diff options
| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-22 19:43:19 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-01-22 19:43:19 -0800 |
| commit | 82d2fe815530c0108e9aab135b93cef2c7bf5288 (patch) | |
| tree | 5c82fea63cf55a6b9ad04f041eccbf30ec5f10b8 | |
| parent | d68eb59977dfcfba8cbbd9e95d2e3c6021a59ae0 (diff) | |
39 files changed, 17 insertions, 6389 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c03bad --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65975 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65975) diff --git a/old/65975-0.txt b/old/65975-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index f06e828..0000000 --- a/old/65975-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2550 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Making of a Man, by George R. Fuller -Company - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Making of a Man - Being a description of Artificial Limbs and how they may be - adopted by those who have suffered Loss of their Natural Limbs - -Author: George R. Fuller Company - -Release Date: August 1, 2021 [eBook #65975] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: MFR and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN *** - - - - -_The Making of a Man_ - -[Illustration] - - - - - The Making - of a Man - - BEING A DESCRIPTION OF - ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND - HOW THEY MAY BE - ADOPTED BY THOSE WHO - HAVE SUFFERED LOSS OF - THEIR NATURAL LIMBS - - [Illustration] - - George R. Fuller Company - Rochester, N. Y. - - 23 West Swan Street } BRANCHES { 50 North 13th Street - Buffalo, N.Y. } { Philadelphia, Pa. - - COPYRIGHTED 1902 BY - GEORGE R. FULLER CO. - - NOTE.—The copyright covers the arrangement and - phraseology of the text as well as the drawings and - engravings. The right of translation is reserved. - - - - -[Illustration: ARTIFICIAL LIMBS] - - - - -_Introduction_ - - -The making of a man is a process of time, of training and of progress. -The babe, indeed, may be born perfect in physical proportions and in -possession of normal faculties; but no product of Nature may stand still. -Growth or decay is the lot of every one, and the man—the full and perfect -man—is the result of physical and mental development. - -There has never been a time when physical development has received so -much attention as at present, or when its importance has been so greatly -appreciated. Physical culture and exercise in the open air have resulted -in making men and women stronger and healthier, and consequently more -graceful in carriage and figure and better fitted to enjoy the pleasures -and perform the duties of life. The conviction is now general that to -produce the highest type of man the cultivation and development of the -physical structure should proceed with the cultivation of the mind; but -on the other hand, the wise do not admit that the practice of devoting -too much attention to athletics should be encouraged, however prevalent -this practice may be said to be at many leading colleges. The proper -ratio should be observed. - -It is not desirable, to be sure, that the race should become one of -ignorant giants, but nevertheless the value of exercise and of physical -work cannot be disputed. The right to pursue this value should be shared -by all mankind. Fortunately it has been made possible now, as it formerly -was not, for those who have lost limbs to indulge in rightful exercise -and perform necessary physical work notwithstanding their misfortunes. -The activities of life, with their resulting benefit, are no longer -denied them. - -Surgery, the scientific making of mechanical devices for the correction -of deformities, and the manufacture of artificial substitutes for -lost limbs, have led in the advance of methods intended to better the -condition or ameliorate the suffering of humanity. - -Time was when the loss of a leg meant the stumping through the balance -of life on a crotched stick. There was Peter Stuyvesant, for instance, -whose portrait is shown on the cover of this catalogue. He lost a leg in -the wars in the West Indies in 1640. Thereafter, during the time he was -the last Dutch Director General of New Netherlands—from 1647 until his -surrender to the English in 1664—and to his death in New York in 1682 at -the ripe old age of eighty, he pegged his way along. He was a man well -able to afford the best in life, but nothing better than the ordinary peg -leg was then obtainable, and so for forty years or more Peter Stuyvesant -suffered the inconvenience due to the crude device. - -Now, fortunately for the afflicted, better things are possible. Science -and art have combined so successfully in the manufacture of our -artificial limbs that not only is the wearer free from discomfort but -he is enabled to continue his career of activity, and pursue, as may be -necessary, his labors for a livelihood. Besides, the perfection of design -and manufacture of these aids makes their presence difficult of detection. - -Not only is ordinary labor well performed, but many remarkable feats are -accomplished by wearers of limbs of our manufacture. A few instances are -cited below. - -A noted pitcher of a baseball team and a remarkable bicycle rider, -although deprived in early life of both legs by accident, is able to hold -a position of prominence in his profession. - -An operator constantly on his feet in a signal tower suffers no -inconvenience. After making five experiments he has found finally -that the artificial leg with which we have equipped him is the most -comfortable he has ever worn. - -A crack bicycle rider, both of whose legs have been amputated, one above -the knee and one below, pronounces our substitute faultless. He is able -not only to mount and dismount with ease but to perform all manner of -tricks and fancy riding, doing this as well as his competitors blessed -with sound, muscular, natural limbs. Besides, he has a mile track record -of 2.37. - -Money will not buy happiness, but it will aid in its attainment. Money -will not compensate for the loss of a limb, but it will buy a fair -substitute if one knows where to procure it. - -One having a valuable and delicate watch needing repairs would naturally -be very cautious into whose hands it was entrusted. In the event of -sickness we are apt to be very careful into whose care we place the -patient. Careful inquiry is made as to the reliability of the physician -and his experience, whether or not he has been successful, if he -understands his business and is honest in his purpose; if his advice will -be given in the best interests of the patient, or whether his own profit -is of first importance to him. - -It is entirely proper to ask similar questions in regard to the makers of -artificial limbs; but too often people are careless in the matter, and -place the case in the hands of almost anybody in the business, without -regard to responsibility or reliability. Thus the remedy secured is often -worse than the disease. The strictest investigation should be made. A -competent maker should be selected. The case being entrusted to him, -the minor details should be left to his judgment, with faith that his -experience and thorough understanding of his business will produce the -best result. - -No single style of limb is suitable for all cases. Appropriate and -distinct construction is necessary, that the limb shall meet the -requirements of the person who is to be compelled to wear it. Recognizing -the truth of this, we have been led to the study of the peculiarities and -individual needs of each case presented to us. Our limbs are constructed -with such a variety of joints and attachments that each appliance may be -accurately adapted to any variation in the condition or occupation of -the patient. If any doubt exists as to the result in any case, we give -ample opportunity for experiment at our expense. It is for this reason -that so many purchasers have spoken in the highest terms of praise of our -efforts and the results. - -[Illustration] - -We do not seek to discredit other manufacturers, but simply, in full -confidence, we state that we are the makers of the best goods obtainable. -In the pages following we have endeavored to convey some idea of the -ingenuity and artistic skill which we bestow upon our work. - -For over forty years—in fact, since 1856—we have conducted our business -in Rochester without interruption and with increasing prosperity. Until -1876 the business was conducted by Dr. Douglas Bly, who founded it. Then -for twenty years Mr. Fuller personally continued the business, until in -1896 the present company was incorporated under the laws of the State -of New York with a paid-up capital of $25,000. The patience and skill -exercised throughout these years have evolved the limb we term “The -Walk-Easy Leg,” and placed us at the head of manufacturers of artificial -limbs. Our efforts have been always to improve and perfect—to excel at -every point. We are assured that these efforts have met with approval. -We enjoy the confidence of those who have found need of our services. -As a further evidence that we have successfully sought to excel, it -may be stated that during the past twenty years, notwithstanding -active competition, we have supplied the United States Government with -one-quarter in number of all the limbs furnished to pensioners. We also -have supplied officially the States of Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina -and Louisiana. Furthermore, our work has been placed in the first class -by various scientific boards convened for the purpose, and it has -received the endorsement of the world’s most famous surgeons. - -Aside from the personal testimony of the multitudes throughout the -country who have availed themselves of our experience and skill, and have -offered to bear witness to the good we have done them, we refer as to -our financial standing and reliability to Dun or Bradstreet mercantile -agencies, or to any bank or public man in our city or vicinity. - -Intending purchasers are invited to correspond with us, that they may -receive, if they are necessary or desirable, fuller details than are -covered in this work. We are always glad to receive inquiries and offer -suggestions for the comfort of our customers. - -GEORGE R. FULLER COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y. - -[Illustration] - -Patents have been granted us as follows: - - April 19, 1859 No. 23,656 - April 30, 1859 No. 25,238 - February 19, 1861 No. 31,438 - July 20, 1862 No. 38,549 - May 19, 1863 No. 38,550 - July 28, 1857 Re-issued July 7, 1863 No. 1,510 - May 17, 1859 } - July 3, 1860 } Re-issued July 12, 1864 No. 1,724 - Dec. 23, 1862 } - October 11, 1864 No. 44,638 - September 4, 1866 No. 57,666 - March 9, 1869 No. 87,624 - April 19, 1887 No. 361,405 - October 4, 1887 No. 370,774 - - -_Amputations_ - -It is probable that such a publication as this will be read only by -those who have lost limbs or by their immediate friends. To advance an -opinion here as to the length of stump or the kind of operation best -adapted to the subsequent application of an artificial limb would be -of little benefit, and might, indeed, suggest dissatisfaction to the -sufferer and cause injury to the operator. The preservation of life is -the object of amputations. Surgeons generally appreciate the importance -of the operation and their own responsibility. They undertake it with -reluctance. Often during such an operation exigencies arise or unforeseen -conditions so present themselves as to preclude any observance of -suggestions relating to the selection of a point for amputation and -preparation of the stump for the exercise of the restorative art of -prosthesis. Then the surgeon has no choice if he would save life. It -is better not to criticise the operation and malign the operator, but -to believe the best results possible under the circumstances have been -attained and be thankful that the outcome is no worse. - - -_Treatment of the Stump_ - -In preparation for the application of an artificial leg, and as soon as -it is healed sufficiently to permit it without pain or irritation, the -stump should be kept tightly bandaged from the end up to the knee, if -the amputation be below, or up to the body if the amputation be above -the knee. The bandaging will diminish and solidify the stump, leaving -it in a much more desirable condition for fitting and rendering the -successful use of a leg more a matter of certainty. If neglected, the -chances are that a soft, flabby stump will be the result, which will -rapidly reduce after the patient begins the use of a leg, but a refitting -or an uncomfortable amount of filling up in the socket to compensate for -the shrinkage of the stump will be necessary in order to walk with the -least degree of ease or satisfaction. The remaining joints, particularly -the knee joint, should be kept in motion as much as can be conveniently, -every day; this will prevent their becoming anchylosed (stiff and -inflexible). Should this warning come too late, and the joint is already -anchylosed, it should be gently and gradually exercised, and oily, -relaxing applications applied until straightened and flexible. A free -daily use of the cold water bath and brisk rubbing will prove beneficial. -An application of a solution of tannin and alcohol will toughen the skin, -and in many cases it would be an excellent thing to continue the use of -this solution after an artificial leg has been applied. - - -_How Soon After an Amputation_ - -There is a diversity of opinion as to how early a substitute may be -applied. Many surgeons strongly urge that an artificial leg cannot be -safely fitted for several months after cicatrization occurs, while, on -the other hand, some manufacturers of artificial limbs claim that a leg -can be satisfactorily fitted just as soon as the stump has healed, no -matter if it be but five or six weeks after the amputation. - -Much, of course, depends upon the condition of the patient, in -circumstance and constitution. It many times occurs that while the edges -of the flaps have united, and cicatrization appears, ossification at the -sawn end of the bones has not taken place, consequently the necessary -pressure and tension on the surrounding integuments and other adjacent -parts in wearing a leg will unavoidably cause inconvenience, irritation -and pain. It is therefore our opinion, based upon experience and -observation, that in most cases an artificial leg should not be fitted -within _three months_ after amputation, and that if the edges of the -wound have thoroughly united at the end of that time it is _unnecessary -to wait longer_, except to harden and reduce the stump by bandaging, if -this has not previously been done. There are many good reasons why a leg -should be applied as soon as practicable after this time (provided that -the stump has healed), the chief one being that there is nothing that -will discipline and strengthen a stump and remaining joints as quickly -and as effectually as the use of a properly fitted artificial leg. - -[Illustration] - - -_Material of Construction_ - -The materials used in the construction of artificial limbs are, -principally, tough English willow, leather, metal and rubber. The wood -parts, when worked to the desired shape, are covered with parchment or -rawhide and finished with a flesh-tinted waterproof enamel. - - -_Artificial Legs for Children_ - -When children have been deprived, by accident or disease, of one or -both lower limbs, artificial legs should be applied as soon as the -condition of the stump will safely permit. It is too generally presumed -that an outgrown limb is of no further use, and that the purchase of an -artificial leg before full growth is assured means a foolish expenditure. - -This is wrong, at least so far as our work is concerned; there are -artificial legs made that it would be very expensive to lengthen or -change, but any leg that is made by us, or under our name or supervision, -we will agree to lengthen at any future time, as necessity may arise, -at a cost not to exceed five dollars, and in many cases not to exceed -three or four dollars. When the amputation is above the knee, it is often -necessary that the leg be lengthened both above and below the knee-joint. -This involves more labor and consequently greater expense, but in no case -will the charge exceed five dollars. - -For a very young child we would make the artificial foot one or two sizes -larger than the natural one; in a year or so the natural foot will reach -the size of the artificial, and some months, perhaps years, will elapse -before the natural foot will be perceptibly larger than the artificial. -This method keeps the feet nearer the same size a longer time than would -be the case if the artificial foot were made the same size as the natural -foot in the first place. When it is necessary to increase the size of the -foot it can be easily and inexpensively done. - -When children are deprived of these useful appendages, solely from fear -or apprehension that they may be outgrown, a lasting injustice is done -them. There is great danger of deformity and disease from the prolonged -use of crutches, particularly at a tender and susceptible age; and the -most natural, easy, graceful walkers on artificial legs are those who -commence the use of them in youth; the habit becomes thoroughly formed, -and the continued use of them from childhood develops and strengthens the -muscles and joints in a more effectual manner than can be accomplished by -any other process or treatment. - - -_Weight of Artificial Limbs_ - -It is not possible to reduce the weight of artificial legs below a -certain point without sacrificing strength and good wearing qualities. -The leg we construct weighs from two to five and one-half pounds, but -in some special cases where extreme strength is required this may be -exceeded. Much depends, however, upon the weight and occupation of the -wearer. Many legs of other makes which weigh no more than ours require -more of an effort to carry and swing them, because the action of the -rubber spring in the back part of our leg assists materially in carrying -the leg forward while in the act of walking, thus relieving the stump -from the effort that would otherwise be required to swing it. We aim to -have sufficient weight around the joints to support them securely; at -other points, where strength is not required, they are left a mere shell. -The weight of an artificial arm is much less, varying from one-half to -one and one-half pounds. - - -_Durability of Artificial Limbs_ - -The occupation of the wearer has much to do with the durability of an -artificial leg, but more depends upon the care and attention it receives. -We know of limbs that have been in constant use for eighteen or twenty -years and are undoubtedly good for several more years of good service, -and others, equally well made in every way, that because of neglect and -abuse have lasted only three or four years. These are the extremes, -however. The average durability of an artificial leg we estimate to be -from seven to eight years. Artificial arms not being subject to the -strain and wear of a leg will last much longer, the average time, we -should say, being double that of a leg. It should be borne in mind, -however, that they are but a mechanical imitation of Nature and require -attention the same as any other piece of mechanism, and that it pays to -keep them at all times clean and in good working order, and that the -better the care the better and more lasting will be the service. - - NOTE.—While preparing this article Mr. John S. Havens, of - Plainwell, Michigan, called upon us wearing an artificial leg - made at this factory in the spring of 1864, and the leg is - still in excellent condition. - - -_How to Proceed in Ordering a Leg_ - -A very common error is prevalent in the minds of many that artificial -limbs are kept on hand in full assortments and varieties, and that it -is only necessary for a person to call and purchase one and wear it -away, the same as you would a pair of boots or shoes. Artificial legs -are only made to order, and it is preferable that the patient be present -at the factory for a day or two to have the leg fitted and give it a -thorough and satisfactory trial. Write to us, stating full particulars -of the case—when amputated, whether below or above the knee, length and -condition of the stump, etc. Also state the price you wish to pay for -a leg, and whether or not it will be practicable for you to come here -and have it fitted. If you can come here, name a day that will be most -convenient for you to do so, and we will be ready for you. If possible, -also specify time of day and by which route you will arrive in Rochester; -if you are unable to determine in season to advise us by mail, please do -so by telegraph, and we will have some one meet you at the station. A -shoe will be wanted here for the artificial foot. Your presence will be -required from one to two days, depending upon the difficulty in fitting -and the number of orders we have on hand; during this time you will have -an opportunity of putting the leg on, and giving it a thorough trial in -the rough. After you are satisfied with the test, you may return home and -the leg will be completed and forwarded to you in about ten days, or, if -you prefer to remain and wear it home, it will be finished in about a -week. Excellent hotel accommodations can be obtained for one dollar per -day or five dollars per week. - - -_Making Artificial Legs from Measurements_ - -For the benefit of persons who do not care to incur the expense and -inconvenience of a journey to the factory, we have perfected a chart -for measurements, and directions for taking profiles, plaster of paris -moulds, etc., that overcome all the difficulty and expense of a personal -visit. To make success doubly sure, when so desired we put the leg up -in the rough and forward it for trial; this gives the same opportunity -of trying it that would be had here. The leg can then be returned to us -with directions as to any changes that may be needed. To be sure, there -is some expense for transporting the leg, but it is small compared with -the cost of a journey here. A good share of our orders are being filled -in this manner, and with unvarying success. Indeed, there need be no fear -or hesitancy in sending orders to us for artificial legs to be made from -measurements, as we _guarantee a fit_. Should it prove otherwise, we will -make any required alterations without charge. - - -_Warranty_ - -The following is a copy of the warranty given with each leg. The time of -the warranty will depend entirely upon the price paid. See prices of the -various styles. - - ROCHESTER, N.Y., ______ 19__. - - In consideration of the sum of __ dollars, received from ______ - of ______ for an artificial leg, we hereby warrant the same, - as follows: In case any part of said leg should, on account of - poor material or bad workmanship, break or give way within __ - years from the date hereof, we agree to repair the same without - charge, provided that, as soon as any defect is discovered, the - leg, or any part thereof that needs to be repaired or replaced, - be forwarded to us without delay, and at the expense of the - owner. It is not the intention of this warranty to make good - without charge the unavoidable wear of the leg, or breakage - caused by accident, neglect or misuse. - - -_Prices_ - -Our prices are graded in such a manner as to make it possible for any -one to secure one of these reliable limbs, and are governed entirely by -the quality of the work and the time for which the limb is warranted, -and bear an exact proportion to the cost of production and the probable -cost of repairs during the term of the warranty. We have plans, which -we will be very glad to explain to any who desire to know about them, -whereby these limbs may be obtained without the expenditure of any money -whatever. Simply the giving of a little time and persistent work. Scores -have earned limbs in this way. - - -_Remittances_ - -Should be made by express, post office or express money order, registered -letter, or New York draft, whichever is most convenient for the sender. - - -_Terms_ - -It is our custom, as it is with all makers of special appliances of this -kind, to require in each case a cash deposit as a guarantee of good -faith. When the purchaser is present at the factory for the purpose of -having a limb fitted, the limb may be tried in the rough before making -any payment; if the fit and trial are satisfactory, one-half the price -will be required. When limbs are made from measurements, without the -presence of the patient at the factory, one-half the price of the limb -ordered should accompany the order. In both cases when the limb is -finished it will be delivered by express C.O.D. with the privilege of -examination and trial before making the final payment. - -A careful consideration of the following facts should convince any -fair-minded person that this plan is not only reasonable and just but -very necessary. - -[Illustration] - -Each limb is made expressly to order for some one individual, and the -limb when completed is of little or no value to any one except the person -for whom it is made. It requires some degree of patience and perseverance -to overcome the awkwardness and possible disappointment associated with -the first trial of an artificial limb, and if there be no obligation and -no sacrifice on the part of the would-be purchaser provided the limb -is not accepted, there is a possibility of its being declined, and the -maker, through no fault of his work, becomes the loser. On the other -hand, the advance payment made on the limb insures a very persistent -effort on the part of the purchaser to wear it, resulting in success and -satisfaction. - -The purchaser may rest assured that the work will not be slighted in any -degree whatsoever, and that it will be our duty and pleasure to make any -changes necessary to insure comfortable use of the limb any time within a -reasonable period after it is finished. - - -_Installment Payments_ - -We can consistently make a limb and accept installment payments therefor -only on the following conditions: On payment of one-half the price of the -limb with the order, the balance may be paid in amounts and at times—if -within reason—to suit the purchaser; say five dollars each month until -paid for, provided that these payments are secured by notes made or -endorsed by some reliable business man, or other equally good security. -We are perfectly willing to give time for a part payment as stated, -but must insist that we be amply secured against loss from any cause -whatever, and we cannot entertain any proposition wherein this is not -provided for. - - -_In Writing_ - -Describe your case as clearly and briefly as possible, stating whether -amputation is above or below the knee or elbow, when amputated, length -and condition of the stump, your age, weight and occupation, whether -you have ever worn an artificial limb, if so, how long and what make or -makes, and be particular to write your name and address plainly, giving -the post office, county and state. Any inquiries that are made on the -subject of artificial limbs will be promptly answered to the best of -our knowledge, and any information that we can give will be cheerfully -imparted. - - -_Artificial Limbs for U. S. Pensioners_ - -Every officer or enlisted or hired man who has lost a limb, or the -use of a limb, in the military or naval service of the United States, -is entitled to receive once every three years an artificial limb or -apparatus. Necessary transportation to the manufactory and return, by the -most usual and direct route, will be furnished to those desiring it for -the purpose of having artificial limbs fitted, but will not be furnished -except for this purpose. Sleeping-car accommodations will be given upon -request. - -In March, 1891, the law was amended so as to allow an artificial limb -every three years instead of every five as before. The reduction in time -took effect in various ways but was to be counted from March 1, 1891. The -act operates in three ways: - - _First._ Those who were entitled on or after March 3, 1888, are - entitled every three years from such last date. - - _Second._ Those who were entitled between March 3, 1886, and - March 3, 1888, were again entitled March 3, 1891, and every - three years from that date. - - _Third._ Those who were entitled before March 3, 1886, were - again entitled five years from such date, and again every three - years. - -On request of any soldier we will give him the exact date on which he is -entitled to an order for a leg or for commutation. - -Each officer and soldier has his choice either to receive a limb or its -equivalent in money. All who want limbs will gain by taking one from the -Government, because the Government will give transportation to and from -the manufactory, the cost of which in many cases is equal to the value of -the limb. Besides, the Government requires each manufacturer to warrant -his work and material used. The soldier who draws his money and buys a -limb for himself loses all these advantages. Many manufacturers of limbs -will advise soldiers to draw the money and then buy of them, so they will -not be obliged to warrant their limbs to the Government, or give a bond -for the same. - -We furnish legs and arms for all kinds of amputations, on Government -orders. The necessary blanks on which the applications should be made for -limbs and transportation will be furnished to any soldier on application. - -[Illustration] - - - - -[Illustration: _The_ WALKEASY ARTIFICIAL LEG] - - -_The Latest Progress in Artificial Limb Construction_ - -The WALKEASY leg is one of the more recent of the long list of our -artificial limb products. The name signifies more than is ordinarily -supposed by the public at large, and is only comprehended as it should -be by those who are so unfortunate as to require an artificial leg -possessing the requisites indicated by the name WALKEASY. To make the new -leg such as to truly maintain this name will be our aim and effort in all -cases. - -As the weight of the body is imposed upon the artificial leg, under a -high pressure, changing from naught to the entire weight of the body, and -at times to double that weight or more, the least particle of chafing or -friction would soon cause soreness and might continue to that extent that -the limb would be impossible of good, and, moreover, a source of much -injury to the wearer. The amputation of a leg, therefore, requires on the -part of the artificial leg a double degree of responsibility; the limb -must not only fit the remaining mutilated part of the leg comfortably, -but must reproduce the general motion to a greater or lesser degree of -perfection. These are delicate features of artificial limb production, -and in no way are they more perfectly reproduced than in the WALKEASY leg. - -The improvements represented by the WALKEASY leg are not simply -theoretical. We have been quietly experimenting with them for years, not -in the shop only, but they have been put into practical use by wearers, -of various professions and occupations—the correct way of testing an -appliance of this kind; otherwise we would not dare hazard our reputation -on their success. - -The most approved points of excellence in both the ordinary rubber and -wooden feet are combined in the WALKEASY foot. The rubber and wooden -feet, as commonly constructed, while possessing desirable features, are -objectionable and unsuitable in many cases—the rubber foot on account -of its rigid, motionless ankle, and the wooden foot on account of the -hard, unyielding, springless material of which it is constructed. In the -WALKEASY foot both of these features are entirely done away with and the -desirable ones preserved. - -The following are the eminently desirable features of the WALKEASY leg, -a combination of which is not to be found in any other artificial leg -manufactured: - - _First._ The removable sponge-rubber sole of the foot imparts - a soft, noiseless tread, does not cut the stockings, gives a - natural appearance in the shoe, relieves the wearer of much - strain and jar in walking, greatly assists the ankle springs - in their action, producing an increased lifelike motion, and - greatly reduces the chances of breakage of any part of the leg. - - _Second._ The yielding rubber at bottom of foot provides for - a little lateral or side motion, enough for all practical - purposes. - - _Third._ The ankle joint is strongly constructed. A - substance composed of fibre, in which plumbago (black lead) - is incorporated, is used as a bearing on the ankle bolt or - cylinder, making a lubricating and most satisfactory joint. - - _Fourth._ The sponge-rubber or felt sole, which can be easily - and quickly removed and cheaply renewed or repaired without the - necessity of procuring a new foot in case of wear or breakage. - - _Fifth._ No mechanical toe joint, the flexibility of the rubber - or felt giving the desired motion. - - _Sixth._ The cords or tendons come in contact with no surfaces - to cause friction or wear and are adjustable so as to give any - desired mobility to the ankle joint. - - _Seventh._ Knee joints, for amputation below the knee, with - four bearings, taper phosphor bronze bushings, and taper bolts, - giving the greatest degree of wearing surface and requiring the - least possible lubrication. - - _Eighth._ The purchaser has the choice of a wood socket, - leather lacing socket, or the NEVERCHAFE spring socket, which - ever is best adapted and most suitable for the peculiarities of - his case, and for amputation below the knee an extra attachment - is included for use in place of the knee joint and thigh lacer, - at such times as it may suit the wearer to try it. - -The best product in this line, if within the means of the purchaser, -should be the one chosen; but while the WALKEASY leg possesses so many -eminent features it is not more costly than the average product of other -manufacturers. Moreover, our guarantee is that if it fails in realizing -to the wearer what is promised to him, we are more than willing to secure -the point of perfection without extra charge, and make of it for the -wearer his ideal and not ours. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: 200 201 202 203] - - NUMBER 200 - - WALKEASY leg for amputation above the knee, with adjustable - leather lacing socket; any style of suspenders desired. Price - $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 201 - - WALKEASY leg for amputation above the knee, with wood socket; - any style of suspenders; also NEVERCHAFE socket, if desired, - without extra charge. Price $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 202 - - WALKEASY knee-bearing leg, leather socket; used for very short - stump below the knee, or for an inflexible knee-joint; wood - socket made if preferred. Price $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 203 - - WALKEASY end-bearing leg for knee-joint amputation, leather - socket; socket will be made of wood if preferred. Price $100. - Warranted five years. - -[Illustration: 204 205 206 207] - - NUMBER 204 - - WALKEASY leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, for - amputation below the knee; clasp thigh lacer; any other style - used. Price $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 205 - - WALKEASY leg with wooden socket, for amputation below the knee; - NEVERCHAFE socket used, if desired, without extra charge. Price - $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 206 - - WALKEASY leg with leather lacing socket, without knee-joint or - thigh support, for amputation below the knee; not suitable for - short stumps. Price $75. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 207 - - WALKEASY leg with wooden socket, without knee-joint or thigh - support, for amputation below the knee; not suitable for short - stumps; NEVERCHAFE socket used, if desired, without additional - expense. Price $75. Warranted five years. - - -_Sectional View of the Improved Walkeasy Leg_ - -[Illustration: 260 261 262 263] - -No. 260. Some changes have been made in the ankle joint, but the notable -modifications are a foot with thick sponge-rubber removable sole, K-K, -in place of the rubber-covered core; for thigh amputations an adjustable -steel knee cord and spring piston, combined in one piece, E, and -knee-joint tightener, A. - -The removable sole gives us an opportunity of strengthening the upper -part of foot with a rawhide covering. Between the wooden part J and the -rubber K at the toe part, layers of canvas and sole leather are placed -to prevent breaking or turning up of the toe. This, however, is hardly -necessary in most cases, but we consider it an additional protection. -With rubber-covered cores the rubber first breaks away from the top of -the core at the toe part, resulting in turning up of the toe, leaving -little chance to repair it satisfactorily without making a new foot. This -cannot very well take place with the rubber sole, as there is no rubber -above the wood to break away. If, however, it becomes necessary for any -reason to renew the rubber, the sole can be removed by simply taking a -screw out at the bottom of foot, and a new sole or part of a sole put on -at a trifling expense without sending the leg to us, as we keep on file a -pattern of each individual foot made. The greater security by which the -cord ends and the ankle-joint rods are kept in place, and the convenient -method of getting at them, are additional strong points commending the -change. See No. 261. - -The combination knee cord and spring consists of a steel rod carefully -bushed at the joint and extending through a hickory bar in calf of the -leg, with a thick, soft leather washer on the rod under the bar, and a -nut at the end of rod that is reached with thumb and finger through -holes in back of leg for readily adjusting the length. For the knee -spring a suitably protected heavy elastic web is slipped over end of -the rod and adjusted from outside of leg with buckskin strings; as leg -is flexed in act of walking, the rod is forced through the hickory bar, -stretching the web and forcing the lower part of the leg forward in -position for next step; when lower part of leg is flexed at right angles -with the thigh, as in sitting, the pressure of spring is automatically -released. This change simplifies the knee-joint construction, is lighter -and more convenient of adjustment. - -Figs. 262 and 263 illustrate a new knee joint for amputation below the -knee. This is the latest and decidedly the most compact, lightest, and -at the same time the best wearing joint that we have ever adopted, not -excepting the ball-bearing joint, and is recommended in all cases. - -Joints of medium weight are usually applied. A heavier joint of same -pattern is used, however, when the wearer is unusually heavy or desires -an extra strong joint and does not mind the additional weight. Let us see -if we can describe the uniqueness of it, so that it will be understood. - -The head of the joint is very thin (three-eighths of an inch), permitting -the trousers to set smoothly; at the same time there is as much wearing -surface as in an ordinary joint of twice the thickness. C is a phosphor -bronze (the toughest of metal) taper bushing fitted into a taper hole. -B is a taper bolt fitting a taper hole in the bushing; when drawn into -place with screw A, the bushing is wedged into male joint head E tightly, -so that it is practically a part of this male head. In swinging the leg -the movement or wear is on the bolt B inside the cone bushing, giving as -much wearing surface as a joint with male head as thick as this bushing -is long. Perhaps it will be better understood by reference to separate -cuts of the bolt B and bushing C, and stating that the bolt turns or -moves inside the bushing only, and that there is no wearing surface -except between these two parts. - -Parts A, B and C are all made to a size and interchangeable. Any one of -them taken from stock will fit any joint head of this pattern without -special fitting, so that it may be conveniently replaced in case of wear. - - -_The Haberl Patent Foot With Tarsal Articulation_ - -[Illustration: 264 265] - -The novelty of this invention is in the point of articulation being near -the bottom of the foot instead of at the ankle. It does not give as much -motion as the ankle-jointed foot, but is much superior to the rigid ankle -without a joint. The construction is so simple that little explanation is -required. The dotted lines in No. 264 represent hickory plates, covered -with sponge rubber, and No. 265 shows the manner in which the parts are -put together. The heel part is slipped into the round hole in hollow of -foot, and the piece taking the place of the ball and toe part of foot -is passed through into the heel part, as shown by dotted lines in No. -264, and locked together with a steel pin, making a complete hinge. In -finishing, the sponge rubber parts are covered with buckskin or kid. The -entire arrangement is so simple there is very slight probability that any -repairs will be required that the wearer cannot make himself, and the -ease and little expense with which the parts can be renewed commend it -to all who require a strong, serviceable leg. It seems to be a favorite -among miners and others following rough, heavy work who have given it a -trial. - -Under contract with the patentee we have the exclusive right to -manufacture this foot in the United States and Canada. We have made a -good many of them, and have yet to hear the first complaint from any of -the wearers. Wood or leather lacing sockets may be used with this foot. -Price of leg with the Haberl foot, for any amputation above the ankle, -$75, with five-year warranty. - - NOTE.—This foot is patented in the United States, Great - Britain, Canada, Germany, France and Spain. - - -_Attachment for use in place of Thigh Lacer and Knee-joint_ - -In most cases of amputation below the knee, if stump is sound and of -good length, it is possible to comfortably use a leg without the steel -knee-joint and thigh support. Many express a desire to try a leg of this -description, but hesitate to have a leg so constructed, fearing the -result of continually taking the entire weight or bearing on the stump, -with no provision for relieving it. For such as would like to try, at -their convenience and pleasure, a leg without the thigh support, we make -attachment No. 211. The thigh lacer and upper joints can be removed by -taking the knee-joint bolts out and this attachment substituted. At such -times and in such work, when the thigh support would be more desirable, -it can be readily replaced. This attachment is included with the $100 -WALKEASY leg without extra charge; with any other style of leg, price $5. - -[Illustration: 211 212 213] - - -_Neverchafe Spring Socket_ - -This is a leather socket moulded over a cast of the stump, and suspended -to the inner side of a wooden socket or shell with adjustable rubber -webbing in such a manner as to avoid all friction or chafing of the stump -and to give a comfortable, helpful spring at each step of the wearer, -the sensation being much the same as though the weight were on an air -cushion, with no pressure on the end of the stump whatever. No. 212 for -amputation below the knee; No. 213 for amputation above the knee. - -This socket is particularly suitable for short stumps. The inner socket, -being made of stiff leather, practically lengthens the stump, giving -increased leverage, a condition greatly to be desired in such cases. It -is also a very great relief to tender and sensitive stumps; the slipping -and rubbing occasioned more or less in walking on an artificial leg, -takes place with this attachment between the inner spring socket and the -outer wood socket; the pressure of the springs keeping the inner socket -snugly against the stump in all positions, precludes the possibility of -any friction on the stump. - -For stumps that become swollen in hot weather, or that require extra -covering in cool weather, or for such as have never used an artificial -leg, with the consequent probability of the stump rapidly reducing, this -inner socket may be made adjustable by lacing. - -While this is undoubtedly the most suitable and comfortable socket for -very short and sensitive stumps, some prefer the highly polished wooden -socket, and others the adjustable leather lacing socket. All purchasers -of the WALKEASY leg have their choice of socket; the selection should -be influenced by the length and condition of the stump, the weight and -occupation of the wearer, and other considerations. In all cases we -guarantee a comfortable socket and one that will not chafe. - - -_New Adjustable Leather Lacing Socket_ - -This new socket is for amputation below the knee. The adjustment is made -at the back of the socket instead of at the front, as in the lacing -sockets heretofore made. The improvement is so marked that the wonder -is we did not make the change earlier. Much of the weight on the stump -is taken just where the socket was previously made to open, and it was -necessary to reinforce the lacing with a strap. When laced in the back -of socket the front is stronger, more comfortable, and dresses more -smoothly; furthermore, there is more shrinkage of a stump in the calf -than in front; and in being able to make the adjustment in the back part -of the socket, it is kept nearer the shape that will conform to the shape -of the stump than when laced in front. This socket is illustrated in the -various engravings representing legs for below the knee amputation. See -frontispiece, No. 204, No. 227 and No. 228. - -[Illustration] - - - - -PART II - - -In this part we give descriptions and illustrations of ordinary styles -of legs, such as we have made here—with various modifications and -improvements, as suggested by time, wear and experience—for forty-five -years. Excepting the WALKEASY leg, described in Part I, there are no -better nor more reliable artificial limbs made anywhere by anyone, _and -the prices are much below_ those charged by other manufacturers. - -The various styles are: - - Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and wooden socket. - - Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and leather lacing - socket. - - Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army and navy or two-ball) - and wooden socket. - - Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army and navy or two-ball) - and adjustable leather lacing socket. - - Foot with sponge-rubber or felt removable sole and rigid ankle - and wooden socket. - - Foot with rigid ankle and adjustable leather lacing socket. - -The cords and springs used in the legs with articulated ankle joints are -the same as are used in the WALKEASY leg. The springs are rubber used by -compression, imparting easy, uniform motion, their power and action being -regulated by simply turning a nut, so that the wearer may adjust them to -suit his own peculiar gait. - -In walking, when the weight of the body rests on the ball of the -foot, the spring in the back part of the leg (heel spring) is firmly -compressed, and when the weight of the body is thrown forward on to the -other foot the spring rises and carries the foot forward to its place -with very little effort of the wearer, assisting greatly in carrying the -weight of the leg. - -The prices for legs described in this part, for amputation at any point -above the ankle, are, including suspenders, stump socks, etc., complete: - - $50, warranted for one year. - - $60, warranted for three years. - - $70, warranted for five years. - -A copy of the warranty is given on page 18. - -Just as good a leg in every way is made for $50 as is made for $70, the -difference in price being determined wholly by the time the warranty is -made to cover. - -If undetermined as to which leg would be best adapted to any particular -case, and it is left to our judgment to select, upon receipt of -measurements and full particulars we will construct the one we honestly -and conscientiously believe will give the most lasting and comfortable -service. We are equally interested with the purchaser in doing this, -as the continued good name of our establishment, as well as our future -prosperity, depend wholly upon the durability of our work and the comfort -with which it is worn. - - -_Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint_ - -This joint is formed by a polished glass ball plying in a socket of -vulcanite, the foot and ankle being joined together with four tendons, -passing through rubber springs in the ankle; this joint admits of every -motion the natural ankle has. In walking on the side of a hill or -inclined plane, or where the foot is used to brace the body, the ankle -flexes laterally and the foot remains flat on the ground, thus giving a -firm base of support. The motion closely imitates the movement of the -natural ankle, and this joint is desirable for light work and short, -tender stumps. Notwithstanding it is more complicated than any of our -other styles, requiring more care and attention, there are hundreds -of people using it with such comfort and satisfaction that under no -circumstances whatever could they be induced to use any other. No. 216, -on page 40. - - -_Double Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint_ - -This joint is a unique invention, and the idea of its construction -was suggested by the single ball-and-socket joint. It consists of two -polished glass balls plying in sockets of fibre. There is no substance -that could be used for this purpose that presents a harder, smoother -surface than glass, and when in the shape of solid polished spheres, -plying in perfectly fitted sockets, they are practically indestructible; -there is no such thing as wearing them out. A linked steel rod and a back -and front tendon securely connect the foot and ankle. The tendons, also -the rubber springs, are the same as used in all of our legs, and are -applied in the same manner. This is a somewhat lighter joint than the -army and navy joint and is recommended for persons of light or medium -weight. No. 217, on page 40. - - -_Army and Navy Ankle Joint_ - -The axis of this joint consists of a hollow steel bolt securely fastened -in the foot with two vertical rods with nuts at the lower ends. The bolt -is stationary in the foot, the ankle working on the upper surface of the -bolt, leaving no possible chance for an accumulation of any grit or dirt, -thus making a self-cleaning joint. The steel rod, together with the front -and back cords, connects the foot and the ankle. Provision is made for -tightening the ankle rod with a nut on the upper end, so as to regulate -the friction on the bolt and to compensate for any wear that may take -place at the joint. This is recommended as being the strongest and most -serviceable of the wooden feet. No. 218. - - -_A New Foot with Rigid Ankle_ - -This is not properly a rubber foot, but a modification of the so-called -rubber foot suggested by improvements on our WALKEASY foot. In the -construction of the old-style rubber foot a wooden core is covered with -rubber and properly cured or vulcanized by heat. It is impossible to -strengthen or reinforce this wooden core with a covering of rawhide as is -done on the other parts of an artificial leg, because the heat necessary -in vulcanizing the rubber burns and ruins the rawhide. This is obviated -by the method of construction of this new foot. - -The upper part of the foot is firmly attached to the ankle part by a pin, -and the entire wood part is covered with rawhide. Thus the upper part -of the foot forms practically one piece with the ankle, and strength is -gained without adding weight. The sponge-rubber removable sole is fitted -into a recess channeled in the foot and is securely held in place by one -screw. No rubber is used at the top of the foot, but more is used on the -sole where it is most needed. - -If a foot needs be made extremely light a fine quality of felt is used in -place of the rubber. The felt does not give as much spring and elasticity -to the tread of the foot as the sponge rubber, and nothing is gained by -using it except reduction in weight. - -[Illustration: 216 217 218 267] - -To prevent wear at the part corresponding with the toe joint of the -natural foot, layers of canvas are cemented on the upper surface of the -rubber sole where it comes in contact with the extreme forward part of -the wooden portion. Should the rubber sole give way or wear out, the worn -part, or indeed the entire sole, may be renewed at small expense without -the necessity of replacing the entire foot as in the old style of rubber -foot. - -Altogether this is a lighter, stronger and more serviceable foot, more -easily and inexpensively kept in order. A sectional view of this foot is -shown in No. 267. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: 220 221 222 223] - - NUMBER 220 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden foot, ankle - joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable leather lacing - socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, - three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 221 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden foot, ankle - joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket. Price, complete, - $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 222 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, with rigid - ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather lacing socket. Price, - complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, - five years. - - NUMBER 223 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, with - rigid ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - -[Illustration: 224 225 226 227] - - NUMBER 224 - - Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when the knee - joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump is too short for - the successful use of a socket leg; new foot with rigid ankle - No. 267, and leather socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted - for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - The sockets on Nos. 224 and 225 may be transposed, using the - leather socket on No. 225 or the wooden socket on No. 224. - - NUMBER 225 - - Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when the knee - joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump is too short for - the successful use of a socket leg; wooden foot, ankle joint - No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - Leg for knee-joint amputation is made similar to the - knee-bearing legs and prices are the same. The upper part of - leg for this kind of amputation is made same as shown by No. - 203 on page 26. - - NUMBER 226 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, ankle joint - No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 227 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, ankle joint No. - 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable leather lacing socket. Price, - complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, - five years. - -[Illustration: 228 229 230 231] - - NUMBER 228 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, with rigid - ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather lacing socket. Price, - complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, - five years. - - NUMBER 229 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, with rigid - ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 230 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee joints or thigh - support. This style of leg is hardly suitable for stumps less - than six inches in length. With a sound stump of sufficient - length it may be worn with much satisfaction, as it is about - one-third lighter than one with the knee joints and thigh band, - and the wearer experiences much less restraint in its use, both - in walking and sitting. It is, however, not recommended if the - stump is sore or sensitive, as the entire pressure or bearing - must be taken on the stump, with no provision for relieving it - as with the leg with thigh band. No. 230 shows the leg with - new foot, with rigid ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather - lacing socket. A wooden socket with the same foot will be used - if desired. Price, complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, - three years; $65, five years. If this leg is purchased, and it - subsequently proves unsatisfactory, knee joints and thigh bands - will be put on for $10. - - NUMBER 231 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee joints or thigh - support, wooden foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and - wooden socket, or adjustable leather lacing socket if desired. - Price, complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, three years; - $65, five years. Any time after leg is finished joints and - thigh band will be put on for $10. - - -_Amputations at or below the Ankle Joint_ - -Amputations at or below the ankle joint are usually performed with the -expectation that much of the weight of the body can be borne on the end -of the stump or plantar surface of the remaining part of the foot, and in -most cases this can be done. Owing to the little space below the end of -the stump, it is desirable, with few exceptions, to construct feet for -these amputations without articulated ankle joints. - -[Illustration: 232 233 234 235 236 237 270] - - NUMBER 232 - - Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) operation, with new foot with rigid - ankle No. 267, without knee joints or thigh support. Price, - complete, $40, warranted for one year; $50, three years; $60, - five years. - - NUMBER 233 - - Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) amputation, with new foot with - rigid ankle No. 267, with knee joints and thigh support, used - when little or no pressure or weight can be taken on the end of - the stump. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, - three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 234 - - Stump after amputation through or near the instep. - - NUMBER 235 - - Appliance for partial amputation of foot. The foot is made of - wood, covered with rawhide, and has an articulated toe joint; - leather sheath coming up above the ankle, laced in front. - Price, $25. - - NUMBER 236 - - Appliance for amputation through the instep similar to No. 235, - with sheath extending well up on the leg, and laced in the - back. Price, $30. - - NUMBER 237 - - Appliance for partial amputation of foot. Wooden foot, toe - joint, leather sheath extending to the knee, with side joints. - This is used when little or no weight can be taken on the end - of stump, the weight being supported by the leather sheath on - the leg below the knee. Price, $40. - - NUMBER 270 - - An entirely new style of foot for amputation at the ankle - joint. The leather sheath encases the stump from the knee - to the end. The articulated joint is made by putting the - bolt or cylinder entirely through the foot, giving a good - wearing surface similar to the artificial knee joint used for - amputations above the knee. If there is little room below end - of stump the foot would be made of hard wood. - - -_Peg Legs_ - -These low-priced legs are carefully fitted, and, excepting No. 242, -are covered with rawhide and enameled the same as the legs with feet. -They have heavy iron ferrules screwed to the bottom, in which a rubber -cushion is used. If desired at some future time, a foot and ankle may be -attached. Measurements, mould, profiles, etc., same as for leg with foot, -excepting that no foot measurements are required, and length of sound leg -should be taken with shoe on. - -The prices include suspenders and stump stock. - -[Illustration: 238 239 240 241 242] - - NUMBER 238 - - Peg leg without knee joint, for amputation above the knee; - wooden socket; adjustable leather lacing socket used if - preferred. Price, including suspenders, $18. - - NUMBER 239 - - Peg leg with knee joint, for amputation above the knee; shown - with wooden socket; adjustable leather lacing socket used if - preferred; automatic lock, making knee stiff in standing; - pressing the button in the back part of joint releases the knee - lock so that joint may be flexed in sitting. Price, including - suspenders, $25. - - NUMBER 240 - - Peg leg with wooden socket, for amputation below the knee. - Price, including suspenders, if desired, $25. - - NUMBER 241 - - Peg leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, for amputation - below the knee. Price, including suspenders, if desired, $25. - - NUMBER 242 - - Skeleton peg leg for amputation below the knee, to be used with - knee resting on pad. The measurements required: distance from - knee to floor, diameter through the knee from side to side - outside clothing. State whether for right or left leg. Price $8. - - -_Suspenders_ - -All artificial legs for thigh amputations require support from shoulders -or waist. For amputations at or below the knee, except ankle joint and -partial foot amputations, it is desirable to have suspenders attached -for beginners. Many, however, discard them after a time. All legs that -we make requiring suspenders are equipped with them, any form desired, -without extra charge. We are not confined to the styles illustrated; they -will be modified to suit the purchaser or any peculiarities of the case. - -[Illustration: 252 253 254 255 256 257] - - NUMBER 252 - - Suspender for leg amputation with forked straps to be attached - to artificial leg below the knee; heavy elastic web between the - buckle and fork; this is a popular style. Price, $1.50. - - NUMBER 253 - - A waist belt for women to which elastic straps are attached - in back and front, or the forked strap in front only. This is - for amputation below the knee. It is, however, often used in - connection with suspenders, which pass over the shoulders, on - legs for thigh amputation. Price, complete for leg amputation, - $2. - - NUMBER 254 - - For women. Corset with roller suspenders attached to waist - belt, used when amputation is above the knee. This is a much - more convenient and comfortable support for women than any kind - of suspender straps. The belt or straps can be made to attach - to any corset. Price, including corset, $5. - - NUMBER 255 - - Roller suspenders for leg for thigh amputation. Crossed or - looped behind and looped in front if desired. Price, $4. - - NUMBER 256 - - The roller or pulley used on the roller suspenders. The action - of the straps under these rollers prevents drawing over the - shoulders, in stooping, sitting or lying down, the suspenders - remaining stationary on the shoulders. Price, 25 cents each. - - NUMBER 257 - - Suspenders, partial elastic, of the ordinary pattern, for thigh - amputation; riveted so as to swivel on a leather strap laced - around the upper part of the socket. Price, $3. - -The back part of the sockets of all legs for thigh amputations is padded. -This prevents the wear and cutting of the clothing when sitting on a hard -seat of any kind. Without the padding, destruction of the clothing can -hardly be avoided. - -[Illustration: 258 259] - - -_Fitting Tool_ - - NUMBER 258. There are changes in stumps from time to time - requiring slight smoothing or easing out in the socket. A - wooden socket can most conveniently and effectually be cut out - with one of these fitting tools, such as are used by artificial - limb makers. Price, $1.50. - - -_Stump Socks_ - - NUMBER 259. Socks made from soft woolen yarn are the most - convenient and comfortable covering that can be worn on a - stump, with or without an artificial leg. With a properly - fitted socket, either wood or leather, it is as much padding - as is required. To compensate for shrinkage of the stump, - two or three extra socks may be added from time to time as - required. It is desirable, however, if the stump has become so - much reduced that more covering than this is needed, to have - the socket lined with leather or felt, and if it should still - further reduce, a new socket or top is the best remedy. - - -PRICE LIST - -Delivered by mail or express on receipt of price. - - =================+================+=======+======= - Length of |Circumference at| Price | Price - Sock | largest part of| Each | per - | Stump | | Dozen - -----------------+----------------+-------+------- - 10 inches or less|Under 15 inches | $0.35 | $3.50 - 10 to 16 inches |Under 15 inches | .45 | 4.50 - 10 to 16 inches |Over 15 inches | .55 | 5.50 - 16 to 22 inches |Under 15 inches | .55 | 5.50 - 16 to 22 inches |Over 15 inches | .65 | 6.50 - 22 to 28 inches |Under 15 inches | .65 | 6.50 - 22 to 28 inches |Over 15 inches | .75 | 7.50 - 28 to 34 inches |Under 15 inches | .75 | 7.50 - 28 to 34 inches |Over 15 inches | .85 | 8.50 - -----------------+----------------+-------+------- - -One-fourth or one-half dozen at dozen rates. - -Length of sock should be two or three inches longer than the remaining -part of the mutilated leg. - -State whether amputation is above, below, or at the knee; give length and -circumference at top and two inches from the end of stump. - - -_Artificial Legs for Deformities_ - -We make limbs for all manner of deformities, each one specially designed -and constructed to conform to the individual peculiarities. With a -fair degree of strength in the deficient limb, comfortable support -and probability of easy locomotion are assured the wearers of these -appliances. Rubber or wooden foot can be used. Prices vary from $50 to -$100, according to the difficulties to be overcome in proper construction -and comfortable fitting. After receiving full description, exact price -will be given. A plaster mould or cast of the deformed limb should be -forwarded, together with measurements of sound limb, same as in case of -an amputation. - -[Illustration: 243 244] - - NUMBER 243 - - This cut represents one of the more difficult of the many legs - we are called upon to make for malformations. This particular - limb was made from measurements and cast of deformed leg (No. - 244) without the presence of the applicant at the factory. - After one or two trials in the rough it was finished and is - being used with the utmost satisfaction. - - -_Price List of Supplies_ - - Elastic Web, 5 inches wide, per yard $1.00 - - Elastic Web, heavy, 2 inches wide, per yard .60 - - Elastic Web, heavy, 1½ inches wide, per yard .50 - - Elastic Web, heavy, 1 inch wide, per yard .40 - - Elastic Web, heavy, ¾ inch wide, per yard .30 - - Non-elastic Web, cotton, 2 inches wide, per yard .20 - - Non-elastic Web, cotton, 1½ inches wide, per yard .15 - - Non-elastic Web, worsted, tubular, 2 inches wide, per yard .30 - - Buckle, brass, 2 inches wide, each .05 - - Buckle Roller, single prong, ⅞, ¾ or ⅝ inch wide, each .05 - - Buckle Snaps .05 - - Felt, best fine wool, per ounce .25 - - Knee Spring, made from 5-inch web, complete, each 1.00 - - Knee Spring Rod, C, cut No. 260, each 1.25 - - Knee Bolt, for amputation above knee, complete, each 1.50 - - Knee Bolt End Screw, each .25 - - Knee Cord, with adjustable attachment, each 1.00 - - Knee Cord, without adjustable attachment, each .50 - - Knee Joint Bolts and Screws, each .25 - - Bushings for same, each .05 - - Lacing Strings, rawhide or buckskin, each .10 - - Lacing Hooks, each 3 cents, per dozen .25 - - Lacing Eyelets, ¼ or ⁵⁄₁₆ inch, per dozen .10 - - Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - heel, each 1.00 - - Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - front or side, each .75 - - Ankle-Cord Loops, without top or spring, each .50 - - Ankle-Cord Springs, heel or front, each .20 - - Ankle-Cord Wrench, each .25 - - Ankle Bolt, steel, each 1.25 - - Ball Socket for ball-and-socket ankle, each .50 - - Rotary Stopper for ball-and-socket ankle, each .50 - - Toe Cord or Rod with Bracket, each .25 - - Toe-Spring Rubber, each .15 - - Toe Fasteners, each .10 - - Rubber Cushion for bottom of peg leg, 2 inches diameter, each .50 - -Sent post-paid on receipt of price. - -In ordering cords, if with the screw tops, give length from inside -of loop at one end to the other extreme end; if without the screw -attachment, give length from inside of loop at one extreme end to inside -of loop at the other extreme end. - - -_Price List for Repairs_ - - Neverchafe Socket, for amputation above or below the knee. - Inner leather, $5.00; outer wooden shell, $15.00; both $20.00 - - Wooden Socket, for amputation above or below the knee 15.00 - - Leather Lacing Socket, for amputation above or below the knee 15.00 - - New Knee, complete, for thigh amputation leg 15.00 - - New Knee, upper part only 8.00 - - New Knee, lower part only 7.00 - - New Walkeasy Ankle 15.00 - - New Walkeasy Foot, sponge-rubber sole 15.00 - - New Walkeasy Foot and Ankle 25.00 - - New Wooden Foot 10.00 - - New Rubber Foot with rigid ankle 10.00 - - New Foot and Ankle; wooden foot with ankle joint, or rubber - foot with rigid ankle 15.00 - - New Knee Joints 7.00 - - New Thigh Lacer, for amputation below the knee 3.00 - - Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for thigh amputation 7.00 - - Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for leg amputation 5.00 - -For other repairs, difficult of enumeration, a charge of 50 cents per -hour will be made. - - - - -PART III - -ARTIFICIAL ARMS - - -The construction of artificial arms may be said to have commenced with -the sixteenth century. “The distinguished Chevalier Göetz fought at -the head of the army of Margrave Frederick from 1504 to 1562 with an -artificial iron hand. The fingers of this hand were closed one after the -other by the action of several springs. We are further informed that -this hand, which possessed enormous weight, enclosed the stump, and was -attached to the armor which covered the body.” - -During the sixteenth century many very defective artificial arms were -made, which, however, served the purpose for which they were intended, as -they enabled the wearers to engage in battle, guide their horses, etc. -The artificial hand being once attached to the weapon or bridle rein, -mechanism for articulating the fingers was not deemed necessary. - -Ambrose Parè, a noted French physician, born in 1500, and called the -father of French surgery, describes an artificial hand made of iron, with -more perfect mechanism than the one worn by Göetz; in this hand the thumb -is immovable and all the fingers are opened and closed simultaneously -under the influence of a single spring. - -During Ambrose Parè’s time efforts were made to restore natural movements -of the lost parts in order to enable the maimed to perform all ordinary -labor. Leather, paper, and other metals were substituted for iron. -Parè leaves a figure of a leather hand, but without details as to its -mechanism; it is apparently made with immovable fingers and thumb, but -with a sheath inserted between the thumb and index finger for receiving -a pen, etc. He further describes an artificial forearm, which can, by -the aid of the sound hand, be brought into any degree of flexion and -maintained there by the use of a pawl caught into meshes of a cog wheel. -The artificial arms described by Ambrose Parè, although extremely heavy, -seem to have been in favor until the latter part of the eighteenth -century; at this time a monk of the order of Carmelites designed a hand -made of sheet tin, with movable fingers and thumb, to be articulated by -movement of the stump, but we are informed that it was too complicated to -be used with any degree of success except in cases of amputation near the -wrist joint. We have a description of an arm made subsequently of leather -and covered with sheepskin, colored in such a manner as to represent the -appearance of the human skin, and to make it appear more natural the -nails were made of white horn. The improvements in the hand were mostly -in the appearance, without any important addition to its utility or -usefulness. - -In 1818 a Dr. Graefe suggested the construction of an arm susceptible -of manipulation by means of cords attached to a corset surrounding the -shoulders, the arm to be moved without the aid of the sound hand. This -principle of attachment for the movement of the forearm and fingers is -followed to the present time with various modifications. - -The early history of artificial arms seems to refer mainly to their -special construction and application for people of renown who had -suffered the loss of their natural extremities. Until a comparatively -recent period the impracticability, on account of complicated heavy -mechanism, and the great expense of these appliances, precluded anything -like a general demand for their use. As the inventive geniuses of modern -times have devised and produced so many labor and time-saving instruments -and machines, that are, however useful, nevertheless the cause of much -horrible mutilation of humanity, so also have they in some measure made -compensation to the maimed by the progress and improvement attained in -the utility of the appliances for the substitution of lost members. -Simplicity of mechanism, the application of extremely light material in -such a manner as to preserve the necessary strength, are the prominent -features of progress in artificial arm construction, and in combination -with the prevailing moderate prices, bring them into popular favor with -those who have use for them. - -However light, strong and mechanically perfect an arm and hand may -be made, its success or failure—provided the stump is sound and -of sufficient length—depends much upon the continued patience and -perseverance of the wearer in getting accustomed to its use. The -preservation of the form and the general improvement in the appearance -produced by a properly constructed and comfortably fitted arm, to say -nothing of its usefulness and convenience, should be an incentive to -persistent effort on the part of the wearer to habituate himself to it, -and if this is practiced for a few weeks there need be no fear of the -ultimate result. - - -_Sockets for the Stumps_ - -For amputation below the elbow the neatest and best fitting socket is -made from specially prepared stiff leather moulded over a cast of the -stump, supported with a framework of steel and lined with buckskin or -kid. The advantages over a wooden socket are that it is less clumsy, -adheres more closely to the stump, that there is no danger of splitting, -and withal is equally as durable. We make them, however, of wood if -desired. For amputation above the elbow the artificial elbow is made of -wood, and it is sometimes desirable to extend the wood upward in one -piece to form the socket. - - -_Aluminum_ - -Much has been anticipated and hoped for in artificial limb work from this -new and extremely light metal, but it has proved objectionable for any -parts in both arms and legs that come in near contact with the stumps, -owing to the rapid oxidization that takes place from perspiration, and -its practical use is confined to fingers, toes, and such other minor -fixtures as are not likely to come in contact with any part of the body. - - -_Artificial Hands_ - -Whatever their mechanical perfection, artificial hands can, in fact, -possess but one useful quality, that of seizing objects like pincers. -In nearly every act performed by the natural fingers are combined -flexion, extension, prehension, and many other different movements; this -combination no mechanic has ever been able—and probably none ever will be -able—to successfully reproduce in an artificial hand. It is, therefore, -practically useless that the fingers should be movable, since a less -complicated, lighter and stronger hand can be made with fingers rigid, -in a half-closed, natural position, articulating the thumb only, which -results in a more powerful spring and consequently a greater degree of -firm grasping power. The fingers being strengthened with steel plates -running through them, reinforced with a covering of rawhide, and securely -fastened to the hand, heavy objects may be lifted without danger of the -fingers straightening out and the object dropping to the ground. - -While we furnish the hand with movable fingers, and the rubber hand -with ductile rubber fingers, the wooden hand with rigid fingers and -movable thumb is recommended as giving the most practical, durable, and -satisfactory service. - - -_The Color_ - -Artificial hands are covered with a delicately tinted enamel, as nearly a -flesh color as it is possible to make; but in order that they may be less -conspicuous and the illusion more complete a glove should be worn at all -times. We furnish a pair of gloves with each hand. - - -_Tools and Implements_ - -Tools and implements in almost limitless variety can be used in an arm -in place of the hand. Those most frequently used are the plain hook, -double hook, ring, knife, fork, brush, and spoon. People who have never -worn arms hardly know what will be of service to them. Special tools -are required for special work, and these can be subsequently provided -when it has been determined what will be most useful. With all arms with -detachable hands, or rubber hands with the palm socket, we furnish a -plain hook, knife, fork, and brush, without extra charge, or the price -of any of these implements that are not wanted will be deducted from the -price of the arm. - - -_Finger Construction_ - -Usually the fingers for artificial hands are made of a single piece -of wood, and it is obvious if the finger is curved or flexed that at -some point the grain of the wood will be directly across the finger and -will quickly break if subjected to any considerable strain. To obviate -this difficulty we make the fingers for the wooden hands of two pieces -of wood; on one side the grain or fibre runs lengthwise, and on the -other crosswise, and between these two pieces of wood is placed a steel -plate, and all are firmly riveted together, the steel plate projecting -sufficiently to be securely riveted to the hand. The fingers are next -entirely covered with rawhide, which, together with the other precautions -taken against breakage, make them sufficiently strong to support the -weight of the wearer. See No. 300, page 64. - - -_Partial Amputation of Hand_ - -No. 301 (page 64) represents a stump after partial amputation of the -hand, leaving free use of thumb, but it is with difficulty that this -can be brought in contact with the remaining stump so as to be of -service. No. 302 represents, for stumps of this description, a wooden -sheath, terminating in immovable fingers partially closed, the hand -being attached to the wrist and forearm by means of a leather lacing -attachment. The sheath is covered with rawhide and enameled, and the -fingers made as shown in No. 300. Price $40. - -Should there be amputation at the base of two or three fingers only, -with no impairment in the movements of the remaining one or two, so that -they can be brought in firm contact with the thumb, what is left of such -a mutilated hand is far more useful than anything that can possibly be -made to supplement it, but to conceal the loss and give the hand a more -perfect appearance, fingers can be made and applied as represented by No. -302, over which a glove should be worn. - -Nos. 303 and 304 (page 64) show an apparatus useful in all kinds of labor -for persons who have undergone a partial amputation of the hand. It -consists of a leather sheath, laced to the forearm. Attached to the under -surface of this sheath is a steel plate, which extends downward under the -stump, turning up slightly at the end. At the end is an aperture through -which it is possible to slip the handles of tools and implements, passing -them beneath the stump, where they are securely held in place by pressure -of the stump. Price $20. - -[Illustration: 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 -314 316 317] - -No. 305 represents a stump after an amputation of all the fingers and -thumb, and No. 306 an artificial wooden hand for same, with stationary -fingers and articulated thumb with a powerful spring to be opened with -the assistance of the sound hand. Price $40. - - -_Rubber Hand_ - -With the assistance of the other hand, or by pressing against some -resisting body, the ductile rubber fingers of the hand No. 307 may be -changed in position to suit the needs of the wearer as shown by the -dotted lines in the illustration. For those who prefer the rubber to the -wooden hand it will be furnished with any of the arms we make. It can -be attached permanently to the forearm, detachable at the wrist, with -provision for using a hook of other implement in place of the hand, or -furnished with a palm socket and lock for the use of hook, knife, fork, -etc., without removing the hand. See No. 308. - - -_Connections_ - -No. 309 represents a new method for connecting the hand and arm. -Heretofore the devices in use could not be absolutely relied upon to keep -the hand or tools in place. It mattered not how strongly the fingers were -made for lifting heavy weights, the customary spring or set-screw used -for locking this connection was liable to loosen or give way without -warning and cause much annoyance, if not injury. On the hand plate two -studs are riveted, the heads of which pass into keyholes in the arm -plate. With a slight turn of the hand the heads pass into the slots of -the keyholes, bringing the heads of the studs under the arm plate; they -are kept immovable with a spring that automatically slips into a slot in -the edge of the plate; the spring is released by a pressure of the thumb -of the sound hand in twisting the artificial hand off. The hook and other -tools have a lug at the end of the spindle or shank; after passing the -shank through the hole in the center of the arm plate, it is turned to -any desired position and held firmly in place with the wing nut, as shown -in No. 310. - -[Illustration: 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325] - - -_Some of the Implements_ - -Some of the implements that may be attached in the wrist plate when the -hand is removed are also shown in the illustration. All excepting the -brush are made of steel, or other suitable metal. - - No. 310—Single Hook Price $1.00 - No. 311—Brush ” 1.00 - No. 312—Spoon ” 1.00 - No. 313—Table Knife ” 1.00 - No. 314—Table Fork ” 1.00 - No. 316—Double Hook ” 3.00 - No. 317—Ring ” 2.00 - -Special knife, fork, brush, and hook will be made for use in the palm of -rubber hand, No. 308, without additional charge. Other tools, such as -pincers, claw hook, clevis, etc., will be made to order when desired. - - -_Wrist Joint Amputations_ - -These usually leave a stump somewhat larger at the end than immediately -above (see No. 318, page 64), thus providing a means of securely applying -the arm and keeping it in place without the necessity of attachment above -the elbow, as shown in No. 319. - -Attachments above the elbow may, however, be put on if thought best, and -for amputation at or a short distance above the wrist it is preferable -to make the connection at the elbow with leather straps, as shown in No. -320, rather than with steel joints. - -The socket of any arm for amputation between wrist and elbow will be made -to lace if desired. - - -PRICES, NOS. 319 AND 320 (See page 66) - - With wood or rubber hand, permanently attached to forearm, - no provision for tools, and without attachment above - the elbow $30.00 - - The same with attachment above the elbow 35.00 - - Rubber hand, not detachable at wrist, but with palm socket, - including knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment - above the elbow 35.00 - - The same with attachment above the elbow 40.00 - - With wood or rubber hand, detachable at the wrist, including - knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment above - the elbow 40.00 - - The same with attachment above the elbow 45.00 - -No. 321 represents arm for amputation below the elbow, leather socket -and leather lacer above the elbow, both reinforced with steel frame, -connected at elbow with steel joint straps. - -No. 322 is a detachable wooden hand, with rigid fingers and movable -thumb. A traction rod for opening the thumb with motion of shoulder is -shown in the illustration; a web strap is buttoned to the upper end of -the traction rod and passes over opposite shoulder, as shown in No. 326, -page 70. Any motion of the shoulder that will draw on this rod will open -the thumb, and when the tension is released a strong spring in the thumb -brings it back in contact with the first finger. For single amputations -there is little or no advantage in having this attachment put on; it -necessarily requires more complicated and expensive mechanism, without -any practical gain to the wearer. For double amputations something -of this kind must be depended upon for assistance, and to obtain the -greatest benefit from artificial arms, means similar to this for -operating the movement of the thumb are absolutely required. One or more -movable fingers in conjunction with the thumb may be operated in the same -manner. - - -PRICES, NO. 321 - -Including Plain Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush - - Arm without hand, used as a peg arm; a hand may be - subsequently applied $25.00 - - Arm with wooden or rubber hand, detachable at wrist 50.00 - - Arm with wooden hand and traction rod for opening thumb from - shoulder 60.00 - - -_Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint_ - -No. 323 represents arm with ball-and-socket wrist joint for amputation -below the elbow, but not suitable for an amputation near the wrist for -the reason that the space in that locality is required for the mechanism -of the joint. In the various uses to which an artificial hand may be put, -a change in the position of the hand is often desirable; for example, -in keeping a book or paper in position while being written upon with -the sound hand, the artificial hand can be turned so that the tips of -the fingers will rest upon and hold the article securely in place. In -bringing the arm in front of the body the ball-and-socket joint admits -of the hand being brought near to the body in a very easy, lifelike -manner. In other positions desired the hand may be placed at the degree -of flexion most convenient and helpful and that giving the most natural -appearance. No. 332, on page 72, gives an illustration of the details -of the joint. The forearm and attachment above the elbow are leather, -supported with steel framework same as No. 321. Wooden hand with movable -thumb is furnished with or without traction rod for opening thumb with -shoulder movement, but no provision is made for the use of a hook or -other implement in place of the hand. A rubber hand with palm socket for -implements can be attached if preferred, but is somewhat heavier. For -persons not employed in laborious occupations and who have no occasion -to use a hook or similar implement, this style of arm is desirable; for -others we would recommend No. 321. - - -PRICES, NO. 323 - - Without traction rod for opening the thumb $50.00 - - With traction rod attachment for opening thumb by shoulder - movement 60.00 - - -_For Deformed Arm_ - -No. 324, page 66, represents irregularly formed forearm and hand, the -forearm being considerably shorter than the opposite one. No. 325 -represents artificial arm and hand made to supply the deficiency. The -hand may be wood or rubber and detachable or not at the wrist, and -provision made for the use of implements the same as in case of an -amputation. These malformations are treated mechanically the same as -amputations. Plaster moulds or casts of the deformed parts are required, -together with measurements of the opposite arm and hand. - - -PRICES, NO. 325 - - With wood or rubber hand $50.00 - - With wooden hand, thumb opened by movement of shoulder 60.00 - - -_Manner of Attaching Arm and Straps_ - -No. 326 illustrates arm for amputation below the elbow, equipped with -shoulder cap, strap passing around body for holding it in place, and the -attachment for opening the thumb by movement of the opposite shoulder. If -thumb is to be opened with the assistance of the sound hand, this extra -strap and traction rod are omitted. - -[Illustration: 326] - - -_Arm for Amputation above the Elbow_ - -No. 327 on the next page represents a wooden arm for amputation above -the elbow, fitted with cord for raising forearm and locking it at right -angles. This is operated as shown in No. 330, while the mechanism is the -same as shown in detailed drawing No. 332. Wooden or rubber hand No. 328 -is furnished permanently attached or detachable, but this arm may be used -as a peg, without hand, hook No. 310 or other implement being used in -place of the hand. It can also be made as a peg without a joint at elbow, -straight or curved to any desired angle. - - -PRICES, NO. 327 - -Including Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush - - Without elbow joint or hand $30.00 - - Without hand, but with elbow joint without gearing for - raising forearm 35.00 - - Without hand, but with elbow joint with gearing for raising - forearm 40.00 - - With wooden or rubber hand permanently attached, without the - implements and without gearing for raising forearm 50.00 - - With gearing for raising forearm 60.00 - - With detachable wooden or rubber hand, including implements, - without gearing for raising forearm 60.00 - - With gearing for raising forearm 65.00 - - -_Manner of Attaching_ - -No. 330 represents the corset that is used with arms for upper -amputation. The arm is laced or buckled to the corset, and draught cord -in the back is for raising the forearm by a shrug of the shoulders. - - -_Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint for Amputation above the Elbow_ - -No. 331 represents wooden arm for amputation above the elbow, with -ball-and-socket wrist joint. An explanation of the ball-and-socket -wrist for amputation below the elbow is given on page 69 under No. 323. -The joint is universal and admits of placing the hand in any position, -as shown by dotted lines. This is kept in place by spring friction on -the ball. The wrist cannot be made quite the natural shape—that we are -able to produce without the ball-and-socket joint; but this must be, -necessarily, round. This part, however, is usually covered with the cuff -or sleeve and is not conspicuous. - -[Illustration: 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335] - -No. 332 is a sectional view of the arm and hand. A forward impulse of -the shoulder and stump causes traction of the cord, moving the geared -segment wheels so as to raise the forearm to any degree of flexion, when -it is retained in position by means of a latch passing through a spring -post and locking automatically. The wearer is enabled to conveniently -carry a coat, shawl, basket, etc., on the artificial arm. A pressure on -the button underneath the arm releases the lock, and the forearm is again -under control of the stump and shoulders. The spring in the hand is for -keeping the thumb in position and is the same as we put in all hands with -movable thumb. - - -PRICE, NO. 331 - - With wood or rubber hand $70.00 - - -_Combination Table Knife and Fork_ - -No. 333, page 72, represents one of these useful implements, designed and -made expressly for those who have been deprived of the use of one hand, -and no such person can afford to be without one for a day. The blade is -thin steel, ground to a sharp edge and terminating in a fork. A rolling -motion will cut the food, and a twist of the hand will bring the fork -into position for use. No. 334 represents a leather sheath into which the -knife can be inserted. - - -PRICES, NOS. 333 AND 334 - - Redwood handle $0.60 - Ebony handle .75 - Bone handle 1.00 - Ivory handle 3.00 - Pearl handle 4.00 - Sheath, extra .25 - - -_Pocket Knife for One-armed Persons_ - -No. 335, page 72, represents a simple, serviceable knife that can be -operated quickly and conveniently with one hand. A pull of the thumb -opens the blade slot, the blade drops down and out and is securely -locked; invert the knife, with the blade up, and a pull of the thumb -allows it to drop back into the handle. - - -PRICES, NO. 335 - - Five and one-half inches long when opened $0.50 - Nine inches long when opened 1.00 - - - - -SUNDRIES - - -TRUSSES made to order with guaranteed success; hard rubber, celluloid, -leather, wire and elastic. All desirable styles are carried in stock. -Mechanical treatment of difficult cases of hernia a specialty. Truss -supplies and repairs. Send for truss catalogue. - -ELASTIC STOCKINGS for varicose veins and weak or swollen joints. Send for -prices and directions for measurements. - -ABDOMINAL SUPPORTERS AND OBESITY BELTS. Large variety in elastic and -non-elastic. Special supporters, our own pattern, for use after abdominal -operations. - -DEFORMITY APPLIANCES for paralyzed and weak limbs made to order. - -RAWHIDE JACKETS for curvature of the spine. These are light, rigid and -porous and a great improvement over the plaster or leather jackets. - -TRICYCLES FOR CRIPPLES. Hand and foot power, with ball bearings and -rubber-cushion or pneumatic tires. We are special agents for these -machines, as we are for invalid chairs. Send for tricycle catalogue. - -SURGICAL BANDAGES, SUSPENSORIES, UTERINE SUPPORTERS, ETC. - - -_Crutches and Crutch Supplies_ - -We sell only the best quality of these goods and such as can be -absolutely relied upon. Sent on receipt of price, or C.O.D. if order is -accompanied with a deposit of one dollar to cover express charges if for -any reason the crutches are returned to us. Special crutches will be made -to order for such as desire something different from the regular line, -but advance payment is required. Our crutch catalogue gives more complete -descriptions than the brief ones given here and will be forwarded to any -who apply for it. - -[Illustration: 1 2 4 5 6 17 21 29 32 35 44] - - No. 1—Spring top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per pair: - Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra heavy, $10; rock maple, $7; - extra heavy, $8. - - No. 2—Cow-horn top. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand rests. - Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain ferrule bottom, $2.50; extra - heavy, $3. Quality C, with No. 35 bottom, No. 32 cushion, - $3.75; extra heavy, $4.50. - - No. 4—Plain Split. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand rests, no - ferrule at bottom. Price, per pair, $1.50. - - No. 5—Padded top. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand rests. - Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain ferrule at bottom, $2.50; - extra heavy, $3. Quality B, No. 35 socket, No. 32 cushion, - $3.75; extra heavy, $4.50. - - No. 6—Hard top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per pair: - Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra heavy, $10; rock maple, - rosewood tops and hand rests, $7; extra heavy, $8. - - No. 21—Socket and jaw bottom. Medium size, $2 per pair; large - size, $2.50 per pair. No. 44 jaws with flange bottom used - without extra charge. - - No. 35—Sockets. Two sizes, $1 per pair. - - No. 29—Pure gum white rubber cushions. Medium size, 50 cents - per pair; large size, 75 cents per pair. - - No. 17—Rubber tips to slip on over end of crutches or cane. - Various sizes. Prices, three-eighths to one inch, 20 cents per - pair. - -In corresponding, if the following questions are answered it will give -us a very good idea of your condition and will better enable us to judge -what will be suitable for you in the way of an artificial limb. Give -the number as it appears before the question and then the answer to the -question. - - 1. Your name - - 2. Post office - - 3. County - - 4. State - - 5. Age - - 6. Weight - - 7. Height - - 8. Occupation - - 9. Leg or arm amputated - - 10. When amputated - - 11. Right or left - - 12. Above or below elbow or knee - - 13. If above, give length from body - - 14. If below, give length from knee pan or elbow joint - - 15. What is condition of stump - - 16. Can you take any pressure on end of stump - - 17. Cause of amputation - - 18. Ever use an artificial limb - - 19. If so, what style and make, and how long - - 20. Was it satisfactory - - 21. If not, why - - 22. Have you one of our new catalogues - - 23. Would it be an inducement for you to give us an order if we - sent a man to take your measurements - - 24. If we did so, would you stand a part of the expense - - 25. Do you wish to work for a free artificial limb premium? If - so, we will send you particulars - -Is there any special information you would like on the subject of -artificial limbs? If so, let us know what it is, and we will do the best -we can to enlighten you. - -Date - -Chasmar-Winchell New York and Pittsburg - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/65975-0.zip b/old/65975-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index f8fe69b..0000000 --- a/old/65975-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h.zip b/old/65975-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index a9fb300..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/65975-h.htm b/old/65975-h/65975-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 29cb175..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/65975-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3839 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Making of a Man, by George R. Fuller Company. - </title> - - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - -<style type="text/css"> - -a { - text-decoration: none; -} - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -h1,h2,h3,h4 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -h2.nobreak { - page-break-before: avoid; -} - -hr.chap { - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - clear: both; - width: 65%; - margin-left: 17.5%; - margin-right: 17.5%; -} - -div.chapter { - page-break-before: always; -} - -p { - margin-top: 0.5em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; - text-indent: 1em; -} - -table { - margin: 1em auto 1em auto; - max-width: 40em; - border-collapse: collapse; -} - -table.prices { - width: 30em; - font-size: 95%; -} - -th { - padding-left: 0.25em; - padding-right: 0.25em; -} - -td { - padding-left: 2.25em; - padding-right: 0.25em; - vertical-align: top; - text-indent: -2em; - text-align: justify; -} - -.tdc { - text-align: center; - text-indent: 0em; - padding-left: 0.25em; -} - -.tdr { - vertical-align: bottom; - text-align: right; -} - -.borders td, .borders th { - border-right: thin solid black; -} - -.borders th { - border-top: double black; - border-bottom: thin solid black; -} - -.borders .last-row { - border-bottom: thin solid black; -} - -.borders .nobr { - border-right: none; -} - -.blockquote { - margin: 1.5em 10%; - font-size: 95%; -} - -.center { - text-align: center; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.figcenter { - margin: 1em auto; - text-align: center; -} - -.figcenter p { - font-size: 95%; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.figcenter p.num { - text-indent: -2em; - margin-top: 1em; -} - -.figcenter p.hanging { - padding-left: 4em; - text-indent: -4em; -} - -.form { - margin-top: 1.5em; - width: 20em; - border-bottom: dotted 1px; -} - -.larger { - font-size: 150%; -} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - right: 4%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; -} - -.right { - text-align: right; -} - -.smaller { - font-size: 80%; -} - -.smcap { - font-variant: small-caps; - font-style: normal; -} - -.titlepage { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 3em; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.valign { - vertical-align: middle; - padding-left: 0.25em; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.u { - text-decoration: underline; -} - -.x-ebookmaker img { - max-width: 100%; - width: auto; - height: auto; -} - -.x-ebookmaker .blockquote { - margin: 1.5em 5%; -} - </style> - </head> -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Making of a Man, by George R. Fuller Company</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Making of a Man</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>Being a description of Artificial Limbs and how they may be adopted by those who have suffered Loss of their Natural Limbs</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: George R. Fuller Company</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 1, 2021 [eBook #65975]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: MFR and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN ***</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[1]</span></p> - -<h1><span class="u">The Making of a Man</span></h1> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[2]</span></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[3]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 375px;"> -<img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" width="375" height="700" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[4]</span></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[5]</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage larger">The Making<br /> -of a Man</p> - -<p class="titlepage">BEING A DESCRIPTION OF<br /> -ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND<br /> -HOW THEY MAY BE<br /> -ADOPTED BY THOSE WHO<br /> -HAVE SUFFERED LOSS OF<br /> -THEIR NATURAL LIMBS</p> - -<div class="figcenter titlepage" style="width: 150px;"> -<img src="images/deco-tp.jpg" width="150" height="75" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="titlepage">George R. Fuller Company<br /> -Rochester, N. Y.</p> - -<table summary="Branches"> - <tr> - <td>23 West Swan Street</td> - <td class="tdr">}</td> - <td rowspan="2" class="valign">BRANCHES</td> - <td>{</td> - <td>50 North 13th Street</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buffalo, N.Y.</td> - <td class="tdr">}</td> - <td>{</td> - <td>Philadelphia, Pa.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[6]</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage smaller"><span class="smcap">Copyrighted 1902 by</span><br /> -GEORGE R. FULLER CO.</p> - -<p class="smaller"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—The copyright covers the arrangement and -phraseology of the text as well as the drawings and -engravings. The right of translation is reserved.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header1.jpg" width="500" height="250" alt="ARTIFICIAL LIMBS" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Introduction"><i>Introduction</i></h2> - -</div> - -<p>The making of a man is a process of time, of training -and of progress. The babe, indeed, may be -born perfect in physical proportions and in possession of -normal faculties; but no product of Nature may stand still. -Growth or decay is the lot of every one, and the man—the -full and perfect man—is the result of physical and -mental development.</p> - -<p>There has never been a time when physical development -has received so much attention as at present, or -when its importance has been so greatly appreciated. -Physical culture and exercise in the open air have resulted -in making men and women stronger and healthier, and -consequently more graceful in carriage and figure and -better fitted to enjoy the pleasures and perform the duties -of life. The conviction is now general that to produce -the highest type of man the cultivation and development -of the physical structure should proceed with the cultivation -of the mind; but on the other hand, the wise do not -admit that the practice of devoting too much attention to -athletics should be encouraged, however prevalent this -practice may be said to be at many leading colleges. The -proper ratio should be observed.</p> - -<p>It is not desirable, to be sure, that the race should -become one of ignorant giants, but nevertheless the -value of exercise and of physical work cannot be disputed. -The right to pursue this value should be shared by all -mankind. Fortunately it has been made possible now, -as it formerly was not, for those who have lost limbs -to indulge in rightful exercise and perform necessary -physical work notwithstanding their misfortunes. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span> -activities of life, with their resulting benefit, are no longer -denied them.</p> - -<p>Surgery, the scientific making of mechanical devices -for the correction of deformities, and the manufacture of -artificial substitutes for lost limbs, have led in the advance -of methods intended to better the condition or ameliorate -the suffering of humanity.</p> - -<p>Time was when the loss of a leg meant the stumping -through the balance of life on a crotched stick. There -was Peter Stuyvesant, for instance, whose portrait is shown -on the cover of this catalogue. He lost a leg in the wars -in the West Indies in 1640. Thereafter, during the -time he was the last Dutch Director General of New -Netherlands—from 1647 until his surrender to the -English in 1664—and to his death in New York in 1682 -at the ripe old age of eighty, he pegged his way along. -He was a man well able to afford the best in life, but -nothing better than the ordinary peg leg was then obtainable, -and so for forty years or more Peter Stuyvesant suffered -the inconvenience due to the crude device.</p> - -<p>Now, fortunately for the afflicted, better things are -possible. Science and art have combined so successfully -in the manufacture of our artificial limbs that not only is -the wearer free from discomfort but he is enabled to -continue his career of activity, and pursue, as may be -necessary, his labors for a livelihood. Besides, the perfection -of design and manufacture of these aids makes -their presence difficult of detection.</p> - -<p>Not only is ordinary labor well performed, but many -remarkable feats are accomplished by wearers of limbs of -our manufacture. A few instances are cited below.</p> - -<p>A noted pitcher of a baseball team and a remarkable -bicycle rider, although deprived in early life of both legs -by accident, is able to hold a position of prominence in -his profession.</p> - -<p>An operator constantly on his feet in a signal tower -suffers no inconvenience. After making five experiments -he has found finally that the artificial leg with which -we have equipped him is the most comfortable he has -ever worn.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span></p> - -<p>A crack bicycle rider, both of whose legs have been -amputated, one above the knee and one below, pronounces -our substitute faultless. He is able not only to -mount and dismount with ease but to perform all manner -of tricks and fancy riding, doing this as well as his competitors -blessed with sound, muscular, natural limbs. -Besides, he has a mile track record of 2.37.</p> - -<p>Money will not buy happiness, but it will aid in its -attainment. Money will not compensate for the loss of a -limb, but it will buy a fair substitute if one knows where -to procure it.</p> - -<p>One having a valuable and delicate watch needing -repairs would naturally be very cautious into whose hands -it was entrusted. In the event of sickness we are apt to -be very careful into whose care we place the patient. -Careful inquiry is made as to the reliability of the physician -and his experience, whether or not he has been successful, -if he understands his business and is honest in his -purpose; if his advice will be given in the best interests -of the patient, or whether his own profit is of first importance -to him.</p> - -<p>It is entirely proper to ask similar questions in regard -to the makers of artificial limbs; but too often people are -careless in the matter, and place the case in the hands of -almost anybody in the business, without regard to responsibility -or reliability. Thus the remedy secured is often -worse than the disease. The strictest investigation should -be made. A competent maker should be selected. The -case being entrusted to him, the minor details should be -left to his judgment, with faith that his experience and -thorough understanding of his business will produce the -best result.</p> - -<p>No single style of limb is suitable for all cases. Appropriate -and distinct construction is necessary, that the -limb shall meet the requirements of the person who is to -be compelled to wear it. Recognizing the truth of this, -we have been led to the study of the peculiarities and individual -needs of each case presented to us. Our limbs -are constructed with such a variety of joints and attachments -that each appliance may be accurately adapted to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span> -any variation in the condition or occupation -of the patient. If any doubt -exists as to the result in any case, we -give ample opportunity for experiment -at our expense. It is for this reason that so many purchasers -have spoken in the highest terms of praise of our -efforts and the results.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<img src="images/illus1.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p>We do not seek to discredit other manufacturers, but -simply, in full confidence, we state that we are the makers -of the best goods obtainable. In the pages following we -have endeavored to convey some idea of the ingenuity and -artistic skill which we bestow upon our work.</p> - -<p>For over forty years—in fact, since 1856—we have -conducted our business in Rochester without interruption -and with increasing prosperity. Until 1876 the business -was conducted by Dr. Douglas Bly, who founded it. -Then for twenty years Mr. Fuller personally continued -the business, until in 1896 the present company was incorporated -under the laws of the State of New York with -a paid-up capital of $25,000. The patience and skill -exercised throughout these years have evolved the limb we -term “The Walk-Easy Leg,” and placed us at the head -of manufacturers of artificial limbs. Our efforts have been -always to improve and perfect—to excel at every point. -We are assured that these efforts have met with approval. -We enjoy the confidence of those who have found need of -our services. As a further evidence that we have successfully -sought to excel, it may be stated that during the past -twenty years, notwithstanding active competition, we have -supplied the United States Government with one-quarter -in number of all the limbs furnished to pensioners. We -also have supplied officially the States of Virginia, Georgia, -South Carolina and Louisiana. Furthermore, our work -has been placed in the first class by various scientific boards -convened for the purpose, and it has received the endorsement -of the world’s most famous surgeons.</p> - -<p>Aside from the personal testimony of the multitudes -throughout the country who have availed themselves of -our experience and skill, and have offered to bear witness -to the good we have done them, we refer as to our<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span> -financial standing and reliability to Dun or Bradstreet -mercantile agencies, or to any bank or public man in -our city or vicinity.</p> - -<p>Intending purchasers are invited to correspond with -us, that they may receive, if they are necessary or desirable, -fuller details than are covered in this work. We -are always glad to receive inquiries and offer suggestions -for the comfort of our customers.</p> - -<p class="center">GEORGE R. FULLER COMPANY,<br /> -<span class="smcap">Rochester, N. Y.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 50px;"> -<img src="images/deco-acorn.jpg" width="50" height="50" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center">Patents have been granted us as follows:</p> - -<table summary="Patent numbers and dates"> - <tr> - <td>April 19, 1859</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">23,656</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>April 30, 1859</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">25,238</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>February 19, 1861</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">31,438</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July 20, 1862</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">38,549</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May 19, 1863</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">38,550</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July 28, 1857</td> - <td></td> - <td>Re-issued July 7, 1863</td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">1,510</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May 17, 1859</td> - <td>}</td> - <td rowspan="3" class="valign">Re-issued July 12, 1864</td> - <td rowspan="3" class="valign">No.</td> - <td rowspan="3" class="valign tdr">1,724</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July 3, 1860</td> - <td>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dec. 23, 1862</td> - <td>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>October 11, 1864</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">44,638</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>September 4, 1866</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">57,666</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>March 9, 1869</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">87,624</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>April 19, 1887</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">361,405</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>October 4, 1887</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">370,774</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Amputations</i></h3> - -<p>It is probable that such a publication as this -will be read only by those who have lost limbs or -by their immediate friends. To advance an opinion -here as to the length of stump or the kind of -operation best adapted to the subsequent application -of an artificial limb would be of little benefit, -and might, indeed, suggest dissatisfaction to the -sufferer and cause injury to the operator. The -preservation of life is the object of amputations. -Surgeons generally appreciate the importance of -the operation and their own responsibility. They -undertake it with reluctance. Often during such -an operation exigencies arise or unforeseen conditions -so present themselves as to preclude any -observance of suggestions relating to the selection -of a point for amputation and preparation of the -stump for the exercise of the restorative art of -prosthesis. Then the surgeon has no choice if he -would save life. It is better not to criticise the -operation and malign the operator, but to believe -the best results possible under the circumstances -have been attained and be thankful that the outcome -is no worse.</p> - -<h3><i>Treatment of the Stump</i></h3> - -<p>In preparation for the application of an artificial -leg, and as soon as it is healed sufficiently to -permit it without pain or irritation, the stump -should be kept tightly bandaged from the end up -to the knee, if the amputation be below, or up to -the body if the amputation be above the knee. -The bandaging will diminish and solidify the -stump, leaving it in a much more desirable condition -for fitting and rendering the successful use -of a leg more a matter of certainty. If neglected, -the chances are that a soft, flabby stump will be -the result, which will rapidly reduce after the -patient begins the use of a leg, but a refitting or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span> -an uncomfortable amount of filling up in the socket -to compensate for the shrinkage of the stump will -be necessary in order to walk with the least degree -of ease or satisfaction. The remaining joints, particularly -the knee joint, should be kept in motion -as much as can be conveniently, every day; this -will prevent their becoming anchylosed (stiff and -inflexible). Should this warning come too late, -and the joint is already anchylosed, it should be -gently and gradually exercised, and oily, relaxing -applications applied until straightened and flexible. -A free daily use of the cold water bath and brisk -rubbing will prove beneficial. An application of a -solution of tannin and alcohol will toughen the -skin, and in many cases it would be an excellent -thing to continue the use of this solution after an -artificial leg has been applied.</p> - -<h3><i>How Soon After an Amputation</i></h3> - -<p>There is a diversity of opinion as to how -early a substitute may be applied. Many surgeons -strongly urge that an artificial leg cannot be safely -fitted for several months after cicatrization occurs, -while, on the other hand, some manufacturers of -artificial limbs claim that a leg can be satisfactorily -fitted just as soon as the stump has healed, no -matter if it be but five or six weeks after the -amputation.</p> - -<p>Much, of course, depends upon the condition -of the patient, in circumstance and constitution. -It many times occurs that while the edges of the -flaps have united, and cicatrization appears, ossification -at the sawn end of the bones has not taken -place, consequently the necessary pressure and -tension on the surrounding integuments and other -adjacent parts in wearing a leg will unavoidably -cause inconvenience, irritation and pain. It is -therefore our opinion, based upon experience and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span> -observation, that in -most cases an artificial -leg should not be -fitted within <i>three -months</i> after amputation, and that if the edges -of the wound have thoroughly united at the -end of that time it is <i>unnecessary to wait longer</i>, -except to harden and reduce the stump by -bandaging, if this has not previously been done. -There are many good reasons why a leg should -be applied as soon as practicable after this time -(provided that the stump has healed), the chief one -being that there is nothing that will discipline and -strengthen a stump and remaining joints as quickly -and as effectually as the use of a properly fitted -artificial leg.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus2.jpg" width="500" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h3><i>Material of Construction</i></h3> - -<p>The materials used in the construction of -artificial limbs are, principally, tough English willow, -leather, metal and rubber. The wood parts, -when worked to the desired shape, are covered -with parchment or rawhide and finished with a -flesh-tinted waterproof enamel.</p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Legs for Children</i></h3> - -<p>When children have been deprived, by accident -or disease, of one or both lower limbs, artificial -legs should be applied as soon as the condition of -the stump will safely permit. It is too generally -presumed that an outgrown limb is of no further -use, and that the purchase of an artificial leg before -full growth is assured means a foolish expenditure.</p> - -<p>This is wrong, at least so far as our work is -concerned; there are artificial legs made that it -would be very expensive to lengthen or change, but -any leg that is made by us, or under our name or -supervision, we will agree to lengthen at any future -time, as necessity may arise, at a cost not to exceed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span> -five dollars, and in many cases not to exceed three or -four dollars. When the amputation is above the -knee, it is often necessary that the leg be lengthened -both above and below the knee-joint. This involves -more labor and consequently greater expense, but -in no case will the charge exceed five dollars.</p> - -<p>For a very young child we would make the -artificial foot one or two sizes larger than the -natural one; in a year or so the natural foot will -reach the size of the artificial, and some months, -perhaps years, will elapse before the natural foot -will be perceptibly larger than the artificial. This -method keeps the feet nearer the same size a longer -time than would be the case if the artificial foot were -made the same size as the natural foot in the first -place. When it is necessary to increase the size -of the foot it can be easily and inexpensively done.</p> - -<p>When children are deprived of these useful -appendages, solely from fear or apprehension that -they may be outgrown, a lasting injustice is done -them. There is great danger of deformity and -disease from the prolonged use of crutches, particularly -at a tender and susceptible age; and the most -natural, easy, graceful walkers on artificial legs are -those who commence the use of them in youth; the -habit becomes thoroughly formed, and the continued -use of them from childhood develops and -strengthens the muscles and joints in a more -effectual manner than can be accomplished by any -other process or treatment.</p> - -<h3><i>Weight of Artificial Limbs</i></h3> - -<p>It is not possible to reduce the weight of artificial -legs below a certain point without sacrificing -strength and good wearing qualities. The leg we -construct weighs from two to five and one-half -pounds, but in some special cases where extreme -strength is required this may be exceeded. Much<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span> -depends, however, upon the weight and occupation -of the wearer. Many legs of other makes which -weigh no more than ours require more of an effort -to carry and swing them, because the action of the -rubber spring in the back part of our leg assists -materially in carrying the leg forward while in the -act of walking, thus relieving the stump from the -effort that would otherwise be required to swing it. -We aim to have sufficient weight around the joints -to support them securely; at other points, where -strength is not required, they are left a mere shell. -The weight of an artificial arm is much less, varying -from one-half to one and one-half pounds.</p> - -<h3><i>Durability of Artificial Limbs</i></h3> - -<p>The occupation of the wearer has much to do -with the durability of an artificial leg, but more -depends upon the care and attention it receives. -We know of limbs that have been in constant use -for eighteen or twenty years and are undoubtedly -good for several more years of good service, and -others, equally well made in every way, that because -of neglect and abuse have lasted only three -or four years. These are the extremes, however. -The average durability of an artificial leg we estimate -to be from seven to eight years. Artificial -arms not being subject to the strain and wear of a -leg will last much longer, the average time, we -should say, being double that of a leg. It should -be borne in mind, however, that they are but a -mechanical imitation of Nature and require attention -the same as any other piece of mechanism, -and that it pays to keep them at all times clean -and in good working order, and that the better the -care the better and more lasting will be the service.</p> - -<div class="smaller"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—While preparing this article Mr. John S. Havens, of -Plainwell, Michigan, called upon us wearing an artificial leg made at -this factory in the spring of 1864, and the leg is still in excellent -condition.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span></p> - -<h3><i>How to Proceed in Ordering a Leg</i></h3> - -<p>A very common error is prevalent in the minds -of many that artificial limbs are kept on hand in full -assortments and varieties, and that it is only necessary -for a person to call and purchase one and -wear it away, the same as you would a pair of boots -or shoes. Artificial legs are only made to order, -and it is preferable that the patient be present at the -factory for a day or two to have the leg fitted and -give it a thorough and satisfactory trial. Write to -us, stating full particulars of the case—when amputated, -whether below or above the knee, length -and condition of the stump, etc. Also state the -price you wish to pay for a leg, and whether or not -it will be practicable for you to come here and have -it fitted. If you can come here, name a day that -will be most convenient for you to do so, and we -will be ready for you. If possible, also specify time -of day and by which route you will arrive in -Rochester; if you are unable to determine in season -to advise us by mail, please do so by telegraph, and -we will have some one meet you at the station. -A shoe will be wanted here for the artificial foot. -Your presence will be required from one to two -days, depending upon the difficulty in fitting and -the number of orders we have on hand; during this -time you will have an opportunity of putting the -leg on, and giving it a thorough trial in the rough. -After you are satisfied with the test, you may return -home and the leg will be completed and forwarded -to you in about ten days, or, if you prefer to remain -and wear it home, it will be finished in about a week. -Excellent hotel accommodations can be obtained -for one dollar per day or five dollars per week.</p> - -<h3><i>Making Artificial Legs from Measurements</i></h3> - -<p>For the benefit of persons who do not care to -incur the expense and inconvenience of a journey -to the factory, we have perfected a chart for<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span> -measurements, and directions for taking profiles, -plaster of paris moulds, etc., that overcome all the -difficulty and expense of a personal visit. To -make success doubly sure, when so desired we put -the leg up in the rough and forward it for trial; -this gives the same opportunity of trying it that -would be had here. The leg can then be returned to -us with directions as to any changes that may be -needed. To be sure, there is some expense for -transporting the leg, but it is small compared with -the cost of a journey here. A good share of our -orders are being filled in this manner, and with -unvarying success. Indeed, there need be no -fear or hesitancy in sending orders to us for -artificial legs to be made from measurements, as -we <i>guarantee a fit</i>. Should it prove otherwise, -we will make any required alterations without -charge.</p> - -<h3><i>Warranty</i></h3> - -<p>The following is a copy of the warranty given -with each leg. The time of the warranty will -depend entirely upon the price paid. See prices -of the various styles.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Rochester, N.Y.</span>, ______ 19__.</p> - -<p>In consideration of the sum of __ dollars, -received from ______ of ______ for an artificial leg, we -hereby warrant the same, as follows: In case any part -of said leg should, on account of poor material or bad -workmanship, break or give way within __ years from -the date hereof, we agree to repair the same without -charge, provided that, as soon as any defect is discovered, -the leg, or any part thereof that needs to be repaired or -replaced, be forwarded to us without delay, and at the -expense of the owner. It is not the intention of this -warranty to make good without charge the unavoidable -wear of the leg, or breakage caused by accident, neglect -or misuse.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Prices</i></h3> - -<p>Our prices are graded in such a manner as to -make it possible for any one to secure one of these -reliable limbs, and are governed entirely by the -quality of the work and the time for which the -limb is warranted, and bear an exact proportion to -the cost of production and the probable cost of -repairs during the term of the warranty. We have -plans, which we will be very glad to explain to any -who desire to know about them, whereby these -limbs may be obtained without the expenditure of -any money whatever. Simply the giving of a little -time and persistent work. Scores have earned -limbs in this way.</p> - -<h3><i>Remittances</i></h3> - -<p>Should be made by express, post office or express -money order, registered letter, or New York -draft, whichever is most convenient for the sender.</p> - -<h3><i>Terms</i></h3> - -<p>It is our custom, as it is with all makers of -special appliances of this kind, to require in each -case a cash deposit as a guarantee of good faith. -When the purchaser is present at the factory for the -purpose of having a limb fitted, the limb may be -tried in the rough before making any payment; -if the fit and trial are satisfactory, one-half the -price will be required. When limbs are made -from measurements, without the presence of the -patient at the factory, one-half the price of the -limb ordered should accompany the order. In both -cases when the limb is finished it will be delivered -by express C.O.D. with the privilege -of examination and trial before making -the final payment.</p> - -<p>A careful consideration of the -following facts should convince -any fair-minded person that this -plan is not only reasonable and -just but very necessary.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<img src="images/illus3.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span></p> - -<p>Each limb is made expressly to order for some -one individual, and the limb when completed is of -little or no value to any one except the person for -whom it is made. It requires some degree of -patience and perseverance to overcome the awkwardness -and possible disappointment associated -with the first trial of an artificial limb, and if there -be no obligation and no sacrifice on the part of the -would-be purchaser provided the limb is not accepted, -there is a possibility of its being declined, -and the maker, through no fault of his work, -becomes the loser. On the other hand, the -advance payment made on the limb insures -a very persistent effort on the part of the -purchaser to wear it, resulting in success and -satisfaction.</p> - -<p>The purchaser may rest assured that the work -will not be slighted in any degree whatsoever, and -that it will be our duty and pleasure to make any -changes necessary to insure comfortable use of the -limb any time within a reasonable period after it -is finished.</p> - -<h3><i>Installment Payments</i></h3> - -<p>We can consistently make a limb and accept -installment payments therefor only on the following -conditions: On payment of one-half the price of -the limb with the order, the balance may be paid -in amounts and at times—if within reason—to -suit the purchaser; say five dollars each month -until paid for, provided that these payments are -secured by notes made or endorsed by some reliable -business man, or other equally good security. We -are perfectly willing to give time for a part payment -as stated, but must insist that we be amply -secured against loss from any cause whatever, and -we cannot entertain any proposition wherein this -is not provided for.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span></p> - -<h3><i>In Writing</i></h3> - -<p>Describe your case as clearly and briefly as -possible, stating whether amputation is above or -below the knee or elbow, when amputated, length -and condition of the stump, your age, weight and -occupation, whether you have ever worn an artificial -limb, if so, how long and what make or makes, -and be particular to write your name and address -plainly, giving the post office, county and state. -Any inquiries that are made on the subject of artificial -limbs will be promptly answered to the best -of our knowledge, and any information that we -can give will be cheerfully imparted.</p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Limbs for U. S. Pensioners</i></h3> - -<p>Every officer or enlisted or hired man who -has lost a limb, or the use of a limb, in the military -or naval service of the United States, is entitled to -receive once every three years an artificial limb or -apparatus. Necessary transportation to the manufactory -and return, by the most usual and direct -route, will be furnished to those desiring it for the -purpose of having artificial limbs fitted, but will -not be furnished except for this purpose. Sleeping-car -accommodations will be given upon request.</p> - -<p>In March, 1891, the law was amended so as -to allow an artificial limb every three years instead -of every five as before. The reduction in time -took effect in various ways but was to be counted -from March 1, 1891. The act operates in three -ways:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><i>First.</i> Those who were entitled on or after March -3, 1888, are entitled every three years from such last date.</p> - -<p><i>Second.</i> Those who were entitled between March 3, -1886, and March 3, 1888, were again entitled March 3, -1891, and every three years from that date.</p> - -<p><i>Third.</i> Those who were entitled before March 3, -1886, were again entitled five years from such date, and -again every three years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span></p> - -<p>On request of any soldier we will give him -the exact date on which he is entitled to an order -for a leg or for commutation.</p> - -<p>Each officer and soldier has his choice either -to receive a limb or its equivalent in money. All -who want limbs will gain by taking one from the -Government, because the Government will give -transportation to and from the manufactory, the -cost of which in many cases is equal to the value -of the limb. Besides, the Government requires -each manufacturer to warrant his work and material -used. The soldier who draws his money and -buys a limb for himself loses all these advantages. -Many manufacturers of limbs will advise soldiers -to draw the money and then buy of them, so they -will not be obliged to warrant their limbs to the -Government, or give a bond for the same.</p> - -<p>We furnish legs and arms for all kinds of -amputations, on Government orders. The necessary -blanks on which the applications should be -made for limbs and transportation will be furnished -to any soldier on application.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus4.jpg" width="700" height="275" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header2.jpg" width="500" height="150" alt="The WALKEASY ARTIFICIAL LEG" /> -</div> - -</div> - -<h3><i>The Latest Progress in Artificial Limb Construction</i></h3> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg is one of the more recent -of the long list of our artificial limb products. -The name signifies more than is ordinarily supposed -by the public at large, and is only comprehended -as it should be by those who are so -unfortunate as to require an artificial leg possessing -the requisites indicated by the name <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span>. -To make the new leg such as to truly maintain -this name will be our aim and effort in all cases.</p> - -<p>As the weight of the body is imposed upon -the artificial leg, under a high pressure, changing -from naught to the entire weight of the body, and -at times to double that weight or more, the least -particle of chafing or friction would soon cause -soreness and might continue to that extent that -the limb would be impossible of good, and, moreover, -a source of much injury to the wearer. The -amputation of a leg, therefore, requires on the part -of the artificial leg a double degree of responsibility; -the limb must not only fit the remaining mutilated -part of the leg comfortably, but must reproduce the -general motion to a greater or lesser degree of perfection. -These are delicate features of artificial -limb production, and in no way are they more -perfectly reproduced than in the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg.</p> - -<p>The improvements represented by the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> -leg are not simply theoretical. We have -been quietly experimenting with them for years, -not in the shop only, but they have been put into -practical use by wearers, of various professions -and occupations—the correct way of testing an<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span> -appliance of this kind; otherwise we would not -dare hazard our reputation on their success.</p> - -<p>The most approved points of excellence in -both the ordinary rubber and wooden feet are -combined in the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> foot. The rubber -and wooden feet, as commonly constructed, while -possessing desirable features, are objectionable and -unsuitable in many cases—the rubber foot on -account of its rigid, motionless ankle, and the -wooden foot on account of the hard, unyielding, -springless material of which it is constructed. In -the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> foot both of these features are -entirely done away with and the desirable ones -preserved.</p> - -<p>The following are the eminently desirable -features of the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg, a combination of -which is not to be found in any other artificial leg -manufactured:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><i>First.</i> The removable sponge-rubber sole of the -foot imparts a soft, noiseless tread, does not cut the stockings, -gives a natural appearance in the shoe, relieves the -wearer of much strain and jar in walking, greatly assists -the ankle springs in their action, producing an increased -lifelike motion, and greatly reduces the chances of breakage -of any part of the leg.</p> - -<p><i>Second.</i> The yielding rubber at bottom of foot provides -for a little lateral or side motion, enough for all -practical purposes.</p> - -<p><i>Third.</i> The ankle joint is strongly constructed. A -substance composed of fibre, in which plumbago (black -lead) is incorporated, is used as a bearing on the ankle -bolt or cylinder, making a lubricating and most satisfactory -joint.</p> - -<p><i>Fourth.</i> The sponge-rubber or felt sole, which can -be easily and quickly removed and cheaply renewed or -repaired without the necessity of procuring a new foot in -case of wear or breakage.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span></p> - -<p><i>Fifth.</i> No mechanical toe joint, the flexibility of -the rubber or felt giving the desired motion.</p> - -<p><i>Sixth.</i> The cords or tendons come in contact with -no surfaces to cause friction or wear and are adjustable so -as to give any desired mobility to the ankle joint.</p> - -<p><i>Seventh.</i> Knee joints, for amputation below the -knee, with four bearings, taper phosphor bronze bushings, -and taper bolts, giving the greatest degree of wearing surface -and requiring the least possible lubrication.</p> - -<p><i>Eighth.</i> The purchaser has the choice of a wood -socket, leather lacing socket, or the <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> spring -socket, which ever is best adapted and most suitable for the -peculiarities of his case, and for amputation below the knee -an extra attachment is included for use in place of the -knee joint and thigh lacer, at such times as it may suit the -wearer to try it.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The best product in this line, if within the -means of the purchaser, should be the one chosen; -but while the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg possesses so many -eminent features it is not more costly than the -average product of other manufacturers. Moreover, -our guarantee is that if it fails in realizing to -the wearer what is promised to him, we are more -than willing to secure the point of perfection without -extra charge, and make of it for the wearer his -ideal and not ours.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/footer1.jpg" width="200" height="150" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure200-203.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="200 201 202 203" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 200</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg for amputation above the knee, with -adjustable leather lacing socket; any style of suspenders -desired. Price $100. Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 201</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg for amputation above the knee, with -wood socket; any style of suspenders; also <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> -socket, if desired, without extra charge. -Price $100. Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 202</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> knee-bearing leg, leather socket; used for -very short stump below the knee, or for an inflexible -knee-joint; wood socket made if preferred. Price -$100. Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 203</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> end-bearing leg for knee-joint amputation, -leather socket; socket will be made of wood if -preferred. Price $100. Warranted five years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure204-207.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="204 205 206 207" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 204</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, -for amputation below the knee; clasp thigh lacer; -any other style used. Price $100. Warranted -five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 205</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with wooden socket, for amputation -below the knee; <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> socket used, if desired, -without extra charge. Price $100. Warranted -five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 206</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with leather lacing socket, without -knee-joint or thigh support, for amputation below -the knee; not suitable for short stumps. Price $75. -Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 207</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with wooden socket, without knee-joint -or thigh support, for amputation below the -knee; not suitable for short stumps; <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> -socket used, if desired, without additional expense. -Price $75. Warranted five years.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Sectional View of the Improved Walkeasy Leg</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure260-263.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="260 261 262 263" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span></p> - -<p>No. 260. Some changes have been made in -the ankle joint, but the notable modifications are a -foot with thick sponge-rubber removable sole, K-K, -in place of the rubber-covered core; for thigh amputations -an adjustable steel knee cord and spring -piston, combined in one piece, E, and knee-joint -tightener, A.</p> - -<p>The removable sole gives us an opportunity -of strengthening the upper part of foot with a rawhide -covering. Between the wooden part J and -the rubber K at the toe part, layers of canvas and -sole leather are placed to prevent breaking or -turning up of the toe. This, however, is hardly -necessary in most cases, but we consider it an -additional protection. With rubber-covered cores -the rubber first breaks away from the top of the -core at the toe part, resulting in turning up of the -toe, leaving little chance to repair it satisfactorily -without making a new foot. This cannot very -well take place with the rubber sole, as there is no -rubber above the wood to break away. If, however, -it becomes necessary for any reason to renew -the rubber, the sole can be removed by simply -taking a screw out at the bottom of foot, and a -new sole or part of a sole put on at a trifling -expense without sending the leg to us, as we keep -on file a pattern of each individual foot made. -The greater security by which the cord ends and -the ankle-joint rods are kept in place, and the -convenient method of getting at them, are additional -strong points commending the change. See -No. 261.</p> - -<p>The combination knee cord and spring consists -of a steel rod carefully bushed at the joint and -extending through a hickory bar in calf of the leg, -with a thick, soft leather washer on the rod under -the bar, and a nut at the end of rod that is reached<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span> -with thumb and finger through holes in back of leg -for readily adjusting the length. For the knee -spring a suitably protected heavy elastic web is -slipped over end of the rod and adjusted from outside -of leg with buckskin strings; as leg is flexed -in act of walking, the rod is forced through the -hickory bar, stretching the web and forcing the -lower part of the leg forward in position for next -step; when lower part of leg is flexed at right -angles with the thigh, as in sitting, the pressure of -spring is automatically released. This change simplifies -the knee-joint construction, is lighter and -more convenient of adjustment.</p> - -<p>Figs. 262 and 263 illustrate a new knee joint -for amputation below the knee. This is the latest -and decidedly the most compact, lightest, and at -the same time the best wearing joint that we have -ever adopted, not excepting the ball-bearing joint, -and is recommended in all cases.</p> - -<p>Joints of medium weight are usually applied. -A heavier joint of same pattern is used, however, -when the wearer is unusually heavy or desires an -extra strong joint and does not mind the additional -weight. Let us see if we can describe the -uniqueness of it, so that it will be understood.</p> - -<p>The head of the joint is very thin (three-eighths -of an inch), permitting the trousers to set -smoothly; at the same time there is as much -wearing surface as in an ordinary joint of twice -the thickness. C is a phosphor bronze (the -toughest of metal) taper bushing fitted into a taper -hole. B is a taper bolt fitting a taper hole in the -bushing; when drawn into place with screw A, the -bushing is wedged into male joint head E tightly, -so that it is practically a part of this male head. -In swinging the leg the movement or wear is on -the bolt B inside the cone bushing, giving as much<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span> -wearing surface as a joint with male head as thick -as this bushing is long. Perhaps it will be better -understood by reference to separate cuts of the -bolt B and bushing C, and stating that the bolt -turns or moves inside the bushing only, and that -there is no wearing surface except between these -two parts.</p> - -<p>Parts A, B and C are all made to a size and -interchangeable. Any one of them taken from -stock will fit any joint head of this pattern without -special fitting, so that it may be conveniently -replaced in case of wear.</p> - -<h3><i>The Haberl Patent Foot With Tarsal Articulation</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure264-265.jpg" width="350" height="350" alt="264 265" /> -</div> - -<p>The novelty of this invention is in the point -of articulation being near the bottom of the foot -instead of at the ankle. It does not give as much -motion as the ankle-jointed foot, but is much -superior to the rigid ankle without a joint. The -construction is so simple that little explanation is -required. The dotted lines in No. 264 represent -hickory plates, covered with sponge rubber, and -No. 265 shows the manner in which the parts are -put together. The heel part is slipped into the -round hole in hollow of foot, and the piece taking -the place of the ball and toe part of foot is passed -through into the heel part, as shown by dotted -lines in No. 264, and locked together with a steel -pin, making a complete hinge. In finishing, the -sponge rubber parts are covered with buckskin or kid. -The entire arrangement is so simple there is very -slight probability that any repairs will be required -that the wearer cannot make himself, and the ease -and little expense with which the parts can be -renewed commend it to all who require a strong, -serviceable leg. It seems to be a favorite among -miners and others following rough, heavy work -who have given it a trial.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span></p> - -<p>Under contract with the patentee we have the -exclusive right to manufacture this foot in the -United States and Canada. We have made a good -many of them, and have yet to hear the first complaint -from any of the wearers. Wood or leather -lacing sockets may be used with this foot. Price -of leg with the Haberl foot, for any amputation -above the ankle, $75, with five-year warranty.</p> - -<div class="smaller"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—This foot is patented in the United States, Great -Britain, Canada, Germany, France and Spain.</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Attachment for use in place of Thigh Lacer and Knee-joint</i></h3> - -<p>In most cases of amputation below the knee, -if stump is sound and of good length, it is possible -to comfortably use a leg without the steel knee-joint -and thigh support. Many express a desire to -try a leg of this description, but hesitate to have a -leg so constructed, fearing the result of continually -taking the entire weight or bearing on the stump, -with no provision for relieving it. For such as -would like to try, at their convenience and pleasure, -a leg without the thigh support, we make -attachment No. 211. The thigh lacer and upper -joints can be removed by taking the knee-joint -bolts out and this attachment substituted. At such -times and in such work, when the thigh support -would be more desirable, it can be readily replaced. -This attachment is included with the $100 <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> -leg without extra charge; with any other -style of leg, price $5.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure211-213.jpg" width="350" height="575" alt="211 212 213" /> -</div> - -<h3><i>Neverchafe Spring Socket</i></h3> - -<p>This is a leather socket moulded over a cast -of the stump, and suspended to the inner side of a -wooden socket or shell with adjustable rubber -webbing in such a manner as to avoid all friction -or chafing of the stump and to give a comfortable, -helpful spring at each step of the wearer, the sensation -being much the same as though the weight<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span> -were on an air cushion, with no pressure on the -end of the stump whatever. No. 212 for amputation -below the knee; No. 213 for amputation -above the knee.</p> - -<p>This socket is particularly suitable for short -stumps. The inner socket, being made of stiff -leather, practically lengthens the stump, giving -increased leverage, a condition greatly to be desired -in such cases. It is also a very great relief to -tender and sensitive stumps; the slipping and rubbing -occasioned more or less in walking on an artificial -leg, takes place with this attachment between -the inner spring socket and the outer wood socket; -the pressure of the springs keeping the inner socket -snugly against the stump in all positions, precludes -the possibility of any friction on the stump.</p> - -<p>For stumps that become swollen in hot -weather, or that require extra covering in cool -weather, or for such as have never used an artificial -leg, with the consequent probability of the stump -rapidly reducing, this inner socket may be made -adjustable by lacing.</p> - -<p>While this is undoubtedly the most suitable -and comfortable socket for very short and sensitive -stumps, some prefer the highly polished wooden -socket, and others the adjustable leather lacing -socket. All purchasers of the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg have -their choice of socket; the selection should be -influenced by the length and condition of the -stump, the weight and occupation of the wearer, -and other considerations. In all cases we guarantee -a comfortable socket and one that will not -chafe.</p> - -<h3><i>New Adjustable Leather Lacing Socket</i></h3> - -<p>This new socket is for amputation below the -knee. The adjustment is made at the back of the -socket instead of at the front, as in the lacing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span> -sockets heretofore made. The improvement is so -marked that the wonder is we did not make the -change earlier. Much of the weight on the stump -is taken just where the socket was previously made -to open, and it was necessary to reinforce the lacing -with a strap. When laced in the back of socket -the front is stronger, more comfortable, and dresses -more smoothly; furthermore, there is more shrinkage -of a stump in the calf than in front; and in -being able to make the adjustment in the back part -of the socket, it is kept nearer the shape that will -conform to the shape of the stump than when laced -in front. This socket is illustrated in the various -engravings representing legs for below the knee -amputation. See frontispiece, No. 204, No. 227 -and No. 228.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 225px;"> -<img src="images/footer2.jpg" width="225" height="150" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Part_II"><span class="smcap">Part II</span></h2> - -</div> - -<p>In this part we give descriptions and illustrations -of ordinary styles of legs, such as we have -made here—with various modifications and improvements, -as suggested by time, wear and experience—for -forty-five years. Excepting the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> -leg, described in Part I, there are no better -nor more reliable artificial limbs made anywhere by -anyone, <i>and the prices are much below</i> those charged -by other manufacturers.</p> - -<p>The various styles are:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint -and wooden socket.</p> - -<p>Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint -and leather lacing socket.</p> - -<p>Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army -and navy or two-ball) and wooden socket.</p> - -<p>Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army -and navy or two-ball) and adjustable leather lacing -socket.</p> - -<p>Foot with sponge-rubber or felt removable -sole and rigid ankle and wooden socket.</p> - -<p>Foot with rigid ankle and adjustable leather -lacing socket.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The cords and springs used in the legs with -articulated ankle joints are the same as are used in -the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg. The springs are rubber used -by compression, imparting easy, uniform motion, -their power and action being regulated by simply -turning a nut, so that the wearer may adjust them -to suit his own peculiar gait.</p> - -<p>In walking, when the weight of the body -rests on the ball of the foot, the spring in the back -part of the leg (heel spring) is firmly compressed, -and when the weight of the body is thrown forward<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span> -on to the other foot the spring rises and carries the -foot forward to its place with very little effort of -the wearer, assisting greatly in carrying the weight -of the leg.</p> - -<p>The prices for legs described in this part, for -amputation at any point above the ankle, are, -including suspenders, stump socks, etc., complete:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>$50, warranted for one year.</p> - -<p>$60, warranted for three years.</p> - -<p>$70, warranted for five years.</p> - -</div> - -<p>A copy of the warranty is given on <a href="#Page_18">page 18</a>.</p> - -<p>Just as good a leg in every way is made for -$50 as is made for $70, the difference in price -being determined wholly by the time the warranty -is made to cover.</p> - -<p>If undetermined as to which leg would be -best adapted to any particular case, and it is left to -our judgment to select, upon receipt of measurements -and full particulars we will construct the -one we honestly and conscientiously believe will -give the most lasting and comfortable service. We -are equally interested with the purchaser in doing -this, as the continued good name of our establishment, -as well as our future prosperity, depend -wholly upon the durability of our work and the -comfort with which it is worn.</p> - -<h3><i>Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>This joint is formed by a polished glass ball -plying in a socket of vulcanite, the foot and ankle -being joined together with four tendons, passing -through rubber springs in the ankle; this joint -admits of every motion the natural ankle has. In -walking on the side of a hill or inclined plane, or -where the foot is used to brace the body, the ankle -flexes laterally and the foot remains flat on the -ground, thus giving a firm base of support. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span> -motion closely imitates the movement of the natural -ankle, and this joint is desirable for light work -and short, tender stumps. Notwithstanding it is -more complicated than any of our other styles, -requiring more care and attention, there are hundreds -of people using it with such comfort and -satisfaction that under no circumstances whatever -could they be induced to use any other. No. 216, -on <a href="#Page_40">page 40</a>.</p> - -<h3><i>Double Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>This joint is a unique invention, and the -idea of its construction was suggested by the single -ball-and-socket joint. It consists of two polished -glass balls plying in sockets of fibre. There is no -substance that could be used for this purpose that -presents a harder, smoother surface than glass, and -when in the shape of solid polished spheres, plying -in perfectly fitted sockets, they are practically indestructible; -there is no such thing as wearing -them out. A linked steel rod and a back and -front tendon securely connect the foot and ankle. -The tendons, also the rubber springs, are the same -as used in all of our legs, and are applied in the -same manner. This is a somewhat lighter joint -than the army and navy joint and is recommended -for persons of light or medium weight. No. 217, -on <a href="#Page_40">page 40</a>.</p> - -<h3><i>Army and Navy Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>The axis of this joint consists of a hollow -steel bolt securely fastened in the foot with two -vertical rods with nuts at the lower ends. The -bolt is stationary in the foot, the ankle working on -the upper surface of the bolt, leaving no possible -chance for an accumulation of any grit or dirt, -thus making a self-cleaning joint. The steel rod, -together with the front and back cords, connects -the foot and the ankle. Provision is made for<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span> -tightening the ankle rod with a nut on the upper -end, so as to regulate the friction on the bolt and -to compensate for any wear that may take place -at the joint. This is recommended as being the -strongest and most serviceable of the wooden feet. -No. 218.</p> - -<h3><i>A New Foot with Rigid Ankle</i></h3> - -<p>This is not properly a rubber foot, but a -modification of the so-called rubber foot suggested -by improvements on our <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> foot. In -the construction of the old-style rubber foot a -wooden core is covered with rubber and properly -cured or vulcanized by heat. It is impossible to -strengthen or reinforce this wooden core with a -covering of rawhide as is done on the other parts -of an artificial leg, because the heat necessary in -vulcanizing the rubber burns and ruins the rawhide. -This is obviated by the method of construction -of this new foot.</p> - -<p>The upper part of the foot is firmly attached -to the ankle part by a pin, and the entire wood -part is covered with rawhide. Thus the upper -part of the foot forms practically one piece with -the ankle, and strength is gained without adding -weight. The sponge-rubber removable sole is -fitted into a recess channeled in the foot and is -securely held in place by one screw. No rubber -is used at the top of the foot, but more is used on -the sole where it is most needed.</p> - -<p>If a foot needs be made extremely light a fine -quality of felt is used in place of the rubber. The -felt does not give as much spring and elasticity to -the tread of the foot as the sponge rubber, and -nothing is gained by using it except reduction in -weight.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure216-218and267.jpg" width="350" height="400" alt="216 217 218 267" /> -</div> - -<p>To prevent wear at the part corresponding -with the toe joint of the natural foot, layers of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span> -canvas are cemented on the upper surface of the -rubber sole where it comes in contact with the -extreme forward part of the wooden portion. -Should the rubber sole give way or wear out, the -worn part, or indeed the entire sole, may be renewed -at small expense without the necessity of -replacing the entire foot as in the old style of -rubber foot.</p> - -<p>Altogether this is a lighter, stronger and more -serviceable foot, more easily and inexpensively -kept in order. A sectional view of this foot is -shown in No. 267.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"> -<img src="images/footer3.jpg" width="250" height="150" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure220-223.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="220 221 222 223" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 220</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden -foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable -leather lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, -warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five -years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 221</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden -foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden -socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one -year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 222</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather -lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for -one year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 223</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. -Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure224-227.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="224 225 226 227" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 224</span></p> - -<p>Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when -the knee joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump -is too short for the successful use of a socket leg; new -foot with rigid ankle No. 267, and leather socket. -Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p>The sockets on Nos. 224 and 225 may be -transposed, using the leather socket on No. 225 or -the wooden socket on No. 224.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 225</span></p> - -<p>Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when -the knee joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump -is too short for the successful use of a socket leg; -wooden foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, -and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted -one year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p>Leg for knee-joint amputation is made similar to -the knee-bearing legs and prices are the same. The -upper part of leg for this kind of amputation is made -same as shown by No. 203 on <a href="#Page_26">page 26</a>.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 226</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, -ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden -socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one -year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 227</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, -ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable -leather lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted -for one year; $60, three years; $70, five -years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure228-231.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="228 229 230 231" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 228</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather -lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for -one year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 229</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. -Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 230</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee -joints or thigh support. This style of leg is hardly -suitable for stumps less than six inches in length. -With a sound stump of sufficient length it may be -worn with much satisfaction, as it is about one-third -lighter than one with the knee joints and thigh band, -and the wearer experiences much less restraint in its -use, both in walking and sitting. It is, however, -not recommended if the stump is sore or sensitive, -as the entire pressure or bearing must be taken on -the stump, with no provision for relieving it as with -the leg with thigh band. No. 230 shows the -leg with new foot, with rigid ankle No. 267, and -adjustable leather lacing socket. A wooden socket -with the same foot will be used if desired. Price, -complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, three -years; $65, five years. If this leg is purchased, -and it subsequently proves unsatisfactory, knee joints -and thigh bands will be put on for $10.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 231</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee -joints or thigh support, wooden foot, ankle joint -No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket, or -adjustable leather lacing socket if desired. Price, -complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, three -years; $65, five years. Any time after leg is finished -joints and thigh band will be put on for $10.</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Amputations at or below the Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>Amputations at or below the ankle joint are -usually performed with the expectation that much -of the weight of the body can be borne on the end -of the stump or plantar surface of the remaining -part of the foot, and in most cases this can be done. -Owing to the little space below the end of the stump, -it is desirable, with few exceptions, to construct feet -for these amputations without articulated ankle -joints.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure232-237and270.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="232 233 234 235 236 237 270" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 232</span></p> - -<p>Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) operation, with new foot with rigid -ankle No. 267, without knee joints or thigh support. Price, -complete, $40, warranted for one year; $50, three years; $60, -five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 233</span></p> - -<p>Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) amputation, with new foot with -rigid ankle No. 267, with knee joints and thigh support, used -when little or no pressure or weight can be taken on the end of -the stump. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 234</span></p> - -<p>Stump after amputation through or near the instep.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 235</span></p> - -<p>Appliance for partial amputation of foot. The foot is made of -wood, covered with rawhide, and has an articulated toe joint; -leather sheath coming up above the ankle, laced in front. Price, -$25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 236</span></p> - -<p>Appliance for amputation through the instep similar to No. 235, -with sheath extending well up on the leg, and laced in the back. -Price, $30.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 237</span></p> - -<p>Appliance for partial amputation of foot. Wooden foot, toe joint, -leather sheath extending to the knee, with side joints. This is -used when little or no weight can be taken on the end of stump, -the weight being supported by the leather sheath on the leg below -the knee. Price, $40.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 270</span></p> - -<p>An entirely new style of foot for amputation at the ankle joint. -The leather sheath encases the stump from the knee to the end. -The articulated joint is made by putting the bolt or cylinder entirely -through the foot, giving a good wearing surface similar to the artificial -knee joint used for amputations above the knee. If there -is little room below end of stump the foot would be made of hard -wood.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<h3><i>Peg Legs</i></h3> - -<p>These low-priced legs are carefully fitted, and, -excepting No. 242, are covered with rawhide and -enameled the same as the legs with feet. They -have heavy iron ferrules screwed to the bottom, in -which a rubber cushion is used. If desired at some -future time, a foot and ankle may be attached. -Measurements, mould, profiles, etc., same as for -leg with foot, excepting that no foot measurements -are required, and length of sound leg should be taken -with shoe on.</p> - -<p>The prices include suspenders and stump stock.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure238-242.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="238 239 240 241 242" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 238</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg without knee joint, for amputation above the -knee; wooden socket; adjustable leather lacing socket -used if preferred. Price, including suspenders, $18.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 239</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg with knee joint, for amputation above the -knee; shown with wooden socket; adjustable leather -lacing socket used if preferred; automatic lock, making -knee stiff in standing; pressing the button in the -back part of joint releases the knee lock so that joint -may be flexed in sitting. Price, including suspenders, -$25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 240</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg with wooden socket, for amputation below -the knee. Price, including suspenders, if desired, -$25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 241</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, for -amputation below the knee. Price, including suspenders, -if desired, $25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 242</span></p> - -<p>Skeleton peg leg for amputation below the knee, to -be used with knee resting on pad. The measurements -required: distance from knee to floor, diameter -through the knee from side to side outside clothing. -State whether for right or left leg. Price $8.</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Suspenders</i></h3> - -<p>All artificial legs for thigh amputations require support -from shoulders or waist. For amputations at or -below the knee, except ankle joint and partial foot amputations, -it is desirable to have suspenders attached for -beginners. Many, however, discard them after a time. -All legs that we make requiring suspenders are equipped -with them, any form desired, without extra charge. We -are not confined to the styles illustrated; they will be -modified to suit the purchaser or any peculiarities of the case.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[52]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure252-257.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="252 253 254 255 256 257" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[53]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 252</span></p> - -<p>Suspender for leg amputation with forked straps to be attached -to artificial leg below the knee; heavy elastic web between the -buckle and fork; this is a popular style. Price, $1.50.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 253</span></p> - -<p>A waist belt for women to which elastic straps are attached in -back and front, or the forked strap in front only. This is for -amputation below the knee. It is, however, often used in connection -with suspenders, which pass over the shoulders, on legs -for thigh amputation. Price, complete for leg amputation, $2.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 254</span></p> - -<p>For women. Corset with roller suspenders attached to waist -belt, used when amputation is above the knee. This is a much -more convenient and comfortable support for women than any -kind of suspender straps. The belt or straps can be made to -attach to any corset. Price, including corset, $5.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 255</span></p> - -<p>Roller suspenders for leg for thigh amputation. Crossed or -looped behind and looped in front if desired. Price, $4.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 256</span></p> - -<p>The roller or pulley used on the roller suspenders. The action -of the straps under these rollers prevents drawing over the -shoulders, in stooping, sitting or lying down, the suspenders -remaining stationary on the shoulders. Price, 25 cents each.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 257</span></p> - -<p>Suspenders, partial elastic, of the ordinary pattern, for thigh -amputation; riveted so as to swivel on a leather strap laced -around the upper part of the socket. Price, $3.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The back part of the sockets of all legs for thigh amputations -is padded. This prevents the wear and cutting -of the clothing when sitting on a hard seat of any kind. -Without the padding, destruction of the clothing can -hardly be avoided.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> - -<img src="images/figure258-259.jpg" width="350" height="350" alt="258 259" /> - -<p class="num"><i>Fitting Tool</i></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Number 258.</span> There are changes in stumps from -time to time requiring slight smoothing or easing out -in the socket. A wooden socket can most conveniently -and effectually be cut out with one of these -fitting tools, such as are used by artificial limb makers. -Price, $1.50.</p> - -<p class="num"><i>Stump Socks</i></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Number 259.</span> Socks made from soft woolen yarn -are the most convenient and comfortable covering -that can be worn on a stump, with or without an -artificial leg. With a properly fitted socket, either -wood or leather, it is as much padding as is required. -To compensate for shrinkage of the stump, two or -three extra socks may be added from time to time -as required. It is desirable, however, if the stump -has become so much reduced that more covering than -this is needed, to have the socket lined with leather -or felt, and if it should still further reduce, a new -socket or top is the best remedy.</p> - -</div> - -<h3>PRICE LIST</h3> - -<p class="center smaller">Delivered by mail or express on receipt of price.</p> - -<table summary="Price list" class="borders"> - <tr> - <th>Length of Sock</th> - <th colspan="2">Circumference at<br />largest part of<br />Stump</th> - <th>Price<br />Each</th> - <th class="nobr">Price<br />per<br />Dozen</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 inches or less</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">$0.35</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">$3.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 to 16 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.45</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">4.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 to 16 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Over</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.55</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">5.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 to 22 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.55</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">5.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 to 22 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Over</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.65</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">6.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>22 to 28 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.65</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">6.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>22 to 28 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Over</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">7.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>28 to 34 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">7.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="last-row">28 to 34 inches</td> - <td class="nobr last-row">Over</td> - <td class="last-row">15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr last-row">.85</td> - <td class="tdr nobr last-row">8.50</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>One-fourth or one-half dozen at dozen rates.</p> - -<p>Length of sock should be two or three inches longer -than the remaining part of the mutilated leg.</p> - -<p>State whether amputation is above, below, or at the -knee; give length and circumference at top and two -inches from the end of stump.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[55]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Legs for Deformities</i></h3> - -<p>We make limbs for all manner of deformities, -each one specially designed and constructed to -conform to the individual peculiarities. With a -fair degree of strength in the deficient limb, comfortable -support and probability of easy locomotion -are assured the wearers of these appliances. Rubber -or wooden foot can be used. Prices vary from -$50 to $100, according to the difficulties to be -overcome in proper construction and comfortable -fitting. After receiving full description, exact price -will be given. A plaster mould or cast of the -deformed limb should be forwarded, together with -measurements of sound limb, same as in case of an -amputation.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> - -<img src="images/figure243-244.jpg" width="350" height="625" alt="243 244" /> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 243</span></p> - -<p>This cut represents one of the more difficult of the -many legs we are called upon to make for malformations. -This particular limb was made from measurements -and cast of deformed leg (No. 244) without -the presence of the applicant at the factory. After -one or two trials in the rough it was finished and is -being used with the utmost satisfaction.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[56]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Price List of Supplies</i></h3> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, 5 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">$1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, 2 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, 1½ inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, 1 inch wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, ¾ inch wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Non-elastic Web, cotton, 2 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Non-elastic Web, cotton, 1½ inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Non-elastic Web, worsted, tubular, 2 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buckle, brass, 2 inches wide, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buckle Roller, single prong, ⅞, ¾ or ⅝ inch wide, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buckle Snaps</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Felt, best fine wool, per ounce</td> - <td class="tdr"> .25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Spring, made from 5-inch web, complete, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Spring Rod, C, cut No. 260, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Bolt, for amputation above knee, complete, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Bolt End Screw, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Cord, with adjustable attachment, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Cord, without adjustable attachment, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Joint Bolts and Screws, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bushings for same, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lacing Strings, rawhide or buckskin, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lacing Hooks, each 3 cents, per dozen</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lacing Eyelets, ¼ or ⁵⁄₁₆ inch, per dozen</td> - <td class="tdr">.10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - heel, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - front or side, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle-Cord Loops, without top or spring, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle-Cord Springs, heel or front, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle-Cord Wrench, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle Bolt, steel, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ball Socket for ball-and-socket ankle, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rotary Stopper for ball-and-socket ankle, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe Cord or Rod with Bracket, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe-Spring Rubber, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe Fasteners, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rubber Cushion for bottom of peg leg, 2 inches diameter, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center smaller">Sent post-paid on receipt of price.</p> - -<p class="smaller">In ordering cords, if with the screw tops, give length from inside -of loop at one end to the other extreme end; if without the screw -attachment, give length from inside of loop at one extreme end to -inside of loop at the other extreme end.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Price List for Repairs</i></h3> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Neverchafe Socket, for amputation above or below the knee. Inner leather, $5.00; outer wooden shell, $15.00; both</td> - <td class="tdr">$20.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wooden Socket, for amputation above or below the knee</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Leather Lacing Socket, for amputation above or below the knee</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee, complete, for thigh amputation leg</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee, upper part only</td> - <td class="tdr">8.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee, lower part only</td> - <td class="tdr">7.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Walkeasy Ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Walkeasy Foot, sponge-rubber sole</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Walkeasy Foot and Ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">25.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Wooden Foot</td> - <td class="tdr">10.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Rubber Foot with rigid ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">10.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Foot and Ankle; wooden foot with ankle joint, or rubber foot with rigid ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee Joints</td> - <td class="tdr">7.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Thigh Lacer, for amputation below the knee</td> - <td class="tdr">3.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for thigh amputation</td> - <td class="tdr">7.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for leg amputation</td> - <td class="tdr">5.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center smaller">For other repairs, difficult of enumeration, a charge of 50 cents -per hour will be made.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Part_III"><span class="smcap">Part III</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">ARTIFICIAL ARMS</span></h2> - -</div> - -<p>The construction of artificial arms may be said -to have commenced with the sixteenth century. -“The distinguished Chevalier Göetz fought -at the head of the army of Margrave Frederick from -1504 to 1562 with an artificial iron hand. The -fingers of this hand were closed one after the other -by the action of several springs. We are further -informed that this hand, which possessed enormous -weight, enclosed the stump, and was attached to -the armor which covered the body.”</p> - -<p>During the sixteenth century many very defective -artificial arms were made, which, however, -served the purpose for which they were intended, as -they enabled the wearers to engage in battle, guide -their horses, etc. The artificial hand being once -attached to the weapon or bridle rein, mechanism -for articulating the fingers was not deemed necessary.</p> - -<p>Ambrose Parè, a noted French physician, born -in 1500, and called the father of French surgery, -describes an artificial hand made of iron, with more -perfect mechanism than the one worn by Göetz; -in this hand the thumb is immovable and all the -fingers are opened and closed simultaneously under -the influence of a single spring.</p> - -<p>During Ambrose Parè’s time efforts were -made to restore natural movements of the lost parts -in order to enable the maimed to perform all -ordinary labor. Leather, paper, and other metals -were substituted for iron. Parè leaves a figure of -a leather hand, but without details as to its mechanism; -it is apparently made with immovable fingers -and thumb, but with a sheath inserted between the -thumb and index finger for receiving a pen, etc.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span> -He further describes an artificial forearm, which -can, by the aid of the sound hand, be brought into -any degree of flexion and maintained there by the -use of a pawl caught into meshes of a cog wheel. -The artificial arms described by Ambrose Parè, -although extremely heavy, seem to have been in -favor until the latter part of the eighteenth century; -at this time a monk of the order of Carmelites -designed a hand made of sheet tin, with movable -fingers and thumb, to be articulated by movement -of the stump, but we are informed that it was too -complicated to be used with any degree of success -except in cases of amputation near the wrist joint. -We have a description of an arm made subsequently -of leather and covered with sheepskin, colored -in such a manner as to represent the appearance -of the human skin, and to make it appear -more natural the nails were made of white horn. -The improvements in the hand were mostly in the -appearance, without any important addition to its -utility or usefulness.</p> - -<p>In 1818 a Dr. Graefe suggested the construction -of an arm susceptible of manipulation by -means of cords attached to a corset surrounding -the shoulders, the arm to be moved without the -aid of the sound hand. This principle of attachment -for the movement of the forearm and fingers -is followed to the present time with various -modifications.</p> - -<p>The early history of artificial arms seems to -refer mainly to their special construction and application -for people of renown who had suffered the -loss of their natural extremities. Until a comparatively -recent period the impracticability, on account -of complicated heavy mechanism, and the great expense -of these appliances, precluded anything like -a general demand for their use. As the inventive<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span> -geniuses of modern times have devised and produced -so many labor and time-saving instruments -and machines, that are, however useful, nevertheless -the cause of much horrible mutilation -of humanity, so also have they in some measure -made compensation to the maimed by the progress -and improvement attained in the utility of the -appliances for the substitution of lost members. -Simplicity of mechanism, the application of extremely -light material in such a manner as to preserve -the necessary strength, are the prominent -features of progress in artificial arm construction, -and in combination with the prevailing moderate -prices, bring them into popular favor with those -who have use for them.</p> - -<p>However light, strong and mechanically perfect -an arm and hand may be made, its success or -failure—provided the stump is sound and of sufficient -length—depends much upon the continued -patience and perseverance of the wearer in getting -accustomed to its use. The preservation of the -form and the general improvement in the appearance -produced by a properly constructed and -comfortably fitted arm, to say nothing of its usefulness -and convenience, should be an incentive -to persistent effort on the part of the wearer to -habituate himself to it, and if this is practiced -for a few weeks there need be no fear of the -ultimate result.</p> - -<h3><i>Sockets for the Stumps</i></h3> - -<p>For amputation below the elbow the neatest -and best fitting socket is made from specially prepared -stiff leather moulded over a cast of the stump, -supported with a framework of steel and lined -with buckskin or kid. The advantages over a -wooden socket are that it is less clumsy, adheres -more closely to the stump, that there is no danger<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span> -of splitting, and withal is equally as durable. We -make them, however, of wood if desired. For -amputation above the elbow the artificial elbow is -made of wood, and it is sometimes desirable to -extend the wood upward in one piece to form -the socket.</p> - -<h3><i>Aluminum</i></h3> - -<p>Much has been anticipated and hoped for in -artificial limb work from this new and extremely -light metal, but it has proved objectionable for any -parts in both arms and legs that come in near contact -with the stumps, owing to the rapid oxidization -that takes place from perspiration, and its practical -use is confined to fingers, toes, and such other minor -fixtures as are not likely to come in contact with -any part of the body.</p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Hands</i></h3> - -<p>Whatever their mechanical perfection, artificial -hands can, in fact, possess but one useful -quality, that of seizing objects like pincers. In -nearly every act performed by the natural fingers -are combined flexion, extension, prehension, and -many other different movements; this combination -no mechanic has ever been able—and probably -none ever will be able—to successfully reproduce -in an artificial hand. It is, therefore, practically -useless that the fingers should be movable, since a -less complicated, lighter and stronger hand can be -made with fingers rigid, in a half-closed, natural -position, articulating the thumb only, which results -in a more powerful spring and consequently a -greater degree of firm grasping power. The fingers -being strengthened with steel plates running through -them, reinforced with a covering of rawhide, and -securely fastened to the hand, heavy objects may be -lifted without danger of the fingers straightening out -and the object dropping to the ground.</p> - -<p>While we furnish the hand with movable<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span> -fingers, and the rubber hand with ductile rubber -fingers, the wooden hand with rigid fingers and -movable thumb is recommended as giving the most -practical, durable, and satisfactory service.</p> - -<h3><i>The Color</i></h3> - -<p>Artificial hands are covered with a delicately -tinted enamel, as nearly a flesh color as it is possible -to make; but in order that they may be less conspicuous -and the illusion more complete a glove -should be worn at all times. We furnish a pair of -gloves with each hand.</p> - -<h3><i>Tools and Implements</i></h3> - -<p>Tools and implements in almost limitless variety -can be used in an arm in place of the hand. Those -most frequently used are the plain hook, double hook, -ring, knife, fork, brush, and spoon. People who -have never worn arms hardly know what will be of -service to them. Special tools are required for -special work, and these can be subsequently provided -when it has been determined what will be most -useful. With all arms with detachable hands, or -rubber hands with the palm socket, we furnish a plain -hook, knife, fork, and brush, without extra charge, -or the price of any of these implements that are -not wanted will be deducted from the price of -the arm.</p> - -<h3><i>Finger Construction</i></h3> - -<p>Usually the fingers for artificial hands are -made of a single piece of wood, and it is obvious if -the finger is curved or flexed that at some point the -grain of the wood will be directly across the finger -and will quickly break if subjected to any considerable -strain. To obviate this difficulty we -make the fingers for the wooden hands of two -pieces of wood; on one side the grain or fibre runs -lengthwise, and on the other crosswise, and between -these two pieces of wood is placed a steel plate, and -all are firmly riveted together, the steel plate projecting<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span> -sufficiently to be securely riveted to the hand. -The fingers are next entirely covered with rawhide, -which, together with the other precautions taken -against breakage, make them sufficiently strong to -support the weight of the wearer. See No. 300, -<a href="#Page_64">page 64</a>.</p> - -<h3><i>Partial Amputation of Hand</i></h3> - -<p>No. 301 (<a href="#Page_64">page 64</a>) represents a stump after -partial amputation of the hand, leaving free use of -thumb, but it is with difficulty that this can be -brought in contact with the remaining stump so as -to be of service. No. 302 represents, for stumps of -this description, a wooden sheath, terminating in -immovable fingers partially closed, the hand being -attached to the wrist and forearm by means of a -leather lacing attachment. The sheath is covered -with rawhide and enameled, and the fingers made as -shown in No. 300. Price $40.</p> - -<p>Should there be amputation at the base of two -or three fingers only, with no impairment in the -movements of the remaining one or two, so that -they can be brought in firm contact with the thumb, -what is left of such a mutilated hand is far more -useful than anything that can possibly be made to -supplement it, but to conceal the loss and give the -hand a more perfect appearance, fingers can be -made and applied as represented by No. 302, over -which a glove should be worn.</p> - -<p>Nos. 303 and 304 (<a href="#Page_64">page 64</a>) show an apparatus -useful in all kinds of labor for persons who -have undergone a partial amputation of the hand. -It consists of a leather sheath, laced to the forearm. -Attached to the under surface of this sheath is a -steel plate, which extends downward under the -stump, turning up slightly at the end. At the end -is an aperture through which it is possible to slip -the handles of tools and implements, passing them -beneath the stump, where they are securely held in -place by pressure of the stump. Price $20.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[64]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure300-317.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 316 317" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[65]</span></p> - -<p>No. 305 represents a stump after an amputation -of all the fingers and thumb, and No. 306 an -artificial wooden hand for same, with stationary -fingers and articulated thumb with a powerful spring -to be opened with the assistance of the sound hand. -Price $40.</p> - -<h3><i>Rubber Hand</i></h3> - -<p>With the assistance of the other hand, or by -pressing against some resisting body, the ductile -rubber fingers of the hand No. 307 may be -changed in position to suit the needs of the wearer -as shown by the dotted lines in the illustration. -For those who prefer the rubber to the wooden -hand it will be furnished with any of the arms we -make. It can be attached permanently to the forearm, -detachable at the wrist, with provision for -using a hook of other implement in place of the -hand, or furnished with a palm socket and lock for -the use of hook, knife, fork, etc., without removing -the hand. See No. 308.</p> - -<h3><i>Connections</i></h3> - -<p>No. 309 represents a new method for connecting -the hand and arm. Heretofore the devices -in use could not be absolutely relied upon to keep -the hand or tools in place. It mattered not how -strongly the fingers were made for lifting heavy -weights, the customary spring or set-screw used for -locking this connection was liable to loosen or -give way without warning and cause much annoyance, -if not injury. On the hand plate two studs -are riveted, the heads of which pass into keyholes -in the arm plate. With a slight turn of the hand -the heads pass into the slots of the keyholes, bringing -the heads of the studs under the arm plate; -they are kept immovable with a spring that automatically -slips into a slot in the edge of the plate; -the spring is released by a pressure of the thumb of -the sound hand in twisting the artificial hand off. -The hook and other tools have a lug at the end of -the spindle or shank; after passing the shank -through the hole in the center of the arm plate, it -is turned to any desired position and held firmly in -place with the wing nut, as shown in No. 310.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure318-325.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[67]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Some of the Implements</i></h3> - -<p>Some of the implements that may be attached -in the wrist plate when the hand is removed are -also shown in the illustration. All excepting the -brush are made of steel, or other suitable metal.</p> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>No. 310—Single Hook</td> - <td>Price</td> - <td class="tdr">$1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 311—Brush</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 312—Spoon</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 313—Table Knife</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 314—Table Fork</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 316—Double Hook</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">3.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 317—Ring</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">2.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>Special knife, fork, brush, and hook will be -made for use in the palm of rubber hand, No. 308, -without additional charge. Other tools, such as -pincers, claw hook, clevis, etc., will be made to -order when desired.</p> - -<h3><i>Wrist Joint Amputations</i></h3> - -<p>These usually leave a stump somewhat larger at -the end than immediately above (see No. 318, <a href="#Page_64">page -64</a>), thus providing a means of securely applying the -arm and keeping it in place without the necessity of -attachment above the elbow, as shown in No. 319.</p> - -<p>Attachments above the elbow may, however, -be put on if thought best, and for amputation at or a -short distance above the wrist it is preferable to make -the connection at the elbow with leather straps, -as shown in No. 320, rather than with steel joints.</p> - -<p>The socket of any arm for amputation between -wrist and elbow will be made to lace if desired.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span></p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, Nos. 319 and 320</span> (<a href="#Page_66">See page 66</a>)</h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand, permanently attached to forearm, no - provision for tools, and without attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">$30.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The same with attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">35.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rubber hand, not detachable at wrist, but with palm socket, - including knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment above - the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">35.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The same with attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">40.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand, detachable at the wrist, including - knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">40.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The same with attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">45.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>No. 321 represents arm for amputation below -the elbow, leather socket and leather lacer above -the elbow, both reinforced with steel frame, connected -at elbow with steel joint straps.</p> - -<p>No. 322 is a detachable wooden hand, with -rigid fingers and movable thumb. A traction rod -for opening the thumb with motion of shoulder is -shown in the illustration; a web strap is buttoned -to the upper end of the traction rod and passes over -opposite shoulder, as shown in No. 326, <a href="#Page_70">page 70</a>. -Any motion of the shoulder that will draw on this -rod will open the thumb, and when the tension is -released a strong spring in the thumb brings it back -in contact with the first finger. For single amputations -there is little or no advantage in having this -attachment put on; it necessarily requires more -complicated and expensive mechanism, without any -practical gain to the wearer. For double amputations -something of this kind must be depended -upon for assistance, and to obtain the greatest -benefit from artificial arms, means similar to this -for operating the movement of the thumb are -absolutely required. One or more movable fingers -in conjunction with the thumb may be operated in -the same manner.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span></p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 321</span></h4> - -<p class="center smaller">Including Plain Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush</p> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Arm without hand, used as a peg arm; a hand may be - subsequently applied</td> - <td class="tdr">$25.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Arm with wooden or rubber hand, detachable at wrist</td> - <td class="tdr">50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Arm with wooden hand and traction rod for opening thumb - from shoulder</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint</i></h3> - -<p>No. 323 represents arm with ball-and-socket -wrist joint for amputation below the elbow, but -not suitable for an amputation near the wrist for -the reason that the space in that locality is required -for the mechanism of the joint. In the various -uses to which an artificial hand may be put, a -change in the position of the hand is often desirable; -for example, in keeping a book or paper in position -while being written upon with the sound hand, the -artificial hand can be turned so that the tips of the -fingers will rest upon and hold the article securely -in place. In bringing the arm in front of the -body the ball-and-socket joint admits of the hand -being brought near to the body in a very easy, lifelike -manner. In other positions desired the hand -may be placed at the degree of flexion most convenient -and helpful and that giving the most natural -appearance. No. 332, on <a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>, gives an illustration -of the details of the joint. The forearm -and attachment above the elbow are leather, supported -with steel framework same as No. 321. -Wooden hand with movable thumb is furnished -with or without traction rod for opening thumb -with shoulder movement, but no provision is made -for the use of a hook or other implement in place -of the hand. A rubber hand with palm socket for -implements can be attached if preferred, but is -somewhat heavier. For persons not employed in -laborious occupations and who have no occasion<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[70]</span> -to use a hook or similar implement, this style of -arm is desirable; for others we would recommend -No. 321.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 323</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Without traction rod for opening the thumb</td> - <td class="tdr">$50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With traction rod attachment for opening thumb by - shoulder movement</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>For Deformed Arm</i></h3> - -<p>No. 324, <a href="#Page_66">page 66</a>, represents irregularly -formed forearm and hand, the forearm being considerably -shorter than the opposite one. No. 325 -represents artificial arm and hand made to supply -the deficiency. The hand may be wood or rubber -and detachable or not at the wrist, and provision -made for the use of implements the same as in -case of an amputation. These malformations are -treated mechanically the same as amputations. -Plaster moulds or casts of the deformed parts are -required, together with measurements of the opposite -arm and hand.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 325</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand</td> - <td class="tdr">$50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With wooden hand, thumb opened by movement of shoulder</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Manner of Attaching Arm and Straps</i></h3> - -<p>No. 326 illustrates arm for amputation below -the elbow, equipped with shoulder cap, strap passing -around body for holding it in place, and the attachment -for opening the thumb -by movement of the opposite -shoulder. If thumb is to -be opened with the assistance -of the sound hand, this extra -strap and traction rod are -omitted.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure326.jpg" width="350" height="350" alt="326" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[71]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Arm for Amputation above the Elbow</i></h3> - -<p>No. 327 on <a href="#Page_72">the next page</a> represents a wooden -arm for amputation above the elbow, fitted with -cord for raising forearm and locking it at right -angles. This is operated as shown in No. 330, -while the mechanism is the same as shown in -detailed drawing No. 332. Wooden or rubber -hand No. 328 is furnished permanently attached or -detachable, but this arm may be used as a peg, -without hand, hook No. 310 or other implement -being used in place of the hand. It can also be -made as a peg without a joint at elbow, straight or -curved to any desired angle.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 327</span></h4> - -<p class="center smaller">Including Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush</p> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Without elbow joint or hand</td> - <td class="tdr">$30.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Without hand, but with elbow joint without gearing for - raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">35.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Without hand, but with elbow joint with gearing for - raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">40.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With wooden or rubber hand permanently attached, without - the implements and without gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With detachable wooden or rubber hand, including implements, - without gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">65.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Manner of Attaching</i></h3> - -<p>No. 330 represents the corset that is used with -arms for upper amputation. The arm is laced or -buckled to the corset, and draught cord in the back -is for raising the forearm by a shrug of the shoulders.</p> - -<h3><i>Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint for Amputation above the Elbow</i></h3> - -<p>No. 331 represents wooden arm for amputation -above the elbow, with ball-and-socket wrist -joint. An explanation of the ball-and-socket wrist -for amputation below the elbow is given on <a href="#Page_69">page 69</a> -under No. 323. The joint is universal and admits -of placing the hand in any position, as shown by -dotted lines. This is kept in place by spring friction -on the ball. The wrist cannot be made quite -the natural shape—that we are able to produce -without the ball-and-socket joint; but this must be, -necessarily, round. This part, however, is usually -covered with the cuff or sleeve and is not conspicuous.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure327-335.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span></p> - -<p>No. 332 is a sectional view of the arm and -hand. A forward impulse of the shoulder and -stump causes traction of the cord, moving the -geared segment wheels so as to raise the forearm to -any degree of flexion, when it is retained in position -by means of a latch passing through a spring post -and locking automatically. The wearer is enabled -to conveniently carry a coat, shawl, basket, etc., -on the artificial arm. A pressure on the button -underneath the arm releases the lock, and the forearm -is again under control of the stump and -shoulders. The spring in the hand is for keeping -the thumb in position and is the same as we put in -all hands with movable thumb.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Price, No. 331</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand</td> - <td class="tdr">$70.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Combination Table Knife and Fork</i></h3> - -<p>No. 333, <a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>, represents one of these -useful implements, designed and made expressly -for those who have been deprived of the use of one -hand, and no such person can afford to be without -one for a day. The blade is thin steel, ground to -a sharp edge and terminating in a fork. A rolling -motion will cut the food, and a twist of the hand -will bring the fork into position for use. No. 334 -represents a leather sheath into which the knife can -be inserted.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span></p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, Nos. 333 and 334</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Redwood handle</td> - <td class="tdr">$0.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ebony handle</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bone handle</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ivory handle</td> - <td class="tdr">3.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pearl handle</td> - <td class="tdr">4.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sheath, extra</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Pocket Knife for One-armed Persons</i></h3> - -<p>No. 335, <a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>, represents a simple, serviceable -knife that can be operated quickly and -conveniently with one hand. A pull of the thumb -opens the blade slot, the blade drops down and out -and is securely locked; invert the knife, with the -blade up, and a pull of the thumb allows it to drop -back into the handle.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 335</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Five and one-half inches long when opened</td> - <td class="tdr">$0.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nine inches long when opened</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Sundries"><span class="smcap">Sundries</span></h2> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Trusses</span> made to order with guaranteed success; -hard rubber, celluloid, leather, wire and -elastic. All desirable styles are carried in stock. -Mechanical treatment of difficult cases of hernia -a specialty. Truss supplies and repairs. Send for -truss catalogue.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Elastic Stockings</span> for varicose veins and -weak or swollen joints. Send for prices and directions -for measurements.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Abdominal Supporters and Obesity -Belts.</span> Large variety in elastic and non-elastic. -Special supporters, our own pattern, for use after -abdominal operations.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Deformity Appliances</span> for paralyzed and -weak limbs made to order.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rawhide Jackets</span> for curvature of the spine. -These are light, rigid and porous and a great improvement -over the plaster or leather jackets.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tricycles for Cripples.</span> Hand and foot -power, with ball bearings and rubber-cushion or -pneumatic tires. We are special agents for these -machines, as we are for invalid chairs. Send for -tricycle catalogue.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Surgical Bandages, Suspensories, Uterine -Supporters, etc.</span></p> - -<h3><i>Crutches and Crutch Supplies</i></h3> - -<p>We sell only the best quality of these goods -and such as can be absolutely relied upon. Sent -on receipt of price, or C.O.D. if order is accompanied -with a deposit of one dollar to cover express -charges if for any reason the crutches are returned -to us. Special crutches will be made to order for -such as desire something different from the regular -line, but advance payment is required. Our crutch -catalogue gives more complete descriptions than the -brief ones given here and will be forwarded to any -who apply for it.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure1-6andothers.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="1 2 4 5 6 17 21 29 32 35 44" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span></p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 1—Spring top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per -pair: Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra -heavy, $10; rock maple, $7; extra heavy, $8.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 2—Cow-horn top. Rock maple, cherry tops and -hand rests. Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain -ferrule bottom, $2.50; extra heavy, $3. Quality -C, with No. 35 bottom, No. 32 cushion, -$3.75; extra heavy, $4.50.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 4—Plain Split. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand -rests, no ferrule at bottom. Price, per pair, -$1.50.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 5—Padded top. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand -rests. Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain ferrule -at bottom, $2.50; extra heavy, $3. Quality -B, No. 35 socket, No. 32 cushion, $3.75; -extra heavy, $4.50.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 6—Hard top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per -pair: Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra -heavy, $10; rock maple, rosewood tops and -hand rests, $7; extra heavy, $8.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 21—Socket and jaw bottom. Medium size, $2 per -pair; large size, $2.50 per pair. No. 44 jaws -with flange bottom used without extra charge.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 35—Sockets. Two sizes, $1 per pair.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 29—Pure gum white rubber cushions. Medium size, -50 cents per pair; large size, 75 cents per pair.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 17—Rubber tips to slip on over end of crutches or -cane. Various sizes. Prices, three-eighths to -one inch, 20 cents per pair.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span></p> - -<p>In corresponding, if the following questions -are answered it will give us a very good idea of -your condition and will better enable us to judge -what will be suitable for you in the way of an artificial -limb. Give the number as it appears before -the question and then the answer to the question.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>1. Your name</p> - -<p>2. Post office</p> - -<p>3. County</p> - -<p>4. State</p> - -<p>5. Age</p> - -<p>6. Weight</p> - -<p>7. Height</p> - -<p>8. Occupation</p> - -<p>9. Leg or arm amputated</p> - -<p>10. When amputated</p> - -<p>11. Right or left</p> - -<p>12. Above or below elbow or knee</p> - -<p>13. If above, give length from body</p> - -<p>14. If below, give length from knee pan or elbow joint</p> - -<p>15. What is condition of stump</p> - -<p>16. Can you take any pressure on end of stump</p> - -<p>17. Cause of amputation</p> - -<p>18. Ever use an artificial limb</p> - -<p>19. If so, what style and make, and how long</p> - -<p>20. Was it satisfactory</p> - -<p>21. If not, why</p> - -<p>22. Have you one of our new catalogues</p> - -<p>23. Would it be an inducement for you to give us an order if we sent -a man to take your measurements</p> - -<p>24. If we did so, would you stand a part of the expense</p> - -<p>25. Do you wish to work for a free artificial limb premium? If so, -we will send you particulars</p> - -</div> - -<p>Is there any special information you would -like on the subject of artificial limbs? If so, let us -know what it is, and we will do the best we can to -enlighten you.</p> - -<div class="form">Date</div> - -<p class="titlepage">Chasmar-Winchell New York and Pittsburg</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. -</div> - -<div style='margin:0.83em 0; font-size:1.1em; text-align:center'>START: FULL LICENSE<br /> -<span style='font-size:smaller'>THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE<br /> -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK</span> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project -Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person -or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the -Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when -you share it without charge with others. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work -on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the -phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: -</div> - -<blockquote> - <div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most - other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions - whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms - of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online - at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you - are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws - of the country where you are located before using this eBook. - </div> -</blockquote> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project -Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg™ License. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format -other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain -Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -provided that: -</div> - -<div style='margin-left:0.7em;'> - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation.” - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ - works. - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. - </div> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right -of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread -public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state -visit <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/donate/">www.gutenberg.org/donate</a>. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. -</div> - -</div> - -</body> -</html> diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 6961e9e..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/deco-acorn.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/deco-acorn.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d553c75..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/deco-acorn.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/deco-tp.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/deco-tp.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 4930363..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/deco-tp.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure1-6andothers.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure1-6andothers.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index db17e60..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure1-6andothers.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure200-203.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure200-203.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b113b7d..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure200-203.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure204-207.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure204-207.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d3df280..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure204-207.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure211-213.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure211-213.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index f97c42f..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure211-213.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure216-218and267.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure216-218and267.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 94e955a..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure216-218and267.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure220-223.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure220-223.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 05f2d18..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure220-223.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure224-227.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure224-227.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index e59cdb2..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure224-227.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure228-231.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure228-231.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index bcbd390..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure228-231.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure232-237and270.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure232-237and270.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 0cdbfad..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure232-237and270.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure238-242.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure238-242.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 1ed82d8..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure238-242.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure243-244.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure243-244.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 35bbea8..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure243-244.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure252-257.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure252-257.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 2cdfde8..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure252-257.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure258-259.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure258-259.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 73d0f9a..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure258-259.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure260-263.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure260-263.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index e38e0fd..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure260-263.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure264-265.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure264-265.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 02fbef1..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure264-265.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure300-317.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure300-317.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 0da3de2..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure300-317.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure318-325.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure318-325.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b6b7171..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure318-325.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure326.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure326.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index e0b72fe..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure326.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/figure327-335.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/figure327-335.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d0b5d95..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/figure327-335.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/footer1.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/footer1.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 31df6ea..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/footer1.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/footer2.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/footer2.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b334e64..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/footer2.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/footer3.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/footer3.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index aa850fe..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/footer3.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/frontispiece.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/frontispiece.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 4ad326a..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/frontispiece.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/header1.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/header1.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index f2174ef..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/header1.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/header2.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/header2.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 4a7aaf8..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/header2.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/illus1.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/illus1.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 1130fe4..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/illus1.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/illus2.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/illus2.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 4a9e998..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/illus2.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/illus3.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/illus3.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 4cfa615..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/illus3.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/65975-h/images/illus4.jpg b/old/65975-h/images/illus4.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7db51cc..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/images/illus4.jpg +++ /dev/null |
