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diff --git a/old/65975-0.txt b/old/65975-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index f06e828..0000000 --- a/old/65975-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2550 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Making of a Man, by George R. Fuller -Company - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Making of a Man - Being a description of Artificial Limbs and how they may be - adopted by those who have suffered Loss of their Natural Limbs - -Author: George R. Fuller Company - -Release Date: August 1, 2021 [eBook #65975] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: MFR and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN *** - - - - -_The Making of a Man_ - -[Illustration] - - - - - The Making - of a Man - - BEING A DESCRIPTION OF - ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND - HOW THEY MAY BE - ADOPTED BY THOSE WHO - HAVE SUFFERED LOSS OF - THEIR NATURAL LIMBS - - [Illustration] - - George R. Fuller Company - Rochester, N. Y. - - 23 West Swan Street } BRANCHES { 50 North 13th Street - Buffalo, N.Y. } { Philadelphia, Pa. - - COPYRIGHTED 1902 BY - GEORGE R. FULLER CO. - - NOTE.—The copyright covers the arrangement and - phraseology of the text as well as the drawings and - engravings. The right of translation is reserved. - - - - -[Illustration: ARTIFICIAL LIMBS] - - - - -_Introduction_ - - -The making of a man is a process of time, of training and of progress. -The babe, indeed, may be born perfect in physical proportions and in -possession of normal faculties; but no product of Nature may stand still. -Growth or decay is the lot of every one, and the man—the full and perfect -man—is the result of physical and mental development. - -There has never been a time when physical development has received so -much attention as at present, or when its importance has been so greatly -appreciated. Physical culture and exercise in the open air have resulted -in making men and women stronger and healthier, and consequently more -graceful in carriage and figure and better fitted to enjoy the pleasures -and perform the duties of life. The conviction is now general that to -produce the highest type of man the cultivation and development of the -physical structure should proceed with the cultivation of the mind; but -on the other hand, the wise do not admit that the practice of devoting -too much attention to athletics should be encouraged, however prevalent -this practice may be said to be at many leading colleges. The proper -ratio should be observed. - -It is not desirable, to be sure, that the race should become one of -ignorant giants, but nevertheless the value of exercise and of physical -work cannot be disputed. The right to pursue this value should be shared -by all mankind. Fortunately it has been made possible now, as it formerly -was not, for those who have lost limbs to indulge in rightful exercise -and perform necessary physical work notwithstanding their misfortunes. -The activities of life, with their resulting benefit, are no longer -denied them. - -Surgery, the scientific making of mechanical devices for the correction -of deformities, and the manufacture of artificial substitutes for -lost limbs, have led in the advance of methods intended to better the -condition or ameliorate the suffering of humanity. - -Time was when the loss of a leg meant the stumping through the balance -of life on a crotched stick. There was Peter Stuyvesant, for instance, -whose portrait is shown on the cover of this catalogue. He lost a leg in -the wars in the West Indies in 1640. Thereafter, during the time he was -the last Dutch Director General of New Netherlands—from 1647 until his -surrender to the English in 1664—and to his death in New York in 1682 at -the ripe old age of eighty, he pegged his way along. He was a man well -able to afford the best in life, but nothing better than the ordinary peg -leg was then obtainable, and so for forty years or more Peter Stuyvesant -suffered the inconvenience due to the crude device. - -Now, fortunately for the afflicted, better things are possible. Science -and art have combined so successfully in the manufacture of our -artificial limbs that not only is the wearer free from discomfort but -he is enabled to continue his career of activity, and pursue, as may be -necessary, his labors for a livelihood. Besides, the perfection of design -and manufacture of these aids makes their presence difficult of detection. - -Not only is ordinary labor well performed, but many remarkable feats are -accomplished by wearers of limbs of our manufacture. A few instances are -cited below. - -A noted pitcher of a baseball team and a remarkable bicycle rider, -although deprived in early life of both legs by accident, is able to hold -a position of prominence in his profession. - -An operator constantly on his feet in a signal tower suffers no -inconvenience. After making five experiments he has found finally -that the artificial leg with which we have equipped him is the most -comfortable he has ever worn. - -A crack bicycle rider, both of whose legs have been amputated, one above -the knee and one below, pronounces our substitute faultless. He is able -not only to mount and dismount with ease but to perform all manner of -tricks and fancy riding, doing this as well as his competitors blessed -with sound, muscular, natural limbs. Besides, he has a mile track record -of 2.37. - -Money will not buy happiness, but it will aid in its attainment. Money -will not compensate for the loss of a limb, but it will buy a fair -substitute if one knows where to procure it. - -One having a valuable and delicate watch needing repairs would naturally -be very cautious into whose hands it was entrusted. In the event of -sickness we are apt to be very careful into whose care we place the -patient. Careful inquiry is made as to the reliability of the physician -and his experience, whether or not he has been successful, if he -understands his business and is honest in his purpose; if his advice will -be given in the best interests of the patient, or whether his own profit -is of first importance to him. - -It is entirely proper to ask similar questions in regard to the makers of -artificial limbs; but too often people are careless in the matter, and -place the case in the hands of almost anybody in the business, without -regard to responsibility or reliability. Thus the remedy secured is often -worse than the disease. The strictest investigation should be made. A -competent maker should be selected. The case being entrusted to him, -the minor details should be left to his judgment, with faith that his -experience and thorough understanding of his business will produce the -best result. - -No single style of limb is suitable for all cases. Appropriate and -distinct construction is necessary, that the limb shall meet the -requirements of the person who is to be compelled to wear it. Recognizing -the truth of this, we have been led to the study of the peculiarities and -individual needs of each case presented to us. Our limbs are constructed -with such a variety of joints and attachments that each appliance may be -accurately adapted to any variation in the condition or occupation of -the patient. If any doubt exists as to the result in any case, we give -ample opportunity for experiment at our expense. It is for this reason -that so many purchasers have spoken in the highest terms of praise of our -efforts and the results. - -[Illustration] - -We do not seek to discredit other manufacturers, but simply, in full -confidence, we state that we are the makers of the best goods obtainable. -In the pages following we have endeavored to convey some idea of the -ingenuity and artistic skill which we bestow upon our work. - -For over forty years—in fact, since 1856—we have conducted our business -in Rochester without interruption and with increasing prosperity. Until -1876 the business was conducted by Dr. Douglas Bly, who founded it. Then -for twenty years Mr. Fuller personally continued the business, until in -1896 the present company was incorporated under the laws of the State -of New York with a paid-up capital of $25,000. The patience and skill -exercised throughout these years have evolved the limb we term “The -Walk-Easy Leg,” and placed us at the head of manufacturers of artificial -limbs. Our efforts have been always to improve and perfect—to excel at -every point. We are assured that these efforts have met with approval. -We enjoy the confidence of those who have found need of our services. -As a further evidence that we have successfully sought to excel, it -may be stated that during the past twenty years, notwithstanding -active competition, we have supplied the United States Government with -one-quarter in number of all the limbs furnished to pensioners. We also -have supplied officially the States of Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina -and Louisiana. Furthermore, our work has been placed in the first class -by various scientific boards convened for the purpose, and it has -received the endorsement of the world’s most famous surgeons. - -Aside from the personal testimony of the multitudes throughout the -country who have availed themselves of our experience and skill, and have -offered to bear witness to the good we have done them, we refer as to -our financial standing and reliability to Dun or Bradstreet mercantile -agencies, or to any bank or public man in our city or vicinity. - -Intending purchasers are invited to correspond with us, that they may -receive, if they are necessary or desirable, fuller details than are -covered in this work. We are always glad to receive inquiries and offer -suggestions for the comfort of our customers. - -GEORGE R. FULLER COMPANY, ROCHESTER, N. Y. - -[Illustration] - -Patents have been granted us as follows: - - April 19, 1859 No. 23,656 - April 30, 1859 No. 25,238 - February 19, 1861 No. 31,438 - July 20, 1862 No. 38,549 - May 19, 1863 No. 38,550 - July 28, 1857 Re-issued July 7, 1863 No. 1,510 - May 17, 1859 } - July 3, 1860 } Re-issued July 12, 1864 No. 1,724 - Dec. 23, 1862 } - October 11, 1864 No. 44,638 - September 4, 1866 No. 57,666 - March 9, 1869 No. 87,624 - April 19, 1887 No. 361,405 - October 4, 1887 No. 370,774 - - -_Amputations_ - -It is probable that such a publication as this will be read only by -those who have lost limbs or by their immediate friends. To advance an -opinion here as to the length of stump or the kind of operation best -adapted to the subsequent application of an artificial limb would be -of little benefit, and might, indeed, suggest dissatisfaction to the -sufferer and cause injury to the operator. The preservation of life is -the object of amputations. Surgeons generally appreciate the importance -of the operation and their own responsibility. They undertake it with -reluctance. Often during such an operation exigencies arise or unforeseen -conditions so present themselves as to preclude any observance of -suggestions relating to the selection of a point for amputation and -preparation of the stump for the exercise of the restorative art of -prosthesis. Then the surgeon has no choice if he would save life. It -is better not to criticise the operation and malign the operator, but -to believe the best results possible under the circumstances have been -attained and be thankful that the outcome is no worse. - - -_Treatment of the Stump_ - -In preparation for the application of an artificial leg, and as soon as -it is healed sufficiently to permit it without pain or irritation, the -stump should be kept tightly bandaged from the end up to the knee, if -the amputation be below, or up to the body if the amputation be above -the knee. The bandaging will diminish and solidify the stump, leaving -it in a much more desirable condition for fitting and rendering the -successful use of a leg more a matter of certainty. If neglected, the -chances are that a soft, flabby stump will be the result, which will -rapidly reduce after the patient begins the use of a leg, but a refitting -or an uncomfortable amount of filling up in the socket to compensate for -the shrinkage of the stump will be necessary in order to walk with the -least degree of ease or satisfaction. The remaining joints, particularly -the knee joint, should be kept in motion as much as can be conveniently, -every day; this will prevent their becoming anchylosed (stiff and -inflexible). Should this warning come too late, and the joint is already -anchylosed, it should be gently and gradually exercised, and oily, -relaxing applications applied until straightened and flexible. A free -daily use of the cold water bath and brisk rubbing will prove beneficial. -An application of a solution of tannin and alcohol will toughen the skin, -and in many cases it would be an excellent thing to continue the use of -this solution after an artificial leg has been applied. - - -_How Soon After an Amputation_ - -There is a diversity of opinion as to how early a substitute may be -applied. Many surgeons strongly urge that an artificial leg cannot be -safely fitted for several months after cicatrization occurs, while, on -the other hand, some manufacturers of artificial limbs claim that a leg -can be satisfactorily fitted just as soon as the stump has healed, no -matter if it be but five or six weeks after the amputation. - -Much, of course, depends upon the condition of the patient, in -circumstance and constitution. It many times occurs that while the edges -of the flaps have united, and cicatrization appears, ossification at the -sawn end of the bones has not taken place, consequently the necessary -pressure and tension on the surrounding integuments and other adjacent -parts in wearing a leg will unavoidably cause inconvenience, irritation -and pain. It is therefore our opinion, based upon experience and -observation, that in most cases an artificial leg should not be fitted -within _three months_ after amputation, and that if the edges of the -wound have thoroughly united at the end of that time it is _unnecessary -to wait longer_, except to harden and reduce the stump by bandaging, if -this has not previously been done. There are many good reasons why a leg -should be applied as soon as practicable after this time (provided that -the stump has healed), the chief one being that there is nothing that -will discipline and strengthen a stump and remaining joints as quickly -and as effectually as the use of a properly fitted artificial leg. - -[Illustration] - - -_Material of Construction_ - -The materials used in the construction of artificial limbs are, -principally, tough English willow, leather, metal and rubber. The wood -parts, when worked to the desired shape, are covered with parchment or -rawhide and finished with a flesh-tinted waterproof enamel. - - -_Artificial Legs for Children_ - -When children have been deprived, by accident or disease, of one or -both lower limbs, artificial legs should be applied as soon as the -condition of the stump will safely permit. It is too generally presumed -that an outgrown limb is of no further use, and that the purchase of an -artificial leg before full growth is assured means a foolish expenditure. - -This is wrong, at least so far as our work is concerned; there are -artificial legs made that it would be very expensive to lengthen or -change, but any leg that is made by us, or under our name or supervision, -we will agree to lengthen at any future time, as necessity may arise, -at a cost not to exceed five dollars, and in many cases not to exceed -three or four dollars. When the amputation is above the knee, it is often -necessary that the leg be lengthened both above and below the knee-joint. -This involves more labor and consequently greater expense, but in no case -will the charge exceed five dollars. - -For a very young child we would make the artificial foot one or two sizes -larger than the natural one; in a year or so the natural foot will reach -the size of the artificial, and some months, perhaps years, will elapse -before the natural foot will be perceptibly larger than the artificial. -This method keeps the feet nearer the same size a longer time than would -be the case if the artificial foot were made the same size as the natural -foot in the first place. When it is necessary to increase the size of the -foot it can be easily and inexpensively done. - -When children are deprived of these useful appendages, solely from fear -or apprehension that they may be outgrown, a lasting injustice is done -them. There is great danger of deformity and disease from the prolonged -use of crutches, particularly at a tender and susceptible age; and the -most natural, easy, graceful walkers on artificial legs are those who -commence the use of them in youth; the habit becomes thoroughly formed, -and the continued use of them from childhood develops and strengthens the -muscles and joints in a more effectual manner than can be accomplished by -any other process or treatment. - - -_Weight of Artificial Limbs_ - -It is not possible to reduce the weight of artificial legs below a -certain point without sacrificing strength and good wearing qualities. -The leg we construct weighs from two to five and one-half pounds, but -in some special cases where extreme strength is required this may be -exceeded. Much depends, however, upon the weight and occupation of the -wearer. Many legs of other makes which weigh no more than ours require -more of an effort to carry and swing them, because the action of the -rubber spring in the back part of our leg assists materially in carrying -the leg forward while in the act of walking, thus relieving the stump -from the effort that would otherwise be required to swing it. We aim to -have sufficient weight around the joints to support them securely; at -other points, where strength is not required, they are left a mere shell. -The weight of an artificial arm is much less, varying from one-half to -one and one-half pounds. - - -_Durability of Artificial Limbs_ - -The occupation of the wearer has much to do with the durability of an -artificial leg, but more depends upon the care and attention it receives. -We know of limbs that have been in constant use for eighteen or twenty -years and are undoubtedly good for several more years of good service, -and others, equally well made in every way, that because of neglect and -abuse have lasted only three or four years. These are the extremes, -however. The average durability of an artificial leg we estimate to be -from seven to eight years. Artificial arms not being subject to the -strain and wear of a leg will last much longer, the average time, we -should say, being double that of a leg. It should be borne in mind, -however, that they are but a mechanical imitation of Nature and require -attention the same as any other piece of mechanism, and that it pays to -keep them at all times clean and in good working order, and that the -better the care the better and more lasting will be the service. - - NOTE.—While preparing this article Mr. John S. Havens, of - Plainwell, Michigan, called upon us wearing an artificial leg - made at this factory in the spring of 1864, and the leg is - still in excellent condition. - - -_How to Proceed in Ordering a Leg_ - -A very common error is prevalent in the minds of many that artificial -limbs are kept on hand in full assortments and varieties, and that it -is only necessary for a person to call and purchase one and wear it -away, the same as you would a pair of boots or shoes. Artificial legs -are only made to order, and it is preferable that the patient be present -at the factory for a day or two to have the leg fitted and give it a -thorough and satisfactory trial. Write to us, stating full particulars -of the case—when amputated, whether below or above the knee, length and -condition of the stump, etc. Also state the price you wish to pay for -a leg, and whether or not it will be practicable for you to come here -and have it fitted. If you can come here, name a day that will be most -convenient for you to do so, and we will be ready for you. If possible, -also specify time of day and by which route you will arrive in Rochester; -if you are unable to determine in season to advise us by mail, please do -so by telegraph, and we will have some one meet you at the station. A -shoe will be wanted here for the artificial foot. Your presence will be -required from one to two days, depending upon the difficulty in fitting -and the number of orders we have on hand; during this time you will have -an opportunity of putting the leg on, and giving it a thorough trial in -the rough. After you are satisfied with the test, you may return home and -the leg will be completed and forwarded to you in about ten days, or, if -you prefer to remain and wear it home, it will be finished in about a -week. Excellent hotel accommodations can be obtained for one dollar per -day or five dollars per week. - - -_Making Artificial Legs from Measurements_ - -For the benefit of persons who do not care to incur the expense and -inconvenience of a journey to the factory, we have perfected a chart -for measurements, and directions for taking profiles, plaster of paris -moulds, etc., that overcome all the difficulty and expense of a personal -visit. To make success doubly sure, when so desired we put the leg up -in the rough and forward it for trial; this gives the same opportunity -of trying it that would be had here. The leg can then be returned to us -with directions as to any changes that may be needed. To be sure, there -is some expense for transporting the leg, but it is small compared with -the cost of a journey here. A good share of our orders are being filled -in this manner, and with unvarying success. Indeed, there need be no fear -or hesitancy in sending orders to us for artificial legs to be made from -measurements, as we _guarantee a fit_. Should it prove otherwise, we will -make any required alterations without charge. - - -_Warranty_ - -The following is a copy of the warranty given with each leg. The time of -the warranty will depend entirely upon the price paid. See prices of the -various styles. - - ROCHESTER, N.Y., ______ 19__. - - In consideration of the sum of __ dollars, received from ______ - of ______ for an artificial leg, we hereby warrant the same, - as follows: In case any part of said leg should, on account of - poor material or bad workmanship, break or give way within __ - years from the date hereof, we agree to repair the same without - charge, provided that, as soon as any defect is discovered, the - leg, or any part thereof that needs to be repaired or replaced, - be forwarded to us without delay, and at the expense of the - owner. It is not the intention of this warranty to make good - without charge the unavoidable wear of the leg, or breakage - caused by accident, neglect or misuse. - - -_Prices_ - -Our prices are graded in such a manner as to make it possible for any -one to secure one of these reliable limbs, and are governed entirely by -the quality of the work and the time for which the limb is warranted, -and bear an exact proportion to the cost of production and the probable -cost of repairs during the term of the warranty. We have plans, which -we will be very glad to explain to any who desire to know about them, -whereby these limbs may be obtained without the expenditure of any money -whatever. Simply the giving of a little time and persistent work. Scores -have earned limbs in this way. - - -_Remittances_ - -Should be made by express, post office or express money order, registered -letter, or New York draft, whichever is most convenient for the sender. - - -_Terms_ - -It is our custom, as it is with all makers of special appliances of this -kind, to require in each case a cash deposit as a guarantee of good -faith. When the purchaser is present at the factory for the purpose of -having a limb fitted, the limb may be tried in the rough before making -any payment; if the fit and trial are satisfactory, one-half the price -will be required. When limbs are made from measurements, without the -presence of the patient at the factory, one-half the price of the limb -ordered should accompany the order. In both cases when the limb is -finished it will be delivered by express C.O.D. with the privilege of -examination and trial before making the final payment. - -A careful consideration of the following facts should convince any -fair-minded person that this plan is not only reasonable and just but -very necessary. - -[Illustration] - -Each limb is made expressly to order for some one individual, and the -limb when completed is of little or no value to any one except the person -for whom it is made. It requires some degree of patience and perseverance -to overcome the awkwardness and possible disappointment associated with -the first trial of an artificial limb, and if there be no obligation and -no sacrifice on the part of the would-be purchaser provided the limb -is not accepted, there is a possibility of its being declined, and the -maker, through no fault of his work, becomes the loser. On the other -hand, the advance payment made on the limb insures a very persistent -effort on the part of the purchaser to wear it, resulting in success and -satisfaction. - -The purchaser may rest assured that the work will not be slighted in any -degree whatsoever, and that it will be our duty and pleasure to make any -changes necessary to insure comfortable use of the limb any time within a -reasonable period after it is finished. - - -_Installment Payments_ - -We can consistently make a limb and accept installment payments therefor -only on the following conditions: On payment of one-half the price of the -limb with the order, the balance may be paid in amounts and at times—if -within reason—to suit the purchaser; say five dollars each month until -paid for, provided that these payments are secured by notes made or -endorsed by some reliable business man, or other equally good security. -We are perfectly willing to give time for a part payment as stated, -but must insist that we be amply secured against loss from any cause -whatever, and we cannot entertain any proposition wherein this is not -provided for. - - -_In Writing_ - -Describe your case as clearly and briefly as possible, stating whether -amputation is above or below the knee or elbow, when amputated, length -and condition of the stump, your age, weight and occupation, whether -you have ever worn an artificial limb, if so, how long and what make or -makes, and be particular to write your name and address plainly, giving -the post office, county and state. Any inquiries that are made on the -subject of artificial limbs will be promptly answered to the best of -our knowledge, and any information that we can give will be cheerfully -imparted. - - -_Artificial Limbs for U. S. Pensioners_ - -Every officer or enlisted or hired man who has lost a limb, or the -use of a limb, in the military or naval service of the United States, -is entitled to receive once every three years an artificial limb or -apparatus. Necessary transportation to the manufactory and return, by the -most usual and direct route, will be furnished to those desiring it for -the purpose of having artificial limbs fitted, but will not be furnished -except for this purpose. Sleeping-car accommodations will be given upon -request. - -In March, 1891, the law was amended so as to allow an artificial limb -every three years instead of every five as before. The reduction in time -took effect in various ways but was to be counted from March 1, 1891. The -act operates in three ways: - - _First._ Those who were entitled on or after March 3, 1888, are - entitled every three years from such last date. - - _Second._ Those who were entitled between March 3, 1886, and - March 3, 1888, were again entitled March 3, 1891, and every - three years from that date. - - _Third._ Those who were entitled before March 3, 1886, were - again entitled five years from such date, and again every three - years. - -On request of any soldier we will give him the exact date on which he is -entitled to an order for a leg or for commutation. - -Each officer and soldier has his choice either to receive a limb or its -equivalent in money. All who want limbs will gain by taking one from the -Government, because the Government will give transportation to and from -the manufactory, the cost of which in many cases is equal to the value of -the limb. Besides, the Government requires each manufacturer to warrant -his work and material used. The soldier who draws his money and buys a -limb for himself loses all these advantages. Many manufacturers of limbs -will advise soldiers to draw the money and then buy of them, so they will -not be obliged to warrant their limbs to the Government, or give a bond -for the same. - -We furnish legs and arms for all kinds of amputations, on Government -orders. The necessary blanks on which the applications should be made for -limbs and transportation will be furnished to any soldier on application. - -[Illustration] - - - - -[Illustration: _The_ WALKEASY ARTIFICIAL LEG] - - -_The Latest Progress in Artificial Limb Construction_ - -The WALKEASY leg is one of the more recent of the long list of our -artificial limb products. The name signifies more than is ordinarily -supposed by the public at large, and is only comprehended as it should -be by those who are so unfortunate as to require an artificial leg -possessing the requisites indicated by the name WALKEASY. To make the new -leg such as to truly maintain this name will be our aim and effort in all -cases. - -As the weight of the body is imposed upon the artificial leg, under a -high pressure, changing from naught to the entire weight of the body, and -at times to double that weight or more, the least particle of chafing or -friction would soon cause soreness and might continue to that extent that -the limb would be impossible of good, and, moreover, a source of much -injury to the wearer. The amputation of a leg, therefore, requires on the -part of the artificial leg a double degree of responsibility; the limb -must not only fit the remaining mutilated part of the leg comfortably, -but must reproduce the general motion to a greater or lesser degree of -perfection. These are delicate features of artificial limb production, -and in no way are they more perfectly reproduced than in the WALKEASY leg. - -The improvements represented by the WALKEASY leg are not simply -theoretical. We have been quietly experimenting with them for years, not -in the shop only, but they have been put into practical use by wearers, -of various professions and occupations—the correct way of testing an -appliance of this kind; otherwise we would not dare hazard our reputation -on their success. - -The most approved points of excellence in both the ordinary rubber and -wooden feet are combined in the WALKEASY foot. The rubber and wooden -feet, as commonly constructed, while possessing desirable features, are -objectionable and unsuitable in many cases—the rubber foot on account -of its rigid, motionless ankle, and the wooden foot on account of the -hard, unyielding, springless material of which it is constructed. In the -WALKEASY foot both of these features are entirely done away with and the -desirable ones preserved. - -The following are the eminently desirable features of the WALKEASY leg, -a combination of which is not to be found in any other artificial leg -manufactured: - - _First._ The removable sponge-rubber sole of the foot imparts - a soft, noiseless tread, does not cut the stockings, gives a - natural appearance in the shoe, relieves the wearer of much - strain and jar in walking, greatly assists the ankle springs - in their action, producing an increased lifelike motion, and - greatly reduces the chances of breakage of any part of the leg. - - _Second._ The yielding rubber at bottom of foot provides for - a little lateral or side motion, enough for all practical - purposes. - - _Third._ The ankle joint is strongly constructed. A - substance composed of fibre, in which plumbago (black lead) - is incorporated, is used as a bearing on the ankle bolt or - cylinder, making a lubricating and most satisfactory joint. - - _Fourth._ The sponge-rubber or felt sole, which can be easily - and quickly removed and cheaply renewed or repaired without the - necessity of procuring a new foot in case of wear or breakage. - - _Fifth._ No mechanical toe joint, the flexibility of the rubber - or felt giving the desired motion. - - _Sixth._ The cords or tendons come in contact with no surfaces - to cause friction or wear and are adjustable so as to give any - desired mobility to the ankle joint. - - _Seventh._ Knee joints, for amputation below the knee, with - four bearings, taper phosphor bronze bushings, and taper bolts, - giving the greatest degree of wearing surface and requiring the - least possible lubrication. - - _Eighth._ The purchaser has the choice of a wood socket, - leather lacing socket, or the NEVERCHAFE spring socket, which - ever is best adapted and most suitable for the peculiarities of - his case, and for amputation below the knee an extra attachment - is included for use in place of the knee joint and thigh lacer, - at such times as it may suit the wearer to try it. - -The best product in this line, if within the means of the purchaser, -should be the one chosen; but while the WALKEASY leg possesses so many -eminent features it is not more costly than the average product of other -manufacturers. Moreover, our guarantee is that if it fails in realizing -to the wearer what is promised to him, we are more than willing to secure -the point of perfection without extra charge, and make of it for the -wearer his ideal and not ours. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: 200 201 202 203] - - NUMBER 200 - - WALKEASY leg for amputation above the knee, with adjustable - leather lacing socket; any style of suspenders desired. Price - $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 201 - - WALKEASY leg for amputation above the knee, with wood socket; - any style of suspenders; also NEVERCHAFE socket, if desired, - without extra charge. Price $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 202 - - WALKEASY knee-bearing leg, leather socket; used for very short - stump below the knee, or for an inflexible knee-joint; wood - socket made if preferred. Price $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 203 - - WALKEASY end-bearing leg for knee-joint amputation, leather - socket; socket will be made of wood if preferred. Price $100. - Warranted five years. - -[Illustration: 204 205 206 207] - - NUMBER 204 - - WALKEASY leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, for - amputation below the knee; clasp thigh lacer; any other style - used. Price $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 205 - - WALKEASY leg with wooden socket, for amputation below the knee; - NEVERCHAFE socket used, if desired, without extra charge. Price - $100. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 206 - - WALKEASY leg with leather lacing socket, without knee-joint or - thigh support, for amputation below the knee; not suitable for - short stumps. Price $75. Warranted five years. - - NUMBER 207 - - WALKEASY leg with wooden socket, without knee-joint or thigh - support, for amputation below the knee; not suitable for short - stumps; NEVERCHAFE socket used, if desired, without additional - expense. Price $75. Warranted five years. - - -_Sectional View of the Improved Walkeasy Leg_ - -[Illustration: 260 261 262 263] - -No. 260. Some changes have been made in the ankle joint, but the notable -modifications are a foot with thick sponge-rubber removable sole, K-K, -in place of the rubber-covered core; for thigh amputations an adjustable -steel knee cord and spring piston, combined in one piece, E, and -knee-joint tightener, A. - -The removable sole gives us an opportunity of strengthening the upper -part of foot with a rawhide covering. Between the wooden part J and the -rubber K at the toe part, layers of canvas and sole leather are placed -to prevent breaking or turning up of the toe. This, however, is hardly -necessary in most cases, but we consider it an additional protection. -With rubber-covered cores the rubber first breaks away from the top of -the core at the toe part, resulting in turning up of the toe, leaving -little chance to repair it satisfactorily without making a new foot. This -cannot very well take place with the rubber sole, as there is no rubber -above the wood to break away. If, however, it becomes necessary for any -reason to renew the rubber, the sole can be removed by simply taking a -screw out at the bottom of foot, and a new sole or part of a sole put on -at a trifling expense without sending the leg to us, as we keep on file a -pattern of each individual foot made. The greater security by which the -cord ends and the ankle-joint rods are kept in place, and the convenient -method of getting at them, are additional strong points commending the -change. See No. 261. - -The combination knee cord and spring consists of a steel rod carefully -bushed at the joint and extending through a hickory bar in calf of the -leg, with a thick, soft leather washer on the rod under the bar, and a -nut at the end of rod that is reached with thumb and finger through -holes in back of leg for readily adjusting the length. For the knee -spring a suitably protected heavy elastic web is slipped over end of -the rod and adjusted from outside of leg with buckskin strings; as leg -is flexed in act of walking, the rod is forced through the hickory bar, -stretching the web and forcing the lower part of the leg forward in -position for next step; when lower part of leg is flexed at right angles -with the thigh, as in sitting, the pressure of spring is automatically -released. This change simplifies the knee-joint construction, is lighter -and more convenient of adjustment. - -Figs. 262 and 263 illustrate a new knee joint for amputation below the -knee. This is the latest and decidedly the most compact, lightest, and -at the same time the best wearing joint that we have ever adopted, not -excepting the ball-bearing joint, and is recommended in all cases. - -Joints of medium weight are usually applied. A heavier joint of same -pattern is used, however, when the wearer is unusually heavy or desires -an extra strong joint and does not mind the additional weight. Let us see -if we can describe the uniqueness of it, so that it will be understood. - -The head of the joint is very thin (three-eighths of an inch), permitting -the trousers to set smoothly; at the same time there is as much wearing -surface as in an ordinary joint of twice the thickness. C is a phosphor -bronze (the toughest of metal) taper bushing fitted into a taper hole. -B is a taper bolt fitting a taper hole in the bushing; when drawn into -place with screw A, the bushing is wedged into male joint head E tightly, -so that it is practically a part of this male head. In swinging the leg -the movement or wear is on the bolt B inside the cone bushing, giving as -much wearing surface as a joint with male head as thick as this bushing -is long. Perhaps it will be better understood by reference to separate -cuts of the bolt B and bushing C, and stating that the bolt turns or -moves inside the bushing only, and that there is no wearing surface -except between these two parts. - -Parts A, B and C are all made to a size and interchangeable. Any one of -them taken from stock will fit any joint head of this pattern without -special fitting, so that it may be conveniently replaced in case of wear. - - -_The Haberl Patent Foot With Tarsal Articulation_ - -[Illustration: 264 265] - -The novelty of this invention is in the point of articulation being near -the bottom of the foot instead of at the ankle. It does not give as much -motion as the ankle-jointed foot, but is much superior to the rigid ankle -without a joint. The construction is so simple that little explanation is -required. The dotted lines in No. 264 represent hickory plates, covered -with sponge rubber, and No. 265 shows the manner in which the parts are -put together. The heel part is slipped into the round hole in hollow of -foot, and the piece taking the place of the ball and toe part of foot -is passed through into the heel part, as shown by dotted lines in No. -264, and locked together with a steel pin, making a complete hinge. In -finishing, the sponge rubber parts are covered with buckskin or kid. The -entire arrangement is so simple there is very slight probability that any -repairs will be required that the wearer cannot make himself, and the -ease and little expense with which the parts can be renewed commend it -to all who require a strong, serviceable leg. It seems to be a favorite -among miners and others following rough, heavy work who have given it a -trial. - -Under contract with the patentee we have the exclusive right to -manufacture this foot in the United States and Canada. We have made a -good many of them, and have yet to hear the first complaint from any of -the wearers. Wood or leather lacing sockets may be used with this foot. -Price of leg with the Haberl foot, for any amputation above the ankle, -$75, with five-year warranty. - - NOTE.—This foot is patented in the United States, Great - Britain, Canada, Germany, France and Spain. - - -_Attachment for use in place of Thigh Lacer and Knee-joint_ - -In most cases of amputation below the knee, if stump is sound and of -good length, it is possible to comfortably use a leg without the steel -knee-joint and thigh support. Many express a desire to try a leg of this -description, but hesitate to have a leg so constructed, fearing the -result of continually taking the entire weight or bearing on the stump, -with no provision for relieving it. For such as would like to try, at -their convenience and pleasure, a leg without the thigh support, we make -attachment No. 211. The thigh lacer and upper joints can be removed by -taking the knee-joint bolts out and this attachment substituted. At such -times and in such work, when the thigh support would be more desirable, -it can be readily replaced. This attachment is included with the $100 -WALKEASY leg without extra charge; with any other style of leg, price $5. - -[Illustration: 211 212 213] - - -_Neverchafe Spring Socket_ - -This is a leather socket moulded over a cast of the stump, and suspended -to the inner side of a wooden socket or shell with adjustable rubber -webbing in such a manner as to avoid all friction or chafing of the stump -and to give a comfortable, helpful spring at each step of the wearer, -the sensation being much the same as though the weight were on an air -cushion, with no pressure on the end of the stump whatever. No. 212 for -amputation below the knee; No. 213 for amputation above the knee. - -This socket is particularly suitable for short stumps. The inner socket, -being made of stiff leather, practically lengthens the stump, giving -increased leverage, a condition greatly to be desired in such cases. It -is also a very great relief to tender and sensitive stumps; the slipping -and rubbing occasioned more or less in walking on an artificial leg, -takes place with this attachment between the inner spring socket and the -outer wood socket; the pressure of the springs keeping the inner socket -snugly against the stump in all positions, precludes the possibility of -any friction on the stump. - -For stumps that become swollen in hot weather, or that require extra -covering in cool weather, or for such as have never used an artificial -leg, with the consequent probability of the stump rapidly reducing, this -inner socket may be made adjustable by lacing. - -While this is undoubtedly the most suitable and comfortable socket for -very short and sensitive stumps, some prefer the highly polished wooden -socket, and others the adjustable leather lacing socket. All purchasers -of the WALKEASY leg have their choice of socket; the selection should -be influenced by the length and condition of the stump, the weight and -occupation of the wearer, and other considerations. In all cases we -guarantee a comfortable socket and one that will not chafe. - - -_New Adjustable Leather Lacing Socket_ - -This new socket is for amputation below the knee. The adjustment is made -at the back of the socket instead of at the front, as in the lacing -sockets heretofore made. The improvement is so marked that the wonder -is we did not make the change earlier. Much of the weight on the stump -is taken just where the socket was previously made to open, and it was -necessary to reinforce the lacing with a strap. When laced in the back -of socket the front is stronger, more comfortable, and dresses more -smoothly; furthermore, there is more shrinkage of a stump in the calf -than in front; and in being able to make the adjustment in the back part -of the socket, it is kept nearer the shape that will conform to the shape -of the stump than when laced in front. This socket is illustrated in the -various engravings representing legs for below the knee amputation. See -frontispiece, No. 204, No. 227 and No. 228. - -[Illustration] - - - - -PART II - - -In this part we give descriptions and illustrations of ordinary styles -of legs, such as we have made here—with various modifications and -improvements, as suggested by time, wear and experience—for forty-five -years. Excepting the WALKEASY leg, described in Part I, there are no -better nor more reliable artificial limbs made anywhere by anyone, _and -the prices are much below_ those charged by other manufacturers. - -The various styles are: - - Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and wooden socket. - - Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint and leather lacing - socket. - - Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army and navy or two-ball) - and wooden socket. - - Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army and navy or two-ball) - and adjustable leather lacing socket. - - Foot with sponge-rubber or felt removable sole and rigid ankle - and wooden socket. - - Foot with rigid ankle and adjustable leather lacing socket. - -The cords and springs used in the legs with articulated ankle joints are -the same as are used in the WALKEASY leg. The springs are rubber used by -compression, imparting easy, uniform motion, their power and action being -regulated by simply turning a nut, so that the wearer may adjust them to -suit his own peculiar gait. - -In walking, when the weight of the body rests on the ball of the -foot, the spring in the back part of the leg (heel spring) is firmly -compressed, and when the weight of the body is thrown forward on to the -other foot the spring rises and carries the foot forward to its place -with very little effort of the wearer, assisting greatly in carrying the -weight of the leg. - -The prices for legs described in this part, for amputation at any point -above the ankle, are, including suspenders, stump socks, etc., complete: - - $50, warranted for one year. - - $60, warranted for three years. - - $70, warranted for five years. - -A copy of the warranty is given on page 18. - -Just as good a leg in every way is made for $50 as is made for $70, the -difference in price being determined wholly by the time the warranty is -made to cover. - -If undetermined as to which leg would be best adapted to any particular -case, and it is left to our judgment to select, upon receipt of -measurements and full particulars we will construct the one we honestly -and conscientiously believe will give the most lasting and comfortable -service. We are equally interested with the purchaser in doing this, -as the continued good name of our establishment, as well as our future -prosperity, depend wholly upon the durability of our work and the comfort -with which it is worn. - - -_Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint_ - -This joint is formed by a polished glass ball plying in a socket of -vulcanite, the foot and ankle being joined together with four tendons, -passing through rubber springs in the ankle; this joint admits of every -motion the natural ankle has. In walking on the side of a hill or -inclined plane, or where the foot is used to brace the body, the ankle -flexes laterally and the foot remains flat on the ground, thus giving a -firm base of support. The motion closely imitates the movement of the -natural ankle, and this joint is desirable for light work and short, -tender stumps. Notwithstanding it is more complicated than any of our -other styles, requiring more care and attention, there are hundreds -of people using it with such comfort and satisfaction that under no -circumstances whatever could they be induced to use any other. No. 216, -on page 40. - - -_Double Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint_ - -This joint is a unique invention, and the idea of its construction -was suggested by the single ball-and-socket joint. It consists of two -polished glass balls plying in sockets of fibre. There is no substance -that could be used for this purpose that presents a harder, smoother -surface than glass, and when in the shape of solid polished spheres, -plying in perfectly fitted sockets, they are practically indestructible; -there is no such thing as wearing them out. A linked steel rod and a back -and front tendon securely connect the foot and ankle. The tendons, also -the rubber springs, are the same as used in all of our legs, and are -applied in the same manner. This is a somewhat lighter joint than the -army and navy joint and is recommended for persons of light or medium -weight. No. 217, on page 40. - - -_Army and Navy Ankle Joint_ - -The axis of this joint consists of a hollow steel bolt securely fastened -in the foot with two vertical rods with nuts at the lower ends. The bolt -is stationary in the foot, the ankle working on the upper surface of the -bolt, leaving no possible chance for an accumulation of any grit or dirt, -thus making a self-cleaning joint. The steel rod, together with the front -and back cords, connects the foot and the ankle. Provision is made for -tightening the ankle rod with a nut on the upper end, so as to regulate -the friction on the bolt and to compensate for any wear that may take -place at the joint. This is recommended as being the strongest and most -serviceable of the wooden feet. No. 218. - - -_A New Foot with Rigid Ankle_ - -This is not properly a rubber foot, but a modification of the so-called -rubber foot suggested by improvements on our WALKEASY foot. In the -construction of the old-style rubber foot a wooden core is covered with -rubber and properly cured or vulcanized by heat. It is impossible to -strengthen or reinforce this wooden core with a covering of rawhide as is -done on the other parts of an artificial leg, because the heat necessary -in vulcanizing the rubber burns and ruins the rawhide. This is obviated -by the method of construction of this new foot. - -The upper part of the foot is firmly attached to the ankle part by a pin, -and the entire wood part is covered with rawhide. Thus the upper part -of the foot forms practically one piece with the ankle, and strength is -gained without adding weight. The sponge-rubber removable sole is fitted -into a recess channeled in the foot and is securely held in place by one -screw. No rubber is used at the top of the foot, but more is used on the -sole where it is most needed. - -If a foot needs be made extremely light a fine quality of felt is used in -place of the rubber. The felt does not give as much spring and elasticity -to the tread of the foot as the sponge rubber, and nothing is gained by -using it except reduction in weight. - -[Illustration: 216 217 218 267] - -To prevent wear at the part corresponding with the toe joint of the -natural foot, layers of canvas are cemented on the upper surface of the -rubber sole where it comes in contact with the extreme forward part of -the wooden portion. Should the rubber sole give way or wear out, the worn -part, or indeed the entire sole, may be renewed at small expense without -the necessity of replacing the entire foot as in the old style of rubber -foot. - -Altogether this is a lighter, stronger and more serviceable foot, more -easily and inexpensively kept in order. A sectional view of this foot is -shown in No. 267. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration: 220 221 222 223] - - NUMBER 220 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden foot, ankle - joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable leather lacing - socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, - three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 221 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden foot, ankle - joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket. Price, complete, - $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 222 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, with rigid - ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather lacing socket. Price, - complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, - five years. - - NUMBER 223 - - Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, with - rigid ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - -[Illustration: 224 225 226 227] - - NUMBER 224 - - Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when the knee - joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump is too short for - the successful use of a socket leg; new foot with rigid ankle - No. 267, and leather socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted - for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - The sockets on Nos. 224 and 225 may be transposed, using the - leather socket on No. 225 or the wooden socket on No. 224. - - NUMBER 225 - - Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when the knee - joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump is too short for - the successful use of a socket leg; wooden foot, ankle joint - No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - Leg for knee-joint amputation is made similar to the - knee-bearing legs and prices are the same. The upper part of - leg for this kind of amputation is made same as shown by No. - 203 on page 26. - - NUMBER 226 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, ankle joint - No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 227 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, ankle joint No. - 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable leather lacing socket. Price, - complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, - five years. - -[Illustration: 228 229 230 231] - - NUMBER 228 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, with rigid - ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather lacing socket. Price, - complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, - five years. - - NUMBER 229 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, with rigid - ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, - warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 230 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee joints or thigh - support. This style of leg is hardly suitable for stumps less - than six inches in length. With a sound stump of sufficient - length it may be worn with much satisfaction, as it is about - one-third lighter than one with the knee joints and thigh band, - and the wearer experiences much less restraint in its use, both - in walking and sitting. It is, however, not recommended if the - stump is sore or sensitive, as the entire pressure or bearing - must be taken on the stump, with no provision for relieving it - as with the leg with thigh band. No. 230 shows the leg with - new foot, with rigid ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather - lacing socket. A wooden socket with the same foot will be used - if desired. Price, complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, - three years; $65, five years. If this leg is purchased, and it - subsequently proves unsatisfactory, knee joints and thigh bands - will be put on for $10. - - NUMBER 231 - - Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee joints or thigh - support, wooden foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and - wooden socket, or adjustable leather lacing socket if desired. - Price, complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, three years; - $65, five years. Any time after leg is finished joints and - thigh band will be put on for $10. - - -_Amputations at or below the Ankle Joint_ - -Amputations at or below the ankle joint are usually performed with the -expectation that much of the weight of the body can be borne on the end -of the stump or plantar surface of the remaining part of the foot, and in -most cases this can be done. Owing to the little space below the end of -the stump, it is desirable, with few exceptions, to construct feet for -these amputations without articulated ankle joints. - -[Illustration: 232 233 234 235 236 237 270] - - NUMBER 232 - - Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) operation, with new foot with rigid - ankle No. 267, without knee joints or thigh support. Price, - complete, $40, warranted for one year; $50, three years; $60, - five years. - - NUMBER 233 - - Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) amputation, with new foot with - rigid ankle No. 267, with knee joints and thigh support, used - when little or no pressure or weight can be taken on the end of - the stump. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, - three years; $70, five years. - - NUMBER 234 - - Stump after amputation through or near the instep. - - NUMBER 235 - - Appliance for partial amputation of foot. The foot is made of - wood, covered with rawhide, and has an articulated toe joint; - leather sheath coming up above the ankle, laced in front. - Price, $25. - - NUMBER 236 - - Appliance for amputation through the instep similar to No. 235, - with sheath extending well up on the leg, and laced in the - back. Price, $30. - - NUMBER 237 - - Appliance for partial amputation of foot. Wooden foot, toe - joint, leather sheath extending to the knee, with side joints. - This is used when little or no weight can be taken on the end - of stump, the weight being supported by the leather sheath on - the leg below the knee. Price, $40. - - NUMBER 270 - - An entirely new style of foot for amputation at the ankle - joint. The leather sheath encases the stump from the knee - to the end. The articulated joint is made by putting the - bolt or cylinder entirely through the foot, giving a good - wearing surface similar to the artificial knee joint used for - amputations above the knee. If there is little room below end - of stump the foot would be made of hard wood. - - -_Peg Legs_ - -These low-priced legs are carefully fitted, and, excepting No. 242, -are covered with rawhide and enameled the same as the legs with feet. -They have heavy iron ferrules screwed to the bottom, in which a rubber -cushion is used. If desired at some future time, a foot and ankle may be -attached. Measurements, mould, profiles, etc., same as for leg with foot, -excepting that no foot measurements are required, and length of sound leg -should be taken with shoe on. - -The prices include suspenders and stump stock. - -[Illustration: 238 239 240 241 242] - - NUMBER 238 - - Peg leg without knee joint, for amputation above the knee; - wooden socket; adjustable leather lacing socket used if - preferred. Price, including suspenders, $18. - - NUMBER 239 - - Peg leg with knee joint, for amputation above the knee; shown - with wooden socket; adjustable leather lacing socket used if - preferred; automatic lock, making knee stiff in standing; - pressing the button in the back part of joint releases the knee - lock so that joint may be flexed in sitting. Price, including - suspenders, $25. - - NUMBER 240 - - Peg leg with wooden socket, for amputation below the knee. - Price, including suspenders, if desired, $25. - - NUMBER 241 - - Peg leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, for amputation - below the knee. Price, including suspenders, if desired, $25. - - NUMBER 242 - - Skeleton peg leg for amputation below the knee, to be used with - knee resting on pad. The measurements required: distance from - knee to floor, diameter through the knee from side to side - outside clothing. State whether for right or left leg. Price $8. - - -_Suspenders_ - -All artificial legs for thigh amputations require support from shoulders -or waist. For amputations at or below the knee, except ankle joint and -partial foot amputations, it is desirable to have suspenders attached -for beginners. Many, however, discard them after a time. All legs that -we make requiring suspenders are equipped with them, any form desired, -without extra charge. We are not confined to the styles illustrated; they -will be modified to suit the purchaser or any peculiarities of the case. - -[Illustration: 252 253 254 255 256 257] - - NUMBER 252 - - Suspender for leg amputation with forked straps to be attached - to artificial leg below the knee; heavy elastic web between the - buckle and fork; this is a popular style. Price, $1.50. - - NUMBER 253 - - A waist belt for women to which elastic straps are attached - in back and front, or the forked strap in front only. This is - for amputation below the knee. It is, however, often used in - connection with suspenders, which pass over the shoulders, on - legs for thigh amputation. Price, complete for leg amputation, - $2. - - NUMBER 254 - - For women. Corset with roller suspenders attached to waist - belt, used when amputation is above the knee. This is a much - more convenient and comfortable support for women than any kind - of suspender straps. The belt or straps can be made to attach - to any corset. Price, including corset, $5. - - NUMBER 255 - - Roller suspenders for leg for thigh amputation. Crossed or - looped behind and looped in front if desired. Price, $4. - - NUMBER 256 - - The roller or pulley used on the roller suspenders. The action - of the straps under these rollers prevents drawing over the - shoulders, in stooping, sitting or lying down, the suspenders - remaining stationary on the shoulders. Price, 25 cents each. - - NUMBER 257 - - Suspenders, partial elastic, of the ordinary pattern, for thigh - amputation; riveted so as to swivel on a leather strap laced - around the upper part of the socket. Price, $3. - -The back part of the sockets of all legs for thigh amputations is padded. -This prevents the wear and cutting of the clothing when sitting on a hard -seat of any kind. Without the padding, destruction of the clothing can -hardly be avoided. - -[Illustration: 258 259] - - -_Fitting Tool_ - - NUMBER 258. There are changes in stumps from time to time - requiring slight smoothing or easing out in the socket. A - wooden socket can most conveniently and effectually be cut out - with one of these fitting tools, such as are used by artificial - limb makers. Price, $1.50. - - -_Stump Socks_ - - NUMBER 259. Socks made from soft woolen yarn are the most - convenient and comfortable covering that can be worn on a - stump, with or without an artificial leg. With a properly - fitted socket, either wood or leather, it is as much padding - as is required. To compensate for shrinkage of the stump, - two or three extra socks may be added from time to time as - required. It is desirable, however, if the stump has become so - much reduced that more covering than this is needed, to have - the socket lined with leather or felt, and if it should still - further reduce, a new socket or top is the best remedy. - - -PRICE LIST - -Delivered by mail or express on receipt of price. - - =================+================+=======+======= - Length of |Circumference at| Price | Price - Sock | largest part of| Each | per - | Stump | | Dozen - -----------------+----------------+-------+------- - 10 inches or less|Under 15 inches | $0.35 | $3.50 - 10 to 16 inches |Under 15 inches | .45 | 4.50 - 10 to 16 inches |Over 15 inches | .55 | 5.50 - 16 to 22 inches |Under 15 inches | .55 | 5.50 - 16 to 22 inches |Over 15 inches | .65 | 6.50 - 22 to 28 inches |Under 15 inches | .65 | 6.50 - 22 to 28 inches |Over 15 inches | .75 | 7.50 - 28 to 34 inches |Under 15 inches | .75 | 7.50 - 28 to 34 inches |Over 15 inches | .85 | 8.50 - -----------------+----------------+-------+------- - -One-fourth or one-half dozen at dozen rates. - -Length of sock should be two or three inches longer than the remaining -part of the mutilated leg. - -State whether amputation is above, below, or at the knee; give length and -circumference at top and two inches from the end of stump. - - -_Artificial Legs for Deformities_ - -We make limbs for all manner of deformities, each one specially designed -and constructed to conform to the individual peculiarities. With a -fair degree of strength in the deficient limb, comfortable support -and probability of easy locomotion are assured the wearers of these -appliances. Rubber or wooden foot can be used. Prices vary from $50 to -$100, according to the difficulties to be overcome in proper construction -and comfortable fitting. After receiving full description, exact price -will be given. A plaster mould or cast of the deformed limb should be -forwarded, together with measurements of sound limb, same as in case of -an amputation. - -[Illustration: 243 244] - - NUMBER 243 - - This cut represents one of the more difficult of the many legs - we are called upon to make for malformations. This particular - limb was made from measurements and cast of deformed leg (No. - 244) without the presence of the applicant at the factory. - After one or two trials in the rough it was finished and is - being used with the utmost satisfaction. - - -_Price List of Supplies_ - - Elastic Web, 5 inches wide, per yard $1.00 - - Elastic Web, heavy, 2 inches wide, per yard .60 - - Elastic Web, heavy, 1½ inches wide, per yard .50 - - Elastic Web, heavy, 1 inch wide, per yard .40 - - Elastic Web, heavy, ¾ inch wide, per yard .30 - - Non-elastic Web, cotton, 2 inches wide, per yard .20 - - Non-elastic Web, cotton, 1½ inches wide, per yard .15 - - Non-elastic Web, worsted, tubular, 2 inches wide, per yard .30 - - Buckle, brass, 2 inches wide, each .05 - - Buckle Roller, single prong, ⅞, ¾ or ⅝ inch wide, each .05 - - Buckle Snaps .05 - - Felt, best fine wool, per ounce .25 - - Knee Spring, made from 5-inch web, complete, each 1.00 - - Knee Spring Rod, C, cut No. 260, each 1.25 - - Knee Bolt, for amputation above knee, complete, each 1.50 - - Knee Bolt End Screw, each .25 - - Knee Cord, with adjustable attachment, each 1.00 - - Knee Cord, without adjustable attachment, each .50 - - Knee Joint Bolts and Screws, each .25 - - Bushings for same, each .05 - - Lacing Strings, rawhide or buckskin, each .10 - - Lacing Hooks, each 3 cents, per dozen .25 - - Lacing Eyelets, ¼ or ⁵⁄₁₆ inch, per dozen .10 - - Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - heel, each 1.00 - - Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - front or side, each .75 - - Ankle-Cord Loops, without top or spring, each .50 - - Ankle-Cord Springs, heel or front, each .20 - - Ankle-Cord Wrench, each .25 - - Ankle Bolt, steel, each 1.25 - - Ball Socket for ball-and-socket ankle, each .50 - - Rotary Stopper for ball-and-socket ankle, each .50 - - Toe Cord or Rod with Bracket, each .25 - - Toe-Spring Rubber, each .15 - - Toe Fasteners, each .10 - - Rubber Cushion for bottom of peg leg, 2 inches diameter, each .50 - -Sent post-paid on receipt of price. - -In ordering cords, if with the screw tops, give length from inside -of loop at one end to the other extreme end; if without the screw -attachment, give length from inside of loop at one extreme end to inside -of loop at the other extreme end. - - -_Price List for Repairs_ - - Neverchafe Socket, for amputation above or below the knee. - Inner leather, $5.00; outer wooden shell, $15.00; both $20.00 - - Wooden Socket, for amputation above or below the knee 15.00 - - Leather Lacing Socket, for amputation above or below the knee 15.00 - - New Knee, complete, for thigh amputation leg 15.00 - - New Knee, upper part only 8.00 - - New Knee, lower part only 7.00 - - New Walkeasy Ankle 15.00 - - New Walkeasy Foot, sponge-rubber sole 15.00 - - New Walkeasy Foot and Ankle 25.00 - - New Wooden Foot 10.00 - - New Rubber Foot with rigid ankle 10.00 - - New Foot and Ankle; wooden foot with ankle joint, or rubber - foot with rigid ankle 15.00 - - New Knee Joints 7.00 - - New Thigh Lacer, for amputation below the knee 3.00 - - Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for thigh amputation 7.00 - - Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for leg amputation 5.00 - -For other repairs, difficult of enumeration, a charge of 50 cents per -hour will be made. - - - - -PART III - -ARTIFICIAL ARMS - - -The construction of artificial arms may be said to have commenced with -the sixteenth century. “The distinguished Chevalier Göetz fought at -the head of the army of Margrave Frederick from 1504 to 1562 with an -artificial iron hand. The fingers of this hand were closed one after the -other by the action of several springs. We are further informed that -this hand, which possessed enormous weight, enclosed the stump, and was -attached to the armor which covered the body.” - -During the sixteenth century many very defective artificial arms were -made, which, however, served the purpose for which they were intended, as -they enabled the wearers to engage in battle, guide their horses, etc. -The artificial hand being once attached to the weapon or bridle rein, -mechanism for articulating the fingers was not deemed necessary. - -Ambrose Parè, a noted French physician, born in 1500, and called the -father of French surgery, describes an artificial hand made of iron, with -more perfect mechanism than the one worn by Göetz; in this hand the thumb -is immovable and all the fingers are opened and closed simultaneously -under the influence of a single spring. - -During Ambrose Parè’s time efforts were made to restore natural movements -of the lost parts in order to enable the maimed to perform all ordinary -labor. Leather, paper, and other metals were substituted for iron. -Parè leaves a figure of a leather hand, but without details as to its -mechanism; it is apparently made with immovable fingers and thumb, but -with a sheath inserted between the thumb and index finger for receiving -a pen, etc. He further describes an artificial forearm, which can, by -the aid of the sound hand, be brought into any degree of flexion and -maintained there by the use of a pawl caught into meshes of a cog wheel. -The artificial arms described by Ambrose Parè, although extremely heavy, -seem to have been in favor until the latter part of the eighteenth -century; at this time a monk of the order of Carmelites designed a hand -made of sheet tin, with movable fingers and thumb, to be articulated by -movement of the stump, but we are informed that it was too complicated to -be used with any degree of success except in cases of amputation near the -wrist joint. We have a description of an arm made subsequently of leather -and covered with sheepskin, colored in such a manner as to represent the -appearance of the human skin, and to make it appear more natural the -nails were made of white horn. The improvements in the hand were mostly -in the appearance, without any important addition to its utility or -usefulness. - -In 1818 a Dr. Graefe suggested the construction of an arm susceptible -of manipulation by means of cords attached to a corset surrounding the -shoulders, the arm to be moved without the aid of the sound hand. This -principle of attachment for the movement of the forearm and fingers is -followed to the present time with various modifications. - -The early history of artificial arms seems to refer mainly to their -special construction and application for people of renown who had -suffered the loss of their natural extremities. Until a comparatively -recent period the impracticability, on account of complicated heavy -mechanism, and the great expense of these appliances, precluded anything -like a general demand for their use. As the inventive geniuses of modern -times have devised and produced so many labor and time-saving instruments -and machines, that are, however useful, nevertheless the cause of much -horrible mutilation of humanity, so also have they in some measure made -compensation to the maimed by the progress and improvement attained in -the utility of the appliances for the substitution of lost members. -Simplicity of mechanism, the application of extremely light material in -such a manner as to preserve the necessary strength, are the prominent -features of progress in artificial arm construction, and in combination -with the prevailing moderate prices, bring them into popular favor with -those who have use for them. - -However light, strong and mechanically perfect an arm and hand may -be made, its success or failure—provided the stump is sound and -of sufficient length—depends much upon the continued patience and -perseverance of the wearer in getting accustomed to its use. The -preservation of the form and the general improvement in the appearance -produced by a properly constructed and comfortably fitted arm, to say -nothing of its usefulness and convenience, should be an incentive to -persistent effort on the part of the wearer to habituate himself to it, -and if this is practiced for a few weeks there need be no fear of the -ultimate result. - - -_Sockets for the Stumps_ - -For amputation below the elbow the neatest and best fitting socket is -made from specially prepared stiff leather moulded over a cast of the -stump, supported with a framework of steel and lined with buckskin or -kid. The advantages over a wooden socket are that it is less clumsy, -adheres more closely to the stump, that there is no danger of splitting, -and withal is equally as durable. We make them, however, of wood if -desired. For amputation above the elbow the artificial elbow is made of -wood, and it is sometimes desirable to extend the wood upward in one -piece to form the socket. - - -_Aluminum_ - -Much has been anticipated and hoped for in artificial limb work from this -new and extremely light metal, but it has proved objectionable for any -parts in both arms and legs that come in near contact with the stumps, -owing to the rapid oxidization that takes place from perspiration, and -its practical use is confined to fingers, toes, and such other minor -fixtures as are not likely to come in contact with any part of the body. - - -_Artificial Hands_ - -Whatever their mechanical perfection, artificial hands can, in fact, -possess but one useful quality, that of seizing objects like pincers. -In nearly every act performed by the natural fingers are combined -flexion, extension, prehension, and many other different movements; this -combination no mechanic has ever been able—and probably none ever will be -able—to successfully reproduce in an artificial hand. It is, therefore, -practically useless that the fingers should be movable, since a less -complicated, lighter and stronger hand can be made with fingers rigid, -in a half-closed, natural position, articulating the thumb only, which -results in a more powerful spring and consequently a greater degree of -firm grasping power. The fingers being strengthened with steel plates -running through them, reinforced with a covering of rawhide, and securely -fastened to the hand, heavy objects may be lifted without danger of the -fingers straightening out and the object dropping to the ground. - -While we furnish the hand with movable fingers, and the rubber hand -with ductile rubber fingers, the wooden hand with rigid fingers and -movable thumb is recommended as giving the most practical, durable, and -satisfactory service. - - -_The Color_ - -Artificial hands are covered with a delicately tinted enamel, as nearly a -flesh color as it is possible to make; but in order that they may be less -conspicuous and the illusion more complete a glove should be worn at all -times. We furnish a pair of gloves with each hand. - - -_Tools and Implements_ - -Tools and implements in almost limitless variety can be used in an arm -in place of the hand. Those most frequently used are the plain hook, -double hook, ring, knife, fork, brush, and spoon. People who have never -worn arms hardly know what will be of service to them. Special tools -are required for special work, and these can be subsequently provided -when it has been determined what will be most useful. With all arms with -detachable hands, or rubber hands with the palm socket, we furnish a -plain hook, knife, fork, and brush, without extra charge, or the price -of any of these implements that are not wanted will be deducted from the -price of the arm. - - -_Finger Construction_ - -Usually the fingers for artificial hands are made of a single piece -of wood, and it is obvious if the finger is curved or flexed that at -some point the grain of the wood will be directly across the finger and -will quickly break if subjected to any considerable strain. To obviate -this difficulty we make the fingers for the wooden hands of two pieces -of wood; on one side the grain or fibre runs lengthwise, and on the -other crosswise, and between these two pieces of wood is placed a steel -plate, and all are firmly riveted together, the steel plate projecting -sufficiently to be securely riveted to the hand. The fingers are next -entirely covered with rawhide, which, together with the other precautions -taken against breakage, make them sufficiently strong to support the -weight of the wearer. See No. 300, page 64. - - -_Partial Amputation of Hand_ - -No. 301 (page 64) represents a stump after partial amputation of the -hand, leaving free use of thumb, but it is with difficulty that this -can be brought in contact with the remaining stump so as to be of -service. No. 302 represents, for stumps of this description, a wooden -sheath, terminating in immovable fingers partially closed, the hand -being attached to the wrist and forearm by means of a leather lacing -attachment. The sheath is covered with rawhide and enameled, and the -fingers made as shown in No. 300. Price $40. - -Should there be amputation at the base of two or three fingers only, -with no impairment in the movements of the remaining one or two, so that -they can be brought in firm contact with the thumb, what is left of such -a mutilated hand is far more useful than anything that can possibly be -made to supplement it, but to conceal the loss and give the hand a more -perfect appearance, fingers can be made and applied as represented by No. -302, over which a glove should be worn. - -Nos. 303 and 304 (page 64) show an apparatus useful in all kinds of labor -for persons who have undergone a partial amputation of the hand. It -consists of a leather sheath, laced to the forearm. Attached to the under -surface of this sheath is a steel plate, which extends downward under the -stump, turning up slightly at the end. At the end is an aperture through -which it is possible to slip the handles of tools and implements, passing -them beneath the stump, where they are securely held in place by pressure -of the stump. Price $20. - -[Illustration: 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 -314 316 317] - -No. 305 represents a stump after an amputation of all the fingers and -thumb, and No. 306 an artificial wooden hand for same, with stationary -fingers and articulated thumb with a powerful spring to be opened with -the assistance of the sound hand. Price $40. - - -_Rubber Hand_ - -With the assistance of the other hand, or by pressing against some -resisting body, the ductile rubber fingers of the hand No. 307 may be -changed in position to suit the needs of the wearer as shown by the -dotted lines in the illustration. For those who prefer the rubber to the -wooden hand it will be furnished with any of the arms we make. It can -be attached permanently to the forearm, detachable at the wrist, with -provision for using a hook of other implement in place of the hand, or -furnished with a palm socket and lock for the use of hook, knife, fork, -etc., without removing the hand. See No. 308. - - -_Connections_ - -No. 309 represents a new method for connecting the hand and arm. -Heretofore the devices in use could not be absolutely relied upon to keep -the hand or tools in place. It mattered not how strongly the fingers were -made for lifting heavy weights, the customary spring or set-screw used -for locking this connection was liable to loosen or give way without -warning and cause much annoyance, if not injury. On the hand plate two -studs are riveted, the heads of which pass into keyholes in the arm -plate. With a slight turn of the hand the heads pass into the slots of -the keyholes, bringing the heads of the studs under the arm plate; they -are kept immovable with a spring that automatically slips into a slot in -the edge of the plate; the spring is released by a pressure of the thumb -of the sound hand in twisting the artificial hand off. The hook and other -tools have a lug at the end of the spindle or shank; after passing the -shank through the hole in the center of the arm plate, it is turned to -any desired position and held firmly in place with the wing nut, as shown -in No. 310. - -[Illustration: 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325] - - -_Some of the Implements_ - -Some of the implements that may be attached in the wrist plate when the -hand is removed are also shown in the illustration. All excepting the -brush are made of steel, or other suitable metal. - - No. 310—Single Hook Price $1.00 - No. 311—Brush ” 1.00 - No. 312—Spoon ” 1.00 - No. 313—Table Knife ” 1.00 - No. 314—Table Fork ” 1.00 - No. 316—Double Hook ” 3.00 - No. 317—Ring ” 2.00 - -Special knife, fork, brush, and hook will be made for use in the palm of -rubber hand, No. 308, without additional charge. Other tools, such as -pincers, claw hook, clevis, etc., will be made to order when desired. - - -_Wrist Joint Amputations_ - -These usually leave a stump somewhat larger at the end than immediately -above (see No. 318, page 64), thus providing a means of securely applying -the arm and keeping it in place without the necessity of attachment above -the elbow, as shown in No. 319. - -Attachments above the elbow may, however, be put on if thought best, and -for amputation at or a short distance above the wrist it is preferable -to make the connection at the elbow with leather straps, as shown in No. -320, rather than with steel joints. - -The socket of any arm for amputation between wrist and elbow will be made -to lace if desired. - - -PRICES, NOS. 319 AND 320 (See page 66) - - With wood or rubber hand, permanently attached to forearm, - no provision for tools, and without attachment above - the elbow $30.00 - - The same with attachment above the elbow 35.00 - - Rubber hand, not detachable at wrist, but with palm socket, - including knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment - above the elbow 35.00 - - The same with attachment above the elbow 40.00 - - With wood or rubber hand, detachable at the wrist, including - knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment above - the elbow 40.00 - - The same with attachment above the elbow 45.00 - -No. 321 represents arm for amputation below the elbow, leather socket -and leather lacer above the elbow, both reinforced with steel frame, -connected at elbow with steel joint straps. - -No. 322 is a detachable wooden hand, with rigid fingers and movable -thumb. A traction rod for opening the thumb with motion of shoulder is -shown in the illustration; a web strap is buttoned to the upper end of -the traction rod and passes over opposite shoulder, as shown in No. 326, -page 70. Any motion of the shoulder that will draw on this rod will open -the thumb, and when the tension is released a strong spring in the thumb -brings it back in contact with the first finger. For single amputations -there is little or no advantage in having this attachment put on; it -necessarily requires more complicated and expensive mechanism, without -any practical gain to the wearer. For double amputations something -of this kind must be depended upon for assistance, and to obtain the -greatest benefit from artificial arms, means similar to this for -operating the movement of the thumb are absolutely required. One or more -movable fingers in conjunction with the thumb may be operated in the same -manner. - - -PRICES, NO. 321 - -Including Plain Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush - - Arm without hand, used as a peg arm; a hand may be - subsequently applied $25.00 - - Arm with wooden or rubber hand, detachable at wrist 50.00 - - Arm with wooden hand and traction rod for opening thumb from - shoulder 60.00 - - -_Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint_ - -No. 323 represents arm with ball-and-socket wrist joint for amputation -below the elbow, but not suitable for an amputation near the wrist for -the reason that the space in that locality is required for the mechanism -of the joint. In the various uses to which an artificial hand may be put, -a change in the position of the hand is often desirable; for example, -in keeping a book or paper in position while being written upon with -the sound hand, the artificial hand can be turned so that the tips of -the fingers will rest upon and hold the article securely in place. In -bringing the arm in front of the body the ball-and-socket joint admits -of the hand being brought near to the body in a very easy, lifelike -manner. In other positions desired the hand may be placed at the degree -of flexion most convenient and helpful and that giving the most natural -appearance. No. 332, on page 72, gives an illustration of the details -of the joint. The forearm and attachment above the elbow are leather, -supported with steel framework same as No. 321. Wooden hand with movable -thumb is furnished with or without traction rod for opening thumb with -shoulder movement, but no provision is made for the use of a hook or -other implement in place of the hand. A rubber hand with palm socket for -implements can be attached if preferred, but is somewhat heavier. For -persons not employed in laborious occupations and who have no occasion -to use a hook or similar implement, this style of arm is desirable; for -others we would recommend No. 321. - - -PRICES, NO. 323 - - Without traction rod for opening the thumb $50.00 - - With traction rod attachment for opening thumb by shoulder - movement 60.00 - - -_For Deformed Arm_ - -No. 324, page 66, represents irregularly formed forearm and hand, the -forearm being considerably shorter than the opposite one. No. 325 -represents artificial arm and hand made to supply the deficiency. The -hand may be wood or rubber and detachable or not at the wrist, and -provision made for the use of implements the same as in case of an -amputation. These malformations are treated mechanically the same as -amputations. Plaster moulds or casts of the deformed parts are required, -together with measurements of the opposite arm and hand. - - -PRICES, NO. 325 - - With wood or rubber hand $50.00 - - With wooden hand, thumb opened by movement of shoulder 60.00 - - -_Manner of Attaching Arm and Straps_ - -No. 326 illustrates arm for amputation below the elbow, equipped with -shoulder cap, strap passing around body for holding it in place, and the -attachment for opening the thumb by movement of the opposite shoulder. If -thumb is to be opened with the assistance of the sound hand, this extra -strap and traction rod are omitted. - -[Illustration: 326] - - -_Arm for Amputation above the Elbow_ - -No. 327 on the next page represents a wooden arm for amputation above -the elbow, fitted with cord for raising forearm and locking it at right -angles. This is operated as shown in No. 330, while the mechanism is the -same as shown in detailed drawing No. 332. Wooden or rubber hand No. 328 -is furnished permanently attached or detachable, but this arm may be used -as a peg, without hand, hook No. 310 or other implement being used in -place of the hand. It can also be made as a peg without a joint at elbow, -straight or curved to any desired angle. - - -PRICES, NO. 327 - -Including Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush - - Without elbow joint or hand $30.00 - - Without hand, but with elbow joint without gearing for - raising forearm 35.00 - - Without hand, but with elbow joint with gearing for raising - forearm 40.00 - - With wooden or rubber hand permanently attached, without the - implements and without gearing for raising forearm 50.00 - - With gearing for raising forearm 60.00 - - With detachable wooden or rubber hand, including implements, - without gearing for raising forearm 60.00 - - With gearing for raising forearm 65.00 - - -_Manner of Attaching_ - -No. 330 represents the corset that is used with arms for upper -amputation. The arm is laced or buckled to the corset, and draught cord -in the back is for raising the forearm by a shrug of the shoulders. - - -_Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint for Amputation above the Elbow_ - -No. 331 represents wooden arm for amputation above the elbow, with -ball-and-socket wrist joint. An explanation of the ball-and-socket -wrist for amputation below the elbow is given on page 69 under No. 323. -The joint is universal and admits of placing the hand in any position, -as shown by dotted lines. This is kept in place by spring friction on -the ball. The wrist cannot be made quite the natural shape—that we are -able to produce without the ball-and-socket joint; but this must be, -necessarily, round. This part, however, is usually covered with the cuff -or sleeve and is not conspicuous. - -[Illustration: 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335] - -No. 332 is a sectional view of the arm and hand. A forward impulse of -the shoulder and stump causes traction of the cord, moving the geared -segment wheels so as to raise the forearm to any degree of flexion, when -it is retained in position by means of a latch passing through a spring -post and locking automatically. The wearer is enabled to conveniently -carry a coat, shawl, basket, etc., on the artificial arm. A pressure on -the button underneath the arm releases the lock, and the forearm is again -under control of the stump and shoulders. The spring in the hand is for -keeping the thumb in position and is the same as we put in all hands with -movable thumb. - - -PRICE, NO. 331 - - With wood or rubber hand $70.00 - - -_Combination Table Knife and Fork_ - -No. 333, page 72, represents one of these useful implements, designed and -made expressly for those who have been deprived of the use of one hand, -and no such person can afford to be without one for a day. The blade is -thin steel, ground to a sharp edge and terminating in a fork. A rolling -motion will cut the food, and a twist of the hand will bring the fork -into position for use. No. 334 represents a leather sheath into which the -knife can be inserted. - - -PRICES, NOS. 333 AND 334 - - Redwood handle $0.60 - Ebony handle .75 - Bone handle 1.00 - Ivory handle 3.00 - Pearl handle 4.00 - Sheath, extra .25 - - -_Pocket Knife for One-armed Persons_ - -No. 335, page 72, represents a simple, serviceable knife that can be -operated quickly and conveniently with one hand. A pull of the thumb -opens the blade slot, the blade drops down and out and is securely -locked; invert the knife, with the blade up, and a pull of the thumb -allows it to drop back into the handle. - - -PRICES, NO. 335 - - Five and one-half inches long when opened $0.50 - Nine inches long when opened 1.00 - - - - -SUNDRIES - - -TRUSSES made to order with guaranteed success; hard rubber, celluloid, -leather, wire and elastic. All desirable styles are carried in stock. -Mechanical treatment of difficult cases of hernia a specialty. Truss -supplies and repairs. Send for truss catalogue. - -ELASTIC STOCKINGS for varicose veins and weak or swollen joints. Send for -prices and directions for measurements. - -ABDOMINAL SUPPORTERS AND OBESITY BELTS. Large variety in elastic and -non-elastic. Special supporters, our own pattern, for use after abdominal -operations. - -DEFORMITY APPLIANCES for paralyzed and weak limbs made to order. - -RAWHIDE JACKETS for curvature of the spine. These are light, rigid and -porous and a great improvement over the plaster or leather jackets. - -TRICYCLES FOR CRIPPLES. Hand and foot power, with ball bearings and -rubber-cushion or pneumatic tires. We are special agents for these -machines, as we are for invalid chairs. Send for tricycle catalogue. - -SURGICAL BANDAGES, SUSPENSORIES, UTERINE SUPPORTERS, ETC. - - -_Crutches and Crutch Supplies_ - -We sell only the best quality of these goods and such as can be -absolutely relied upon. Sent on receipt of price, or C.O.D. if order is -accompanied with a deposit of one dollar to cover express charges if for -any reason the crutches are returned to us. Special crutches will be made -to order for such as desire something different from the regular line, -but advance payment is required. Our crutch catalogue gives more complete -descriptions than the brief ones given here and will be forwarded to any -who apply for it. - -[Illustration: 1 2 4 5 6 17 21 29 32 35 44] - - No. 1—Spring top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per pair: - Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra heavy, $10; rock maple, $7; - extra heavy, $8. - - No. 2—Cow-horn top. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand rests. - Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain ferrule bottom, $2.50; extra - heavy, $3. Quality C, with No. 35 bottom, No. 32 cushion, - $3.75; extra heavy, $4.50. - - No. 4—Plain Split. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand rests, no - ferrule at bottom. Price, per pair, $1.50. - - No. 5—Padded top. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand rests. - Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain ferrule at bottom, $2.50; - extra heavy, $3. Quality B, No. 35 socket, No. 32 cushion, - $3.75; extra heavy, $4.50. - - No. 6—Hard top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per pair: - Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra heavy, $10; rock maple, - rosewood tops and hand rests, $7; extra heavy, $8. - - No. 21—Socket and jaw bottom. Medium size, $2 per pair; large - size, $2.50 per pair. No. 44 jaws with flange bottom used - without extra charge. - - No. 35—Sockets. Two sizes, $1 per pair. - - No. 29—Pure gum white rubber cushions. Medium size, 50 cents - per pair; large size, 75 cents per pair. - - No. 17—Rubber tips to slip on over end of crutches or cane. - Various sizes. Prices, three-eighths to one inch, 20 cents per - pair. - -In corresponding, if the following questions are answered it will give -us a very good idea of your condition and will better enable us to judge -what will be suitable for you in the way of an artificial limb. Give -the number as it appears before the question and then the answer to the -question. - - 1. Your name - - 2. Post office - - 3. County - - 4. State - - 5. Age - - 6. Weight - - 7. Height - - 8. Occupation - - 9. Leg or arm amputated - - 10. When amputated - - 11. Right or left - - 12. Above or below elbow or knee - - 13. If above, give length from body - - 14. If below, give length from knee pan or elbow joint - - 15. What is condition of stump - - 16. Can you take any pressure on end of stump - - 17. Cause of amputation - - 18. Ever use an artificial limb - - 19. If so, what style and make, and how long - - 20. Was it satisfactory - - 21. If not, why - - 22. Have you one of our new catalogues - - 23. Would it be an inducement for you to give us an order if we - sent a man to take your measurements - - 24. If we did so, would you stand a part of the expense - - 25. Do you wish to work for a free artificial limb premium? If - so, we will send you particulars - -Is there any special information you would like on the subject of -artificial limbs? If so, let us know what it is, and we will do the best -we can to enlighten you. - -Date - -Chasmar-Winchell New York and Pittsburg - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. 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