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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1d0fef --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65397 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65397) diff --git a/old/65397-0.txt b/old/65397-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 55b62ad..0000000 --- a/old/65397-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,619 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anthony Wayne, 1745-1796, by Randolph C. -Downes - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Anthony Wayne, 1745-1796 - -Author: Randolph C. Downes - -Release Date: May 21, 2021 [eBook #65397] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANTHONY WAYNE, 1745-1796 *** - - [Illustration: _Anthony Wayne_] - - - - - ANTHONY WAYNE - 1745-1796 - - - Prepared by the Staff of the - Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County - 1954 - - [Illustration: Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen - County] - -One of a historical series, this pamphlet is published under the -direction of the governing Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne -and Allen County. - - BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL CITY OF FORT WAYNE - - _Mrs. Sadie Fulk Roehrs_ - _B.F. Geyer, President_ - _Joseph E. Kramer, Secretary_ - _W. Page Yarnelle, Treasurer_ - _Willard Shambaugh_ - - PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD FOR ALLEN COUNTY - -The members of this Board include the members of the Board of Trustees -of the School City of Fort Wayne (with the same officers) together with -the following citizens chosen from Allen County outside the corporate -City of Fort Wayne: - - _James E. Graham_ - _Arthur Niemeier_ - _Mrs. Glenn Henderson_ - _Mrs. Charles Reynolds_ - - - - - FOREWORD - - -After Harmar and St. Clair had been disastrously defeated by the Indians -in the Old Northwest Territory, President Washington appointed General -Anthony Wayne to reorganize the American forces, to subdue the savages, -and to protect the scattered white settlements along the frontier. -Wayne’s campaign culminated in his decisive victory at the Battle of -Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. General Wayne then marched his men -westward to the headwaters of the Maumee at the junction of the St. -Mary’s and St. Joseph rivers. Here, on ground commanding the adjacent -area, a fort was constructed and named Fort Wayne in his honor. If -Wayne’s campaign had failed, settlement in this section might have been -indefinitely delayed, and our city might be known by another name. - -The following biographical sketch of Anthony Wayne was written by -Randolph C. Downes. It was published in 1936 by Charles Scribner’s Sons -in the DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, volume nineteen. Both the -American Council of Learned Societies, the copyright holder, and the -publisher have graciously accorded permission to reproduce the article -in its entirety. The portraiture, the best brief biography of Wayne, has -been reprinted verbatim; citations and bibliography have been omitted. - -The Boards and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen -County present this publication in the hope that the life of the founder -of Fort Wayne will prove entertaining and informative to library -patrons. - - -Anthony Wayne (Jan. 1, 1745-Dec. 15, 1796), soldier, was born at -Waynesboro, Pa., the only son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Iddings) Wayne. -Isaac Wayne with his father Anthony Wayne, of English ancestry, -emigrated from Ireland and about 1724 settled in Chester County, Pa., -where he acquired some 500 acres of land and a thriving tannery. At the -age of sixteen the boy attended a private academy kept by his uncle, -Gilbert Wayne, in Philadelphia, where he is said to have been more -proficient in feats of mock warfare, suggested no doubt by the Indian -wars in progress, than in his classroom subjects. He learned enough -mathematics to qualify as a surveyor, with some further application -after he left school two years later. In 1765 he was sent by a -Philadelphia land company to supervise the surveying and settlement of -100,000 acres of land in Nova Scotia. On Mar. 25, 1766, after the -venture had failed, he returned to Pennsylvania and married Mary -Penrose, the daughter of Bartholomew Penrose, a Philadelphia merchant. -They had two children. He went to live on his father’s estate and took -charge of the tannery. In 1774 his father died, and Anthony succeeded to -the ownership of a profitable establishment that provided him a very -comfortable competence. He was of medium height, had a handsome, -well-proportioned face with a slightly aquiline nose and high forehead. -His hair was dark, his eyes dark brown and penetrating, giving to his -face a very animated appearance. - -During the early Revolutionary movement he was chairman of the committee -appointed in the county on July 13, 1774, to frame the resolutions of -protest against the coercive acts of the British government. He was -later made chairman of the county committee appointed to supervise the -carrying out of the association drawn up by the first Continental -Congress. He represented his county in the provincial assembly that met -during 1775. On Jan. 3, 1776, he was appointed by Congress to be colonel -of a Chester County regiment engaged in continental service, and as a -soldier he served through the war. His youth and lack of formal training -in the arts of war prevented him from being on friendly terms with many -of his colleagues, and he had personal difficulties with St. Clair, -Charles Lee, and James Wilkinson. Contemporaries agreed that he was -impetuous, yet Alexander Graydon, who called his manner “fervid,” -admitted that he could “fight as well as brag.” Washington admitted his -bravery and his self-possession in battle but feared his impetuousness, -when, seventeen years later, he chose him to lead the army against the -northwestern Indians. In the spring of 1776 he was sent with the -Pennsylvania brigade commanded by Gen. William Thompson to reinforce the -faltering Canadian expedition. When the Pennsylvanians met the -retreating remnants of Montgomery’s army at the mouth of the Sorel -River, they were sent down the St. Lawrence to attack what was thought -to be the advance guard of the British army at Three Rivers. It turned -out to be the main army numbering 3,000, and Wayne, whose regiment was -in the front of the attack, found himself sustaining a hot exchange with -the enemy in order to cover the retreat of his outnumbered countrymen to -Fort Ticonderoga. He was placed in command of the garrison of over two -thousand men there and had his first taste of wretched provisioning, of -sickness, starvation, and mutiny. - -On Feb. 21, 1777, he was appointed to the rank of brigadier-general and -was called, on Apr. 12, to join Washington at Morristown, N. J., and to -take command of the Pennsylvania line. After a season of training and -drill his division took an active part in resisting the British in their -campaign against Philadelphia. In the battle of Brandywine on Sept. 11, -1777, he occupied the center of the defense opposing the British at -their main point of crossing. He was obliged to retreat when the -American right was flanked by Cornwallis, who crossed the creek higher -up. When Washington then withdrew to the north of the Schuylkill, he -sent Wayne to circle around the rear of the British and to surprise and -destroy their baggage train. Wayne, however, was himself surprised and, -in the battle of Paoli, Sept. 20, received a drubbing. Being accused of -negligence in this action, he demanded a court martial and was -acquitted. Rejoining Washington, he played a conspicuous part in the -battle of Germantown, on Oct. 4, leading a spirited and almost -victorious attack, but was forced back, when difficulties in the rear -turned the victory into confusion and defeat. He wintered with -Washington at Valley Forge and led the advance attack against the -British at the battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1788. - - [Illustration: leading an attack in the battle of Germantown] - -In a reorganization of the army late in 1778, he was transferred to the -command of a separate corps of Continental light infantry. This corps, -under his leadership, on July 16, 1779, captured by surprise the -garrison at Stony Point, the northernmost British post on the Hudson. -Over five hundred prisoners, fifteen cannon, and some valuable stores -were taken. For his conduct in this affair Congress ordered a medal to -be struck and presented to him. Early in 1780 he led some desultory -movements against the British on the lower Hudson, aimed to embarrass -their collecting of supplies and cattle and to alleviate the attacks -being made on Connecticut. When Arnold attempted to deliver West Point -to the British on Sept. 25, 1780, Wayne’s prompt movement to that post -prevented a British occupation. After the Pennsylvania line mutinied in -December 1780, Wayne was instrumental in presenting the soldiers’ -demands for pay and release to Congress and in getting Congress to -redress their grievances. In the Yorktown campaign he was ordered south -to serve under Lafayette, who was opposing Cornwallis on the lower James -River. When Cornwallis withdrew from Williamsburg, Wayne was ordered to -attack part of the British army that was mistakenly supposed to be -separated from the rest. With some 800 men he attacked the British army -of perhaps 5,000 at Green Spring, Va., on July 6, 1781, and, upon -discovering the mistake, he led a charge into the British lines that -deceived Cornwallis long enough to permit Wayne to extricate himself -with only minor losses. - -After the British surrender at Yorktown, Wayne, serving under Gen. -Nathanael Greene, was sent to oppose the British, Loyalist, and Indian -hostiles in Georgia. He had the tact to divide the Indian opposition by -spreading news of the American victory so that, when the Creek -irreconcilables attacked his small force in May 1782, he was able to -rout them. He negotiated treaties of submission with the Creek and -Cherokee in the winter of 1782 and 1783. In 1783 he retired from active -service as brevet major-general. - - [Illustration: Wayne’s horse was shot by Indians in Georgia....] - -From 1783 to 1792 he was engaged in civil pursuits in which he was less -fortunate than in military affairs. The state of Georgia conferred upon -him an eight-hundred-acre rice plantation, and he borrowed the necessary -capital to work it from Dutch creditors, who subsequently foreclosed on -the lands. In politics he was a conservative; he had a militarist’s -contempt for the radicals who took advantage of the revolt against Great -Britain to fashion liberal constitutions like that of Pennsylvania, -which he considered “not worth Defending.” During the war military -affairs were his major consideration; but he said, “let us once be in a -Condition to Vanquish these British Rebels and I answer for it that then -your present Rulers will give way for better men which will produce -better Measures.” Accordingly, as a member of the Pennsylvania council -of censors in 1783, he favored the calling of a new constitutional -convention. He was a representative of Chester County to the -Pennsylvania General Assembly in 1784 and 1785. In 1787 he supported the -new federal Constitution in the Pennsylvania ratifying convention. He -was elected to Congress as a representative from Georgia and served from -Mar. 4, 1791, to Mar. 21, 1792, when his seat was declared vacant -because of irregularities in the election and in his residence -qualification. - - [Illustration: _Battle of Fallen Timbers_ - _FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING BY CHAPPEL._] - -After the failure of Harmar and St. Clair to subdue the Indian tribes of -the Wabash and Maumee rivers in 1791, Wayne was named by Washington as -major-general in command of the rehabilitated American army. He was -strongly opposed to the peace maneuvers of 1792 and 1793 but improved -his time constructing a reliable military organization at his training -camp at Legionville, Pa., and, later, near Fort Washington and Fort -Jefferson in the Northwest Territory. On Aug. 20, 1794, he defeated the -Indians at Fallen Timbers on the Maumee River near what is now Toledo, -Ohio. This victory was the result of several factors. Wayne had far more -resources at his command than had Harmar or St. Clair. He did not hazard -an autumn campaign after he received news of the final failure of peace -negotiations in August 1793. He was fortunate in that the Indians threw -away their opportunity to isolate him, when they made a futile attack on -Fort Recovery on June 29 and lost many discouraged tribesmen, who went -home. He made every effort to avoid offending the British, thus robbing -the Indians of the aid they fully expected in the moment of conflict. -Finally, when the Indians had assembled at Fallen Timbers to fight, he -delayed battle for three days. Therefore, when he attacked, a large part -of the Indians were at a distance breaking their three-day fast, and the -rest were in a half-starved condition. The complete submission and -surrender at Greenville in August 1795 was made possible by Jay’s -treaty, the British desertion of the Indians, and Wayne’s skill in -convincing the tribesmen of the hopelessness of their cause without -British support. He died at Presque Isle, now Erie, Pa., on his return -from the occupation of the post of Detroit. - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANTHONY WAYNE, 1745-1796 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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} -p.book { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -p.review { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; } -p.pcap { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; font-family:cursive; font-size:110%; } -p.pcapc { margin-left:2em; text-indent:0em; text-align:justify; font-family:cursive; } -dl.pcap { font-family:cursive; font-size:80%; } -span.attr { font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; } -</style> -</head> -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anthony Wayne, 1745-1796, by Randolph C. Downes</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Anthony Wayne, 1745-1796</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Randolph C. Downes</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: May 21, 2021 [eBook #65397]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANTHONY WAYNE, 1745-1796 ***</div> -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Anthony Wayne, 1745-1796" width="600" height="894" /> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig1"> -<img src="images/p01.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="758" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Anthony Wayne</i></p> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<h1><span class="cur">ANTHONY WAYNE -<br /><span class="smallest">1745-1796</span></span></h1> -<p class="tbcenter">Prepared by the Staff of the -<br />Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County -<br />1954</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_i">i</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" id="ncfig1" alt="Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County" width="600" height="875" /> -</div> -<p class="smaller cur">One of a historical series, this pamphlet is published -under the direction of the governing Boards of the Public -Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County.</p> -<p class="center"><span class="ssn">BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL CITY OF FORT WAYNE</span></p> -<dl class="undent smallest"><dt><i>Mrs. Sadie Fulk Roehrs</i></dt> -<dt><i>B.F. Geyer, President</i></dt> -<dt><i>Joseph E. Kramer, Secretary</i></dt> -<dt><i>W. Page Yarnelle, Treasurer</i></dt> -<dt><i>Willard Shambaugh</i></dt></dl> -<p class="center"><span class="ssn">PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD FOR ALLEN COUNTY</span></p> -<p class="smaller cur">The members of this Board include the members of the Board of Trustees of the -School City of Fort Wayne (with the same officers) together with the following -citizens chosen from Allen County outside the corporate City of Fort Wayne:</p> -<dl class="undent smallest"><dt><i>James E. Graham</i></dt> -<dt><i>Arthur Niemeier</i></dt> -<dt><i>Mrs. Glenn Henderson</i></dt> -<dt><i>Mrs. Charles Reynolds</i></dt></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_ii">ii</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">FOREWORD</span></h2> -<p>After Harmar and St. Clair had been disastrously defeated -by the Indians in the Old Northwest Territory, President -Washington appointed General Anthony Wayne to reorganize -the American forces, to subdue the savages, and -to protect the scattered white settlements along the frontier. -Wayne’s campaign culminated in his decisive victory at the -Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. General -Wayne then marched his men westward to the headwaters -of the Maumee at the junction of the St. Mary’s and St. Joseph -rivers. Here, on ground commanding the adjacent -area, a fort was constructed and named Fort Wayne in his -honor. If Wayne’s campaign had failed, settlement in this -section might have been indefinitely delayed, and our city -might be known by another name.</p> -<p>The following biographical sketch of Anthony Wayne -was written by Randolph C. Downes. It was published in -1936 by Charles Scribner’s Sons in the DICTIONARY OF -AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, volume nineteen. Both the American -Council of Learned Societies, the copyright holder, and -the publisher have graciously accorded permission to reproduce -the article in its entirety. The portraiture, the -best brief biography of Wayne, has been reprinted verbatim; -citations and bibliography have been omitted.</p> -<p>The Boards and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort -Wayne and Allen County present this publication in the hope -that the life of the founder of Fort Wayne will prove entertaining -and informative to library patrons.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_1">1</div> -<p class="tb">Anthony Wayne (Jan. 1, 1745-Dec. 15, 1796), soldier, -was born at Waynesboro, Pa., the only son of Isaac and -Elizabeth (Iddings) Wayne. Isaac Wayne with his father -Anthony Wayne, of English ancestry, emigrated from Ireland -and about 1724 settled in Chester County, Pa., where -he acquired some 500 acres of land and a thriving tannery. -At the age of sixteen the boy attended a private academy -kept by his uncle, Gilbert Wayne, in Philadelphia, where -he is said to have been more proficient in feats of mock -warfare, suggested no doubt by the Indian wars in progress, -than in his classroom subjects. He learned enough mathematics -to qualify as a surveyor, with some further application -after he left school two years later. In 1765 he was -sent by a Philadelphia land company to supervise the surveying -and settlement of 100,000 acres of land in Nova Scotia. -On Mar. 25, 1766, after the venture had failed, he returned -to Pennsylvania and married Mary Penrose, the daughter -of Bartholomew Penrose, a Philadelphia merchant. They -had two children. He went to live on his father’s estate and -took charge of the tannery. In 1774 his father died, and -Anthony succeeded to the ownership of a profitable establishment -that provided him a very comfortable competence. -He was of medium height, had a handsome, well-proportioned -face with a slightly aquiline nose and high forehead. -His hair was dark, his eyes dark brown and penetrating, -giving to his face a very animated appearance.</p> -<p>During the early Revolutionary movement he was -chairman of the committee appointed in the county on July -13, 1774, to frame the resolutions of protest against the -coercive acts of the British government. He was later made -chairman of the county committee appointed to supervise -the carrying out of the association drawn up by the first -Continental Congress. He represented his county in the -provincial assembly that met during 1775. On Jan. 3, 1776, -he was appointed by Congress to be colonel of a Chester -County regiment engaged in continental service, and as a -soldier he served through the war. His youth and lack of -formal training in the arts of war prevented him from being -on friendly terms with many of his colleagues, and he had -<span class="pb" id="Page_2">2</span> -personal difficulties with St. Clair, Charles Lee, and James -Wilkinson. Contemporaries agreed that he was impetuous, -yet Alexander Graydon, who called his manner “fervid,” -admitted that he could “fight as well as brag.” Washington -admitted his bravery and his self-possession in battle but -feared his impetuousness, when, seventeen years later, he -chose him to lead the army against the northwestern Indians. -In the spring of 1776 he was sent with the Pennsylvania brigade -commanded by Gen. William Thompson to reinforce -the faltering Canadian expedition. When the Pennsylvanians -met the retreating remnants of Montgomery’s army at the -mouth of the Sorel River, they were sent down the St. Lawrence -to attack what was thought to be the advance guard of -the British army at Three Rivers. It turned out to be the -main army numbering 3,000, and Wayne, whose regiment -was in the front of the attack, found himself sustaining a hot -exchange with the enemy in order to cover the retreat of -his outnumbered countrymen to Fort Ticonderoga. He was -placed in command of the garrison of over two thousand men -there and had his first taste of wretched provisioning, of -sickness, starvation, and mutiny.</p> -<p>On Feb. 21, 1777, he was appointed to the rank of -brigadier-general and was called, on Apr. 12, to join Washington -at Morristown, N. J., and to take command of the -Pennsylvania line. After a season of training and drill his -division took an active part in resisting the British in their -campaign against Philadelphia. In the battle of Brandywine -on Sept. 11, 1777, he occupied the center of the defense opposing -the British at their main point of crossing. He was -obliged to retreat when the American right was flanked by -Cornwallis, who crossed the creek higher up. When Washington -then withdrew to the north of the Schuylkill, he sent -Wayne to circle around the rear of the British and to surprise -and destroy their baggage train. Wayne, however, -was himself surprised and, in the battle of Paoli, Sept. 20, -received a drubbing. Being accused of negligence in this -action, he demanded a court martial and was acquitted. Rejoining -Washington, he played a conspicuous part in the battle -of Germantown, on Oct. 4, leading a spirited and almost -victorious attack, but was forced back, when difficulties in -the rear turned the victory into confusion and defeat. He -wintered with Washington at Valley Forge and led the advance -attack against the British at the battle of Monmouth -on June 28, 1788.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div> -<div class="img" id="fig2"> -<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="918" /> -<p class="pcap">leading an attack in the battle of Germantown</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_4">4</div> -<p>In a reorganization of the army late in 1778, he was -transferred to the command of a separate corps of Continental -light infantry. This corps, under his leadership, on -July 16, 1779, captured by surprise the garrison at Stony -Point, the northernmost British post on the Hudson. Over -five hundred prisoners, fifteen cannon, and some valuable -stores were taken. For his conduct in this affair Congress -ordered a medal to be struck and presented to him. Early -in 1780 he led some desultory movements against the British -on the lower Hudson, aimed to embarrass their collecting -of supplies and cattle and to alleviate the attacks being -made on Connecticut. When Arnold attempted to deliver -West Point to the British on Sept. 25, 1780, Wayne’s prompt -movement to that post prevented a British occupation. After -the Pennsylvania line mutinied in December 1780, Wayne -was instrumental in presenting the soldiers’ demands for -pay and release to Congress and in getting Congress to redress -their grievances. In the Yorktown campaign he was -ordered south to serve under Lafayette, who was opposing -Cornwallis on the lower James River. When Cornwallis -withdrew from Williamsburg, Wayne was ordered to attack -part of the British army that was mistakenly supposed to be -separated from the rest. With some 800 men he attacked -the British army of perhaps 5,000 at Green Spring, Va., -on July 6, 1781, and, upon discovering the mistake, he led -a charge into the British lines that deceived Cornwallis long -enough to permit Wayne to extricate himself with only minor -losses.</p> -<p>After the British surrender at Yorktown, Wayne, serving -under Gen. Nathanael Greene, was sent to oppose the -British, Loyalist, and Indian hostiles in Georgia. He had -the tact to divide the Indian opposition by spreading news of -the American victory so that, when the Creek irreconcilables -attacked his small force in May 1782, he was able to rout -them. He negotiated treaties of submission with the Creek -and Cherokee in the winter of 1782 and 1783. In 1783 he retired -from active service as brevet major-general.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div> -<div class="img" id="fig3"> -<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="917" /> -<p class="pcap">Wayne’s horse was shot by Indians in Georgia....</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div> -<p>From 1783 to 1792 he was engaged in civil pursuits -in which he was less fortunate than in military affairs. The -state of Georgia conferred upon him an eight-hundred-acre -rice plantation, and he borrowed the necessary capital to -work it from Dutch creditors, who subsequently foreclosed -on the lands. In politics he was a conservative; he had a -militarist’s contempt for the radicals who took advantage -of the revolt against Great Britain to fashion liberal constitutions -like that of Pennsylvania, which he considered -“not worth Defending.” During the war military affairs -were his major consideration; but he said, “let us once be -in a Condition to Vanquish these British Rebels and I answer -for it that then your present Rulers will give way for better -men which will produce better Measures.” Accordingly, as -a member of the Pennsylvania council of censors in 1783, -he favored the calling of a new constitutional convention. -He was a representative of Chester County to the Pennsylvania -General Assembly in 1784 and 1785. In 1787 he supported -the new federal Constitution in the Pennsylvania ratifying -convention. He was elected to Congress as a representative -from Georgia and served from Mar. 4, 1791, to -Mar. 21, 1792, when his seat was declared vacant because -of irregularities in the election and in his residence qualification.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div> -<div class="img" id="fig4"> -<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="1000" height="701" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Battle of Fallen Timbers</i> -<br /><span class="smallest"><i>FROM THE ORIGINAL PAINTING BY CHAPPEL.</i></span></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div> -<p>After the failure of Harmar and St. Clair to subdue -the Indian tribes of the Wabash and Maumee rivers in 1791, -Wayne was named by Washington as major-general in command -of the rehabilitated American army. He was strongly -opposed to the peace maneuvers of 1792 and 1793 but improved -his time constructing a reliable military organization -at his training camp at Legionville, Pa., and, later, -near Fort Washington and Fort Jefferson in the Northwest -Territory. On Aug. 20, 1794, he defeated the Indians at -Fallen Timbers on the Maumee River near what is now Toledo, -Ohio. This victory was the result of several factors. -Wayne had far more resources at his command than had -Harmar or St. Clair. He did not hazard an autumn campaign -after he received news of the final failure of peace negotiations -in August 1793. He was fortunate in that the Indians -threw away their opportunity to isolate him, when they made -a futile attack on Fort Recovery on June 29 and lost many -discouraged tribesmen, who went home. He made every -effort to avoid offending the British, thus robbing the Indians -of the aid they fully expected in the moment of conflict. Finally, -when the Indians had assembled at Fallen Timbers to -fight, he delayed battle for three days. Therefore, when -he attacked, a large part of the Indians were at a distance -breaking their three-day fast, and the rest were in a half-starved -condition. The complete submission and surrender -at Greenville in August 1795 was made possible by Jay’s -treaty, the British desertion of the Indians, and Wayne’s -skill in convincing the tribesmen of the hopelessness of their -cause without British support. He died at Presque Isle, now -Erie, Pa., on his return from the occupation of the post of -Detroit.</p> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANTHONY WAYNE, 1745-1796 ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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