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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #65196 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65196)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Floral Illustrations of the Seasons, by M.
-Roscoe
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Floral Illustrations of the Seasons
-       Consisting of the Most Beautiful, Hardy and Rare Herbaceous
-       Plants, Cultivated in the Flower Garden
-
-Author: M. Roscoe
-
-Illustrator: M. Roscoe
-
-Engraver: R. Havell
-
-Release Date: April 30, 2021 [eBook #65196]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-Produced by: Turgut Dincer, Alan and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-             Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
-             images generously made available by The Internet Archive)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE
-SEASONS ***
-
-
-
-
-                                FLORAL,
-
-                        _Illustrations of the_
-
-                               SEASONS,
-
-                            _Consisting of_
-
-                  The Most Beautiful, Hardy and Rare
-
-                          HERBACEOUS PLANTS,
-
-                  _Cultivated in the Flower Garden_,
-
-                         _from_ DRAWINGS _by_
-
-                        M^{RS}. EDWARD ROSCOE,
-
-                             _Liverpool_,
-
-                    ENGRAVED BY R. HAVELL, JUN^{R}.
-
-                                London,
-
-        PUBLISHED BY ROB^T. HAVELL, JUN^{R}. 77, OXFORD STREET,
-
-                                 _AND_
-
-                  BALDWIN & CRADOCK, PATERNOSTER ROW.
-
-                                 1831.
-
-
-
-
-TO WILLIAM ROSCOE, ESQ., F. L. S.,
-
-_&c. &c. &c._
-
-
-  MY DEAR SIR,
-
-In dedicating this Work to you, I am not presumptuous enough to believe
-that I can offer anything novel in a botanical point of view, though
-I am sure you are too generous a patron of the science to discourage
-any effort, however feeble, which has for its object the diffusion
-of a taste for such pursuits: my motives, however, are not of this
-nature; I would offer it to you as a mark of respect and affection, but
-more particularly of gratitude, for the warm attachment you have ever
-evinced towards me, which has contributed so much to the happiness of
-my life. With these sentiments, allow me to subscribe myself,
-
-  Your affectionate Daughter,
-
-  M. R.
-
-  TOXTETH PARK,
-  _March, 1829_.
-
-
-
-
-PREFACE.
-
-
-The present state of botanical knowledge renders it impossible for the
-Author of this Work to indulge in a hope, that she can add anything to
-the learning and research which distinguish the science: as a humble
-follower of those who have added so much to our information on these
-subjects, she would walk in their delightful paths, and gather some of
-those objects of beauty which lie scattered around her. To endeavour to
-place them in an attractive form--to attach to them useful and accurate
-information--has been her pleasing task; and she will be amply rewarded
-if she should be the means of affording any encouragement, particularly
-among her own sex, to a taste for botanical pursuits. One of our
-greatest philosophers has declared a "Garden to be among the purest of
-human pleasures"; and if we look for a still higher sanction--we have
-the divine command to
-
-  "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow."
-
-There is no pursuit which fills the mind with more noble and exalted
-sentiments than the study of these works of Nature:--wherever we turn
-our attention, we shall discover in them ample lessons of instruction
-and delight; in the structure of every plant, we shall find the most
-exact symmetry, and the most perfect contrivance--and the more minutely
-we examine, the more decided traces we discern of that Power
-
-  "Who planned, and built, and still upholds a world
-  So clothed with beauty."
-
-The gratification to be derived from such pursuits, is heightened by
-considerations like these, and their utility and value are rendered
-still more evident. To use the language of the late excellent and
-distinguished SIR JAMES E. SMITH, "Is it not desirable to call the soul
-from the feverish agitation of worldly pursuits, to the contemplation
-of divine wisdom in the beautiful economy of Nature? Is it not a
-privilege to walk with God in the garden of creation, and hold converse
-with his providence? If such elevated feelings do not lead to the
-study of Nature, it cannot be far pursued without rewarding the student
-by exciting them."
-
-In the arrangement of this Work, the Author has aimed at some degree
-of novelty in the design, as well as of utility in the information. To
-her own sex, to whose particular notice she offers it, she trusts it
-may prove a useful and correct guide to their tastes, both in their
-selection for a flower garden, and as objects for their pencil. She
-has chosen those plants most remarkable for their beauty, and general
-adaptation to our borders--and, in order to render the Work more
-complete, she has added to every genus those species most desirable for
-cultivation.
-
-The Author cannot conclude, without expressing her obligations for the
-assistance afforded her by her friend MR. SHEPHERD, Curator of the
-Botanic Garden, Liverpool; and her thanks are particularly due to his
-able and intelligent coadjutor, MR. HENRY SHEPHERD, F.L.S.
-
-  TOXTETH PARK,
-  _March, 1829_.
-
-
-
-
-SPRING.
-
-
-      "------------------Bright with dew,
-  And in a mingled wilderness of flowers,
-  Fair-handed Spring unbosoms every grace;
-  With hues on hues expression cannot paint
-  The breath of Nature, and her endless bloom."
-
-  _Thomson's Seasons._
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 1._ _Crocus._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-
-
-CROCUS mæsiacus.
-
-_Common Yellow Crocus._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _p._ 1111.
-
-Crocus langeæflorus. _Salisbury Par. Lon._ _vol._ ii., _tab._ 106.
-
- Bulb small--leaves numerous, radical, linear, lanceolate--flower
- enclosed with the leaves in a membranous sheath---corolla yellow,
- divided into six oval-shaped petals, the three outer divisions
- beautifully marked with green--stamens three--filaments short--anthers
- sagittate--style one--stigma divided into three parts.
-
-
-The species here figured is the earliest and best known in our gardens.
-It was introduced into this country in the year 1629, and derives its
-specific denomination from the ancient name of that part of Europe
-where it abounds in a wild state. Numerous varieties of the genus are
-constantly raised from seed, but the number of distinct species do not
-exceed ten or twelve. The cultivation of these plants is attended with
-no difficulty whatever: they will grow in any soil or situation; and
-the C. mæsiacus increases so rapidly as to require frequent parting.
-The different varieties make a beautiful display in the months of
-February and March, if placed in alternate patches in the flower
-border, and produce a brilliant effect when expanded by the warmth
-of the sun. The most desirable for a flower garden are the following
-species and their varieties:--
-
-  Crocus vernus.
-  ----   versicolor.
-  ----   nudiflorus.
-  ----   biflorus.
-  Crocus susianus.
-  ----   sulphureus.
-  ----   sativus.
-  ----   autumnalis.
-
- Pl. 1.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 2._ _Hepatica Triloba._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-HEPATICA triloba.
-
-_Common Blue Hepatica._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Hepatica triloba. _Pursh, N. A. F._, _vol._ ii., _p._ 391.
-
- Root fibrous--leaves radical, three-lobed, on long petioles--stem
- simple, erect, pubescent--one-flowered calyx of three leaves--corolla
- blue--six petals, oval-shaped--stamens numerous, fixed to the
- receptacle--styles many--stigmas obtuse.
-
-
-The blue variety of the Hepatica triloba, which blooms about March,
-is one of our most beautiful Spring flowers, and is more readily
-cultivated than any of the other kinds. According to Pursh, "It is a
-native of Canada, and is found in woods, and on the sides of fertile
-and rocky hills." The double variety of this plant is less common in
-our gardens, and the single white variety is rare. These plants like
-a loamy soil, and eastern exposure--and should be removed when they
-are in blossom. The roots do not bear to be often separated; and if
-divided into small pieces are frequently lost: but if left undisturbed
-in a congenial situation, they will attain great luxuriance. Miller
-says the single varieties are easily propagated by seed; but our more
-modern gardeners do not coincide in this opinion. The new leaves do
-not appear until after the flowers, though occasionally those of the
-preceding year retain their freshness, as in the figure here given. All
-the Hepaticas are ornamental.
-
-  Double blue.
-  Single pink.
-  Double pink.
-  Single white.
-
- Pl. 2.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 3._ _Scilla Bifolia._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-SCILLA bifolia.
-
-_Two-leaved Squill._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Scilla bifolia. _Eng. Fl._, _vol._ ii., _p._ 146.
-
- Bulb oblong, oval--leaves two, radical, opposite, linear, lanceolate,
- about five or six inches long--peduncles short--corolla bright
- blue--petals six, oblong, spreading in the form of a star--stamens
- six, shorter than the petals--germen superior--styles short.
-
-
-This beautiful plant is a native of the West of England, though rarely
-found. It likes a light soil, and should be grown in large patches,
-when it forms one of the greatest ornaments to our gardens in the month
-of March. The white variety also flowers about the same time, and forms
-a striking and beautiful contrast if placed alternately in the flower
-border. It is increased by offsets, which may be removed when the
-leaves decay. If this plant be covered with a hand-glass, when coming
-into bloom, it will expand more fully, and preserve the brilliancy
-of its colour. The Scilla maritima possesses peculiar medicinal
-properties. The most beautiful species are
-
-  Scilla amæna.
-  ----   Siberica.
-  ----   Verna.
-  ----   Italica
-  ----   Peruviana.
-  ----   præcox.
-
- Pl. 3.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 4._ _Narcissus Moschatus._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-NARCISSUS Moschatus.
-
-_Spanish Daffodil._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Narcissus Moschatus. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _p._ 1300.
-
- Root bulbous--leaves radical, linear--twisted, glaucous--stem simple,
- erect--flowers solitary, issuing from a sheath, lanceolate--corolla
- cream colour, consisting of a tubular nectary, with a laciniated
- mouth, surrounded by six long tortuose petals--stamens six--pistil
- one, enclosed in the tube.
-
-
-This plant is one of the least common and most beautiful of the genus,
-and is remarkable for the peculiar delicacy of its colour. It is a
-native of Spain, and was introduced into this country about the year
-1759. It requires a light rich soil; and, like all other bulbs, ought
-only to be removed when the leaves decay. The plant grows from twelve
-to sixteen inches high, and flowers in April. The genus Narcissus is a
-very numerous and beautiful one, and affords a delightful variety. Some
-of the most ornamental are
-
-  N. bulbocodium.
-  -- poeticus.
-  -- angustifolius.
-  -- biflorus.
-  -- odorus.
-  -- tenuior.
-  -- triandrus.
-  -- tenuifolius.
-  -- incomparibilis.
-  -- bicolor.
-  -- minor.
-
- Pl. 4.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 5._ _Erythronium Dens Canis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-ERYTHRONIUM dens canis.
-
-_Common Dog's-tooth Violet._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Erythronium dens canis. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _p._ 5.
-
- Root bulbous, oblong--leaves radical, broad, lanceolate, somewhat
- undulate, marked with brown--stem naked, erect--flowers solitary,
- drooping--corolla campanulate, composed of six equal oval-shaped
- petals, of a lilac hue, inclining to pink--stamens six, terminated
- by oblong purple anthers--germen superior--style longer than the
- stamens--stigma divided into three parts. When the flowers are fully
- expanded the petals are reflexed. The white variety differs only in
- the colour of the flower.
-
-
-There are few plants more desirable for a flower garden than the
-Erythronium dens canis, and its white variety; and none contribute
-more to the beauty of our borders in the month of March, or beginning
-of April. It is a native of Hungary, and some parts of Italy, and was
-introduced into this country in the year 1596. These plants like a
-light soil, mixed with bog, and are propagated by offsets, which may
-be removed any time after the leaves decay; but the roots should not
-be kept long out of the ground, as they are liable to shrink. Miller
-mentions two species of the lilac Erythronium; but his distinctions,
-founded only on the breadth of the leaves, and colour of the flower,
-would not be sufficient to form a different species. It is, however,
-worthy of remark, that the leaves of those bulbs which do not bear
-flowers, are broader and rounder than the others. There are two other
-species, mentioned by Pursh, in his "Flora of North America," vol. i.
-p. 230, both bearing yellow flowers, one of which is occasionally seen
-in our gardens.--Erythronium Americanum.
-
- Pl. 5.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 6._ _Adonis Vernalis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-ADONIS vernalis.
-
-_Perennial Adonis._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Adonis vernalis. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _p._ 134.
-
- Root fibrous--stem branching, growing to the height of ten or
- twelve inches--leaves pinnate, pinnatified--calyx five segments,
- deciduous--flowers terminal--corolla yellow, composed of twelve or
- fourteen oval-shaped petals--stamens numerous--styles many--germen
- superior.
-
-
-Though this plant has been long known in our gardens, having been
-introduced in the year 1629, it is by no means common. It is found wild
-on the mountains of Switzerland, and in different parts of Austria. It
-likes a rich loamy soil, and is increased by parting the roots; but to
-have it in perfection it should be grown in large patches, and seldom
-divided, when it makes a beautiful appearance in the flower garden in
-the months of March or April. In its native country, this plant does
-not exceed four inches in height, and the flowers are of a much more
-brilliant colour. There are two other species of Adonis, but they are
-seldom met with.
-
-  A. autumnalis.
-  -- flammea.
-
- Pl. 6.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 7._ _Primula Auricula._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-PRIMULA auricula.
-
-_Auricula._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Primula auricula. _Jacquin Flo. Aus._ 5, _t._ 415?
-
- Root fibrous--leaves radical, ovate, dentate--base entire--stem
- simple, radical--flower terminal, corymbose--calyx five
- segments--corolla monopetalous, cream colour, slightly tinged with
- yellow, five segments, emarginate--stamens five--pistil one.
-
-
-This plant is a native of Switzerland, and was introduced into this
-country about the year 1596. It is the parent of all the beautiful
-varieties of Auricula, which are now cultivated in our gardens. It
-grows low, and, like many of the genus, is suitable and ornamental for
-rock work. The Primulas flourish most in a mixture of loam, decayed
-leaves, and bog earth, and, like all Alpine plants, require a pure
-atmosphere. The leaves of this species are apt to vary in form, the
-margins occasionally being entire. Some of the most beautiful are the
-following:--
-
-  Primula nivalis.
-  ----    cortusoides.
-  ----    helvetica.
-  ----    decora.
-  ----    integrifolia.
-  ----    marginata.
-  ----    villosa.
-  ----    farinosa.
-  ----    Scotica.
-  ----    Pallasii.
-  ----    minima.
-
- Pl. 7.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 8._ _Sanguinaria Grandiflora._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-SANGUINARIA grandiflora.
-
-_Large-flowered Bloodwort._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. _Lyon's MSS._
-
- Root tuberous, knobbed--leaves radical, lobed--lobes laciniated,
- light green, under surface reddish purple--veins red--enclosing
- the infant blossom, which gradually emerges from its folds--flower
- stem simple, erect, about six or eight inches in height--calyx two
- segments, convex, deciduous--corolla white--petals eight, oblong,
- obtuse--stamens many--style very short--germen superior, terminated by
- a stigma divided into two parts.
-
-
-This beautiful species, which is much larger than the Sanguinaria
-Canadensis, was introduced into this country about the year 1812, by
-the late Mr. John Lyon, with several other valuable plants, collected
-by him in different parts of North America. It takes its name from
-the root, which, when broken, emits a red juice resembling blood,
-with which the Indians are said to paint themselves. Its blossoms are
-transient, and, like many other Spring flowers, require the warmth
-of the sun to expand them. It grows best in bog soil and a sheltered
-situation, and may be increased by parting its roots, which should
-be done in the Autumn, to prevent any check to its flowering in the
-following March or April. There is only another species, the S.
-Canadensis, above alluded to.
-
- Pl. 8.
-
-
-
-
-SUMMER.
-
-
-  Hail, gentle Summer! every mead
-  With thy fair robe of beauty spread
-      To thee that beauty owes;
-  The smiling flowers with joy declare,
-  And loudly tell to Reason's ear,
-      Whence all that beauty flows.
-
-  _Fawkes._
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 17._ _Pæonia Tenuifolia._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-
-
-PÆONIA tenuifolia.
-
-_Fine-leaved Pæony._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Pæonia tenuifolia. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _pl._ 926.
-
- Root tuberous--stem erect, branching, growing to the height of
- one foot, or more--leaves numerous, biternate, linear--calyx five
- segments--flowers terminal--corolla deep scarlet--eight petals,
- orbicular, undulate--stamens many--anthers bright yellow--styles
- three--germen superior.
-
-
-Though this beautiful plant has been so long known in our gardens,
-being introduced in the year 1756, it seldom grows luxuriantly, which
-perhaps may be accounted for by the liability of the roots to decay in
-cold wet soils. It is a native of Siberia, flowers in May, and makes a
-brilliant appearance when grown in large patches. The Pæonias grow best
-in a rich loamy soil, and may be increased by parting the roots, or by
-seed; by the latter means several most beautiful varieties have been
-raised of the Pæonia moutan, of which a full account may be seen in the
-"Hor. Soc. Trans.," vol. 6. This is a remarkably handsome genus. Some
-of the most ornamental are
-
-  P. odorata.
-  -- sibirica.
-  -- albiflora.
-  -- Sabinii.
-  -- peregrina.
-  -- rosea.
-  -- moutan.
-  -- papavaracea.
-  -- corallina.
-  -- humilis.
-
- Pl. 17.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 18._ _Phlox Divaricata._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-PHLOX divaricata.
-
-_Early-flowering Lychnidea._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Phlox divaricata. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _pl._ 163. _Pursh's Flo. N.
-A._, _vol._ i., _p._ 150.
-
- Root fibrous--stem branching--leaves opposite, sessile, oblong
- oval, acute, undulate--flowers corymbose--peduncles short--calyx
- five segments, linear, acute--corolla monopetalous--five segments,
- emarginate, narrower at the base--pale blue--stamens five--style
- one--stigma divided into three parts.
-
-
-The genus Phlox is perhaps one of the most beautiful cultivated in
-our gardens, and affords a delightful variety, its different species
-flowering all through the Summer and Autumn. The plant here figured
-is the earliest; and though it cannot boast of brilliancy, it is
-remarkable for the beautiful delicacy of its colour, and modest
-appearance. It grows low, seldom exceeding eight or ten inches in
-height, and is, on this account, very suitable for rock work. It
-flowers in May, likes a strong loamy soil, and is increased by parting
-the roots, or by cuttings. This species is a native of the mountains of
-Virginia, North America, and was brought into this country by the late
-Mr. Fraser. There are various others equally desirable for a flower
-garden. Amongst the most beautiful are
-
-  P. pyramidalis.
-  -- ovata.
-  -- carnea.
-  -- nivalis.
-  -- setacea.
-  -- subulata.
-  -- reflexa.
-  -- amæma.
-  -- stolonifera.
-
- Pl. 18.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 19._ _Anemone Palmata._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-ANEMONE palmata.
-
-_Cyclamen-leaved Anemone._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Anemone palmata. _Bot. Reg._ _pl._ 200. _Persoon. Syn. Plan._,
-_vol._ ii., _p._ 97.
-
- Root tuberous--leaves radical, cordate, suborbiculate, dentate--stem
- radical, clothed with a ferruginous hair--flower issuing from an
- involucrum, sessile, trifid--corolla yellow--petals about twelve,
- oblong, obtuse--stamens numerous--styles many--germen superior.
-
-
-This is a most striking and ornamental species, and though it is said
-to have been introduced so far back as the year 1597, is still rare in
-our gardens. It is difficult to cultivate, perhaps requiring a little
-stronger soil than Anemonies generally do. When its roots have attained
-a great size, it should be removed or divided, as it is then liable to
-decay; few, however, are fortunate enough to cultivate it to such a
-state of luxuriance. It is perfectly hardy, though mostly treated as a
-frame plant. The under side of the lower radical leaves is tinged with
-a bright violet colour. The genus Anemone is a numerous one, and can
-boast of many ornamental species.
-
-  A. appennina.
-  -- hortensis.
-  -- patens.
-  -- narcissiflora.
-  -- pratensis.
-  -- sylvestris.
-  -- baldensis.
-  -- thalictroides.
-  -- pavonina.
-  -- pulsatilla.
-
- Pl. 19.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 20._ _Pulmonaria Paniculata._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-PULMONARIA paniculata.
-
-_Panicled Lungwort._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Pulmonaria paniculata. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _pl._ 2680.
-
- Root tuberous--stem branched, one to two feet high--leaves ovate,
- oblong, acuminate, strongly nerved--panicles leafy--flowers
- drooping--calyx five segments--corolla funnel-shaped, contracted near
- the base--when arrived at maturity, of a brilliant blue--stamens
- five--style equal with the stamens--stigma obtuse--plant hispid.
-
-
-This beautiful plant, according to the "Bot. Mag.," 2680, is a native
-of Hudson's Bay, and was "Originally introduced to the Kew Gardens by
-the late Dr. Solander, in 1778." It is still rare, and difficult to
-cultivate, though in congenial situations it will sow its seed, and
-increase abundantly; but the general method of propagating it is by
-parting the roots. The plant from which the annexed drawing was made
-grows luxuriantly in a cold, stiff soil, and has endured our severest
-winters without protection. It flowers in June; and though each blossom
-falls off almost as soon as it becomes perfect, there is a succession
-for a considerable time. The most beautiful species of this genus are--
-
-  P. virginica.
-  -- davurica.
-
- Pl. 20.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 21._ _Campanula Pulla._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-CAMPANULA pulla.
-
-_Russet Bell Flower._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Campanula pulla. _Loddige's Bot. Cab._, _p._ 554.
-
- Root fibrous--plant from two to three inches high--stem slender,
- radical, leafy, one-flowered--leaves very small, ovate, crenate,
- sessile, opposite--flowers terminal, drooping--calyx five
- segments--corolla purple, monopetalous, campanulate--margin five
- cleft--stamens five--style longer than the stamens--stigma divided
- into three parts--germen inferior.
-
-
-This lovely little plant is a native of the mountains of Austria and
-Styria, and is particularly ornamental for rock work, to which it is
-well adapted by its low growth and general habit. It was introduced
-into this country about the year 1779, but is still very seldom met
-with. It is hardy, though like many Alpine plants is liable to be lost
-in the Winter unless protected, and it is therefore the safest plan
-either to keep it in a frame, or to cover it with dry leaves and a
-hand glass during Winter. It flowers in June, likes a light rich soil,
-and is increased by parting the roots. The genus Campanula is a very
-numerous one, consisting of upwards of sixty species: some of the most
-ornamental are--
-
-  C. peregrina.
-  -- carpatica.
-  -- patula.
-  -- persicifolia.
-  -- capitata.
-  -- barbata.
-  -- punctata.
-  -- Scheuchzeri.
-  -- pyramidalis.
-  -- azurea.
-
- Pl. 21.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 22._ _Œnothera Triloba._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-ŒNOTHERA triloba.
-
-_Dandelion-leaved Evening Primrose._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-
-Syn. Œnothera triloba. _Curt. Bot. Mag._, _pl._ 2566.
-
- Root biennial? spindle-shaped--leaves radical, lyrate, dentate,
- smooth, middle rib strong--flower radical, rising from amongst the
- bright green leaves--calyx tubular--four segments, lanceolate,
- acute--corolla pale delicate yellow--petals four, slightly trilobed,
- undulate--stamens eight--filaments shorter than the petals--anthers
- oblong, bright yellow--style a little longer than the stamens--stigma
- four-cleft--capsule radical, sessile, containing four cells.
-
-
-The specific name of this very interesting plant was given by Professor
-Nuttal, in consequence of what he considered the three-lobed form
-of its petals; this is however so very slight as to be scarcely
-observable, and therefore perhaps ought not to be considered a
-specific distinction. It was discovered by the Professor in the
-Arkansas country, in 1819, and seeds were afterwards brought by that
-indefatigable traveller and naturalist, Mr. D. Douglas, from North
-America, in 1824. This plant, which has a succession of flowers
-throughout the Summer, is extremely liable to decay, if not kept dry in
-the Winter; but it may be raised from seed, or by parting the roots in
-Autumn, and keeping them in a frame, in pots of light dry soil, giving
-them very little or no water until the roots begin to shoot in the
-Spring. This is the best method of increasing the Œ. cespitosa, a most
-lovely plant, but extremely difficult to propagate. There are numerous
-species and varieties of this very interesting genus: some of the most
-beautiful are--
-
-  Œ. frutiosa.
-  -- speciosa.
-  -- acaulis.
-  -- rosea.
-  -- pallida.
-  -- glauca.
-  -- grandiflora.
-  -- amæna.
-  -- tenella.
-  -- viminea.
-
- Pl. 22.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 23._ _Clarkia Pulchella._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-CLARKIA pulchella.
-
-_Pretty Clarkia._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Clarkia pulchella. _Pursh. Fl. N. A._, _vol._ i. _p._ 260. _Bot.
-Reg._, _pl._ 1100.
-
- Plant annual--stem erect, branching--leaves linear, lanceolate,
- sessile, smooth--peduncles short--flowers growing from the axils of
- the leaves, solitary--calyx one segment, lanceolate, keeled--corolla
- beautiful purple pink--petals four, trilobed, obtuse, horned at
- the base--stamens four--anthers involute--style longer than the
- stamens--stigma divided into four parts--capsule oblong, grooved.
-
-
-This very beautiful and singular annual was named by Pursh, in honour
-of Captain Clark, the companion of Captain Lewis, whose interesting
-travels across the continent of North America are so well known. It
-was found by Mr. Douglas, in the countries around the Columbia river,
-and brought by him into this country, to the Horticultural Society.
-The plant is hardy; but to facilitate its bloom, the seeds should be
-sown in a hotbed early in the Spring, and when the plants have acquired
-sufficient strength they may be removed to the borders, where they will
-continue to flower until destroyed by frost. This is the only species
-known of this genus.
-
- Pl. 23.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 24._ _Potentilla Nipalensis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-POTENTILLA Nipalensis.
-
-_Nipal Potentilla._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Potentilla Nipalensis. _Hooker's Exotic Flora_, _vol._ ii., _pl._
-88.
-
- Root fibrous--stem erect, branching--radical leaves, quinate--leaflets
- obovate, lanceolate, serrate--stipules large, broad,
- lanceolate--flowers terminal, on long peduncles--calyx double--five
- outer segments small, five inner somewhat larger--corolla five petals,
- emarginate, beautiful rose colour, darker at the base--stamens
- numerous--styles many--whole plant, hairy.
-
-
-For this beautiful species of Potentilla we are indebted to the
-celebrated Dr. Wallich, of the Botanic Garden, Calcutta, who discovered
-it in Nipal, and sent seeds of it to this country. It is now becoming
-generally known, and is a great acquisition to our gardens, both for
-the beauty of its flower and continuing so long in blossom. A light
-loam suits it best; and when it likes the situation it will sow itself,
-and is therefore easily propagated. The genus Potentilla is not a showy
-one, but there are several pretty species:--
-
-  P. atrosanguinea.
-  -- clusiana.
-  -- hirta.
-  -- lupinaster.
-  -- nivea.
-  -- pedata.
-
- Pl. 24.
-
-
-
-
-AUTUMN.
-
-
-  Though Summer with her fervid ray,
-  No longer leads the lengthened day,
-  Though Autumn with her sober tread
-  Appears upon the russet mead,
-  For her shall Flora form her wreath,
-  And still around her fragrance breathe;
-  Shall still with beauty deck the plain,
-  Nor cease midst darker hours to reign.
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 33._ _Eschscholtzia Californica._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-
-
-ESCHSCHOLTZIA Californica.
-
-_Californian Eschscholtzia._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Eschscholtzia Californica. _Bot. Reg._ _pl._ 1168.
-
- Root fusiform--stem branching, growing to the height of one foot
- or more--leaves glaucous, tri-pinnatifid, segments acute--flowers
- terminal, on long peduncles--Calyx formed like the Calyptra of a
- Moss, which falls off previous to the expansion of the flower--petals
- four--large, spreading, slightly striated, narrower at the base,
- margins undulate, of a brilliant yellow, which increases to an orange
- in the centre of the flower--stamens numerous, filaments very short,
- anthers long, acute--stigmas four--seed vessel subulate.
-
-Fig. 1. represents the seed pod. Fig. 2. the curiously formed Calyx.
-
-
-This elegant flower was originally discovered by Mr. Menzies, during
-the expedition of Vancouver, in the year 1792, on the coast of
-California. It has been named by Chamisso after Dr. Eschscholtz, a
-companion of Kotzebue, in his voyage round the world, and was sent to
-the Hort. Soc., by Mr. Douglas, in 1826, who found it on the N. W.
-coast of America. It promises to be a very desirable and beautiful
-addition to our catalogue of herbaceous plants, flowering abundantly
-all thro' the summer 'till destroyed by frost. It may be propagated
-either by seeds, which should be sown in a hot-bed early in the spring,
-or by parting the roots in autumn, and grows best in a pure air, and a
-light, or sandy soil.
-
- Pl. 33.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 34._ _Catananche Cœrulea._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-CATANANCHE cœrulea.
-
-_Blue Catananche._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS.
-
-Syn. Catananche Cœrulea. _Curtis Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 293.
-
- Root fibrous--Stem radical, branching--growing to the height of two
- feet--Radical leaves, long, lanceolate, margins deeply toothed--back
- of the leaf downy, and strongly nerved--Cauline leaves, sessile,
- linear, acute. Flowers terminal on very long peduncles on which
- are scattered membranaceous bracteas--Calyx imbricate, squamose,
- membranaceous, striate--Corolla blue--Florets ligulate, apex
- three toothed, purple at the base, fertile--Stamens five, Anthers
- united--style one, stigma bifid.
-
-
-There are only two species known of this genus, the one here figured is
-a native of the South of Europe, and is said to have been cultivated
-by Parkinson as far back as the year 1640, it is however by no means
-a common plant, owing perhaps to the difficulty of keeping it through
-the winter, when it is very apt to be destroyed by frost; it is easily
-raised from seeds which may be sown in the autumn, and if protected
-during the winter, will make strong plants to flower through the
-ensuing summer, continuing in beauty until the approach of winter--it
-likes a dry, sandy soil, and will not bear frequent removal,--the other
-species, Catananche lutea, is an annual not deserving of cultivation.
-
- Pl. 34.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 35._ _Coreopsis Grandiflora._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-COREOPSIS Grandiflora.
-
-_Large flowered Coreopsis._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
-
-Syn. Coreopsis Grandiflora. _Sweet's B. F. G._ _Vol._ 2. _pl._ 175.
-
- Root fibrous, creeping--Stem, tall, erect, branched. Leaves on
- short petioles ternate, leaflets lanceolate, acute--cauline leaves
- becoming more linear. Flowers large, terminal, on long, slender
- peduncles--Calyx double, exterior segments green, lanceolate acute;
- interior segments brown, membranaceous--Corolla bright yellow,
- radiated florets barren, dentate; florets of the disk fertile.
-
-
-This fine species is so similar to C. Lanceolata, that it is only to be
-distinguished by the leaf, the flowers being alike in form and color,
-though perhaps a little larger in C. grandiflora--it was found by
-Professor Nuttall in the Arkansas, and was sent by him to Mr. Barclay
-about the year 1826; it is therefore from its late introduction yet
-rare in our collections, it promises to be of easy cultivation, its
-creeping roots throwing up a plentiful supply of young plants from
-which it may easily be propagated--a little protection in the winter
-may perhaps be desirable.
-
-Amongst the most beautiful species of this genus are
-
-  C. lanceolata
-  -- tinctoria.
-  -- verticillata.
-  -- tenuifolia.
-
- Pl. 35.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 36._ _Georgina Coccinea._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-GEORGINA coccinea.
-
-_Scarlet flowered Georgina._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
-
-Syn. Georgina Coccinea _Wildenow Enum. Plant._ _Vol._ 2. _p._ 338.
-
-Dahlia Coccinea. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 762.
-
- Root tuberous--stem upright, branched, growing from three to five
- feet high. Leaves pinnate, lower leaves sometimes bi-pinnate,
- leaflets serrate--flowers terminal, on long purple peduncles--calyx
- double, exterior segments somewhat reflexed, obtuse--corolla bright
- scarlet--radiated florets ovate, obtuse, furnished with a style
- only--florets of the disk, containing both stamens and pistils.
-
-
-This distinct species, which is perhaps one of the most beautiful of
-the genus is readily distinguished by its small flower and foliage--it
-is a native of Mexico, and previous to its introduction to this
-country, by Mr. Fraser, in 1803, was cultivated in France,--endless
-varieties of this genus are constantly raised from seed, and by other
-means, and there is no flower to which we are so much indebted for
-ornamenting our gardens in the Autumn--the cultivation of this plant
-is so easy, and now so well known that little requires to be said on
-this point. Particular care, however, must be taken to keep the roots
-from frost; a poor soil will cause a smaller growth, and produce more
-flowers. The name Georgina was given to this genus by Wildenow, in
-honor of G. Georgi, a Russian Botanist, and as it is considered by the
-Continental and many English Botanists, to be the most correct, it has
-been here adopted, instead of Dahlia, a name very similar to that of
-another genus (Dalea) called after Dale the friend of Ray;[1] some of
-the most beautiful double Georginas are varieties of the Sambucifolia.
-
-  G. frustranea.
-  -- superflua.
-  -- alba.
-  -- flava.
-  -- purpurea.
-  -- atro purpurea.
-  -- rubra.
-  -- atro-rubra.
-  -- fulgens.
-  -- crocea.
-
-[1] See Bot. Mag. page 762, and Sweets British Flower Garden, page 282.
-
- Pl. 36.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 37._ _Rudbeckia hirta._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-RUDBECKIA hirta.
-
-_Hairy Rudbeckia._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANEA.
-
-Syn. Rudbeckia hirta. _Pursh. Flo. N. A._ _page_ 574.
-
- Root Fibrous--stem erect, branched, grooved. Radical leaves broad,
- lanceolate, cauline leaves sessile, unequal, margins undulate
- peduncles one flowered, terminal--calyx many segments, lanceolate,
- obtuse--corolla bright yellow--radiated florets, linear, lanceolate
- recurved, barren--florets of the disk fertile--whole plant hairy.
-
-
-The genus Rudbeckia (called after Professor Rudbeck of Upsal who
-died in 1702) is a very ornamental one, its different species making
-a gay appearance in the Autumn. R. hirta is perhaps one of the most
-desirable, from its moderate size, seldom growing higher than two
-feet--it was introduced about the year 1714, it is a native of N.
-America, and is found on the mountains from Virginia to Florida--it
-likes a light rich soil, and is propagated by parting the roots,
-which should be done in the spring, as it flowers so late in Autumn
-as to prevent the removal in sufficient time for the plants to be
-well established before winter--it is rather tender, sometimes being
-destroyed by too much wet. The following are pleasing species:--
-
-  R. purpurea.
-  -- fulgida.
-  -- columnaris.
-  -- speciosa.
-  -- pinnata.
-
- Pl. 37.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 38._ _Scabiosa Caucasea._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-SCABIOSA Caucasea.
-
-_Caucasean Scabious._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Scabiosa Caucasea. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 886.
-
- Root fibrous--stem erect, rising to the height of two feet or
- more--radical leaves on long channelled footstalks, lanceolate, acute,
- margins undulate, cauline leaves, connate, pinnatifid--peduncles one
- flowered, flowers terminal--involucre from eight to ten segments,
- lanceolate, acute--corolla delicate purple, segments trilobed, lobes
- obtuse, margins undulate, florets of the disk tubular, margins
- five-cleft--Calyx double--stamens four, anthers oblong, of a bright
- red, style longer than the stamens; stigma globose; germen downy.
-
-
-This is perhaps the most beautiful species of the genus; and a highly
-ornamental plant in the Autumnal months, during which time it continues
-long in beauty, it is a native of Mount Caucasus, and according to the
-Bot. Mag. p. 886, was raised by Messrs. Loddiges from seeds received
-by them about the year 1803--a light soil suits it best, and it may be
-increased by parting its roots in the spring--it is quite hardy.
-
-The genus Scabiosa is not a favorite one for a flower garden, though a
-few species may deserve a place in our collections--some of the most
-desirable are
-
-  S. alpina.
-  -- tatarica.
-  -- atropurpurea.
-  -- lœvigata.
-
- Pl. 38.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 39._ _Lobelia fulgens._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-LOBELIA fulgens.
-
-_Refulgent Lobelia._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Lobelia fulgens. _Bot. Rep._ _pl._ 659.
-
- Root fibrous--stem erect, leafy, occasionally drooping at the
- summit, downy. Leaves alternate sessile, broad lanceolate, undulate,
- denticulate near the point, veined, becoming smaller towards the
- top of the stem--peduncles very short--calyx five segments, acute,
- downy--corolla monopetalous, very brilliant scarlet--tube oblong,
- inflated at the base, segments five, three lower ones, oblong,
- lanceolate, acute; two upper, small, linear, acute, recurved--stamens
- five--anthers oblong, style filiform--stigma compressed.
-
-
-This brilliant ornament to the flower garden is a native of Mexico,
-and was raised from seeds sent by Humboldt and Bonpland, to this
-country, about the year 1809--it is a plant of easy cultivation, and
-is readily increased by parting the roots in Spring--it is hardy, but
-in the winter requires to be kept dry, as it is liable to decay from
-too much moisture, it is therefore the safest plan to put a few plants
-in a frame, divide them, and plant them about April, in a stiff soil,
-and moist situation, where they will flourish exceedingly, and make
-a splendid appearance until destroyed by frost--This species differs
-little from L. Splendens, which has its foliage more tinged with red
-and is devoid of that pubescence which distinguishes L. fulgens.
-
-There are several beautiful species of this genus, but few are hardy,
-those most desirable for a flower garden are
-
-  L. splendens.
-  -- cardinalis.
-  -- amæna.
-  -- tupa.
-
- Pl. 39.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 40._ _Aster Amellus._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-ASTER amellus.
-
-_Italian aster._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.
-
-Syn. Aster Amellus. _Hortus Kewensis_, _vol._ 5, _page_ 54.
-
- Root fibrous--stem erect, branched, sometimes two feet
- high--leaves sessile, alternate, ovate lanceolate, obtuse--margins
- undulate. Flowers purple, corymbose, on short peduncles; calyx
- imbricated--radiated florets, linear, obtuse, furnished with a style
- only--florets of the disk fertile containing both stamens and pistils.
-
-
-Few autumnal plants are more deserving of cultivation than the Aster
-Amellus--the beauty of the flower, its moderately low growth, and late
-flowering, rendering it a valuable plant for the season, and perhaps
-preferable to any of the genus--it is a native of the South of Europe,
-and was cultivated in this country, as long since as 1596, by Gerard,
-it will grow in any soil or situation, and flowers from September until
-destroyed by severe frost--it may be increased by dividing the roots,
-which according to Miller should not be moved oftener than every third
-year.
-
-The genus aster is a very numerous one, and affords some ornamental
-species
-
-  A. alpina.
-  -- blandus.
-  -- elegans.
-  -- grandiflorus.
-  -- nova angliæ.
-  -- spectabilis.
-  -- pulcherrimus.
-
- Pl. 40.
-
-
-
-
-WINTER.
-
-
-  ---- The fairer forms
-  That cultivation glories in, are HIS,
-  HE sets the bright procession on its way,
-  And marshalls all the order of the Year;
-  HE marks the bounds that Winter may not pass,
-  And blunts his pointed fury: in its case
-  Russet and rude folds up the tender germ
-  Uninjured, with inimitable art,
-  And ere one flowery season fades and dies,
-  Designs the blooming wonders of the next.
-
-  COWPER.
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 49._ _Semi-Double quilled pink Chrysanthemum._
-_Drawn from nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-
-
-CHRYSANTHEMUM indicum var.
-
-_Semi double quill'd pink Chrysanthemum._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENSIA, POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
-
-Syn. Semi double quill'd pink Chrysanthemum. _Hort. Soc. Trans._ _Vol._
-5. _p._ 422.
-
- Stem tall, erect, leafy, branching--lower leaves large, bi-pinnatifid,
- lobes deeply indented--becoming smaller as they approach the
- flower--flower terminal slightly pendant--calyx squamose--florets
- quill'd of a beautiful pale pink, shaded off to white--disc
- yellow--large.
-
-
-The first introduction of the Chinese Chrysanthemums into this country,
-was about the year 1764;--the beautiful varieties now seen in our
-gardens, became known at a much more recent period, and from the great
-facility that attends their cultivation, and their very desirable
-season of flowering, they are universal favorites;--new varieties are
-frequently imported, the only means we possess of obtaining them, as
-we are ignorant of the mode adopted by the Chinese for their increase;
-and we are led to suppose that we do not yet possess some of their
-finest kinds:--most of the varieties will grow well out of doors, and
-if trained against a south wall, with a little protection to shield
-the flowers from inclement weather, will make a beautiful and gay
-appearance in the months of November and December. The Chrysanthemums
-are increased either by cuttings or suckers taken from the parent
-plant in the spring;--the var. here figured is a very beautiful one,
-and blossoms rather early and freely--the flowers have a deeper color
-when grown out of doors, and the plant altogether acquires more
-strength;--in a green-house this var. is apt to grow weak and tall.
-
- Pl. 49.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 50._ _Superb White Chrysanthemum. Early Crimson._
-_Drawn from nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-CHRYSANTHEMUM indicum var.
-
-_Superb White Chrysanthemum._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENSIA, POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
-
-Syn. Superb White Chrysanthemum. _Hort. Soc. Trans._ _Vol._ 5. _p._ 420.
-
- Stem erect, leafy, branching--leaves bi-pinnatifid, lobes deeply
- indented,--flower terminal, drooping, white, tinged with yellow
- towards the centre--calyx squamose, obtuse, florets ligulate, outside
- florets occasionally quill'd--apex entire.
-
-
-This variety is a very desirable one for growing out of doors, from
-its long continuance in bloom, and the flowers being so very large and
-fine--the foilage is luxuriant, and if the plant be trained against a
-wall, it will grow very tall, and make a beautiful appearance until a
-late season;--the Chrysanthemums like a strong soil.
-
-
-
-
-CHRYSANTHEMUM indicum var.
-
-_Early Crimson Chrysanthemum._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENSIA, POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
-
-Syn. Early Crimson Chrysanthemum. _Hort. Soc. Trans._ _Vol._ 5, _p._
-155.
-
- Stem erect, leafy, much branched--leaves bi-pinnatifid, lobes very
- deeply indented--flowers pendant--growing in clusters, semi-double, of
- a fine crimson--florets ligulate, emarginate--disc small.
-
-
-This is a newer var. than either the superb white, or quill'd pink;
-the plant grows low, and rather bushy, and makes a very brilliant
-appearance when in full flower--the varieties of Chrysanthemum Indicum
-are so endless, that is difficult to make a selection; some of the most
-beautiful and latest imported are the following:--
-
-  Purple.
-  Quill'd white.
-  Tasselled white.
-  Sulphur yellow.
-  Golden yellow.
-  Buff or orange.
-  Quill'd flamed yellow.
-  Curled lilac.
-  Pale pink.
-  Parks' small yellow.
-  Blush Ranunculus flowered.
-  Tasselled lilac.
-  Two colored red.
-  Starry pink.
-  Two colored incurved.
-  Golden Lotus flowered.
-  Brown lilac.
-  Early blush.
-  Paper white.
-  Changeable pale buff.
-
- Pl. 50.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 51._ _Tussilago fragrans._
-_Drawn from nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-TUSSILAGO fragrans.
-
-_Fragrant Coltsfoot._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENSIA, POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
-
-Syn. Tussilago Fragrans. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 1388.
-
- Root creeping, fleshy--scape about eight inches high, woolly,
- appearing before the leaves--leaves radical, large, cordate, margins
- crenate--young leaves covered with a deciduous down, cauline
- leaves cordate, sheathing the stem--peduncles rising from concave
- bracteas--calyx many segments, lanceolate, acute, tinged with
- brown--radiated florets ligulate, pink, florets of the disk, five
- segments, white--style projecting, stigma dark purple.
-
-
-This plant possesses little beauty to recommend it to our notice, but
-its delightful fragrance, which strongly resembles the Heliotropium
-Peruvianum, renders it an acceptable addition to our small stock of
-winter flowers. It is a native of Italy, and was introduced into this
-country by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, in 1806. Though frequently treated
-as a green-house or frame-plant, it is perfectly hardy, and if grown in
-a moist situation, it will spread so rapidly as to become troublesome;
-the best plan therefore is to confine it in a pot, and plunge it in
-common garden soil, where it will flower about December or January,
-without the least protection.
-
-This is the only species suitable for a flower garden.
-
- Pl. 51.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 52._ _Helleborus niger._
-_Drawn from nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-HELLEBORUS niger.
-
-_Black Hellebore or Christmas Rose._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Helleborus niger. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 8.
-
- Root tuberous--leaves radical, on long channelled petioles, pedate,
- lobes oblong, margins serrate near the apex--scape radical,
- simple,--flower terminal--calyx none--bracteas immediately under
- the flower, two, sessile--corolla white, slightly tinged with pale
- pink and yellowish green,--petals five, large, orbicular, margins
- undulate--nectaries green, tubular--stamens numerous--anthers
- compressed--styles many.
-
-
-There are few flowers more welcome to us than the Helleborus
-niger, which enlivens our gardens in the dreary months of December
-and January. It is a native of the mountains of Austria, and was
-introduced into this country about the year 1596, by Mr. John Gerard;
-it derives its name from the dark color of its roots, and the common
-appellation of the Christmas Rose, arises from the peculiar season of
-its flowering; being an alpine plant it delights in a pure air, and
-it grows best in a moist situation and strong loamy soil: it may be
-covered with a hand-glass when coming into bloom, as the beauty of
-the flower is liable to be destroyed by the severity of the weather.
-Considerable medicinal properties were ascribed to this plant by the
-ancients, but it is now seldom used. There are several other species,
-but only two of these are generally cultivated--the first mentioned is
-a British plant.
-
-  H. viridis.
-  -- lividus.
-
- Pl. 52.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 53._ _Eranthis hyemalis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-ERANTHIS hyemalis
-
-_Winter Aconite._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Eranthis hyemalis. _Salisbury_, _Lin. Soc. Trans._ _Vol._ 8. _p._
-303.
-
-Helleborus hyemalis. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _Vol._ 1. _p._ 3.
-
- Root tuberous--leaves radical, on long petioles, radiated, palmate,
- lobes generally trifid--scape radical, one flowered--involucrum
- sessile, lobed, becoming larger when the flower decays--corolla
- yellow--petals six, or sometimes more, obovate, nectaries tubular,
- stamens from twenty to thirty--anthers compressed--styles many.
-
-
-The genus Eranthis, which was established by Salisbury, differs from
-Helleborus in the number of its petals and stamens, the latter in
-Eranthis are from twenty to thirty, in Helleborus, from thirty to
-sixty; the seed in the former genus being in one series, the latter
-in two series, the difference of habit, &c., altogether forming good
-grounds for making them separate genera. This pretty species which
-flowers about January is a native of France, Switzerland, and Austria,
-and was cultivated in our gardens as long since as 1596;--it grows best
-in a light loam mixed with bog, and is propagated by offsets. There is
-another species Eranthis Siberica.
-
- Pl. 53.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 54._ _Erica carnea._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-ERICA carnea.
-
-_Flesh colored, early Flowering Heath._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Erica carnea. _Jacquin's Flo. Austr._ _Vol._ 1. _tab._ 32.
-
-Erica carnea. _Loddige's Bot. Cab._ _p._ 1452.
-
-Erica herbacea. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 11.
-
- Root fibrous--stem branching upon the ground, leaves small, linear,
- sessile--flowers pendulous, on very short peduncles--calyx four
- segments, linear acute--corolla campanulate, pale pink, margin
- four cleft--stamens eight fixed to the receptacle, anthers bifid,
- projecting, dark purple--style declining, longer than the stamens.
-
-
-This pretty little plant would be acceptable to us at any season of the
-year, but is peculiarly so in the dreary one in which its beautiful
-pink blossoms appear, frequently peeping above the snow. The flowers
-are formed in the autumn, but do not come to maturity until the
-following December or January, when (if planted in a bog border with a
-south aspect) it will make a beautiful appearance for a length of time.
-It is a native of the Alps and mountainous parts of Germany, and was
-introduced into this country about the year 1763; the general method
-of increasing this plant is by cuttings or layers,--there are other
-species of hardy heaths which are well worth cultivating. The three
-last mentioned are natives of Britain.
-
-  E. Mediterranea.
-  -- ciliaris.
-  -- carnea var.
-  -- Australis.
-  -- tetralia.
-  -- vagans.
-  -- stricta.
-
- Pl. 54.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 55._ _Galanthus Nivalis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-GALANTHUS nivalis.
-
-_Common Snowdrop._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Galanthus nivalis. _English Bot._ _pl._ 19.
-
- Root bulbous.--Scape from three to five inches high, one flowered.
- Leaves two, broadly linear, obtuse, glaucous green, sheathing the
- lower part of the stem.--Flower drooping, bursting from a sheath,
- lanceolate.--Corolla white, petals three, oblong, obtuse--nectaries
- three emarginate, beautifully tipped with green--stamens six, anthers
- subulate--style one, stigma simple.
-
-
-This beautiful flower so well known, and so peculiarly interesting from
-its modest simplicity, hardly requires a description of its treatment
-or mode of growth. It is a native of England, having been found in
-many places remote from cultivation, and will grow in any soil or
-situation.--A double var. is frequently met with in our gardens, there
-is also another species G. plicatus, a native of Caucasus.
-
- Pl. 55.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 9._ _Cyclamen Coum._
-_Drawn from nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-CYCLAMEN Coum.
-
-_Round leaved Cyclamen._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Cyclamen Coum. _Cur. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 4.
-
--- Cyclamen Coum. _Hor. Kew._ 1 _vol._ _p._ 311.
-
- Root bulbous, orbicular, compressed. Leaves radical, on rather long
- purplish petioles, orbicular, cordate, upper side dark green, red
- underneath--stem radical, three or four inches high, flower terminal,
- drooping--calyx five segments acute--petals five, reflexed, ovate,
- margins undulate, dark pink, marked with red at the base, which is
- shaded off to a pure white, stamens five enclosed in the tube of the
- corolla, style longer than the stamens, stigma acute.
-
-
-This pretty plant which is one of the earliest of our Spring bulbs,
-is a native of the south of Europe, and has been known since the year
-1596, when it was cultivated by Mr. John Gerard. It is very hardy,
-though generally treated as a green-house or frame plant, and if grown
-in a sheltered situation in a mixture of bog earth, and rich loam, it
-will flower abundantly, and make a beautiful appearance about February,
-particularly if covered with a hand-glass to protect the flowers from
-the inclemency of the weather.
-
-This plant is easily raised from seed, which is produced in abundance.
-After the petals decay the germen becomes enlarged, and the foot stalk
-enclosing it in the centre, twists in the form of a screw, until it
-reaches the ground, when the seed-vessel bursts and deposits the seed,
-a beautiful provision of nature for propagating the species--the seeds
-thus sown, will require a little more soil, and the protection of a
-hand-glass during the Winter, when if not destroyed by frost, the
-plants will generally flower the following Summer--the other hardy
-species are
-
-  C. hederæfolium.
-  ---- var.
-  -- europæum.
-
- Pl. 9.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 10._ _Hyoscyamus Orientalis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-HYOSCYAMUS Orientalis.
-
-_Oriental Hyoscyamus._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Hyoscyamus Orientalis. _Beburstein Fl. Taur. Cauc._ _vol._ 1. _p._
-164.
-
--- Hyoscyamus Orientalis. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 2414.
-
- Root tuberous--stem erect, growing to the height of one foot or
- more--leaves on rather long petioles, broadly lanceolate, spreading,
- margins undulate, of a dull green, strongly veined with red--under
- side reddish in the young leaves--flowers thyrsiform--on short
- pedicels--calyx campanulate, margin five cleft, segments acute,
- tinged with purple--corolla lilac, funnel shaped, limb spreading,
- five cleft--stamens five, inclined, shorter than the style--stigma
- clavate--whole plant covered with a whitish pubescence which it nearly
- loses in more advanced growth.
-
-
-The genus Hyoscyamus is, perhaps, more remarkable for its medicinal
-properties than for its beauty, though this species is certainly a
-handsome plant and as yet rarely met with:--it is of later introduction
-than Hyoscyamus Physaloides, which has a darker flower, the leaves
-perfectly smooth, and the plant altogether is of smaller growth. H.
-Orientalis is a native of Iberia, a country between the Black and
-Caspian Seas, and was first introduced into this country from seeds
-sent to Mr. John Hunneman, about the year 1821; it is perfectly hardy,
-likes a rich soil, and may be increased by parting the roots or by
-seed; flowers as early as March. There is only another species besides
-the two mentioned, deserving of cultivation in a flower garden, which
-is H. Scopoli.
-
- Pl. 10.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 11._ _Orobus Vernus._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-OROBUS Vernus.
-
-_Spring Orobus._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
-
-Syn. Orobus Vernus. _Car. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 521.
-
--- Orobus Vernus. _Hor. Kew._ _vol._ 3. _p._ 38.
-
- Root fibrous--stem erect, branching, one foot or more in
- height--stipules large, sagittate, auriculate--leaves
- pinnate--leaflets ovate, acute--peduncles long, axillary--pedicels
- very short--calyx five cleft, base obtuse, tinted with red--flower
- papilionaceous--vexillum pink, broadly ovate, margin undulate--alæ
- blue, obtuse; carina white--stamens ten, united by their filaments
- into two parcels, nine in one set, with a single one separate--style
- one.
-
-
-The Orobus vernus is a most valuable Spring flower, and is one of the
-earliest of our herbaceous plants;--it is a native of the middle and
-south of Europe, and was first introduced into this country about the
-year 1629;--a light soil suits it best, though being very hardy it will
-flourish in any situation, and considering the facility with which it
-is cultivated, it is surprizing it is not more common;--it flowers in
-March, and is increased by dividing the roots or by seed--some of the
-most desirable species are
-
-  O. niger.
-  -- varius.
-  -- lathyroides.
-  -- luteus.
-  albus.
-  tuberosus.
-  variegatus.
-  ochroleucus.
-
- Pl. 11.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 12._ _Uvularia Grandiflora._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-UVULARIA Grandiflora.
-
-_Large flowered Uvularia._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Uvularia Grandiflora. _Exotic Botany_, _Tab._ 51.
-
--- Uvularia Grandiflora. _Pursh Flo. N. A._ _Vol._ 1. _p._ 231.
-
--- Uvularia Grandiflora. _Hortus Kewensis_, 2. _Vol._ _p._ 247.
-
- Root tuberous--stem a foot or more in height, radical, erect, sheathed
- at the base, branching towards the summit--petioles flexuose--leaves
- perfoliate, broadly lanceolate, undulate--peduncles axillary--flowers
- pendulous--calyx none--corolla yellow, petals six, linear,
- tortuose--stamens six, filaments short--anthers oblong, linear--germen
- obovate--style one, stigma divided into three parts--nectary a cavity
- at the base of each petal.
-
-
-The genus Uvularia is neither a numerous, nor a showy one, though the
-species figured (which is the finest) is a very elegant plant, and if
-placed in the front of a bog border, the soil of which is peculiarly
-adapted to it, will add much to the beauty of the flower garden about
-April. In 1802, Messrs. Lee and Kennedy received this species from
-North America, and according to Pursh, it is found on shady hills in
-fertile soils, and among the rocks from Canada to Carolina;--it is
-perfectly hardy, and may be increased by parting the roots early in the
-Autumn.
-
-The most interesting, are
-
-  U. amplexifolia.
-  -- lanceolata.
-  -- perfoliata.
-  -- sessilifolia.
-
- Pl. 12.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 13._ _Gentiana Verna._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-GENTIANA verna.
-
-_Spring Gentian._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Gentiana verna. _Eng. Bot._ _pl._ 493.
-
--- Gentiana verna. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 491.
-
- Root fibrous, creeping--stem procumbent, leafy,--leaves sessile, oval,
- acute, opposite, clustered near the root--flowers terminal--calyx
- five cleft, acute--corolla brilliant blue, monopetalous, tube long,
- limb spreading, divided into five segments, obtuse, undulate, fringed
- between the segments--stamens five, enclosed in the tube of the
- corolla--style simple, stigmas two, so closely situated as to give the
- appearance of a small white circle in the centre of the flower.
-
-
-This beautiful little plant is well ascertained to be a native of
-England and Ireland. According to English Botany, p. 49--it was first
-gathered in Teesdale Forest, Durham, where it is still obtained for
-the purposes of sale in London, and other places;--it is also a native
-of the Alps of Switzerland, where we are told the large patches of it
-produce a brilliant and striking effect:--it is perfectly hardy, but
-requires a pure air, and succeeds best in bog-soil--from its low growth
-and general habit, it is well adapted to ornament rock work, and from
-the shelter there afforded, it will begin to flower as early as March,
-and continue in beauty some time--it may be increased by parting the
-roots early in the Autumn:--the Gentiana lutea, is celebrated for its
-medicinal properties, and is a handsome herbaceous plant; the other
-desirable species are
-
-  G. crinita.
-  -- asclepedia.
-  -- saponaria.
-  -- alpina.
-  purpurea.
-  septemfida.
-  acaulis.
-  pneunomanthe.
-
- Pl. 13.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 14._ _Soldanella Clusii._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-SOLDANELLA Clusii.
-
-_Clusius's Soldanella._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Soldanella Clusii. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 2163.
-
--- Soldanella montana? _Sweet's B. F. G._ _vol._ 1. _p._ 11.
-
- Root fibrous--leaves radical, on long petioles, orbicular, cordate,
- slightly crenate, of a dark green, paler underneath--stem radical,
- erect, three or four inches high--segments of the involucrum
- linear--flowers terminal, drooping,--calyx five, segments linear,
- spreading--corolla purple, monopetalous, campanulate, margin deeply
- laciniated--stamens five, anthers two lobed--style very long, germen
- inferior.
-
-
-The beautiful genus Soldanella is peculiarly adapted to rock work, to
-which it is a great ornament; the different species are all hardy,
-but like many alpine plants, require shelter from severe frosts, as
-a substitute for the snow of their native mountains; this species is
-found on the mountains of Bohemia, and on the Austrian and Styrian
-Alps, and was introduced into this country about the year 1816.
-It grows best in a mixture of peat and sandy loam, and is readily
-increased by seeds, or by parting the roots; the genus is by no means
-common, perhaps, from their requiring a very pure air to grow them in
-perfection; it is the safest plan to keep all alpine plants in a frame
-during winter, or to cover them with _dry_ saw dust, over which may
-be placed a hand-glass or garden-pot. This species is called after
-Clusius a celebrated Botanist, it being (according to the Bot. Mag. p.
-211.) first described and figured by him. There are two other beautiful
-species, with smaller flowers, S. alpina, S. minima.
-
- Pl. 14.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 15._ _Viola Palmata._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-VIOLA palmata.
-
-_Palmate leaved Violet._
-
-
-_Class and Order._ PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Viola palmata. _Pursh Flo. N. A._ _vol._ i. _p._ 172.
-
--- Viola palmata. _Nuttall's Gen. N. A._ _vol._ i. _p._ 147.
-
- Root tuberous--leaves radical, on very long petioles, palmate,
- lobes deeply dentate--peduncles one flowered, radical, tinged with
- purple--calyx five segments linear acute--corolla blue lilac, paler
- on the under side, petals five, broad, obtuse, pencilled at the base
- with a darker shade, lower part of the middle petal terminating in a
- spur--stamens five, anthers obtuse--style slender, stigma globose.
-
-
-The genus Viola is a very numerous one, and can boast of many
-ornamental species--endless varieties are constantly raised from seed,
-chiefly of Viola tricolor, though these may at first vary, there is
-little dependance to be placed on them, as they frequently return to
-the original species; the number of distinct species, however, is very
-considerable, amongst which is the one figured; a desirable plant
-for the front of the borders where it will remain in beauty for a
-long time--it is a native of North America, and according to the Bot.
-Cab. p. 1471, grows on dry hills from New England to Virginia. Prof.
-Nuttall says in his genera of North American plants, vol. i. p. 147,
-"the genus Viola within its proper limits, is almost equally divided
-betwixt Europe and the temperate parts of North America." This species
-was first brought into this country in 1739, though still a scarce
-plant in our gardens:--the Violas are all well adapted for rock work,
-and flourish most in a light rich soil and shady situation. They may be
-increased either by parting the roots, by cuttings, or by seeds; the
-latter of which are produced in great abundance, and are dispersed by
-the peculiar elasticity of the capsule, which as soon as its contents
-are matured, ejects them with considerable force, sometimes to a great
-distance. Some of the most beautiful species are
-
-  V. pedata.
-  -- altaica.
-  -- hederacea.
-  -- lutea.
-  -- blanda.
-  -- uniflora.
-  -- odorata.
-  -- cornuta.
-  præmorsa.
-  flabelliflora.
-  primulifolia.
-  grandiflora.
-  lanceolata.
-  Nuttallii.
-
- Pl. 15.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 16._ _Trillium Grandiflorum._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-TRILLIUM Grandiflorum.
-
-_Large flowered Trillium._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Trillium Grandiflorum. _Salisbury Par. Lon._ _pl._ 35.
-
--- Trillium Grandiflorum. _Hort. Kew._ _Vol._ 2. _p._ 329
-
--- Trillium Grandiflorum. _Nuttall's gen. N. A._ _Vol._ 1. _p._ 239.
-
- Root tuberous, stem radical, simple, eight to ten inches high,--leaves
- three, sessile, large, spreading, oval shaped, obtuse, margins
- undulate--peduncle short--flower terminal, drooping--calyx three
- segments, lanceolate, acute--corolla white--petals three, spreading,
- ovate, obtuse, nerved--stamens six, filaments short, anthers oblong,
- styles three, stigmas recurved.
-
-
-This is the most desirable species of the genus and a very handsome
-herbaceous plant, the beautiful white flowers forming a pleasing
-contrast to the dark green leaves by which they are surrounded. It is a
-native of Upper Canada, and according to Nuttall, is found generally in
-umbrageous forests.--a peat soil, and shady situation are essential to
-its favorable cultivation, and as these are afforded, the flower varies
-accordingly in size--it is a plant of slow growth, not hearing frequent
-removal, and is therefore not common, though it has been known in this
-country since the year 1799--flowers about April, and is increased by
-parting the roots. The other species are not particularly desirable,
-except in extensive herbaceous collections.
-
-  T. sessile.
-  -- cernuum.
-  erectum.
-  stylosum.
-
- Pl. 16.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 25._ _Salpiglossis picta._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-SALPIGLOSSIS Picta.
-
-_Painted Salpiglossis._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
-
-Syn. Salpiglossis Picta. _Sweets B. F. G._ _vol._ 3. _p._ 258.
-
- Root fibrous, stem erect, branching, lower leaves broadly lanceolate,
- margins deeply serrate--cauline leaves sessile, linear, acute,
- margins slightly undulate, becoming smaller as they approach the
- flower--peduncles long, leafy, flowers terminal--calyx five segments,
- acute--corolla beautifully pencilled with yellow and purple, funnel
- shaped, tube long, limb spreading, five segments, emarginate--stamens
- four, two long and two short--anthers large, yellow--style longer than
- the stamens--stigma obtuse, whole plant villous.
-
-
-The genus Salpiglossis is one of late introduction into this country,
-none of the species being known here before the year 1826, when
-seeds were sent from Chili by Mr. Cruikshanks to the Botanic Gardens
-of Edinburgh and Glasgow. The species figured is perhaps the most
-beautiful, and promises to be a great acquisition to our collection of
-new herbaceous plants, it may be raised from seeds or cuttings, likes
-a light soil, and a sheltered situation, and will continue in flower
-for a considerable time. It has hitherto been treated chiefly as a
-green-house plant, but it will grow much stronger, and the colours
-finer, in the open border; it would, however, be desirable to keep some
-plants in a green-house or frame during the winter, as it is doubtful
-how it may bear the severe frosts. There are only two other species,
-
-  S. straminea.
-  -- atro-purpurea.
-
- Pl. 25.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 26._ _Iris variegata._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-IRIS VARIEGATA.
-
-_Variegated Iris._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Iris Variegata. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 16.
-
- Root tuberose, cespitose,--leaves radical, clasping the stem,
- ensiform, nerved, unequal,--stem branched,--flower growing between two
- membranous green bractes, ovate, lanceolate,--tube greenish,--corolla
- six petals, three outer segments reflexed, oblong, obtuse, beautifully
- striated, and fringed at the base with glandular hairs,--three inner
- ones yellow, erect, margins undulate,--stamens three, filaments
- adhering to the base of the reflexed petals, apex bifid,--anthers
- oblong,--style slender,--stigma divided into three parts.
-
-
-This species of Iris, though so long since introduced as the year
-1597 is not frequently seen in our herbaceous collections. It is a
-plant of low growth, sometimes not exceeding a foot in height, though
-this varies according to the soil in which it is planted, a moist
-situation increasing its luxuriance both in flower and foliage. It
-is a native of Hungary, and is perfectly hardy, not requiring any
-particular treatment, and may be increased by separating the roots in
-Autumn,--flowers in May, and grows best in a stiff cold soil. This is a
-very beautiful genus, and affords many ornamental species.
-
-  I. pallida.
-  -- nipalensis.
-  -- ochroleuca.
-  -- flavecens.
-  -- verna.
-  -- cristata.
-  -- germanica.
-  -- aphylla.
-  dichotoma.
-  pumila.
-  xiphium.
-  xiphioides.
-  versicolor.
-  caucasica.
-  furcata.
-  tenax.
-
- Pl. 26.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 27._ _Delphinium grandiflorum._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-DELPHINIUM Grandiflorum.
-
-_Great flowered Larkspur._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Delphinium Grandiflorum. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 1686.
-
- Root fibrous,--stem erect, much branched,--radical leaves on long
- naked petioles, multipartite, segments narrow acute,--cauline leaves
- sessile, verticillate, linear acute, on the lateral branches,
- generally single,--lower flowers on very long peduncles--calyx
- none--corolla very brilliant blue--outer petals five, ovate,
- undulate, upper one terminated by a long rugose spur--nectaries two,
- divided into four segments, the two lower ones marked with a bright
- bearded yellow spot, enclosing the parts of fructification--stamens
- numerous--styles three--capsules three celled.
-
-
-The genus Delphinium is a beautiful and showy one, and contains almost
-innumerable varieties, none, however, can exceed in beauty of colour
-the species figured, which is a native of Siberia, and was introduced
-into this country about the year 1741. It is a hardy plant, of the
-easiest culture, not requiring any particular treatment, though
-it grows best in a rich brown loam--if allowed to sow its seed, a
-number of young plants will soon appear, which will flower the next
-year; this mode, however, of propagating it, is by no means certain,
-and therefore, in order to obtain it true, it is better to divide
-the roots, which may be done in spring; numerous and very beautiful
-varieties are constantly raised from seed. Amongst the most desirable
-distinct species are
-
-  D. Aconiti.
-  -- cheilanthum.
-  -- macranthon.
-  -- alpinum.
-  -- azureum.
-  pallidum.
-  pictum.
-  Menziesii.
-  montanum.
-  ucranicum.
-
- Pl. 27.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 28._ _Lilium concolor._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-LILIUM Concolor.
-
-_Self-coloured Chinese Lily._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Lilium Concolor. _Par. Lond._ _tab._ 47.
-
--- Lilium Concolor. _Curt. Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 1165.
-
- Root bulbous, squamose--stem erect, leafy, two feet high or
- more--leaves alternate, nerved, sessile, linear lanceolate--peduncles
- axillary, one flowered--corolla bright scarlet, tube short--petals
- six, lanceolate, recurved when the flower is fully expanded--stamens
- six, shorter than the petals--filaments erect, anthers oblong, germen
- green, style thick, as if composed of three parts, stigma trifid.
-
-
-This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus Lilium. It is
-rare, perhaps from the difficulty that attends its cultivation, the
-bulbs being extremely liable to be lost in the winter from severe
-frosts or damp; it is a native of China, and was introduced into this
-country in the year 1806. A sheltered situation, and light rich soil,
-mixed with bog, are necessary for it, and it is increased by off-sets,
-which are produced in tolerable abundance. All the species of Lilium
-are desirable for a flower garden.
-
-  L. japonicum.
-  -- candidum.
-  -- bulbiferum.
-  -- aurantiacum.
-  -- Catesbœi.
-  -- philadelphicum.
-  -- canadense.
-  -- superbum.
-  -- chalcedonicum.
-  pyrenaicum.
-  pomponium.
-  carolinianum.
-  tigrinum.
-  pumilum.
-  longiflorum.
-  spectabile.
-  croceum.
-  prœcox.
-
- Pl. 28.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 29._ _Penstemon ovatus._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-PENSTEMON Ovatus.
-
-_Ovate-leaved Penstemon._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
-
-Syn. Penstemon ovatus. _Curt. Bot. Mag. N. S._ _pl._ 2903.
-
- Root fibrous, stem erect, two or three feet high--cauline leaves
- sessile, amplexicaul at the base, cordate, margins dentate, becoming
- smaller and entire as they approach the summit--radical leaves,
- large, ovate, dentate, on long channelled petioles--flowers in
- fascicles, which are axillary--calyx five segments, equal, lanceolate
- acute--corolla bilabiate, tube purple, lip bright blue, upper lip
- erect, divided into two segments, three lower reflexed--throat
- hairy--stamens four, two long, and two short, curved--one barren
- filament, with an acute claw at the base, apex hairy, style
- recurved--leaves, when young, of a beautiful purple on the under side.
-
-
-Great additions have lately been made to this genus, by Mr. Douglas,
-who has discovered many new and valuable plants in North America, among
-which is the species figured. According to the Bot. Mag. pl. 2903, N.
-S. it was found by him "growing plentifully among the limestone rocks
-on the high mountains about the grand rapids of the Columbia river,
-at the distance of 140 miles from the ocean," and sent to the Hort.
-Soc. in 1826; it likes a light loam and sheltered situation, and may
-be increased by seeds or parting the roots. When well grown it is a
-very beautiful and elegant plant, and a great acquisition to the flower
-garden. As we are yet scarcely aware how it may bear the cold of our
-winters, it will be desirable to protect it from severe frosts. The
-genus can now boast of many new and beautiful species,
-
-  P. speciosum.
-  -- glandulosum.
-  -- prunosum.
-  -- roseum.
-  -- pulchellum.
-  -- campanulatum.
-  -- confertum.
-  Richardsonii.
-  procerum.
-  glaucum.
-  venustum.
-  angustifolium.
-  digitalis.
-
- Pl. 29.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 30._ _Geum Quellyon._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-GEUM Quellyon.
-
-_Chili Avens._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--ICOSANDRIA POLYGNIA.
-
-Syn. Geum Quellyon. _Sweet's B. F. G._ _p._ 292.
-
--- Geum Coccinium. _Bot. Reg._ 1088.
-
- Root fibrous--radical leaves growing in a tuft, large, lobed,
- lyrate, interruptedly pinnate, terminal leaflet cordate, margin
- dentate; side leaflets numerous, sessile, becoming smaller to the
- base--cauline leaves sessile, pinnatifed--flowers stem radical,
- erect, branching--stipules ovate, acute--peduncles leafy--flowers
- terminal--calyx five segments, reflexed, acute--petals five, bright
- scarlet, nearly round, emarginate, obtuse--stamens numerous--radiated
- filaments inserted in the tube of the calyx, anthers yellow, styles
- many, germen superior--whole plant hairy.
-
-
-This beautiful plant is a very valuable acquisition to our flower
-borders, from the brilliancy of its colour, and affording a continued
-succession of flowers. Mr. Sweet, and some of the Continental Botanists
-consider the specific name "Coccineum," which has been applied to it,
-as confusing it with the plant known by that name in the "Flora Græca,"
-which, it is supposed, has never been introduced into this country,
-it appears of much lower growth than the one now figured, with orange
-flowers, and the terminal leaflet a great deal larger. The species
-before us is a native of Chili, where it is called "Quellyon" by the
-inhabitants, who use the root for medicinal purposes. It is a plant of
-easy cultivation, growing in any common garden soil, and is readily
-increased by seeds or parting the roots; introduced into this country
-about the year 1826. There are only two other species worth attention
-for the flower garden.
-
-  G. montanum.
-  -- atlanticum.
-
- Pl. 30.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 31._ _Verbena chamædryfolia._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-VERBENA Chamædryfolia.
-
-_Scarlet flowered Vervain._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERNIA.
-
-Syn. Verbena chamædryfolia. _Persoon's Syn._ _vol._ 2. _p._ 138.
-
--- Verbena chamædryfolia. _Sweet's B. F. G. 2d series_, _p._ 9.
-
--- Verbena melindres. _Bot. Reg._ _pl._ 1184.
-
- Root fibrous, stem prostrate, branching--leaves opposite, sessile,
- oblong, ovate, margins deeply serrate, hairy on both sides--flowers
- terminal, corymbose--calyx campanulate, five cleft--corolla very
- bright crimson, tubular, limb spreading, five segments, obtuse
- emarginate--throat white, hairy--stamens four, two long, two short,
- inserted in the tube of the corolla--anthers two lobed, style one,
- smooth, stigma bifid, germen smooth.
-
-
-The unrivalled brilliancy of the colour of this beautiful species of
-Verbena, renders it a most ornamental plant for the front of the flower
-borders, and when grown in large patches it is almost impossible to
-give an idea of the dazzling splendour of its appearance; it is a plant
-of the easiest cultivation, and if allowed to grow according to its
-natural habit, which is prostrate, it will propagate itself by the
-radicles which are produced at the different joints, and by this means
-will attach itself to the ground; the plants thus rooted may be removed
-any time. A brown loamy soil, a good deal of moisture, and a sheltered
-situation are necessary, and as it is doubtful how it may bear the
-severity of our winters, it is the safest method to keep some plants in
-a frame, during severe frosts, which will flower early in the ensuing
-spring. It is a native of Paraguay and Buenos Ayres, and was introduced
-into this country about 1827. There are only two other species worth
-cultivating in the flower garden.
-
-  V. aubletia.
-  -- pulchella.
-
- Pl. 31.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 32._ _Linum Narbonense._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-LINUM Narbonense.
-
-_Narbonne Flax._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Linum Narbonense. _Persoon's Syn._ _vol._ 1. _p._ 334.
-
- Root fibrous,--stem branching,--leaves sessile, alternate,
- linear acute, smooth, glaucous,--flowers terminal on moderate
- peduncles,--calyx five segments, linear acute,--corolla bright blue,
- beautifully vein'd, with a darker shade,--petals five, obovate,
- margins slightly undulate,--stamens five, anthers oblong, filaments
- united at the base, surrounding the germen, which is crowned by five
- thread-like styles.
-
-
-This is perhaps the finest and most beautiful species of Linum, and
-bears the largest flowers of any of the hardy kinds. It is a very
-desirable garden plant, continuing long in bloom, and forming a
-pleasing variety from its glaucous foilage. It is a native of Spain,
-Italy, and the south of France, and was introduced into this country
-about the year 1759; though we are not aware that any figure of it
-has before been given. This species may be raised from seed, which
-is produced in abundance; if sown in light rich soil, and protected
-through the winter, the young plants will flower the following
-summer, and attain the height of eighteen inches or two feet when
-in perfection. It is very hardy--this genus does not afford many
-ornamental species for a flower garden, the most desirable are,
-
-  L. perenne.
-  -- alpina.
-  -- flavum.
-
- Pl. 32.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 41._ _Tigridia conchiflora._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-TIGRIDIA Conchiflora.
-
-_Yellow-flowered Tigridia._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Tigridia Conchiflora. _Sweet's B. F. G._ _t._ 128.
-
- Root bulbous--stem radical, angular--leaves alternate, broadly
- lanceolate, plicate, inflated at the base, dark green, two sheathing
- spathes at the base of the corolla, ovate, lanceolate--corolla
- bright orange, slightly tinted with a redder shade on the margin of
- the petals, base spotted with dark crimson--petals six, three outer
- petals broadly ovate, acute, base concave, three inner ones smaller,
- panduriform--stamens three--filaments united--anthers oblong--style
- longer than the stamens--stigma divided into three parts, each bifid.
-
-
-This is one of the most splendid plants which has been introduced into
-this country. It is a native of Mexico, and was brought thence by
-Mr. Bullock, in 1824. On its first flowering here, it was considered
-a variety only of T. pavonia, but upon careful examination they
-appeared to be perfectly distinct. This is satisfactorily proved by
-Mr. Sweet, in his B. F. G. p. 128. The bulbs may be planted early in
-the spring in light sandy soil, and placed in a green-house or frame,
-as it facilitates their flowering: when the weather permits, the roots
-should be taken out of the pots and put into the open air, in a warm
-sheltered situation, where they will make a brilliant appearance for a
-considerable time--when they have done flowering, the roots require to
-be taken up and kept dry during the winter. The only species with which
-we are yet acquainted, besides the one figured, is T. pavonia.
-
- Pl. 41.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 42._ _Colchicum Byzantinum._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-COLCHICUM Byzantinum.
-
-_Broad-leaved Meadow Saffron._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Colchicum byzantinum. _Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 1122.
-
--- Colchicum byzantinum. _Sweet's Hort. Brit._ _p._ 539.
-
- Root bulbous, very large--scape radical, many flowered--corolla lilac
- pink--tube long, petals six, ob-ovate, spreading, strongly nerved
- at the back of each petal, tipped with a deeper color--stamens six,
- three longer than the others--filaments inserted in the base of
- the petals--anthers bright yellow--styles three, longer than the
- stamens--leaves radical, very large, broadly lanceolate, plicate,
- smooth, appearing after the flowers decay.
-
-
-There cannot be a greater ornament to the flower garden in the autumnal
-months than the C. byzantinum, which is the finest species of the
-genus. We learn from the Bot. Mag. that, in 1598, bulbs of this plant
-were received by Clusius, at Vienna, from Constantinople, but it was
-not until 1629 that it was introduced into this country. It is a native
-of the Levant, and is perfectly hardy, not requiring any particular
-mode of treatment, except being planted in a light soil, mixed with
-bog. The flowers appear about September, but the leaves, which are
-the largest of any of the species, do not arrive at maturity until
-the following spring. The C. autumnale is famed for its medicinal
-properties. This is not a numerous genus; the most desirable species are
-
-  C. crociflorum.
-  -- autumnale.
-  -- var. white.
-  -- variegatum.
-
- Pl. 42.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 43._ _Helianthus atrorubens._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-HELIANTHUS Atrorubens.
-
-_Dark-eyed Sunflower._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUSTRANIA.
-
-Syn. Helianthus atrorubens. _Pursh Flo. N. A._ _vol._ 2, _p._ 573.
-
--- Helianthus atrorubens. _Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 2668.
-
- Root fibrous--stem tall, erect, branching--radical leaves very large,
- broadly lanceolate, margins dentate, nerved, of a dark green--cauline
- leaves sessile, opposite, ovate lanceolate, dentate acute--calyx
- many segments imbricate, acute--corolla dark bright yellow--radiated
- florets, barren dentate--florets of the disk fertile--whole plant
- rugose.
-
-
-This is perhaps one of the most desirable species of the genus
-Helianthus, from the brilliancy of the colour and its moderate growth.
-It makes a striking appearance when planted at the back of the flower
-borders, and will continue in beauty to a late period in the autumn.
-According to Pursh it is found in the "western parts of Pennsylvania,"
-and was introduced into this country in 1732. It will grow well in any
-good garden soil, and may be increased by parting the roots. There are
-not many species of this genus suitable for a flower garden, as they
-grow to such a large size, and take up so much room: the best are
-
-  H. mollis.
-  -- multiflorus.
-  -- diffusus.
-
- Pl. 43.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 44._ _Lupinus mutabilis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-LUPINUS Mutabilis.
-
-_Changeable-flowered Lupin._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
-
-Syn. Lupinus mutabilis. _Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 2682.
-
--- Lupinus mutabilis. _Sweet's B. F. G._ _vol._ 2, _p._ 130.
-
- Root fibrous--stem suffruticose, branching, smooth--leaves on long
- petioles, digitate; leaflets (generally nine) oblong, mucronate--spike
- lateral--flowers verticillate, on short pedicels, white, changing to
- a beautiful purple as decay approaches--calyx two segments; upper
- segment erect, emarginate; lower one acute--vexillum nearly round,
- sides reflexed, yellow at the base--alæ broad obtuse--carina acute,
- enclosing the parts of fructification--stamens ten--filaments united
- at the base, concealing the germen--style a little longer than the
- stamens--stigma very small--legumen broad, margin deeply undulate,
- containing generally three white smooth seeds.
-
-
-The genus Lupinus is now become very interesting, from the numerous
-fine species that have lately been introduced; none can exceed in
-beauty the one here figured, which possesses a peculiar attraction from
-its flowers being most beautiful when in a state of decay. According
-to the Bot. Mag. p. 2682, it was "raised from seeds received by Mr.
-Barclay, from Bogota, in Columbia, and communicated in flower in August
-1826." There is no doubt it will soon be generally cultivated, as it
-bears seeds in abundance, which may be sown in good rich soil in the
-open ground, and the plants thus reared will flower abundantly during
-the summer months, and continue in beauty till destroyed by frost. It
-is yet uncertain whether this species be more than annual. Amongst the
-finest of this genus are
-
-  L. polyphyllus.
-  -- canaliculatus.
-  -- versicolor.
-  -- bicolor.
-  -- leucophyllus.
-  -- nootkatensis.
-  -- perennis.
-  -- lepidus.
-
- Pl. 44.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 45._ _Papaver nudicaule._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-PAPAVER Nudicaule.
-
-_Naked-stalked Poppy._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Papaver nudicaule. _Hort. Kew._ _vol._ 3. _p._ 289.
-
--- Papaver nudicaule. _Bot. Mag._ _pl._ 1633.
-
- Root fibrous--leaves radical, clustered, on long channelled
- petioles, pinnatifid, hairy--stem radical, naked, erect when
- the flower expands, hairy--flower terminal--calyx two segments,
- concave, deciduous--corolla very pale yellow--petals four spreading,
- orbicular, margins crenate--stamens numerous, inserted into the
- receptacle--anthers dark yellow--style cylindrical--stigma stellate.
-
-
-Though this species of Papaver cannot boast of brilliancy of colour, it
-is nevertheless a very lovely plant from its delicacy and simplicity;
-and, from the continued succession of flowers, it will be found an
-ornamental plant to our gardens. According to the Hort. Kew. p. 289,
-"it is a native of Norway and Siberia, and was cultivated in 1730 by
-Dr. James Sherard." Numerous beautiful varieties have been raised from
-seed, which make a very gay appearance all through the summer and
-autumn, until checked by frost: these are quite hardy, and will grow in
-any light rich soil. The most ornamental species are
-
-  P. bracteatum.
-  -- alpinum.
-  -- crocea.
-  rubro-aurantiacum.
-  orientale.
-
- Pl. 45.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 46._ _Gladiolus Cardinalis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-GLADIOLUS Cardinalis.
-
-_Superb Corn-flag._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Gladiolus Cardinalis. _Bot. Mag._ _t._ 135.
-
- Root bulbous--leaves radical, embracing the stem at the base,
- linear, lanceolate, striate--scape sometimes two feet in height,
- drooping, many-flowered--calyx two sheath-like segments, lanceolate,
- acute--corolla bright scarlet, monopetalous, campanulate, tube long,
- limb six segments, irregular, oblong, ovate, margins undulate; three
- smaller segments beautifully marked with a white stripe on the centre
- of each--stamens three--filaments long, inserted in the tube of the
- corolla--anthers oblong--style longer than the stamens--stigma divided
- into three parts.
-
-
-It is almost impossible to give an adequate representation of the
-brilliant colour of this beautiful species of Gladiolus, which was
-introduced into this country from Holland, about the year 1789, by the
-gardener to the King of Naples: though generally considered a tender
-plant, it will be found to grow well out of doors, in a southern aspect
-and sheltered situation, only requiring protection in the winter to
-keep the roots from severe frosts. Many of the bulbs from the Cape of
-Good Hope, of which place this is a native, may be grown well with care
-and attention in the open air, and make a beautiful addition to the
-flower garden in the summer months. The bulbs should be planted six or
-eight inches deep in a rich sandy soil, in a south aspect, where they
-will grow strong and flower freely. The hardiest species are
-
-  G. tristis.
-  -- byzantinus.
-  -- communis.
-  -- carneus.
-  -- segetum.
-
- Pl. 46.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 47._ _Commelina cœlestis._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-COMMELINA Cœlestis.
-
-_Sky-blue Commelina._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Commelina Cœlestis. _Sweet's B. F. G._ _t._ 3.
-
--- Commelina Cœlestis. _Rœmer et Schultz, sys. veg. v._ 1. _p._ 533.
-
--- Commelina Cœlestis. _Wild Enumer_, _vol._ 1. _p._ 61.
-
- Root tuberous, fasciculated, fusiform--stem erect, branching--leaves
- smooth, ovate, lanceolate, striate, margins undulate, base concave,
- sheathing the stem, fringed on one side with a line of hairs--peduncle
- pubescent--flower terminal--involucrum cordate, acute, enclosing two
- or more flowers--pedicel smooth, very short--calyx three segments,
- alternate with the petals--corolla bright blue--petals three,
- equal, ovate, margins undulate--nectaries three, erect--stamens
- three--filaments recurved--anthers sagittate--style longer than the
- stamens--stigma very small.
-
-
-Though this plant is frequently confused with C. tuberosa it is
-proved to be decidedly distinct, Mr. Sweet having obligingly informed
-the author that he has carefully compared the two species, and thus
-confirmed the opinions of Rœmer et Schultz, and other botanists on
-the Continent, where the distinction is now generally adopted. This
-species, which has a larger and lighter coloured flower, longer and
-narrower leaves, than C. tuberosa, is a native of Mexico, and was
-introduced into this country in 1813: it has been generally treated
-as a green-house plant, but it will grow perfectly well in the open
-air, though from the fleshy nature of the roots it is necessary to
-take them up in winter, and treat them in the same manner as Dahlias.
-C. crassifolia is the only species besides the two above mentioned,
-suitable for the flower garden.
-
- Pl. 47.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: _Plate 48._ _Sternbergia lutea._
-_Drawn from Nature by M.R._ _Engraved by R. Havell Jun^{r.}_]
-
-
-STERNBERGIA Lutea.
-
-_Yellow Sternbergia._
-
-
-_Class and Order._--HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
-
-Syn. Sternbergia Lutea. _Sweet's Hort. Brit._ _p._ 505.
-
--- Amaryllis Lutea. _Bot. Mag._ _t._ 290.
-
- Root bulbous--leaves radical, broadly linear, channelled, obtuse, dark
- green, lighter underneath--scape one-flowered, seven or eight inches
- high--spathe ovate, lanceolate--corolla yellow--six petals, oblong,
- obtuse, margin entire--stamens six--filaments inserted at the base of
- the petals--anthers oblong--style one--stigma very small--germen large.
-
-
-This plant, formerly known as Amaryllis lutea, is a native of the South
-of Europe, and various parts of the East. Though introduced into this
-country as early as 1596, it is by no means common. When planted in the
-front of the borders it is very ornamental, particularly when exposed
-to a bright sun, which causes the flowers to expand. It has acquired
-a more interesting character, from the supposition entertained by the
-late Sir J. E. Smith, that it may possibly be the Lily of Scripture, to
-which we find such beautiful allusions in the Sacred writings. Sir J.
-E. S. observes, "It is natural to presume the Divine Teacher, according
-to his usual custom, called the attention of his hearers to some
-object at hand; and, as the fields of the Levant are overrun with the
-Amaryllis lutea, whose golden liliaceous flowers in Autumn afford one
-of the most brilliant and gorgeous objects in nature, the expression of
-'Solomon, in all his glory, not being arrayed like one of these,' is
-peculiarly appropriate." It is a plant of easy cultivation, perfectly
-hardy, and will grow in any good garden soil. At present there are few
-species of this genus.
-
-  S. colchiciflora.
-  -- Clusiana.
-
- Pl. 48.
-
-
-
-
-  Transcriber's Notes:
-
-  Italics are shown thus: _sloping_.
-
-  Small capitals have been capitalised.
-
-  Variations in spelling and hyphenation are retained.
-
-  Punctuation has been retained as published.
-
-  The order of the plates are as presented in the original publication.
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE
-SEASONS ***
-
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-
-<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Floral Illustrations of the Seasons, by M. Roscoe</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<table style='min-width:0; padding:0; margin-left:0; border-collapse:collapse'>
-  <tr><td>Title:</td><td>Floral Illustrations of the Seasons</td></tr>
-  <tr><td></td><td>Consisting of the Most Beautiful, Hardy and Rare Herbaceous Plants, Cultivated in the Flower Garden</td></tr>
-</table>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: M. Roscoe</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Illustrator: M. Roscoe</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Engraver: R. Havell</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: April 30, 2021 [eBook #65196]</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Turgut Dincer, Alan and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div>
-
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SEASONS ***</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/cover.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig1.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-<h1>
-<span class="fancy1 xlarge">FLORAL,</span><br />
-
-<span class="fancy">Illustrations of the</span><br />
-
-<span class="fancy1 xlarge">SEASONS,</span></h1>
-
-<p class="c fancy xxxlarge">Consisting of</p>
-
-<p class="c oldeng xxlarge">The Most Beautiful, Hardy and Rare</p>
-
-<p class="c fancy1 xlarge">HERBACEOUS PLANTS,</p>
-
-<p class="c fancy xxxlarge">Cultivated in the Flower Garden,</p>
-
-<p class="c"><i>from</i> <span class="smcap">Drawings</span> <i>by</i></p>
-
-<p class="c fancy1 xlarge">M<sup><span class="half">rs</span></sup>. EDWARD ROSCOE,</p>
-
-<p class="c fancy xxxlarge">Liverpool,</p>
-
-<p class="c fancy1 large"><span class="smcap">Engraved by R. Havell, Jun<sup><span class="half">r</span></sup>.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c oldeng xxlarge">London,</p>
-
-<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Published by Rob<sup>t</sup>. Havell, Jun<sup>r</sup>. 77, Oxford Street</span>,</p>
-
-<p class="c more"><i>AND</i></p>
-
-<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Baldwin &amp; Cradock, Paternoster Row</span>.</p>
-
-<p class="c fancy1 large">1831.
-</p>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p class="ph2 nobreak gesperrt">TO WILLIAM ROSCOE, ESQ., F. L. S.,</p>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>&amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.</i></p>
-
-
-<p class="l">
-<span class="smcap">My dear Sir</span>,
-</p>
-
-<p>In dedicating this Work to you, I am not presumptuous
-enough to believe that I can offer anything novel in a botanical
-point of view, though I am sure you are too generous a patron of
-the science to discourage any effort, however feeble, which has for
-its object the diffusion of a taste for such pursuits: my motives,
-however, are not of this nature; I would offer it to you as a mark
-of respect and affection, but more particularly of gratitude, for the
-warm attachment you have ever evinced towards me, which has
-contributed so much to the happiness of my life. With these sentiments,
-allow me to subscribe myself,</p>
-
-<p class="r">
-Your affectionate Daughter,</p>
-<p class="right">
-M. R.</p>
-<p class="l">
-<span class="smcap">Toxteth Park</span>,</p>
-<p class="l2">
-<i>March</i>, 1829.
-</p>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="nobreak gesperrt">PREFACE.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="dbl x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<p>The present state of botanical knowledge renders it impossible for the
-Author of this Work to indulge in a hope, that she can add anything to the
-learning and research which distinguish the science: as a humble follower
-of those who have added so much to our information on these subjects, she
-would walk in their delightful paths, and gather some of those objects of
-beauty which lie scattered around her. To endeavour to place them in an
-attractive form&mdash;to attach to them useful and accurate information&mdash;has
-been her pleasing task; and she will be amply rewarded if she should be
-the means of affording any encouragement, particularly among her own
-sex, to a taste for botanical pursuits. One of our greatest philosophers has
-declared a "Garden to be among the purest of human pleasures"; and if
-we look for a still higher sanction&mdash;we have the divine command to</p>
-
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse indent0">"Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow."</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>There is no pursuit which fills the mind with more noble and exalted
-sentiments than the study of these works of Nature:&mdash;wherever we turn
-our attention, we shall discover in them ample lessons of instruction and
-delight; in the structure of every plant, we shall find the most exact
-symmetry, and the most perfect contrivance&mdash;and the more minutely we
-examine, the more decided traces we discern of that Power</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse indent0">"Who planned, and built, and still upholds a world</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">So clothed with beauty."</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>The gratification to be derived from such pursuits, is heightened by considerations
-like these, and their utility and value are rendered still more
-evident. To use the language of the late excellent and distinguished <span class="smcap">Sir
-James E. Smith</span>, "Is it not desirable to call the soul from the feverish
-agitation of worldly pursuits, to the contemplation of divine wisdom in the
-beautiful economy of Nature? Is it not a privilege to walk with God in the
-garden of creation, and hold converse with his providence? If such elevated
-feelings do not lead to the study of Nature, it cannot be far pursued without
-rewarding the student by exciting them."</p>
-
-<p>In the arrangement of this Work, the Author has aimed at some degree
-of novelty in the design, as well as of utility in the information. To her
-own sex, to whose particular notice she offers it, she trusts it may prove a
-useful and correct guide to their tastes, both in their selection for a flower
-garden, and as objects for their pencil. She has chosen those plants most
-remarkable for their beauty, and general adaptation to our borders&mdash;and,
-in order to render the Work more complete, she has added to every genus
-those species most desirable for cultivation.</p>
-
-<p>The Author cannot conclude, without expressing her obligations for the
-assistance afforded her by her friend <span class="smcap">Mr. Shepherd</span>, Curator of the Botanic
-Garden, Liverpool; and her thanks are particularly due to his able and
-intelligent coadjutor, <span class="smcap">Mr. Henry Shepherd</span>, F.L.S.</p>
-
-<p class="l">
-<span class="smcap">Toxteth Park</span>,</p>
-
-<p class="l2">
-<i>March,</i> 1829.
-</p>
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="nobreak gesperrt">SPRING.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig2.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse indent2">"&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;Bright with dew,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">And in a mingled wilderness of flowers,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Fair-handed Spring unbosoms every grace;</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">With hues on hues expression cannot paint</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">The breath of Nature, and her endless bloom."</div>
-<div class="verse indent3"><i>Thomson's Seasons.</i></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig3big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig3.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 1.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Crocus.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">CROCUS</em> mæsiacus.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Common Yellow Crocus.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Triandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>p.</i> 1111.</p>
-
-<p class="c">Crocus langeæflorus. <i>Salisbury Par. Lon.</i> <i>vol.</i> ii., <i>tab.</i> 106.</p>
-
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Bulb small&mdash;leaves numerous, radical, linear, lanceolate&mdash;flower enclosed with
-the leaves in a membranous sheath&mdash;-corolla yellow, divided into six
-oval-shaped petals, the three outer divisions beautifully marked with
-green&mdash;stamens three&mdash;filaments short&mdash;anthers sagittate&mdash;style one&mdash;stigma
-divided into three parts.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The species here figured is the earliest and best known in our
-gardens. It was introduced into this country in the year 1629, and
-derives its specific denomination from the ancient name of that part
-of Europe where it abounds in a wild state. Numerous varieties of
-the genus are constantly raised from seed, but the number of distinct
-species do not exceed ten or twelve. The cultivation of these plants
-is attended with no difficulty whatever: they will grow in any soil
-or situation; and the C. mæsiacus increases so rapidly as to require
-frequent parting. The different varieties make a beautiful display in
-the months of February and March, if placed in alternate patches in
-the flower border, and produce a brilliant effect when expanded by the
-warmth of the sun. The most desirable for a flower garden are the
-following species and their varieties:&mdash;</p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Crocus vernus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Crocus susianus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;   versicolor.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;   sulphureus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;   nudiflorus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;   sativus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;   biflorus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;   autumnalis.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 1.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig5big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig5.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 2.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Hepatica Triloba.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">HEPATICA</em> triloba.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Common Blue Hepatica.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Polygynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Hepatica triloba. <i>Pursh, N. A. F.</i>, <i>vol.</i> ii., <i>p.</i> 391.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;leaves radical, three-lobed, on long petioles&mdash;stem simple,
-erect, pubescent&mdash;one-flowered calyx of three leaves&mdash;corolla blue&mdash;six
-petals, oval-shaped&mdash;stamens numerous, fixed to the receptacle&mdash;styles
-many&mdash;stigmas obtuse.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The blue variety of the Hepatica triloba, which blooms about
-March, is one of our most beautiful Spring flowers, and is more readily
-cultivated than any of the other kinds. According to Pursh, "It is a
-native of Canada, and is found in woods, and on the sides of fertile
-and rocky hills." The double variety of this plant is less common in
-our gardens, and the single white variety is rare. These plants like
-a loamy soil, and eastern exposure&mdash;and should be removed when they
-are in blossom. The roots do not bear to be often separated; and
-if divided into small pieces are frequently lost: but if left undisturbed
-in a congenial situation, they will attain great luxuriance. Miller
-says the single varieties are easily propagated by seed; but our
-more modern gardeners do not coincide in this opinion. The new
-leaves do not appear until after the flowers, though occasionally those
-of the preceding year retain their freshness, as in the figure here
-given. All the Hepaticas are ornamental.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Double blue.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Double pink.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Single pink.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Single white.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 2.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig6big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig6.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 3.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Scilla Bifolia.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">SCILLA</em> bifolia.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Two-leaved Squill.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Scilla bifolia. <i>Eng. Fl.</i>, <i>vol.</i> ii., <i>p.</i> 146.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Bulb oblong, oval&mdash;leaves two, radical, opposite, linear, lanceolate, about five
-or six inches long&mdash;peduncles short&mdash;corolla bright blue&mdash;petals six,
-oblong, spreading in the form of a star&mdash;stamens six, shorter than the
-petals&mdash;germen superior&mdash;styles short.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This beautiful plant is a native of the West of England, though
-rarely found. It likes a light soil, and should be grown in large
-patches, when it forms one of the greatest ornaments to our gardens
-in the month of March. The white variety also flowers about the
-same time, and forms a striking and beautiful contrast if placed
-alternately in the flower border. It is increased by offsets, which
-may be removed when the leaves decay. If this plant be covered with
-a hand-glass, when coming into bloom, it will expand more fully, and
-preserve the brilliancy of its colour. The Scilla maritima possesses
-peculiar medicinal properties. The most beautiful species are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Scilla amæna.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Scilla Italica.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;   Siberica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;   Peruviana.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;   Verna.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;   præcox.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 3.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig7big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig7.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 4.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Narcissus Moschatus.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">NARCISSUS</em> Moschatus.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Spanish Daffodil.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Narcissus Moschatus. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>p.</i> 1300.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous&mdash;leaves radical, linear&mdash;twisted, glaucous&mdash;stem simple, erect&mdash;flowers
-solitary, issuing from a sheath, lanceolate&mdash;corolla cream
-colour, consisting of a tubular nectary, with a laciniated mouth, surrounded
-by six long tortuose petals&mdash;stamens six&mdash;pistil one, enclosed
-in the tube.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This plant is one of the least common and most beautiful of the
-genus, and is remarkable for the peculiar delicacy of its colour. It is
-a native of Spain, and was introduced into this country about the year
-1759. It requires a light rich soil; and, like all other bulbs, ought
-only to be removed when the leaves decay. The plant grows from
-twelve to sixteen inches high, and flowers in April. The genus
-Narcissus is a very numerous and beautiful one, and affords a
-delightful variety. Some of the most ornamental are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">N. bulbocodium.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">N. triandrus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; poeticus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; tenuifolius.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; angustifolius.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; incomparibilis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; biflorus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; bicolor.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; odorus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; minor.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; tenuior.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 4.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig8big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig8.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 5.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Erythronium Dens Canis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ERYTHRONIUM</em> dens canis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Common Dog's-tooth Violet.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Erythronium dens canis. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>p.</i> 5.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous, oblong&mdash;leaves radical, broad, lanceolate, somewhat undulate,
-marked with brown&mdash;stem naked, erect&mdash;flowers solitary, drooping&mdash;corolla
-campanulate, composed of six equal oval-shaped petals, of a
-lilac hue, inclining to pink&mdash;stamens six, terminated by oblong purple
-anthers&mdash;germen superior&mdash;style longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma
-divided into three parts. When the flowers are fully expanded the
-petals are reflexed. The white variety differs only in the colour of
-the flower.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>There are few plants more desirable for a flower garden than the
-Erythronium dens canis, and its white variety; and none contribute
-more to the beauty of our borders in the month of March, or beginning
-of April. It is a native of Hungary, and some parts of Italy, and was
-introduced into this country in the year 1596. These plants like a
-light soil, mixed with bog, and are propagated by offsets, which may
-be removed any time after the leaves decay; but the roots should
-not be kept long out of the ground, as they are liable to shrink.
-Miller mentions two species of the lilac Erythronium; but his distinctions,
-founded only on the breadth of the leaves, and colour of
-the flower, would not be sufficient to form a different species. It is,
-however, worthy of remark, that the leaves of those bulbs which do
-not bear flowers, are broader and rounder than the others. There are
-two other species, mentioned by Pursh, in his "Flora of North America,"
-vol. i. p. 230, both bearing yellow flowers, one of which is
-occasionally seen in our gardens.&mdash;Erythronium Americanum.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 5.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig9big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig9.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 6.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Adonis Vernalis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ADONIS</em> vernalis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Perennial Adonis.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Polygynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Adonis vernalis. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>p.</i> 134.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem branching, growing to the height of ten or twelve inches&mdash;leaves
-pinnate, pinnatified&mdash;calyx five segments, deciduous&mdash;flowers
-terminal&mdash;corolla yellow, composed of twelve or fourteen oval-shaped
-petals&mdash;stamens numerous&mdash;styles many&mdash;germen superior.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Though this plant has been long known in our gardens, having
-been introduced in the year 1629, it is by no means common. It
-is found wild on the mountains of Switzerland, and in different parts
-of Austria. It likes a rich loamy soil, and is increased by parting the
-roots; but to have it in perfection it should be grown in large patches,
-and seldom divided, when it makes a beautiful appearance in the flower
-garden in the months of March or April. In its native country, this
-plant does not exceed four inches in height, and the flowers are of a
-much more brilliant colour. There are two other species of Adonis,
-but they are seldom met with.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">A. autumnalis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; flammea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 6.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig10big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig10.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 7.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Primula Auricula.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">PRIMULA</em> auricula.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Auricula.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Primula auricula. <i>Jacquin Flo. Aus.</i> 5, <i>t.</i> 415?</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;leaves radical, ovate, dentate&mdash;base entire&mdash;stem simple,
-radical&mdash;flower terminal, corymbose&mdash;calyx five segments&mdash;corolla
-monopetalous, cream colour, slightly tinged with yellow, five segments,
-emarginate&mdash;stamens five&mdash;pistil one.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This plant is a native of Switzerland, and was introduced into
-this country about the year 1596. It is the parent of all the beautiful
-varieties of Auricula, which are now cultivated in our gardens. It
-grows low, and, like many of the genus, is suitable and ornamental
-for rock work. The Primulas flourish most in a mixture of loam,
-decayed leaves, and bog earth, and, like all Alpine plants, require a
-pure atmosphere. The leaves of this species are apt to vary in form,
-the margins occasionally being entire. Some of the most beautiful
-are the following:&mdash;</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Primula nivalis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Primula villosa.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;    cortusoides.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;  farinosa.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;   helvetica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;  Scotica.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;     decora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;    Pallasii.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;    integrifolia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash;&mdash;    minima.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;    marginata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 7.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig11big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig11.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 8.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Sanguinaria Grandiflora.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="SANGUINARIA_grandiflora"><em class="gesperrt">SANGUINARIA</em> grandiflora.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Large-flowered Bloodwort.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. <i>Lyon's MSS.</i></p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous, knobbed&mdash;leaves radical, lobed&mdash;lobes laciniated, light green,
-under surface reddish purple&mdash;veins red&mdash;enclosing the infant blossom,
-which gradually emerges from its folds&mdash;flower stem simple, erect,
-about six or eight inches in height&mdash;calyx two segments, convex,
-deciduous&mdash;corolla white&mdash;petals eight, oblong, obtuse&mdash;stamens many&mdash;style
-very short&mdash;germen superior, terminated by a stigma divided
-into two parts.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This beautiful species, which is much larger than the Sanguinaria
-Canadensis, was introduced into this country about the year 1812, by
-the late Mr. John Lyon, with several other valuable plants, collected
-by him in different parts of North America. It takes its name from
-the root, which, when broken, emits a red juice resembling blood, with
-which the Indians are said to paint themselves. Its blossoms are
-transient, and, like many other Spring flowers, require the warmth of
-the sun to expand them. It grows best in bog soil and a sheltered
-situation, and may be increased by parting its roots, which should be
-done in the Autumn, to prevent any check to its flowering in the
-following March or April. There is only another species, the S.
-Canadensis, above alluded to.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 8.</p>
-</div>
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="nobreak gesperrt">SUMMER.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig2.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse indent0">Hail, gentle Summer! every mead</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">With thy fair robe of beauty spread</div>
-<div class="verse indent2">To thee that beauty owes;</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">The smiling flowers with joy declare,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">And loudly tell to Reason's ear,</div>
-<div class="verse indent2">Whence all that beauty flows.</div>
-<div class="verse indent4"><i>Fawkes.</i></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig12big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig12.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 17.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Pæonia Tenuifolia.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">PÆONIA</em> tenuifolia.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Fine-leaved Pæony.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Trigynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Pæonia tenuifolia. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>pl.</i> 926.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;stem erect, branching, growing to the height of one foot, or
-more&mdash;leaves numerous, biternate, linear&mdash;calyx five segments&mdash;flowers
-terminal&mdash;corolla deep scarlet&mdash;eight petals, orbicular, undulate&mdash;stamens
-many&mdash;anthers bright yellow&mdash;styles three&mdash;germen
-superior.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>Though this beautiful plant has been so long known in our
-gardens, being introduced in the year 1756, it seldom grows luxuriantly,
-which perhaps may be accounted for by the liability of the roots to
-decay in cold wet soils. It is a native of Siberia, flowers in May, and
-makes a brilliant appearance when grown in large patches. The
-Pæonias grow best in a rich loamy soil, and may be increased by
-parting the roots, or by seed; by the latter means several most beautiful
-varieties have been raised of the Pæonia moutan, of which a full
-account may be seen in the "Hor. Soc. Trans.," vol. 6. This is a
-remarkably handsome genus. Some of the most ornamental are</p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">P. odorata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">P. rosea.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; sibirica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; moutan.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; albiflora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; papavaracea.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; Sabinii.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; corallina.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; peregrina.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; humilis.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 17.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig13big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig13.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 18.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Phlox Divaricata.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">PHLOX</em> divaricata.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Early-flowering Lychnidea.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Phlox divaricata. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>pl.</i> 163. <i>Pursh's Flo. N. A.</i>,<br />
-<i>vol.</i> i., <i>p.</i> 150.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem branching&mdash;leaves opposite, sessile, oblong oval, acute,
-undulate&mdash;flowers corymbose&mdash;peduncles short&mdash;calyx five segments,
-linear, acute&mdash;corolla monopetalous&mdash;five segments, emarginate, narrower
-at the base&mdash;pale blue&mdash;stamens five&mdash;style one&mdash;stigma divided
-into three parts.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Phlox is perhaps one of the most beautiful cultivated
-in our gardens, and affords a delightful variety, its different species
-flowering all through the Summer and Autumn. The plant here
-figured is the earliest; and though it cannot boast of brilliancy, it is
-remarkable for the beautiful delicacy of its colour, and modest appearance.
-It grows low, seldom exceeding eight or ten inches in height,
-and is, on this account, very suitable for rock work. It flowers in
-May, likes a strong loamy soil, and is increased by parting the roots,
-or by cuttings. This species is a native of the mountains of Virginia,
-North America, and was brought into this country by the late
-Mr. Fraser. There are various others equally desirable for a flower
-garden. Amongst the most beautiful are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">P. pyramidalis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">P. subulata.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; ovata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; reflexa.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; carnea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; amæma.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; nivalis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; stolonifera.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; setacea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 18.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig14big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig14.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 19.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Anemone Palmata.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ANEMONE</em> palmata.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Cyclamen-leaved Anemone.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Polygynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Anemone palmata. <i>Bot. Reg.</i> <i>pl.</i> 200. <i>Persoon. Syn. Plan.</i>,<br />
-<i>vol.</i> ii., <i>p.</i> 97.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;leaves radical, cordate, suborbiculate, dentate&mdash;stem radical,
-clothed with a ferruginous hair&mdash;flower issuing from an involucrum,
-sessile, trifid&mdash;corolla yellow&mdash;petals about twelve, oblong, obtuse&mdash;stamens
-numerous&mdash;styles many&mdash;germen superior.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is a most striking and ornamental species, and though it is
-said to have been introduced so far back as the year 1597, is still
-rare in our gardens. It is difficult to cultivate, perhaps requiring a
-little stronger soil than Anemonies generally do. When its roots
-have attained a great size, it should be removed or divided, as it is
-then liable to decay; few, however, are fortunate enough to cultivate
-it to such a state of luxuriance. It is perfectly hardy, though mostly
-treated as a frame plant. The under side of the lower radical leaves
-is tinged with a bright violet colour. The genus Anemone is a
-numerous one, and can boast of many ornamental species.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">A. appennina.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">A. sylvestris.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; hortensis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; baldensis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; patens.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; thalictroides.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; narcissiflora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; pavonina.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; pratensis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; pulsatilla.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 19.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig15big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig15.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 20.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Pulmonaria Paniculata.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">PULMONARIA</em> paniculata.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Panicled Lungwort.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c p2">Syn. Pulmonaria paniculata. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>pl.</i> 2680.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;stem branched, one to two feet high&mdash;leaves ovate, oblong,
-acuminate, strongly nerved&mdash;panicles leafy&mdash;flowers drooping&mdash;calyx
-five segments&mdash;corolla funnel-shaped, contracted near the base&mdash;when
-arrived at maturity, of a brilliant blue&mdash;stamens five&mdash;style equal with
-the stamens&mdash;stigma obtuse&mdash;plant hispid.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This beautiful plant, according to the "Bot. Mag.," 2680, is a
-native of Hudson's Bay, and was "Originally introduced to the Kew
-Gardens by the late Dr. Solander, in 1778." It is still rare, and
-difficult to cultivate, though in congenial situations it will sow its seed,
-and increase abundantly; but the general method of propagating it
-is by parting the roots. The plant from which the annexed drawing
-was made grows luxuriantly in a cold, stiff soil, and has endured our
-severest winters without protection. It flowers in June; and though
-each blossom falls off almost as soon as it becomes perfect, there is a
-succession for a considerable time. The most beautiful species of this
-genus are&mdash;</p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">P. virginica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; davurica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 20.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig16big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig16.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 21.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Campanula Pulla.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">CAMPANULA</em> pulla.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Russet Bell Flower.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Campanula pulla. <i>Loddige's Bot. Cab.</i>, <i>p.</i> 554.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;plant from two to three inches high&mdash;stem slender, radical,
-leafy, one-flowered&mdash;leaves very small, ovate, crenate, sessile, opposite&mdash;flowers
-terminal, drooping&mdash;calyx five segments&mdash;corolla purple,
-monopetalous, campanulate&mdash;margin five cleft&mdash;stamens five&mdash;style
-longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma divided into three parts&mdash;germen
-inferior.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This lovely little plant is a native of the mountains of Austria
-and Styria, and is particularly ornamental for rock work, to which it
-is well adapted by its low growth and general habit. It was introduced
-into this country about the year 1779, but is still very seldom
-met with. It is hardy, though like many Alpine plants is liable to be
-lost in the Winter unless protected, and it is therefore the safest plan
-either to keep it in a frame, or to cover it with dry leaves and a hand
-glass during Winter. It flowers in June, likes a light rich soil, and
-is increased by parting the roots. The genus Campanula is a very
-numerous one, consisting of upwards of sixty species: some of the
-most ornamental are&mdash;</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">C. peregrina.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">C. barbata.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; carpatica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; punctata.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; patula.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; Scheuchzeri.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; persicifolia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; pyramidalis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; capitata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; azurea.</td></tr>
-
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 21.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig17big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig17.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 22.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Œnothera Triloba.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ŒNOTHERA</em> triloba.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Dandelion-leaved Evening Primrose.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Octandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Œnothera triloba. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i>, <i>pl.</i> 2566.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root biennial? spindle-shaped&mdash;leaves radical, lyrate, dentate, smooth, middle
-rib strong&mdash;flower radical, rising from amongst the bright green
-leaves&mdash;calyx tubular&mdash;four segments, lanceolate, acute&mdash;corolla pale
-delicate yellow&mdash;petals four, slightly trilobed, undulate&mdash;stamens
-eight&mdash;filaments shorter than the petals&mdash;anthers oblong, bright yellow&mdash;style
-a little longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma four-cleft&mdash;capsule
-radical, sessile, containing four cells.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The specific name of this very interesting plant was given by
-Professor Nuttal, in consequence of what he considered the three-lobed
-form of its petals; this is however so very slight as to be scarcely
-observable, and therefore perhaps ought not to be considered a specific
-distinction. It was discovered by the Professor in the Arkansas
-country, in 1819, and seeds were afterwards brought by that indefatigable
-traveller and naturalist, Mr. D. Douglas, from North
-America, in 1824. This plant, which has a succession of flowers
-throughout the Summer, is extremely liable to decay, if not kept dry
-in the Winter; but it may be raised from seed, or by parting the roots
-in Autumn, and keeping them in a frame, in pots of light dry soil,
-giving them very little or no water until the roots begin to shoot in
-the Spring. This is the best method of increasing the Œ. cespitosa,
-a most lovely plant, but extremely difficult to propagate. There are
-numerous species and varieties of this very interesting genus: some of
-the most beautiful are&mdash;</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Œ. frutiosa.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Œ. glauca.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; speciosa.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; grandiflora.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; acaulis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; amæna.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; rosea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; tenella.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; pallida.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; viminea.</td></tr>
-
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 22.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig18big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig18.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 23.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Clarkia Pulchella.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">CLARKIA</em> pulchella.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Pretty Clarkia.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Tetrandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c p2">Syn. Clarkia pulchella. <i>Pursh. Fl. N. A.</i>, <i>vol.</i> i. <i>p.</i> 260. <i>Bot.<br />
-Reg.</i>, <i>pl.</i> 1100.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Plant annual&mdash;stem erect, branching&mdash;leaves linear, lanceolate, sessile,
-smooth&mdash;peduncles short&mdash;flowers growing from the axils of the
-leaves, solitary&mdash;calyx one segment, lanceolate, keeled&mdash;corolla
-beautiful purple pink&mdash;petals four, trilobed, obtuse, horned at the
-base&mdash;stamens four&mdash;anthers involute&mdash;style longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma
-divided into four parts&mdash;capsule oblong, grooved.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This very beautiful and singular annual was named by Pursh, in
-honour of Captain Clark, the companion of Captain Lewis, whose
-interesting travels across the continent of North America are so well
-known. It was found by Mr. Douglas, in the countries around the
-Columbia river, and brought by him into this country, to the Horticultural
-Society. The plant is hardy; but to facilitate its bloom, the
-seeds should be sown in a hotbed early in the Spring, and when the
-plants have acquired sufficient strength they may be removed to the
-borders, where they will continue to flower until destroyed by frost.
-This is the only species known of this genus.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 23.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig19big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig19.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 24.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Potentilla Nipalensis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">POTENTILLA</em> Nipalensis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Nipal Potentilla.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Icosandria Polygynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Potentilla Nipalensis. <i>Hooker's Exotic Flora</i>, <i>vol.</i> ii., <i>pl.</i> 88.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem erect, branching&mdash;radical leaves, quinate&mdash;leaflets obovate,
-lanceolate, serrate&mdash;stipules large, broad, lanceolate&mdash;flowers terminal,
-on long peduncles&mdash;calyx double&mdash;five outer segments small, five inner
-somewhat larger&mdash;corolla five petals, emarginate, beautiful rose colour,
-darker at the base&mdash;stamens numerous&mdash;styles many&mdash;whole plant,
-hairy.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>For this beautiful species of Potentilla we are indebted to the
-celebrated Dr. Wallich, of the Botanic Garden, Calcutta, who discovered
-it in Nipal, and sent seeds of it to this country. It is now
-becoming generally known, and is a great acquisition to our gardens,
-both for the beauty of its flower and continuing so long in blossom.
-A light loam suits it best; and when it likes the situation it will sow
-itself, and is therefore easily propagated. The genus Potentilla is not
-a showy one, but there are several pretty species:&mdash;</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">P. atrosanguinea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">P. lupinaster.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; clusiana.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; nivea.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; hirta.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; pedata.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 24.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="nobreak gesperrt">AUTUMN.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig2.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse indent0">Though Summer with her fervid ray,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">No longer leads the lengthened day,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Though Autumn with her sober tread</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Appears upon the russet mead,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">For her shall Flora form her wreath,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">And still around her fragrance breathe;</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Shall still with beauty deck the plain,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Nor cease midst darker hours to reign.</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig20big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig20.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 33.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Eschscholtzia Californica.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ESCHSCHOLTZIA</em> Californica.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Californian Eschscholtzia.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Tetragynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Eschscholtzia Californica. <i>Bot. Reg.</i> <i>pl.</i> 1168.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fusiform&mdash;stem branching, growing to the height of one foot or more&mdash;leaves
-glaucous, tri-pinnatifid, segments acute&mdash;flowers terminal, on
-long peduncles&mdash;Calyx formed like the Calyptra of a Moss, which falls
-off previous to the expansion of the flower&mdash;petals four&mdash;large, spreading,
-slightly striated, narrower at the base, margins undulate, of a
-brilliant yellow, which increases to an orange in the centre of the
-flower&mdash;stamens numerous, filaments very short, anthers long, acute&mdash;stigmas
-four&mdash;seed vessel subulate.</p>
-
-<p>Fig. 1. represents the seed pod. Fig. 2. the curiously formed Calyx.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>This elegant flower was originally discovered by Mr. Menzies,
-during the expedition of Vancouver, in the year 1792, on the coast of
-California. It has been named by Chamisso after Dr. Eschscholtz, a
-companion of Kotzebue, in his voyage round the world, and was sent
-to the Hort. Soc., by Mr. Douglas, in 1826, who found it on the N. W.
-coast of America. It promises to be a very desirable and beautiful
-addition to our catalogue of herbaceous plants, flowering abundantly
-all thro' the summer 'till destroyed by frost. It may be propagated
-either by seeds, which should be sown in a hot-bed early in the spring,
-or by parting the roots in autumn, and grows best in a pure air, and a
-light, or sandy soil.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 33.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig21big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig21.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 34.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Catananche Cœrulea.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">CATANANCHE</em> cœrulea.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Blue Catananche.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Æqualis.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Catananche Cœrulea. <i>Curtis Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 293.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;Stem radical, branching&mdash;growing to the height of two feet&mdash;Radical
-leaves, long, lanceolate, margins deeply toothed&mdash;back of the
-leaf downy, and strongly nerved&mdash;Cauline leaves, sessile, linear, acute.
-Flowers terminal on very long peduncles on which are scattered membranaceous
-bracteas&mdash;Calyx imbricate, squamose, membranaceous, striate&mdash;Corolla
-blue&mdash;Florets ligulate, apex three toothed, purple at
-the base, fertile&mdash;Stamens five, Anthers united&mdash;style one, stigma
-bifid.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>There are only two species known of this genus, the one here
-figured is a native of the South of Europe, and is said to have been
-cultivated by Parkinson as far back as the year 1640, it is however by
-no means a common plant, owing perhaps to the difficulty of keeping
-it through the winter, when it is very apt to be destroyed by frost; it
-is easily raised from seeds which may be sown in the autumn, and if
-protected during the winter, will make strong plants to flower through
-the ensuing summer, continuing in beauty until the approach of winter&mdash;it
-likes a dry, sandy soil, and will not bear frequent removal,&mdash;the
-other species, Catananche lutea, is an annual not deserving of cultivation.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 34.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig22big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig22.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 35.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Coreopsis Grandiflora.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">COREOPSIS</em> Grandiflora.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Large flowered Coreopsis.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Frustranea.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Coreopsis Grandiflora. <i>Sweet's B. F. G.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 2. <i>pl.</i> 175.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous, creeping&mdash;Stem, tall, erect, branched. Leaves on short petioles
-ternate, leaflets lanceolate, acute&mdash;cauline leaves becoming more linear.
-Flowers large, terminal, on long, slender peduncles&mdash;Calyx
-double, exterior segments green, lanceolate acute; interior segments
-brown, membranaceous&mdash;Corolla bright yellow, radiated florets
-barren, dentate; florets of the disk fertile.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This fine species is so similar to C. Lanceolata, that it is only to
-be distinguished by the leaf, the flowers being alike in form and
-color, though perhaps a little larger in C. grandiflora&mdash;it was found
-by Professor Nuttall in the Arkansas, and was sent by him to Mr.
-Barclay about the year 1826; it is therefore from its late introduction
-yet rare in our collections, it promises to be of easy cultivation, its creeping
-roots throwing up a plentiful supply of young plants from which it
-may easily be propagated&mdash;a little protection in the winter may perhaps
-be desirable.</p>
-
-<p>Amongst the most beautiful species of this genus are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">C. lanceolata</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; tinctoria.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; verticillata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; tenuifolia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 35.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig23big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig23.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 36.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Georgina Coccinea.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">GEORGINA</em> coccinea.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Scarlet flowered Georgina.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Georgina Coccinea <i>Wildenow Enum. Plant.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 2. <i>p.</i> 338.</p>
-
-<p class="c">Dahlia Coccinea. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 762.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;stem upright, branched, growing from three to five feet high.
-Leaves pinnate, lower leaves sometimes bi-pinnate, leaflets serrate&mdash;flowers
-terminal, on long purple peduncles&mdash;calyx double, exterior
-segments somewhat reflexed, obtuse&mdash;corolla bright scarlet&mdash;radiated
-florets ovate, obtuse, furnished with a style only&mdash;florets of the disk,
-containing both stamens and pistils.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This distinct species, which is perhaps one of the most beautiful of
-the genus is readily distinguished by its small flower and foliage&mdash;it is
-a native of Mexico, and previous to its introduction to this country, by
-Mr. Fraser, in 1803, was cultivated in France,&mdash;endless varieties of
-this genus are constantly raised from seed, and by other means, and
-there is no flower to which we are so much indebted for ornamenting
-our gardens in the Autumn&mdash;the cultivation of this plant is so easy,
-and now so well known that little requires to be said on this point.
-Particular care, however, must be taken to keep the roots from frost; a
-poor soil will cause a smaller growth, and produce more flowers.
-The name Georgina was given to this genus by Wildenow, in honor of
-G. Georgi, a Russian Botanist, and as it is considered by the Continental
-and many English Botanists, to be the most correct, it has been
-here adopted, instead of Dahlia, a name very similar to that of another
-genus (Dalea) called after Dale the friend of Ray;<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> some of the most
-beautiful double Georginas are varieties of the Sambucifolia.</p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">G. frustranea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">G. atro purpurea.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; superflua.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; rubra.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; alba.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; atro-rubra.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; flava.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; fulgens.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; purpurea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; crocea.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> See Bot. Mag. page 762, and Sweets British Flower Garden, page 282.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 36.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig24big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig24.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 37.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Rudbeckia hirta.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">RUDBECKIA</em> hirta.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Hairy Rudbeckia.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Frustranea.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Rudbeckia hirta. <i>Pursh. Flo. N. A.</i> <i>page</i> 574.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root Fibrous&mdash;stem erect, branched, grooved. Radical leaves broad, lanceolate,
-cauline leaves sessile, unequal, margins undulate peduncles one
-flowered, terminal&mdash;calyx many segments, lanceolate, obtuse&mdash;corolla
-bright yellow&mdash;radiated florets, linear, lanceolate recurved, barren&mdash;florets
-of the disk fertile&mdash;whole plant hairy.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Rudbeckia (called after Professor Rudbeck of Upsal
-who died in 1702) is a very ornamental one, its different species making
-a gay appearance in the Autumn. R. hirta is perhaps one of the most
-desirable, from its moderate size, seldom growing higher than two feet&mdash;it
-was introduced about the year 1714, it is a native of N. America,
-and is found on the mountains from Virginia to Florida&mdash;it likes a
-light rich soil, and is propagated by parting the roots, which should be
-done in the spring, as it flowers so late in Autumn as to prevent the
-removal in sufficient time for the plants to be well established before
-winter&mdash;it is rather tender, sometimes being destroyed by too much
-wet. The following are pleasing species:&mdash;</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">R. purpurea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; fulgida.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; columnaris.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; speciosa.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; pinnata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 37.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig25big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig25.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 38.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Scabiosa Caucasea.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">SCABIOSA</em> Caucasea.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Caucasean Scabious.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Tetrandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Scabiosa Caucasea. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 886.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem erect, rising to the height of two feet or more&mdash;radical leaves
-on long channelled footstalks, lanceolate, acute, margins undulate,
-cauline leaves, connate, pinnatifid&mdash;peduncles one flowered, flowers
-terminal&mdash;involucre from eight to ten segments, lanceolate, acute&mdash;corolla
-delicate purple, segments trilobed, lobes obtuse, margins undulate,
-florets of the disk tubular, margins five-cleft&mdash;Calyx double&mdash;stamens
-four, anthers oblong, of a bright red, style longer than the
-stamens; stigma globose; germen downy.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is perhaps the most beautiful species of the genus; and a
-highly ornamental plant in the Autumnal months, during which time
-it continues long in beauty, it is a native of Mount Caucasus, and
-according to the Bot. Mag. p. 886, was raised by Messrs. Loddiges
-from seeds received by them about the year 1803&mdash;a light soil suits
-it best, and it may be increased by parting its roots in the spring&mdash;it is
-quite hardy.</p>
-
-<p>The genus Scabiosa is not a favorite one for a flower garden, though
-a few species may deserve a place in our collections&mdash;some of the most
-desirable are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">S. alpina.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; tatarica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; atropurpurea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; lœvigata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 38.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig26big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig26.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 39.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Lobelia fulgens.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">LOBELIA</em> fulgens.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Refulgent Lobelia.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Lobelia fulgens. <i>Bot. Rep.</i> <i>pl.</i> 659.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem erect, leafy, occasionally drooping at the summit, downy.
-Leaves alternate sessile, broad lanceolate, undulate, denticulate near
-the point, veined, becoming smaller towards the top of the stem&mdash;peduncles
-very short&mdash;calyx five segments, acute, downy&mdash;corolla monopetalous,
-very brilliant scarlet&mdash;tube oblong, inflated at the base, segments
-five, three lower ones, oblong, lanceolate, acute; two upper,
-small, linear, acute, recurved&mdash;stamens five&mdash;anthers oblong, style
-filiform&mdash;stigma compressed.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This brilliant ornament to the flower garden is a native of Mexico,
-and was raised from seeds sent by Humboldt and Bonpland, to this
-country, about the year 1809&mdash;it is a plant of easy cultivation, and is
-readily increased by parting the roots in Spring&mdash;it is hardy, but in
-the winter requires to be kept dry, as it is liable to decay from too
-much moisture, it is therefore the safest plan to put a few plants in a
-frame, divide them, and plant them about April, in a stiff soil, and moist
-situation, where they will flourish exceedingly, and make a splendid
-appearance until destroyed by frost&mdash;This species differs little from
-L. Splendens, which has its foliage more tinged with red and is devoid
-of that pubescence which distinguishes L. fulgens.</p>
-
-<p>There are several beautiful species of this genus, but few are
-hardy, those most desirable for a flower garden are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">L. splendens.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; cardinalis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; amæna.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; tupa.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 39.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig27big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig27.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 40.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Aster Amellus.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ASTER</em> amellus.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Italian aster.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Aster Amellus. <i>Hortus Kewensis</i>, <i>vol.</i> 5, <i>page</i> 54.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem erect, branched, sometimes two feet high&mdash;leaves sessile,
-alternate, ovate lanceolate, obtuse&mdash;margins undulate. Flowers purple,
-corymbose, on short peduncles; calyx imbricated&mdash;radiated florets,
-linear, obtuse, furnished with a style only&mdash;florets of the disk fertile
-containing both stamens and pistils.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>Few autumnal plants are more deserving of cultivation than the
-Aster Amellus&mdash;the beauty of the flower, its moderately low growth,
-and late flowering, rendering it a valuable plant for the season,
-and perhaps preferable to any of the genus&mdash;it is a native of the
-South of Europe, and was cultivated in this country, as long since as
-1596, by Gerard, it will grow in any soil or situation, and flowers
-from September until destroyed by severe frost&mdash;it may be increased
-by dividing the roots, which according to Miller should not be moved
-oftener than every third year.</p>
-
-<p>The genus aster is a very numerous one, and affords some ornamental
-species</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">A. alpina.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">A. nova angliæ.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; blandus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; spectabilis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; elegans.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; pulcherrimus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; grandiflorus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 40.</p>
-</div>
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<h2 class="nobreak gesperrt">WINTER.</h2>
-
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig2.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse indent0">&mdash;&mdash; The fairer forms</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">That cultivation glories in, are <span class="smcap">His</span>,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">He</span> sets the bright procession on its way,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">And marshalls all the order of the Year;</div>
-<div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">He</span> marks the bounds that Winter may not pass,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">And blunts his pointed fury: in its case</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Russet and rude folds up the tender germ</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Uninjured, with inimitable art,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">And ere one flowery season fades and dies,</div>
-<div class="verse indent0">Designs the blooming wonders of the next.</div>
-<div class="verse indent5"><span class="smcap">Cowper.</span></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig28big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig28.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 49.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Semi-Double quilled pink Chrysanthemum.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">CHRYSANTHEMUM</em> indicum var.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Semi double quill'd pink Chrysanthemum.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngensia, Polygamia, Superflua.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Semi double quill'd pink Chrysanthemum. <i>Hort. Soc. Trans.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 5. <i>p.</i> 422.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Stem tall, erect, leafy, branching&mdash;lower leaves large, bi-pinnatifid, lobes
-deeply indented&mdash;becoming smaller as they approach the flower&mdash;flower
-terminal slightly pendant&mdash;calyx squamose&mdash;florets quill'd of a
-beautiful pale pink, shaded off to white&mdash;disc yellow&mdash;large.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The first introduction of the Chinese Chrysanthemums into this
-country, was about the year 1764;&mdash;the beautiful varieties now seen in
-our gardens, became known at a much more recent period, and from
-the great facility that attends their cultivation, and their very desirable
-season of flowering, they are universal favorites;&mdash;new varieties are
-frequently imported, the only means we possess of obtaining them, as
-we are ignorant of the mode adopted by the Chinese for their increase;
-and we are led to suppose that we do not yet possess some of their
-finest kinds:&mdash;most of the varieties will grow well out of doors, and if
-trained against a south wall, with a little protection to shield the
-flowers from inclement weather, will make a beautiful and gay appearance
-in the months of November and December. The Chrysanthemums
-are increased either by cuttings or suckers taken from the parent
-plant in the spring;&mdash;the var. here figured is a very beautiful one, and
-blossoms rather early and freely&mdash;the flowers have a deeper color when
-grown out of doors, and the plant altogether acquires more strength;&mdash;in
-a green-house this var. is apt to grow weak and tall.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 49.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig29big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig29.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 50.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Superb White Chrysanthemum. Early Crimson.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">CHRYSANTHEMUM</em> indicum var.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Superb White Chrysanthemum.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngensia, Polygamia, Superflua.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Superb White Chrysanthemum. <i>Hort. Soc. Trans.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 5. <i>p.</i> 420.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Stem erect, leafy, branching&mdash;leaves bi-pinnatifid, lobes deeply indented,&mdash;flower
-terminal, drooping, white, tinged with yellow towards the
-centre&mdash;calyx squamose, obtuse, florets ligulate, outside florets occasionally
-quill'd&mdash;apex entire.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This variety is a very desirable one for growing out of doors, from
-its long continuance in bloom, and the flowers being so very large and
-fine&mdash;the foilage is luxuriant, and if the plant be trained against a
-wall, it will grow very tall, and make a beautiful appearance until a
-late season;&mdash;the Chrysanthemums like a strong soil.</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-
-<p class="c"><em class="gesperrt">CHRYSANTHEMUM</em> indicum var.</p>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Early Crimson Chrysanthemum.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngensia, Polygamia, Superflua.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Early Crimson Chrysanthemum. <i>Hort. Soc. Trans.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 5, <i>p.</i> 155.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Stem erect, leafy, much branched&mdash;leaves bi-pinnatifid, lobes very deeply indented&mdash;flowers pendant&mdash;growing
-in clusters, semi-double, of a fine crimson&mdash;florets ligulate, emarginate&mdash;disc
-small.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is a newer var. than either the superb white, or quill'd pink; the plant grows
-low, and rather bushy, and makes a very brilliant appearance when in full flower&mdash;the
-varieties of Chrysanthemum Indicum are so endless, that is difficult to make a selection;
-some of the most beautiful and latest imported are the following:&mdash;</p>
-
-<table cellpadding="0">
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Purple.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Blush Ranunculus flowered.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Quill'd white.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Tasselled lilac.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Tasselled white.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Two colored red.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Sulphur yellow.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Starry pink.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Golden yellow.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Two colored incurved.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Buff or orange.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Golden Lotus flowered.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Quill'd flamed yellow.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Brown lilac.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Curled lilac.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Early blush.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Pale pink.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Paper white.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdls">Parks' small yellow.</td>
-    <td class="tdlps">Changeable pale buff.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 50.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig30big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig30.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 51.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Tussilago fragrans.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">TUSSILAGO</em> fragrans.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Fragrant Coltsfoot.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngensia, Polygamia, Superflua.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Tussilago Fragrans. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 1388.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root creeping, fleshy&mdash;scape about eight inches high, woolly, appearing before
-the leaves&mdash;leaves radical, large, cordate, margins crenate&mdash;young leaves
-covered with a deciduous down, cauline leaves cordate, sheathing the
-stem&mdash;peduncles rising from concave bracteas&mdash;calyx many segments,
-lanceolate, acute, tinged with brown&mdash;radiated florets ligulate, pink,
-florets of the disk, five segments, white&mdash;style projecting, stigma dark
-purple.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This plant possesses little beauty to recommend it to our notice,
-but its delightful fragrance, which strongly resembles the Heliotropium
-Peruvianum, renders it an acceptable addition to our small stock of
-winter flowers. It is a native of Italy, and was introduced into this
-country by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, in 1806. Though frequently
-treated as a green-house or frame-plant, it is perfectly hardy, and if
-grown in a moist situation, it will spread so rapidly as to become
-troublesome; the best plan therefore is to confine it in a pot, and
-plunge it in common garden soil, where it will flower about December
-or January, without the least protection.</p>
-
-<p>This is the only species suitable for a flower garden.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 51.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig31big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig31.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 52.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Helleborus niger.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">HELLEBORUS</em> niger.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Black Hellebore or Christmas Rose.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Polygynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Helleborus niger. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 8.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;leaves radical, on long channelled petioles, pedate, lobes
-oblong, margins serrate near the apex&mdash;scape radical, simple,&mdash;flower
-terminal&mdash;calyx none&mdash;bracteas immediately under the flower, two,
-sessile&mdash;corolla white, slightly tinged with pale pink and yellowish
-green,&mdash;petals five, large, orbicular, margins undulate&mdash;nectaries green,
-tubular&mdash;stamens numerous&mdash;anthers compressed&mdash;styles many.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>There are few flowers more welcome to us than the Helleborus
-niger, which enlivens our gardens in the dreary months of December
-and January. It is a native of the mountains of Austria, and was
-introduced into this country about the year 1596, by Mr. John Gerard;
-it derives its name from the dark color of its roots, and the common
-appellation of the Christmas Rose, arises from the peculiar season of
-its flowering; being an alpine plant it delights in a pure air, and it
-grows best in a moist situation and strong loamy soil: it may be covered
-with a hand-glass when coming into bloom, as the beauty of the flower
-is liable to be destroyed by the severity of the weather. Considerable
-medicinal properties were ascribed to this plant by the ancients, but it
-is now seldom used. There are several other species, but only two of
-these are generally cultivated&mdash;the first mentioned is a British plant.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">H. viridis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; lividus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 52.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig32big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig32.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 53.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Eranthis hyemalis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ERANTHIS</em> hyemalis</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Winter Aconite.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Polygynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Eranthis hyemalis. <i>Salisbury</i>, <i>Lin. Soc. Trans.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 8. <i>p.</i> 303.</p>
-
-<p class="c">Helleborus hyemalis. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 3.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;leaves radical, on long petioles, radiated, palmate, lobes
-generally trifid&mdash;scape radical, one flowered&mdash;involucrum sessile, lobed,
-becoming larger when the flower decays&mdash;corolla yellow&mdash;petals six, or
-sometimes more, obovate, nectaries tubular, stamens from twenty to
-thirty&mdash;anthers compressed&mdash;styles many.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Eranthis, which was established by Salisbury, differs from
-Helleborus in the number of its petals and stamens, the latter in
-Eranthis are from twenty to thirty, in Helleborus, from thirty to
-sixty; the seed in the former genus being in one series, the latter in
-two series, the difference of habit, &amp;c., altogether forming good grounds
-for making them separate genera. This pretty species which flowers
-about January is a native of France, Switzerland, and Austria, and
-was cultivated in our gardens as long since as 1596;&mdash;it grows best
-in a light loam mixed with bog, and is propagated by offsets. There
-is another species Eranthis Siberica.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 53.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig33big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig33.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 54.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Erica carnea.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">ERICA</em> carnea.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Flesh colored, early Flowering Heath.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Octandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Erica carnea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Jacquin's Flo. Austr.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 1. <i>tab.</i> 32.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl"></td>
-    <td class="tdl">Erica carnea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Loddige's Bot. Cab.</i> <i>p.</i> 1452.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl"></td>
-    <td class="tdl">Erica herbacea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 11.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem branching upon the ground, leaves small, linear, sessile&mdash;flowers
-pendulous, on very short peduncles&mdash;calyx four segments,
-linear acute&mdash;corolla campanulate, pale pink, margin four cleft&mdash;stamens
-eight fixed to the receptacle, anthers bifid, projecting, dark purple&mdash;style
-declining, longer than the stamens.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This pretty little plant would be acceptable to us at any season of
-the year, but is peculiarly so in the dreary one in which its beautiful
-pink blossoms appear, frequently peeping above the snow. The flowers
-are formed in the autumn, but do not come to maturity until the following
-December or January, when (if planted in a bog border with a
-south aspect) it will make a beautiful appearance for a length of time.
-It is a native of the Alps and mountainous parts of Germany, and
-was introduced into this country about the year 1763; the general
-method of increasing this plant is by cuttings or layers,&mdash;there are
-other species of hardy heaths which are well worth cultivating. The
-three last mentioned are natives of Britain.</p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">E. Mediterranea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">E. tetralia.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; ciliaris.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; vagans.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; carnea var.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; stricta.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; Australis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 54.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig34big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig34.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 55.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Galanthus Nivalis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">GALANTHUS</em> nivalis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Common Snowdrop.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Galanthus nivalis. <i>English Bot.</i> <i>pl.</i> 19.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous.&mdash;Scape from three to five inches high, one flowered. Leaves
-two, broadly linear, obtuse, glaucous green, sheathing the lower part
-of the stem.&mdash;Flower drooping, bursting from a sheath, lanceolate.&mdash;Corolla
-white, petals three, oblong, obtuse&mdash;nectaries three emarginate,
-beautifully tipped with green&mdash;stamens six, anthers subulate&mdash;style one,
-stigma simple.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This beautiful flower so well known, and so peculiarly interesting
-from its modest simplicity, hardly requires a description of its treatment
-or mode of growth. It is a native of England, having been
-found in many places remote from cultivation, and will grow in
-any soil or situation.&mdash;A double var. is frequently met with in our
-gardens, there is also another species G. plicatus, a native of Caucasus.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 55.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig35big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig35.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 9.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Cyclamen Coum.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">CYCLAMEN</em> Coum.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Round leaved Cyclamen.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Cyclamen Coum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Cur. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 4.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Cyclamen Coum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Hor. Kew.</i> 1 <i>vol.</i> <i>p.</i> 311.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous, orbicular, compressed. Leaves radical, on rather long purplish
-petioles, orbicular, cordate, upper side dark green, red underneath&mdash;stem
-radical, three or four inches high, flower terminal, drooping&mdash;calyx
-five segments acute&mdash;petals five, reflexed, ovate, margins undulate, dark
-pink, marked with red at the base, which is shaded off to a pure white,
-stamens five enclosed in the tube of the corolla, style longer than the
-stamens, stigma acute.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This pretty plant which is one of the earliest of our Spring bulbs,
-is a native of the south of Europe, and has been known since the year
-1596, when it was cultivated by Mr. John Gerard. It is very hardy,
-though generally treated as a green-house or frame plant, and if grown
-in a sheltered situation in a mixture of bog earth, and rich loam, it
-will flower abundantly, and make a beautiful appearance about February,
-particularly if covered with a hand-glass to protect the flowers
-from the inclemency of the weather.</p>
-
-<p>This plant is easily raised from seed, which is produced in abundance.
-After the petals decay the germen becomes enlarged, and the foot
-stalk enclosing it in the centre, twists in the form of a screw, until it
-reaches the ground, when the seed-vessel bursts and deposits the seed,
-a beautiful provision of nature for propagating the species&mdash;the seeds
-thus sown, will require a little more soil, and the protection of a hand-glass
-during the Winter, when if not destroyed by frost, the plants will
-generally flower the following Summer&mdash;the other hardy species are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">C. hederæfolium.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash; var.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; europæum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 9.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig36big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig36.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 10.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Hyoscyamus Orientalis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">HYOSCYAMUS</em> Orientalis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Oriental Hyoscyamus.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Hyoscyamus Orientalis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Beburstein Fl. Taur. Cauc.</i> <i>vol.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 164.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Hyoscyamus Orientalis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 2414.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;stem erect, growing to the height of one foot or more&mdash;leaves
-on rather long petioles, broadly lanceolate, spreading, margins undulate,
-of a dull green, strongly veined with red&mdash;under side reddish in the
-young leaves&mdash;flowers thyrsiform&mdash;on short pedicels&mdash;calyx campanulate,
-margin five cleft, segments acute, tinged with purple&mdash;corolla
-lilac, funnel shaped, limb spreading, five cleft&mdash;stamens five, inclined,
-shorter than the style&mdash;stigma clavate&mdash;whole plant covered with
-a whitish pubescence which it nearly loses in more advanced growth.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Hyoscyamus is, perhaps, more remarkable for its
-medicinal properties than for its beauty, though this species is certainly
-a handsome plant and as yet rarely met with:&mdash;it is of later
-introduction than Hyoscyamus Physaloides, which has a darker
-flower, the leaves perfectly smooth, and the plant altogether is of
-smaller growth. H. Orientalis is a native of Iberia, a country
-between the Black and Caspian Seas, and was first introduced into
-this country from seeds sent to Mr. John Hunneman, about the
-year 1821; it is perfectly hardy, likes a rich soil, and may be increased
-by parting the roots or by seed; flowers as early as March. There is
-only another species besides the two mentioned, deserving of cultivation
-in a flower garden, which is H. Scopoli.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 10.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig37big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig37.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 11.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Orobus Vernus.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">OROBUS</em> Vernus.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Spring Orobus.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Diadelphia Decandria.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Orobus Vernus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Car. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 521.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Orobus Vernus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Hor. Kew.</i> <i>vol.</i> 3. <i>p.</i> 38.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem erect, branching, one foot or more in height&mdash;stipules
-large, sagittate, auriculate&mdash;leaves pinnate&mdash;leaflets ovate, acute&mdash;peduncles
-long, axillary&mdash;pedicels very short&mdash;calyx five cleft, base
-obtuse, tinted with red&mdash;flower papilionaceous&mdash;vexillum pink, broadly
-ovate, margin undulate&mdash;alæ blue, obtuse; carina white&mdash;stamens ten,
-united by their filaments into two parcels, nine in one set, with a single
-one separate&mdash;style one.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The Orobus vernus is a most valuable Spring flower, and is one
-of the earliest of our herbaceous plants;&mdash;it is a native of the middle
-and south of Europe, and was first introduced into this country about
-the year 1629;&mdash;a light soil suits it best, though being very hardy it
-will flourish in any situation, and considering the facility with which
-it is cultivated, it is surprizing it is not more common;&mdash;it flowers in
-March, and is increased by dividing the roots or by seed&mdash;some of
-the most desirable species are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">O. niger.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">albus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; varius.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">tuberosus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; lathyroides.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">variegatus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; luteus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">ochroleucus.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 11.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig38big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig38.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 12.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Uvularia Grandiflora.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">UVULARIA</em> Grandiflora.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Large flowered Uvularia.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Uvularia Grandiflora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Exotic Botany</i>, <i>Tab.</i> 51.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Uvularia Grandiflora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Pursh Flo. N. A.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 231.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Uvularia Grandiflora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Hortus Kewensis</i>, 2. <i>Vol.</i> <i>p.</i> 247.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;stem a foot or more in height, radical, erect, sheathed at the
-base, branching towards the summit&mdash;petioles flexuose&mdash;leaves perfoliate,
-broadly lanceolate, undulate&mdash;peduncles axillary&mdash;flowers
-pendulous&mdash;calyx none&mdash;corolla yellow, petals six, linear, tortuose&mdash;stamens
-six, filaments short&mdash;anthers oblong, linear&mdash;germen obovate&mdash;style
-one, stigma divided into three parts&mdash;nectary a cavity at the
-base of each petal.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Uvularia is neither a numerous, nor a showy one,
-though the species figured (which is the finest) is a very elegant
-plant, and if placed in the front of a bog border, the soil of which is
-peculiarly adapted to it, will add much to the beauty of the flower
-garden about April. In 1802, Messrs. Lee and Kennedy received
-this species from North America, and according to Pursh, it is found
-on shady hills in fertile soils, and among the rocks from Canada to
-Carolina;&mdash;it is perfectly hardy, and may be increased by parting the
-roots early in the Autumn.</p>
-
-<p>The most interesting, are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">U. amplexifolia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; lanceolata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; perfoliata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; sessilifolia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 12.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig39big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig39.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 13.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Gentiana Verna.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">GENTIANA</em> verna.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Spring Gentian.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Digynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Gentiana verna.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Eng. Bot.</i> <i>pl.</i> 493.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Gentiana verna.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 491.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous, creeping&mdash;stem procumbent, leafy,&mdash;leaves sessile, oval, acute,
-opposite, clustered near the root&mdash;flowers terminal&mdash;calyx five cleft,
-acute&mdash;corolla brilliant blue, monopetalous, tube long, limb spreading,
-divided into five segments, obtuse, undulate, fringed between the
-segments&mdash;stamens five, enclosed in the tube of the corolla&mdash;style
-simple, stigmas two, so closely situated as to give the appearance of a
-small white circle in the centre of the flower.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This beautiful little plant is well ascertained to be a native of
-England and Ireland. According to English Botany, p. 49&mdash;it was
-first gathered in Teesdale Forest, Durham, where it is still obtained for
-the purposes of sale in London, and other places;&mdash;it is also a native
-of the Alps of Switzerland, where we are told the large patches of it
-produce a brilliant and striking effect:&mdash;it is perfectly hardy, but
-requires a pure air, and succeeds best in bog-soil&mdash;from its low growth
-and general habit, it is well adapted to ornament rock work, and from
-the shelter there afforded, it will begin to flower as early as March,
-and continue in beauty some time&mdash;it may be increased by parting the
-roots early in the Autumn:&mdash;the Gentiana lutea, is celebrated for its
-medicinal properties, and is a handsome herbaceous plant; the other
-desirable species are</p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">G. crinita.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">purpurea.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; asclepedia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">septemfida.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; saponaria.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">acaulis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; alpina.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">pneunomanthe.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 13.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig40big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig40.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 14.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Soldanella Clusii.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="SOLDANELLA_Clusii"><em class="gesperrt">SOLDANELLA</em> Clusii.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Clusius's Soldanella.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Soldanella Clusii.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 2163.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Soldanella montana?</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Sweet's B. F. G.</i> <i>vol.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 11.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;leaves radical, on long petioles, orbicular, cordate, slightly
-crenate, of a dark green, paler underneath&mdash;stem radical, erect, three or
-four inches high&mdash;segments of the involucrum linear&mdash;flowers terminal,
-drooping,&mdash;calyx five, segments linear, spreading&mdash;corolla purple,
-monopetalous, campanulate, margin deeply laciniated&mdash;stamens five,
-anthers two lobed&mdash;style very long, germen inferior.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The beautiful genus Soldanella is peculiarly adapted to rock
-work, to which it is a great ornament; the different species are all
-hardy, but like many alpine plants, require shelter from severe frosts,
-as a substitute for the snow of their native mountains; this species is
-found on the mountains of Bohemia, and on the Austrian and Styrian
-Alps, and was introduced into this country about the year 1816. It
-grows best in a mixture of peat and sandy loam, and is readily increased
-by seeds, or by parting the roots; the genus is by no means
-common, perhaps, from their requiring a very pure air to grow them in
-perfection; it is the safest plan to keep all alpine plants in a frame
-during winter, or to cover them with <i>dry</i> saw dust, over which may be
-placed a hand-glass or garden-pot. This species is called after Clusius
-a celebrated Botanist, it being (according to the Bot. Mag. p. 211.)
-first described and figured by him. There are two other beautiful
-species, with smaller flowers, S. alpina, S. minima.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 14.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig41big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig41.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 15.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Viola Palmata.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">VIOLA</em> palmata.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Palmate leaved Violet.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i> <span class="smcap">Pentandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Viola palmata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Pursh Flo. N. A.</i> <i>vol.</i> i. <i>p.</i> 172.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Viola palmata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Nuttall's Gen. N. A.</i> <i>vol.</i> i. <i>p.</i> 147.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous&mdash;leaves radical, on very long petioles, palmate, lobes deeply
-dentate&mdash;peduncles one flowered, radical, tinged with purple&mdash;calyx
-five segments linear acute&mdash;corolla blue lilac, paler on the under side,
-petals five, broad, obtuse, pencilled at the base with a darker shade,
-lower part of the middle petal terminating in a spur&mdash;stamens five,
-anthers obtuse&mdash;style slender, stigma globose.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Viola is a very numerous one, and can boast of many
-ornamental species&mdash;endless varieties are constantly raised from seed,
-chiefly of Viola tricolor, though these may at first vary, there is
-little dependance to be placed on them, as they frequently return to
-the original species; the number of distinct species, however, is very
-considerable, amongst which is the one figured; a desirable plant for
-the front of the borders where it will remain in beauty for a long
-time&mdash;it is a native of North America, and according to the Bot.
-Cab. p. 1471, grows on dry hills from New England to Virginia.
-Prof. Nuttall says in his genera of North American plants, vol. i. p.
-147, "the genus Viola within its proper limits, is almost equally
-divided betwixt Europe and the temperate parts of North America."
-This species was first brought into this country in 1739, though still
-a scarce plant in our gardens:&mdash;the Violas are all well adapted for
-rock work, and flourish most in a light rich soil and shady situation.
-They may be increased either by parting the roots, by cuttings, or by
-seeds; the latter of which are produced in great abundance, and are
-dispersed by the peculiar elasticity of the capsule, which as soon as
-its contents are matured, ejects them with considerable force, sometimes
-to a great distance. Some of the most beautiful species are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">V. pedata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">præmorsa.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; altaica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">flabelliflora.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; hederacea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">primulifolia.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; lutea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">grandiflora.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; blanda.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">lanceolata.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; uniflora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Nuttallii.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; odorata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; cornuta.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 15.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig42big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig42.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 16.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Trillium Grandiflorum.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">TRILLIUM</em> Grandiflorum.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Large flowered Trillium.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Trigynia.</span></p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Trillium Grandiflorum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Salisbury Par. Lon.</i> <i>pl.</i> 35.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Trillium Grandiflorum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Hort. Kew.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 2. <i>p.</i> 329</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Trillium Grandiflorum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Nuttall's gen. N. A.</i> <i>Vol.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 239.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous, stem radical, simple, eight to ten inches high,&mdash;leaves three,
-sessile, large, spreading, oval shaped, obtuse, margins undulate&mdash;peduncle
-short&mdash;flower terminal, drooping&mdash;calyx three segments,
-lanceolate, acute&mdash;corolla white&mdash;petals three, spreading, ovate, obtuse,
-nerved&mdash;stamens six, filaments short, anthers oblong, styles three,
-stigmas recurved.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is the most desirable species of the genus and a very handsome
-herbaceous plant, the beautiful white flowers forming a pleasing
-contrast to the dark green leaves by which they are surrounded. It is
-a native of Upper Canada, and according to Nuttall, is found generally
-in umbrageous forests.&mdash;a peat soil, and shady situation are essential
-to its favorable cultivation, and as these are afforded, the flower varies
-accordingly in size&mdash;it is a plant of slow growth, not hearing frequent
-removal, and is therefore not common, though it has been known in
-this country since the year 1799&mdash;flowers about April, and is increased
-by parting the roots. The other species are not particularly desirable,
-except in extensive herbaceous collections.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">T. sessile.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">erectum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; cernuum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">stylosum.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 16.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig43big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig43.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 25.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Salpiglossis picta.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">SALPIGLOSSIS</em> Picta.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Painted Salpiglossis.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospermia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Salpiglossis Picta. <i>Sweets B. F. G.</i> <i>vol.</i> 3. <i>p.</i> 258.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous, stem erect, branching, lower leaves broadly lanceolate, margins
-deeply serrate&mdash;cauline leaves sessile, linear, acute, margins slightly
-undulate, becoming smaller as they approach the flower&mdash;peduncles
-long, leafy, flowers terminal&mdash;calyx five segments, acute&mdash;corolla beautifully
-pencilled with yellow and purple, funnel shaped, tube long,
-limb spreading, five segments, emarginate&mdash;stamens four, two long and
-two short&mdash;anthers large, yellow&mdash;style longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma
-obtuse, whole plant villous.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Salpiglossis is one of late introduction into this country,
-none of the species being known here before the year 1826, when
-seeds were sent from Chili by Mr. Cruikshanks to the Botanic Gardens
-of Edinburgh and Glasgow. The species figured is perhaps the most
-beautiful, and promises to be a great acquisition to our collection of
-new herbaceous plants, it may be raised from seeds or cuttings, likes a
-light soil, and a sheltered situation, and will continue in flower for a
-considerable time. It has hitherto been treated chiefly as a green-house
-plant, but it will grow much stronger, and the colours finer, in the open
-border; it would, however, be desirable to keep some plants in a green-house
-or frame during the winter, as it is doubtful how it may bear the
-severe frosts. There are only two other species,</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">S. straminea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; atro-purpurea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 25.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig44big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig44.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 26.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Iris variegata.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">IRIS VARIEGATA</em>.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Variegated Iris.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Triandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Iris Variegata. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 16.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberose, cespitose,&mdash;leaves radical, clasping the stem, ensiform, nerved,
-unequal,&mdash;stem branched,&mdash;flower growing between two membranous
-green bractes, ovate, lanceolate,&mdash;tube greenish,&mdash;corolla six petals,
-three outer segments reflexed, oblong, obtuse, beautifully striated, and
-fringed at the base with glandular hairs,&mdash;three inner ones yellow,
-erect, margins undulate,&mdash;stamens three, filaments adhering to the base
-of the reflexed petals, apex bifid,&mdash;anthers oblong,&mdash;style slender,&mdash;stigma
-divided into three parts.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This species of Iris, though so long since introduced as the year
-1597 is not frequently seen in our herbaceous collections. It is a plant
-of low growth, sometimes not exceeding a foot in height, though this
-varies according to the soil in which it is planted, a moist situation increasing
-its luxuriance both in flower and foliage. It is a native of
-Hungary, and is perfectly hardy, not requiring any particular treatment,
-and may be increased by separating the roots in Autumn,&mdash;flowers
-in May, and grows best in a stiff cold soil. This is a very
-beautiful genus, and affords many ornamental species.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">I. pallida.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">dichotoma.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; nipalensis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">pumila.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; ochroleuca.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">xiphium.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; flavecens.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">xiphioides.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; verna.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">versicolor.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; cristata.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">caucasica.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; germanica.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">furcata.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; aphylla.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">tenax.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 26.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig45big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig45.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 27.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Delphinium grandiflorum.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">DELPHINIUM</em> Grandiflorum.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Great flowered Larkspur.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Trigynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Delphinium Grandiflorum. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 1686.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous,&mdash;stem erect, much branched,&mdash;radical leaves on long naked petioles,
-multipartite, segments narrow acute,&mdash;cauline leaves sessile, verticillate,
-linear acute, on the lateral branches, generally single,&mdash;lower
-flowers on very long peduncles&mdash;calyx none&mdash;corolla very brilliant blue&mdash;outer
-petals five, ovate, undulate, upper one terminated by a long
-rugose spur&mdash;nectaries two, divided into four segments, the two lower
-ones marked with a bright bearded yellow spot, enclosing the parts of
-fructification&mdash;stamens numerous&mdash;styles three&mdash;capsules three celled.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The genus Delphinium is a beautiful and showy one, and contains
-almost innumerable varieties, none, however, can exceed in
-beauty of colour the species figured, which is a native of Siberia, and
-was introduced into this country about the year 1741. It is a hardy
-plant, of the easiest culture, not requiring any particular treatment,
-though it grows best in a rich brown loam&mdash;if allowed to sow its seed,
-a number of young plants will soon appear, which will flower the next
-year; this mode, however, of propagating it, is by no means certain,
-and therefore, in order to obtain it true, it is better to divide the roots,
-which may be done in spring; numerous and very beautiful varieties
-are constantly raised from seed. Amongst the most desirable distinct
-species are</p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">D. Aconiti.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">pallidum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; cheilanthum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">pictum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; macranthon.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Menziesii.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; alpinum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">montanum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; azureum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">ucranicum.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 27.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig46big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig46.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 28.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Lilium concolor.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">LILIUM</em> Concolor.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Self-coloured Chinese Lily.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Lilium Concolor.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Par. Lond.</i> <i>tab.</i> 47.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Lilium Concolor.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Curt. Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 1165.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous, squamose&mdash;stem erect, leafy, two feet high or more&mdash;leaves
-alternate, nerved, sessile, linear lanceolate&mdash;peduncles axillary, one
-flowered&mdash;corolla bright scarlet, tube short&mdash;petals six, lanceolate, recurved
-when the flower is fully expanded&mdash;stamens six, shorter than
-the petals&mdash;filaments erect, anthers oblong, germen green, style thick,
-as if composed of three parts, stigma trifid.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus Lilium. It
-is rare, perhaps from the difficulty that attends its cultivation, the bulbs
-being extremely liable to be lost in the winter from severe frosts or
-damp; it is a native of China, and was introduced into this country in
-the year 1806. A sheltered situation, and light rich soil, mixed with
-bog, are necessary for it, and it is increased by off-sets, which are produced
-in tolerable abundance. All the species of Lilium are desirable
-for a flower garden.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">L. japonicum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">pyrenaicum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; candidum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">pomponium.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; bulbiferum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">carolinianum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; aurantiacum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">tigrinum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; Catesbœi.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">pumilum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; philadelphicum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">longiflorum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; canadense.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">spectabile.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; superbum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">croceum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; chalcedonicum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">prœcox.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 28.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig47big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig47.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 29.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Penstemon ovatus.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">PENSTEMON</em> Ovatus.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Ovate-leaved Penstemon.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospermia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Penstemon ovatus. <i>Curt. Bot. Mag. N. S.</i> <i>pl.</i> 2903.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous, stem erect, two or three feet high&mdash;cauline leaves sessile, amplexicaul
-at the base, cordate, margins dentate, becoming smaller and
-entire as they approach the summit&mdash;radical leaves, large, ovate, dentate,
-on long channelled petioles&mdash;flowers in fascicles, which are axillary&mdash;calyx
-five segments, equal, lanceolate acute&mdash;corolla bilabiate,
-tube purple, lip bright blue, upper lip erect, divided into two segments,
-three lower reflexed&mdash;throat hairy&mdash;stamens four, two long, and two
-short, curved&mdash;one barren filament, with an acute claw at the base,
-apex hairy, style recurved&mdash;leaves, when young, of a beautiful purple
-on the under side.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>Great additions have lately been made to this genus, by Mr.
-Douglas, who has discovered many new and valuable plants in North
-America, among which is the species figured. According to the Bot.
-Mag. pl. 2903, N. S. it was found by him "growing plentifully among
-the limestone rocks on the high mountains about the grand rapids of
-the Columbia river, at the distance of 140 miles from the ocean," and
-sent to the Hort. Soc. in 1826; it likes a light loam and sheltered
-situation, and may be increased by seeds or parting the roots.
-When well grown it is a very beautiful and elegant plant, and a great
-acquisition to the flower garden. As we are yet scarcely aware how
-it may bear the cold of our winters, it will be desirable to protect it
-from severe frosts. The genus can now boast of many new and beautiful
-species,</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">P. speciosum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">Richardsonii.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; glandulosum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">procerum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; prunosum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">glaucum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; roseum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">venustum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; pulchellum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">angustifolium.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; campanulatum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">digitalis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; confertum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 29.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig48big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig48.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 30.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Geum Quellyon.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">GEUM</em> Quellyon.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Chili Avens.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Icosandria Polygnia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Geum Quellyon.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Sweet's B. F. G.</i> <i>p.</i> 292.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Geum Coccinium.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Bot. Reg.</i> 1088.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;radical leaves growing in a tuft, large, lobed, lyrate, interruptedly
-pinnate, terminal leaflet cordate, margin dentate; side leaflets
-numerous, sessile, becoming smaller to the base&mdash;cauline leaves sessile,
-pinnatifed&mdash;flowers stem radical, erect, branching&mdash;stipules ovate,
-acute&mdash;peduncles leafy&mdash;flowers terminal&mdash;calyx five segments, reflexed,
-acute&mdash;petals five, bright scarlet, nearly round, emarginate,
-obtuse&mdash;stamens numerous&mdash;radiated filaments inserted in the tube of
-the calyx, anthers yellow, styles many, germen superior&mdash;whole plant
-hairy.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This beautiful plant is a very valuable acquisition to our flower
-borders, from the brilliancy of its colour, and affording a continued
-succession of flowers. Mr. Sweet, and some of the Continental Botanists
-consider the specific name "Coccineum," which has been applied
-to it, as confusing it with the plant known by that name in the
-"Flora Græca," which, it is supposed, has never been introduced
-into this country, it appears of much lower growth than the one now
-figured, with orange flowers, and the terminal leaflet a great deal
-larger. The species before us is a native of Chili, where it is called
-"Quellyon" by the inhabitants, who use the root for medicinal purposes.
-It is a plant of easy cultivation, growing in any common garden
-soil, and is readily increased by seeds or parting the roots; introduced
-into this country about the year 1826. There are only two other
-species worth attention for the flower garden.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">G. montanum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; atlanticum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 30.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig49big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig49.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 31.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Verbena chamædryfolia.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">VERBENA</em> Chamædryfolia.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Scarlet flowered Vervain.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Didynamia Angiospernia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Verbena chamædryfolia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Persoon's Syn.</i> <i>vol.</i> 2. <i>p.</i> 138.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Verbena chamædryfolia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Sweet's B. F. G. 2d series</i>, <i>p.</i> 9.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Verbena melindres.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Bot. Reg.</i> <i>pl.</i> 1184.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous, stem prostrate, branching&mdash;leaves opposite, sessile, oblong,
-ovate, margins deeply serrate, hairy on both sides&mdash;flowers terminal,
-corymbose&mdash;calyx campanulate, five cleft&mdash;corolla very bright crimson,
-tubular, limb spreading, five segments, obtuse emarginate&mdash;throat
-white, hairy&mdash;stamens four, two long, two short, inserted in the tube of
-the corolla&mdash;anthers two lobed, style one, smooth, stigma bifid, germen
-smooth.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>The unrivalled brilliancy of the colour of this beautiful species of
-Verbena, renders it a most ornamental plant for the front of the flower
-borders, and when grown in large patches it is almost impossible to
-give an idea of the dazzling splendour of its appearance; it is a plant
-of the easiest cultivation, and if allowed to grow according to its natural
-habit, which is prostrate, it will propagate itself by the radicles
-which are produced at the different joints, and by this means will attach
-itself to the ground; the plants thus rooted may be removed any
-time. A brown loamy soil, a good deal of moisture, and a sheltered
-situation are necessary, and as it is doubtful how it may bear the severity
-of our winters, it is the safest method to keep some plants
-in a frame, during severe frosts, which will flower early in the ensuing
-spring. It is a native of Paraguay and Buenos Ayres, and was introduced
-into this country about 1827. There are only two other
-species worth cultivating in the flower garden.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">V. aubletia.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; pulchella.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 31.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig50big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig50.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 32.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Linum Narbonense.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">LINUM</em> Narbonense.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Narbonne Flax.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Pentandria Pentagynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Linum Narbonense. <i>Persoon's Syn.</i> <i>vol.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 334.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous,&mdash;stem branching,&mdash;leaves sessile, alternate, linear acute, smooth,
-glaucous,&mdash;flowers terminal on moderate peduncles,&mdash;calyx five segments,
-linear acute,&mdash;corolla bright blue, beautifully vein'd, with a
-darker shade,&mdash;petals five, obovate, margins slightly undulate,&mdash;stamens
-five, anthers oblong, filaments united at the base, surrounding the
-germen, which is crowned by five thread-like styles.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is perhaps the finest and most beautiful species of Linum,
-and bears the largest flowers of any of the hardy kinds. It is a very
-desirable garden plant, continuing long in bloom, and forming a pleasing
-variety from its glaucous foilage. It is a native of Spain, Italy, and
-the south of France, and was introduced into this country about the
-year 1759; though we are not aware that any figure of it has before
-been given. This species may be raised from seed, which is produced in
-abundance; if sown in light rich soil, and protected through the winter,
-the young plants will flower the following summer, and attain the
-height of eighteen inches or two feet when in perfection. It is very
-hardy&mdash;this genus does not afford many ornamental species for a flower
-garden, the most desirable are,</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">L. perenne.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; alpina.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; flavum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 32.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig51big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig51.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 41.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Tigridia conchiflora.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak">TIGRIDIA Conchiflora.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Yellow-flowered Tigridia.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Triandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Tigridia Conchiflora. <i>Sweet's B. F. G.</i> <i>t.</i> 128.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous&mdash;stem radical, angular&mdash;leaves alternate, broadly lanceolate,
-plicate, inflated at the base, dark green, two sheathing spathes at the
-base of the corolla, ovate, lanceolate&mdash;corolla bright orange, slightly
-tinted with a redder shade on the margin of the petals, base spotted
-with dark crimson&mdash;petals six, three outer petals broadly ovate, acute,
-base concave, three inner ones smaller, panduriform&mdash;stamens three&mdash;filaments
-united&mdash;anthers oblong&mdash;style longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma
-divided into three parts, each bifid.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is one of the most splendid plants which has been introduced
-into this country. It is a native of Mexico, and was brought thence
-by Mr. Bullock, in 1824. On its first flowering here, it was considered
-a variety only of T. pavonia, but upon careful examination they
-appeared to be perfectly distinct. This is satisfactorily proved by
-Mr. Sweet, in his B. F. G. p. 128. The bulbs may be planted early
-in the spring in light sandy soil, and placed in a green-house or frame,
-as it facilitates their flowering: when the weather permits, the roots
-should be taken out of the pots and put into the open air, in a warm
-sheltered situation, where they will make a brilliant appearance for a
-considerable time&mdash;when they have done flowering, the roots require
-to be taken up and kept dry during the winter. The only species
-with which we are yet acquainted, besides the one figured, is T.
-pavonia.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 41.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig52big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig52.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 42.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Colchicum Byzantinum.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">COLCHICUM</em> Byzantinum.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Broad-leaved Meadow Saffron.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Trigynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Colchicum byzantinum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 1122.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Colchicum byzantinum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Sweet's Hort. Brit.</i> <i>p.</i> 539.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous, very large&mdash;scape radical, many flowered&mdash;corolla lilac pink&mdash;tube
-long, petals six, ob-ovate, spreading, strongly nerved at the back of
-each petal, tipped with a deeper color&mdash;stamens six, three longer than
-the others&mdash;filaments inserted in the base of the petals&mdash;anthers bright
-yellow&mdash;styles three, longer than the stamens&mdash;leaves radical, very
-large, broadly lanceolate, plicate, smooth, appearing after the flowers
-decay.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>There cannot be a greater ornament to the flower garden in
-the autumnal months than the C. byzantinum, which is the finest
-species of the genus. We learn from the Bot. Mag. that, in 1598,
-bulbs of this plant were received by Clusius, at Vienna, from Constantinople,
-but it was not until 1629 that it was introduced into this
-country. It is a native of the Levant, and is perfectly hardy, not
-requiring any particular mode of treatment, except being planted in
-a light soil, mixed with bog. The flowers appear about September,
-but the leaves, which are the largest of any of the species, do not
-arrive at maturity until the following spring. The C. autumnale is
-famed for its medicinal properties. This is not a numerous genus; the
-most desirable species are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">C. crociflorum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; autumnale.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; var. white.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; variegatum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 42.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig53big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig53.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 43.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Helianthus atrorubens.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">HELIANTHUS</em> Atrorubens.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Dark-eyed Sunflower.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Syngenesia Polygamia Frustrania.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Helianthus atrorubens.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Pursh Flo. N. A.</i> <i>vol.</i> 2, <i>p.</i> 573.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Helianthus atrorubens.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 2668.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem tall, erect, branching&mdash;radical leaves very large, broadly
-lanceolate, margins dentate, nerved, of a dark green&mdash;cauline leaves
-sessile, opposite, ovate lanceolate, dentate acute&mdash;calyx many segments
-imbricate, acute&mdash;corolla dark bright yellow&mdash;radiated florets, barren
-dentate&mdash;florets of the disk fertile&mdash;whole plant rugose.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This is perhaps one of the most desirable species of the genus
-Helianthus, from the brilliancy of the colour and its moderate growth.
-It makes a striking appearance when planted at the back of the flower
-borders, and will continue in beauty to a late period in the autumn.
-According to Pursh it is found in the "western parts of Pennsylvania,"
-and was introduced into this country in 1732. It will grow well in
-any good garden soil, and may be increased by parting the roots.
-There are not many species of this genus suitable for a flower garden,
-as they grow to such a large size, and take up so much room: the
-best are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">H. mollis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; multiflorus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; diffusus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 43.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig54big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig54.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 44.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Lupinus mutabilis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">LUPINUS</em> Mutabilis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Changeable-flowered Lupin.</i></p>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Diadelphia Decandria.</span></p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Lupinus mutabilis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 2682.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Lupinus mutabilis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Sweet's B. F. G.</i> <i>vol.</i> 2, <i>p.</i> 130.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;stem suffruticose, branching, smooth&mdash;leaves on long petioles,
-digitate; leaflets (generally nine) oblong, mucronate&mdash;spike lateral&mdash;flowers
-verticillate, on short pedicels, white, changing to a beautiful
-purple as decay approaches&mdash;calyx two segments; upper segment erect,
-emarginate; lower one acute&mdash;vexillum nearly round, sides reflexed,
-yellow at the base&mdash;alæ broad obtuse&mdash;carina acute, enclosing the
-parts of fructification&mdash;stamens ten&mdash;filaments united at the base, concealing
-the germen&mdash;style a little longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma
-very small&mdash;legumen broad, margin deeply undulate, containing generally
-three white smooth seeds.</p>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>The genus Lupinus is now become very interesting, from the
-numerous fine species that have lately been introduced; none can
-exceed in beauty the one here figured, which possesses a peculiar
-attraction from its flowers being most beautiful when in a state of
-decay. According to the Bot. Mag. p. 2682, it was "raised from
-seeds received by Mr. Barclay, from Bogota, in Columbia, and communicated
-in flower in August 1826." There is no doubt it will soon
-be generally cultivated, as it bears seeds in abundance, which may be
-sown in good rich soil in the open ground, and the plants thus reared
-will flower abundantly during the summer months, and continue in
-beauty till destroyed by frost. It is yet uncertain whether this species
-be more than annual. Amongst the finest of this genus are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">L. polyphyllus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">L. nootkatensis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; canaliculatus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; perennis.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; versicolor.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">&mdash; lepidus.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; bicolor.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; leucophyllus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 44.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig55big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig55.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 45.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Papaver nudicaule.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">PAPAVER</em> Nudicaule.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Naked-stalked Poppy.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Polyandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Papaver nudicaule.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Hort. Kew.</i> <i>vol.</i> 3. <i>p.</i> 289.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Papaver nudicaule.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Bot. Mag.</i> <i>pl.</i> 1633.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root fibrous&mdash;leaves radical, clustered, on long channelled petioles, pinnatifid,
-hairy&mdash;stem radical, naked, erect when the flower expands, hairy&mdash;flower
-terminal&mdash;calyx two segments, concave, deciduous&mdash;corolla very
-pale yellow&mdash;petals four spreading, orbicular, margins crenate&mdash;stamens
-numerous, inserted into the receptacle&mdash;anthers dark yellow&mdash;style cylindrical&mdash;stigma
-stellate.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>Though this species of Papaver cannot boast of brilliancy of
-colour, it is nevertheless a very lovely plant from its delicacy and
-simplicity; and, from the continued succession of flowers, it will be found
-an ornamental plant to our gardens. According to the Hort. Kew.
-p. 289, "it is a native of Norway and Siberia, and was cultivated in
-1730 by Dr. James Sherard." Numerous beautiful varieties have
-been raised from seed, which make a very gay appearance all through
-the summer and autumn, until checked by frost: these are quite hardy,
-and will grow in any light rich soil. The most ornamental species are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">P. bracteatum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">rubro-aurantiacum.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; alpinum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp">orientale.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; crocea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 45.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig56big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig56.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 46.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Gladiolus Cardinalis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">GLADIOLUS</em> Cardinalis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Superb Corn-flag.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Triandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-<p class="c">Syn. Gladiolus Cardinalis. <i>Bot. Mag.</i> <i>t.</i> 135.</p>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous&mdash;leaves radical, embracing the stem at the base, linear, lanceolate,
-striate&mdash;scape sometimes two feet in height, drooping, many-flowered&mdash;calyx
-two sheath-like segments, lanceolate, acute&mdash;corolla bright scarlet,
-monopetalous, campanulate, tube long, limb six segments, irregular,
-oblong, ovate, margins undulate; three smaller segments beautifully
-marked with a white stripe on the centre of each&mdash;stamens three&mdash;filaments
-long, inserted in the tube of the corolla&mdash;anthers oblong&mdash;style
-longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma divided into three parts.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>It is almost impossible to give an adequate representation of the
-brilliant colour of this beautiful species of Gladiolus, which was introduced
-into this country from Holland, about the year 1789, by the
-gardener to the King of Naples: though generally considered a tender
-plant, it will be found to grow well out of doors, in a southern aspect
-and sheltered situation, only requiring protection in the winter to keep
-the roots from severe frosts. Many of the bulbs from the Cape of
-Good Hope, of which place this is a native, may be grown well with
-care and attention in the open air, and make a beautiful addition to
-the flower garden in the summer months. The bulbs should be planted
-six or eight inches deep in a rich sandy soil, in a south aspect, where
-they will grow strong and flower freely. The hardiest species are</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">G. tristis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; byzantinus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; communis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; carneus.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; segetum.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 46.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig57big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig57.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 47.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Commelina cœlestis.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad2"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">COMMELINA</em> Cœlestis.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Sky-blue Commelina.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Triandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Commelina Cœlestis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Sweet's B. F. G.</i> <i>t.</i> 3.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Commelina Cœlestis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Rœmer et Schultz, sys. veg. v.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 533.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Commelina Cœlestis.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Wild Enumer</i>, <i>vol.</i> 1. <i>p.</i> 61.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root tuberous, fasciculated, fusiform&mdash;stem erect, branching&mdash;leaves smooth,
-ovate, lanceolate, striate, margins undulate, base concave, sheathing the
-stem, fringed on one side with a line of hairs&mdash;peduncle pubescent&mdash;flower
-terminal&mdash;involucrum cordate, acute, enclosing two or more flowers&mdash;pedicel
-smooth, very short&mdash;calyx three segments, alternate with the
-petals&mdash;corolla bright blue&mdash;petals three, equal, ovate, margins undulate&mdash;nectaries
-three, erect&mdash;stamens three&mdash;filaments recurved&mdash;anthers
-sagittate&mdash;style longer than the stamens&mdash;stigma very small.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>Though this plant is frequently confused with C. tuberosa it is
-proved to be decidedly distinct, Mr. Sweet having obligingly informed
-the author that he has carefully compared the two species, and thus confirmed
-the opinions of Rœmer et Schultz, and other botanists on the
-Continent, where the distinction is now generally adopted. This species,
-which has a larger and lighter coloured flower, longer and narrower
-leaves, than C. tuberosa, is a native of Mexico, and was introduced into
-this country in 1813: it has been generally treated as a green-house
-plant, but it will grow perfectly well in the open air, though from the
-fleshy nature of the roots it is necessary to take them up in winter, and
-treat them in the same manner as Dahlias. C. crassifolia is the only
-species besides the two above mentioned, suitable for the flower garden.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 47.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="figcenter">
-<a href="images/fig58big.jpg">
-<img src="images/fig58.jpg" alt="" />
-</a>
-<p class="caption"><i>Plate 48.</i> <span class="fancy xxxxlarge"><i>Sternbergia lutea.</i></span><br />
-<span class="more"><i>Drawn from Nature by M.R.</i> <span class="pad"><i>Engraved by R. Havell Jun<sup>r.</sup></i></span></span>
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><em class="gesperrt">STERNBERGIA</em> Lutea.</h2>
-
-
-<p class="c"><i>Yellow Sternbergia.</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p class="c"><i>Class and Order.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hexandria Monogynia.</span></p>
-
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">Syn.</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Sternbergia Lutea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Sweet's Hort. Brit.</i> <i>p.</i> 505.</td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;&mdash;</td>
-    <td class="tdl">Amaryllis Lutea.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp2"><i>Bot. Mag.</i> <i>t.</i> 290.</td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Root bulbous&mdash;leaves radical, broadly linear, channelled, obtuse, dark green,
-lighter underneath&mdash;scape one-flowered, seven or eight inches high&mdash;spathe
-ovate, lanceolate&mdash;corolla yellow&mdash;six petals, oblong, obtuse,
-margin entire&mdash;stamens six&mdash;filaments inserted at the base of the petals&mdash;anthers
-oblong&mdash;style one&mdash;stigma very small&mdash;germen large.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-<img src="images/fig4.jpg" alt=""/>
-</div>
-
-<p>This plant, formerly known as Amaryllis lutea, is a native of
-the South of Europe, and various parts of the East. Though introduced
-into this country as early as 1596, it is by no means common.
-When planted in the front of the borders it is very ornamental, particularly
-when exposed to a bright sun, which causes the flowers to expand.
-It has acquired a more interesting character, from the supposition
-entertained by the late Sir J. E. Smith, that it may possibly be
-the Lily of Scripture, to which we find such beautiful allusions in the
-Sacred writings. Sir J. E. S. observes, "It is natural to presume the
-Divine Teacher, according to his usual custom, called the attention of his
-hearers to some object at hand; and, as the fields of the Levant are overrun
-with the Amaryllis lutea, whose golden liliaceous flowers in Autumn
-afford one of the most brilliant and gorgeous objects in nature, the expression
-of 'Solomon, in all his glory, not being arrayed like one of
-these,' is peculiarly appropriate." It is a plant of easy cultivation,
-perfectly hardy, and will grow in any good garden soil. At present
-there are few species of this genus.</p>
-
-<table>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">S. colchiciflora.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-<tr><td class="tdl">&mdash; Clusiana.</td>
-    <td class="tdlp"></td></tr>
-
-</table>
-
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-
-<p>Pl. 48.</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="full x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="transnote">
-
-<p class="c">Transcriber's Notes:</p>
-
-<p>Variations in spelling and hyphenation are retained.</p>
-
-<p>Punctuation has been retained as published.</p>
-
-<p>The order of the plates are as presented in the original publication.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLORAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SEASONS ***</div>
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