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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9f8ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #64715 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64715) diff --git a/old/64715-0.txt b/old/64715-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 11fb323..0000000 --- a/old/64715-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,896 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Palm Sunday, by Maria Callcott - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Palm Sunday - or, Little Mary's Saturday's walk - - -Author: Maria Callcott - - - -Release Date: March 6, 2021 [eBook #64715] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PALM SUNDAY*** - - -Transcribed from the 1840 W. Birch edition by David Price. - - - - - - PALM SUNDAY: - - - OR, - - LITTLE MARY’S SATURDAY’S WALK. - - * * * * * - - BY LADY CALLCOTT. - - * * * * * - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - PRINTED FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE KENSINGTON SCHOOLS IN PEEL STREET, - HOPE TERRACE, AND THE POTTERIES. - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - * * * * * - - KENSINGTON: - - PRINTED BY W. BIRCH, HIGH STREET. - - 1840. - - PRICE ONE SHILLING. - - * * * * * - - - - -PALM SUNDAY; -OR, -LITTLE MARY’S SATURDAY’S WALK. - - -“COME, Mary!” said Mr. Lumley to his little girl, one Saturday afternoon, -“put on your bonnet and your thick shoes. I am going to Davies’s -cottage, and there is a basket for you to carry, with some work for Jane, -and some jelly for her grandmother. The lane is pretty clean, and the -stepping-stones, even the rickety one, quite out of water.” - -Before the last comfortable assurance could be heard, Mary was ready for -the walk. - -Papa at leisure on a fine Saturday afternoon to help her to enjoy her -holiday would have been enough; but to go to old Molly Davies, and to see -her favourite Sunday-scholar Jane, was pleasure indeed. - -It was a charming afternoon,—one of the first that Mary had called so -that spring. The winter had been severe; there had been no fine -Saturdays in February, scarcely one in March. But on this, the wind was -soft, the sun was shining, the violets had no withered brown edges to -their deep blue petals, but looked and smelt as March violets should look -and smell. In the sheltered lane there were a few full-blown primroses -among the moss, the woolly stems of the cowslips were already peeping up -in the meadows, and innumerable buds of all Mary’s favourite spring -flowers seemed ready to open in the warm sunshine. - -“Oh, papa, how happy I am!” cried the little girl, as she shewed him a -lap full of gay colours. “Here are yellow pileworts, and grey -lady’s-smocks, and wood sorrel, and cowslips, ready to blow; and, I -declare, there’s a wood anemone quite blown. Oh! this year these darling -anemones will answer to their pretty name of pasque-flower, for they will -be in full beauty by Easter. - -“Do you know, papa, I feel as if it were more good in God to create -beautiful things to make us happy when we only look at them, than even to -give us needful and useful things, which are often far from being -beautiful or pleasant. I hope I am not foolish or wrong to say so.” - -“No, my little Mary. I remember the wise and good Mrs. W—y said the same -thing, almost in your very words, to me some years ago, when she saw a -bunch of spring flowers in water on the table of a sick friend. I am -glad you are learning to see and love the goodness of God while you are -young; it will make it easier to do your duty towards him for the rest of -your life.” - -“Hush! dear papa. Hush one moment!—I am almost sure I hear a willow-wren -in the hedge; and those wagtails! I declare they are catching flies -already; and look! there are the little tadpoles all gathering round that -green mossy stone, how merry they are in the clear water! But here we -are at Davies’s cottage, and there’s a thrush singing; and old Molly says -the thrushes sing earlier in the copse behind their house than anywhere -else. Do you think it’s true, papa?” - -“I don’t know, my dear. But run in and settle it with Molly, while I -step on to the overseer’s; and by the time you are ready to go home, I -will call for you.” - -Now, this was just what Mary liked. She went into the house by herself, -and felt very important as she opened her basket and gave Jane directions -about the needle-work to be done for her mamma, and then helped her to -spread the cloth on Molly’s little deal table, that she might eat some of -the jelly, to do her good directly, as Mary said. - -Meantime, the flowers were laid out in due order by the two little girls; -and as soon as Molly was at leisure, a hundred questions were asked at -once, but as she declared she could only answer one by one, Mary was -obliged to curb her impatience. - -“Well, then,” she said, “do tell me why this pretty yellow flower is -called pile-wort?” - -“I have been told,” said Molly, “that wort means root or plant in -general; as for the _pile_ you know that is an old word for cross, and as -you have brought a bit of the root, I can shew you why this is called -pile-wort, or cross-root. Look, I will cut the root across, and you will -see a number of black spots in the form of a cross, upon the white part. -In former days this root was used in washes and salves, for healing many -kinds of sores. This pretty little green leaf, whose flower is just -budding, lying close by, is adder’s-tongue; and I still often boil it -with sweet oil and wax to make salve for the wounds and cuts that mowers -and reapers are apt to meet with in the course of their work.” - -“And what do you do with the lady’s-smocks?” cried Mary. “I see such a -store of dried ones hanging up there!” - -“They are the remains of last year’s gathering, Miss. The powder made of -them is given for agues. The bundles of roots hanging by them belong to -your pasque-flower: they are good in powders and in drinks for obstinate -coughs; and this pinkish wood-sorrel makes a sort of tea which is very -good for colds. In short, you have not brought anything but the pretty -primroses that I do not remember using or seeing used to cure some -ailment or other.” - -“What, Molly, even the violets?” - -“Oh yes, Miss! The syrup of violets makes people sleep as well as the -laudanum the doctors are so fond of now-a-days. But next month and the -one after it are those of all the year that bring forth most of the -plants of which the leaves and flowers are good for physic. August and -September ripen such as have most virtue in the seeds and roots. If your -mamma likes it, I shall be very glad to tell you all I know about these -things, and Jane can shew you all the plants I use in the fields.” - -“Thank you!—thank you, dear Molly! but here comes Sam, with a whole -bundle of sticks. What can they be? Oh, I see now, they are palms to -wear to-morrow. Are they good to cure sickness? And why do we call them -palms, and carry them about on Palm Sunday?” - -“Why, Miss, I think you had better ask your papa the two last questions, -and, in the meantime, I will do my best to answer the first. The bark of -willows in general, but particularly that of the sallow, which is the -palm-willow, has long been known and used as a cure for agues and low -fevers; and though the elm and some other barks were employed, yet none -was found to be so good as the sallow, till the Jesuits brought the bark -of a shrub from America, about two hundred years ago, which is so much -more powerful as a cure for the same disorders that the European barks -are nearly out of use. {5} But here comes your papa, and I shall be as -glad as you to hear what he will have to tell you.” - -“Papa! papa!” cried the eager little girl, as she ran to meet her father, -“do come in quick, and tell Molly, and Jane, and me, all about them.” - -“All about what, or who, my dear? The new benches in the church, or the -children in the new school?” - -“No, no, not now; but about the palms, papa! and Palm-Sunday, and why we -carry palms, and—” - -“Enough, enough, my little girl. If I answer all those questions, I must -sit down in the chimney-corner, and Jane must give me a draught of whey, -and Molly must have patience with us for at least half an hour.” - -“That I will, and be thankful too, your reverence,” said the old woman. -Jane dusted the settle, and brought the whey, and the party was soon -seated. - -And now, who so happy as little Mary? Seated on her father’s knee, -hoping to have all her questions answered, with old Molly in the opposite -chimney-corner, Jane at work in the window-seat, and old puss purring on -the hearth: it was far the best Saturday afternoon she had known, this -year at any rate. - -“You know, my little Mary,” said Mr. Lumley, “that what you call palms -are really branches of willow in flower, and that all willows bear their -flowers, called catkins, before their leaves come out. I think you know, -also, that real palms are trees which only grow in hot climates, whose -large branch-like leaves grow like a crown, distinguishing them among -trees, on the top of the stem, whether it be only one year old or a -hundred. I think you can compare a palm-leaf to nothing so aptly as to -the ostrich feathers which ladies wear in their head-dresses. - -“Now these palm branches have been thought, at all times and in all -places, so beautiful as to be fit to carry before kings and conquerors, -as signs of victory and of fame likely to last.” - -“In what particular country was that, papa?” - -“Wherever palms grew at first, but by degrees neighbouring countries -adopted the palm as a sign of victory, and we read of them in every -profane history as well as in the Bible, where you know the palm is often -named.” - -“Was there any reason besides the beauty of the leaf for this, papa?” - -“You shall judge. The palm leaf, even when cut from the tree, is not -subject to decay. In the countries where it grows it is used to thatch -houses, nay, even for the walls when woven into mats. Palm mats make -soft bedding for men, and safe cradles for infants; and I have seen -labourers in rice grounds well sheltered from sun and heavy rain by a -hood and cloak made of one leaf of a palm-tree. The fibres of many kinds -of palm are woven into coarse cloth, and most of them furnish materials -for strong and durable ropes. - -“The juice that flows from the top of several palms, when a small cut has -been made either in the bark or at the foot-stalk of a leaf, is as -refreshing as Jane’s whey, when fresh; and after standing a few days a -strong spirit is often distilled from it. The juice from the date palm, -indeed, when boiled, produces a very sweet, dark-coloured sugar, called -jagree. - -“The palm-tree wood is useful in building; it resists the attacks of all -insects, even those of the white ant, and is perhaps the most durable -wood in the world.” - -“How can we know that, papa?” - -“A piece of timber was lately brought to England from the ruins of -Babylon. It was found in the ceiling of a chamber where it must have -been at the very least for two thousand years. Your dear friend Mr. -Brown examined it, and found it was palm-tree wood.” - -“How wonderful! but, papa, has the palm-tree any fruit fit to eat?” - -“What think you of cocoa-nuts and dates? You like them both, I think; -and in many countries these fruits furnish great part of the food of the -natives during many months of the year. And from the refuse cocoas and -the seeds and nuts of other palms a sweet oil, good for food as well as -for lamps, is pressed.” - -“Dear papa, you might well say the palm is distinguished among trees. -Were there many palms in Palestine?” - -“Yes, my dear; and in Egypt, where the Jews dwelt so long, many more; -nay, even while they wandered in the desert, they often came to clumps of -date trees, whose charming shade, sweet fruit, and refreshing juice, were -to them truly a ‘table in the wilderness.’ You cannot wonder, then, that -on all occasions of rejoicing, and especially on the solemn feasts, when -the heads of families went up to Jerusalem to worship, the people -gathered the branches and carried them with their other offerings to the -temple, where they probably formed shades and screens from the intense -heat of the sun, while they waited in the court of the people.” - -“Has that custom of the Jews anything to do with our carrying palms on -Palm Sunday?” - -“It is the origin of it. You have read in the New Testament, when our -blessed Saviour was preparing, with his disciples, to eat his last -paschal supper in Jerusalem, the people met him as he was riding towards -the gates of the city, and received him with shouts and rejoicing, crying -to him, HOSANNAH! which means, SAVE, WE BESEECH THEE, and strewing palm -branches in his way, and some even spreading their own clothes before -him. - -“As this is supposed to have happened a few days before the feast of the -passover, which was, and indeed still is, observed by the Jews at the -same time with our Easter, though not always on the very day, the first -Christians used to carry palm branches into their churches on the Sunday -before Easter, in memory of Christ’s entry into Jerusalem.” - -“Well; but, papa, how came we to use willows instead of palms?” - -“It was natural that, as the first Christians were all Jews by birth, -they should observe many of the customs and ceremonies of the Temple of -Jerusalem in their own churches; and when the Christians became numerous, -and gained riches and power in all countries, that their priests and -bishops should wish to make the worship of the Christians at least as -grand as the worship in the ancient temple of the Jews. Accordingly, -they imitated as far as they could the dresses and music, and some of the -offerings; and among these that of the palm leaves. - -“Now, the Christians in most of the countries of Europe looked upon the -bishop or pope of Rome with the same reverence that the Jews paid to -their high-priest, and considered the chief church of Rome as holy as the -old Temple of Jerusalem. Of course, it was impossible for many of them -to go to Rome every year to worship there; but every one who could -possibly afford it went thither once in his life, and carried offerings -in money, or jewels, or curious things, such as he could afford. -Noblemen and kings gave great estates to the church; and for some -hundreds of years, the popes pretended to have authority over all kings -and princes. During that period, the visitors to Rome were not to be -counted. The ceremonies observed during the whole week before Easter -attracted crowds from all countries. The churches were decorated with -costly hangings of tapestry, or gold and silver cloth, or silk and -velvet. And on Palm Sunday, in the church where the pope himself sung -the service, the altar was covered and ornamented with palm branches. - -“At a particular part of the forenoon prayer, the pope pronounced a -blessing over the palms, which were the signs of the victory of -Christianity over the heathen; and then the palms were distributed to the -cardinals, the bishops, the princes, and, in short, to as many persons as -they would serve.” - -“What was that for?” interrupted Mary. - -“Such of the persons receiving them, as had come on a pilgrimage from a -distant country to Rome, carried these palms home, as a sign that they -had accomplished their undertaking, and called themselves palmers in -consequence. They, and all who had palms from the church, preserved them -carefully, as they believed that the blessing pronounced over them by the -pope would extend to the house in which they were kept.” - -“Now, papa, tell us why we call willows palms, and gather them for Palm -Sunday.” - -“A little patience, my dear, and I will. I need not say that palm-trees -do not grow in all the countries where there are Christians. Even in -Italy the climate does not suit them. There is, however, one small sandy -valley, open to the sea and the southern sun, on the coast of Genoa, -where the date-palm is cultivated on purpose to supply Rome with branches -for Palm Sunday; and I have heard it said that it is the exclusive -privilege of _one_ family living in a village on the coast to furnish -these branches, because it is descended from a sailor to whom the right -was granted in reward for having, by quickness and presence of mind, -saved the lives of hundreds, and ensured success to the raising the -immense obelisk of Egyptian granite in the Piazza di San Pietro, where it -has stood ever since the days of Pope Sixtus the Fifth, who was pope from -1585 to 1590. At his command it was raised out of the earth in which it -lay buried by the enterprising skill of the architect Domenic Fontana. -Crowds assembled to behold the wonderful work. Silence was enjoined to -all upon pain of death, that nothing might for one moment draw the -attention of the workmen from what they were about, or prevent their -hearing the signals agreed upon. A Genoese sailor, however, accustomed -by his seafaring life to the management of ropes, perceived that the -cords to which the obelisk was fastened were slackening, and, in defiance -of the order, loudly cried out, ‘_Acqua_! _acqua_!’ (Water! water!) -Fontana instantly understood his meaning and the danger, and ordered -pails-full to be brought and splashed over them, by which means the -ropes, which had been dried too much by the sun, were quickly tightened -again, and the heavy obelisk saved from falling upon the workmen.” - -“Oh, papa, how could that be?” said Mary. - -“When you go home, your brothers will shew you the difference wetting -will make in the length of a rope, and then you will understand my story -better. I am sure Molly and Jane know it already by their washing-lines. -But to finish my story. - -“The brave sailor was tried and sentenced to be put to death for -disobedience to the Pope’s orders; nor was it (the story goes) without -difficulty that Fontana obtained his pardon, and, as it seems, a slender -reward for so great a service. - -“It is probable, too, that this family may be employed to manufacture -artificial branches, when (as is frequently the case) the trees -themselves do not supply a number equal to the demand. {9} This they -contrive by tying reeds and sedges to willow wands, in imitation of the -palm leaf, and placing a portion of the _real_ palm at the tip of the -mock one.” - -“Oh, thank you, papa—thank you. What a pretty story, what a brave, good -man the sailor was; how I love him! I hope it is quite true, papa. - -“Indeed, my dear, so do I, and I am inclined to believe that it is.” - -“But what a pity there is no more of it, papa. We have not been sitting -in this snug corner nearly half an hour. Have we, Molly? Have we, Jane? -You are not tired, dear Molly?” - -“Oh no, my dear Miss Mary. Perhaps,” continued the old woman, “your papa -can tell us why the willow, rather than any other tree, was chosen to -represent the palm; if he really will spare us a little more of his -time?” - -“Willingly,” said Mr. Lumley. “From the prayer of consecration used in -early times on presenting the palms at Rome, we learn that fruit and -flowers were also presented. This clearly shews that the whole ceremony -was copied from some of those of the Temple of Jerusalem. There, at the -Feast of the Tabernacles, along with the palm branches, boughs of the -willow and myrtle, and the fruit of the citron, each perfect in its kind, -were presented by every man to the priest at the altar.” - -“Why was that, papa?” - -“The palm, as I told you before, was a sign of victory; and the Jews -loved to worship God as the leader of their hosts, as the Lord of -Battles. The willow grows by the fresh water brooks, and is a sign of -fertility; it was properly laid on the altar of Him ‘who openeth his hand -and filleth all things living with plenteousness.’ The myrtle is a shade -and shelter from the heat, and its bark and leaves preserve all materials -tanned with them from decay; it is in reference, I think, to this -quality, that Queen Esther is often called Hadassah, or the Myrtle, -because she sheltered the Israelites and preserved them from the malice -of Haman. As to the ripe citron, its fragrance, its beauty, and perhaps -its quality of keeping long unspoiled when gathered from the tree, fitted -it for an offering representing the beauty and fruitfulness of the land -of promise. - -“Now you see, Mary, that of the trees or fruits offered in the Temple of -Jerusalem, or the church of Rome, the willow is the only one which is -found in the northern countries of Europe, and therefore the only one -likely to be used by us on Palm Sunday.” - -“I am sure,” said old Molly, when Mr. Lumley had done speaking, “we shall -not easily forget why we gather willows and carry them instead of palms, -eight days or so before Easter. Can your reverence tell us if the poor -Jews preserve any of these customs now?” - -“A great many; although the glory is departed from their temple, many -with true hearts continue to perform their ceremonies, and to the best of -their power, to make their offerings in their synagogues. At present, I -have not time to tell you more than that they spare no expense to procure -fair citrons and flowering myrtles: the willow, you know, they find -everywhere; but they generally supply the place of palm by the branch of -an almond tree.” - -Mary’s half hour was now spent. The minute-hand of Molly’s great clock -pointed to half-past three. Mamma expected her and papa home by four; -so, tying on her bonnet, she bade Molly and Jane good-bye, and followed -by Sam, with a bundle of palms for her brothers, she set out gaily on her -walk home, gathering fresh flowers for her own flower-pot, and arranging -the new things she had learned that day in her little head, by the help -of a question to papa every now and then about citrons, myrtles, willows, -and palms. - - - - -BOTANICAL NAMES OF LITTLE MARY’S FLOWERS. - -March Violet _Viola Odorata_ -Primrose _Primula Vulgaris_ -Cowslip _Primula Veris_ -Pilewort _Ranunculus Ficuria_ -Lady’s-smocks _Cardamine Pratensis_ -Wood Sorrel _Oxalis Acetosella_ -Pasque Flower _Anemone Pulsatilla_ -White Wood Anemone _Anemone Nemerosa_ -Adder’s Tongue _Ophioglossum Vulgaris_ -Sallow _Salix Aquatica_. - -MEDICINAL USES -ACKNOWLEDGED BY LINDLEY IN HIS “FLORA MEDICA, 1838.” - - -VIOLET.—Flowers anodyne, and roots emetic. Used in the Grand Seignor’s -Sherbet. - -COWSLIP.—Pleasant sedative, particularly in wine. - -PILEWORT.—Very acrid. Used sometimes for blisters, or for -drawing-plaisters, but with great caution. - -LADY’S-SMOCKS.—Lindley does not seem to know its use in agues, but says -it is a popular remedy for falling-sickness in children. - -WOOD SORREL.—A cooling drink in fevers. - -WOOD ANEMONE.—The pulsatilla very acrid, and those who rub down the -powder vomit and are affected with colic if they do not use a veil. Used -in very small doses for complaints on the lungs. The Anemone Nemerosa is -much milder. Both have been used by country people, in various ways, -often with good effect; but sometimes producing much mischief. - -SALLOW.—The bark of many willows is an effectual substitute for cinchona -or Jesuit’s bark. A substance called Salicine is produced from it, used -with effect instead of Sulphate of Quinia.—_Lindley_. - -Willow bark contains a good deal of tannin.—_Hatchet_. - -Next to oak-bavin, willow sprays peeled make the best charcoal for -gunpowder. - - * * * * * - - THE END. - - * * * * * - - Printed by W. Birch, High Street, Kensington. - - - - -FOOTNOTES. - - -{5} Though old Molly did not know it, just about the time she was -speaking, some gentlemen began to examine the sallow bark with more -attention than it had met with before. And they procured a medicine from -it called salicine, which seems to have the same properties as the -quinine, which is made from Jesuit’s bark. - -{9} Little Mary’s friend Mr. Brown told her afterwards, that the only -place in Europe where the climate and soil is sufficiently favourable to -the palm for dates to ripen is Valencia; and that the palm-trees there -had been originally planted for the purposes of the church. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PALM SUNDAY*** - - -******* This file should be named 64715-0.txt or 64715-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/4/7/1/64715 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Palm Sunday - or, Little Mary's Saturday's walk - - -Author: Maria Callcott - - - -Release Date: March 6, 2021 [eBook #64715] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PALM SUNDAY*** -</pre> -<p>Transcribed from the 1840 W. Birch edition by David Price.</p> -<h1>PALM SUNDAY:</h1> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">OR,</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center">LITTLE MARY’S -SATURDAY’S WALK.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">BY LADY CALLCOTT.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">PRINTED FOR -THE BENEFIT OF THE KENSINGTON SCHOOLS IN PEEL STREET,</span><br -/> -<span class="GutSmall">HOPE TERRACE, AND THE -POTTERIES.</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center">~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center">KENSINGTON:</p> -<p style="text-align: center">PRINTED BY W. BIRCH, HIGH -STREET.</p> -<p style="text-align: center">1840.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">PRICE ONE -SHILLING.</span></p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<h2><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>PALM -SUNDAY;<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">OR,</span><br /> -LITTLE MARY’S SATURDAY’S WALK.</h2> -<p>“<span class="smcap">Come</span>, Mary!” said Mr. -Lumley to his little girl, one Saturday afternoon, “put on -your bonnet and your thick shoes. I am going to -Davies’s cottage, and there is a basket for you to carry, -with some work for Jane, and some jelly for her -grandmother. The lane is pretty clean, and the -stepping-stones, even the rickety one, quite out of -water.”</p> -<p>Before the last comfortable assurance could be heard, Mary was -ready for the walk.</p> -<p>Papa at leisure on a fine Saturday afternoon to help her to -enjoy her holiday would have been enough; but to go to old Molly -Davies, and to see her favourite Sunday-scholar Jane, was -pleasure indeed.</p> -<p>It was a charming afternoon,—one of the first that Mary -had called so that spring. The winter had been severe; -there had been no fine Saturdays in February, scarcely one in -March. But on this, the wind was soft, the sun was shining, -the violets had no withered brown edges to their deep blue -petals, but looked and smelt as March violets should look and -smell. In the sheltered lane there were a few full-blown -primroses among the moss, the woolly stems of the cowslips were -already peeping up in the meadows, and innumerable buds of all -Mary’s favourite spring flowers seemed ready to open in the -warm sunshine.</p> -<p>“Oh, papa, how happy I am!” cried the little girl, -as she shewed him a lap full of gay colours. “Here -are yellow pileworts, and grey lady’s-smocks, and wood -sorrel, and cowslips, ready to blow; and, I declare, -there’s a wood anemone quite blown. Oh! this year -these darling anemones will answer to their pretty name of -pasque-flower, for they will be in full beauty by Easter.</p> -<p>“Do you know, papa, I feel as if it were more good in -God to create beautiful things <a name="page4"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 4</span>to make us happy when we only look at -them, than even to give us needful and useful things, which are -often far from being beautiful or pleasant. I hope I am not -foolish or wrong to say so.”</p> -<p>“No, my little Mary. I remember the wise and good -Mrs. W—y said the same thing, almost in your very words, to -me some years ago, when she saw a bunch of spring flowers in -water on the table of a sick friend. I am glad you are -learning to see and love the goodness of God while you are young; -it will make it easier to do your duty towards him for the rest -of your life.”</p> -<p>“Hush! dear papa. Hush one moment!—I am -almost sure I hear a willow-wren in the hedge; and those -wagtails! I declare they are catching flies already; and -look! there are the little tadpoles all gathering round that -green mossy stone, how merry they are in the clear water! -But here we are at Davies’s cottage, and there’s a -thrush singing; and old Molly says the thrushes sing earlier in -the copse behind their house than anywhere else. Do you -think it’s true, papa?”</p> -<p>“I don’t know, my dear. But run in and -settle it with Molly, while I step on to the overseer’s; -and by the time you are ready to go home, I will call for -you.”</p> -<p>Now, this was just what Mary liked. She went into the -house by herself, and felt very important as she opened her -basket and gave Jane directions about the needle-work to be done -for her mamma, and then helped her to spread the cloth on -Molly’s little deal table, that she might eat some of the -jelly, to do her good directly, as Mary said.</p> -<p>Meantime, the flowers were laid out in due order by the two -little girls; and as soon as Molly was at leisure, a hundred -questions were asked at once, but as she declared she could only -answer one by one, Mary was obliged to curb her impatience.</p> -<p>“Well, then,” she said, “do tell me why this -pretty yellow flower is called pile-wort?”</p> -<p>“I have been told,” said Molly, “that wort -means root or plant in general; as for the <i>pile</i> you know -that is an old word for cross, and as you have brought a bit of -the root, I can shew you why this is called pile-wort, or -cross-root. Look, I will cut the root across, and you will -see a number of black spots in the form of a cross, upon the -white part. In former days this root was used in washes and -salves, for healing many kinds of sores. This pretty little -green leaf, whose flower is just budding, lying close by, is -adder’s-tongue; and I still often boil it with sweet oil -and wax to make salve for the wounds and cuts that mowers and -reapers are apt to meet with in the course of their -work.”</p> -<p>“And what do you do with the lady’s-smocks?” -cried Mary. “I see such a store of dried ones hanging -up there!”</p> -<p>“They are the remains of last year’s gathering, -Miss. The powder made of them is <a name="page5"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 5</span>given for agues. The bundles of -roots hanging by them belong to your pasque-flower: they are good -in powders and in drinks for obstinate coughs; and this pinkish -wood-sorrel makes a sort of tea which is very good for -colds. In short, you have not brought anything but the -pretty primroses that I do not remember using or seeing used to -cure some ailment or other.”</p> -<p>“What, Molly, even the violets?”</p> -<p>“Oh yes, Miss! The syrup of violets makes people -sleep as well as the laudanum the doctors are so fond of -now-a-days. But next month and the one after it are those -of all the year that bring forth most of the plants of which the -leaves and flowers are good for physic. August and -September ripen such as have most virtue in the seeds and -roots. If your mamma likes it, I shall be very glad to tell -you all I know about these things, and Jane can shew you all the -plants I use in the fields.”</p> -<p>“Thank you!—thank you, dear Molly! but here comes -Sam, with a whole bundle of sticks. What can they be? -Oh, I see now, they are palms to wear to-morrow. Are they -good to cure sickness? And why do we call them palms, and -carry them about on Palm Sunday?”</p> -<p>“Why, Miss, I think you had better ask your papa the two -last questions, and, in the meantime, I will do my best to answer -the first. The bark of willows in general, but particularly -that of the sallow, which is the palm-willow, has long been known -and used as a cure for agues and low fevers; and though the elm -and some other barks were employed, yet none was found to be so -good as the sallow, till the Jesuits brought the bark of a shrub -from America, about two hundred years ago, which is so much more -powerful as a cure for the same disorders that the European barks -are nearly out of use. <a name="citation5"></a><a -href="#footnote5" class="citation">[5]</a> But here comes -your papa, and I shall be as glad as you to hear what he will -have to tell you.”</p> -<p>“Papa! papa!” cried the eager little girl, as she -ran to meet her father, “do come in quick, and tell Molly, -and Jane, and me, all about them.”</p> -<p>“All about what, or who, my dear? The new benches -in the church, or the children in the new school?”</p> -<p>“No, no, not now; but about the palms, papa! and -Palm-Sunday, and why we carry palms, and—”</p> -<p>“Enough, enough, my little girl. If I answer all -those questions, I must sit down in <a name="page6"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 6</span>the chimney-corner, and Jane must give -me a draught of whey, and Molly must have patience with us for at -least half an hour.”</p> -<p>“That I will, and be thankful too, your -reverence,” said the old woman. Jane dusted the -settle, and brought the whey, and the party was soon seated.</p> -<p>And now, who so happy as little Mary? Seated on her -father’s knee, hoping to have all her questions answered, -with old Molly in the opposite chimney-corner, Jane at work in -the window-seat, and old puss purring on the hearth: it was far -the best Saturday afternoon she had known, this year at any -rate.</p> -<p>“You know, my little Mary,” said Mr. Lumley, -“that what you call palms are really branches of willow in -flower, and that all willows bear their flowers, called catkins, -before their leaves come out. I think you know, also, that -real palms are trees which only grow in hot climates, whose large -branch-like leaves grow like a crown, distinguishing them among -trees, on the top of the stem, whether it be only one year old or -a hundred. I think you can compare a palm-leaf to nothing -so aptly as to the ostrich feathers which ladies wear in their -head-dresses.</p> -<p>“Now these palm branches have been thought, at all times -and in all places, so beautiful as to be fit to carry before -kings and conquerors, as signs of victory and of fame likely to -last.”</p> -<p>“In what particular country was that, papa?”</p> -<p>“Wherever palms grew at first, but by degrees -neighbouring countries adopted the palm as a sign of victory, and -we read of them in every profane history as well as in the Bible, -where you know the palm is often named.”</p> -<p>“Was there any reason besides the beauty of the leaf for -this, papa?”</p> -<p>“You shall judge. The palm leaf, even when cut -from the tree, is not subject to decay. In the countries -where it grows it is used to thatch houses, nay, even for the -walls when woven into mats. Palm mats make soft bedding for -men, and safe cradles for infants; and I have seen labourers in -rice grounds well sheltered from sun and heavy rain by a hood and -cloak made of one leaf of a palm-tree. The fibres of many -kinds of palm are woven into coarse cloth, and most of them -furnish materials for strong and durable ropes.</p> -<p>“The juice that flows from the top of several palms, -when a small cut has been made either in the bark or at the -foot-stalk of a leaf, is as refreshing as Jane’s whey, when -fresh; and after standing a few days a strong spirit is often -distilled from it. The juice from the date palm, indeed, -when boiled, produces a very sweet, dark-coloured sugar, called -jagree.</p> -<p><a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -7</span>“The palm-tree wood is useful in building; it -resists the attacks of all insects, even those of the white ant, -and is perhaps the most durable wood in the world.”</p> -<p>“How can we know that, papa?”</p> -<p>“A piece of timber was lately brought to England from -the ruins of Babylon. It was found in the ceiling of a -chamber where it must have been at the very least for two -thousand years. Your dear friend Mr. Brown examined it, and -found it was palm-tree wood.”</p> -<p>“How wonderful! but, papa, has the palm-tree any fruit -fit to eat?”</p> -<p>“What think you of cocoa-nuts and dates? You like -them both, I think; and in many countries these fruits furnish -great part of the food of the natives during many months of the -year. And from the refuse cocoas and the seeds and nuts of -other palms a sweet oil, good for food as well as for lamps, is -pressed.”</p> -<p>“Dear papa, you might well say the palm is distinguished -among trees. Were there many palms in Palestine?”</p> -<p>“Yes, my dear; and in Egypt, where the Jews dwelt so -long, many more; nay, even while they wandered in the desert, -they often came to clumps of date trees, whose charming shade, -sweet fruit, and refreshing juice, were to them truly a -‘table in the wilderness.’ You cannot wonder, -then, that on all occasions of rejoicing, and especially on the -solemn feasts, when the heads of families went up to Jerusalem to -worship, the people gathered the branches and carried them with -their other offerings to the temple, where they probably formed -shades and screens from the intense heat of the sun, while they -waited in the court of the people.”</p> -<p>“Has that custom of the Jews anything to do with our -carrying palms on Palm Sunday?”</p> -<p>“It is the origin of it. You have read in the New -Testament, when our blessed Saviour was preparing, with his -disciples, to eat his last paschal supper in Jerusalem, the -people met him as he was riding towards the gates of the city, -and received him with shouts and rejoicing, crying to him, <span -class="smcap">Hosannah</span>! which means, <span -class="smcap">Save</span>, <span class="smcap">we beseech -thee</span>, and strewing palm branches in his way, and some even -spreading their own clothes before him.</p> -<p>“As this is supposed to have happened a few days before -the feast of the passover, which was, and indeed still is, -observed by the Jews at the same time with our Easter, though not -always on the very day, the first Christians used to carry palm -branches into their churches on the Sunday before Easter, in -memory of Christ’s entry into Jerusalem.”</p> -<p>“Well; but, papa, how came we to use willows instead of -palms?”</p> -<p><a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>“It -was natural that, as the first Christians were all Jews by birth, -they should observe many of the customs and ceremonies of the -Temple of Jerusalem in their own churches; and when the -Christians became numerous, and gained riches and power in all -countries, that their priests and bishops should wish to make the -worship of the Christians at least as grand as the worship in the -ancient temple of the Jews. Accordingly, they imitated as -far as they could the dresses and music, and some of the -offerings; and among these that of the palm leaves.</p> -<p>“Now, the Christians in most of the countries of Europe -looked upon the bishop or pope of Rome with the same reverence -that the Jews paid to their high-priest, and considered the chief -church of Rome as holy as the old Temple of Jerusalem. Of -course, it was impossible for many of them to go to Rome every -year to worship there; but every one who could possibly afford it -went thither once in his life, and carried offerings in money, or -jewels, or curious things, such as he could afford. -Noblemen and kings gave great estates to the church; and for some -hundreds of years, the popes pretended to have authority over all -kings and princes. During that period, the visitors to Rome -were not to be counted. The ceremonies observed during the -whole week before Easter attracted crowds from all -countries. The churches were decorated with costly hangings -of tapestry, or gold and silver cloth, or silk and velvet. -And on Palm Sunday, in the church where the pope himself sung the -service, the altar was covered and ornamented with palm -branches.</p> -<p>“At a particular part of the forenoon prayer, the pope -pronounced a blessing over the palms, which were the signs of the -victory of Christianity over the heathen; and then the palms were -distributed to the cardinals, the bishops, the princes, and, in -short, to as many persons as they would serve.”</p> -<p>“What was that for?” interrupted Mary.</p> -<p>“Such of the persons receiving them, as had come on a -pilgrimage from a distant country to Rome, carried these palms -home, as a sign that they had accomplished their undertaking, and -called themselves palmers in consequence. They, and all who -had palms from the church, preserved them carefully, as they -believed that the blessing pronounced over them by the pope would -extend to the house in which they were kept.”</p> -<p>“Now, papa, tell us why we call willows palms, and -gather them for Palm Sunday.”</p> -<p>“A little patience, my dear, and I will. I need -not say that palm-trees do not grow in all the countries where -there are Christians. Even in Italy the climate does not -suit them. There is, however, one small sandy valley, open -to the sea and the southern sun, on the coast of Genoa, where the -date-palm is cultivated on purpose to supply Rome with <a -name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>branches for -Palm Sunday; and I have heard it said that it is the exclusive -privilege of <i>one</i> family living in a village on the coast -to furnish these branches, because it is descended from a sailor -to whom the right was granted in reward for having, by quickness -and presence of mind, saved the lives of hundreds, and ensured -success to the raising the immense obelisk of Egyptian granite in -the Piazza di San Pietro, where it has stood ever since the days -of Pope Sixtus the Fifth, who was pope from 1585 to 1590. -At his command it was raised out of the earth in which it lay -buried by the enterprising skill of the architect Domenic -Fontana. Crowds assembled to behold the wonderful -work. Silence was enjoined to all upon pain of death, that -nothing might for one moment draw the attention of the workmen -from what they were about, or prevent their hearing the signals -agreed upon. A Genoese sailor, however, accustomed by his -seafaring life to the management of ropes, perceived that the -cords to which the obelisk was fastened were slackening, and, in -defiance of the order, loudly cried out, ‘<i>Acqua</i>! -<i>acqua</i>!’ (Water! water!) Fontana instantly -understood his meaning and the danger, and ordered pails-full to -be brought and splashed over them, by which means the ropes, -which had been dried too much by the sun, were quickly tightened -again, and the heavy obelisk saved from falling upon the -workmen.”</p> -<p>“Oh, papa, how could that be?” said Mary.</p> -<p>“When you go home, your brothers will shew you the -difference wetting will make in the length of a rope, and then -you will understand my story better. I am sure Molly and -Jane know it already by their washing-lines. But to finish -my story.</p> -<p>“The brave sailor was tried and sentenced to be put to -death for disobedience to the Pope’s orders; nor was it -(the story goes) without difficulty that Fontana obtained his -pardon, and, as it seems, a slender reward for so great a -service.</p> -<p>“It is probable, too, that this family may be employed -to manufacture artificial branches, when (as is frequently the -case) the trees themselves do not supply a number equal to the -demand. <a name="citation9"></a><a href="#footnote9" -class="citation">[9]</a> This they contrive by tying reeds -and sedges to willow wands, in imitation of the palm leaf, and -placing a portion of the <i>real</i> palm at the tip of the mock -one.”</p> -<p>“Oh, thank you, papa—thank you. What a -pretty story, what a brave, good man the sailor was; how I love -him! I hope it is quite true, papa.</p> -<p>“Indeed, my dear, so do I, and I am inclined to believe -that it is.”</p> -<p>“But what a pity there is no more of it, papa. We -have not been sitting in this <a name="page10"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 10</span>snug corner nearly half an -hour. Have we, Molly? Have we, Jane? You are -not tired, dear Molly?”</p> -<p>“Oh no, my dear Miss Mary. Perhaps,” -continued the old woman, “your papa can tell us why the -willow, rather than any other tree, was chosen to represent the -palm; if he really will spare us a little more of his -time?”</p> -<p>“Willingly,” said Mr. Lumley. “From -the prayer of consecration used in early times on presenting the -palms at Rome, we learn that fruit and flowers were also -presented. This clearly shews that the whole ceremony was -copied from some of those of the Temple of Jerusalem. -There, at the Feast of the Tabernacles, along with the palm -branches, boughs of the willow and myrtle, and the fruit of the -citron, each perfect in its kind, were presented by every man to -the priest at the altar.”</p> -<p>“Why was that, papa?”</p> -<p>“The palm, as I told you before, was a sign of victory; -and the Jews loved to worship God as the leader of their hosts, -as the Lord of Battles. The willow grows by the fresh water -brooks, and is a sign of fertility; it was properly laid on the -altar of Him ‘who openeth his hand and filleth all things -living with plenteousness.’ The myrtle is a shade and -shelter from the heat, and its bark and leaves preserve all -materials tanned with them from decay; it is in reference, I -think, to this quality, that Queen Esther is often called -Hadassah, or the Myrtle, because she sheltered the Israelites and -preserved them from the malice of Haman. As to the ripe -citron, its fragrance, its beauty, and perhaps its quality of -keeping long unspoiled when gathered from the tree, fitted it for -an offering representing the beauty and fruitfulness of the land -of promise.</p> -<p>“Now you see, Mary, that of the trees or fruits offered -in the Temple of Jerusalem, or the church of Rome, the willow is -the only one which is found in the northern countries of Europe, -and therefore the only one likely to be used by us on Palm -Sunday.”</p> -<p>“I am sure,” said old Molly, when Mr. Lumley had -done speaking, “we shall not easily forget why we gather -willows and carry them instead of palms, eight days or so before -Easter. Can your reverence tell us if the poor Jews -preserve any of these customs now?”</p> -<p>“A great many; although the glory is departed from their -temple, many with true hearts continue to perform their -ceremonies, and to the best of their power, to make their -offerings in their synagogues. At present, I have not time -to tell you more than that they spare no expense to procure fair -citrons and flowering myrtles: the willow, you know, they find -everywhere; but they generally supply the place of palm by the -branch of an almond tree.”</p> -<p><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -11</span>Mary’s half hour was now spent. The -minute-hand of Molly’s great clock pointed to half-past -three. Mamma expected her and papa home by four; so, tying -on her bonnet, she bade Molly and Jane good-bye, and followed by -Sam, with a bundle of palms for her brothers, she set out gaily -on her walk home, gathering fresh flowers for her own flower-pot, -and arranging the new things she had learned that day in her -little head, by the help of a question to papa every now and then -about citrons, myrtles, willows, and palms.</p> -<h2>BOTANICAL NAMES OF LITTLE MARY’S FLOWERS.</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td><p>March Violet</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Viola Odorata</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Primrose</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Primula Vulgaris</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Cowslip</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Primula Veris</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Pilewort</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Ranunculus Ficuria</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Lady’s-smocks</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Cardamine Pratensis</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Wood Sorrel</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Oxalis Acetosella</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Pasque Flower</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Anemone Pulsatilla</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>White Wood Anemone</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Anemone Nemerosa</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Adder’s Tongue</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Ophioglossum Vulgaris</i></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Sallow</p> -</td> -<td><p><i>Salix Aquatica</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2>MEDICINAL USES<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">ACKNOWLEDGED BY LINDLEY IN HIS -“FLORA MEDICA, 1838.”</span></h2> -<p><span class="smcap">Violet</span>.—Flowers anodyne, and -roots emetic. Used in the Grand Seignor’s -Sherbet.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">Cowslip</span>.—Pleasant sedative, -particularly in wine.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">Pilewort</span>.—Very acrid. -Used sometimes for blisters, or for drawing-plaisters, but with -great caution.</p> -<p><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 12</span><span -class="smcap">Lady’s-smocks</span>.—Lindley does not -seem to know its use in agues, but says it is a popular remedy -for falling-sickness in children.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">Wood Sorrel</span>.—A cooling drink -in fevers.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">Wood Anemone</span>.—The pulsatilla -very acrid, and those who rub down the powder vomit and are -affected with colic if they do not use a veil. Used in very -small doses for complaints on the lungs. The Anemone -Nemerosa is much milder. Both have been used by country -people, in various ways, often with good effect; but sometimes -producing much mischief.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">Sallow</span>.—The bark of many -willows is an effectual substitute for cinchona or Jesuit’s -bark. A substance called Salicine is produced from it, used -with effect instead of Sulphate of -Quinia.—<i>Lindley</i>.</p> -<p>Willow bark contains a good deal of -tannin.—<i>Hatchet</i>.</p> -<p>Next to oak-bavin, willow sprays peeled make the best charcoal -for gunpowder.</p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THE -END.</span></p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">Printed by -W. Birch, High Street, Kensington.</span></p> -<h2>FOOTNOTES.</h2> -<p><a name="footnote5"></a><a href="#citation5" -class="footnote">[5]</a> Though old Molly did not know it, -just about the time she was speaking, some gentlemen began to -examine the sallow bark with more attention than it had met with -before. And they procured a medicine from it called -salicine, which seems to have the same properties as the quinine, -which is made from Jesuit’s bark.</p> -<p><a name="footnote9"></a><a href="#citation9" -class="footnote">[9]</a> Little Mary’s friend Mr. -Brown told her afterwards, that the only place in Europe where -the climate and soil is sufficiently favourable to the palm for -dates to ripen is Valencia; and that the palm-trees there had -been originally planted for the purposes of the church.</p> -<pre> - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PALM SUNDAY*** - - -***** This file should be named 64715-h.htm or 64715-h.zip****** - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/4/7/1/64715 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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