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diff --git a/old/60317-0.txt b/old/60317-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 76e6512..0000000 --- a/old/60317-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,849 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park Junior -Ranger Program, by William Valosin - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Saratoga National Historical Park Junior Ranger Program - -Author: William Valosin - -Release Date: September 18, 2019 [EBook #60317] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. HIST. PARK JR RANGER PROGRAM *** - - - - -Produced by Stephen Hutcheson, Lisa Corcoran and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - - Saratoga - National Historical Park - Junior Ranger Program - - - [Illustration: National Park Service • Saratoga National Historical - Park] - - Saratoga National Historical Park - 648 Route 32 • Stillwater, New York 12170 - 518-664-9821 • www.nps.gov/sara - sara_info@nps. gov - - -Directions: - -Saratoga National Historical Park is located 40 miles north of Albany, -the state capital, and some 15 miles southeast of Saratoga Springs. The -principal exit (#12) off the Northway (I-87) is clearly signed for the -Park. - - -—_From Montreal and points north_—get off the Northway (I-87) at Exit 14 - and follow brown and white signs for Route 29 East to Schuylerville - where the Schuyler House and Saratoga Monument are located. Eight - miles south on Route 4 you will find the main entrance to the - Battlefield (right side of road). - -—_From Albany and points south_—get off the Northway (I-87) at Exit 12 - and follow the brown and white Park signs to the Battlefield. - -—_From points east or west_—use Route 29 to Schuylerville and follow - directions from Schuylerville as above. - - - [Illustration: Area map] - - - - - How To Use This Booklet - - -_To the Parent/Adult:_ This Junior Ranger program is designed for -students grade 3-6, but may be used by other ages as well. It is hoped -that the activities here will help our younger visitors better enjoy, -understand and appreciate our park and its resources. Our Junior Ranger -program was designed with our Tour Road in mind, but it can be enjoyed -without driving through the Battlefield. - -_To the Junior Ranger:_ When you receive this booklet, choose and -complete three (grades 3-4) or four (grades 5-6) activities in the -booklet. Yes, you can get help from someone in your group, or one of our -Rangers, and yes, you could do more activities. Once you have completed -your activities, have an adult with your group check your work. Once -you’ve done that, CONGRATULATIONS! You’ve qualified as a Saratoga -National Historical Park Junior Ranger. You will have received a Junior -Ranger badge with this booklet. - -What? No checking in with a Park Ranger afterward? That’s right. You -see, our program works on the honor system. That means we’re trusting -that you, in receiving this booklet, will do your best to meet the -requirements for becoming a Junior Ranger. The public is trusting us to -take care of this park. We’re trusting you to help us by learning more -about what’s here. - - Have fun, and good luck! - - - - - _Introduction_ - - -The War for American Independence, or American Revolution (1775-1783), -was probably one of our country’s most difficult conflicts. Great -Britain was a very powerful nation. It had many advantages over its -rebelling colonies. - -This new American independence suffered many problems during all eight -years of the war. In 1777, however, a British Army invading from Canada -heading south into New York was defeated by American troops in -Stillwater and forced to surrender at Saratoga—now Schuylerville, NY. -This surrender was important both in strengthening the American Spirit -and in getting other countries to recognize and help the new American -nation. - -Saratoga National Historical Park commemorates the campaign and battles -in which this American army was victorious over British forces. We also -preserve and protect the areas where these events happened. This Junior -Ranger Book has puzzles and activities to help you understand all of -this: the historic grounds we protect and the people, events and time of -the Saratoga Campaign. - - _Enjoy your Visit!_ - - - - - ACTIVITY 1—Scavenger Hunt - - - [Illustration: Hand-held magnifying glass] - -Go on a scavenger hunt through the Park. Look for the items listed below -and draw a picture of each as you find it. See how many you can find. - -Remember: leave everything where you find it! - - - - - - - -A CANNON - - - - - - - -AN OFFICER’S SWORD - - - - - - - -SOMETHING TALLER THAN YOU - - - - - - - -RIVER OR STREAM - - - - - - - -UNIFORM BUTTONS - - - - - - - -SOMETHING YOU’D USE AT HOME - - - - - - - -A CARTRIDGE BOX - - - - - - - -A TRAIL MARKER - - - - - - - -A SOLDIER’S HAT - - - - - - - -AN ANIMAL TRACK - - - - - - - -AN INSECT - - - - - - - -A WOODEN TOOL - - - - - - - -A WILD ANIMAL - - - - - - - -AN 18th CENTURY BUILDING - - - - - - - -SOLDIER’S SHOES OR BOOTS - - - - - - - -A MONUMENT - - - - - ACTIVITY 2—Food & Supplies - - -Armies in the 1700’s were not always welcomed by people in the areas -they marched through, as these armies often took food and other items -from civilians. Sometimes they paid for these supplies, sometimes they -did not. Sometimes, they might only promise to pay. Here in America, -even if the soldiers paid for supplies, it might be with Continental -money, which wasn’t often accepted by everyone. - -When soldiers were officially ordered by their army to collect what was -needed, it was called requisitioning [“_reh-kwi-zi-shen-ing_”] When -soldiers took items without permission, it was called theft (stealing). -Civilians usually felt it was theft, whether the soldiers had the army’s -permission or not. - -Soldiers’ wives and even families sometimes followed the armies. These -“camp followers” were often forced to forage—look around for whatever -supplies they could find—without permission, as the armies did not give -them everything they might need. For them, it was a matter of survival. - -Polly Sloat is a soldier’s wife who has helped herself to goods at -Farmer Edgar’s home. Farmer Edgar has complained to an officer. Polly is -crafty, though, and has hidden the items she took. Can you find them in -the picture on the next page? As a hint, here is a list of the items she -took. You may want to cross off each item as you find it in the picture. - - [_] _a pig_ - [_] _breeches (pants)_ - [_] _spoon_ - [_] _candle sticks_ - [_] _chicken_ - [_] _stockings (socks)_ - [_] _scissors_ - [_] _watch_ - [_] _small bucket_ - - [Illustration: Activity 2—Food & Supplies, continued] - - - - - ACTIVITY 3—Fortifications & Obstacles - - -Armies in the 18th Century built fortifications to make it more -difficult for their enemies to attack them. At the Saratoga Battlefield, -the Americans and British constructed fortifications to protect their -camps. - -Obstacles would be placed outside the fortifications. Sometimes they -would be made by boring (drilling) holes through logs and putting -pointed poles through the holes. These were called _chevaux de fris_ -(pronounced “shuh-vo-duh-free”). A quicker obstacle could be made by -cutting down trees and sharpening a tangle of branches. This was called -_abatis_ (pronounced “ah-bah-tee”); it was used a great deal at our -battlefield. When placed properly, these obstacles could force an enemy -to attack in directions where they could not sneak up on the -defender—and where the defenders were waiting for them. - -Caleb, a member of a local militia regiment, has been outside the -American fortifications on Bemis Heights, cutting brush for firewood. -It’s getting dark and he needs help finding his way back without -encountering obstacles or guards who might shoot him by accident. - -Draw a line through the maze from where Caleb is now (lower left corner -of the maze: he’s got the bundle of sticks on his shoulder) to the -safety of the redoubt (pronounced “re-dowt”), the zig-zag wooden wall. - - [Illustration: _abatis_] - - [Illustration: _redoubt_] - - [Illustration: _chevaux de fris_] - - [Illustration: Activity 3—Fortifications & Obstacles, continued] - - - - - Activity 4—“Report, Scout!” - - - [Illustration: Scout] - -Scouts were very important throughout the War for American Independence. -They provided valuable information about the enemy army and what it was -doing. Knowing the enemy’s position, its strengths and its weaknesses, -helped commanders decide what the actions of their own troops should be. - -At the time of the Battles of Freeman’s Farm and Bemis Heights, General -Burgoyne’s army had lost most of the troops who could be effective -scouts. Most of the Canadian and American Indians with his army had -returned home to Canada and elsewhere, and many Americans loyal to -England had been killed or captured at Walloomscoic (pronounced -“_wall-oom-sick_”, also known as the Battle of Bennington). The American -Army, with a battalion of rifle troops drawn from Virginia and -Pennsylvania rifle regiments, enjoyed a slight advantage. Also, warriors -from the Oneida [“_Own-eye-da_”] and Tuscarora [“_Tusk-a-ror-a_”] -nations (two of the six making up the Iroquois [“_Ear-o-coy_”] -Confederacy) assisted the American Army. - -Now, you have been selected as a scout for the American Army. You have -crept near a British patrol. Study the picture on the next page for one -minute, then answer as many of the following questions as you can. - - One man has a torn paper piece stuck in his hat. What two letters are - written on it? ______________________________ - The man next to him has something in his right hand. What is it? - ______________________________ - How many private (regular) soldiers are standing toward the left? - ______________________________ - How many muskets are they holding? ______________________________ - - [Illustration: Activity 4—“Report, Scout!” continued] - - - - - ACTIVITY 5—“Sign In” Here! - - -One of the ways visitors learn about important or interesting parts of a -National Park is by reading signs. What a sign says, where it is placed, -and what it looks like are important to consider. Based on what you’ve -seen during your visit to Saratoga National Historical Park, think up a -sign to describe something here you think is important, and create your -sign below. It will help you to remember your trip here! Don’t forget to -put the National Park Service “arrowhead” on the sign. - - [Illustration: Blank signpost] - - - - - ACTIVITY 6—Codebreaker - - -Every National Park is special and unique. Each has natural resources -(like plants, trees, birds, insects, fish, land) and cultural resources -(such as very old homes, factories, battlefields, forts, roads, or even -ancient dwellings). The National Park Service works to preserve these -resources, and to help visitors learn about and appreciate them. - -To help us in our mission, the National Park Service uses a system of -abbreviations, sort of like codes, for park names. The “code name” -generally uses the first four letters of the park name. For Saratoga -National Historical Park, the abbreviation is SARA. Morristown National -Historical Park, in New Jersey, is MORR. Parks with more than one name -generally use the first two letters of the first two words in the park -name. Fort Stanwix National Monument, in Rome, NY, becomes FOST. There -are exceptions: Carlsbad Caverns National Park in New Mexico is CAVE. - -How many can you figure out? For added fun, see if you can find each of -these on a map of the United States. You can learn more about each park -on the National Park Service web site, www.nps.gov, at home, at school, -or in your local library! - -(_answers are at the bottom of the page_) - - 1) Minute Man National Historical Park (Lexington and Concord, MA) - ________ - 2) Acadia National Park (Bar Harbor, ME) ________ - 3) Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (St. Augustine, FL) - ________ - 4) Hot Springs National Park (Hot Springs, AR) ________ - 5) Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone National Park, WY) ________ - - 1) _MIMA_ - 2) _ACAD_ - 3) _CAST_ - 4) _HOSP_ - 5) _YELL_ - - - Special thanks to the Friends of Saratoga Battlefield, whose - enthusiasm and support made our Junior Ranger program possible! - - design/layout: William Valosin, Park Ranger - activities and artwork: Joe Craig, Eric Schnitzer, William Valosin, - Park Rangers - - - updated July 2007 - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - -—In the HTML version only, data entry is supported, but input is not - preserved across browser refreshes. - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Saratoga National Historical Park -Junior Ranger Program, by William Valosin - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARATOGA NAT. 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