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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #66275 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66275)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Wayside Sketches in Tasmania, by S. H.
-Wintle
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Wayside Sketches in Tasmania
-
-Author: S. H. Wintle
-
-Release Date: September 11, 2021 [eBook #66275]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading
- Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
- scans of public domain works at The National Library of
- Australia.)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WAYSIDE SKETCHES IN
-TASMANIA ***
-
-
-
-
-
- WAYSIDE SKETCHES
- IN
- TASMANIA
-
- BY
- S. H. WINTLE.
-
-
- MELBOURNE:
- H. THOMAS, 80 CHANCERY LANE.
- 1880.
-
- AUTHOR’S RIGHTS RESERVED.
-
-
-
-
- NORTH-EASTERN TASMANIA.
-
- By S. H. Wintle.
-
-
- THE CORNERS.
-
-Notwithstanding that Tasmania is noted for the salubrity of its
-climate, and the magnificence of its scenery from one end of the
-island to the other, still there are localities which may claim the
-preference, perhaps, in the eyes of the visitor who is in search
-of health and the picturesque. There is no part of the beautiful
-island that offers the same attractions as the North East Coast in
-the neighborhood of George’s Bay, for here there is a combination of
-majestic grandeur with Arcadian beauty. To reach this favored locality,
-the traveller exchanges a seat in the railway car for one in a four
-wheeled conveyance at the Corners. It is very questionable if such
-another dreary, monotonous spot exists on the face of the earth as
-the Corners. Wherever the eye may wander, it meets with nothing but a
-dismal stretch of a sheep run, dotted with a few stunted, distorted
-trees, and the solitary, and still more dreary looking hotel rising
-out of the midst, while its proprietor, and those about him, have
-become hopelessly infected with the prevailing gruesome air of the
-detested spot. But this unromantic place is calculated to enhance the
-beauty of the scenes which await the visitor, and as he bowls along
-on a hematite gravelled road, as level as a billiard table, with good
-genial George Avery, the Jehu, he feels a sense of satisfaction as he
-sees the Corners fading away in the distance and the grand hills rising
-up before him. On either side of the road for some distance, he will
-see vestiges of the early days of the colony in the primitive fences
-of brushwood, and “dogleg.” In eight miles, Stoney Steps is reached
-where there is a hostelry kept by Herr Shmidt. Here the traveller for
-the first time since leaving the city, makes acquaintance with that
-most beautiful river, the picturesque South Esk. While the horses are
-being changed, he will have an opportunity of watching the falls at
-the rear of the Inn where the pellucid stream tumbles over a rugged
-barrier of basalt; and a little lower down observe how it spreads out
-into a dreamy, apparently motionless reach, reflecting the acacias,
-casuarina, and gums that thickly clothe its banks. Be the visitor an
-enthusiast in the icthyial pastime, not the least attractive feature
-of this stream in his eyes would be the fine brown trout with which
-it abounds. Fifteen miles further, through country consecrated to
-sheepdom, Avoca is reached. It is a small village or hamlet with one
-inn, two stores, and about a dozen cottages, but it is exceedingly
-picturesque, with the river St. Paul, meandering through it, and it is
-well calculated to awaken memories of what Ireland’s lyric bard wrote
-about the “Meeting of the Waters.” Those
-
-
- BLUE HILLS
-
-which the traveller saw after leaving the dismal Corners, stretching
-like a barrier in the dim distance, he is now fairly amongst. Grim,
-granite mountain heights, flanked and ribbed with the old world
-palæozoic slates and sandstones, that have been upheaved by the said
-granite from their originally horizontal position, into a nearly
-vertical one, rise on either hand before him. At the feet of those
-gracefully rounded heights, on the left hand, flows the South Esk, and
-now, and anon, the visitor will get glimpses of it through the trees
-that he is not likely to readily forget. He will observe that the
-material of the road is of a very different character to that he has
-been travelling over for some time past, since he took his seat in the
-coach. He will observe that it consists of waterworn pebbles of quartz
-and gravel. In a word, he is in an auriferous region, and that charming
-river that flows so peacefully at the feet of the high hills far
-below, is responsible for these pebbles. In the slates and sandstones
-on these hillsides, there are quartz veins and lodes containing gold
-more, or less, and these have been worn down ages ago, the result
-being that deep down in the old river bed the precious metal lies, but
-it is locked up, and the woolgrowers have the key. On the summits of
-those granite hills which are table-topped there is tin ore in small
-quantity. But we must not stay here too long to geologise, for we’ve
-many a league to traverse yet. Now are we fairly in Saintdom, for we
-have crossed St. Paul’s river, and two or three miles off the road to
-our right, rises St. Paul’s Dome――a conspicuously rounded lofty hill,
-while St. Mary’s, Mt. St. Nicholas and St. Patrick’s Head await us in
-the distance. Some of the earlier colonists who conferred these names,
-in most instances quite inappropriate, must have been deeply imbued
-with Saint Worship. The road now for many miles will skirt the ancient
-bed of the South Esk, which is perhaps the finest valley in the island;
-much of it is devoted to agriculture, but more of it to grazing.
-
-Towering far above all other hills proudly rises
-
-
- BEN LOMOND,
-
-the highest mountain but one in Tasmania, and the fountain head
-of several rivers. Here is another instance of topographical
-mis-nomenclature in Tasmania. If the truth were known, it probably, in
-no particular, resembles the Ben Lomond of Scotland. Its bold broken
-and rugged outline at once arrests the visitor’s attention. It, in this
-particular, presenting such striking contrast to the smoothly rounded
-hills in the neighborhood. This feature is due to the fact, that its
-summit consists of diorite, _i. e._ trap rock used as metal for the
-roads. The granite, as already stated, has burst through the stratified
-formations, and it in turn has been disrupted by the diorite which
-covers it with a capping, and this occurred during a far subsequent
-period known to geologists as the great Volcanic Epoch. Many, and
-diverse are the forms the outline of this mountain present as the
-traveller speeds along. At one time its southernmost part presents the
-appearance of a lion _couchant_. A mile or two further on, and this
-resemblance no longer exists, and is like anything the imagination of
-the spectator can supply. On the eastern escarpment, near the foot
-of the mountain there is coal, and also auriferous quartz lodes. The
-latter only is worked.
-
-When about half the distance to Fingal is accomplished, there is
-another short stoppage to change horses at a roadside stable, and a
-little further on the visitor sees an antiquated vestige of former days
-in the shape of a ruined dwelling. It is known as Grenbers Haunted
-House. Tradition has it, that a horrible murder was committed there in
-the early days of the colony, and no one will live in it on account of
-the nightly visitations of the ghost of the murdered man. Yonder lofty
-hill, with the peculiar cone-shaped rock-mass rising high from the
-centre of the summit, is Tower Hill, where gold mining in the quartz
-lodes is carried on with apparently not very satisfactory results.
-As the traveller proceeds along the smooth and winding road, he will
-observe that some of the cuttings have been made to a considerable
-depth through very rounded pebbles and boulders of quartz, and granite,
-interspersed occasionally with slate, sandstone, and greenstone, while
-bands of gravel are frequently interstratified. These are the ancient
-bed of the South Esk river, rolling now more than one hundred feet
-below, through the valley, and they tell him that many ages ago at
-this height that river flowed. These exposed terraces alternate with
-cuttings through the Silurian beds, exposing in vertical sections
-quartz veins, traversing the almost vertical, and very much contorted
-slates and sandstones. He has now reached “Tullochgorum,” the fine
-property of James Grant, Esq., where the neat villa is just discernible
-through the foliage of willows which surround it. In half an hour more
-he will enter the township of
-
-
- FINGAL.
-
-A quarter of a century ago this place was the scene of much stir and
-excitement, owing to it being the _locale_ where payable gold was
-first found in Tasmania. But the excitement was of comparatively brief
-duration. Much money was lost, and the place sank into unimportance.
-There are two large, substantial hotels, a bank, two or three stores, a
-jail, surrounded by a high brick wall, and a church which has remained
-unfinished for years. Immediately behind the township is an immense
-precipice several hundred feet high, as smooth on the face as a wall,
-and as vertical. This marks the line of a very extensive fault, which
-runs for many miles through the district to the East Coast. There
-is a stoppage here, long enough to enable travellers to partake of
-refreshment, post letters, or send telegrams. “All aboard” again, and
-in a very few minutes the coach is crossing the Break o’ Day rivulet
-on a very neat and substantial bridge, lately thrown across. Before
-him stretches the magnificent Break o’ Day valley, about 12 miles long
-and from 2 to 3 miles in breadth. It may be considered as an easterly
-extension of the South Esk valley. It is the cream of this part of the
-country, and is in the tight embrace of the octopus arms of two or
-three woolgrowers. According to tradition it was the haunt of one of
-the bands of bushrangers in the olden days, and many thrilling tales
-are told of the daring exploits of some of these desperadoes, as from
-the lofty heights on either side of the valley they could look down
-unperceived, and observe what was going on below. To the naturalist
-the stream that flows through the vale is of interest for the number
-and size of its freshwater mussels, (_unio_) their shining, nacreous
-shells strewing the banks――the work of the voracious cormorant. Here,
-and indeed for some miles back, at intervals along the valley of the
-South Esk he will hear a peculiar half cackling cry, and then perchance
-see an apparently wingless bird about the size and shape of a barn-door
-fowl, dart through the tall grass with the speed of the emu and make
-for the rushes and sedges which line the banks of the stream. This is
-the native hen. I have never heard of them being shot for the table,
-as an impression prevails that they are tough. The most striking
-feature about them is the remarkable speed they attain when running,
-for there are very few dogs that can catch them. The traveller is now
-passing through a district in which there is much that is geologically
-interesting and most paradoxical. High ranges shut in the valley on
-either hand. That, on the left hand with a huge precipice ascending
-from one side of a “saddle” is
-
-
- MOUNT ST. NICHOLAS,
-
-celebrated for a very thick seam of coal and three or four smaller ones
-which make their appearance on the side of the range 500 feet above the
-valley. The large seam is 16 feet in thickness, but the coal, although
-bituminous, is of a quality that renders it unfit for steam, or gas
-making purposes. For one or two inches of good bright coal, there are
-on the average from 12 to 15 inches of inferior earthy matter――in fine
-bituminized clay. On the opposite side of the valley this seam again
-appears at the same altitude at Mt. Legion 4 or 5 miles away, and
-again at the back of Fingal. There is a bullock dray road to the big
-seam, which is surrounded by some very romantic bits of scenery. For
-500 feet above the upper seam of coal, volcanic rock obtains, which on
-the summit of the hill rises in very fine columns, a characteristic of
-the greenstone of the same age in Tasmania. The beds of clay above and
-below the coal furnish very fine specimens of fossil ferns conspicuous
-among which, are the tongue-fern _Glossopteris_, the wedge-fern
-_Sphenopteris_, the nerve-fern _Neuropteris_ and the tooth-fern
-_Odontopteris_. All of which are long since extinct it is believed.
-
-That mansion just discernible through the poplar and other acclimatised
-trees on the right hand of the visitor, is Killymoon, the largest and
-most imposing structure in the district, and is the residence of S.
-Ransome, Esq. Its founder, the late Mr. Steiglitz, was evidently a man
-of good architectural taste, and in it one is strongly reminded of much
-that characterises the structures of medieval times. The freestone of
-which it is built was quarried close by, and is associated with the
-coal seams. It possesses the remarkable property of resisting, to a
-great degree, the action of fire, and in this respect much resembles
-itacolumite sandstone, which is employed for the floor of furnaces
-occasionally in Europe. When it is closely examined it is found to
-consist of small, well rounded grains of quartz, bound together by an
-argillo-siliceous cement.
-
-The visitor is now passing through Cullenswood, by which name this part
-of the Break o’ Day valley is known. A few cottages, and cultivated
-fields, with a church and its resting place for the dead, are its chief
-features. Two miles further on it merges into St. Mary’s. This village
-boasts one inn, one general store, and a smithy. The inn is situated
-on the brink of a clear, cool mountain stream which is never failing.
-St. Patrick’s Head, with its perfect pyramid form, rises grandly in
-front, while another conspicuous, though less aspiring hill, the Black
-Elephant, forms the eastern boundary of the vale. Horses are changed at
-the inn and soon the traveller is being hurled merrily along through
-an avenue of fine old wattle trees, whose branches meet over-head,
-and if it be Spring time the perfume from their golden blossoms
-is intoxicating. He must now be prepared to witness in a very few
-minutes, one of the grandest sights in natural scenery of the Southern
-hemisphere. There are few persons who have resided long enough in these
-colonies to become acclimatised that have not heard of
-
-
- ST. MARY’S PASS.
-
-It is a proverb, “See Venice and die,” I would say, See St. Mary’s
-Pass, and _live_ to describe it if you can (for it will sorely tax your
-descriptive powers, be they ever so good) to your friends. It alone
-is worth travelling a thousand miles to behold where expense is not a
-consideration.
-
-From the time the last inn was left, the road gradually ascends a
-gentle acclivity, and when the top is gained the visitor is at the
-entrance of the Pass. An abrupt turn of the road, and lo! opening
-far beneath him on his left hand, is a yawning gulf, with almost
-perpendicular mountains ascending on both sides. From this point it is
-_facilis descensus_. As he looks down the awful chasm from the narrow
-rock-hewn road, he involuntary recoils with a shudder. Genial George
-observes this, for he was prepared for it, and a suppressed smile,
-with a humorous twinkle in his eye records it. Whatever exclamation of
-surprise, fear, or appreciation of the sublime grandeur of the scene,
-may escape the lips of the traveller, it is drowned with a crack of the
-whip and “Come, get along there, lazy bones” as the vehicle rattles
-over the adamantine, tortuous road, leaving barely room for a foot
-passenger to pass between it and the verge of the gorge; for there is
-no fence, except at very sharp turns of the road. Down――down――down,
-sweeps the terrible gulf. Higher――higher――higher, ascend the
-tree-crowned heights, and looking from the road, the traveller feels
-it would be possible to shoot a bird on the opposite side. There is
-not a foot of ground but what is densely covered with timber and
-undergrowth. Far below, in the cool mossy depths can be seen the ever
-beautiful plume-fronded fern trees, waving in graceful undulations with
-the breeze, born of the great chasm; their tender green, contrasting
-favorably with the darker, harder hue of the surrounding gum trees.
-High over the tops of patriarchal forest giants, the eye sweeps
-the great abyss and through the ambient air, can distinctly see the
-mosses of green and gold draping the rocks and trees in the depths of
-those sunless shades. It may be Spring time, and if so the blossom of
-a wattle tree here and there, stands out in strong relief among the
-myrtles and sassafras, scenting the air with its rich perfume. Another
-turn of the Pass, and there is a stone trough at which man and horse
-may drink of water as pellucid and cool as the pendant dew-drops. A
-mountain rill, which is almost vertical, comes leaping down in tiny
-falls, and is then conducted by a little flume into the stone trough.
-At one time the pass appears to have turned back on itself――at another
-it is taking a course at right angles――so numerous and acute are its
-windings as it rounds the heads of the many gullies. Considering that
-the pace at which the coach is being driven, which is very little,
-if indeed, anything less than that before the Pass was reached,
-apprehension of danger in the coolest and most courageous spirits is
-excusable, but the horses as well as driver know their work so well
-that a mishap is of very rare occurrence while a fatal accident as far
-as I know, has never yet been chronicled. St. Patrick’s Head which
-the visitor saw from St. Mary’s rising into the upper air, like a
-mighty pyramid he is now careering along. A little over two miles of
-the descent is accomplished, when another sharp turn unfolds to view
-the boundless ocean rolling in long lines of foaming, curling, surges
-on the shore――the hollow booming roar of which, is, and has been for
-some time past distinctly audible. That little hamlet consisting of
-one weather-boarded inn, and barely half a dozen primitive cottages
-is Falmouth. The inn which stands on a small headland overlooking the
-surf-beaten shore, is as solitary-looking as a light-house. Down,
-and still down, with its apparently endless windings, goes the Pass.
-Deeper and still deeper seems to grow the mighty gorge. On one hand
-is a high wall of rock, produced by forming the road. It is compact
-greenstone, _i.e._ trap rock, and testifies to the vast amount of
-labor and engineering skill in constructing the Pass in days long
-past. High overhead the mountain soars, and huge masses of rock are
-impending like Damocles sword, and seem ready to come thundering down
-on the slightest provocation, carrying destruction and death in their
-course. This threatening aspect have they presented for untold ages,
-and for untold ages it they may maintain. Much room for marvel there
-is as to how the trees continue to grow and hold their own on such
-steep mountain slopes, looking much like Natural Selection at fault.
-But then gumtrees in Tasmania will grow anywhere. Here, and there,
-the gracefully formed, and tender green foliaged _Exocarpus_ (native
-cherry tree), and the lightwood tree fringe the edges of the Pass. For
-eight miles the traveller winds along this remarkable chasm and then
-finds himself on the sandy plateau of Falmouth at the bottom, with
-the heaving ocean in front, and a large sheet of imprisoned seawater
-on his left hand, into which the collected waters of the gorge empty
-themselves. That large and commanding brick house standing by itself is
-the residence of Mr. Steele, who owns all the available land for dairy
-farming in the locality. Horses are changed at the inn where dinner
-can be had and then a start is made to cross the Styx, but genial
-George, in this case, is old _Charon_. From Saintdom we have entered
-the regions of classical history, and instead of being rowed over the
-Styx we go through it on wheels. Somewhat exciting is the transit, the
-horses belly deep, and the traveller has to lift his feet till his
-knees are level with his nose, while the wheels of the coach stir up
-the black mud which emits the antithesis of an agreeable odor. This
-continues for about a mile. The road now runs along the sea shore, and
-is separated from the surf-beaten beach by sand dunes, covered with
-stunted vegetation, chiefly boobyalla. There are 16 miles of sand road
-between Falmouth and George’s Bay to which latter place I will assume
-the visitor is going. It is one of the most trying roads to horses in
-the island. Flat, swampy land, stretches for nearly two thirds of the
-distance. Where swamps do not obtain, a profusion of gay blossoming
-heath, chiefly _epacridae_, and the elegant and sand loving grass tree
-clothe the ground. After crossing the Styx, and having proceeded a
-mile, the picturesque Scamander river is reached. It is spanned by a
-very neat and substantial bridge lately built. The old bridge in ruins
-is seen a short distance on the right. If the traveller be a classical
-man, he will find the topographical nomenclature of this region awaken
-associations of his _Alma Mater_. I do not know whether the old-world
-Scamander was distinguished for good fishing, but I do know that this
-one offers splendid attractions to the lovers of the rod and line. The
-water is half salt and half fresh, being separated from the sea by a
-sand bar. During rough weather, the waves break over this bar and when
-there is a fresh in the river the reverse action takes place. The water
-is always beautifully clear, and large bream, and perch can be seen,
-in untold numbers, swimming about among the seaweed. But they are often
-very shy of the bait, owing, it is supposed to there being an abundance
-of their natural food.
-
-To the naturalist the long beach offers great attractions. Close to
-the sandbar of the Styx there are numerous rock pools where anemonies,
-chitons, a large variety of _Radiata_, and choice algae abound. Add
-to these, a profusion of sponge and litoral shellfishes. Dead shells
-strew the beach in myriads, and it is owing to this feature that many
-families make Falmouth a place of resort during the summer season. Five
-or six miles from Falmouth
-
-
- THE LAGOON
-
-is reached. This is a picturesque sheet of imprisoned sea water into
-which two or three streams disembogue. This lagoon is a favorite haunt
-of that strange bird the Musk Duck which on the near approach of man
-darts along the surface of the water with great speed, by using their
-rudimentary wings as paddles, with which they beat the water into foam,
-uttering at the same time a peculiarly discordant cry. The great dunes
-of blown sea sand shut out the ocean from view for a great part of the
-distance to George’s Bay, but the deafening roar of the surf is an
-accompaniment all the way. At Freshwater Creek, where a stream flows
-through a compact reticulation of rushes, sedges, and ferns, horses are
-changed. We are now half way to the township of St. Helens. Densely
-timbered heights on the one hand, the ocean on the other, and a gay
-blossoming heath-covered _parterre_ intervening. A mile or two further
-on, and the sand dunes lose much of their height and consequently
-glimpses of the ocean are obtained. Yonder island, rising some five
-miles off, is Marouard Island, by some called Rabbit Island, owing
-to the large number of rabbits it contains. It is granite, and what
-in geology is known as an “outlier.” How the rabbits manage to find
-a living upon it is matter for marvel, for it has all the appearance
-of a barren rock. Coasting crafts avail themselves of it for shelter
-in rough weather. It affords but a poor haven at best, but there is
-no other between Falmouth and George’s Bay. The small islet nearer
-the shore is Paddy’s Island. Both, in days gone by were the resort
-of seals. The road now passes through some fenced-in land, and after
-crossing a streamlet and a gentle eminence where until very lately
-before the new road was made it was the custom of the driver of the
-coach to call out, “Now gentlemen” which being interpreted signified
-the passengers getting out and walking up the hill to relieve the jaded
-horses. This custom has departed now. Upon descending the opposite side
-the visitor finds himself face to face with one of the most charming
-saltwater lakes in the world. It is
-
-
- DIANA’S BASIN
-
-and one can well conceive the fair and fleet goddess selecting such a
-spot to bathe her limbs. Yonder dwelling, partly visible through the
-trees, which flourish to the water’s edge, is the Summer retreat of F.
-Groome, Esq. of “Harefield” at St. Mary’s. This lake is like the others
-which we have passed――an inlet of the sea enclosed by a large and high
-sandbank. Wild ducks, teal, and the never-absent cormorant, haunt it
-in vast numbers, for it abounds in fish. Here for the first time since
-leaving the eastern extremity of the pass we come upon granite the
-prevailing rock of the stanniferous district we are about to enter.
-A very interesting and instructive tale of cosmical change does this
-same granite tell, but time and circumstance alike forbid us staying
-to listen to it now. It will have been observed that there is a most
-decided change in the character of the vegetation in these parts. The
-gum trees no longer have the white, smooth bark which mark them a few
-miles to the south-east. Instead of this the bark is rough, thick, and
-deeply furrowed. They are the iron bark, or redgum of the colonists,
-an exceedingly hard, and durable wood and it is much prized for sluice
-boxes by the tin miner. Five miles more, and as the sun is setting over
-the blue and distant mountains in the west――an abrupt turn of the road
-occurs, and lo! the truly magnificent
-
-
- GEORGE’S BAY
-
-opens to the view, with its numerous points, promontories, inlets and
-emerald flats. It is justly considered to be the most picturesque bay
-in the colony, and as a fishing ground is second to none. All the year
-round fine flounders can be had while crayfish are a drug. There are
-some very fine oyster beds which yield largely of these molluscs. The
-township of St. Helens consists of about twenty houses. There are three
-hotels which is just two too many. The Telegraph hotel is considered
-the principal one. There is a Bank, Post Office, and Telegraph Office
-in one neat building. A Police Office and Commissioner of Mines
-combined. There are two general stores. The climate of George’s Bay is
-unquestionably the finest in Tasmania. It is warmer than the Capital
-and not subject to such sudden transitions of temperature. There are
-very keen frosts in Winter, and also occasional frosts in Summer, but
-the sun beams out with resplendent glory through soft blue skies,
-flecked with fleecy clouds, after them. St. Helens is approached
-through Jason’s Gates, spanned by a bridge at the mouth of the Golden
-Fleece, an estuary which an artist would love to transfer to canvas.
-Here the names again carry the memory back to the beautiful poetical
-legend of the ancients. The traveller is now in the region of tin
-mines. Try where he may, in the sands of the sea shore, the gravel
-of the roads, he will obtain tin ore, but it exists only in payable
-quantity from three to six miles from the coast.
-
-There is a fine river the George, rich in sylvan scenery, and teeming
-with fish. The chief features of the district are the hills of granite,
-with their smooth rounded crests. These swell up in all directions,
-giving the country a highly undulating appearance. There are some very
-rare scene studies for the artist in the ravines. The LEDA FALLS on the
-Saxleby tin claim is one of these. The stream is divided into two falls
-at the edge of a granite precipice in a deep rock-bound gorge.
-
-Within one mile of the Falls is a singular “weathered” granite mass
-which I have named Truganini’s Throne. These spots and several others
-in the neighborhood are well worth a visit, I may be excused for
-quoting here a description of these two scenes which I lately published
-in the _Australasian Sketcher_.
-
-
- LEDA FALLS.
-
-These Falls are situated on the Saxleby tin claim, seven miles from
-George’s Bay, and in the centre of the tin mining district. A stream
-which takes its rise in the high granite hills of the district after
-flowing through button-grass marshes, and dense thickets of banera,
-cutting-grass and ti-tree, suddenly plunges down a deep romantic rocky
-gorge. Here it is broken into numerous miniature falls――now eddying
-round the walls of a granite basin which it has carved out through
-untold ages, and anon babbling among the moss-covered stones which
-interrupt its course, till when halfway through the gorge it leaps
-over a deep vertical precipice with deafening roar. At the verge of
-this precipice the stream is intercepted by a projection of rock which
-divides it and causes it to fall in two streams into a depression of
-the granite. At the sides of the ravine, huge overhanging masses of
-worn granite――some of them thousands of tons in weight, give rise
-to numerous recesses of sepulchral gloom. Over their portals hang
-festoons of delicate climbing plants and feathery-fronded ferns grow in
-profusion, gum-trees, acacia, dogwood and others whose branches meeting
-overhead form a canopy which excludes the noontide sunshine. If I might
-venture to call to aid metrical composition I would describe it thus:――
-
- Forth from its secret mountain source it flows
- Through em’rald swamps and tangled ti-tree dells;
- Now making music soft ’mong granite stones,
- O’er-mantled with bright moss of green and gold;
- Now stealing dreamlike, through deep sunless shades,
- Where never ripple ruffled its cool breast.
- Thus flowing sea-ward in its chequered course
- Till where a deep dark chasm twixt two hills
- All unexpected opens to the view.
- There at the verge divided into twain
- It plunges down into the gloom profound
- Where noise and mist and wild confusion reign.
-
-
- TRUGANINI’S THRONE
-
-is distant about one mile from Leda Falls on the western bank of the
-same stream. It is a remarkable example of weathered granite about 40
-feet high. Large gum-trees grow out of the joints of the rock 70 to 80
-feet in height. This is also well worth a visit from the tourist.
-
-
- THE TIN MINES.
-
-The vallies intervening the granite hills are the scenes of the
-operations of the miners. These vallies are chiefly occupied by
-button-grass marshes through which creeks and smaller streamlets
-flow and which take their rise in the higher mountain ranges in the
-interior. This button-grass which may not be widely well-known grows
-in tussocks from one foot to three feet in height and detached. Its
-leaves are long and wiry, and its seed-vessels consist of spherical,
-hard rough knobs about the size of marbles, closely resembling the old
-brass buttons of that form, from which it derives its name. These knobs
-are supported upon long smooth wiry stems often four and five feet in
-length. In passing through one of these marshes these knobs frequently
-spring back with considerable force, and owing to their hard rough
-nature, and the flexibility of the stems are capable of inflicting
-pain on the exposed face and hands. The creeks running through these
-valleys are fringed with belts of dense ti-tree among which is the
-flowering _melaleuca_ of the botanist, _banera_, or the river-rose
-and tall cutting-grass oftentimes so thickly interlaced as to form an
-almost impenetrable barrier. The soil on the hill-slopes is usually
-poor and gravelly formed by the decomposition of the coarse porphyritic
-granite of the district and yet it is thickly clothed with ironbark
-gums, peppermint gums, prickly acacia and those arboraeolian harps the
-sombre-hued Casuarina, on which, to indulge a figurative expression
-the zephyrs love to play with viewless fingers. The tin ore, for the
-most part is obtained at a depth from the surface of the vallies of
-from four to six feet, in a pebbly drift occupying the depressions of
-the granite which is usually decomposed so as to present a soft clayey
-consistency. It would seem to be what is known as “erratic”――that is
-it has come from a distance as the pebbles with which it is associated
-have been supplied by rocks which are not to be met with in the
-locality.
-
-At 10 miles inland to the west is the Land of Goschen, a flat well
-grassed plateau on the banks of the George river, with a mountain
-rising out of the midst. Four miles further on Gould’s Country is
-reached, with its lofty mountain ranges of granite and deep gullies,
-densely covered with myrtle, sassafras, and tree ferns. Here are
-situated the principal tin mines of the East Coast.
-
-Profoundly grand are the gullies of this region as the road winds along
-the mountain heights. Now on the right hand, now on the left the sides
-of the mountains sweep down into apparently bottomless ravines. High
-above the tops of trees over 300 feet in height in many instances the
-eye of the traveller sweeps the terrible chasms so thickly covered with
-tree-ferns and other shade and moisture-loving vegetation as to be
-sunshine proof. The scene of St. Mary’s Pass is a combination of the
-grand and picturesque. That of Gould’s Country is the awfully grand
-alone. Here there is a slab some miles in length traversing the sides
-of the mountains. There are two inns, several stores, and cottage
-dwellings. Sixteen miles further to the West is Thomas Plain on which
-stands the township of Weldborough surrounded for many miles by tin
-mines. This is reached by a narrow pack-track from Gould Country which
-is knee-deep in mud except in the very height of Summer. All the tin
-ore raised here has to be packed out on horses to Gould’s Country and
-Morina and owing to the continual traffic of the heavily-laden horses
-and the exclusion of wind and sunshine by the dense vegetation the
-track is a very “Slough of Despond.”
-
-Thomas Plain is situated in the centre of the Ringarooma district and
-enclosed by an amphitheatre of lofty tree-crowned heights. Several
-cool pellucid never failing streams flow through it. It is the most
-picturesque in Tasmania.
-
-Such are the salient features of the North East Coast of Tasmania,
-and I believe the visitor in search of a salubrious clime and choice
-scenery will allow that these fully repay the journey.
-
-
- * * * * *
-
-
-Transcriber’s Notes:
-
-――Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
-
-――Obvious punctuation and spelling inaccuracies were silently corrected.
-
-――Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved.
-
-――Variations in hyphenation and compound words have been preserved.
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WAYSIDE SKETCHES IN
-TASMANIA ***
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Wayside Sketches in Tasmania, by S. H. Wintle</p>
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
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-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Wayside Sketches in Tasmania</p>
- <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: S. H. Wintle</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 11, 2021 [eBook #66275]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
- <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from scans of public domain works at The National Library of Australia.)</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WAYSIDE SKETCHES IN TASMANIA ***</div>
-
-
-<div class="figcenter" id="cover">
- <img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover" title="cover" />
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h1 class="nobreak">WAYSIDE SKETCHES<br />
-<span class="smfonth1">IN</span><br />
-TASMANIA</h1>
-
-<p class="noi works">BY</p>
-
-<p class="noi author">S. H. WINTLE.</p>
-
-<p class="p6 noic">MELBOURNE:<br />
-H. THOMAS, 80 CHANCERY LANE.<br />
-1880.</p>
-
-<p class="p2 noic">AUTHOR’S RIGHTS RESERVED.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span></p>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="NE_TASMANIA">NORTH-EASTERN TASMANIA.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="noic smcap">By S. H. Wintle.</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">The Corners.</span></h3>
-
-<p>Notwithstanding that Tasmania is noted for the salubrity of its
-climate, and the magnificence of its scenery from one end of the
-island to the other, still there are localities which may claim
-the preference, perhaps, in the eyes of the visitor who is in
-search of health and the picturesque. There is no part of the
-beautiful island that offers the same attractions as the North
-East Coast in the neighborhood of George’s Bay, for here there
-is a combination of majestic grandeur with Arcadian beauty.
-To reach this favored locality, the traveller exchanges a seat in
-the railway car for one in a four wheeled conveyance at the
-Corners. It is very questionable if such another dreary,
-monotonous spot exists on the face of the earth as the Corners.
-Wherever the eye may wander, it meets with nothing but a
-dismal stretch of a sheep run, dotted with a few stunted, distorted
-trees, and the solitary, and still more dreary looking
-hotel rising out of the midst, while its proprietor, and those
-about him, have become hopelessly infected with the prevailing
-gruesome air of the detested spot. But this unromantic
-place is calculated to enhance the beauty of the scenes which
-await the visitor, and as he bowls along on a hematite gravelled
-road, as level as a billiard table, with good genial George Avery,
-the Jehu, he feels a sense of satisfaction as he sees the Corners
-fading away in the distance and the grand hills rising up before
-him. On either side of the road for some distance, he will see
-vestiges of the early days of the colony in the primitive fences of
-brushwood, and “dogleg.” In eight miles, Stoney Steps is
-reached where there is a hostelry kept by Herr Shmidt. Here
-the traveller for the first time since leaving the city, makes
-acquaintance with that most beautiful river, the picturesque
-South Esk. While the horses are being changed, he will have
-an opportunity of watching the falls at the rear of the Inn
-where the pellucid stream tumbles over a rugged barrier of
-basalt; and a little lower down observe how it spreads out into
-a dreamy, apparently motionless reach, reflecting the acacias,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span>
-casuarina, and gums that thickly clothe its banks. Be the
-visitor an enthusiast in the icthyial pastime, not the least
-attractive feature of this stream in his eyes would be the fine
-brown trout with which it abounds. Fifteen miles further,
-through country consecrated to sheepdom, Avoca is reached. It
-is a small village or hamlet with one inn, two stores, and about
-a dozen cottages, but it is exceedingly picturesque, with the
-river St. Paul, meandering through it, and it is well calculated to
-awaken memories of what Ireland’s lyric bard wrote about the
-“Meeting of the Waters.” Those</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">Blue Hills</span></h3>
-
-<p class="noi">which the traveller saw after leaving the dismal Corners, stretching
-like a barrier in the dim distance, he is now fairly amongst.
-Grim, granite mountain heights, flanked and ribbed with the old
-world palæozoic slates and sandstones, that have been upheaved
-by the said granite from their originally horizontal position, into
-a nearly vertical one, rise on either hand before him. At the
-feet of those gracefully rounded heights, on the left hand, flows
-the South Esk, and now, and anon, the visitor will get glimpses
-of it through the trees that he is not likely to readily forget.
-He will observe that the material of the road is of a very
-different character to that he has been travelling over for
-some time past, since he took his seat in the coach. He will
-observe that it consists of waterworn pebbles of quartz and gravel.
-In a word, he is in an auriferous region, and that charming
-river that flows so peacefully at the feet of the high hills far
-below, is responsible for these pebbles. In the slates and sandstones
-on these hillsides, there are quartz veins and lodes containing
-gold more, or less, and these have been worn down ages ago, the
-result being that deep down in the old river bed the precious
-metal lies, but it is locked up, and the woolgrowers have the key.
-On the summits of those granite hills which are table-topped
-there is tin ore in small quantity. But we must not stay here
-too long to geologise, for we’ve many a league to traverse yet.
-Now are we fairly in Saintdom, for we have crossed St. Paul’s
-river, and two or three miles off the road to our right, rises St.
-Paul’s Dome—a conspicuously rounded lofty hill, while St. Mary’s,
-Mt. St. Nicholas and St. Patrick’s Head await us in the distance.
-Some of the earlier colonists who conferred these names, in most
-instances quite inappropriate, must have been deeply imbued
-with Saint Worship. The road now for many miles will skirt
-the ancient bed of the South Esk, which is perhaps the finest
-valley in the island; much of it is devoted to agriculture, but
-more of it to grazing.</p>
-
-<p>Towering far above all other hills proudly rises</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">Ben Lomond</span>,</h3>
-
-<p class="noi">the highest mountain but one in Tasmania, and the fountain head
-of several rivers. Here is another instance of topographical mis-nomenclature
-in Tasmania. If the truth were known, it probably,
-in no particular, resembles the Ben Lomond of Scotland.
-Its bold broken and rugged outline at once arrests the visitor’s
-attention. It, in this particular, presenting such striking contrast
-to the smoothly rounded hills in the neighborhood. This
-feature is due to the fact, that its summit consists of diorite, <i>i. e.</i>
-trap rock used as metal for the roads. The granite, as already
-stated, has burst through the stratified formations, and it in turn
-has been disrupted by the diorite which covers it with a capping,
-and this occurred during a far subsequent period known to geologists
-as the great Volcanic Epoch. Many, and diverse are the
-forms the outline of this mountain present as the traveller
-speeds along. At one time its southernmost part presents the
-appearance of a lion <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">couchant</i>. A mile or two further on,
-and this resemblance no longer exists, and is like anything the
-imagination of the spectator can supply. On the eastern escarpment,
-near the foot of the mountain there is coal, and also
-auriferous quartz lodes. The latter only is worked.</p>
-
-<p>When about half the distance to Fingal is accomplished,
-there is another short stoppage to change horses at a roadside
-stable, and a little further on the visitor sees an antiquated
-vestige of former days in the shape of a ruined dwelling. It is
-known as Grenbers Haunted House. Tradition has it, that a
-horrible murder was committed there in the early days of the
-colony, and no one will live in it on account of the nightly visitations
-of the ghost of the murdered man. Yonder lofty hill, with
-the peculiar cone-shaped rock-mass rising high from the centre
-of the summit, is Tower Hill, where gold mining in the quartz
-lodes is carried on with apparently not very satisfactory results.
-As the traveller proceeds along the smooth and winding road, he
-will observe that some of the cuttings have been made to a considerable
-depth through very rounded pebbles and boulders of
-quartz, and granite, interspersed occasionally with slate, sandstone,
-and greenstone, while bands of gravel are frequently interstratified.
-These are the ancient bed of the South Esk river, rolling now
-more than one hundred feet below, through the valley, and they
-tell him that many ages ago at this height that river flowed.
-These exposed terraces alternate with cuttings through the
-Silurian beds, exposing in vertical sections quartz veins, traversing
-the almost vertical, and very much contorted slates and sandstones.
-He has now reached “Tullochgorum,” the fine property of James
-Grant, Esq., where the neat villa is just discernible through the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span>
-foliage of willows which surround it. In half an hour more he
-will enter the township of</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">Fingal.</span></h3>
-
-<p>A quarter of a century ago this place was the scene of much stir
-and excitement, owing to it being the <em>locale</em> where payable gold
-was first found in Tasmania. But the excitement was of comparatively
-brief duration. Much money was lost, and the place
-sank into unimportance. There are two large, substantial hotels,
-a bank, two or three stores, a jail, surrounded by a high brick
-wall, and a church which has remained unfinished for years.
-Immediately behind the township is an immense precipice several
-hundred feet high, as smooth on the face as a wall, and as vertical.
-This marks the line of a very extensive fault, which runs for
-many miles through the district to the East Coast. There is a
-stoppage here, long enough to enable travellers to partake of
-refreshment, post letters, or send telegrams. “All aboard” again,
-and in a very few minutes the coach is crossing the Break o’ Day
-rivulet on a very neat and substantial bridge, lately thrown across.
-Before him stretches the magnificent Break o’ Day valley, about
-12 miles long and from 2 to 3 miles in breadth. It may be considered
-as an easterly extension of the South Esk valley. It is
-the cream of this part of the country, and is in the tight embrace
-of the octopus arms of two or three woolgrowers. According to
-tradition it was the haunt of one of the bands of bushrangers in
-the olden days, and many thrilling tales are told of the daring
-exploits of some of these desperadoes, as from the lofty heights
-on either side of the valley they could look down unperceived,
-and observe what was going on below. To the naturalist the
-stream that flows through the vale is of interest for the number
-and size of its freshwater mussels, (<i>unio</i>) their shining, nacreous
-shells strewing the banks—the work of the voracious cormorant.
-Here, and indeed for some miles back, at intervals along the valley
-of the South Esk he will hear a peculiar half cackling cry,
-and then perchance see an apparently wingless bird about the
-size and shape of a barn-door fowl, dart through the tall grass
-with the speed of the emu and make for the rushes and sedges
-which line the banks of the stream. This is the native hen. I
-have never heard of them being shot for the table, as an impression
-prevails that they are tough. The most striking feature about
-them is the remarkable speed they attain when running, for there
-are very few dogs that can catch them. The traveller is now
-passing through a district in which there is much that is geologically
-interesting and most paradoxical. High ranges shut
-in the valley on either hand. That, on the left hand with
-a huge precipice ascending from one side of a “saddle” is</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span></p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">Mount St. Nicholas</span>,</h3>
-
-<p class="noi">celebrated for a very thick seam of coal and three or four
-smaller ones which make their appearance on the side of
-the range 500 feet above the valley. The large seam is 16
-feet in thickness, but the coal, although bituminous, is of
-a quality that renders it unfit for steam, or gas making purposes.
-For one or two inches of good bright coal, there
-are on the average from 12 to 15 inches of inferior earthy
-matter—in fine bituminized clay. On the opposite side of
-the valley this seam again appears at the same altitude at
-Mt. Legion 4 or 5 miles away, and again at the back of
-Fingal. There is a bullock dray road to the big seam, which
-is surrounded by some very romantic bits of scenery. For
-500 feet above the upper seam of coal, volcanic rock obtains,
-which on the summit of the hill rises in very fine columns,
-a characteristic of the greenstone of the same age in Tasmania.
-The beds of clay above and below the coal furnish
-very fine specimens of fossil ferns conspicuous among
-which, are the tongue-fern <i>Glossopteris</i>, the wedge-fern
-<i>Sphenopteris</i>, the nerve-fern <i>Neuropteris</i> and the tooth-fern
-<i>Odontopteris</i>. All of which are long since extinct it is believed.</p>
-
-<p>That mansion just discernible through the poplar
-and other acclimatised trees on the right hand of the visitor,
-is Killymoon, the largest and most imposing structure in
-the district, and is the residence of S. Ransome, Esq. Its
-founder, the late Mr. Steiglitz, was evidently a man of
-good architectural taste, and in it one is strongly reminded
-of much that characterises the structures of medieval times.
-The freestone of which it is built was quarried close by,
-and is associated with the coal seams. It possesses the
-remarkable property of resisting, to a great degree, the
-action of fire, and in this respect much resembles itacolumite
-sandstone, which is employed for the floor of furnaces
-occasionally in Europe. When it is closely examined it is
-found to consist of small, well rounded grains of quartz,
-bound together by an argillo-siliceous cement.</p>
-
-<p>The visitor is now passing through Cullenswood, by
-which name this part of the Break o’ Day valley is known.
-A few cottages, and cultivated fields, with a church and its
-resting place for the dead, are its chief features. Two miles
-further on it merges into St. Mary’s. This village boasts
-one inn, one general store, and a smithy. The inn is situated
-on the brink of a clear, cool mountain stream which
-is never failing. St. Patrick’s Head, with its perfect pyramid
-form, rises grandly in front, while another conspicuous,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span>
-though less aspiring hill, the Black Elephant, forms the
-eastern boundary of the vale. Horses are changed at the
-inn and soon the traveller is being hurled merrily along
-through an avenue of fine old wattle trees, whose branches
-meet over-head, and if it be Spring time the perfume from
-their golden blossoms is intoxicating. He must now be
-prepared to witness in a very few minutes, one of the
-grandest sights in natural scenery of the Southern hemisphere.
-There are few persons who have resided long
-enough in these colonies to become acclimatised that have
-not heard of</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">St. Mary’s Pass.</span></h3>
-
-<p>It is a proverb, “See Venice and die,” I would say, See
-St. Mary’s Pass, and <em>live</em> to describe it if you can (for it will
-sorely tax your descriptive powers, be they ever so good)
-to your friends. It alone is worth travelling a thousand
-miles to behold where expense is not a consideration.</p>
-
-<p>From the time the last inn was left, the road gradually
-ascends a gentle acclivity, and when the top is gained the
-visitor is at the entrance of the Pass. An abrupt turn of
-the road, and lo! opening far beneath him on his left hand,
-is a yawning gulf, with almost perpendicular mountains
-ascending on both sides. From this point it is <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">facilis
-descensus</i>. As he looks down the awful chasm from the
-narrow rock-hewn road, he involuntary recoils with a
-shudder. Genial George observes this, for he was prepared
-for it, and a suppressed smile, with a humorous twinkle in
-his eye records it. Whatever exclamation of surprise,
-fear, or appreciation of the sublime grandeur of the scene,
-may escape the lips of the traveller, it is drowned with a
-crack of the whip and “Come, get along there, lazy bones”
-as the vehicle rattles over the adamantine, tortuous road,
-leaving barely room for a foot passenger to pass between
-it and the verge of the gorge; for there is no fence, except
-at very sharp turns of the road. Down—down—down,
-sweeps the terrible gulf. Higher—higher—higher, ascend
-the tree-crowned heights, and looking from the road, the
-traveller feels it would be possible to shoot a bird on the
-opposite side. There is not a foot of ground but what
-is densely covered with timber and undergrowth. Far below,
-in the cool mossy depths can be seen the ever beautiful
-plume-fronded fern trees, waving in graceful undulations
-with the breeze, born of the great chasm; their
-tender green, contrasting favorably with the darker, harder
-hue of the surrounding gum trees. High over the tops of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span>
-patriarchal forest giants, the eye sweeps the great abyss
-and through the ambient air, can distinctly see the mosses
-of green and gold draping the rocks and trees in the depths
-of those sunless shades. It may be Spring time, and if so
-the blossom of a wattle tree here and there, stands out in
-strong relief among the myrtles and sassafras, scenting
-the air with its rich perfume. Another turn of the Pass,
-and there is a stone trough at which man and horse may
-drink of water as pellucid and cool as the pendant dew-drops.
-A mountain rill, which is almost vertical, comes
-leaping down in tiny falls, and is then conducted by a little
-flume into the stone trough. At one time the pass appears
-to have turned back on itself—at another it is taking
-a course at right angles—so numerous and acute are its
-windings as it rounds the heads of the many gullies. Considering
-that the pace at which the coach is being driven,
-which is very little, if indeed, anything less than that before
-the Pass was reached, apprehension of danger in the
-coolest and most courageous spirits is excusable, but the
-horses as well as driver know their work so well that a mishap
-is of very rare occurrence while a fatal accident as far
-as I know, has never yet been chronicled. St. Patrick’s
-Head which the visitor saw from St. Mary’s rising into the
-upper air, like a mighty pyramid he is now careering along.
-A little over two miles of the descent is accomplished,
-when another sharp turn unfolds to view the boundless
-ocean rolling in long lines of foaming, curling, surges on
-the shore—the hollow booming roar of which, is, and has
-been for some time past distinctly audible. That little
-hamlet consisting of one weather-boarded inn, and barely
-half a dozen primitive cottages is Falmouth. The inn
-which stands on a small headland overlooking the surf-beaten
-shore, is as solitary-looking as a light-house. Down, and
-still down, with its apparently endless windings, goes
-the Pass. Deeper and still deeper seems to grow the
-mighty gorge. On one hand is a high wall of rock, produced
-by forming the road. It is compact greenstone, <i>i.e.</i> trap
-rock, and testifies to the vast amount of labor and engineering
-skill in constructing the Pass in days long past. High
-overhead the mountain soars, and huge masses of rock are
-impending like Damocles sword, and seem ready to come
-thundering down on the slightest provocation, carrying
-destruction and death in their course. This threatening
-aspect have they presented for untold ages, and for untold
-ages it they may maintain. Much room for marvel there is
-as to how the trees continue to grow and hold their own<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span>
-on such steep mountain slopes, looking much like Natural
-Selection at fault. But then gumtrees in Tasmania will
-grow anywhere. Here, and there, the gracefully formed,
-and tender green foliaged <i>Exocarpus</i> (native cherry tree),
-and the lightwood tree fringe the edges of the Pass. For
-eight miles the traveller winds along this remarkable chasm
-and then finds himself on the sandy plateau of Falmouth
-at the bottom, with the heaving ocean in front, and a large
-sheet of imprisoned seawater on his left hand, into
-which the collected waters of the gorge empty themselves.
-That large and commanding brick house standing by itself
-is the residence of Mr. Steele, who owns all the available
-land for dairy farming in the locality. Horses are
-changed at the inn where dinner can be had and then a
-start is made to cross the Styx, but genial George, in this
-case, is old <em>Charon</em>. From Saintdom we have entered the
-regions of classical history, and instead of being rowed over
-the Styx we go through it on wheels. Somewhat exciting
-is the transit, the horses belly deep, and the traveller
-has to lift his feet till his knees are level with his nose,
-while the wheels of the coach stir up the black mud which
-emits the antithesis of an agreeable odor. This continues
-for about a mile. The road now runs along the sea shore,
-and is separated from the surf-beaten beach by sand dunes,
-covered with stunted vegetation, chiefly boobyalla. There
-are 16 miles of sand road between Falmouth and George’s
-Bay to which latter place I will assume the visitor is going.
-It is one of the most trying roads to horses in the island.
-Flat, swampy land, stretches for nearly two thirds of the
-distance. Where swamps do not obtain, a profusion
-of gay blossoming heath, chiefly <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">epacridae</i>, and the elegant
-and sand loving grass tree clothe the ground. After
-crossing the Styx, and having proceeded a mile, the picturesque
-Scamander river is reached. It is spanned by a very
-neat and substantial bridge lately built. The old bridge
-in ruins is seen a short distance on the right. If the
-traveller be a classical man, he will find the topographical
-nomenclature of this region awaken associations of his
-<i>Alma Mater</i>. I do not know whether the old-world
-Scamander was distinguished for good fishing, but I do
-know that this one offers splendid attractions to the
-lovers of the rod and line. The water is half salt and
-half fresh, being separated from the sea by a sand bar.
-During rough weather, the waves break over this bar and
-when there is a fresh in the river the reverse action takes
-place. The water is always beautifully clear, and large<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span>
-bream, and perch can be seen, in untold numbers, swimming
-about among the seaweed. But they are often very
-shy of the bait, owing, it is supposed to there being an
-abundance of their natural food.</p>
-
-<p>To the naturalist the long beach offers great attractions.
-Close to the sandbar of the Styx there are numerous rock
-pools where anemonies, chitons, a large variety of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Radiata</i>,
-and choice algae abound. Add to these, a profusion of
-sponge and litoral shellfishes. Dead shells strew the
-beach in myriads, and it is owing to this feature that many
-families make Falmouth a place of resort during the
-summer season. Five or six miles from Falmouth</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">The Lagoon</span></h3>
-
-<p class="noi">is reached. This is a picturesque sheet of imprisoned sea water
-into which two or three streams disembogue. This lagoon
-is a favorite haunt of that strange bird the Musk Duck
-which on the near approach of man darts along the surface
-of the water with great speed, by using their rudimentary
-wings as paddles, with which they beat the water into
-foam, uttering at the same time a peculiarly discordant
-cry. The great dunes of blown sea sand shut out the
-ocean from view for a great part of the distance to George’s
-Bay, but the deafening roar of the surf is an accompaniment
-all the way. At Freshwater Creek, where a stream
-flows through a compact reticulation of rushes, sedges,
-and ferns, horses are changed. We are now half way to
-the township of St. Helens. Densely timbered heights on
-the one hand, the ocean on the other, and a gay blossoming
-heath-covered <em>parterre</em> intervening. A mile or two further
-on, and the sand dunes lose much of their height and consequently
-glimpses of the ocean are obtained. Yonder
-island, rising some five miles off, is Marouard Island, by
-some called Rabbit Island, owing to the large number of
-rabbits it contains. It is granite, and what in geology is
-known as an “outlier.” How the rabbits manage to find
-a living upon it is matter for marvel, for it has all the
-appearance of a barren rock. Coasting crafts avail themselves
-of it for shelter in rough weather. It affords but
-a poor haven at best, but there is no other between Falmouth
-and George’s Bay. The small islet nearer the shore
-is Paddy’s Island. Both, in days gone by were the resort
-of seals. The road now passes through some fenced-in
-land, and after crossing a streamlet and a gentle eminence
-where until very lately before the new road was made it
-was the custom of the driver of the coach to call out, “Now<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span>
-gentlemen” which being interpreted signified the passengers
-getting out and walking up the hill to relieve the
-jaded horses. This custom has departed now. Upon
-descending the opposite side the visitor finds himself face
-to face with one of the most charming saltwater lakes in
-the world. It is</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">Diana’s Basin</span></h3>
-
-<p class="noi">and one can well conceive the fair and fleet goddess
-selecting such a spot to bathe her limbs. Yonder dwelling,
-partly visible through the trees, which flourish to the
-water’s edge, is the Summer retreat of F. Groome, Esq. of
-“Harefield” at St. Mary’s. This lake is like the others
-which we have passed—an inlet of the sea enclosed by a
-large and high sandbank. Wild ducks, teal, and the never-absent
-cormorant, haunt it in vast numbers, for it abounds
-in fish. Here for the first time since leaving the eastern
-extremity of the pass we come upon granite the prevailing
-rock of the stanniferous district we are about to enter. A
-very interesting and instructive tale of cosmical change
-does this same granite tell, but time and circumstance alike
-forbid us staying to listen to it now. It will have been
-observed that there is a most decided change in the
-character of the vegetation in these parts. The gum trees
-no longer have the white, smooth bark which mark them
-a few miles to the south-east. Instead of this the bark is
-rough, thick, and deeply furrowed. They are the iron
-bark, or redgum of the colonists, an exceedingly hard, and
-durable wood and it is much prized for sluice boxes by the
-tin miner. Five miles more, and as the sun is setting over
-the blue and distant mountains in the west—an abrupt
-turn of the road occurs, and lo! the truly magnificent</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">George’s Bay</span></h3>
-
-<p class="noi">opens to the view, with its numerous points, promontories,
-inlets and emerald flats. It is justly considered to be the
-most picturesque bay in the colony, and as a fishing ground
-is second to none. All the year round fine flounders can
-be had while crayfish are a drug. There are some very
-fine oyster beds which yield largely of these molluscs. The
-township of St. Helens consists of about twenty houses.
-There are three hotels which is just two too many. The
-Telegraph hotel is considered the principal one. There is
-a Bank, Post Office, and Telegraph Office in one neat
-building. A Police Office and Commissioner of Mines
-combined. There are two general stores. The climate
-of George’s Bay is unquestionably the finest in Tasmania.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span>
-It is warmer than the Capital and not subject to such
-sudden transitions of temperature. There are very keen
-frosts in Winter, and also occasional frosts in Summer,
-but the sun beams out with resplendent glory through soft
-blue skies, flecked with fleecy clouds, after them. St.
-Helens is approached through Jason’s Gates, spanned by a
-bridge at the mouth of the Golden Fleece, an estuary which
-an artist would love to transfer to canvas. Here the names
-again carry the memory back to the beautiful poetical
-legend of the ancients. The traveller is now in the region
-of tin mines. Try where he may, in the sands of the sea
-shore, the gravel of the roads, he will obtain tin ore, but
-it exists only in payable quantity from three to six miles
-from the coast.</p>
-
-<p>There is a fine river the George, rich in sylvan scenery,
-and teeming with fish. The chief features of the district
-are the hills of granite, with their smooth rounded
-crests. These swell up in all directions, giving the country
-a highly undulating appearance. There are some very
-rare scene studies for the artist in the ravines. The <span class="smcap">Leda
-Falls</span> on the Saxleby tin claim is one of these. The
-stream is divided into two falls at the edge of a granite
-precipice in a deep rock-bound gorge.</p>
-
-<p>Within one mile of the Falls is a singular “weathered”
-granite mass which I have named Truganini’s Throne.
-These spots and several others in the neighborhood are
-well worth a visit, I may be excused for quoting here a
-description of these two scenes which I lately published
-in the <cite>Australasian Sketcher</cite>.</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">Leda Falls.</span></h3>
-
-<p>These Falls are situated on the Saxleby tin claim,
-seven miles from George’s Bay, and in the centre of the
-tin mining district. A stream which takes its rise in the
-high granite hills of the district after flowing through
-button-grass marshes, and dense thickets of banera, cutting-grass
-and ti-tree, suddenly plunges down a deep
-romantic rocky gorge. Here it is broken into numerous
-miniature falls—now eddying round the walls of a granite
-basin which it has carved out through untold ages, and
-anon babbling among the moss-covered stones which interrupt
-its course, till when halfway through the gorge it
-leaps over a deep vertical precipice with deafening roar.
-At the verge of this precipice the stream is intercepted by
-a projection of rock which divides it and causes it to
-fall in two streams into a depression of the granite. At<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span>
-the sides of the ravine, huge overhanging masses of worn
-granite—some of them thousands of tons in weight, give
-rise to numerous recesses of sepulchral gloom. Over their
-portals hang festoons of delicate climbing plants and
-feathery-fronded ferns grow in profusion, gum-trees,
-acacia, dogwood and others whose branches meeting overhead
-form a canopy which excludes the noontide sunshine.
-If I might venture to call to aid metrical composition I
-would describe it thus:—</p>
-
-<div class="poetry">
- <div class="stanza">
- <div class="verse indent0">Forth from its secret mountain source it flows</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Through em’rald swamps and tangled ti-tree dells;</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Now making music soft ’mong granite stones,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">O’er-mantled with bright moss of green and gold;</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Now stealing dreamlike, through deep sunless shades,</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Where never ripple ruffled its cool breast.</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Thus flowing sea-ward in its chequered course</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Till where a deep dark chasm twixt two hills</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">All unexpected opens to the view.</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">There at the verge divided into twain</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">It plunges down into the gloom profound</div>
- <div class="verse indent0">Where noise and mist and wild confusion reign.</div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">Truganini’s Throne</span></h3>
-
-<p class="noi">is distant about one mile from Leda Falls on the western
-bank of the same stream. It is a remarkable example of
-weathered granite about 40 feet high. Large gum-trees
-grow out of the joints of the rock 70 to 80 feet in height.
-This is also well worth a visit from the tourist.</p>
-
-
-<h3><span class="smcap">The Tin Mines.</span></h3>
-
-<p>The vallies intervening the granite hills are the scenes of
-the operations of the miners. These vallies are chiefly
-occupied by button-grass marshes through which creeks
-and smaller streamlets flow and which take their rise in
-the higher mountain ranges in the interior. This button-grass
-which may not be widely well-known grows in
-tussocks from one foot to three feet in height and detached.
-Its leaves are long and wiry, and its seed-vessels consist of
-spherical, hard rough knobs about the size of marbles,
-closely resembling the old brass buttons of that form,
-from which it derives its name. These knobs are supported
-upon long smooth wiry stems often four and five feet
-in length. In passing through one of these marshes these
-knobs frequently spring back with considerable force, and
-owing to their hard rough nature, and the flexibility of
-the stems are capable of inflicting pain on the exposed face
-and hands. The creeks running through these valleys are
-fringed with belts of dense ti-tree among which is the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span>
-flowering <em>melaleuca</em> of the botanist, <em>banera</em>, or the river-rose
-and tall cutting-grass oftentimes so thickly interlaced
-as to form an almost impenetrable barrier. The soil on
-the hill-slopes is usually poor and gravelly formed by the
-decomposition of the coarse porphyritic granite of the
-district and yet it is thickly clothed with ironbark gums,
-peppermint gums, prickly acacia and those arboraeolian
-harps the sombre-hued Casuarina, on which, to indulge a
-figurative expression the zephyrs love to play with viewless
-fingers. The tin ore, for the most part is obtained at a
-depth from the surface of the vallies of from four to six
-feet, in a pebbly drift occupying the depressions of the
-granite which is usually decomposed so as to present a
-soft clayey consistency. It would seem to be what is
-known as “erratic”—that is it has come from a distance
-as the pebbles with which it is associated have been
-supplied by rocks which are not to be met with in the
-locality.</p>
-
-<p>At 10 miles inland to the west is the Land of Goschen,
-a flat well grassed plateau on the banks of
-the George river, with a mountain rising out of the
-midst. Four miles further on Gould’s Country is reached,
-with its lofty mountain ranges of granite and deep gullies,
-densely covered with myrtle, sassafras, and tree ferns.
-Here are situated the principal tin mines of the East Coast.</p>
-
-<p>Profoundly grand are the gullies of this region as
-the road winds along the mountain heights. Now on
-the right hand, now on the left the sides of the mountains
-sweep down into apparently bottomless ravines. High
-above the tops of trees over 300 feet in height in many
-instances the eye of the traveller sweeps the terrible chasms
-so thickly covered with tree-ferns and other shade and
-moisture-loving vegetation as to be sunshine proof. The
-scene of St. Mary’s Pass is a combination of the grand and
-picturesque. That of Gould’s Country is the awfully
-grand alone. Here there is a slab some miles in length
-traversing the sides of the mountains. There are two
-inns, several stores, and cottage dwellings. Sixteen miles
-further to the West is Thomas Plain on which stands the
-township of Weldborough surrounded for many miles by
-tin mines. This is reached by a narrow pack-track from
-Gould Country which is knee-deep in mud except in
-the very height of Summer. All the tin ore raised here
-has to be packed out on horses to Gould’s Country and
-Morina and owing to the continual traffic of the heavily-laden
-horses and the exclusion of wind and sunshine by the
-dense vegetation the track is a very “Slough of Despond.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span></p>
-
-<p>Thomas Plain is situated in the centre of the Ringarooma
-district and enclosed by an amphitheatre of lofty
-tree-crowned heights. Several cool pellucid never failing
-streams flow through it. It is the most picturesque
-in Tasmania.</p>
-
-<p>Such are the salient features of the North East Coast
-of Tasmania, and I believe the visitor in search of a salubrious
-clime and choice scenery will allow that these fully
-repay the journey.</p>
-
-
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<div class="tnote">
-<p class="noi tntitle">Transcriber’s Notes:</p>
-
-<p class="smfont">Obvious punctuation and spelling inaccuracies were silently corrected.</p>
-
-<p class="smfont">Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved.</p>
-
-<p class="smfont">Variations in hyphenation and compound words have been preserved.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WAYSIDE SKETCHES IN TASMANIA ***</div>
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