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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b114166 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60317 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60317) diff --git a/old/60317-0.txt b/old/60317-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 76e6512..0000000 --- a/old/60317-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,849 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park Junior -Ranger Program, by William Valosin - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Saratoga National Historical Park Junior Ranger Program - -Author: William Valosin - -Release Date: September 18, 2019 [EBook #60317] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. HIST. PARK JR RANGER PROGRAM *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - Saratoga - National Historical Park - Junior Ranger Program - - - [Illustration: National Park Service • Saratoga National Historical - Park] - - Saratoga National Historical Park - 648 Route 32 • Stillwater, New York 12170 - 518-664-9821 • www.nps.gov/sara - sara_info@nps. gov - - -Directions: - -Saratoga National Historical Park is located 40 miles north of Albany, -the state capital, and some 15 miles southeast of Saratoga Springs. The -principal exit (#12) off the Northway (I-87) is clearly signed for the -Park. - - -—_From Montreal and points north_—get off the Northway (I-87) at Exit 14 - and follow brown and white signs for Route 29 East to Schuylerville - where the Schuyler House and Saratoga Monument are located. Eight - miles south on Route 4 you will find the main entrance to the - Battlefield (right side of road). - -—_From Albany and points south_—get off the Northway (I-87) at Exit 12 - and follow the brown and white Park signs to the Battlefield. - -—_From points east or west_—use Route 29 to Schuylerville and follow - directions from Schuylerville as above. - - - [Illustration: Area map] - - - - - How To Use This Booklet - - -_To the Parent/Adult:_ This Junior Ranger program is designed for -students grade 3-6, but may be used by other ages as well. It is hoped -that the activities here will help our younger visitors better enjoy, -understand and appreciate our park and its resources. Our Junior Ranger -program was designed with our Tour Road in mind, but it can be enjoyed -without driving through the Battlefield. - -_To the Junior Ranger:_ When you receive this booklet, choose and -complete three (grades 3-4) or four (grades 5-6) activities in the -booklet. Yes, you can get help from someone in your group, or one of our -Rangers, and yes, you could do more activities. Once you have completed -your activities, have an adult with your group check your work. Once -you’ve done that, CONGRATULATIONS! You’ve qualified as a Saratoga -National Historical Park Junior Ranger. You will have received a Junior -Ranger badge with this booklet. - -What? No checking in with a Park Ranger afterward? That’s right. You -see, our program works on the honor system. That means we’re trusting -that you, in receiving this booklet, will do your best to meet the -requirements for becoming a Junior Ranger. The public is trusting us to -take care of this park. We’re trusting you to help us by learning more -about what’s here. - - Have fun, and good luck! - - - - - _Introduction_ - - -The War for American Independence, or American Revolution (1775-1783), -was probably one of our country’s most difficult conflicts. Great -Britain was a very powerful nation. It had many advantages over its -rebelling colonies. - -This new American independence suffered many problems during all eight -years of the war. In 1777, however, a British Army invading from Canada -heading south into New York was defeated by American troops in -Stillwater and forced to surrender at Saratoga—now Schuylerville, NY. -This surrender was important both in strengthening the American Spirit -and in getting other countries to recognize and help the new American -nation. - -Saratoga National Historical Park commemorates the campaign and battles -in which this American army was victorious over British forces. We also -preserve and protect the areas where these events happened. This Junior -Ranger Book has puzzles and activities to help you understand all of -this: the historic grounds we protect and the people, events and time of -the Saratoga Campaign. - - _Enjoy your Visit!_ - - - - - ACTIVITY 1—Scavenger Hunt - - - [Illustration: Hand-held magnifying glass] - -Go on a scavenger hunt through the Park. Look for the items listed below -and draw a picture of each as you find it. See how many you can find. - -Remember: leave everything where you find it! - - - - - - - -A CANNON - - - - - - - -AN OFFICER’S SWORD - - - - - - - -SOMETHING TALLER THAN YOU - - - - - - - -RIVER OR STREAM - - - - - - - -UNIFORM BUTTONS - - - - - - - -SOMETHING YOU’D USE AT HOME - - - - - - - -A CARTRIDGE BOX - - - - - - - -A TRAIL MARKER - - - - - - - -A SOLDIER’S HAT - - - - - - - -AN ANIMAL TRACK - - - - - - - -AN INSECT - - - - - - - -A WOODEN TOOL - - - - - - - -A WILD ANIMAL - - - - - - - -AN 18th CENTURY BUILDING - - - - - - - -SOLDIER’S SHOES OR BOOTS - - - - - - - -A MONUMENT - - - - - ACTIVITY 2—Food & Supplies - - -Armies in the 1700’s were not always welcomed by people in the areas -they marched through, as these armies often took food and other items -from civilians. Sometimes they paid for these supplies, sometimes they -did not. Sometimes, they might only promise to pay. Here in America, -even if the soldiers paid for supplies, it might be with Continental -money, which wasn’t often accepted by everyone. - -When soldiers were officially ordered by their army to collect what was -needed, it was called requisitioning [“_reh-kwi-zi-shen-ing_”] When -soldiers took items without permission, it was called theft (stealing). -Civilians usually felt it was theft, whether the soldiers had the army’s -permission or not. - -Soldiers’ wives and even families sometimes followed the armies. These -“camp followers” were often forced to forage—look around for whatever -supplies they could find—without permission, as the armies did not give -them everything they might need. For them, it was a matter of survival. - -Polly Sloat is a soldier’s wife who has helped herself to goods at -Farmer Edgar’s home. Farmer Edgar has complained to an officer. Polly is -crafty, though, and has hidden the items she took. Can you find them in -the picture on the next page? As a hint, here is a list of the items she -took. You may want to cross off each item as you find it in the picture. - - [_] _a pig_ - [_] _breeches (pants)_ - [_] _spoon_ - [_] _candle sticks_ - [_] _chicken_ - [_] _stockings (socks)_ - [_] _scissors_ - [_] _watch_ - [_] _small bucket_ - - [Illustration: Activity 2—Food & Supplies, continued] - - - - - ACTIVITY 3—Fortifications & Obstacles - - -Armies in the 18th Century built fortifications to make it more -difficult for their enemies to attack them. At the Saratoga Battlefield, -the Americans and British constructed fortifications to protect their -camps. - -Obstacles would be placed outside the fortifications. Sometimes they -would be made by boring (drilling) holes through logs and putting -pointed poles through the holes. These were called _chevaux de fris_ -(pronounced “shuh-vo-duh-free”). A quicker obstacle could be made by -cutting down trees and sharpening a tangle of branches. This was called -_abatis_ (pronounced “ah-bah-tee”); it was used a great deal at our -battlefield. When placed properly, these obstacles could force an enemy -to attack in directions where they could not sneak up on the -defender—and where the defenders were waiting for them. - -Caleb, a member of a local militia regiment, has been outside the -American fortifications on Bemis Heights, cutting brush for firewood. -It’s getting dark and he needs help finding his way back without -encountering obstacles or guards who might shoot him by accident. - -Draw a line through the maze from where Caleb is now (lower left corner -of the maze: he’s got the bundle of sticks on his shoulder) to the -safety of the redoubt (pronounced “re-dowt”), the zig-zag wooden wall. - - [Illustration: _abatis_] - - [Illustration: _redoubt_] - - [Illustration: _chevaux de fris_] - - [Illustration: Activity 3—Fortifications & Obstacles, continued] - - - - - Activity 4—“Report, Scout!” - - - [Illustration: Scout] - -Scouts were very important throughout the War for American Independence. -They provided valuable information about the enemy army and what it was -doing. Knowing the enemy’s position, its strengths and its weaknesses, -helped commanders decide what the actions of their own troops should be. - -At the time of the Battles of Freeman’s Farm and Bemis Heights, General -Burgoyne’s army had lost most of the troops who could be effective -scouts. Most of the Canadian and American Indians with his army had -returned home to Canada and elsewhere, and many Americans loyal to -England had been killed or captured at Walloomscoic (pronounced -“_wall-oom-sick_”, also known as the Battle of Bennington). The American -Army, with a battalion of rifle troops drawn from Virginia and -Pennsylvania rifle regiments, enjoyed a slight advantage. Also, warriors -from the Oneida [“_Own-eye-da_”] and Tuscarora [“_Tusk-a-ror-a_”] -nations (two of the six making up the Iroquois [“_Ear-o-coy_”] -Confederacy) assisted the American Army. - -Now, you have been selected as a scout for the American Army. You have -crept near a British patrol. Study the picture on the next page for one -minute, then answer as many of the following questions as you can. - - One man has a torn paper piece stuck in his hat. What two letters are - written on it? ______________________________ - The man next to him has something in his right hand. What is it? - ______________________________ - How many private (regular) soldiers are standing toward the left? - ______________________________ - How many muskets are they holding? ______________________________ - - [Illustration: Activity 4—“Report, Scout!” continued] - - - - - ACTIVITY 5—“Sign In” Here! - - -One of the ways visitors learn about important or interesting parts of a -National Park is by reading signs. What a sign says, where it is placed, -and what it looks like are important to consider. Based on what you’ve -seen during your visit to Saratoga National Historical Park, think up a -sign to describe something here you think is important, and create your -sign below. It will help you to remember your trip here! Don’t forget to -put the National Park Service “arrowhead” on the sign. - - [Illustration: Blank signpost] - - - - - ACTIVITY 6—Codebreaker - - -Every National Park is special and unique. Each has natural resources -(like plants, trees, birds, insects, fish, land) and cultural resources -(such as very old homes, factories, battlefields, forts, roads, or even -ancient dwellings). The National Park Service works to preserve these -resources, and to help visitors learn about and appreciate them. - -To help us in our mission, the National Park Service uses a system of -abbreviations, sort of like codes, for park names. The “code name” -generally uses the first four letters of the park name. For Saratoga -National Historical Park, the abbreviation is SARA. Morristown National -Historical Park, in New Jersey, is MORR. Parks with more than one name -generally use the first two letters of the first two words in the park -name. Fort Stanwix National Monument, in Rome, NY, becomes FOST. There -are exceptions: Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico is CAVE. - -How many can you figure out? For added fun, see if you can find each of -these on a map of the United States. You can learn more about each park -on the National Park Service web site, www.nps.gov, at home, at school, -or in your local library! - -(_answers are at the bottom of the page_) - - 1) Minute Man National Historical Park (Lexington and Concord, MA) - ________ - 2) Acadia National Park (Bar Harbor, ME) ________ - 3) Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (St. Augustine, FL) - ________ - 4) Hot Springs National Park (Hot Springs, AR) ________ - 5) Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone National Park, WY) ________ - - 1) _MIMA_ - 2) _ACAD_ - 3) _CAST_ - 4) _HOSP_ - 5) _YELL_ - - - Special thanks to the Friends of Saratoga Battlefield, whose - enthusiasm and support made our Junior Ranger program possible! - - design/layout: William Valosin, Park Ranger - activities and artwork: Joe Craig, Eric Schnitzer, William Valosin, - Park Rangers - - - updated July 2007 - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - -—In the HTML version only, data entry is supported, but input is not - preserved across browser refreshes. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park -Junior Ranger Program, by William Valosin - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. 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} -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; }</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park Junior -Ranger Program, by William Valosin - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Saratoga National Historical Park Junior Ranger Program - -Author: William Valosin - -Release Date: September 18, 2019 [EBook #60317] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. HIST. PARK JR RANGER PROGRAM *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Saratoga National Historical Park: Junior Ranger Program" width="500" height="693" /> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<h1>Saratoga -<br /><span class="smaller">National Historical Park</span> -<br /><span class="ss">Junior Ranger Program</span></h1> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p01.jpg" alt="National Park Service • Saratoga National Historical Park" width="400" height="244" /> -</div> -<p class="center">Saratoga National Historical Park -<br />648 Route 32 • Stillwater, New York 12170 -<br />518-664-9821 • www.nps.gov/sara -<br />sara_info@nps. gov</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_1">1</div> -<p class="tb"><b>Directions:</b></p> -<p>Saratoga National Historical -Park is located 40 miles -north of Albany, the state -capital, and some 15 miles -southeast of Saratoga -Springs. The principal exit -(#12) off the Northway -(I-87) is clearly signed for -the Park.</p> -<ul><li><span class="ss"><i>From Montreal and points north</i></span>—get off the Northway (I-87) at Exit 14 and follow brown and white signs for Route 29 East to Schuylerville where the Schuyler House and Saratoga Monument are located. Eight miles south on Route 4 you will find the main entrance to the Battlefield (right side of road).</li> -<li><span class="ss"><i>From Albany and points south</i></span>—get off the Northway (I-87) at Exit 12 and follow the brown and white Park signs to the Battlefield.</li> -<li><span class="ss"><i>From points east or west</i></span>—use Route 29 to Schuylerville and follow directions from Schuylerville as above.</li></ul> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p01b.jpg" alt="Area map" width="500" height="747" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_2">2</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small"><span class="u">How To Use This Booklet</span></span></h2> -<p><b><i>To the Parent/Adult:</i></b> This Junior Ranger program is -designed for students grade 3-6, but may be used by other ages -as well. It is hoped that the activities here will help our younger -visitors better enjoy, understand and appreciate our park and its -resources. Our Junior Ranger program was designed with our -Tour Road in mind, but it can be enjoyed without driving -through the Battlefield.</p> -<p><b><i>To the Junior Ranger:</i></b> When you receive this booklet, -choose and complete <b>three</b> (grades 3-4) or <b>four</b> (grades 5-6) -activities in the booklet. Yes, you can get help from someone in -your group, or one of our Rangers, and yes, you could do more -activities. Once you have completed your activities, have an -adult with your group check your work. Once you’ve done that, -CONGRATULATIONS! You’ve qualified as a Saratoga National -Historical Park Junior Ranger. You will have received a Junior -Ranger badge with this booklet.</p> -<p>What? No checking in with a Park Ranger afterward? -That’s right. You see, our program works on the <b>honor -system</b>. That means we’re trusting that <b>you</b>, in receiving this -booklet, will do your best to meet the requirements for becoming -a Junior Ranger. The public is trusting us to take care of this -park. We’re trusting you to help us by learning more about -what’s here.</p> -<p class="center"><b>Have fun, and good luck!</b></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="small"><span class="u"><i>Introduction</i></span></span></h2> -<p>The War for American Independence, or American -Revolution (1775-1783), was probably one of our country’s -most difficult conflicts. Great Britain was a very powerful -nation. It had many advantages over its rebelling colonies.</p> -<p>This new American independence suffered many problems -during all eight years of the war. In 1777, however, a British -Army invading from Canada heading south into New York was -defeated by American troops in Stillwater and forced to -surrender at Saratoga—now Schuylerville, NY. This -surrender was important both in strengthening the American -Spirit and in getting other countries to recognize and help the -new American nation.</p> -<p>Saratoga National Historical Park commemorates the -campaign and battles in which this American army was -victorious over British forces. We also preserve and protect -the areas where these events happened. This Junior Ranger -Book has puzzles and activities to help you understand all of -this: the historic grounds we protect and the people, events -and time of the Saratoga Campaign.</p> -<p class="center"><span class="ss"><i>Enjoy your Visit!</i></span></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_4">4</div> -<h2 id="c3"><span class="small"><span class="u">ACTIVITY 1—Scavenger Hunt</span></span></h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="Hand-held magnifying glass" width="73" height="101" /> -</div> -<p>Go on a scavenger hunt through the Park. Look -for the items listed below and draw a picture of -each as you find it. See how many you can find.</p> -<p>Remember: leave everything where you find it!</p> -<div class="height4 box">A CANNON</div> -<div class="height4 box">AN OFFICER’S SWORD</div> -<div class="height4 box">SOMETHING TALLER THAN YOU</div> -<div class="height4 box">RIVER OR STREAM</div> -<div class="height4 box">UNIFORM BUTTONS</div> -<div class="height4 box">SOMETHING YOU’D USE AT HOME</div> -<div class="height4 box">A CARTRIDGE BOX</div> -<div class="height4 box">A TRAIL MARKER</div> -<div class="height4 box">A SOLDIER’S HAT</div> -<div class="height4 box">AN ANIMAL TRACK</div> -<div class="height4 box">AN INSECT</div> -<div class="height4 box">A WOODEN TOOL</div> -<div class="height4 box">A WILD ANIMAL</div> -<div class="height4 box">AN 18th CENTURY BUILDING</div> -<div class="height4 box">SOLDIER’S SHOES OR BOOTS</div> -<div class="height4 box">A MONUMENT</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div> -<h2 id="c4"><span class="small"><span class="u">ACTIVITY 2—Food & Supplies</span></span></h2> -<p>Armies in the 1700’s were not always welcomed by people in the areas they -marched through, as these armies often took food and other items from civilians. -Sometimes they paid for these supplies, sometimes they did not. Sometimes, they -might only promise to pay. Here in America, even if the soldiers paid for supplies, it -might be with Continental money, which wasn’t often accepted by everyone.</p> -<p>When soldiers were officially ordered by their army to collect what was needed, it -was called <span class="u">requisitioning</span> [“<i><b>reh</b>-kwi-<b>zi</b>-shen-<b>ing</b></i>”] When soldiers took items without -permission, it was called <span class="u">theft</span> (stealing). Civilians usually felt it was theft, whether -the soldiers had the army’s permission or not.</p> -<p>Soldiers’ wives and even families sometimes followed the armies. These “camp -followers” were often forced to forage—look around for whatever supplies they -could find—without permission, as the armies did not give them everything they -might need. For them, it was a matter of survival.</p> -<p>Polly Sloat is a soldier’s wife who has helped herself to goods at Farmer Edgar’s -home. Farmer Edgar has complained to an officer. Polly is crafty, though, and has -hidden the items she took. Can you find them in the picture on the next page? As a -hint, here is a list of the items she took. You may want to cross off each item as you -find it in the picture.</p> -<dl class="undent"><dt><input class="x" name="input1" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>a pig</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input2" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>breeches (pants)</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input3" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>spoon</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input4" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>candle sticks</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input5" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>chicken</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input6" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>stockings (socks)</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input7" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>scissors</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input8" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>watch</i></span></dt> -<dt><input class="x" name="input9" type="checkbox" /> <span class="ss"><i>small bucket</i></span></dt></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p03.jpg" alt="Activity 2—Food & Supplies, continued" width="500" height="650" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div> -<h2 id="c5"><span class="small"><span class="u">ACTIVITY 3—Fortifications & Obstacles</span></span></h2> -<p>Armies in the 18th Century built fortifications to make it more difficult for -their enemies to attack them. At the Saratoga Battlefield, the Americans and -British constructed fortifications to protect their camps.</p> -<p>Obstacles would be placed outside the fortifications. Sometimes they would -be made by boring (drilling) holes through logs and putting pointed poles -through the holes. These were called <i>chevaux de fris</i> (pronounced “shuh-<b>vo</b>-duh-<b>free</b>”). -A quicker obstacle could be made by cutting down trees and -sharpening a tangle of branches. This was called <i>abatis</i> (pronounced “<b>ah</b>-bah-<b>tee</b>”); -it was used a great deal at our battlefield. When placed properly, these -obstacles could force an enemy to attack in directions where they could not -sneak up on the defender—and where the defenders were waiting for them.</p> -<p>Caleb, a member of a local militia regiment, has been outside the American -fortifications on Bemis Heights, cutting brush for firewood. It’s getting dark -and he needs help finding his way back without encountering obstacles or -guards who might shoot him by accident.</p> -<p>Draw a line through the maze from where Caleb is now (lower left corner of -the maze: he’s got the bundle of sticks on his shoulder) to the safety of the -redoubt (pronounced “re-<b>dowt</b>”), the zig-zag wooden wall.</p> -<div class="img" id="fig1"> -<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="189" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>abatis</i></p> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig2"> -<img src="images/p04b.jpg" alt="" width="566" height="392" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>redoubt</i></p> -</div> -<div class="img" id="fig3"> -<img src="images/p04c.jpg" alt="" width="397" height="206" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>chevaux de fris</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="Activity 3—Fortifications & Obstacles, continued" width="800" height="624" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_9">9</div> -<h2 id="c6"><span class="small"><span class="u">Activity 4—“Report, Scout!”</span></span></h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p06.jpg" alt="Scout" width="442" height="500" /> -</div> -<p>Scouts were very important throughout the -War for American Independence. They -provided valuable information about the -enemy army and what it was doing. Knowing -the enemy’s position, its strengths and its -weaknesses, helped commanders decide what -the actions of their own troops should be.</p> -<p>At the time of the Battles of Freeman’s Farm -and Bemis Heights, General Burgoyne’s army -had lost most of the troops who could be -effective scouts. Most of the Canadian and -American Indians with his army had returned home to Canada and elsewhere, -and many Americans loyal to England had been killed or captured at -Walloomscoic (pronounced “<i>wall-<b>oom</b>-sick</i>”, also known as the Battle of -Bennington). The American Army, with a battalion of rifle troops drawn from -Virginia and Pennsylvania rifle regiments, enjoyed a slight advantage. Also, -warriors from the Oneida [“<i>Own-<b>eye</b>-da</i>”] and Tuscarora [“<i><b>Tusk</b>-a-<b>ror</b>-a</i>”] -nations (two of the six making up the Iroquois [“<i><b>Ear</b>-o-<b>coy</b></i>”] Confederacy) -assisted the American Army.</p> -<p>Now, you have been selected as a scout for the American Army. You have -crept near a British patrol. Study the picture on the next page for one -minute, then answer as many of the following questions as you can.</p> -<dl class="undent"><dt>One man has a torn paper piece stuck in his hat. What two letters are written on it? <input name="input10" size="6" maxlength="6" /></dt> -<dt>The man next to him has something in his right hand. What is it? <input name="input11" size="10" maxlength="10" /></dt> -<dt>How many private (regular) soldiers are standing toward the left? <input name="input12" size="4" maxlength="4" /></dt> -<dt>How many muskets are they holding? <input name="input13" size="4" maxlength="4" /></dt></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_10">10</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p07.jpg" alt="Activity 4—“Report, Scout!” continued" width="647" height="500" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_11">11</div> -<h2 id="c7"><span class="small"><span class="u">ACTIVITY 5—“Sign In” Here!</span></span></h2> -<p>One of the ways visitors learn about important or interesting parts of -a National Park is by reading signs. What a sign says, where it is placed, -and what it looks like are important to consider. Based on what you’ve -seen during your visit to Saratoga National Historical Park, think up a -sign to describe something here you think is important, and create your -sign below. It will help you to remember your trip here! Don’t forget to -put the National Park Service “arrowhead” on the sign.</p> -<div class="img" id="fig4"> -<img src="images/p08.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="474" /> -<p class="pcap">Blank signpost</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div> -<h2 id="c8"><span class="small"><span class="u">ACTIVITY 6—Codebreaker</span></span></h2> -<p>Every National Park is special and unique. Each has natural resources (like plants, -trees, birds, insects, fish, land) and cultural resources (such as very old homes, -factories, battlefields, forts, roads, or even ancient dwellings). The National Park -Service works to preserve these resources, and to help visitors learn about and -appreciate them.</p> -<p>To help us in our mission, the National Park Service uses a system of abbreviations, -sort of like codes, for park names. The “code name” generally uses the first four -letters of the park name. For Saratoga National Historical Park, the abbreviation is -SARA. Morristown National Historical Park, in New Jersey, is MORR. Parks with -more than one name generally use the first two letters of the first two words in the -park name. Fort Stanwix National Monument, in Rome, NY, becomes FOST. There -are exceptions: Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico is CAVE.</p> -<p>How many can you figure out? For added fun, see if you can find each of these on a -map of the United States. You can learn more about each park on the National Park -Service web site, www.nps.gov, at home, at school, or in your local library!</p> -<p>(<i>answers are at the bottom of the page</i>)</p> -<dl class="undent"><dt>1) Minute Man National Historical Park (Lexington and Concord, MA) <input class="ch1" name="input14" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input15" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input16" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input17" size="1" maxlength="1" /></dt> -<dt>2) Acadia National Park (Bar Harbor, ME) <input class="ch1" name="input18" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input19" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input20" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input21" size="1" maxlength="1" /></dt> -<dt>3) Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (St. Augustine, FL) <input class="ch1" name="input22" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input23" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input24" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input25" size="1" maxlength="1" /></dt> -<dt>4) Hot Springs National Park (Hot Springs, AR) <input class="ch1" name="input26" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input27" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input28" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input29" size="1" maxlength="1" /></dt> -<dt>5) Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone National Park, WY) <input class="ch1" name="input30" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input31" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input32" size="1" maxlength="1" /><input class="ch1" name="input33" size="1" maxlength="1" /></dt></dl> -<dl class="undent"><dt>1) <i>MIMA</i></dt> -<dt>2) <i>ACAD</i></dt> -<dt>3) <i>CAST</i></dt> -<dt>4) <i>HOSP</i></dt> -<dt>5) <i>YELL</i></dt></dl> -<div class="pb" id="Page_13">13</div> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<p class="center">Special thanks to the Friends of Saratoga Battlefield, whose enthusiasm and support made our Junior Ranger program possible!</p> -<p class="center">design/layout: William Valosin, Park Ranger -<br />activities and artwork: Joe Craig, Eric Schnitzer, William Valosin, Park Rangers</p> -<hr class="dwide" /> -<p class="center">updated July 2007</p> -<h2>Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -<li>In the HTML version only, data entry is supported, but input is not preserved across browser refreshes.</li> -</ul> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park -Junior Ranger Program, by William Valosin - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. 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