diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/64756-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/64756-0.txt | 891 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 891 deletions
diff --git a/old/64756-0.txt b/old/64756-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 90d5e31..0000000 --- a/old/64756-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,891 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of General Harmar's Campaign, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: General Harmar's Campaign - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: March 08, 2021 [eBook #64756] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GENERAL HARMAR'S CAMPAIGN *** - - - - - GENERAL HARMAR’S CAMPAIGN - - - Prepared by the Staff of the - Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County - 1954 - - [Illustration: Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen - County] - -One of a historical series, this pamphlet is published under the -direction of the governing Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne -and Allen County. - - BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL CITY OF FORT WAYNE - - _B.F. Geyer, President_ - _Joseph E. Kramer, Secretary_ - _W. Page Yarnelle, Treasurer_ - _Mrs. Sadie Fulk Roehrs_ - _Willard Shambaugh_ - - PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD FOR ALLEN COUNTY - -The members of this Board include the members of the Board of Trustees -of the School City of Fort Wayne (with the same officers) together with -the following citizens chosen from Allen County outside the corporate -City of Fort Wayne: - - _James E. Graham_ - _Arthur Nieneier_ - _Mrs. Glenn Henderson_ - _Mrs. Charles Reynolds_ - - - - - FOREWORD - - -General Josiah Harmar’s ill-fated campaign in 1790 was the first of -three historic expeditions against the Indians in the Old Northwest. The -defeat of General Arthur St. Clair followed in 1791, and the victory of -General Anthony Wayne in 1794. - -The first article in this pamphlet identifies the exact sites of the -Indian villages around the three rivers. The destruction of these -villages was one of the objectives of Harmar’s campaign. The journal of -one of Harmar’s soldiers and admirers provides a firsthand account of -this expedition and is printed as the second article. The third article -is a speech delivered by James McGrew at a meeting of the Maumee Valley -Monumental and Historical Association on August 15, 1888. - -The Boards and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen -County present this publication in the hope that it will increase -interest in local history. Grammar, spelling, and punctuation have been -changed to conform to current usage. - - - - - INDIAN VILLAGES NEAR FORT WAYNE - - -On October 15, 1790, Colonel Hardin and a detachment of six hundred of -General Harmar’s men reached the Indian towns at the forks of the Maumee -River. The destruction of these towns was the object of General Harmar’s -expedition. When Colonel Hardin’s command arrived at the towns, they -found them abandoned by the Indians. The principal one, called Omee -Town, had been burned. On the seventeenth, General Harmar and the -remainder of the army joined Colonel Hardin. - -Most readers know that there were a number of Indian villages at and -near the junction of the St. Mary’s and St. Joseph rivers, but few -persons know the exact location of these towns. To add to the general -information which we have heretofore given on Fort Wayne’s early -history, we present the testimony of a writer who wrote a supplement to -the official account sent to the War Department. That writer included -some details which could not go into the official report. The supplement -was written in 1791 and was published in the PHILADELPHIA DAILY GENERAL -ADVERTIZER of that year; hence, it may be considered accurate. It was -read in 1840 by the late John W. Vancleve of Dayton, Ohio, who knew much -of the report to be true. With reference to the towns at the forks of -the Maumee, we quote as follows: - -“There were at that time seven towns on the three rivers in the vicinity -of the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Mary’s rivers. The principal -Miami village was called Omee Town, and among its inhabitants were a -considerable number of French traders. Omee Town stood upon the east -bank of the St. Joseph, or north side of the Maumee, directly opposite -the mouth of the St. Mary’s; it had been burned before Colonel Hardin’s -arrival. Another Miami village of thirty houses stood on the bank -opposite Omee Town. The Delawares had three villages. Two were on the -St. Mary’s about three miles from its mouth, with forty-five houses in -all; the other village was on the east bank of the St. Joseph two or -three miles from its mouth, with thirty-six houses. The Shawnee had two -villages about three miles down the Maumee. Chillicothe was on the north -bank with fifty-eight houses, and the other village of sixteen houses -was on the opposite side of the river. The army burned all the houses in -the different villages and destroyed about twenty thousand bushels of -corn which had been hidden by the Indians. Considerable property -belonging to the French traders was also destroyed.” - -The above quotation contains the best information that we have found -concerning the Indian towns at this place. It locates the exact sites of -the Miami towns. The large village was built on the bottom land at the -junction of the Maumee and St. Joseph rivers, and the smaller one was on -the tract afterward called the Wells Pre-emption between Spy Run and the -St. Joseph River. It also ascertains that Chillicothe was a Shawnee town -three miles down the Maumee River. The spot is identified on which -General Harmar dated his orders on October 20, 1790, before starting his -return march to Fort Washington. The Piqua towns mentioned in some -accounts must have been the two Delaware towns located on the St. Mary’s -River which was once called the Pickaway Fork of the Maumee River. - -In 1790 there were five hundred acres of cleared land at and around the -junction of the three rivers. Four years later, on the seventeenth of -September, 1794, General Wayne’s army reached the Maumee villages. The -next day that distinguished commander designated the spot on which to -build a fort. On October 22, the work was finished; and Colonel -Hamtramck, after fifteen rounds of cannon were fired, called it Fort -Wayne. - - -DAWSON’S FORT WAYNE DAILY TIMES, October 15, 1860 - - - - - A SOLDIER’S JOURNAL - - -Colonel Joseph McMaken has obligingly furnished us for publication the -following interesting sketch of General Harmar’s campaign. The writer, -Colonel David H. Morris, Miami County, Ohio, was a sergeant in the -expedition and kept a journal of the most interesting occurrences. -Colonel Morris still has his journal and, at the request of Colonel -McMaken, transcribed this sketch. It may therefore be relied on as -correct; it is, indeed, corroborated by the statements of the late Chief -Richardville and other old residents of Fort Wayne. - -“Fort Washington was the rendezvous. Colonel Hardin, with a regiment of -mounted riflemen, and James Fontaine, with a troop of cavalrymen from -Kentucky and militiamen from Pennsylvania, joined Harmar here. On -September 29, 1790, we began our march and proceeded four miles toward -the Maumee villages near where Fort Wayne now stands. On the thirtieth -of September we moved forward on the Indian trail leading to the old -Chillicothe town on the Little Miami River. When we arrived there after -several days’ marching, we fired our guns and reloaded them. - -“In the evening we encamped about one mile above James Galloway’s -residence. The next day we crossed Mad River and encamped a little below -the site of New Carlisle. Here we killed twenty cows that had been -condemned because of injuries received from the stronger cattle. The -next day we crossed Indian Creek, which I named in honor of an old -Shawnee chief; the same day we crossed Lost Creek in Miami County. In -the evening we encamped two miles north of Staunton. On the following -day we crossed the Miami River, just above where Piqua is now located. -Indians who had crossed the river just before us had left their canoe. -They had killed a cub bear, cut the skin into small pieces, and placed -it on stumps. From this circumstance, we were sure that we had been -discovered. That evening we encamped near Upper Piqua and the next day -moved toward the St. Mary’s River. About midday seven Indians were -discovered and pursued by the scouting party. One of them was taken; he -proved to be a half-breed about twenty years old, and a sullen dog he -was! - -“We crossed Loramie Creek next morning, where Clark or Logan had burned -a village some ten years before. After crossing the divide to the St. -Mary’s River, we encamped. A council of war decided that Colonel Hardin -with a detachment from the army should proceed by forced marches to the -Maumee villages, intercept the Indians in their flight, and, if -possible, capture their goods and furs. In this they were disappointed; -all the buildings were on fire when the detachment arrived. Directly -after Colonel Hardin took possession of the town, two Indians were fired -upon as they rode into the plain west of the St. Joseph River. The next -day their horses were found, and it was supposed from the quantity of -blood discovered that both Indians had been killed. General Harmar -arrived two days after Colonel Hardin had taken possession of the place. -The next day two Indians were discovered, and one of them was shot down -but not killed. When a young Kentuckian attempted to end the Indian’s -misery, his pistol failed to fire; the Indian raised his rifle and -fatally shot the white man through the body. We remained in this -encampment for several days; a great deal of corn, beans, and other -supplies were destroyed. - -“On the evening of October 16, Captain McClure killed a Delaware chief -called Captain Pauk. On the seventeenth we remained stationary; this day -six brass kettles containing $32.00 were found buried in the hazel -thicket. On the eighteenth Colonel Hardin was sent up the St. Joseph -River to burn two towns; one was twelve and the other was eighteen miles -from our camp. At the same time General Harmar marched down the Maumee -River to Chillicothe and encamped. - -“Colonel Hardin destroyed the Indian towns and on his return was -attacked about ten miles from Fort Wayne, near the late Captain Hull’s -farm at Eel River. When the Indians fired upon them, the Kentucky -mounted riflemen wheeled their horses and made for the camp. The -Pennsylvania militia and the regular soldiers were left a prey to savage -barbarity; one officer and four private soldiers never returned to the -camp. The nineteenth was spent in camp. Cannon were fired throughout the -day in hopes that some of the men had escaped the massacre and could -find the camp from the sound; none came. - - [Illustration: TWO INDIANS WERE FIRED UPON] - -“On the twentieth we started home and encamped that night six or seven -miles from the Maumee villages. About midnight David Williams, a spy and -our principal guide, who had been a prisoner among the Indians for many -years and who had been left behind to observe their movements, came into -camp. He reported that about 120 Indians had collected in the bend -opposite the site of Fort Wayne. On hearing this news, a council -resolved to send a detachment back to disperse them. This force was put -under the command of Colonel Hardin, Major Willis, Captains Ashton and -Frothingham of the regulars, Major Fontaine and Captain Gains of the -Kentucky horse company, and Captains McMullen and Saunders of the -Kentucky mounted riflemen. I have forgotten the names of the other -officers. - -“The troops were put in motion as quickly as possible. By sunrise they -arrived at the ford of the Maumee River. As soon as our men entered the -river, the Indians opened a brisk fire upon them. Major Fontaine -succeeded in gaining the bank and discovered the main body of Indians -concealed in ambush. He gave orders to halt until the main body of his -men got across the river; at that moment he was shot dead. By this time -the right and left flanks, composed of Kentucky mounted men, had gained -the bank. A small party of Indians on each wing fled as if defeated, and -the horsemen pursued. As soon as the horsemen were separated from the -footmen, the savages fell upon our people with the utmost fury. Major -Willis was killed charging the enemy. Captain McMullen discovered the -stratagem of the enemy, wheeled about, approached the back of the -Indians, and made dreadful havoc in their ranks. Captain Ashton was of -the opinion that forty of the enemy fell at the first fire. The Indians -gave way and were driven across the St. Joseph River with great -slaughter. Two soldiers, Captain Ashton says, signalized themselves on -this occasion by using their bayonets to gig the foe like fish. - - [Illustration: DAVID WILLIAMS CAME INTO THE CAMP] - -“Richardville, a Miami chief now dead, who was in the engagement, -related that the river ran red with blood, and that he could cross the -river on dead bodies. During the battle an incident occurred that -deserves to be noticed. An old Indian had two boys who rushed into the -river by his side. One son was shot down near him; the old man dropped -his gun and seized his son to save the boy’s scalp from his enemies. The -other son was killed also. The father drew them to shore and sat down -between them, where he was killed. - -“Some blame has been attached to General Harmar for not returning to aid -Colonel Hardin; it is certainly without foundation. A young Kentuckian, -who was wounded through the wrist while in the river, reported that the -enemy was completely routed and flying. In this sanguinary engagement, -eighty-three regulars were killed; only Captain Ashton and six privates -survived. In both engagements one hundred militiamen were killed. - -“I cannot, in justice to my feelings, close this communication without -saying a word in commendation of General Harmar. I knew him intimately, -for I was favored with his personal friendship and was in service under -his immediate command for four years, eight months, and twenty-one days. -Throughout the whole of the campaign of which I have been writing, I was -quartered within twenty feet of the General’s marquee. - -“The reader will perceive from this fact that I had the best opportunity -of observing everything that happened. My recollection is greatly -assisted by my orderly book, in which I recorded every order given by -the General and every circumstance I thought worthy of being remembered. -But to conclude, I regard General Harmar as a veteran soldier, an -accomplished gentleman, and especially as a sincere friend of the poor -soldier. - - DAVID H. MORRIS” - - -FORT WAYNE SENTINEL, March 4, 1843 - - [Illustration: THE FATHER DREW THEM TO SHORE] - - - - - SPEECH OF JAMES McGREW - - -Ladies and Gentlemen: - -As I stand in your presence, I remember that my father, John McGrew, was -born in York County, Pennsylvania, in 1766, ten years before the signing -of the Declaration of Independence. I remember that he was married in -Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and moved to near Georgetown, -Kentucky, in 1788. He was one of those men who commenced the settlement -of the Ohio Valley, the centennial of which is being so generally -celebrated this year. I remember that in 1788 my father’s brother, sick -on a flatboat that was decoyed to the shore just above the mouth of the -Licking River opposite where Cincinnati now stands, was thought to have -been tomahawked, for he was never heard from afterward. It was the -custom of the Indians to tomahawk all sick persons who could not be -carried into captivity. I also remember that my father was in the bloody -and disastrous Indian fight just across your own Maumee River in 1790. - -I say I remember these facts. Yes, as they with a multitude of other -events come rushing upon my memory, I feel as though I belonged in the -dim distance of the past age. Yet, I am glad to be among you today to -assist in calling up these recollections and in doing honor to the brave -and heroic men—and women, too, God bless them—who blazed their way -through the dense forests of this northwestern region ninety to one -hundred years ago. - -I do not know that I can do better than to recite much of what I wrote -to Allan H. Dougall. My letter to him was written last December at the -suggestion of the Honorable Charles F. Muhler, mayor of your city. It -came about in this way. I saw in the CHICAGO DAILY NEWS of October 23, -1887, that Henry M. Williams of your city had erected a handsome iron -fence around the ground formerly occupied by the old fort. He had also -erected a flagpole, from the top of which floated a beautiful American -flag. And he had formally presented the whole to your city on October -22, 1887, the ninety-third anniversary of the dedication of the old -fort. It was stated that this was also the ninety-seventh anniversary of -General Harmar’s battle with the Indians at the ford of the Maumee -River. - -This statement called to my mind the fact that my father was in that -engagement with the Indians, and I stated this in a letter to Mayor -Muhler. In reply, he wrote me that Colonel Dougall was greatly -interested in the early history of Fort Wayne and the Maumee Valley, and -that the Colonel would be glad to learn any facts from me relating to -the early history of this area. This caused me to write the letter I -will now read. Some of you may have read it last winter when it was -published in one of your city papers. But as there are doubtless many -persons here who have not seen or heard it, you will excuse my reading -it before your society. - - Kankakee, Illinois - December 11, 1887 - - Allan H. Dougall, Esq. - Fort Wayne, Indiana - Dear Sir: - - Mayor C. F. Muhler states in his letter, dated November 22, that you - are the local secretary of the Maumee Valley Monumental and Historical - Association, and that you are greatly interested in the early history - of Fort Wayne and the Maumee Valley. As my father was with General - Harmar in his 1790 campaign against the Indians of the Old Northwest, - Mayor Muhler wrote that you thought I must have gained a good deal of - traditional information about the Indian campaigns between 1790 and - 1794 and about the early history of Fort Wayne. - - Well, such is the case, especially in reference to General Harmar’s - defeat on the twenty-second of October, 1790. In order to come to a - better understanding of what gave rise to General Harmar’s campaign - and other expeditions against the Indians of the Northwest, it is - necessary for us to recall the treaty made at Fort Harmar on January - 9, 1789, by Governor St. Clair with the chiefs and warriors of the - Wyandot, Chippewa, Potawatomi, and Sauk nations. This treaty was a - renewal and confirmation of the agreement previously made at Fort - McIntosh, and it was hoped that the early settlers would be secure in - a large degree from molestation by these and the other Indian tribes - in the Ohio Valley and the Miami of the Lakes. Undoubtedly this - treaty, which gave the general impression that immigrants to the Ohio - Valley would be secure against serious molestation, induced the tide - of immigration in this direction immediately thereafter. - - But it was soon found that notwithstanding this treaty, roving bands - of Indians were continuing to commit depredations upon all the new - settlements. Horses, cattle, and other forms of property were stolen; - settlers were captured and carried off as prisoners; and quite a - number of white men were killed near the Miami River. The feeling of - alarm and insecurity became very general, and blockhouses were erected - in nearly all the new settlements. - - In June, 1789, Major Doughty with about 140 men commenced building - Fort Washington where Cincinnati now stands. In the fall of that year, - General Harmar with three hundred men arrived and took possession of - the fort. After all negotiations with the Indians had failed, General - Harmar was ordered to attack their towns. In compliance with this - order, in the summer and fall of 1790 he gathered a force of thirteen - hundred men at Fort Washington. Less than one fourth of the men were - regular soldiers; the others were volunteer militiamen. In September - he commenced his march against the Indians of the Maumee country, - known in early times as the Miami of the Lakes. The Indians were - constantly committing depredations upon the white settlers in southern - Ohio, northern Kentucky, and, indeed, throughout the entire Ohio - Valley. - - My father, who had moved from Pennsylvania to Kentucky in 1788, was - one of the mounted volunteers who accompanied General Harmar. They - marched, as I now recollect, via Greenville, Ohio, to the Maumee - country, where they destroyed a few patches of corn and an Indian - village near the site of Fort Wayne. Having accomplished this, General - Harmar proposed to march back to Fort Washington. This caused great - dissatisfaction among the volunteer forces; and a proposition was made - to recruit volunteers to attack the Indians, who were known to be not - far beyond the north side of the Maumee River. - - The volunteer force was organized under Colonel Hardin and other brave - officers. On the morning of October 22, 1790, they forded the Maumee - River and pushed north to a small prairie, with a boggy strip in the - middle which was troublesome to cross on horseback. The Indians lay - concealed in the timber on the opposite side. The two rangers and the - greater part of the command had crossed the bog and were approaching - the timber, wholly unconscious of impending danger, when suddenly the - rangers were shot down. My father said: - - “There was an awful pause; then all at once the whole forest seemed on - fire (this was the result of flintlocks), accompanied by the reports - of hundreds of rifles, which sent a shower of bullets into our ranks - and resulted in fearful loss of life. My comrades fell on all sides.” - - In the hasty retreat that followed, the horses made a rapid approach - to the bog and naturally sank into it. While they were struggling - through the quagmire, the Indians had a decided advantage. The - greatest loss of life occurred here and at the attempted refording of - the river. The survivors were scattered in every direction. - - My father was one of the five who, under the leadership of “Indian - Davie” (who at one time had been an Indian prisoner), pushed northward - through a terrible tangle of grapevines, greenbriers, and hazel brush - which grew along the St. Joseph River. They succeeded in crossing the - river quite a distance above its junction with the St. Mary’s. Then - they made their way back on the west side of the river to a point - nearly opposite Harmar’s headquarters. Here they crossed the St. - Mary’s River and came into camp with their clothes almost torn off - them and their flesh fearfully lacerated by thorns and greenbriers. - - My father was very severe in his denunciation of General Harmar. He - said that Harmar neither sent help to cover the retreating forces nor - provided help which the wounded men needed to get back to camp. All - Harmar did was to keep a cannon booming so that the stragglers might - know where the camp was. Once, after having heard what someone had - written in palliation of Harmar’s conduct on that occasion, my father - replied: “There is not a word of truth in what he says; Harmar was a - distressed old coward.” - - To give you some idea of my father’s courage and daring, I will - mention one instance. He moved from Kentucky in 1796 and located five - miles south of Dayton, Ohio. Soon after he settled there, the Indians - stole a mare and two colts from him. Later he found two of the horses - at an Indian camp just across the Miami River from Dayton. He tried to - get someone in Dayton to go with him to get the mare and colt, but no - one dared go. He went to the camp about sundown. As there were only - two or three squaws in camp, he took his mare and colt and made all - possible speed toward home, which he reached in safety and where he - stood sentinel all night. - - Mrs. Shroyer saw him pass two miles south of Dayton. A short time - later she was shocked and trembled with fear as she saw three Indians - in hot pursuit with rifles and tomahawks. Fortunately, night came on, - and they lost his trail. The next day my father took his rifle and - went alone to the camp. By signs he made them understand that he had - retrieved the mare and colt that they had stolen from him. He demanded - the other two-year-old colt. By signs, they indicated that it was - dead. The Indians never disturbed him again. - - My father was engaged in forwarding supplies for General William Henry - Harrison’s forces at the time of the fight with the Indians at the - Battle of Tippecanoe. I was with my father at Germantown, Montgomery - County, Ohio, in the summer of 1840, when he met General Harrison - (afterward President Harrison) for the first time after the Tippecanoe - campaign. Had I time, I could tell you other exploits of my father - with the Indians, but I forbear wearing out your patience. I doubt if - there is another man living whose father was in that fight with the - Indians on October 22 at the ford of the Maumee. - - Most of this information is traditional, handed down from father to - son. I have been greatly helped in calling to mind many of these - incidents and occurrences by my brother-in-law, Dr. Samuel H. Binkley, - of Alexanderville, Montgomery County, Ohio. He is a geologist of high - standing and is one of the noted archaeologists in the country. Dr. - Binkley has one of the finest geological and archaeological cabinets - to be seen in the West. This collection is closely related to - historical and monumental matters. - - I will mention that I, too, have some early recollections of Fort - Wayne. In the fall of 1838 I passed through here, driving a - three-horse team moving a relative to Whitley County, Indiana, near - where Columbia City now stands. As I now recollect, Fort Wayne was - then a town of log houses, principally. I think the courthouse was a - square building with a roof run up to a point from all four sides. If - I am not right in this, some of you old settlers can correct me. I - passed through this city in 1846 or 1847 on a canalboat with Mr. - Tabour, an early settler at Logansport. About the same time, I passed - through with Mr. Elsworth, of Lafayette, who was at that time - commissioner of patents at Washington. In 1856 Olif Johnson and - Colonel Sweet of Galva, Illinois, General Thomas Henderson, now in - Congress from the seventh Illinois district, and I went bathing (we - called it swimming) in the Maumee River a short distance below your - then small city. - - Sincerely yours, - JAMES McGREW - -You will agree that I have some personal recollections of your city and -the Maumee country. I think of Fort Wayne and the Maumee country as -historic ground, baptised with the blood of brave and patriotic men. -These men were as heroic as any who have lived in this country; and -their toils, hardships, daring, and courage, as well as their -patriotism, deserve to be kept green in our memories. - - -FORT WAYNE JOURNAL, August 16, 1888 - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GENERAL HARMAR'S CAMPAIGN *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |