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diff --git a/old/60016-0.txt b/old/60016-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c43826a..0000000 --- a/old/60016-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9108 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of London and Its Environs Described, vol. 3 -(of 6), by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: London and Its Environs Described, vol. 3 (of 6) - Containing an Account of whatever is most remarkable for - Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: July 30, 2019 [EBook #60016] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS, VOL 3 *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - LONDON - - AND ITS - - ENVIRONS - - DESCRIBED. - - VOL. III. - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - LONDON - - AND ITS - - ENVIRONS - - DESCRIBED. - - - CONTAINING - -An Account of whatever is most remarkable for GRANDEUR, ELEGANCE, -CURIOSITY or USE, - - - In the CITY and in the COUNTRY - Twenty Miles round it. - - COMPREHENDING ALSO - Whatever is most material in the History and Antiquities - of this great Metropolis. - - -Decorated and illustrated with a great Number of Views in Perspective, -engraved from original Drawings, taken on purpose for this Work. - - - Together with a PLAN of LONDON, - A Map of the ENVIRONS, and several other - useful CUTS. - - - VOL. III. - - - LONDON: - Printed for R. and J. DODSLEY in Pall Mall. - - ---------- - - M DCC LXI. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - LONDON - - AND ITS - - ENVIRONS - - DESCRIBED, &c. - - - - - GAP - - -_St._ GABRIEL’S, a church which stood opposite to Cullum street, the - middle of Fenchurch street, in Langbourn ward; but being destroyed by - the fire of London and not rebuilt, the parish was annexed to the - church of St. Margaret Pattens. - -GAINSFORD _street_, Horselydown lane.† - -GALLARD’S _Almshouse_, in Golden lane, was founded by Richard Gallard of - Islington, Esq; for thirteen poor men and women, who were to receive - only two pence a week each, and a load of charcoal yearly amongst them - all. By this small allowance, it appears that this house must be of a - very ancient foundation. _Maitland._ - -GAP _yard_, Stepney Causeway. - -GARDENS _court_, 1. Baldwin’s gardens.☐ 2. St. Botolph Bishopsgate - church yard.☐ 3. Clement’s Inn.☐ 4. Clifford’s Inn.☐ 5. Furnival’s - Inn.☐ 6. Lincoln’s Inn.☐ 7. Middle Temple.☐ 8. Petticoat lane.☐ 9. - Serjeants Inn.☐ 10. Sion College.☐ 11. Staple’s Inn.☐ 12. Star street, - Wapping Wall.☐ 13. Thavie’s Inn.☐ - -GARDEN _row_, 1. Inner Temple.☐ 2. Lower street, Islington.☐ 3. Unicorn - alley, Shoreditch.☐ - -GARDENERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King - James I. in the year 1616. They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, - and eighteen Assistants; but have neither hall nor livery. - -GARDINER’S _court_, Gardiner’s lane, King street, Westminster.† - -GARDINER’S _ground_, Collingwood street. - -GARDINER’S _lane_, 1. High Timber street. 2. King street, Westminster. - 3. Maiden lane. 4. Neathouse lane. 5. Petty France, Westminster. 6. - Willow street. - -GARDINER’S _row_, Chelsea. - -GARLAND _alley_, Bishopsgate street. - -GARLAND _court_, 1. Ocean street, Stepney. 2. Trinity lane. - -GARLIC _hill_, Thames street; so called from the garlick market formerly - held thereabout. _Stow._ - -GARRAT _street_, Cock lane, Shoreditch.† - -GARRET’S _Almshouse_, in Porter’s fields, and in the liberty of Norton - Falgate, was founded in the year 1729, by Nicholas Garret, Esq; - citizen and weaver, for the accommodation of six poor members of his - company, each of whom has also an annual allowance of 8_l._, a - chaldron of coals, and dozen and a half of candles. _Maitland._ - -GARRET’S _rents_, Coleman street.† - -GARTER _court_, Barbican.* - -GARTER _yard_, Ratcliff Highway. - -GASSON, a village in the parish of Blechingley, in Surry, at the source - of the river Medway. - -GATEHOUSE, Tothill street, Westminster, is so called from two gates, - erected there in the reign of Edward III. Here is a prison for debtors - and criminals. - -GATE _street_, Lincoln’s Inn fields. - -GATTON, a very small borough in Surry, eighteen miles from London, under - the side of a hill in the road to Ryegate. This is a very ancient - town; and from the Roman coins and other antiquities found there, is - supposed to have been well known to the Romans; but though it is a - borough by prescription, and has sent members to parliament ever since - the 29th of Henry VI. and though it was formerly a large and populous - place, it now resembles a very mean village; it having only a small - church, and neither a fair nor market. The members are returned by its - constable, who is annually chosen at the Lord of the manor’s court. - This parish is famous for a quarry of white stone, which, though very - soft, will endure the fire admirably well; but neither the sun nor the - air; on which account it is much used for glass houses, and by - chemists and bakers. - -GAUNT’S _key_. Thames street.† - -GENEVA _row_, Tyburn road.† - -GENTEE’S _passage_, Nibb’s Pound.† - -GEORGE _alley_, 1. Aldgate street, within.* 2. Bishopsgate street.* 3. - In the Borough.* 4. Coleman street.* 5. Field lane, at the bottom of - Holborn hill.* 6. George street, York buildings.* 7. Holles street, - Clare market.* 8. King Tudor’s street.* 9. Lombard street, Gracechurch - street.* 10. Lower Shadwell. 11. St. Margaret’s hill.* 12. New George - street, Spitalfields.* 13. Rotherhith.* 14. Saffron hill.* 15. Shoe - lane, Fleet street.* 16. Stony street.* 17. In the Strand.* 18. Thames - street.* 19. Turnmill street.* 20. York buildings.* - -GEORGE AND VULTURE _alley_, Cornhill.* - - -[Illustration: - - _S. Wale delin._ _Elliot sculp._ - _Bloomsbury Church._ -] - - -GEORGE _court_, 1. Bennet’s hill.* 2. Coleman street.* 3. East - Smithfield.* 4. George street, Conduit street.* 5. George street in - the Mint.* 6. Gravel lane.* 7. Hatton Wall.* 8. St. John’s lane.* 9. - Little St. Thomas Apostles.* 10. Near Newington Turnpike.* 11. - Prince’s street, Spitalfields.* 12. Seacole lane, Snow hill.* - -GEORGE INN _yard_, in the Borough.* - -GEORGE _lane_, St. Botolph lane.* - -GEORGE’S _buildings_, 1. Catharine Wheel alley, Whitechapel.† 2. Near - Rosemary lane.† 3. Jermain street.† - -_St._ GEORGE’S _Bloomsbury_, is one of the fifty new churches appointed - to be built by act of parliament within the bills of mortality. The - name of St. George was given to it in honour of his present Majesty; - and it received the additional epithet of Bloomsbury, from its - situation, to distinguish it from others of the same name. - - The portico through which you enter the church stands on the south - side, as is represented in the print. It is of the Corinthian order, - and makes a very good figure in the street, but has no affinity to the - church, which is very heavy, and would be better suited with a Tuscan - portico. The tower and steeple at the west, is a very extraordinary - structure. On the top standing on a round pedestal or altar, is a - colossal statue of the late King, supported by a pyramid. At the - corners near the base are alternately placed the lion and unicorn the - British supporters, with festoons between: these animals being very - large, are injudiciously placed over columns very small, which makes - them appear monsters. The under part is heavy enough, but not - connected with the church. The introduction of figures and other - pieces of sculpture into steeples, which are so much the work of - fancy, and where the artist is not so much confined as in the other - parts of the building, if managed with taste and propriety might be - made elegant ornaments, and would make a fine variety with the - architectonic ones with which the city already abounds. - - This church was erected at the public expence, and consecrated in - January 1731. A district for its parish was by authority of parliament - taken out of that of St. Giles’s, and the sum of 3000_l._ was given - towards the support of its Rector, to which being added 1250_l._ by - the inhabitants of St. Giles’s parish, both sums were ordered to be - laid out in the purchase of lands, tenements, &c. in fee simple, as a - perpetual fund for the maintenance of the Rector and his successors; - but the poor of this parish and that of St. Giles’s in the Fields, are - to be maintained by the joint assessment of both parishes, in the same - manner as before their being divided. - -_St._ GEORGE’S _Botolph lane_, is like all the other churches of this - name, dedicated to St. George of Cappadocia, the martyr and tutelar - saint of the English nation, and is situated on the west side of - Botolph lane, Thames street. The old church was destroyed by the fire - of London in 1666, and the present edifice built in its stead. It is - enlightened with a single series of tall windows, and the steeple - consists of a plain tower ornamented with vases at the four corners. - - This is a rectory in the gift of the Crown; and to this parish that of - St. Botolph’s Billingsgate is united by act of parliament. - -_St._ GEORGE’S _fields_, a large space between Lambeth and Southwark, - where have been found many Roman coins, chequered pavements, and - bricks, it being the center of three Roman ways. Since the building of - Westminster bridge, a new road has been made across these fields, - which leading into the Borough forms a communication between the two - bridges. - -_St._ GEORGE’S _Hanover square_, is situated on the east side of George - street, near the square, whence it had its additional epithet. This is - one of the churches that were found necessary, upon the great increase - of public buildings in this part of the town; for the church of St - Martin’s in the Fields being at too great a distance from the new - streets, and too small for the inhabitants, the Commissioners for the - fifty new churches gave orders for erecting one in the skirts of the - parish, on which this august pile arose, and was consecrated in 1724. - - This church, considering the extent of the parish, is too small. It - has a plain body with an elegant portico: the columns, which are - Corinthian, are of a large diameter, and the pediment has its - acroteria, but without farther ornament. It has a tower, which, above - the clock, is elegantly adorned at the corners with coupled Corinthian - columns that are very lofty. These are crowned with their entablature, - which at each corner supports two vases, and over these the tower - still rises till it is terminated by a dome crowned with a turret - which supports a ball, over which rises the weather-cock. - - This church is a rectory; the parish at first consisted of the two out - wards of that of St. Martin’s in the Fields; but it has now four - wards, named Conduit street, Grosvenor street, Dover street, and the - out ward. The advowson is settled upon the Bishop of London and his - successors. The profits arising to the Rector, are said to amount to - about 600_l._ _per annum_. Lieutenant General Stewart gave the ground - on which this church was erected, and some time after bequeathed to - this parish the sum of 4000_l._ towards erecting and endowing a - charity school in it. - -_St._ GEORGE’S _Middlesex_, situated on the north side of Ratcliff - Highway, is another of the churches occasioned by the increase of - buildings in a part of the town opposite to the former. The - Commissioners for erecting fifty new churches caused the foundation to - be laid in the year 1715, and the structure was finished in 1729. - - This is a massy structure, erected in a very singular taste. The floor - is raised a considerable height above the level of the ground; and to - the principal door, which is in the west front of the tower, is an - ascent by a double flight of steps, cut with a sweep, and defended by - a low wall of the same form; but what is most singular in this - structure, is, there are two turrets over the body of the church, and - one on the tower, which last is in the manner of a fortification, with - a staff on the top for an occasional flag. The author of _The Review - of the Public Buildings_ calls this edifice a mere Gothic heap of - stone, without form or order. - - The parish is taken out of that of Stepney; and by act of parliament - the hamlet of Wapping Stepney is appropriated to that purpose, and in - all respects rendered independent of Stepney parish. Towards the - maintenance of the Rector and his successors, the parliament gave the - sum of 3000_l._ to be laid out in the purchase of lands, tenements, - &c. in fee simple; and as a farther provision, the churchwardens are - annually to pay him the sum of 100_l._ to be raised by burial fees. - The advowson of this rectory, like that of Stepney, is in the - Principal and Scholars of King’s hall, and Brazen nose college, - Oxford. - -_St._ GEORGE’S _Queen square_, also arose from the increase of - buildings. Several gentlemen at the extremity of the parish of St. - Andrew’s Holborn, having proposed the erecting of a chapel for - religious worship, Sir Streynsham Master, and fourteen of the other - neighbouring gentlemen, were appointed trustees for the management of - this affair. These gentlemen in the year 1705, agreed with Mr. Tooley - to give him 3500_l._ for erecting a chapel and two houses, intending - to reimburse themselves by the sale of pews; and this edifice being - finished the next year, they settled annual stipends for the - maintenance of a chaplain, an afternoon preacher who was also reader, - and a clerk, giving to the first and second a salary of 100_l._ each, - and to the last 50_l._ But the Commissioners for erecting fifty new - churches resolving to make this one of them, purchased it, caused a - certain district to be appointed for its parish, and had it - consecrated in the year 1723, when it was dedicated to St. George in - compliment to Sir Streynsham Master, who had been Governor of Fort St. - George in the East Indies. _Maitland._ - - This church is a plain common building void of all elegance; it is - however convenient and well enlightened. The rectory, like that of St. - Andrew’s, is in the Duke of Montague’s gift. - -_St._ GEORGE’S _Southwark_, is situated at the south east corner of St. - Margaret’s hill. There was a church in this place before the year - 1122, which in 1629, was repaired and beautified within. This edifice - was preserved by its situation, from the dreadful conflagration in - 1666; but the decays of age rendered it necessary to take it down in - 1734, when the present church was begun, and finished in 1736. - - To this church there is an ascent by a flight of steps, defended by - plain iron rails. The door case, which is Ionic, has a circular - pediment, ornamented with the heads of Cherubims in clouds; and on - each side of this pediment, which reaches to the height of the roof, - the front is adorned with a ballustrade and vases. From this part the - tower rises plain, strengthened with rustic quoins, as is the body of - the building, and on the corners of the tower are again placed vases. - From this part the diminution is too great; and from hence are raised - a series of Ionic columns supporting the base of the spire, which has - ribs on the angles, and openings in all the faces. The top is crowned - with a ball from which rises the vane. - - This church is a rectory in the gift of the Crown; the profits of - which to the Incumbent amount to about 220_l._ a year. _English - Architect._ _Maitland._ - -_St._ GEORGE’S HOSPITAL, near Hyde Park Corner. This undertaking was set - on foot soon after Michaelmas 1733, by some gentlemen who were before - concerned in a charity of the like kind in the lower part of - Westminster. This house they judged convenient for their purpose, on - account of its air, situation, and nearness to town; they therefore - procured a lease of it, and opened a subscription for carrying on the - charity here, which increased so fast, that on the 19th of October - they were formed into a regular society, and actually began to receive - patients on the first of January following. - - Here are admitted the poor, sick, and lame, who are supplied with - advice, medicine, diet, washing, lodging, and some of the miserable - with cloaths also. The Physicians visit their patients on Mondays and - Fridays, and on all intermediate days whenever occasion requires; but - the Surgeon attends every day; and on every Friday morning there is a - general consultation of all the Physicians and Surgeons. No security - for the burial of the patients is required, nor any money, gift, or - reward taken of them or their friends, on any account whatsoever. - Those who die, if their friends are unable to bury them, are interred - at the charge of the society. And the money collected in the poor box - at the door, is kept as a separate fund for furnishing those with some - little sum of money, whose distance from their habitations, or other - particular necessities, require it. - - The apothecaries, who are Governors, are appointed to attend by - rotation as visitors, to see that the apothecary of the house takes - due care of the medicines and patients. Two visitors are chosen weekly - out of the subscribers, to attend daily, and take care, by examining - the provision and patients, that the orders of the society are - punctually observed, that the patients are treated in every respect - with order and tenderness, and to make a report in writing of their - observations. - - Prayers are read daily to the patients; a sermon is preached every - Sunday, the communion is administered every month, and the chaplain - attends at other times to catechize and perform other religious - offices, as often as their cases require; and when the patients are - discharged, religious tracts are given to each of them, for their - farther edification. - - A board of Governors meet every Wednesday morning, to do the current - business of the hospital, to receive and examine the reports of the - visitors, to discharge and admit patients, to receive the complaints - and proposals of all persons, and to prepare such matters as are - proper for the consideration of general boards. A general board of the - Governors meet regularly five times a year. - - The Governors are in number upwards of three hundred. No person - receiving salary, fee, or reward from the hospital, is capable of - being a Governor; but every other gentleman subscribing 5_l._ a year, - or upwards, or giving one benefaction of 50_l._ although he be not an - annual subscriber, is thereupon put in nomination to be a Governor, - and at the first general court, which is held one month afterwards, is - accordingly ballotted for by the Governors. The subscriptions are - received by the Treasurers, at the weekly board, held every Wednesday - morning in the hospital. - - The other rules and regulations of this excellent hospital, are as - follow: - - I. No person is to be admitted a patient, except in cases of - accidents, without a note from a Governor or contributor, specifying - the name and place of abode of such patient, and that he or she is a - proper object of this charity. - - II. All recommendations are to be delivered every Wednesday morning, - by nine of the clock. - - III. In case any out-patients neglect coming two weeks successively on - the day and hour they are ordered to attend, such out-patients shall - be discharged for irregularity, except they have had leave from their - Physician. - - IV. No person discharged for irregularity is to be ever again admitted - into the hospital, upon any recommendation whatsoever. - - V. No patient is to be suffered to go out of the hospital without - leave in writing; and to avoid giving offence, no leave is to be given - to any patient to go into St. James’s Park, or the Green Park, called - Constitution hill, upon any pretence whatsoever. - - VI. No Governor, officer, or servant, must at any time presume, on - pain of expulsion, to take of any tradesman, patient, or other person, - any fee, reward, or gratification of any kind, directly, or - indirectly, for any service done, or to be done, on account of this - hospital. - - VII. No person subscribing less than two guineas a year, can recommend - more than two in-patients in the year. - - VIII. When there is not room for all the patients recommended at one - time to be received into the hospital, those are taken in whose - admission the board are of opinion, will most effectually answer the - end of the charity; and the rest, if proper objects, are admitted - out-patients, till there is room for them in the hospital. Most - consumptive and asthmatic cases are more capable of relief as - out-patients, than as in-patients. - - By this noble foundation, there have been discharged from the - hospital, since its first receiving of patients on the first of - January 1733, to the 27th of December 1752, 60,188. Those in the house - on the 27th of December 1752, amounted to 273. The out-patients in the - books at the same time were 645, which in all made 61,106. _From the - account published by the General Board._ - - This hospital enjoys a fine situation, and has all the benefit of a - clear and pure air: it has the advantage of being a very neat, though - not an expensive building; and though it is extremely plain, it is not - void of ornament. It has two small wings, and a large front, with only - one door, which is in the middle, and to which there is an ascent by a - few steps. On the top of this part of the building is a pediment - raised above the rest of the edifice, and under this ornament is a - stone with an inscription, expressing the noble use to which this - structure is applied. - -_St._ GEORGE’S _court_, Newington causeway. - -GEORGE _stairs_, 1. Deptford.* 2. Shad Thames.* - -GEORGE _street_, 1. Cambridge Heath.* 2. Foster lane, Cheapside.* 3. - Hanover square. 4. Little Chapel street. 5. In the Mint.* 6. Near - Tothill side. 7. Pall Mall. 8. Ratcliff highway. 9. Tyburn road. 10. - White row, Spitalfields.* 11. Windsor street. 12. York buildings. See - GREAT GEORGE _street_. - - Some of the new streets of this name, were thus denominated in honour - of King George I. and II. - - A list of the pictures belonging to General Guise, at his house in - George street, Hanover square. - - On the left hand of the staircase. - -A piece of architecture, rather large, adorned with many small figures - very graceful. The architecture, by Viviani. The figures, in his best - manner, by Sebastiano Ricci. - -Two heads in one picture, a little smaller than life. They exhibit two - caricaturas, by Spagnoletto. - -A portrait of some Spanish nobleman, half length, after the life, nobly - painted and well preserved, by Moriglio. - -A head with part of the shoulders, and it seems to be the portrait of - some great man. In his first manner, by Titiano. - -A picture, with many figures two feet high, representing Solomon’s - judgment. The invention, disposition, and colouring are equally - wonderful, by Pasqualini Romano, disciple of Andrea Sacchi. - -A representation of our Saviour on his doleful way to Calvary. The - figures almost as big as the life, by Andrea Mantegna. - - _Mantegna was Correggio’s master, and this picture was in the - collection of King Charles the First._ - -The rape of the Sabines. A picture of great merit both for invention and - colouring, the author unknown. - -A figure as big as the life, of particular beauty, exhibiting St. Jerome - fervently praying, by Domenichino. - -A head with part of the shoulders, as big as the life. It is the - portrait, painted by himself, of Francesco Mola. - -A small sketch representing a sacrifice, with the temple of Diana. The - figures are many and wonderfully well disposed, by Pietro da Cortona. - - _It goes about in print._ - -A small sketch in light and shadow, with many figures representing a - Saint, ready to suffer martyrdom, drawn with great liveliness and - taste, by Ant. Vandyke. - -A small octagonal picture on a black stone, representing our Saviour - carried to the sepulchre, by Annibal Caracci. - -A picture containing several figures about three feet high, exhibiting - St. Laurence’s martyrdom, by Tintoretto. - -A landscape with figures one foot high, representing the martyrdom of - St. Peter Martir. The figures, by Agostino Caracci. The landscape, by - Gobbo de Caracci. - -A sketch representing a victorious Prince carried in triumph. The - figures are many, a foot and a half high, and many of them - allegorical, by Giordano d’Anversa. - -A large piece of architecture with figures. In his first manner, by - Nicol. Poussin. - -A picture, containing some half lengths a little bigger than the life, - exhibiting Faith that gives her sword to a General, by Pietro della - Vecchia. - -The portrait of a General, half length, a little bigger than the life. - It is believ’d to be a copy from Titian, by Luca Giordano. - -A figure very artfully foreshorten’d, representing our Saviour dead, as - big as the life, by Lodovico Caracci. - -A picture exhibiting a battle, full of figures about one foot high; and - one of the noblest performances of Bourgognone. - -Apollo and Marsyas. The figures about three feet high, by Sebastiano - Ricci. - - In the first and second rooms of the - ground floor. - -A large picture containing some half lengths as big as the life, and - representing the taking our Saviour in the garden, by Giacomo da - Bassano. - -A piece containing many half length figures as big as the life, - representing the prodigal son received by his father. A famous - performance of Guercino da Cento. - -Sophonisba dying with grief in the arms of her damsel on receiving - doleful news. The figures are half lengths as big as the life. A - celebrated piece, by Domenichino. - -Our Saviour known by the two disciples in the breaking of the bread. The - figures bigger than the life, by Lodovico Caracci. - -The flight into Egypt. The figures as big as the life. A noble work, by - Guido Reni. - -The heads of St. Andrew and St. Paul, bigger than the life. A valuable - performance, by Andrea Sacchi. - -St. Elizabeth with St. John when a babe, musing on a cross made of - reeds. The figures smaller than the life. A renowned piece, by - Leonardo da Vinci. - -Judith holding Holofernes’s head. A half length, very beautiful, by - Francesco Salviati. - -Our Saviour’s nativity. The figures a little more than one foot high, - finished with extreme diligence. A rare work, by Baldassare Peruzzi. - -Our Lady contemplating her babe. The figures about two feet and a half, - wonderfully well done after Correggio’s manner, by Francesco Mazzuoli, - commonly called Parmigianino. - -A half length, as big as the life, representing a naked woman, by - Titiano. - - _It is thought that this is the portrait of the woman that was - Titian’s model, when he drew the famous Venus now existing in the - room called_ La Tribuna, _in the Medicean gallery at Florence_. - -Our Saviour taken down from the cross. The figures a little more than - one foot high, by Daniele da Volterra. - - _This appears to be the sketch from which Daniel made the large - famous picture, that is now in one of the chapels of the church - called_ La Trinità de Monit, _at Rome_. - -An oval picture representing Medusa’s head, bigger than the life, - painted with astonishing expression, by Rubens. - -A holy family. The figures one foot high, compleatly finished, by Annib. - Caracci. - -Our Saviour crowned with thorns. The figures a foot and a half high. One - of the best works in his first manner, by Correggio. - -Our Lady with the two babes Jesus and John laying hold of a lamb, and - two angels devoutly looking on them, by Fran. Mazzuoli, called - Parmigianino. - - _It was formerly in Charles the First’s collection._ - -Socrates and Alcibiades. Half lengths of about a foot and a half, by - Giorgione da Castelfranco, who was Titiano’s master. - -A small picture representing our Lady’s assumption, and the apostles, by - Francesco Naldini. - - _This was the sketch of a celebrated picture now in Florence._ - -Our Saviour’s circumcision. An original sketch, by Polidoro da - Caravaggio. - -A picture in light and shadow, representing Diana and her nymphs in the - bath, changing Acteon into a stag. An original beautiful sketch. The - figures one foot high, by Nicolo dell’ Abate. - -A small sketch for a ceiling in light and shadow, by Correggio. - -Our Saviour’s supper, a small and most beautiful performance, by - Innocenzo da Imola. - - _Innocenzo was one of Raphael’s best disciples._ - -A Venetian history, by Paolo Veronese. - - _This is an original sketch of one of the large pictures painted by - Paolo in the_ Sala del Consiglio, _at Venice_. - -A boy’s head, as big as the life, by Annibal Caracci. - -Diana’s head, as big as the life, by Camillo Procaccini. - -St. Catharine, a foot and a half high. A celebrated and well preserved - performance, by Benvenuto da Garofolo. - -A landscape exhibiting the hunting of the hare, a beautiful work, by - Gobbo de Caracci. - -Adam and Eve driven out of paradise by the angel. The figures one foot - high. A famous and well preserved work, by the Cavaliere Giuseppe d’ - Arpino. - -The head of a woman smiling, smaller than the life, by Leonardo da - Vinci. - -A child’s head, smaller than the life, by Fra. Bartolomeo di San Marco. - -The pale of an altar with figures bigger than the life, representing St. - Lucy, - -St. John the Evangelist, St. Humphrey, and St. Francis. A famous - performance, by Correggio: except St. Humphrey’s figure, which having - been left unfinish’d by Correggio, was afterwards finished by - Spagnoletto. - -The family of the Caracci’s, represented in a butcher’s shop, and those - celebrated painters in butchers dresses. _Annibal_ is weighing some - meat to a Swiss of the Cardinal of Bologna’s guard. _Agostino_ is - shaking a nail and trying if it holds fast, that he may hang on it a - leg of mutton which he holds in his left hand. The _Gobbo_ is lifting - up half a calf to hang it on a beam, and _Lodovico_ stoops down - killing a sheep. The mother of them is represented as a servant-maid - that comes to buy some meat. The likenesses are traditionally said to - be wonderful; and the whole of this no less odd than beautiful picture - was the most celebrated performance of Annibal Caracci. - -Three half figures as big as the life, representing three ladies - diverting themselves with music, and a gentleman listening to them. In - all probability they were portraits, by Titiano. - -A sketch of one of the most capital pictures in Venice, and preserved - there in a church. It represents our blessed Lady with St. Peter and - St. Francis, and a Venetian General of the Capello’s family come back - victorious from a battle against the Turks, who offers the standard - and the trophies of his victory to the altar of our Lady. The whole - Capello family is exhibited in this picture. A celebrated work, by - Titiano. - -A landscape with figures. It represents part of the country near - Bologna, by Domenichino. - -A woman representing Simplicity, with a dove in her hand. A half length - as big as the life, by Francesco Furino. - -The good Samaritan. The figures are two feet high. A valuable picture, - by Sisto Badalocchi. - -Our Lady with her babe, about two feet high, painted much after - Correggio’s manner, by Sebastian Ricci. - -The head of a youth, a little smaller than the life, by Raphael. - -Two small pictures, exhibiting two different martyrdoms of two saints, - by Giacomo del Po. - -A small sketch, by Ciro Ferri, a disciple of Pietro da Cortona. - -A picture exhibiting our Saviour’s nativity. The devotion and maternal - affection of our blessed Lady looking on her babe, is prodigiously - well expressed. St. Joseph stands admiring the compunction of two - shepherds contrasted by another that takes care of the ass. Of two - other shepherds, placed at some distance, one holds a light in his - hand and shows the other the manger, expressing a pious wonder. - Further off there is a most beautiful angel in the clouds proclaiming - the birth of our Saviour to the other shepherds. No picture ever - surpassed this most elaborate performance of Titiano. - - _It was one of King Charles the First’s collection; and there are two - prints of it, an ancient one in wood, the other in copper-plate._ - -Another nativity, painted likewise with his usual delicacy and noble - expression, by the same Titiano. - -Our Lady with her babe in her arms, near as big as the life, standing on - the clouds, supported and attended by cherubs and angels. Under it - there is a sight of the town of Bologna, and adjacent villages, all - painted in his best manner, by Annibal Caracci. - -Susan tempted by the two old men, boldly and vigorously painted as big - as the life, by Agostino Caracci. - -The slaughter of the innocents, containing nineteen figures as big as - the life. A master-piece both for composition and colouring, by - Valerio Castelli. - -Two children bigger than the life, representing holy Love the conqueror - of profane Love; one of the best performances in his first manner, by - Guido Reni. - -A lively figure of an Italian buffoon, drinking merrily, an half figure, - as big as the life, by Annibal Caracci. - -The portrait of some Nobleman, a little more than a half length, by - Francesco Torbido, commonly called, il Moro Veronese. - - _This painter was much admired by Titian himself._ - -A nativity of our Saviour. The figures about one foot high. The effect - of the light that shines out of the babe, and irradiates the whole - picture, is astonishing. This is a celebrated piece, by Cavalier - Cavedone. - -A head as big as the life, representing our Saviour, painted in a bold - manner, by Agostino Caracci. - -Apollo in the attitude of slaying Marsyas. The figures about two feet - high, by Andrea Sacchi. - -Two small pictures, the one representing a mountebank drawing a tooth to - a clown, surrounded by many spectators; the other exhibiting many - people playing at balls upon the ground. Tho’ both these pictures are - copious in figures, yet there is none of them but has some posture or - meaning most lively and naturally expressed, by Michelangelo delle - Battaglie. - -A small picture, containing our Lady and her babe, St. Joseph, and St. - Catharine, half figures, finely painted, by Bartolomeo Schidone. - -A small picture, representing an angel that contemplates with a most - afflicted look one of the nails with which our Saviour was crucified, - holding it up in his hand, by Correggio. - -A most beautiful sketch, representing our Saviour laid in the sepulchre, - with the Virgin who has swooned and is supported by the three Marys, - by Giacomo da Bassano. - -Four small pictures, containing some figures two feet high, most - masterly painted, by Francesco Mazzuoli, called il Parmigianino. - -A small picture with many figures, representing our Saviour shewn to the - people by Pilate. A noble performance, by Federigo Barocci. - -A small picture, representing our Saviour appearing to Mary Magdalen in - the gardener’s form, by Raphael’s master Pietro Perugino. - -The infant Jesus and St. John embracing. An excellent performance and - well preserved, by Raphael. Three heads in water colours, bigger than - the life, by Raphael. - -A head of Joseph of Arimathea, as big as the life, by Federigo Barocci. - - Pictures in the rooms of the first floor. - -A half length, a little smaller than the life, representing St. - Catharine. A rare ancient picture, by Vettori Carpacio. - -Our Lady with her babe and St. John. The proportion of the figures two - feet high. An incomparable performance of Andrea del Sarto. - -A small picture representing a father with his two children praying, by - Giovanni Holbens. - -A Nativity of our Saviour, containing eighteen figures two feet high. - The posture of our Lady that offers her breast to her babe, and that - of the babe itself, are most graceful; St. Joseph with them completes - one of the best groups that the art of painting ever produced; and - equally graceful is another group of three angels playing upon musical - instruments. Two other angels descend from heaven in an attitude of - adoration. Many more beautiful attitudes of devotion are those of the - shepherds, that fill up the left side of this astonishing performance - of the immortal Raphael. - - _There are two fine prints of this picture._ - -Our Lady with her babe, St. Catharine and St. Francis. The proportion of - the figures two feet. An excellent and well preserved performance of - Paolo Veronese. - -The view of a noble temple, our Saviour coming out of it, meets with - Magdalen, who is by him converted in the presence of some other women. - An excellent and well preserved performance, done in his first manner, - by Andrea del Sarto. - -Two half lengths as big as the life of two women, one the mistress, the - other her maid. The mistress was probably a portrait. She holds the - looking glass with one hand, and with the other adjusts her head, - listening to the maid that speaks to her. This is one of the best - works of Domenichino. - -Our Lady with her babe, the Magdalen, St. John, and St. Jerome. The - figures are about three feet high, painted with the greatest - gracefulness, by Francesco Mauzzoli, called il Parmigianino. - -A Cupid drawn by two doves in a golden carr, and two other Cupids - playing about him encircled by a flower garland. A picture extremely - well preserved, as well as masterly done by Domenichino. - -A copy of the famous nativity known under the name of _Correggio’s - night_; the figures two feet high, by Carlo Cignani. - -Diana in the bath converting Acteon into a stag, with her nymphs about - her. An elegant composition nobly coloured, the figures a foot and a - half, by Tintoretto. - -The communion of the Apostles, the figures a little above two feet. - There is a kindled lamp in this picture, which has a striking effect, - and the whole is painted with great vigour, by Tintoretto. - -St. John preaching in the desart, beautified with many well-disposed - figures, by Gobbo de Caracci. - -The fable of Erictonius delivered to the nymphs to be educated. Their - fear and wonder in spying the boy’s serpentine feet, and their - different attitudes, are most beautifully expressed. Each figure is - about half the bigness of nature, and painted with great spirit, by - Salvator Rosa. - -A landscape, exhibiting Moses delivering from the snares of the - shepherds, the daughters of Reuel the Priest of Midian, that came, to - give drink to their cattle, by Domenichino. - -Another small landscape, exhibiting some fishermen, and women washing - linen, by the same Domenichino. - -A youth little less than the life, that plays upon the guitar, with a - boy behind that listens with pleasure to him. By the celebrated - Spanish disciple of Titian, Fernandos. - -A half length, representing our Lord tempted in the desart, by Titiano. - -Two most beautiful Cherubs heads as big as the life, by Domenichino. - -A St. John’s head with a lamb, as big as the life, in his best manner, - by Guercino da Cento. - -Marsyas and Apollo, with Mydas that sits as their judge. The figures - about a foot high. A fine performance both for invention and - colouring, by Andrea Schiavone. - -A copy of the famous _Correggio’s Cupid_ as big as the life, by Annibal - Caracci. - -An Ecce Homo, as big as the life, painted with great force of expression - by Lodovico Caracci. - -Our Lord laid in the sepulchre, the figures a little more than a foot, - another noble work of Lodovico Caracci. - -St. Francis in a vision supported by Angels. The proportion of the - figures about two feet high, admirably well painted, by Annibal - Caracci. - -A little landscape, adorned with some pretty little figures, and it - looks as if painted after nature, by Gobbo de’ Caracci. - -A Venus and Cupid as big as the life. An astonishing performance, by - Titiano. - -A copy of one of the celebrated pictures of Raphael in the Roman - Vatican. This represents an achievement of the Emperor Constantine. - This copy appears to be the work of some great painter of the - Florentine school, being done in the most masterly manner. - - Second floor. - -A choir of Angels playing on several musical instruments, their - proportion about a foot and a half. God the Father supported by three - Cherubs, by Guido Reni. - -_This is thought to be the original sketch of a picture done in fresco - by Guido, in St. Gregory’s church at Rome._ - -The martyrdom of St. Erasmus, the figures about two feet high. This is - the original sketch of the famous picture preserved in St. Peter’s at - Rome, by Nicolo Poussin. - -Two pictures adorned with many beautiful figures, whose proportion is - about two feet. One represents the age of iron, the other the age of - copper; and they are the original models of the two pictures in - fresco, that are in the palace of Pitti at Florence, by Pietro da - Cortona. - -The original sketch of one of the ceilings painted in the Barberini’s - palace at Rome, by Pietro da Cortona. - - _It represents many allegorical figures._ - -A half length portrait as big as nature. The figure has a letter in one - hand, by Lodovico Caracci. - -The portrait of Maria Robusti; a half length as big as nature, by Paris - Bourdon. - -The picture of a woman as big as life, half length, by Giorgione da - Castelfranco. - -A head with part of the shoulders, representing a Greek merchant, as big - as the life, by Michael Angelo da Caravaggio. - -Our Lady with her babe, and St. John; the figures near as big as the - life. An excellent performance, by Titiano. - -A half length with the hands, representing Diogenes the Cynic; masterly - done by Spagnoletto. - -A half length portrait of himself, by Tintoretto. - -A portrait down to the knee, of the celebrated Naugerius, as big as the - life, by Tintoretto. - -The nativity of our Saviour, enriched with many beautiful figures about - one foot high, by Francesco Zuccarelli. - -A carton in water colours representing the holy family. The figures near - as big as the life, by Andrea del Sarto. - -An Emperor on horseback, the horse white, the proportion about two feet; - a bold and noble work of Giulio Romano. - - _It was once in King Charles the First’s collection._ - -A finished sketch of King Charles the First’s white horse, its - proportion about two feet, by Vandyke. - -The slaughter of the Innocents, and Herod on a throne commanding it, by - Bourgognone. - -Ariadne abandoned by Theseus, a naked figure as big as the life, by - Francesco Furino. - -GEORGE _yard_, 1. Beer lane, Tower street.* 2. Bow lane.* 3. Bishopsgate - street.* 4. Cable street.* 5. Dean street, Soho.* 6. Dorset garden, - Fleet street.* 7. Duke street, Grosvenor square.* 8. Fore street, - Lambeth.* 9. Golden lane.* 10. High Holborn.* 11. Hog lane, St. - Giles’s pound.* 12. Islington.* 13. Kent street, Southwark.* 14. - Little Britain.* 15. Little Tower hill.* 16. Gracechurch street, - Lombard street.* 17. Long Acre.* 18. Old street.* 19. Plough yard, - Broadway.* 20. Redcross street, Southwark.* 21. Saffron hill.* 22. - Seacoal lane, Snow hill.* 23. Thames str.* 24. Tower hill.* 25. - Turnmill street.* 26. Whitechapel.* - -GEORGIA OFFICE, lately under the government of the Trustees for settling - the colony of Georgia, is now united to the Office of Trade and - Plantations, and kept in the Treasury. - -GERRARD’S HALL, on the south side of Basing lane, a large and very old - house built upon stone arches, supported by sixteen pillars, called - Gerard’s Hall from a giant of that name, which it is ridiculously - supposed lived there. In the high roofed hall stood for some time a - large fir pole, which it is pretended Gerard the giant used to run - with in the wars, and a ladder of the same length, said to be made in - order to ascend to the top of the staff. Stow justly supposes that - these circumstances are fabulous, and observes that John Gisors, Mayor - of London, was the owner of this edifice in the year 1245, and that it - was a long time possessed by others of the same name and family; - whence he with great probability concludes, that Gisor’s Hall was by - corruption called Gerard’s Hall. _Maitl._ - -GERMAN’S _yard_, Stepney rents, Shoreditch. - -GERRARD’S _court_, Little Bell alley.† - -GERRARD _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.† - -GERRARD’S CROSS, a village in Buckinghamshire, situated about 28 miles - from London, between Uxbridge and Beconsfield. Here is a charity - school built and endowed by the late Duke of Portland, for 20 boys and - 15 girls, who are taught and cloathed, and two of the children put out - apprentices every year. Near this place is also a fine seat of the - Duke of Portland. - -GIBRALTER, Shoreditch. - -GIBSON’S _Almshouse_ and _School_, at Ratcliff, were founded by Nicholas - Gibson, Esq; in the year 1537, for fourteen poor widows, seven of whom - to be of Stepney parish, and the other seven of the Coopers company. - The pensioners to have 1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year each; the - school-master a salary of 10_l._ and an usher 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ a - year. But the estate with which this foundation is endowed being - vastly improved, the Coopers company, who are his trustees, have - lately increased the pensions to 5_l._ and 30 bushels of coals _per - annum_, with a bounty of 10_s._ to each at Christmas; and the - schoolmaster’s salary is also advanced to 23_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ and the - usher’s to 9_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _Maitland._ - -GIBSON’S _court_, 1. Marybon street.† 2. Narrow wall.† - -GIDDY HALL, at the farther end of Rumford in Essex, a very fine mansion - house erected by the late Sir John Eyles, Lord Mayor of London. - -GILBERT’S _court_, Monkwell street.† - -GILBERT’S _passage_, Clare market.† - -GILBERT’S _street_, Bloomsbury.† - -_St._ GILES’S _Cripplegate_, at the east end of Redcross street, without - the walls of London, is so denominated from its dedication to St. - Giles, a Grecian and citizen of Athens, in the year 700, and from the - neighbouring gate. A church was built in this place in the year 1030, - which was destroyed by the fire of London in the year 1545; but the - edifice erected in its room escaping the dreadful conflagration in - 1666, is still standing, and is likely to continue so a long time. - - This Gothic structure is 114 feet in length, 63 in breadth, 32 in - height, and the tower with its turret 122 feet high. This tower is not - gross in proportion to its height; and the turret on the top is light - and open. - - This church is a vicarage, the patronage of which is in the Dean and - Chapter of St. Paul’s, and it is constituted a prebend of that - cathedral by the name of Mora. The Vicar receives about 360_l._ a year - by tithes. - - In this church are many tombs, and here lies the body of the - incomparable John Milton, the author of _Paradise Lost_. - -_St._ GILES’S _in the Fields_, on the south side of St. Giles’s street, - is so named to distinguish it from St. Giles’s Cripplegate. The place - in which it stands was formerly a village of the same name as the - church, which was standing so early as the year 1222, tho’ it was not - made parochial till 1547. The little edifice for divine worship being - taken down in the year 1623, a church of brick was erected in its - room; but the ground in its neighbourhood being gradually raised to - the height of eight feet higher than the floor, it became very damp - and unwholesome. Upon this the inhabitants, by consent of parliament, - had it rebuilt, the sum of 8000_l._ being granted for that purpose. - The present structure is built in a very substantial manner, as indeed - all churches should for the sake of duration. The old fabric was taken - down in 1730, and the new one erected in two years and a half. - - The church and steeple are built with Portland stone. The area of the - church within the walls is sixty feet wide, and seventy-five feet in - length, exclusive of the recess for the altar. The roof is supported - with Ionic pillars of Portland stone, on stone piers, and is vaulted - underneath. The outside of the church has a rustic basement, and the - windows of the galleries have semicircular heads, over which is a - modillion cornice. The steeple is 165 feet high, and consists of a - rustic pedestal, supporting a Doric order of pilasters, and over the - clock is an octangular tower with three quarter Ionic columns - supporting a balustrade with vases, on which stands the spire, which - is also octangular and belted. - - In 1758 the organ was repaired; and in 1759, two magnificent - chandeliers were hung up, each containing thirty-six lights. - - “The new church of St. Giles’s, says the author of _The Review - of the Public Buildings_, is one of the most simple and - elegant of the modern structures: it is raised at a very - little expence, has very few ornaments, and little beside the - propriety of its parts, and the harmony of the whole, to - excite attention, and challenge applause: yet still it - pleases, and justly too; the east end is both plain and - majestic, and there is nothing in the west to object to, but - the smallness of the doors, and the poverty of appearance that - must necessarily follow. The steeple is light, airy, and - genteel, argues a good deal of genius in the architect, and - looks very well both in comparison with the body of the - church, and when ’tis considered as a building by itself, in a - distant prospect. Yet after all I have confessed in favour of - this edifice, I can’t help arraigning the superstition of - situating churches due east and west; for in complaisance to - this custom, the building before us has lost a great advantage - it might have otherwise enjoyed; I mean, the making the east - end the front, and placing it in such a manner as to have - ended the vista of what is called Broad St. Giles’s; whereas - now it is no where to be seen with ease to the eye, or so as - justly to comprehend the symmetry and connection of the - whole.” - - There is a marble monument on the outside of the north isle to the - memory of Hugh Merchant, Gent. who died on the 17th of January, 1714, - with this inscription: - - When, by inclemency of air, - These golden letters disappear, - And Time’s old cankered teeth have shown - Their malice on this marble stone, - Virtue and Art shall write his name - In annals, and consign his fame - To monuments more lasting far, - Than marble stones, or golden letters are. - - The expence of erecting this church amounted to 10,026_l._ 15_s._ - 9_d._ It is a rectory in the gift of the Crown. - -GILHAM’S _court_, Rotherhith Wall.† - -GILHAM’S _rents_, the Folly, Dock head.† - -GILTSPUR _street_, without Newgate.* - -GINGERBREAD _alley_, 1. Holiwell lane. 2. Old Change, Cheapside. - -GINGERBREAD _court_, 1. Lamb alley, Bishopsgate street. 2. Old Change. - -GIRDLERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Henry VI. - in the year 1449, and confirmed by Queen Elizabeth in 1568, when the - Pinners and Wiredrawers were incorporated with them. - - This fraternity consists of a Master, three Wardens, twenty-four - Assistants, and seventy-seven Liverymen, who upon their admission pay - a fine of 10_l._ They have a convenient hall in Basinghall street. - -GLASSENBURY _court_, Rose street, Covent Garden. - -GLASSHOUSE _alley_, White Friars.☐ - -GLASSHOUSE _fields_, Cock hill, Ratcliff.☐ - -GLASSHOUSE _hill_, Well street.☐ - -GLASSHOUSE LIBERTY, a part of the parish of St. Botolph Aldersgate - street, situated in Goswell and Pickax streets, thus named from a - glasshouse which anciently stood there. There was formerly but one - government in the parish; but the poor of this liberty increasing - considerably, the city liberty ungenerously separated from them, and - obliged those in this district to maintain their own poor. - -GLASSHOUSE _street_, Swallow street.☐ - -GLASSHOUSE _yard_, 1. Black Friars.† 2. Goodman’s fields.☐ 3. Old Barge - stairs.☐ 4. Old Bethlem.☐ 5. Pickax street.☐ 6. Red Maid lane.☐ 7. - Upper Ground.☐ 8. Well street.☐ 9. White Friars.☐ 10. White’s yard.☐ - 11. Willow street.☐ - -GLASS SELLERS, a company that were incorporated with the Looking-glass - makers by letters patent granted by King Charles II. in the year 1664, - by the title of _The Master, Wardens, Assistants and Commonalty of - Glass sellers of the city of London_. - - This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens, twenty-four - Assistants, and forty-four Liverymen, who on their admission pay a - fine of 5_l._ But they have no hall. _Maitland._ - -GLASS _yard_, Cut-throat lane. - -GLAZIERS, a company incorporated with that of the glass painters, by a - charter granted by Charles I. in the year 1637. - - They consist of a Master, two Wardens, twenty-one Assistants, and - ninety-one Liverymen, whose fine is 3_l._ Their hall being consumed in - the fire of London, has never yet been rebuilt. _Maitland._ - -GLAZIER’S _rents_, Fore street, Limehouse. - -GLEAN _alley_, Tooley street. - -GLOBE _alley_, 1. Deadman’s Place.* 2. Fish street hill.* 3. Narrow - street, Limehouse.* 4. Quaker street.* 5. In the Strand.* 6. Wapping.* - -GLOBE _court_, 1. Seven Stars alley.* 2. Sheer lane.* 3. Shoe lane.* - -GLOBE _island_, Rotherhith. - -GLOBE _lane_, Mile-end road.* - -GLOBE _stairs_, Rotherhith.* - -GLOBE _stairs alley_, 1. Jamaica street.* 2. Rotherhith.* - -GLOBE _yard_, 1. New Fish street hill.* 2. Old Bethlem.* 3. Schoolhouse - lane, Ratcliff.* 4. Wapping.* - -GLOUCESTER _court_, 1. Beer lane. 2. Black Friars. 3. St. James’s - street. 4. Whitecross street, Cripplegate. - -GLOUCESTER _street_, 1. Liquorpond street. 2. Queen’s square, - Bloomsbury. - -GLOVERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King - Charles I. in the year 1638. - - This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, thirty Assistants, - and a livery of 130 members, who upon their admission pay a fine of - 5_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ They have a hall in Beech lane. - -GLOVERS _court_, Beech lane.☐ - -GLOVERS _yard_, Beech lane.☐ - -GOAT _alley_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.* 2. Ludgate hill.* 3. Upper - Ground, Southwark.* 4. Whitecross str. Cripplegate.* - -GOAT INN _yard_, St. Margaret’s hill.* - -GOAT’S HEAD _alley_, Skinners street.* - -GOAT _stairs_, Bank side.* - -GOAT _yard_, 1. Free school street, Horselydown.* 2. In the Maze, Tooley - street.* 3. Whitecross street, by Old street.* - -GOAT _yard passage_, Horselydown.* - -GOATHAM _alley_, Shoreditch.‖ - -GOBB’S _alley_, Grey Eagle street.† - -GOBIONS. See GUBBINS. - -GODDARD’S _rents_, 1. Holiwell street.† 2. Wheeler street.† - -GODLIMAN’S _street_, 1. Little Carter lane.† St. Paul’s Chain.† - -GODFREY’S _court_, Milk street, Cheapside.† - -GODWEL _stairs_, near Limehouse.† - -GOLD AND SILVER WIREDRAWERS, a company incorporated by letters patent - granted by K. James I. in the year 1623. - - This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and eighteen - Assistants, but has neither livery nor hall. - -GOLDBY’S _rents_, Golden lane.† - -GOLDEN ANCHOR _alley_, Old street.* - -GOLDEN BALL _court_, Great Wild street.* - -GOLDEN CROSS _court_, Cateaton street.* - -GOLDEN FLEECE _yard_, Tothill street.* - -GOLDEN KEY _court_, 1. Basinghall Postern.* 2. Fore street.* - -GOLDEN _lane_, Barbican. - -GOLDEN LEG _court_, Cheapside.* - -GOLDEN LION _alley_, Long ditch, Westminster.* - -GOLDEN LION _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. By St. George’s church, - Southwark.* - -GOLDEN _square_, near Great Windmill street, a very neat but small - square, containing about two acres. A large space on the inside - adorned with grass plats and gravel walks, was till lately surrounded - with wooden rails; but these have been removed, and handsome iron ones - placed in their room. - -GOLD’S _hill_, Dean street. - -GOLDSMITHS, one of the twelve principal companies, is of great - antiquity; for in the reign of Henry II. in the year 1180, it was - among other guilds, fined for being adulterine, that is, setting up - without the King’s special licence. But at length, in 1327, Edward - III. in consideration of the sum of ten marks, incorporated this - company by letters patent, and granted the Goldsmiths the privilege of - purchasing an estate of 20_l._ _per annum_ in mortmain, for the - support of their valetudinary members, which in the year 1394, was - confirmed by Richard II. for the sum of twenty marks. These grants - were afterwards confirmed by Edward IV. in the year 1462, who also - constituted this society a body politic and corporate, to have - perpetual succession, and a common seal. They had now likewise the - privilege of inspecting, trying, and regulating all gold and silver - wares, not only in this city, but in all other parts of the kingdom; - with the power of punishing all offenders concerned in working - adulterated gold and silver, and the power of making by-laws for their - better government. - - This fraternity is governed by a Prime, three other Wardens, and - ninety-eight Assistants; with a livery of 198 members, who upon their - admission pay a fine of 20_l._ - -GOLDSMITHS HALL, a spacious building in Foster lane, Cheapside, was - originally built by Drew Barentin, about the year 1407, but was - destroyed by the fire in 1666, and the present edifice arose in its - place. It is an irregular structure built with brick, and the corners - wrought in rustic of stone. The door is large, arched, and decorated - with Doric columns, which support a pediment of the arched kind, but - open for a shield, in which are the arms of the company. The hall room - is spacious, and both that and the other rooms well enlightened. - - In this hall are, among others, the pictures of Sir Martin Bowers, and - Sir Hugh Middleton, both of this company, and great benefactors to it. - They both enjoyed the office of Lord Mayor of London. The latter is - worthy of immortal honour, for bringing the New River water to the - city: out of the rents of which he gave 30_l._ a year to this company, - which is now worth near the annual revenue of 300_l._ They have also a - very great estate, and apply above 1000_l._ a year to charitable uses. - - By an act passed in the 12th year of the reign of his present Majesty - George II. it is ordered that no goldsmith, silversmith, or other - person dealing in gold or silver wares, shall make any gold vessel, - plate, or manufacture, of less fineness than 22 carats of fine gold in - every pound troy weight; nor any of silver, of less fineness than 11 - ounces, two pennyweights, of fine silver in every pound troy. And that - no goldsmith, silversmith, or other dealer in gold or silver wares, - shall sell, exchange, or expose to sale, any gold or silver plate, or - export the same, without its being marked with the first letters of - the christian and surname of the maker, and, if in London, with the - marks of the Goldsmiths company, namely, the leopard’s head, the lion - passant, and a distinct variable mark, denoting the year in which such - plate was made; or with the mark of the worker, and the marks - appointed to be used by the assayers of York, Exeter, Bristol, - Chester, Norwich, or Newcastle upon Tyne; on the penalty of forfeiting - 10_l._ for every omission. The forging of the company’s marks, exposes - the maker to the penalty of 100_l._ or two years imprisonment. - However, such pieces of gold or silver, as are either too small or too - thin to receive the marks, and do not weigh ten pennyweights of gold - or silver each, are not to be stamped. The price of assaying is fixed - by the Wardens of the company. - -GOLDSMITH’S _alley_, 1. Jewin street.† 2. Lukener’s lane, Drury lane.† - -GOLDSMITH’S _court_, 1. Goldsmith’s alley, Jewin street.† 2. New - street.† - -GOLDSMITH’S _rents_, East Smithfield.† - -GOLDSMITH’S _street_, 1. Crucifix lane, Barnaby street, Southwark.† 2. - Wood street, Cheapside. - -GOLD’S _square_, Golston street, Whitechapel.† See GOULD’S _square_. - -GOLD _street_, 1. Near New Gravel lane. 2. Wood street, Cheapside. - -GOLSTON’S _court_, Drury lane.† - -GONSON’S _rents_, Bluegate fields, Upper Shadwell.† - -GOODCHILD’S _alley_, Market street, Westminster. - -GOODMAN’S _fields_, a considerable piece of ground lying behind the - houses on the south side of Whitechapel, the east side of the - Minories, and the north side of Rosemary lane. Mr. Stow observes, that - in his time, this was a large field and farm kept by one Goodman, - whose son afterwards let it out, and lived like a gentleman upon the - rent it produced: and it still retains the same name, though it has - now no appearance of a field. It principally consists of four handsome - streets, inhabited by merchants, and other persons in affluent - circumstances: these streets are on the four sides, and in the center - is a tenter ground, which being surrounded by the houses, is excluded - from public view. About fifteen years ago there was a very neat but - small play house in one of these streets, and in this theatre Mr. - Garrick first distinguished himself as an actor. - -GOODMAN’S _wharf_, St. Catharine’s.† - -GOODMAN’S _yard_, In the Minories, leading into Goodman’s fields.† - -GOOD’S _rents_, In the Minories.† - -GOODWIN’S _court_, 1. Oxford street.† 2. St. Martin’s lane, Chancery - lane.† 3. Noble street.† - -GOODYEAR’S _rents_, Wapping.† - -GOOSE _alley_, 1. Bow Church yard, Cheapside.* 2. Fleet Ditch.* - -GOOSETREE’S _yard_, Peter street, Westminster.† - -GORHAMBURY, a little to the west of St. Alban’s, was formerly the - paternal estate of the great Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, and Viscount - of St. Alban’s, and is now the seat of the Lord Viscount Grimston. - -GOSLING’S _rents_, Swordbearer’s alley, Chiswell street.† - -GOSSIPS _rents_, Tooley street.‖ - -GOSSIPS _row_, Glean alley, Tooley street.‖ - -GOSWELL _street_, extends in a line from the corner of Barbican, where - Aldersgate street ends, to Mount Mill. - -GOUGH’S _square_, near Fleet street; a very small oblong square, with a - row on each side of handsome buildings.† - -GOUGH’S _yard_, Back street, Lambeth.† - -GOULD’S _court_, Woodrofe lane.† - -GOULD’S _square_, Woodrofe lane.† - -GOULSTON’S _square_, Whitechapel.† - -GRACECHURCH _street_, Cornhill, was originally called Grass church - street, from a grass or herb market, near Allhallows Lombard street, - which from that market was called Grass church. _Stow._ - -GRACE _court_, Fenchurch street. - -GRACE’S _alley_, Well street, Wellclose square. - -GRAFTON _buildings_, Long lane. - -GRAFTON _street_, Soho. - -GRAHAM’S _Almshouse_, in Hog lane, Soho, was founded in the year 1686, - by Mrs. Graham, for four decayed Clergymen’s widows, their maiden - daughters, or other gentlewomen, each of whom has a handsome - apartment, and 10_l._ _per annum_; and for fuel and a servant to - attend them all, the additional sum of 10_l._ a year. - -GRANGE, Near the King’s road. - -GRANGE _court_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn fields. - -GRANGE _lane_, Bermondsey. - -GRANGE _road_, Bermondsey. - -GRANGE _street_, Chapel street, in Red Lion street, Holborn. - -GRANGE _walk_, King John’s court, Bermondsey. - -GRANGE _yard_, Bermondsey fields. - -GRANGER’S _rents_, Near Barbican.† - -GRAPE _street_, By Little Moorfields. - -GRASSCHURCH _street_, Cornhill; now generally called and spelt - Gracechurch street. - -GRASSHOPPER _alley_, 1. Fore street.* 2. Whitecross street.* - -GRASSHOPPER _court_, Charterhouse street.* - -GRAVEL _court_, Old Gravel lane.* - -GRAVEL _lane_, 1. Near the Falcon stairs. 2. Houndsditch. - -GRAVEL _street_, Brook street, Holborn. - -GRAVEL _walk_, 1. Blue Anchor alley. 2. Collingwood street. - -GRAVE’S _dock_, Fore street, Limehouse.† - -GRAVE’S _wharf_, near Fishmongers hall, Thames street.† - -GRAVESEND, a town in Kent, twenty-two miles from London, situated on the - Thames, opposite to Tilbury Fort, about six miles east from Dartford, - and about the same distance from Rochester. In the reign of Richard - II. the French and Spaniards sailed up the Thames to this town, and - having plundered and burnt it, carried away most of the inhabitants. - To enable the town to recover this loss, the Abbot of St. Mary le - Grace on Tower hill, to whom King Richard II. had granted a manor - belonging to Gravesend, obtained that the inhabitants of Gravesend and - Milton should have the sole privilege of carrying passengers by water - from hence to London, at 2_d._ a head, or 4_s._ the whole fare; but - the fare is now raised to 9_d._ a head in the tilt boat, and 1_s._ in - the wherry. The former must not take in above forty passengers, and - the latter no more than ten. The Watermens company are by act of - parliament obliged to provide officers at Billingsgate and at - Gravesend, who at every time of high water by night and day, are at - their respective places to ring publicly a bell set up for that - purpose, for fifteen minutes, to give notice to the tilt boats and - wherries to put off; and coaches ply at Gravesend at the landing of - people from London to carry them to Rochester. King Henry VIII. raised - a platform here and at Milton, and these towns were incorporated by - Queen Elizabeth, by the name of the Portreve (which has been changed - to that of Mayor) the jurats and inhabitants of Gravesend and Milton. - The whole town being burnt down in 1727 the parliament in the year - 1731 granted 5000_l._ for rebuilding its church. Here is a very - handsome charitable foundation, Mr. Henry Pinnock having in 1624, - given twenty-one dwelling houses and a house for a master weaver to - employ the poor: and a good estate is also settled for the repairs. - - Within a few years past, great improvements have been made in the - lands near this town, by turning them into kitchen gardens, with the - produce of which Gravesend not only supplies the neighbouring places - for several miles round, but also sends great quantities to the London - markets, particularly of asparagus, that of Gravesend being preferred - to that of Battersea. As all outward bound ships are obliged to anchor - in this road till they have been visited by the custom house officers, - and as they generally stay here to take in provisions, the town is - full of seamen, and in a constant hurry. - -GRAY FRIARS. See GREY FRIARS. - -GRAY’S _court_, Duke street, Piccadilly.† - - -[Illustration: - - _Gray’s Inn._ - _S. Wale delin. B. Green sculp._ -] - - -GRAY’S INN, on the north side of Holborn, near the Bars, is so called - from its being formerly the residence of the ancient and noble family - of Gray of Wilton, who in the reign of Edward III. demised it to - several students of the law. It is one of the four Inns of Court, and - is inhabited by Barristers and Students of the law, and also by such - gentlemen of independent fortune, as chuse this place, for the sake of - an agreeable retirement, or the pleasure of the walks. - - The members of the house are to be in commons a fortnight every term, - for which they pay 16_s._ - - The officers and servants belonging to the Inn, are, a Treasurer, a - Steward, a chief and three under butlers, an upper and under cook, a - pannier man, a gardener, the steward, the chief butler’s men, and two - porters. - - This Inn has its chief entrance out of Holborn through a large gate, - though it is seated far backwards, and though with its gardens it - takes up almost all the west side of Gray’s Inn lane. It consists of - several well-built courts, particularly Holborn court, Coney court, - and another at the entrance into the garden. The hall where the - gentlemen of the society dine and sup is large and commodious; but the - chapel is too small; it is a Gothic structure, and has marks of much - greater antiquity than any other part of the building. - - The chief ornament belonging to this Inn, is its spacious garden, the - benefit of which is enjoyed by the public, every body decently dressed - being allowed the recreation of walking in it every day. This garden - consists of gravel walks, between vistas of very lofty trees, of grass - plats, agreeable slopes, and a long terras with a portico at each end; - this terras is ascended by a handsome flight of steps. Till lately - there was a summer-house erected by the great Sir Francis Bacon, upon - a small mount: it was open on all sides, and the roof supported by - slender pillars. A few years ago the uninterrupted prospect of the - neighbouring fields, as far as the hills of Highgate and Hampstead, - was obstructed by a handsome row of houses on the north; since which - the above summer-house has been levelled, and many of the trees cut - down to lay the garden more open. The part represented in the print is - the lower side of Coney court, containing the chapel, hall, &c. and is - the principal square of this Inn (which is a very considerable one) - belonging to the gentlemen of the long robe. - -GRAY’S INN _lane_, Holborn Bars. - -GRAY’S INN LIBRARY, which is kept in Coney court, Gray’s Inn, consists - of a considerable number of books in several languages, and on - different branches of learning; but more particularly on law, for the - use of the gentlemen of the Inn. - -GRAY’S INN _passage_, 1. Field court, Gray’s Inn. 2. Red Lion street, - Holborn. - -GRAYS THURROCK, a town in Essex, nineteen miles from London, so called - from its ancient Lords the Grays of Codnor. It has a very good market - for corn and cattle. - -GREAT ALMONRY, Tothill street, Westminster. See ALMONRY. - -GREAT ARTHUR _street_, Goswell street.† - -GREAT ASHENTREE _court_, White Friars.‡ - -GREAT BACON _yard_, Goswell street. - -GREAT BEAR _key_, Thames street. See BEAR KEY. - -GREAT BLACK HORSE _court_, Aldersgate street.* - -GREAT CARTER _lane_, St. Paul’s church yard.† - -GREAT CHAPEL _street_, Oxford street. - -GREAT COCK _alley_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Redcross street.* - -GREAT COW _alley_, Whitecross street, Old street.* - -GREAT DEAN’S _yard_, Westminster. - -GREAT DICE _key_, Thames street. - -GREAT DISTAFF _lane_, Old Change.* - -GREAT EARL _street_, Seven Dials.† - -GREAT EASTCHEAP, Canon street, Fish street hill. See EASTCHEAP. - -GREAT ELBOW _lane_, College hill. - -GREAT FRIARS GATE, Fleet street: so called from its leading into White - Friars. - -GREAT GARDEN, St. Catharine’s lane. - -GREAT GEORGE _street_, 1. A fine new built street, that extends from the - end of Bridge street into St. James’s Park. The great uniformity - observed in the buildings, their grandeur, and the length and - straightness of this street, form a noble vista, terminated at the end - next the park by very handsome iron gates supported on stone piers, - and by the tall trees of the park, which at a distance resemble a - thick grove. 2. A very noble street which extends from Hanover square - into Conduit street; this is also broad and well paved, and has - several very fine houses built and inhabited by noblemen and people of - the first rank. See HANOVER SQUARE. - - The other streets of this name, are, 3. By Great New George street, - Spitalfields: and 4. by King street, Westminster. These streets were - thus named in honour of his present Majesty and his royal father. - -GREAT HART _street_, James’s street, Long Acre. - -GREAT HERMITAGE _street_, in the Hermitage. - -GREAT JERMAIN _street_, Near Piccadilly.† - -GREAT KIRBY _street_, Hatton Garden.† - -GREAT KNIGHTRIDER’S _street_, by Addle hill. - -GREAT LAMB _alley_, Blackman street. - -GREAT MADDOX _street_, Hanover square. - -GREAT MARLBOROUGH _street_, Poland street. - -GREAT MONTAGUE _court_, Little Britain. - -GREAT MONTAGUE _street_, near Brick lane, Spitalfields. - -GREAT MOOR _yard_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross. - -GREAT NEW _street_, Fetter lane. - -GREAT NEWPORT _street_, near Long Acre. - -GREAT NOTTINGHAM _street_, Plumtree street. - -GREAT OLD BAILEY, Ludgate hill. - -GREAT ORMOND _street_, Red Lion street, Holborn. - -GREAT ORMOND _yard_, Ormond street. - -GREAT PEARL _street_, Grey Eagle street, Spitalfields. - -GREAT PETER _street_, by Great Poulteney street. - -GREAT POULTENEY _street_, near Brewer’s street, Soho. - -GREAT QUEEN _street_, 1. Lincoln’s Inn fields. 2. Westminster. - -GREAT RIDER _street_, St. James’s street. - -GREAT RUSSEL _street_, 1. Bloomsbury, from the Duke of Bedford’s house - near it. 2. Covent garden, from its being built upon the same Duke’s - estate. - -GREAT ST. ANDREW’S _street_, Seven Dials. - -GREAT ST. ANN’S _lane_, by Orchard street, Westminster. - -GREAT ST. HELEN’S _court_, Bishopsgate street within. See _St._ HELEN’S. - -GREAT ST. THOMAS APOSTLE’S _lane_, by Queen street, Cheapside. See _St._ - THOMAS APOSTLES. - -GREAT STONE _stairs_, Ratcliff. - -GREAT SUFFOLK _street_, Cockspur street. - -GREAT SWALLOW _street_, Piccadilly. - -GREAT SWORDBEARERS _alley_, Chiswell street. - -GREAT TOWER _hill_, by Great Tower street. - -GREAT TOWER _street_, the broad part on the east end. - -GREAT TRINITY _lane_, Bow lane. - -GREAT TURNSTILE, Holborn. - -GREAT TURNSTILE _alley_, High Holborn. - -GREAT WARDOUR _street_, Oxford street. - -GREAT WARNER _street_, Cold Bath street. - -GREAT WHITE LION _street_, Seven Dials. - -GREAT WILD _street_, Great Queen street, Lincoln’s Inn fields. - -GREAT WINCHESTER _street_, Broad street, London Wall. - -GREAT WINDMILL _street_, Piccadilly. - -GREAT _yard_, Parish street, Horselydown. - -GREAT YORK _street_, Cock lane, Shoreditch. - -GREAVE’S _court_, George yard, Whitechapel.† - -GREEN _alley_, 1. Broad Sanctuary. 2. Coleman street, Wapping. 3. St. - Saviour’s Dock. 4. Tooley street. - -GREEN ARBOUR _court_, 1. French alley. 2. Lambeth hill, Thames street. - 3. Little Moorfields. 4. Little Old Bailey. - -GREEN BANK, 1. Horselydown. 2. Coleman street, Wapping. 3. St. Olave - street. 4. Wapping. - -_Board of_ GREEN CLOTH, a court of justice continually sitting in the - King’s house. This court is under the Lord Steward of the King’s - houshold, and is composed of the Treasurer of the houshold, the - Comptroller, Cofferer, Master of the houshold, two clerks of the Green - Cloth, and two clerks comptrollers; and receives its name from a green - cloth spread over the table, at which they sit. - - In the absence of the Lord Steward, the Treasurer of the King’s house, - in conjunction with the Comptroller, and other officers of the board, - together with the Steward of the Marshalsea, have power to determine - treasons, felonies and other crimes committed within the verge. By the - direction and allowance of this board, the Cofferer pays the wages of - the King’s servants above and below stairs, and the bills for - provisions. Also before this board the Averner to the Master of the - horse lays the accompts of the stables for horse meat, livery wages, - and board wages, in order to be passed and allowed. See the article - LORD STEWARD OF THE KING’S HOUSHOLD. - -GREEN COAT HOSPITAL, Tothill fields. Several of the inhabitants of - Westminster having resolved to settle an hospital like that of Christ - Church in the city of London, where poor orphans might not only be - furnished with all the necessaries of life, but instructed in manual - arts, in the year 1633 obtained a charter from King Charles I. by - which they were constituted a body politic and corporate, by the - appellation of _The Governors of the hospital of St. Margaret’s - Westminster, of the foundation of King Charles_; to consist of twenty - Governors, inhabitants of Westminster, with the right of purchasing - lands, tenements, &c. in mortmain, to the value of 500_l._ _per - annum_. But the civil war soon after breaking out, in a manner quashed - this noble design. However, by the charitable benefactions of King - Charles II. and others, the estate amounts to above 300_l._ a year, - and there are at present twenty boys maintained upon this foundation. - _Maitland._ - -GREEN _court_, 1. Green Bank, Wapping. 2. Knaves Acre. 3. Little - Minories. 4. Marshal street, Shoreditch. - -[Illustration: - - _M^r. Spencer’s._ - _S. Wale del._ _B. Green sculp._ -] - -GREEN DRAGON _alley_, 1. Narrow street, Limehouse.* 2. Surry street, in - the Strand.* 3. By Wapping Wall.* - -GREEN DRAGON _court_, 1. Broadway, Westminster.* 2. Cow lane.* 3. Foul - lane.* 4. New Crane, Wapping.* 5. Old Change.* - -GREEN DRAGON _yard_, 1. Long lane, West Smithfield.* 2. Whitechapel.* - -GREEN ELM _court_, in the Savoy. - -GREENFORD, in the vale, a village two miles south of Harrow on the Hill. - -GREENHILL’S _rents_, Smithfield bars.† - -GREENLAND _stairs_. Deptford. - -GREEN _lane_, 1. Lambeth. 2. Tottenham Court fields. - -GREEN LETTICE _court_, Fore street, Cripplegate.* - -GREEN LETTICE _lane_, Canon street.* - -GREEN _market_, Leadenhall street. - -GREEN _Park_, between St. James’s Park and Hyde Park. This Park adds - greatly to the pleasantness of the houses which are situated so as to - overlook it, among which the most conspicuous by far is that lately - built by Mr. Spencer. Altogether it appears very noble, but - considering it as a front, we are disappointed in not seeing any - entrance, which surely should have been made conspicuous. The pediment - being extended over so many columns is too large and heavy, and the - bow window has no relation at all to the building, and offends every - eye; but the figures and vases on the top have indeed a fine effect. - The irregularity of the other side or principal front (which is in St. - James’s Place) is excusable, as the adjoining houses can’t yet be - purchased, but the flatness of it, having no columns or great - projections, will always make it subordinate to the side that fronts - the Park, which is that we have given a view of in the print. - -GREEN’S _court_, Lothbury.† - -GREEN’S _rents_, Bride lane, Fleet street.† - -GREEN SCHOOL _court_, London Wall. - -GREEN _street_, 1. Near Grosvenor square. 2. Leicester fields. 3. - Theobald’s row. - -GREEN _walk_, 1. Broad Wall. 2. Gravel lane. - -GREENWICH, a very pleasant town in Kent, situated six miles from London, - has been the birth place of several of our Monarchs, particularly - Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth: and here King Edward VI. died. Their - palace was first erected by Humphry Duke of Gloucester, who named it - Placentia. This palace was enlarged by Henry VII. and completed by - Henry VIII. but being afterwards suffered to run to ruin, was pulled - down by King Charles II. who began another, a most magnificent - edifice, and lived to see the first wing finished. See GREENWICH - HOSPITAL. - - King Charles II. also enlarged the park, walled it round, planted it, - and caused a royal observatory to be erected on the top of the steep - of the hill. This edifice his Majesty erected for the use of the - celebrated Mr. Flamstead, and it still retains the name of that great - astronomer: his Majesty likewise furnished it with mathematical - instruments for astronomical observations, and a deep dry well for - observing the stars in the day time. - - That which is properly the palace here, is an edifice of no great - extent, and it is now converted into apartments for the Governor of - the Royal Hospital, and the Ranger of the park. This park is well - stocked with deer, and affords a noble and delightful view of the fine - hospital, the river Thames, and the city of London. - - Greenwich is said to contain 1350 houses. Its parish church, which has - been lately rebuilt by the Commissioners for erecting the fifty new - churches, is a very handsome structure, dedicated to St. Alphage, - Archbishop of Canterbury, who is said to have been slain by the Danes - in the year 1012, on the spot where the church now stands. There is a - college at the end of the town, fronting the Thames, for the - maintenance of 20 decayed old housekeepers, twelve out of Greenwich, - and eight who are to be alternately chosen from Snottisham and - Castle-Rising in Norfolk. This is called the Duke of Norfolk’s - College, though it was founded and endowed, in 1613, by Henry Earl of - Northampton, the Duke of Norfolk’s brother, and by him committed to - the care of the Mercers company. To this college belongs a chapel, in - which the Earl’s body is laid, which, as well as his monument, was - removed hither a few years ago, from the chapel of Dover Castle. The - pensioners, besides meat, drink, and lodging, are allowed 1_s._ 6_d._ - a week, with a gown every year, linen once in two years, and hats once - in four years. - - In the year 1560 Mr. Lambard, author of the Perambulation of Kent, - also built and founded an hospital called Queen Elizabeth’s College, - said to be the first erected by an English protestant. There are - likewise two charity schools in this parish, one founded by Sir - William Boreman, Knt. for twenty boys, who are cloathed, boarded, and - taught; they wear green coats and caps: and the other by Mr. John - Roan, who left his estate for teaching also twenty boys reading, - writing, and arithmetic, and allowing 2_l._ _per annum_ for each boy’s - cloaths. These wear grey coats. - - The river Thames is here very broad, and the channel deep; and at some - very high tides the water is salt, though it is usually sweet and - fresh. - - -[Illustration: - - _S. Wale del._ _B. Green sculp._ - _Greenwich Hospital._ -] - - -GREENWICH HOSPITAL, stands on the spot, where stood the palace of - several of our Kings. The first wing of this noble and superb edifice, - erected by K. Charles II. was designed to be applied to the same use. - Indeed from the magnificence of the structure, it can scarcely be - taken for any thing less than the palace of a great monarch. However - King William III. being very desirous of promoting the trade, - navigation, and naval strength of this kingdom, by inviting great - numbers of his subjects to betake themselves to the sea, gave this - noble palace, and several other edifices, with a considerable spot of - ground, for the use of those English seamen and their children, who by - age, wounds, or other accidents, should be disabled from farther - service at sea, and for the widows and children of such as were slain - in fighting at sea, against the enemies of their country. King William - also by his letters patent, in 1694, appointed commissioners for the - better carrying on his pious intentions, and therein desired the - assistance of his good subjects, as the necessity of his affairs did - not permit him to advance so considerable a sum towards this work, as - he desired. In conformity to this request, many benefactions were made - both in that and the succeeding reigns, to this noble charity, which, - according to the tables hung up at the entrance of the hall, amount to - 58,209_l._ and afterwards the estate of the Earl of Derwentwater, who - bore a principal part in the rebellion in 1715, amounting to 6000_l._ - _per annum_, was given by parliament to this hospital. The first range - had cost King Charles II. 36,000_l._ and another was ordered to be - built on the same model: this has been completed with equal - magnificence, and the whole structure entirely finished. - - The front to the Thames consists of these two ranges of stone - buildings, with the Governor’s house at the back part in the center, - behind which the park, well planted with trees, rises with a noble - ascent. These buildings, between which is a large area, perfectly - correspond with each other, and each range is terminated by a very - noble dome. - - In each front to the Thames, two ranges of coupled Corinthian columns - finely wrought, support their pediments, and the same order is - continued in pilasters along the building. The projection of the - entablatures gives an agreeable diversity of light and shade. In the - center of each part, between these ranges of Corinthian columns, is - the door, which is of the Doric order, and adorned above with a tablet - and pediment. Within the height of these lofty columns are two series - of windows, enlightening two floors. The undermost, which are the - smallest, have rustic cases crowned with pediments; while the upper - series, which are larger, and more lofty, are adorned with the orders, - and with upright pointed pediments. Over these is an Attic story; the - entablature of the Corinthian columns and pilasters supports a regular - Attic course: the pilasters of this order rising over every column, - and pilaster of the Corinthian below, between which the windows are - regularly disposed, and the top is crowned with a handsome balustrade. - - The buildings, which are continued from these, and face the area, - correspond with them, though in a finer, and more elegant manner. In - the center of both is a range of columns supporting a pediment, and at - each corner a range of Corinthian pilasters. The front is rusticated, - and there are two series of windows. The domes at the end, which are - 120 feet high, are supported on coupled columns, as are the porticos - below; and under one of these is the chapel, which is adorned on the - inside with the greatest elegance and beauty. - - On the sides of the gate which opens to these buildings from the park, - are placed a large celestial and terrestrial globe, in which the stars - are gilt; and in the center of the area, is fixed on a pedestal, a - statue of his Majesty King George II. - - The hall of this hospital is finely painted by Sir James Thornhill, - particularly the ceiling and upper end; on the latter are represented - in an alcove, the late Princess Sophia, King George I. King George II. - Queen Caroline, the Queen Dowager of Prussia, Frederic Prince of - Wales, the Duke of Cumberland, and the five Princesses, the daughters - of his present Majesty. On the ceiling over the alcove are her late - Majesty Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark: and on the ceiling of - the hall are King William and Queen Mary, with several fine - emblematical figures. All strangers who see this hall pay two pence - each, and this income is applied to the support of the mathematical - school, for the sons of sailors. - - For the better support of this hospital every seaman in the royal navy - and in the service of the merchants pays 6_d._ a month. This is - stopped out of the pay of all sailors, and delivered in at the Six - penny Receiver’s office on Tower hill. And therefore a seaman who can - produce an authentic certificate of his being disabled, and rendered - unfit for the sea service, by defending any ship belonging to his - Majesty’s British subjects, or in taking any ship from the enemy, may - be admitted into this hospital, and receive the same benefit from it, - as if he had been in his Majesty’s immediate service. - - There are at present near 2000 old or disabled seamen, and an hundred - boys, the sons of seamen, instructed in navigation, and bred up for - the service of the royal navy: but there are no out-pensioners, as at - Chelsea. Each of the mariners has a weekly allowance of seven loaves, - weighing sixteen ounces each; three pounds of beef; two of mutton; a - pint of pease; a pound and a quarter of cheese; two ounces of butter; - fourteen quarts of beer, and 1_s._ a week tobacco money: the tobacco - money of the boatswains is 2_s._ 6_d._ a week each; that of their - mates 1_s._ 6_d._ and that of the other officers in proportion to - their rank. Besides which, each common pensioner receives once in two - years, a suit of blue cloaths, a hat, three pair of stockings, two - pair of shoes, five neck cloths, three shirts, and two night caps. - - This hospital has about 100 Governors, composed of the nobility, great - officers of state, and persons in high posts under the King. The - principal officers of the house, with their annual salaries, are: - - - The Governor £1000 - - Lieutenant Governor 300 - - Treasurer 200 - - Three Captains, each 200 - - Six Lieutenants, each 100 - - Two Chaplains, each 100 - - A Physician and Surgeon, 200 - each - - A Clerk of the cheque 100 - - Auditor 100 - - -GREENWICH _alley_, Brickhill lane. - -GREENWICH _street_, Dowgate wharf. - -GREENWOOD’S _court_, Nightingale lane.† - -GREEN _yard_, 1. Basinghall Postern. 2. East Smithfield. 3. Fore street, - Cripplegate. 4. Goswell street. 5. Green Bank, Wapping. 6. - Horselydown. 7. Milk yard, New Gravel lane. 8. Pepper alley. 9. Tooley - street. 10. Upper Ground street. 11. White’s yard, Rosemary lane. - -GREGORY’S _court_, High Holborn. - -_St._ GREGORY’S, so called from its being dedicated to Pope Gregory the - Great, who sent Austin the Monk to convert the English, stood at the - south west corner of St. Paul’s cathedral; but being burnt by the fire - of London in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was by act of - parliament annexed to the church of St. Mary Magdalen in Old Fish - street. - -GREG’S _court_, Goodman’s yard.† - -GRENADIER’S _mews_, Portland street.† - -GRESHAM’S _Almshouse_ in Broad street, on the west side of Gresham - College, was founded by Sir Thomas Gresham in the year 1575, for eight - poor men; the trust of which he committed to the Lord Mayor and - Commonalty of London, who annually pay these Almsmen 6_l._ 13_s._ - 4_d._ each, and a gown every other year. - - -[Illustration: - - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Taylor sc._ - _Gresham College._ -] - - -GRESHAM COLLEGE, situated within the walls between Bishopsgate street - and Broad street, and was formerly the dwelling of the founder Sir - Thomas Gresham, Knt. a merchant of London, and one of the company of - Mercers, who after he had built the Royal Exchange, bequeathed half - the revenue thereof to the Mayor and Commonalty of London, and their - successors, and the other moiety to the company of Mercers, in trust - that the Mayor and Commonalty should find in all times to come four - able persons to read in his dwelling house in Bishopsgate street, - lectures on divinity, astronomy, geometry, and Music, and allow each - of them besides handsome lodgings in that house, the sum of 50_l._ a - year: and that the company of Mercers should find three other able men - to read lectures in the civil law, rhetoric, and physic, pay them the - same salary, and allow them the same accommodations. These salaries - and other bequests of Sir Thomas Gresham, amounting in the whole to - 603_l._ are payable out of the rents of the Royal Exchange, and there - is a grand committee for the management of the affairs of this college - and the Exchange, which consists of four Aldermen, whereof the Lord - Mayor is always one; twelve of the company of Mercers, and eight of - the Common Council, for the city. These lectures were first read in - Trinity term, 1597, and with some interruptions have been continued to - the present time. - - The order of reading every term time is, Monday, divinity; Tuesday, - civil law; Wednesday, astronomy; Thursday, geometry; Friday, rhetoric; - Saturday, anatomy in the morning, and music in the afternoon. _Stow_, - _last edit._ But since the institution of the Royal Society, these - lectures are in a manner deserted, the professors having seldom above - three or four auditors, and those of the most ordinary people. The - print represents the inside of the quadrangle in its present state. - -GRESHAM COLLEGE _court_, Bishopsgate street.† - -GREVIL _street_, Leather lane.† - -GREY-COAT HOSPITAL, Tothill fields, Westminster. In the year 1698 this - charity school was erected in St. Margaret’s parish, for the education - of poor children, and named _The Grey-coat School_, from the colour of - the children’s cloaths; but the trustees being at length greatly - encouraged by charitable contributions, in the year 1701, not only - increased the number of children, but supplied them with all the - necessaries of life, in a large and commodious building near Tothill - fields: and for the encouragement of so laudable an undertaking Queen - Anne, in 1706, by her letters patent, constituted the trustees of this - school a body politic and corporate, by the name of _The Governors of - the Grey-coat hospital in Tothill fields, of the royal foundation of - Queen Anne_, with the power of purchasing lands, tenements, &c. in - mortmain, to the yearly amount of 2000_l._ These children, besides - being taught the usual learning, are employed in spinning, knitting, - sewing, &c. to inure them early to industry; and having attained the - necessary qualifications at school, they are put out apprentices. - - This hospital, in the year 1727, was in so flourishing a condition - that it contained eighty boys, and fifty girls, in which year the - charge of all its disbursements amounted to 1457_l._ 7_s._ 6_d._ At - Michaelmas 1739, a mathematical school was erected, and a proper - master employed to instruct the boys in the art of navigation, to fit - them for the service of their country, several of whom since the - erection of this school have been put apprentice to captains in the - King’s service. - - The expence of each child is about 8_l._ a year, besides the salaries - of the masters and mistresses, the wages of servants, and other - charges attending the hospital. - -GREY EAGLE _street_, Brick lane, Spitalfields.* - -GREY FRIARS, a court in Newgate street, near the gate, adjoining on one - side to Christ’s hospital. Here, in the reign of King Henry III. was - erected a convent of Franciscans or Grey Friars, and some time after a - spacious church, which was not compleatly finished till the year 1380, - tho’ it was consecrated in 1325. This church, which was 300 feet in - length, eighty-nine in breadth, and sixty-four feet two inches in - height from the ground to the roof, was built at different times, at - the expence of different persons, and among its benefactors were - several Queens of England. In the year 1429, Richard Whittington here - founded a library, 129 feet in length and thirty-one in breadth, which - was finished the following year, and within three years after - furnished with books. However, at the general suppression of - monasteries, the friery, with all the edifices belonging to it, was - surrendered to Henry VIII. and the ornaments and utensils taken away, - and applied to the King’s use: after which the church was shut up for - some time, and used as a storehouse for goods taken as prizes from the - French; but in January 1546, this church, with the friery, library, - chapter house, cloisters and gardens, were given by King Henry to the - Mayor and Commonalty of London, with the hospital of St. Bartholomew - in West Smithfield, the parishes of St. Nicholas and St. Ewin, and so - much of St. Sepulchre’s parish as is within Newgate, to be made one - parish belonging to the church in the Grey Friars, which was from - thenceforward to be called Christ Church. In short, in the year 1552, - the house of the Grey Friars began to be repaired for the reception of - poor fatherless children, and in November following near four hundred - were taken in. _Stow._ See CHRIST’S HOSPITAL. - -GREYHOUND _alley_, 1. St. Mary Ax.* 2. Newgate street.* - -GREYHOUND _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. St. Catharine’s lane.* 3. - Chick lane.* 4. Lamb street.* 5. Milford lane.* 6. Moor’s street, - Soho.* - -GREYHOUND _Inn yard_, St. Margaret’s hill.* - -GREYHOUND _lane_, Three Colts street.* - -GREYHOUND _street_, Whitechapel.* - -GREYHOUND _yard_, 1. Portpool lane.* 2. Upper Ground street.* - -GREY PEA _alley_, Red Maid lane. - -GREY’S _yard_, Duke street, Piccadilly.† - -GRIDIRON _alley_, Whitechapel.* - -GRIDIRON _court_, High Holborn.* - -GRIFFIN _alley_, Blackman street.* - -GRIFFIN _street_, Shadwell Dock.* - -GRIFFIN _yard_, Long lane, West Smithfield.* - -GRIFFIS’S _rents_, Barnaby street.† - -GRIGG’S _court_, Goodman’s yard.† - -GRIPEY _alley_, Artichoke lane. - -GROCERS, the second of the twelve principal companies, was anciently - denominated Pepperers; but having changed their name to that of - Grocers, were under that denomination incorporated by letters patent - granted by King Edward III. in the year 1345, which were confirmed by - Henry VI. in 1429. These grants were afterwards confirmed by a new - charter of Charles I. in the year 1640, with an additional power of - searching and inspecting the goods and weights of all Grocers within - the city and suburbs of London, and three miles round. They had - anciently the management of the King’s beam in this city, with the - right of appointing a master-weigher, and four porters to attend it. - - This corporation consists of a Prime and three other Wardens, - fifty-two Assistants, and one hundred and twenty-seven Liverymen, - whose fine upon admission is 20_l._ They have a great estate, out of - which they annually pay to the poor about 700_l._ _Maitland._ - -GROCERS _alley_, 1. In the Poultry.☐ 2. Shoreditch. - -GROCERS HALL, on the north side of the Poultry, and at the farther end - of Grocers alley, is situated on a spot of ground purchased by the - Grocers company in the year 1411, of Robert Lord Fitzwalter, for three - hundred and twenty marks. The building is well designed for the - purpose of a common hall; and is not only a stately edifice, but is so - capacious, that for many years it served for the uses of the Bank of - England, which was kept in this hall, till the edifice in - Thread-needle street was erected for that purpose. The ancient stone - and brick building at the north west corner of the garden, inhabited - by the beadle of the company, is probably part of the ancient city - mansion of the noble family of Fitzwalter, and consequently the oldest - building within the city walls. _Maitland._ - -GROCERS HALL _yard_, Grocers alley. - -GROCERS _rents_, East Smithfield. - -GROOM PORTER, an officer of the King’s palace under the Lord - Chamberlain. It is his duty to see that his Majesty’s lodgings are - furnished with tables, chairs, stools and firing; to provide cards, - dice, &c. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ - -GROOM OF THE STOLE, the first Lord of the Bedchamber, who is groom of - the long robe or vestment worn by the King on solemn occasions, and - called the stole. It is his office to present or put on his Majesty’s - shirt every morning, and to order the things of the bedchamber. His - salary is 2000_l._ a year. - -GROSVENOR’S _gate_, Grosvenor street.† - -GROSVENOR’S _mews_, a street of stables near Grosvenor square.† - -GROSVENOR’S _passage_, Grosvenor street.† - -GROSVENOR _square_, is bounded on the north by Oxford road; on the east - by Hanover buildings; on the south by Mayfair; and on the west by Hyde - Park, It is however entirely surrounded with buildings, which are very - magnificent, though the fronts are far from being uniform, some of - them being entirely of stone, others of brick and stone, and others of - rubbed brick, with only their quoins, facios, windows and door cases - of stone. Some of them are adorned with stone columns of the several - orders, while others have only plain fronts. Indeed here is the - greatest variety of fine buildings that are any where to be met with - in so small a compass, and they are so far uniform, as to be all - sashed and to be pretty near of an equal height. The area of this - square contains about five acres, and in the middle is a large garden - surrounded with palisado pales placed upon a circular dwarf wall. This - garden is laid out into walks, and adorned with an equestrian statue - of King George I. gilt, which stands upon a pedestal in the center. - - This square and the adjacent places are thus named from Sir Thomas - Grosvenor. - -GROSVENOR _street_, 1. Horse ferry, Westminster.† 2. New Bond street.† - -A list of Pictures that are at present hung up in the two first floors - of the house of Paul Methuen, Esq; in Grosvenor street. - - N. B. In this list, after the description of the pictures, the names - of those by whom they are thought to be painted are added, for the - information of such as may be great admirers of the art of painting, - and lovers of pictures, and yet may not have knowledge or experience - enough in that art to distinguish the several hands by which they are - done. - - But as it is very possible, and even probable, that the owner of them - may, for want of sufficient skill, have been mistaken in the naming of - the authors of some of them; tho’ at the same time he begs it may be - believed, that he has done nothing of that kind, without such reasons - for it, as appeared very good to him; nor has been guided in it by - partiality to the pictures, or any other consideration, but regard to - truth, which he always thought should take place of every thing: so - those who are better judges, are at liberty to name the pictures as - they please, and restore them to the authors to which they may think - they really belong. - - On the FIRST FLOOR. - In the hall and stair case. - Over the chimney. - -A naked boy blowing bubbles and treading on a death’s head, representing - Vanity, by Elizabetha Sirani. - - Near the street door. - -A large picture of dogs and foxes, by Peter Sneyders. - - Over the door that goes into the first parlour. - -A man’s head, by Giuseppe de Ribera, commonly call’d Il Spagnoletto. - - On the landing place. - -A large picture of David and Abigail, by Sir Peter Paul Rubens. - - Over the door. - -The adventure of Don Quixote and the barber, by a Spanish painter. - - Fronting the landing place at the top. - -The portrait of the Duchess of Mantua, grand daughter to the Emperor - Charles the Fifth, with her son in her lap, who was the last Duke of - Mantua, with some allegorical figures, armour, &c. by Giovanni - Benedetto Castiglione. - - Under it. - -A landscape, and a musical conversation, painted by Sir Peter Lely; - being the portraits of himself and his whole family, drawn by the - life. - - Fronting the windows. - -The judgment of Paris, by Gerard Lairest. - - Under it. - -The judgment of Midas, by the same hand. - - Over the looking glass. - -A young lad blowing bubbles, said to be painted by Hannibal Caracci. - - In the first parlour. - Over the chimney. - -A Dutch kermis or country fair, painted by Old Pieter Bruegel. - - On each side of the chimney. - -Next the window, the portrait of a Turk, by Rembrandt van Rijn. - -David with the head of Goliath and his sling, by Leonello Spada. - - Between the windows. - -A man’s head, said to be that of Massaniello the fisherman who caused - the great revolution of Naples, by Salvator Rosa. - -The portrait of Francisco de Taxis, the first inventor of the posts in - Europe, for which reason the direction of them has always remained in - one of his family in all the dominions that belongs to the house of - Austria, by a hand not certainly known. - - Over the doors out of the hall, - -The folly of spending our lives in the pursuit of love, wine, music and - play, an emblematical picture, by Johannes Schorel. - -The Virgin, our Saviour, St. Mary Magdalen, St. Peter, St. John the - Baptist, and St. Jerome; by Jacobo Palma, senior, commonly called Old - Palma. - - Over the marble table. - -The birth of our Saviour, and the adoration of the shepherds, by Giac. - Bassan. - - Under it, in the middle. - -St. John the Baptist asleep in the desert, by Andrea del Sarto. - - On both sides of it. - -Two small sea pieces, a port in the Mediterranean, and a fight with the - Turks, by William Vanderveld, junior. - - Under them, in the middle. - -An emblematical picture, representing a guardian angel pointing out the - way to heaven to a soul, under the figure of a young girl, by Carlino - Dolce. - - On both sides of it. - -Two very highly finished landscapes on copper, by Salvator Rosa. - - Between the two doors. - -The portrait of the Duke of Richmond and Lenox, of the Stuart family, at - whole length, with a dog, by Sir Anthony Vandyck. - - Over the door to the back parlour. - -Vulcan at his forge, with the Cyclops, by Jacob Jordaans of Antwerp. - - Over against the windows. - In the middle. - -The head of our Saviour crown’d with thorns, by Ludovico Caracci. - - On both sides of that. - -Two fruit pieces, by Michael Angelo Pase, called Michael Angelo del - Campidoglio. - - Under them, in the middle. - -A Bacchanal in two colours, by Rubens. - - On both sides of it. - -A landscape with a robbery, and a battle, both painted by Giacomo - Cortese, commonly called Il Bourgognone. - - Under them, in the middle. - -A pretty large landscape and figures of Dutch boors, by Adrian Van - Ostade. - - On both sides of it. - -A stag hunting, and another of hern hawking, by Philip Woverman. - - Under them. - -Two conversations of boors within doors, by Adrian Van Ostade. - - In the second parlour. - Over the chimney. - -Lot and his two daughters, with the city of Sodom on fire, by Lorenzo - Lotti, a great imitator of Giorgione and Titian. - - Over the closet doors. - Next the window. - -The great amphitheatre at Rome, and other buildings, by Viviano - Cadahorra. - -A sea port with buildings and ruins, by Salviouch, and the figures by - John Miele. - - Over the door to the first parlour. - -Omphale the mistress of Hercules, with the lion’s skin and his club by - her, by Augustin Caracci. - - Over the two other doors. - -Two battles in the stile of Bourgognone, but the hands not certainly - known. - - In the passage room. - Over the doors. - -A philosopher with a book in his hand, by Pier Francesco Mola. - -Mary Magdalen, by Giacinto Brandi. - -Our Saviour meditating on the sins of the world, by Giovanni Antonio - Regillio, a competitor of Titian’s, and commonly called Il Pordenone. - - In the great room. - Over the door at which you go in. - -The portrait of a young man on wood, by Andrea del Sarto. - - Between that door and the window. - -The head of St. James the apostle. - -The head of St. John the evangelist. - - N. B. These two last pictures are by - a hand that is not certainly known. - - Under them. - -A Bacchanal painted on copper, by Cornelius Polembergh. - - Between the door and the wall. - In the middle. - -A pretty large picture of our Saviour and the Samaritan woman, by - Giovanni Francesco Barbiori da Cento, commonly called Il Guercino. - - On the side towards the door. - -The Virgin and Child, by Il Cavalier Giovanni Lanfranchio. - - On the side towards the wall. - -Venus dressing, and Cupid holding her looking-glass, by Paolo Veronese. - - Under them, in the middle. - -The Virgin and Child, by Raphael de Urbino. - - On the side towards the door. - -The Virgin and Child in the clouds, and several angels, by Bartolomeo - Murillo. - - On the side towards the wall. - -The Virgin and our Saviour, by Carlo Cignani. - - Next to the door. - -The annunciation of the Virgin Mary, by Paolo Veronese. - - Next to the wall. - -The birth of our Saviour, &c. by Jacapo Robusti, commonly called - Tintoretto. - - Over the chimney. - -Tobit and the angel, by Michael Angelo Amerighi, commonly called Michael - Angelo Caravaggio. - - Between the wall and the chimney. - In the middle. - -The portrait of a man, by Antonio Allegri, commonly called Il Correggio. - - Towards the wall. - -The head of some Spanish general, by Giovanni Giachinette, commonly - called Il Bourgognone delle Teste. - - Towards the chimney. - -The portrait of the famous Hernando Cortes, conqueror of Mexico, by - Titiano Vecelli, called Il Titiano. - - Under them. - -A large battle in an oval, painted by Luca Jordano. - - Between the chimney and farthest wall. - In the middle. - -St. Sebastian, by Guido Reni. - - Next the chimney. - -The portrait of Sir Anthony Vandyck, painted by himself. - - Next to the wall. - -The portrait of a young girl, with a little dog asleep in her hands, by - Rembrandt van Rijn. - - Under them. - -A large oval battle, painted by Luca Jordano. - - Over the closet door. - -The portrait of a man with a book in his hand, said to be the famous - satirist Berni, by Giorgio Barbarelli, called Il Giorgione. - - Between the door and the wall. - -A she saint, with angels, by Pietro Berettini, called Pietro Cortona. - - Under it, in the middle. - -A small battle, by Bourgognone. - - On both sides of it. - -Two small pictures, done from the gallery of Archduke Leopold, the one - from Paris Bourdon, and the other from young Palma, by David Teniers. - - Between the door and the window. - -A large picture, representing our Saviour at the Pharisee’s house, and - Mary Magdalen anointing his feet, with the portrait of the person for - whom it was painted, as a servant waiting at table, by Carlo Dolce. - - N.B. This picture is out of the stile of Carlo Dolce’s paintings, who - never before attempted so great a subject and composition; and was - done by him, after the drawing of Ludovico Cigoli. - - Under it, in the middle. - -The portraits of three of Henry the Seventh’s children, viz. Prince - Arthur, Henry the VIII. and Princess Mary, who was afterwards Queen of - France, and Duchess of Brandon, by a hand not certainly known. - - On both sides of it. - -Two pieces of the history of Judith, the one where she is presented to - Holofernes, and the other where she is entertained by him at a feast, - by Paolo Veronese. - - On the SECOND FLOOR. - In the dining room. - Over the door as you go into it. - -A fortune teller, with several figures consulting him, by Giorgio - Barbarelli, called Il Giorgione. - - Over the door. - -The history of Tancred and Erminia, out of Tasso, by Pietro Berettini, - called Pietro de Cortona. - - Between the doors. - -A large picture, representing the baptism of our Saviour by St. John in - the river Jordan, with angels, by Guido Reni. - - Between the wall and middle door. - -A Bacchanal, with Silenus and satyrs, by Jacob Jordaans of Antwerp. - - Under it. - -A large landscape, by Claude Gille, commonly called Claude de Lorraine. - - Between that door and the wall. - -The Virgin and our Saviour, St. John the Baptist and his lamb, St. - Peter, and the three cardinal virtues, Faith, Charity, and Hope, by - Titiano Vecelli, called Il Titiano. - - N.B. This is an emblematical picture, by which the painter meant to - represent the several virtues that are necessary to form the - character of a good Christian. - - Under it, in the middle. - -The holy family, by Paolo Veronese; the saint which is represented in - armour, being the portrait of Paolo himself. - - Next to the door. - -A landscape and naked figures, by Cornelius Polembergh. - - Next to the wall. - -The flight into Egypt, by Filippo Lauri. - - Between the wall and chimney. - -Scipio and the fair captive at Carthagena, by Pietro de Cortona. - - Under that. - -A battle, by Giacomo Cortese, called Il Bourgognone. - - Between the chimney and the window. - -The dead body of our Saviour, with the Virgin Mary, and St. John, by - Hannibal Caracci. - - Under it. - -A landscape, representing a temple of Bacchus, and the sun setting, by - Claude Gille, commonly called Claude de Lorraine. - - Dressing room. - Over the chimney. - -The ordination of St. Dennis, patron of France, by Eustache le Sueur. - - Between the chimney and the window. - -Women at work by candle light, by Giacomo Bassan. - - Under it, in the middle. - -The annunciation of the blessed Virgin, with God the Father, and several - angels in the clouds, by Francesco Albani. - -N.B. This picture belonged to Pope Innocent X. as may be seen by his - arms on the back side of it; and the frame, which is of silver, was - made by the famous statuary Alessandro Algardi. - - Under that. - -St. Augustine in an ecstasy, contemplating the mystery of the holy - Trinity, and the incarnation of our Saviour; a very high finished - sketch by Vandyck, of the finest picture he ever painted, which is in - the church of St. Augustine at Antwerp. - - On both sides, at the top. - -A man and a woman smoaking, and a man and woman drinking, by David - Teniers. - - Underneath, on each side. - Next the window. - -Cephalus and Procris, by Adam Elsheimer. - - Next to the chimney. - -The will of Eudadimus the Corinthian, a sketch, by Nicholas Poussin. - - Between the chimney and the wall. - -The flight into Egypt, by Il Cavalier Giovanni Lanfrancho. - - Under it, in the middle. - -The portrait of Antonio Caracci, son of Augustino, by Annibal Caracci. - - Under that. - -A garland of flowers, painted on looking glass, by Old Baptiste. - - On both sides at top. - Next the chimney. - -A satyr squeezing grapes, with a tyger and leopard, by Rubens. - - Next the wall. - -Cupid shaving his bow, and two other little Cupids, by Parmegiano. - - Under them. - -Dutch boors in a fury against the Spaniards, by Pieter Bruegel, and a - barber surgeon’s shop, with a cat and monkies, by David Teniers. - - Over against the windows. - In the middle. - -St. Francis Xavier dying in an island on the coast of China, by Carlo - Maratti. - - On both sides of it. - -Two sea pieces, by William Vanderveld, jun. - - Under them, in the middle. - -The Virgin and Child, St. Joseph, St. Anne, and St. Catherine, by John - Abeyk, commonly called John of Bruges. - - On both sides of it. - -Four pieces of the history of Judith and Holofernes, by Paolo Veronese. - - Under them, in the middle. - -The martyrdom of the Innocents on copper, by Alessandro Turchi. - - On both sides of it. - -A small battle piece, by Bourgognone. - -A march of soldiers, by the same. - - Over the door to the dining room. - -The portrait of Cosmus the 3_d._ Duke of Florence, when a child, by - Giustus Subtermans. - - Over the two other doors. - -Our Saviour breaking the bread, and blessing the cup, and St. Bruno - founder of the order of Carthusians, both of them by Carlo Dolce. - - Between the two doors. - -The marriage of Jacob, by Ciro Ferri. - - Under it. - -The Virgin and our Saviour in the clouds, and the several saints, - patrons of the city of Bologna, by Guido Reni. - - Under that. - -The nativity of our Saviour, by young Palma. - - Over against the chimney. - -A large landscape, with the baptism of Queen Candace’s eunuch by St. - Philip, by John Both. - - Under it, in the middle. - -The inside of a church, by Henry Stenwix, and the figures by Velvet - Brughell. - - Under each corner of it. - -Two little round pictures, one of them being the head of Mary Magdalen, - and the other that of our Saviour crown’d with thorns; both of them by - Francesco Albani. - - Under them. - -The shipwreck of St. Paul on the island of Malta, by Adam Elsheimer. - - On each side of it. - -Two small landscapes on copper, by John Brughell, commonly call’d the - Velvet Brughell. - - On both sides of them. - -The martyrdom of St. Laurence, by Titiano Vecelli, commonly called Il - Titiano; and St. Sebastian, and other saints, by Filippo Lauri. - - Between the door and the window. - -The education of Bacchus, by Simon Vouet. - - Under it. - -The Virgin and our Saviour, and several saints, by Ludovico Caracci. - - Under that. - -The judgment of Paris, by Giovanni Rottenhammer, the landscape by Paul - Brill. - - Between the windows over the glass. - -A portrait of a Dominican friar, by Giovanni Lanfrancho. - - In the passage room, over the doors. - -The portrait of Don Antonio de Leyva, General to Charles the Fifth, who - took Francis the First prisoner at the battle of Pavia. By Il Dosso di - Ferrara. - -The portrait of Charles Lewis, the eldest Prince Palatine, by Vandyke. - -The portrait of the Lady Anne Carre, Countess of Bedford, by the same. - - Over the chimney. - -Our Saviour carried before Pontius Pilate, in water colours, by Lucas of - Leyden. - - In the bedchamber, over the door. - -The portrait of a man in a ruff, by Rubens. - - Over the chimney. - -A large picture of a curtain, carpet, fruit, &c. by the Maltese, and - Mich. Angelo del Campidoglio. - - In the closet. - Over the chimney. - -A copy of Raphael’s picture of the Madonna della Seggiola in the palace - of Pitti, at Florence. - - Under it. - -A small flower piece on copper, by Velvet Brughell. - - Over the little closet door. - -The portrait of Sir Paul Methuen when a boy. - - Over the door next the window. - -The picture of a woman, &c. by Albert Durer. - - Over the bedchamber door. - -A man’s head, by Tintoretto, said to be that of the famous Andrea - Vesalio. - -GROVE _street_, Hackney. - -GRUB _street_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate. 2. Market street, - Westminster. - -GRUB’S _rents_, Whitechapel.† - -GUBBINS, or GOBIONS, near North Mims in Hertfordshire, had its name from - its ancient Lord Sir Richard Gobion. In the reign of Henry VII. it - belonged to the family of the Mores, when it was called More Hall; but - on the attainder of the great Sir Thomas More, Lord High Chancellor of - England, it was forfeited to the Crown, and settled on the Princess, - afterwards Queen Elizabeth, who held it till her death. It afterwards - came into the possession of several families, and was at length - purchased by the late Sir Jeremy Sambroke. The manor house and gardens - are very beautiful. - - -[Illustration: - - _Guild Hall._ - _S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - - -GUILDHALL, at the north end of King street, Cheapside, is the hall for - holding the courts, and transacting the business of the city. The old - hall in Aldermanbury being fallen to decay, the present structure was - begun in the year 1411, upon a larger and more noble plan, and ten - years were employed in compleating it. The executors of the famous - Richard Whittington, long celebrated in song, gave a Purbeck pavement - to the hall, and glazed some of the windows, on every one of which - Whittington’s arms are placed; others of the Aldermen glazed different - windows, and had also their arms painted on the glass. - - The hall being however much damaged by the fire of London in 1666, was - repaired and beautified two years after, at the expence of 2500_l._ in - so effectual a manner, that it has stood till this time. - - The entrance has a stately Gothic frontispiece, with the King’s arms - under a cornice, pediment and vase; under which are niches; and in the - middle of the front are the following words done in gold: - - _Reparata & ornate Thoma Rawlinson, Milit. Majore, An. Dom._ MDCCVI. - - That is, - - Repaired and adorned in the year 1706, during the Mayoralty of Thomas - Rawlinson. - - Over the gate is a balcony, above which are placed in niches on each - side, the figures of Moses and Aaron; and in niches on each side of - the gate below, the four cardinal virtues; also under the balcony are - depicted the arms of twenty-four companies. - - On entering this Gothic arch, you come into the hall, which is one - hundred and fifty-three feet long, forty-eight feet broad, and - fifty-five feet high. The roof is flat, and divided into panels; the - walls on the north and south sides are adorned with four Gothic - demi-pillars, painted white with blue veins, and gilt capitals, upon - which are the royal arms, and those of Edward the Confessor. - - Nearly fronting the gate, are nine or ten steps, leading to the Lord - Mayor’s court, over which is a balcony supported at each end by four - iron pillars in the form of palm trees; by these is a small enclosure - on each side on the top of the steps, used on some occasions as - offices for clerks to write in, each being just sufficient to hold one - person. Under these are two prisons called Little Ease, from the - lowness of the ceiling, by which prisoners were obliged to sit on the - floor; these prisons are intended for city apprentices, who upon - complaint and a strict examination into the offence, were sometimes - committed thither by the Chamberlain, whose office is at the right - hand at the head of the steps. In the front of this balcony is a - clock, on the frame of which is carved the four cardinal virtues, with - the figure of Time, on the top, and a cock on each side of him. But - the most extraordinary figures are yet behind; these are two monstrous - giants which stand on the outside of the balcony close to the wall, - one on each side: they have black and bushy beards; one holds an - halbert, and the other a ball set round with spikes, hanging by a - chain to a long staff. These absurd ornaments, which Mr. Strype - supposes were designed to represent an ancient Briton and a Saxon, are - painted, as if to give them the greater appearance of life, and render - them more formidable to children. - - Round the hall are hung up, the standards and colours taken from the - French, at the battle of Ramilies. At the east end are the King’s arms - between the pictures of his present Majesty King George II. and Queen - Caroline; close by the first is Queen Anne, and by the last his late - Majesty King George I. and at the same end of the hall, but on the - north and south sides, are the pictures of King William III. and Queen - Mary fronting each other. The hall is likewise adorned with the - portraits of eighteen Judges, put up by the city as a testimony of - public gratitude for their signal services, in determining the - differences which arose between landlords and tenants, without the - expence of law suits, on rebuilding the city after the fire. These - Judges are all painted at full length in their scarlet gowns; and in - the Lord Mayor’s court there are the portraits of five other Judges - painted in the same manner. - - On the east end of the hall is held the court of Hustings weekly, and - occasionally that of the Exchequer; and before the Hustings is held - the court of Conscience. At the west end is held alternately the - Sheriff’s court for the Poultry and Wood street counters. Opposite to - the Chamberlain’s office, already mentioned, as situated up the steps - underneath the giants, is the office of Auditors of the city accounts, - within which is the Lord Mayor’s court office, where the Lord Chief - Justice occasionally sits in trials by _nisi prius_. On the west side - of the Mayor’s court office is the court of Orphans, where the Lord - Chief Justice of the Common Pleas occasionally sits. Adjoining to this - court on the north, is the old council chamber, now used by the - Commissioners of bankrupts. Contiguous to it is the new council - chamber. Beneath the Mayor’s court is the Town Clerk’s office, where - are deposited the city archives. To the east and north are the - residences of the Chamberlain and Town Clerk; near which are two rooms - wherein the business of bankrupts are dispatched. Contiguous to the - north west is the kitchen; in the porch is the Comptroller’s office, - and over it the Irish chamber. Over the piazzas on the west, are the - common Serjeant’s, Remembrancer’s, and city Solicitor’s offices. See - an account of each of these courts under the articles, _Court of_ - COMMON COUNCIL. _Lord_ MAYOR’S _Court_. _Court of_ HUSTINGS, &c. - - Guildhall is at the end of a tolerable vista, which shews the building - to some advantage, though the Gothic front has nothing very - extraordinary in it. The hall within is a fine one, but the entrance - would have been better at the lower end than in the middle, for by - this means all the beauty of the perspective is lost. The ascent of - steps across the hall not being opposite the gate, as it ought to have - been, is another material defect. A noble front in the situation of - Guildhall, would have had an advantage hardly to be met with - elsewhere, and give an architect a fine opportunity of displaying his - genius. But the present front is full of little parts which have no - effect at a distance. - -GUILDHALL _alley_, Basinghall street, leading to Guildhall. - -GUILDHALL CHAPEL, situated between Blackwell hall, and Guildhall, was - founded in the year 1299, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen and All - Saints, and called London College. A chantry was founded in this - chapel for four chaplains, and lands and tenements left for their - support. It was rebuilt in the reign of Henry VI. and received new - endowments: but at the suppression of religious houses it reverted to - the Crown, and was bought of King Edward VI. with other lands and - tenements, for the sum of 456_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ and the city holds it - in soccage of the manor of Greenwich. It was defaced, but not burnt - down by the fire of London in 1666, and has been since repaired. - - This edifice is perfectly in the Gothic taste. In several niches are - set the figures in stone of King Edward VI. of Queen Elizabeth, with a - phœnix under her; and of King Charles I. treading on a globe. The - windows are extremely large, and on the inside the walls are hung with - tapestry. Over the Aldermen’s seats there is a wainscot covering, and - a particular seat for the Lord Mayor, adorned with cartouches. There - is a gallery at the west end, a handsome wainscot pulpit and desk, and - a neat altar piece inclosed with rails and banisters. - - On the south side of this chapel was formerly a library belonging to - Guildhall and the College. But it is said that in the reign of King - Edward VI. Edward Duke of Somerset, then Lord Protector, sent for the - books with a promise of returning them shortly; upon which three - carriages were loaded with them; but they being never returned, the - room has been long made a storehouse for cloths. - -GUILDHALL _yard_, 1. King street, Cheapside.☐ 2. King street, - Westminster. - -GUILFORD, or GUILDFORD, a considerable borough in Surry, situated on the - river Wey, thirty miles from London, and governed by a Mayor, - Recorder, and Aldermen. Here the assizes are sometimes held, and - always elections for members of parliament, the town itself returning - two. Not far from the town are the ruinous wails of an old castle, - this having been in the Saxon times a royal villa, where many of our - Kings long after kept their festivals. Here were formerly two or three - convents, one of which was not long ago the seat of Daniel Coswall, - Esq; and had a delightful park adjoining to it. There were also three - churches in the town; but one of them fell down in the year 1740. Here - is a charity school founded by King Edward VI. and an almshouse - founded by George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, who endowed it with - lands worth 300_l._ a year, 100_l._ of which he ordered to be employed - in setting the poor at work, and the other 200_l._ he allotted for the - maintenance of a master, twelve brethren, and eight sisters, who are - to have 2_s._ 6_d._ a week: the Archbishop’s birth day is annually - commemorated in it; and the Archbishop of Canterbury is its visitor. - There are here likewise two charity schools for thirty boys, and - twenty girls; and a fine circular course for horse races, which begin - when the Newmarket races are ended. Guilford had formerly a - considerable manufacture of cloth, of which there are still some - remains. The great road from Chichester and Portsmouth lies through - the town, which has been always famous for good inns, the cleanest of - linen, and other excellent accommodations; and as the river Wey is - made navigable to this town, a great quantity of timber is carried - down it to London, not only from this neighbourhood, but from the - Sussex and Hampshire woods, above thirty miles off, from whence it is - brought to Guilford in the summer by land carriage. - - The road from hence to Farnham is very remarkable, for it runs along - the ridge of a high chalky hill, no wider than the road itself, and - the declivity begins on either hand, at the edge that bounds the - highway, and is very steep and high. From this hill is a surprizing - prospect; to the north and north west over Bagshot Heath; to the south - east into Sussex, almost to the South Downs; and to the west it is so - unbounded that the view is only terminated by the horizon. On this - hill, which is called St. Catharine’s, stands the gallows in such a - position, that the town’s people of Guilford may, from the High - street, sit at their shop doors and see the criminals executed. - -GUILLAM’S _wharf_, St. Catharine’s.† - -GULLYHOLE _alley_, Wheeler street. - -GULSTON’S _square_, Gulston’s street.† - -GULSTON’S _street_, Whitechapel.† - -GUM _alley_, Barnaby street. - -GUMMERY’S _alley_, Dorset street.† - -GUN _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Little Moorfields.* 3. St. John’s - street, West Smithfield.* 4. Wapping.* 5. Well street.* - -GUN _dock_, Wapping. - -GUN-HOUSE _stairs_, near Vauxhall. - -GUN _lane_, Three Colts street.* - -GUNPOWDER _alley_, 1. Poor Jury lane. 2. Shoe lane. - -[Illustration: - - _Gunnersbury._ - _S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sculp._ -] - -GUNNERSBURY HOUSE, near Ealing, a noble and elegant structure, built by - Inigo Jones, or, as some say, by Mr. Web, who was son-in-law to Inigo - Jones. Indeed the architecture shews that if the plan was not drawn by - that celebrated architect himself, it was designed by some of his - scholars, for the building has that majestic boldness and simplicity - which grace all the works of that excellent artist. It is situated on - a rising ground; the approach to it from the garden is remarkably - fine. The loggia has a beautiful appearance at a distance, and - commands a fine prospect of the county of Surry, the river of Thames, - and of all the meadows on its banks for some miles, and in clear - weather of even the city of London. - - The apartments are extremely convenient and well contrived. The hall, - which is large and spacious, is on each side supported by rows of - columns, and from thence you ascend by a noble flight of stairs to a - saloon, which is a double cube of twenty-five feet high, and most - elegantly furnished. This fine room has an entrance into the portico - on the back front, which is supported by columns, and from the finest - of the prospect over the Thames, is a delightful place to sit in, - during the afternoon in the summer season; for it being contrived to - face the south east, the sun never shines on it after two o’clock; but - extending its beams over the country, enlivens the beautiful landscape - that lies before this part of the edifice. On entering the garden from - the house, you ascend a noble terrace, which affords a delightful view - of the neighbouring country; and from this terrace, which extends the - whole breadth of the garden, you descend by a beautiful flight of - steps, with a grand balustrade on each side. But the gardens are laid - out too plain, having the walls in view on every side. This was the - house of the late Henry Furnesse, Esq; who had a fine collection of - pictures in it. - -GUNSMITHS, a company incorporated by letters patent, granted by King - Charles I. in the year 1638. This fraternity consists of a Master, two - Wardens, and eighteen Assistants; but has neither livery nor hall. - _Maitland._ - -GUN _street_, Artillery lane, Spitalfields.* - -GUN _wharf_, 1. Near Battle bridge.* 2. Wapping Dock.* - -GUN _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Houndsditch.* 3. Maiden - lane, Southwark.* 4. Pepper alley.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. Rosemary - lane.* 7. Sugar Loaf alley, Moor lane.* 8. Tower ditch.* - -GUTTER _lane_, Cheapside, originally called Guthurn lane, from Guthurn, - the owner thereof. _Maitland._ - -GUTTIGE’S _rents_, Whitechapel.† - -GUY OF WARWICK’S _court_, 1. Duke street.* 2. Upper Ground.* - -GUY’S _court_, Playhouse passage, Drury lane.† - -[Illustration: - - _Guy’s Hospital._ - _S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - -GUY’S HOSPITAL, in Southwark, for the cure of sick and lame persons, was - founded by Mr. Thomas Guy, a citizen and bookseller of London, who - from a small beginning amassed an immense fortune, by his industry and - frugality; and more particularly by purchasing seamen’s tickets in the - reign of Queen Anne; and by his success in buying and selling South - Sea stock in the year 1720. He was never married, and had no near - relations; and therefore towards the close of his life, considering - how he should dispose of his wealth, after many ruminations, resolved - to be the founder of the most extensive charity ever established by - one man. He was seventy-six years of age when he took this resolution, - and having no time to lose, immediately took of the President and - Governors of St. Thomas’s hospital in Southwark, a lease of a piece of - ground opposite to that hospital, for the term of nine hundred and - ninety-nine years, for a ground rent of 30_l._ a year; and as this was - covered with small houses that were old and ill tenanted, he - immediately gave the inhabitants notice of his intention, and when - they had removed their effects, pulled down the buildings in the year - 1721, and proceeding with all the expedition of a youth of fortune - erecting a house for his own residence; he caused the foundation of - the intended hospital to be laid the following spring, and this vast - fabric was roofed before the death of the founder, which happened on - the 27th of December 1724. - - The only motive that induced Mr. Guy to erect this hospital in so low - and close a situation, was his design of putting it under the - management and direction of the Governors of that of St. Thomas. But - by the advice of his friends he altered his resolution; it was then - however too late to think of chusing another situation, for the - building was raised to the second story, but he rendered the place as - agreeable as possible by its elevation above the neighbouring streets. - - The expence of erecting and furnishing this hospital amounted to the - sum of 18,793_l._ 16_s._ great part of which he expended in his life - time; and the sum he left to endow it, amounted to 219,499_l._ both - together amounting to 238,292_l._ 16_s._ a much larger sum than was - ever before left in this kingdom by one single person to charitable - uses. - - The edifice is situated at a small distance from the foot of London - bridge, and consists of two quadrangles, besides what the print - exhibits, which is intended when the old buildings are removed to be - made regular. At your approach, which is a very narrow street, you - first see the side of the square, which is very elegant, and a noble - iron gate, with very handsome piers, but are much disappointed when - you come nearer, to find the most contemptible front you can imagine. - The whole side could not be represented in the print, as there was not - distance in the street to bring it into the visual angle. The iron - gates open into a square, in the middle of which is a brazen statue of - the founder, by Mr. Scheemakers, dress’d in his livery gown, very well - executed. - - In the front of the pedestal is this inscription: - - THOMAS GUY SOLE FOUNDER OF THIS HOSPITAL IN HIS LIFE TIME. A.D. - MDCCXXI. - - On the west side of the pedestal is represented in basso relievo, the - parable of the good Samaritan; on the south side is Mr. Guy’s arms; - and on that side of the pedestal facing the east, is our Saviour - healing the impotent man. - - The superstructure of this hospital has three floors besides the - garrets, and the same construction runs through the whole building, - which is so extensive as to contain twelve wards, in which are four - hundred and thirty-five beds; and in short the whole has a plainness - that becomes the nature of the institution, and at the same time a - regularity that does some honour to the builder, the whole being - disposed for the mutual accommodation of the sick, and of those who - attend them. - - Soon after Mr. Guy’s decease, his executors, pursuant to his last - will, applied to parliament to get themselves, and fifty-one other - gentlemen nominated by the founder, to be incorporated Governors of - the intended hospital; upon which all these gentlemen were constituted - a body politic and corporate, by the name of the President and - Governors of this hospital: they were to have perpetual succession and - a common seal, with the power of possessing the real and personal - estates of the late Thomas Guy, Esq; for the purposes of the will, and - to purchase in perpetuity, or for any term of years, any other estate - whatsoever, not exceeding 12,000_l._ a year. - - This corporation was no sooner established by parliament, than the - President and Governors set heartily about the work, by finishing and - furnishing the hospital, chusing their officers and servants, and - taking in patients, whose number at first amounted to 402. For the - more effectual preventing inferior servants preying upon poor - patients, or their friends, they resolved to give them handsome - salaries, and the following were appointed and are still given. - - - The Treasurer 00 0 0 - - His Clerk 40 0 0 - - Steward 80 0 0 - - Chaplain 80 0 0 - - Two Physicians, 40_l._ each 80 0 0 - - Apothecary 80 0 0 - - Apothecary’s two servants 78 0 0 - - Surgeryman 30 0 0 - - Butler, with his horse 67 2 8 - - Cook and her servant 32 0 0 - - Porter 35 0 0 - - Beadle 30 0 0 - - Matron 50 0 0 - - Eleven sisters, 25_l._ each 275 0 - 0 - - Eight nurses, 16_l._ each 128 0 - 0 - - Twelve watch-women, 10_l._ 8_s._ 124 16 - each 0 - - One brother belonging to the 35 0 0 - lunatics - - One sister belonging to the 25 0 0 - lunatics - - ──────────────────────────────────────────── - Sum total, 1349 18 - 8 - - - These officers and servants are chosen by the sixty Governors, who - have carried on this noble charity in such a manner as to restore ease - and health to many thousands of their fellow subjects. - - Besides which the out-patients who receive medicines gratis, - frequently amount to about 1600 in a year. - - Before we conclude this article, it may be proper to mention some - other particulars relating to Mr. Guy, in order to do justice to the - character of that great benefactor to the public, by which the reader - will see the little foundation there is for the general opinion of his - being remarkable for nothing more than his parsimony and avarice. He - was a patron of liberty and of the rights of his fellow subjects, - which, to his great honour, he strenuously asserted in several - parliaments, whereof he was a member for the borough of Tamworth in - Staffordshire, the place of his birth. To this town he was a general - benefactor; and early in his life he not only contributed towards the - relief of private families in distress, but erected an almshouse, with - a library, in that borough, for the reception of fourteen poor men and - women, to whom he allowed a certain pension during his life, and at - his death he bequeathed the annual sum of 125_l._ towards their future - support, and for putting out children apprentices, &c. - - In the year 1701 Mr. Guy built and furnished at his own expence, three - wards on the north side of the outer court of St. Thomas’s hospital, - and gave to those wards 100_l._ a year, for eleven years immediately - preceding the foundation of his hospital. Some time before his death, - he removed the frontispiece of St. Thomas’s hospital, which stood over - the gateway in the Borough, and erected it in the place where it now - stands, fronting the street: he also enlarged the gateway; rebuilt the - two large houses on its sides, and erected the fine iron gate between - them, all at the expence of 3000_l._ To many of his relations he gave - while living, a settled allowance of 10 or 20_l._ a year; and to - others money to advance them in the world. At his death, he left to - his poor aged relations the sum of 870_l._ a year during their life; - and among his younger relations, who were very numerous, and his - executors, he left the sum of 75,589_l._ He left the Governors of - Christ’s hospital a perpetual annuity of 400_l._ for taking in four - children annually, at the nomination of the Governors; and bequeathed - 1000_l._ for discharging poor prisoners within the city of London, and - the counties of Middlesex and Surry, who could be released for the sum - of 5_l._ by which sum, and the good management of his executors, there - were above 600 poor persons set at liberty, from the several prisons - within the bills of mortality. _Maitland._ - -GUY’S _yard_. Vinegar yard, Drury lane.† - - -[Illustration] - - - - - H. - - -HABERDASHER _square_, Grub street, Fore street. - -HABERDASHERS, one of the twelve principal companies, was indifferently - called Hurrers and Milliners; the latter from the merchandize in which - they chiefly dealt, which came from the city of Milan in Italy: but - they were incorporated by letters patent granted by King Henry VI. in - the year 1407, by the style of _The_ _fraternity of St. Catharine the - Virgin, of the Haberdashers of the city of London_. But at present - they are denominated _The Master and four Wardens of the fraternity of - the art or mystery of Haberdashers_. - - This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, and ninety-three - Assistants, with a livery of 342 members, who upon their admission pay - a fine of 5_l._ _Maitland._ - -HABERDASHERS _Almshouse_ at Hoxton. See ASKE’S _Almshouse_. - -HABERDASHERS HALL, situated on the north side of Maiden lane, is a good - brick building, and the room called the hall is very neat and lofty. - It is paved with marble and Purbeck stone, wainscoted about twelve - feet high; and the screen at the west end, where are two arched - apertures, is adorned with pilasters of the Corinthian order. - -HACKET _court_, Coleman street.† - -HACKNEY, a village in Middlesex, on the north east side of London, is a - very large and populous village, inhabited by such numbers of - merchants and wealthy persons, that it is said there are near an - hundred gentlemen’s coaches kept. The parish has several hamlets - belonging to it, among which are Clapton on the north, Dorleston and - Shacklewell on the west, and Hummerton, which leads to Hackney Marsh, - on the east. In this village are two meeting houses, viz. a new - Presbyterian meeting near the church, and an Independent meeting in - Mare street: besides a Presbyterian meeting house at Clapton, There - are also here six boarding schools, a free school, a charity school, - and several almshouses. - - Hackney church was a distinct rectory and vicarage in the year 1292, - and dedicated to St. Augustine; but the Knights Templars having - obtained a mill and other possessions in the parish, they were, upon - the suppression of their order, granted to the Knights Templars of St. - John of Jerusalem, from whom the church is supposed to have received - the present appellation of St. John: however, it was not presented to - by that name till after the year 1660. It is in the gift of Mr. Tyson, - Lord of the manor, but in ecclesiastical affairs is subject to the - Bishop of London. _Maitland._ - - At the bottom of Hackney Marsh there have been discovered within these - few years, the remains of a great stone causeway, which by the Roman - coins found there, appears to have been one of the famous highways - made by the Romans. _English Gazetteer._ - -HACKNEY COACHES. The village of Hackney being anciently celebrated for - the numerous seats of the nobility and gentry it contained, this - occasioned a great resort thither of persons of all ranks from the - city of London, whereby so great a number of horses were daily hired - in the city on that account, that at length all horses to be lett - received the common appellation of Hackney horses; which denomination - has since been communicated to public coaches and chairs. - - ’Tis observable that so lately as the year 1625, there were not above - twenty hackney coaches in the city of London and the adjacent parts; - and that these did not ply in the streets as at present; but those who - had occasion for them sent for them from the stables where they stood: - but in 1635, the number of these coaches being greatly increased, they - plied in the streets, which being then much narrower in many parts of - London than at present, the common passages were obstructed and - rendered dangerous; and it was alledged, that by this great increase, - the price of hay and other provender was much enhanced. Upon this a - proclamation was published by his Majesty King Charles I. on the 19th - of January, strictly commanding, that after the 24th of June - following, no hackney coach should be used within the city and suburbs - of London, except for carrying of people to and from their habitations - in the country: and that no person whatsoever should be allowed to - keep a coach in this city, except such persons as were capable of - keeping four able horses fit for his Majesty’s service, which were at - all times to be ready when called for, under a severe penalty. However - in 1654, Cromwell published an ordinance, by which he ordered that the - hackney coaches, which he limited to two hundred, should be under the - care and government of the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen. And - in 1662 it was enabled by parliament, that all the hackney coaches, - which then amounted to four hundred, should annually pay the sum of - 5_l._ each towards the charge of paving and cleaning the streets of - London and Westminster. Since which time the number of hackney coaches - has been augmented to eight hundred, and both they and the hackney, - chairs put under the government of the Hackney coach office. - _Maitland._ - -HACKNEY COACH _Office_, in Surry street in the Strand, was erected - according to an act of parliament passed in the year 1696, for - licensing hackney coaches and chairs, and to put them under the - government of five Commissioners, who have a salary of 150_l._ a year - each. The number of coaches is limited to eight hundred; out of which - two hundred are to ply every Sunday in their turn, on the forfeiture - of 5_l._ for every coachman who plies out of his turn. - - For the better government of these coaches and chairs, and preventing - the drivers and owners imposing on those who employ them, each coach - has its respective number on a tin plate fixed on each side. The price - of each licence is 50_l._ no person is allowed to have more than two - licences, and every proprietor pays 5_s._ a week by monthly payments, - to the receiver of the office. A hackney coachman plying without a - licence, using another’s figure, or defacing his own, forfeits 5_l._ - And no horse, mare, or gelding, under fourteen hands high, is to be - used in drawing hackney coaches. - - If any coachman abuses a passenger; exacts more for his fare than he - ought to receive; or refuses to go at the following rates, whether by - day or night, foul or fair weather; upon complaint belong made to the - Commissioners, and the number of the coach delivered in, such coachman - will be summoned to appear, and fined for each offence twenty or forty - shillings, according to the nature of his crime. - - Rates of Hackney Coachmen. - - For a day of twelve hours, 10_s._ - For one hour, 1_s._ 6_d._ - For every hour after the first, 1_s._ - For any distance nor exceeding a mile and a half, 1_s._ - For any distance not exceeding two miles, 1_s._ 6_d._ - - For the better ascertaining the fares between the most remarkable - places of this city and suburbs, the Commissioners of the Hackney - Coach office have caused the distance between the following parts to - be measured, and the several rates fixed accordingly. - -Rates for Hackney Coaches, one shilling. - - From any of the Inns to Court to any part of St. James’s or - Westminster, except beyond Tothill street. - - From any of the Inns of Court, or thereabouts, to the Royal Exchange. - - From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Albemarle street, Bolton - street, Bloomsbury square, Soho square, or Little Queen street, - Holborn. - - From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster; or the - nearest corner of Red Lion square. - - From Golden square to Red Lion square. - - From the Haymarket play house to Red Lion square, Queen’s square - Westminster, Thavies Inn, or Bloomsbury square. - - From Guildhall to Red Lion square. - - From the upper end of Fetter lane, Holborn, to Aldgate. - - From the Royal Exchange to Hoxton square. - - From Newgate to the middle of Greek street near Soho square. - - From the Bridge foot, Southwark, to Sir William Walworth’s Head at - Walworth. - - From Gray’s Inn gate to Sadler’s Wells near Islington. - - From Covent garden to Clerkenwell church. - - From Temple Bar to Billingsgate. - - From Aldgate to Shadwell church. - -Rates for Hackney Coaches, eighteen pence. - - From Drury lane play house to Queen square, Westminster. - - From Westminster Hall to St. Paul’s. - - From Westminster Hall to Queen square, Red Lion fields. - - From St. James’s gate to Hatton garden. - - From the New Exchange in the Strand to the Royal Exchange. - - From the Haymarket play house to Hatton garden. - - From Red Lion square to Westminster hall. - - From any of the Inns of Court to the Tower, Aldgate, Bishopsgate - street, or thereabouts. - - From St. James’s to Marybone church. - - From the Royal Exchange to Bloomsbury square. - - From the Royal Exchange to the watch house at Mile-end. - - From the outside of Aldgate to Stepney church. - - From Bedford street, Covent garden, to Coleman street. - - From Bread street to Hoxton square. - - From the middle of Broad street to Hart street, Bloomsbury. - - From St. Martin’s lane in the Strand to Gold street, by Wood street. - - From the middle of Gracechurch street to Somerset house. - - From Guildhall to Brownlow street, Drury lane. - - From the Royal Exchange to Newington church, Surry. - - From Covent garden to the Royal Exchange. - - From Stocks market to Charing Cross. - - From Aldgate to Ratcliff Cross. - -HACKNEY CHAIRMEN, are subject to the same regulations as the Hackney - Coachmen; and if they behave ill, any person may have them fined or - punished by producing the number of the chair, and making complaint at - the Hackney Coach office in Surry street. The only difference between - them and the Hackney Coachmen is, that they are obliged to go the same - distance for eighteen pence, which the coachmen perform for a - shilling; they are to take no more than one shilling for any distance - not exceeding a mile; and no more than eighteen pence for any distance - not exceeding a mile and a half. - -Rates for Hackney Chairmen, one shilling. - - From Westminster to Covent garden, or Exeter Exchange. - - From St. James’s gate through the Park to Westminster Hall. - - From the Haymarket play house to the entrance of Lincoln’s Inn fields. - - From the Haymarket play house to Bolton street. - - From St. James’s gate to Somerset house. - - From Somerset house to the upper end of Hatton garden. - - From the Haymarket play house to Soho square. - - From the nearest corner of Golden square to Drury lane play house. - -Rates for Hackney Chairmen, eighteen pence. - - From Westminster Hall to Marlborough street, Soho square, Bolton - street, or Temple Bar. - - From St. James’s gate to Queen Anne’s square, Westminster. - - From Golden square to Red Lion square. - - From Red Lion square to the Haymarket play house. - - From Queen’s square to the Haymarket play house. - - From the Haymarket play house to Bloomsbury square. - - From the Haymarket play house to Gray’s Inn. - -HACKNEY _road_, near Shoreditch.☐ - -HAGLE’S _court_, Silver street, Tooley street.† - -HAINS’S _court_; Swallow street.† - -HAIRBRAIN’D _court_, 1. Blue Anchor yard, Rosemary lane.‖ 2. Scotland - yard.‖ - -HALBOURN _yard_, Mews, Duke street, Piccadilly.† - -HALFMOON _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. By the Halfmoon - tavern, Cheapside.* 3. Green Bank, Wapping.* 4. Grub street, Fore - street.* 5. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 6. Little Bartholomew - close, leading to the Halfmoon tavern. 7. Little Moorfields.* 8. - Saltpetre Bank.* 9. Seven Stars alley, Golden lane.* 10. Whitechapel.* - 11. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* - -HALFMOON _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Bow lane.* 3. Hermitage, - Wapping.* 4. Long alley, Moorfields.* 5. Ludgate hill.* 6. Portpool - lane.* 7. Saltpetre Bank.* 8. Wiltshire lane.* 9. East Smithfield.* - -HALFMOON AND SEVEN STARS _court_, Old street.* - -HALFMOON _passage_, Foster lane, Cheapside.* - -HALFMOON _street_, 1. Hyde Park road.* 2. In the Strand.* 3. West - street, Soho.* - -HALF NICOL _street_, New Turnmill street, Shoreditch fields. - -HALF-PAVED _court_, Dorset street, Fleet str. - -HALFPENNY _alley_. 1. Jacob street. 2. Sharp’s alley, Cow Cross. 3. - Halfway house lane, Stepney fields. - -HALLAM _street_, Gray’s Inn lane. † - -HALL’S _court_, 1. Compton street.† 2. Deadman’s place.† - -HALL’S _rents_, Helmet court, St. Catharine’s.† - -HALL’S _stairs_, Narrow street, Ratcliff.† - -HALLMOTE, a court so denominated from the place in which it is kept, - belongs to the several companies of citizens, by whom it is - occasionally held in their respective halls, wherein the affairs of - each of the companies are respectively transacted. - -HALSEY’S _court_, Blackman street.† - -HALSTED, a village in Essex, between Cray and Sevenoak, near which is - the seat of the Duke of Richmond, called Halsted Place. - -HAM (EAST) a village in Essex, south east of Plaistow, and six miles - from London. - -HAM (WEST) a village in Essex, between Stratford and Little Ilford. - -HAMBURGH MERCHANTS, a company incorporated by Edward I. in the year - 1269, by the name of _Merchant Adventurers_. This being the first - company of merchants incorporated in this kingdom, they soon obtained - ample privileges of John Duke of Brabant, for establishing a factory - at Antwerp. - - As these merchants proved of great advantage to the nation, their - privileges were confirmed and enlarged by several succeeding Princes, - particularly by Queen Elizabeth, who impowered the members of this - company to extend their commerce to all parts of Germany. This was no - sooner known, than very great privileges were offered them by the - merchants of Hamburgh, as an encouragement to settle in their city, - which being accepted, the factory repaired thither, where they still - continue, and are at present known by the appellation of the _Hamburgh - Company_, the ancient name being now never used but in deeds, and - other writings. - - This society, since the diminishing of their privileges, and laying - open their trade in the reign of King William III. is greatly reduced. - _Strype’s edit. of Stow._ - - -[Illustration: - - _Cascade at Ham Farm._ - _S. Wale delin._ _F. Vivares sculp._ -] - - -HAM FARM, is the seat of the Earl of Portmore at Weybridge in Surry. It - is situated between the Earl of Lincoln’s and the late Mr. - Southcote’s. The house is a large handsome structure built regularly - of brick, with a fine lawn before the garden front. The grounds about - it consist of about 500 acres, 130 of which are laid out for pleasure, - besides a paddock of about 60 acres. Here is a fine command of water, - there being two navigable rivers, the Thames, which comes with a fine - bending course by the side of the terrace, and the Wye, which runs - direct]y through the grounds, and joins the Thames at the terrace. - There is a swing bridge over the Wye, which may be turned aside at - pleasure to let boats and other vessels pass. The Wye is navigable up - to Guildford and other places. What is called the Virginia Water, runs - from Windsor great park, and flows through Mr. Southcote’s grounds - hither. The terrace next the Thames is beautiful; and though it lies - upon a flat, there are some good views from it, and from other parts - of the gardens. This place was first beautified by the Countess of - Dorchester, in the reign of James II. - -HAM HOUSE. See PETERSHAM. - -HAMILTON _street_, Hyde Park road.† - -HAMILTON’S _yard_, Upper Shadwell.† - -HAMMER AND CROWN _court_, Broad street, Ratcliff.* - -HAMMER _court_, In the Minories.* - -HAMMERSMITH, a village in Middlesex, four miles west from London. There - are a number of pretty seats about it, especially towards the Thames, - among which the most remarkable is Mr. Doddington’s. It has a church, - a Presbyterian meeting house, two charity schools, a work house, and a - kind of nunnery. - -HAMMOND’S _Almshouse_, in Almshouse yard, Snow hill, consists of six - neat rooms, and was founded by Edmund Hammond, Esq; in the year 1651, - for as many poor batchelors or widowers, with an allowance 10_l._ a - year each: but the estate appropriated for its support being reduced - by the fire of London, the Haberdashers company, to which the care of - this charitable foundation was intrusted, at present only pay the - pensioners the annual sum of 7_l._ 10_s._ each. - -HAMMOND’S _court_, Haymarket.† - -HAMMOND’S _key_, Thames street.† - -HAMMOND’S _lane_, Thames street.† - -HAMPSHIRE _court_, Whitechapel. - -HAMPSHIRE HOG _yard_, Broad St. Giles’s.* - -HAMPSHIRE _yard_, Whitechapel. - -HAMPSTEAD, a pleasant village in Middlesex, situated near the top of a - hill about four miles on the north west side of London. On the summit - of this hill is a heath, which is adorned with many gentlemen’s - houses, and extends about a mile every way, affording a most extensive - and delightful prospect over the city as far as Shooter’s Hill, and - into the counties all around it. This village used to be formerly - resorted to for its mineral waters; and there is here a fine assembly - room for dancing. Its old ruinous church, which was a chapel belonging - to the Lord of the manor, has been lately pulled down, and a new one - is just erected in its room. There is besides a handsome chapel near - the wells, built by the contribution of the inhabitants, who are - chiefly citizens and merchants of London; and also a meeting house. - -HAMPSTEAD WATER OFFICE, in Denmark street, St. Giles’s. To this office - belong two main pipes of a seven inch bore, which bring water from the - ponds at Highgate and Hampstead to supply that neighbourhood. - -HAMPSTEAD _yard_, Gray’s Inn lane. - -HAM’S _corner_, Old street.† - -HAM’S _rents_, Ratcliff highway.† - -HAM’S _yard_, 1. Brook street.† 2. Great Windmill street.† - - -[Illustration: - - _Hampton Court from the Garden._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc Oxon._ -] - - -HAMPTON COURT, is delightfully situated on the north bank of the river - Thames, about two miles from Kingston, and at a small distance from a - village called Hampton. This palace was magnificently built with brick - by Cardinal Wolsey, who here set up two hundred and eighty silk beds - for strangers only, and richly stored it with gold and silver plate; - but it raised so much envy against him, that to screen himself from - its effects, he gave it to King Henry VIII. who, in return, suffered - him to live in his palace of Richmond. King Henry greatly enlarged it, - and it had then five spacious courts adorned with buildings, which in - that age were so greatly admired by all foreigners as well as the - natives, that the learned Grotius says of this place: - - Si quis opes nescit (sed quis tamen ille?) Britannus, - Hampton Curia, tuos consultat ille Lares; - Contulerit toto cum sparsa palatia mundo, - Dicet, Ibi Reges, hic habitare Deos. - - That is, - - _If e’er a Briton what is wealth don’t know; let him repair to Hampton - Court, and then view all the palaces of the earth, when he will say, - Those are the residence of Kings, but this of the Gods._ - - In order to give a more perfect idea of this grandeur, we shall give a - description of the ornaments of this palace, as they appeared in the - reign of Queen Elizabeth, from an author who describes what he himself - saw. - - “The chief area, says he, is paved with square stone; in its - center is a fountain that throws up water, covered with a gilt - crown, on the top of which is a statue of Justice, supported - by columns of black and white marble. The chapel of this - palace is most splendid, in which the Queen’s closet is quite - transparent, having its windows of crystal. We were led into - two chambers called the presence, or chambers of audience, - which shone with tapestry of gold and silver, and silk of - different colours: under the canopy of state are these words - embroidered in pearl, VIVAT HENRICUS OCTAVUS. Here is besides - a small chapel richly hung with tapestry, where the Queen - performs her devotions. In her bedchamber the bed was covered - with very costly coverlids of silk. At no great distance from - this room we were shewn a bed, the teaster of which was worked - by Anne Boleyn, and presented by her to her husband Henry - VIII. All the other rooms being very numerous, are adorned - with tapestry of gold, silver, and velvet, in some of which - were woven history pieces, in others Turkish and American - dresses, all extremely natural. - - “In the hall are these curiosities: a very clear looking - glass, ornamented with columns and little images of alabaster; - a portrait of Edward VI. brother to Queen Elizabeth; the true - portrait of Lucretia; a picture of the battle of Pavia; the - history of Christ’s passion, carved in mother of pearl; the - portrait of Mary Queen of Scots; the picture of Ferdinand - Prince of Spain, and of Philip his son; that of Henry VIII. - under which was placed the Bible curiously written upon - parchment; an artificial sphere; several musical instruments: - in the tapestry are represented negroes riding upon elephants; - the bed in which Edward VI. is said to have been born, and - where his mother Jane Seymour died in childbed. In one chamber - were several excessively rich tapestries, which are hung up - when the Queen gives audience to foreign ambassadors; there - were numbers of cushions ornamented with gold and silver; many - counterpanes and coverlids of beds lined with ermine. In - short, all the walls of the palace shine with gold and silver. - Here is besides a certain cabinet called Paradise, where - besides that every thing glitters so with silver, gold, and - jewels, as to dazzle one’s eyes, there is a musical instrument - made all of glass, except the strings. Afterwards we were led - into the gardens, which are most pleasant.” - - _Hentzner’s Journey into England._ - - This palace, which was afterwards the prison of King Charles I. is, - with the parks, encompassed in a semicircle by the Thames. King - William and Queen Mary were so greatly pleased with its situation, - which rendered it capable of great improvements, and of being made one - of the noblest palaces in Europe, that while the former was causing - the old apartments to be pulled down, and rebuilt in the more - beautiful manner in which they now appear, her Majesty impatient to - enjoy so agreeable a retreat, fixed upon a building near the river, - called the Water Gallery, and suiting it to her convenience, adorned - it with the utmost elegance, though its situation would not allow it - to stand after the principal building was completed. - - Since the pulling down of the Water Gallery, which stood before the - fine stone front that faces the river, the ground to the south west - received considerable improvements. This spot is laid out in small - inclosures, surrounded with tall hedges, in order to break the - violence of the winds, and render them proper for the reception of - such exotic plants as were moved thither in summer out of the - conservatories. Here are two basons constantly supplied with water, - for the support of these plants in dry weather; and as these are - situated near the great apartments, most of the plants may be viewed - from the window. - - At a small distance to the west, stood a large hot house, for - preserving such tender exotic plants as require a greater share of - warmth than is generally felt in this climate. Of this part of - gardening Queen Mary was so fond, that she allowed a handsome salary - to Dr. Plukenet, a very learned botanist, for overlooking and - registering the curious collection of plants she caused to be brought - into the garden; but since her Majesty’s death they have been much - neglected, and very few of the most curious plants are now to be found - there. - - The park and gardens, with the ground on which the palace now stands, - are about three miles in circumference. On a pediment at the front of - the palace on this side, is a bas-relief of the triumphs of Hercules - over Envy; and facing it a large oval bason, answering to the form of - this part of the garden, which is a large oval divided into gravel - walks and parterres, laid out in an elegant manner, by those two - eminent gardeners, London and Wise. - - At the entrance of the grand walk, are two large marble vases, of - exquisite workmanship, one said to be performed by Mr. Cibber, the - father of the poet laureat, and the other by a foreigner; these pieces - are reported to be done as a trial of skill; but it is difficult to - determine which is the finest performance. They are beautifully - adorned with bas-relief; that on the right hand, representing the - triumphs of Bacchus, and the other on the left, Amphitrite and the - Nereides. At the bottom of this walk, facing a large canal which runs - into the park, are two other large vases, the bas-relief on one - representing the judgment of Paris; and that of the other, Meleager - hunting the wild boar. - - In four of the parterres are four fine brass statues. The first is a - gladiator, which formerly stood in the parade of St. James’s Park, at - the foot of the canal, and was removed thither in the reign of Queen - Anne. The original was performed by Agasias Desitheus of Ephesus, and - is in the Borghesian palace at Rome. The second is a young Apollo; the - third a Diana; and the fourth, Saturn going to devour one of his - children: all after fine originals. - - On the south side of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk - ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to the river Thames; in - this garden is a fine fountain, and two grand terrace walks. - - On the north side of the palace is a tennis court; and beyond that a - gate which leads into the wilderness: farther on is the great gate of - the gardens, on the sides of which are large stone piers, with the - lion and unicorn couchant, in stone. - - We shall now, leaving the gardens, take a view of the palace, and - several apartments, with their noble furniture and fine paintings, - performed by the most eminent masters. - - To begin with the first entrance into the palace, at the gates of - which are four large brick piers, adorned with the lion and unicorn, - each of them holding a shield, whereon are the arms of Great Britain, - with several trophies of war well carved on stone. - - Passing through a long court yard, on each side of which are stabling - for the officers of his Majesty’s houshold, we come next to the first - portal, which is strongly built of brick, and decorated by Wolfey with - the heads of four of the Cæsars, Trajan and Adrian on one side, and on - the other Tiberius and Vitellius. - - Thro’ this portal we pass into a large quadrangle, remarkable for - nothing extraordinary, but its spaciousness and uniformity. This leads - to a second quadrangle, where over the portal is a beautiful - astronomical clock, made by the celebrated Tompion, on which are - curiously represented the twelve signs of the zodiac, with the rising - and setting of the sun, the various phases of the moon, and other - ornaments, and indications of time. - - On the left hand of this quadrangle is the great old hall, in which, - by her late Majesty’s command, was erected a theatre, wherein it was - intended that two plays should have been acted every week, during the - time of the court’s continuance there; but Mr. Colley Cibber observes, - that only seven plays were performed in it, by the players from Drury - lane, the summer when it was raised, and one afterwards for the - entertainment of the Duke of Lorrain, afterwards Emperor of Germany. - In the front is a portal of brick decorated with four Cæsars heads - without names. - - On the opposite side of this quadrangle is a stone colonade of - fourteen columns, and two pilasters of the Ionic order, with an - entablature and balustrade at the top, adorned in the middle with two - large vases. - - This leads to the great stair case, adorned with iron balusters - curiously wrought and gilt, the whole erected on porphyry. From the - ceiling hangs by a strong brass chain gilt, a large glass lanthorn - which holds sixteen candles, and has an imperial crown at the top. - This staircase, with the ceiling, were painted by Signor Verrio, an - Italian, by order of King William III. - - At the top, on the left side, are Apollo and the nine Muses, at whose - feet sits the God Pan with his unequal reeds, and a little below them - the Goddess Ceres, holding in one hand a wheat sheaf, and with the - other pointing to loaves of bread; at her feet is Flora, surrounded by - her attendants, and holding in her right hand a chaplet of flowers; - near her are the two river Gods Thame and Isis with their urns; and a - large table in the middle, upon which is a quantity of rich plate, - decorated with flowers. - - On the ceiling are Jupiter and Juno, with Ganymede riding on Jupiter’s - eagle, and offering the cup. Juno’s peacock is in the front: one of - the Parcæ, with her scissors in her hand, seems to wait for Jove’s - orders to cut the thread of life. These figures are covered with a - fine canopy surrounded with the signs of the zodiac, and by several - zephyrs, with flowers in their hands; and on one side of them is Fame - with her two trumpets. - - Beneath is a beautiful figure of Venus riding on a swan, Mars - addressing himself to her as a lover, and Cupid riding on another - swan. - - On the right hand are Pluto and Proserpine, Cœlus and Terra, Cybele - crowned with a tower, and others. Neptune and Amphitrite are in the - front, and two attendants are serving them with nectar and fruit. - Bacchus is leaning on a rich ewer, and, being accompanied by his - attendants, places his left hand on the head of Silenus, who sits on - an ass that is fallen down, he seeming to catch at a table, to which - Diana above is pointing. The table is supported by eagles; on one side - of it sits Romulus, the founder of Rome, with a wolf; and on the other - side of it is Hercules leaning on his club. Peace in her right hand - holds a laurel, and in her left a palm over the head of Æneas, who - seems inviting the twelve Cæsars, among whom is Spurina the - soothsayer, to a celestial banquet. Over their heads hovers the genius - of Rome with a flaming sword, the emblem of destruction, and a bridle, - the emblem of government, both in her right hand. - - The next is the Emperor Julian writing at a table, while Mercury - dictates to him. - - Over the door at the head of the stairs is a funeral pile, done in - stone colour; and under the above paintings are thirty-six panels, - representing trophies of war, and other decorations in the same - colour. - - From the stair case we pass into the guard chamber, which is very - large and spacious, it being upwards of sixty feet long, and forty - feet wide. This room contains arms for 5000 men, curiously placed in - various forms. There are here pilasters of pikes and bayonet on each - side sixteen panels that go round the room; with variety of other - ornaments, as muskets in chequer work, stars made of bayonets, swords, - &c. - - The next is the King’s first presence chamber, which is hung with rich - old tapestry. The ceiling is vaulted, and from the center hangs a fine - lustre of nineteen branches. Fronting the door are the canopy and - chair of state, which, as well as the stools, are of crimson damask; - on the back part of the canopy are the King’s arms, and round the - vallance, a crown and cypher embroidered in gold. - - On the left hand of the entrance, behind the door is a fine picture - about eighteen feet by fifteen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. King William - III. is in armour on a stately grey horse, trampling on trophies of - war, by which lies a flaming torch. At the top in the clouds Mercury - and Peace support his helmet, decorated with laurel, and a Cupid holds - a scroll. On the bottom part of the picture appear Neptune and his - attendants by the side of a rock, welcoming the hero on shore; and at - a distance is seen a fleet of ships, their sails swelled with the east - wind. In the front ground Plenty with her cornucopia offers him an - olive branch, and Flora presents flowers. - - Over the chimney is a whole length of the Marquis of Hamilton, Lord - Steward of the houshold to King Charles I. by Van Somer; and over the - doors are two pieces of architecture, finely executed by Rosso. - - The next room, which is called the second presence chamber, is - spacious, and has a vaulted ceiling, from the centre of which hangs a - gilt chandelier of twelve branches. The tapestry is ancient but very - rich, the lights being all gold, and the shadows silk; the subjects - are, Hercules and the Hydra, and Midas with his ass’s ears. The chair - of state and stools are of crimson damask fringed with the same - colour. Over the chimney is a whole length of Christiern IV. King of - Denmark, by Van Somer. This picture, as most of the large ones are, is - decorated round the frame on the outside with festoons of fruit and - flowers, finely carved in high-relief. Over the three doors are pieces - of ruins and landscapes, by Rosso. In this room are also two fine - marble tables, with two pier glasses, and two pair of gilt stands. - - The fourth room is very lofty; in the middle hangs a beautiful chased - silver chandelier of sixteen branches. Here is a fine canopy of state, - with the window curtains, chair and stools, of rich crimson damask - laced and fringed with gold. The tapestry, which represents part of - the story of Abraham, is fine; over the chimney is a whole length - picture of Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, the daughter of King James I. - and over each of the two doors is a Madona, by Domenico Fetti. - - In the fifth room is also a chair of state, and stools; the window - curtains are tissue with a silver ground; there are silver sconces - fastened to the tapestry, which is richly woven with gold, but is very - ancient; the subject is Abraham sending his servants to get a wife for - Isaac. Over the chimney piece is an admirable whole length picture of - King Charles I. by Van Dyck; and over the doors are two capital - pictures, the first is David with Goliath’s head, by Fetti; the other - the holy family, by Correggio. - - In the King’s state bed chamber is a crimson velvet bed, laced with - gold, having plumes of white feathers on the top. This room, which is - very spacious, is hung round with tapestry representing the history of - Joshua, about which are eight silver sconces chased with the Judgment - of Solomon. The ceiling, which was painted by Verrio, represents - Endymion lying with his head in the lap of Morpheus, and Diana - admiring him as he sleeps. On another part of the ceiling is a fine - figure of Somnus, or Sleep, with his attendants, and in the border are - four landscapes, and four boys with baskets of flowers intermixed with - poppies. Over the doors are two flower pieces, finely painted by - Baptist; and over the chimney is a whole length of the Dutchess of - York, by Van Somer. - - In the King’s private bed chamber, the bed is of crimson damask, and - the room hung with fine tapestry, the subject of which is Solbay - fight. - - The King’s dressing room, which is about twelve feet long, and six - feet wide, has the ceiling painted by Verrio. Mars is sleeping in - Venus’s lap, while several Cupids steal away his armour, sword and - spear, and others are binding his legs and arms with fetters of roses. - The borders are decorated with jessamin, orange trees in pots, and - several sorts of birds. Over the doors are fine flower pieces, by - Baptist. The room is hung with straw-coloured India damask, and the - chair, stools and screen, are covered with the same. - - The King’s writing closet is of a triangular form, and has two - windows. The hangings and stools are of a pea-green India damask. A - glass is here so placed, as to shew all the rooms on that side of the - building in one view. Over each door is a flower piece by Baptist, and - over the chimney a fine picture of a great variety of birds, by - Bougdane. There is here a fine collection of china. - - Queen Mary’s closet is hung with needle work, said to be wrought with - her own hand; there are also an easy chair, four others, and a screen, - all said to be the work of that excellent Queen. The work is extremely - neat; the figures are well shadowed, perhaps equal to the best - tapestry, and shew great judgment in drawing. Over the chimney piece - is an old painting, said to be Raphael’s, representing Jupiter’s - throne, by which is the thunder, and his eagle in the clouds. - - The Queen’s gallery, which is about seventy feet long, and twenty-five - feet wide, is hung with seven beautiful pieces of tapestry, - representing the history of Alexander the Great, and done after the - famous paintings of Le Brun; they are however not placed according to - chronology, for some of the last actions of Alexander’s life are - placed before those which preceded them. Under that part of the - tapestry which represents the story of Alexander and Diogenes, and - which is placed over the chimney piece, is a very neat bust of a Venus - in alabaster standing upon an oval looking-glass, under which are two - doves billing in basso relievo. Among the other furniture in this - gallery, are two very fine tables of Egyptian marble. - - The ceiling of the Queen’s state bed chamber is finely painted by Sir - J. Thorn-hill, who has represented Aurora rising out of the ocean in - her golden chariot, drawn by four white horses. The bed is of crimson - damask; and besides other furniture, the room is adorned with a glass - lustre with silver sockets. Over a large marble chimney piece is a - whole length of King James I. by Van Somer. At his right hand, over - one of the doors, is Queen Anne his consort; on his left, their - daughter the Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of Bohemia; both by - Van Somer. Over the other door is a beautiful whole length of Henry - Prince of Wales, their eldest son, by Van Dyck. In the cornice are - four other portraits, one on each side, viz. his late Majesty K. - George I. his present Majesty King George II. the late Queen Caroline, - and the late Prince of Wales. - - The Queen’s drawing room has the ceiling painted by Signor Verrio; in - the middle of which is the late Queen Anne, under the character of - Justice, holding the scales in one hand, and the sword in the other: - she is dressed in a purple robe lined with ermine; and Neptune and - Britannia are holding a crown over her head. The room is hung with - green damask, upon which are placed nine pictures, three on each side - of the room, and three at the end. These were formerly all in one - piece of a great length, as may be very plainly seen from some of the - figures being cut asunder, and placed in different pieces. The whole - is the triumph of Julius Cæsar, and was a long procession of soldiers, - priests, officers of state, &c. at the end of which that Emperor - appears in his triumphal chariot, with Victory holding a laurel crown - over his head. It is painted in water colours upon canvas, by Andrea - Mantegna. - - The Queen’s state audience room is hung with rich tapestry, - representing the children of Israel carrying the twelve stones to the - river Jordan, as mentioned in Joshua iv. Here is a fine canopy of - state, and five pictures at full length, the Duke, Dutchess, and - Marchioness of Brunswick their daughter; the Dutchess of Lenox, and - Margaret Queen of Scots, all by Holbein. - - The Prince of Wales’s presence chamber is hung with tapestry wrought - with the story of Tobit and Tobias. Here is a canopy of state of green - damask: over one of the doors is Guzman, and over another Gundamor, - two Spanish ambassadors: over the third is Madam Chatillon, the French - Admiral’s lady; and over the chimney, Lewis XIII. of France, with a - walking stick in his hand, and a dog by his side, all by Holbein. - - The Prince of Wales’s drawing room is hung with tapestry, representing - Elymas the sorcerer struck with blindness; this is taken from one of - the cartons. Over the chimney piece is the Duke of Wirtemburg: over - one of the doors is a whole length of the wife of Philip II. King of - Spain; and over the other, a whole length of Count Mansfield, General - of the Spaniards in the Low Countries, all by Holbein. - - The Prince of Wales’s bed chamber has a bed of green damask, and four - pictures also done by Holbein, viz. over the chimney piece is a whole - length of the Duke of Lunenbourg, great grandfather to his present - Majesty; over one of the doors Philip II. King of Spain; over another, - the consort of Christiern IV. King of Denmark; and over the third, a - whole length of the Prince of Parma, Governor of the Netherlands. - - In the private dining room are four pictures of the defeat of the - Spanish Armada, by Vande Velde; and over the chimney a very fine one, - by Van Dyck, of the Lord Effingham Howard, Lord High Admiral of - England. - - In the Admiral’s gallery are the pictures of the following celebrated - Admirals, Sir George Rooke, Sir Cloudsley Shovel, Sir John Leake, the - Lord Torrington, Admiral Churchill, Sir Stafford Fairborne, Sir John - Jennings, Sir Thomas Hopson, Admiral Beaumont, Sir Thomas Dilks, - Admiral Bembo, Admiral Whetstone, Admiral Wishart, Admiral Graydon, - Admiral Munden; all painted by Dahl, and Sir Godfrey Kneller. - - In the room of Beauties, nine ladies are placed in the following - order: the Lady Peterborough, the Lady Ranelagh, the Lady Middleton, - Miss Pitt, the Duchess of St. Alban’s, Lady Essex, Lady Dorset, Queen - Mary, and the Duchess of Grafton. Q. Mary was painted by Wissing, and - all the rest by Sir Godfrey Kneller. - - In the Carton gallery are the celebrated cartons of Raphael Urbino, so - called from their being painted on paper. These are seven pieces of - sacred history, taken from the New Testament, and were at first - designed only as patterns for tapestry. For these admirable pieces - Lewis XIV. is said to have offered 100,000 louis d’ors. - - These pictures, which may be properly termed coloured drawings on - paper, as big as the life, are painted with great delicacy and beauty - in water colours. The first is the miraculous draught of fishes, in - which Christ appears in the boat with an air of divine gentleness. A - very ingenious modern author, whose words we shall chiefly follow in - the description of these admirable pieces, observes, that the exotic - birds, the magnificent large fowl placed on the shore in the fore - ground, have a sea wildness in them; and, as their food was fish, - contribute to express the business in hand, which is fishing; and - being thus placed on the shore, prevents the heaviness which that part - would otherwise have had, by breaking the parallel lines that would - have been made by the boat, and the base of the picture. - - However in this carton Raphael has made a boat too little to hold the - figures he has placed in it; but had he made it large enough for those - figures, the picture would have been all boat; and to have made his - figures small enough for a vessel of that size, would have rendered - them unsuitable to the rest of the set, and less considerable: there - would have been too much boat, and too little figure. - - The second, which is the delivery of the keys, has received some - injury, and is not now what Raphael made it. As this is the appearance - of our Saviour after the resurrection, present authority, late - suffering, humility and majesty, despotic command, and divine love, - are at once visible in his celestial aspect. He is wrapt only in one - large piece of white drapery, his left arm and breast are bare, and - part of his legs naked, which was undoubtedly done to denote his - appearing in his resurrection body, and not as before his crucifixion, - when this dress would have been altogether improper. The figures of - the eleven apostles all express the same passion of admiration, but - discover it differently according to their characters. Peter receives - his master’s orders on his knees, with an admiration mixed with a more - particular attention; the words used on that occasion are expressed by - our Saviour’s pointing to a flock of sheep, and St. Peter’s having - just received two keys. The two next express a more open ecstasy, - though still constrained by their awe of the divine presence. The - beloved disciple has in his countenance wonder drowned in love; and - the last personage, whose back is towards the presence, one would - fancy to be St. Thomas, whose perplexed concern could not be better - drawn, than by this acknowledgment of the difficulty to describe it. - The apostle who stands in profile immediately behind St. John, has a - yellow garment with red sleeves, which connects the figure with St. - Peter and St. John, whose draperies are of the same species of - colours; next is a loose changeable drapery, then another different - yellow with shadows bearing on the purple, all which produce wonderful - harmony. - - The third is the miracle of healing the cripple at the Beautiful Gate - of the temple. All the figures are admirably performed; the boys are - done with great judgment, and by being naked make a fine contrast. The - figures are placed at one end near the corner, which varies the side - of the picture, and gives an opportunity to enlarge the building with - a fine portico, the like of which you must imagine must be on the - other side of the main structure, all which together make a noble - piece of architecture. - - The fourth is the history of the death of Ananias. Here is the - greatest dignity in the apostles; they are however only a subordinate - group, because the principal action relates to the criminal; thither - the eye is directed by almost all the figures in the picture; what a - horror and reverence is visible in the whole assembly on this - mercenary man’s falling down dead! - - The fifth is Elymas the sorcerer struck with blindness. His whole body - from head to foot expresses his being blind. How admirably are terror - and astonishment expressed in the people present? and how variously - according to their several characters? the Proconsul has these - sentiments but as a Roman and a gentleman, the rest in several degrees - and manners. The same sentiments appear in Ananias’s death, together - with those of joy and triumph, which naturally arise in good minds - upon the fight of the divine justice and the victory of truth. - - What grace and majesty is seen in the great apostle of the gentiles, - in all his actions, preaching, rending his garments, denouncing - vengeance on the sorcerer! The Proconsul Sergius Paulus has a - greatness and grace superior to his character; and equal to what one - can suppose in Cæsar, Augustus, or Trajan. - - The sixth is the sacrifice to Paul and Barnabas by the people of - Lycaonia. The occasion of this is finely told; the man healed of his - lameness, to express his sense of the divine power which appeared in - these apostles, and to shew it to be him, not only a crutch is under - his feet on the ground, but an old man takes up the lappet of his - garment, and looks upon the limb he remembers to have been crippled, - expressing great devotion and amazement; which are sentiments seen in - the other, with a mixture of joy. - - The group of the ox and popa are taken from a bass relievo in the - Villa de Medici. - - The seventh is St. Paul preaching to the Athenians. The divine orator - is the chief figure; but with what wonderful art are almost all the - different tempers of mankind represented in that elegant audience! one - is eminently distinguished as a believer, holding out his hands in - rapture, and has the second place in the picture; another is wrapped - up in deep suspense; another saying there is some reason in what he - says; another angry and malicious at his destroying some favourite - opinion; others attentive and reasoning on the matter within - themselves, or with one another; while the generality attend, and wait - for the opinion of those who are leading characters in the assembly. - Some are placed before the apostle, some behind, not only as caring - less for the preacher or the doctrine, but to raise the apostolic - character, which would lose something of its dignity, if his maligners - were supposed to be able to look him in the face. - - This picture is conducted with the greatest judgment. The attitude of - St. Paul is as fine as possible, pointing out his hands to the statue - of Mercury, alluding to their idolatry; for the men of Lystra would - call him by that name, and worship him as a God presiding over - eloquence. Thus the picture shews the subject of his preaching. The - little drapery thrown over the apostle’s shoulder, and hanging down to - his waist, poises the figure, which otherwise would seem ready to - tumble forwards. The drapery is red and green, the back ground is - expressive of the superstition St. Paul was preaching against, as - above-mentioned. No historian, orator or poet, can possibly give so - great an idea of the eloquent and zealous apostle as this figure does: - for there we see a person, whose face and action no words can - sufficiently describe; but which assure us as much as those can, that - that divine man must speak with good sense and to the purpose. - - There were in all twelve of these pieces, two of which are in the - possession of the French King: the King of Sardinia has two of the - others, and one belonged to a gentleman in England, who pledged it for - a sum of money: but when the person who had taken this valuable - deposit found it was to be redeemed, being very unwilling to part with - it, he greatly damaged the drawing; for which the gentleman brought - his action, and it was tried in Westminster hall, where the picture - was produced. The subject was Herod’s cruelty, and indeed, the cruel - malice of the person sued, seemed to flow from a principle perhaps - equally diabolical and inexcusable. - - Over the chimney piece in this gallery is a fine bas-relief in white - marble of Venus drawn in her chariot, and attended by several Cupids. - - We come next to the Queen’s staircase, where the ceiling is painted by - Vick. Here is King Charles II. and Catharine his Queen, with the Duke - of Buckingham representing Science in the habit of Mercury, while Envy - is struck down by naked boys. There are also other ornaments done by - Mr. Kent. - - From the Queen’s stair case, we descend into a new quadrangle, in the - middle of which is a round bason, and four large lamps on pedestals of - iron work; and on the right hand over the windows, are the twelve - labours of Hercules done in fresco. - - We shall conclude our account with observing, that the whole palace - consists of three quadrangles. The first and second are Gothic, but in - the latter is a most beautiful colonade of the Ionic order, the - columns in couplets, built by Sir Christopher Wren. Through this, as - was before observed, you pass into the third court or quadrangle, in - which are the royal apartments, which are magnificently built of brick - and stone by King William III. The print shews two sides of these new - buildings. The gardens are not in the present natural stile, but in - that which prevailed some years ago, when mathematical figures were - preferred to natural forms. - -HANAPER _Office_, an office in Chancery under the direction of the - Master of the Hanaper, his deputy, the clerk, sometimes called the - Warden of the Hanaper, and the six clerks in Chancery for the time - being, who are comptrollers of the Hanaper. The clerk of the Hanaper - receives all money due for charters, patents, commissions, and writs; - attends the Lord Keeper daily in term time, and at all times of - sealing, with leather bags, in which are put all sealed charters, - patents, and the like; and delivered to the comptroller of the - Hanaper. Mr. Chamberlain supposes, that instead of leather bags the - clerk of the Hanaper formerly carried a hamper, and that from thence - he was called the clerk of the Hamper or Hanaper. - -HAND _alley_, 1. High Holborn.* 2. Long alley, Moorfields.* 3. Norfolk - street.* 4. Petticoat lane and Bishopsgate street.* 5. Snow hill.* 6. - Wormwood street.* - -HAND AND CROWN _alley_, Cow Cross.* - -HAND AND PEN _alley_, Tower hill.* - -HAND _court_, 1. Petticoat lane.* 2. Philip lane, London Wall.* 3. Near - the Steel yard, Thames street.* - -HAND AND CROWN _court_, 1. Chiswell street.* 2. Gravel lane.* 3. Orchard - street.* - -HAND AND HOLYBUSH _court_, St. Clement’s.* - -HAND AND PEN _court_, 1. Barbican.* 2. Great Tower hill.* 3. Leadenhall - street.* - -HANDCOCK’S _yard_, Brown’s lane, Spitalfields.* - -HAND IN HAND _alley_, St. Olave’s street.* - -HAND IN HAND FIRE OFFICE, in Angel court, Snow hill, opposite St. - Sepulchre’s church, for insuring only houses, was erected in the year - 1696, by about one hundred persons, who entering into a mutual - agreement to insure each other from losses by having their houses - consumed by fire, formed a deed of settlement for that purpose, which - was inrolled in Chancery on the 24th of January 1698, and this deed - being signed by every person desirous of becoming a member, he or she - is by this means admitted into the joint copartnership, and becomes an - equal sharer in the profit and loss, in proportion to his or her - respective insurance. - - The conditions of insurance are, two shillings _per cent._ premium, - and ten shillings _per cent._ deposit on brick houses, and double - those sums on timber houses in the cities of London and Westminster, - and within five computed miles from the same, to be paid on insuring - for a term not exceeding seven years. - - Houses in the country, beyond five, and so far as twenty computed - miles from the said cities are to pay an additional premium of one - shilling _per cent._ on brick, and double on timber; and beyond twenty - so far as thirty computed miles from the said cities, being the limits - of insurance by this office, an additional premium of two shillings - _per cent._ on brick, and double on timber, the deposit being the same - in all places. Houses with party-walls of brick or stone are to be - accounted brick, and those which have not such party-walls to be - accounted timber houses. Thatched are not to be insured. - - Any number of contiguous houses, not exceeding the value of three - hundred pounds, may be insured in one policy. - - No more than two thousand pounds can be insured on one house in a - policy: but halls, hospitals, and other large buildings, divided by - brick or stone partitions, may each be insured in several policies. - - At the expiration of policies, or whatever time the property in their - houses ceases, all persons may on application to the office, receive - the deposit, together with the dividends of profit made every year - from the premium and interest of money, after the charges of the - office are paid, deducting their proportion of contributions towards - losses, during the time they have been insured. - - Hence it plainly appears, that the whole money paid on insuring, both - premium and deposit, is in effect only deposited, to make good losses - by fire and the charges of the office; it being all returned, except - what is applied to those purposes. - - Contributions are laid when fires happen, and dividends made every - year by the Directors, which are registered in tables hung up in the - office, to be perused by the members. - - All the members or persons insured, have the liberty of examining all - the books and papers of the office, at seasonable hours, gratis. - - No person insured is obliged to pay above ten shillings _per cent._ - Contribution for brick, and double for timber houses, more than the - money first deposited. This being now upwards of 80,000_l._ valuing - the public securities at _Par_, must all be exhausted by losses - happening almost together, before any call can be made from the - members. - - The affairs of the office are managed by twenty-four Directors, - without any salary or reward, who are chosen by balloting for three - years, from amongst, and by the persons insured, in the way of an - annual rotation, eight new ones every year, on the three days - immediately preceding the general meeting in November. They meet at - the office in Angel court on Snow hill, to transact business, every - Tuesday at three in the afternoon. - - Every house before it can be insured, must be surveyed by a person - employed by the office, and in case of a loss or damage, is to be put - into the condition it was in before the fire, allowing not more than - three shillings a yard for painting, nor above thirty pounds for any - chimney piece; or else the whole sum insured is to be paid to the - sufferer without any deduction. - - Nothing is more evident than that the profits of insurance, which in - the offices insuring for gain are divided on their capital stock, are - here, together with the salaries of the Directors, applied to the - benefit of the insured. The consequence of which is, that this office - having paid above two hundred and fifty thousand pounds for losses; - the charge to the injured from its beginning in the year 1696, has - been at a medium under nine-pence a year for one hundred pounds - insured on brick houses. - - The surveyors are to survey houses with all convenient expedition - after directions are left, without any fee or reward. - - The clerks give constant attendance at the office, from eight in the - morning to six in the evening. _The proposals delivered by the Office, - October 10, 1758._ - - This company keep in their service thirty firemen, who are annually - clothed, and have each a badge, on which are two hands joined and a - crown over them. - -HAND IN HAND _yard_, Old Horselydown lane.* - -HAND _yard_, Thames street.* - -HANGING LION _yard_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.* - -HANGING SWORD _alley_, 1. Quaker street.* 2. Water lane, Fleet street.* - -HANGING SWORD _court_, Water lane, Fleet street.* - -HANGMAN’S _acre_, King David’s fort, near Bluegate fields. - -HANGMAN’S GAINS, St. Catherines. Mr. Strype observes, that the towns of - Calais, Hammes, and Guisnes, being lost in the reign of Queen Mary, - many of the inhabitants fled to England, and wanting habitations, a - part of St. Catharine’s where this lane is now built, was allowed - them, which from the countries whence they came was called Hammes and - Guisnes, which at length by a vulgar corruption was changed to - Hangman’s gains. - -HANGMAN’S GAINS _alley_, St. Catharine’s. - -HANNOWAY _street_, Tottenham Court road.† - -HANOVER _court_, 1. Grub street. 2. Houndsditch. 3. In the Minories. - -HANOVER _square_, so called in compliment to the present royal family, - has Oxford road on the north; Swallow street in the east; Conduit - street on the south; and New Bond street on the west. The area of the - square contains about two acres of ground, in the middle of which is a - garden inclosed with rails; the houses are new built in the modern - taste; they make a grand appearance, and are inhabited by noblemen and - gentlemen of distinguished rank. - - The author of the Review of the public buildings remarks, that the - upper end of Great George street towards Hanover square is laid out so - considerably wider than at the other end, that it quite reverses the - perspective, and shews the end of the vista broader than the - beginning; which was calculated to give a noble view of this square - from its entrance, and a better prospect down the street from the - other side, and both way the effects answer the intention. He adds, - that the view down George street, from the upper side of the square, - is one of the most entertaining in this whole city: the sides of the - square, the area in the middle, the breaks of building that form the - entrance of the vista, the vista itself, but above all, the beautiful - projection of the portico of St. George’s church, are all - circumstances that unite in beauty, and render the scene perfect. - -HANOVER _street_, 1. Hanover square. 2. Long Acre. 3. Rotherhith Wall. - -HANOVER _stairs_, Hanover street, Rotherhith. - -HANOVER _yard_, St. Giles’s. - -HANSON’S _alley_, St. Giles’s Broad street.† - -HARCOURT’S _buildings_, Inner Temple.† - -HARDING’S _alley_, Petty France, Westminster.† - -HARE _alley_, Shoreditch.* - -HARE _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Hare street, Spitalfields.* 3. - Inner Temple.* 4. Little Knightrider’s street.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. - Upper Ground.* - -HARE COURT _buildings_, Inner Temple.* - -HAREFIELD, a village in Middlesex, near the river Coln, between - Rickmansworth and Uxbridge, about twenty miles from London. _Harefield - Place_ is the seat of Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart. Here also George - Cooke, Esq; the present member for the county of Middlesex, has a - handsome seat and park. - -HARE _marsh_, Hare street.* - -HARE _street_, Brick lane, Spitalfields.* - -HARE _yard_, Hoxton.* - -HARLEY _street_, as does most of the other streets near it, took its - name from the late Earl of Oxford, the ground landlord, who left it to - his lady. This is a noble new street, extending northward from - Cavendish square where Sir Richard Littleton’s house is at the corner. - -HARP _alley_, 1. Grub street.* 2. Little Knightrider’s street.* 3. - Saffron hill.* 4. Shoe lane.* - -HARP _court_, Little Knightrider’s street.* - -HARP _lane_, Tower street.* - -HARP _yard_, Black horse yard, Fleet street.* - -HARPER’S _alley_, Fore street, Lambeth.† - -HARPER’S _walk_, Fore street, Lambeth.† - -HARRIE’S _gun wharf_, Millbank.† - -HARRISON’S _court_, Brook street.† - -HARRIS’S _court_, Ratcliff Highway.† - -HARRIS’S _rents_, Rosemary lane.† - -HARROLD’S _court_, Coal yard.† - -HARROW _alley_, 1. St. Catharine’s.* 2. Holborn.* 3. Mint street.* 4. - Old Gravel lane.* 5. Old street.* 6. Petticoat lane.* 7. Whitechapel.* - -HARROW _corner_, 1. Bennet’s hill.* 2. Deadman’s place.* 3. Fleet lane.* - 4. Long lane.* - -HARROW _dunghil_, Mint street.* - -HARROW _dunghil yard_, Old Horselydown.* - -HARROW _yard_, Ropemakers fields.* - -HARROW ON THE HILL, is situated in Middlesex, fifteen miles N. W. from - London, on the highest hill in the county, on the summit of which - stands the church, which has a very high spire. This parish is famous - for a free school founded by Mr. John Lyons in the reign of Queen - Elizabeth; and every 4th of August a select number of the scholars, - dressed in the habit of archers, come with their bows, and shoot at a - mark for a silver arrow. - -HARTFORD, or HERTFORD, the county town of Hartfordshire, is situated on - the river Lea, twenty-three miles from London, and is a place of great - antiquity. It is said to have been of some note even in the time of - the ancient Britons; here the Saxon Kings frequently kept their - courts, and here King Alfred built a castle, by which he destroyed the - Danish vessels that passed from the Thames up the river Lea. The town - had its first charter granted by Queen Mary, by which it was made a - corporation, and King James I. granted it a new one. The town is - pleasantly situated in a dry and healthful vale, and built in the form - of a Y with a castle in the middle of the two horns. It is governed by - a High Steward, who is generally a nobleman, and by a Mayor, nine - Aldermen, a Recorder, a Town Clerk, a Chamberlain, ten capital - Burgesses, with sixteen Assistants, and two serjeants at mace. Here - were five churches, which are reduced to two. In that of St. Andrew’s - there is not only a seat for the Mayor and Aldermen, but another for - the Governors of Christ Church hospital in London, and a gallery, in - which 200 of the children of that hospital may be accommodated; for - the Governors have erected an handsome house in the town for such - children, as either wanted health, or are too young for that hospital. - Here is also a handsome free school, and three charity schools; but - tho’ the splendor of the town is much diminished, since the north road - from London was turned through Ware, yet the county jail is still kept - here, and the jail delivery in the castle. This town has the honour of - giving the title of Earl to the Duke of Somerset, and of sending two - members to parliament. The chief commodities of its market are wool, - wheat, and malt, and it is said to send 5000 quarters of malt weekly - to London by the river Lea. - - Near this town is a seat of the late Governor Harrison, pleasantly - situated on a hill that commands a fine prospect of the country all - around; and its neighbourhood is a seat of the Clarks, which also - enjoys a delightful situation. - -HARTINGFORDBURY, a village a little to the west of Hartford, near which - the Earl Cowper has a handsome seat, built by his father, the Lord - Chancellor of that name. - -HART _alley_, Grub street, Fore street.* - -HART _court_, Little Knightrider’s street.* - -HART ROW _street_, without Newgate.* - -HART _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. By Bow street, Covent Garden. 3. - Cripplegate. 4. Duke street. 5. Mark lane, Fenchurch street. - -HARTSHORN _court_, 1. Golden lane. 2. Moor lane. - -HARTSHORN _lane_, in the Strand, lately by Northumberland house, leading - down from the Strand to the water side; but it is now demolished, and - a handsome street building in its room, which, it is said, will be - called Northumberland street, from the present Earl of Northumberland - to whom it belongs. - -HARVEY’S _court_, in the Strand.† - -HARWAR’S _Almshouse_, in Kingsland road, was founded by Mr. Samuel - Harwar, citizen and draper, in the year 1713, for twelve single men - and women, six of whom are to be put in by the company of Drapers, and - the other six by the parish of St. Leonard, Shoreditch: each of whom - is allowed six shillings a month, and eighteen bushels of coals a - year. - -HARWOOD’S _court_, 1. Wellclose square. 2. Well street. - -HARWOOD’S _yard_, Holiwell street.* - -HASS _park_, Wheeler street. - -HASTEWOOD’S _court_, Blue Anchor alley.† - -HASTING’S _court_, 1. Ratcliff Highway.† 2. Upper Shadwell.† - -HAT AND MITRE _court_, St. John’s street.* - -HATBANDMAKERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King - Charles I. in the year 1638. They have a Master, two Wardens, and - twelve Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall. - - This fraternity during the wear of rich hatbands, was in a flourishing - condition; but this part of dress having been many years out of - fashion, the trade of making hatbands is almost dwindled to nothing, - so that there are at present but two or three of the company who are - really hatbandmakers. _Maitland._ - -HATCHET _alley_, 1. Church lane, Whitechapel. 2. East Smithfield. 3. - Little Britain. 4. Little Tower hill. - -HATE _street_, Greek street, Soho. - -HATFIELD, a town in Hertfordshire, twenty miles from London, was called - Bishops-Hatfield, from its belonging to the Bishops of Ely. Here - Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury held a synod, against the Eutychean - opinions; and here was once a royal palace, from whence both Edward - VI. and Queen Elizabeth were conducted to the throne. The rectory, - which is in the Earl of Salisbury’s gift, is computed at 800_l._ a - year. - - The Earl of Salisbury has here a noble seat built by the great Lord - Burleigh, called Hatfield House. The park and gardens, in which is a - vineyard, is watered by the river Lea. - -HATFIELD _street_, Goswell street. - -HATTON _court_, 1. Saffron hill. 2. Thread-needle street. - -HATTON _garden_, Holborn, a broad straight and long street, in which the - houses are pretty lofty; but tho’ they are plain and unadorned on the - outside, yet there being something like regularity in the buildings, - they appear to great advantage; and the street affording a fine vista, - may justly be reckoned among the handsomest within the liberties of - the city. Mr. Strype observes, that here was anciently situated the - mansion house of the Bishop of Ely; adjoining to it was an orchard and - pasture of about forty acres inclosed with a wall, which falling to - the Crown at the death of Bishop Cox, she granted it to the Lord - Chancellor Hatton, and his heirs for ever. Upon which the house was - pulled down, and Hatton Garden, and several other streets erected on - this estate. _Strype’s Stow._ - -HATTON _wall_, at the end of Hatton garden; probably so called from its - being at the extremity of the wall of the garden in which the street - called Hatton Garden was built. See the preceding article. - -HATTON _yard_, Hatton Wall.† - -HAVILAND’S _rents_, St. Catharine’s.† - -HAUNCH OF VENSION _yard_, Brook street.* - -HAWKERS AND PEDLERS _Office_, for granting licences to the hawkers and - pedlers, is kept in Holborn court, Grays Inn. These belong to this - office three commissioners, a comptroller, a cashier, nine riding - surveyors, and a supernumerary riding surveyor, each of whom has a - salary of 100_l._ a year. There are besides a few other officers with - smaller salaries. - -HAWS’S _Almshouse_, in Bow lane, Poplar, was founded in the year 1686, - for six poor women, who besides a room have thirty shillings a year - each. - -HAY _court_, near Newport market. - -HAY _hill_, Dover street. - -HAYMARKET, Pall Mall, a pretty long and spacious street, in which there - is the opera house on one side, and a small theatre on the other. It - received its name from there being a market here for hay and straw, - every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. - -HAZELWOOD _court_, Bunhill row.* - -HEATHCOCK _court_, in the Strand.* - -HEATH’S _Almshouse_, in Almshouse row,* in the Lower street, Islington, - was founded by John Heath, Esq; in the year 1648, for the reception of - ten decayed members of the clothworkers company, who annually receive - from their corporation, who are trustees for this foundation, the sum - 6_l._ each. _Maitland._ - -HEATH’S _rents_, Church lane, Rag Fair.† - -HEDDON’S _court_, Swallow street.† - -HEDDON’S _street_, Swallow street.† - -HEDGE _alley_, Barnaby street. - -HEDGE _lane_, Charing Cross, so called from its being formerly inclosed - all along between two hedges. _Maitland._ - -HEDGERS _court_, St. Thomas’s, Southwark. - -HEDLEY, a village in Surry, three miles from Epsom. - -_St._ HELEN’S _Church_, situated in a spacious court, on the east side - of Bishopsgate street, called Little St. Helen’s, is thus denominated - from its dedication to St. Helena, the mother of Constantine the - Great. This church escaped the flames in 1666, and is no ill monument - of the taste of the time in which it was erected. It is a Gothic - structure of the lighter kind; and consists of a plain body, with - large windows not too much encumbered with ornaments. It has a tower - wrought with rustic at the corners, and crowned with a turret and dome - in which is a bell. - - In this church was formerly a figure of the Trinity, and a high altar - of St. Helena, to which much devotion was paid. The church is now a - vicarage in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul’s. - - In the north isle is the following inscription, on a large handsome - piece of black marble, under which are placed the remains of the wife, - son, and daughter of Mr. Thomas Payne, bookseller. - - Silent grave, to thee I trust - These precious piles of lovely dust; - Keep them safely, sacred tomb, - Till a father asks for room. - -_Priory of St._ HELEN’S, was a convent of Black Nuns, founded in the - reign of Henry III. by the above church; but was surrendered to the - Crown in the thirteenth year of the reign of Henry VIII. The nuns - hall, and other houses belonging to the priory, have been since - purchased by the leathersellers company, and is their common hall. - -HELMET _alley_, Fore street, Cripplegate.* - -HELMET _court_, 1. Butcher Row, Temple Bar.* 2. Near Catharine street, - in the Strand.* 3. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 4. London Wall.* 5. In - the Minories.* 6. Thames street.* 7. Wormwood street.* - -HELMET _row_, Old street.* - -HEMLOCK _court_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn fields. - -HEMMING’S _row_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.† - -HEMP _yard_, 1. Creechurch lane. 2. Petticoat lane. 3. Seething lane. - -HEMPSTED, or HEMEL-HEMPSTED, a town in Hertfordshire, situated about - eight miles to the west of St. Alban’s, is esteemed one of the - greatest markets for wheat in this county, if not in England: it is - kept on Thursday, and 20,0001. a week is often returned in it for meal - only. Eleven mills stand within four miles of the place, which bring a - great trade to it; but by this means the road is so continually torn, - that it is one of the worst turnpike ways round London. - -HEN _court_, Golden lane.* - -HEN AND CHICKENS _court_, Fleet street.* - -HENNAGE _lane_, Duke’s Place. - -HENRIETTA _street_, 1. Cavendish square. 2. Covent Garden. - -HENRY _street_, Old street. - -HEPPER’S _wharf_, near Puddle dock, Thames street.† - -HEPWORTH’S _alley_, Dancing Bridge.† - -HERALDS _Office_, or the _College of Arms_, is situated upon St. - Bennet’s hill, near Doctors Commons, at the south west end of St. - Paul’s cathedral. This office was destroyed by the dreadful - conflagration in 1666, and rebuilt about three years after. It is a - square, inclosed by regular brick buildings, which are extremely neat - without expensive decorations. The floors are raised above the level - of the ground, and there is an ascent to them by flights of plain - steps. The principal front is in the lower story ornamented with - rustic, upon which are placed four Ionic pilasters, that support an - angular pediment. The sides which are conformable to this have arched - pediments, that are also supported by Ionic pilasters. On the inside - is a large room for keeping the court of honour; a library; with - houses and apartments for the King’s Heralds and Pursuivants. - - This corporation consists of thirteen members, viz. three Kings at - arms, six Heralds at arms, and four Pursuivants at arms; who are - nominated by the Earl Marshal of England, as ministers subordinate to - him in the execution of their offices, and hold their places by - patent, during their good behaviour. They are all the King’s servants - in ordinary, and therefore in the vacancy of the office of Earl - Marshal, have been sworn into their offices by the Lord Chamberlain. - Their meetings are termed chapters, which they hold the first Thursday - in every month, or oftener, if necessary, wherein all matters are - determined by a majority of voices of the Kings and Heralds, each King - having two voices. - - The Kings are Garter, Clarenceux and Norroy. Garter was instituted by - King Henry V. in the year 1417, for the service of the most noble - order of the Garter: and for the dignity of that order, he was made - Sovereign, within the office of arms, over all the other officers - subject to the crown of England, by the name of _Garter King of Arms - of England_. By the constitution of his office he must be a native of - England, and a gentleman bearing arms. To him belongs the correction - of arms, and all ensigns of arms usurped or borne unjustly; and the - power of granting arms to deserving persons, and supporters to the - nobility and Knights of the Bath. It is likewise his office to go next - before the sword in solemn processions, none interposing, except the - Marshal; to administer the oath to all the officers of arms; to have a - habit like the register of the order; with Baron’s service in the - court, and lodgings in Windsor Castle; he bears his white rod with a - banner of the ensigns of the order thereon before the Sovereign; when - any Lord enters the parliament chamber, it is his post to assign him - his place, according to his dignity and degree; to carry the ensigns - of the order to foreign Princes, and to do, or procure to be done, - what the Sovereign shall enjoin relating to the order; for the - execution of which he has a salary of 100_l._ a year payable at the - Exchequer, and 100_l._ more out of the revenue of the order; besides - his fees. - - The others are called Provincial Kings, and their provinces together, - comprise the whole kingdom of England; that of Clarenceux - comprehending all to the south of the river Trent; and that of Norroy, - all to the north of that river: but tho’ these provincials have - existed time immemorial, they were not constituted to these offices by - the titles of Clarenceux and Norroy before Edward III. - - Clarenceux is thus named from the Duke of Clarence, the third son of - King Edward III. It is his duty, according to his commission, to visit - his province, to survey the arms of all persons, &c. and to register - their descents, marriages, &c. to marshal the funerals of all persons - in his province not under the direction of Garter; and in his province - to grant arms, with the consent of the Earl Marshal. Before the - institution of Garter he was the principal officer of arms, and in the - vacancy of Garter he executes his office. Besides his fees, he has a - salary from the Exchequer of 40_l._ a year. - - The duty and office of Norroy, or North Roy, that is North King, is - the same on the north of the Trent, as that of Clarenceux on the - south. - - The Kings of arms were formerly erected by the Sovereign with great - solemnity, upon some high festival; but since the ceremonies used at - the creation of Peers have been laid aside, the Kings of arms have - been created by the Earl Marshal, by virtue of the Sovereign’s - warrant: upon this occasion he takes his oath; wine is poured upon his - head out of a gilt cup, with a cover; his title is pronounced; and he - invested with a tabart of the royal arms, richly embroidered upon - velvet; a collar of SS. with two portcullises of silver gilt; a gold - chain, with a badge of his office, and the Earl Marshal places on his - head the crown of a King of arms, which formerly resembled a ducal - coronet; but since the restoration it has been adorned with leaves - resembling those of the oak, and circumscribed, according to ancient - custom, with the words, MISERERE MEI DEUS SECUNDUM MAGNAM - MISERICORDIAM TUAM. Garter has also a mantle of crimson sattin, as an - officer of the order; with a white rod or scepter with the Sovereign’s - arms on the top, which he bears in the presence of the Sovereign; and - he is sworn in a chapter of the Garter, the Sovereign investing him - with the ensigns of his office. - - The Kings of arms are distinguished from each other by their - respective badges, which they may wear at all times, either in a gold - chain or a ribbon, Garter’s being blue and the Provincials purple. - - The six Heralds are Windsor, Chester, Lancaster, York, Richmond, and - Somerset, who take place according to seniority in office. They are - created with the same ceremonies as the Kings, taking the oath of an - Herald, and are inverted with a tabart of the royal arms, embroidered - upon sattin, not so rich as the Kings, but better than the - Pursuivants, and a silver collar of SS. They are Esquires by creation, - and have a salary of 26_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_, and fees - according to their degree. - - The Kings and Heralds are sworn upon a sword as well as the book, to - shew that they are military, as well as civil officers. - - The four Pursuivants, who are, Rougecroix, Bluemantle, Rougedragon, - and Portcullis, are also created by the Earl Marshal, when they take - their oath of a Pursuivant, and are invested with a tabart of the - royal arms upon damask. They have a salary of 20_l._ a year, with fees - according to their degree. It is the duty of the Heralds and - Pursuivants, to attend in the public office, one of each class - together, by a monthly rotation. - - Besides these particular duties of the several classes, it is the - general duty both of the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, to attend - his Majesty at the house of Peers, and, upon certain high festivals, - to the chapel royal; to make proclamations; to marshal the proceedings - at all public processions; to attend the installation of the Knights - of the Garter, &c. - - All these officers have apartments in the college, annexed to their - respective offices. They have likewise a public hall, in which is a - court for the Earl Marshal, where courts of chivalry are occasionally - held, and the officers of arms attend in their tabarts, his Lordship - being present. Their public library contains a large and valuable - collection of original records of the pedigrees and arms of families, - funeral certificates of the nobility and gentry, public ceremonials, - and other branches of heraldry and antiquities; and there have been - few works published, relating to the history and antiquities of this - kingdom, in which the authors have not received some assistance from - this library, where attendance is daily given by two officers for the - public emolument. _Instructions communicated by Stephen Martin Leake, - Esq; Garter King of Arms, to Mr. Maitland._ - -HERBERT’S _grounds_, Bandyleg Walk.† - -HERBERT’S _passage_, Beaufort Buildings.† - -HERCULES PILLARS _alley_, Fleet street.* - -HERCULES _yard_, Turnmill street.* - -HERMITAGE _bridge_, Hermitage dock. - -HERMITAGE _court_, Red Maid lane, near the Hermitage. - -HERMITAGE, Dock side. There were formerly several hermitages on the - ground on which London now stands. - -HERMITAGE _stairs_, Wapping. - -HERMITAGE _street_, Wapping. - -HERMITAGE _yard_, Parish street. - -HERON’S _yard_, Marsham street.† - -HERTFORD’S _court_, Fenchurch street.† - -HESTON, a village in Middlesex, to the north west of Hounslow. - -HEWET’S _court_, in the Strand.† - -HEWEY _court_, near Halfmoon street, in the Strand.† - -HEYDON _court_, Heydon square.† - -HEYDON _passage_, Heydon square.† - -HEYDON _square_, on the east side of the Minories.† - -HEYDON _yard_, Heydon square.† - -HICKMAN’S _court_, Mill street.† - -HICK’S _court_, Shoreditch.† - -HICKS’S HALL, in St. John’s street, facing West Smithfield, is the - county hall in which the justices of Middlesex hold their sessions. - This is a very plain brick edifice with a portico at the entrance. It - was built by Sir Baptist Hicks, Viscount Campden, who was for some - time a mercer in Cheapside, and died in 1629, and from him it received - its name. _Stow._ - -HICKS’S _yard_, Angel alley, Little Moorfields.† - -HIDE PARK, is in a very fine situation to the west of the new buildings - of London, from which it extends to Kensington; it being encompassed - by a wall, and well stocked with deer. There is a place in it called - the _Ring_, which used formerly to be frequented by people of fashion - in their coaches. Mr. Misson, who published an account of his travels - over England, speaking of this _Ring_, which was then in vogue, says, - “The coaches drive round and round, and when they have turned for some - time round one way, they face about and turn t’other: so rolls the - world.” Here is a bason of water, formed to supply the above-mentioned - new buildings, and a fine serpentine river. There are several good - prospects from it. A magazine for gunpowder has been lately built in - this Park near the Ring. - -HIDE PARK _corner_, Piccadilly, by the corner of Hide Park. - -HIDE PARK _street_, Hide Park. - -HIDE _street_, Bloomsbury. - -HIDE’S _court_, 1. King street, Golden square.† 2. Noble street.† 3. - Hide’s rents, Chick lane.† - -HIGH HOLBORN, that part of Holborn beyond the bars, and out of the - liberties of the city. - -HIGH HOLBORN LIBERTY, which consists of that part without the bars, is - one of the two liberties in the county of Middlesex and hundred of - Osulston, belonging to the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn; though by - its separate government, (exclusive of that of the church) it acts in - all respects as if independent. _Maitland._ - -HIGH _street_, 1. Aldgate. 2. Coverlead’s fields. 3. St. Giles’s. - -HIGH TIMBER _street_, Broken Wharf. - -HIGHGATE, a large and populous village in Middlesex, a little above four - miles north of London, is so called from its high situation on the top - of a hill, and a gate erected there above 400 years ago, to receive - toll for the Bishop of London; upon an old miry road from Grays Inn - lane to Barnet, being turned through that Bishop’s park. The church, - which is a very old edifice, is a chapel of ease to Pancras and - Hornsey; and where it stands was formerly an hermitage; near which the - Lord Chief Baron Cholmondeley built and endowed a free school in 1562, - which was enlarged in the year 1570, by Edwin Sandys, Bishop of - London, and a chapel added to it. There are also here several - dissenting meeting houses. On the side next London, the fineness of - the prospect over the city, as far as Shooter’s hill, and below - Greenwich, has occasioned several handsome edifices to be built; - particularly a very fine house erected by the late Sir William - Ashurst. It is remarkable that most of the public houses in Highgate - have a large pair of horns placed over the sign; and that when any of - the country people stop for refreshment, a pair of large horns fixed - to the end of a staff, is brought to them, and they are earnestly - pressed to be sworn. If they consent, a kind of burlesque oath is - administered; that they will never eat brown bread when they can get - white; never kiss the maid when they can kiss the mistress; and - abundance of other things of the same kind, which they repeat after - the person who brings the horns, with one hand fixed upon them. This - ridiculous ceremony is altered according to the sex of the person who - is sworn; who is allowed to add to each article, except I like the - other better; the whole being over, he or she must kiss the horns, and - pay a shilling for the oath, to be spent among the company, to which - he or she belongs. - -HIGHGATE _road_, Tottenham court. - -HILLIARD’S _court_, Old Gravel lane.† - -HILLINGTON, or HILLINGDON, the name of two villages in Middlesex, - situated near each other, at a small distance from Uxbridge, and - distinguished by the epithets Great and Little. The church of Great - Hillington is a vicarage, to which the town of Uxbridge is a hamlet, - and here Meinhardt, late Duke of Schomberg had a seat; and Mr. - Chetwynd has one at Little Hillington. - -HILL’S _Almshouse_, in Rochester row, Tothill fields, was erected in the - year 1708, pursuant to the will of Emery Hill, Esq; for the use of six - poor men and their wives, and six poor widows. The former are allowed - 7_l._ 4_s._ and a chaldron of coals every year; and the latter 5_l._ - and a chaldron of coals _per annum_, and a gown every other year. - - The same gentleman erected an almshouse in Petty France, Westminster, - in the year 1677, for the reception of three men and their wives; but - left it to be endowed out of the surplusage of the above almshouse; - however it does not appear that there ever was any surplus. - _Maitland._ - -HILL’S _rents_, Helmet court, Butcher Row, near Temple Bar.† - -HILL’S _wharf_, Wapping Wall.† - -HILL’S _yard_, Shoreditch. - -HIND _court_, 1. Coleman street, Lothbury. 2. Drury lane. 3. Fleet - street. - -HIND’S _alley_, Maiden lane.† - -HIND’S _rents_, Maze Pond street.† - -HINTON’S _Almshouse_, in Plough alley, Barbican, was erected in the year - 1732,pursuant to the will of Alice Hinton, of Hackney, widow, who - bequeathed the sum of 2000_l._ for erecting and endowing an almshouse - for twelve poor widows of the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate; but - the building was only erected for six, occasioned, it is said, by the - loss of effects at sea, and 700_l._ by African stock. Each widow has, - however, two neat rooms, and the house is endowed with 22_l._ _per - annum_, arising from ground rent. _Maitland._ - -HITCHCOCK’S _yard_, Newington Causeway.† - -HOAR’S _yard_, Bishopsgate street.† - -HOBBIN’S _court_, Long lane, Southwark.† - -HOBB’S _rents_, Marigold street.† - -HOCKENHUIL’S _court_, Black Eagle street, Spitalfields.† - -HOCKLEY _in the Hole_, near Clerkenwell. - -HODDESDON, a hamlet situated on the river Lea, in the parish of Amswell - and Brocksbourn in Hertfordshire, nineteen miles from London. Queen - Elizabeth granted a grammar school to be kept here, and an almshouse - was founded in the reign of King Henry VI. by Richard Rich, Sheriff of - London. It is a great thoroughfare on the north road, and has a market - on Thursday, and fair eleven days after St. Peter’s. - -HODGE’S _rents_, Nightingale lane.† - -HOG _alley_, East Smithfield.* - -HOG ISLAND, Liquorpond street. - -HOG _land_, 1. St. Giles’s Pound.* 2. Norton Falgate.* - -HOG _yard_, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Flemish church yard.* 3. Kent - street.* 4. Liquorpond street. 5. Tothill street.* 6. White’s yard, - Rosemary lane.* - -HOLAND’S _court_, Back alley, Wapping.† - -HOLAND’S LEGURE, near Green walk.† - -HOLAND’S LEGURE _walk_, Green walk.† - -HOLAND _street_, 1. Black Friars. 2. Great Wardour street. - -HOLBORN, extends from the bottom of Snow hill to Broad St. Giles’s. This - street was anciently a village called Oldborne, built on the bank of a - brook or borne called Olborne, or Holbourn, that sprung up near Middle - row, and flowed down the hill in a clear current, till it fell into - the river of Wells at Holborn bridge. Along this rivulet the village - gradually extended itself west ward, and communicated its name to this - long and spacious street, afterwards built upon the same spot. This - brook now runs the same course along the common sewer. Holborn was - first paved from the bridge to the bars in the year 1535. - -HOLBORN _bars_, near the end of Gray’s Inn lane, where the liberties of - the city end on that side. - -HOLBORN _bridge_, a bridge erected over Fleet ditch, at the bottom of - Holborn hill, where the river of Wells, also called Turnmill brook, - fell into it. - -HOLBORN _court_, the first court in Gray’s Inn, on passing through the - gate out of Holborn. - -HOLBORN _hill_, the descent at the east end of Holborn. - -HOLBORN _row_, Lincoln’s Inn fields. - -HOLDEN, or _Nonsuch court_, Gracechurch street.† - -HOLDING _street_, Rotherhith. - -HOLE IN THE WALL, Little Russel street.* - -HOLE IN THE WALL _yard_, Goddard’s rents.* - -HOLFORD _alley_, Drury lane.† - -HOLFORD _court_, Fenchurch street.† - -HOLFORD’S _walk_, Fore street, Lambeth.† - -HOLIDAY’S _court_, 1. Blue Anchor alley.† 2. Narrow Wall.† - -HOLIDAY’S _yard_, Creed lane.† - -HOLIWELL, a fine spring, now choaked up with soil and a hill of rubbish - called Holiwell Mount, near Shoreditch. This spring, in the times of - popery, was famed for its miraculous virtues, and thence obtained the - name of _Holy_. - - A little to the south of this well, but within its precinct, stood an - ancient priory of Benedictine nuns, which after many repairs, was - rebuilt by Sir Thomas Lovel, Knight of the Garter, in the reigns of - Henry VII. and VIII. who also gave to this priory a considerable - benefaction in land, and was here buried in a chapel which he himself - had erected. In commemoration of this benefactor, the following lines - were curiously painted in most of the glass windows: - - _All the nunnes in Holiwell, - Pray for the soul of Thomas Lovel._ - - This priory, at the general suppression of monasteries, was - surrendered to Henry VIII. in the year 1539, and its ruins are still - to be seen in St. John’s court in Holiwell lane: the populace unjustly - consider these as the remains of St. John’s palace, tho’ it does not - appear that ever any royal mansion was in this neighbourhood. - -HOLIWELL _court_, 1. Holiwell lane, Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s. - -HOLIWELL _lane_, 1. Shoreditch. 2. St. Catharine’s, Tower hill. - -HOLIWELL _mount_, Holiwell lane, Shoreditch. - -HOLIWELL _row_, Horseshoe alley, Shoreditch. - -HOLIWELL _street_, 1. Shoreditch. 2. In the Strand; so called from its - neighbourhood to St. Clement’s well. - -HOLLAND HOUSE, a little beyond Kensington, is a fine old large Gothic - structure built of brick, very pleasantly situated on a rising ground, - and is at present the seat of the right Hon. Henry Fox. The celebrated - Mr. Addison, who married the Countess of Warwick, lived in this house. - -HOLLES’S _Almshouse_, in Great St. Helen’s, near Bishopsgate street, was - founded by the Lady Holles, relict of Sir William Holles, Lord Mayor - of London, in the year 1539, for six poor men or women, and endowed - with 10_l._ a year, out of which each person was to receive 7_d._ a - week, and the surplus to be laid out in coals for their use. - - As an addition to this foundation, Alice Smith of London, widow, - devised lands to the value of 15_l._ a year; which, with the above - mentioned, being greatly increased in their revenues, the company of - Skinners, who are the trustees, have rebuilt the house in a handsome - manner, and augmented the pensions of the poor. _Maitland._ - -HOLLIS _street_, 1. Clare market.† 2. Oxford street.† - -_The_ HOLLOW, near Brick lane. - -HOLLOWAY _court_, Nevil’s court, Rosemary lane. - -HOLLYBUSH _court_, St. Clement’s, Temple Bar.* - -HOLMAN’S _alley_, Bunhill row.† - -HOLYWELL. See HOLIWELL. - -HOMERTON, a hamlet belonging to Hackney. - -HONESTY’S _square_, Chick lane. - -HONESTY’S _yard_, St. James’s court, Chick lane. - -HONEY _court yard_, Ailesbury street. - -HONEY _lane_, Cheapside. - -HONEY _lane market_, behind the north side of Cheapside, facing Bow - church. After the fire of London, Honey lane, and other buildings, - were converted into this market, among which was the parish church of - Allhallows Honey lane. It is the smallest market in the city, being - but 193 feet in length from east to west, and 97 from north to south. - In the middle is a market house, which stands on pillars, has rooms - over it, and is crowned with a bell tower. In this market there are - 135 standing stalls for butchers covered over, and also several stalls - for fruiterers; the passages into it are inhabited by fishmongers, - poulterers, &c. It is famous for the goodness of the provisions sold - there, with which it is well supplied on Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, - and Saturdays. - -HONEYSUCKLE _court_, Grub street, Fore street.* - -HOOKER’S _court_, St. Nicholas lane.* - -HOOKE’S HOLE _yard_, Upper Ground street.* - -HOOP _alley_, 1. Old street.* 2. Portpool lane.* - -HOOP _yard_, 1. Little Swan alley.* 2. New Fish street hill.* 3. In the - Strand.* - -HOOPER’S _square_, Goodman’s fields.† - -HOOPER’S _yard_, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.† 2. Tooley street.† - -HOP _garden_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross. - -HOPKIN’S _rents_, Crown alley, Tooley street.† - -HOPKIN’S _row_, near Petty France, Westminster.† - -HOPKIN’S _street_, Broad street, Poland street.† - -HOPTON’S _Almshouse_, in the parish of Christ Church, Surry, was founded - by Charles Hopton, Esq; for twenty-six poor men, who have been - housekeepers and come to decay, each of whom has an upper and lower - room, with 10_l._ a year paid monthly, and a chaldron of coals. The - building is handsome, neat, and spacious. The founder died in the year - 1730, and the poor men were first admitted two years after by the - minister and two churchwardens of that parish, and ten other - gentlemen, who are trustees for the management of this charity. - -HOPTON _street_, Berwick street.† - -HORN _alley_, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Liquorpond street.* 3. Tower - street, Tower hill.* - -HORN _court_, 1. Basing lane.* 2. Beer lane, Tower street, near Tower - hill.* 3. Peter street, Westminster.* - -HORN TAVERN _court_, St. Margaret’s lane.* - -HORN _yard_, Goodman’s fields.* - -HORNCHURCH, a town near Rumford in Essex, was formerly called Horn - Monastery from a large pair of leaden horns; which, according to - tradition, were placed there by a certain King, who disliking its - former name Hore Church, so called from its being built by a whore, in - order to attone for her sins, altered its name by setting up the - horns. - -HORNERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King - Charles I. in the year 1638. They are governed by a Master, two - Wardens, and nine Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall. - - In the reign of Henry IV. this company was greatly reduced, by the - almost general exportation of horns; when applying to parliament in - the year 1465, it was enacted, that from thenceforward no other horns - should be exported, but such as were refused by the horners of this - city and kingdom, on the penalty of forfeiture: and for the more - effectual execution of this law, the Wardens of the company of Horners - of this city were impowered to search for all such goods and - merchandize, both wrought and unwrought, not only within this city and - 20 miles round, but in the fairs of Sturbridge and Ely, and all such - goods as were found bad and unmarketable were to be forfeited. - _Maitland._ - -HORNSEY, a village in Middlesex, five miles from London. About a mile - nearer this, is a coppice of young trees, called _Hornsey Wood_, at - the entrance of which is a genteel public house, to which great - numbers of persons resort from the city. This house being situated on - the top of a hill, affords a delightful prospect of the neighbouring - country. - -HORNS _yard_, 1. Cloth fair, East Smithfield.* 2. Kent street.* 3. Peter - street, Westster. 4. Stony street.* 5. Whitechapel.* - -_Master of the_ HORSE. See the article MASTER OF THE HORSE. - -HORSE AND GROOM _yard_, Wood street, Westminster.* - -HORSE AND TRUMPET _yard_, Poor Jewry lane, Aldgate. - -HORSE GUARDS, a noble modern edifice opposite to the Banquetting-house, - Whitehall. It consists of a center and two wings, and has an air of - solidity perfectly agreeable to the nature of the building. It - receives its name from the horse guards, who while the King is at St. - James’s are here on duty, two at a time being constantly mounted and - completely armed, under two handsome slope porches detached from the - building, and erected to shelter them from the weather. This structure - is equally calculated for the use of the foot as well as the horse on - duty. - - In the center of this edifice is an arched passage into St. James’s - Park, and the building over this has a pediment, in which are the - King’s arms in bass relief. But this arch, as it is the passage of his - Majesty to and from the house of Peers, should have been more lofty - and noble. At each extreme of this center is a pavilion. But the - cupola, which is not seen in the view represented in the plate of the - Treasury, has but little to recommend it. The middle face of the - cupola presents a dial; and the aperture in the lower part of this, - and on the several stages of the other, are well calculated to break - the plainness, without weakening the building, either in reality or - appearance. The wings are plainer than the center. They each consist - of a fore front, projecting a little, with ornamented windows in the - principal story, and a plain one in the sides. Each has its pediment, - with a circular window in the center: and the whole has a proper air - of strength and plainness. - -HORSE _walk_, Windmill hill, Moorfields. - -HORSE AND CART _yard_, St. John’s street. - -HORSEFERRY _bank_, Millbank, Westminster. - -HORSEFERRY _lane_, Fore street, Lambeth. - -HORSEFERRY _road_, Tothill fields. - -HORSELYDOWN, Tooley street. All the tract called Horselydown, including - the streets, square and lane of the same name, was originally a - grazing ground, whence it was denominated _Horse Down_, which by - corruption was changed to _Horselydown_. _Stow, last edit._ - -HORSELYDOWN _fair street_, near Free school street. - -HORSELYDOWN _Old lane_, Horselydown. - -HORSELYDOWN _square_, Shad Thames. - -HORSELYDOWN _stairs_, Horselydown. - -HORSELYDOWN _street_, St. Olave’s, Southwark. - -HORSEMONGER _lane_, near Blackman street. - -HORSESHOE _alley_, 1. Anchor street.* 2. Bank side, Southwark.* 3. - Bunhill row.* 4. Fashion street.* 5. Golden lane.* 6. Maiden lane.* 7. - Moorfields.* 8. Petticoat lane. 9. Petty France. 10. Thread-needle - street.* 11. Whitechapel.* - -HORSESHOE ALLEY _stairs_, Bank side.* - -HORSESHOE _court_, 1. Bridge yard, Tooley street.* 2. Clement’s lane, - near Temple Bar.* 3. Cock lane, West Smithfield.* 4. Fashion street.* - 5. Giltspur street, without Newgate.* 6. Old street.* 7. Peter street, - Hicks’s hall.* 8. Seething lane.* - -HORSESHOE _passage_, Blowbladder street.* - -HORSESHOE _yard_, 1. Brook street.* 2. Old Gravel lane.* - -HOSIER _lane_, West Smithfield; so called from its being formerly - inhabited by the hosiers. _Stow._ - -HOSKIN’S _court_, Hartshorn lane, in the Strand.† - -HOSPITAL _passage_, leading from Christ’s hospital into Butcherhall - lane.* - -HOSPITAL _walk_, Hoxton. - -HOUGHTON _street_, Clare market.† - -HOTWATER _alley_, Paris Garden lane. - -HOVEL, Hog lane, Norton Falgate. - -HOUNDSDITCH, extends from Bishopsgate street without to Aldgate street - within, and runs along the outside of the city wall. Here was formerly - the city moat, which obtained the name of Houndsditch, from the number - of dead dogs flung into it; and this ditch being filled up, the street - built upon it obtained the same name. _Maitland._ - -HOUNSLOW, a village 12 miles north of London, on the edge of the heath - of the same name, which is equally famous for horse-races and - robberies. There are here a chapel and a charity school. The village - belongs to two parishes, the north side of the street to Hefton, and - the south to Isleworth. In this place was formerly a convent of - mendicant friars, who by their institution were to beg alms for the - ransom of captives taken by the infidels. On its dissolution by King - Henry VIII. that Prince gave it to the Lord Windsor, and it was - afterwards purchased by Mr. Auditor Roan. - -HOUSEWIFE _alley_, Old Bethlem. - -_Master of the_ HOUSHOLD. See the article MASTER OF THE HOUSHOLD. - -HOWARD _street_, Norfolk street. Lord Arundel’s house stood there, and - from thence both Arundel and Norfolk street had their names. - -HOWARD’S _alley_, 1. Angel alley.† 2. Back street, Lambeth.† 3. - Clerkenwell close.† - -HOWARD’S CAUSEWAY _alley_, Narrow Wall.† - -HOWFORD’S _court_, 1. Fenchurch street.† St. Nicholas lane, Lombard - street.† - -HOXTON, near Shoreditch. This was for many ages a village, and in the - Conqueror’s Survey is named _Hocheston_: but by the increase of - buildings it has been for some time past joined to this metropolis. - -HOXTON _market_, Hoxton. - -HOXTON _road_, Hoxton. - -HOXTON _square_, Hoxton. - -HOYLE’S _court_, Noble street, Foster lane.† - -HUBBART’S _rents_, Houndsditch.† - -HUBBART’S _yard_, Brown’s lane.† - -HUCKER’S _court_, St. Nicholas lane.† - -HUDSON’S BAY _Company_. Though the extensive countries to which this - Company trade, were discovered by Sir Sebastian Cabot, in the year - 1497, yet this commerce does not seem to have been fully settled till - after the year 1670, at which time King Charles II. by his letters - patent incorporated the adventurers by the title of _The Governor and - Company of the Adventurers of England trading into Hudson’s Bay_, and - granted them and their successors for ever, all the streights, bays, - seas, rivers, lakes, creeks, islands, shores, lands, territories and - places whatsoever, within Hudson’s Streights and Hudson’s Bay. - - This Company carry on a considerable trade to the above places by a - joint stock, and have settled several small factories, to which the - natives repair with their rich furs, skins, and other commodities of - the country, which they exchange for those of England. - - This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy - Governor, and seven Assistants, who have a hall which stands backward - in the south side of Fenchurch street. This is a very fine brick - building, adorned with pilasters, architraves, &c. _Maitland._ - -HUDSON’S _court_, 1. Tower hill.† 2. Vine street, Little Chandos - street.† - -HUET’S _court_, in the Strand.† - -HUET’S _rents_, Grub street, Fore street.† - -HUGGEN _alley_, 1. Wood street, Cheapside. 2. Huggen lane. - -HUGGEN _lane_, Thames street. - -HUGH’S _court_, Water lane, Black Friars.† - -HULBERT’S _Almshouse_, a very handsome building contiguous to St. - Peter’s hospital at Newington Butts. See FISHMONGERS _Almshouse_. - -HUMFREY’S _alley_, Shoreditch.† - -HUNGERFORD _market_, near the west end of the Strand, and at a small - distance from the Thames. In this place was anciently a large house, - with a garden, the seat of Sir Edward Hungerford, which he converted - into buildings. There is here a good market house, and over it a - French church: but the market house turns to little account, - notwithstanding its convenient situation for the gardeners to land - their greens, &c. at the stairs. - -HUNGERFORD _stairs_, Hungerford market.† - -HUNGERFORD STAIRS _passage_, Hungerford market.† - -HUNGERFORD _street_, in the Strand, leading to the market.† - -_Common_ HUNT. See COMMON. - -HUNT’S _court_, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields.† 2. Hunt’s street.† - 3. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.† - -HUNT’S _rents_, Goswell street.† - -HUNT’S _street_, Spicer’s street.† - -HUNT’S _wharf_, near Thames street.† - -HURST’S _gardens_, St. George’s fields.† - -HUSBAND’S _street_, 1. Near Berwick street.† 2. By Knave’s acre.† - -HUSSEY’S _alley_. Wood street.† - -HUTCHINSON’S _wharf_, Milford lane.† - -HYDON _square_, near the east end of the Minories.† - -HYDON _square court_, Hydon square.† - -HYDON _yard_, leading from the Minories to Hydon square.† - - -[Illustration] - - - - - I J. - - -JACK ADAMS’S _alley_, Saffron hill. - -JACK _alley_, Bow lane. - -JACKANAPES _row_, Cheapside. - -JACKSON’S _alley_, Bow street, Covent garden.† - -JACKSON’S _Almshouse_, in College yard, Deadman’s Place, Southwark, was - founded in the year 1685, by Mr. Henry Jackson, for two poor women, - who have each an allowance of 1_s._ 8_d._ per week. - -JACKSON’S _court_, 1. Black Friars.† 2. Gravel lane.† 3. White street.† - -JACKSON’S _yard_, Gravel lane.† - -JACK STRAW’S CASTLE _yard_, Saltpetre Bank. - -JACOB’S _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.† 2. Goswell street.† 3. Turnmill - street.† - -JACOB’S _court_, 1. Cow Cross.† 2. Peter street, Turnmill street.† - -JACOB’S _street_, Mill street, Rotherhith.† - -JACOB’S WELL _alley_, 1. Nightingale lane.* 2. Thames street.* - -JACOB’S WELL _yard_, Nightingale lane.* - -JAMAICA _street_, Rotherhith. - -_St._ JAMES’S _Clerkenwell_, situated on the north side of Clerkenwell - Green, is a part of the church of the ancient priory; and is thus - denominated from its dedication to St. James the Minor, Bishop of - Jerusalem. This priory was founded so early as the year 1100, and the - church belonging to it not only served the nuns but the neighbouring - inhabitants. The priory was dissolved by King Henry VIII. in the year - 1539, and the church was immediately made parochial. See CLERKENWELL. - - The steeple of this edifice being greatly decayed by age, a part of it - fell down in the year 1623, upon which the parish contracted with a - person to rebuild it; but the builder being desirous of getting as - much as possible by the job, raised the new work upon the old - foundation, and carried it on with the utmost expedition; but before - it was entirely finished, it fell down, and destroyed part of the - church, which were both soon after rebuilt, as they are at present. - - This church is a very heavy structure, partly Gothic, which was the - original form, and partly Tuscan. The body, though it has not the - least appearance of elegance, is well enlightened, and the steeple - consists of a low heavy tower crowned with a turret. - - The church is a curacy in the gift of the parishioners. - -_St._ JAMES’S _Duke’s Place_, near Aldgate, is a very old church, it - having escaped the great conflagration in 1666, that was destructive, - to so many others, and still remains in its original form. The body is - well enlightened, and the tower, which is composed of four stages, is - terminated by a very singular kind of turret in the form of a canopy. - - This church is a curacy, the patronage of which being in the Lord - Mayor and Commonalty of London, the parish claims a right of exemption - from the Bishop of London’s jurisdiction, in matters ecclesiastical. - The Incumbent receives about 60_l._ a year by tithes, and 13_l._ a - year from the Chamber of London. _Maitland._ - -_St._ JAMES’S _Garlickhith_, is situated at the east end of Garlic Hill, - and is thus denominated from its dedication to St. James one of the - apostles, and its vicinity to a garlic market anciently held in this - neighbourhood. This church being destroyed by the fire of London, the - foundation of the present edifice was laid in the year 1676, and the - church was finished in 1682. _Stow._ - - This church, which, as well as both the former, is built of stone, is - well enlightened, and is seventy-five feet in length, and forty-five - in breadth; the roof is forty feet high, and the steeple ninety-eight - feet. The tower is divided into three stages; in the lowest is a very - elegant door, with coupled columns of the Corinthian order: in the - second stage is a pretty large window, and over it the form of a - circular one not opened: over this, in the third story, is another - window larger than any of the former, and the cornice above this - supports a range of open work in the place of battlements, or a - balustrade. From hence rises the turret, which is composed of four - stages, and decorated with columns, scrolls, and other ornaments. The - parts are all regular, and even elegant, but the whole is too massy. - _English Architecture._ - - This church is a rectory, the patronage of which is in the Bishop of - London. The Rector receives 100_l._ _per annum_, in lieu of tithes. - -_St._ JAMES’S _Westminster_, by St. James’s square, is one of the - churches that owes its rise to the increase of buildings and - inhabitants; for the church of St. Martin’s in the Fields being too - small for the inhabitants, and too remote from those in this quarter, - the Earl of St. Alban’s, with other persons of distinction in that - neighbourhood, erected this edifice at the expence of about 7000_l._ - It was built in the reign of King Charles II. and tho’ a large fabric, - was considered as a chapel of ease to St. Martin’s; but being - consecrated in 1684, it was dedicated to St. James, in compliment to - the name of the Duke of York, and the next year, when that Prince had - ascended the throne, the district for which it was built, was by act - of parliament separated from St. Martin’s, and made a distinct parish. - - The walls are brick, supported by rustic quoins of stone; and the - windows, which are large, are also cased with stone. The tower at the - east end, rises regularly from the ground to a considerable height, - and is crowned with a neat, well constructed spire. - - This church is a rectory, in the patronage of the Bishop of London. - _Maitland._ _Stow._ _English Architecture._ - -JAMES _court_, 1. Berry street, Piccadilly. 2. James street, - Featherstone street. 3. James street, Theobald’s row. - -_St._ JAMES’S _Market_, by Market street, is a place of considerable - extent, with a commodious market house in the middle, filled with - butchers shops, &c. The stalls in the market place are for country - butchers, higlers, &c. - -[Illustration: - - _S^t. James’s Palace, view’d from Pall Mall._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - - -[Illustration: - - _The Same from the Park._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - - - _St._ JAMES’S _Palace_. On the place where this edifice stands, was - once an hospital dedicated to St. James, originally founded by the - citizens of London for only fourteen maids afflicted with the leprosy, - who were to live a chaste and devout life; but afterwards new - donations increased the extent of the charity, and eight brethren were - added, to minister divine service. This hospital, which is mentioned - in a manuscript of the Cotton library, so early as in the year 1100, - was at length suppressed by King Henry VIII. who allowed the sisters - pensions during the term of their lives, and taking down the edifice - built a palace in its room, which retained the name of the hospital, - and is still standing. In this edifice our Kings have resided ever - since Whitehall was consumed by fire in 1697, and his Majesty usually - resides here during the winter season: but though it is pleasantly - situated on the north side of the Park, and has very convenient, and - not inelegant apartments, it is an irregular brick building, without - having one single beauty on the outside to recommend it, and is at - once the contempt of foreign nations, and the disgrace of our own. In - the front next St. James’s street, there appears little more than an - old gatehouse; and on passing through the gate we enter a little - square court, with a piazza on the west side of it leading to the - grand stair case; the buildings are low, plain, and mean; and there - are two other courts beyond, which have not much of the air of a - palace. The windows however look into a pleasant garden, and command a - view of St. James’s Park, which seem to be the only advantage this - edifice enjoys, above many others devoted to charity. This palace - claims a print, as it is the dwelling of a British Monarch, having - otherwise not the least beauty to recommend it. The print shews both - sides of it. - - In other kingdoms the attention of foreigners is first struck with the - magnificent residence of the Sovereign, on which all the decorations - of architecture are lavished without the least regard to expence. The - outside is grand and noble; and the galleries and apartments are - adorned with all the boasted pieces of art, the finest efforts of - genius, and the most rare and precious productions of nature: for the - magnificence of the palace is intended to give an idea of the power - and riches of the kingdom: but if the power, wealth and strength of - the King of England should be judged from this palace, how great would - be the mistake! We are however in no want of a design for an edifice - suitable to the dignity of the British Crown; the celebrated Inigo - Jones drew a draught of such a structure; but the ideas of that - architect were greater than the spirit of the public, and the expence - of building it has hitherto prevented its being begun: but as a taste - for elegance in building gains ground, and new schemes are continually - laid for building magnificent bridges, streets and squares, it is to - be hoped that the erecting of so necessary a structure will not be - much longer neglected: especially if it be considered, that however - great the expence may be, it will cost the nation nothing, for on - these occasions, what is given by the people is paid to the people. - -_St._ JAMES’S PARK, was in the reign of Henry VIII. a wild wet field; - but that Prince, on his building St. James’s palace, inclosed it, laid - it out in walks, and collecting the waters together, gave to the new - inclosed ground, and new raised building, the name of St. James. It - was afterwards much enlarged and improved by King Charles II. who - added to it several fields, planted it with rows of lime trees, laid - out the Mall, which is a vista half a mile in length, and formed the - canal, which is an hundred feet broad, and two thousand eight hundred - feet long, with a decoy, and other ponds for water fowl. Succeeding - Kings allowed the people the privilege of walking in it, and King - William III. in 1699 granted the neighbouring inhabitants a passage - into it out of Spring Garden. - - It is certain that the Park enjoys a fine situation, and is laid out - with a very agreeable air of negligence. It affords many pleasant - walks, diversified by new scenes, varied by different rural prospects, - and the view of distant structures on the west side. - -_St._ JAMES’S _Place_, St. James’s street. - -JAMES’S _rents_, Hermitage dock.† - -JAMES’S _rope-walk_, 1. Red Maid lane.† 2. North of Bedford row. - -_St._ JAMES’S _square_, is very large and beautiful; the area on the - inside is encompassed with iron rails which form an octagon, and in - the center is a fine circular bason of water. On the north side of the - square is St. James’s church, in a very fine situation with respect to - the prospect, and had it been an elegant structure, would have had a - very noble effect. An ingenious author observes, that though this - square appears extremely grand, yet this grandeur does not arise from - the magnificence of the houses; but only from their regularity, the - neatness of the pavement, and the beauty of the bason in the middle: - and that if the houses were built more in taste, and the four sides - exactly correspondent to each other, the effect would be much more - surprising, and the pleasure arising from it more just. - -_St._ JAMES’S _street_, Pall Mall. - -JAMES _street_, 1. Brook’s street, New Bond street.† 2. Bunhill fields.† - 3. Covent garden.† 4. Golden square.† 5. Hare street.† 6. Hay market.† - 7. Hoxton.† 8. Long Acre.† 9, Near Theobald’s row.† 10. Petty France, - Westminster.† - -JANE _alley_, Blackman street. - -JANE SHORE’S _alley_, Shoreditch. See SHOREDITCH. - -JANE SHORE’S _yard_, Shoreditch. - -JASPER _street_, Aldermanbury.† - -IDLESTRY, a village in Hertfordshire, situated on the very edge of - Middlesex, near Brockley hill, by Stanmore, which affords a delightful - prospect across Middlesex over the Thames into Surry. - -IDOL or IDLE _lane_, Tower street. - -JEFFERIES’S _Almshouse_, a large and handsome building, situated in - Kingsland road. It consists of a spacious front, with two wings, and a - chapel in the center, which has a plain frontispiece, and is crowned - with a well-proportioned turret. It was erected in the year 1713, by - the Ironmongers company, pursuant to the will of Mr. Robert Jefferies, - some time Lord Mayor of this city, for the reception of as many of his - relations as should apply for this charity; and in case there were - none of these, for fifty-six poor members of the company, who, besides - a convenient room and part of a cellar, have each 6_l._ a year and a - gown. _Maitland._ - -JEFFREY’S _buildings_, Westminster.† - -JEFFREY’S _square_, St. Mary Ax.† - -JENKIN’S _buildings_, Carey street.† - -JENKIN’S _court_, Ropemakers fields.† - -JERICHO _yard_, Jerusalem alley. - -JERMAIN _court_, Jermain street.† - -JERMAIN _street_, Near Piccadilly. This street and court were thus named - from the Lord Jermine, nephew to the Earl of St. Alban’s. - -JERUSALEM _alley_, Gracechurch street. - -JERUSALEM _court_, 1. St. John’s street, West Smithfield. See _St._ - JOHN’S SQUARE. 2. Shad Thames, Horselydown. - -JERUSALEM _passage_, Ailesbury street, St. John’s street. - -JERUSALEM _row_, Church street, Hackney. - -JESUITS _ground_, Savoy. - -JEWEL OFFICE, in the Tower, a dark strong stone room, about twenty yards - to the eastward of the grand storehouse or new armoury, in which the - Crown jewels are deposited. It is not certain whether they were always - kept here, though they have been deposited in the Tower from very - ancient times, and we have sufficient proof of their being in that - fortress so early as the reign of King Henry III. - - The jewels at this time shewn to all who chuse to give a shilling for - seeing them, or eighteen pence for a company, are: - - I. The imperial crown, with which it is pretended that all the Kings - of England have been crowned since Edward the Confessor, in 1042. It - is of gold, enriched with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, saphires and - pearls: the cap within is of purple velvet, lined with white taffety, - turned up with three rows of ermine. They are however mistaken in - shewing this as the ancient imperial diadem of St. Edward; for that, - with the other most ancient regalia of this kingdom, was kept in the - arched room in the cloisters in Westminster Abbey, till the grand - rebellion; when in 1642, Harry Martin, by order of the parliament, - broke open the iron chest in which it was secured, took it thence, and - sold it, together with the robes, sword, and scepter of St. Edward. - However after the restoration, King Charles II. had one made in - imitation of it, which is that now shewn. - - II. The golden orb or globe put into the King’s right hand before he - is crowned; and borne in his left with the scepter in his right, upon - his return into Westminster Hall, after he is crowned. It is about six - inches in diameter, edged with pearl, and enriched with precious - stones. On the top is an amethyst, of a violet colour, near an inch - and a half in height, set with a rich cross of gold, adorned with - diamonds, pearls, and precious stones. The whole height of the ball - and cup is eleven inches. - - III. The golden scepter, with its cross set upon a large amethyst of - great value, garnished round with table diamonds. The handle of the - scepter is plain; but the pummel is set round with rubies, emeralds, - and small diamonds. The top rises into a _fleur de lis_ of six leaves, - all enriched with precious stones, from whence issues a mound or ball - made of the amethyst already mentioned. The cross is quite covered - with precious stones. - - IV. The scepter with the dove, the emblem of peace, perched on the top - of a small Jerusalem cross, finely ornamented with table diamonds and - jewels of great value. This emblem was first used by Edward the - Confessor, as appears by his seal; but the ancient scepter and dove - was sold with the rest of the regalia, and this now in the Tower was - made after the restoration. - - V. St. Edward’s staff, four feet seven inches and a half in length, - and three inches three quarters in circumference, all of beaten gold, - which is carried before the King at his coronation. - - VI. The rich crown of state worn by his Majesty in parliament; in - which is a large emerald seven inches round; a pearl esteemed the - finest in the world, and a ruby of inestimable value. - - VII. The crown belonging to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. - - These two last crowns, when his Majesty goes in state to the - parliament house, are carried by the keeper of the Jewel Office, - attended by the warders, privately in a hackney coach to Whitehall, - where they are delivered to the officers appointed to receive them, - who with some yeomen of the guard carry them to the robing rooms - adjoining to the house of Lords, where his Majesty and the Prince of - Wales put on their robes. The King wears this crown on his head while - he sits upon the throne; but that of the Prince of Wales is placed - before him, to shew that he is not yet come to it. As soon as the King - is disrobed, the two crowns are carried back to the Tower by the - persons who brought them from thence, and again locked up in the jewel - office. - - VIII. The late Queen Mary’s crown, globe and scepter, with the diadem - she wore at her coronation with her consort King William III. - - IX. An ivory scepter with a dove on the top, made for the late King - James the second’s Queen, whose garniture is gold, and the dove on the - top gold, enamelled with white. - - X. The _curtana_, or sword of mercy, which has a blade thirty two - inches long, and near two broad, is without a point, and is borne - naked before the King at his coronation, between the two swords of - justice, spiritual and temporal. - - XI. The golden spurs, and the armillas, which are bracelets for the - wrists. These, tho’ very antique, are worn at the coronation. - - XII. The _ampulla_ or eagle of gold, finely engraved, which holds the - holy oil the Kings and Queens of England are anointed with; and the - golden spoon that the Bishop pours the oil into. These are two pieces - of great antiquity. The golden eagle, including the pedestal, is about - nine inches high, and the wings expand about seven inches. The whole - weighs about ten ounces. The head of the eagle screws off about the - middle of the neck, which is made hollow, for holding the holy oil; - and when the King is anointed by the Bishop, the oil is poured into - the spoon out of the bird’s bill. - - The following legend is told of this eagle. Thomas Becket being in - disgrace at Sens in France, the holy Virgin appeared to him, and gave - him a stone vessel of oil inclosed in a golden eagle, and bid him give - it to William a monk, to carry to Pictavia, and there hide it under a - great stone, in St. Gregory’s church, where it should be found for the - use of pious and prosperous Kings: accordingly Henry III. when Duke of - Lancaster, received it from a holy man in France; and Richard II. - finding it among other jewels, endeavoured to be anointed with it; but - was supplanted by Archibald Arundel, who afterwards anointed Henry IV. - Such is the fabulous history of the _ampulla_. - - XIII. A rich salt-seller of state, in form like the square white - tower, and so exquisitely wrought that the workmanship of modern times - is in no degree equal to it. It is of gold, and used only on the - King’s table at the coronation. - - XIV. A noble silver font, double gilt, and elegantly wrought, in which - the royal family are christened. - - XV. A large silver fountain, presented to King Charles II. by the town - of Plymouth, very curiously wrought; but much inferior in beauty to - the above. - - Besides these, which are commonly shewn, there are in the jewel office - all the crown jewels worn by the Prince and Princesses at coronations, - and a vast variety of curious old plate. - - This office is governed by a Master, who has 450_l._ a year patent - fees; two yeomen, who have 106_l._ 15_s._ _per annum_ each; a groom, - who has 105_l._ 8_s._ 4_d._ a year, and a clerk. - -JEWIN _street_, Aldersgate street.† - -JEWS HARP _court_, Angel alley, Bishopsgate street.* - -JEWS _row_, Chelsea. - -JEYE’S _yard_, Three Colts street, Limehouse.† - -INDEPENDENTS, a set of dissenters from the church of England, received - their name from each congregation being entirely independent with - respect to church government. They are Calvinists, and like the - Baptists receive the sacrament in the afternoon; none are admitted to - communion till after having given in a paper containing an account of - their conversion, religious experiences, &c. Their places of worship - within the bills of mortality, are, 1. Berry street, St. Mary Ax. 2. - Boar’s Head yard, Petticoat lane. 3. Brick Hill lane, Thames street. - 4. Broad street, near Old Gravel lane. 5. Coachmakers hall, Noble - street. _Antinomian._ 6. Collier’s rents, White street. 7. Court yard, - Barnaby street, Southwark. 8. Crispin street, Spitalfields. 9. - Deadman’s Place, Southwark. 10. Hare court, Aldersgate street. 11. - Jewin street, Aldersgate street. 12. Lower street, Islington, two - meeting houses. 13. Mare street, Hackney. 14. New Broad street, - Moorfields. 15. New court, Carey street. 16. Old Artillery Ground, - Spitalfields. 17. Orchard, Wapping. 18. Paved alley, Lime street. 19. - Pavement row, Moorfields. 20. Pinner’s hall, Broad street, in the - morning, the only Independent congregation that is not Calvinist. 21. - Queen street, Ratcliff. 22. Queen street, Rotherhith. 23. Redcross - street, Barbican. 24. Ropemakers alley, Little Moorfields. 25. St. - Michael’s lane, Canon street. 26. St. Saviour’s Dockhead, Southwark. - 27. Staining lane, Maiden lane. 28. Stepney fields. 29. Turner’s hall, - Philpot lane. 30. White Horn yard, Duke’s Place. 31. Zoar street, - Southwark. - -INGATSTONE or ENGERSTONE, a town in Essex, twenty-three miles from - London, from which it is a great thoroughfare to Harwich, has many - good inns, and a considerable market on Wednesdays, for live cattle - brought from Suffolk. - - Here is the seat of the ancient family of the Petres; to whose - ancestor Sir William, this manor was granted by Henry VIII. at the - dissolution of Barking Abbey, to which it till then belonged. That - gentleman founded eight fellowships at Oxford, called the Petrean - fellowships, and erected and endowed an almshouse here for twenty poor - people. He lies interred under a stately monument in the church, as do - several others of that family. - -INGRAM’S _court_, an open well-built place in Fenchurch street, thus - named from Sir Thomas Ingram, who built this small square on the - ground where his own house before stood. - -INNER SCOTLAND _yard_, Whitehall. - -INNER TEMPLE. See the article TEMPLE. - -INNER TEMPLE _lane_, Fleet street. - -INNHOLDERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Henry - VIII. in the year 1515. They are governed by a Master, three Wardens, - and twenty Assistants, and have a livery of an hundred and thirty-nine - members, whose fine upon admission is 10_l._ - - They have a handsome and convenient hall in Elbow lane. - -INNS OF CHANCERY. The colleges of the professors and students of the - municipal and common law, are stiled Inns, an old English word, - formerly used for the houses of noblemen, bishops, and persons of - distinguished rank, and the eight Inns of chancery were probably thus - denominated from there dwelling in them such clerks, as chiefly - studied the forming of writs, which regularly belonged to the - cursitors, who are officers in chancery. These are Lincoln’s Inn, New - Inn, Clement’s Inn, Clifford’s Inn, Staple’s Inn, Lion’s Inn, - Furnival’s Inn, and Barnard’s Inn. These were formerly considered as - preparatory colleges for younger students, many of whom were entered - here, before they were admitted into the Inns of court; but now they - are for the most part taken up by attorneys, sollicitors and clerks, - who have separate chambers, and their diet at a very easy rate in an - hall together, where they are obliged to appear in grave long robes, - and black round knit caps. See the articles CLEMENT’S INN, CLIFFORD’S - INN, LINCOLN’S INN, LION’S INN, &c. - -INNS OF COURT, were so named, either from the students, who live in - them, serving the courts of judicature; or, according to Fortescue, - from these colleges anciently receiving none but the sons of noblemen, - and gentlemen of high rank. - - The Inns of court, are only four, viz. the two Temples, Lincoln’s Inn, - and Gray’s Inn. See the articles TEMPLE, LINCOLN’S INN, and GRAY’S - INN. - - Though these societies are no corporation, and have no judicial power - over their members, they have certain orders among themselves, which - have by consent the force of laws: for small offences, they are only - excommoned, or not allowed to eat at the common table with the rest; - and for greater offences they lose their chambers, and are expelled - the college, after which they are not to be received by any of the - other three Inns of court. - - As these societies are not incorporated, they have no lands or - revenues, nor any thing for defraying the charges of the house but - what is paid at admittance, and other dues for their chambers. The - whole company of gentlemen may be divided into four parts, benchers, - utter-barristers, inner-barristers and students. - - The benchers are the seniors, who have the government of the whole - house, and out of these are annually chosen a treasurer, who receives, - disburses and accounts for all the money belonging to the house. See - SERJEANTS INN. - - There are at present no mootings, or readings in any of the courts of - Chancery. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ - - It ought not to be omitted, that gentlemen may take chambers in the - Inns of Court or Chancery, without laying themselves under an - obligation to study the law. - - A description of the structures and gardens belonging to these Inns we - have given under their respective heads: but it may not be improper - here to add, that strangers are apt to be disgusted at the nastiness - of the walls, and the dirt and filth observable on all the stairs and - public passages leading to the Inns of Court and Chancery: where every - thing seems neglected, and generally out of repair: but on stepping - into the chambers, one is surprised to see so remarkable a contrast; - to observe the utmost neatness reign there, and the most handsome and - commodious rooms, furnished and adorned with great elegance. - - Dr. Blackstone in his discourse on the study of the law, gives us the - following curious account of the changes and revolutions in this - study, and of the origin of the several _Inns of Court and Chancery_. - - That ancient collection of unwritten maxims and customs, says he, - which is called the common law, however compounded or from whatever - fountains derived, had subsisted immemorially in this kingdom: and, - though somewhat altered and impaired by the violence of the times, had - in a great measure weathered the rude shock of the Norman conquest. - This had endeared it to the people in general, as well because its - decisions were universally known, as because it was found to be - excellently adapted to the genius of the English nation. In the - knowledge of this law consisted great part of the learning of those - dark ages; it was then taught, says Mr. Selden, in the monasteries, in - the universities, and in the families of the principal nobility. The - clergy in particular, as they then engrossed almost every other branch - of learning, so (like their predecessors the British Druids) they were - peculiarly remarkable for their proficiency in the study of the law. - - ‘But the common law being not committed to writing, but only - handed down by tradition, use, and experience, was not so - heartily relished by the foreign clergy who came over hither - in shoals during the reign of the Conqueror and his two sons, - and were utter strangers to our constitution as well as our - language. And an accident, which soon after happened, had - nearly completed its ruin.’ - - A copy of Justinian’s Pandects, being newly discovered at Amalfi, - about A.D. 1130, soon brought the civil law into vogue all over the - rest of Europe. It became in a particular manner the favourite of the - Popish clergy; and Theobald, a Norman Abbot, being elected to the see - of Canterbury, A.D. 1138, and extremely addicted to this new study, - brought over with him in his retinue many learned proficients therein; - and among the rest Roger surnamed Vacarius, whom he placed in the - university of Oxford to teach it. The monkish clergy (devoted to the - will of a foreign Primate) received it with eagerness and zeal; but - the laity, who were more interested to preserve the old constitution, - and had already severely felt the effect of many Norman innovations, - continued wedded to the use of the common law. - - The clergy, finding it impossible to root out the municipal law, - withdrew by degrees from the temporal courts; and in 1217, they passed - a canon in a national synod, forbidding all ecclesiastics to appear as - advocates _in foro sæculari_[1]; nor did they long continue to act as - judges there, not caring to take the oath of office which was then - found necessary to be administered, that they should in all things - determine according to the law and custom of this realm; though they - still kept possession of the high office of Chancellor, an office then - of little juridical power; and afterwards as its business increased by - degrees, they modelled the process of the court at their own - discretion. - -Footnote 1: - - Sir H. Spelman conjectures (Glossar 335.) that coifs were introduced - to hide the tonsure of such renegade clerks, as were still tempted - to remain in the secular courts in the quality of advocates or - judges, notwithstanding their prohibition by canon. - - But wherever they retired, and wherever their authority extended, they - carried with them the same zeal to introduce the rules of the civil, - in exclusion of the municipal law. This appears in a particular manner - from the spiritual courts of all denominations, from the Chancellor’s - courts in both our universities, and from the high court of Chancery; - in all of which the proceedings are to this day in a course much - conformed to the civil law. And if it be considered, that our - universities began about that period to receive their present form of - scholastic discipline; that they were then, and continued to be till - the time of the reformation, entirely under the influence of the - Popish clergy; this will lead us to perceive the reason, why the study - of the Roman laws was in those days of bigotry[2] pursued with such - alacrity in these seats of learning. - - Since the reformation, the principal reason that has hindered the - introduction of this branch of learning, is, that the study of the - common law, being banished from hence in the times of Popery, has - fallen into a quite different channel, and has hitherto been wholly - cultivated in another place. - - As the common law was no longer taught, as formerly, in any part of - the kingdom, it perhaps would have been gradually lost and over-run by - the civil, had it not been for the peculiar incident which happened at - a very critical time, of fixing the court of Common Pleas, the grand - tribunal for disputes of property, to be held in one certain spot; - that the seat of ordinary justice might be permanent and notorious to - all the nation. Formerly that, in conjunction with all the other - superior courts, was held before the King’s justiciary of England, in - the _aula regis_, or such of his palaces wherein his royal person - resided, and removed with his houshold from one end of the kingdom to - the other. This was found to occasion great inconvenience to the - suitors; to remedy which it was made an article of the great charter - of liberties, both that of King John and King Henry the Third, that, - “Common Pleas should no longer follow the King’s court, but be held in - some certain place:” in consequence of which they have ever since been - held (a few necessary removals in times of the plague excepted) in the - palace of Westminster only. This brought together the professors of - the municipal law, who before were dispersed about the kingdom, and - formed them into an aggregate body; whereby a society was established - of persons, who (as Spelman observes) addicted themselves wholly to - the study of the laws of the land. - -Footnote 2: - - There cannot be a stronger instance of the absurd and superstitious - veneration that was paid to these laws, than that the most learned - writers of the times thought they could not form a perfect - character, even of the blessed Virgin, without making her a Civilian - and a Canonist. Which Albertus Magnus, the renowned Dominican Doctor - of the thirteenth century, thus proves in his _Summa de laudibus - Christiferæ Virginis (divinum magis quam humanum opus) qu. 23. §. - 5_. “_Item quod jura civilia, & leges, & decreta scivit in summo, - probatur hoc modo: sapientia advocati manifestatur in tribus; unum, - quod obtineat omnia contra judicem justum & sapientem; secundo, quod - contra adversarium astutum & sagacem; tertio, quod in causa - desperata: sed beatissima Virgo, contra judicem sapientissimum, - Dominum; contra adversarium callidissimum, dyabolum; in causa nostra - desperata; sententiam optatam obtinuit._“ - - They naturally fell into a kind of collegiate order; and, being - excluded from Oxford and Cambridge, established a new university of - their own, by purchasing certain houses (now called the Inns of Court - and Chancery) between the city of Westminster, the place of holding - the King’s courts, and the city of London; for advantage of ready - access to the one, and plenty of provisions in the other. - - In this juridical university (for such it is insisted to have been by - Fortescue and Sir Edward Coke) there are two sorts of collegiate - houses; one called Inns of Chancery, in which the younger students of - the law used to be placed, “learning and studying, says Fortescue, the - originals, and as it were, the elements of the law; who, profiting - therein, as they grow to ripeness so are they admitted into the - greater Inns of the same study, called the Inns of Court.” And in - these Inns of both kinds, he goes on to tell us, the knights and - barons, with other grandees and noblemen of the realm, did use to - place their children, though they did not desire to have them - thoroughly learned in the law, or to get their living by its practice; - and that in his time there were about two thousand students at these - several Inns, all of whom he informs us were _filii nobilium_, or - gentlemen born. - - But in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Edward Coke does not reckon - above a thousand students, and the number at present is very - considerably less: ‘Which seems principally owing to these reasons; - first, because the Inns of Chancery being now almost totally filled by - the inferior branch of the profession, they are neither commodious nor - proper for the resort of gentlemen of any rank or figure; so that - there are now very rarely any young students entered at the Inns of - Chancery: secondly, because in the Inns of Court all sorts of regimen - and academical superintendance, either with regard to morals or - studies, are found impracticable, and therefore entirely neglected: - lastly, because persons of birth and fortune, after having finished - their usual courses at the universities, have seldom leisure or - resolution sufficient to enter upon a new scheme of study at a new - place of instruction. Wherefore few gentlemen now resort to the Inns - of Court, but such for whom the knowledge of practice is absolutely - necessary: such, I mean, as are intended for the profession.’ - -INOCULATION HOSPITAL for the smallpox, in the Lower street, Islington, - beyond the church; in an old building situated backwards, out of the - view of the street. This hospital is under the direction of the - Small-pox hospital, in Cold Bath fields. See the article SMALL-POX - HOSPITAL. - -_Clerk of the_ INROLLMENTS OF FINES AND RECOVERIES, an officer under the - three puisne judges of the court of Common Pleas. The inrollments here - filed are by statute valid in law, and are of great use in preventing - law-suits. This office is kept in the Inner Temple. - -JOAN HARDING’S, near Oakey street, Thames street. - -JOCKEY FIELD _row_, Near Gray’s Inn. - -JOHN DEVER’S _yard_, Seething lane.† - -JOHN’S _alley_, Budge row. - -_St._ JOHN’S _alley_, St. Martin’s le Grand. - -_St._ JOHN _the Baptist_, a church which stood on the west side of - Dowgate; but being destroyed by the fire of London in 1666, and not - since rebuilt, the parish is annexed to the church of St. Antholin. - -_St._ JOHN _the Evangelist_, a church that was seated in Watling street, - at the north east corner of Friday street; but being consumed by the - fire of London, and not rebuilt, the parish is united to that of - Allhallows Bread street. - -_St._ JOHN _the Evangelist_, Southwark, like several other churches in - the suburbs, owed its rise to the great increase of buildings and - inhabitants, and is one of the fifty new churches ordered to be built - by act of parliament. It was finished in 1732, and the district of - Horselydown, being separated from St. Olave’s, was by act of - parliament constituted its parish. The sum of 3500_l._ was also - granted by parliament to be laid out in lands, tenements, &c. in fee - simple, and as a farther provision, the church wardens are to pay him - the additional sum of 60_l._ to be raised by fees arising from - burials. _Maitland._ - - The body of this church is enlightened by two ranges of windows, with - a Venetian in the center; the tower which rises square has a - balustrade on the top, and from thence rises the spire, which is very - properly diminished and well wrought; but the architect having - absurdly resolved to give it some resemblance to a column, has not - only fluted it; but placed on the top an Ionic capital, which last - gives the whole edifice an aukward whimsical appearance. - - This church, which is situated near the lower end of Fair street, is - in the gift of the Crown, as well as that of St. Olave’s, from whence - this parish was taken. _Stow._ - -_St._ JOHN’S _Wapping_, situated on the north side of the street near - the Thames, was built in the year 1617, when the increase of houses in - the parish of St. Mary Whitechapel, rendered such an edifice - necessary. It was dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and as there were - other churches under the patronage of the same saint, it was - distinguished, from its situation, by the name of Wapping. Originally - it was no more than a chapel of ease to St. Mary’s parish; but in - 1694, the hamlet of Wapping was constituted a distinct parish; the - inhabitants were impowered to purchase 30_l._ _per annum_ in mortmain, - and as a farther provision for the Rector, he was allowed to receive - all ecclesiastical dues, except tithes, instead of which the Rector - has 130_l._ a year raised upon the inhabitants by an equal pound rate. - _Maitland._ - - This church, which was built at the expence of 1600_l._ is a very mean - building, it consisting of a plain body, a tower which scarcely - deserves the name, and a spire that might be taken for a lengthened - chimney. _English Architecture._ - - The advowson of this church is in the principal and scholars of King’s - hall and Brazen Nose college, Oxford. - -_St._ JOHN’S _Westminster_. The parish of St. Margaret’s Westminster - being greatly increased in the number of houses and inhabitants, it - was judged necessary to erect one of the fifty new churches within it; - this church being finished, was dedicated to St. John the Evangelist; - a parish was taken out of St. Margaret’s, and the parliament granted - the sum of 2500_l._ to be laid out in the purchase of lands, - tenements, &c. for the maintenance of the Rector: but besides the - profits arising from this purchase, it was also enacted that as a - farther provision for the Rector, the sum of 125_l._ should be - annually raised by an equal pound rate upon the inhabitants. - _Maitland._ - - This church was finished in the year 1728. The chief aim of the - architect was to give an uncommon, yet elegant outline, and to shew - the orders in their greatest dignity and perfection; and indeed the - outline is so variously broken, that there results a diversity of - light and shadow, which is very uncommon, and very elegant. The - principal objections against the structure are, that it is so much - decorated that it appears encumbered with ornament; and that the - compass being too small for the design, it appears too heavy. In the - front is an elegant portico supported by Doric columns, which order is - continued in pilasters round the building. Above the portico are two - towers crowned with well-proportioned turrets, and adorned with - columns of the Corinthian order, which are supported on pedestals, and - stand free, with corresponding columns behind. _English Architect._ - - The advowson of this church is in the Dean and Chapter of Westminster: - and to prevent this rectory being held in commendam, all licences and - dispensations for holding it are by act of parliament declared null - and void. - -_St._ JOHN ZACHARY’S, a church that was situated at the north west - corner of Maiden lane, Wood street; but being destroyed by the fire of - London in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish is annexed to that of St. - Anne’s Aldersgate. _Maitland._ - -JOHN’S _court_, 1. Cable street. 2. Cats hole, Tower ditch. 3. East - Smithfield. 4. Hannoway street. 5. John’s street. 6. Nightingale lane. - -_St._ JOHN’S _court_, 1. Addle hill. 2. Cow lane. 3. Great Hart street. - 4. Little Hart street, by Covent garden. 5. St. John’s square. 6. - Somerset street, Whitechapel. 7. Stepney. - -_St._ JOHN’S _gate_, St. John’s lane; the south gate of the hospital of - St. John of Jerusalem. - -JOHN’S _hill_, Ratcliff highway. - -_St._ JOHN’S _lane_, vulgarly called St. Joans’s lane, from Hicks’s hall - to St. John’s gate. - -_St._ JOHN’S _passage_, St. John’s street, West Smithfield. - -_St._ JOHN’S _square_, Clerkenwell. Where the present square is situated - anciently stood the house of St. John of Jerusalem, founded by Jordan - Briset, who for that purpose purchased of the nuns of Clerkenwell ten - acres of land, for which he gave twenty acres in his lordship of - Willinghale in Kent, and erected that hospital on this spot about the - year 1110: but the church belonging to it was not dedicated to St. - John the Baptist till 1185. By the profuse liberality of bigots and - enthusiasts, these Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem soon - attained to that degree of riches and honour, that they not only built - a magnificent structure in this spot, that became the chief seat in - England of those of their order, but their Prior was esteemed the - first Baron in the kingdom, and in state and grandeur vied with the - King. The populace however had an extreme antipathy to these imperious - Knights; and in 1381, the rebels under Jack Straw and Wat Tyler - consumed this stately edifice by fire. However it was rebuilt in a - still more magnificent manner, and thus continued till the year 1541, - when it was suppressed by Henry VIII. - - This spacious and stately edifice was soon after converted into a - repository for martial stores, and of the royal hunting equipage; and - to this use it was applied till the year 1550; when Edward Seymour - Duke of Somerset, and protector of the kingdom, caused the church, - with its lofty and beautiful steeple, to be demolished, and the stones - employed in building his magnificent palace of Somerset House in the - Strand. _Camden’s Britannia._ - - This square, which is an oblong, chiefly consists of two rows of good - houses, at the east end of which is a chapel of ease to the - neighbouring church of St. James Clerkenwell. It is entered by two - gates, which bear evident marks of great antiquity; the largest and - most remarkable of which is that to the south, called St. John’s Gate. - -_St._ JOHN’S _street_, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields. 2. Long ditch. 3. - West Smithfield, near St. John’s square. - -JOHN’S _street_, 1. David’s street. 2. Gainsford street. 3. Golden - square. 4. By Mount street, Westminster. 5. Ratcliff highway. 6. - Windmill street. - -JOHNSON’S _court_, 1. Charing Cross.† 2. Fleet street.† - -JOHNSON’S _street_, Old Gravel lane.† - -JOHNSON’S _yard_, Three needle alley, Moorfields. - -JOINERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Queen - Elizabeth in the year 1565. They are governed by a Master, two - Wardens, and twenty-four Assistants, with a livery of 323 members, who - upon their admission pay a fine of 8_l._ - - They have a convenient hall in Friars lane, Thames street, remarkable - for a curious screen finely carved at the entrance into it. The great - parlour is wainscotted with cedar. _Maitland._ - -JOINERS _court_, 1. Houndsditch. 2. Jacob street, Mill street. - -JOINERS HALL _alley_, Thames street. - -JOINERS _street_, Tooley street. - -JOLLY _court_, Durham yard, in the Strand.† - -JONES’ _court_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.† - -JONES’ _yard_, 1. Stony lane, Petticoat lane. 2. Little Swan alley. - -INIGO JONES, the celebrated architect, several of whose best designs are - described in different parts of this work, has therefore a just claim - to our regard in this place. And we are obliged to the ingenious - authors of the _Biographia Britannica_ for the following particulars - relating to his life and works in general. He was born about the year - 1572, in the neighbourhood of St. Paul’s in London, of which city his - father, Mr. Ignatius Jones, was a citizen and clothworker. Nothing - certain being delivered concerning his education, some very different - conjectures have been advanced upon that subject, some having - suggested that his education was liberal, and others that he was bound - apprentice to a joiner, of which latter opinion was Sir Christopher - Wren. But in whatever way he was bred, his natural inclination leading - him to the study of the arts of drawing and designing, he - distinguished himself early by the extraordinary progress he made in - those polite and useful arts, and was particularly taken notice of for - his skill in the practice of landscape painting. These admirable - talents introduced him to the knowledge of William Earl of Pembroke, - who was a great patron of all liberal sciences. His Lordship admiring - Mr. Jones’s genius, took him into his patronage, and sent him abroad - with a handsome allowance, in order to perfect himself, by viewing and - studying the works of the best masters ancient and modern, in Italy - and the politer parts of Europe. Thus supported, he spent many years - in compleating his education; to which end, chusing the city of Venice - for the chief place of his residence, he suffered nothing of real - value or merit any where to escape his industry; and the improvements - he made thereby gave such an eclat to his reputation all over Europe, - that Christian IV. King of Denmark sent for him thence, and appointed - him his Architect-general. He had enjoyed this post some years, when - that Prince, whose sister Anne had married King James I. made a visit - to England in 1606. Mr. Jones took this opportunity of returning home; - and expressing a desire to continue in his native country, the Queen - appointed him her architect; and being not long after taken in the - same character into the service of Prince Henry, he discharged his - trust with so much fidelity, that the King gave him the reversion of - the place of Surveyor-general of his works. After the death of Prince - Henry in 1612, our architect made a second tour to Italy, and - continued some years there, improving himself still further in his - favourite art, till the Surveyor’s place fell to him. He then returned - to England to enrich his country with the fruits of his studies. Soon - after his arrival, the office of works being found several thousand - pounds in debt, he voluntarily gave up his own dues, and prevailed - with the Comptroller and Paymaster to do the like, whereby the whole - arrears were absolutely cleared. In 1620, by the King’s command, he - took an accurate survey of the surprizing group of stones upon - Salisbury-Plain, commonly called Stone-henge, and drew up an account - with his opinion of that famous monument of antiquity, which he - presented to his royal master, and it was printed. In this account, - after much reasoning and a long series of authorities, he concludes at - last that this ancient and stupendous pile must have been originally a - Roman temple, inscribed to _Cœlus_ the senior of the heathen gods, and - built after the Tuscan order, and that it was erected when the Romans - flourished here in peace and prosperity in Britain, and probably - betwixt the time of Agricola’s government and the reign of Constantine - the Great, about 1650 years ago. - - On the 16th of November the same year, Mr. Jones was appointed, among - others, a Commissioner for repairing the cathedral of St. Paul’s in - London. Upon the demise of King James, he was continued in his posts - by King Charles I. whose consort also entertained him in the like - station. And he soon after formed that most stately and elegant - pavilion, the Banquetting-house at Whitehall, which was at first - designed for the reception of foreign Ambassadors. The ceiling was - painted some years after with the Felicities of King James’s reign, by - Sir Peter Paul Rubens, and prints from these by Simon Gribelin were - published in 1724. The late Lord Burlington about the year 1740 - published _a north west view of the palace designed for Whitehall, by - Inigo Jones_, which is what is called a bird’s eye prospect, or as it - is seen by a bird in flying over it, by which artifice all the parts - are brought distinctly into view; and in this view the pavilion or - banquetting-house appears in its proper place as part of that palace. - Several other designs of Mr. Jones’s were executed in this reign, such - as Surgeon’s hall, the Queen’s chapel at St. James’s palace, and her - Majesty’s new building fronting the gardens at Somerset House in the - Strand; the church and piazza of Covent Garden; the first of which is - universally allowed to be a master-piece of the Tuscan order, the - portico at the west end, majestic in its plainness, and the roof so - happily contrived, by extending itself beyond the wall, as both to - cast a shade, which adds to the solemnity of the sacred edifice, and - at the same time serves to strengthen the wall, by resting thereon its - center of gravity. In the last performance he had in view the piazza - of Leghorn, but has vastly surpassed the original in the beauty and - largeness of his pillars. Our architect also laid out the ground plot - of Lincoln’s Inn fields, and designed the Duke of Ancaster’s house, - which stands on the west side of that noble square, and which is no - inconsiderable instance of the _softness_ and _sweetness_ of his - touches. The royal chapel at Denmark House, the King’s house at - Newmarket, and the Queen’s buildings at Greenwich, were also of his - design. But it does not come within our plan to describe the number or - form a judgment upon the excellence of all his buildings, though views - and descriptions of the principal of them we have given, which may be - seen under their several names, to which we refer. - - In 1633 Mr. Jones began the reparation of St. Paul’s cathedral, the - first stone was laid by Dr. Laud then Bishop of London, and the fourth - by Mr. Jones; and, in carrying them on, he added a magnificent portico - at the west end, which excited the envy of all Christendom on his - country, for a piece of architecture not to be parallelled in modern - times. While he was raising these noble monuments of his extraordinary - genius as an architect, he employed his leisure hours in designing - decorations for dramatic entertainments; and there appeared a fine - intermixture of fancy and judgment in his pompous machinery of masques - and interludes, which were the vogue in his time. Several of these - representations are still extant in the works of Chapman, D’Avenant, - Daniel, and particularly Ben Johnson. The subject was chosen by the - Poet, and the speeches and songs were also of his composing; but the - invention of the scenes, ornaments, and dresses of the figures, were - the contrivance of Mr. Jones. By these means he acquired a handsome - fortune. But his loyalty, the effect both of his integrity and - gratitude, exposed him to considerable losses; and he bore a part in - the ruins of his royal master. Upon the opening of the Long Parliament - in November 1640, he was called before the house of Lords, upon a - complaint of the parishioners of St. Gregory’s in London against him, - for damages done to that church; and afterwards, during the - usurpation, he was constrained to pay 400_l._ by way of composition - for his estate, as a malignant. After the death of King Charles I. he - was continued in his post by King Charles II. But grief, in one of his - years, for the fatal calamity of the former, prevented him from doing - the latter any actual service, by cutting him off many years before - the restoration. He died most probably about Midsummer 1652, and was - interred June 26, in the chancel of St. Benet’s church, near St. - Paul’s Wharf, London, where there was a monument erected to his memory - upon the north wall, at some distance from his grave; but it suffered - greatly in the fire of London, Sept. 1666. His age was about - seventy-nine years. Mr. Jones left several manuscripts, which have - been published since his death. With respect to his character, we are - told by Mr. Webb, that his abilities in all human sciences surpassed - most of his age. However that be, ’tis certain he was perfectly well - skilled in the mathematics, and had some insight into the two learned - languages, Greek and Latin, especially the latter, and he had a taste - for poetry. However, these accomplishments were no more than the - decorations and counterpart of his proper character, which was, - indeed, that of an architect, the most eminent in his time. - Accordingly he was then, and is still, generally stiled the _British - Vitruvius_; and it is observable that the art of design, little known - in England before, was brought into use and esteem by him, under the - patronage of King Charles I. and Thomas Earl of Arundel. In short, Mr. - Jones was generally learned, eminent for architecture, a great - geometrician, and, in designing with his pen (as Sir Anthony Vandyke - used to say) not to be equalled by whatever great master in his time, - for the _boldness_, _softness_, _sweetness_, and _sureness_ of his - touches. - -IRELAND _yard_, Black Friars. - -IRISH _court_, Whitechapel. - -IRISH SOCIETY, meeting in the Irish chamber in Guildhall. In order to - convey a clear idea of this society, it is necessary to trace it from - its origin. It must therefore be observed, that in the reign of Queen - Elizabeth, the province of Ulster, in the north of Ireland, had been - greatly depopulated by the suppression of several insurrections in - that part of the kingdom; and in particular, the city of Derry and - town of Colerain were quite ruined. - - To prevent such insurrections for the future, it was thought proper to - repeople that part of the country with protestant families; and soon - after the accession of King James I. to the throne of England, that - Prince, considering this as an affair worthy of his attention, - signified his pleasure to some of the Aldermen and Commoners, by means - of several of his Privy Council, upon which a court of Common Council - was called, and a deputation sent over to view the place of the - intended plantation. These deputies being returned, it was agreed in - December 1609, that 15,000_l._ should be expended on the plantation, - and 5000_l._ in the purchase of private interests. - - Soon after articles of agreement were entered into between the Lords - of the Privy Council, and a committee chosen by the Lord Mayor and - Commonalty of the city, and it was agreed for the better managing of - the plantation, there should be a company constituted in London, to - consist of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and twenty-four Assistants, to - direct what ought to be done on the part of the city, relating to the - plantation; and in pursuance of this agreement, the King, by his - letters patent, changed the name of Derry to that of Londonderry, and - incorporated the committee nominated by the city, by the name of _The - society of the Governor and Assistants in London of the new plantation - in Ulster within the realm of Ireland_, directing that it should - consist of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and twenty-four Assistants; - whereof the Governor and five of the Assistants were to be Aldermen, - the Recorder for the time being to be an Assistant, and the Deputy - Governor, with the rest of the Assistants, to be Commoners. By this - charter, the King also granted to the society and their successors, - the city, fort and town of Londonderry, the whole island of Derry, and - all the castles, towns, villages and lands in the county of - Londonderry, particularly mentioned in the charter. - - The society now immediately set about rebuilding Londonderry and - Colerain, and improving and planting the other parts of the county. - And, in order to reimburse the twelve principal companies, and other - inferior companies that had contributed to the expence of the - plantation, the society divided the whole county of Londonderry into - thirteen parts; the first consisting of the city of Londonderry and - town of Colerain, with some of the adjoining lands, and the fisheries, - was retained by the society in their own possession, to defray the - charge of the general work of the plantation, and the surplus was from - time to time divided among the twelve companies by the society. - - The rest of the county being divided into twelve parts, as equal in - value as possible, the twelve companies drew lots for them, and each - company had the part which fell to its share. The society then erected - each lot into a manor, and obtained a charter of the Crown to convey - to each of the companies the lands fallen to it, to hold the same in - perpetuity. - - King Charles I. however ordered his Attorney General to prosecute the - society in the Star-chamber, under the pretence that the charter had - been surreptitiously obtained; upon which it was cancelled by a decree - of that court, and the lands seized into the King’s hands: but the - society were reinstated in their possessions by Oliver Cromwell, who - granted the city a new charter; and Charles II. incorporated the - society anew, and the companies have enjoyed their possessions ever - since. - - The Governor and Deputy Governor of the society are by this, as well - as the former charters, chosen annually. Twelve of the Assistants go - off every year, and twelve new members are chosen in their stead by - the Common Council, out of each of the twelve principal companies of - the city; who by the appointment of the Governor or Deputy Governor - meet as often as required in the Irish chamber at Guildhall, where - nine of them, the Governor or Deputy Governor being one, make a court. - - They have a Secretary and a messenger of their own appointment to - attend them. They have also a Treasurer, who is chosen annually, and - gives security to account with the society for what money he receives. - All by-laws made by the corporation of Londonderry must be confirmed - by the society, before they can be of force. The society has the right - of presentation to the churches of Londonderry and Colerain: they - likewise appoint a general agent in Ireland to correspond with them, - and transact their affairs in that kingdom; and also a receiver to - receive their rents. _Maitland._ In short, the citizens of London have - the privilege of being free of the city of Londonderry. - -IRON GATE, Tower wharf. - -IRON GATE _stairs_, Iron Gate, Tower wharf. - -IRONMONGER _lane_, Cheapside; so called from its being once chiefly - inhabited by those of that trade. _Stow._ - -IRONMONGER _row_, Old street; so called from the school belonging to - that company. - -IRONMONGER ROW SCHOOL, was founded in the year 1727, by Mr. John Fuller, - for the education of twenty boys and upwards, for the support of which - he bequeathed the sum of 1600_l._ to be laid out in a purchase. - _Maitland._ - -IRONMONGERS, one of the twelve principal companies, was incorporated by - letters patent granted by King Edward IV. in the year 1464. This - corporation is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and the whole - livery, which consists of eighty-four, who are assistants, and whose - fine upon admission is 15_l._ - - This company has a very great estate, out of which is annually paid, - according to the direction of the several donors, about 1800_l._ - Besides these charities, Mr. Thomas Betton, a Turkey merchant, left - this company, in trust, in the year 1724, about 26,000_l._ one moiety - of the profits thereof to be perpetually employed in the redemption of - British captives from Moorish slavery; and the other half to be - equally distributed between the poor of the company, and the several - charity schools within the bills of mortality. _Maitland._ - -IRONMONGERS _Almshouse_, in Kingsland road. See JEFFERIES’S _Almshouse_. - -IRONMONGERS HALL, a very noble modern building in Fenchurch street. This - edifice is entirely fronted with stone, and was erected in the year - 1748. The whole lower story is wrought in rustic; the center part of - the building projects a little, and in this are a large arched - entrance, and two windows, with two others on each side. Over this - rustic story rises the superstructure, which has a light rustic at the - corners, to keep up a correspondence with the rest of the building; - the part which projects is here ornamented with four Ionic pilasters - coupled, but with a large inter-columniation. In the middle is a very - noble Venetian window, and over it, a circular one. In each space - between the pilasters, is a smaller window, with an angular pediment; - and over these are also circular ones; but the side parts have arched - windows with square ones over them. The central part is crowned with a - pediment supported by these pilasters, and in its plain is the arms of - the company with handsome decorations in relievo. The rest of the - building is terminated by a balustrade crowned with vases. - -ISAAC’S _rents_, Shoe lane. - -ISLAND HEAD _lane_, Wapping. - -ISLE OF DOGS, a part of Poplar marsh. When our Sovereigns had a palace - at Greenwich, they used it as a hunting seat, and it is said, kept the - kennels for their hounds in this marsh, which lies on the other side - of the river; these hounds frequently making a great noise, the seamen - and others called the place the Isle of Dogs, though it is so far from - being an island, that it can scarcely be called a peninsula. _Stow._ - -ISLEWORTH or THISTLEWORTH, a village in Middlesex, pleasantly situated - on the Thames opposite to Richmond. Here are two charity schools, and - in its neighbourhood are the seats of several persons of distinction. - -ISLINGTON, a large village in Middlesex, on the north side of London, to - which it is almost contiguous. It appears to have been built by the - Saxons, and in the time of William the Conqueror was called Isendon or - Isledon. By the south west side of this village, is a fine reservoir - called New River Head, which consists of a large bason, into which the - New River discharges itself; part of the water is from thence conveyed - by pipes to London, while another part is thrown by an engine through - other pipes up hill to a reservoir, which lies much higher, in order - to supply the highest parts of London. - - The church is one of the prebends of St. Paul’s; the old Gothic - structure lately taken down was erected in the year 1503, and stood - till 1751, when it being in a ruinous condition, the inhabitants - applied to parliament for leave to rebuild it, and soon after erected - the present structure, which is a very substantial brick edifice, - though it does not want an air of lightness. The body is well - enlightened, and the angles strengthened and decorated with a plain - rustic. The floor is raised considerably above the level of the church - yard, and the door in the front is adorned with a portico, which - consists of a dome supported by four Doric columns; but both the door - and the portico appear too small for the rest of the building. The - steeple consists of a tower, which rises square to a considerable - height, terminated by a cornice supporting four vases, at the corners. - Upon this part is placed an octangular balustrade, from within which - rises the base of the dome in the same form, supporting Corinthian - columns with their shafts wrought with rustic. Upon these rests the - dome, and from its crown rises the spire, which is terminated by a - ball and its fane. Though the body of the church is very large, the - roof is supported without pillars, and the inside is extremely - commodious, and adorned with an elegant plainness. - - This parish is very extensive, and includes Upper and Lower Holloway, - three sides of Newington Green, and part of Kingsland. There are in - Islington two Independent meeting houses, and a charity school founded - in the year 1613, by Dame Alice Owen, for educating thirty children: - this foundation, together with that of a row of almshouses, are under - the care of the Brewers company. There is here also a spring of - chalybeat water in a very pleasant garden, which for some years was - honoured by the constant attendance of the late Princess Amelia and - many persons of quality, who drank the waters: to this place, which is - called New Tunbridge Wells, many people resort, particularly during - the summer, the price of drinking the waters being 3_d._ for each - person. Near this place is a house of entertainment called Sadler’s - Wells, where during the summer season people are amused with balance - masters, walking on the wire, rope dancing, tumbling, and pantomime - entertainments. - -ISLINGTON _road_, 1. Goswell street. 2. St. John’s street, West - Smithfield. - -JULIAN _court_, Angel alley. - -_Clerk of the_ JURIES OFFICE, in Hind court, Fleet street. The Clerk of - the juries is an officer of the court of Common Pleas, who makes out - writs called _Habeas Corpora_, and _Distringas Juratorum_, for - appearance of the jury, either in that court, or at the assizes in the - country. This office is executed by a deputy. _Chamb. Pres. State._ - -JUSTICE HALL, on the north east side of the Old Bailey, stands backwards - in a yard to which there is an entrance through a gateway. Had the - building therefore been a fine one, it could not have been viewed to - advantage; but it is a plain brick edifice, that has nothing to - recommend it. A flight of plain steps lead up into the court room, - which has a gallery at each end for the accommodation of spectators. - The prisoners are brought to this court from Newgate, by a passage - backwards which leads to that prison, and there are two places where - they are kept till called to their trials, the one for the men and the - other for the women. There are also rooms for the grand and petty jury - and other accommodations. - - An author, whose opinion we have given on other subjects, condemns - this, and all the other courts of justice in England, as wanting that - grandeur and augustness which might strike offenders and mankind in - general with an awe for the place; and he recommends the form of a - theatre as most proper, the stage for the bench, the pit for the - council, prisoners, &c. and the circle round for the spectators. - Whether this writer’s idea of the form of a court of judicature is - just and well founded, we shall not determine. - - It seems however to be wished, that these public edifices had more of - the appearance of grandeur and magnificence, especially in the - metropolis of the kingdom. - - This court is held eight times a year by the King’s commission of oyer - and terminer, for the tryal of criminals for crimes committed within - the city of London and county of Middlesex. The Judges are, the Lord - Mayor, the Aldermen past the chair, and the Recorder, who, on all such - occasions, are attended by both the Sheriffs, and by one or more of - the national Judges. The offences in the city are tried by a jury of - citizens, and those committed in the county by one formed of the - housekeepers in the county. The crimes tried in this court are high - and petty treason, murder, felony, forgery, petty larceny, burglary, - cheating, libelling, the using of false weights and measures, &c. the - penalties incurred by which are the loss of life, corporal punishment, - transportation, amerciaments, &c. _Stow_, _Maitland_. - -IVY _Bridge_, In the Strand. - -IVY BRIDGE _lane_, In the Strand. - -IVY BRIDGE _stairs_, Near the Strand. - -IVY _lane_, runs from Pater Noster Row into Newgate street. This lane - took its name from the Ivy which grew on the walls of the prebends - houses, formerly situated here. _Stow._ - -IVY _street_, Dyot street, St. Giles’s. - - -[Illustration] - - - - - K. - - -_St._ KATHARINE’S. See St. CATHARINE’S. - -KEAT _street_, Dean and Flown street, Spitalfields.† - -KEBB’S _yard_, In the Minories.† - -KEMP’S _court_, Berwick street.† - -KEMPTON _court_, Vine street.† - -KENNINGTON, a village near Lambeth, in Surry, and one of the eight - precincts of that parish. It has the honour of giving the title of - Earl to the Duke of Cumberland. - -KENNINGTON COMMON, a small spot of ground, on the side of the road to - Camberwell, and about a mile and a half from London. Upon this spot is - the gallows for the county of Surry. - -KENNINGTON _lane_, Newington Butts. - -[Illustration: - - _Kensington Palace_ - _S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sculp._ -] - -KENSINGTON, a large and populous village in Middlesex, about two miles - from Hyde Park Corner, part of which, from the palace gate to the - Bell, is in the parish of St. Margaret’s, Westminster. The palace, - which was the seat of the Lord Chancellor Finch, afterwards Earl of - Nottingham, was purchased by King William, who greatly improved it, - and caused a royal road to be made to it, through St. James’s and Hyde - Parks, with lamp posts erected at equal distances on each side. Queen - Mary enlarged the gardens; her sister Queen Anne improved what Mary - had begun, and was so pleased with the place, that she frequently - supped during the summer in the Green house, which is a very beautiful - one: but her late excellent Majesty Queen Caroline completed the - design, by extending the gardens from the great road in Kennington to - Acton; by bringing what is called the Serpentine river into them, and - by taking in some aires out of Hyde Park, on which she caused a mount - to be raised, with a chair upon it, that could be easily turned round, - so as to afford shelter from the wind. This mount is surrounded with a - grove of ever-greens, and commands a fine view over the gardens to the - south and west. In short these gardens, which are three miles and a - half in compass, are kept in great order, and in summer-time, when the - court is not there, are resorted to by great numbers of people. The - palace indeed has none of that grandeur, which ought to appear in the - residence of a British Monarch; its nearness to the town makes it very - convenient, but it is very irregular in point of architecture. However - the royal apartments are grand, and some of the pictures are good. - - On passing the base court, you enter through a large portico into a - stone gallery, that leads to the great stair case, which is a very - fine one, and consists of several flights of black marble steps, - adorned with iron balusters finely wrought. The painting here affords - the view of several balconies with groups of figures representing - yeomen of the guard, and spectators, among whom are drawn Mr. Ulrick, - commonly called the young Turk, in the Polonese dress in which he - waited on his late Majesty King George I. Peter, the wild youth, &c. - The stair case is richly decorated and painted by Mr. Kent. - - The first room is hung with very fine tapestry, representing the - goddess Diana, hunting and killing the wild boar. Over the chimney is - a picture in a grand taste, representing one of the Graces in the - character of Painting, receiving instructions from Cupid. This piece - is said to be done by Guido Reni. In one corner of the room is a - marble statue of Venus, with an apple in her hand; and in another is - the statue of Bacchus, whose head is finely executed; but the body, - which is inferior to it, seems to be done by another hand. - - The second room has its ceiling painted with Minerva, surrounded by - the arts and sciences, by Mr. Kent. Over the chimney is a very fine - piece representing Cupid admiring Psyche, while she is asleep, by - Vandyck. On each side of the room are hung several pictures, as King - Henry VIII. and the Comptroller of his houshold, by Holbein: a three - quarter picture of King Charles I. and another of his Queen, by - Vandyck: the Duke and Duchess of York, by Sir Peter Lely: as also King - William and Queen Mary, when Prince and Princess of Orange, over the - doors, by the same hand. - - The third room, which was the late Queen’s apartment, is adorned with - very beautiful tapestry, representing a Dutch winter piece, and the - various diversions peculiar to the natives of Holland, done by Mr. - Vanderbank. Over the chimney is an admirable picture of King Charles - II. King James II. and their sister the Princess of Orange, when - children, by Vandyck. - - In the fourth room is the picture of a battle or skirmish between the - Germans and Italians, by Holbein. Another of Danae descending in a - shower of gold, and another of the widow Eliot finely executed by our - countryman Riley. - - In the fifth room is a picture of the crucifixion, and another of our - Saviour laid on the cross, both by Titian: of our Saviour calling St. - Matthew from the receipt of customs, by Annibal Caracci; and of his - healing the sick in the temple, by Verrio: a picture of Henry IV. of - France, by Titian: two heads of Queen Mary I. and Queen Elizabeth, - when children, by Holbein: the late Queen Anne, when an infant, by Sir - Peter Lely: and several heads by Raphael. - - In the sixth room, or rather gallery, are the pictures of King Henry - VIII. and Queen Katharine of Arragon, both by Holbein: King Philip of - Spain, and Queen Mary, by the same hand: King James I. by Vandyck: - King Charles II. the face by Sir Peter Lely: Queen Elizabeth in a - Chinese dress, drawn when she was a prisoner at Woodstock: King James - II. when Duke of York, and another of his Queen, both by Sir Peter - Lely: King William and Queen Mary in their coronation robes, by Sir - Godfrey Kneller. Sir Godfrey was knighted on his painting these - pictures; King William being doubtless pleased with so fine a picture - of his Queen. The next is Queen Anne, after Sir Godfrey Kneller; and a - picture of Queen Caroline, which is but poorly executed. In this room - is a curious amber cabinet, in a glass case; and at the upper end a - beautiful orrery, likewise in a glass case. - - The seventh, which is called the Cupola room, has a star in the - center, and the ceiling all around is adorned with paintings in - mosaic: round the room are placed at proper distances, eight bustos of - ancient poets, and six statues of the heathen gods and goddesses at - full length, gilt. Over the chimney piece is a curious bas-relief in - marble, representing a Roman marriage, with a busto of Cleopatra, by - Mr. Rysbrack. - - In the King’s great drawing room, over the chimney, is a very fine - picture of St. Francis adoring the infant Jesus, held in the lap of - the Virgin Mary, Joseph attending, the whole performed by Sir Peter - Paul Rubens. In this room are also the holy family, finely painted by - Paul Veronese: three priests, by Tintoret: a noble picture of St. - Agnes over one of the doors, by Domenichino: St. John Baptist’s head, - Mary Magdalen, and a naked Venus, all by Titian: a Venus in a supine - posture, stealing an arrow out of Cupid’s quiver, with beautiful - ornaments in the high gusto of the Greek antique, representing Love - and the Drama, by Jacobo da Puntormo; upon the original out-lines of - the great Michelangelo Buonarroti: a picture of Villars, Duke of - Buckingham, and his younger brother, when boys, one of the capital - pieces of Vandyck: two large pictures by Guido Reni, one of Venus - dressing by the Graces; the other of Andromeda chained to a rock: our - Saviour in the manger by Bassan; and a picture of part of the holy - family, by Palma the elder. - - The ceiling of this room, in which there is such a mixture of sacred - and prophane pieces, is painted with the story of Jupiter and Semele. - - In the state chamber, the bed is of crimson damask; and over the - chimney is a picture of our Saviour and St. John Baptist, by Raphael. - - In the state dressing room the hangings are all of needle work; a - present from the Queen of Prussia. Here is a picture of Edward VI. by - Holbein; of a young nobleman of Venice, by Tintoret; another young - nobleman of the same place, by Tintoret; and Titian’s lady, painted by - himself. - - The Painted gallery is adorned with many admirable pieces. At one end - is King Charles I. on a white horse, with the Duke d’Espernon holding - his helmet; the King is an august and noble figure, with some - dejection in his countenance; the triumphal arch, curtain, and other - parts of the back ground, are finely executed, and so kept, that the - King is the principal figure that strikes the eye; at a little - distance it has more of the life than a picture, and one is almost - ready to get out of the horse’s way, and bow to the King. - - Fronting this picture, at the other end of the gallery, is the same - King, with his Queen, and two children, King Charles II. when a child, - and King James II. an infant in the Queen’s lap. The King’s paternal - tenderness is finely expressed, his son standing at his knee: the - Queen’s countenance is expressive of an affectionate obedience to his - Majesty, and a fond care of her child, which she seems to desire the - King to look on. The infant is exquisitely performed; the vacancy of - thought in the face, and the inactivity of the hands, are equal to - life itself at that age. These two admirable pieces were done by - Vandyck. - - One of the next capital pictures in this gallery is Esther fainting - before King Ahasuerus, painted by Tintoret. All the figures are finely - drawn and richly dressed in the Venetian manner; for the Venetian - school painted all their historical figures in their own habits, - thinking them more noble and picturesque than any other. - - The next piece is the nine muses in concert, finely drawn by the same - master. - - Midas preferring Pan to Apollo, is a fine piece, by Andrea Schiavone; - but it is a good deal hurt by time; the figures however are well drawn - and coloured; and the affectation of judgment in Midas is finely - expressed. - - The shepherds offering gifts to Christ, St. John in prison, the story - of the woman of Samaria, and John Baptist’s head, are fine pieces, by - Old Palma. - - Noah’s flood, by Bassan, is a masterly performance. - - Over the chimney is a Madona, by Raphael, which, though a small piece, - gives a very high idea of that great master’s abilities. There is also - in this gallery a Madona by Vandyck, which is exquisitely performed. - - The other pictures here are, the birth of Jupiter, a fine piece, by - Giulio Romano; a Cupid whetting his arrow, by Annibal Caracci; and a - Venus and Cupid, by Titian. - -KENT _road_, At the upper end of Kent street. - -KENT _street_, extends from the end of Long lane, near St. George’s - church, Southwark, to Kent road. It is observable that the principal - business of this street is making of birch brooms, in which the - masters are such great dealers, that in some of their yards several - stacks of brooms may be seen of a considerable extent, and rising as - high as the most lofty houses. - -KENT’S _yard_, Angel alley.† - -KETTLEBY’S _rents_, at Kennington.† - -KETTLE _yard_, Redcross street. - -KEW, a town in Surry, situated on the Thames, opposite to Old Brentford. - Here is a chapel of ease, erected at the expence of several of the - nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood, on a piece of ground that - was given for that purpose by the late Queen Anne. Here the late Mr. - Molineux, Secretary to his present Majesty when Prince of Wales, had a - very fine seat on the Green, the gardens of which are said to produce - the best fruit in England. This house belonged to the late Prince of - Wales. Her late Majesty Queen Caroline here purchased Lady Eyre’s - seat, for the Duke of Cumberland, and Sir Thomas Abney’s for the - Princesses Amelia and Caroline. - - In the sessions of parliament in 1758, an act passed for building a - bridge cross the Thames opposite to Kew Green; and this act is now - executed, and a bridge is built of eleven arches. The two piers and - their dependent arches on each side next the shore are built of brick - and stone, the intermediate arches, which are seven in number, are - entirely wood. The center arch is fifty feet wide, and the road over - the bridge is thirty feet wide. - -KEY _court_, 1. Little St. Thomas Apostles.* 2. St. John street, West - Smithfield.* - -KIDDER’S _yard_, Petty France, Westminster.† - -KIDNEY _stairs_, Narrow street. - -KIFFORD’S _Almshouse_, at Tothill side, Westminster, was founded by Mrs. - Judith Kifford, in the year 1705, for two decayed gentlewomen, each of - whom has one room, and 5_l._ _per annum_. - -KILBORN, a village in Middlesex, in the road from London to Edgworth, - and in the parish of Hampstead. - -KILHAM’S _wharf_, Millbank.† - -KILL _court_, St. John’s street. - -KILLIGREW _court_, Scotland yard.† - -KING AND QUEEN _stairs_, Rotherhith.* - -KING DAVID’S _court_, Whitechapel.* - -KING DAVID’S FORT, Near Bluegate fields.* - -KING DAVID’S FORT _lane_, King David’s lane.* - -KING DAVID’S _lane_, Upper Shadwell.* - -KING EDWARD’S _row_, Coverley’s fields.* - -KING EDWARD’S _stairs_, Wapping.* - -KING EDWARD’S _street_, 1. Tudor street.* 2. Wapping.* - -KING HENRY’S _yard_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.* - -KING JAMES’S _stairs_, Wapping wall.* - -KING JOHN’S _court_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Holiwell lane.* 3. Limehouse - Corner. 4. Mile-end Green.* 5. Stepney Green.* - -KING JOHN’S _court passage_, Barnaby street.* - -KING TUDOR’S _street_, Bridewell, Fleet street. - -KING’S ARMS _court_, 1. Bankside.* 2. Basinghall street.* 3. King John’s - court, Holiwell street.* 4. Ludgate hill.* - -KING’S ARMS _stairs_, College street.* - -KING’S ARMS _walk_, Narrow walk.* - -KING’S ARMS _yard_, 1. Chick lane.* 2. Coleman street.* 3. Fore street.* - 4. Lothbury.* 5. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 6. Marybon - street.* 7. Shoreditch.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. Whitecross street, - Cripplegate.* - -KING’S ARMS _inn yard_, Holborn Bridge.* - -KING’S BENCH, the highest Court of Common Law in England, is so called, - because the King sometimes sat there in person on an high bench, and - the Judges, to whom the judicature belongs in his absence, on a low - bench at his feet: or because this Court determines pleas between the - Crown and the subject of treasons, felonies, and other pleas, which - properly belong to the King: and also in whatsoever relates to the - loss of life or member of any subject, in which the King is concerned, - as he is a sufferer by the loss of the life or limbs of his subjects. - Here likewise are tried breaches of peace, oppression, and - misgovernment; and this Court corrects the errors of all the Judges - and Justices of England, in their judgments and proceedings, not only - in pleas of the Crown, but in all pleas, real, personal, and mix’d; - except only pleas in the Exchequer. This Court is general, and extends - to all England; and where-ever it is held the law supposes the - Sovereign to be there in person. In this Court there commonly sit four - Judges, the first of which is stiled the Lord Chief Justice of the - King’s Bench; and sometimes the Lord Chief Justice of England; whose - salary is 4000_l._ a year, and the puisne Judges 1500_l._ a year each. - _Chamberlain’s Present State._ - - The Court of King’s Bench in Westminster Hall, is in the south east - corner. - -KING’S BENCH _alley_, 1. Dorset street, Spitalfields. 2. St. Margaret’s - Hill. - -KING’S BENCH OFFICE, In the Inner Temple, at the lower end of King’s - Bench walk, next the Thames. Here the records of that Court are kept - to secure them from fire. - -KING’S BENCH PRISON, In St. George’s fields, is a place of confinement - for debtors; and for those sentenced by the Court of King’s Bench to - suffer imprisonment, for libels and other misdemeanors; but those who - can purchase the liberties have the benefit of walking through a part - of the Borough, and in St. George’s fields. - - This prison is situated in a fine air; but all prospect of the fields, - even from the uppermost windows, is excluded by the height of the - walls with which it is surrounded. It has a neat chapel for the - performance of divine worship, and only one bed in each room; but - these rooms are extremely small; they are all exactly alike, and none - above nine feet in length. - -KING’S BENCH _walk_, Inner Temple, from the King’s Bench office kept - there. - -KING’S COLLEGE _lane_, Bristol street. - -KING’S _court_, 1. Milk street, Cheapside. 2. Nightingale lane, East - Smithfield. - -KING’S GATE _street_, High Holborn. - -KING’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Broad street, Ratcliff.* 2. Dorset street, - Spitalfields.* 3. In the Maze. 4. Whitechapel.* - -KING’S HEAD _court_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Beech lane.* 3. In the - Borough.* 4. St. Clement’s.* 5. Cock lane, Shoreditch.* 6. Crispin - street.* 7. Drury lane.* 8. Fetter lane.* 9. Golden lane.* 10. Goswell - street.* 11. Gutter lane.* 12. Hand alley.* 13. Holborn.* 14. Huggen - lane, Thames street.* 15. King street, Cheapside.* 16. Little Carter - lane.* 17. St. Martin’s le Grand. 18. New Fish street.* 19. New Gravel - lane.* 20. Old Gravel lane.* 21. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.* 22. - Plumtree street.* 23. Pudding lane, Thames street.* 24. Shoe lane, - Fleet street.* 25. Shoreditch.* 26. Southampton buildings.* 27. - Stanhope street.* 28. In the Strand.* 29. Tenter Ground.* 30. Vine - street.* 31. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* 32. Wood street, - Cheapside.* - -KING’S HEAD _yard_, 1. Fore street, Lambeth.* 2. High Holborn.* 3. - Holiwell street.* 4. King street, New Gravel lane.* 5. Leather lane, - Holborn.* 6. Moorfields.* 7. Shoreditch.* 8. Tooley street.* 9. - Wiltshire lane.* - -KING’S LIBRARY, was founded by Henry Prince of Wales, the eldest son of - King James I. The printed books in this Library amount to about 10,200 - and the manuscripts to about 1800. They were kept in Cotton house, - till that was burnt by the fire in 1731; they however suffered but - little by that fire, and were removed with the Cotton library to the - Old Dormitory at Westminster; since which both these libraries have - been placed with Sir Hans Sloane’s Museum in Montagu house. See the - articles COTTON LIBRARY, and BRITISH MUSEUM. - -_Clerk of the_ KING’S SILVER, an officer of the Court of Common Pleas, - to whom every fine or final agreement upon the sale of land is - brought, after it has been with the _Custos Brevium_, who makes an - entry of what money is to be paid for the King’s use. This office, - which is executed by a deputy, is kept in the Inner Temple. - _Chamberlain’s Present State._ - -KING’S LANGLEY, near Abbots Langley in Hertfordshire, received its name - from a royal palace built here by King Henry III. the ruins of which - are still to be seen. King Richard II. with his Queen, and many of the - nobility kept a Christmas here, and in its monastery he was buried, - though afterwards removed to Westminster by King Henry V. Here was - also born and buried, Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, the son of - Edward III. and many others of that family. - -KING’S _rents_, 1. Shad Thames.* 2. Whitecross street.* - -KING’S OLD and NEW ROADS to Kensington, Hyde Park. - -KING’S _road_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Gray’s Inn lane. - -KING’S _row_, Shad Thames.† - -KING’S _square_. See SOHO _square_. - -KING’S SQUARE _court_, Dean street, Soho. - -KING’S _stairs_, Rotherhith.† - -KING _street_. Many of these streets first received their present name, - after the restoration, in honour of King Charles II. or of monarchy in - general. 1. Bartholomew hospital. 2. Brick lane, Spitalfields. 3. - Opposite to Queen street, and leading from Cheapside to Guildhall; so - called by the act of parliament, by which it was first ordered to be - built after the fire of London. 4. Covent Garden. 5. Duke’s Place. 6. - Foul lane, in the Borough. 7. Golden Square. 8. Near Grosvenor square. - 9. High Holborn. 10. Hoxton square. 11. St. James’s square. 12. Little - Tower hill. 13. Lowman’s street. 14. In the Mint. 15. Near Monmouth - street. 16. New Gravel lane. 17. Old Greek street, Soho. 18. Old - street square. 19. Oxford street. 20. Piccadilly. 21. Prince’s square. - 22. Prince’s street, Soho. 23. Ratcliff Highway. 24. Rosemary lane. - 25. Rotherhith wall. 26. Tooley street. 27. Upper Moorfields. 28. - Westminster. 29. Wood’s Close, Compton street. - -KING’S _street passage_, Little Tower hill. - -KING’S _way_, Gray’s Inn lane. - -KING’S WEIGH HOUSE. See WEIGH HOUSE. - -KING’S _yard_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Leather lane, Holborn. 3. - Whitecross street, Cripplegate. - -KINGSBURY, at the west end of St. Alban’s in Hertfordshire, is thus - named from the Saxon Kings frequently keeping their court there, till - it was purchased by the monks of the neighbouring abbey. - -KINGSLAND, a hamlet of the parish of Islington, lying between Hoxton and - Clapton. Here was anciently an hospital for lepers, which is now - appropriated to the cure of the venereal disease, and is an appendage - to St. Bartholomew’s and St. Thomas’s hospitals. The edifice is a - plain modern brick building, without ornamental decorations; it is - large and proper for the use to which it is applied, and on the end of - it is a dial, which has the following suitable motto, POST VOLUPTATEM - MISERICORDIA; that is, _After pleasure comes pain_. This structure - joins a little old chapel; but it is wisely contrived that the - patients, who are obliged to attend divine service, can neither see - nor be seen by the rest of the audience. - - This hospital is called _The Lock_. - -KINGSTON UPON THAMES, a Town in Surry, received its name from its having - been the residence of several of our Saxon Kings, some of whom were - crowned on a stage in the market place. It is a populous and - well-built place, and in the reigns of Edward the Second and Third - sent members to parliament. Here is a spacious church with eight - bells, in which are the pictures of the Saxon Kings who were crowned - here, and also that of King John, who gave the inhabitants of this - town their first charter. Here is also a wooden bridge of twenty - arches over the Thames; a free school erected and endowed by Queen - Elizabeth; an almshouse built in 1670 by Aldermen Clive, for six men, - and as many women, and endowed with land to the value of 80_l._ a - year; and a charity school for thirty boys, who are all cloathed. The - summer assizes for this county are generally held here, and there is a - gallery on the top of a hill that overlooks the town. A house called - Hircomb’s Place, in this town, was the seat of the famous Earl of - Warwick, stiled The setter up and puller down of Kings. Besides the - above bridge, there is another of brick over a stream, that flows from - a spring which rises four miles above the town, and within the - distance of a bow shot from its source, forms a brook that drives two - mills. Here is a good market for corn, and the town carries on a - considerable trade. - -KINHAVEY’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.† - -KINNERSLEY’S _yard_, Ratcliff highway.† - -KIRBY’S _court_, 1. Foul lane, in the Borough.† 2. Chick lane, West - Smithfield.† - -KIRBY’S _wharf_, Lower Shadwell.† - -KIRBY’S _yard_, Curtain row, Hog lane, St. Giles’s.† - -KIRK’S _yard_, East Smithfield.† - -KITTER’S _yard_, White Hart lane.† - -KNAVE OF CLUBS _yard_, Old street.* - -KNAVES _Acre_, Wardour street.‖ - -KNIGHTSBRIDGE, the first village from London in the great western road, - is situated in the parishes of St. George’s Hanover square, and St. - Margaret’s Westminster, but has a chapel independent of those - parishes. Near the entrance of this village in the way from London, is - the infirmary for the sick and wounded called St. George’s hospital. - See _St._ GEORGE’S HOSPITAL. - -KNIGHT’S _court_, 1. Back side St. Clement’s.† 2. Green walk.† - -KNITNEEDLE _street_, Bloomsbury. - -KNOCKFERGUS, Near Rosemary lane. - -KNOLLEY’S _yard_, Hog lane.† - -KNOWLES’S _court_, Little Carter lane.† - -KNOWL HOUSE, near Sevenoak in Kent, is the seat of the Duke of Dorset. - It is situated in the middle of a park, and is a handsome large stone - fabric. There are some excellent pictures in the apartments. - -KORBY’S _yard_, Hand alley, Petticoat lane.† - -KREETCH’S _wharf_, Millbank.† - - -[Illustration] - - - - - L. - - -LABOUR-IN-VAIN _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill.* - -LABOUR-IN-VAIN _court_, Old Fish street hill.* - -LABOUR-IN-VAIN _hill_, Thames street.* - -LABOUR-IN-VAIN _street_, Lower Shadwell.* - -LABOUR-IN-VAIN _yard_, Thames street.* - -LAD _court_, Moses alley, Willow street. - -LAD _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside. - -LADDLE _court_, Cut Throat lane, Upper Shadwell. - -LAD’S _court_, Gardiner’s lane.† - -LADY _alley_, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. 2. King street, Westminster. - -LADY ALLEY _Almshouse_, in King street, Westminster, consists of four - rooms for as many poor women, and is said to have been founded by a - King or Queen of England, with an allowance out of the Exchequer of - 1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a year each. _Maitland._ - -LAMB _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Blackman street, by St. - George’s church, Southwark.* 3. Goodman’s fields. 4. Monkwell street.† - 5. In the Old Change.* 6. Saffron hill.* 7. Sherbourn lane, Lombard - street.* 8. Whitechapel.* 9. St. Giles’s Broadway.† - -LAMB _court_, 1. Abchurch lane. 2. Clerkenwell. 3. Lamb alley, - Southwark. - -LAMB’S _buildings_, Inner Temple.† - -LAMB’S CHAPEL, situated in a court to which it gives its name, at the - north west corner of London wall, was founded in the reign of Edward - I. and dedicated to St. James, when it was distinguished from other - places of religious worship of the same name by the denomination of - _St. James’s Chapel_, or _Hermitage on the wall_; from its being - erected on or near the city wall in Monkwell street. At the - dissolution of religious houses, King Henry VIII. granted this chapel - to William Lamb, a rich clothworker, who bequeathed it, with other - appurtenances, to the company of which he was a member, and from him - it received its present name. - - In this chapel the clothworkers company have four sermons preached to - them upon four principal festivals in the year, viz. upon the feast of - the annunciation of the blessed Virgin, March 25; on the feast of St. - John Baptist, June 24; on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, - Sept. 29; and on that of St. Thomas the Apostle, Dec. 21; upon which - days the Master, Wardens, and Livery of the company, in conformity to - the above Mr. Lamb’s will, go in their gowns to the chapel and hear a - sermon; after which they relieve twelve poor men and as many women, by - giving one shilling to each; and every Michaelmas they give to each a - frize gown, a lockram shift, and a good pair of winter shoes. - -LAMB’S CHAPEL _court_, Monkwell street. - -LAMB’S CONDUIT, was according to Stow formed by the above-mentioned Mr. - William Lamb, who having drawn together several springs of water to - one head, at a place which is now the end of Red Lion street, in - Holborn, erected a conduit there, and conveyed part of the water - through leaden pipes the space of two thousand yards to Snow hill, - where having rebuilt a ruinous conduit, which had been long disused, - he laid the water into it. The whole expense of this work, which was - finished March 26, 1577, amounted to 1500_l._ These conduits were - built with stone, with a lamb on the top: the former of these little - edifices gave its name to the adjacent fields, on which the Foundling - hospital is built; but obstructing the view of that truly noble - structure, it was taken down some years ago, and the water being - conveyed to the side of the street, a descent is made to the spring - head by a flight of stone steps. That on Snow hill has also been taken - down, and a pump adorned with lamps placed in its room; the advantage - the city receives from the New River water, rendering these - structures, which were formerly of great advantage, entirely useless. - -LAMB’S CONDUIT _Mews_, Millman street, Holborn. - -LAMB’S CONDUIT _passage_, Red Lion street.† - -LAMB’S _court_, Red Lion court.† - -LAMB _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields.† 2. Turnmill street.† - -LAMB’S _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate without.† 2. Nightingale lane, East - Smithfield. - -LAMBERT _hill_, generally called Lambeth hill, Thames street; was so - called from Lambert the owner thereof. _Maitland._ - -LAMBERT _street_, Goodman’s fields.† - -LAMBERT’S _rents_, Petticoat lane.† - -[Illustration: - - _Lambeth Palace._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Fougeron sculp._ -] - -LAMBETH, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, between Southwark - and Battersea, and near the south end of London bridge; is - particularly famous for its containing, for several ages, the palace - of the Archbishop of Canterbury. This structure was originally formed - by Baldwin, Archbishop of that see, in the year 1188; who first - intended to have raised a superb structure at Hackington, near this - place; but the Monks, with whom he was at variance, obtained the - Pope’s mandate against it; when, taking down what he had erected, he - removed the bell of the materials to Lambeth, with which he built the - palace, a college and church, having before purchased the ground of - the Bishop and Convent of Rochester, by a fair exchange. - - In the year 1250, Boniface, Archbishop of Canterbury, having, by his - arrogance, rendered himself hateful to the citizens of London, - retired, for the security of his person, to this palace; and finding - it in a ruinous condition, within the space of three years rebuilt the - whole north side, the archi-episcopal apartments, the library and - cloisters, the guard-chamber, the chapel, and Lollards tower. - - From that time this palace became the residence of the greatest - persons of the church, and was soon enlarged by many additional - buildings: Cardinal Pool built the gate, which, for that time, is a - noble structure. The Lollards tower, which is thus named from a room - in it prepared for the imprisonment of the followers of Wickliff, the - first British reformer, who were called Lollards, was finished by - Chichely, and remains a lasting memorial of his cruelty, and - antichristian spirit. It is a small room, twelve feet broad and nine - long, planked with elm, and there still remain eight rings and - staples, to which Christians were chained, for presuming to differ in - opinion from that prelate. The spacious hall was erected by Juxton, - and the brick edifice between the gate and this hall was begun by - Archbishop Sancroft, and finished by the immortal Tillotson. - - From the present structure being thus erected at different periods, it - is not at all surprizing that it has but little appearance of - uniformity; but the edifice, tho’ old, is in most parts strong; the - corners are faced with rustic, and the top surrounded with - battlements; but the principal apartments are well proportioned, and - well enlightened: the Gothic work about it is irregularly disposed, - and it is in itself irregular. Some of the inner rooms are too close - and confined; but there are many others open and pleasant in - themselves, with the advantage of being convenient, and of affording - very agreeable prospects. For as this palace is situated on the bank - of the Thames, it affords a fine view up and down the river, and, from - the higher apartments, a prospect of the country each way. - - The palace, with the rows of trees before it, and the church of - Lambeth adjoining, when viewed from the Thames, make a very pretty - picturesque appearance, and this is the view which is here given. - - In this palace is a very fine library, founded in the year 1610, by - Archbishop Sancroft, who left by will all his books, for the use of - his successors in the archi-episcopal see of Canterbury. This library - has been greatly increased by the benefactions of the Archbishops - Abbot, Sheldon, and Tennyson, and consists of 617 volumes in - manuscript, and above 14,500 printed books. - - The church, which stands by the palace, is a very antique structure, - dedicated to St. Mary. It has a square tower, and both that and the - body of the church are crowned with battlements. In this parish are - eight precincts, denominated the Archbishop’s, the Prince’s, Vauxhall, - Kennington, the Marsh, the Wall, Stockwell, and the Dean’s precinct. - It is remarkable, that at Lambeth Wall is a spot of ground, containing - an acre and nineteen poles, named Pedlar’s acre, which has belonged to - the parish from time immemorial, and is said to have been given by a - pedlar, upon condition that his picture, with that of his dog, be - perpetually preserved in painted glass in one of the windows of the - church; which the parishioners carefully performed in the south east - window of the middle isle. _Maitland._ - -LAMBETH BUTTS, Lambeth. - -LAMBETH MARSH, between Lambeth and Spring Gardens. - -LAMBETH _road_, Newington Butts. - -LAMBETH _School_, was founded by Richard Laurence, citizen and merchant - of London, in the year 1661, for educating twenty poor children of the - Marsh and Wall liberties of this parish, for which purpose he endowed - it with 35_l._ _per annum_. - -LAMBETH _stairs_, Lambeth. - -LANCASTER _college_, in the parish of St. Gregory near St. Paul’s, was a - hall founded by King Henry IV. and the executors of John of Gaunt, - Duke of Lancaster; containing lodgings and a common hall for charity - priests to officiate in a chapel, on the north side of the choir of - St. Paul’s cathedral; but it was suppressed, and granted to one Mr. - William Gunter, in the second year of Edward VI. _Maitland._ - -_Duchy of_ LANCASTER COURT, held at Gray’s Inn. This court owes its - origin to King Henry IV. after his having deposed Richard II. when, - possessing the duchy of Lancaster in right of his mother, he imagined - his claim to it better than that to the throne, and therefore - separated it from the Crown, and erected this court for its use. Here - all matters of law and equity, belonging to the duchy or county - palatine of Lancaster, are tried and determined by the Chancellor, who - is the chief judge, and is assisted by his attorney general, and other - officers. _Maitland._ - -_Duchy of_ LANCASTER LIBERTY, begins on the outside of Temple Bar, and - extending along the south side of the Strand to the east side of Cecil - street, reaches down it to the Thames, and thence to Essex Buildings, - taking in all the houses to Temple Bar. On the north side it extends - from Temple Bar to where the Maypole stood, and extending down - Holiwell street, commonly called the back of St. Clement’s, passes by - Butcher row, taking in all that range of buildings. Beyond the place - of the Maypole, this liberty begins again by the Fountain tavern in - Catharine street, and reaches from thence into the Strand, as far as - Exeter exchange; then turning up Burleigh street, it runs up within - four houses of the corner of Essex street, and, crossing it, proceeds - into Catharine street, by the Fountain tavern. _Stow, last edit._ - -LANCASTER _court_, 1. New Bond street. 2. In the Strand. - -LANCASTER _yard_, Holiwell street. - -LAND OF PROMISE _lane_, Hoxton. - -LANDRESS _alley_, Five feet lane. - -LANE’S _alley_, St. Giles’s Broadway.† - -LANE’S _court_, Cold Bath square, by Cold Bath fields.† - -LANGBOURN RIVULET, a brook which formerly took its rise in or near the - east end of Fenchurch street, and ran with a swift current due west, - to Sherbourn lane, at the west end of St. Mary Woolnoth; then dividing - its stream into several rills, ran directly south, and was lost in the - Wall Brook, on Dowgate hill. _Maitland._ - -LANGBOURN WARD, took its name from the Langbourn, or rivulet - above-mentioned. It is bounded on the north by Aldgate and Lime street - wards; on the west, by Wallbrook ward; on the south, by Candlewick, - Bridge, Billingsgate, and Tower street wards; and on the east, by - Aldgate ward. Its principal streets are great part of Fenchurch - street, and Lombard street, Exchange alley, Birchinlane, &c. - - The most remarkable buildings are, the churches of St. Mary Woolnoth, - St. Edmund the King, Allhallows Lombard street, and St. Dionis - Backchurch; the General Post office, Pewterers hall, and the hall - belonging to the Hudson’s Bay company. - - This ward is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, ten Common Council - men, seventeen wardmote inquest men, nine scavengers, fifteen - constables, and a beadle; and the jurors returned by the wardmote - inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of - November. - -LANGDON’S _rents_, Bett’s street. - -LANGLEY PARK, near Langley Green, in Buckinghamshire, belongs to the - Duke of Marlborough. The late Duke began to build a new house of stone - in this park, but one of the wings is yet wanting to compleat the - design, which is more remarkable for its elegance than grandeur. - -LANGLEY _street_, 1. Long Acre.† 2. Whitecross street.† - -LANG’S _court_, St. Martin’s lane.† - -LASSINGBY’S _court_, Conduit court, Long Acre.† - -LAST _alley_, 1. Cow Cross, West Smithfield.* 2. Whitechapel.* - -LAST AND BALL _court_, London Wall.* - -LATIMERS, a hamlet with a chapel of ease to Chesham in Bucks, received - its name from its ancient Lords. In this hamlet lived Sir Edwyn Sands, - whose daughter having four sons and nine daughters by her husband Sir - Thomas Temple, ancestor of the present Earl Temple, lived to see 700 - descended from her, and died in 1656. The Lord James Cavendish has - here a seat. - -LAVENDER _street_, near Cuckold’s Point. - -LAUGHTON’S _rents_, Cinnamon street.† - -_St._ LAWRENCE _Jewry_, on the north side of Cateaton street, in Cheap - ward, is thus denominated from its being dedicated to St. Lawrence, a - native of Huesca in the kingdom of Arragon in Spain, who, after having - suffered the most dreadful torments under the Emperor Valerian, was - cruelly broiled alive upon a gridiron, with a slow fire, till he died: - and it received the additional epithet of Jewry, from its situation - among the Jews, who formerly resided in the streets near that church; - to distinguish it from St. Lawrence Poultney, now demolished. - _Maitland._ - - This church being burnt, with many others, in the dreadful fire of - London in 1666, was rebuilt at the parish expence, with a very - considerable benefaction by Sir John Langham. - - It is eighty-one feet long, sixty-eight broad, forty feet high to the - roof, and the steeple 130 feet high. The body is enlightened by two - series of windows, the lower ones large and uniform, and the upper - small. At the east end is a pediment with niches supported by - Corinthian columns. The tower, which is lofty, is terminated by a - balustrade with plain pinnacles, and within this balustrade rises a - kind of lanthorn, which supports the base of the spire. - - This church is a vicarage in the gift of the Master and Scholars of - Baliol college in Oxford, and the profits of the Incumbent are much - augmented by the parish of St. Mary Magdalen Milk street being annexed - to it: he receives 120_l._ a year from the parish, and 20_l._ from - Baliol college. - -LAWRENCE _lane_, 1. From Cheapside to Cateaton street, near the above - church. 2. High street, St. Giles’s. 3. New street Lambeth. - -_St._ LAWRENCE _Poultney_, on the west side of St. Lawrence Poultney’s - lane, was so denominated from the above saint, and Mr. John Poultney, - who founded a college there; but the church being consumed in the - general conflagration in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was united - to that of St. Mary Abchurch. - -LAWRENCE POULTNEY _hill_, Canon street.† - -LAWRENCE POULTNEY _lane_, Canon street.† - -LEAD OFFICE, in Ingram’s court, Fenchurch street. This office belongs to - a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King William and - Queen Mary in the year 1692, under the title of _The Governor and - Company for melting down lead with pit and sea coal_. By this patent - they are empowered to raise a joint stock for the effectual carrying - on the business of smelting, or drawing lead from the ore with sea - coal instead of wood. - - This corporation is under the direction of a Governor, Deputy - Governor, and twelve Assistants. _Maitland._ - -LEADENHALL, a very large building of great antiquity in Leadenhall - street, with flat battlements leaded at the top, and a spacious square - in the middle. In this edifice are the warehouse for the selling of - leather, the Colchester baize hall, the meal warehouse, and the wool - hall. - -LEADENHALL MARKET, the largest market in the city of London, and perhaps - in Europe, consists of five considerable squares, or courts, the first - of which opens by a large Gothic gate into Leadenhall street. This - court, which is surrounded by the buildings called Leadenhall, is - surrounded with sheds for butchers, tanners, &c. As there is but - little meat sold here except beef, this is called the Beef market. - This square is on Tuesday a market for leather; on Thursdays the - waggons from Colchester, and other parts, come with baize, &c. and the - felmongers with wool; on Fridays it is a market for raw hides, and on - Saturdays for beef. - - Behind this market are two others separated by a range of buildings of - a considerable length, with shops and rooms on each side. In both - these are principally sold small meat, as mutton, veal, lamb, and - pork, and some of the shops sell beef. In the easternmost of these - markets is a market house supported on pillars, with vaults - underneath, and rooms above, with a clock and a bell tower, and - underneath are sold various sorts of provision. Beyond these is a very - spacious market for fowl. There is another called the Herb-market, - which has an entrance into Leadenhall street, but this does not - succeed. The passages into the above markets from Lime street and - Gracechurch street, are filled with the dealers in provisions of - various kinds. - -LEADENHALL _street_ extends from the end of Cornhill, at the corner of - Gracechurch street, to Aldgate street within. - -LEATHER _lane_, Holborn. - -LEATHERDRESSERS _yard_, Paul’s Alley. - -LEATHERHEAD, or LETHERHEAD, a small town in Surry, situated about four - miles to the S. W. of Epsom. It had formerly a market, which has been - discontinued above an hundred years. Here is a bridge over the river - Mole, which having sunk into the earth near Mickleham, at the foot of - Boxhill, rises again near this town, and runs through Cobham, to the - Thames at Moulsey. ’Tis pleasantly situated on a rising bank by the - side of the river, and in as good a situation for riding or hunting as - most within twenty miles of London, it having a fine, open, dry, - champaign country almost all round it. - -LEATHERSELLERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by - Henry VI. in the Year 1442. They are governed by a Prime, and three - Wardens, with twenty-six Assistants, and an hundred and fifty-six - liverymen, who at their admission pay a fine of 20_l._ each. - - By a grant of Henry VII. the Wardens of this corporation, or their - deputies, were impowered to have the inspection of sheeps, lambs, and - calves leather throughout the kingdom, in order the more effectually - to prevent frauds in those commodities. - -LEATHERSELLERS _hall_ in Little St. Helen’s, was part of the convent of - nuns dedicated to St. Helen, and considering the antiquity of its - building, has some of the best joiners and plaisterers work in the - kingdom. The entrance into the common hall is up a handsome flight of - stone steps from the court yard. The screen is magnificently adorned - with six columns of the Ionic order, enrichments, &c. and the ceiling - enriched with fretwork. - -_Boyle’s_ LECTURE. See the article BOYLE’S LECTURE. - -LEE’S _Almshouse_, upon the Narrow Wall, Lambeth, was erected by Gerard - Van Lee; and Valentine Van Lee, who was probably his son, gave the - eight poor inhabitants of this house, the sum of 5_l._ _per annum_, - for the term of five hundred Years. _Maitland._ - -LEE’S _court_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane.† 2. Hockley in the Hole.† - -LEE’S _street_, Red Lion square, Holborn.† - -LEG _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Long Acre.* 3. Shoreditch.* 4. - Tooley street.* - -LEG _court_, Peter street, Westminster.* - -_St._ LEGER’S _wharf_, Tooley street.† - -LEGGET’S _walk_, Upper Ground.† - -LEICESTER _fields_, a very handsome square, the inner part of which is - enclosed with iron rails, and adorned with grass plats and gravel - walks, in the center of which is an equestrian statue of his present - majesty gilt. The buildings with which this square is surrounded, are - very good, especially the north side, where is Leicester house, once - the seat of the Earl of Leicester, and now inhabited by her Royal - Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales. This is a large brick - building, neat and commodious, though not magnificent. It has a - spacious court before, and a fine garden behind it; there is here a - good collection of pictures; and from this house the square is - denominated. Next to this edifice is the house of Sir George Savile, - Bart. in which his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales resides at - present. - -LEICESTER _street_, 1. By Leicester fields.☐ 2. Liquorpond street. 3. - Warwick street, Haymarket. - -LEIGH’S _court_, St. Catharine’s lane.† - -LEITH HILL, near Boxhill in Surry, admired for affording one of the - noblest prospects in all Europe, of which Mr. Dennis gives a lively - description in his Letters familiar, moral and critical; we shall - therefore transcribe his words. “In a late journey,” says he, “which I - took into the Wild of Sussex, I passed over an hill which shewed me a - more transporting sight than ever the country had shewn me before, - either in England or Italy. The prospects which in Italy pleased me - most, were that of the Valdarno from the Apennines; that of Rome, and - the Mediterranean from the mountains of Viterbo; of Rome at forty, and - the Mediterranean at fifty miles distance from it; and that of the - Campagne of Rome from Tivoli and Frescati; from which two places you - see every foot of that famous Campagne, even from the bottom of Tivoli - and Frescati to the very foot of the mountain of Viterbo, without any - thing to intercept your sight. But from an hill which I passed in my - late journey into Sussex, I had a prospect more extensive than any of - these, and which surpassed them at once in rural charms, in pomp, and - in magnificence. The hill which I speak of, is called Leith Hill, and - is about five miles southward from Darking, about six from Box Hill, - and near twelve from Epsom. It juts itself out about two miles beyond - that range of hills which terminate the north downs to the south. When - I saw from one of these hills, at about two miles distance that side - of Leith Hill which faces the northern downs, it appeared the - beautifullest prospect I had ever seen: but after we had conquered the - hill itself, I saw a sight that would transport a stoic; a sight that - looked like enchantment and vision. Beneath us lay open to our view - all the wilds of Surry and Sussex, and a great part of that of Kent, - admirably diversified in every part of them with woods, and fields of - corn and pastures, every where adorned with stately rows of trees. - - “This beautiful vale is about thirty miles in breadth, and about sixty - in length, and is terminated to the south by the majestic range of the - southern hills, and the sea: and it is no easy matter to decide, - whether these hills, which appear at thirty, forty, fifty miles - distance, with their tops in the sky, seem more aweful and venerable, - or the delicious vale between you and them more inviting. About noon, - in a serene day, you may at thirty miles distance, see the very water - of the sea through a chasm of the mountains. And that which above all - makes it a noble and a wonderful prospect, is, that at the same time - that, at thirty miles distance, you behold the very water of the sea; - at the same time that you behold to the south, the most delicious - rural prospect in the world; at that very time, by a little turn of - your head towards the north, you look full over Box Hill, and see the - country beyond it, between that and London; and, over the very - stomacher of it, see St. Paul’s at twenty-five miles distance, and - London beneath it, and Highgate and Hampstead beyond it.” - -LEMON _street_, 1. Goodman’s fields.† 2. Lowman’s Pond row, Southwark.† - -LEMONTREE _yard_, Bedfordsbury.* - -_St._ LEONARD’S _Eastcheap_, was dedicated to Leonard, a French saint, - and mighty miracle-monger, and stood on the east side of Fish street - hill, near Little Eastcheap; but being destroyed by the fire of London - in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish is annexed to that of St. - Bennet’s Gracechurch street. _Maitland._ - -_St._ LEONARD’S _Foster lane_, was dedicated to the above-mentioned - saint, and stood on the west side of Foster lane, Cheapside; but - suffering in the fatal catastrophe of 1666, and not being rebuilt, the - parish is annexed to that of Christ’s Church. - -_St._ LEONARD’S _Shoreditch_. There was a church in this place dedicated - to the same saint in very early times, and there are records of a - dispute concerning itz in the reign of Henry II. The last structure, - which was a very mean heavy pile, stood till the year 1735, when the - inhabitants having the year before applied to parliament, it was - pulled down, and the present light and elegant edifice was soon after - erected in its room. _Strype’s edit. of Stow._ - - To this church there is an ascent by a double flight of plain steps, - which lead to a portico of the angular kind supported by four Doric - columns, and bearing an angular pediment. The body of the edifice is - plain, but well enlightened, and the steeple light, elegant and lofty. - The tower at a proper height has a series of Ionic columns, and on - their entablature are scrolls which support as many Corinthian columns - placed on pedestals, and supporting a dome, from whose crown rises a - series of columns of the Composite order, on whose entablature rests - the spire standing upon four balls, which give it an additional air of - lightness; and on the top, as usual, is a ball and fane. - - This church is both a rectory and a vicarage; but the distinct rights - of the Rector and Vicar are said to be not thoroughly ascertained; - however the profits of the vicarage amount to about 350_l._ a year. - -LEOPARD _alley_, Saffron hill.* - -LEOPARD’S _court_, Baldwin’s Gardens. - -LESTER’S _yard_, Bluegate fields.† - -LEVERIDGE’S _yard_, Nightingale lane.† - -LEWISHAM, a town in Kent, situated on the river Ravensburn, between - Blackheath and Surry. Here are two free schools, of which the - Leathersellers company in London are Governors. - -LEWIS’S _yard_, 1. Greenbank, Wapping.† 2. Saffron hill.† - -LEYDON _street_, Shadwell market.† - -LIDIER’S _court_, Saltpetre bank.† - -LIFEGUARD _yard_, Oxford street. - -LILLEY’S _alley_, Saffron hill.† - -LILLIPOT _lane_, Noble street, Foster lane.† - -LIMEHOUSE, was anciently a village above two miles distant from the city - of London, though it is now joined by a continued chain of buildings: - its original name was Limehurst, which has been corrupted to - Limehouse, This, according to Mr. Stow, is a Saxon word signifying a - grove of lime trees, and it was given to this village, on account of - the number of those trees anciently in that neighbourhood. - -LIMEHOUSE _bridge_, Limehouse. - -LIMEHOUSE _causeway_, Limehouse. - -LIMEHOUSE _corner_, Limehouse. - -LIMEHOUSE _dock_, Narrow street, Limehouse. - -LIMEHOUSE _Fore street_, at the end of Ratcliff Narrow street. - -LIMEHOUSE HOLE, Limehouse. - -LIMEHOUSE HOLE _stairs_, Limehouse. - -LIMEHOUSE HOLE _street_, Limehouse. - -LIMEHOUSE _road_, White Horse street. - -LIMEKILN _dock_, Limehouse. - -LIMEKILN _hill_, Limehouse. - -LIMEKILN _yard_, Limehouse. - -LIME _street_, extends from Leadenhall street into Fenchurch street, and - is thus called from its being anciently a place where lime was either - made or sold. _Maitland._ - -LIME STREET _square_, Lime street. - -LIME STREET WARD, is very small, and is bounded on the north and east by - Aldgate ward; on the south by Langbourn ward; and on the west, by - Bishopsgate ward. It is observable that there is no church, nor whole - street in this ward, though it runs through several parishes. Its - principal buildings are the East India House, and Leadenhall. - - To this ward belong an Alderman and four Common Council men, including - the Deputy, four constables, two scavengers, sixteen wardmote inquest - men, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve - as jurors in the several courts in Guildhall, in the month of - November. - -LIME TREE _court_, Narrow wall, Southwark.‡ - -LIMPSFIELD, a village near Croydon in Surry, in the Kent road. - -LINCOLN’S INN, one of the four Inns of Court, is situated on the west - side of Chancery lane, where formerly stood the houses of the Bishop - of Chichester and of the Black Friars, the latter erected about the - year 1222, and the former about 1226; but both of them coming to Henry - Lacey, Earl of Lincoln, he built in their room a stately mansion for - his city residence. It however afterwards reverted to the bishopric of - Chichester, and was demised by Robert Sherbourn, Bishop of that see, - to Mr. William Syliard, a student there, for a term of years; after - the expiration of which Dr. Richard Sampson, his successor, in the - year 1536 passed the inheritance thereof to the said Syliard and - Eustace his brother; and the latter, in 1579, in consideration of the - sum of 500_l._ conveyed the house and gardens in fee to Richard - Kingsmill and the rest of the benchers. - - The charge of admission into this house, including fees, amount to - 5_l._ and every student, after studying there seven years, is admitted - to the bar. The members are obliged to be a fortnight in commons every - term, on the penalty of paying 18_s._ in case of absence. _Stow._ - _Maitland._ - - Lincoln’s Inn principally consists of three rows of good buildings, - all taken up by gentlemen of the society. These form three sides of - the square, and here the buildings are all new and uniform, the north - side lying open to the gardens, which are greatly improved with gravel - walks, grass plats, rows of trees, and a very long terrace walk, which - affords a fine prospect of Lincoln’s Inn Fields. In the middle of the - square is a neat fluted Corinthian column in a small bason surrounded - with iron bars. This column supports a handsome sun dial, which has - four sides, and on the corners of the pedestal are four naked boys - spouting water out of Tritons’ shells. This is one of the neatest - squares in town, and tho’ it is imperfect on one side, that very - defect produces a beauty by giving a prospect of the gardens, which - are only separated from it by iron rails, and fill the space to - abundantly more advantage. No area is kept in better order for - cleanliness and beauty by day, or illuminations and decorum by night. - The fountain in the middle is a pretty decoration. The print - represents as much of the square as could be taken in the visual angle - at one view, with the fountain in the middle, as it appears coming - into it from Portugal row. This is one of the most considerable Inns - of Court possessed by the gentlemen of the law. Here is a good hall - and chapel of Gothic architecture. The latter was built by Inigo - Jones, who notwithstanding his skill and reputation in architecture, - could not persuade them to have it in any other stile. - - The above gardens, which are extremely pleasant and commodious, are, - like those of Gray’s Inn, laid open for public use; the greatest part - of the west side of the square is taken up with the offices belonging - to the stamp duty. See STAMP OFFICE. - - A little behind the north east side of the square is the above chapel, - which was built about the year 1622 or 1623, on pillars, with an - ambulatory or walk underneath, paved with broad stones. This walk, - particularly when illuminated by the lamps, inspires the mind with a - kind of melancholy pleasure, that may be better felt than described. - The outside of the chapel is a good piece of Gothic architecture, and - the windows are painted with the figures at full length of the - principal personages mentioned in the sacred Scriptures. On the twelve - windows on the north side, are Abraham, Moses, Eli, David, and the - prophets Daniel, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Amos, and Zachariah, with - John the Baptist, and St. Paul, and on the south side are the rest of - the Apostles. Under these figures are the arms of a great number of - the gentlemen belonging to this society. The colours in these - paintings being extremely bright and beautiful, it is not at all - surprizing that these pictures on glass should be much admired, though - the designs are in reality but poor, and there is little expression in - the faces. - - In the old buildings fronting the garden beyond the square, is the - library, which consists of a good collection of books in several - languages and faculties. - - -[Illustration: - - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Fougeron sculp._ - _Lincoln’s Inn._ -] - - -LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, is universally allowed to be the largest, and one - of the most beautiful squares in London, if not in Europe. It is - encompassed on three sides by houses, and on the east by the wall of - the terrace of Lincoln’s Inn garden. The north side is called Newman’s - row, the west side Arch row, the south side Portugal row, and the east - side Lincoln’s Inn wall. This square was originally laid out by the - masterly hand of Inigo Jones, and it is said that the sides of it are - the exact measure of the great Pyramid of Egypt. It was intended to - have been built all in the same stile; but there were not a sufficient - number of people of taste, to accomplish so great a work. The house - which was late the Duke of Ancaster’s, is built on this model; but - elevated and improved so as to make it more suitable to the quality of - the owner. It has that simple grandeur which characterises all the - designs of the celebrated Inigo Jones. The print here given of it may - serve to convey some idea not only of this particular house, but of - the noble appearance which the whole square would have made had it - been all built after this fine design. - - Some of the houses however in this square are grand and noble, but - they are far from having that beauty which arises from uniformity. The - square is now adorned with a fine bason in the middle, well supplied - with water; and with grass plats and gravel walks, encompassed with an - iron pallisade fixed upon a stone plinth, at a proper distance from - the buildings. - -LINCOLN’S INN _gate_, on the south side of Lincoln’s Inn square. - -LINCOLN’S INN _passage_, on the west side of Lincoln’s Inn square. - -LINTON’S _court_, Near New Gravel lane.† - -LINTON’S _lane_, Newington Butts.† - -LINTON’S _yard_, Milk yard, Shadwell.† - -LION AND LAMB _alley_, Golden lane.* - -LION’S _court_, Lutener’s Lane.† - -LION’S INN, anciently a common Inn, with the sign of the Lion, is one of - the Inns in Chancery, and is situated between Holiwell street and Wych - street. It is a member of the Inner Temple, and is governed by a - Treasurer and twelve Ancients, who with the other members are to be - three weeks in commons in Michaelmas term, and a fortnight in each of - the rest. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ _Maitland._ - -LION’S INN _court_, Lion’s Inn.* - -LION’S _key_, Thames street.† - -LION’S _street_, Bloomsbury.† - -LION’S _yard_, Whitecross street.† - -LIQUORPOND _street_, Leather lane. - -LISLE _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.† - -LISSHAM _Green_, a pleasant village near Paddington. - -LITCHFIELD _street_, Soho. - -LITTLE ALMONRY, by the Great Almonry, Westminster; so named from the - alms given there. See the next article. - -LITTLE ALMONRY _Almshouse_, situated in the Little Almonry, was founded - by Henry VII. for the accommodation of twelve poor watermen and their - wives, who annually receive of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster - 7_l._ 2_s._ 4_d._ each couple, with a purple gown every other year; - and for the burial of a Duke, Marquis, or their Ladies in the Abbey, - 1_l._ 6_s._ 6_d._ and for that of an Earl, Baron, or their Ladies, - 10_s._ 6_d._ - -LITTLE _St._ ANDREW’S _street_, Seven Dials. - -LITTLE _St._ ANN’S _lane_, 1. Old Pye street. 2. Peter street, - Westminster. - -LITTLE ARGYLE _street_, Argyle street, Great Marlborough street.† - -LITTLE ARTHUR _street_, Great Arthur street, Goswell street.† - -LITTLE ASHENTREE _court_, Water lane.‡ - -LITTLE AYLIFF _street_, Goodman’s Fields.† - -LITTLE BACON _street_, Brick lane.† - -LITTLE BAILEY _street_, Little Tower hill.† - -LITTLE BANDYLEG _walk_, Queen street. - -LITTLE BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, Little Britain. - -LITTLE BEAR _key_, Thames street. See BEAR _key_. - -LITTLE BELL _alley_, 1. Coleman street.* 2. Grub street.* - -LITTLE BENNET’S _court_, Marygold court.† - -LITTLE BLACK HORSE _court_, Aldersgate street. - -LITTLE BOOTH _street_, Coverley’s fields. - -LITTLE BOSS _alley_, Thames street. - -LITTLE BRICK _lane_, Nicol’s street. - -LITTLE BRIDGES _street_, Bridges street.† - -LITTLE BRITAIN, extends from Aldersgate street to Duck lane. This was - anciently called Britain street, from the Duke of Britany’s palace - situated in it near St. Botolph’s church. - -LITTLE BROAD _street_, Broad street, London wall. - -LITTLE BROOK’S _street_, Grosvenor square.† - -LITTLE BUSH _lane_, Thames street. - -LITTLE BUR _street_, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.† - -LITTLE CABLE _street_, 1. Cable street, Rag Fair.† 2. Wellclose square.† - -LITTLE CARTER _lane_, Old Change.† - -LITTLE CASTLE _street_, Winsley street.* - -LITTLE CATHARINE _street_, In the Strand. - -LITTLE CHANDOS _street_, St. Martin’s lane. - -LITTLE CHAPEL _street_, 1. Great Wardour street. 2. By New Chapel - street, Westminster. - -LITTLE CHEAPSIDE, Three Cranes, Thames street. - -LITTLE CHEAPSIDE _yard_, Three Crane alley. - -LITTLE COCK _alley_, 1. Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 2. Whitecross - street, Cripplegate.* - -LITTLE COCK _hill_, Ratcliff.† - -LITTLE _court_, 1. Duke’s Place, by Aldgate. 2. St. Mary Overies church - yard. - -LITTLE CROW _alley_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* - -LITTLE CROWDER’S WELL _alley_, Jewin street. - -LITTLE CROWN _alley_, Long Alley, Moorfields.* - -LITTLE DEAN’S _court_, St. Martin’s le Grand. - -LITTLE DEAN’S _yard_, Dean’s Yard, Westminster. - -LITTLE DICE _key_, Thames street. - -LITTLE DISTAFF _lane_, Old Change. - -LITTLE DRURY _lane_, in the Strand. - -LITTLE DUKE’S PLACE, or _court_, Leadenhall street. - -LITTLE DUNNING’S _alley_, near Bishopsgate street.† - -LITTLE EARL _street_, Seven Dials.† - -LITTLE EASTCHEAP, Gracechurch street. - -LITTLE ELBOW _lane_, 1. In Great Elbow lane, Thames street. 2. Ratcliff. - -LITTLE ESSEX _street_, Essex street, in the Strand. - -LITTLE FLOWER DE LUCE _court_, Cowcross.* - -LITTLE FRIARS _gate_, Fleet street, leading to White Friars. - -LITTLE FRIDAY _street_, Friday street, Cheapside. - -LITTLE GEORGE _street_, 1. Great George street, Conduit street. 2. Great - George street, Spitalfields. - -LITTLE GLOUCESTER _court_, Chequer alley, Whitecross street. - -LITTLE GLOUCESTER _street_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate. - -LITTLE GRAY’S INN _lane_, Gray’s Inn lane, Holborn. - -LITTLE GREENWICH, Aldersgate street. - -LITTLE GREENWICH _alley_, Aldersgate street. - -LITTLE GROSVENOR _street_, Grosvenor square. - -LITTLE GUN _alley_, Orchard, Wapping.* - -LITTLE HART _street_, near Covent Garden. - -LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S, Bishopsgate street. See _St._ HELEN’S. - -LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S _Almshouse_, was erected by the Leathersellers - company, pursuant to the will of John Hasilwood, of Waltham, Esq; in - the year 1544, for the reception of four men and three women, who were - allowed by the founder only 8_d._ per week each; but by other - benefactions, and the bounty of the company, they now receive 2_s._ - weekly, and six bushels of coals at Christmas. _Maitland._ - -LITTLE _St._ HELEN’S _court_, Bishopsgate street within. - -LITTLE HERMITAGE _street_, Wapping. - -LITTLE HOLLIS’S _street_, Hanover square.† - -LITTLE HOWARD’S _yard_, Angel alley.† - -LITTLE JERMAIN _street_, St. James’s street. - -LITTLE JOHN’S _street_, Davis’s street. - -LITTLE ISLAND, New Gravel lane. - -LITTLE IVY _lane_, Ivy lane.‡ - -LITTLE KING’S HEAD _court_, near Shoe lane, Fleet street. - -LITTLE KING’S _street_, St. James’s street. - -LITTLE KIRBY _street_, Hatton garden.† - -LITTLE KNIGHTRIDER _street_, Great Knightrider street, by Addle hill. - -LITTLE LAMB _alley_, Blackman street.* - -LITTLE LAST _alley_, East Smithfield.* - -LITTLE LOMBARD _street_, Lombard street, by the Mansion house. - -LITTLE LOVE _lane_, Wood street, Cheapside. - -LITTLE MADDOX _street_, New Bond street. - -LITTLE MARLBOROUGH _street_, Carnaby street. - -LITTLE MARSH _yard_, near Wapping. - -LITTLE _St._ MARTIN’S _lane_, Charing Cross. - -LITTLE MATCH _walk_, Upper Shadwell. - -LITTLE MAYPOLE _alley_, St. Margaret’s hill. - -LITTLE MAZEPOND _street_, in the Maze. - -LITTLE MINORIES, that part of the Minories which is railed in, and is - out of the city liberties. See the article MINORIES. - -LITTLE MINORIES _court_, Little Minories. - -LITTLE MITCHELL’S _street_, Old street.† - -LITTLE MONTAGUE _court_, Little Britain. - -LITTLE MONTAGUE _street_, 1. Crispin street, Spitalfields. 2. Pelham - street. - -LITTLE MOORFIELDS, Fore street, Moorgate. - -LITTLE MOOR _yard_, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.† - -LITTLE MOUSE _alley_, East Smithfield. - -LITTLE NEW _court_, Lamb alley. - -LITTLE NEWPORT _street_, Great Newport lane. - -LITTLE NEW _street_, New street, Shoe lane. - -LITTLE NEW STREET _hill_, near Shoe lane. - -LITTLE NIGHTINGALE _lane_, Burr street. - -LITTLE NORTHUMBERLAND _alley_, Crutched Friars. - -LITTLE NOTTINGHAM _street_, Dyot street. - -LITTLE OLD BAILEY, Great Old Bailey. - -LITTLE ORMOND _street_, 1. Southampton row. 2. Red Lion street, Holborn. - -LITTLE ORMOND _yard_, Ormond street. - -LITTLE PEARL _street_, Lamb street, Spitalfields.* - -LITTLE PETER _street_, 1. Little Windmill street. 2. Tufton street. - -LITTLE PORTLAND _street_, Portland street. - -LITTLE PRESCOT _street_, Goodman’s fields.† - -LITTLE PRINCE’S _street_, 1. Near High Holborn. 2. Old Soho. - -LITTLE QUEEN _street_, 1. Dean street, Soho. 2. High Holborn. 3. King - street, Rotherhith. 4. Queen street, Wapping. 5. Westminster. - -LITTLE RIDER’S _court_, Little Newport street.† - -LITTLE RIDER _street_, St. James’s street.† - -LITTLE ROPE _walk_, Goswell street. - -LITTLE RUSSEL _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Drury lane. - -LITTLE RUTLAND _court_, Addle hill. - -LITTLE SANCTUARY, King street, Westminster. - -LITTLE SCOTLAND _yard_, Whitehall. - -LITTLE SHEER _lane_, Sheer lane, Temple bar. - -LITTLE SMITH _street_, Smith street, Marsham street.† - -LITTLE SPRING _street_, Spring street, Shadwell. - -LITTLE STAR _alley_, Mark lane.* - -LITTLE STONE _stairs_, Ratcliff. - -LITTLE SUFFOLK _street_, Haymarket. - -LITTLE SWALLOW _street_, Swallow street. - -LITTLE SWAN _alley_, 1. Coleman street.* 2. Goswell street.* 3. Mount - Mill.* 4. St. John’s street, West Smithfield.* 5. Three colts yard, - London Wall.* - -LITTLE SWORDBEARERS _alley_, Chiswell street. - -LITTLE _St._ THOMAS APOSTLE’S _lane_, Queen street, Cheapside. - -LITTLE THOMPSON’S _rents_, Half Moon alley, Coleman street.† - -LITTLE THREE TUN _alley_, Near Whitechapel.* - -LITTLE TOWER HILL, At the bottom of the Minories. - -LITTLE TOWER _street_, At the west end of Tower street. - -LITTLE TRINITY _lane_, In Trinity lane, Bow lane. - -LITTLE TURNSTILE _alley_, High Holborn. - -LITTLE TWYFORD’S _alley_, St. Ermin’s hill.† - -LITTLE VINE _street_, Vine street.* - -LITTLE WARDOUR _street_, Tweed street. - -LITTLE WARNER _street_, Cold Bath fields.† - -LITTLE WARWICK _street_, Cockspur street. - -LITTLE WHITE BEAR _court_, Black Friars.* - -LITTLE WHITE LION _street_, Seven Dials.* - -LITTLE WILD _street_, Great Wild street.† - -LITTLE WINCHESTER _street_, London Wall. - -LITTLE WINDMILL _street_, Near Cambridge street. - -LITTLE WOOD _street_, Cripplegate. - -LITTLE YORK _street_, Cock lane, Shoreditch. - -LITTLETON _street_, Golden lane.† - -LITTON _street_, Golden lane.† - -LLOYD’S _court_, 1. Denmark street, Soho.† 2. Hog lane, St. Giles’s.† - -LLOYD’S _street_, Prince’s street, Soho.† - -LLOYD’S _yard_, Skinner’s street.† - -LOCK HOSPITAL, near Hyde Park Corner, for the cure of the venereal - disease. This charitable foundation was established, and is still - supported by the voluntary contributions of gentlemen, who have had - the humanity to consider, that pain and misery, however produced, - entitle frail mortals to relief from their fellow creatures. They - therefore, in imitation of the munificence of the Almighty, who causes - his sun to shine on the evil and the good, afford relief equally to - the innocent and the guilty. - - Patients were first received into this hospital on the 31st of January - 1747, since which time to the 10th of March 1752, there were - discharged from it 1432; besides those who received benefit from it, - by being out-patients; and the in-patients cured from the 10th of - March 1752, to the 10th of March 1753, amounted to 308; besides - twenty-one cured as out-patients. In that year four died, and at that - last period, there were forty patients in the house, and five - out-patients. - - Among the above unhappy objects were several married women, children - and infants, many of whom were admitted by the weekly committee, even - without any other recommendation than their distress, they being - almost naked, pennyless and starving. The virtuous, the humane reader - will be astonished at reading, that at the end of the above period, - among the other miserable objects who found relief, were upwards of - sixty children from two to ten or twelve years old, who became - infected from ways little suspected by the generality of mankind; from - the absurd opinion, imbibed by the lower class, both males and - females, that by communicating this loathsome disease to one that is - sound, they will get rid of it themselves; and from this principle, - which is contradicted by daily experience, the most horrid acts of - barbarity have been frequently committed on poor little infants; and - thus these vile wretches have entailed the most dreadful disease on - these innocent infants, without affording the least relief to - themselves. This the Governors have thought their duty to publish, in - order, as much as possible, to root out from among mankind an opinion - at once so base, so false, and productive of such cruelty. - - From the above account of the happy success of this charity, its great - usefulness must appear extremely obvious to every humane well disposed - person: and many such may be induced to contribute to it, when they - are informed that any sum not less than a guinea a year, will be - acceptable. - - Every gentleman subscribing 5_l._ a year, or upwards, is a Governor of - this hospital; and whoever gives a benefaction of 50_l._ at one time, - is a Governor for life: but no Governor above two years in arrear, can - have any power or privilege as a Governor, till he has paid his - arrears. - - A committee of at least five of the Governors meet every Saturday - morning at ten o’clock, to admit and discharge patients, adjust the - weekly accounts, receive the reports of the visitors, and examine the - affairs of the house. - - Two of the contributors are appointed weekly by the committee to - examine every day into the behaviour of the patients and nurses, and - make their report, as it shall appear to them, at the next weekly - board. - - The orders of the house are: - - I. That no patient is to be admitted but who brings a recommendation - in writing, signed by a Governor, or one of the weekly committee. - - II. That all recommendations for the admission of patients are - received every Saturday morning till eleven o’clock. - - III. Every patient is obliged to submit to the rules and orders of the - house, or be discharged for irregularity. - - IV. No person discharged for irregularity, can ever be received into - the house again, on any recommendation whatsoever. - - V. That no Governor have more than one patient in the house at a time; - and that a preference be always given to those who subscribe the - largest sums, so far as the case of the patient will admit. - - VI. That no nurse, or any other person belonging to this hospital, do - presume to take any reward whatsoever from any patient, either at - their admission, continuance in the house, or discharge out of it, on - pain of being immediately expelled, by order of the next weekly board. - - VII. That no security at the admission of any patient be required for - his burial; but when any patient dies in the hospital, he or she shall - be buried at the expence of the society, unless it be otherwise - desired by the friends of the deceased. - - The contributors are desired to send their subscriptions to the - Treasurer at the weekly board, held every Saturday morning in the - hospital; and in order to supply the current expence of the charity, - the subscribers are requested to pay their annual subscriptions in - advance. - - There is a poor’s box in the public hall, for the reception of small - sums, or from such as are not willing to have their names inserted in - the list of subscribers. - -LOCK HOSPITAL, at the south east corner of Kent street, in Southwark, - was anciently a house for the reception and cure of lepers: but at - present it belongs to St. Bartholomew’s hospital in this city, and - with the Lock at Kingsland, is appropriated to the cure of venereal - patients. - - It is a small neat edifice, and has been lately rebuilt. It has a row - of trees before, and a garden behind, with a wall next the street. At - the south end is the chapel, built about an hundred and twenty years - ago. - -LOCK HOSPITAL, at Kingsland. See KINGSLAND. - -LOCKWOOD’S _yard_, Saffron hill.† - -LODISE’S _alley_, Saltpetre Bank.† - -LODISE’S _court_, Saltpetre Bank.† - -LOGSDOWN _yard_, Middle row, Holborn. - -LOLLARDS TOWER, the southernmost of two stone towers which stood at the - west of St. Paul’s cathedral before the fire of London; which being - used as the Bishop of London’s prison for such as were found guilty of - the supposed crime of maintaining opinions contrary to the faith of - the church of Rome, and many of the followers of Wickliff, who were - called Lollards, being here imprisoned, it obtained the name of the - Lollards Tower. Among these persecuted people were Mr. Richard Hunne, - a citizen of London, a person well beloved, and of a fair character, - who in the year 1515 was imprisoned here, under the pretence of having - Wickliff’s bible; tho’ the occasion of his ruin was a dispute he had - with a clerk about a mortuary, which was made the cause of the whole - clergy. This man however submitted to the Bishop’s correction, upon - which he ought to have been enjoined penance and set at liberty; but - he was found hanging in his chamber, with his neck broken; and the - Bishop’s sumner owned that he, with Dr. Horsey the Bishop’s - chancellor, and the bell-ringer, had committed the murder. Upon this - the coroner’s inquest proceeded to trial; but the Bishop began a new - process against the dead body for heresy, and his persecutors not - satisfied with having him murdered, caused the corpse to be burnt in - Smithfield. _Maitland._ - -LOLLARDS TOWER, at Lambeth. See LAMBETH. - -LOMBARD _court_, 1. Seven Dials. 2. West street, Soho. - -LOMBARD _street_, 1. On the back of Cornhill, extends from the mansion - house of the Lord Mayor, to Gracechurch street. Lombard street was - anciently, as well as at present, inhabited by bankers, the first of - whom were Italians chiefly from Lombardy, whence the word Lombards - became anciently applied to all bankers, and this street retained the - name of Lombards or Bankers street. _Stow._ 2. In Coverley’s fields. - 3. In White Friars. 4. In the Mint, Southwark. - - - _The End of the_ THIRD VOLUME. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - ● Transcriber’s Notes: - ○ Some of the illustrations have been moved to be closer to their - descriptions. - ○ The decorative line that separates chapters was missing from - chapter “L”. Perhaps because it is the only chapter, after the - first, that begins at the top of a page. The decorative line from - an earlier chapter was used. - ○ There is no section for streets and buildings beginning with the - letter “I”. They are mixed in with the “J”s. - ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. - ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. - ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only - when a predominant form was found in this book. - ○ The use of a carat (^) before one or more letters shows they were - intended to be superscripts, as in S^t Bartholomew or L^{d.} - Egemont. - ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of London and Its Environs Described, -vol. 3 (of 6), by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS, VOL 3 *** - -***** This file should be named 60016-0.txt or 60016-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/0/1/60016/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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