.</p> - -<p>There is an Island on the South-side of the passage -containing eight Acres of ground. Upon a rising hill -within this Island is mounted a Castle commanding the -entrance, no stately Edifice, nor strong; built with Brick -and Stone, kept by a Captain, under whom is a master-Gunner -and others.</p> - -<p>The <em>Bay</em> is large, made by many Islands, the chief -<em>Deere</em>-Island, which is within a flight shot of <em>Pullin-point</em>, -great store of <em>Deere</em> were wont to swim thither from the -Main; then <em>Bird</em>-Island, <em>Glass</em>-island, <em>Slate</em>-Island, the -Governours Garden, where the first Apple-Trees in the -Countrey were planted, and a vinyard; then <em>Round</em>-Island, -and <em>Noddles</em>-Island not far from <em>Charles</em>-Town: most -of these Islands lye on the North-side of the <em>Bay</em>.</p> - -<p>The next Town to <em>Nantascot</em> on the South-side of the -<em>Bay</em> is <em>Wissaguset</em> a small Village, about three miles from -<em>Mount-wolleston</em>, about this Town the soil is very fertile.</p> - -<p>Within sight of this is <em>Mount-wolleston</em> or <em>Merry-mount</em>, -called <em>Massachusets</em>-fields, [p. 160.] where <em>Chicatabat</em> the -greatest <em>Sagamore</em> of the Countrey lived before the -plague: here the Town of <em>Braintree</em> is seated, no Boat -nor Ship can come near to it, here is an Iron mill: to the -West of this Town is <em>Naponset</em> River.</p> - -<p>Six miles beyond <em>Braintree</em> lyeth <em>Dorchester</em>, a frontire -Town pleasantly seated, and of large extent into the main -land, well watered with two small Rivers, her body and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_124"></a>[124]</span> -wings filled somewhat thick with houses to the number of -two hundred and more, beautified with fair Orchards and -Gardens, having also plenty of Corn-land, and store of -Cattle, counted the greatest Town heretofore in <em>New-England</em>, -but now gives way to <em>Boston</em>, it hath a Harbour -to the North for Ships.</p> - -<p>A mile from <em>Dorchester</em> is the Town of <em>Roxbury</em>, a fair -and handsome Countrey Town, the streets large, the Inhabitants -rich, replenished with Orchards and Gardens, -well watered with springs and small freshets, a brook runs -through it called <em>Smelt</em>-River, a quarter of a mile to the -North-side of the Town runs stony River: it is seated in -the bottom of a shallow <em>Bay</em>, but hath no harbour for -shipping. Boats come to it, it hath store of Land and -Cattle.</p> - -<p>Two miles Northeast from <em>Roxbury</em>, and [p. 161.] Forty -miles from <em>New-Plimouth</em>, in the latitude of 42 or 43 degrees -and 10 minutes, in the bottom of <em>Massachusets-Bay</em> -is <em>Boston</em> (whose longitude is 315 degrees, or as others will -322 degrees and 30 seconds.) So called from a Town in -<em>Lincolnshire</em>, which in the <em>Saxons</em> time bare the name of -St. <em>Botolph</em>, and is the Metropolis of this Colony, or rather -of the whole Countrey, situated upon a <em>Peninsula</em>, about -four miles in compass, almost square, and invironed with -the Sea, saving one small <em>Isthmus</em> which gives access to -other Towns by land on the South-side. The Town hath -two hills of equal height on the frontire part thereof next -the Sea, the one well fortified on the superficies with some -Artillery mounted, commanding any Ship as she sails into -the Harbour within the still <em>Bay</em>; the other hill hath a -very strong battery built of whole Timber and fill’d with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_125"></a>[125]</span> -earth, at the descent of the hill in the extreamest part -thereof, betwixt these two strong Arms, lyes a large <em>Cove</em> -or <em>Bay</em>, on which the chiefest part of the Town is built -to the Northwest is a high mountain that out-tops all, -with its three little rising hills on the summit, called -<em>Tramount</em>, this is furnished with a Beacon and great -Guns, from hence you may [p. 162.] overlook all the Islands -in the <em>Bay</em>, and descry such Ships as are upon the -Coast: the houses are for the most part raised on the Sea-banks -and wharfed out with great industry and cost, many -of them standing upon piles, close together on each side -the streets as in <em>London</em>, and furnished with many fair -shops, their materials are Brick, Stone, Lime, handsomely -contrived, with three meeting Houses or Churches, and a -Town-house built upon pillars where the Merchants may -confer, in the Chambers above they keep their monethly -Courts. Their streets are many and large, paved with -pebble stone, and the South-side adorned with Gardens -and Orchards. The Town is rich and very populous, -much frequented by strangers, here is the dwelling of -their Governour. On the North-west and North-east two -constant Fairs are kept for daily Traffick thereunto. On -the South there is a small, but pleasant Common where -the Gallants a little before Sun-set walk with their <em>Marmalet</em>-Madams, -as we do in <em>Morefields</em>, &c. till the nine a -clock Bell rings them home to their respective habitations, -when presently the Constables walk their rounds to -see good orders kept, and to take up loose people. Two -miles from the town, [p. 163.] at a place called <em>Muddy-River</em>, -the Inhabitants have Farms, to which belong rich -arable grounds and meadows where they keep their Cattle<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_126"></a>[126]</span> -in the Summer, and bring them to <em>Boston</em> in the Winter; -the Harbour before the Town is filled with Ships -and other Vessels for most part of the year.</p> - -<p><em>Hingham</em> is a Town situated upon the Sea-coasts, -South-east of <em>Charles-River</em>: here is great store of Timber, -deal-boards, masts for Ships, white-Cedar, and fish is -here to be had.</p> - -<p><em>Dedham</em> an inland town ten miles from <em>Boston</em> in the -County of <em>Suffolk</em> well watered with many pleasant -streams, and abounding with Garden fruit; the Inhabitants -are Husband-men, somewhat more than one hundred -Families, having store of Cattle and Corn.</p> - -<p>The Town of <em>Waymouth</em> lyes open to the Sea, on the -East Rocks and Swamps, to the South-ward good store of -<em>Deer</em>, arable land and meadows.</p> - -<p>On the North-side of <em>Boston</em> flows <em>Charles-River</em>, which -is about six fathom deep, many small Islands lye to the -Bayward, and hills on either side the River, a very good -harbour, here may forty Ships ride, the passage from <em>Boston</em> -to <em>Charles-Town</em> is by a Ferry worth forty or fifty -pounds a [p. 164.] year, and is a quarter of a mile over. -The River <em>Mistick</em> runs through the right side of the -Town, and by its near approach to <em>Charles-River</em> in one -place makes a very narrow neck, where stands most part -of the Town, the market-place not far from the waterside -is surrounded with houses, forth of which issue two streets -orderly built and beautified with Orchards and Gardens, -their meeting-house stands on the North-side of the market, -having a little hill behind it; there belongs to this -Town one thousand and two hundred Acres of arable, -four hundred head of Cattle, and as many Sheep, these -also provide themselves Farms in the Country.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_127"></a>[127]</span></p> - -<p>Up higher in <em>Charles-River</em> west-ward is a broad Bay -two miles over, into which runs <em>Stony-River</em> and <em>Muddy-River</em>.</p> - -<p>Towards the South-west in the middle of the <em>Bay</em> is a -great Oyster-bank, towards the North-west is a Creek; -upon the shore is situated the village of <em>Medford</em>, it is a -mile and half from <em>Charles-town</em>.</p> - -<p>At the bottom of the <em>Bay</em> the River begins to be narrower, -half a quarter of a mile broad; by the North-side -of the River is <em>New-town</em>, three miles from <em>Charles-town</em>, -a league and half by water, it was first [p. 165.] intended -for a City, the neatest and best compacted Town, having -many fair structures and handsom contrived streets; the -Inhabitants rich, they have many hundred Acres of land -paled with one common fence a mile and half long, and -store of Cattle; it is now called <em>Cambridge</em> where is a -Colledg for Students of late; it stretcheth from <em>Charles-River</em> -to the Southern part of <em>Merrimach-River</em>.</p> - -<p>Half a mile thence on the same side of the River is -<em>Water-town</em> built upon one of the branches of <em>Charles-River</em>, -very fruitful and of large extent, watered with -many pleasant springs and small Rivulets, the Inhabitants -live scatteringly. Within half a mile is a great pond divided -between the two Towns, a mile and half from the -Town is a fall of fresh waters which conveigh themselves -into the Ocean through <em>Charles-River</em>, a little below the -fall of waters they have a wair to catch fish, wherein they -take store of <em>Basse</em>, <em>Shades</em>, <em>Alwives</em>, <em>Frost-fish</em>, and <em>Smelts</em>, -in two tides they have gotten one hundred thousand of -these fishes. They have store of Cattle and Sheep, and -near upon two thousand Acres of arable land, Ships of -small burden may come up to these Towns.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_128"></a>[128]</span></p> - -<p>[p. 166.] We will now return to <em>Charles-town</em> again, -where the River <em>Mistick</em> runs on the North-side of the -Town (that is the right side as beforesaid) where on the -Northwest-side of the River is the Town of <em>Mistick</em>, three -miles from <em>Charles-town</em>, a league and half by water, a -scattered village; at the head of this River are great and -spacious ponds, full of <em>Alewives</em> in the spring-time, the -notedst place for this sort of fish. On the West of this -River is Merchant <em>Craddock’s</em> plantation, where he impaled -a park.</p> - -<p>Upon the same River and on the North-side is the -Town of <em>Malden</em>.</p> - -<p>The next Town is <em>Winnisimet</em> a mile from <em>Charles-town</em>, -the River only parting them, this is the last Town -in the still bay of <em>Massachusets</em>.</p> - -<p>Without <em>Pullin-point</em>, six miles North-east from <em>Winnisimet</em> -is <em>Cawgust</em>, or <em>Sagust</em>, or <em>Sangut</em> now called <em>Linn</em>, situated -at the bottom of a <em>Bay</em> near a River, which upon the -breaking up of winter with a furious Torrent vents it self -into the Sea, the Town consists of more than one hundred -dwelling-houses, their Church being built on a level undefended -from the North-west wind is made with steps descending -[p. 167] into the Earth, their streets are straight -and but thin of houses, the people most husbandmen. At -the end of the <em>Sandy beach</em> is a neck of land called <em>Nahant</em>, -it is six miles in circumference. Black <em>William</em> an -<em>Indian</em> Duke out of his generosity gave this to the <em>English</em>. -At the mouth of the River runs a great Creek into -a great marsh called <em>Rumney</em>-marsh, which is four miles -long, and a mile broad, this Town hath the benefit of -minerals of divers kinds, Iron, Lead, one Iron mill, store -of Cattle, Arable land and meadow.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_129"></a>[129]</span></p> - -<p>To the North-ward of <em>Linn</em> is <em>Marvil</em> or <em>Marble-head</em>, a -small Harbour, the shore rockie, upon which the Town is -built, consisting of a few scattered houses; here they have -stages for fishermen, Orchards and Gardens, half a mile -within land good pastures and Arable land.</p> - -<p>Four miles North of <em>Marble-head</em> is situated <em>New-Salem</em> -(whose longitude is 315 degrees, and latitude 42 degrees -35 minutes) upon a plain, having a River on the South, -and another on the North, it hath two Harbours, Winter -Harbour and Summer Harbour which lyeth within <em>Darbie’s</em> -fort, they have store of Meadow and Arable, in this -Town are some very rich Merchants.</p> - -<p>[p. 168.] Upon the Northern Cape of the <em>Massachusets</em>, -that is <em>Cape-Ann</em>, a place of fishing is situated, the Town -of <em>Glocester</em> where the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony first set down, -but <em>Salem</em> was the first Town built in that Colony, here is -a Harbour for Ships.</p> - -<p>To the North-ward of <em>Cape-Ann</em> is <em>Wonasquam</em>, a dangerous -place to sail by in stormie weather, by reason of the -many Rocks and foaming breakers.</p> - -<p>The next Town that presents it self to view is <em>Ipswich</em> -situated by a fair River, whose first rise is from a Lake or -Pond twenty mile up, betaking its course through a hideous -<em>Swamp</em> for many miles, a Harbour for <em>Bears</em>, it issueth -forth into a large <em>Bay</em>, (where they fish for <em>Whales</em>) -due East over against the Islands of <em>Sholes</em> a great place -of fishing, the mouth of that River is barr’d; it is a good -haven-town, their meeting-house or Church is beautifully -built, store of Orchards and Gardens, land for husbandry -and Cattle.</p> - -<p><em>Wenham</em> is an inland Town very well watered, lying<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_130"></a>[130]</span> -between <em>Salem</em> and <em>Ipswich</em>, consisteth most of men of -judgment and experience <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">in re rustica</i>, well stored with -Cattle. At the first rise of <em>Ipswich</em>-River in the highest -part of the land near the head [p. 169.] springs of many -considerable Rivers; <em>Shashin</em> one of the most considerable -branches of <em>Merrimach</em>-River, and also at the rise of -<em>Mistick</em>-River, and ponds full of pleasant springs, is situated -<em>Wooburn</em> an inland-Town four miles square beginning -at the end of <em>Charles-town</em> bounds.</p> - -<p>Six miles from <em>Ipswich</em> North-east is <em>Rowley</em>, most of -the Inhabitants have been Clothiers.</p> - -<p>Nine miles from <em>Salem</em> to the North is <em>Agowamine</em>, the -best and spaciousest place for a plantation, being twenty -leagues to the Northward of <em>New-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>Beyond <em>Agowamin</em> is situated <em>Hampton</em> near the Sea-coasts -not far from <em>Merrimach</em>-River, this Town is like a -<em>Flower-deluce</em>, having two streets of houses wheeling off -from the main body thereof, they have great store of salt -Marshes and Cattle, the land is fertil, but full of Swamps -and Rocks.</p> - -<p>Eight miles beyond <em>Agowamin</em> runneth the delightful -River <em>Merrimach</em> or <em>Monumach</em>, it is navigable for twenty -miles, and well stored with fish, upon the banks grow -stately Oaks, excellent Ship timber, not inferiour to our -<em>English</em>.</p> - -<p>On the South-side of <em>Merrimach</em>-River [p. 170.] twelve -miles from <em>Ipswich</em>, and near upon the wide venting -streams thereof is situated <em>Newberrie</em>, the houses are scattering, -well stored with meadow, upland, and Arable, and -about four hundred head of Cattle.</p> - -<p>Over against <em>Newberrie</em> lyes the Town of <em>Salisbury</em>,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_131"></a>[131]</span> -where a constant Ferry is kept, the River being here half -a mile broad, the Town scatteringly built.</p> - -<p>Hard upon the River of <em>Shashin</em> where <em>Merrimach</em> -receives this and the other branch into its body, is seated -<em>Andover</em>, stored with land and Cattle.</p> - -<p>Beyond this Town by the branch of <em>Merrimach</em>-River -called <em>Shashin</em>, lyeth <em>Haverhill</em>, a Town of large extent -about ten miles in length, the inhabitants Husbandmen, -this Town is not far from <em>Salisbury</em>.</p> - -<p>Over against <em>Haverhill</em> lyeth the Town of <em>Malden</em>, -which I have already mentioned.</p> - -<p>In a low level upon a fresh River a branch of <em>Merrimach</em> -is seated <em>Concord</em>, the first inland Town in <em>Massachusets</em> -patent, well stored with fish, <em>Salmon</em>, <em>Dace</em>, <em>Alewive</em>, -<em>Shade</em>, &c. abundance of fresh marsh and Cattle, -this place is subject to bitter storms.</p> - -<p>[p. 171.] The next town is <em>Sudbury</em> built upon the -same River where <em>Concord</em> is, but further up; to this -Town likewise belongs great store of fresh marshes, and -Arable land, and they have many Cattle, it lyeth low, by -reason whereof it is much indammaged with flouds.</p> - -<p>In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond side, -and not far from <em>Woeburn</em>, is situated <em>Reading</em>, it hath -two mills, a saw-mill and a Corn-mill, and is well stockt -with Cattle.</p> - -<p>The Colony is divided into four Counties, the first is -<em>Suffolk</em>, to which belongs <em>Dorchester</em>, <em>Roxbury</em>, <em>Waymouth</em>, -<em>Hingham</em>, <em>Dedham</em>, <em>Braintre</em>, <em>Sittuate</em>, <em>Hull</em>, <em>Nantascot</em>, -<em>Wisagusset</em>. The second County is <em>Middlesex</em>, to this belongs -<em>Charles-town</em>, <em>Water-town</em>, <em>Cambridge</em>, <em>Concord</em>, <em>Sudbury</em>, -<em>Woeburn</em>, <em>Reading</em>, <em>Malden</em>, <em>Mistick</em>, <em>Medford</em>, <em>Winnisimet</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_132"></a>[132]</span> -and <em>Marble-head</em>. To the third County which is -<em>Essex</em>, belongs <em>New-Salem</em>, <em>Linn</em>, <em>Ipswich</em>, <em>New-Berry</em>, -<em>Rowley</em>, <em>Glocester</em>, <em>Wenham</em> and <em>Andover</em>. The fourth -County is <em>Northfolk</em>, to this belongs <em>Salisbury</em>, <em>Hampton</em> -and <em>Haverhill</em>.</p> - -<p>In the year of our Lord 1628, Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> with -a number of <em>English</em> people set down by <em>Cape-Ann</em> at that -place called [p. 172.] afterwards <em>Gloster</em>, but their abiding-place -was at <em>Salem</em>, where they built a Town in 1639. and -there they gathered their first Church, consisting but of -Seventy persons; but afterwards increased to forty three -Churches in joynt Communion with one another, and in -those Churches were about Seven thousand, seven hundred -and fifty Souls, Mr. <em>Endicot</em> was chosen their first -Governour.</p> - -<p>The Twelfth of <em>July</em> <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1630. <em>John Wenthorp</em> -Esq; and the assistants, arrived with the Patent for the -<em>Massachusets</em>, the passage of the people that came along -with him in ten Vessels came to 95000 pound: the Swine, -Goats, Sheep, Neat, Horses cost to transport 12000 pound, -besides the price they cost them; getting food for the -people till they could clear the ground of wood amounted -to 45000 pound: Nails, Glass, and other Iron work for -their meeting and dwelling houses 13000 pound; Arms, -Powder, Bullet, and Match, together with their Artillery -22000 pound, the whole sum amounts unto One hundred -ninety two thousand pounds. They set down first upon -<em>Noddles-Island</em>, afterwards they began to build upon the -main. In 1637. there were not many houses in the Town -of [p. 173.] <em>Boston</em>, amongst which were two houses of -entertainment called Ordinaries, into which if a stranger<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_133"></a>[133]</span> -went, he was presently followed by one appointed to that -Office, who would thrust himself into his company uninvited, -and if he called for more drink than the Officer -thought in his judgment he could soberly bear away, he -would presently countermand it, and appoint the proportion, -beyond which he could not get one drop.</p> - -<p>The Patent was granted to Sir <em>Henry Rosewell</em>, Sir -<em>John Young</em> Knight, <em>Thomas Southcoat</em>, <em>John Humphrey</em>, -<em>John Endicot</em>, and <em>Simon Whitecomb</em>, and to their Heirs, -Assigns, and Associats for ever. These took to them other -Associats, as Sir <em>Richard Saltonstall</em>, <em>Isaac Johnson</em>, <em>Samuel -Aldersey</em>, <em>Jo. Ven</em>, <em>Matth. Craddock</em>, <em>George Harwood</em>, -<em>Increase Nowell</em>, <em>Rich. Perry</em>, <em>Rich. Bellingham</em>, <em>Nathaniel -Wright</em>, <em>Samuel Vasell</em>, <em>Theophilus Eaton</em>, <em>Thomas -Goffe</em>, <em>Thomas Adams</em>, <em>Jo. Brown</em>, <em>Samuel Brown</em>, -<em>Thomas Hutchins</em>, <em>Will. Vasell</em>, <em>Will. Pinchon</em> and <em>George -Foxcroft</em>. <em>Matth. Craddock</em> was ordained and constituted -Governour by Patent, and <em>Thomas Goffe</em> Deputy Governour -of the said Company, the rest Assistants.</p> - -<p>That part of <em>New-England</em> granted to [p. 174.] these -fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between -a great River called <em>Monumach</em>, alias <em>Merrimach</em>, and the -often frequented <em>Charles-River</em>, being in the bottom of a -<em>Bay</em> called <em>Massachusets</em>, alias <em>Mattachusets</em>, alias <em>Massatusets-bay</em>; -and also those lands within the space of -three <em>English</em> miles, on the South part of the said -<em>Charles-River</em>, or any or every part, and all the lands -within three miles to the South-ward part of the <em>Massachusets-bay</em>, -and all those lands which lye within the space -of three <em>English</em> miles to the North-ward of the River -<em>Merrimach</em>, or to the North-ward of any and every part<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_134"></a>[134]</span> -thereof, and all lands whatsoever within the limits aforesaid, -North and South, in latitude, and in breadth and -length and longitude of and within all the main land -there, from the <em>Atlantick</em> and Western-Sea and Ocean on -the East-part, to the South-Sea on the West-part, and all -lands and grounds, place and places, soils, woods and -wood-groves, Havens, Ports, Rivers, Waters, fishings and -Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the aforesaid lands -and limits, and every part and parcel thereof, and also all -Islands lying in <em>America</em> aforesaid in the said Seas, or -either of them on the Western or Eastern [p. 175.] Coasts -or parts of the said tracts of lands. Also all mines and -minerals as well Royal of Gold, Silver, as others <em>&c.</em> -With power to rule and govern both Sea and land, -holden of the East manner of <em>Greenwich</em> in <em>Com. Kent</em>, -in free and common soccage, yielding and paying to the -King the fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which -shall be found at any time.</p> - - -<p class="p1">This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fact -by the name of the Governour and Company of the <em>Mattachusets-bay</em> -in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - - -<p class="p1">That there shall be one Governour, and Deputy-Governour, -and Eighteen Assistants of the same Company -from time to time.</p> - - -<p class="p1">That the Governour and Deputy-Governour, Assistants -and all other Officers to be chosen from amongst the free-men, -the last <em>Wednesday</em> in <em>Easter</em>-term yearly in the general -Court.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_135"></a>[135]</span></p> - - -<p class="p1">The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true -and faithful to the Government, and to give the same -Oath to the other Officers.</p> - - -<p class="p1">[p. 176.] To hold a Court once a month, and any seven -to be a sufficient Court.</p> - - -<p class="p1">And that there shall be four general Courts kept in -Term time, and one great general and solemn Assembly -to make Laws and Ordinances; So they be not contrary -and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm of -<em>England</em>. Their form of Government and what their -Laws concern, you may see in the ensuing Table.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_136"></a>[136]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="laws" style="max-width: 15.625em;"> - <a href="images/laws-144.jpg"> - <span class="screenonly fs60 center">click here for image of this Table.</span></a> -</div> - -<p class="noindent fs80">[p. 177.]</p> - -<table class="autotable fs70" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ Governour</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 1 Magistrates.</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 1 Counsellers.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ Assistants.</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 1 of the whole</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ 1 their</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ Countrey.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ person</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 Judges</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 2 of each town.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl pad6" colspan="2">{ 1 of the</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 1 for their protection.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Their</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 People.</td> -<td class="tdl pad6" colspan="2">{ whole Countrey,</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 2 for their provision.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Laws</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl pad6" colspan="2">{</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Con-</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl pad6" colspan="2">{ 2 of each</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 1 their lands.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">cern</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl pad6" colspan="2">{ Town, concerning.</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 2 their Treasure.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ 1 The</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 1 Civil</td> -<td class="tdl">{ publick</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 1 in their personal</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{& they</td> -<td class="tdl">{ State, or</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ inheritances, and</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ concern</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 Particular</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ proprieties</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ persons.</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 1 Of</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> <!-- this dummy column solves a minor epub issue --> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 in</td> -<td class="tdl">{ buying</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ Whether</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 1 either</td> -<td class="tdl">{ their</td> -<td class="tdl">{ and</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ between</td> -<td class="tdl">{ of Tres-</td> -<td class="tdl">{ mutual</td> -<td class="tdl">{ selling</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ the members</td> -<td class="tdl">{ passes</td> -<td class="tdl">{ com-</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 of</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ of</td> -<td class="tdl">{ or</td> -<td class="tdl">{ merce</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 Lending</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ causes</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ their own</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 of</td> -<td class="tdl">{ whether</td> -<td class="tdl">{ and</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ Commonwealth</td> -<td class="tdl">{ Capital</td> -<td class="tdl">{ in</td> -<td class="tdl">{ borrow-</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 Cri-</td> -<td class="tdl">{ & they are.</td> -<td class="tdl">{ Crimes.</td> -<td class="tdl">{ way</td> -<td class="tdl">{ ing</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -<td class="tdl">{ minal.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ 2 Between</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ Burgesses</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ and the</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 1 That we do them wrong.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ people,</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ and forraign</td> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">{ 2 That they do us wrong.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ Nations,</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ whether</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">{ in case</td> -<td class="tdl">{</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="p1">[p. 178.] <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1646. they drew up a body of -their Laws for the well ordering of their Commonwealth, -as they not long since termed it.</p> - -<p>The military part of their Commonwealth is governed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_137"></a>[137]</span> -by one Major-General, and three Serjeant Majors; to the -Major-General belongeth particularly the Town of <em>Boston</em>, -to the three Serjeant Majors belong the four Counties, -but with submission to the Major-General. The first -Serjeant Major chosen for the County of <em>Suffolk</em> was Major -<em>Gibbons</em>. For the County of <em>Middlesex</em> Major <em>Sedgwick</em>. -For the County of <em>Essex</em> and <em>Northfolk</em> Major -<em>Denison</em>.</p> - -<p>Every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn -general Court.</p> - -<p>For being drunk, they either whip or impose a fine of -Five shillings; so for swearing and cursing, or boring -through the tongue with a hot Iron.</p> - -<p>For kissing a woman in the street, though in way of -civil salute, whipping or a fine.</p> - -<p>For Single fornication whipping or a fine.</p> - -<p>For Adultery, put to death, and so for witchcraft.</p> - -<p>An <em>English</em> woman suffering an <em>Indian</em> to have carnal -knowledge of her, had an <em>Indian</em> cut out exactly in red -cloth sewed [p. 179.] upon her right Arm, and injoyned -to wear it twelve moneths.</p> - -<p>Scolds they gag and set them at their doors for certain -hours, for all comers and goers by to gaze at.</p> - -<p>Stealing is punished with restoring four fould, if able; -if not, they are sold for some years, and so are poor -debtors.</p> - -<p>If you desire a further inspection to their Laws, I must -refer you to them being in print, too many for to be inserted -into this Relation.</p> - -<p>The Governments of their Churches are Independent -and Presbyterial, every Church (for so they call their particular<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_138"></a>[138]</span> -Congregations) have one Pastor, one Teacher, Ruling -Elders and Deacons.</p> - -<p>They that are members of their Churches have the -Sacraments administred to them, the rest that are out of -the pale as they phrase it, are denyed it. Many hundred -Souls there be amongst them grown up to men & womens -estate that were never Christened.</p> - -<p>They judge every man and woman to pay Five shillings -<em>per</em> day, who comes not to their Assemblies, and impose -fines of forty shillings and fifty shillings on such as -meet together to worship God.</p> - -<p>[p. 180.] Quakers they whip, banish, and hang if they -return again.</p> - -<p>Anabaptists they imprison, fine and weary out.</p> - -<p>The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the -hands of the thorow-pac’d Independents and rigid Presbyterians.</p> - -<p>The grose <em>Goddons</em>, or great masters, as also some of -their Merchants are damnable rich; generally all of their -judgement, inexplicably covetous and proud, they receive -your gifts but as an homage or tribute due to their transcendency, -which is a fault their Clergie are also guilty of, -whose living is upon the bounty of their hearers. On -Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended the -people in the Galleries come down and march two a breast -up one Ile and down the other, until they come before -the desk, for Pulpit they have none: before the desk is a -long pue where the Elders and Deacons sit, one of them -with a mony box in his hand, into which the people as -they pass put their offering, some a shilling, some two shillings, -half a Crown, five shillings according to their ability<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_139"></a>[139]</span> -and good will, after this they conclude with a Psalm; -but this by the way.</p> - -<p>The chiefest objects of discipline, Religion, [p. 181.] -and morality they want, some are of a <em>Linsie-woolsie</em> -disposition, of several professions in Religion, all like -<em>Æthiopians</em> white in the Teeth only, full of ludification -and injurious dealing, and cruelty the extreamest of all -vices. The chiefest cause of <em>Noah’s</em> floud, Prov. 27. 26. -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Agni erant ad vestitum tuum</i>, is a frequent Text among -them, no trading for a stranger with them, but with a <em>Græcian</em> -faith, which is not to part with your ware without -ready money, for they are generally in their payments recusant -and slow, great Syndies, or censors, or controllers -of other mens manners, and savagely factious amongst -themselves.</p> - -<p>There are many strange women too, (in <em>Salomon’s</em> -sence) more the pitty, when a woman hath lost her Chastity, -she hath no more to lose.</p> - -<p>But mistake me not to general speeches, none but the -guilty take exceptions, there are many sincere and religious -people amongst them, descryed by their charity and -humility (the true Characters of Christianity) by their -Zenodochie or hospitality, by their hearty submission to -their Soveraign the King of <em>England</em>, by their diligent -and honest labour in their callings, amongst these we may -account the Royalists, who are lookt upon with an evil -eye, and [p. 182.] tongue, boulted or punished if they -chance to lash out; the tame <em>Indian</em> (for so they call -those that are born in the Countrey) are pretty honest too, -and may in good time be known for honest Kings men.</p> - -<p>They have store of Children, and are well accommodated<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_140"></a>[140]</span> -with Servants; many hands make light work, many -hands make a full fraught, but many mouths eat up all, -as some old planters have experimented; of these some -are <em>English</em>, others <em>Negroes</em>: of the <em>English</em> there are can -eat till they sweat, and work till they freeze; & and of the -females that are like Mrs. <em>Winters</em> paddocks, very tender -fingerd in cold weather.</p> - -<p>There are none that beg in the Countrey, but there be -Witches too many, bottle-bellied Witches amongst the -Quakers, and others that produce many strange apparitions -if you will believe report, of a <em>Shallop</em> at Sea man’d -with women; of a Ship, and a great red Horse standing -by the main-mast, the Ship being in a small <em>Cove</em> to the -East-ward vanished of a suddain. Of a Witch that appeared -aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mariner -who took up the Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her -head with it, the Witch dying of the wound at home, with -such like bugbears and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Terriculamentaes</i>.</p> - -<p>[p. 183.] It is published in print, that there are not much -less than Ten hundred thousand souls <em>English</em>, <em>Scotch</em> and -<em>Irish</em> in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>Most of their first Magistrates are dead, not above two -left in the <em>Massachusets</em>, but one at <em>Plimouth</em>, one at <em>Connecticut</em>, -and one at <em>New-haven</em>, they having done their -generation work are laid asleep in their beds of rest till -the day of doom, there and then to receive their reward -according as they have done be it good or evil. Things -of great indurance we see come to ruine, and alter, as -great Flouds and Seas dryed up; mighty hills and mountains -sunk into hollow bottoms: marvel not then that man -is mortal, since his nature is unconstant and transitory.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_141"></a>[141]</span></p> - -<p>The Diseases that the <em>English</em> are afflicted with, are the -same that they have in <em>England</em>, with some proper to -<em>New-England</em>, griping of the belly (accompanied with -Feaver and Ague) which turns to the bloudy-flux, a common -disease in the Countrey, which together with the -small pox hath carried away abundance of their children, -for this the common medicines amongst the poorer sort -are Pills of Cotton swallowed, or Sugar and Sallet-oyl -boiled thick and made into Pills, Alloes pulverized [p. -184.] and taken in the pap of an Apple. I helped many -of them with a sweating medicine only.</p> - -<p>Also they are troubled with a disease in the mouth or -throat which hath proved mortal to some in a very short -time, Quinsies, and Impostumations of the Almonds, -with great distempers of cold. Some of our <em>New-England</em> -writers affirm that the <em>English</em> are never or very -rarely heard to sneeze or cough, as ordinarily they do -in <em>England</em>, which is not true. For a cough or stitch -upon cold, Wormwood, Sage, Marygolds, and Crabs-claws -boiled in posset-drink and drunk off very warm, is a soveraign -medicine.</p> - -<p>Pleurisies and Empyemas are frequent there, both cured -after one and the same way; but the last is a desperate -disease and kills many. For the Pleurisie I have given -<em>Coriander</em>-seed prepared, <em>Carduus</em> seed, and <em>Harts-horn</em> -pulverized with good success, the dose one dram in a cup -of Wine.</p> - -<p>The Stone terribly afflicts many, and the Gout, and -Sciatica, for which take Onions roasted, peeled and stampt, -then boil them with neats-feet oyl and Rhum to a plaister, -and apply it to the hip.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_142"></a>[142]</span></p> - -<p>Head-aches are frequent, Palsies, Dropsies, Worms, -Noli-me-tangeres, Cancers, [p. 185.] pestilent Feavers. -Scurvies, the body corrupted with Sea-diet, Beef and Pork -tainted, Butter and Cheese corrupted, fish rotten, a long -voyage, coming into the searching sharpness of a purer -climate, causeth death and sickness amongst them.</p> - -<p>Men and Women keep their complexions, but lose -their Teeth: the Women are pittifully Tooth-shaken; -whether through the coldness of the climate, or by sweet-meats -of which they have store, I am not able to affirm, -for the Toothach I have found the following medicine -very available, Brimstone and Gunpowder compounded -with butter, rub the mandible with it, the outside being -first warm’d.</p> - -<p>For falling off of the hair occasioned by the coldness of -the climate, and to make it curl, take of the strong water -called Rhum and wash or bath your head therewith, it is -an admirable remedie.</p> - -<p>For kibed heels, to heal them take the yellowest part -of Rozen, pulverize it and work it in the palm of your -hand with the tallow of a Candle to a salve, and lay of it -to the sore.</p> - -<p>For frozen limbs, a plaister framed with Soap, Bay-salt, -and Molosses is sure, or Cow-dung boiled in milk and -applyed.</p> - -<p>For Warts and Corns, bathe them with Sea-water.</p> - -<p>[p. 186.] There was in the Countrey not long since living -two men that voided worms seven times their length. -Likewise a young maid that was troubled with a sore -pricking at her heart, still as she lean’d her body, or stept -down with her foot to the one side or the other; this maid<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_143"></a>[143]</span> -during her distemper voided worms of the length of a -finger all hairy with black heads; it so fell out that the -maid dyed; her friends desirous to discover the cause of -the distemper of her heart, had her open’d, and found two -crooked bones growing upon the top of the heart, which -as she bowed her body to the right or left side would job -their points into one and the same place, till they had -worn a hole quite through. At <em>Cape-Porpus</em> lived an -honest poor planter of middle-age, and strong of body, but -so extreamly troubled with two lumps (or wens as I conjectured) -within him, on each side one, that he could not -rest for them day nor night, being of great weight, and -swagging to the one side or the other, according to the -motion or posture of his body; at last he dyed in <em>Anno</em> -1668 as I think, or thereabouts. Some Chirurgeons there -were that proffered to open him, but his wife would not -assent to it, and so his disease was hidden in the Grave.</p> - -<p>[p. 187.] It is the opinion of many men, that the blackness -of the <em>Negroes</em> proceeded from the curse upon <em>Cham’s</em> -posterity, others again will have it to be the property of -the climate where they live. I pass by other Philosophical -reasons and skill, only render you my experimental -knowledge: having a <em>Barbarie-moor</em> under cure, whose -finger (prickt with the bone of a fish) was Impostumated, -after I had lanc’d it and let out the Corruption the skin -began to rise with proud flesh under it; this I wore away, -and having made a sound bottom I incarnated it, and then -laid on my skinning plaister, then I perceived that the -<em>Moor</em> had one skin more than <em>Englishmen</em>; the skin that -is basted to the flesh is bloudy and of the same Azure colour -with the veins, but deeper than the colour of our <em>Europeans</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_144"></a>[144]</span> -veins. Over this is an other skin of a tawny colour, -and upon that <em>Epidermis</em> or <em>Cuticula</em>, the flower of -the skin (which is that Snakes cast) and this is tawny also, -the colour of the blew skin mingling with the tawny -makes them appear black. I do not peremptorily affirm -this to be the cause, but submit to better judgment. More -rarities of this nature I could make known unto you, but -I hasten to an end; only a word or two of our <em>English</em> -Creatures and then to Sea again.</p> - -<p>[p. 188.] I have given you an Account of such plants -as prosper there, and of such as do not; but so briefly, -that I conceive it necessary to afford you some what more -of them. <em>Plantain</em> I told you sprang up in the Countrey -after the <em>English</em> came, but it is but one sort, and that -is broad-leaved plantain.</p> - -<p><em>Gilliflowers</em> thrive exceedingly there and are very large, -the Collibuy or humming-Bird is much pleased with -them. Our <em>English</em> dames make Syrup of them without -fire, they steep them in Wine till it be of a deep colour, -and then they put to it spirit of <em>Vitriol</em>, it will keep as -long as the other.</p> - -<p><em>Eglantine</em> or sweet <em>Bryer</em> is best sowen with <em>Juniper-berries</em>, -two or three to one <em>Eglantine-berry</em> put into a hole -made with a stick, the next year separate and remove -them to your banks, in three years time they will make a -hedge as high as a man, which you may keep thick and -handsome with cutting.</p> - -<p>Our <em>English Clover-grass</em> sowen thrives very well.</p> - -<p><em>Radishes</em> I have seen there as big as a man’s Arm.</p> - -<p><em>Flax</em> and <em>Hemp</em> flourish gallantly.</p> - -<p>Our <em>Wheat</em> i. e. summer <em>Wheat</em> many [p. 189.] times<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_145"></a>[145]</span> -changeth into <em>Rye</em>, and is subject to be blasted, some say -with a vapour breaking out of the earth, others, with a -wind North-east or North-west, at such time as it flowereth, -others again say it is with lightning. I have observed, -that when a land of <em>Wheat</em> hath been smitten with a blast -at one Corner, it hath infected the rest in a weeks time, it -begins at the stem (which will be spotted and goes upwards -to the ear making it fruitless): in 1669 the pond -that lyeth between <em>Water-town</em> and <em>Cambridge</em>, cast its -fish dead upon the shore, forc’t by a mineral vapour as -was conjectured.</p> - -<p>Our fruit-Trees prosper abundantly, <em>Apple-trees</em>, <em>Pear-trees</em>, -<em>Quince-trees</em>, <em>Cherry-trees</em>, <em>Plum-trees</em>, <em>Barberry-trees</em>. -I have observed with admiration, that the Kernels sown -or the Succors planted produce as fair & good fruit, without -graffing, as the Tree from whence they were taken: -the Countrey is replenished with fair and large Orchards. -It was affirmed by one Mr. <em>Woolcut</em> (a magistrate in <em>Connecticut</em> -Colony) at the Captains Messe (of which I was) -aboard the Ship I came home in, that he made Five hundred -Hogsheads of <em>Syder</em> out of his own Orchard in one -year. <em>Syder</em> is very plentiful in the Countrey, ordinarily -sold for Ten shillings a Hogshead. At the [p. 190.] Tap-houses -in <em>Boston</em> I have had an Ale-quart spic’d and -sweetned with Sugar for a groat, but I shall insert a more -delicate mixture of it. Take of <em>Maligo-Raisons</em>, stamp -them and put milk to them, and put them in an <em>Hippocras</em> -bag and let it drain out of it self, put a quantity of -this with a spoonful or two of Syrup of <em>Clove-Gilliflowers</em> -into every bottle, when you bottle your <em>Syder</em>, and your -Planter will have a liquor that exceeds <em>passada</em>, the Nectar -of the Countrey.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_146"></a>[146]</span></p> - -<p>The <em>Quinces</em>, <em>Cherries</em>, <em>Damsons</em>, set the Dames a work, -<em>Marmalad</em> and preserved Damsons is to be met with in -every house. It was not long before I left the Countrey -that I made <em>Cherry wine</em>, and so may others, for there are -good store of them both red and black.</p> - -<p>Their fruit-trees are subject to two diseases, the <em>Meazels</em>, -which is when they are burned and scorched with the -Sun, and lowsiness, when the wood-peckers job holes in -their bark: the way to cure them when they are lowsie is -to bore a hole into the main root with an Augur, and -pour in a quantity of Brandie or Rhum, and then stop it -up with a pin made of the same Tree.</p> - -<p>The first Neat carried thither was to [p. 191.] <em>New-Plimouth</em> -<em>Anno</em> 1624 these thrive and increase exceedingly, -but grow less in body than those they are bred of -yearly.</p> - -<p>Horses there are numerous, and here and there a good -one, they let them run all the year abroad, and in the -winter seldom provide any fother for them, (except it be -Magistrates, great Masters and Troopers Horses) which -brings them very low in flesh till the spring, and so crest -fallen, that their crests never rise again. Here I first met -with that excrescence called <em>Hippomanes</em>, which by some -is said to grow on the forehead of a foal new cast, and -that the Mare bites it off as soon as foaled; but this is but -a fable. A neighbour at <em>Black-point</em> having a Mare with -foal, tyed her up in his Barn, the next day she foaled, and -the man standing by spied a thing like a foals tongue to -drop out of the foals mouth, which he took up and presented -me with it, telling me withall, that he had heard -many wonderful things reported of it, and that it was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_147"></a>[147]</span> -rank poyson. I accepted of it gladly and brought it home -with me, when it was dry, it lookt like Glew, but of a dark -brown colour; to omit all other uses for it, this I can assure -you that a piece of it soakt in warm water or cold, -will take spots out of wollen Clothes being rub’d thereon.</p> - -<p>[p. 192.] <em>Goats</em> were the first small Cattle they had in -the Countrey, he was counted no body that had not a -Trip or Flock of <em>Goats</em>: a hee-<em>Goat</em> gelt at <em>Michaelmas</em> -and turn’d out to feed will be fat in a moneths time, & is -as good meat as a weather. I was taught by a <em>Barbary -Negro</em> a medicine which before I proceed any further I -will impart unto you, and that was for a swelling under -the throat. Take <em>Goats</em> hair and clay and boil them in -fair water to a poultis, and apply it very warm.</p> - -<p><em>Sheep</em> now they have good store, these and <em>Goats</em> bring -forth two, sometimes three <em>Lambs</em> and <em>Kids</em> at a time.</p> - -<p><em>Hoggs</em> are here innumerable, every planter hath a -Heard, when they feed upon shell-fish and the like, as -they do that are kept near the Sea and by the fishers -stages, they tast fishie and rank; but fed with white Oak-Acorns, -or <em>Indian</em>-Corn and Pease there is not better -Pork in the whole world: besides they sometimes have -the <em>Meazels</em>, which is known when their hinder legs are -shorter than ordinary.</p> - -<p><em>Catts</em> and <em>Dogs</em> are as common as in <em>England</em>, but our -<em>Dogs</em> in time degenerate; yet they have gallant <em>Dogs</em> both -for fowl & wild Beasts all over the Countrey: the <em>Indians</em> -store themselves with them, being much [p. 193.] better -for their turns, than their breed of wild dogs, which are -(as I conceive) like to the <em>Tasso</em>-canes or mountain dogs -in <em>Italy</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_148"></a>[148]</span></p> - -<p>Of <em>English</em> Poultry too there is good store, they have -commonly three broods in a year; the hens by that time -they are three years old have spurs like the Cock, but not -altogether so big, but as long, they use to crow often, -which is so rare a thing in other Countries, that they have -a proverb <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gallina recinit</i> a Hen crowes. And in <em>England</em> -it is accounted ominous; therefore our Farmers wives -as soon as they hear a Hen crow wring off her neck, -and so they serve their spur’d Hens, because they should -not break their Eggs with their spurs when they sit. In -the year 1637. which was when I went my first Voyage to -<em>New-England</em> a good woman brought aboard with her a -lusty Cock and Hen that had horns like spurs growing out -on each side of their Combs, but she spoiled the breed, killing -of them at Sea, to feed upon, for she loved a fresh bit.</p> - -<p>In <em>Anno</em> 1647/8. Certain <em>Indians</em> coming to our house -clad in <em>Deere-skin</em> coats, desired leave to lodge all night -in our kitchin, it being a very rainie season, some of them -lay down in the middle of the Room, and others under -the Table, in the morning they [p. 194.] went away before -any of the people were up; the poultry had their breakfast -usually in cold weather in the kitchin, and because -they should not hinder the passing of the people too and -again, it was thrown under the Table; in the afternoon -they began to hang the wing, in the night the sickest -dropt dead from the perch, and the next day most of them -dyed; we could not of a sudden ghess at the cause, but -thought the <em>Indians</em> had either bewitched, or poysoned -them: it came at last into my head, seeing their Crops -very full, or rather much swell’d, to open them, where I -found as much <em>Deers</em> hair as Corn, they that pickt up -none of the hair lived and did well.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_149"></a>[149]</span></p> - -<p>In the year 1667. <em>October</em> the 7th amongst our poultry -we had one white game Cock of the <em>French</em> kind, a bird -of high price, when he was three years old he drooped -and his spirit was quite gone; one of our <em>Negro</em> maids -finding him in the yard dead brought him into the house -and acquainted me with it. I caused her to draw him, -when his guts were all drawn out she put in her hand -again and felt a lump in his body as big as a half-peny -loaf, strongly fastned to his back, and much ado she had -to pull it out; I found it to be a tuff bag, containing stuff -like liver, and very heavie, at one end [p. 195.] of the bag, -another little bag filled with a fatty matter, his gizard, -liver, and heart wasted. The Pipe or Roupe is a common -disease amongst their poultry infecting one another with -it. I conceive it cometh of a cold moisture of the brain, -they will be very sleepie with it, the best cure for it is <em>Garlick</em>, -and smoaking of them with dryed <em>Hysope</em>.</p> - -<p>In <em>September</em> following my Arrivage in the <em>Massachusets</em> -about the twelfth hour of the eight day, I shipt my -self and goods in a Bark bound to the East-ward, meeting -as we sailed out the <em>Dutch</em> Governour of <em>New-Netherlands</em>, -who was received and entertained at <em>Boston</em> by the -Governour and Magistrates with great solemnity. About -nine of the clock at night we came to <em>Salem</em> and lay -aboard all night.</p> - -<p>The Ninth day we went ashore to view the Town which -is a mile long, and lay that night at a Merchants house.</p> - -<p>The Tenth day we came from <em>Salem</em> about twelve of -the clock back to <em>Marble-head</em>: here we went ashore and -recreated our selves with Musick and a cup of Sack and -saw the Town, about ten at night we returned to our -Bark and lay aboard.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_150"></a>[150]</span></p> - -<p>The Eleventh being Saturday, and the wind contrary, -we came to <em>Charles-town</em>, [p. 196.] again about twelve -of the clock we took store of <em>Mackarel</em>.</p> - -<p>The Thirteenth being Monday, we went aboard again -about nine of the clock in the morning and out to Sea, -about Sun going down we took store of <em>Mackarel</em>. The</p> - -<p>wind was scanty all along, and in the night time we durst -not bear much sail, because of the Rocks and foaming -breakers that lay in our way.</p> - -<p>The Fourteenth day we came up with <em>Pascataway</em>, or -<em>Pascatique</em>, where there is a large River and a fair harbour, -within here is seated a Colony, properly belonging -to the Heirs of Captain <em>Mason</em> sometime since of <em>London</em>; -but taken into the Colony of <em>Massachusets</em>, by what -right I will not here discuss.</p> - -<p>The chiefest places of note are the <em>Bay</em> or <em>Harbour</em> -North from <em>Boston</em>, on the West-side of the Harbour are -built many fair houses, and so in another part called -<em>Strawberry-bank</em>.</p> - -<p>By the Harbour is an Island which of late days is filled -with buildings, besides there are two Towns more seated -up higher upon the River, the one called <em>Dover</em>; the -River-banks are clothed with stately Timber, and here are -two miles meadow land and arable enough; the other -town is called <em>Excester</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 197.] At the River <em>Pascataway</em> begins the Province -of <em>Main</em>: having pleased our selves with the sight of <em>Pascataway</em> -at a distance we sailed on, and came to <em>Black-point</em>.</p> - -<p>The Fifteenth day, about eight of the clock at night, -where the next day I was shrewdly pinched with a great<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_151"></a>[151]</span> -frost, but having two or three bottles of excellent <em>Passada</em>, -and good cheer bestowed upon me I made a shift to bear -it out, and now we are in the Province of <em>Main</em>.</p> - -<p>The Province of <em>Main</em>, (or the Countrey of the <em>Traquoes</em>) -heretofore called <em>Laconia</em> or <em>New-Summersetshire</em>, -is a Colony belonging to the Grandson of Sir <em>Ferdinando -Gorges</em> of <em>Ashton Phillips</em> in the County of <em>Sommerset</em>, -the said Sir <em>Ferdinando Gorges</em> did expend in planting -several parts of <em>New-England</em> above Twenty thousand -pounds <em>sterling</em>; and when he was between three and four -score years of age did personally engage in our Royal -Martyrs service; and particularly in the Seige of <em>Bristow</em>, -and was plundered and imprisoned several times, by reason -whereof he was discountenanced by the pretended Commissioners -for forraign plantations, and his Province incroached -upon by the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony, who assumed -the Government thereof. His Majestie that now Reigneth -sent over his [p. 198.] Commissioners to reduce them -within their bounds, and to put Mr. <em>Gorges</em> again into -possession. But there falling out a contest about it, the -Commissioners settled it in the Kings name (until the business -should be determined before his Majestie) and gave -Commissions to the Judge of their Courts, and the Justices -to Govern and Act according to the Laws of <em>England</em>, -& by such Laws of their own as were not repugnant -to them: But as soon as the Commissioners were returned -for <em>England</em>, the <em>Massachusets</em> enter the province in a hostile -manner with a Troop of Horse and Foot and turn’d -the Judge and his Assistants off the Bench, Imprisoned -the Major or Commander of the Militia, threatned the -Judge, and some others that were faithful to Mr. <em>Gorges</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_152"></a>[152]</span> -interests. I could discover many other foul proceedings, -but for some reasons which might be given, I conceive it -not convenient to make report thereof to vulgar ears; <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">& -quæ supra nos nihil ad nos</i>. Onely this I could wish, that -there might be some consideration of the great losses, -charge and labour which hath been sustained by the -Judge, and some others for above thirty years in upholding -the rights of Mr. <em>Gorge</em> and his Sacred Majesties Dominion -against a many stubborn and elusive people.</p> - -<p>[p. 199.] <em>Anno Dom.</em> 1623. Mr. <em>Robert Gorge</em>, Sir -<em>Ferdinando Gorges</em> brother had for his good service -granted him by Patent from the Council of <em>Plimouth</em> all -that part of the Land commonly called <em>Massachusiack</em>, -situated on the North-side of the Bay of <em>Massachusets</em>.</p> - -<p>Not long after this Sir <em>Ferdinando Gorges</em> had granted -to him by Patent from the middest of <em>Merrimack</em>-River to -the great River <em>Sagadehock</em>, then called <em>Laconia</em>.</p> - -<p>In 1635. Capt. <em>William Gorge</em>, Sir <em>Ferdinando’s</em> -Nephew, was sent over Governour of the Province of -<em>Main</em>, then called <em>New-Summersetshire</em>.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Ferdinando Gorge</em> received a Charter-Royal from -King <em>Charles</em> the first the third of <em>April</em> <ins class="corr" id="tn-152" title="Transcriber’s Note—1674 text: 'in the Fifttenth'"> -in the Fifteenth</ins> -of his Raign, granting to him all that part and portion of -<em>New-England</em>, lying and being between the River of <em>Pascataway</em>, -that is, beginning at the entrance of <em>Pascataway-harbour</em>, -and so to pass up the same into the River of -<em>Newichawanoe</em> or <em>Neqhechewanck</em>, and through the same -unto the farthest head thereof aforesaid, North-eastward -along the Sea-coasts, for Sixty miles to <em>Sagadehoc</em>-River -to <em>Kenebeck</em>, even as far as the head thereof, and up into -the main land North-westward for the space of one hundred<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_153"></a>[153]</span> -and twenty [p. 200.] miles. To these Territories are -adjoyned the North half-Isle of <em>Sholes</em>, with several other -Islands, it lyeth between 44 degrees and 45 of Northerly -latitude. The River <em>Canada</em> on the North-east the Sea -coast South, amongst many large Royalties, Jurisdictions -and Immunities was also granted to the said Sir <em>Ferdinando -Gorge</em>, the same Royalties, priviledges and franchises as -are, or of right ought to be enjoyed by the Bishop of -<em>Durham</em> in the County Palatine of <em>Durham</em>; the planters -to pay for every hundred Acres of land yearly, two shillings -six pence, that is such land as is given to them and -their Heirs for ever.</p> - -<p>The Officers by Patent are a Deputy Governour, a -Chancellor, a Treasurer, a Marshal for Souldiers, an Admiraltie -for Sea affairs, and a Judge of the Admiraltie, a -Master of Ordinance, a Secretary, <em>&c.</em></p> - -<p>Towns there are not many in this province. <em>Kittery</em> -situated not far from <em>Pascataway</em> is the most populous.</p> - -<p>Next to that Eastward is seated by a River near the Sea -<em>Gorgiana</em>, a Majoraltie, and the Metropolitan of the province.</p> - -<p>Further to the Eastward is the Town of <em>Wells</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Cape-Porpus</em> Eastward of that, where there is a Town -by the Sea side of the same name, [p. 201.] the houses -scatteringly built, all these Towns have store of salt and -fresh marsh with arable land, and are well stockt with -Cattle.</p> - -<p>About eight or nine mile to the East-ward of <em>Cape-Porpus</em>, -is <em>Winter harbour</em>, a noted place for Fishers, here -they have many stages.</p> - -<p><em>Saco</em> adjoyns to this, and both make one scattering<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_154"></a>[154]</span> -Town of large extent, well stored with Cattle, arable land -and marshes, and a Saw-mill.</p> - -<p>Six mile to the Eastward of <em>Saco</em> & forty mile from -<em>Gorgiana</em> is seated the Town of <em>Black point</em>, consisting of -about fifty dwelling houses, and a Magazine or <em>Doganne</em>, -scatteringly built, they have store of neat and horses, of -sheep near upon Seven or Eight hundred, much arable -and marsh salt and fresh, and a Corn-mill.</p> - -<p>To the Southward of the <em>point</em> (upon which are stages -for fishermen) lye two small Islands beyond the point, -North-eastward runs the River <em>Spurwinch</em>.</p> - -<p>Four miles from <em>Black-point</em>, one mile from <em>Spurwinch</em>-River -Eastward lyeth <em>Richmans-Island</em>, whose longitude is -317 degrees 30 seconds, and latitude 43 degrees and 34 -minutes, it is three mile in circumference, and hath a passable -and gravelly ford on the [p. 202.] North-side, between -the main and the Sea at low-water: here are found -excellent Whetstones, and here likewise are stages for fishermen.</p> - -<p>Nine mile Eastward of <em>Black-point</em> lyeth scatteringly -the Town of <em>Casco</em> upon a large Bay, stored with Cattle, -Sheep, Swine, abundance of marsh and Arable land, a -Corn-mill or two, with stages for fishermen.</p> - -<p>Further East-ward is the Town of <em>Kenebeck</em> seated upon -the River.</p> - -<p>Further yet East-ward is <em>Sagadehock</em>, where there are -many houses scattering, and all along stages for fishermen, -these too are stored with Cattle and Corn lands.</p> - -<p>The mountains and hills that are to be taken notice of, -are first <em>Acomenticus</em> hills, between <em>Kettery</em> and <em>Gorgiana</em>, -the high hills of <em>Ossapey</em> to the West-ward of <em>Saco</em> River,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_155"></a>[155]</span> -where the princely <em>Pilhanaw</em> Ayries, the white mountains, -to the North-ward of <em>Black-point</em>, the highest <em>Terrasse</em> -in <em>New-England</em>, you have the description of it in -my Treatise of the rarities of <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>A Neighbour of mine rashly wandering out after some -stray’d Cattle, lost his way, and coming as we conceived -by his Relation near to the head spring of some of the -branches of <em>Black-point</em> River or <em>Saco</em>-River, [p. 203.] -light into a Tract of land for God knowes how many -miles full of delfes and dingles, and dangerous precipices, -Rocks and inextricable difficulties which did justly daunt, -yea quite deter him from endeavouring to pass any further: -many such like places are to be met with in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>The ponds or lakes in this province are very large and -many, out of which the great Rivers have their original; -we read of the lake <em>Balsena</em> that is thirty miles about, -here are that come very near to it, stored with all sorts -of fresh water fish; and if you will believe report, in -one of them huge fishes like Whales are to be seen, and -some of them have fair Islands in them. Twelve mile -from <em>Casco-bay</em>, and passable for men and horses, is a lake -called by the <em>Indians</em> <em>Sebug</em>, on the brink thereof at one -end is the famous Rock shap’d like a <em>Moose-Deere</em> or <em>Helk</em>, -Diaphanous, and called the <em>Moose-Rock</em>. Here are found -stones like Crystal, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Lapis Specularis</i> or <em>Muscovia</em> glass -both white and purple.</p> - -<p>On the East-side of <em>Black-point</em> River, upon a plain, -close to the Sea-bank is a pond two mile in compass, fish -it produceth, but those very small and black, and a number -of Frogs and Snakes, and much [p. 204.] frequented<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_156"></a>[156]</span> -by wild-fowl, <em>Ducks</em>, <em>Teal</em>, and wild-<em>Swins</em>, and <em>Geese</em>, especially -spring and fall when they pass along to the South-ward, -and return again to the North-ward where they -breed.</p> - -<p>The principal Rivers in the province of <em>Main</em>, are <em>Pascataway</em>-River, -<em>York</em>-River, <em>Kenibunck</em>-River, near to this -River clay bullets were cast up by a mineral vapour, this -River is by the Town of <em>Wells</em>. Then <em>Saco</em>-River on the -East-side of the Town, the shore Rockie all along on both -sides, where musick echoes from several places: seven -miles up the River is a great fall where abundance of -<em>Salmon</em> and <em>Lamprons</em> are taken at the fall; a great way -up, the River runs upon the Rock, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">in rupibus defendendo -efficit rivos</i>, he cutteth out Rivers among the Rocks, saith -<em>Job</em>, of the Almighty, <em>Job</em> 28. 10. A little above the fall -is a saw-mill. Then <em>Black-point</em>-River divided into many -branches; this as most of the Rivers in <em>New-England</em>, is -bar’d with a bank of Sand, where the <em>Indians</em> take <em>Sturgeon</em> -and <em>Basse</em>. <em>Spur-winck</em>-River is next, which by his -near approach to <em>Black-point</em>-River maketh that neck of -land almost an Island. Further East-ward is <em>Kenebeck</em>-river -fifty leagues off of <em>New-Plimouth</em> East-ward, and -<em>Pechipscut</em> famous [p. 205.] for multitudes of mighty large -<em>Sturgeon</em>. The last river of the province East-ward is the -great river <em>Sagadehock</em> where Sir <em>John Pophams</em> Colony -seated themselves.</p> - -<p>The chief harbours are <em>Cape-porpus</em>, <em>Winter harbour</em>, -in which are some small Islands, <em>Black-point</em>, <em>Richmans-Island</em>, -<em>Casco-bay</em> the largest in the province full of Islands.</p> - -<p>From <em>Sagadehock</em> to <em>Nova-Scotia</em> is called the Duke of -<em>Yorkes</em> province, here <em>Pemmaquid</em>, <em>Montinicus</em>, <em>Mohegan,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_157"></a>[157]</span> -apeanawhagen</em>, where Capt. <em>Smith</em> fisht for <em>Whales</em>; -<em>Muscataquid</em>, all fill’d with dwelling houses and stages for -fishermen, and have plenty of Cattle, arable land and -marshes.</p> - -<p><em>Nova Scotia</em> was sold by the Lord <em>Starling</em> to the -<em>French</em>, and is now wholly in their possession.</p> - -<p>Now we are come to <em>New-found-land</em>, which is over -against the gulf of St. <em>Lawrence</em>, an Island near as spacious -as <em>Ireland</em>, and lyeth distant from the Continent as -far as <em>England</em> is from the nearest part of <em>France</em>, and -near half the way between <em>Ireland</em> and <em>Virginia</em>, its longitude -is 334 degrees 20 seconds, and North latitude 46 -degrees 30 minutes, or as others will 53 minutes. <em>The -longitude of places are uncertainly reported, but in latitudes -most agree.</em> [p. 206.] <em>Longitude is the distance of the meridian -of any place from the meridian which passeth over -the Isles of</em> Azores, <em>where the beginning of longitude is said -to be. The meridian is a great circle dividing the Equinoctial -at right Angles into two equal parts, passing also -through both the Poles, and the Zenith, to which circle the -Sun coming twice every 24 hours, maketh the middle of the -day, and the middle of the night. Every place hath a several -meridian, but they all meet in the poles of the world. -Latitude is counted from the Equinoctial to the end of 30 -degrees on each side thereof. The Equinoctial is a great -circle imagined in the Heavens, also dividing the heavens -into two equal parts, and lying just in the middle betwixt -the two poles, being in compass from West to East, 360 degrees, -every degree thereof on the terrestrial Globe valuing -<a id="tn-157"></a>20 English miles, [leagues?] or 60 miles.</em></p> - -<p>Into the Bay of St. <em>Lawrence</em> the River of St. <em>Lawrence</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_158"></a>[158]</span> -or <em>Canada</em> disimbogues it self, a River far exceeding any -River in the elder world, thirty or forty mile over at the -mouth, and in the Channel one hundred fathom deep; it -runs on the back-side of <em>New-England</em> and <em>Virginia</em>: the -<em>French</em> (it is said) have gone up six weeks voyage in it, -and have not yet discovered the spring-head: the longitude -is 334 degrees [p. 207.] 11 seconds, in 50 degrees 21 -minutes of North latitude. This may satisfie a modest -Reader, and I hope yield no offence to any. I shall onely -speak a word or two of the people in the province of -<em>Main</em> and the Dukes province, and so conclude.</p> - -<p>The people in the province of <em>Main</em> may be divided -into Magistrates, Husbandmen, or Planters, and fishermen; -of the Magistrates some be Royalists, the rest perverse -Spirits, the like are the planters and fishers, of which -some be planters and fishers both, others meer fishers.</p> - -<p>Handicrafts-men there are but few, the Tumelor or -Cooper, Smiths and Carpenters are best welcome -amongst them, shop-keepers there are none, being supplied -by the <em>Massachusets</em> Merchants with all things they -stand in need of, keeping here and there fair Magazines -stored with <em>English</em> goods, but they set excessive prices on -them, if they do not gain <em>Cent per Cent</em>, they cry out that -they are losers, hence <em>English</em> shooes are sold for Eight -and Nine shillings a pair, worsted stockins of Three shillings -six pence a pair, for Seven and Eight shillings a pair, -Douglass that is sold in <em>England</em> for one or two and -twenty pence an ell, for four shillings a yard, Serges of -two shillings or three shillings a yard, for Six and Seven -[p. 208.] shillings a yard, and so all sorts of Commodities -both for planters and fishermen, as Cables, Cordage,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_159"></a>[159]</span> -Anchors, Lines, Hooks, Nets, Canvas for sails, <em>&c.</em> Bisket -twenty five shillings a hundred, Salt at an excessive -rate, pickled-herrin for winter bait Four and five pound a -barrel (with which they speed not so well as the waggish -lad at <em>Cape-porpus</em>, who baited his hooks with the drown’d -<em>Negro’s</em> buttocks) so for Pork and Beef.</p> - -<p>The planters are or should be restless pains takers, providing -for their Cattle, planting and sowing of Corn, fencing -their grounds, cutting and bringing home fuel, cleaving -of claw-board and pipe-staves, fishing for fresh water -fish and fowling takes up most of their time, if not all; the -diligent hand maketh rich, but if they be of a droanish -disposition as some are, they become wretchedly poor and -miserable, scarce able to free themselves and family from -importunate famine, especially in the winter for want of -bread.</p> - -<p>They have a custom of taking Tobacco, sleeping at -noon, sitting long at meals some-times four times in a day, -and now and then drinking a dram of the bottle extraordinarily: -the smoaking of Tobacco, if moderately used -refresheth the weary much, and so doth sleep.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="verse indent0">[p. 209.] <em>A Traveller five hours doth crave</em></div> - <div class="verse indent8"><em>To sleep, a Student seven will have,</em></div> - <div class="verse indent8"><em>And nine sleeps every Idle knave.</em></div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>The Physitian allowes but three draughts at a meal, the -first for need, the second for pleasure, and the third for -sleep; but little observed by them, unless they have no -other liquor to drink but water. In some places where -the springs are frozen up, or at least the way to their -springs made unpassable by reason of the snow and the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_160"></a>[160]</span> -like, they dress their meat in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aqua Cælestis</i>, i. e. melted -snow, at other times it is very well cook’t, and they feed -upon (generally) as good flesh, Beef, Pork, Mutton, Fowl -and fish as any is in the whole world besides.</p> - -<p>Their Servants which are for the most part <em>English</em>, -when they are out of their time, will not work under half -a Crown a day, although it be for to make hay, and for -less I do not see how they can, by reason of the dearness -of clothing. If they hire them by the year, they pay -them Fourteen or Fifteen pound, yea Twenty pound at -the years end in Corn, Cattle and fish: some of these -prove excellent fowlers, bringing in as many as will maintain -their masters house; besides the profit that accrews -by their feathers, [p. 210.] They use (when it is to be -had) a great round shot, called <em>Barstable</em> shot, (which is -best for fowl) made of a lead blacker than our common -lead, to six pound of shot they allow one pound of powder, -Cannon powder is esteemed best.</p> - -<p>The fishermen take yearly upon the coasts many hundred -kentals of Cod, hake, haddock, polluck <em>&c.</em> which -they split, salt and dry at their stages, making three voyages -in a year. When they share their fish (which is at the -end of every voyage) they separate the best from the worst, -the first they call Merchantable fish, being sound, full grown -fish and well made up, which is known when it is clear -like a Lanthorn horn and without spots; the second sort -they call refuse fish, that is such as is salt burnt, spotted, -rotten, and carelesly ordered: these they put off to the -<em>Massachusets</em> Merchants; the merchantable for thirty and -two and thirty ryals a kental, (a kental is an hundred and -twelve pound weight) the refuse for Nine shillings and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_161"></a>[161]</span> -Ten shillings a kental, the Merchant sends the merchantable -fish to <em>Lisbonne</em>, <em>Bilbo</em>, <em>Burdeaux</em>, <em>Marsiles</em>, <em>Talloon</em>, -<em>Rochel</em>, <em>Roan</em>, and other Cities of <em>France</em>, to the <em>Canaries</em> -with claw-board and pipe-staves which is there and at the -<em>Charibs</em> a prime Commodity: the refuse fish they put [p. -211.] off at the <em>Charib-Islands</em>, <em>Barbadoes</em>, <em>Jamaica</em>, &c. -who feed their <em>Negroes</em> with it.</p> - -<p>To every Shallop belong four fishermen, a Master or -Steersman, a Midship-man, and a Foremast-man, and a -shore man who washes it out of the salt, and dries it upon -hurdles pitcht upon stakes breast high and tends their -Cookery; these often get in one voyage Eight or Nine -pound a man for their shares, but it doth some of them -little good, for the Merchant to increase his gains by putting -off his Commodity in the midst of their voyages, and -at the end thereof comes in with a walking Tavern, a -Bark laden with the Legitimate bloud of the rich grape, -which they bring from <em>Phial</em>, <em>Madera</em>, <em>Canaries</em>, with -<em>Brandy</em>, <em>Rhum</em>, the <em>Barbadoes strong-water</em>, and <em>Tobacco</em>, -coming ashore he gives them a taster or two, which so -charms them, that for no perswasions that their imployers -can use will they go out to Sea, although fair and seasonable -weather, for two or three days, nay sometimes a -whole week till they are wearied with drinking, taking -ashore two or three Hogsheads of <em>Wine</em> and <em>Rhum</em> to -drink off when the Merchant is gone. If a man of quality -chance to come where they are roystering and gulling -in <em>Wine</em> with a dear felicity, he must be sociable and <em>Roly-poly</em> -with them, taking off [p. 212] their liberal cups as -freely, or else be gone, which is best for him, for when -<em>Wine</em> in their guts is at full Tide, they quarrel, fight and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_162"></a>[162]</span> -do one another mischief, which is the conclusion of their -drunken compotations. When the day of payment comes, -they may justly complain of their costly sin of drunkenness, -for their shares will do no more than pay the reckoning; -if they save a Kental or two to buy shooes and -stockins, shirts and wastcoats with, ’tis well, other-wayes -they must enter into the Merchants books for such things -as they stand in need off, becoming thereby the Merchants -slaves, & when it riseth to a big sum are constrained to -mortgage their plantation if they have any, the Merchant -when the time is expired is sure to seize upon their plantation -and stock of Cattle, turning them out of house and -home, poor Creatures, to look out for a new habitation in -some remote place where they begin the world again. -The lavish planters have the same fate, partaking with -them in the like bad husbandry, of these the Merchant -buys Beef, Pork, Pease, Wheat and <em>Indian</em> Corn, and sells -it again many times to the fishermen. Of the same nature -are the people in the Dukes province, who not long -before I left the Countrey petitioned the Governour and -Magistrates in [p. 213.] the <em>Massachusets</em> to take them -into their Government, Birds of a feather will ralley together.</p> - -<p><em>Anno Dom.</em> 1671. The year being now well spent, and -the Government of the province turned topsiturvy, being -heartily weary and expecting the approach of winter, I -took my leave of my friends at <em>Black-point</em>. And on the -28 of <em>August</em> being Monday I shipt my self and my goods -aboard of a shallop bound for <em>Boston</em>: towards Sun-set, -the wind being contrary, we put into <em>Gibbons</em> his Island, -a small Island in <em>Winter-harbour</em> about two leagues from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_163"></a>[163]</span> -<em>Black-point</em> West-ward, here we stayed till the 30. day being -Wednesday, about nine of the clock we set sail, and -towards Sun-set came up with <em>Gorgiana</em>, the 31 day being -Thursday we put into <em>Cape-Ann</em>-harbour about Sun-set. -<em>September</em> the 1 being Saturday in the morning before -day we set sail and came to <em>Boston</em> about three of the -clock in the afternoon, where I found the Inhabitants -exceedingly afflicted with griping of the guts, and Feaver, -and Ague, and bloudy Flux.</p> - -<p>The Eight day of <em>October</em> being Wednesday, I boarded -the new-Supply of <em>Boston</em> 120 Tun, a ship of better sail -than defence, her Guns being small, and for salutation -only, the Master Capt. <em>Fairweather</em>, her [p. 214.] sailers -16. and as many passengers. Towards night I returned -to <em>Boston</em> again, the next day being Thanksgiving day, on -Fryday the Tenth day we weighed Anchor and fell down -to <em>Hull</em>.</p> - -<p>The 12 and 13 day about 20 leagues from <em>Cape-Sable</em> a -bitter storm took us, beginning at seven of the clock at -night, which put us in terrible fear of being driven upon -the <em>Cape</em>, or the Island of <em>Sables</em> where many a tall ship -hath been wrackt.</p> - -<p><em>November</em> the One and twenty about two of the clock -afternoon we saw within kenning before us thick clouds, -which put us in hope of land, the <em>Boson</em> brings out his -purse, into which the passengers put their good will, then -presently he nails it to the main-mast, up go the boyes to -the main-mast-top sitting there like so many <em>Crowes</em>, when -after a while one of them cryes out land, which was glad -tidings to the wearied passengers, the boyes descend, and -the purse being taken from the mast was distributed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_164"></a>[164]</span> -amongst them, the lad that first descryed land having a -double share: about three of the clock <em>Scilly</em> was three -leagues off.</p> - -<p>The four and twentieth day we came to <em>Deal</em>, from -thence the 25. to <em>Lee</em>, the 26. being Sunday we steemed -the Tide to <em>Gravesend</em>, about two of the clock [p. 215.] -afternoon. The 27 we came up with <em>Wollich</em> where I -landed and refresht my self for that night, next day I -footed it four or five miles to <em>Bexley</em> in <em>Kent</em> to visit a -near kinsman, the next day proved rainie, the 30 day being -Fryday my kinsman accommodated me with a Horse -and his man to <em>Greenwich</em>, where I took a pair of Oars -and went aboard our Ship then lying before <em>Radcliff</em>, here -I lay that night. Next day being Saturday, and the first -of <em>December</em> I cleared my goods, shot the bridge and -landed at the <em>Temple</em> about seven of the clock at night, -which makes my voyage homeward 7 weeks and four -days, and from my first setting out from <em>London</em> to my -returning to <em>London</em> again Eight years Six moneths and -odd days.</p> - -<p>Now by the merciful providence of the Almighty, having -perform’d Two voyages to the North-east parts of the -Western-world, I am safely arrived in my Native Countrey; -having in part made good the <em>French</em> proverb, -Travail where thou canst, but dye where thou oughtest, -that is, in thine own Countrey.</p> - - -<p class="p2 pfs90 lsp2"><em>FINIS.</em></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_165"></a>[165]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak"> -<span class="fs150 lht2">Chronological</span><br /> - -<span class="fs120 lsp2 lht2">OBSERVATIONS</span><br /> - -<span class="fs80 lsp">OF</span><br /> - -<span class="fs180 lht2">AMERICA,</span></h2> - -<p class="p1 pfs120 lht"> -From the year of the World<br /> -to the year of Christ,<br /> -1673.<br /><br /></p> - -<hr class="r50" /> -<div class="figcenter illowp50" id="chron-250" style="max-width: 8em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/chron-250.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> -<hr class="r50" /> - -<p class="p2 pfs100 lsp2"><em>LONDON</em>:</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100">Printed for <em>Giles Widdowes</em>, at the <em>Green-Dragon</em><br /> -in St. <em>Paul’s</em>-Church-yard, 1674.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_166"></a>[166]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_167"></a>[167]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="pref2-600" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/pref2-600.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h3>The Preface.</h3> -</div> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/pref2-t-100.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p class="drop-cap"><em>The Terrestrial World is by our learned Geographers -divided into four parts</em>, Europe, Asia, -Africa <em>and</em> America <em>so named from</em> Americus -Vespucius <em>the</em> Florentine, <em>Seven years after</em> Columbus; -<em>although</em> Columbus <em>and</em> Cabota <em>deserved rather the honour -of being Godfathers to it: notwithstanding by this name it -is now known to us, but was utterly unknown to the Ancient</em> -Europeans <em>before their times, I will not say</em> to the -<em>Africans</em> and <em>Asians</em>, for <em>Plato</em> in his <em>Timeus</em> relateth of -a great Island called <em>Atlantis</em>, and <em>Philo</em> the <em>Jew</em> in his -book <cite>De mundo</cite>, that it was over-flowen with water, by -reason of a mighty Earthquake; The like happened to it -600 years before <em>Plato</em>: thus was the <em>Atlantick</em> Ocean, -caused to be a Sea, <em>if you will believe the same Philosopher, -who flourished</em> 366 <em>years before the Birth of our Saviour</em>.</p> - -<p>America <em>is bounded on the South with the streight of</em> -Magellan, <em>where there are many Islands distinguished by an -interflowing Bay; the West with the pacifique Sea, or</em> mare-del-zur, -<em>which Sea runs towards the North, separateing it -from the East parts of</em> Asia; <em>on the East with the</em> Atlantick, -<em>or our Western Ocean called</em> mare-del-Nort; <em>and on -the North with the Sea that separateth it from</em> Groveland, -<em>thorow which Seas the supposed passage to</em> China <em>lyeth; -these North parts, as yet are but barely discovered by our -voyagers.</em></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_168"></a>[168]</span></p> - -<p><em>The length of this new World between the streights of</em> -Anian <em>and</em> Magellan <em>is</em> 2400 German <em>miles, in breadth -between</em> Cabo de fortuna <em>near the</em> Anian <em>streights is</em> 1300 -German <em>miles. About</em> 18 <em>leagues from</em> Nombre de dios, -<em>on the South-Sea lyeth</em> Panama (<em>a City having three fair -Monasteries in it</em>) <em>where the narrowest part of the Countrey -is, it is much less than</em> Asia, <em>and far bigger than</em> -Europe, <em>and as the rest of the world divided into Islands -and Continent, the Continent supposed to contain about</em> -1152400000 <em>Acres.</em></p> - -<p><em>The Native people I have spoken of already: The discoverers -and Planters of Colonies, especially in the North-east -parts; together with a continuation of the proceedings of -the</em> English <em>in</em> New-England, <em>from the first year of their -settling there to purpose, to this present year of our Lord</em> -1673. <em>with many other things by the way inserted and -worth the observing I present unto your view in this ensuing -Table.</em></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_169"></a>[169]</span></p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="pref2x-600" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/pref2-600.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - - -<p class="p2 center"><em>Anno Mundi</em>, 3720.</p> - -<p class="drop-capy">B<em>Ritain</em> known to the <em>Græcians</em> as appeared by <em>Polybius</em> -the <em>Greek</em> Historian 265 years before the Birth -of our Saviour, & after him <em>Athenæus</em> a <em>Greek</em> Author of -good account 170 before Christ, relateth that <em>Hiero</em> sent -for a mast for a great Ship that he had built to <em>Britain</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">3740.</p> - -<p><em>Hanno</em> the <em>Carthaginian</em> flourished, who sent to discover -the great Island <em>Atlantis</em>, i. e. <em>America</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">3873.</p> - -<p><em>Britain</em> unknown to the <em>Romans</em> was first discovered to -them by <em>Julius Cæsar</em>, 54 years before the Birth of Christ, -who took it to be part of the Continent of <em>France</em>, and -got nothing but the sight of that part called afterwards -<em>England</em>, which is the South of <em>Britain</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center"><em>Anno Domini</em>, 86.</p> - -<p><em>Britain</em> discovered to be an Island, and conquered by -<em>Julius Agricola</em> 136. years after <em>Julius Cæsars</em> entrance -into it.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">99.</p> - -<p>[p. 224.] The Emperour <em>Trajan</em> flourished and stretched -the Confines of the <em>Roman</em> Empire, unto the remotest -Dominions of the <em>East-Indies</em>, who never before that time -had heard of a <em>Roman</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">745.</p> - -<p><em>Boniface</em> Bishop of <em>Mens</em> a City in Germany, was accused -before Pope <em>Zachary</em> in the time of <em>Ethelred</em> King<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_170"></a>[170]</span> -of the <em>East-Angles</em> for Heresie, <em>&c.</em> in that he averred -there were Antipodes. St. <em>Augustine</em> and <em>Lactantius</em> -opinion was that there were none.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">827.</p> - -<p><em>Egbert</em> the <em>Saxon</em> Monarch changed the name of the -people in <em>England</em>, and called them <em>English-men</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">844.</p> - -<p>The <em>Turks</em> or <em>Scythians</em> came from thence in the time -of <em>Ethelwolf</em> King of the <em>West-Saxons</em>. If the <em>Ottoman</em>-line -should fail, the <em>Chrim Tartar</em> is to succeed, being -both of one Family.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">959.</p> - -<p><em>Edgar</em> Sirnamed the Peaceable, the 30 Monarch of the -<em>English</em>, caused the Wolves to be destroyed by imposing a -Tribute upon the Princes of <em>Wales</em>; and <em>Fage</em> Prince of -<em>North-Wales</em> paid him yearly 300 Wolves, [p. 227.] which -continued three years space, in the fourth year there was -not a Wolf to be found, and so the Tribute ceased.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1160.</p> - -<p>In the Emperours <em>Frederick Barbarossa’s</em> time, certain -<em>West-Indians</em> came into <em>Germany</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1170.</p> - -<p><em>Madoc</em> the Son of <em>Owen Gwineth</em> Prince of <em>North-Wales</em> -his voyage to the <em>West-Indies</em>, he planted a Colony -in the Western part of the Countrey, in our <em>Henry</em> the -Seconds Raign.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1300.</p> - -<p><em>Flavio</em> of <em>Malphi</em> in <em>Naples</em> invented the Compass in -our <em>Edward</em> the firsts time.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1330.</p> - -<p>The <em>Canaries</em> discovered by an <em>English</em> Ship.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_171"></a>[171]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1337.</p> - -<p>In <em>Edward</em> the third’s time a Comet appeared, continuing -30 days.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1344.</p> - -<p><em>Machan</em> an <em>English-man</em> accidentally discovered <em>Madera-Island</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1350.</p> - -<p><em>Estotiland</em> discovered by fishermen of <em>Freez-land</em>, in <em>Edward</em> -the third’s Raign.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1360.</p> - -<p>The Franciscan-Fryer <em>Nicholas de Linno</em>, [p. 228.] who -is said to discover the Pole by his black Art, went thither -in the Raign of <em>Edward</em> the Third.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1372.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>John Mandivel</em>, the Great Traveller dyed at <em>Leige</em> -a City in the <em>Netherland</em> Provinces in <em>Edward</em> the Third’s -Raign.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1380.</p> - -<p><em>Nicholas</em> and <em>Antonio Zeni</em>, two Noble Gentlemen of -<em>Venice</em> were driven by Tempest upon the Island of <em>Estotiland</em> -or <em>Gronland</em>, in our <em>Edward</em> the Third’s Raign.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1417.</p> - -<p>The <em>Canaries</em> conquered by <em>Betan-Court</em> a <em>Frenchman</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1420.</p> - -<p>The Island of <em>Madera</em> discovered in our <em>Henry</em> the -Fifth’s time.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1428.</p> - -<p>The Island <em>Puerto Santo</em>, or <em>Holy-port</em> distant from -<em>Madera</em> 40 miles, discovered by <em>Portingal</em> Mariners on -<em>All-hallowes-day</em>, and therefore called <em>Holy-port</em>, it is in -compass 150 miles, in <em>Henry</em> the Sixth’s Raign.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_172"></a>[172]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1440.</p> - -<p>The Island of <em>Cape de verd</em> discovered.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1452.</p> - -<p>The <em>Marine</em> parts of <em>Guinea</em> discovered by the <em>Portingals</em> -in <em>Henry</em> the Sixth’s Raign.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1478.</p> - -<p>[p. 229.] <em>Ferdinando</em> first Monarch of all <em>Spain</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1485.</p> - -<p><em>Henry</em> the Seventh began to Raign.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1486.</p> - -<p>The Kingdom of <em>Angola</em> and <em>Congo</em>, with the Islands -of St. <em>George</em>, St. <em>James</em> and St. <em>Helens</em> discovered.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1488.</p> - -<p><em>Christopher Columbus</em> a <em>Genouese</em> offered the discovery -of the <em>West-Indies</em> to <em>Henry</em> the Seventh.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1492.</p> - -<p><em>Christopher Columbus</em> sent to discover the <em>West-Indies</em> -by <em>Ferdinando</em> King of <em>Arragon</em>, and <em>Isabella</em> Queen of -<em>Castile</em>, who descended from <em>Edward</em> the Third King of -<em>England</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Caribby-Islands</em> the <em>Antilles</em> or <em>Canibal</em>, or <em>Camerean-Islands</em> -now discovered by <em>Christopher Columbus</em>, who -took possession of <em>Florida</em> and <em>Hispaniola</em> for the King of -<em>Spain</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1493.</p> - -<p><em>Alexander</em> <ins class="corr" id="tn-172" title="Transcriber’s Note—1674 text: 'the Sixt Pope'"> -the Sixth Pope</ins> of <em>Rome</em> a <em>Spaniard</em>, took -upon him to divide the world by his Bull, betwixt the -<em>Portingal</em> and the <em>Spaniard</em>, bearing date the fourth of -<em>May</em>, giving to the one the East, and to the other the -West-<em>Indies</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 230.] St. <em>Jean Porto Rico</em> discovered by <em>Christopher<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_173"></a>[173]</span> -Columbus</em>, <em>Cuba</em> and <em>Jamaica</em> discovered by him, this was -his second voyage.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1495.</p> - -<p><em>Sebastian Cabota</em> the first that attempted to discover the -North-west passage at the charge of <em>Henry</em> the Seventh.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1497.</p> - -<p><em>Christopher Columbus</em> his third voyage to the West-<em>Indies</em>, -and now he discovered the Countreys of <em>Paria</em> and -<em>Cumana</em>, with the Islands of <em>Cubagua</em> and <em>Margarita</em>.</p> - -<p><em>John Cabota</em> and his Son <em>Sebastian Cabota</em> sent by -<em>Henry</em> the Seventh, to discover the <em>West-Indies</em>, which -they performed from the <em>Cape</em> of <em>Florida</em> to the 67 degree -and a half of Northerly latitude, being said by some to be -the first that discovered <em>Florida</em>, <em>Virginia</em>, and <em>New-found-land</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Vasques de Gama</em> his voyage to <em>Africa</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1500.</p> - -<p><em>Christopher Columbus</em> his fourth and last voyage to the -<em>West-Indies</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Jasper Corteriaglis</em> a <em>Portugal</em>, his voyage to discover -the North-West passage, he discovered <em>Greenland</em>, or <em>Terra -Corteriaglis</em>, or <em>Terra di Laborodoro</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1501.</p> - -<p><em>Americus Vesputius</em> a <em>Florentine</em> imployed by the King -of <em>Castile</em> and <em>Portingal</em>, to discover [p. 231.] the <em>West-Indies</em>, -named from him Seven year after <em>Columbus</em>, -<em>America</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1506.</p> - -<p><em>Christopher Columbus</em> dyed.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1508.</p> - -<p><em>Henry</em> the Seventh dyed <em>August the</em> Two and twentieth.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_174"></a>[174]</span></p> - -<p><em>Henry</em> the Eighth King of England.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1514.</p> - -<p><em>Sebastian Cabota</em>, the Son of <em>John</em> made further discovery -of all the North-east coasts from <em>Cape Florida</em> to <em>New-found-land</em>, -and <em>Terra Laborador</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1516.</p> - -<p>The voyage of Sir <em>Thomas Pert</em> Vice-Admiral of <em>England</em>, -and <em>Sebastian Cabota</em>, the Eighth of <em>Henry</em> the -Eighth to <em>Brasil</em>, St. <em>Domingo</em>, and St. <em>Juan de puerto -rico</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1520.</p> - -<p><em>Ferdinando Magellano</em> a noble <em>Portingal</em> set forth to -sail about the world, but was 1521 unfortunately slain.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1522.</p> - -<p>The <em>Bermuduz-Isle</em> 400 in number, being 500 miles -distant from <em>Virginia</em>, and 3300 miles from the City of -<em>London</em> in the latitude 32 degrees and 30 minutes, discovered -now accidentally by <em>John Bermuduz</em> a <em>Spaniard</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1523.</p> - -<p>[p. 232.] <em>Stephen Gomez</em> his voyage to discover the -North-west passage, some will have it in Twenty five.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1527.</p> - -<p><em>New-found-land</em> discovered by one <em>Andrew Thorn</em>, the -Southern part but 600 leagues from <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p><em>John de Ponce</em> for the <em>Spaniard</em> took possession of <em>Florida</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1528.</p> - -<p><em>Nevis</em> or <em>Mevis</em> planted now according to some writers.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1534.</p> - -<p><em>Califormia</em> questioned, whether Island or Continent, -first discovered by the <em>Spaniard</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_175"></a>[175]</span></p> - -<p><em>Nova Francia</em> lying between the 40 and 50 degree of -the <em>Artic-poles Altitude</em> discovered by <em>Jaques Carthier</em> in -his first voyage, the first Colony planted in <em>Canada</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1536.</p> - -<p>The Puritan-Church policy began now in <em>Geneva</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1542.</p> - -<p><em>Monsieur du Barvals</em> voyage to <em>Nova Francia</em>, sent to -inhabite those parts.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1548.</p> - -<p><em>Henry</em> the Eighth dyed.</p> - -<p><em>Edward</em> the Sixth King of <em>England</em> began to Raign.</p> - -<p>[p. 233.] <em>Sebastian Cabota</em> made grand Pilot of <em>England</em> -by <em>Edward</em> the Sixth.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1550.</p> - -<p>The sweating sickness in <em>England.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1553.</p> - -<p><em>Edward</em> the Sixth dyed.</p> - -<p><em>Mary</em> Queen of <em>England</em> began to Raign.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Hugh Willoughby</em>, and all his men in two Ships in -his first attempt to discover the North-east passage, were -in <em>October</em> frozen to death in the Haven called <em>Arzima</em> in -<em>Lapland</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1558.</p> - -<p>Queen <em>Mary</em> dyed.</p> - -<p><em>Elizabeth</em> Queen of <em>England</em> began to Raign <em>November</em> -the Seventeenth.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1560.</p> - -<p><em>Salvaterra</em> a <em>Spaniard</em> his voyage to the North-west -passage.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1562.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>John Hawkin’s</em> first voyage to the <em>West-Indies</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_176"></a>[176]</span></p> - -<p>The first expedition of the <em>French</em> into <em>Florida</em>, undertaken -by <em>John Ribald</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1565.</p> - -<p>Tobacco first brought into <em>England</em> by Sir <em>John Hawkins</em>, -but it was first brought into use by Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> -many years after.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1566.</p> - -<p>The Puritans began to appear in <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1569.</p> - -<p>[p. 234.] <em>Anthony Jenkinson</em> the first of the <em>English</em> that -sailed through the <em>Caspian</em>-Sea.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1572.</p> - -<p>Private Presbyteries now first erected in <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Francis Drake’s</em> first voyage to the <em>West-Indies</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1573.</p> - -<p>The <em>Hollanders</em> seek for aid from Queen <em>Elizabeth</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1576.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Martin Frobisher</em> the first in Queen <em>Elizabeths</em> days -that sought for the North-west passage, or the streight, or -passage to <em>China</em>, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">meta incognita</i>, in three several voyages, -others will have it in 1577.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1577.</p> - -<p><em>November</em> the 17 Sir <em>Francis Drake</em> began his voyage -about the world with five Ships, and 164 men setting sail -from <em>Plimouth</em>, putting off <em>Cape de verde</em>. The beginning -of <em>February</em>, he saw no Land till the fifth of <em>April</em>, -being past the line 30 degrees of latitude, and in the 36 -degree entered the River <em>Plates</em>, whence he fell with the -streight of <em>Magellan</em> the 21 of <em>August</em>, which with three -of his Ships he passed, having cast off the other two as -impediments to him, and the <em>Marigold</em> tossed from her<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_177"></a>[177]</span> -General after [p. 235.] passage was no more seen. The -other commanded by Capt. <em>Winter</em> shaken off also by -Tempest, returned thorow the Streights and recovered -<em>England</em>, only the <em>Pellican</em>, whereof himself was Admiral, -held on her course to <em>Chile</em>, <em>Coquimbo</em>, <em>Cinnama</em>, <em>Palma</em>, -<em>Lima</em>, upon the west of <em>America</em>, where he passed the line -1579 the first day of <em>March</em>, and so forth until he came to -the latitude 47. Thinking by those North Seas to have -found passage to <em>England</em>, but fogs, frosts and cold winds -forced him to turn his course South-west from thence, and -came to Anchor 38 degrees from the line, where the King -of that Countrey presented him his Net-work Crown of -many coloured feathers, and therewith resigned his Scepter -of Government unto his Dominion, which Countrey -Sir <em>Francis Drake</em> took possession of in the Queens name, -and named it <em>Nova Albion</em>, which is thought to be part -of the Island of <em>Califormia</em>.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Martin Frobisher’s</em> second voyage.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1578.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Humphrey Gilbert</em> a <em>Devonshire</em> Knight attempted -to discover <em>Virginia</em>, but without success.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Martin Frobisher’s</em> third voyage to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Meta incognita</i>. -<em>Freezeland</em> now called <em>West-England</em>, 25 leagues in length, -in the latitude of 57.</p> - -<p>[p. 236.] Sir <em>Francis Drake</em> now passed the Streights -of <em>Magellan</em> in the Ship called the <i>Pellican</i>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1579.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Francis Drake</em> discovered <em>Nova Albion</em> in the South-Sea.</p> - -<p>Others will have Sir <em>Martin Frobisher’s</em> first voyage to -discover the North-west passage to be this year.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_178"></a>[178]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1580.</p> - -<p>From <em>Nova Albion</em> he fell with <em>Ternate</em>, one of the Isles -of <em>Molucco</em>, being courteously entertained of the King, -and from thence he came unto the Isles of <em>Calebes</em>, to -<em>Java Major</em>, to <em>Cape buona speranza</em>, and fell with the -coasts of <em>Guinea</em>, where crossing again the line, he came -to the height of the <em>Azores</em>, and thence to <em>England</em> upon -the third of <em>November</em> 1580. after three years lacking -twelve days, and was Knighted, and his Ship laid up at -<em>Deptford</em> as a monument of his fame.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1581.</p> - -<p>The Provinces of <em>Holland</em> again seek for aid to the -Queen of <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1582.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Humphrey Gilbert</em> took possession of <em>New-found-land</em> -or <em>Terra Nova</em>, in the harbour of St. <em>John</em>, for and in the -name of [p. 237.] Queen <em>Elizabeth</em>, it lyeth over against -the gulf of St. <em>Lawrence</em>, and is between 46 and 53 degrees -of the North-poles Altitude.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1583.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> in <em>Ireland</em>.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Humphrey Gilbert</em> attempted a plantation in some -remote parts in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>He perished in his return from <em>New-found-land</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1584.</p> - -<p>The woful year of subscription so called by the Brethren, -or Disciplinarians.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> obtained of Queen <em>Elizabeth</em> a -Patent for the discovery and peopling of unknown Countries, -not actually possessed by any Christian Prince. -Dated <em>March</em> 25. in the six and twentieth of her Raign.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_179"></a>[179]</span></p> - -<p><em>April</em> the 27 following, he set forth two Barkes under -the Command of Mr. <em>Philip Amedas</em> and Mr. <em>Arthur -Barlow</em>, who arrived on that part of <em>America</em>, which that -Virgin Queen named <em>Virginia</em>, and thereof in her Majesties -name took possession <em>July</em> the Thirteenth.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1585.</p> - -<p>Cautionary Towns and Forts in the low-Countreys delivered -unto Queen <em>Elizabeths</em> hands.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Richard Greenvile</em> was sent by Sir [p. 238.] <em>Walter -Rawleigh</em> <em>April</em> the Ninth, with a Fleet of 7 sail to <em>Virginia</em>, -and was stiled the General of <em>Virginia</em>. He landed -in the Island of St. <em>John de porto Rico</em> <em>May</em> the Twelfth, -and there fortified themselves and built a <em>Pinnasse</em>, &c. -In <em>Virginia</em> they left 100 men under the Government of -Mr. <em>Ralph Lane</em>, and others.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Francis Drake’s</em> voyage to the <em>West-Indies</em>, wherein -were taken the Cities of St. <em>Jago</em>, St. <em>Domingo Cartagena</em>, -and the Town of St. <em>Augustine</em> in <em>Florida</em>.</p> - -<p>Now (say some) Tobacco was first brought into <em>England</em> -by Mr. <em>Ralph Lane</em> out of <em>Virginia</em>.</p> - -<p>Others will have Tobacco to be first brought into <em>England</em> -from <em>Peru</em>, by Sir <em>Francis Drake’s</em> Mariners.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>John Davies</em> first voyage to discover the North-west -passage, encouraged by Sir <em>Francis Walsingham</em>, -principal Secretary.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1586.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Candish</em> of <em>Trimely</em>, in the County of <em>Suffolk</em> -Esq, began his voyage in the ship called the <em>Desire</em>, -and two ships more to the South-Sea through the -Streights of <em>Magellan</em> (and from thence round about the -circumference of the whole earth) burnt and ransack’d in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_180"></a>[180]</span> -the entrance of <em>Chile</em>, [p. 239.] <em>Peru</em> and <em>New-Spain</em>, near -the great Island of <em>Calformia</em> in the South-Sea; and returned -to <em>Plimouth</em> with a pretious booty 1588. <em>September</em> -the Eighth, being the Third since <em>Magellan</em>, that circuited -the earth, our <em>English</em> voyagers were never out-stript by -any.</p> - -<p>The Natives in <em>Virginia</em> conspired against the <em>English</em>.</p> - -<p>The same year Sir <em>Richard Greenvile</em> General of <em>Virginia</em> -arrived there with three ships, bringing relief from -Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> to the Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Davies</em> second voyage to discover the North-west -passage.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1587.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> sent another Colony of 150 persons -under the Government of Mr. <em>John White</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Davies</em> third voyage to discover the North-west -passage.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Francis Drake</em>, with four ships took from the <em>Spaniards</em> -one million, 189200 Ducats in one voyage.</p> - - -<p class="p1 center">1588.</p> - -<p>Queen <em>Elizabeth</em> opposed her Authority against the -Brethrens books and writings.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Francis Drake</em> Vice-Admiral of the <em>English</em> Fleet, -the Lord-Admiral bestowed the order of Knight-hood -upon Mr. <em>John</em> [p. 240.] <em>Hawkins</em>, <em>Martin Forbisher</em> and -others, <em>July</em> the Five and twentieth.</p> - -<p>The <em>Spanish Armado</em> defeated, consisting of 130 ships, -wherein were 19290 Souldiers, 2080 chained Rowers, -2630 great Ordnance, Commanded by <em>Perezius Guzman</em> -Duke of <em>Medina Sedonia</em>, and under him <em>Johannes Martinus -Recaldus</em> a great Seaman; The Fleet coming on<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_181"></a>[181]</span> -like a half-moon, the horns of the front extending one -from the other about 7 miles asunder, it was preparing 15 -years, and was blackt to make it seem more terrible.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1589.</p> - -<p>The <em>Portingal</em> voyage under the conduct of Sir <em>Francis -Drake</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Candish</em> now finished his voyage about the -world, as some will have it.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1590.</p> - -<p>Now Tobacco first used in <em>England</em>, as some will have -it.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1591.</p> - -<p>The first <em>Englishman</em> that ever was in the <em>Bermuduze</em> -or <em>Summer-Islands</em>, was one <em>Henry May</em>.</p> - -<p>The voyage of Capt. <em>Newport</em> to the <em>West-Indies</em>, where -upon the coast of <em>Hispaniola</em>, he took and burnt three -Towns, and Nineteen sail of ships and Frigats.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Candish</em> last voyage, in which he dyed.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1593.</p> - -<p>[p. 241.] Sir <em>Martin Frobisher</em> Commander of the <em>English</em> -Fleet slain in the quarrel of <em>H.</em> King of <em>Navarr</em>.</p> - -<p>The last voyage of Sir <em>Francis Drake</em>, and Sir <em>John -Hawkins</em> to the <em>West-Indies</em> with six ships of the Queens, -and twelve other ships and Barks containing 2400 men -and boyes, in which voyage they both dyed, and Sir -<em>Francis Drake’s</em> Coffen was thrown over board near <em>Porto -bello</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1594.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Robert Duddeley’s</em> voyage to <em>Trinadad</em>, and the coast -of <em>Paria</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>James Lancasters</em> voyage to <em>Fernambuck</em> the port<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_182"></a>[182]</span> -Town of <em>Olinda</em> in <em>Brazil</em>, in which voyage he took 29 -ships and Frigats, surprized the said port Town, and there -found the Cargazon or fraught of a rich <em>Indian Carack</em>, -which together with great abundance of Sugars and Cottons -he brought from thence; lading therewith fifteen -sail of tall ships and barks.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1595.</p> - -<p>The voyage of Sir <em>Amias Preston</em>, & Capt. <em>George Sommers</em> -to the <em>West-Indies</em>, where they took, sackt, spoiled and -abandoned the Island of <em>Puerto Santo</em>, the Island of <em>Cock</em> -near [p. 242.] <em>Margarita</em>, the Fort and Town of <em>Coro</em>, the -stately City of St. <em>Jago de leon</em>, and the Town of <em>Cumana</em> -ransomed, and <em>Jamaica</em> entered.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh’s</em> voyage now to <em>Guiana</em>, discovered -by him. In which voyage he took St. <em>Joseph</em> a Town -upon <em>Trinidado</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Sabbatarian</em> doctrine published by the Brethren.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1596.</p> - -<p>The voyage to <em>Cadez</em>, Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> Rere-Admiral.</p> - -<p>The voyage of Sir <em>Anthony Sherley</em> intended for the -Island of St. <em>Tome</em>, but performed to St. <em>Jago</em>, <em>Dominga</em>, -<em>Margarita</em>, along the coast of <em>Terra Firma</em> to the Island -of <em>Jamaica</em>, situated between 17 and 18 degrees of the -North-poles elevation (which he conquered, but held it -not long) from thence to the bay of <em>Hondurus</em>, 30 leagues -up <em>Rio dolce</em>, and homeward by <em>New-found-land</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1597.</p> - -<p>The voyage to the <em>Azores</em>, Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> Capt. -of the Queens Guard Rere-Admiral.</p> - -<p><em>Porto Rico</em>, taken by the Earl of <em>Cumberland</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_183"></a>[183]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1599.</p> - -<p>The Grand <em>Canary</em> taken by the <em>Dutch</em> Commander -<em>Vanderdoes</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1600.</p> - -<p>[p. 243.] The Colonies in <em>Virginia</em> supplyed by publick -purse.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1602.</p> - -<p>Queen <em>Elizabeth</em> dyed <em>March</em> the Four and twentieth.</p> - -<p>King <em>James</em> began to Raign.</p> - -<p>The North parts of <em>Virginia</em>, i. e. <em>New-England</em> further -discovered by Capt. <em>Bartholomew Gosnold</em>, some will -have him to be the first discoverer.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>George Weymouth’s</em> voyage to discover the North-west -passage.</p> - -<p>Divers of our <em>English</em> in the North of <em>England</em> entered -into a Covenant of worshipping of God.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1603.</p> - -<p>King <em>James</em> came into <em>England</em>, the fifth of <em>April</em>.</p> - -<p>Monsieur <em>Champlains</em> voyage to <em>Canada</em>.</p> - -<p><em>November</em> the seventeenth Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> Arraigned -and Condemned.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1604.</p> - -<p>Monsieur <em>du Point</em> and <em>du Monts</em> voyage to <em>Canada</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1605.</p> - -<p>Monsieur <em>du Point</em> and <em>du Monts</em> remove the <em>French</em> -habitation to <em>Port-Royal</em>.</p> - -<p><em>James Halle’s</em> voyage to <em>Groenland</em>, and to find out the -North-west passage.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1606.</p> - -<p>[p. 244.] The province of <em>Main</em> possessed by the <em>English</em> -by publick Authority King <em>James</em>, Sir <em>John Popham</em>, -&c.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_184"></a>[184]</span></p> - -<p>A Colony first sent to <em>New-England</em> by Sir <em>John Popham</em> -chief Justice of the Common pleas.</p> - -<p><em>James-town</em> founded in <em>Virginia</em>.</p> - -<p><em>James Halls</em> second voyage, to find out the North-west -passage.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Knight</em> his North-west voyage, lost his ship -sunk by the Ice.</p> - -<p>A Colony sent to <em>Virginia</em>, called by the <em>Indians Wingandacoa</em>, -the first that took firm possession there.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1607.</p> - -<p><em>Plimouth</em> Plantation in <em>New-England</em> attempted.</p> - -<p>St. <em>Georges</em> Fort built at the mouth of the River <em>Sagadahoc</em>, -under the Presidency of Capt. <em>George Popham</em> and -Capt. <em>Ralph Gilbert</em>, who built the Fort.</p> - -<p><em>James Halls</em> third voyage to find out the North-west -passage.</p> - -<p><em>Hudsons</em> first voyage to find out the North-west passage.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1608.</p> - -<p><em>Virginia</em> planted.</p> - -<p>A Colony sent to <em>New-found-land</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 245.] Capt. <em>John Smith</em> fished now for <em>Whales</em> at -<em>Monhiggen</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Hudsons</em> second voyage to the North-west met a <em>Mermaid</em> -in the Sea. That there be such Creatures see <em>Plinie</em>, -<em>Albertus Magnus</em>, <em>Aristotle</em>, <em>Elian</em>, <em>Theodorus Gaza</em>, <em>Alexander</em> -of <em>Alexandria</em>, <em>Gorgius Trapozensus</em>, <em>Jul. Scaliger</em>, -<em>Stows Annals in</em> Anno Dom. 1204. at <em>Oreford</em> in -<em>Suffolk</em> a <em>Mareman</em> taken.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1609.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Thomas Gales</em> and Sir <em>George Summers</em> going to -<em>Virginia</em>, suffered shipwrack upon the <em>Bermudos-Islands</em> -where they continued till 1610.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_185"></a>[185]</span></p> - -<p><em>Hudsons</em> third voyage to <em>New-found-land</em> discovered -<em>Mohegan</em>-River in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Dutch</em> set down by <em>Mohegan</em>-River.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1610.</p> - -<p>Capt <em>Whitburns</em> voyage to discover the North-west passage, -saw a <em>Mermaid</em> in the harbour of St. <em>Johns</em> at <em>New-found-land</em> -by the River side.</p> - -<p><em>Hudsons</em> last and fatal voyage to discover the North-west -passage, where he was frozen to death.</p> - -<p><em>Dales-gift</em> founded in <em>Virginia</em>.</p> - -<p>Sundry of the <em>English</em> nation removed out of the North -of <em>England</em> into the <em>Netherlands</em>, and gathered a Church -at <em>Leyden</em>, where they continued until the year 1620.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1611.</p> - -<p>[p. 246.] Sir <em>Thomas Dale</em> Governour of <em>Virginia</em>.</p> - -<p>The famous Arch-Pirate <em>Peter Easton</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1612.</p> - -<p><em>Bermudus</em> first planted, and Mr. <em>R. Moore</em> sent over -Governour, the first that planted a Colony in the <em>Bermudus</em>.</p> - -<p><em>James Halls</em> fourth voyage to discover the North-west -passage, was slain by the Savages.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>Buttons</em> voyage to discover the North-west passage.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1613.</p> - -<p><em>Port-Royal</em> destroyed by Sir <em>Samuel Argol</em> Governour -of <em>Virginia</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Rolf</em> a Gentleman of good behaviour fell in -love with <em>Pocahontas</em>, the only Daughter of <em>Powhaton</em> a -King in <em>Virginia</em> and married her, she was Christened -and called the Lady <em>Rebecca</em>, and dyed at <em>Gravesend</em> <em>Anno -Dom.</em> 1617. Sir <em>Lewis Stukely</em> brought up her Son -<em>Thomas Rolf</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_186"></a>[186]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1614.</p> - -<p><em>Bermudus</em> planted further.</p> - -<p><em>Powhatons</em> Daughter in <em>Virginia</em> Christened <em>Rebecca</em>.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>Gibbins</em> voyage to find out the North-west passage.</p> - -<p><em>New-Netherlands</em> began to be planted [p. 247.] upon -<em>Mohegan</em>-River, Sir <em>Samuel Argol</em> routed them.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1615.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Richard Hawkins</em> voyage into those parts of <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1616.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>Gibbins</em> second voyage to find out the North-west -passage.</p> - -<p>A new supply sent by Capt. <em>Daniel Tucker</em> to the <em>Bermudus</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Pocahontas</em> and Mr. <em>Rolf</em> her Husband went for <em>England</em> -with Sir <em>Thomas Dale</em>, and arrived at <em>Plimouth</em> the -12 of <em>June</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1617.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Walter Rawleighs</em> last and unfortunate voyage to -<em>Guiana</em>, where he took St. <em>Thome</em> the only Town of <em>Guiana</em> -possessed by the <em>Spaniards</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1618.</p> - -<p>The Comet or blazing-star whose motion was by some -observed to be from East to West.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1619.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Walter Rawleigh</em> beheaded in the Parliament yard.</p> - -<p><em>Bermudus-Islands</em> divided into Tribes and Cantreds, to -each tribe a Burrough.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1620.</p> - -<p>The <em>English</em> in <em>Virginia</em> divided into several Burroughs.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_187"></a>[187]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1620.</p> - -<p>[p. 248.] Letters Patents obtained from King <em>James</em> -for the Northern part of <em>Virginia</em> i. e. <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>In <em>July</em> sundry of the <em>English</em> set sail from <em>Holland</em> for -<em>Southampton</em>.</p> - -<p><em>August</em> the fift, they set sail from <em>Southampton</em> for <em>America</em>, -and arrived the Eleventh of <em>November</em> at <em>Cape-Cod</em>, -where they entered into a body politick, and chose one -Mr. <em>John Carver</em> their Governour, calling the place where -they settled <em>New-Plimouth</em>: in <em>January</em> and <em>February</em> following -was a mortality among the <em>English</em>, which swept -away half the Company.</p> - -<p>Mrs. <em>Susanna White</em> delivered of a Son at <em>new-Plimouth</em>, -Christened <em>Peregrine</em>; he was the first of the <em>English</em> -that was born in <em>new-England</em>, and was afterwards the -Lieutenant of the Military Company of <em>Marshfield</em> in -<em>Plimouth</em> Colony.</p> - -<p><em>New-Plimouth</em> built, the first Town in <em>new-England</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Squanto</em> an <em>Indian</em> in <em>new-England</em>, carried into <em>England</em> -by Mr. <em>Hunt</em> a Master of a Ship, but brought home -again by Mr. <em>Dormer</em> a Gentleman imployed by Sir <em>Ferdinando -Gorges</em> for discovery.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1621.</p> - -<p>[p. 249.] <em>April</em>, Mr. <em>John Carver</em> Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -dyed, and Mr. <em>William Brandford</em> was chosen -Governour.</p> - -<p>The Natives in <em>Virginia</em> murdered about 340 <em>English</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1622.</p> - -<p>The Fort at <em>new-Plimouth</em> built: a great drought this -Summer, from <em>May</em> the Third, till the middle of <em>July</em> -there was no Rain.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_188"></a>[188]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Weston</em> Merchant sent over 67 lusty men -who settled themselves in a part of the <em>Massachusets-bay</em>, -now called <em>Weymouth</em>.</p> - -<p>The order of the Knights of <em>Novascotia</em> ordained by -King <em>James</em> Hereditarie, they wear an <em>Orange</em> tawny -Ribbin.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Ferdinando Gorges</em> Patent for the province of <em>Main</em> -in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>The <em>Dutch</em> tortured the <em>English</em> at <em>Amboina</em>, 1623.</p> - -<p><em>Westons</em> plantation wholly ruined by their disorders.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Robert Gorge</em>, Sir <em>Ferdinando Gorges</em> Brother arrived -in <em>Plimouth</em>, and began a Plantation of the <em>Massachusets-bay</em>, -having Commission from the Council of -<em>New-England</em> to be general Governour of the Countrey, -carrying over one Mr. <em>Morrel</em> a Minister, [p. 250.] but -being discouraged, he returned for <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p>A fire at <em>Plimouth</em>, which did considerable dammage, -several of the Inhabitants through discontent and casualties -removed into <em>Virginia</em>.</p> - -<p>Three thousand <em>English</em> now upon the <em>Bermudus</em> ten -Forts, and in those ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1624.</p> - -<p>The number of Magistrates increased to five now at -<em>New-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>The first neat Cattle carried over into <em>New-England</em> to -<em>New-Plimouth</em> was three Heifers and a Bull.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1625.</p> - -<p>St. <em>Christophers-Island</em> planted now by the <em>English</em> 25 -leagues in compass, a great many little Rivers, in 17 degrees -and 25 minutes.</p> - -<p>King <em>James</em> dyed in 1625, and King <em>Charles</em> the first -began his Raign <em>March</em> the seven and twentieth.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_189"></a>[189]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1627.</p> - -<p>The first distribution of Lands amongst the Inhabitants -of <em>New-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>A Colony of <em>English</em> planted upon the Island of <em>Barbados</em>, -which in a short time increased to 20000, besides -<em>Negroes</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1628.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> arrived in <em>New-England</em> [p. 251.] -with some number of people, and set down first by <em>Cape-Ann</em>, -at a place called afterwards <em>Gloster</em>, but their abiding -place was at <em>Salem</em>, where they built the first Town in -the <em>Massachusets</em> Patent.</p> - -<p>The <em>Indians</em> at the <em>Massachusets</em>, were at that time by -sickness decreased from 30000 to 300.</p> - -<p><em>Nevis</em> or <em>Mevis</em> planted now by the <em>English</em> 3 or 4000 -upon it.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Morton</em> of <em>Merrimount</em> taken prisoner by the <em>Massachusets</em>, -and sent into <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1629.</p> - -<p>Three ships arrived at <em>Salem</em> bringing a great number -of passengers from <em>England</em>; infectious diseases amongst -them.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Endicot</em> chosen Governour.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Higginson</em>, Mr. <em>Skelton</em> and Mr. <em>Bright</em> Ministers -arrived, upon the fift of <em>August</em> was the first Church in -the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony gathered at <em>Salem</em>, from which -year to this present year is 45 years, in the compass of -these years in this Colony, there hath been gathered forty -Churches, and 120 Towns built in all the Colonies of -<em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>The Church of <em>new-Plimouth</em>, was planted in <em>New-England</em> -eight years before others.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_190"></a>[190]</span></p> - -<p>The book of Common-prayer pleaded [p. 252.] for, and -practised in <em>Massachusets</em> Colony by two of the Patentees, -but was at last prohibited by the Authority there.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1630.</p> - -<p>The Tenth of <em>July</em>, <em>John Winthorp</em> Esq; and the Assistants -arrived in <em>New-England</em>, with the Patent for the -<em>Massachusets</em>, they landed on the North-side of <em>Charles</em> -River, with him went over Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em>, Mr. <em>Isaac -Johnson</em>, Esquires; Mr. <em>John Wilson</em>, Mr. <em>George Philips</em>, -Mr. <em>Maverich</em> (the Father of Mr. <em>Samuel Maverich</em>, one -of his Majesties Commissioners) Mr. <em>Wareham</em> Ministers.</p> - -<p>The passage of the people in the Eagle, and nine other -Vessels to <em>New-England</em> came to 9500 pounds. The -Swine, Goats, Sheep, Neat and Horses cost to transport -12000 pounds, besides the price they cost. The <em>Eagle</em> -was called the <em>Arabella</em> in honour of the Lady <em>Arabella</em>, -wife to <em>Isaac Johnson</em> Esq; they set down first upon <em>Noddles-Island</em>, -the Lady <em>Arabella</em> abode at <em>Salem</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Isaac Johnson</em> a Magistrate of the <em>Massachusets</em>, -and his Lady dyed soon after their arrival.</p> - -<p><em>John Winthorp</em> Esq; chosen Governour, for the remainder -of the year, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>Simon Broadstreet</em> Secretary.</p> - -<p>[p. 253.] <em>Charles-town</em>, the first town built.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Higginson</em> Teacher of <em>Salem</em> Church dyed.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1630.</p> - -<p>A very sharp winter in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1631.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>John Smith</em> Governour of <em>Virginia</em>, and Admiral -of <em>New-England</em> now dyed in <em>London</em>.</p> - -<p><em>John Winthorp</em> Esq; chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em>. -Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_191"></a>[191]</span></p> - -<p>Sir <em>Richard Saltingstall</em> went for <em>New-England</em>, set -down at <em>Water-town</em>.</p> - -<p>Five Churches gathered this year, the first at <em>Boston</em> -Mr. <em>John Wilson</em> Pastor, the second at <em>Water-town</em>, by Mr. -<em>Philips</em>, the third at <em>Dorchester</em> by Mr. <em>Maverick</em> and Mr. -<em>Wareham</em>, the fourth at <em>Roxbury</em> by Mr. <em>Eliot</em>, the fifth -at <em>Linn</em> by Mr. <em>Stephen Batcheler</em> their first Teacher.</p> - -<p>Dr. <em>Wilson</em> gave 1000 pound to <em>New-England</em>, with -which they stored themselves with great Guns.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1632.</p> - -<p><em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> -Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Christopher Gardiner</em> descended of the house of -<em>Gardiner</em> Bishop of <em>Winchester</em>, Knighted at <em>Jerusalem</em> of -the Sepulcher, [p. 254.] arrived in <em>New-England</em> with a -comely young woman his Concubine, settled himself in -the Bay of <em>Massachusets</em>, was rigidly used by the Magistrates, -and by the Magistrates of <em>New-Plimouth</em> to which -place he retired.</p> - -<p>A terrible cold winter in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1633.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Edward Winslow</em> chosen Governour of <em>New-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>The number of Magistrates at <em>New-Plimouth</em> increase -to seven.</p> - -<p>An infectious feaver amongst the Inhabitants of <em>New-Plimouth</em>, -whereof many dyed.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Hooker</em>, <em>Mr. Hains</em> and Mr. <em>Cotton</em> Ministers -arrived in <em>New-England</em> all in one ship, and Mr.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_192"></a>[192]</span> -<em>Stone</em> and Mr. <em>William Collier</em> a liberal Benefactor to the -Colony of <em>New-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Cotton</em> chosen Teacher of the first Church at -<em>Boston</em>.</p> - -<p>A Church at <em>Cambridge</em> gathered by Mr. <em>Thomas -Hooker</em> their first Pastor.</p> - -<p>Great swarms of strange flyes up and down the Countrey, -which was a presage of the following mortality.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1634.</p> - -<p>[p. 255.] Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>New-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, and Mr. <em>Roger Ludlow</em> Deputy-Governour.</p> - -<p>The Countrey now was really placed in a posture of -War, to be in readiness at all times.</p> - -<p>In the Spring a great sickness among the <em>Indians</em>, by -the small pox.</p> - -<p>The <em>Pequets</em> War with the <em>Narragansets</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Skelton</em> Pastor to the Church at <em>Salem</em> dyed.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Norton</em>, and Mr. <em>Thomas Shepherd</em> arrive in -<em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Ipswich</em>, the first Pastor Mr. <em>Nathaniel -Ward</em>.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Newberry</em>.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>Stone</em> turn’d Pirate, at the <em>Dutch</em> plantation.</p> - -<p>The cruel Massacre of Capt. <em>Stone</em> and Capt. <em>Norton</em> at -<em>Connecticut-River</em>, by the Pequet <em>Indians</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1635.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Haines</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_193"></a>[193]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Zachary Sims</em> arrived in <em>New-England</em>, and Mr. -<em>Richard Bellingham</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 256.] This year Eleven Ministers arrived in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Norton</em> Teacher at <em>Ipswich</em>, Mr. <em>Richard Mather</em> -Teacher at <em>Dorchester</em>.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Henry Vain</em> Junior, arrived in <em>New-England</em>, Mr. -<em>Richard Saltingstal</em>, Sir <em>Richard Saltingstal’s</em> Son, Mr. -<em>Roger Harlackenden</em>, and <em>Hugh Peters</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Hugh Peters</em> chosen Pastor of <em>Salem</em>.</p> - -<p>A Church at <em>Hartford</em> in the Colony of <em>Connecticut</em> -now gathered.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>New-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>William Gorges</em>, Sir <em>Ferdinando Gorges</em> Nephew -sent over Governour of the province of <em>Main</em>, then called -new <em>Sommersetshire</em>.</p> - -<p>Saturday the 15 of <em>August</em>, an Hurrican or mighty -storm of wind and rain, which did much hurt in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1636.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Henry Vane</em> Junior, Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, <em>John Winthorp</em> Esq; Deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>Roger Harlackenden</em> leader of their military Forces.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Edward Winslow</em> a <em>Worcestershire</em> man born, -chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> Colony.</p> - -<p><em>Connecticut</em> Colony planted.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Oldham</em> murthered in his Barque by the <em>Indians</em> -of <em>Block-Island</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 257.] A Church gathered at <em>Hingham</em>, Mr. <em>Peter -Hubbord</em> arrived now in <em>New-England</em> Teacher at <em>Hingham</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_194"></a>[194]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Flint</em>, Mr. <em>Carter</em>, Mr. <em>Walton</em>, Ministers arrived -now in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Fenwich</em>, Mr. <em>Partrick</em>, Mr. <em>Nathaniel Rogers</em>, and -Mr. <em>Samuel White</em>, arrived now in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>A General Court held at <em>Boston</em> against Mrs. <em>Hutchinson</em> -the <em>American</em> Jezabel, <em>August</em> the 30. where the opinions -and errors of Mrs. <em>Hutchinson</em> and her Associats 80 -errors were condemned.</p> - -<p>A Counsel at <em>New-town</em> about the same business <em>October</em> -the second, and at <em>Boston</em> again.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1637.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>New-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Wenthorp</em> chosen Governour of <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> chosen Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p><em>New-haven</em> Colony began now, Mr. <em>Eaton</em> chosen Governour, -<em>John Davenport</em> Pastor.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Hopkins</em> arrived now in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>A second Church gathered at <em>Dedham</em>, Mr. <em>John Allen</em> -Pastor.</p> - -<p>The Pequets wars, in which war the <em>English</em> slew and -took prisoners about 700 <em>Indians</em>, [p. 258.] amongst which -13 of their <em>Sachems</em> to the great terror of the Natives, -they sent the male children of the <em>Pequets</em> to the <em>Bermudus</em>.</p> - -<p>This year the <em>Antinomian</em> and <em>Familistical</em> errors were -broached in the Countrey, especially at <em>Boston</em>.</p> - -<p>A Synod called, which condemned these errors.</p> - -<p>A General Court held at <em>New-town</em> against Mrs. <em>Hutchinson</em> -and the rest.</p> - -<p>Mrs. <em>Hutchinson</em> and others banished by the Magistrates -of the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_195"></a>[195]</span></p> - -<p>A hideous monster born at <em>Boston</em> of one Mrs. <em>Mary -Dyer</em>.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Henry Vane</em> and the Lord <em>Lee</em> returned for <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p>The Ministers that went for <em>New-England</em> chiefly in -the ten first years, ninety four, of which returned for <em>England</em> -twenty seven, dyed in the Countrey thirty six, yet -alive in the Countrey thirty one.</p> - -<p>The number of ships that transported passengers to -<em>New-England</em>, in these times was 298 supposed: men, -women and children as near as can be ghessed 21200.</p> - -<p>The <em>Spaniards</em> took the Island of <em>Providence</em>, one of -the Summer-Islands from the English.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1638.</p> - -<p>[p. 259.] Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new -Plimouth</em> Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p>A Church now gathered at <em>Waymouth</em>, Mr. <em>Gennor</em> -Pastor, Mr. <em>Newman</em> succeeded Mr. <em>Thomas Thatcher</em>.</p> - -<p>Three <em>English</em> men put to death at <em>Plimouth</em> for robbing -and murthering an <em>Indian</em> near <em>Providence</em>.</p> - -<p><em>June</em> the second a great and terrible earthquake -throughout the Countrey.</p> - -<p><em>Samuel Gorton</em> of <em>Warwick-shire</em>, a pestilent seducer, -and blasphemous Atheist, the Author of the Sects of <em>Gortinians</em>, -banish’d <em>Plimouth</em> plantation, whipt and banished -from Road-Island, banisht the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony.</p> - -<p>Now they set up a Printing-press at <em>Boston</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em>.</p> - -<p>This year came over Mr. <em>William Thompson</em>, Mr. <em>Edmund -Brown</em>, Mr. <em>David Frisk</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_196"></a>[196]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Harvard</em> the founder of <em>Harvard</em> Colledge -at <em>Cambridge</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony, deceased, gave -700 pound to the erecting of it.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1639.</p> - -<p>[p. 260.] Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of -<em>new-Plimouth</em> Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Higginson</em> Teacher at <em>Salem</em> Church, <em>Skelton</em> pastor, -and an exhorting Elder. This was the first Church -gathered in the <em>Massachusets</em> Colony, and it increased to -43 Churches in joynt Communion with one another, and -in these Churches were about 7750 souls.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Herbert Pelham</em> now arrived in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Hampton</em>, Mr. <em>Daulton</em> pastor, -and Mr. <em>Batcheler</em> Teacher.</p> - -<p>Another Church gathered at <em>Salisbury</em>.</p> - -<p><em>October</em> the Eleventh and Twelfth, the <em>Spanish</em> Navy -was set upon by the <em>Hollander</em> in the <em>Downs</em>, they were -in all 60 sail, the <em>Spaniards</em> were beaten.</p> - -<p>A very sharp winter in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1640.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, and Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> Deputy -Governour.</p> - -<p>[p. 261.] Civil Wars began in <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Huet</em> Minister arrived in <em>New-England</em>, Mr. <em>Peck</em> -and Mr. <em>Saxton</em>.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Braintree</em>, Mr. <em>Wheelright</em> pastor.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_197"></a>[197]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Henry Dunster</em> arrived in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1641.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Glocester</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>A sharp winter in <em>New-England</em>, the harbours and salt -bayes frozen over so as passable for Men, Horses, Oxen -and Carts five weeks.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1642.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, <em>John Endicot</em> Esq; Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p>This Spring Cowes and Cattle fell from 22 pound a -Cow, to six, seven and eight pound a Cow of a sudden.</p> - -<p>A Church now gathered at <em>Woeburn</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>[p. 262.] Thirteen able Ministers now at this time in -<em>new-Plimouth</em> Jurisdiction.</p> - -<p><em>Harvard</em>-Colledge founded with a publick Library.</p> - -<p>Ministers bred in <em>New-England</em>, and (excepting about -10) in <em>Harvard</em>-Colledge, one hundred thirty two; of which -dyed in the Countrey Ten, now living eighty one, removed -to <em>England</em> forty one. <em>June</em> <em>Warwick</em> Parliament Admiral.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1643.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of the <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_198"></a>[198]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p><em>May</em> 19. the first Combination of the four united Colonies, -<em>viz.</em> <em>Plimouth</em>, <em>Massachusets</em>, <em>Connecticut</em>, and <em>new-haven</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1644.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Edward Winslow</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p><em>John Endicot</em> Esq; chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, <em>John Winthorp</em> Esq; Deputy Governour.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Haveril</em>. Mr. <em>Roger Harlackendin</em> -dyed about this time.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Reading</em> in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Wenham</em>, both in the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>[p. 263.] The Town of <em>Eastham</em> erected now by some -in <em>Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1645.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, and Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> Deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> major General.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Springfield</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1646.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em>, -Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy and Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> -major General.</p> - -<p>Two Suns appeared towards the latter end of the year.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_199"></a>[199]</span></p> - -<p>This year they drew up a body of Laws for the well -ordering of their Commonwealth (as they termed it) -printed in 1648.</p> - -<p>Three men of War arrived in <em>new-Plimouth</em> harbour -under the Command of Capt. <em>Thomas Cromwell</em>, richly -laden, a mutiny amongst the Sea-men, whereby one man -was killed.</p> - -<p>The second Synod at <em>Cambridge</em> touching the duty and -power of magistrates in matters of Religion.</p> - -<p>[p. 264.] Secondly, the nature and power of Synods.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Eliot</em> first preached to the <em>Indians</em> in their -Native language, the principal Instruments of converting -the <em>Indians</em>, Mr. <em>John Eliot</em> Senior, Mr. <em>John Eliot</em> Junior, -Mr. <em>Thomas Mayhew</em>, Mr. <em>Pierson</em>, Mr. <em>Brown</em>, Mr. -<em>James</em>, and Mr. <em>Cotton</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1647.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -Colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour, -and Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Major General.</p> - -<p>Now Mr. <em>Thomas Hooker</em> pastor of the Church at <em>Hertford</em> -dyed.</p> - -<p>The <em>Tartars</em> over-run <em>China</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1648.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -Colony.</p> - -<p><em>John Winthorp</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour, Mr. <em>John -Endicot</em> major General.</p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Andover</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_200"></a>[200]</span></p> - -<p>A Church gathered at <em>Malden</em> Mr. <em>Sarjant</em> pastor.</p> - -<p>A second Church gathered at <em>Boston</em>.</p> - -<p>A third Synod at <em>Cambridge</em> publishing the platform of -Discipline.</p> - -<p>[p. 265.] <em>Jan.</em> 30. King <em>Charles</em> the first murdered.</p> - -<p><em>Charles</em> the Second began his Raign.</p> - -<p>Their Laws in the <em>Massachusets</em> colony printed.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1649.</p> - -<p><em>John Winthorp</em> Esq; Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony <em>March</em> the 26 deceased.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour, Mr. <em>Gibbons</em> -major General.</p> - -<p>An innumerable Company of <em>Caterpillars</em> in some parts -of <em>New-England</em> destroyed the fruits of the Earth.</p> - -<p><em>August</em> the 25 Mr. <em>Thomas Shepherd</em> Pastor of <em>Cambridge</em> -Church dyed.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Phillips</em> also dyed this year.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1650.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Deputy Governour, Mr. -<em>Gibbons</em> major General.</p> - -<p>A great mortality amongst children this year in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1651.</p> - -<p>[p. 266.] Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of -<em>new-Plimouth</em> colony.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_201"></a>[201]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour, Mr. -<em>Gibbons</em> major General.</p> - -<p>The City <em>Bilbo</em> totally cover’d with waters for 15 days, -16 foot above the tops of the highest houses, the loss was -very much to the whole Kingdom, there being their stock -of dryed fish and dryed Goat the general dyet of <em>Spain</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Barbados</em> surrendred to the Parliament, its longitude -322, latitude 13 degrees, 17 or 18 miles in compass.</p> - -<p><em>Hugh Peters</em> and Mr. <em>Wells</em>, and <em>John Baker</em> returned -into <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1652.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Deputy Governour, Mr. -<em>Gibbons</em> major General.</p> - -<p><em>John Cotton</em> Teacher of <em>Boston</em> Church dyed, a Comet -was seen at the time of his sickness hanging over <em>New -England</em>, which went out soon after his death.</p> - -<p>[p. 267.] The Spirits that took Children in <em>England</em>, -said to be set awork first by the Parliament, and <em>Hugh -Peters</em> as chief Agent, Actor or Procurer.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1653.</p> - -<p><em>Oliver Cromwell</em> Usurped the Title of Protector <em>December</em> -the Sixteenth.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Deputy Governour, Mr. -<em>Gibbons</em> major General.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_202"></a>[202]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Dudley</em> Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> colony -dyed, aged about 77 years at his house at <em>Roxebury</em>, -<em>July</em> 31.</p> - -<p>A great fire at <em>Boston</em> in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1654.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Bellingham</em> Governour, <em>Endicot</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p>Major General <em>Gibbons</em> dyed this year.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1655.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony. Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em>, -<em>Bellingham</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p><em>Jamaica</em> taken by the <em>English</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1656.</p> - -<p>[p. 268.] General <em>Mountague</em> taketh <em>Spanish</em> prizes.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony, Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em>, -Mr. <em>Francis Willowby</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1657.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>William Bradford</em> now dyed. Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> -Governour, <em>Bellingham</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Theophilus Eaton</em> Governour of <em>New-haven</em> colony -dyed.</p> - -<p>Fifth monarchy-men rebell.</p> - -<p>The Quakers arrive at <em>new-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1658.</p> - -<p><em>Oliver Cromwell</em> dyed <em>September</em> the third.</p> - -<p><em>Richard Cromwell</em> set up.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_203"></a>[203]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em>, -<em>Bellingham</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p>A great Earth-quake in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Ralph Partrick</em> minister at <em>Ruxbury</em> now deceased.</p> - -<p><em>John Philips</em> of <em>Marshfield</em> slain by thunder and lightning.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1659.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>[p. 269.] Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the -<em>Massachusets</em> colony.</p> - -<p>The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Countrey.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Henry Dunster</em> first President of <em>Harvard</em> Colledge -deceased.</p> - -<p><em>Richard Cromwel</em> ended <em>May</em> the seventh.</p> - -<p>The Rump Parliament <em>December</em> the six and twentieth -put down.</p> - -<p><em>William Robinson</em>, <em>Marmaduke Stevenson</em>, and <em>Mary -Dyer</em> Quakers of <em>Rhod Island</em> sentenced to suffer death -by Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> colony, -which accordingly was executed within a day or two, -the prisoners being guarded by Capt. <em>James Oliver</em> with -200 Souldiers to the place of Execution, where the two -men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gallows -and banished.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1660.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_204"></a>[204]</span></p> - -<p><em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Bellingham</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p><em>James Pierce</em> slain by lightning at <em>new-Plimouth</em>.</p> - -<p><em>May</em> the 29 King <em>Charles</em> the Second returned into -<em>England</em>.</p> - -<p><em>June</em> the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put -upon <em>England</em> by a Brief for [p. 270.] <em>New-England</em>, -which as it appeared was produced before the King came -in, but not printed (by Mr. <em>Leach</em> in <em>Shoe-lane</em>) till <em>June</em>, -<a id="tn-204a"></a>pretending that 18 <em>Turks-men</em> of War the 24 of <em>January</em> -1659/60 landed at a Town, called <em>Kingsword</em> (alluding to -<em>Charles-town</em>) three miles from <em>Boston</em>, kill’d 40, took Mr. -<em>Sims</em> minister prisoner, wounded him, kill’d his wife and -three of his little children, carried him away with 57 -more, burnt the Town, carried them to <em>Argier</em>, their loss -amounting to 12000 pound, the <em>Turk</em> demanding 8000 -pound ransom to be paid within 7 moneths. Signed by -<em>Thomas Margets</em>, <em>Edward Calamy</em>, <em>William Jenkin</em>, <em>William -Vincent</em>, <em>George Wild</em>, <em>Joseph Caryl</em>, <em>John Menord</em>, -<em>William Cooper</em>, <em>Thomas Manton</em> Ministers.</p> - -<p><em>Hugh Peters</em> put to death the 16 of <em>October</em>.</p> - -<p><em>Thomas Venner</em> a Wine-Cooper hang’d drawn and -quartered <ins class="corr" id="tn-204" title="Transcriber’s Note—1674 text: 'Ian. 19.'"> -<em>Jan.</em> 19.</ins></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1661.</p> - -<p>The fifth Monarchy-men rise at <em>London</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Bellingham</em> Deputy.</p> - -<p>Major <em>Atherton</em> now dyed in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1662.</p> - -<p>[p. 271.] Sir <em>Henry Vane</em> beheaded, <em>June the</em> 14.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_205"></a>[205]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony.</p> - -<p><em>January</em> 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in <em>New-England</em>, -6 or 7 times in the space of Three days.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1662/1663.</p> - -<p><em>John Baker</em> unduely called Capt. <em>Baker</em>, <a id="tn-205"></a>hang’d at Tiburn, -<em>December</em> the 11 of <em>February</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1663.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Willowby</em> Deputy Governour and Mr. <em>Thomas -Leveret</em> major General.</p> - -<p><em>April</em> the fifth Mr. <em>John Norton</em> Teacher at the first -Church in <em>Boston</em> dyed suddenly.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Samuel Newman</em> Teacher at <em>Rehoboth</em> in <em>New-England</em> -now dyed.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Samuel Stone</em> Teacher of <em>Hartford</em> Church in -<em>New-England</em>, now dyed also.</p> - -<p>Several Earth-quakes this year in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>[p. 272.] <em>Charles Chancie</em> batchelor of Divinity and -President of <em>Harvard</em>-Colledge in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1664.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Francis Willowby</em> Deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>Thomas Leveret</em> Major General.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_206"></a>[206]</span></p> - -<p><em>May</em> the 20 the Kings Commissioners arrived in <em>New-England</em>, -<em>viz.</em> Sir <em>Robert Carr</em>, Colonel <em>Nicols</em>, Colonel -<em>Cartwright</em> and Mr. <em>Samuel Maverich</em>, with whom came -one Mr. <em>Archdale</em> as Agent for Mr. <em>Ferdinando Gorges</em>, -who brought to the Colony in the province of <em>Main</em>, Mr. -<em>F. Gorges</em> order from his Majesty <em>Charles</em> the Second, under -his manual, and his Majesties Letters to the <em>Massachusets</em> -concerning the same, to be restored unto the quiet -possession and enjoyment of the said province in <em>New-England</em>, -and the Government thereof, the which during -the civil Wars in <em>England</em> the <em>Massachusets</em> colony had -usurpt, and (by help of a <em>Jacobs</em> staff) most shamefully encroached -upon Mr. <em>Gorges</em> rights and priviledges.</p> - -<p>The 29 of <em>August</em>, the <em>Manadaes</em>, called <em>Novede Belgique</em>, -or New <em>Netherlands</em>, their chief Town New-<em>Amsterdam</em>, -now called [p. 273.] New-<em>Yorke</em>, Surrendered up -unto Sir <em>Robert Carr</em> and Colonel <em>Nichols</em> his Majesties -Commissioners; thirteen days after in <em>September</em> the Fort -and Town of <em>Arania</em> now called <em>Albany</em>; twelve days -after that, the Fort and Town of <em>Awsapha</em>; then <em>de la -Ware</em> Castle man’d with <em>Dutch</em> and <em>Sweeds</em>, the three first -Forts and Towns being built upon the River <em>Mohegan</em>, -otherwise called <em>Hudsons</em> River.</p> - -<p>The whole Bible Translated into the <em>Indian</em>-Tongue, -by Mr. <em>John Eliot</em> Senior, was now printed at <em>Cambridge</em> -in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p><em>December</em> a great and dreadful Comet, or blazing-star -appeared in the South-east in <em>New-England</em> for the space -of three moneths, which was accompanied with many sad -effects, great mildews blasting in the Countrey the next -Summer.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_207"></a>[207]</span></p> - -<p class="p1 center">1665.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>new-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Francis Willowby</em> Deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>Leveret</em> Major General.</p> - -<p>Two Comets or blazing-stars appeared in 4 moneths -time in <em>England</em>, <em>December</em> 1664. and in <em>March</em> following.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Endicot</em> Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> [p. -274.] colony deceased, <em>March</em> the three and twentieth.</p> - -<p>Capt. <em>Davenport</em> kill’d with lightning as he lay on his -bed at the Castle by <em>Boston</em> in <em>New-England</em>, and several -wounded.</p> - -<p>Wheat exceedingly blasted and mildewed in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>A thousand foot sent this year by the <em>French</em> King to -<em>Canada</em>.</p> - -<p>Colonel <em>Cartwright</em> in his voyage for <em>England</em> was -taken by the <em>Dutch</em>.</p> - -<p>The Isle of <em>Providence</em> taken by the <em>English</em> Buccaneers, -<em>Puerto Rico</em> taken and plundered by the <em>English</em> Buccaneers -and abandoned.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1666.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Francis Willowby</em> Deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>Leveret</em> major General.</p> - -<p>St. <em>Christophers</em> taken by the <em>French</em>.</p> - -<p><em>July</em> the Lord <em>Willowby</em> of <em>Parham</em> cast away in a -<em>Hurricane</em> about the <em>Caribby-Islands</em>.</p> - -<p>The small pox at <em>Boston</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em> colony.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_208"></a>[208]</span></p> - -<p>Three kill’d in a moment by a blow of Thunder at -<em>Marshfield</em> in <em>New-Plimouth</em> [p. 275.] colony, and four at -<em>Pascataway</em> colony, and divers burnt with lightning, a -great whirlwind at the same time.</p> - -<p>This year also <em>New-England</em> had cast away and taken -Thirty one Vessels, and some in 1667.</p> - -<p>The mildews and blasting of Corn still continued.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1667.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>New-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Fr. Willowby</em> Deputy Governour, -and Mr. <em>Leveret</em> major General.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>Robert Carr</em> dyed next day after his arrival at <em>Bristow</em> -in <em>England</em> <em>June</em> the first.</p> - -<p>Several vollies of shot heard discharged in the Air at -<em>Nantascot</em> two miles from <em>Boston</em> in the <em>Massachusets</em> colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Davenport</em> chosen pastor of the Independent -Church at <em>Boston</em>.</p> - -<p>In <em>March</em> there appeared a sign in the Heavens in the -form of a Spear, pointing directly to the <em>West</em>.</p> - -<p>Sir <em>John Harman</em> defeated the <em>French</em> Fleet at the -<em>Caribbes</em>.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>John Wilson</em> Pastor of <em>Boston</em> Church in the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony 37 years now [p. 276.] dyed, aged 79, he -was Pastor of that Church three years before Mr. <em>Cotton</em>, -twenty years with him, ten years with Mr. <em>Norton</em>, and -four years after him.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1668.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>New-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_209"></a>[209]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Fr. Willowby</em> Deputy Governour, -and Mr. <em>Leveret</em> major General.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Samuel Shepherd</em> Pastor of <em>Rowley</em> Church dyed.</p> - -<p><em>April</em> the 27 Mr. <em>Henry Flint</em> Teacher at <em>Braintry</em> -dyed.</p> - -<p><em>July</em> the Ninth Mr. <em>Jonathan Mitchel</em> Pastor of the -Church at <em>Cambridge</em> dyed, he was born at <em>Halifax</em> in -<em>Yorkeshire</em> in <em>England</em>, and was brought up in <em>Harvard-Colledge</em> -at <em>Cambridge</em> in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p><em>July</em> the Fifteenth, nine of the clock at night an Eclipse -of the moon, till after Eleven darkned nine digits and -thirty five minutes.</p> - -<p><em>July</em> the Seventeenth a great <em>Sperma Cæti</em> Whale Fifty -five foot long, thrown up at <em>Winter-harbour</em> by <em>Casco</em> in -the Province of <em>Main</em>.</p> - -<p><em>April</em> the Third, Fryday an Earthquake in <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1669.</p> - -<p>[p. 277.] Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Fr. Willowby</em> Deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>Leveret</em> major General.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Oxenbridge</em> chosen Pastor of the Independent -Church at <em>Boston</em>.</p> - -<p>The wonderful burning of the mountain <em>Ætna</em>, or <em>Gibella</em> -in <em>Cicilia</em> <em>March</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1670.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> chosen Governour of <em>New-Plimouth</em> -colony.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_210"></a>[210]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Fr. Willowby</em> Deputy Governour, -Mr. <em>Leveret</em> major General.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Fr. Willowby</em> Deputy Governour now dyed.</p> - -<p>At a place called <em>Kenebunch</em>, which is in the Province -of <em>Main</em>, not far from the River-side, a piece of clay ground -was thrown up by a mineral vapour (as was supposed) over -the tops of high oaks that grew between it and the River, -into the River, stopping the course thereof, and leaving a -hole Forty yards square, wherein [p. 278.] were Thousands -of clay bullets as big as musquet bullets, and pieces of -clay in shape like the barrel of a musquet. The like -accident fell out at <em>Casco</em>, One and twenty miles from it -to the Eastward, much about the same time; And fish in -some ponds in the Countrey thrown up dead upon the -banks, supposed likewise to be kill’d with mineral vapours.</p> - -<p>A wonderful number of Herrins cast up on shore at -high water in <em>Black-point-Harbour</em> in the province of -<em>Main</em>, so that they might have gone half way the leg in -them for a mile together.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thatcher</em> chosen Pastor of the Presbyterian Church -at <em>Boston</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1671.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Thomas Prince</em> Governour of new <em>Plimouth</em> colony.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. <em>Leveret</em> Deputy, and major General.</p> - -<p>Elder <em>Pen</em> now dyed at <em>Boston</em>, the <em>English</em> troubled -much with griping of the guts, and bloudy Flux, of which -several dyed.</p> - -<p><em>October</em> the Two and twentieth a Ship called the flying<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_211"></a>[211]</span> -<em>Falcon</em> of <em>Amsterdam</em>, arrived at <em>Dover</em>, having been out -since the first of <em>January</em> 1669. and been in the South-[p. 279.]Seas -in the latitude of 50 degrees, having sailed -12900 <em>Dutch</em> leagues, the master told us he made main -land, and discovered two Islands never before discovered, -where were men all hairy, Eleven foot in height.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1672.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> chosen Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony, Mr. Leveret Deputy, and major General.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1673.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Richard Bellingham</em> Governour of the <em>Massachusets</em> -colony now deceased.</p> - -<p class="p1 center">1674.</p> - -<p><em>Thomas Leveret</em> chosen Governour.</p> - -<p>Mr. <em>Simons</em> Deputy Governour.</p> - - -<p class="p4"> </p> -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="p4 pfs90 lsp2"><em>FINIS.</em></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="p4 transnote"> -<a name="TN" id="TN"></a> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>The character ſ (long-form s) has been replaced by the normal s. -A few occurrences of the ‘ct’ ligature have been replaced by the -simple ‘ct’ letter pair.</p> - -<p>The M in Mr. and the S in St. were sometimes italicized. These have -been made normal M and S.</p> - -<p>These errors were present in the original 1674 edition:<br /> -<a href="#tn-152">Pg 152</a>: ‘in the Fifttenth’ replaced by ‘in the Fifteenth’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-172">Pg 172</a>: ‘the Sixt Pope’ replaced by ‘the Sixth Pope’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-204">Pg 204</a>: ‘Ian. 19.’ replaced by ‘Jan. 19.’.<br /> -</p> - -<p>This error was introduced in the 1865 edition:<br /> -<a href="#tn-19">Pg 19</a>: ‘Fo rwo Skillets’ replaced by ‘For two Skillets’.<br /> -</p> - -<p>Other errors have been passed through without change, for example:<br /> -<a href="#tn-28">Pg 28</a>: The original text of this poem had a blank line between -each line of verse; these have been retained.<br /> -<a href="#tn-31">Pg 31</a>: Some words are clearly missing from the original text, -after “were wind bound till”.<br /> -<a href="#tn-205">Pg 205</a>: The intended date is unclear in "at Tiburn, _December_ -the 11 of _February_."<br /> -</p> -</div> - - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ACCOUNT OF TWO VOYAGES TO NEW-ENGLAND ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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