diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-0.txt | 9657 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-0.zip | bin | 155723 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h.zip | bin | 1237198 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/60008-h.htm | 12561 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 95003 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/doodad.jpg | bin | 10222 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i006.jpg | bin | 96938 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i060.jpg | bin | 97494 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i068.jpg | bin | 96707 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i071.jpg | bin | 95814 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i114.jpg | bin | 97978 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i129.jpg | bin | 95697 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i209.jpg | bin | 97577 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i263.jpg | bin | 98044 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i300.jpg | bin | 92528 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/60008-h/images/i301.jpg | bin | 94566 -> 0 bytes |
19 files changed, 17 insertions, 22218 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84a2ba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #60008 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60008) diff --git a/old/60008-0.txt b/old/60008-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 5b09153..0000000 --- a/old/60008-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9657 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of London and its Environs Described, v. 5 (of -6), by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: London and its Environs Described, v. 5 (of 6) - Containing an Account of whatever is most Remarkable for - Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: July 29, 2019 [EBook #60008] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - LONDON - - AND ITS - - ENVIRONS - - DESCRIBED. - - VOL. V. - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - LONDON - - AND ITS - - ENVIRONS - - DESCRIBED. - - - CONTAINING - -An Account of whatever is most remarkable for GRANDEUR, ELEGANCE, -CURIOSITY or USE, - - - In the CITY and in the COUNTRY - Twenty Miles round it. - - COMPREHENDING ALSO - Whatever is most material in the History and Antiquities - of this great Metropolis. - - -Decorated and illustrated with a great Number of Views in Perspective, -engraved from original Drawings, taken on purpose for this Work. - - - Together with a PLAN of LONDON, - A Map of the ENVIRONS, and several other - useful CUTS. - - - VOL. V. - - - LONDON: - Printed for R. and J. DODSLEY in Pall Mall. - - ---------- - - M DCC LXI. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -[Illustration: - - _Monument._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - LONDON - - AND ITS - - ENVIRONS - - DESCRIBED, &c. - - - - - MON - - -MONUMENT, a noble fluted column, erected by order of parliament, in -commemoration of the burning and rebuilding of the city, on the east -side of Fish street hill, in a square open to the street. - -This stately column, which is of the Doric order, was begun by Sir -Christopher Wren, in the year 1671, and completed by that great -architect in 1677. It much exceeds, in height, the pillars at Rome of -the Emperors Trajan and Antoninus, the stately remains of Roman -grandeur; or that of Theodosius at Constantinople; for the largest of -the Roman columns, which was that of Antoninus, was only 172 feet and a -half in height, and 12 feet 3 inches, English measure, in diameter. But -the diameter of this column at the base, is 15 feet, and consequently it -is 120 feet high; the height of the pedestal is 40, and the cippus or -meta with the urn on the top 42, making 202 feet in the whole. On the -cap of the pedestal, at the angles, are four dragons (the supporters of -the city arms) and between them trophies, with symbols of regality, -arts, sciences, commerce, &c. - -Within is a large staircase of black marble, containing 345 steps, 10 -inches and a half broad, and 6 inches in thickness, and by these there -is an ascent to the iron balcony (which is the abacus of the column). -Over the capital is an iron balcony, encompassing a cone 32 feet high, -supporting a blazing urn of brass, gilt. - -In the place of this urn, which was set up contrary to Sir Christopher’s -opinion, was originally intended a colossal statue, in brass, gilt, of -King Charles II. as founder of the new city, after the manner of the -Roman pillars, which terminated with the statues of their Cæsars; or -else a figure erect of a woman crowned with turrets, holding a sword and -cap of maintenance, with other ensigns of the city’s grandeur and -re-erection. - -Prior to this, the same gentleman made a design of a pillar of somewhat -less proportion, viz. 14 feet in diameter, and after a peculiar device: -for as the Romans expressed by _relievo_ on the pedestals, and round the -shafts of their columns, the history of such actions and incidents as -were intended to be thereby commemorated; so this monument of the -conflagration and resurrection of the city of London was represented by -a pillar in flames; the flames, blazing from the loop-holes of the -shaft, intended to give light to the stairs within, were in brass work -gilt, and on the top was a phœnix rising from her ashes, also of brass -gilt. _Parentalia._ - -The west side of the pedestal is adorned with curious emblems, by the -masterly hand of Mr. Cibber, father to the late Poet Laureat, in which -the eleven principal figures are done in _alto_, and the rest in _basso -relievo_. The principal figure, to which the eye is particularly -directed, is a female, representing the city of London, sitting in a -languishing posture on a heap of ruins: her head droops, her hair is -dishevelled, and her hand, with an air of languor, lies carelessly on -her sword. Behind is Time, gradually raising her up: at her side, a -woman, representing Providence, gently touches her with one hand, while -with a winged scepter in the other, she directs her to regard two -Goddesses in the clouds, one with a cornucopia, denoting Plenty, the -other with a palm branch, the emblem of Peace. At her feet is a -bee-hive, to shew that by industry and application the greatest -misfortunes may be overcome. Behind Time, are citizens exulting at his -endeavours to restore her; and, beneath, in the midst of the ruins, is a -dragon, the supporter of the city arms, who endeavours to preserve them -with his paw. Still farther, at the north end, is a view of the city in -flames; the inhabitants in consternation, with their arms extended -upward, and crying out for succour. - -On the other side, on an elevated pavement, stands King Charles II. in a -Roman habit, with his temples incircled by a wreath of laurel, and -approaching the figure representing the city, with a truncheon in his -hand, seems to command three of his attendants to descend to her relief: -the first represents the Sciences, with wings on her head, and a circle -of naked boys dancing upon it, holding in her hand Nature, with her -numerous breasts ready to give assistance to all: the second is, -Architecture, with a plan in one hand, and a square and pair of -compasses in the other: and the third is, Liberty, waving a hat in the -air, shewing her joy at the pleasing prospect of the city’s speedy -recovery. Behind the King, stands his brother the Duke of York, with a -garland in one hand to crown the rising city, and a sword in the other -for her defence. Behind him are Justice and Fortitude, the former with a -coronet, and the latter with a reined lion. In the pavement, under the -Sovereign’s feet, appears Envy peeping from her cell, and gnawing a -heart; and in the upper part of the back ground the re-construction of -the city is represented by scaffolds, erected by the sides of unfinished -houses, with builders and labourers at work upon them. - -The other sides of the pedestal have, each, a Latin inscription. That on -the north side may be thus rendered. - - ‘In the year of Christ 1666, the second day of September, - eastward from hence, at the distance of 202 feet, (the height of - this column) about midnight, a most terrible fire broke out, - which, driven by a high wind, not only laid waste the adjacent - parts, but also places very remote, with incredible noise and - fury: it consumed 89 churches, the city gates, Guildhall, many - public structures, hospitals, schools, libraries, a vast number - of stately edifices, 13,200 dwelling houses, 400 streets: of - twenty-six wards it utterly destroyed fifteen, and left eight - others shattered and half burnt. The ruins of the city were 436 - acres, from the Tower by the Thames side to the Temple church, - and from the north east, along the city wall, to Holborn bridge. - To the estates and fortunes of the citizens it was merciless, - but to their lives very favourable. That it might, in all - things, resemble the last conflagration of the world, the - destruction was sudden; for in a small space of time, the same - city was seen most flourishing, and reduced to nothing. Three - days after, when this fatal fire had, in the opinion of all, - baffled all human counsels and endeavours, it stopped, as it - were, by a command from heaven, and was on every side - extinguished.’ - -The inscription on the south side is translated thus: - - ‘Charles the Second, son of Charles the Martyr, King of Great - Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, a most - gracious Prince, commiserating the deplorable state of things, - whilst the ruins were yet smoaking, provided for the comfort of - his citizens, and ornament of his city, remitted their taxes, - and referred the petition of the magistrates and inhabitants to - parliament; who immediately passed an act, that public works - should be restored to greater beauty, with public money, to be - raised by an impost on coals; that the churches, and the - cathedral of St. Paul’s, should be rebuilt from their - foundations, with the utmost magnificence: that bridges, gates, - and prisons should be new erected, the sewers cleansed, the - streets made straight and regular, such as were steep levelled, - and those too narrow to be made wider. Markets and shambles - removed to separate places. They also enabled, that every house - should be built with party walls, and all in front raised of - equal height; that those walls should be of square stone or - brick; and that no man should delay building beyond the space of - seven years. Moreover, care was taken by law to prevent all - suits about their bounds. Anniversary prayers were also - enjoined; and to perpetuate the memory thereof to posterity, - they caused this column to be erected. The work was carried on - with diligence, and London is restored; but whether with greater - speed or beauty, may be made a question. In three years time the - world saw that finished, which was supposed to be the work of an - age.’ - -The inscription on the east side contains the names of the Lord Mayors -from the time of its being begun, till its being compleated; and round -the upper part of the pedestal is the following inscription in English. - - ‘This pillar was set up in perpetual remembrance of the most - dreadful burning of this protestant city, begun and carried on - by the treachery and malice of the popish faction in the - beginning of September, in the year of our Lord 1666, in order - to the carrying on their horrid plot for extirpating the - protestant religion, and Old English Liberty, and introducing - popery and slavery.’ - -This inscription, upon the Duke of York’s accession to the crown, was -immediately erased; but soon after the revolution it was restored again. - -This monument, says the author of _The Review of our public buildings_, -“is undoubtedly the noblest modern column in the world; nay, in some -respects, it may justly vie with those celebrated ones of antiquity, -which are consecrated to the names of Trajan and Antonine. Nothing can -be more bold and surprizing, nothing more beautiful and harmonious: the -bas relief at the base, allowing for some few defects, is finely -imagined, and executed as well: and nothing material can be cavilled -with but the inscriptions round about it.” These, however, Sir -Christopher Wren had prepared in a more elegant and masculine style, as -appears by the _Parentalia_; but he was over-ruled. - -MONUMENT _yard_, New Fish street hill, so called from the Monument placed -in it. - -MOOR _court_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate, so called from its vicinity to -Moorfields. 2. Miles lane, near Crooked lane. - -MOORFIELDS, a large piece of ground to the north of London wall, lying -between the east end of Fore street, and the west end of New Broad -street, and extending as far as Hoxton. These fields originally took -their name from their being one continued marsh or moor; so that Roger -Achiley, Lord Mayor, in 1521, caused the ground to be levelled, and -bridges and causeways to be erected over these fields, in order to -render them passable: but since that time the ground has been raised and -drained, and the whole encompassed with houses. - -Moorfields being a very extensive piece of ground, is now divided into -Lower Moorfields, Middle Moorfields, and Upper Moorfields. The first of -these divisions has the hospital of Bethlem, a noble building, extending -along the whole south side: and here the fields are divided into four -different squares, by very strong, but clumsey, wooden rails, each -containing a large grass plat, surrounded on each side by a row of -trees. Between these squares, which are generally denominated the -quarters, are gravel walks; and one extending from east to west, with a -row of trees on each side, forming a tolerable vista, is usually -denominated the City Mall; a great concourse of well-dressed citizens of -both sexes walking there, particularly every Sunday noon in fine -weather, and on evenings. - -The east side of this part of Moorfields is taken up by shops, where old -books are sold at the south east corner, and second-hand goods of all -sorts along that side. - -The rest of Moorfields, containing the two other divisions, still lie -waste, though they might be converted into gardens or public walks, and -thus be rendered one of the principal ornaments of this metropolis. - -MOORGATE, situated near the north end of Coleman street, and 1664 feet to -the west of Bishopsgate, was first erected in the year 1415, and -received its name from its opening into Moorfields. - -The present edifice, which is one of the most magnificent gates of the -city, was erected in the year 1674, and consists of a lofty arch, and -two posterns for foot passengers. The arch is built higher than the -common rules of proportion, for the sake of the city trained bands -marching through it with their pikes erected; a weapon now laid aside. -Others, however, are of opinion, that its height was intended for the -better convenience of bringing carts or waggons loaded with hay into the -city, it having been intended to make a market for hay in Little -Moorfields; a design which did not take effect. The upper part is -ornamented with Corinthian pilasters, supporting their proper -entablature, and with a round pediment, in which is the city arms. The -apartments over the gate are appropriated to the use of one of the Lord -Mayor’s carvers. - -MOOR’S _alley_, 1. King’s street, Westminster.† 2. Norton Falgate, near -Shoreditch.† - -MOOR PARK, near Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire, is at present the seat of -Lord Anson. The park is not large, but is very beautiful, whether we -consider it within itself or with regard to the fine and extensive -prospects from it. The house was originally built by Cardinal Wolsey, -and, passing through many hands, was afterwards in possession of the -Duke of Monmouth. Then it came into the hands of Mr. Stiles, who -enlarged, repaired, and beautified it, under the direction of Sir James -Thornhill. It stands on a hill, not quite on the summit. It is of stone -of the Corinthian order; and, if not in the highest stile of -architecture, is yet very noble. The south, or principal front, has a -portico and pediment of four columns. The offices are joined to the -house by a beautiful circular colonade of the Ionic order, which -terminates very elegantly with domes on each side their entrance. One -cannot help wishing the house on the top of the hill, or that part of -the hill were removed, for you can’t now see the principal front till -you are upon it. Even in the view given in the print, part of one of the -wings is hid by the rising ground. - -MOOR _street_, Hog lane, Soho.† - -MOOR _yard_, 1. Fashion street, Spitalfields.† 2. St. Martin’s lane, -Charing Cross.† 3. Old Fish street.† - -MORAVIANS, a set of dissenters lately established in England. They have -the following places of worship. 1. Lindsey House, Chelsea. 2. -Monastery, Hatton Garden. 3. Nevill’s alley, Fetter lane. - -MORDEN COLLEGE, on the east side of Blackheath, for the support of poor -decayed and honest merchants, was erected by Sir John Morden, Bart. a -Turky merchant, several years before his death, which happened in the -year 1708. It consists of a large brick building, with two small wings, -strengthened at the corners with stone rustic. The principal entrance, -which is in the center, is decorated with Doric columns, festoons, and a -pediment on the top, over which rises a turret, with a dial; and from -the dome, which is supported by scrolls, rises a ball and fane. To this -entrance there is an ascent by a flight of circular steps; and having -ascended them, and passed through this part of the building, we enter an -inner square, surrounded with piazzas. The chapel is neatly wainscoted, -and has a costly altar-piece. - -This structure Sir John erected at a small distance from his own -habitation, in a place called Great Stone Field, and endowed it, after -his Lady’s decease, with his whole real, copyhold, and personal estate, -to the value of about 1300_l._ _per annum_. - -The founder of this noble charity placed in this hospital twelve decayed -Turky merchants in his life time; but after his decease, the Lady -Morden, finding that the share allotted her by Sir John’s last will was -insufficient for her decent support, some parts of the estate not -answering so well as was expected, she was obliged to reduce the number -to four. - -But upon her death the whole estate coming to the college, the number -was increased, and there are at this time thirty-five poor gentlemen; -and, the number not being limited, it is to be increased as the estate -will afford; for the building will conveniently hold forty. - -The Treasurer, who receives the rents and revenues, and keeps the books -of the accounts and disbursements of the college, has 40_l._ a year; and -the Chaplain, who reads prayers twice a day, and preaches twice every -Sunday, had at first a salary of 30_l._ _per annum_, which the Lady -Morden doubled at her death. She was, in other respects, a benefactress -of the college, and, as she put up her husband’s statue in a niche, over -the gate, the trustees put up her’s in another niche, adjoining to that -of her husband. The pensioners have each 20_l._ a year, and at first -wore gowns, with the founder’s badge; but this badge has not been worn -for some years. They have a common table in the hall to eat and drink -together at meals; and each has a convenient apartment, with a cellar. - -The Treasurer, Chaplain, and Pensioners, are obliged to reside in the -college; and, except in case of sickness, no other persons are to -reside, live, or lodge there; but no person can be admitted as a -pensioner, who cannot bring a certificate to prove his being upwards of -sixty years of age. - -Seven Turky merchants have the direction of this hospital, and the -nomination of the persons to be admitted into it; to them the Treasurer -is accountable; and whenever any of these die, the surviving trustees -chuse others in their room. _Stow’s Survey._ _Tour through Great -Britain._ - -MORGAN’S _alley_, Greenwalk, Southwark.† - -MORGAN’S _ground_, Chelsea.† - -MORGAN’S _lane_, 1. Old Horselydown lane.† 2. St. Olave street, Tooley -street.† - -MORGAN’S _rents_, Greenwalk, Southwark.† - -MORGAN’S _yard_, by Morgan’s rents.† - -MORRELL’S _Almshouse_, near the Nag’s head in Hackney road, was erected by -the Goldsmiths company, in the year 1705, pursuant to the will of Mr. -Richard Morrel, for the reception of six poor members of that company, -each of whom has two neat rooms, 2_s._ per week, half a chaldron of -coals, a quarter of a hundred of faggots, and a gown every year. -_Maitland._ - -MORRICE’S _Almshouse_, in the Old Jewry, was erected by the company of -Armourers, in the year 1551, pursuant to the will of the Lady Elizabeth -Morrice, for the reception of nine poor widows, who, according to the -discretion of the company, are allowed from six to twenty shillings per -quarter, and nine bushels of coals each yearly. _Maitland._ - -MORRISON’S _court_, New lane, Shad Thames.† - -MORRIS’S _alley_, New lane, Shad Thames.† - -MORRIS’S _causeway stairs_, Southwark, opposite Somerset House.† - -MORRIS’S _wharf_, near Thames street.† - -MORSE’S _alley_, Marshal street, Southwark.† - -MORTAR _alley_, Shoreditch. - -MORTIMER _street_, Cavendish square. - -MORTIMER _yard_, Tower Hill.† - -MORTLACK, in Surry, is situated on the Thames, between Putney and -Richmond, about one mile west of Barnes. Here are two charity schools, -and a famous manufacture for weaving tapestry hangings. - -MOSES _alley_, 1. Willow street, Bank side, Southwark.* 2. Smock alley, -Spitalfields.* - -MOSES AND AARON _alley_, Whitechapel.* - -MOSES _court_, Nightingale lane.* 2. Moses alley, Willow street.* - -MOSLEY’S _court_, Philpot lane.† - -MOULDMAKERS _row_, St. Martin’s le Grand. - -MOULSEY, two towns, thus denominated from the river Mole, which runs -between them into the Thames; _East Moulsey_ is situated opposite to -Hampton Court, and was granted by King Charles II. to Sir James Clarke, -grandfather to the present lord of the manor, who had the ferry from -thence to Hampton Court, in the room of which he has lately erected a -handsome bridge, where a very high toll is taken of all passengers, -carriages, &c. - -_West Moulsey_ is situated about a mile and a half west from Kingston, and -here is a ferry to Hampton town, which likewise belongs to the same -gentleman. - -MOUNT _court_, Gravel lane, Houndsditch. - -MOUNTFORD’S _court_, Fenchurch street. - -MOUNTMILL, at the upper end of Goswell street. Here was situated one of -the forts erected by order of parliament in the year 1643; but that -becoming useless at the end of the civil war, a windmill was erected -upon it, from which it received its present name, which is also given to -the street. - -MOUNT _passage_, Mount street, near Grosvenor square. - -MOUNT PLEASANT, Little Gray’s Inn lane. - -MOUNT _row_, David street, Grosvenor square. - -MOUNT _street_, By Mount row. - -MOURNING _lane_, Hackney. - -MOUSE _alley_, East Smithfield. - -MUDD’S _court_, Broad street, Ratcliff.† - -MULBERRY _court_, 1. Bermondsey.‡ 2. White’s alley.‡ - -MULLIN’S _rents_, Shoe lane.† - -MUMFORD’S _court_. Milk street.† - -MUSCOVY _court_, Tower hill. - -MUSEUM. See the article BRITISH MUSEUM. - -MUSICIANS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King James -I. in the year 1604. - -They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and twenty Assistants, and -have a livery of thirty-one members, who on their admission pay a fine -of 40_s._ but have no hall. - -MUSICK HOUSE _court_, Upper Shadwell. - -MUSICK HOUSE _yard_, Upper Shadwell. - -MUSTARD _alley_, Castle alley. - -MUSWELL HILL, in Middlesex, on the east side of Highgate, took its name -from a spring or well on the hill, by a house built by Alderman Roe, -which afterwards came to the present Earl of Bath. By this well, which -was esteemed holy, was a chapel with an image of our Lady of Muswell, to -which great numbers went in pilgrimage. Both the manor and chapel were -sold in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, to Mr. William Roe, in whose -family they continued, till Sir Thomas Roe, the Ambassador, sold them in -the last century. Some time ago the manor house was converted into a -place of public entertainment. - -MUTTON _court_, Maiden lane, Wood street, Cheapside. - -MUTTON _lane_, Clerkenwell. - -MY LADY’S _yard_, Harrow alley, Whitechapel. - - -[Illustration] - - - - - N. - - -NAG’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Bridge yard passage.* 2. Fenchurch street.* 3. St. -Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 4. In the Minories.* - -NAG’S HEAD _buildings_, Hackney road.* - -NAG’S HEAD _court_, 1. Golden lane, Redcross street.* 2. Gracechurch -street.* 3. Great Tower hill.* 4. Leather lane, Holborn. 5. Snow hill.* -6. Three Colt street.* 7. Wentworth street.* - -NAG’S HEAD _yard_, 1. Golden lane.* 2. Great Swallow street.* 3. Norton -Falgate.* - -NAILER’S _yard_, 1. Queen street, in the Mint, Southwark. 2. Silver -street, Golden square. - -NAKED BOY _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Piccadilly.* - -NAKED BOY _court_, 1. Little Elbow lane, Great Elbow lane, Thames street.* -2. Ludgate hill.* 3. In the Strand. - -NAKED BOY _yard_, 1. Back street, Lambeth.* 2. Deadman’s Place.* - -NAN’S _hole_ or _yard_, Angel street, St. Martin’s le Grand.‖ - -NARROW _alley_, Stony lane. - -NARROW _street_, 1. Limehouse. 2. Ratcliff. - -NARROW _wall_, Lambeth. - -NASING, a village in Essex, between Epping and Harlow. - -NASSAU _street_, Gerrard street, by Prince’s street, Soho; probably thus -named in honour of King William III. - -NAVESTOCK, a village near Brentwood in Essex. - -NAVY OFFICE, in Crutched Friars. Here all affairs relating to the royal -navy are managed by the Commissioners under the Lords of the Admiralty. -It is a very plain building, that by its appearance gives us no idea of -its importance; but it must be allowed the merit of being extremely -convenient. The office where the Commissioners meet, and the clerks keep -their books, is detached from the rest, as a precaution against -accidents by fire, the papers here being of the utmost importance; and -in the other buildings some of the Commissioners and other officers -reside. - -The Treasurer of the navy is an officer of prodigious trust, as he -receives and pays all sums for the use of the navy: his salary is -therefore 2000_l._ _per annum_, and 800_l._ for his instruments. - -The seven Commissioners have all their different departments in the -management of the business of this office; and each has a salary of -500_l._ a year. - -One is Comptroller of the navy: he attends and comptrols all payments of -wages; is obliged to know the market price of all stores belonging to -shipping, and to examine and audit all the treasurers, victuallers, and -storekeepers accounts. This Commissioner has two clerks who have 100_l._ -a year each: one of 60_l._ a year, and nine of 50_l._ each. Besides in -his office for seamen’s wages he has a chief clerk who has 200_l._ a -year, and also nine others of 50_l._ each. - -Two others are Joint-surveyors of the navy, and besides the salary of -500_l._ a year each, one of them has 80_l._ _per annum_ for house rent. -They are in general to know the state of all stores, and to see the -wants supplied; to survey the hulls, masts, and yards, and to estimate -the value of repairs by indenture; to charge all boatswains and -carpenters of the navy with what stores they have received; and at the -end of each voyage to state and audit their accounts. They have a chief -clerk, who has 100_l._ a year, and six others of 50_l._ - -The fourth is Clerk of the acts. It is his office to record all orders, -contracts, bills, warrants, and other business transacted by the -principal officers and commissioners of the navy. He has an assistant, -who has a salary of 300_l._ a year, and 50_l._ for house rent; a chief -clerk, who has 100_l._ a year; another has 70_l._ another 60_l._ and -nine others have 50_l._ _per annum_ each. - -The fifth is Comptroller of the Treasurer’s accounts, and has a clerk of -100_l._ a year; another of 60_l._ another of 50_l._ and another of -40_l._ a year. The ticket office is under his inspection, and there he -has two chief clerks of 200_l._ a year each; another of 80_l._ six of -50_l._ a year each, and one of 40_l._ In this office there are also six -extra clerks who have 50_l._ a year each, and one who has 2_s._ 6_d._ a -day. - -The sixth is the Comptroller of the victualling accounts, who has a -clerk of 100_l._ a year; one of 50_l._ and one of 40_l._ _per annum_. - -The seventh is Comptroller of the store-keeper’s accounts, who has also -a chief clerk, that has a salary of 100_l._ a year; six clerks of 50_l._ -a year each; and another of 40_l._ _per annum_. - -Besides these there are three Extra Commissioners of the navy, who have -500_l._ a year, and 80_l._ each for house rent; and under these are -several clerks, and other officers. - -There is also a Commissioner residing at Gibraltar, who has 1000_l._ a -year, and several officers who have considerable salaries under him: a -Commissioner resident at Chatham yard, at Portsmouth yard, and at -Plymouth yard, who have 500_l._ a year each; but Deptford and Woolwich -yards are under the immediate inspection of the navy board; as Sheerness -yard is under the inspection of the Commissioner at Chatham. - -The number of these Officers and Commissioners have been increased on -account of the exigence of affairs; but the principal of them hold their -offices by patent under the great seal. - -NEAL’S _yard_, Great St. Andrew street, Seven Dials.† - -NEAT HOUSE _lane_, Upper Millbank. - -NEAT HOUSES, Near Chelsea Bridge. - -NECKINGER _lane_, Rotherhith wall. - -NECKINGER _road_, Neckinger lane. - -NEEDLEMAKERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Oliver -Cromwell, in 1656, consisting of a Master, two Wardens, eighteen -Assistants, and forty-eight Liverymen, who upon their admission pay a -fine of 3_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ but having no hall they transact their -business in Guildhall. - -It is remarkable that by an act of Common Council in 1658, it was -ordered that every needlemaker free of the city, of whatever company -they be, should from thenceforward be subject to the search and survey -of this company; that no needlemaker of any other company should bind an -apprentice to himself, till he had first bound him to the Master or one -of the Wardens or Assistants of the Needlemakers company, who should -turn over such an apprentice to him, before the Chamberlain of London, -in order that all such apprentices might be made free of the -Needlemakers company; and that any such master, not being free of that -company, who should take an apprentice in any other manner, should -forfeit the sum of 20_l._ - -NELL’S _wharf_, St. Catharine’s. - -NELMES, a village in Essex, on the east side of Rumford. - -NELSON’S _court_, 1. Drury lane.† 2. Rosemary lane, Tower hill.† - -NEPTUNE _street_, Wellclose square. - -NETHERHALL, a village in Essex, on the north side of Chipping Ongar. - -NETHERHALL, a village in Essex, near Great and Little Parndon, and at the -conflux of the Lee and the Stort. - -NETTLETON’S _court_, Aldersgate street.† - -NETTLEWELL, a village on the south west side of Harlow. - -NEVILL’S _alley_, Fetter lane.† - -NEVILL’S _yard_, Church street, Lambeth.† - -NEVIS _court_, Near the Upper Ground, Southwark.† - -NEW _alley_, In Hoxton. - -NEW BEDFORD _court_, Eagle court, Strand. - -NEW BELTON _street_, Long Acre. - -NEW BLACK RAVEN _court_, Near Chiswell street, Moorfields.* - -NEW BOND _street_, a street which consists of handsome new buildings, near -Oxford street. - -NEW BOSVILE _court_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields.† - -NEW BROAD _street_, 1. A handsome street inhabited by merchants and other -gentlemen; extending from the end of Broad street to Moorfields. 2. -Marshal street, Carnaby street. - -NEW BUILDINGS, 1. Coleman street. 2. Dunning’s alley, Bishopsgate street -without. 3. Feathers alley, in the Maze, Southwark. - -NEW BURLINGTON _street_, Swallow street. - -NEWBURY’S _Almshouse_, on the north side of Mile-end green, also called -the Skinners Almshouses, was erected by that company in the year 1688, -pursuant to the will of Lewis Newbury, for twelve poor widows of the -Skinners company, who have an allowance of 5_l._ 10_s._ a year, and half -a chaldron of coals each. - -NEWCASTLE _court_, 1. Butcher Row, by Temple Bar. 2. Newcastle street, by -Chick lane. - -NEWCASTLE _street_, 1. Chick lane, Smithfield. 2. From Seacoal lane to -Fleet market. 3. Whitechapel. - -NEW COCK _lane_, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.* 2. Swan fields, -Shoreditch.* - -NEW _court_, 1. Angel alley. 2. Blackman street, Southwark. 3. Bow lane, -Cheapside. 4. Bowling alley, Dean’s yard, Westminster. 5. Brown’s -street. 6. Canon row, Westminster. 7. Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn -Fields. 8. St. Catharine’s court, near the Tower. 9. Fore street, -Cripplegate. 10. George yard, Whitechapel. 11. Goswell street, -Aldersgate street. 12. New Gravel lane, Shadwell. 13. Old Gravel lane, -Ratcliff Highway. 14. Great St. Anne’s lane, by Orchard street, -Westminster. 15. Hand alley. 16. Harrow alley, Petticoat lane. 17. Hart -street, Crutched Friars. 18. High Holborn. 19. Hog lane. 20. Kent -street. 21. Knightsbridge. 22. Lamb alley. 23. Little Broad street. 24. -Little Newport street. 25. St. Margaret’s hill. 26. Middle Temple. 27. -Moor lane. 28. Narrow street, Ratcliff. 29. Newington Butts. 30. New -street. 31. Nightingale lane. 32. Peter street, Westminster. 33. -Petticoat lane, Whitechapel. 34. Pig street, Threadneedle street. 35. -Quaker street, Spitalfields. 36. Rosemary lane, Tower hill. 37. St. -Swithin’s lane, Canon street. 38. Throgmorton street. 39. Wentworth -street. 40. White Horse yard. 41. White street. 42. York street. - -NEW CRANE, Wapping Wall. - -NEW CRANE _stairs_, Wapping. - -NEW FISH _street_, By Great Eastcheap. - -NEW FISH STREET _hill_, New Fish street. - -NEWGATE, is situated 1037 feet south west from Aldersgate, and is thought -by most Antiquarians, to be so denominated from its being first erected -in the reign of Henry I. several ages after the four original gates of -the city: Howel is however of a contrary opinion, and asserts that it -was only repaired in the above reign, and that it was anciently -denominated Chamberlain gate; tho’ it is very extraordinary, that this -gate is not once mentioned before the conquest. But be this as it will, -it appears from ancient records, that it was called Newgate, and was a -common jail for felons taken in the city of London, or the county of -Middlesex, so early as the year 1218; and that so lately as the year -1457, Newgate, and not the Tower, was a prison for the nobility and -great officers of state. - -At length Newgate being much damaged by the fire of London in 1666, the -present beautiful structure was erected. The west side is adorned with -three ranges of Tuscan pilasters, with their entablatures, and in the -inter-columniations are four niches, in one of which is a figure -representing Liberty; the word _Libertas_ is inscribed on her cap, and -at her feet lies a cat, in allusion to Sir Richard Whittington, a -benefactor to the prison, who is said to have made the first step to his -good fortune by a cat. - -The inside of the gate is also adorned with a range of pilasters, with -their entablatures, and in three niches are the figures of Justice, -Mercy and Truth. - -The author of _The Review_ observes, - - “That Newgate considered as a prison, is a structure of more - cost and beauty than was necessary, because the sumptuousness of - the outside but aggravates the misery of the wretches within: - but as a gate to such a city as London, it might have received - considerable additions both of design and execution, and - abundantly answered the cost in the reputation of building. The - gate of a city erected rather for ornament than use, ought to be - in the style of the ancient triumphal arches; and it must be - allowed, that hardly any kind of building, admits of more beauty - or perfection.” - -If Newgate be considered as a prison, it is indeed a very dismal one. It -is the county jail for Middlesex, both for debtors and malefactors, as -well as the city prison for criminals. The debtor rendered unfortunate -by the vicissitudes of trade, or unforeseen losses, has the reproach of -being confined in the same prison with the greatest villains; and too -often his being in Newgate is imputed by the ignorant to crimes which he -abhors. On the other hand, those confined as criminals, are, even before -they are found guilty by the laws of their country, packed so close -together, that the air being corrupted by their stench and nastiness, -occasions a dismal contagious disease, called the Jail distemper, which -has frequently carried off great numbers, and even spread its contagion -to the Court of Justice, where they take their trials. But to prevent -these dreadful effects the city has introduced a ventilator on the top -of Newgate, to expel the foul air, and make way for the admission of -such as is fresh; and during the sessions herbs are also strewed in the -Justice Hall, and the passages to it, to prevent infection. - -In this prison there are however commodious and airy apartments for the -use of such as are able to pay for them; and the advantage of a private -passage behind the houses to Justice Hall in the Old Bailey, where they -are in no danger of being rescued, while going to, or coming back from -their trials. It is to be wished that this prison was made still more -commodious; that the little cells of the malefactors were enlarged and -rendered more airy, and that the proposal so often talked of, of -building another prison for the debtors, was carried into execution. - -NEWGATE MARKET, before the dreadful fire of London, was kept in Newgate -street, where there was a market house for meal, and a middle row of -sheds, which Maitland says, were afterwards converted into houses, -inhabited by butchers, tripesellers, &c. while the country people, who -brought provisions to the city, were forced to stand with their stalls -in the open street, where their persons and goods were exposed to danger -by the passage of coaches, carts, and cattle that passed through the -streets. This must be allowed to have been a very inconvenient market, -and the houses or sheds in the middle of the street, must almost have -choaked up the passage, or at least have rendered it liable to frequent -obstructions. At that time Butcher hall lane was filled with slaughter -houses for the use of this market, and Blowbladder street was rendered -remarkable by blown bladders hanging in the windows of the shops, where -bladders were sold. - -After the fire of London, which afforded an opportunity of rendering the -new streets more commodious than the old ones had been, it was ordered -by act of parliament that Newgate market should be removed from the -street, and a square was formed on the south side for that purpose, -surrounded by decent houses. This square is 194 feet long from east to -west, and 148 feet broad from north to south. In the middle is a market -house, under which are vaults or cellars, and the upper part of the -building is employed as a kind of warehouse for the fruiterers, and the -keepers of green stalls by night. In the shops under this building tripe -and other things are sold, and in the middle near the market house are -sold fruit and greens. At a convenient distance are shops for butchers, -the sellers of butter, &c. and the houses beyond these, which extend -along the sides of the market, are also taken up by butchers. It may be -proper to observe with respect to the butter shops, that some of these -contract for the produce of several dairies, and that it is not uncommon -for one of these shops to take 30 or 40_l._ for butter alone, in a -morning, even before eight or nine o’clock. The passages to the market -from Paternoster row and Newgate street, are taken up with poulterers, -bacon shops, fishmongers, and cheesemongers. - -NEWGATE _street_, is a street of considerable trade, and extends from -Blowbladder street, to Newgate. - -NEW GEORGE _street_, 1. Near Bethnal green. 2. St. John’s street, -Spitalfields. - -NEW GRAVEL _lane_, Shadwell. Thus named from the carts loaded with gravel -passing through it to the Thames, where the gravel was employed in -ballasting of ships, before ballasting was taken out of the river. It -obtained the epithet of New, to distinguish it from the Old Gravel lane, -which was used for the same purpose long before. - -NEWELL _street_, Berwick street, Old Soho.† - -NEW JAIL, in Southwark, a prison lately erected near Bridewell alley, in -the Borough, for felons in the county of Surry. - -NEWINGTON BUTTS, a village in Surry, extending from the end of Blackman -street, to Kennington common, is said to receive the name of Butts, from -the exercise of shooting at Butts, much practised, both here and in the -other towns of England, in the reign of King Henry VIII. &c. to fit men -to serve in the regiment of archers. But Mr. Aubrey thinks it received -this name from the Butts of Norfolk, who had an estate here. The Drapers -and Fishmongers company have almshouses here: and Mr. Whatley observes, -that here were planted the first peaches so much esteemed, distinguished -by the name of Newington peaches. The church here, which is dedicated to -St. Mary, is a rectory in the gift of the Bishop of Winchester, and the -profits arising to the Incumbent amount to about 140_l._ _per annum_. -_Maitland._ See STOKE NEWINGTON. - -NEWINGTON _causeway row_, Blackman street. - -NEWINGTON GREEN, a pleasant village between Islington and Stoke Newington, -chiefly consisting of a handsome square of a considerable extent -surrounded by houses which are in general well built; before each side -is a row of trees, and an extensive grass plat in the middle. It is in -the parish of Stoke Newington; on one side of the ground is a meeting -house. See STOKE NEWINGTON. - -NEW INN, contiguous to St. Clement’s Inn, in Wych street, is one of the -Inns of Chancery, and was founded about the year 1485, for the reception -of the students of an Inn of Chancery, at the south east corner of -Seacoal lane. - -New Inn is an appendage to the Middle Temple, and is governed by a -Treasurer and twelve Ancients, who, with the other members, are to be in -commons a week every term, or to compound for the same. _Maitland._ - -NEW INN _court_, Wych street. - -NEW INN _passage_, Houghton street, Clare market. - -NEW INN _yard_, Holiwell street, Shoreditch. - -NEW _lane_, Shad Thames. - -NEWMAN’S _court_, 1. In Cornhill.† 2. Farmer’s street, Shadwell.† - -NEWMARKET _street_, Wapping. - -NEW MARTEN _street_, Near East Smithfield.† - -NEW NICOL _street_, Swanfields, Shoreditch.† - -NEW NORTH _street_, Theobald’s row, Red Lion street, Holborn. - -NEW PACKTHREAD _alley_, Grange road, Bermondsey. - -NEW PACKTHREAD _yard_, Westminster. - -NEW PALACE _yard_, by Union street, Westminster. When King Richard II. -rebuilt Westminster Hall in the year 1397, that part was called the New -Palace, and being inclosed with a wall, it had four gates, of which that -leading to Westminster stairs is the only one now standing. The three -others that have been demolished were, one on the north, which led to -the Woolstaple; another to the west, a beautiful and stately edifice -called High Gate, at the east end of Union street; and another at the -north end of St. Margaret’s lane. _Maitland._ - -NEW PARK, in Surry. See RICHMOND. - -NEW PARADISE _street_, Rotherhith. - -NEW PASSAGE, 1. Bull and Mouth street, St. Martin’s le Grand. 2. Newgate -market. - -NEW PETER _street_, Peter street. - -NEWPORT _alley_, Newport street, near Newport market. - -NEWPORT _court_, Little Newport street, near Long Acre. - -NEWPORT MARKET, Litchfield street, a square with shops round it, with a -market house in the middle, in which are shops for butchers, &c. - -NEWPORT _street_, Castle street, near Newport market. - -NEW PRISON, near the east end of Clerkenwell green, is a house of -correction for the county of Middlesex, in which rogues and vagabonds -are kept to hard labour. It was erected in the year 1615. - -NEW PRISON _walk_, a passage leading to the New Prison, Clerkenwell. - -NEW PUMP _court_, Moor lane, Cripplegate. - -NEW PYE _street_, by Orchard street, Westminster. - -NEW QUEEN _street_, Oxford street. - -NEW RAG FAIR, Rosemary lane, Little Tower hill. - -NEW RENTS, 1. Compter lane, St. Margaret’s hill. 2. St. Martin’s le Grand. - -NEW RIVER. Various were the projects in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth, and -King James I. for supplying the city of London with a sufficient -quantity of water, for domestic uses: the former granted an act of -parliament, which gave the citizens liberty to cut and convey a river -from any part of Middlesex or Hertfordshire to the city of London, -within the limited time of ten years; and the latter granted another -act, in which they obtained the same power, but without being confined -to any limited time: nobody however began this great and important work, -till at last Sir Hugh Middleton undertook to bring a river from Amwell -in Hertfordshire to the north side of London near Islington. - -The work began on the 20th of September 1608, and was attended with -innumerable difficulties. The distance from London is twenty miles, and -he was obliged, in order to avoid the eminences and vallies in the way, -to make it run a course of thirty-eight miles three quarters and sixteen -poles, and to carry it over two vallies in long wooden frames or troughs -lined with lead; that at Buthill, being six hundred and sixty feet in -length, and thirty in height; under which, for the passage of the land -waters is an arch capacious enough to admit under it the largest waggon -laden with hay, or straw: the other near Highbury is four hundred and -sixty-two feet long, and seventeen in height, where it is raised along -the top of high artificial banks, and at the bottom of the hollow -supported by poles, so that any person may walk under it. In short over -and under this river, which sometimes rises thus high, and at others is -conveyed under ground, runs several considerable currents of land -waters, and both above and below it a great number of brooks, rills, and -water courses have their passage. - -This river, which is of inestimable benefit to London, was by this truly -great man brought to the city within the space of five years, and was -admitted into the reservoir near Islington on Michaelmas day 1613; on -which day Sir Thomas Middleton, brother to the great Sir Hugh, was -elected Lord Mayor for the ensuing year, who accompanying Sir John -Swinerton, then Lord Mayor, attended by many of the Aldermen, the -Recorder, and other gentlemen, repaired to the bason, now called New -River Head, when about sixty labourers, handsomely dressed, and wearing -green caps, carrying spades, shovels, and pickaxes, marched, preceded by -drums and trumpets, thrice round the bason, when stopping before the -Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and other gentlemen, who were seated upon an -eminence, one of the labourers addressed himself to them in a long copy -of verses, which being ended, the sluices were opened, and the stream -ran plentifully into the reservoir, under the sound of drums and -trumpets, the discharge of several pieces of ordnance, and the loud -acclamations of the people. - -Sir Hugh Middleton, to enable himself to complete this grand work, had -at last, after spending his own fortune, been obliged to apply to King -James I. who advancing a sum of money became entitled to a moiety of the -profits; he was also obliged to sell many other shares, and in short, -was in a manner entirely ruined by a project, that has been attended -with unspeakable benefit to this city: since by the water of this river, -a speedy stop has been put to a great number of dreadful fires, and the -health of the city has been remarkably preserved by the cleanliness it -has introduced among us. Yet so little was the great advantages that -might then, and are now derived from this river, at that time -understood, that for above thirty years there were not divided above -5_l._ odd money, to each of the shares, which are seventy-two in number. - -This river now draws most of its water from the Lee, which being the -property of the city of London, that corporation, contrary to the -interest of the city in general, opposed a bill brought into parliament -for giving farther powers to the New River company, to take the -advantage that might be obtained by the river Lee: but the opposition -was without effect, and in 1738–9 the bill passed into a law. - -The Governors of the New River company then agreed with the proprietors -of the lands on the river Lee for a cut of two cubic feet of water from -that river, at a certain rate; and after the agreement, told them they -would double the price for a four foot cut, which the proprietors agreed -to, not considering the great disproportion between the two cuts; and -this cut of the river Lee now supplies the largest share of the New -River water. - -In this river there are forty three sluices, and over it two hundred and -fifteen bridges. On its approaching the reservoir, called New River -Head, there are several small houses erected at a considerable distance -from each other on its banks, into which the water runs and is conveyed -by pipes to the nearer and more easterly parts of this metropolis. On -its entering the above reservoir, it is there ingulphed by fifty-eight -main pipes, each of seven inches bore; and here also an engine worked by -horses, throws a great quantity of water up to another reservoir, -situated on much higher ground, from which the water runs in pipes to -supply the highest ground in the city, and its liberties. Many years ago -30,000 houses were thus supplied by this water, and since that time -several main pipes have been laid to carry it into the liberties of -Westminster. - -This corporation consists of a Governor, Deputy Governor, Treasurer, and -twenty-six Directors, these twenty-nine are the proprietors of the first -thirty-six shares: for though the Crown’s moiety is in private hands, -yet they have no share in the management. The above Governor and -Directors keep their office at a coffee-house in Ludgate street where -every Thursday they hold a board for appointing of officers, granting of -leases, and redressing of grievances. - -The officers and servants belonging to the company are, a clerk and his -assistant; a surveyor and his deputy; fourteen collectors, who, after -deducting 5_l._ _per cent._ for collecting the company’s rents, pay -their money every Thursday to the treasurer; fourteen walksmen, who have -their several walks along the river, to prevent throwing into it filth, -or infectious matter; sixteen turncocks; twelve paviours; twenty borers -of pipes; besides horse engines for boring of others, together with a -great number of inferior servants and labourers. - -NEW ROUND _court_, In the Strand. - -NEW _square_, 1. Lincoln’s Inn. 2. In the Minories. 3. New street, St. -Thomas’s, Southwark. - -NEW _street_, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. Cambridge street. 3. Cloth Fair, -Smithfield. 4. Dyot street, St. Giles’s. 5. Horselydown. 6. Fore street, -Lambeth. 7. Fox’s lane, Shadwell. 8. Lower Shadwell. 9. St. Martin’s -lane, Charing Cross. 10. Old street. 11. Queen street, in the Mint. 12. -Shoe lane, Fleet street. 13. Shoemaker row, Black Friars. 14. Spring -Gardens, Charing Cross. 15. St. Thomas’s Southwark. 16. Threadneedle -street. 17. Upper Shadwell. - -NEW STREET _hill_, Shoe lane, Fleet street. - -NEW STREET _square_, near Shoe lane. - -NEW STREET SQUARE _lane_, Shoe lane. - -NEW SWAN _yard_, Rag street. - -NEW THAMES _street_, Bank side, Southwark. - -NEW THAMES STREET _stairs_, Bank side. - -NEWTON’S _court_, Vine street.† - -NEWTON _street_, High Holborn.† - -NEW TOTHILL _street_, Near Westminster Abbey. - -NEW TURNSTILE _alley_, Holborn. - -NEW TURVILLE _street_, Virginia row, Shoreditch.† - -NEW TYLER _street_, Carnaby street.† - -NEW _way_, 1. In the Maze, Tooley street. 2. Orchard street. - -NEW _well_, Shad Thames, Horselydown. - -NEW _yard_, Fenchurch street. - -NEW YORK _street_, Skinners street, Shoreditch. - -_St._ NICHOLAS ACONS, a church which stood on the west side of Nicholas -lane, in Langbourn ward, owed its name to its dedication to St. -Nicholas, a citizen of Lycia in Asia Minor, who, though only a private -housekeeper, was, from the caprice of the electors, chosen Bishop of -Myræa; for the Bishops and Priests interested in the election not -agreeing about the choice, came to an unanimous resolution that whatever -person should first enter the church the next day, should be elected -Bishop: when Nicholas repairing early next morning, to perform his -devotions, being the first that entered, was chosen Bishop, pursuant to -the above resolution; in which office his deportment was such, as to -procure him a place among the class of saints. - -The church being destroyed with most of the other public buildings by -the fire of London, and not rebuilt, the parish was annexed to the -church of St. Edmund the King. _Newc. Repert. Eccles._ - -_St._ NICHOLAS _alley_, St. Nicholas lane, Lombard street. - -_St._ NICHOLAS COLE ABBEY, on the south side of Old Fish street, in -Queenhithe ward, is thus denominated from its dedication to the -above-mentioned saint, but the reason of the additional epithet is not -known, some conjecturing that it is a corruption of Golden Abbey, and -others that it is derived from Cold Abbey, or Coldbey, from its cold or -bleak situation. It is known that there was a church in the same place -before the year 1383: but the last structure being consumed in the great -conflagration in 1666, the present church was built in its place, and -the parish of St. Nicholas Olave united to it. - -This edifice consists of a plain body well enlightened by a single range -of windows decently ornamented. It is sixty-three feet long, and -forty-three broad; thirty-six feet high to the roof, and an hundred -thirty-five to the top of the spire. The tower is plain, but -strengthened with rustic at the corners; and the spire, which is of the -massy kind, has a gallery, and many openings. - -The advowson of this church, which was anciently in the Dean and Chapter -of St. Martin’s le Grand, is now in the Crown. The Rector, besides his -other profits, receives 130_l._ a year in lieu of tithes. _Maitland._ - -_St._ NICHOLAS _lane_, extends from Lombard street to Canon street. - -_St._ NICHOLAS SHAMBLES, a church formerly situated at the corner of -Butcher hall lane, took its additional epithet from the flesh market, -which before the fire of London extended along Newgate street. This -church with its ornaments was given by King Henry VIII. to the Mayor and -Commonalty of the city, towards the maintenance of the new parish church -then to be erected in the Grey Friars. _Maitland._ - -NICHOLAS’S ALMSHOUSE, in Monkwell street, was founded in the year 1575, by -Sir Ambrose Nicholas, citizen and salter, for the accommodation of -twelve widows of his company, to each of whom he allowed 1_s._ _per_ -week, and twenty-four bushels of coals a year. This charity he committed -in trust to the company of Salters; the house was however destroyed in -the great conflagration in 1666; but was soon after rebuilt, and each -widow allowed two neat rooms and a garret. _Maitland._ - -NICOLL’S _alley_, Cable street, Rag Fair, Rosemary lane.† - -NICOLL’S _court_, 1. Rosemary lane, Little Tower hill.† 2. Sharp’s alley.† - -NICOLL’S _street_, Shoreditch.† - -NIGHTINGALE _lane_, 1. East Smithfield.† 2. Fore street, Limehouse.† - -NIGHTINGALE _turning_, at the Hermitage, Wapping.† - -NIPPARD’S _court_, Baldwin’s Gardens.† - -NIXON’S _court_, Barnaby street, Southwark.† - -NIXON’S _square_, a very mean little square, by Jewin street.† - -NOAH’S ARK _alley_, Narrow street, Ratcliff.* Noble street, 1. Foster -lane, Cheapside.† 2. Goswell street, by Aldersgate bars.† - -NOEL _street_, Burlington Gardens.† - -NONESUCH, in Surry, is situated near Sutton and Epsom, and was formerly -called Cuddington, till a most magnificent palace was erected there, by -Henry VIII. which obtained the name of Nonesuch from its unparallelled -beauty. The learned Hentzner, in his _Itinerarium_, speaking of this -palace, says, that it was chosen for his pleasure and retirement, and -built by him with an excess of magnificence and elegance even to -ostentation: one would imagine every thing that architecture can perform -to have been employed in this one work: there are every where so many -statues that seem to breathe, so many miracles of consummate art, so -many casts that rival even the perfection of Roman antiquity, that it -may well claim and justify its name of Nonesuch. - -The palace itself is so encompassed with parks full of deer, delightful -gardens, groves ornamented with trellis work, cabinets of verdure, and -walks so embrowned by trees, that it seems to be a place pitched upon by -Pleasure herself, to dwell in along with Health. - -In the pleasure and artificial gardens are many columns and pyramids of -marble, two fountains that spout water one round the other, like a -pyramid, upon which are perched small birds that stream water out of -their bills: in the grove of Diana is a very agreeable fountain, with -Actæon turned into a stag, as he was sprinkled by the goddess and her -nymphs, with inscriptions. - -There is besides another pyramid of marble full of concealed pipes, -which spirt upon all who come within their reach. - -Such was this palace and gardens when Hentzner wrote, but King Charles -II. gave it to the Duchess of Cleveland, who pulled it down and sold the -materials; wherewith a new house was built by the Earl of Berkley, which -was the seat of the late Earl of Guildford, and is now called Durdans; -and Nonesuch, though it gives the title of Baron to the Duke of -Cleveland, is now only a farm house. - -NORFOLK _street_, in the Strand. The bishop of Bath’s palace in the -Strand, was afterwards, says Maitland, the Earl of Arundel’s, whence -Arundel and Norfolk streets had their names. - -NORMAN’S _court_, Cable street.† - -NORRIS’S _street_, 1. In the Haymarket.† 2. Spitalfields.† - -NORRIS’S _wharf_, Millbank, Westminster Horse ferry. - -NORRISON’S _court_, near Stangate.† - -NORTH AUDLEY _street_, Grosvenor square. - -NORTH END, a pleasant village near Hammersmith, where are the handsome -house and finely disposed gardens of the Earl of Tilney, and of the late -Sir John Stanley. - -NORTH _court_, South street. - -NORTHALL, a village on the north side of Enfield Chace, three miles north -of High Barnet, is said to be corruptly so called from Northaw, or the -North Grove, here being a wood that belonged to the monastery of St. -Alban’s. A noble house was built here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth by -Henry Dudley Earl of Warwick; after whose death it came to several -possessors, and being sold to William Leman, descended to Sir William -Leman his grandson, who has given the rent of the wells to the poor of -the parish. King James I. also gave 40_l._ a year to the town in lieu of -the ground he laid into his park, at Theobald’s out of the common. - -NORTH _passage_, Wellclose square. - -NORTH PRESCOT _alley_, St. John’s street, Smithfield. - -NORTH _row_, North Audley street. - -NORTH _street_, 1. Lamb street, Spitalfields. 2. Poplar. 3. Smith Square, -Westminster. - -NORTHAMPTON _street_, Wood’s close, St. John street. - -NORTHUMBERLAND _alley_, Fenchurch street. - -NORTHUMBERLAND _court_, 1. Southampton buildings, Chancery lane. 2. In the -strand. - - -[Illustration: - - _Northumberland House & Charing Cross._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - - -NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE, derives its name from the title of the ancient and -noble family, in whose possession it has been above 100 years. It is the -town residence of the Right Honourable the Earl and Countess of -Northumberland, and one of the largest and most magnificent houses in -London. It was originally built very early in the reign of James I. by -Henry Howard Earl of Northampton; and it is reasonable to infer from -some letters discovered in the front when it was lately rebuilt, that -one Miles Glover was the architect. - -At first it consisted only of three sides of a square; one of which -faced the street near Charing Cross, and the other two extended towards -the Thames. The entrance was then, as it is now, thro’ a spacious arched -gateway for coaches in the middle of the street front; and, what is -remarkable, the principal apartments were in the third or highest story. -During the life of the aforesaid Lord, it was called Northampton House, -after his death it became the property of his near relation the Earl of -Suffolk; in whose time it does not appear to have undergone any change -except in name; for it was thereupon called Suffolk House. - -In the reign of Charles I. Algernon Earl Of Northumberland, the Lord -High Admiral of England, married Lord Suffolk’s daughter, and about the -year 1642, became the proprietor of this house; from which time it has -been well known by the name it now bears. To prevent mistakes, we beg -leave to observe, that the Northumberland House, which is often -mentioned in history before this period, stood in Aldersgate ward in the -city, and was formerly, what this house is at present, the town seat of -the Earls of Northumberland. But to return. - -When London became more populous, and the buildings about Charing Cross -daily increased, ‘twas found inconvenient to live in the apartments, -which had been built by Lord Northampton; because they were greatly -disturbed by the hurry and noise of passengers and coaches in the -street. To avoid therefore that inconvenience, the aforesaid Earl of -Northumberland compleated the square by building the fourth side; which -being parallel and opposite to that next the street, is placed at a -sufficient distance from the aforesaid disturbances, and almost enjoys -all the advantages of retirement and a country seat. Inigo Jones appears -to have been the architect employed for that purpose, and the front of -the new side, which he built facing the garden, is very grand and -stately, as the reader may see from the perspective view of it, annexed -to this account. - -Perhaps it will please some of our readers to be informed, that Lord -Northumberland received General Monk, and had a conference with him and -several of the leading men in the nation in one of these apartments. At -which meeting the King’s restoration was for the first time proposed in -direct terms, as a measure absolutely necessary to the peace of the -kingdom. - -In the year 1682, Charles Duke of Somerset married the Lady Elizabeth -Percy, the daughter and heiress of Josceline Earl of Northumberland, and -by that means became possessed of this house. Upon his death it -descended to his son Algernon, by the aforesaid Lady, who succeeded to -the title and a very large estate in 1748. His Grace immediately began -to make alterations in some of the apartments, and to rebuild the front -next the street; but, dying the year after, he did not live sufficient -time to finish either. - -The house in that condition, descended to his son-in-law and daughter, -the present Earl and Countess of Northumberland; and it is in a great -measure owing to the improvements, made by them at a very great expence -and in a very fine taste, that Northumberland House is become a building -so complete and stately, as to be generally admired for its elegance and -grandeur. - -The street was immediately made wider, and the front next to it -compleated, as it appears in the print prefixed to this description. The -four sides of the court were new faced with Portland stone, and finished -in the Roman stile of architecture, so as to form as it were four -stately fronts. Two new wings were also added, being above 100 feet in -length, and extending from the garden front, towards the Thames. By -means of these additions Northumberland House is more than twice as -large as it was, when first built by Lord Northampton. - -The entrance into it is on the side of the court opposite to the great -gateway; the vestibule is about 82 feet long, and more than 12 feet -broad, being properly ornamented with columns of the Doric order. Each -end of it communicates with a stair case, leading to the principal -apartments, which face the garden and the Thames. They consist of -several spacious rooms, fitted up in the most elegant manner. The -ceilings are embellished with copies of antique paintings, or fine -ornaments of stucco, richly gilt. The chimney pieces consist of statuary -and other curious marble, carved and finished in the most correct taste. -The rooms are hung either with beautiful tapestry or the richest -damasks, and magnificently furnished with large glasses, chairs, -settees, marble tables, &c. with frames of the most exquisite -workmanship, and richly gilt. They also contain a great variety of -landscapes, history pieces, and portraits, painted by Titian and the -most eminent masters. In some of the rooms may be seen large chests, -embellished with old genuine japan; which being great rarities, are -almost invaluable. - -The company passes thro’ many of these apartments to the left wing, -which forms a state gallery or ball room, admirable in every respect, -whether we consider the dimensions, the taste, and masterly manner in -which it is finished, or the elegant magnificence of the furniture. - -It is 106 feet long, the breadth being a fourth part of the length, and -the height equal to the diagonal of the square of the breadth; which -proportions are esteemed to be the most proper for a gallery. The -ceiling is coved and ornamented with figures and festoons richly gilt. -To avoid repetitions, we beg leave once for all to say the same of the -other decorations and frames of the furniture; for there is such a -variety of gilding in the different parts of the gallery, that it would -be endless to mention it in every particular description. But to -proceed, the flat part of the ceiling is divided into five compartments, -ornamented with fine imitations of some antique figures, as, a flying -Fame blowing a trumpet; a Diana; a triumphal car drawn by two horses; a -Flora; and a Victory holding out a laurel wreath. The entablature is -Corinthian, and of most exquisite workmanship. The light is admitted -thro’ nine windows in the side next the garden, being equidistant from -one another, and in the same horizontal direction. Above these is -another row of windows, which, tho’ not visible in the room, are so -artfully placed as to throw a proper quantity of light over the cornice, -so that the highest parts of the room are as much enlightened as the -lowest, and the pictures on the opposite side are free from that -confused glare, which would arise from a less judicious disposition. In -the spaces between the windows, there are tables of antique marble, and -stools covered with crimson damask, placed alternately. The piers are -also ornamented with large square and oval glasses, arranged in the -aforesaid order; the frames of which form a beautiful variety of foliage -to adorn the higher parts quite up to the entablature. - -Let us now pass over to the opposite side, which is divided into three -large spaces by two chimney pieces made of statuary marble, with -cornices supported by figures of Phrygian captives, copied from those in -the Capitol at Rome, and executed in a very masterly manner. The -finishing above the chimney pieces consists of terms, sphinxes, -festoons, &c. and within the spaces formed by these ornaments are placed -whole length portraits of the Earl and Countess of Northumberland in -their robes. - -That the three grand divisions of this side might be furnished in an -elegant manner, his Lordship employed the most eminent masters to copy -five of the most admired paintings in Italy, which are placed as -follows: in the middle and largest division is Raphael’s celebrated -school of Athens, copied from the original in the Vatican by Raphael -Mengs. In the two other divisions on the right and left hand side of the -former are placed the feast and council of the Gods, which were also -painted by Raphael, and copied by Pompeio Battoni from the originals in -the Little Farnese. The two ends of the gallery are ornamented with the -triumphal procession of Bacchus and Ariadne (originally painted by -Annibal Caracci in the Farnese palace) and Guido’s Aurora. The former -was copied by Felice Costansi, and the latter by Masuccio, a scholar of -Carlo Maratti, from the original in the Villa Rospigliosi. All these -pictures are very large, being exactly of the same dimensions with the -originals, and are copied in a very masterly manner. We heartily wish -his Lordship’s taste in procuring them may incite those, who can afford -it, to follow the example, and purchase copies of such paintings as are -universally admired; for by these means not only private curiosity would -be gratified, but the public taste also greatly improved. - -Under the aforesaid pictures are placed large sophas, covered with -crimson damask and richly ornamented. This gallery is lighted up for the -reception of company in the evenings, by means of four glass lustres, -consisting in all of as many branches as will receive 100 large wax -candles, and suspended from the ceiling by long chains, magnificently -gilt. We shall close our imperfect account of this stately gallery, by -wishing that it was in the power of words to describe the fine effects, -which arise from a view of its numberless beauties. - -Besides the apartments already mentioned, there are above 140 rooms more -in this house; which, being so numerous, and chiefly appropriated to the -private uses of the family, cannot be particularly described in a work -of this nature; however, we must add, that Lord and Lady -Northumberland’s apartments are very commodious and elegantly furnished; -her Ladyship’s closet is even a repository of curiosities, and, amongst -other valuable things, contains so fine a collection of pictures, as to -afford a most pleasing and almost endless entertainment to a -connoisseur. The two libraries also consist of a great variety of books -on the most useful and curious subjects, collected with judgement. - - -[Illustration: - - _South View of Northumberland House._ - _S. Wale delin._ _C. Grignion sculp._ -] - - -We have hitherto endeavoured to give some idea of the gradual -improvements, by which Northumberland House acquired its present -grandeur and magnificence; but we cannot take our leave of it without -conducting, as it were, the reader into the garden, where he may enjoy -the quiet and tranquility of the country amidst the noise and -distraction of the town, and contrast the simple beauties of nature, -with the stately productions of art. - -It lies between the house and the Thames, and forms a pleasing piece of -scenery before the principal apartments; for it consists of a fine lawn -surrounded with a neat gravel walk, and bounded next the walls by a -border of curious flowers, shrubs and ever-greens. At the end of the -garden beyond the wall, were a few buildings which his Lordship ordered -to be taken down, to open a larger prospect across the Thames to -Southwark, and into the country behind it. And, as the horizon is finely -diversified with hills, which when every thing is compleated, will -appear as it were in the back scene, the view will command a very -beautiful landscape. - -NORTHUMBERLAND _place_, Fenchurch street. - -NORTHUMBERLAND _street_, a handsome street now building in the Strand, by -Northumberland House, down to the Thames, the houses in Hartshorn alley -being pulled down for that purpose. - -NORTON FALGATE, a street which extends from the end of Bishopsgate without -to Shoreditch. - -NORWICH _court_, East Smithfield. - -NOTTINGHAM _court_, Castle street, Long Acre. - -NOTTINGHAM _street_, Plumtree street. - -NUN’S _court_, 1. Coleman street. 2. New Gravel lane. - -NUTKIN’S _corner_, Rotherhith wall.† - -NUTMAKER’S _rents_, New Gravel lane, Shadwell.† - - -[Illustration] - - - - - O. - - -OAKEY _street_, Thames street.† - -OAKEY’S _court_, Hare street, Brick lane, Spitalfields.† - -OAKLEY’S _yard_, Town ditch, by Christ’s hospital.† - -OAR _street_, Gravel lane, near Falcon stairs. - -OAT _lane_, Noble street, Foster lane, Cheapside. - - -[Illustration: - - _View from the Terrace at Oatland._ - _S. Wale delin._ _F. Vivares sculp._ -] - - -OATLANDS, adjoining to Weybridge in Surry, is the seat of the Earl of -Lincoln. The park is about four miles round. The house is situated about -the middle of the terrace, whose majestic grandeur, and the beautiful -landscape which it commands, words cannot describe, nor the pencil -delineate so as to give an adequate idea of this fine scene. - -The serpentine river which you look down upon from the terrace, though -artificial, appears as beautiful as it could do were it natural; and a -stranger who did not know the place would conclude it to be the Thames, -in which opinion he would be confirmed by the view of Walton bridge over -that river, which by a happy contrivance is made to look like a bridge -over it, and closes the prospect that way finely. - -OATMEAL _yard_, Barnaby street, Southwark. - -OCEAN _street_, Stepney. - -OF _alley_, York buildings. See the article YORK _buildings_. - -OGDEN’S _court_, Wych street, Drury lane.† - -OGLE _street_, Margaret’s street, Cavendish square.† - -OGILBY’S _court_, Long ditch.† - -OLD ARTILLERY _ground_, Steward street. - -_St._ OLAVE’S _Hart street_, situated at the south side of Hart street in -Tower street ward, is thus denominated from its dedication to St. Olave, -or Olaus, King of Norway, who from his strong attachment to the -Christian religion, took part in the disputes with the English and -Danes; for this, together with his supporting Christianity in his own -dominions, and his sufferings on that account, he stands sainted in the -Roman calendar. - -A church stood in the same place, dedicated to the same royal patron, -before the year 1319. The present structure is of considerable -antiquity, for it escaped the flames in 1666, and since that time has -had several repairs and additions, among which last is the portico; this -is no small ornament, though it is not well adapted to the edifice. This -portico was added in the year 1674. - -This is a mixed building, with respect to its materials, as well as its -form, part being of square stone, part of irregular stone, and part of -brick. The body, which is square, is fifty-four feet in length, and the -same in breadth; the height of the roof is thirty feet, and that of the -steeple sixty. The windows are large and gothic, and every thing plain -except the portico, which is formed of Corinthian pilasters, with an -arched pediment. The tower, which consists of a single stage above the -roof, is also extremely plain, and the turret wherewith it is crowned is -well proportioned. - -The patronage of this rectory has all along been in private hands. The -Incumbent, besides several annual donations, and other profits, receives -120_l._ a year in tithes. - -Mr. Weaver in his funeral monuments, mentions the following very -whimsical one in this church, for Dame Anne, the wife of Sir John -Ratcliff, Knt. which is to be read both downwards and upwards, - - Qu A D T D P - os nguis irus risti ulcedine avit. - H Sa M Ch M L - -Mr. Munday, in his edition of Stow’s survey, mentions another here, -which though of a different kind, appears equally extraordinary. - - As I was, so be ye; as I am, you shall be. - What I gave, that I have; what I spent, that I had. - Thus I count all my cost; what I left that I lost. - John Organ, obiit An. Dom. 1591. - -_St._ OLAVE’S JEWRY, situated on the west side of the Old Jewry, in -Coleman street ward, was anciently denominated St. Olave’s Upwell, from -its dedication to the saint of that name, and probably from a well under -the east end, wherein a pump is now placed; but that gave way to the -name of Jewry, owing to this neighbourhood’s becoming the principal -residence of the Jews in this city. - -Here was a parish church so early as the year 1181; the last sacred -edifice was destroyed by the fire of London, and the present finished in -1673. It consists of a well enlightened body, seventy-eight feet in -length, and twenty-four in breadth; the height to the roof is thirty-six -feet, and that of the tower and pinacles eighty-eight. The door is well -proportioned, and of the Doric order, covered with an arched pediment. -On the upper part of the tower, which is very plain, rises a cornice -supported by scrolls; and upon this plain attic course, on the pillars -at the corners, are placed the pinacles, standing on balls, and each -terminated on the top by a ball. - -This church, tho’ anciently a rectory, is now a vicarage in the gift of -the Crown; and the parish of St. Martin, Ironmonger lane, is now united -to it, by which the Incumbent’s profits are considerably increased; he -receives besides other profits, 120_l._ a year in lieu of tithes. - -_St._ OLAVE’S _Silver street_, stood at the south west corner of Silver -street, in Aldersgate ward; but being consumed by the fire of London, -and not rebuilt, the parish is annexed to the neighbouring church of St. -Alban’s Wood street. - -_St._ OLAVE’S _Southwark_, is situated in Tooley street, near the south -end of London bridge. Tho’ the time when a church was first erected in -this place cannot be discovered, yet it appears to be of considerable -antiquity, since it is mentioned so early as the year 1281. However, -part of the old church falling down in 1736, and the rest being in a -ruinous condition, the parishioners applied to parliament for a power to -rebuild it, which being granted, they were thereby enabled to raise the -sum of 5000_l._ by a rate of 6_d._ in the pound, to be levied out of the -rents of all lands and tenements within the parish; accordingly the -church was taken down in the summer of the year 1737, and the present -structure finished in 1739. - -It consists of a plain body strengthened with rustic quoins at the -corners; the door is well proportioned without ornament, and the windows -are placed in three series; the lowest is upright, but considerably -broad; those above them circular, and others on the roof are large and -semicircular. The tower consists of three stages; the uppermost of which -is considerably diminished; in this is the clock, and in the stages -below are large windows. The top of the tower is surrounded by a plain -substantial balustrade, and the whole has an air of plainness and -simplicity. - -It is a rectory in the gift of the Crown, and the Incumbent’s profits -are said to amount to about 400_l._ _per annum_. - -_St._ OLAVE’S _School_. See the article QUEEN ELIZABETH’S _School_. - -OLD ARTILLERY GROUND, Artillery lane, Spitalfields. See the article -ARTILLERY GROUND. - -OLD BAILEY, a street which extends from Ludgate hill to the top of Snow -hill, by Newgate. On the upper part near Fleet lane, the street is -divided into two by a middle row of buildings, whence that towards the -west is called Little Old Bailey, and the other to the eastward, is -called Great Old Bailey. This street from Ludgate hill to Fleet lane, is -in the liberties of the Fleet. In the upper part is Justice Hall -commonly called the Sessions house, and in the lower part Surgeons Hall. -Maitland observes, that the Old Bailey took its name from the Bale or -Bailiff’s house, formerly standing there. - -OLD BARGE HOUSE _stairs_, Glasshouse yard, near Angel street, Southwark. - -OLD BARGE HOUSE _stairs lane_, near Angel street, and almost opposite the -Temple. - -OLD BEAR GARDEN, Maid lane, Southwark; thus named from a bear garden -formerly there. - -OLD BEDLAM, or OLD BETHLEM, Bishopsgate street. See the article BETHLEM -HOSPITAL. - -OLD BEDLAM _court_, Old Bedlam. - -OLD BEDLAM _lane_, Bishopsgate street, near Moorfields, where Bethlem -hospital formerly stood. - -OLD BELTON _street_, Brownlow street.† - -OLD BOND _street_, Piccadilly. - -OLD BOSVILLE _court_, Clement’s lane, Temple bar.† - -OLD BREWHOUSE _yard_, Chick lane, Smithfield. - -OLD BUILDINGS, Lincoln’s Inn. - -OLD BURLINGTON _mews_, Old Bond street. - -OLD CASTLE _street_, Wentworth street. - -OLD CHANGE, extends from Cheapside to Old Fish street. Here was formerly -kept the King’s exchange for the receipt of bullion to be coined. -_Maitland._ - -OLD COMBER’S _court_, Blackman street, Southwark.† - -OLD FISH _street_, Knightrider’s street; so called from a fish market -being formerly kept there. _Maitland._ - -OLD FISH STREET _hill_, Thames street, obtained its name also from a -market. - -OLD FORD, in Stepney parish, near Stratford le Bow. - -OLD GEORGE _street_, Wentworth street. - -OLD GRAVEL _lane_, Ratcliff highway; so called from its being anciently a -way through which carts laden with gravel from the neighbouring fields, -used to pass to the river Thames, where it was employed in ballasting of -ships, before ballast was taken out of the river. - -OLD GRAVEL _walk_, Bunhill fields. - -OLD HOG _yard_, Peter lane, St. John’s street, Smithfield. - -OLD HORSELYDOWN _lane_, Horselydown, Tooley street. - -OLD HORSESHOE _wharf_, Thames street. - -OLD JEWRY in the Poultry. This street was originally called the Jewry, -from its being the residence of the Jews in this city; but the Jews -being banished by Edward I. they upon their readmission into England, -settled in this city near Aldgate, in a place from them called Poor -Jewry lane, on which occasion this, their ancient place of abode, was -called the Old Jewry. _Maitland._ - -OLD MARKET _lane_. Brook’s street, Ratcliff.† - -OLD MONTAGUE _street_, Spitalfields.† - -OLD NICOLL’S _street_, Spitalfields.† - -OLD NORTH _street_, Red Lion square. - -OLD PACKTHREAD _ground_, Grange lane. - -OLD PALACE _yard_, by St. Margaret’s lane, Westminster, was built by -Edward the Confessor, or, as others say, by William Rufus, and received -the name of Old on the building of New Palace yard. See NEW PALACE -_yard_. - -OLD PARADISE _street_, Rotherhith. - -OLD PARK _yard_, Queen street, Southwark. - -OLD PAV’D _alley_, Pallmall. - -OLD PIPE _yard_, Puddle dock. - -OLD PYE _street_, by New Pye street, Westminster. - -OLD ROUND _court_, in the Strand. - -OLD SHOE _alley_, Hoxton. - -OLD SOHO _street_, near Leicester fields. - -OLD SQUARE, Lincoln’s Inn. - -OLD STARCH _yard_, Old Gravel lane. - -OLD _street_, a street of great length, beginning at Goswell street, and -extending east towards Shoreditch. It received its ancient name of _Eald -street_, or _Old street_, from the Saxons, as being situated along the -Roman Military Way, at a considerable distance north of London, though -it is now joined to this metropolis. _Maitland._ - -OLD STREET _square_, Old street. - -OLD SWAN _lane_, Thames street.* - -OLD SWAN _stairs_, Ebbgate lane, Thames street.* - -OLD SWAN _yard_, Rag street.* - -OLD TAILOR _street_, King street, Golden square. - -OLIPHANT’S _lane_, Rotherhith.† - -OLIVE _court_, 1. Gravel lane. 2. St.Catharine’s lane, East Smithfield. - -OLIVER’S _alley_, in the Strand.† - -OLIVER’S _court_, Bowling alley, Westminster.† - -OLIVER’S _mount_, David street, Grosvenor square. - -ONE GUN _alley_, Wapping.* - -ONE SWAN _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street.* 2. Rag street, Hockley in the -Hole.* - -ONE TUN _alley_, Hungerford Market.* - -ONE TUN _yard_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* - -ONSLOW _street_, Vine street, Hatton wall.† - -ORAM’S _court_, Water lane, Tower street.† - -ORANGE _court_, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields, 2. King’s street, -Soho, 3. Wapping. - -ORANGE _street_, 1. Castle street, Leicester fields, 2. Lowman’s street, -Gravel lane. 3. Red Lion square, Holborn. 4. Swallow street. 5. Sun -Tavern fields. - -_The_ ORCHARD, 1. Bread street, Ratcliff. 2. Butcher row. 3. Limehouse -causeway. 4. New street, Shadwell. 5. In Wapping. 6. Near Wapping. - -ORCHARD _street_, 1. Near the Stable yard, Westminster, from the royal -orchard formerly there. 2. Windmill street. - -_Office of_ ORDNANCE, in the Tower. This office is a modern building, a -little to the north east of the white tower; and to the officers -belonging to it, all other offices for supplying artillery, arms, -ammunition, or other warlike stores to any part of the British -dominions, are accountable; and from this office all orders for the -disposition of warlike materials are issued. It is therefore of very -great importance, as it has under its care the ammunition necessary for -the defence of the kingdom, and the protection of our allies. - -In ancient times before the invention of guns, this office was supplied -by officers under the following names; the Bowyer, the Cross Bowyer, the -Galeator, or Purveyor of helmets, the Armourer, and the Keeper of the -tents; and in this state it continued till King Henry VIII. placed it -under the management of a Master, a Lieutenant, a Surveyor, &c. as it -still continues with some improvements. - -The office of ordnance is now divided into two branches, the civil and -the military; the latter being subordinate and under the authority of -the former. - -The principal officer in the civil branch of the office of ordnance is -the Master General, who has a salary of 1500_l._ _per annum_, and is -invested with a peculiar jurisdiction over all his Majesty’s engineers -employed in the several fortifications of this kingdom, to whom they are -all accountable, and from whom they receive their particular orders and -instructions, according to the directions and commands given by his -Majesty and council. - -The Lieutenant General, who receives all orders and warrants signed by -the Master General, and from the other principal officers, and sees them -duly executed; issues orders, as the occasions of the state may require; -and gives directions for discharging the great guns, when required at -coronations, on birth days, festivals, signal victories, and other -solemn occasions. It is also his peculiar office to see the train of -artillery, and all its equipage fitted for motion, when ordered to be -drawn into the field. He has a salary of 1100_l._ _per annum_; and under -him is a clerk in ordinary, who has 150_l._ a year; an inferior clerk, -and a clerk extraordinary, who have each 40_l._ a year. - -The Surveyor inspects the stores and provisions of war in the custody of -the Storekeeper, and sees that they are ranged and placed in such order -as is most proper for their preservation. He allows all bills of debt, -and keeps a check upon all artificers and labourers work; sees that the -stores received be good and serviceable, duly proved, and marked, if -they ought to be so, with the King’s mark, taking to his assistance the -rest of the officers and Proof Masters. His salary is 700_l._ _per -annum_. - -As his post necessarily makes some assistance necessary, he has under -him the Proof Master of England, who has 150_l._ a year. Two clerks of -the fortifications, who have 60_l._ a year each, and another of 40_l._ -Besides, in this time of war he has under him six extra clerks, who have -each 40_l._ a year; and another who has 4_s._ 6_d._ a day. - -The Clerk of the ordnance records all orders and instructions given for -the government of the office; all patents and grants; the names of all -officers, clerks, artificers, attendants, gunners, labourers, &c. who -enjoy those grants, or any other fee for the same; draws all estimates -for provisions and supplies to be made, and all letters, instructions, -commissions, deputations, and contracts for his Majesty’s service; makes -all bills of imprest, and debentures, for the payment and satisfaction -for work done, and provisions received in the said office; all quarter -books for the salaries and allowances of all officers, clerks, &c. -belonging to the office; and keeps journals and ledgers of the receipts -and returns of his Majesty’s stores, to serve as a check between the two -accomptants of the office, the one for money, and the other for stores. -His salary is 500_l._ _per annum_, and 100_l._ a year for being a check -on the Storekeeper. - -The great business of this officer is managed, under him, by six clerks -in ordinary, one of whom has 180_l._ a year, another 150_l._ two 60_l._ -a year, one 50_l._ and one 4_s._ a day: and he has at present thirteen -clerks extraordinary, who have 40_l._ a year each. There are besides -under him a ledger keeper to the out ports, and a home ledger keeper, -who have 60_l._ a year. - -The Storekeeper takes into his custody all his Majesty’s ordnance, -munitions and stores belonging thereto, and indents and puts them in -legal security, after they have been surveyed of by the Surveyor: any -part of which he must not deliver, without a warrant signed by the -proper officers; nor must he receive back any stores formerly issued, -till they have been reviewed by the Surveyor, and registered by the -Clerk of the ordnance in the book of remains: and he must take care that -whatever is under his custody be kept safe, and in such readiness as to -be fit for service upon the most peremptory command. His salary is -400_l._ _per annum_. - -The Storekeeper has under his command three clerks in ordinary, one of -whom has 150_l._ and another 60_l._ _per annum_, and also three extra -clerks, each at 40_l._ a year. - -The Clerk of the deliveries draws all orders for delivery of any stores, -and sees them duly executed: he also charges by indenture the particular -receiver of the stores delivered; and, in order to discharge the -Storekeeper, he registers the copies of all warrants for the deliveries, -as well as the proportions delivered. His salary is 400_l._ a year. - -The above officer has under him two clerks in ordinary, one who has -150_l._ and another who has 70_l._ _per annum_, and also four clerks -extraordinary who have each 40_l._ a year. - -The Treasurer and Paymaster receives and pays all monies, both salaries -and debentures in and belonging to this office. His salary is 500_l._ a -year. - -The above officer is assisted in his double employment of receiving and -paying by three clerks in ordinary, one of whom has 150_l._ another -60_l._ and another 50_l._ _per annum_, and by three clerks -extraordinary, each of whom has 40_l._ a year. - -In this office there are likewise two Proof Masters, who have 20_l._ a -year each; a Clerk of the works, who has 120_l._ a year; a Purveyor for -the land, who has 100_l._ a year; a Purveyor for the sea, who has 40_l._ -a year; an Architect, who has 120_l._ a year; an Astronomical -Observator, who has 100_l._ a year, and some other officers. - -In the other part of this office termed the _Military Branch of the -Ordnance_, is a Chief Engineer, who has 501_l._ 17_s._ 4_d._ a year; a -Director, who has 365_l._ _per annum_; eight engineers in ordinary, who -have 10_s._ a day; eight engineers extraordinary at 6_s._ a day; eleven -sub-engineers, at 73_l._ a year each; and sixteen pract. engineers, at -3_s._ a day.——See an account of the arms belonging to this office under -the article TOWER. - -ORMOND’S _mews_, 1. Duke street, Piccadilly. 2. Great Ormond street, Red -Lion street, Holborn. - -ORMOND _street_, Red Lion street, Holborn. - -A catalogue of the pictures of Charles Jennens, Esq; in Ormond street. - -The nativity, after Pietro di Cortona. - -The Magi offering, Carlo Maratti. - -A holy family, after Raphael. - -A holy family, by Fr. Mazzuoli Parmegiano. - -A piece of fruit, &c. by De Heem. - -A landscape, by Cl. Lorraine, allowed capital. - -A landscape, with St. Jerom and the lion, by Nic. Poussin. - -Cattle and fowls, by Bened. Castiglione. - -The finding of Moses, by Lucatelli. - -A land storm, by Gasp. Poussin. - -A bagpiper, by Spagnolet. - -A landscape, by Nic. Poussin. - -A view of the Rhine, by Sachtleven. - -Ruins, by Harvey, with Christ and the woman of Canaan, by J. Vanderbank, -sky and trees by Wotton. - -A man with a straw hat eating porridge, by Annibal Caracci. - -A view of the castle of St. Angelo, by Marco Ricci. - -A miracle, by Seb. Concha. - -A boy’s or girl’s head, by Guido. - -The crucifixion, by Vandyke. - -St. John the Baptist baptizing Christ, by Rottenhammer. - -Three boys, viz. Christ, John the Baptist, and an angel, of the school of -Rubens or Vandyke. - -A holy family. - -St. Paul and King Agrippa, after Le Sueur. - -A philosopher mending a pen, A. le Pape. - -St. Cecilia in a circle of flowers, by Philippo Laura, in the manner of -Domenichino, the flowers by Mario di Fiori. - -A landscape, by Both. - -Butler the poet, by Zoust. - -A holy family (small) by Seb. Bourdon. - -A storm, by Vandervelde. - -A oval of flowers, with the wise men offering, by father Seegers. - -A piece of architecture, with the landing of Æsculapius at Rome, by P. -Panini. - -A madona, &c. by Carlo Maratti. - -A landscape, by Moucheron, with figures by Berchem. - -The two Maries at the sepulchre, by Pietro di Cortona. - -Bishop Ken, by Riley. - -David and Saul, by Jordans of Antwerp, or Van Harp. - -A sun-set, by Vanderneer. - -Abraham and Melchisedech, by Castiglione. - -A nativity, after Giuseppe Chiari. - -A landscape, by Vandiest. - -A carpet, &c. by Malteese. - -A landscape, by Claude, first manner. - -A landscape, by Rowland Savory, with Cain and Abel. - -Two pieces of fish and fowl, by Rysbrack. - - Nativity, by Albani. - -An old man’s head, by Rembrandt. - -A landscape, by Retork, in the manner of Elsheimer. - -Christ going to be crucified, a sketch, by Annibal Caracci. - -Tobias and the angel, by Mich. Angelo de Caravaggio. - -Celebration of Twelfth-night, by David Rykart. - -Moon-light, by Vandiest. - -Figures and cattle, by Van Bloom. - -A landscape and a sea view, by Vandiest. - -A sleeping boy, by Simon Vouet. - -The wise men offering, by Aug. Caracci. - -A nativity, by Le Sueur. - -A landscape with the flight into Egypt, by Antonio (called Gobbo) Caracci, -figures by Domenichino. - -A conversation, by Teniers. - -A sea piece, by Vandervelde. - -The inside of a church, by De Neef. - -A landscape with Balaam and the angel. - -A landscape and ruins, by Gasp. Poussin. - -Shakespear, in crayons, by Vandergucht, from the only original picture, -which is in the possession of Lady Carnarvon. - -Christ praying in the garden, by Ludovico Caracci, a capital piece. - -Abraham and Melchisedech, after Raphael, by Nic. Poussin. - -Dead game, by De Koning, with a man, by Luca Jordano; but some are of -opinion the whole piece is by L. Jordano. - -Two door pieces, by Tempesta and Crescentio. - -A landscape with cattle and figures, by Berchem. - -The raising of Lazarus, by Paulo Lozza. - -A Magdalen, by Giuseppe Cari. - -A small picture of P. Charles and his brother. - -King James II. when Duke of York, after Sir Peter Lely. - -Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex. - -The head of a female saint. - -A head, after Titian. - -Christ preaching on the mount, by Van Rhyschoot. - -David playing on the harp to cure Saul, by Hayman. - -A landscape with a view of Hampstead and Highgate, by Lambert. - -The resurrection of Christ, by Hayman. - -A landscape, by Gainsborough. - -Sir John Falstaff, &c. by Hayman. - -An angel sleeping, after Guido. - -A small head, by Frank Hals. - -Two sea pieces, by Vandervelde. - -A flower piece, by O. Baptist. - -Moses striking the rock, by Le Brun. - -King Charles I. after Vandyke. - -King Charles II. and his Queen, by Sir P. Lely. - -Duke of Ormond, by Dahl. - -A statuary, by Spagnolet. - -An old man reading, by Guercino. - -A landscape and figures, by Paul Brill. - -Ruins and figures, by Viviano and J. Miel. - -A landscape and figures, by Fr. Bolognese. - -Titian and Aretine, after Titian. - -A view of Pliny’s villa, by Lucatelli. - -Pr. Rupert, half length, by Greenhill. - -A sea piece, by Vandiest. - -A flower piece, by O. Baptist. - -Gustavus Adolphus, by Mirevelt. - -A conversation, by Bamboccio. - -Temptation of St. Anthony, by Brower, the landscape, Paul Brill. - -A landscape, Gasp. Poussin, the figures by Philippo Laura. - -A dead Christ, &c. of the school of Caracci. - -A landscape and figures, Fr. Miel. - -Gen. Monk, when young, 3 qrs. - -A man singing, by Brower. - -A landscape, by Claude Lorraine. - -A landscape with high rocks, by Salvator Rosa. - -A view of St. Mark’s Place at Venice in carnival time, Canaletti. - -A view of the great canal at Venice, by Canaletti. - -A landscape, by Rembrandt. - -A lutanist, by Fr. Hals. - -A moon-light, by Vanderneer. - -The Chevalier de St. George in miniature. - -A musician’s head, by Rembrandt. - -A circle of flowers, by Baptist; with Christ and the woman of Samaria, by -Cheron. - -A madona, of the school of Carlo Maratti. - -A half length of General Monk, copied from Sir Peter Lely. - -A landscape, by Tillemans. - -A sea piece, a squall, by Vandervelde. - -A night storm, by De Vlieger. - -The virgin, with the child asleep. - -A view of a water mill. - -A cobler. - -An ascension, by Gius. Chiari. - -Two landscapes, by Houseman. - -Two pictures of the Chevalier and the Princess Louisa his sister. - -King James the 2d’s Queen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. - -The burning of Troy, by Van Hiel. - -A view in Holland, by Van Goen. - -A landscape, in Van Goen’s manner. - -A landscape and figure, by Van Goen. - -The Marquis of Hamilton, after Vandyke. - -A small round landscape. - -A large landscape, by Lucas Van Uden. - -Salvator Mundi, by Vandyke. - -A sea piece and landscape, by Vander Cabel. - -Lord Clarendon, by Dobson. - -A small round landscape, in the manner of Bourgognone. - -A sea piece, by De Man. - -King James I. half length, by Mytons. - -Two landscapes, by Ruysdale. - -The conversion of St. Paul, by P. Snayer. - -A small head on silver, supposed the Marq. of Montrose, by Ferd. Laithe. - -J. Miel, the painter, by himself. - -Two small pictures, by Horizonti. - -Two ditto, by Lucatelli. - -Prince Henry, by P. Oliver. - -Ruins of the Temple of Minerva, by Viviano, or Salvius. - -A landscape, by Rubens. - -A landscape, by Fauquier. - -A frost piece, by Ostade. - -A landscape, by Gasp. de Wit, figures by Ferg. - -Ruins and figures, by Marco and Seb. Ricci. - -A sea view, by Vandervelde. - -A landscape, in the manner of Van Uden. - -Philippo Laura, by himself. - -Two small views, by Cocoranti. - -A sea calm, by Woodcock. - -David and Abigail, by Brughel. - -A sea view, by Bonaventure Peters. - -A landscape, by Martin Rykaert. - -Two small landscapes, by Artois. - -The finding of Moses, by Romanelli. - -Dead birds, by Ferguson. - -Two landscapes, by Ruysdale. - -St. John led by his disciples, by Blanchet. - -A landscape, by Rembrandt. - -A landscape, by Ruysdale, the figures by Wovermans. - -A lady’s head, by Cornelius Johnson. - -Lord Carnarvon, by Sir P. Lely. - -A Dutch watchmaker, by Fr. Hals. - -A landscape, by Van Huysum. - -A landscape, by J. Asselyn. - -A landscape, by Swanevelt. - -A landscape, by Francisco Mille. - -The marriage of St. Catharine, after Giorgione. - -A landscape, by Swanevelt. - -A landscape, with Argus and Hermes. - -The last supper, by Vandyke or Dieperbeck. - -The flight into Egypt, by Polembergh. - -L. D’Honat’s Eden. - -A calm, by Vandervelde, best manner. - -The good Samaritan. - -A landscape, by Tempesta. - -St. Peter walking on the sea, by Paul Brill. - -Fowls, by Cradock. - -A storm (small) by Vandervelde. - -Ruins, by Viviano. - -The transfiguration, after Raphael. - -A landscape and figures, by Bourgognone. - -A winter piece, by Molinaer. - -St. Jerom, by Teniers. - -A landscape, by Rousseau. - -Ruins, by Panini. - -A sun-rising, by Courtois. - -A landscape, by Old Patell. - -A church, by De Neef, the priest carrying the host; the figures by -Teniers. - -St. Sebastian, after Domenichino. - -St. Peter delivered out of prison, by De Neef, the figures by O. Teniers. - -A head (supposed of an apostle) by Vandyke. - -The flight into Egypt, a sketch, by Gius. Passeri. - -Part of Titian’s Comari, copied by Dahl. - -A head of Christ crowned with thorns, by Guido. - -Christ crowned with thorns, with the reed in his hand, of the school of -Caracci. - -Lot going out of Sodom, and Abraham with three Angels, two drawings, by -Cheron. - -St. Jerom in a cave, by Teniers. - -The murder of the innocents, a drawing after Raphael. - -A drawing after Nic. Poussin, by Cheron, of the passage thro’ the red sea. - -A Roman sacrifice, a drawing from the antique, by Cheron. - -A land storm, by Peters, or Teniers. - -Christ driving the buyers and sellers out of the temple, by Jac. Bassano. - -Two conversations in water colours, by Fergue. - -A boy and girl, heads. - -A landscape and sea piece in water colours, by Tillemans. - -Two landscapes in the manner of Brughel, by Old Grissier. - -A landscape, by Fergue. - -A view of Scheveling, by De Vleiger. - -A sea piece, by Vandervelde. - -A front piece, by Bonaventure Peters. - -Two landscapes, by Polembergh. - -A landscape, by Sachtleven. - -A landscape, by Van Maas. - -A gale and view, by Backhuysen. - -Two sea pieces, by Vandervelde. - -A landscape, by Hobbima. - -A head of Seb. Bourdon, by Netschar. - -Eliezer and Rebecca, by Vander Cabel. - -Christ sleeping, of the school of Carlo Maratti. - -A view in Rome, by Gaspar D’Ochiale. - -A landscape and cattle, by Cuyp. - -A brisk gale, by Vandervelde. - -A boy’s head, by Dubois. - -Christ and the two Disciples at Emmaus, by Teniers. - -A head of Richard Penderith. - -A landscape, by Molyn. - -A sea piece, by Vandervelde. - -A landscape, by Vanderheyden. - -A landscape, by Van Balen, with a holy family. - -A sea piece, by Backhuysen. - -A sea piece, by De Vlieger. - -Two landscapes, by Both. - -Chickens, a study, by Hondicooter. - -A sea piece, by Vangoen. - -A sea piece, by Ruysdale. - -A frost piece, by Adr. Vandevelde. - -A landscape, by Wovermans. - -An inn yard, copy from Wovermans. - -A moon-light, by Vanderneer. - -A frost piece, by Molenaer. - -A landscape, by Housemans. - -Two Dutch views, Flemish. - -Judith with Holofernes’s head, by Bronzino. - -Jerome Cardan. - -A hermit contemplating eternity, by Salvator Rosa. - -St. Jerome, by Guido. - -A landscape, with the flight into Egypt, by Domenichino. - -A landscape, by Courtois. - -Two landscapes, by Godfrey. - -Tobias curing his father’s eyes, by Rembrandt. - -Morning and Evening, by Berghem. - -A landscape, by Old Patelle. - -The wise men offering, by Rotenhamer. - -A landscape, by Wovermans. - -Ruins, by Viviano. - -View of the Colisæum, by Paulo Panini. - -Dead game, by Baltazar Caro. - -Architecture, by Ghisolfi. - -A landscape, by Swanevelt. - -A landscape with rocks, by Teniers, or P. Snayer. - -A landscape, by Van Zwierin. - -A landscape with others, by Teniers. - -Two landscapes, by Vincaboon. - -A landscape, by Fr. Miel. - -A view of Willybos, by T. Molinaer. - -A landscape, by Both and Bodwyn. - -Iphigenia, after Bourdon. - -A landscape, by P. Brill, or Vincaboon. - -A white fox or racoon, by Hondicooter. - -A small gale, by Vandervelde. - -A landscape, by Both. - -A landscape, by De Vries. - -The fable of the Satyr and clown, by Sorgue. - -A landscape, by Ruysdale. - -Ditto, by Both. - -A philosopher’s head, by Pietro da Pietri. - -A battle, by Tillemans. - -Ruins, by Ghisolfi. - -A landscape, by Fauquier. - -Ditto, perhaps Artois. - -A sketch of a sea fight, by Vandervelde. - -A landscape, with Elijah and the ravens, by R. Savory. - -Two pictures of lions and tygers, by J. Vanderbank. - -Christ and the Samaritan woman, and Mary Magdalen in the garden, by -Columbell. - -Head of Annibal Caracci, by himself. - -A view of the Rhine, by Vosterman. - -The nativity, a sketch, by Rubens. - -A sea piece, by Monamy. - -Two landscapes, by Vandiest. - -An emblematical picture of Justice, by Solimeni. - -Virgin and child, and St. Francis with angels, by Seb. Concha. - -St. Francis asleep, an angel fiddling, after Philippo Laura. - -A storm, by Vandervelde. - -A landscape, by Kierings. - -A landscape, by De la Hire. - -A copy, from Claude. - -A view, with ruins and figures, by Marco and Sebastian Ricci. - -A fresh gale, by Vandervelde. - -Hagar and Ishmael, by Val. Castelli. - -St. Jerome, by Guido. - -Riposo, by L. Caracci, or Carlo Cignani. - -Two landscapes, by Vorsterman. - -Peter in prison, by Stenwick. - -Destruction of Sodom, by ditto. - -The deluge, by Polemburgh. - -Corps de Guard and its companion, by Bamboccio. - -A landscape, by Mat. Brill. - -A landscape, in imitation of Ruysdale. - -A landscape, with a Magdalen, by Teniers. - -A landscape, by Ruysdale. - -The head of Isaiah, on paper, by Raphael. - -A conversation, by Ostade. - -A battle, by Bourgognone. - -Soldier and boors fighting, Molinaer. - -A landscape, Swanevelt. - -Belshazzar’s feast, after Rembrandt, by Tillemans. - -Still life, Edema. - -A hen and chickens, Cradock. - -A battle, by Vander Mulen. - -The mocking of Christ, by Cheron. - -Incendio del Borgo, after Raphael. - -Christ and St. Thomas, Cavedone. - -Two portraits of P. Cha. and his mother. - -A fruit piece, by Mich. Angelo Campidoglio, o da Pace. - -David and Solomon, Rubens. - -Two landscapes, Annib. Caracci. - -A conversation, Seb. Bourdon. - -A conversation, with dancing, Annib. Caracci. - -A masquerade, Gobbo Caracci. - -Benjamin accused of stealing the cup, by J. De Wit. - -Two landscapes, by Mola. - -The battle of Amazons, after Jul. Romano. - -Two landscapes, Vincaboon. - -Mr. Handel’s picture, by Hudson. - -Fowls, &c. Y. Wenix. - -The passage of the red sea, by De Wit. - -A concert of music, by Pasqualini. - -Hero and Leander, by Elsheimer. - -Two heads of Lodov. and Aug. Caracci. - -A sea port, by Storck. - -A pieta, Trevisani. - -Christ, Simon the Pharisee, and M. Magdalen, by Lappi. - -A view of Scheveling, a storm coming on, by Ruysdale. - -A battle, by Mich. Angelo delle Battaglie. - -St. Sebastian, by Guercino. - -Bened. Castiglione, by himself. - -A landscape, with cattle, by Cuyp. - -The inside of the Jesuits church at Antwerp, by De Neef. - -A landscape with cattle, by Rosa of Tivoli. - -Æolus and the four winds, by Carlo Maratti. - -Two heads of St. Peter and St. Paul, by Guercino. - -Christ asleep, with two angels looking on, by Murillo. - -A wounded stag swimming across a brook. - -St. Jerome and the Angel with a trumpet, by Guercino. - -A view of Sulftara, by Berchem and Both. - -A battle of the bridge, by Bourgognone. - -A landscape, with a Magdalen in it, by Albani, or Bartolom. Breenberg in -imitation of him. - -A sketch of martyrdom, by Vandyke. - -A horse watering, by Wovermans. - -A landscape, by Adr. Vandervelde. - -A copy of Raphael’s Heliodorus. - -A sketch, by Rubens, of binding of Samson. - -A sea port, by J. Miel. - -A landscape, by Paul Brill. - -A landscape, by Tillemans, or Houseman. - -A sea piece, by Dubbels. - -A chalk kiln, by Ruysdale. - -A landscape, by Hobbima. - -A moon-light, by Vanderneer. - -A landscape, by Wynantz. - -Hector and Achilles, by Nic. Poussin, or Pietro Testa. - -Two landscapes, by Claude Lorraine. - -St. Peter dictating the gospel to St. Mark, by Pietro di Cortona. - -A landscape, by Verboom, the figures, &c. by Adr. Vandervelde. - -Decollation of St. John the Baptist, by Mich. Angelo da Carravagio, or -Valentini. - -A man’s head, by Ant. Moore. - -A view of the Doge’s palace, after Canaletti. - -A landscape, by F. Miel. - -A calm, by Vandiest. - -A battle, by Tillemans. - -A Court de Guard, by Le Duc. - -The holy child Jesus in the arms of Joseph, by Giuseppe del Solo, a -disciple of Carlo Cignani. - -A landscape, by Solomon Ruysdale. - -An ascension, the finished sketch for the King’s chapel at Versailles, by -Jouvenet. - -A holy family, by Erasm. Quiline. - -A landscape, by Croose. - -A bag piper, by Albert Durer. - -Two sketches, after Tintoret, one the trial of Christ, the other leading -him away. - -A sea piece, by Van Cappel. - -A landscape, by Sol. Ruysdale. - -Dead game, with a dog and cat, by Fyte. - -Two landscapes, by Mola. - -A landscape, by Pynas. - -A landscape and architecture, by Le Maire, with figures, by Phil. Laura. - -A landscape, by Fauquier. - -A village carnival, by P. Wovermans. - -A holy family, by Carlo Maratti. - -Two landscapes, by Bellin. - -Christ healing the sick, a sketch, by Tintoret. - -Fowls, by Cradock. - -A landscape, by Nic. Poussin. - -Riposo, F. Vanni. - -A cartoon head, by Raphael. - -Christ disputing with the doctors, a sketch, by Titian. - -A holy family, by Schidoni. - -A battle, by Salvator Rosa. - -Two views of the Clitumnus and Avernus, by Wilson. - -A storm, by Annib. Caracci. - -A landscape, with the baptism of Christ, by Nic. Poussin. - -Samson slaying the Philistines with the jaw bone of an ass, Val. Castelli. - -Fred. Zuccaro’s picture, by himself. - -Hercules and Antæus, by Rubens. - -Hagar and Ishmael, by Le Sueur. - -A woman making lace, by Scalken. - -The fall of Simon Magus, a sketch, by Pompeio. - -A shepherd and shepherdess with cattle, by C. du Jardin. - -A landscape, by Dekker. - -A girl sewing, by Ostade. - -An ox, by Potter, the landscape by Vanderhyde. - -The flight into Egypt, by Dominic. Antolini. - -Hercules and Cerberus, a sketch, by Rubens. - -A landscape and cattle, by Carree. - -A landscape, by Brughel, the figures Rotenhamer. - -Moses on the mount, by Jac. Bassan. - -A landscape, by Dekker. - -A copy of Guido’s Aurora, by Carlo Maratti, or Gius. Cari. - -A landscape, by Mr. Wotton. - -Lot and his daughters, by Elsheimer. - -Christ in the garden, by P. Veronese. - -A moon-light, by O. Giffier. - -A landscape, by Berkheyde. - -A landscape, by De Heusch. - -A landscape, by Wynantz, the figures by Wovermans. - -Christ’s agony in the garden, by Ant. Balestra. - -John Baptist pointing him out to two disciples, ditto. - -A landscape, by Vanderneer. - -A landscape, by Fauquier, with figures, by Teniers. - -A witch and devils, by Hellish Brughel. - -A battle, by Wotton. - -An old man’s head, by Rembrandt. - -A landscape, by Borsam. - -Venus coming to Vulcan to beg armour for Æneas, by Goltzius. - -A landscape, by Gaspar Poussin. - -A landscape, by Nicola Poussin. - -Two heads, of an old man and an old woman, by Denier. - -King Ahasuerus and Q. Esther, by Gabiani. - -The sick man healed at the pool of Bethesda, by Erasmus Quillinius. - -The last supper, by Jouvenet. - -Head of a madona, with a book, by Elisabetti Sirani. - -A landscape, by Studio. - - - Bustos, Statues, Bas Reliefs, &c. - - -A girl’s head, marble, after the antique, by Scheemaker. - -A model of St. John Baptist in the wilderness, by Bernini, in terra cotta. - -The judgment of Midas, an ivory Bas Rel. - -Orpheus playing to the beasts, Bas Rel. Bronze. - -Erato, Bronze, antique. - -The statue of Fides Christiana, by Roubiliac, marble. - -A model of St. Andrew, by Fiamingo, terra cotta. - -A madona and child, in imitation of Rubens’s manner of painting, terra -cotta. - -Ceres, after that in the Capitol, by Scheemaker, terra cotta. - -St. Jerome, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta. - -A Bacchanalian boy, after Camillo Ruscoin, by Hayward. - -A bust of Aratus, after the antique, by ditto, marble. - -A model of Mr. Roubiliac’s statue of Fides Christiana, in terra cotta. - -A model of Moses, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta. - -A model of Flora, by Roubiliac. ter. cotta. - -A vestal, after the antique, by Hayward, marble. - -A small antique bust of Æsclepiades, the Greek physician, marble. - -ORMOND _yard_, Great Ormond street. - -_Court of_ ORPHANS. This court is occasionally held at Guildhall, by the -Lord Mayor and Aldermen, who are guardians to the children of freemen -under the age of twenty-one years at the decease of their fathers, and -take upon them not only the management of their goods and chattels, but -likewise that of their persons, by placing them under the care of -tutors, to prevent disposing of themselves during their minority, -without their approbation. - -By this court the common serjeant is authorised to take exact accounts -and inventories of all the deceased freemen’s estates; and the youngest -attorney of the Lord Mayor’s court being clerk to that of the orphans, -is appointed to take securities for their several portions, in the name -of the Chamberlain of London, who is a corporation of himself, for the -service of the said orphans; and to whom a recognizance or bond, made -upon the account of an orphan, shall by the custom of London, descend to -his successor. - -It may not be improper to add, that when a freeman dies and leaves -children in their minority, the clerks of the several parishes are -according to a law of the city, to give in their names to the common -crier, who is immediately to summon the widow, or executor, to appear -before the court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen, to bring an inventory of, -and security for the testator’s estate; for which two months time is -commonly allowed: and, in case of non-appearance, or refusal of -security, the Lord Mayor may commit the contumacious executor to -Newgate. _Lex Lond._ - -OVERMAN’S _court_, Pepper alley.† - -OWEN’S _Almshouse_, near the south end of Islington, was erected by the -company of Brewers, in the year 1610, for ten poor widows of the parish -of St. Mary’s Islington, pursuant to the will of the Lady Alice Owen, -who allowed each widow 3_l._ 16_s._ _per annum_, three yards of cloth -for a gown every other year, and 6_l._ to be laid out annually in coals -for the use of the whole. - -OXENDON _street_, Coventry street. - -OXFORD ARMS _Inn lane_, Warwick lane, near Newgate market.* - -OXFORD ARMS _passage_, Warwick lane.* - -OXFORD ARMS _yard_, in the Haymarket.* - -OXFORD _court_, 1. Camomile street. 2. Salter’s Hall court, Swithin’s -lane. Here was anciently the house of the Prior of Torrington in -Suffolk, which afterwards fell to the Earls of Oxford; but that edifice -being at length demolished, and this court built in its room, it -retained the name of the former possessor. 3. Oxford street. - -OXFORD _market_, Oxford street, so called from its being on the estate of -the late Earl of Oxford. - -OXFORD _street_, St. Giles’s pound. This street, the market, and court of -the same name, are all on the estate of the late Earl of Oxford. - - -[Illustration] - - - - - P. - - -PACKER’S _court_, Coleman street. - -PACKINGTON’S _Almshouse_, in White Friars, Fleet street, commonly called -Clothworkers almshouses, was founded by the Lady Anne Packington, relict -of Sir John Packington, Chirographer of the court of Common Pleas, about -the year 1560, for the accommodation of eight poor women, each of whom -receives annually of the Clothworkers company, who have the trust of -this charity, the sum of 4_l._ nine bushels of coals, and new apparel -every third year. _Maitland._ - -PACKSON’S _rents_, Jamaica street. - -PACKTHREAD _ground_, 1. Bandy Leg walk. 2. End of Barnaby street. 3. -Coleman street. 4. Gravel lane. 5. Near Maiden lane. - -PADDINGTON, a village in Middlesex, situated on the north side of Hyde -Park. - -PAGE (Sir Gregory) for an account of his house and pictures. See -BLACKHEATH. - -PAGEANT’S _stairs_, Rotherhith. - -PAGE’S _walk_, King’s Road.† - -PAGE’S _yard_, Brewhouse lane, Wapping.† - -PAIN’S _alley_, Wapping Wall.† - -PAIN’S _yard_, Swan alley, East Smithfield.† - - -[Illustration: - - _A Scene in the Gardens of Pain’s Hill._ - _S. Wale delin._ _F. Vivares sculp._ -] - - -PAIN’S _hill_, near Cobham, in Surry, is the seat of the Honourable -Charles Hamilton, who has made great improvements, by inclosing a large -tract of barren land, which though so poor as to produce nothing but -heath and broom, he has so well cultivated and adorned, that few places -are equal to it. The whole place is about five miles round; it is laid -out in the modern taste, and planted with a beautiful variety of trees, -plants, and flowers. The fine inequalities of the ground give a -perpetual variety to the prospects, especially on that side next the -river Mole, which river, though it lies lower than the level of the -gardens by twenty feet, is brought into them by means of a wheel -curiously contrived, which is turned by the river. Every time it turns -round it takes up the water and conveys it through a spiral pipe from -the circumference of the wheel to the center of it, from whence it is -discharged into a trough, and from thence through pipes into the -gardens, where by the joint assistance of nature and art, it is formed -into a fine winding lake or piece of water, with an island in it, -planted and laid out in walks, with bridges over to it of the most -simple contrivance, and the whole surrounded with rising grounds, clumps -of trees, and hanging woods, in as romantic and picturesque a manner as -imagination can conceive. These gardens are but lately laid out, and -consequently some of the plantations will appear to more advantage as -they advance in growth. But the place upon the whole is very beautiful, -and extremely well worth seeing. - -PAINTER’S _court_, Berry street. - -PAINTER’S _rents_, Ratcliff highway. - -PAINTER STAINERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by -Queen Elizabeth in the year 1582; by the name of _The Master, Wardens -and Commonalty of the freemen of the art and mystery of painting, called -Painter Stainers, within the city of London_. - -This fraternity is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and nine -Assistants, to which belongs a livery of 124 members, who upon their -admission pay a fine of 14_l._ - -PAINTER STAINERS _Hall_, in Little Trinity lane, is adorned with a -handsome screen, arches, and pilasters of the Corinthian order, painted -in imitation of porphyry, with gilt capitals. The pannels are of -wainscot, and on the ceiling is finely painted by Fuller, Pallas -triumphant, while Art and Fame, attended by Mercury, suppress their -enemies, Sloth, Envy, Pride, &c. the other paintings are Endymion and -Luna, by Palmatier; Orpheus slaying Pan, by Brull; Art and Envy, by -Hungis; the portraits of King Charles II. and his Queen Catharine, by -Houseman; a portrait of Camden; the fire of London; a piece of -architecture of the Corinthian order, by Trevit; another of the Ionic -order, given by Mr. Thompson, the city painter; Heraclitus and -Democritus, by Penn; a landscape, by Aggas; fish and fowl, by Robinson; -a piece of birds, by Barlow; a piece of fruit and flowers, by Everbrook; -a ruin, by Griffier; and a fine piece of shipping, by Peter Monumea. -There are several other pieces in the parlour. - -In the court room are some fine pictures, most of which are portraits of -the members of the company; and in the front of the room is a fine bust -of Mr. Thomas Evans, who left five houses in Basinghall street to the -company. - -Mr. Camden, the famous antiquarian, whose father was a painter in the -Old Bailey, gave the Painter Stainers company a silver cup and cover, -which they use every St. Luke’s day at their election; the old Master -drinking to the one then elected, out of it. Upon this cup is the -following inscription: - - GUL. CAMDENUS CLARENCEUX FILIUS SAMPSONIS PICTORIS LONDINENSIS DONO - DEDIT. _Maitland._ - -PALLMALL, a very handsome street, inhabited by several persons of the -first quality, extending from the end of the Haymarket to St. James’s -palace. - -PALLMALL _court_, Pallmall. - -PALMER’S _Almshouse_, at Tothill-side, Westminster, was founded by James -Palmer, B. D. in the year 1654, for the reception of twelve poor men and -women, to each of whom he gave a perpetual annuity of 6_l._ and a -chaldron of coals. - -To this building also belongs a school, in which twenty boys are taught -reading, writing, and arithmetic; for which the master has an annual -salary of 12_l._ and a chaldron of coals, with a convenient house, and a -gown every other year. - -Here also is a chapel for the use of the pensioners and scholars, in -which the founder himself for some time preached and prayed twice a day -to them. _Maitland._ - -PALSGRAVE’S HEAD _court_, in the Strand.* - -PALYN’S _Almshouse_, in Pesthouse row, near Old street, was founded by -George Palyn, citizen and girdler, for six poor members of his company; -he also endowed it with an estate of 40_l._ a year, and committed it to -the trust of that company. _Maitland._ - -PANCRAS, a small hamlet in Middlesex, on the north west side of London, in -the road to Kentish town. It has a church dedicated to St. Pancras, and -called St. Pancras in the Fields, an old plain Gothic structure, with a -square tower without a spire. It is a vulgar tradition that this church -is of greater antiquity than that of St. Paul’s cathedral, of which it -is only a prebend; but this arises from a mistake; for the church of St. -Pancras, termed the mother of St. Paul’s, was situated in the city of -Canterbury, and was changed from a Pagan temple to a Christian church by -St. Austin the monk, in the year 598, when he dedicated it to St. -Pancras. - -The church yard, is a general burying place for persons of the Romish -religion. At a public house on the south side of the church is a -medicinal spring. - -_St._ PANCRAS, a church which stood on the north side of St. Pancras lane, -near Queen street, in Cheap ward, owed its name, as did the church -mentioned in the above article, to St. Pancras a young Phrygian -nobleman, who suffered martyrdom under the Emperor Dioclesian, for his -strict adherence to the Christian religion. This church, which was a -rectory, and one of the peculiars in this city belonging to the -Archbishop of Canterbury, was destroyed by the fire of London, and not -being rebuilt, the parish was, by act of parliament, annexed to the -church of St. Mary le Bow in Cheapside. - -PANCRAS _lane_, Queen street, Bucklersbury. - -PANKETHMAN’S _buildings_, Golden lane. - -PANNIER _alley_, near Cheapside, leads from Blowbladder street into Pater -noster row, and is said to be the highest ground within the city walls. -About the middle of the alley, a stone is fixed in the wall in the form -of a pedestal, on the side of which is cut in relief a boy riding -astride upon a pannier, and this inscription. - - When you have sought the city round, - Yet still this is the highest ground. - -PANTON _square_, 1. Coventry street. 2. Oxendon street. - -PANTON _street_, Haymarket. - -PANTON’S _rents_, Chiswell street.† - -PAPER _buildings_, a range of buildings in the Temple, originally built in -the year 1607; but being consumed by fire, were rebuilt; in a very -handsome manner in 1685. At the north end are painted the figures of the -four cardinal virtues. - -PAPER _office_, Whitehall. An ancient office under the Secretaries of -state, the keeper of which has under his charge all the public papers, -writings, matters of state and council; all letters, intelligences, -negotiations of the King’s public ministers abroad, and in general all -the papers and dispatches that pass through the offices of the two -Secretaries of state, which are, or ought to be, from time to time -transmitted to this office, and remain here, disposed by way of library. -_Chamberlain’s Present State._ - -PAPEY, an hospital which stood at the north end of St. Mary Ax, and was -founded by three priests in the year 1430, for a Master, two Wardens, -and several Chaplains, Chauntry Priests, &c. It belonged to the -brotherhood of St. John the Evangelist and St. Charity. Such priests as -were become lame, or in great poverty, were here relieved, and had -chambers with a certain allowance of bread, drink, and coals; and one -old man, with his wife, was to see them constantly served, and to keep -the house clean. This hospital was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI. - -PARADISE _court_, 1. Lady Clark’s yard, Gravel lane. 2. Peter street. - -PARADISE _row_, 1. Brook’s street, Bond street. 2. Near St. George’s -fields. 3. Lambeth. 4. Tottenham Court Road. - -PARDON _church_, a chapel formerly situated to the east of the Bishop of -London’s palace, in St. Paul’s church yard, in a place at that time -known by the name of Pardon Church Haugh. This chapel was erected by -Gilbert Becket, sheriff of London, in the reign of King Stephen, and -rebuilt in the reign of Henry V. by Thomas More, Dean of St. Paul’s, who -also encompassed it with a cloister. On the east side was a handsome -library founded by Walter Shiryngton, Chancellor of the duchy of -Lancaster. In this chapel were interred several persons, whose -monuments, according to Mr. Stow, excelled in curious workmanship those -in the neighbouring cathedral, and on the walls were painted the Dance -of Death, in imitation of a painting in the cloister of St. Innocent’s -church at Paris, with English verses translated out of French by John -Lydgate, a famous old poet, by way of explanation. - -PARISH CLERKS. See CLERKS. - -PARISH GARDEN _lane_, Upper Ground, Southwark. - -PARISH GARDEN _stairs_, Upper Ground. - -PARISH _street_, Horselydown. - -PARK, in Southwark; several streets built upon the spot where the Bishop -of Winchester had formerly a park, which joined to his palace. - -PARK GATE, Redcross street, Southwark. - -PARK PLACE, St. James’s street, St. James’s. - -PARK PROSPECT, Knightsbridge. - -PARK PROSPECT _court_, Manchester street. - -PARK _street_, 1. Little Grosvenor street. 2. Tothill street, -Westminster.☐ - -PARKER’S _alley_. 1. Near Cherry Garden stairs.† 2. Turnmill street.† - -PARKER’S _court_, Coleman street.† - -PARKER’S _gardens_, Heydon yard, in the Minories.† - -PARKER’S _lane_, Drury lane.† - -PARKER’S _rents_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.† - -PARKER’S LANE _School_, situated in Parker’s lane, Drury lane, was founded -about the year 1663, by Mr. William Skelton of St. Giles’s in the -Fields, for the education of fifty poor boys, thirty-five of whom to be -of the parish of St. Giles in the Fields, ten of that of St. Martin in -the Fields, and five of St. Paul’s Covent Garden. The Master has a -salary of 20_l._ two chaldrons of coals, and a gown every year, for -teaching the children reading, writing, and arithmetic, each of whom has -a coat of 6_s._ price every year; and the surplus arising from the -estate is employed in putting them out apprentices. _Maitland._ - -PARLIAMENT. This great council, which is the highest and most ancient -court of the kingdom, was indifferently denominated by the Saxons, -_Michel Gemote_, and _Witen Gemote_, that is, the great court and -council of wise men. _Coke’s Institutes._ - -The first mention we find of this court, is on its being held in this -city by Egbert and Withlaf, Kings of Wessex, and Mercia, in the year -833, for deliberating on ways and means to oppose the piratical -invasions, and destructive depredations of the Danes. _Spelman’s -Concilia._ - -This great council, which was held twice a year before the conquest, -consists of the King, the Lords spiritual and temporal, and the Commons: -the Lords spiritual, consisting of the two Archbishops, and twenty-four -Bishops, sit by virtue of their respective baronies, which they hold in -a political capacity: the Lords temporal, who are created by the King’s -patent, and therefore cannot be reduced to any certain number, sit by -descent, or creation: and the Commons, who amount to 558, consist of -Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, the representatives of the commonalty -of Great Britain; who, by virtue of the King’s writs, are elected by the -several counties, cities, and boroughs. - -The power of parliament is so great and extensive, that it makes, -amends, reduces, revives, and abrogates laws, statutes, and ordinances, -concerning matters ecclesiastical, civil, and military. None can begin, -continue, or dissolve this council, but by the King’s authority. - -All the members of parliament sat together till the fiftieth of Edward -III. in the year 1377, when the Commons removed to the Chapter-house of -Westminster, in the cloister of the Abbey. - -For the distinct privileges, and the manner of proceeding in the houses -of Lords and Commons, see the articles LORDS, and COMMONS. - -PARLIAMENT _alley_, Artillery lane. - -PARLIAMENT _stairs_, Old Palace yard.☐ - -PARLIAMENT _stairs alley_, Old Palace yard. - -PARLIAMENT _street_, a very handsome and spacious new built street, -adorned with very handsome buildings. It extends from New Palace yard to -the Cockpit. - -PARMER’S _yard_, Stony lane.† - -PARREY’S _rents_, Portpool lane, Leather lane.† - -PARROT _alley_, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Whitecross street, Old street.* - -PARROT’S _rents_, Chequer alley, Whitecross street, Old street.† - -PARROT _yard_, Parrot alley, East Smithfield.* - -PARSON’S _court_, 1. Bride lane, Fleet street.† 2. White street.† - -PARSON’S _rents_, Cow lane, Smithfield.† - -PARSON’S _yard_, 1. Fore street, Lambeth.† 2. Shoreditch. - -PASSAGE, Lambeth. - -PATENT _Office_, Palsgrave Head court, near Temple Bar. - -PATER NOSTER _alley_, Pater noster row. - -PATER NOSTER _row_, extends from Cheapside to Amen corner. This street was -anciently so called on account of the number of stationers, or writers -who lived there before the invention of the noble art of printing; who -wrote and sold the little books most in use in those times of ignorance, -as alphabets with the Pater noster, the Ave Maria, the Creed and Graces. -In the same place also dwelt the turners of beads for rosaries, who were -also called Pater noster makers. At the end of Pater noster row near -Amen corner is Ave Mary lane, which was also so called from the writers -and beadmakers, who resided there. Pater noster row is still inhabited -by many eminent wholesale booksellers and publishers. _Maitland._ 2. -Dorset street, Spitalfields. - -PATIENCE _street_, Anchor street. - -PATRICK’S _court_, Houndsditch.† - -PATTENMAKERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King -Charles II. in the year 1670; consisting of a Master, two Wardens, -twenty-four Assistants, and forty-six Liverymen, who at their admission -pay a fine of 6_l._ but have no hall. - -PATTEN RING _alley_, Maze Pond, near Snow fields. - -PAV’D _alley_, 1. Charles’s street, St. James’s. 2. Lime street, by -Leadenhall street. 3. London House yard. 4. Water lane, Black Friars. 5. -White Friars. - -PAV’D _court_, 1. Bell Inn yard. 2. Five Feet lane. 3. Fleetwood’s rents. -4. George yard. 5. Green Bank. - -PAV’D _entry_, London Wall. - -PAVEMENT _row_, Moorfields. - -PAVIOURS, a fellowship by prescription, and not by charter. - -This company is governed by three Wardens and twenty-five Assistants; -but though they have a coat of arms, they have neither hall nor livery. - -PAVIOURS _alley_, Drury lane. - -PAVIOURS _court_, Grub street, by Fore street, Moorgate. - -PAULIN’S _street_, Hanover street.† - -PAULIN’S _wharf_, Durham yard, in the Strand. - -PAUL’S _alley_, 1. Fenchurch street. 2. St Paul’s Church yard. 3. Redcross -street. 4. Wood street, Cheapside. - -_St._ PAUL’S _Cathedral_, the most magnificent Protestant church in the -world. This edifice has been generally supposed to have been founded in -the place where anciently stood a temple dedicated by the Romans to the -goddess Diana; an opinion derived from the tradition, of the heads of -oxen, the horns of deer, and the tusks of boars having been commonly dug -up there; but as Sir Christopher Wren in clearing the foundations of -this ancient structure, found none of these, he justly discredited the -opinion, and his son, in his _Parentalia_, has given a different account -of the origin of the ancient edifice. - - -[Illustration: - - _S^t. Paul’s_ - _S. Wale delin._ _E. Rooker sculp._ -] - - -This gentleman observes, that the first cathedral of the episcopal see -of London was built in the area, where had been the Roman Prætorian -camp, and in the situation on which all the succeeding fabrics stood: -but that this structure was demolished during the great and general -persecution under the Emperor Dioclesian. This persecution was however -short, the church is supposed to have been re-edified under Constantine; -but it was afterwards destroyed by the Pagan Saxons, and restored again -upon the old foundations, when they embraced Christianity in the seventh -century, when Sebert, King of Essex, advanced Mellitus to the bishopric -of London. - -In 675, we find Erkenwald the fourth Bishop of London from Mellitus, -expending great sums of money in repairing and beautifying the ancient -edifice, augmenting its revenues, and procuring for it the most -considerable privileges from the Pope and the Saxon princes then -reigning: for these works the Bishop was canonized at his death, and his -body placed in a glorious shrine above the high altar in the east part -of the church, where this shrine remained the admiration of succeeding -ages, till the fatal destruction of the whole fabric by fire. - -This catastrophe happened in the year 961; and as it was rebuilt the -same year, it is highly probable, that these early structures, how -magnificent soever they might then be thought, were only small wooden -buildings. - -During the Saxon heptarchy, this church flourished extremely; Kenrad -King of Mercia declared it as free in all its rights, as he himself -desired to be at the day of judgment; Athelstan endowed it with fifteen -lordships; Edgar, with two; and Egleflede his wife with two more; all -which were confirmed by the charters of Ethelred and Canute, which -solemnly imprecate curses on all who dare to violate it. - -The next benefactor to this church was Edward the Confessor; but at the -Norman invasion, which soon followed, some of its revenues were seized -by the Conqueror; but he was no sooner seated on the throne, than he -caused full restitution to be made; and even confirmed all its rights, -privileges and immunities, in the amplest manner; with benedictions upon -those who should augment its possessions, and solemn imprecations upon -all who should violate any of the charters made in its favour. - -In that reign, however, a dreadful fire consumed it a second time, and -by this conflagration, which happened in 1086, the greatest part of this -city was also laid in ashes: but this destruction served to make way for -a more magnificent building, than had ever yet been applied to the -purposes of devotion in this kingdom. Maurice, then Bishop of London, -having undertaken this great work, obtained of the King the old stones -of a spacious castle in the neighbourhood called the Palatine Tower, -situated near the river Fleet; but though he lived twenty years, and -prosecuted the work with uncommon earnestness, yet he left the -completion of what he had begun to succeeding generations. - -The successor of this Bishop followed his example, and even applied the -whole revenue of his see towards the advancement of this great work; but -like the former left it unfinished; after which it is supposed to have -been compleated by lay persons; but at what time, or in what manner, is -no where mentioned. Indeed William Rufus, who succeeded the Conqueror, -is said to have exempted all ships entering the river Fleet with stone -or other materials for the new cathedral, from toll and custom; and it -is not improbable that he might take this structure under his own -particular direction. - -But notwithstanding the length of time, and the great expence bestowed -upon this church, it had not long been compleated, when it was thought -not sufficiently magnificent; the steeple was therefore rebuilt and -finished about the year 1221; and then Roger Niger being promoted to the -see of London in 1229, proceeding with the choir compleated it in 1240, -and solemnly consecrated it afresh the same year, in the presence of the -King, the Pope’s Legate, and many Lords both spiritual and temporal. - -The spacious and magnificent edifice of St. Paul’s cathedral, being thus -finished, a survey was taken of it, by which its dimensions appear to -have been as follows. The length of the body of the church was 690 feet; -the breadth 130; the height of the roof of the west part within 102 -feet; that of the east 88; and that of the body 150; the height of the -tower from the ground was 260 feet; from whence rose a wooden spire -covered with lead 274 feet in length; on the top of which was a ball -nine feet one inch in circumference. This was crowned with a cross that -was fifteen feet in length, and the traverse six feet. - -The ornaments of this cathedral exceeded those of every other church in -the kingdom. The high altar stood between two columns, adorned with -precious stones, and surrounded with images most beautifully wrought, -and covered with a canopy of wood curiously painted with the -representation of Saints and Angels. - -The new shrine of St. Erkenwald stood on the east side of the wall above -the high altar, and was adorned with gold, silver, and precious stones; -but not being thought sufficiently rich, in 1339 three goldsmiths of -London were retained by the Dean and Chapter to work upon it a whole -year, at the end of which its lustre was so great, that Princes, Nobles, -Ambassadors, and other foreigners of rank flocked from all parts to -visit it, and to offer their oblations before it: among these we find -all the rings and jewels of Walter de Thorp, and the best saphire stone -of Richard de Preston; which last was applied to the curing of -infirmities of the eyes, and proclamation of its virtues was made by the -express will of the donor. - -The picture of St. Paul finely painted, was placed in a wooden -tabernacle on the right side of the high altar, and was esteemed a -masterly performance. - -Against a pillar in the body of the church, stood a beautiful image of -the Virgin Mary; and that a lamp might be continually kept burning -before it, and an anthem sung every day, John Burnet, Bishop of Bath and -Wells, bequeathed a handsome estate. - -In the center stood a large cross, and towards the north door a crucifix -at which offerings were made, that greatly increased the revenue of the -Dean and Canons. - -The last piece of ornament we shall mention, was the fine dial belonging -to the great clock, which being visible to all who passed by, care was -taken that it should appear with the utmost splendor, and in particular -an angel pointed to the hour. - -Under this cathedral was a parish church called St. Faith’s, in which -several persons of distinction were formerly interred: but no records -remain that mention the time when divine worship was performed in it. - -St. Paul’s cathedral was encompassed with a wall about the year 1109, -which extended from the north east corner of Ave Mary lane, eastward -along Pater noster row, to the north end of the Old Change in Cheapside; -whence it ran southward to Carter lane, and passing on the north side of -it to Creed lane, turned up to Ludgate street. To this wall there were -six gates, the principal of which was situated near the end of Creed -lane in Ludgate street. The second was at St. Paul’s alley in Pater -noster row, the third at Canon alley; the fourth, called the Little -gate, was situated at the entrance into Cheapside; the fifth, called St. -Austin’s, led to Watling street; and the sixth fronted the south gate of -the church near St. Paul’s chain. - -Within the north side of this enclosure was situated in the middle of -the church yard, a pulpit cross, at which sermons were preached weekly; -and here was held the folkmote, or general convention of the citizens. - -Facing this cross stood the charnel, in which the bones of the dead were -decently piled up together, a thousand loads whereof were removed to -Finsbury fields in the reign of Edward VI. and there laid in a moorish -place, with so much earth to cover them, as raised a considerable mount, -on which was erected three windmills to stand upon. - -On the north west corner of the church yard, was the episcopal palace, -contiguous to which on the east was a cemetery denominated Pardon Church -Haw, where Gilbert Becket erected a chapel in the reign of King Stephen. -See PARDON CHURCH. - -On the east of the church yard was a clochier or bell tower by St. -Paul’s school; wherein were four great bells, called Jesus bells, from -their belonging to Jesus chapel in St. Faith’s church; but these, -together with a fine image of St. Paul on the top of the spire, being -won by Sir Miles Partridge, Knt. of Henry VIII. at one cast of the dice, -were by that gentleman taken down and sold. - -It may not be improper here to take notice of the celebration of divine -service, the obsequies, anniversaries and chauntries particularly -belonging to this cathedral: as to the first, Richard Clifford, Bishop -of London, in 1414, with the consent of the Dean and Chapter, ordained -that from thence forward it should be altered from the old form, and -made conformable to the church of Salisbury, and other cathedrals within -this kingdom. - -The performance of obsequies for great persons deceased, was however -retained as a peculiar privilege of this cathedral, from whence great -profits arose. Indeed “the state and order observed on these occasions,” -says Sir William Dugdale, “was little inferior to that used at the -funerals of those great personages; the church and choir being hung with -black, and escutcheons of their arms; their herses set up in wonderful -magnificence, adorned with rich banner rolls, &c. and environed with -barriers; having chief mourners and assistants, accompanied by several -Bishops and Abbots in their proper habits; the Ambassadors of foreign -Princes, many of our Nobility, the Knights of the Garter, the Lord -Mayor, and the several Companies of London, who all attended with great -devotion at these ceremonies.” This author adds a list of Emperors, -Empresses, and Kings performed in this cathedral. - -As to anniversaries, those of the conversion and commemoration of St. -Paul, the consecration of the church, and the canonization of St. -Erkenwald, were the principal. It is very remarkable, with respect to -the first of these anniversaries, that Sir William le Baud, Knt. in the -third year of Edward I. granted a good fat doe annually on the day of -the conversion of St. Paul, and a good fat buck upon the day of -commemoration, which till the reign of Queen Elizabeth were received -with great formality at the steps of the choir, by the Canons cloathed -in their sacred vestments, with garlands of flowers on their heads. -Camden, who was an eye witness of this solemnity, says, that the horns -of the buck were carried on a spear in procession round the inside of -the church, the men blowing horns, &c. and then the buck being offered -at the high altar, a shilling was ordered by the Dean and Chapter for -the entertainment of the servants who brought it, and this concluded the -ceremony. - -The anniversaries of the consecration and canonization, were celebrated -at the public expence: but there were other anniversaries of a private -nature, provided for by particular endowments, as that of Sir John -Poultney, Knt. who had been four times Lord Mayor of London, and -assigned annual salaries to all who bore office about the church, -together with an allowance of 6_s._ 8_d._ to the Lord Mayor, 5_s._ to -the Recorder; 6_s._ 8_d._ to the two Sheriffs; 3_s._ 4_d._ to the Common -Crier; 6_s._ 8_d._ to the Lord Mayor’s serjeants, and 6_s._ 8_d._ to the -Master of the college of St. Laurence Poultney, provided they were -present at his anniversary; but if any were absent, their share were to -be distributed to the poor. There were many other anniversaries of the -same kind. - -The chauntries founded by men of condition for the maintenance of one or -two priests, to celebrate divine service daily, for the release from -purgatory of their souls, the souls of their dearest friends and -relations, and of all the faithful deceased; but these were in a short -time increased to such a degree, and the endowments were so slender, -that so early as the reign of Richard II. Bishop Baybroke caused -forty-four of them to be united into one solemn service. - -Having thus taken a transient survey of this magnificent edifice, in its -flourishing state, with all its appendages, we shall now view its -decline, and trace this venerable Gothic structure to its final -destruction. - -The first remarkable misfortune that befel it was in 1444, when about -two o’clock in the afternoon, its lofty wooden spire was fired by -lightning; but by the assiduity of the citizens, it was soon seemingly -extinguished: however to their great surprise and terror it broke out -again with redoubled fury at about nine o’clock at night; but by the -indefatigable pains of the Lord Mayor and citizens, it was at last -effectually extinguished. The damage was not however fully repaired till -the year 1462, when the spire was compleated, and a beautiful fane of -gilt copper in the form of an eagle was placed upon it. - -About an hundred years after this accident, another of the same kind -happened to it, generally attributed to the same cause, but much more -fatal in its consequences; the fire consuming not only the fine spire, -but the upper roof of the church, and that of the aisles for in the -space of four hours it burnt all the rafters, and every thing else that -was combustible: but though it was universally believed that this fire -was occasioned by lightning, yet, Dr. Heylin says, that an ancient -plumber confessed at his death, that it was occasioned through his -negligence in carelessly leaving a pan of coals in the steeple, while he -went to dinner, which taking hold of the dry timber in the spire, was -got to such a height at his return, that he judged it impossible to -quench it, and therefore concluded it would be more consistent with his -safety, not to contradict the common report. - -This calamity was followed by a general contribution among the clergy, -nobility, great officers of state, the city of London, and the Queen -herself, who gave a thousand marks in gold towards its speedy repair, -with a warrant for a thousand loads of timber to be cut in any of her -woods, wherever it should be found most convenient; so that in five -years time, the timber roofs were entirely finished, and covered with -lead, the two largest being framed in Yorkshire, and brought by sea; but -some difference in opinion arising about the model of the steeple, that -part of the work was left unattempted; and it was never after rebuilt; -for upon raising the roofs the walls were found to be so much damaged by -the fire, that it was judged necessary to make a general repair of the -whole building; but this was deferred for a long time. - -At length Mr. Henry Farley, after above eight years earnest solicitation -of King James I. prevailed on his Majesty to interpose in order to -prevent the ruin of this venerable fabric, when that Prince, considering -of what importance appearances are in the promotion of public zeal, -caused it to be rumoured abroad, that on Sunday the 26th of March 1620, -he would be present at divine service in St. Paul’s cathedral. - -Accordingly at the day appointed, his Majesty came thither on horseback -in all the pomp of royalty, attended by the principal nobility and great -officers of his court, and was met by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and -Livery in their formalities, who, upon the King’s alighting at the great -west door, joined in the procession. When his Majesty entered the -church, he kneeled near the brazen pillar, where he prayed for success; -and then was received under a canopy, supported by the Dean and -Residentiaries, the rest of the Prebends and Dignitaries, with the whole -company of singing men advancing before him to the choir, which, on this -occasion, was richly adorned with hangings. Here he heard an anthem, and -then proceeded to the cross, where Dr. King, Bishop of London, preached -a sermon suitable to the occasion, from a text given him by his Majesty, -in Psalm cii. 13, 14. and this sermon was afterwards circulated with -considerable effect through the whole kingdom. After divine service was -ended, his Majesty and the whole court were splendidly entertained at -the Bishop’s palace, where a consultation was held, in which it was -agreed to issue a commission under the great seal, directed to the -principal personages in the kingdom, empowering them to consider of the -necessary repairs, and to raise money for carrying them into execution. -But tho’ the commissioners afterwards met to prosecute this enquiry, -yet, as it was found that the ruin of the Bishop and principal -Dignitaries of the cathedral was chiefly aimed at, the whole affair came -to nothing. - -However, in the succeeding reign another commission was obtained for the -same purpose, by the assiduity of Archbishop Laud, which was attended -with better success; so that in 1632, Inigo Jones, his Majesty’s -Surveyor-general, was ordered to begin there pairs at the south east -end, and to bring them along by the south to the west end. - -That celebrated architect prosecuted the work with such diligence, that -in nine years time, the whole was finished both within and without, -except the steeple, which was intended to be entirely taken down, and a -magnificent portico of the Corinthian order, was also erected at the -west end, at the sole expence of King Charles I. ornamented with the -statues of his royal father and himself. - -Every thing being now in readiness for erecting the steeple and spire, -which were to be of stone, an estimate was made of the money -contributed, and that already expended in repairs; whereby it appeared -that 101,330_l._ 4_s._ 8_d._ had been received into the chamber of -London on this account, and but 35,551_l._ 2_s._ 4_d._ paid out, so that -there appeared to be a fund in hand sufficient to erect it in the most -magnificent manner: but the flames of civil war soon after breaking out, -a period was put to this great design. - -The revenues were now seized, the famous Pulpit Cross in the church yard -was pulled down; the scaffolding of the steeple was assigned by -parliament for the payment of arrears due to the army; the body of the -church was converted into saw pits; part of the south cross was suffered -to tumble down; the west part of the church was converted into a stable; -and the stately new portico into shops for milliners and others, with -lodging rooms over them, at the erecting of which, Dr. Heylin observes, -the magnificent columns were piteously mangled, being obliged to make -way for the ends of beams, which penetrated their centers. - -However, at the restoration, a new commission was procured for its -immediate reparation, and great sums of money raised by a voluntary -contribution; but before any thing material could be accomplished, the -dreadful fire of London reduced the whole edifice to little better than -a heap of ruins. - -After two years fruitless labour in endeavouring to fit up some part of -the old fabric for divine worship, it was found to be incapable of any -substantial repair. It was therefore resolved to raze the foundations of -the old building, and to erect on the same spot a new cathedral that -should equal, if not exceed the splendor of the old; for this end -letters patent were granted to several Lords spiritual and temporal, -authorising them to proceed in the work, and appointing Dr. Christopher -Wren, Surveyor-general of all his Majesty’s works, to prepare a model. -Contributions came in so extremely fast, that in the first ten years -above 126,000_l._ was paid into the chamber of London; a new duty for -the carrying on of this work was laid on coals, which at a medium -produced 5000_l._ _per annum_, and his Majesty generously contributed -1000_l._ a year, towards carrying on the work. - -Dr. Wren, afterwards Sir Christopher, was now called upon to produce his -designs; he had before drawn several, in order to discover what would be -most acceptable to the general taste; and finding that persons of all -degrees declared for magnificence and grandeur, he formed a very noble -one, conformable to the best style of the Greek and Roman architecture, -and having caused a large model to be made of it in wood, with all its -ornaments, he presented it to his Majesty; but the Bishops not approving -of it, as not enough of a cathedral fashion, the Surveyor was ordered to -amend it, upon which he produced the scheme of the present structure, -which was honoured with his Majesty’s approbation. The first design, -however, which was only of the Corinthian order, like St. Peter’s at -Rome, the Surveyor set a higher value upon than on any other he ever -drew, and as the author of his life observes, would have put it in -execution with more cheerfulness, than that which we now see erected. -This curious model is still preserved in the cathedral, and may be seen -at a small expence. - -In the year 1675, Dr. Wren began to prosecute the work; the pulling down -the old walls, which were eighty feet high, and clearing the rubbish, -had cost many of the labourers their lives; and this put him upon -contriving to facilitate its execution by art. The first project he -tried was with gunpowder; for on their coming to the tower of the -steeple, the men absolutely refused to work upon it; for its height -struck the most hardy of them with terror. He therefore caused a hole of -about four feet wide to be dug in the foundation of the north west -pillar, it being supported by four pillars each fourteen feet diameter, -and then with tools made on purpose, wrought a hole two feet square into -the center of the pillar, in which he placed a little deal box, -containing only eighteen pounds of powder. A cane was fixed to the box -with a match, and the hole closed up again with as much strength as -possible. - -Nothing now remained but to set fire to the train, and the Surveyor was -exceeding curious to observe the effect of the explosion, which indeed -was wonderful; for this small quantity of powder not only lifted up the -whole angle of the tower, with two arches that rested upon it; but also -the two adjoining arches of the isles, and all above them; and this it -seemed to do somewhat leisurely, cracking the walls to the top, and -lifting up visibly the whole weight about nine inches, which suddenly -tumbling to its center, again caused an enormous heap of ruin, without -scattering, and it was half a minute before this huge mountain opened in -two or three places and emitted smoke. The shock of so great a weight -from a height of two hundred feet, alarmed the inhabitants round about -with the terrible apprehensions of an earthquake. - -A second trial of the same kind, was made by a person appointed by Dr. -Wren, who being too wise in his own conceit, disobeyed the orders he had -received, put in a greater quantity of powder, and omitted to take the -same care in closing up the hole, or digging to the foundation; but -though this second trial had the desired effect, yet one stone was shot -as from the mouth of a cannon to the opposite side of the church yard, -and entered a private room where some women were at work; but no other -damage was done, besides spreading a panic among the neighbours, who -instantly made application above against the farther use of gunpowder, -and orders were issued from the council board accordingly. - -The Surveyor being now reduced to the necessity of making new -experiments, resolved to try the battering ram of the ancients, and -therefore caused a strong mast forty feet long to be shod with iron at -the biggest end, and fortified every way with bars and ferrels, and -having caused it to be suspended set it to work. Thirty men were -employed in vibrating this machine, who beat in one place against the -wall a whole day without any visible effect. He however bid them not -despair, but try what another day would produce; and on the second day -the wall was perceived to tremble at the top, and in a few hours it fell -to the ground. - -In clearing the foundation, he found that the north side had been -anciently a great burying place; for under the graves of these latter -ages, he found in a row the graves of the Saxons, who cased their dead -in chalk stones; tho’ persons of great eminence were buried in stone -coffins: below these were the graves of the ancient Britons, as was -manifest from the great number of ivory and wooden pins found among the -mouldered dust; for it was their method only to pin the corpse in -woollen shrouds, and lay them in the ground, and this covering being -consumed, the ivory and wooden pins remained entire. - -At a still greater depth he discovered a great number of Roman -potsheards, urns, and dishes, sound, and of a beautiful red like our -sealing wax; on the bottoms of some of them were inscriptions, which -denoted their having been drinking vessels; and on others, which -resembled our modern sallad dishes, beautifully made and curiously -wrought, was the inscription DZ. PRIMANI. and on others, those of -PATRICI. QUINTIMANI. VICTOR. IANUS. RECINIO, &c. The pots and several -glass vessels were of a murrey colour; and others resembling urns, were -beautifully embellished on the outsides with raised work, representing -grey hounds, stags, hares, and rose trees. Others were of a cinnamon -colour, in the form of an urn, and tho’ a little faded, appeared as if -they had been gilt. Some resembling juggs formed an hexagon, and were -curiously indented and adorned with a variety of figures in basso -relievo. - -The red vessels appeared to have been the most honourable; for on them -were inscribed the names of their deities, heroes, and judges; and the -matter of which these vessels were made, was of such an excellent -composition, as to vie with polished metal in beauty. - -There were also discovered several brass coins, which by their long -continuance in the earth were become a prey to time; but some of them -that were in a more favourable soil, were so well preserved as to -discover in whose reign they were coined: on one of them was Adrian’s -head, with a galley under oars on the reverse; and on others, the heads -of Romulus and Remus, Claudius and Constantine. - -At a somewhat smaller depth were discovered a number of _lapilli_ or -_tesselæ_, of various sorts of marble, viz. Egyptian, Porphyry, Jasper, -&c. in the form of dice, which were used by the Romans in paving the -_prætorium_, or General’s tent. _Conyers M. S. in the Sloanian library, -in the Museum._ - -On searching for the natural ground, Dr. Wren perceived that the -foundation of the old church stood upon a layer of very close and hard -pot earth, on the north side about six feet deep, but gradually thinning -towards the south, till on the declivity of the hill, it was scarce four -feet; yet he concluded that the same ground which had borne so weighty a -building before, might reasonably be trusted again. However, boring -beneath this, he found a stratum of loose sand; and lower still, at low -water mark, water and sand mixed with periwinkles and other sea shells; -under this, a hard beach; and below all the natural bed of clay that -extends far and wide, under the city, country, and river. - -The foundations appeared to be those originally laid, consisting of -Kentish rubble stone, artfully worked and consolidated with exceeding -hard mortar, after the Roman manner, much excelling what he found in the -superstructure. What induced him to change the scite of the church, and -eraze the old foundations which were so firm, was the desire of giving -the new structure a more free and graceful aspect; yet after all, he -found himself too much confined; and unable to bring his front to lie -exactly from Ludgate. However, in his progress he met with one -misfortune that made him almost repent of the alteration he had made; he -began the foundation from the west to the east, and then extending his -line to the north east, where he expected no interruption, he fell upon -a pit, where the hard crust of pot earth, already mentioned, had been -taken away, and to his unspeakable mortification, filled up with -rubbish: he wanted but six or seven feet to complete his design, yet -there was no other remedy but digging thro’ the sand, and building from -the solid earth, that was at least forty feet deep. He therefore sunk a -pit eighteen feet wide, tho’ he wanted at most but seven, thro’ all the -strata, that has been already mentioned, and laid the foundations of a -square pier of solid good masonry, which he carried up till he came -within fifteen feet of the present surface; and then turned a short arch -under ground to the level of the stratum of hard pot-earth, upon which -arch the north east coin of the choir now stands. - -This difficulty being surmounted, and the foundations laid, he for -several reasons made choice of Portland stone for the superstructure; -but chiefly as the largest scantlings were to be procured from thence: -however, as these could not be depended upon for columns exceeding four -feet in diameter, this determined this great architect to make choice of -two orders instead of one, and an Attic story, as at St. Peter’s at -Rome, in order to preserve the just proportions of his cornice, -otherwise the edifice must have fallen short of its intended height. -Bramante in building St. Peter’s, though he had the quarries of Tivoli -at hand, where he could have blocks large enough for his columns of nine -feet diameter, yet for want of stones of suitable dimensions, was -obliged to diminish the proportions of the proper members of his -cornice; a fault against which Dr. Wren resolved to guard. On these -principles he therefore proceeded, in raising the present magnificent -edifice. - -The general form of St. Paul’s cathedral is a long cross: the walls are -wrought in rustic, and strengthened as well as adorned by two rows of -coupled pilasters, one over the other; the lower Corinthian, and the -upper Composite. The spaces between the arches of the windows, and the -architrave of the lower order, are filled with a great variety of -curious enrichments, as are those above. - -The west front is graced with a most magnificent portico, a noble -pediment, and two stately turrets, and when one advances towards the -church from Ludgate, the elegant construction of this front, the fine -turrets over each corner, and the vast dome behind, fill the mind with a -pleasing astonishment. - -At this end, there is a noble flight of steps of black marble, that -extend the whole length of the portico, which consists of twelve lofty -Corinthian columns below, and eight of the Composite order above; these -are all coupled and fluted. The upper series supports a noble pediment -crowned with its acroteria. In this pediment is a very elegant -representation in bas relief, of the conversion of St. Paul, which was -executed by Mr. Bird, an artist, who, by this piece, has deserved to -have his name transmitted to posterity. Nothing could have been -conceived more difficult to represent in bas relief than this -conversion; the most striking object being naturally the irradiation of -light, but even this is well expressed, and the figures are excellently -performed. The magnificent figure of St. Paul, also on the apex of the -pediment, with St. Peter on his right and St. James on his left, have a -fine effect. The four Evangelists with their proper emblems on the front -of the towers, are also very judiciously disposed, and well executed: -St. Matthew is distinguished by an angel: St. Mark, by a lion; St. Luke, -by an ox; and St. John, by an eagle. - -To the north portico, there is an ascent by twelve circular steps of -black marble; and its dome is supported by six large Corinthian columns, -forty-eight inches in diameter. Upon the dome is a large and well -proportioned urn, finely ornamented with festoons; and over this is a -pediment supported by pilasters in the wall, in the face of which is the -royal arms, with the regalia, supported by angels. And lest this view of -the cathedral should appear void of sufficient ornament, the statues of -five of the Apostles are placed on the top at proper distances. - -The south portico answers to the north, and is placed directly opposite -to it. This, like the other, is a dome supported by six noble Corinthian -columns: but, as the ground is considerably lower on this, than on the -other side of the church, the ascent is by a flight of twenty-five -steps. This portico has also a pediment above, in which is a phœnix -rising out of the flames with the motto RESURGAM underneath it, as an -emblem of the rebuilding the church after the fire. This device had -perhaps its origin from an incident, which happened at the beginning of -the work, and was particularly remarked by the architect as a favourable -omen. When Dr. Wren himself had set out upon the place the dimensions of -the building, and fixed upon the center of the great dome, a common -labourer was ordered to bring him a flat stone, the first he found among -the rubbish, to leave as a mark of direction to the masons; the stone -which the fellow brought for this purpose, happened to be a piece of a -grave stone with nothing remaining of the inscription but this single -word in large capitals, RESURGAM; a circumstance which Dr. Wren never -forgot. On this side of the building are likewise five statues, which -take their situation from that of St. Andrew on the apex of the last -mentioned pediment. - -At the cast end of the church is a sweep or circular projection for the -altar, finely ornamented with the orders, and with sculpture, -particularly a noble piece in honour of his Majesty King William III. - -The dome which rises in the center of the whole, appears extremely -grand. Twenty feet above the roof of the church is a circular range of -thirty-two columns, with niches placed exactly against others within. -These are terminated by their entablature, which supports a handsome -gallery adorned with a balustrade. Above these columns is a range of -pilasters, with windows between; and from the entablature of these the -diameter decreases very considerably; and two feet above that it is -again contracted. From this part the external sweep of the dome begins, -and the arches meet at fifty-two feet above. On the summit of the dome -is an elegant balcony; and from its center rises the lanthorn adorned -with Corinthian columns; and the whole is terminated by a ball, from -which rises a cross, both elegantly gilt. These parts, which appear from -below of a very moderate size, are extremely large. - -This vast and noble fabric, which is 2292 feet in circumference, and 340 -feet in height to the top of the cross, is surrounded at a proper -distance by a dwarf stone wall, on which is placed the most magnificent -balustrade of cast iron perhaps in the universe, of about five feet six -inches in height, exclusive of the wall. In this stately enclosure are -seven beautiful iron gates, which, together with the banisters, in -number about 2500, weigh two hundred tons and eighty-one pounds, which -having cost 6_d._ per pound, the whole, with other charges, amounted to -11,202_l._ and 6_d._ - -In the area of the grand west front, on a pedestal of excellent -workmanship, stands a statue of Queen Anne, formed of white marble with -proper decorations. The figures on the base represent Britannia with her -spear; Gallia, with a crown in her lap; Hibernia, with her harp; and -America with her bow. These, and the colossal statues with which the -church is adorned, were all done by the ingenious Mr. Hill, who was -chiefly employed in the decorations. - -The north east part of the church yard is conferred by the Dean and -Chapter upon the inhabitants of St. Faith’s parish, which is united to -St. Austin’s, for the interment of their dead; as is also the south east -part of the cemetery, with a vault therein, granted to St. Gregory’s -parish for the same use. - -On ascending the steps at the west end, we find three doors ornamented -on the top with bas relief; the middle door, which is by far the -largest, is cased with white marble, and over it is a fine piece of -basso relievo, in which St. Paul is represented preaching to the -Bereans. On entering this door, on the inside of which hang the colours -taken from the French at Louisbourg in 1758, the mind is struck by the -nobleness of the vista; an arcade supported by lofty and massy pillars -on each hand, divide the church into the body and two isles, and the -view is terminated by the altar at the extremity of the choir. The above -pillars are adorned with columns and pilasters of the Corinthian and -Composite orders, and the arches of the roof enriched with shields, -festoons, chaplets and other ornaments. - -In the isle on one hand is the consistory, and opposite to it on the -other is the morning prayer chapel, where divine service is performed -every morning early, Sunday excepted: each of these have a very -beautiful screen of carved wainscot, that is admired by the best judges, -and each are adorned with twelve columns, arched pediments and the royal -arms, finely decorated. - -On proceeding forward, you come to the large cross isle between the -north and south porticos; over which is the cupola. Here you have a view -of the whispering gallery, of the paintings above it, and the concave, -which fills the mind with surprise and pleasure. Under its center is -fixed in the floor a brass plate, round which the pavement is -beautifully variegated; but the figures into which it is formed can no -where be so well seen as from the whispering gallery. - -You have now a full view of the organ, richly ornamented with carved -work, with the entrance to the choir directly under it. The two isles on -the sides of the choir, as well as the choir itself, are here enclosed -with very fine iron rails and gates. - -The organ gallery is supported by eight Corinthian columns of blue and -white marble, and the choir has on each side thirty stalls, besides the -Bishop’s throne on the south side, and the Lord Mayor’s on the north. -The carving of the beautiful range of stalls as well as that of the -organ, is much admired. - -Here the reader’s desk, which is at some distance from the pulpit, is an -enclosure of very fine brass rails gilt, in which is a gilt brass pillar -supporting an eagle of brass gilt, which holds the book on his back and -expanded wings. - -The altar piece is adorned with four noble fluted pilasters painted and -veined with gold in imitation of lapis lazuli, and their capitals are -double gilt. In the intercolumniations are twenty-one pannels of figured -crimson velvet, and above them six windows, in two series. - -The floor of the choir, and indeed of the whole church, is paved with -marble: but within the rails of the altar with porphyry, polished and -laid in several geometrical figures. - -But to be more particular: as the disposition of the vaultings within is -an essential beauty, without which many other ornaments would lose their -effect, so the architect was particularly careful in this respect. “The -Romans,” says the author of the _Parentalia_, “used hemispherical -vaultings, and Sir Christopher chose those as being demonstrably lighter -than the diagonal cross vaults: so the whole vault of St. Paul’s -consists of twenty-four cupolas cut off semicircular, with segments to -join to the great arches one way, and which are cut across the other, -with eliptical cylinders to let in the upper lights of the nave; but in -the isles the lesser cupolas are both ways cut in semicircular sections, -and altogether make a graceful geometrical form, distinguished with -circular wreaths which is the horizontal section of the cupola; for the -hemisphere may be cut all manner of ways into circular sections; and the -arches and wreaths being of stone carved, the spandrels between are of -sound brick, invested with stucco of cockle-shell lime, which becomes as -hard as Portland stone; and which having large planes between the stone -ribs, are capable of the farther ornaments of painting, if required. - -“Besides these twenty-four cupolas, there is a half cupola at the east, -and the great cupola of 108 feet in diameter at the middle of the -crossing of the great isles. In this the architect imitated the Pantheon -at Rome, excepting that the upper order is there only umbratile, and -distinguished by different coloured marbles; in St. Paul’s it is extant -out of the wall. The Pantheon is no higher within than its diameter; St. -Peter’s is two diameters; this shews too high, the other too low; St. -Paul’s is a mean proportion between both, which shews its concave every -way, and is very lightsome by the windows of the upper order, which -strike down the light thro’ the great colonade that encircles the dome -without, and serves for the abutment of the dome, which is brick of two -bricks thick; but as it rises every way five feet high, has a course of -excellent brick of eighteen inches long banding thro’ the whole -thickness; and moreover, to make it still more secure, it is surrounded -with a vast chain of iron strongly linked together at every ten feet. -This chain is let into a channel cut into the bandage of Portland stone, -and defended from the weather by filling the groove with lead. - -“The concave was turned upon a center; which was judged necessary to -keep the work even and true, though a cupola might be built without a -center; but it is observable that the center was laid without any -standards from below to support; and as it was both centering and -scaffolding, it remained for the use of the painter. Every story of this -scaffolding being circular, and the ends of all the ledgers meeting as -so many rings, and truly wrought, it supported itself. This machine was -an original of the kind, and will be an useful project for the like -work, to an architect hereafter. - -“It was necessary to give a greater height than the cupola would -gracefully allow within, tho’ it is considerably above the roof of the -church; yet the old church having before had a very lofty spire of -timber and lead, the world expected that the new work should not, in -this respect, fall short of the old; the architect was therefore obliged -to comply with the humour of the age, and to raise another structure -over the first cupola; and this was a cone of brick, so built as to -support a stone lanthorn of an elegant figure, and ending in ornaments -of copper gilt. - -“As the whole church above the vaulting is covered with a substantial -oaken roof, and lead, the most durable covering in our climate, so he -covered and hid out of sight the brick cone, with another cupola of -timber and lead; and between this and the cone, are easy stairs that -ascend to the lanthorn. Here the spectator may have a view of such -amazing contrivances as are indeed astonishing. He forbore to make -little luthern windows in the leaden cupola, as are done out of St. -Peter’s, because he had otherwise provided for light enough to the -stairs from the lanthorn above, and round the pedestal of the same, -which are now seen below; so that he only ribbed the outward cupola, -which he thought less Gothic than to stick it full of such little lights -in three stories one above another, as is the cupola of St. Peter’s, -which could not without difficulty be mended, and, if neglected, would -soon damage the timbers.” - -As Sir Christopher was sensible, that paintings, tho’ ever so excellent, -are liable to decay, he intended to have beautified the inside of the -cupola with mosaic work, which strikes the eye of the beholder with -amazing lustre, and without the least decay of colours, is as durable as -the building itself; but in this he was unhappily over-ruled, tho’ he -had undertaken to procure four of the most eminent artists in that -profession from Italy; this part is however richly decorated and painted -by Sir James Thornhill, who has represented the principal passages of -St. Paul’s life in eight compartments, viz. his conversion; his -punishing Elymas, the sorcerer, with blindness; his preaching at Athens; -his curing the poor cripple at Lystra, and the reverence paid him there -by the priests of Jupiter as a God; his conversion of the jailer; his -preaching at Ephesus, and the burning of the magic books in consequence -of the miracles he wrought there; his trial before Agrippa; his -shipwreck on the island of Melita, or Malta, with the miracle of the -viper. These paintings are all seen to advantage by means of a circular -opening, through which the light is transmitted with admirable effect -from the lanthorn above. - -The highest or last stone on the top of the lanthorn, was laid by Mr. -Christopher Wren, the son of this great architect, in the year 1710; and -thus was this noble fabric, lofty enough to be discerned at sea -eastward, and at Windsor to the west, begun and compleated in the space -of thirty-five years, by one architect, the great Sir Christopher Wren; -one principal mason, Mr. Strong; and under one Bishop of London, Dr. -Henry Compton: whereas St. Peter’s at Rome, the only structure that can -come in competition with it, continued an hundred and fifty five years -in building, under twelve successive architects; assisted by the police -and interests of the Roman see; attended by the best artists of the -world in sculpture, statuary, painting and mosaic work; and facilitated -by the ready acquisition of marble from the neighbouring quarries of -Tivoli. - -_The curiosities in this cathedral which strangers pay for seeing._ On -entering the south door, there is a pair of stairs within a small door -on the right, leading to the cupola, and the stranger by paying two -pence may gratify his curiosity with a prospect from the iron gallery at -the foot of the lanthorn, which in a clear day affords a fine view of -the river, of this whole metropolis and all the adjacent country, -interspersed with pleasant villages. - -The ascent to this gallery is by 534 steps, 260 of which are so easy -that a child may without difficulty ascend them; but those above are -unpleasant, and in some places very dark; but the little light that is -afforded is sufficient to shew amazing proofs of the wonderful -contrivances of the architect. But as the first gallery, surrounded by a -stone balustrade, affords a very fine prospect, many are satisfied, and -unwilling to undergo the fatigue of mounting higher. - -On the stranger’s descent he is invited to see the whispering gallery, -which will likewise cost two pence; he here beholds to advantage the -beautiful pavement of the church, and from hence he has the most -advantageous view of the fine paintings in the cupola. Here sounds are -magnified to an astonishing degree; the least whisper is heard round the -whole circumference; the voice of one person softly speaking against the -wall on the other side, seems as if he stood at our ear on this, though -the distance between them is no less than an hundred and forty feet: and -the shutting of the door resounds through the place like thunder, or as -if the whole fabric was falling asunder. To this gallery there is an -easy ascent for persons of distinction, by a most beautiful flight of -stairs. - -The stranger is next invited to see the library, the books of which are -neither numerous nor valuable; but the floor is artfully inlaid without -either nails or pegs, and the wainscoting and book cases are not -inelegant. - -The next curiosity is the fine model Sir Christopher first caused to be -made for building the new cathedral. It was not taken from St. Peter’s -at Rome, as is pretended; but was Sir Christopher’s own invention, and -the model on which he set the highest value; and it is a great pity, -that what was performed as the utmost exertion of the abilities of this -great architect, should be suffered to run to decay. - -He is next shewn the great bell in the south tower, which weighs 84 c. -weight. On this bell the hammer of the great clock strikes the hour, and -on a smaller bell are struck the quarters. - -The last thing shewn, are what are vulgarly called the geometry stairs, -which are so artfully contrived as to hang together without visible -support; but this kind of stairs, however curious in themselves, are -neither new nor uncommon. _Parentalia. Historical account of the -curiosities of London_, &c. - -The cathedral church of St. Paul’s is deservedly esteemed the second in -Europe, not for magnitude only but for beauty and grandeur. St. Peter’s -at Rome is undoubtedly the first, but at the same time it is generally -acknowledged by all travellers of taste, that the outside, and -particularly the front of St. Paul’s, is much superior to St. Peter’s. -The two towers at the west end, though faulty in some respects, are yet -elegant, and the portico finely marks the principal entrance. The -loggia, crowned with a pediment, with its alto relievo and statues, make -in the whole a fine shape, whereas St. Peter’s is a straight line -without any break. The dome is extremely magnificent, and by rising -higher than that at Rome, is seen to more advantage on a near approach. -The inside, though noble, falls short of St. Peter’s. The discontinuing -the architrave of the great entablature over the arches in the middle of -the isle, is a fault the architects can never forgive. Notwithstanding, -without a critical examination, it appears very striking, especially on -entering the north or south door. The side isles though small are very -elegant, and if it does not equal St. Peter’s, there is much to be said -in defence both of it and the architect, who was not permitted to -decorate it as he intended, through a want of taste in the managers, who -seemed to have forgot that it was intended a national ornament. St. -Peter’s has all the advantages of painting and sculpture of the greatest -masters, and is encrusted with a variety of the finest marbles, no cost -being spared to make it exceed every thing of its kind. The great -geometrical knowledge of the architect can never be sufficiently -admired, but this can be come at only by a thorough inspection of the -several parts. - -For the farther satisfaction of the curious reader, we shall conclude -this article with an account of the dimensions of St. Paul’s cathedral -compared with those of St. Peter’s at Rome, from an account published -some years ago: the measures of the latter being taken from the -authentic dimensions of the best architects of Rome, reduced to English -measure. - - │ FEET.│ FEET. - - The PLAN, or Length and Breadth. │ St.│ St. - │ Peter.│ Paul. - - ──────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────── - The whole length of the church and porch │ 729│ 500 - The breadth within the doors of the porticos │ 510│ 250 - The breadth of the front with the turrets │ 364│ 180 - The breadth of the front without the turrets │ 318│ 110 - The breadth of the church and three naves │ 255│ 130 - The breadth of the church and widest chapels │ 364│ 180 - The length of the porch within │ 218│ 50 - The breadth of the porch within │ 40│ 20 - The length of the platea at the upper steps │ 291│ 100 - The breadth of the nave at the door │ 67│ 40 - The breadth of the nave at the third pillar and │ 73│ 40 - tribuna │ │ - The breadth of the side isles │ 29│ 17 - The distance between the pillars of the nave │ 44│ 25 - The breadth of the same double pillars at St. │ 29│ - Peter’s │ │ - The breadth of the same single pillars at St. │ │ 10 - Paul’s │ │ - The two right sides of the great pilasters of the │ 65:7½│ 25:35 - cupola │ │ - The distance between the same pilasters │ 72│ 40 - The outward diameter of the cupola │ 189│ 145 - The inward diameter of the same │ 138│ 100 - The breadth of the square by the cupola │ 43│ - The length of the same │ 328│ - From the door within the cupola │ 313│ 190 - From the cupola to the end of the tribuna │ 167│ 170 - The breadth of each of the turrets │ 77│ 35 - The outward diameter of the lantern │ 36│ 18 - The whole space, upon which one pillar stands │ 5906│ 875 - The whole space, upon which all the pillars stand │ 23625│ 7000 - - - │ FEET.│ FEET. - - The HEIGHT. │ St.│ St. - │ Peter.│ Paul. - - ──────────────────────────────────────────────────┬────────┬──────── - From the ground without to the top of the cross │ 437½│ 340 - The turrets as they were at St. Peter’s and are at│ 289½│ 222 - St. Paul’s │ │ - To the top of the highest statues on the front │ 175│ 135 - The first pillars of the Corinthian order │ 74│ 33 - The breadth of the same │ 9│ 4 - Their basis and pedestals │ 19│ 13 - Their capital │ 10│ 5 - The architrave, frize, and cornice │ 19│ 10 - The Composite pillars at St. Paul’s and Tuscan at │ 25½│ 25 - St. Peter’s │ │ - The ornaments of the same pillars above, and below│ 14½│ 16 - The triangle of the mezzo relievo, with its │ 22½│ 18 - cornice │ │ - Wide │ 92│ 74 - The basis of the cupola to the pedestals of the │ 36½│ 38 - pillars │ │ - The pillars of the cupola │ 32│ 28 - Their basis and pedestals │ 4│ 5 - Their capitals, architrave, frize, and cornice │ 12│ 12 - From the cornice to the outward slope of the │ 25½│ 40 - cupola │ │ - The lantern from the cupola to the ball │ 63│ 50 - The ball in diameter │ 9│ 6 - The cross with its ornaments below │ 14│ 6 - The statues upon the front with their pedestals │ 25½│ 15 - The outward slope of the cupola │ 89│ 50 - Cupola and lantern from the cornice of the front │ 280│ 240 - to the top of the cross │ │ - The height of the niches in the front │ 20│ 14 - Wide │ 9│ 5 - The first windows in the front │ 20│ 13 - Wide │ 10│ 7 - - -The whole expence of erecting this edifice, on deducting the sums -expended in fruitless attempts to repair the old cathedral, amounted to -736,752_l._ 2_s._ 3_d._ - -_St._ PAUL’S _Bakehouse court_, Godliman’s street. - -_St._ PAUL’S _chain_, a lane on the south of St. Paul’s Church yard. - -_St._ PAUL’S _Church yard_, 1. The area round St. Paul’s cathedral, -surrounded on the north and west chiefly by booksellers and toy-shops, -and on the south side by the makers of chairs, screens and cabinets. 2. -Behind Covent Garden church. - -_St._ PAUL’S _College court_, St. Paul’s Church yard. - -_St._ PAUL’S _Covent Garden_, a very noble edifice built by Inigo Jones -for a chapel, but now a parish church. See COVENT GARDEN. - -PAUL’S _court_, 1. Huggen lane, Thames street. 2. Wood street, Cheapside. - -PAUL’S HEAD _court_, Fenchurch street. - -_St._ PAUL’S _School_, at the east end of St. Paul’s Church yard, was -founded by Dr. John Collet Dean of St. Paul’s in the year 1509, for a -Master, an Usher and Chaplain, and an hundred and fifty-three scholars; -for the teaching of whom the founder appointed a salary of 34_l._ 13_s._ -4_d._ for the upper Master; for the under Master 17_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ and -for the Chaplain or third Master, 8_l._ _per annum_. He appointed the -company of Mercers trustees of this school, and by the improvement of -the estate since that time, the good management of the company, and some -additional sums left to this foundation, the salaries of the Masters are -become considerable; the upper Master having 300_l._ a year, besides the -advantage of additional scholars and boarders, by which he generally -makes about 200_l._ a year more; the second Master has 250_l._ a year, -and the third 90_l._ a year. - -The original building was consumed by the fire of London, and soon after -the present structure was raised in its place. It is a very singular, -and at the same time a very handsome edifice. The central building in -which is the school, is of stone; it is much lower than the ends, and -has only one series of windows, which are large, and raised a -considerable height from the ground. The center is adorned with rustic, -and on the top is a handsome pediment, in which are the founder’s arms -placed in a shield; upon the apex stands a figure representing Learning. -Under this pediment are two windows which are square, and on each side -are two circular windows crowned with busts, and the spaces between them -are handsomely ornamented by work in relievo. Upon a level with the foot -of the pediment runs on either side a handsome balustrade, on which is -placed on each side a large bust with a radiant crown, between two -flaming vases. - -The buildings at the ends of this elegant structure are narrow, and rise -to a great height. They are of brick ornamented with stone, and have -each a small door, and are crowned at the top with a small balustrade. - -_St._ PAUL’S _Shadwell_, owes its existence to the increase of buildings. -Shadwell, though now joined to London, was anciently a hamlet belonging -to Stepney; but being greatly increased in the number of its -inhabitants, Thomas Neale, Esq; erected the present church in the year -1656 for their accommodation; and in 1669, this district was by act of -parliament constituted a distinct parish from that of Stepney, and -120_l._ _per annum_ was granted for the maintenance of the Rector in -lieu of tithes, besides a considerable glebe, oblations and church dues, -so that the living is worth about 324_l._ a year. _Maitland._ - -This church, which is but a mean edifice built with brick, is -eighty-seven feet long, and sixty-three broad; the height to the roof is -twenty-eight feet, and that of the steeple sixty. The body has a few -windows with rustic arches, and some very mean ones in the roof. At the -corners of the building are balls placed on a kind of small pedestals. -The tower is carried up without ornament, and is terminated with balls -at the corners in the same manner as the body of the church, and is -crowned with a plain low turret. - -PAUL’S _wharf_, near Bennet’s Hill.☐ - -PAUL’S _wharf stairs_, Paul’s wharf.☐ - -PAY OFFICE _of the Navy_, a plain building in Broad street near London -wall, under the direction of the Treasurer and Paymaster, who pay for -all the stores for the use of the royal navy, and the wages of the -sailors in his Majesty’s service. - -The Treasurer, who is the principal officer, has a salary of 2000_l._ -_per annum_, and the Paymaster, who is also accomptant, has 500_l._ a -year; under this last are eight clerks who attend the payment of wages; -three, who have 80_l._ a year; and five who have 40_l._ a year each: -besides two extra-clerks, who have each 50_l._ a year. There are also -five clerks for paying bills in course, and writing ledgers, viz. three -who have 80_l._ a year; and two who have only 40_l._ a year each; -besides an extra-clerk who has 50_l._ a year. - -In this office there is likewise a Cashier of the victualling, who has a -salary of 150_l._ _per annum_, and has three clerks under him, one of -70_l._ one of 50_l._ and one of 40_l._ a year. - -PEACHTREE _court_, Butcher row, without Temple Bar.‡ - -PEACHY _court_, Sheer lane, within Temple bar. - -PEACOCK _alley_, Milford lane, in the Strand.* - -PEACOCK _court_, 1. Fleet market.* 2. Giltspur street, without Newgate.* -3. Whitechapel.* - -PEACOCK _lane_, Newington butts.* - -PEACOCK _yard_, 1. Islington.* 2. Porter’s street.* 3. Whitecross street, -Cripplegate.* 4. Whitehorse alley, Cowcross, Smithfield.* - -PEAD’S _yard_, Bankside, Southwark.† - -PEAK _street_, Swallow street.† - -PEAL _alley_, Upper Shadwell.† - -PEAL _yard_, Mint street.† - -PEARL _court_, Little Pearl street, Spitalfields.* 2. White Friars.* - -PEARL _street_, 1. Grey Eagle street, Spitalfields.* 2. Silver street, -Bloomsbury.* - -PEARTREE _alley_, 1. Cinnamon street.‡ 2. Shoreditch.‡ 3. Wapping.‡ - -PEARTREE _court_, 1. Aldersgate street.‡ 2. Clerkenwell close.‡ 3. Hockley -in the Hole.‡ - -PEARTREE _street_, Brick lane, Old street.‡ - -PEASCOD _court_, St. John’s street, Smithfield. - -PEAS PORRIGE _alley_, Gravel lane.‖ - -PEAS _yard_, Nightingale lane. - -PECKHAM, a pleasant village in Surry, in the parish of Camberwell. Here is -the seat of the late Lord Trevor, built in the reign of King James II. -by Sir Thomas Bond, who being deeply engaged in the pernicious schemes -of that imprudent Prince, was obliged to leave the kingdom with him, -when the house was plundered by the populace, and became forfeited to -the crown. The front of the house stands to the north, with a spacious -garden before it, from which extends two rows of large elms, of -considerable length, through which the Tower of London terminates the -prospect. But on each side of this avenue you have a view of London; and -the masts of vessels appearing at high water over the trees and houses -up to Greenwich, greatly improve the prospect. _Peckham_, which lies on -the back side of the gardens, is shut out from the view by plantations. -The kitchen garden and the walls were planted with the choicest fruit -trees from France, and an experienced gardener was sent for from Paris -to have the management of them; so that the collection of fruit trees in -this garden has been accounted one of the best in England. - -After the death of the late Lord Trevor, this seat was purchased by a -private gentleman, who began to make very considerable improvements, and -had he lived a few years longer, would have rendered it a very -delightful retreat. - -There are also at Peckham several other villas, and neat houses of -retirement, inhabited by the tradesmen of London, and those who have -retired from business. - -PECKHAM RYE, a village in Surry, on the south side of Peckham. - -PEDLARS _street_, New Bond street. - -PEEL _court_, Glasshouse yard, Goswell street. - -PEEL _yard_, near Peel court, Glasshouse yard. - -PEERLESS POOL, near Old street road, was formerly a spring that -overflowing its banks, caused a very dangerous pond, which from the -number of persons who lost their lives there, obtained the name of -Perilous Pool. To prevent these accidents it was in a manner filled up, -till in the year 1743, Mr. Kemp converted it into what may perhaps be -esteemed one of the compleatest swimming baths in the world; and as it -is the only one of the kind in Christendom, it may deserve a particular -notice. - -You enter from a bowling-green on the south side, by a neat arcade -thirty-feet long, furnished with a small collection of modern books for -the entertainment of those subscribers who delight in reading. -Contiguous are many dressing apartments; some of which are open, and -others rendered private, all paved with purbeck stone; and on each side -of the bath is a bower divided into apartments for dressing. At the -other end is placed a circular bench, capable of accommodating forty -gentlemen at a sitting, under the shelter of a wall. One side is -inclosed by a mount 150 feet long, planted with a great variety of -shrubs, and on the top is an agreeable terrace walk planted with limes. -The pleasure bath is 170 feet long, and above 100 broad; it is five feet -deep at the bottom in the middle, and under four feet at the sides, and -the descent into it is by four pair of marble steps to a fine gravel -bottom. Here is also a cold bath, generally allowed to be the largest in -England, it being forty feet long, and twenty feet broad, with two -flights of marble steps, and a dressing room at each end; at four feet -deep is a bottom of lettice work, under which the water is five feet -deep. To these the ingenious projector has added a well stocked fish -pond 320 feet long, for the diversion of those subscribers who are fond -of angling, and adorned on each side with arbours, and with a terrace, -the slopes of which are planted with many thousand shrubs, and the walks -one of gravel, and the other of grass, are bordered with stately limes. -The east end the garden extends to a genteel public house, and the -westward is terminated by another garden, and a well-built private house -inhabited by Mr. Kemp, the son of the ingenious projector, who after -having made these improvements, changed the name from _Perilous_ to -_Peerless Pool_. - -PEGHT’S _yard_, Castle lane.† - -PELHAM _street_, Brick lane, Spitalfields.† - -PELICAN _court_, Little Britain.* - -PELICAN _stairs_, Wapping.* - -PELICAN _yard_, Butcher row, East Smithfield.* - -PEMBERTON’S _rents_, 1. Hand alley.† 2. New street.† - -PEMBERTON _row_, Fetter lane.† - -PEMELL’S _Almshouse_, at Mile-end, was founded by Mr. John Pemell, citizen -and draper, in the year 1698, for four poor drapers widows, and the same -number of seamen’s widows, to be presented by the Churchwardens of Old -Stepney parish. Each of these almswomen have an allowance of 1_s._ 8_d._ -per week, half a chaldron of coals every year, and a gown every other -year. _Maitland._ - -PEMLICO, near Buckingham House, St. James’s Park. - -PENNINGTON _street_, Old Gravel lane.† - -PENNYBARBER’S _alley_, Stony lane.‖ - -PENNYFIELD _street_, Poplar. - -PENNY POST OFFICE, an office unknown in other countries, was projected by -Mr. David Murray, an upholder in Pater noster row in the year 1683, who -by this admirable and useful project, deserves to be considered as a -benefactor to the city, and to have his name transmitted down to -posterity. He communicated the scheme to Mr. William Dockwra, who -carried it on for some time with great success, till the government laid -claim to it as a royal prerogative; Dockwra was obliged to submit, and -in return had a pension of 200_l._ _per annum_ allowed him by the King -during life. - -It was erected for carrying letters not only of one sheet but of -several, to any part of this great metropolis, or the adjacent villages, -on paying only one penny on delivering the letter to be thus carried: -but at some of the more distant villages, an additional penny is -demanded of the person to whom the letter is delivered. - -This office is under the direction of the Postmaster-general; who -appoints, as managers, a Comptroller, an Accomptant, a Receiver and -Comptroller’s clerk; who have under their management six sorters, and -eight subsorters of letters, seventy-four messengers, or -letter-carriers, and 334 houses within the bills of mortality, for -receiving or taking in letters, which are divided among the six offices -following; the general office in St. Christopher’s Church yard, and the -five offices called the sorting houses, one at Westminster, one at -Lincoln’s Inn, St. Paul’s office, in Pater noster row, St. Mary Overy’s -in Southwark, and the Tower hill office: besides these there are 500 -shops and coffee-houses, from whence the messengers collect and carry -the letters to their proper offices every hour, where being sorted, they -are sent out again to be delivered. But as each of the six offices has a -number of villages under its peculiar direction, those letters that -require great speed should be sent to that office, whose peculiar -province it is to forward them to the village to which you would have -them sent. This renders it necessary to give a list of these villages -and places, peculiarly under the care of each office: but we shall not -attempt to follow the other writers, who have prefixed to the names of -these villages the number of times to which letters are carried to, and -returned from each; because that is entirely uncertain, and it is -sufficient that letters are carried and returned from each at least once -a day; since this is all that can be depended upon. - -In the map we have given of the environs round London, the extent and -limits of the Penny Post are shewn by a circular coloured line drawn -round the city. - -The chief office in St. Christopher’s alley, Threadneedle street, to -which belong, one sorter, two subsorters, twenty messengers, and -seventy-three receiving houses. This office collects, receives, conveys, -and delivers letters to and from the following places, besides what it -delivers in its own proper district in London. - - Aldersbrook - Avery-hatch - Barking - Bednal green - Bishops-hall - Bow - Bromley in Middlesex - Bush-hall - Cambridge heath - Chigwel - Chigwel row - Dalston - Edmonton - Green-man - Green-street - Hackney - Hagerstone - Ham East and West - Hoxton - Jenkins - Ilford - Kingsland - Layton-stone - Loughton-hall - Low-layton - Locksford - Mile-end - Newington green - Newington stoke - Oldford - Palmer’s green - Plaistow in Essex - Rippleside - Ruckfolds - Southgate - Stepney - Stratford - Tottenham - Tottenham High cross - Valentines - Upton - Walthamstow - Wansted - Winchmore hill - Woodford - Woodford row, and bridge - -St. Paul’s office is kept in Queen’s head alley, in Pater noster row, -which collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters to and from the -following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its -proper district in London. - - Black-mary’s hole - Boarded river - Cambray house - Cold bath - Copenhagen - Frog lane - Holloway, Upper and Lower - Islington - Mountmill - Sir John Oldcastle’s - Torrington lane - Wood’s close - -The Temple office is kept in Chichester’s rents in Chancery lane, which -collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and parcels to and from -the following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its -own proper district in town. - - Battle bridge - Bone gate - Brill - Cole harbour - Coney hatch - East Barnet - Finchley - Frog lane - Hampstead - Highgate - Hornsey - Kentish town - Mussel hill - Pancras - Pinder of Wakefield - South green - Totteridge - Whetstone - Wood green - -Westminster office is kept in Pump court near Charing cross, which -collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and parcels to and from -the following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its -own proper district in town. - - Abery farm - Acton, East and West - Acton wells - Barry’s walk - Base watering - Black lands - Bloody bridge - Bluncoat lane - Bollow lane - Boston house - Brentford Old & New - Brentford end - Brent’s cow house - Bride lane house - Brook green - Broom houses - Brompton park - Burrows - Castle-bear - Chelsea, Great and Little - Chelsea college - —— common - —— fields - Child’s hill - Chiswick - Corney house - Counters bridge - Cow house farm - Crab tree house - Dowel street - Daws lane - Dollars hill - Ealing, Great & Little - Ealing lane - Earl’s court - Foordhook - Frog lane - Fryars place - Fulham - Fulham fields - Gaggle goose green - Great and Little Holland house - Gibb’s green - Grain house - Green man, in Uxbridge road - Gunnersbury - Gutters hedge - Hammersmith - Hanger end - Hanger lane - Haven - Hendon - Hide - Hog lane - Holsdon green - Hoywood hill - Hudicon fields - Kensington - Kensington gravel pits - Kilborn - Knightsbridge - Laurence street - Leasing green - Lime kilns - London stile - Lord Mayor’s Banqueting house - Maddox lane - Mary bone, and Park - Masha Mapes, and Masha Brands - Mill hill - Neathouses - Neesdon - Noman’s lands - North end - North highway - Notting hills - Paddington - Paddington green - Paddingwick green - Page’s street - Parson’s green - Pimlico - Purser’s cross - Sandy end - Shepherd’s bush - Shevrick green - Shoot-up hill - Sion hill - Sion house - Sion lane - St. John’s wood - Stanford brook - Starch green - Strand on the green - Sutton court, and Little Sutton - Tottenham court - Turnham green - Tyburn road, and house - Waltham green - Wemley - Wemley green - Westburn green - Westfield - West end - Wilsdon green - Windmill lane - -Southwark office is kept in Green dragon court, near St. Mary Overy’s -church, which collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and -parcels to and from the following and adjacent places, besides what it -delivers within its own proper district in Southwark and London. - - Balam - Barn-elms - Barnstown - Battersea - Battersea reys - Blackheath - Bristow causeway - Brockly, Upper and Lower - Burntash - Camberwell - Charlton - Clapham, and Common - Coleharbour - Deptford, Upper and Lower - Dulwich, and common - East and West Sheen - Eltham - Gammon hill - Garret’s green - Greenwich - Grove street - Ireland green - Kennington - Kew - Kew green - Knights hill - Lambeth - Lambeth marsh - Lee - Lewisham - Limekilns - Longbarn - Longhedge - Loughberry house - Martin abbey and mills - March gate - Mitcham - Mortlack - Morder - Mottingham - New cross - Newington butts - Nine elms - Norwood - Peckham town, and Rye - Pigs march - Plumstead - Putney green - Putney heath - Red-house - Rickle-marsh - Roehampton - Rotherhithe - Sidnam - South Lambeth - Stockwell - Stretham - Tooting, Upper and Lower - Vauxhall - Walworth - Wandsworth, and Common - Wimbleton - Woolwich - -Hermitage office is kept in Queen street on Little Tower hill, which -collects, receives, conveys and delivers letters and parcels to and from -the following and adjacent places, besides what it delivers within its -own proper district in town. - - Blackwall - Isle of Dogs - King David’s fort - Lime hole - Limehouse - Poplar - Ratcliff - Stepney causeway - -Several of the country messengers, and others for remote places, going -on their walks by six o’clock in the morning, letters and parcels ought -to be put in at the receiving houses before six o’clock over-night; -otherwise a whole day may be lost in the delivery: but letters for -places that are nearer, are generally collected and delivered two or -three times a day. - -All general post letters, both foreign and domestic, directed to the -places above mentioned, not being post towns, are conveyed from the -aforesaid offices every day at twelve o’clock; and answers being put -into the receiving houses in the country towns, will next night be -safely carried to the General Post office, by the officers appointed for -that purpose. - -PENSIONERS _alley_, King street, Westminster. - -PEPPER _alley_, 1. by the Bridge Foot, in the Borough. 2. Down’s street, -Hyde Park road. 3. Goswell street. - -PEPPER _alley stairs_, the next stairs above the bridge, in Southwark. - -PEPPER _street_, Duke street, in the Mint. - -PERKIN’S _rents_, Peter street, Soho.† - -PERKIN’S _yard_, Blackman street.† - -PERRIWINKLE _street_, Ratcliff cross. - -PERSTON’S _yard_, in the Minories.† - -PESTHOUSE _fields_, by Pesthouse row, Old street. - -PESTHOUSE _row_, adjoining to the French hospital in Old street. Here -stood, till the year 1737, the city Pesthouse, which consisted of -several tenements, and was erected as a Lazaretto for the reception of -distressed and miserable objects, infected by the dreadful plague in the -year 1665. _Maitland._ - -PETER AND KEYS _court_, Peter lane, Cow cross, Smithfield.* - -PETERBOROUGH _court_, Fleet street. - -_St._ PETER AD VINCULA, situated to the north west corner of -Northumberland walk, at the end of the new armoury, in the Tower; was -founded by King Edward III. and dedicated by the name of _St. Peter in -Chains_, or St. Peter ad Vincula. This is a plain Gothic building void -of all ornament, sixty-six feet in length, fifty-four in breadth, and -twenty-four feet high from the floor to the roof. The walls, which have -Gothic windows, are strengthened at the corners with rustic, and crowned -with a plain blocking course. The tower is plain, and is crowned with a -turret. - -The living is a rectory in the gift of the King, valued at about 60_l._ -a year. The Rector, as Minister of the Tower garrison, is paid by his -Majesty; and the living is exempt from archiepiscopal jurisdiction. - -Among the several monuments in this church is a grave stone, under which -lies buried Mr. James Whittaker, his wife and children; and upon that -stone are the following lines. - - See how the just, the virtuous, and the strong, - The beautiful, the innocent, the young, - Here in promiscuous dust, together lie. - Reflect on this, depart, and learn to die. - -In this church lie the ashes of many noble, and some royal personages, -executed either in the Tower, or on the hill, and deposited here in -obscurity; particularly, - -George Bullen, Lord Rochford, who was beheaded on Tower hill on the 17th -of May, 1536. - -Anne Bullen, wife to King Henry VIII. beheaded two days after, on a -scaffold erected on the green, within the Tower. - -Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, who from a blacksmith’s son at Putney, -became the favourite of Henry VIII. and one of the most zealous -promoters of the reformation from popery; but was beheaded on Tower hill -in the year 1540. - -Catharine Howard, the fifth wife of King Henry VIII. beheaded on Tower -hill on the 13th of February, 1541. - -Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, beheaded on Tower hill, on the 24th of -June, 1552. - -John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, who lost his head at the same -place, on the 22d of Aug. 1553. - -Under the communion table, lies the body of James Duke of Monmouth, the -natural son of King Charles II. beheaded for asserting his right to the -crown, in opposition to James II. on the 15th of July, 1683. - -_St._ PETER’S _alley_, by St. Peter’s church, Cornhill. - -_St._ PETER’S _Cheap_, a church, which stood at the corner of Wood street -Cheapside, in Faringdon ward within, but being destroyed by the fire of -London in 1666, the parish was united to St. Matthew, Friday street. - -_St._ PETER’S _Cornhill_, a plain neat church, near the south east corner -of Cornhill, in the ward of that name. There has been many ages a church -in the same place, under the patronage of the same apostle: but the last -edifice was destroyed by the fire of London, and this substantial -structure rose in its place. The body is eighty feet long, and -forty-seven broad; it is forty feet high to the roof, and the height of -the steeple is an hundred and forty feet. The body is plain, and -enlightened by a single series of windows. The tower, which is also -plain, has a small window in each stage, and the dome which supports the -spire is of the lantern kind; this spire, which is well proportioned, is -crowned by a ball, whence rises the fane, in the form of a key. - -The patronage of this rectory is in the Lord Mayor and Commonalty of -this city. The Rector receives, besides other profits, 120_l._ a year by -glebe, and 110_l._ a year in lieu of tithes. - -_St._ PETER LE POOR, on the west side of Broad street, in the ward of that -name, is supposed by Maitland, to have received its additional epithet -_le Poor_, from the mean condition of the parish in ancient times: tho’ -it is now extremely wealthy, it being inhabited by a great number of -merchants, and other persons of distinction. - -Others imagine that it was called le Poor, from the neighbouring friary -of St. Austin, where reigned an affected poverty. A church stood upon -the same spot before the year 1181, and the present edifice which -escaped the fire in 1666, is supposed to have been built about the year -1540. - -This Gothic structure, instead of being an ornament to the street in -which it is placed, as all public buildings ought to be, is a very great -deformity; the building itself is mean, one of its corners being thrust -as it were into the street, renders it narrow, obstructs the passage, -and destroys the vista. This structure is of very considerable breadth -in proportion to its length; it being fifty-four feet long, and -fifty-one broad: the height to the roof is twenty-three feet, and that -of the tower and turret seventy-five. The body is plain and -unornamented; the windows are very large; and the dial is fixed to a -beam that is joined on one end to a kind of turret, and extends like a -country sign post, across the street; a very rude and aukward -contrivance. The tower, which rises square, without diminution, is -strengthened at the corners with rustic; upon this is placed a turret, -which consists of strong piers at the corners arched over, and covered -with an open dome, whence rises a ball and fane. - -The advowson of this church appears to have been all along in the Dean -and Chapter of St. Paul’s. The tithes at present amount to 130_l._ a -year; and the other profits by annual donations settled upon the Rector, -amount to about as much more. - -PETER’S _court_, 1. Ironmonger row. 2. St. Martin’s lane, Charing cross. -3. Peter lane. 4. Rosemary lane. - -PETER’S _hill_, 1. Knightrider street. 2. Saffron hill. - -_St._ PETER’S _hill_, Thames street, so called from the following church. - -PETER’S KEY _alley_, Cow cross, Smithfield. - -PETER’S _lane_, St. John street, Smithfield. - -_St._ PETER’S _Paul’s wharf_, stood at the south east corner of St. -Peter’s hill, in Thames street, in Queenhithe ward, and was anciently -denominated St. _Peter’s Parva_, or _the Little_, from its small -dimensions. This church being destroyed with most of the others, by the -fire of London, and not rebuilt, its parish is annexed to the church of -St. Bennet Paul’s wharf. - -PETER’S _street_, 1. Bandy leg walk, Deadman’s place. 2. Bloomsbury. 3. -Halfmoon alley, Bishopsgate street. 4. In the Mint. 5. Stratton’s -ground, Westminster. 6. Turnmill street, Cow cross. 7. Vere street, -Claremarket. 8. Soho. 9. Westminster. - -_St._ PETER’S _Westminster_. See the article ABBEY _Church of -Westminster_. - -_St._ PETER’S _yard_, 1. Deadman’s place, Southwark. 2. In the Minories. - -PETERSHAM, a small village in Surry, near the New Park, and a little to -the south of Richmond hill. Here stood a delightful seat built by the -late Earl of Rochester, Lord High Treasurer in the reign of King James -II. This fine house was burnt down in the year 1720, so suddenly that -the family, who were all at home, had scarcely time to save their lives. -Nor was the house, tho’ exquisitely finished both within and without, -the greatest loss sustained; the noble furniture, the curious collection -of paintings, and the inestimable library of the first Earl of -Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, and author of the History of -the Rebellion, were wholly consumed; and among other valuable pieces, -several manuscripts relating to those times, and to the transactions in -which the King his Master, and himself were engaged both at home and -abroad; besides other curious collections made by that noble Author in -foreign countries. - -On the ground where his house stood, the Earl of Harrington erected -another, after one of the Earl of Burlington’s designs. The front next -the court is very plain, and the entrance to the house not very -extraordinary: but the south front next the garden, is bold and regular, -and the apartments on that side, chiefly designed for state, are -extremely elegant. - -The gardens were before crowded with plantations near the house; but -they are now laid open in lawns of grass: the kitchen garden, before -situated on the east side of the house, is removed out of sight, and the -ground converted to an open slope of grass, leading up to a terrace of -great length; from which is a prospect of the river Thames, the town of -Twickenham, and of all the fine seats round that part of the country. On -the other side of the terrace, is a plantation on a rising ground; and -on the summit of the hill is a fine pleasure house, which on every side -commands a prospect of the country for many miles. - -PETTICOAT _lane_, extends from Whitechapel into Spitalfields. On both -sides of this lane were anciently hedges, and rows of elm trees, and the -pleasantness of the neighbouring fields induced several gentlemen to -build their houses here, among whom was the Spanish ambassador, whom -Strype supposes to be Gondomar: but at length many French refugees -settling in that part of the lane near Spitalfields in order to follow -their trades, which in general was weaving of silk, it soon became a row -of contiguous buildings. This lane is very long and very disagreeable, -both on account of its nastiness and offensive smells, it being the -chief residence of the horners, who prepare horns for other petty -manufacturers. - -PETTICOAT _square_, Petticoat lane. - -PETTY BAG OFFICE, next the Rolls chapel, Chancery lane. The clerks in this -office, who are three in number, are under the Master of the Rolls, and -make all patents for customers, comptrollers, and _congé d’elires_: they -also summon the Nobility, Clergy, Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses to -parliament, &c. This office takes its name from each record being there -put into a little bag. - -PETTY CANONS _of St. Paul’s_. See the article Canons. - -PETTY CANONS _alley_, St. Paul’s Church yard. - -PETTY FRANCE, Tothill street, Westminster; thus named from its being at -first inhabited by the people of that nation. - -PETTY FRANCE _alley_, Old Bethlem; so called from Petty France there, now -called New Broad street, which was originally inhabited chiefly by the -French. - -PETTY WALES _yard_, Halfmoon alley. - -PETTY’S _court_, Hanoway street, Tottenham court road.† - -PEWTERERS, a company incorporated by letters patent, granted by King -Edward IV. in 1474. - -In the year 1534, the Wardens of the Pewterers company, or their -deputies, were impowered by act of parliament to have the inspection of -pewter in all parts of the kingdom, in order to prevent the sale of the -base pewter, and the importation of pewter vessels from abroad. As a -farther encouragement, all Englishmen are by that act strictly enjoined, -not to repair to any foreign country to teach the art or mystery of -pewterers, on pain of disfranchisement: and for the more effectually -preventing the art being carried abroad, no Pewterer is to take the son -of an alien as an apprentice. - -This corporation has a Master, two Wardens, twenty-eight Assistants, and -seventy-eight Liverymen, who on their admission pay 20_l._ - -Their hall is in Lime street, almost facing the west end of Cullum -street. - -PEWTER PLATTER _alley_, Grace church street.* - -PHEASANT _court_, Cow lane, Snow hill.* - -PHEASANT COCK _court_, Angel alley, Houndsditch.* - -PHENIX _alley_, Long Acre.* - -PHENIX _court_, 1. Butcher row.* 2. High Holborn.* 3. Newgate street.* 4. -Old Change, Cheapside.* - -PHENIX _street_, 1. Dyot street, St. Giles’s.* 2. Hog lane, St. Giles’s.* -3. Monmouth street, Spitalfields.* - -PHENIX _yard_, Oxford street.* - -PHILIP _lane_, London wall.* - -PHILIP’S _court_, Grub street.† - -PHILIP’S _rents_, 1. Lincoln’s Inn Fields.† 2. Maze pond street, -Southwark.† - -PHILIP’S _yard_, Still alley, Houndsditch.† - -PHILPOT _lane_, Fenchurch street.† - -PHIPS’S _alley_, Shoreditch.† - -PHYSICIANS. There was no legal restraint on the practice of physic, till -the third year of King Henry VIII. when it was enacted that none should -practise physic or surgery within the city of London, of seven miles -round, unless he were first examined, and approved by the Bishop of -London, or the Dean of St. Paul’s, (who should call to his assistance -four Doctors of physic, and for surgery, other expert persons in that -faculty) upon pain of forfeiting 5_l._ for every month such persons -should practise physic or surgery, without being thus admitted. - -Seven years after this law, the Physicians were incorporated into a -college or society; allowed a common seal, and the power of annually -chusing a President, to govern all of that faculty: they were permitted -to purchase lands and tenements, and to make statutes and ordinances for -the government and correction of the college, and of all persons -practising physic within seven miles of the city: it was also enacted -that none, either within the city, or that compass, should practise, -unless first allowed by the President and the Fellows, upon pain of -forfeiting 5_l._ for every month: that four persons be chosen annually -for the examination and government of all the Physicians of the city, -and suburbs within seven miles round, and to punish them for their -offences in not performing, making, and neglecting their medicines and -receipts, by fines and imprisonments: and that neither the President, -nor any of the members of the college, should be summoned upon juries, -&c. - -At their first institution there were but thirty Fellows belonging to -the college; but at their request, King Charles II. augmented their -number to forty; and King James II. considering the great increase of -this city in its buildings and inhabitants, was pleased to increase the -number to eighty, which they were not to exceed. Before this last -charter, none could be admitted a Fellow of the college, if he had not -taken his degree of Doctor in one of the universities; but now all who -have taken their degree in any foreign university, are qualified to -become Fellows. - -The college has still great power in obstructing the practise of those -who are not of their body; yet by connivance or favour, others practise -physic; tho’ by law, if any one not so qualified, undertakes a cure, and -his patient dies under his hand, he is deemed guilty of felony. - -To this college belong a President, four Censors, and twelve Electors. -The President is the principal member, and is annually chosen out of the -society. - -The four Censors have, by charter, authority to survey, correct and -govern all Physicians, or others, that shall practise within their -jurisdiction, and to fine and imprison for offences as they shall see -cause. They may convene any Physician or practitioner before them, and -examine him concerning his skill in physic, and if he does not appear to -their summons, or upon his appearance refuses to answer, he may be fined -for every default, any sum not exceeding forty shillings; or if any -administer unwholsome and noxious medicines, he may be fined according -to discretion, net exceeding 10_l._ or imprisoned, not exceeding -fourteen days, unless for nonpayment of the fine, when it shall be -lawful to detain him in prison until it be paid. - -_College of_ PHYSICIANS. This society had their first college in -Knightrider street, which was the gift of Dr. Linacre, Physician to King -Henry VIII. from whence they afterwards removed to Amen Corner, where -they had purchased an house. Here the great Dr. Harvey, who immortalized -his name by discovering the circulation of the blood, built them a -library and public hall in the year 1652, which he granted for ever to -the college, with his library, and endowed it with his estate, which he -resigned to them while living, assigning a part of it for an anniversary -oration, in commemoration of their benefactors, and to promote a spirit -of emulation in succeeding generations. However, this edifice being -consumed by the fire of London, and the ground being only upon lease, -the Fellows erected the present structure. - - -[Illustration: - - _College of Physicians._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Taylor sc._ -] - - -The College of Physicians is a very noble edifice, situated near the -north west corner of Warwick lane. It is built with brick and stone. - -The entrance, which is grand, is under an octangular theatre, finishing -in a dome, with a cone on the top, making a lantern to it. The inside is -elegant, finely enlightened and very capacious. This was built by Sir -Christopher Wren. The arches represented in the print are under the -theatre thro’ which you enter the area. The central building, which is -well worthy of observation, is the design of Inigo Jones, and contains -the library and other rooms of state and convenience. The ascent to the -door is by a flight of steps, and in the under part is a basement story. -The whole front is decorated with pilasters of the Ionic and Corinthian -orders; and on one side over the door case, is the statue of King -Charles II. placed in a niche, and in the other side that of Sir John -Cutler. The buildings at the two sides of the court are uniform, and -have the window cases handsomely ornamented. The orders are well -executed, and the whole edifice both beautiful and commodious. - -The College of Physicians is a building of great delicacy, and eminently -deserves to be considered among the noblest ornaments of this city, is -yet so unlucky in its situation, in a narrow and dirty part of the lane, -that it can never be seen to advantage. - -There is here a hall, in which the Physicians sit to give advice to the -poor gratis; a committee room; a library, furnished with books by Sir -Theodore Mayerne and the Marquis of Dorchester, who was one of the -Fellows; a great hall for the quarterly meetings of the Doctors, adorned -with pictures and sculpture; a theatre for anatomical dissection; a -preparing room, where there are thirteen tables, containing all the -muscles in the human body; and over all garrets to dry the herbs for the -use of the dispensatory. - -PICCADILLY, Haymarket. There were formerly no houses in this street, and -only one shop for Spanish ruffs, which was called the Piccadilly or Ruff -shop. At present there are several noble houses in it. See DEVONSHIRE -HOUSE, BURLINGTON HOUSE. The last house built in Piccadilly is the Earl -of Egremont’s. It is of stone, and tho’ not much adorned, is elegant and -well situated for a town house, having a fine view over the Green Park, -which would be still more extended if the houses on each side were set -farther back. - -PICKAX _street_, Aldersgate street. - -PICKERING’S _court_, St. James’s street.† - -PICKLEHERRING _stairs_, Pickleherring street, Southwark. - -PICKLEHERRING _street_, near Horselydown, Southwark. - -PICTURE _yard_, Back lane, near Rag Fair. - -PIE-CORNER, Giltspur street, Smithfield. - -PIEPOWDER _court_, a court of record incident to a fair, as a court baron -is to a manor; it is derived from the French _pié poudre_, and is said -to be so called from its expeditious proceedings in the decision of all -controversies that happen in fairs; since for the encouragement of all -traders, justice is supposed to be as quickly administered as _dust_ can -fall from the feet. _Coke’s Institutes._ - -During the time of Bartholomew fair, this court is held in Cloth fair by -the city of London and Mr. Edwards, for hearing and determining all -differences committed against the tenor of the proclamation made by the -Lord Mayor, on the eve of old St. Bartholomew, for the better regulation -of that fair. - -PIERPOINT’S _rents_, Islington.† - -PIERPOINT’S _row_, Islington.† - -PIG _court_, St. Catharine’s lane.* - -PIG _street_, extends from Threadneedle street to Broad street. - -PILLORY _lane_, 1. Butcher row. 2. Fenchurch street. - -PIN _alley_, near Rosemary lane. - -PINDER’S _alley_, Shoreditch.† - -PINDER’S _court_, Gray’s Inn lane.† - -PINEAPPLE _court_, Woolpack alley, Houndsditch.* - -PINNERS, or PINMAKERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by -King Charles I. in the year 1636. - -They consist of a Master, two Wardens, and eighteen Assistants; but have -no livery. - -Their hall is situated near the southeast corner of Great Winchester -street, Broad street: and is most noted for being let out for a meeting -of Independents, who meet there every Sunday morning. This is the only -Independent meeting in London, where the audience are not Calvinists. In -the afternoon it is a meeting for a congregation of general Baptists. - -PINNER’S _alley_, Shoreditch. - -PINNERS _court_, Broad street, leading to Pinners hall. - -PIPE _alley_, Broad way, Westminster. - -PIPEMAKERS _alley_, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. 2. Whitecross street, -Cripplegate. - -PIPE OFFICE, in Gray’s Inn lane, an office of the Treasury, in which all -accounts and debts due to the King are drawn out of the Remembrancer’s -office, and charged in a great roll made up like a pipe. - -The chief officers are, the Clerk of the Pipe, and the Comptroller of -the Pipe. The former makes leases of the King’s lands, on his being -warranted so to do by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, or the -Chancellor of the Exchequer: and these leases are sometimes directed to -be made under the Great Seal, but for the most part pass the Exchequer: -he has under him a Deputy, and eight Attornies, the two first of whom -are Secondaries. - -All accounts that pass the Remembrancer’s office, are brought to the -office of the Clerk of the Pipe, and remain there, to the end if there -be any determined debt due by any accomptant or other person, in any -such account, it may be inserted in the great roll or the pipes thereof, -and taken verbatim by the Comptroller of the Pipe into his roll, and -process may be made by him for the recovery thereof by a writ called the -_Summons of the Pipe_, which is in the nature of a _levari facias_. - -All tallies that vouch the payments contained in such accounts, are -examined and allowed by the Chief Secondary in the Pipe, and remain for -ever after in this office. - -The Comptroller of the Pipe writes in his roll all that is in the great -roll; and nothing entered in the great roll can be discharged without -his privity. He also writes out the summons twice every year to the -sheriffs, to levy the debts charged in the great roll of the pipe. -_Chamberlain’s Present State_. He has under him a Deputy Comptroller, -and a Clerk. - -PIPE _yard_, Bristol street, Puddle dock. - -PIPER’S _ground_, College street. - -PISSING _alley_, St. John’s street, Smithfield.‖ - -PITCHER’S _court_, White’s alley, Coleman street.† - -PITFIELD _street_, Hoxton.† - -PITMAN’S _alley_, Gardener’s lane, Westminster.† - -PLAISTERERS, a company incorporated by letters patent, granted by King -Henry VIII. in the year 1501, and confirmed by a charter granted by -Charles II. in 1667, by the name of _The Master, and Wardens of the -guild or fraternity of the blessed Mary, of Plaisterers, London_. - -This company is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and thirty-two -Assistants, and has seventy-seven Liverymen, who upon their admission -pay a fine of 8_l._ They have a neat hall on the north west side of -Addle street. - -PLAISTOW, a village in Essex, in the parish of West Ham. - -PLAISTOW, a village near Bromley in Kent. - -PLANTATION OFFICE in the treasury. See the article TRADE and PLANTATION -OFFICE. - -PLAYHOUSE _passage_, 1. Bow street; leading to Covent Garden playhouse. 2. -Drury lane, leading to the playhouse there. - -PLAYHOUSE _yard_, 1. Black Friars, where a playhouse was formerly -situated. 2. Whitecross street, Old street, where, according to -Maitland, the first playhouse in London was erected; on the east side of -that yard are still to be seen the ruins of the theatre. - -_Clerk of the_ PLEAS OFFICE, in Lincoln’s Inn. In this office all the -officers of the Exchequer, and other privileged persons, as debtors to -the King, &c. are to have their privilege to plead, and be impleaded as -to all matters at the common law: and the proceedings are accordingly by -declarations, pleas, and trials as at the common law; because they -should not be drawn out of their own court, where their attendance is -required. In this office are four sworn Attornies. _Chamberlain’s -Present State._ - -_Common_ PLEAS. See _Court of_ COMMON PLEAS. - -PLOUGH _alley_, 1. Bankside, Southwark.* 2. Barbican.* 3. Carey street, -Lincoln’s Inn Fields.* 4. Wapping. - -PLOUGH _court_, 1. Fetter lane. 2. Gray’s Inn lane.* 3. Lombard street.* - -PLOUGH AND HARROW _walk_, Nag’s Head Buildings, Hackney road.* - -PLOUGHMAN’S _rents_, 1. Cow cross, near Smithfield.† 2. Turnmill street.† - -PLOUGH _street_, Whitechapel.* - -PLOUGH _yard_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Brown’s gardens, St. -Giles’s.* 3. Holborn hill.* 4. Harrow yard, Green bank.* 5. Seething -lane, Tower street.* 6. Tower ditch.* - -PLOUGH YARD _School_, in Plough yard, Seething lane, was founded by James -Hickson, Esq; about the year 1689, for the education of twenty boys; for -the instruction of whom he allowed the head Master 20_l._ _per annum_, a -dwelling house, and two chaldrons of coals yearly; and to a Writing -Master 8_l._ a year. Fourteen of the children are to be of the parish of -Allhallows, Barking, and six of the hamlet of Wapping. _Maitland._ - -PLUMBERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King James -I. in the year 1611. This corporation is governed by a Master, two -Wardens, and twenty-four Assistants; with a livery of fifty-seven -members, who upon their admission pay a fine of 10_l._ They have a small -hall in Chequer yard, Dowgate hill. _Maitland._ - -PLUMBER’S _court_, High Holborn.† - -PLUMTREE _court_, Plumtree street, Shoe lane.† - -PLUMTREE _square_, Plumtree street, St. Giles’s. - -PLUMTREE _street_, 1. St. Giles’s. 2. Shoe lane.† - -POLAND _court_, Poland street. - -POLAND _street_, Oxford street. - -POLAND _yard_, Oxford street. - -POLLIN’S _street_, Hanover street. - -_The_ POND _yard_, Bankside, Southwark. - -POOR JEWRY _lane_, Aldgate; so called from its being inhabited by the -Jews, on their return to England, after being expelled the kingdom by -Edward I. See OLD JEWRY. - -POPE’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Broad street.* 2. A neat passage from Cornhill -into Lombard street, next to ‘Change alley.* - -POPE’S HEAD _court_, in the Minories.* - -POPISH CHAPELS, of these there are but few in the city of London; for as -Popery is esteemed inconsistent with the liberties of a free people, -they are therefore in a manner confined to the ambassadors, who keep -them open for those of their own religion. These are, - - 1. In Butler’s alley meeting house, Grub street. - 2. Imperial ambassador’s, Hanover square. - 3. Portuguese ambassador’s chapel. - 4. Sardinian ambassador’s chapel, by Lincoln’s Inn Fields. - 5. Venetian ambassador’s chapel, Suffolk street. - -POPLAR, a hamlet of Stepney, is situated on the Thames to the east of -Limehouse, and obtained its name from the great number of poplar trees -that anciently grew there. The chapel of Poplar was erected in the year -1654, when the ground upon which it was built, together with the church -yard, were given by the East India company, and the edifice erected by -the voluntary contributions of the inhabitants and others; since which -time that Company has not only allowed the Minister a convenient -dwelling house, with a garden and field containing about three acres, -but has allowed him 20_l._ _per annum_ during pleasure; wherefore this -chapel for want of an endowment continues unconsecrated. - -Poplar Marsh, called the Isle of Dogs, from the great noise made by the -King’s hounds that were kept there during the residence of the royal -family at Greenwich, is rather an isthmus than an island, and is -reckoned one of the richest spots of ground in England; for it not only -raises the largest cattle, but the grass it bears is esteemed a great -restorative of all distempered cattle. - -Here are two almshouses besides an hospital belonging to the East India -company. - -POPLER’S _alley_, Greenbank.† - -POPPET _court_, Shoe lane, Fleet street. - -POPPING’S _alley_, Fleet street.† - -POPPING’S _court_, Popping’s alley, Fleet street.† - -PORRIDGE POT _alley_, Aldersgate street.* - -PORTERS. The London porters are divided into brotherhoods, and consist of -four sorts, viz. Companies porters, Fellowship porters, Ticket porters, -and Tackle porters. - -I. The companies porters land and ship off all goods and merchandizes -exported and imported to and from all parts near the west side of the -Sound, in the Baltic sea, Germany, Holland, France, Spain, Italy, -Turkey, and towards or beyond the Cape of Good Hope. - -II. Fellowship porters, whose business is to land, ship off, carry or -house, all merchandize, as corn, salt, coals, and other commodities, -measurable by dry measure. They are upward of 700 in number, and their -chief governor is the Alderman of Billingsgate ward. Their quarterage is -12_d._ whereas the Ticket porters pay but 4_d._ each. - -There is a very remarkable custom among the Fellowship porters, which is -as follows, viz. - -By an act of Common Council, a sermon is preached to them, in the parish -church of St. Mary at Hill, the next Sunday after every Midsummer day; -when overnight they furnish the merchants and families about -Billingsgate with nosegays, and in the morning they proceed from their -place of meeting in good order, each having a nosegay in his hand: -walking through the middle isle to the communion table, every one offers -something into the two basons, for the relief of the poor, and towards -the charges of the day; and after they have passed, the deputy, the -merchants, their wives, children, and servants walk in order from their -seats, and bestow their offerings also; which is a ceremony of much -variety. The charges of their nosegays have amounted sometimes to near -20_l._ in one year. - -III. The Ticket porters land and ship off goods imported or exported to -all parts of America, &c. and house all merchants goods, metals, &c. -They give ample security for their fidelity and honesty, and such as -employ them need only take notice of their names stamped on a ticket -that hangs at their girdles; that upon complaint being made to their -Governor, satisfaction may be given to such as have been injured by -them. - -IV. Tackle porters are such of the Ticket porters as are furnished with -weights, scales, &c. and their business is to weigh goods. - -_Rates taken by_ PORTERS _for shipping, landing, houseing and weighing_. - -Sugar the hogshead, 3_d._—For weighing 4_d._ - -Sugar the tierce or barrel, 2_d._—For weighing 3_d._ - -Sugar the butt, 6_d._—For weighing 8_d._ - -Cotton, wool, the bag, 3_d._—The same for weighing. - -Ginger, the bag, 1_d._—The same for weighing. - -Melasses, the hogshead, 3_d._—For weighing 4_d._ - -Logwood, the ton, 1_s._—The same for weighing. - -Fustick, the ton, 1_s._—The same for weighing. - -Young fustick, the ton, 1_s._ 6_d._—The same for weighing. - -Lignum rhodium, the ton, 1_s._ 6_d._—The same for weighing. - -Lignum vitæ, the ton, 1_s._—The same for weighing. - -Tobacco, the hogshead, 2_d._—The same for weighing. - -Tobacco, the bundle, 1_d._—The same for weighing. - -Danish, or Swedish iron, the ton, 1_s._—The same for weighing. - -Narva and Riga hemp, the bundle, 6_d._—The same for weighing. - -Any porter has the liberty of bringing goods into London; but may not -carry any out of the city, or from one part of it to another, unless he -be a freeman; otherwise he is liable to be arrested. - -PORTERS _alley_, Basinghall street. - -PORTERS _block_, Smithfield bars. - -PORTER’S _court_, Basinghall street.† - -PORTER’S _field_, Porter’s street.† - -PORTERS _key_, Thames street. - -PORTER’S _street_, 1. Blossom’s street.† 2. Newport market.† - -PORTER’S _yard_, 1. Holiwell lane, Shoreditch.† 2. Whitecross street, -Cripplegate.† - -PORTLAND _street_, Oxford street. - -PORTPOOL _lane_, extends from Gray’s Inn lane to Leather lane. - -PORTSMOUTH _corner_, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. - -PORTSOKEN WARD. The word Portsoken, according to Maitland, signifies a -franchise at the gate: this ward is therefore situated entirely without -Aldgate, and contains all Whitechapel as far as the bars; Petticoat -lane, Houndsditch and the Minories. It is bounded on the east, by the -parishes of Spitalfields, Stepney, and St. George’s in the east; on the -south by Tower hill; on the west by Aldgate ward, from which it is -separated by the city wall; and on the north by Bishopsgate ward. - -Its principal streets are, Whitechapel up to the bars, the Minories, and -Houndsditch; and its most remarkable buildings, the parish churches of -St. Botolph’s Aldgate, and Trinity Minories, - -This ward is governed by an Alderman and five Common Council men, -including the Alderman’s Deputy; twenty-two inquest men, five -scavengers, five constables, and a beadle. The jurors returned by the -wardmote inquest serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month -of January. _Maitland._ - -PORTUGAL _row_, 1. St James’s street. 2. Lincoln’s Inn Fields. - -PORTUGAL _street_, 1. Piccadilly. 2. Searle’s street, Carey street. - -_General_ POST OFFICE, a handsome and commodious building near the south -west extremity of Lombard street, facing Pope’s Head alley. - -Of what antiquity the post is in this kingdom, is not easy to determine. -Anciently the management of the foreign mails was under the direction of -a stranger, who by the permission of the government was chosen by the -foreigners dwelling in this city, who even pretended to have a right by -prescription of chusing their own post master. However, in the year 1568 -a difference arising between the Spaniards and Flemings in London, each -chose their separate post master; and this contest occasioned a -representation from the citizens to the Privy Council, to beseech her -Majesty Queen Elizabeth, to fill that important post with one of her -English subjects. - -By the first accounts we find of the posts established for the -convenience of this kingdom, it appears to have been managed by several -private officers, who had their respective districts. But great -inconveniences arising from their different methods of proceeding, they -were suppressed, and a certain number of public officers erected in -their room: but these also not answering the end proposed, a General -Post Office was erected by act of parliament in the 12th of King Charles -II. in the year 1660, to be kept within the city of London, under the -direction of a Post Master appointed by the King. - -By this act the General Post Master was impowered to appoint post houses -in the several parts of the country hitherto unprovided, both in post -and by-roads: the postage of letters to and from all places therein -mentioned was not only ascertained, but likewise the rates of post -horses to be paid by all such as should ride post. - -At length, upon the union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, a -General Post Office was established by act of parliament in the year -1710, not only for the united kingdom of Great Britain, but likewise for -that of Ireland, and her Majesty’s plantations in North America and the -West Indies. - -The office of Post Master is at present under the direction of two -Commissioners who have 2000_l._ _per annum_, and are assisted by a -Secretary of 200_l._ a year, who has four Clerks, two of 60_l._ a year, -one of 50_l._ and one of 30_l._ - -The other officers under the direction of the Post Master General are, a -Receiver General, who has 300_l._ _per annum_, under whom are two -clerks, who have 50_l._ a year each. - -An Accomptant General who has 300_l._ _per annum_, and has a Deputy of -90_l._ a year, and three Clerks who have 50_l._ a year each. - -A Comptroller of the inland office who has 200_l._ a year, and has a -Deputy of 90_l._ a year. A Solicitor to the post office who has 200_l._ -a year; a Resident Surveyor, who has 300_l._ a year; and two Inspectors -of the mis-sent letters who have 100_l._ a year each. - -Six Clerks of the roads, viz. Chester, 100_l._ _per annum_; Assistant, -60_l._ West, 60_l._ and Assistant, 60_l._ North, 60_l._ a year, and -Assistant, 60_l._ Bristol, 60_l._ a year, and Assistant 60_l._ Yarmouth, -60_l._ a year, and Assistant, 60_l._ Kent, 60_l._ a year, and Assistant, -50_l._ Notwithstanding the smallness of these salaries; the perquisite -of franking news papers, &c. into the country renders the profits of the -Clerks of the roads very considerable. - -A Court Post who has 2_l._ a day; and a deliverer of the letters to the -House of Commons, who has 6_s._ 8_d._ a day. - -There is also a Clerk of the by-nights, who has 60_l._ a year, and his -Assistant, 60_l._ Ten sorters, seven of whom have 50_l._ a year, and -three 40_l._ a year each, seven, supernumerary sorters, three at 30_l._ -and four at 25_l._ each. A window man and alphabet keeper, who has -60_l._ a year; and several other officers and servants, among whom are -sixty-seven letter carriers at 11_s._ a week. - -In the foreign office is a Comptroller, who has 150_l._ a year; an -alphabet keeper, who has 100_l._ _per annum_, a Secretary who has 50_l._ -a year; and six Clerks, five of whom have 50_l._ a year each, and one -40_l._ a year. - - -Rates for carrying Letters by the Post, to any part of Great Britain and - Ireland. - - -_Double letters to be paid twice as much as single, treble letters three - times as much, and the ounce four times as much as single letters._ - - -Every single letter not exceeding one sheet, to or from any place not -exceeding eighty miles, 3_d._ - -Every single letter above eighty miles, 4_d._ - -Every single letter from London to Berwick, or from Berwick to London, -4_d._ - -Every single letter from Berwick to any place within forty miles -distance, 3_d._ - -Carriage of every single letter a greater distance than one hundred and -forty miles 6_d._ - -The port of every single letter to or from Edinburgh, and to and from -Dumfries or Cockburnsperth, and between either of those places and -Edinburgh, not coming from on ship-board, 6_d._ - -The port of every single letter from Edinburgh to or from any place -within fifty miles distance in Scotland, 2_d._ - -The port of every single letter a farther distance, and not exceeding -eighty miles within Scotland, 3_d._ - -The port of every single letter above eighty miles within Scotland, -4_d._ - -Between Donachaddee in Ireland and Port-Patrick in Scotland for port of -letters and packets (over and above the inland rates) to be paid at the -place where delivered; single letter, 2_d._ - -The carriage of every single letter from England to Dublin, in Ireland, -or from Dublin into England, 6_d._ - -The carriage of every single letter from Dublin to any place within -forty miles distance, or from any place within the like distance to -Dublin, 2_d._ - -The carriage of every letter a farther distance than forty miles, 4_d._ - -And for the port of all and every the letters and packets directed or -brought from on ship-board, over and above the said rates, 1_d._ - - -The several rates for the carriage of Letters, Packets, and Parcels; to - or from any parts or places beyond the seas, are as follow; viz. - - -_Double letters to be paid for twice as much as single, treble letters - three times as much, the ounce four times as much as the single - letters._ - - -All letters and packets coming from any part of France to London. Single -10_d._ - -All letters or packets passing from London through France, to any part -of Spain or Portugal (port paid to Bayonne) and from Spain and Portugal -through France to London, 1_s._ 6_d._ single, double 3_s._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through France, to any part -of Italy or Sicily by the way of Lyons, or to any part of Turky, by the -way of Marseilles, and from any of those parts thro’ France to London. -Single 1_s._ 3_d._ - -All letters and packets coming from any part of the Spanish Netherlands -to London. Single 10_d._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through the Spanish -Netherlands to any part of Italy or Sicily (port paid to Antwerp), and -from any port of Italy or Sicily, through the Spanish Netherlands unto -London. Single 1_s._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through the Spanish -Netherlands to any part of Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, and -all parts of the North, and from any of those parts through the Spanish -Netherlands unto London. Single 1_s._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through the Spanish -Netherlands to any part of Spain or Portugal; and from any part of Spain -or Portugal, through the Spanish Netherlands to London. Single 1_s._ -6_d._ - -All letters and packets passing from any part of the United Provinces to -London. Single 10_d._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through the United -Provinces, for any part of Italy or Sicily, and from any part of Italy -or Sicily, through the United Provinces, to London. Single 1_s._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through the United -Provinces, to any part of Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, and all -parts of the North; and from any of those parts and places, through the -United Provinces, to London. Single 1_s._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through the United -Provinces, to any part of Spain or Portugal; and from any part of Spain -or Portugal, through the United Provinces, to London. Single 1_s._ 6_d._ - -All letters and packets passing from London through the Spanish -Netherlands or the United Provinces, to Hamburgh (port paid to Antwerp -or Amsterdam) and from Hamburgh through the Spanish Netherlands, or the -United Provinces, to London. Single 10_d._ - -All letters and packets passing between London, Spain, or Portugal, by -packet boats. Single 1_s._ 6_d._ - -All letters and packets passing from London to Jamaica, Barbadoes, -Antigua, Montserrat, Nevis, and St. Christopher’s, in America, and from -any of those parts to London. Single 1_s._ 6_d._ - -All letters and packets from London to New York, in North America, and -from thence to London. Single 1_s._ - -All letters and packets from any part of the West Indies, to New York -aforesaid. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from New York to any place within sixty English -miles thereof, and thence back to New York. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from New York to Perth Amboy, the chief town in -East New Jersey, and to Bridlington, the chief town in West New Jersey, -and from each of those places back to New York, and from New York to any -place not exceeding one hundred English miles, and from each of those -places to New York. Single 6_d._ - -All letters and packets from Perth Amboy and Bridlington, to any place -not exceeding sixty English miles, and thence back again. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from Perth Amboy and Bridlington, to any place -not exceeding one hundred English miles, and thence back again. Single -6_d._ - -All letters and packets from New York to New London, the chief town in -Connecticut in New England, and to Philadelphia, the chief town in -Pensilvania, and from those places back to New York. Single 9_d._ - -All letters and packets from New London and Philadelphia, to any place -not exceeding sixty English miles, and thence back again. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from New York and Philadelphia, to any place not -exceeding one hundred English miles, and so back again. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from New York aforesaid, to Newport the chief -town in Rhode Island, and Providence Plantation in New England, and to -Boston, the chief town in Massachusett’s bay, in New England aforesaid; -and to Portsmouth, the chief town in New Hampshire, in New England -aforesaid; and to Annapolis, the chief town in Maryland, and from every -of those places to New York. Single 1_s._ - -All letters and packets from Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, and Annapolis -aforesaid, to any place not exceeding sixty English miles, and thence -back again. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, and Annapolis -aforesaid, to any place not exceeding one hundred English miles, and -thence back again. Single 6_d._ - -All letters and packets from New York aforesaid, to the chief offices in -Salem and Ipswich, and to the chief office in Piscataway, and to -Williamsburgh, the chief office in Virginia, and from every of those -places to New York. Single 1_s._ 3_d._ - -All letters and packets from the chief offices in Salem, Ipswich, and -Piscataway, and Williamsburgh aforesaid, to any place not exceeding -sixty English miles, and thence back again. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from the chief offices in Salem, Ipswich, -Piscataway, and Williamsburgh aforesaid, not exceeding one hundred -English miles, and thence back again. Single 6_d._ - -All letters and packets from New York aforesaid, to Charles Town, the -chief town in North and South Carolina, and from Charles Town aforesaid -to New York. Single 1_s._ 6_d._ - -All letters and packets from Charles Town aforesaid, to any place not -exceeding sixty English miles, and thence back again. Single 4_d._ - -All letters and packets from Charles Town aforesaid, to any place not -exceeding one hundred English miles, and thence back again. Single 6_d._ - - - _Post letters may be sent from London every night to_ - - - Abingdon - Ampthill - Ashburton - Attleborough - Bath - Beccles - Beconsfield - Birmingham - Bridgewater - Bristol - Bromsgrove - Burntwood - Bury St. Edmunds - Cambridge - Campden - Canterbury - Chatham - Chelmsford - Chertsey - Chester - Chipping Norton - Cirencester - Claremont - Cobham - Colchester - Croydon - Darking - Dartford - Deal - Derby - Dover - Enfield - Epsom - Esher in Surry - Evesham - Exeter - Faringdon - Feversham - Gerard’s Cross - Gloucester - Gravesend - Grays - Guildford - Ham in Surry - Hampton Court - Hampton Town - Hamwick in Surry - Hanworth - Harborough - Hertford - High Wickham - Ingateston - Ipswich - Isleworth - Kelvedon - Kingston - Kingston Wick - Lalam - Leatherhead - Leicester - Littleton - Liverpool - Loughborough - Lowstoff - Lynn - Maidstone - Manchester - Middlewich - Moulsey in Surry - Namptwich - Newmarket - Newport Pagnell - Northampton - Northwich - Norwich - Nottingham - Oxford - Petersham - Plymouth - Portsmouth - Prescot - Queenborough - Richmond - Ripley - Rochester - Royston - Rumford - Sandwich - Saxmundham - Shepperton - Shiffnal - Shrewsbury - Sittingbourn - Southall - Stafford - Stoke in Norfolk - Stone - Sunbury - Taunton - Teddington - Thame - Thames Ditton - Thanet - Thetford - Tiverton - Twickenham - Uxbridge - Walsall - Walton - Warrington - Wellington - Wells - Weybridge - Windham in Norfolk - Windsor - Wingham in Kent - Witham - Witton - Wolverhampton - Woodburn - Worcester - Yarmouth - Tunbridge bag every night from Midsummer to Michaelmas only - - -Bags for the following towns are dispatched Mondays, Tuesdays, -Thursdays, and Saturdays; and the returns are delivered Mondays, -Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays; Arundel, Brighthelmston, -Chichester, East Grinstead, Godalmin, Haslemere, Lewes, Midhurst, -Petworth, Ryegate, Steyning, Shoreham. - -On Mondays.] To France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Flanders, Sweden, -Denmark. - -On Tuesdays.] To Holland, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Scotland, -and all parts of England and Wales. - -N.B. One Tuesday the packet goes to Lisbon, and the next Tuesday to the -Groyn, and so on. - -On Thursdays.] To France, Spain, Italy, and all parts of England and -Scotland. - -On Fridays.] To Flanders, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Holland. - -On Saturdays.] To all parts of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. - -Letters are returned from all parts of England and Scotland certainly, -every Monday, Wednesday and Friday; and from Wales every Monday and -Friday. But their coming from foreign parts is more uncertain on account -of the seas. - -POST OFFICE _court_, a small but neat court in Lombard street, in which is -the post office. - -POSTERN _passage_, Shoemaker row. - -POSTERN, Bakers row. - -POSTERN GATE, an ancient gate which stood at the east end of Postern row -on Tower hill. It was erected soon after the Conquest in a beautiful -manner with stones brought from Kent and Normandy, for the convenience -of the neighbouring inhabitants, both within and without the walls; but -in the second year of the reign of Richard I. William Longchamp, Bishop -of Ely, and Chancellor of England, having resolved to enlarge and -strengthen the Tower of London with an additional fortification, he -caused a part of the city wall, which extended about 300 feet from the -Tower to this gate, to be taken down, in order to make way for a strong -wall and a spacious ditch: by which means the postern being deprived of -its support on that side, fell down in the year 1440. It was afterwards -replaced by a mean building of timber, laths and loam, with a narrow -passage; but this also decayed, and has been many years removed quite -away; nothing remaining at present to preserve the name, but a few posts -to guard a narrow foot way from the encroachments of horses and -carriages. - -A little to the south of the place where the gate stood, is a descent by -several stone steps to an excellent spring, much admired, which is still -called the Postern Spring. - -POSTERN _row_, a row of houses on Tower hill, leading from the place where -the postern gate formerly stood. - -POTTERS _fields_, 1. Back lane, Southwark. 2. Pickleherring lane. - -POTTLEPOT _alley_, St. Catharine’s by the Tower.* - -POVERTY _lane_, Brook street.‖ - -POULTNEY _court_, Cambridge street. - -POULTON’S _court_, near Broad street.† - -POULTERERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Henry VII. -in the year 1504. - -They have a Master, two Wardens, twenty-three Assistants, and a livery -of an hundred and six members, who on their admission pay a fine of -20_l._ but they have no hall. - -POULTRY, a street which extends from the Mansion house to Cheapside, and -was so denominated from the Poulterers stalls which anciently extended -along that street from Stocks market. _Maitland._ See SCALDING _alley_. - -POULTRY COMPTER, one of the city prisons, so denominated from its use and -situation: for this prison belonging to one of the Sheriffs, Maitland -supposes, might possibly be named the Compter, from the prisoners being -obliged to account for the cause of their commitment before their -discharge: and the addition of Poultry is added from its situation in -that street, to distinguish it from the Compter in Wood street. - -For an account of the several officers belonging to the two Compters, -see the article COMPTER. - -POWDERED BEEF _court_, Cabbage lane. - -POWELL’S _alley_, Chiswell street, Moorfields.† - -POWELL’S _court_, Queen street.† - -POWELL’S _yard_, Upper Ground street, Southwark.† - -PRAT’S _wharf_, Millbank, Westminster Horseferry.† - -PREBENDS _of St. Paul’s_. See the article CANONS. - -PRECENTOR or CHANTER OF ST. PAUL’S, an officer who superintends the church -music, and has a sub-chanter to officiate in his absence. To him belongs -the second stall on the north side of the choir: he is perpetual Rector -of the church of Stortford, proprietor of the same, and patron of the -vicarage. _Newc. Repert._ - -PREROGATIVE COURT in Doctors Commons; this court is thus denominated from -the prerogative of the Archbishop of Canterbury; who by a special -privilege beyond those of his suffragans, can here try all disputes that -happen to arise concerning the last wills of persons within his -province, who have left goods to the value of 5_l._ and upwards, unless -such things are settled by composition between the metropolitan and his -suffragans; as in the diocese of London, where it is 10_l._ - -This court, which was formerly held in the consistory of St. Paul’s, is -kept in Doctors Commons in the afternoon, the next day after the court -of Arches. The Judge is attended by the Register and his Deputy, who -sets down the decrees and acts of the court, and keeps the records. - -PREROGATIVE OFFICE in Doctors Commons, an office belonging to the above -court, in which copies of all wills deposited in the office are wrote in -large folio volumes, and any person may have the privilege of searching -a particular will for a shilling, and of having a copy of the whole, or -of any part of it, for a moderate fee. - -The places belonging to this court are in the gift of the Archbishop of -Canterbury. - -PRESBYTERIANS, a considerable body of Protestant dissenters; their -religious sentiments are in general pretty far from Calvinism, they have -now scarcely any resemblance to the church of Scotland; and every -congregation in this city, is in a manner as independent of each other -as the independents themselves. The meeting houses within the bills of -mortality are as follows: - -1. Bethnal green. 2. Broad street, Wapping. 3. Brook house, Clapton. 4. -Church street, Hoxton. 5. Crosby square, Bishopsgate street. 6. Crown -court, Russel street. 7. Founders hall, Lothbury. 8. Grafton street, -Seven dials. 9. Gravel lane, Houndsditch. 10. Great St. Thomas -Apostle’s. 11. Hanover street, Long Acre. 12. King John’s court, -Bermondsey. 13. King’s Weigh-house, Little Eastcheap. 14. Leather lane, -Holborn. 15. Little Carter lane. 16. Little Eastcheap, near Tower -street. 17. Little St. Helen’s Bishopsgate street. 18. Long ditch, -Westminster. 19. Maiden lane, Deadman’s place. 20. Middlesex court, -Bartholomew close. 21. Mourning lane, Hackney. 22. New Broad street, -London wall. 23. Near Nightingale lane. 24. Old Jewry, Poultry. 25. -Parish street, Horselydown. 26. Poor Jewry lane, near Aldgate. 27. Queen -street, near Cuckolds point. 28. Rampant lion yard, Nightingale lane. -29. Ryder’s court, near Leicester fields. 30. Salisbury street, -Rotherhithe. 31. St. Thomas, Southwark. 32. Salters hall, Swithin’s -lane. 33. Shakespear’s walk, Upper Shadwell. 34. Silver street, Wood -street. 35. Spitalfields. 36. Swallow street, Piccadilly. 37. Windsor -court, Monkwell street. - -PRESCOT _court_, St. John’s street, Smithfield.† - -PRESCOT _street_, Goodman’s fields.† - -PRESTON’S _yard_, in the Minories.† - -PRICE’S _alley_, 1. Brewer’s street. 2. Knave’s Acre, Wardour street.† 3. -Queen street, in the Park, Southwark.† - -PRICE’S _buildings_, Gravel lane.† - -PRICE’S _court_, Gravel lane.† - -PRICE’S _yard_, Long lane.† - -PRIEST’S _alley_, 1. Foster lane, Cheapside.† 2. Tower hill.† - -PRIEST’S _yard_, Dancing lane, Southwark.† - -PRIMROSE _alley_, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. Long alley, Moorfields. 3. St. -Mary Overies dock, Southwark. - -PRIMROSE HILL, a very pleasant hill between Kilburn and Hampstead; also -called Green Berry Hill, from the names of the three assassins of Sir -Edmundbury Godfrey, who brought him hither after they had murdered him -at Somerset house. - -PRIMROSE _row_, Primrose alley. - -PRIMROSE _street_, Bishopsgate street. - -PRINCE’S _court_. Several of these courts and streets received their name, -as well as those of King street and Queen street, after the restoration, -in honour of the return of the royal family. 1. Duke street, St. -James’s. 2. Drury lane. 3. Gravel lane, Southwark. 4. Hedge lane, -Charing Cross. 5. Long Ditch, Westminster. 6. Lothbury. 7. Newport -market. 8. Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff highway. 9. Tower hill. 10. -Wentworth street. - -PRINCE’S _square_, Ratcliff highway, is a neat square, principally -inhabited by the families of gentlemen who belong to the sea. Its chief -ornament is the church and church yard belonging to the Swedes, -surrounded with iron rails and well planted with trees. The front of the -church is carried up flat with niches and ornaments, and on the summit -is a pediment. The body is divided into a central part projecting -forwarder than the rest, and two sides. The central part has two tall -windows, terminated by a pediment, and in the midst of that is an oval -window; but in the sides there is only a compartment below with a -circular window above. The corners of the building are wrought in a -bold, plain rustic. The tower rises square from the roof, and at the -corners are placed urns with flames: from thence rises a turret in the -lanthorn form with flaming urns at the corners: this turret is covered -with a dome, from which rises a ball, supporting the fane, in the form -of a rampant lion. - -PRINCE’S _stairs_, Rotherhith. - -PRINCE’S _street_, 1. St. Anne’s street, Soho. 2. Barbican. 3. Brick lane, -Spitalfields. 4. Charles street, Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff. 5. Drury -lane. 6. Duke street, St. James’s. 7. Duke street, Southwark. 8. Hanover -square. 9. Little Queen street. 10. Oxford street. 11. Queen street. 12. -Ratcliff Highway. 13. Red Lion square, Holborn. 14. Rotherhith Wall. 15. -Sun Tavern fields, Shadwell. 16. The west end of Threadneedle street; -first built by act of Parliament after the fire of London, in which it -was called by this name before it was erected. 17. Upper Moorfields. 18. -Whitcomb street, Hedge lane. 19. Wood street, Spitalfields. - -PRINTING HOUSE _lane_, leading to the King’s printing house in Black -friars. - -PRINTING HOUSE _street_, Water lane. - -PRINTING HOUSE _yard_, 1. Water lane. 2. By White’s alley, Coleman street; -thus named from a large printing house there for woollens. - -PRITCHARD’S _alley_, Fair street, Horselydown.† - -PRIVY COUNCIL, held at the Cockpit. This great and honourable assembly -meet in order to consult upon those measures that are most likely to -contribute to the honour, defence, safety and benefit of his Majesty’s -dominions. - -The members of this body are chosen by the King, and are, or ought to be -distinguished by their wisdom, courage, integrity, and political -knowledge. A Privy Counsellor, though but a Gentleman, has precedence of -all Knights, Baronets, and the younger sons of all Barons and Viscounts. -They sit at the council board bareheaded, when his Majesty presides; at -all debates the lowest delivers his opinion first; and the King last of -all declares his judgment, and thereby determines the matter in debate. - -PRIVY GARDEN, Whitehall, was formerly used as a private garden, though it -extended almost to the Cockpit. The wall joined the arch still standing -by the Cockpit, and ran on in a line to King street. _Plan of London -drawn in Queen Elizabeth’s time._ - -PRIVY GARDEN _stairs_, Privy Garden. - -PRIVY SEAL OFFICE, Whitehall. An office under the government of the Lord -Privy Seal, a great officer, next in dignity to the Lord President of -the Council, who keeps the King’s privy seal, which is set to such -grants as pass the great seal of England. The Lord Privy Seal has a -salary of 3000_l._ _per annum_. Under him are three Deputies, a -Secretary, and three Clerks; but these Clerks have no salaries; they -have however considerable fees, and 30_l._ a year board wages. - -PROBIN’S _yard_, Blackman street, Southwark.† - -PROTONOTARIES, or PROTHONOTARIES, in the court of Common Pleas. The word -is derived from _Protonotarius_, a chief Notary or Clerk; and they are -accordingly the chief Clerks of this court. They enter and enrol all -declarations, pleadings, assizes, judgments, and actions; and make out -judicial writs, &c. for all English counties, except Monmouth. They are -three in number, and have each separate offices, one in the Middle -Temple, another in King’s Bench Walks, and the other in Searle’s court, -Lincoln’s Inn. In these offices all the Attorneys of the court of Common -Pleas enter their causes. - -Each of these Protonotaries has a Secondary, whose office is, to draw up -the rules of court, and these were formerly the ancientest and ablest -Clerks or Attorneys of the court. - -PROTONOTARY’S, or PROTHONOTARY’S _Office in Chancery_, is kept in Middle -Temple lane, and is chiefly to expedite commissions for embassies. - -PROVIDENCE _court_, North Audley street. - -PROVIDENCE _yard_, Peter street, Westminster. - -PRUJEAN’S _court_, in the Old Bailey.† - -PRUSON’S _island_, Near New Gravel lane.† - -PUDDING _lane_, Thames street. In this lane the fire of London broke out, -at a house situated exactly at the same distance from the Monument as -that is high. Upon this house, which is rebuilt in a very handsome -manner, was set up by authority the following inscription: - -‘Here by the permission of Heaven, Hell broke loose upon this protestant -city, from the malicious hearts of barbarous papists, by the hand of -their agent HUBERT: who confessed, and on the ruins of this place -declared his fact, for which he was hanged, viz. That here began the -dreadful fire, which is described and perpetuated, on and by the -neighbouring pillar, erected 1681—in the mayoralty of Sir Patience Ward, -Knt.’ - -But the inhabitants being incommoded by the many people who came to look -at the house, and read this board, it was taken down a few years ago. - -PUDDLE _dock_, Thames street. There was anciently a descent into the -Thames in this place, where horses used to be watered; who raising the -mud with their feet, made the place like a puddle; from this -circumstance, and from a person named Puddle dwelling there, this dock, -according to Maitland, obtained its present name. - -PUDDLE DOCK _hill_, Great Carter lane. - -PUDDLE DOCK _stairs_, Puddle dock. - -PULTNEY _court_, Little Windmill street. - -PULTNEY _street_, 1. Brewer’s street.† 2. Knave’s Acre.† - -PUMP _alley_, 1. Brown’s street.☐ 2. Gardener’s lane, Petty France, -Westminster.☐ 3. Green bank, Wapping.☐ 4. Perkins’s rents, Peter street, -Soho.☐ 5. Quaker street, Spitalfields.☐ 6. Queen street in the Park, -Southwark.☐ 7. Red lion street, Wapping dock.☐ 8. Near Whitecross -street, Cripplegate.☐ - -PUMP _court_, 1. Bridgewater gardens.☐ 2. Charing Cross.☐ 3. Crutched -Friars.☐ 4. Glasshouse yard.☐ 5. Holland street.† 6. Jacob’s street, -Mill street.☐ 7. Inner Temple.☐ 8. Long alley, Shoreditch.☐ 9. The -Minories.☐ 10. Noble street, Foster lane.☐ 11. Rose and Crown court.☐ -12. Portpool lane.☐ 13. Queenhithe.☐ 14. Three Foxes court, Longlane, -Smithfield.☐ 15. White Hart yard, Drury lane.☐ 16. White’s alley.☐ - -PUMP _yard_, 1. Near Aldersgate Bars.☐ 2. Church lane.☐ 3. Golden lane.☐ -4. Gravel lane.☐ 5. King John’s court, Southwark.☐ 6. Newington Butts.☐ -7. In the Orchard, Ratcliff.☐ 8. Pump alley, Chequer alley.☐ 9. Three -Colts street.† 10. Whitehorse alley, Cow Cross.☐ - -PUNCH BOWL _alley_, Moorfields Quarters.* - -PUNCH _court_, Thrall street, Spitalfields. - -PURFORD. See PYRFORD. - -PURSE _court_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Old Change, Cheapside.* - -PUTNEY, a village in Surry, situated on the Thames, five miles south west -of London, famous for being the birth place of Thomas Cromwell Earl of -Essex, whose father was a blacksmith here. About this village the -citizens of London have many pretty seats; and on Putney Heath is a -public house, noted for polite assemblies, and in the summer season for -breakfasting and dancing, and for one of the pleasantest bowling greens -in England. Here is an old church erected after the same model with that -of Fulham, on the opposite shore, and they are both said to have been -built by two sisters. - -That part of Putney which joins to the Heath, commands a fine view both -up and down the river Thames. - -PYE _corner_, Smithfield. - -PYE _garden_, near Willow street, Bank side, Southwark. - -PYE _street_, Westminster. - -PYRFORD, or PURFORD, in Surry, the fine seat of the late Denzil Onslow, -Esq; situated two miles from Guilford, on the banks of the Wey. It is -rendered extremely pleasant, by the beautiful intermixture of wood and -water, in the park, gardens, and grounds adjoining. By the park is a -decoy, the first of the kind in this part of England. - - -[Illustration] - - - - - Q. - - -QUAKERS, a body of dissenters who have the following places of worship in -this metropolis: - -1. Devonshire street, Bishopsgate street. 2. Ewer’s street, Southwark. -3. Fair street, Horselydown. 4. Little Almonry, Westminster. 5. St. -John’s lane. 6. Sandy’s court, Houndsditch. 7. School house lane, -Ratcliff. 8. Savoy in the Strand. 9. Wapping. 10. White hart yard, -Gracechurch street. 11. Workhouse, Clerkenwell. - -QUAKERS _street_, Spitalfields. - -QUAKERS WORKHOUSE, in Bridewell Walk, Clerkenwell, contains about eighteen -or twenty old men and women; but they are not confined to any number. -These are provided with all the necessaries of life in a very decent -manner: as are also forty boys and twenty girls; who are not only taught -reading, writing and arithmetic; but to spin, sew, knit, and make -thrum-mops, &c. in order to inure them to early labour: the boys, when -put out apprentice, have 5_l._ given with each. These children are -cloathed in very good cloth and callimancoes, and supported at the -expence of about 600_l._ _per annum_. - -QUALITY _court_, Chancery lane. - -QUART POT _alley_, George street, Petty France, Westminster.* - -QUEEN ANNE’S _street_, a very handsome regular street, building north of -Cavendish square, and parallel to that and Wigmore street. It being -built on the estate of the late Lord Harley, Earl of Oxford, it received -its name in honour of his Royal Mistress. - -QUEEN ELIZABETH’S _School_, in School house lane, Tooley street, -Southwark, was founded by that Princess, for instructing the boys of St. -Olave’s parish in English, grammar and writing. - -This school generally consists of near three hundred boys, for the -teaching of whom the master of the grammar school has a salary of 61_l._ -_per annum_; his usher 41_l._ 10_s._ the writing-master has 60_l._ out -of which he is obliged to supply the school with pens and ink; the -English master has 37_l._ 10_s._ and his usher 20_l._ These sums, -together amounting to 220_l. per annum_, are chiefly raised from an -estate in Horselydown, which, pursuant to the letters of incorporation, -is, with the school, under the management of sixteen of the -parishioners. _Maitland._ - -QUEENHITHE, in Thames street, a hithe or harbour for large boats, -lighters, barges, and even ships, which anciently anchored at that -place, as they do now at Billingsgate, the draw-bridge being drawn up -for their passage through; Queenhithe being then the principal key for -lading and unlading in the heart of the city. Hither vast numbers of -these vessels came laden with corn, as the barges do now with malt and -meal, this being the great meal market of the city. - -QUEENHITHE _alley_, near Thames street. - -QUEENHITHE _stairs_, Queenhithe. - -QUEENHITHE _little stairs_, Queenhithe. - -QUEENHITHE WARD, is bounded on the north by Bread street ward, and -Cordwainers ward; on the east by Dowgate ward; on the south by the -Thames, and on the west by Baynard’s castle ward. The principal streets -and lanes in this ward, are, next to Queenhithe, a part of Thames -street, from St. Bennet’s hill to Townsend lane; Lambert hill, Fish -street hill, Five foot lane, Bread street hill, Huggen lane, Little -Trinity, with the south side of Great Trinity lane, and Old Fish street. - -The most remarkable buildings, are the parish churches of St. Nicholas -Cole Abbey, St. Mary Somerset, and St. Michael’s Queenhithe; -Painterstainers hall, and Blacksmiths hall. - -This ward is governed by an Alderman and six Common Council men, -including the Alderman’s Deputy; thirteen inquest men, eight scavengers, -nine constables, and a beadle. The jury-men returned by the Wardmote -inquest, serve in the several courts of Guildhall in the month of -October. _Maitland._ - -QUEEN’S ARMS _alley_, 1. Shoe lane.* 2. Shoreditch.* - -QUEEN’S ARMS _court_, Upper Ground.* - -QUEEN’S _court_, 1. St. Catharine’s lane, East Smithfield.* 2. Great Queen -street.* 3. High Holborn.* 4. King street, Covent Garden.* - -QUEEN’S HEAD _alley_, 1. Hoxton.* 2. Newgate street.* 3. Shadwell.* 4. -Wapping.* 5. Whitechapel.* - -QUEEN’S HEAD _court_, 1. Fleet street.* 2. Giltspur street.* 3. Gray’s Inn -lane.* 4. Great Windmill street.* 5. High Holborn.* 6. King street, -Covent Garden.* 7. Pye corner.* 8. In the Strand.* 9. Turn again lane.* - -QUEEN’S HEAD _yard_, 1. Gray’s Inn lane, Holborn.* 2. White Horse street.* - -QUEEN’S LIBRARY, a handsome building erected by that learned Princess her -late Majesty Queen Caroline, into which books were put in the month of -October 1737. This is a very noble room, furnished with a choice -collection of modern books in several languages, consisting of about -4500, finely bound, and placed in great order, with brass net-work -before them. _Maitland._ - -QUEEN’S _square_, 1. St. James’s Park. 2. Little Bartholomew close. 3. -Ormond street, by Red Lion street, Holborn. This, as a late writer -justly observes, is an area of a peculiar kind, it being left open on -one side for the sake of the beautiful landscape formed by the hills of -Highgate and Hampstead, together with the adjacent fields. A delicacy -worthy, as it is an advantage to the inhabitants, and a beauty even with -regard to the square itself. - -QUEEN’S SQUARE _street_, Long Ditch, Westminster. - -QUEEN _street_. Many of these streets were thus named after the -restoration, in honour of the royal family. 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Opposite -King street in Cheapside; this street was widened, and had its name -changed to Queen street, by act of Parliament, after the fire of London. -3. Great Russel street, Bloomsbury. 4. Great Windmill street. 5. Hog -lane, St. Giles’s. 6. Hoxton. 7. Long Ditch, Westminster. 8. In the -Mint, Southwark. 9. Moorfields. 10. Near New Gravel lane, Shadwell. 11. -Old Paradise street, Rotherhith. 12. Oxford street. 13. In the Park, -Southwark. 14. Ratcliff. 15. Redcross street, Southwark. 16. Rosemary -lane. 17. Rotherhith. 18. Seven Dials. 19. Soho square. 20. Tower hill. -21. Mews, Great Queen street. - -QUICKAPPLE’S _alley_, Bishopsgate street without.† - -QUIET _row_, Red Lion street. - - -[Illustration] - - - - - R. - - -RACKET _court_, Fleet street. - -RAG _alley_, Golden lane, Redcross street. - -RAG FAIR, 1. East Smithfield. 2. Rosemary lane. Here old cloaths are sold -every day, by multitudes of people standing in the streets; there is -here a place called the ‘Change, where all the shops sell old cloaths: -it is remarkable that many of the old cloaths shops in Rosemary lane, -where this daily market is kept, deal for several thousand pounds a -year. - -RAG _street_, Hockley in the hole. - -RAGDALE _court_, Millman street, near Red Lion street, Holborn. - -RAGGED _row_, Goswell street.‖ - -RAGGED STAFF _alley_, Fleet street.* - -RAGGED STAFF _court_, Drury lane.* - -RAINDEER _court_, in the Strand.* - -RAINE’S _Hospital_, in Fowden Fields in the parish of St. George, Ratcliff -Highway, a handsome building erected by Mr. Henry Raine, brewer, in the -year 1737, who endowed it by a deed of gift with a perpetual annuity of -240_l._ _per annum_, and added the sum of 4000_l._ in South sea -annuities, amounting to about 4400_l._ to be laid out in a purchase. - -The children of this hospital, which contains forty-eight girls, are -taken out of a parish school almost contiguous to it, erected in the -year 1719, by the above Mr. Raine, at the expence of about 2000_l._ and -he likewise endowed it with a perpetual annuity of 60_l._ - -The children are supplied with all the necessaries of life, and taught -to read, write, sew, and household work, to qualify them for service, to -which they are put, after having been three years upon the foundation. -_Maitland._ - -RALPH’S _key_, Thames street. - -RAM _alley_, 1. Cock lane.* 2. Cow Cross, Smithfield.* 3. St. John’s -street, Spitalfields.* 4. Rotherhith Wall.* 5. Wright street, -Rotherhith.* - -RAM’S HEAD _court_, Moor lane, Fore street, Moorgate.* - -RAMSAY’S _Almshouse_, in Horns yard, Cloth Fair, was founded by Dame Mary -Ramsey, relict of Mr. Thomas Ramsey, some time Lord Mayor, about the -year 1596, for three poor women, who formerly received coals and -cloaths; but at present only 2_s._ _per_ week each. _Maitland._ - -RAMPANT LION _yard_, Nightingale lane.* - -RANDAL _alley_, Rotherhith Wall.† - - -[Illustration: - - _View of Ranelagh._ - _S. Wale delin._ _B. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - - -RANELAGH GARDENS, at Chelsea; so called from their formerly belonging to -the Earl of Ranelagh. This is one of those public places of pleasure -which is not to be equalled in Europe, and is the resort of people of -the first quality. Though its gardens are beautiful, it is more to be -admired for the amphitheatre. This is a circular building, the external -diameter is 185 feet, round the whole is an arcade, and over that a -gallery with a balustrade (to admit the company into the upper boxes) -except where the entrances break the continuity. Over this are the -windows (as may be seen in the print) and it terminates with the roof. -The internal diameter is 150 feet, and the architecture of the inside -corresponds with the outside, except that over every column, between the -windows, termini support the roof. In the middle of the area, where the -orchestra was at first designed, is a chimney having four faces. This -makes it warm and comfortable in bad weather. The orchestra fills up the -place of one of the entrances. The entertainment consists of a fine band -of music with an organ, accompanied by the best voices. The regale is -tea and coffee. - -RANGER’S _yard_, York street, Jermain street.† - -RAT _alley_, Great Eastcheap.* - -RATCLIFF, by Upper Shadwell. - -RATCLIFF SCHOOL, was founded by Nicholas Gibson, Sheriff of this city, in -the year 1537, for the education of sixty poor children; the master had -a salary of 10_l._ and the usher 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ _per annum_, at that -time very considerable sums: at present the master has 23_l._ 6_s._ -8_d._ and the usher 9_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._ a year. This house belonging to -the adjoining almshouses, is under the management of the Coopers -company. _Maitland._ - -RATCLIFF _cross_, Ratcliff. - -RATCLIFF _highway_, near Upper Shadwell. - -RATCLIFF HIGHWAY _street_, Shadwell. - -RATCLIFF _row_, near Old Street.† - -RATCLIFF _square_, Ratcliff.† - -RATHBONE _place_, Oxford street. - -RAY’S _court_, Cross lane, Lukener’s lane.† - -READ’S _rents_, Long lane, Smithfield.† - -REBECCA’S _yard_, East Smithfield. - -REBEL’S _row_, near St. George’s church, Southwark. - -RECKMAN’S _rents_, Limehouse bridge.† - -RECORD OFFICE, in the Tower, is kept in Wakefield’s Tower, which joins to -the Bloody Tower, near Traitor’s Gate; and consists of three rooms one -above another, and a large round room where the rolls are kept. These -are all handsomely wainscoted, the wainscot being framed into presses -round each room, within which are shelves, and repositories for the -records; and for the easier finding of them, the year of each reign is -inscribed on the inside of these presses, and the records placed -accordingly. - -Within these presses, which amount to fifty-six in number, are deposited -all the rolls from the first year of the reign of King John, to the -beginning of the reign of Richard III. but those after this last period -are kept in the Rolls chapel. See ROLLS _Office_. - -The records in the Tower, among other things, contain, the foundation of -abbies, and other religious houses; the ancient tenures of all the lands -in England, with a survey of the manors; the original of our laws and -statutes; proceedings of the courts of common law and equity; the rights -of England to the dominion of the British seas; leagues and treaties -with foreign Princes; the achievements of England in foreign wars; the -settlement of Ireland, as to law and dominion; the forms of submission -of the Scottish Kings; ancient grants of our Kings to their subjects; -privileges and immunities granted to cities and corporations during the -period abovementioned; enrollments of charters and deeds made before the -conquest; the bounds of all the forests in England, with the several -respective rights of the inhabitants to common of pasture, and many -other important records, all regularly disposed, and referred to in near -a thousand folio indexes. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ _Strype’s -Stowe._ - -This office is kept open, and attendance constantly given, from seven -o’clock till one, except in the months of December, January, and -February, when it is open only from eight to one, except on Sundays and -holidays. A search here is half a guinea, for which you may peruse any -one subject a year. - -RECORDER _of London_. This officer ought always to be a learned Lawyer, -well versed in the customs of the city. He is not only the chief -Assistant to the Lord Mayor in matters of law and justice; but takes -place in councils and in courts before any man that hath not been Lord -Mayor: he speaks in the name of the City upon extraordinary occasions; -usually reads and presents their addresses to the King; and when seated -upon the bench delivers the sentence of the court. _Maitland._ - -RED BULL _alley_, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* 2. St. Olave’s street, -Southwark.* 3. Thames street.* - -RED BULL _court_, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* 2. Red Bull alley.* - -RED BULL _yard_, 1. Ailesbury street, St. John’s street, Clerkenwell.* 2. -Islington.* - -RED COW _alley_, 1. Church lane, Rag Fair.* 2. Old street.* - -RED COW _court_, 1. Church lane, Caple street.* 2. Rotherhithe Wall.* - -RED COW _lane_, Mile-end turnpike.* - -REDCROSS _alley_, 1. Jewin street, Redcross street. 2. By London Bridge. -3. Long Ditch, Westminster. 4. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark. 5. Old -street. 6. Redcross street, in the Mint. - -REDCROSS _court_, 1. Cow lane. 2. In the Minories. 3. Old Bailey. 4. Tower -street. - -REDCROSS STREET LIBRARY. See _Dr._ WILLIAMS’S LIBRARY. - -REDCROSS _square_, Jewin street. - -REDCROSS _street_, 1. Extends from Cripplegate to Barbican: at the upper -end of this street, opposite the west end of Beach lane, stood a red -cross, which gave name to this street. _Maitland._ 2. Nightingale lane, -East Smithfield. 3. In the Park, Southwark. - -REDCROSS STREET SCHOOL, was founded in the year 1709, by Dame Eleanor -Hollis, who endowed it with 62_l._ 3_s._ _per annum_, in ground rents; -for the education of fifty poor girls; but by additional benefactions -the revenue is increased to 80_l._ 2_s._ 8_d._ a year. - -This school being kept in the same house with that of the parish boys of -St. Giles’s, Cripplegate, it is generally taken for the parish girls -charity school. - -RED GATE _court_, in the Minories. - -RED HART _court_, Fore street, Cripplegate.* - -REDHILL’S _rents_, Vine street.† - -RED HORSE _yard_, Glasshouse yard.* - -RED LION _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. St. Catharine’s, Tower -hill.* 3. Cow Cross, Smithfield.* 4. St. John’s street, Smithfield.* 5. -St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 6. In the Minories.* 7. Peter’s street, -St. John’s street, Westminster.* 8. Thames street.* 9. Tower Ditch.* 10. -Whitechapel.* - -RED LION _back court_, Charterhouse lane.* - -RED LION _court_, 1. Addle hill, by Thames street.* 2. Barnaby street, -Southwark.* 3. Bennet’s hill, Thames street.* 4. Bennet’s street, -Southwark.* 5. Brick lane.* 6. St. Catharine’s lane.* 7. Castle yard, -Holborn.* 8. Charterhouse lane, by Charterhouse square.* 9. Cock lane, -Snow hill.* 10. Drury lane.* 11. Fleet street.* 12. Grub street.* 13. -Holiwell lane.* 14. Kingsland road.* 15. London Wall.* 16. Long Acre.* -17. Red Lion alley, St. Margaret’s hill.* 18. Red Lion street, -Spitalfields.* 19. Long alley, Moor fields.* 20. Silver street, -Cripplegate.* 21. Watling street, St. Paul’s church yard.* 22. Wheeler -street, Spitalfields.* 23. White Hart yard.* 24. Windmill hill.* - -RED LION _inn yard_, Bishopsgate street.* - -RED LION _market_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* - -RED LION MARKET _passage_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* - -RED LION _mews_, Cavendish street.* - -RED LION _passage_, Fetter lane.* - -RED LION _square_, by Red Lion street, Holborn. A handsome square, adorned -with a lofty obelisk placed upon a pedestal in the center. - -RED LION _street_, 1. In the Borough.* 2. A very neat well-built street, -leading to Clerkenwell.* 3. St. George’s Fields.* 4. High Holborn.* 5. -Spitalfields market.* 6. Wapping.* 7. Whitechapel.* - -RED LION _yard_, 1. Cavendish street.* 2. Church street, Lambeth.* 3. -Great Warner’s street.* 4. Houndsditch.* 5. Long lane, Smithfield.* 6. -Long Acre.* 7. Lower Shadwell.* 8. Red Lion street.* 9. Star street, -Clerkenwell.* - -RED MAID _lane_, near the Hermitage.* - -RED ROSE _alley_, Whitecross street, Old street.* - -RED WOOD _alley_, near Skinner’s street, Bishopsgate street without. - -REDDISH _row_, Red Maid lane, Wapping. - -REEVE’S _mews_, Audley street.† - -REGISTER’S OFFICE _in Chancery_, Symond’s Inn, Chancery lane. - -REGISTER OFFICE _of Deeds_, for the county of Middlesex, Bell yard, Fleet -street. - -_City_ REMEMBRANCER, an officer who on certain days attends the Lord -Mayor. His business is to put his Lordship in mind of the select days -when he is to go abroad with the Aldermen, &c. and to attend the -parliament house during the sessions, in order to make a report to the -Lord Mayor of what passes there. - -_The King’s_ REMEMBRANCER’S OFFICE, in the Inner Temple. An office -belonging to the court of Exchequer, in which there are eight sworn -Clerks, two of whom are Secondaries. - -Here are entered the state of all the accounts relating to the King’s -revenue, for customs, excise, subsidies: all aids granted to the King in -Parliament; and every thing relating to his Majesty’s revenue, whether -certain or casual: all securities, either by bonds or recognizances, -given to the King by accountants and officers: all proceedings upon any -statute by information for customs, excise, or any other penal law: all -proceedings upon the said bonds or recognizances, or any other bonds -taken in the King’s name, by officers appointed for that purpose under -the great seal of England, and transmitted hither for recovery thereof, -are properly in this office, from whence issue forth process to cause -all accountants to come in and account; For there being a court of -equity in the court of Exchequer, all proceedings relating to it are in -this office. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ - -_The Lord Treasurers_ REMEMBRANCER’S OFFICE, also belongs to the court of -Exchequer. In this office process is made against all Sheriffs, -Receivers, Bailiffs, &c. for their accounts, and many other things of -moment, as estreats, rules, &c. All charters and letters patent, upon -which any rents are referred to the King, are transcribed, and sent into -this office by the Clerk of the petty bag, in order to be transmitted to -the Clerk of the pipe, that process may be made to recover the money by -the Comptroller of the pipe. Out of this office process is likewise made -to levy the King’s fee farm rents, &c. - -In short, when the Auditors of the revenue have made schedules of such -arrears, and transmitted them to the Remembrancer, the state of all -imprest accounts, and all other accounts whatsoever, are entered in this -office, as well as in that of the King’s Remembrancer. Both this and the -other office are in the King’s gift. _Chamberlain’s Present State._ - -_Court of_ REQUESTS. See _Court of_ CONSCIENCE. - -REYGATE, a large market town in Surry, situated in the valley of -Holmsdale, twenty-four miles from London, and surrounded on each side -with hills. It is an ancient borough, and had a castle, built by the -Saxons, on the east side of the town, some ruins of which are still to -be seen, particularly a long vault with a room at the end, large enough -to hold 500 persons, where the Barons who took up arms against King John -are said to have had their private meetings. Its market house was once a -chapel dedicated to Thomas Becket. The neighbourhood abounds with -fullers earth and medicinal plants. - -On the south side of the town is a large house, formerly a priory: it -belongs to the late Mr. Parsons’s family, and is beautified with -plantations, and a large piece of water. It has two rooms, each fifty -feet long, and of a proportionable breadth; but the ceilings are much -too low. The house and gardens are on every side surrounded with hills, -so as to render the prospect very romantic. - -In this town the late celebrated Lord Shaftesbury had an house, to which -he retired to seclude himself from company. It is now in the possession -of a private gentleman, who has laid out and planted a small spot of -ground, in so many parts, as to comprise whatever can be supposed in the -most noble seats. It may properly be called a model, and is called by -the inhabitants of Reygate, _The world in one acre_. - -RHODES _yard_, Bishopsgate street.† - -RICHARD’S _court_, Lime street, Leadenhall street.† - -RICHBELL _court_, Red Lion street, Holborn.† - -RICHMOND, a village in Surry, twelve miles from London. This is reckoned -the finest village in the British dominions, and has therefore been -termed the _Frescati_ of England. It was anciently the seat of our -Monarchs, and the palace from its splendor was called _Shene_, which in -the Saxon tongue signifies bright or shining; Here King Edward III. died -of grief for the loss of his heroic son Edward the Black Prince; and -here died Anne the wife of Richard II. who first taught the English -women the use of the side saddle; for before her time they were used to -ride astride; Richard, however, was so afflicted at her death, that it -gave him such a dislike to the place where it happened, that he defaced -the fine palace; but it was repaired and beautified afresh by King Henry -V. who also founded near it three religious houses. In the year 1497, -this palace was destroyed by fire, when King Henry VII. was there; but -in 1501 that Prince caused it to be new built, and commanded that the -village should be called Richmond; he having borne the title of Earl of -Richmond, before he obtained the crown by the defeat and death of -Richard III. Henry VII. died here; and here also his grand-daughter -Queen Elizabeth breathed her last. On the ground where formerly stood a -part of the old palace, the Earl of Cholmondeley has a seat, as has also -Mr. Wray. - -The present palace, which is finely situated, is a very plain edifice -built by the Duke of Ormond, who received a grant of a considerable -space of land about Richmond, from King William III. as a reward for his -military services; but it devolved to the Crown on that Duke’s -attainder, in the beginning of the reign of King George I. and this -house was by his present Majesty confirmed to the late Queen Caroline, -in case she became Queen Dowager of England. - -His Majesty took great delight here, and made several improvements in -the palace, while her Majesty amused herself at her royal dairy house, -Merlin’s cave, the Hermitage, and the other improvements which she made -in the park and gardens of this delightful retreat. - -Though the palace is unsuitable to the dignity of a King of England, the -gardens are extremely fine, without offering a violence to nature; and -Pope’s advice with respect to planting, may be considered as a very -accurate description of the beauties to be found here. - - - To build, to plant, whatever you intend, - To rear the column, or the arch to bend; - To swell the terrace, or to sink the grot, - In all let Nature never be forgot: - Consult the genius of the place in all, - That tells the waters or to rise or fall; - Or helps th’ ambitious hill the heav’ns to scale, - Or scoops in circling theatres the vale; - Calls in the country, catches op’ning glades, - Joins willing woods, and varies shades from shades; - Now breaks, or now directs th’intending lines; - Paints as you plant, and as you work, designs. - - -In short, almost every thing here has an agreeable wildness, and a -pleasing irregularity, that cannot fail to charm all who are in love -with nature, and afford a much higher and more lasting satisfaction than -the stiff decorations of art, where the artist loses sight of nature -which alone ought to direct his hand. - -On entering these rural walks, you are conducted to the dairy, a neat -but low brick building, to which there is an ascent by a flight of -steps; in the front is a handsome angular pediment. The walls on the -inside are covered with stucco, and the house is furnished suitably to a -royal dairy, the utensils for the milk being of the most beautiful -china. - -Passing by the side of a canal, and thro’ a grove of trees, the temple -presents itself to view, situated on a mount. It is a circular dome -crowned with a ball, and supported by Tuscan columns, with a circular -altar in the middle, and to this temple there is an ascent by very steep -slopes. - -Returning by the dairy, and crossing the gravel walk, which leads from -the palace to the river, you come to a wood, which you enter by a walk -terminated by the Queen’s pavilion, a neat elegant structure, wherein is -seen a beautiful chimney-piece, taken from a design in the addition to -Palladio, and a model of a palace intended to be built in this place. - -In another part of the wood is the Duke’s summer house, which has a -lofty arched entrance, and the roof rising to a point is terminated by a -ball. - -On leaving the wood you come to the summer house on the terrace, a light -small building with very large and lofty windows, to give a better view -of the country, and particularly of that noble seat called Sion house. -In this edifice are two good pictures, representing the taking of Vigo -by the Duke of Ormond. - -Passing through a labyrinth, you see, near a pond, Merlin’s cave, a -Gothic building thatched; within which are the following figures in wax, -Merlin, an ancient British enchanter; the excellent and learned Queen -Elizabeth, and a Queen of the Amazons; here is also a library consisting -of a well chosen collection of the works of modern authors neatly bound -in vellum. - -On leaving this edifice, which has an antique and venerable appearance, -you come to a large oval of above 500 feet in diameter, called the -Forest oval, and turning from hence you have a view of the Hermitage, a -grotesque building, which seems as if it had stood many hundred years, -though it was built by order of her late Majesty. It has three arched -doors, and the middle part which projects forward, is adorned with a -kind of ruinous angular pediment; the stones of the whole edifice appear -as if rudely laid together, and the venerable look of the whole is -improved by the thickness of the solemn grove behind, and the little -turret on the top with a bell, to which you may ascend by a winding -walk. The inside is in the form of an octagon with niches, in which are -the busts of the following truly great men, who by their writings were -an honour not only to their country, but to human nature. The first on -the right hand is the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton, and next to him the -justly celebrated Mr. John Locke. The first on the left hand is Mr. -Woolaston, the author of The Religion of Nature displayed; next to him -is the reverend and learned Dr. Samuel Clarke, and in a kind of alcove -is the truly honourable Mr. Robert Boyle. - -Leaving this seat of contemplation, you pass through fields cloathed -with grass; through corn fields, and a wild ground interspersed with -broom and furze, which afford excellent shelter for hares and pheasants, -and here there are great numbers of the latter very tame. From this -pleasing variety, in which nature appears in all her forms of -cultivation and barren wildness, you come to an amphitheatre formed by -young elms, and a diagonal wilderness, through which you pass to the -forest walk, which extends about half a mile, and then passing through a -small wilderness, you leave the gardens. - -At the extremity of the garden on the north east, is another house that -belonged to her Majesty, and near it the house of his late Royal -Highness Frederic Prince of Wales, which is on the inside adorned with -stucco. Opposite the Prince’s house is the Princess Amelia’s, built by a -Dutch architect, the outside of which is painted. - -To the west of the gardens are seen the fine houses of several of the -nobility and gentry, particularly the Lady Buckworth’s, and Mr. -Geoffrey’s, and extending the view across the Thames, there appears -Isleworth. - -But to return to the village of Richmond. The Green is extremely -pleasant, it being levelled and enclosed in a handsome manner; it is -also surrounded with lofty elms, and adorned on each side with the -houses of persons of distinction. A sun dial is here affixed in a pretty -taste, encompassed with seats: this, and the railing in of the Green, -were at the sole charge of her late Majesty. - -Among the pretty seats on this spacious Green, is a handsome edifice -that formerly belonged to Sir Charles Hedges, and since to Sir Matthew -Decker, in the gardens of which is said to be the longest and highest -hedge of holly that was ever seen, with several other hedges of -evergreens; there are here also vistas cut through woods, grottos, -fountains, a fine canal, a decoy, summer house and stove houses, in -which the anana, or pine-apple, was first brought to maturity in this -kingdom. - -On the north east side of the Green is a fine house, which belonged to -the late Mr. Heydigger, and a little beyond it that of the Duke of -Cumberland; passing by which, you come to a small park belonging to his -Majesty, well stocked with deer, and opposite to it is the entrance into -the gardens. - -The town runs up the hill above a mile from the village of East Shene, -to the New Park, with the royal gardens sloping all the way towards the -Thames; whose tide reaches to this village, though it is sixty miles -from the sea; which is a greater distance than the tide is carried by -any other river in Europe. - -On the ascent of the hill are wells of a purging mineral water, -frequented during the summer by a great deal of good company. On the top -there is a most extensive and beautiful prospect of the country, -interspersed with villages and inclosures; the Thames is seen running -beneath, and the landscape is improved by the many fine seats that are -scattered along its banks. - -There is here an almshouse built by Dr. Duppa, Bishop of Winchester in -the reign of King Charles II. for the support of ten poor widows, -pursuant to a vow made by that Prelate during that Prince’s exile. There -is another almshouse endowed with above 100_l._ a year, which, since its -foundation, has been considerably increased by John Mitchell, Esq; Here -are also two charity schools, one for fifty boys, and the other for -fifty girls. - -New Park, in Surry, is situated between Kingston and Richmond. This is -one of the best parks in England; it was made in the reign of King -Charles I. and inclosed with a brick wall, said to be eleven miles in -compass. In this park there is a little hill cast up, called King -Henry’s Mount, from which is a prospect of six counties, with a distant -view of the city of London, and of Windsor Castle. - -The new lodge in this park, built by the late Sir Robert Walpole Earl of -Orford, is a very elegant edifice. It is built of stone in a square -form, with wings on each side of brick. It stands on a rising ground, -and commands a very good prospect of the park, especially of that fine -piece of water which is in it, and which might be enlarged and brought -across the vista which is in the front of the house, through a wood. -This park is the largest of any within the environs of London, except -that of Windsor, and the finest too; for though it has little more than -a wild variety of natural beauties to shew, yet these are such as cannot -fail to please those who are as much delighted with views in their -rudest appearance, as in all the elegance of art and design. The -Princess Amelia resides in the old lodge; the new lodge is not -inhabited. - -RICHMOND _buildings_, Dean street, Soho.† - -RICHMOND’S _Almshouse_, in Goose alley, Sea coal lane, was erected by the -company of Armourers, in the year 1559, pursuant to the will of Mr. John -Richmond, for eight poor old men and women, who, according to the -discretion of the company, receive from five to fifteen shillings _per -annum_ each. _Maitland._ - -RICHMOND _street_, 1. Old Soho.† 2. Prince’s street, Soho.† - -RICKINGTON’S _court_, Coleman street.† - -RICKMAN’S _rents_, Narrow street, Limehouse.† - -RICKMANSWORTH, a town in Hertfordshire, 22 miles from London, is situated -in a low moorish soil on the borders of Buckinghamshire, near the river -Coln. It has a market on Saturday, and is governed by a Constable and -two Headboroughs. The several mills on the streams near this town cause -a great quantity of wheat to be brought to it. Here is a charity school -for twenty boys and ten girls, with an almshouse for five widows, and -another for four. In the neighbourhood is a warren hill, where the sound -of the trumpet is repeated twelve times by the echo. - -RIDER’S _court_, 1. Little Newport street.† 2. Rider’s street.† - -RIDER’S _street_, St. James’s street, Westminster.† - -RIDER’S _yard_, Kent street, Southwark.† - -RISEBY’S _walk_, Limehouse.† - -RISING SUN _alley_, St. John’s street, Smithfield.* - -RISING SUN _court_, St. John’s street, Smithfield.* - -RISING SUN _passage_, Clement’s lane.* - -RIVERS _street_, Savage Gardens; so called from the Lord Savage, Earl -Rivers. - -ROBERT’S _dock_, Rotherhith Wall.† - -ROBERT’S _rents_, Brick lane.† - -ROBIN HOOD _alley_, Blackman street, Southwark.* - -ROBIN HOOD _court_, 1. Bell alley.* 2. Bow lane, Cheapside.* 3. Grub -street, Fore street* 4. Near Morgan’s lane.* 5. Shoe lane.* 6. In the -Strand.* 7. Thames street.* 8. Tooley street, Southwark.* - -ROBIN HOOD _lane_, Poplar.* - -ROBIN HOOD _yard_, 1. Charles street.* 2. Leather lane.* - -ROBINSON’S _yard_, Friday street, Cheapside.† - -ROCHESTER _row_, Tothill fields. - -ROCHESTER _yard_, 1. Dirty lane. 2. Stony street. - -ROEBUCK _alley_, Turnmill street.* - -ROEHAMPTON, in Surry, is situated between Putney Heath and East Shene, and -is one of the pleasantest villages near London, having many fine houses -of merchants scattered about, so as not to resemble a street or regular -town. - -ROGERS’S _Almshouse_, in Hart street, near Cripplegate, was erected by the -Lord Mayor and citizens of London, in the year 1612, pursuant to the -will of Mr. Robert Rogers, citizen and leatherseller, for six poor men -and their wives, who have an annual allowance of 4_l._ each couple. -_Maitland._ - -ROGUES WELL, Stepney fields. - -ROLLS OFFICE AND CHAPEL, in Chancery lane, a house founded by King Henry -III. in the place where stood a Jew’s house forfeited to that Prince in -the year 1233. In this chapel all such Jews and infidels as were -converted to the Christian faith, were ordained, and in the buildings -belonging to it, were appointed a sufficient maintenance: by which means -a great number of converts were baptized, instructed in the doctrines of -Christianity, and lived under a learned Christian appointed to govern -them: but in the year 1290, all the Jews being banished, the number of -converts decreased, and in the year 1377, the house with its chapel was -annexed by patent to the Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery. - -The chapel, which is of brick, pebbles and some freestone, is sixty feet -long, and thirty-three in breadth; the doors and windows are Gothic, and -the roof covered with slate. In this chapel the rolls are kept in -presses fixed to the sides, and ornamented with columns and pilasters of -the Ionic and Composite orders. - -These rolls contain all the records, as charters, patents, &c. since the -beginning of the reign of Richard III. those before that time being -deposited in the Record Office in the Tower: and these being made up in -rolls of parchment gave occasion to the name. - -At the north west angle of this chapel is a bench, where the Master of -the Rolls hears causes in Chancery. And attendance is daily given in -this chapel from ten o’clock till twelve, for taking in and paying out -money, according to order of court, and for giving an opportunity to -those who come for that purpose to search the rolls. - -The Minister of the chapel is appointed by the Master of the Rolls, and -divine service is performed there on Sundays and holidays at about -eleven and three. - -On the walls are several old monuments, particularly at the East end is -that of Dr. Young Master of the Rolls, who died in the year 1516. In a -well wrought stone coffin lies the effigies of Dr. Young, in a scarlet -gown; his hands lie across upon his breast, and a cap with corners -covers his ears. On the wall just above him, our Saviour is looking down -upon him, his head and shoulders appearing out of the clouds, -accompanied by two angels. - -The office of the Rolls is under the government of the Master of the -Rolls, whose house is by the chapel, and has been lately rebuilt in a -handsome manner at the public expence. - -The place of Master of the Rolls is an office of great dignity, and is -in the gift of the King, either for life, or during pleasure. He is -always the principal Master in Chancery, and has in his gift the offices -of the Six Clerks in Chancery; of the Two Examiners of the same court, -and of the Clerk of the Chapel of the Rolls, who acts immediately under -him in that office. He has several revenues belonging to the office of -the Rolls, and by act of Parliament receives a salary of 1200_l._ _per -annum_ out of the hanaper. _Stowe._ _Maitland._ _Chamberlain’s Present -State._ - -ROLLS _buildings_, Fetter lane; so called from their belonging to the -Rolls office. - -ROLLS LIBERTY, a small district out of the government of the city. It -begins at the corner of Cursitor’s alley, next to Chancery lane, taking -in the south side to the Rose tavern, where it crosses into White’s -alley, which it takes all in except two or three houses on each side, -next to Fetter lane; and there it crosses into the Rolls garden, which -it likewise takes in; and from thence running into Chancery lane, by -Serjeant’s Inn, extends into Jack-a-napes lane, about the middle of -which it crosses into Pope’s Head court, which it takes all in, as it -does the east side of Bell yard, almost to the end next Temple Bar, -except a few houses on the back side of Crown court, which is in the -city liberty; and then crossing Bell yard, near Temple Bar, runs cross -the houses into Sheer lane, taking in all the east side; and again -crossing over to Lincoln’s Inn New Court, runs up to the pump by the -iron rails, where it crosses over into Chancery lane, and thence to the -corner of Cursitor’s alley. _Stowe._ - -ROOD _lane_, Fenchurch street; thus named from a holy rood or cross there. - -ROOMLAND _lane_, Thames street. - -ROPEMAKERS _alley_, Little Moorfields. - -ROPEMAKERS _field_, Limehouse. - -ROPER _lane_, Crucifix lane, Barnaby street, Southwark. - -ROPE _walk_, 1. Near Cut throat lane, Upper Shadwell. 2. Near Elm row, Sun -tavern fields. 3. Goswell street. 4. St. John street, Smithfield. 5. -King David’s lane. 6. Knockfergus, near Rosemary lane. 7. Near -Nightingale lane. 8. Petticoat lane. 9. Rotherhith. 10. Near Shad -Thames. 11. Sun tavern fields. 12. Near Whitechapel. - -ROSE _alley_, 1. Bank side, Southwark.* 2. Bishopsgate street without.* 3. -East Smithfield.* 4. Fleet lane, Fleet market.* 5. Golden lane, -Barbican.* 6. High Holborn.* 7. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 8. -Rose street, Long Acre.* 9. Saffron hill.* 10. Shoreditch.* 11. -Sugarbaker’s lane, Duke’s Place.* 12. Tooley street, Southwark.* 13. -Turnmill street.* 14. Widegate alley, Bishopsgate street without.* - -ROSE AND BALL _court_, Addle hill, by Great Carter lane.* - -ROSE AND CROWN _alley_, near Whitechapel.* - -ROSE AND CROWN _court_, 1. Church lane.* 2. St. Catharine’s lane.* 3. Cock -lane, Shoreditch.* 4. Fashion street, Artillery lane, Spitalfields.* 5. -Foster lane, Cheapside.* 6. Gray’s Inn lane.* 7. Holiwell street.* 8. -Houndsditch.* 9. Moorfields.* 10. Rosemary lane.* 11. Shoe lane, Fleet -street.* 12. Sutton street.* 13. Whitechapel.* - -ROSE AND CROWN _yard_, 1. St. Giles’s street.* 2. King street, St. James’s -square.* 3. Long alley, Moorfields.* 4. Rotherhith.* - -ROSE AND RAINBOW _court_, Aldersgate street.* - -ROSE _court_, 1. Aldermanbury.* 2. Beer lane, Tower street.* 3. -Bishopsgate street.* 4. Goddard’s rents.* 5. Rochester street.* 6. -Thieving lane.* 7. Tower street.* 8. Bow lane.* 9. Wheeler street.* - -ROSE _lane_, 1. Spitalfields.* 2. Whitehorse street.* - -ROSE _street_, 1. Brick lane.* 2. Gravel lane.* 3. Hog lane, Shoreditch.* -4. Long Acre.* 5. St. Martin’s lane.* 6. Newgate street.* 7. Newport -market.* 8. Spitalfields.* - -ROSE _yard_, 1. Catharine wheel alley.* 2. Newington Butts.* 3. Whitehorse -street.* - -ROSEMARY BRANCH _alley_, Rosemary lane.* - -ROSEMARY _lane_, extends from the bottom of the Minories to Wellclose -square, and is chiefly taken up with old cloaths shops. - -ROSEWELL’S _court_, Great White Lion street, Seven Dials.† - -ROSEWELL’S _yard_, Barnaby street, Southwark.† - -ROTHERHITH, vulgarly called Rederiff, was anciently a village on the south -east of London, though it is now joined to Southwark, and as it is -situated along the south bank of the Thames, is chiefly inhabited by -masters of ships, and other seafaring people. - -ROTHERHITH _School_ was founded in the year 1612, by Mr. Peter Hills and -Mr. Robert Bell, who endowed it with 3_l._ a year, for the education of -eight poor seamens children. _Maitland._ - -ROTHERHITH _wall_, Jacob street, Rotherhith. - -ROTHERHITH WATER WORKS, situated at the upper end of Rotherhith Wall, and -the lower end of Mill street, where the engine is wrought by water from -the river Thames, which being brought in by the tide is contained in the -canals in the neighbouring streets. By this engine a sufficient quantity -of water is raised to supply two main pipes of a six inch bore, whereby -the neighbourhood is plentifully supplied with Thames water. - -ROTTEN _row_, Goswell street. - -ROUND _court_, 1. Black Friars. 2. Black Lion yard. 3. Blue Boar’s Head -court, Barbican. 4. Butler’s alley. 5. Jewin street. 6. St. Martin’s le -Grand. 7. Moses and Aaron alley, Whitechapel. 8. Old Bethlem. 9. Onslow -street, Vine street, Hatton Wall. 10. Sharp’s alley, Cow Cross. 11. In -the Strand. - -ROUND ABOUT _alley_, Wapping dock. - -ROUND HOOP _court_, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* - -ROYAL EXCHANGE, Cornhill. This edifice, which is dedicated to the service -of commerce, was founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, a merchant distinguished -by his abilities and great success in trade, who proposed, that if the -city would prepare a proper spot, he would erect the building at his own -expence. This proposal was accepted by the Lord Mayor and citizens, who -purchased some houses between Cornhill and Threadneedle street, and -having caused them to be pulled down and cleared away, the foundation of -the new building was laid on the 7th of June 1566, and carried on with -such expedition, that it was finished in November 1567. - -This edifice was called the Bourse, but it soon after changed its name; -for on the 23d of January 1570, Queen Elizabeth, attended by a great -number of the nobility, came from Somerset house, her palace in the -Strand, and passing through Threadneedle street, dined with Sir Thomas -Gresham at his house in Bishopsgate street, and after dinner returning -through Cornhill, entered the Bourse on the south side, where having -viewed every part except the vaults, especially the gallery above -stairs, which extended round the whole building, and was furnished with -shops, in which were sold all sorts of the finest wares in the city, her -Majesty caused this edifice to be proclaimed in her presence, by a -herald and trumpet, _The Royal Exchange_. - -Sir Thomas Gresham, at his death, left the building to his Lady, and -after her decease to the Lord Mayor and citizens, and to the Mercers -company, directing the rents to support, under their inspection, -lectures on the sciences, at his dwelling house, now Gresham College, -and some charities to the prisons. - -The original building stood till the fire of London in 1666, when it -perished amidst the general havoc: but it soon arose with greater -splendor than before. The model of the present structure was first shewn -to King Charles II. who was well pleased with it, it was however debated -whether they should build after that model or not; for fear of launching -out into too great an expence: but the majority desiring to have it a -magnificent structure, and imagining, that the shops above and below -stairs would in time reimburse them, had the present edifice erected at -the expence of 80,000_l._ - -The ground plat of this building is 203 feet in length; 171 feet in -breadth, and the area in the middle is 61 square perches. This area is -surrounded with a substantial and regular stone building, wrought in -rustic. In each of the principal fronts is a piazza, and in the center -are the grand entrances into the area, under an arch which is extremely -lofty and noble; on each side that of the principal front which is in -Cornhill, are Corinthian demi-columns supporting a compass pediment; and -in the intercolumniation on each side, in the front next the street, is -a niche with the figures of King Charles I. and his son Charles II. in -Roman habits, and well executed. Over the aperture on the cornice -between the two pediments are the King’s arms in relievo. On each side -of this entrance is a range of windows placed between demi-columns and -pilasters of the Composite order, above which runs a balustrade. The -height of the building is fifty-six feet, and from the center of this -side rises a lantern and turret, 178 feet high, on the top of which is a -fane in the form of a grasshopper of polished brass, esteemed a very -fine piece of workmanship: a grasshopper being the crest of Sir Thomas -Gresham’s arms. - -The north front of the Royal Exchange is adorned with pilasters of the -Composite order, but has neither columns nor statues on the outside, and -instead of the two compass pediments has a triangular one. - -Within the piazzas of these two fronts are two spacious stair cases with -iron rails, and black marble steps; these lead into a kind of gallery -that extends round the four sides of the building, and in which were -about two hundred shops, that have been let from 20_l._ to 60_l._ a year -each; and a very considerable trade was carried on here; but it has long -declined, and all the shops are deserted. - -One side of this gallery is employed as auction rooms for furniture, and -in other apartments above stairs are the Royal Exchange Assurance -office, &c. and in the vaults are the pepper warehouse of the East India -company. - -The inside of the area is surrounded with piazzas like those of the -south and north fronts; forming ambulatories for the merchants to -shelter themselves from the weather. Above the arches of these piazzas -is an entablature with curious enrichments; and on the cornice a range -of pilasters with an entablature extending round, and a compass pediment -in the middle of the cornice of each of the four sides. Under that on -the north are the King’s arms; on the south those of the city; on the -east those of Sir Thomas Gresham; and under the pediment on the west -side the arms of the company of Mercers, with their respective -enrichments. - -In these intercolumns are twenty-four niches, nineteen of which are -filled with the statues of the Kings and Queens of England, standing -erect, drafted in their robes and with their regalia, except the statues -of Charles II. and George II. which are dressed like the Cæsars. - -These statues are, on the south side; Edward I. Edward III. Henry V. -Henry VI. On the west side, Edward IV. Edward V. with the crown hanging -over his head; Henry VII. and Henry VIII. On the north side, Edward VI. -Mary, Elizabeth, James I. Charles I. Charles II. and James II. And on -the east side are William and Mary in one niche, Queen Anne, George I. -and George II. All these statues were painted and gilt, by a voluntary -subscription, in the year 1754. - -The four niches that are vacant, are those where Edward II. Richard II. -Henry IV. and Richard III. should have been: upon which Maitland says, -that hence it seems that the city had no mind to shew any respect to the -said Kings, two of whom took away their charters, and the other two were -usurpers. But why Henry IV. should be excluded as an usurper, and his -brave son Henry V. and Henry VI. be placed there, who only enjoyed the -crown in consequence of his usurpation, is not easily accounted for. -Richard III. was indeed a monster of cruelty: but Mary was no less -cruel, and yet a statue is here erected to her honour. Though Edward II. -and Richard II. took away the charter of the city, King Charles II. did -so too, and yet has three statues at the Royal Exchange; and his brother -James II. who has also a statue, followed his brother’s steps, and not -only humbled the city, but caused an Alderman to be hanged at his own -door, without being allowed on his trial the time necessary to send for -his witnesses. - -Under the piazzas within the Exchange are twenty-eight niches, all -vacant except two; one in the north west angle, where is the statue of -Sir Thomas Gresham, and another at the south west, of Sir John Barnard, -who is perhaps the only citizen of London, that has had the honour of -having his statue erected in his life-time merely on account of his -merit. - -In short, in the center of the area is erected, on a marble pedestal -about eight feet high, another statue of King Charles II. in a Roman -habit, executed by Mr. Gibbon, and encompassed with iron rails. On the -south side of the pedestal, under an imperial crown, a scepter, sword, -palm branches, and other decorations, is the following inscription: - - - Carolo II. Cæsari Britannico, - Patriæ Patri, - Regum Optimo, Clementissimo, Augustissimo, - Generis Humani Deliciis, - Utriusque Fortunæ Victori, - Pacis Europæ Arbitro, - Marium Domino ac Vindici, - Societas Mercatorum Adventur. Angliæ, - Quæ per CCCC jam prope Annos - Regia benignitate floret, - Fidei intemeratæ & Gratitudinis æternæ, - Hoc Testimonium - Venerabunda posuit, - Anno Salutis Humanæ M. DC. LXXXIV. - - -On the west side of this pedestal, is cut in relievo, a Cupid resting -his right hand on a shield, containing the arms of France and England -quartered, and holding in his left a rose. - -On the north side are the arms of Ireland on a shield, supported by a -Cupid. - -On the south side is the following inscription on the base of the -pedestal: - - - ‘This statue was repaired and beautified by the company of Merchant - Adventurers of England, _anno_ 1730; John Hanbury, Esq; Governor.’ - - -On the east side are the arms of Scotland, with a Cupid holding a -thistle. All done in relievo. - -In the area on the inside of the Royal Exchange, merchants meet every -day at twelve at noon, and a prodigious concourse of those of all -nations continue there till two, in order to transact business; but soon -after that hour the gates are shut up, and not opened again till four. -For the readier dispatch of business, and that every particular merchant -may be easily found, they are disposed in separated classes, each of -which have their particular station, called their walk, as may be seen -at one view by the following plan, by attending to which any merchant -may easily be found. - - -[Illustration: - - NORTH. - Threadneedle Street. - - _East Country Walk_ - - _Hamburgh Walk_ - - _Irish Walk_ - - _Scotch Walk_ - - _Dutch & Jewellers_ - - _Silkmans Walk_ - - _Norway Walk_ - - _Clothiers Walk_ - - _Salters Walk_ - - _Walk_ - - _Grocers & Druggists Walk_ - - _Turkey Walk_ - - _Brokers of Stock & Walk_ - - WEST. Castle Alley. - - _Italian Walk_ - - EAST. - Sweetings Alley. - - _Canary Walk_ - - _East Indies Walk_ - - _Barbadoes Walk_ - - _French Walk_ - - _Portugal_ - - _Jamaica Walk_ - - _Armenian_ - - _Virginia Walk_ - - _Spanish Walk_ - - _Jews Walk_ - - Cornhill. - SOUTH. -] - - -[Illustration: - - _Front of the Royal Exchange._ - _S. Wale delin._ _J. Green sc. Oxon._ -] - - -The Royal Exchange, without critical examination, has something grand in -it, and the entrance would certainly appear to more advantage if it were -not incumbered with a parcel of little shops. The arcade or walks within -the quadrangle have something noble, but the upper part is in a very bad -taste. The statue of King Charles II. in the middle of the area is a -good one. The other statues in the several niches have been lately new -painted and gilt in parts. The painting is no doubt very necessary for -their preservation, but it were to be wished the gilding of them had -been omitted, as it must give foreigners of judgment (and such sometimes -frequent this place) a contemptible opinion of our taste. The two -statues, one on each side the gate, of King Charles I. and II. are -particularly good. The clock tower or steeple with Gothic windows is -unpardonable, and the cornices at their angles are so broke, as to -appear very disgustful to an architect. - -ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE OFFICE, for assuring houses and other buildings, -goods, wares and merchandize from fire. This corporation was established -by act of Parliament, at the same time with that of the London -Assurance, when it was enacted, that such as should be admitted members -of these corporations, should be each a distinct and separate body -politic, for the assurance of goods, ships and merchandize at sea, or -for lending money upon bottomry. - -That no other society should insure ships, or lend money on bottomry for -the future; though any private person might do it as usual. - -And that each of these corporations, in consideration of the many -benefits that might accrue to them by their charters, should pay the sum -of 300,000_l._ into his Majesty’s Exchequer, for discharging the debts -of the civil list. - -These corporations however met with so little encouragement at first, -that Maitland says, the crown was obliged to remit most part of the -money. - -By a second charter granted to this corporation, they are impowered not -only to insure ships, but houses, goods and lives. _Maitland._ - -This society therefore, by this last mentioned charter, assure all -buildings, household furniture, wearing apparel by special agreement, -and goods, wares, and merchandize, the property of the assured, except -glass and china ware not in trade, and all manner of writings, books of -accompts, notes, bills, bonds, tallies, ready money, jewels, plate, -pictures, gunpowder, hay, straw, and corn unthreshed, from loss or -damage by fire, upon the following conditions. - -I. All manner of stone and brick buildings, covered with slate, tile, or -lead, wherein no hazardous trades are carried on, nor any hazardous -goods deposited, are considered as Common Assurances, and are assured -upon these terms: any sum above 100_l._ and not exceeding 1000_l._ at -2_s._ _per cent. per annum_; any sum above 1000_l._ and not exceeding -3000_l._ at 2_s._ 6_d._ _per cent. per annum_. - -II. To accommodate those who are desirous of being assured for a term of -years, this corporation will assure on such buildings or goods, any sum -not exceeding 1000_l._ at the rate of 12_s._ _per cent._ for seven -years, and as far as 2000_l._ at the rate of 14_s._ _per cent._ without -subjecting the assured to any calls or contributions to make good -losses. - -III. Assurances on buildings and goods, are deemed distinct and separate -adventures; so that the premium on goods is not advanced by reason of -any assurance on the building wherein the goods are kept, nor the -premium on the building by reason of any assurance on the goods. - -IV. Plaister or timber buildings covered with lead, tile, or slate, -wherein no hazardous trades are carried on, nor any hazardous goods -deposited; and goods or merchandize not hazardous in such buildings, are -termed Hazardous Assurances, and insured upon the following terms: any -sum above 100_l._ and not exceeding 1000_l._ at 3_s._ _per cent. per -annum_: any sum above 1000_l._ and not exceeding 2000_l._ at 4_s._ _per -cent. per annum_: and any sum above 2000_l._ and not exceeding 3000_l._ -at 5_s._ _per cent. per annum_. - -V. Hazardous trades, such as apothecaries, colourmen, bread and bisket -bakers, ship and tallow chandlers, innholders and stable-keepers, -carried on in brick or stone buildings, covered with slate, tile, or -lead; and hazardous goods, such as hemp, flax, pitch, tar, tallow, and -turpentine, deposited in such buildings, may be assured at the annual -premiums, set down under the head of Hazardous Assurances, in the above -article. - -VI. Any of the above hazardous trades carried on, or hazardous goods -deposited in timber or plaister buildings; earthen, glass, or china ware -in trade, and thatched buildings, or goods therein, are termed Doubly -Hazardous Assurances, and may be assured on the following premiums: any -sum above 100_l._ and not exceeding 1000_l._ at 5_s._ _per cent. per -annum_: and any sum above 1000_l._ and not exceeding 3000_l._ at 7_s._ -6_d._ _per cent. per annum_. - -VII. Assurances of mills, wearing apparel, and assurances to chemists, -distillers, and sugar-bakers, or any other assurances more than -ordinarily hazardous, by reason of the trade, nature of the goods, -narrowness of the place, or other dangerous circumstances, may be made -by special agreement. - -VIII. Two dwelling houses, or any one dwelling house, and the out-houses -thereunto belonging, or any one dwelling house, and goods therein, may -be included in the sum of 100_l._ But when several buildings, or -buildings and goods are assured in the same policy, the sum assured on -each is to be particularly mentioned. - -IX. To prevent frauds, if any buildings or goods assured by this -corporation, are, or shall be assured with any other corporation or -society, the policy granted by this corporation is to be null and void, -unless such other assurance is allowed by endorsement on the policy. - -X. Every person upon application to be assured with this company, is to -deposite 8_s._ 6_d._ for the policy and mark, which 8_s._ 6_d._ is to be -returned, if the assurance proposed is not agreed to. No policy is to be -of any force, till the premium for one year is paid. And for all -subsequent annual payments made at the office, the assured are to take -receipts, stamped with the seal of the corporation, no other being -allowed of. - -XI. No policy is to be extended, or construed to extend to the assurance -of any hazardous buildings or goods, unless they are expressly mentioned -in the policy, and the respective premium for such assurances be paid -for the same. - -XII. No loss or damage by fire happening by any invasion, foreign enemy, -or any military or usurped power whatsoever, is to be made good. - -XIII. All persons assured by this corporation, are, upon any loss or -damage by fire, forthwith to give notice thereof by letter or otherwise, -to the Directors or Secretary, at their office in the Royal Exchange, -London; and within fifteen days after such fire, deliver in as -particular an account of their loss or damage, as the nature of the case -will admit of, and make proof of the same, by the oath or affirmation of -themselves, and their domestics, or servants, and by their books of -accompts, or other proper vouchers, as shall be required; and also to -procure a certificate under the hands of the Minister and -Church-wardens, together with some other reputable inhabitants of the -parish, not concerned in such loss, importing, that they are well -acquainted with the character and circumstances of the sufferer or -sufferers; and do know, or verily believe, that he, she, or they, have -really and by misfortune, sustained by such fire, the loss and damage -therein mentioned. And in case any difference shall arise between the -corporation and the assured, touching any loss or damage, such -difference shall be submitted to the judgment and determination of -arbitrators indifferently chosen, whose award in writing shall be -conclusive and binding to all parties. And when any loss or damage is -settled and adjusted, the sufferer or sufferers are to receive immediate -satisfaction for the same. - -In adjusting losses on houses, no wainscot, painting, sculpture, or -carved work, is to be valued at more than three shillings _per_ yard. - -Any larger sum, and some of the goods excepted in the preamble, may be -assured by special agreement. - -For the timely assistance of such as are assured, this corporation has -several engines and men, with proper instruments to extinguish fires, -and also porters for removing goods, each of whom has a badge, upon -which is the figure of the Royal Exchange, and the badges are all -numbered; of which all persons are desired to take notice who intrust -them with goods, or have any complaint to make. The same figure is fixed -on buildings assured by this corporation. - -The Royal Exchange Assurance office is under the management of a -Governor, Sub-Governor, Deputy-Governor, and twenty-four Directors; -besides whom there are a Treasurer, a Secretary, an Accomptant, and -several Clerks. - -ROYAL MEWS. See the article MEWS. - -ROYAL OAK _alley_, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Ratcliff. - -ROYAL OAK _court_, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* 2. Parker’s lane, Drury -lane.* 3. Peak street, Swallow street.* - -ROYAL OAK _yard_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Hockley in the Hole.* -3. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* - -ROYAL _row_, 1. Lambeth marsh. 2. Near Windmill hill. - -ROYAL’S _court_, Horselydown lane, Southwark. - -ROYAL SOCIETY, in Crane court, Fleet street. This society, which took its -rise from a private society of learned and ingenious men, was founded -for the improvement of natural knowledge. The honourable Robert Boyle, -Sir William Petty, Dr. Seth Ward, Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Wallis, Dr. Goddard, -Dr. Willis, Dr. Bathurst, and Dr. Wren, together with Mr. Matthew Wren -and Mr. Rook, frequently met in the apartments of Dr. Wilkins, in Wadham -College, at Oxford, to discourse on philosophical subjects; and there -the learned productions of these gentlemen, not only eminently -distinguished that society at home, but also rendered it highly revered -by the _literati_ abroad. - -The meetings of these _literati_, which began about the year 1650, -continued at Oxford till 1658, when the members being called to -different parts of the kingdom, on account of their respective -functions; and the majority coming to this city, they constantly -attended the astronomical and geometrical lectures at Gresham college, -where, being joined by several persons of the greatest learning and -distinction, they continued to meet there once or twice a week, till the -death of Oliver Cromwell: when anarchy succeeding, they were obliged to -quit their place of meeting, on account of its being converted into -military quarters for the reception of soldiers. - -However, the storm being soon after allayed by the restoration of King -Charles II. the society began to resume their meetings, and for the more -effectually carrying them on, entered into an obligation to pay each one -shilling a week, towards the defraying of occasional charges. - -From these small beginnings, this society soon arose to be one of the -most celebrated in all Europe: for their design being favoured by some -ingenious men who had followed the King in his exile, his Majesty -granted them a charter, dated the 15th of July 1662, and then a second -charter, dated the 22d of April 1663, whereby they were denominated, -_The Royal Society_, and made a corporation, to consist of a President, -Council, and Fellows, for promoting natural knowledge and useful arts, -by experiments; in this charter his Majesty declared himself their -founder and patron, giving them power to make laws for the government of -themselves; to purchase lands and houses; to have a common seal, and a -coat of arms. - -No sooner was this Royal Society thus incorporated by King Charles II. -than that Prince made them a present of a fine silver mace gilt, to be -carried before the President; and as a farther mark of favour, their -royal patron, by his letters patent of the 8th of April 1667, gave them -Chelsea college with its appurtenances, and twenty-six or twenty-seven -acres of land surrounding it. But afterwards the society neglecting to -convert a part of it into a physic garden, as was intended, and the King -being resolved to erect an hospital for old and maimed soldiers, thought -no place more proper for such a design than this college; he therefore -purchased it again of them for a considerable sum. - -A little before the society received these letters patent from his -Majesty, the honourable Henry Howard, afterwards Duke of Norfolk, made -them a present of a very valuable library, on the 2d of January 1666. - -This collection was part of the royal library belonging to the Kings of -Hungary, originally kept at the city of Buda. Upon the decease of -Matthias Corvinus, the last King of the Hungarian race, it was disposed -of, and about two thirds of the books were bought by the Emperor, and -are now in the imperial library at Vienna: the remaining part coming to -Bilibaldus Perkeymherus of Nuremberg, it was purchased of him by the -Earl of Arundel, on his return from his embassy to the imperial court. - -This fine collection consists of 3287 printed books in most languages -and faculties; chiefly the first editions soon after the invention of -printing; and a valuable collection of manuscripts in Hebrew, Greek, -Latin, and Turkish, amounting to 554 volumes, which, together with the -former, are thought to be of such value as not to be parallelled, for -the smallness of their number. - -The noble benefactor, at the time of his donation, desired that the -inscription of, _Ex dono Henrici Howard Norfolkciensis_, might be put in -each book: and that in case the society should happen to fail, the -library should revert to his family. This the society not only readily -complied with, but some years after caused the following inscription to -be set up in the library: - - - Bibliotheca Norfolciana. - - - Excellentissimus Princeps Henricus Howard, - Angliæ, Comes Arundeliæ, Suriæ, - Norfolciæ, & Norwici, &c. Heros, - propter familiæ antiquitatem, animi dotes, - corporis dignitatem, pene incomparabilis, - bibliothecam hanc instructissimam - (quæ hactenus Arundeliana appellabatur) - Regiæ Societati dono dedit, - & perpetuo sacram esse voluit. - Huic, - Pro eximia erga se liberalitate, Societas - Regia tabulam hanc, devotæ - Mentis testem, fixit; - Præside Josepho Williamson, - Equite Aurato. - A. D. M.DC.LXXIX. - - -Besides this Arundelian or Norfolk library, which takes up a large room, -another curious and valuable collection was left the society in the year -1715, by their Secretary Francis Aston, Esq; which together with the -numerous benefactions of the works of the learned members, in all -faculties, but more especially in natural and experimental philosophy, -amount to above 3600, and are placed in glass cases in another room. - -The museum belonging to the society, was founded by Daniel Colwall, Esq; -in the year 1677, who gave his excellent collection of natural and -artificial curiosities, which compose the greatest part of the catalogue -published in the year 1681, by Dr. Grew, under the title of _Museum -Regalis Societatis_. But these curiosities, by the generous benefactions -of other curious persons, are now increased to above six times the -number of those mentioned in the catalogue. - -Upon the society’s removal from Gresham college to their house in Crane -court, Richard Waller, Esq; one of the Secretaries, erected in the year -1711, at his own expence, the repository in the garden for the reception -of the above curiosities, which consist of the following species, viz. -human, quadrupedes, birds, eggs, nests, fishes, insects, reptiles, -woods, stalks and roots; fruits of all sorts; mosses, mushrooms, plants, -spunges, &c. animal and vegetable bodies petrified; corals, and other -marine productions; fossils, gems, stones, metals, antimony, mercury, -and other metallic bodies, salts, sulphurs, oils, and earths; -philosophical and mathematical instruments; Indian, American, and other -weapons, with a variety of apparel, &c. - -In short, by the above Royal and other benefactions, the admission -money, and annual contributions of the members, this society was at -length in so flourishing a condition, that they applied to his late -Majesty King George I. for an additional privilege to purchase in -mortmain 1000_l._ instead of 200_l._ _per annum_, which he was pleased -to grant by his letters patent, in 1725. Among the Fellows of this -society are his Majesty King George II. and many of the greatest Princes -in Europe. - -This learned body is governed by a President and Council, consisting of -twenty-one Fellows, distinguished by their rank and learning. - -The officers chosen from among the members, are, the President, who -calls and dissolves the meetings, proposes the subjects of consultation, -puts questions, calls for experiments, and admits the members that are -from time to time received into the society. - -The Treasurer, who receives and disburses all the money. - -The two Secretaries, who read all letters and informations; reply to all -addresses or letters from foreign parts, or at home; register all -experiments and conclusions, and publish what is ordered by the society. - -The Curators, who have the charge of making experiments, receive the -directions of the society, and at another meeting bring all to the test. - -Every person to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, must be -propounded and recommended at a meeting of the society, by three or more -members; who must then deliver to one of the Secretaries a paper signed -by themselves with their own names, specifying the name, addition, -profession, occupation, and chief qualifications; the inventions, -discoveries, works, writings, or other productions of the candidate for -election; as also notifying the usual place of his abode, and -recommending him on their own personal knowledge. A fair copy of which -paper, with the date of the day when delivered, shall be fixed up in the -common meeting room of the society, at ten several ordinary meetings, -before the said candidate shall be put to the ballot: but it shall be -free for every one of his Majesty’s subjects, who is a Peer, or the son -of a Peer, of Great Britain or Ireland, and for every one of his -Majesty’s Privy Council of either of the said kingdoms, and for every -foreign Prince or Ambassador, to be propounded by any single person, and -to be put to the ballot for election on the same day, there being -present a competent number for making elections. And at every such -ballot, unless two thirds at least of the members present give their -bills in favour of the candidate, he cannot be elected a Fellow of the -Royal Society; nor can any candidate be balloted for, unless twenty-one -members at the least be present. - -After a candidate has been elected, he may at that, or the next meeting -of the society, be introduced, and solemnly admitted by the President, -after having previously subscribed the obligation, whereby he promises, -“That he will endeavour to promote the good of the Royal Society of -London, for the improvement of natural knowledge.” - -When any one is admitted, he pays a fee of five guineas, and afterwards -13_s._ a quarter, as long as he continues a member, towards defraying -the expences of the society; and for the payment thereof he gives a -bond; but most of the members on their first admittance chuse to pay -down twenty guineas, which discharges them from any future payments. - -Any Fellow may however free himself from these obligations, by only -writing to the President, that he desires to withdraw from the society. - -When the President takes the chair, the rest of the Fellows take their -seats, and those who are not of the society withdraw: except any Baron -of England, Scotland, and Ireland, any person of a higher title, or any -of his Majesty’s Privy Council of any of his three kingdoms, and any -foreigner of eminent repute, may stay, with the allowance of the -President, for that time; and upon leave obtained of the President and -Fellows present, or the major part of them, any other person may be -permitted to stay for that time: but the name of every person thus -permitted to stay, that of the person who moved for him, and the -allowance, are to be entered in the journal book. - -The business of the society in their ordinary meetings, is, to order, -take account, consider and discourse of philosophical experiments and -observations; to read, hear, and discourse upon letters, reports, and -other papers, containing philosophical matters; as also to view and -discourse upon the rarities of nature and art, and to consider what may -be deduced from them, and how far they may be improved for use or -discovery. - -No experiment can be made at the charge of the society, but by order of -the society or council. And in order to the propounding and making -experiments for the society, the importance of such experiment is to be -considered with respect to the discovery of any truth, or to the use and -benefit of mankind. - -The Philosophical Transactions are printed at the charge of the society, -and the Clerk delivers _gratis_ one of the copies to every Fellow of the -Society who shall demand it, either in person, or by letter under the -hand of such Fellow, within one year after the Clerk has begun to -deliver such copies. - -If any Fellow of the society shall contemptuously or contumaciously -disobey the statutes or orders of the society; or shall by speaking, -writing, or printing, publicly defame the society, or maliciously do any -thing to the detriment thereof, he shall be ejected. - -The meetings of the Royal Society are on Thursdays, at five o’clock in -the afternoon. - -The members of the Council are elected out of the Fellows, upon the -feast of St. Andrew in the morning; when after the election they all -dine together. - -Eleven of the old council are chosen for the ensuing year; and ten are -elected out of the other members. Then the President, Treasurer, and -Secretary are elected out of these. But the same persons are usually -rechosen into these offices. - -ROYAL _vineyard_, St. James’s Park. - -RUG _row_, Cloth fair, Smithfield. - -RUMFORD, a town in Essex, 12 miles from London, and 5 from Burntwood, is a -very great thoroughfare, and is governed by a Bailiff and Wardens, who -are by patent impowered to hold a weekly court for the trial of -treasons, felonies, debts, &c. and to execute offenders. It has a market -on Mondays and Tuesdays for hogs and calves, and on Wednesday for corn, -all of which are chiefly bought up for the use of London. - -RUMMER _court_, Charing Cross. - -RUN-HORSE _yard_, David street, Grosvenor square.* - -RUPERT _street_, 1. Coventry street. 2. Goodman’s fields. - -RUSSEL _court_, 1. Blue Anchor alley, Rosemary lane.† 2. Cleveland row, -St. James’s.† 3. Drury lane.† 4. Ratcliff highway.† - -RUSSEL’S MILL _stairs_, Rotherhith.† - -RUSSEL _street_, Covent Garden; so called from the Duke of Bedford, upon -whose estate it is built. - -RUSSIA COMPANY, a body of merchants incorporated by letters patent, -granted by Queen Mary on the 6th of February 1555, by which they were -not only impowered to carry on an exclusive trade to all parts of the -Russian empire, but to all such countries as they should discover in -those northern parts. In consequence of this charter, they soon after -discovered the Cherry Islands, Greenland, Nova Zembla, Newfoundland, -Davis’s Streights, and Hudson’s Bay; and their first Governor was that -celebrated mariner Sebastian Cabot. - -In consideration of these valuable discoveries, their privileges were -confirmed by Parliament; and in the year 1614 enlarged by King James I. - -In the year 1742, the Russia company obtained leave of the present -Czarina Elizabeth, to trade with Persia thro’ Russia, and between the -years 1743 and 1749, Mr. Hanway observes, they imported raw silk to the -amount of 93,375_l._ value in Persia: but Mr. Elton, one of the -company’s agents, being employed by Kouli Khan, who then sat on the -Persian throne, to build some ships of force on the Caspian sea, the -Russians apprehended they should be disturbed by the Persians in their -navigation over that sea, and therefore put an end to the traffic of the -British Russia company through Russia to Persia. - -This company exports cloth of all sorts, both dressed and dyed; kersies, -baize, cottons, fustians, perpetuanoes, Norwich stuffs, lace, thread, -lead, tin, pewter, allum, copper, and most other sorts of English -commodities: and we import from thence, cordage, tar, tallow, potashes, -cable yarn, bees wax, linen cloth, isinglass, hides of several sorts, -both tanned and raw; hogs bristles, linseed, several sorts of rich -furrs, train oil, flax, hemp, caviare, stock fish, cod fish, salmon, &c. - -This company is under the management of a Governor, four Consuls, and -twenty-four Assistants, annually chosen on the 1st of March, who keep -their courts monthly, or as occasion requires, in a large room in the -Old East India house in Leadenhall street: but considered as a company, -their trade at present is not very considerable; it being carried on -chiefly by private merchants, who are admitted to reap the profit of -trading to Russia, on paying 5_l._ each. - -RUTLAND _court_, 1. Charterhouse square. 2. Glasshouse yard, Goswell -street. 3. Near Puddle dock, Thames street. - -RYCAUT’S _court_, Morgan’s lane.† - - -[Illustration] - - - - - S. - - -SACRIST of St. Paul’s cathedral, an officer who is assistant to the -Treasurer. He is to keep every thing in order belonging to the altar, -and to open the church doors at the first ringing of the bell for -morning and evening prayers. This officer when chosen by the Treasurer, -must be presented to the Dean for his approbation, by whom he is -admitted upon taking an oath to discharge his office with fidelity. - -The Sacrist has three servants under him, called Vergers, who also keep -servants for cleaning the church, tolling the bell, blowing the organ -bellows, and other servile business. _Newc. Rep._ - -SADLERS, a very ancient company, though it was not incorporated by letters -patent till the reign of Edward I. They are governed by a Prime and -three other Wardens, with eighteen Assistants, and have a livery of -seventy members, whose fine on their admission is 10_l._ They have a -very handsome hall in Cheapside. _Maitland._ - -SADLERS _alley_, Dorset street. - -SADLERS _court_, Milford lane. - -SAFFRON _hill_, 1. Field lane, at the bottom of Snow hill. 2. Hockley in -the Hole. - -SALISBURY _alley_, Chiswell street. - -SALISBURY _court_, Dorset street, Fleet street; so called from the Bishop -of Salisbury’s city mansion there; afterwards the Earl of Dorset’s. - -SALISBURY _lane_, Rotherhith Wall. - -SALISBURY _stairs_, Salisbury street, in the Strand. - -SALISBURY _street_, 1. Marigold street, Rotherhith Wall. 2. In the Strand; -so called from the Earl of Salisbury’s house, which formerly stood -there. - -SALISBURY _walk_, Chelsea road. - -SALMON’S _lane_, Ratcliff.† - -SALT OFFICE, in York Buildings, is under the government of five -Commissioners, each of whom has a salary of 500_l._ _per annum_. Under -these Commissioners are the following officers: a Treasurer, who has -430_l._ a year, for himself and three Clerks; he has also a Deputy: two -Billmen: a Comptroller, who has 350_l._ a year, with a Deputy and two -Clerks: the Comptroller’s Secretary has 200_l._ a year, and an -Assistant: an Accomptant General, who has 200_l._ _per annum_, and his -Clerk 40_l._ a year: a Correspondent, who has 100_l._ a year, and his -Clerk 60_l._ a Chief Accomptant and Clerk of Securities, who has 180_l._ -_per annum_: two Accomptants, who have 70_l._ a year each, a Clerk, who -has 60_l._ and another 40_l._ _per annum_: a Storekeeper and Clerk of -the charities and diaries, who has 60_l._ a year; a Collector of the -port of London, who has 60_l._ an Assistant Searcher 60_l._ and two -Surveyors who have 40_l._ a year each. - -Besides these, there are in this office an housekeeper who has 100_l._ a -year, and several other servants. - -SALTERS, one of the twelve principal companies, and the ninth in order of -precedency, is of considerable antiquity, since they had the grant of a -livery from Richard II. in the year 1394; but it does not appear that -they were incorporated before the first year of the reign of Queen -Elizabeth, in 1558. - -This company has a Master, two Wardens, twenty-seven Assistants, and a -livery of 190 members, who upon their being admitted, pay a fine of -20_l._ They have a very considerable estate, out of which they pay -500_l._ _per annum_ to charitable uses. Their hall, which is a plain -brick building, is situated in a neat court in Swithin’s lane. - -SALTERS _alley_, 1. Green bank, Wapping. 2. Nightingale lane. - -SALTERS _court_, Piccadilly. - -SALTERS HALL _court_, in Swithin’s lane, where is Salters hall, in which -is a handsome presbyterian meeting-house. - -SALTPETRE BANK, 1. East Smithfield, by Little Tower hill. 2. By Rosemary -lane. - -SALUTATION _court_, St. Giles’s Broadway.* - -SAMBROOK’S _court_, Old Broad street.† - -SAMBRUGH’S _court_, Basinghall street.† - -SAMSON’S _rents_, Green Walk.† - -SANDWICH _court_, Houndsditch.† - -SANDY’S _rents_, Coverley’s fields.† - -SANDY’S _street_, Widegate alley, Bishopsgate street without.† - -SARAH’S _street_, New Gravel lane. - -SARN _alley_, Rotherhith Wall.† - -SATCHELL’S _rents_, 1. Shoreditch.† 2. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.† - -SAVAGE _gardens_, Tower hill.† - -SAVAGE’S _court_, Widegate alley, Bishopsgate street.† - -SAVAGE’S _rents_, Black Friars.† - -SAVERY’S _alley_, Farmer’s street, Shadwell.† - -SAVILE _row_, near New Bond street.† - -_St._ SAVIOUR’S _Bermondsey_, a priory, and afterwards an abbey, founded -by Alwin Child, a citizen of London, in the year 1082, in the place now -denominated St. John’s court Bermondsey. - -This priory was not only confirmed by the charter of William Rufus, -together with all the benefactions belonging to it; but that Prince also -conferred upon the Prior and Monks the manor of Bermondsey, and erected -a handsome and spacious conventual church for their accommodation. This -priory, however, being an alien and a cell to one in France, it was -among other foreign foundations sequestered by Edward III. in the year -1371, who constituted Richard Denton, an Englishman, Prior thereof. - -This priory was in 1391 converted into an abbey; and at the general -suppression of monasteries in the year 1539 was surrendered to Henry -VIII. when being granted to Sir John Pope, he demolished the old abbey, -and erected in its room a stately edifice, which some time after came to -the Earls of Sussex. _Stow’s Survey._ - -_St._ SAVIOUR’S _dock_, vulgarly called _Savory dock_, in Rotherhith, took -its name from the above abbey, dedicated to the holy Saviour. -_Maitland._ - -_St._ SAVIOUR’S _Mill_, vulgarly called _Savory mill_, also belonged to -the above abbey, and was in the year 1536 let by the Abbot and Monks to -John Curlew, at the yearly rent of 6_l._ which was then the value of -eighteen quarters of good wheat; and he was also bound to grind all the -corn used in the abbey. - -In the place where this mill stood, is now an engine for raising water -to supply the neighbourhood. _Maitland._ - -_St._ SAVIOUR’S _School_, in St. Saviour’s church yard, Southwark, was -founded by the parish, for the education of boys in grammatical -learning, and confirmed by letters patent granted by Queen Elizabeth, so -early as the year 1562, and the fourth of her reign; by which six of the -vestry are for ever appointed Governors. - -To this school belong a Master and Usher, the former of whom has a -salary of 30_l._ and the latter 20_l._ _per annum_. - -_St._ SAVIOUR’S _Southwark_, or _St._ MARY OVERIES, a church of great -antiquity, situated to the south west of the bridge foot. In the place -where it stands, is said to have been anciently a priory of nuns founded -by one Mary a Virgin, the owner of a ferry over the river Thames, before -the building of London bridge. Some time after the priory was converted -into a college of Priests; but that establishment, as well as the -former, proving of no long duration, it was in the year 1106 founded by -two Norman Knights, and the Bishop of Winchester, for Canons regular, -and from its dedication to the Virgin Mary, and its situation, was -called St. Mary Overie, that is, St. Mary over the river. - -This edifice was destroyed by fire about the year 1207; but it being -soon after rebuilt, Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of Winchester, added to it -a spacious chapel, which he dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen; and this -being afterwards appointed for the use of the inhabitants, it at last -became their parish church. - -The monastery and church were rebuilt in the reigns of Richard II. and -Henry IV. but at the general suppression of religious houses were -surrendered to Henry VIII. in the year 1539; upon which the parishes of -St. Mary Magdalen, and St. Margaret, purchased the conventual church of -King Henry; and were the next year united by act of Parliament, and the -church being then repaired, was called by the new name of St. Saviour’s. -_Stowe._ - -Both the construction and extent of this Gothic structure resemble a -cathedral more than a parish church. The length is 260 feet, and that of -the cross isle 109: the breadth of the body is 54 feet, and the height -of the tower, including the pinacles, is 150 feet. The construction of -the windows, entrances, and every other part, is purely in the Gothic -style, except a modern door, which is neither Gothic, nor agreeable to -the rules of any other architecture. The tower, which is square, and -well proportioned, is supported by massy pillars over the meeting of the -middle and cross isles; it is crowned with battlements, and has a -pinacle at each corner. - -In a chapel at the east end of the church is the monument of Bishop -Andrews, who was interred there; and in another part of the church is -that of the Bishop of Winchester; but the most singular monument is that -of the family of the Austins, erected in the last century, and repaired, -new painted, and gilt by the relations in 1706. - -The first figure is a rock, upon which is written, _Petra erat_ XTS. -that is, The rock was Christ. Down this rock runs a stream of water; and -out of it glides a serpent, his old skin being stript off by the rock, -which is seen hanging on that part of his back that is not yet got -thro’. At the foot of the rock there grows standing corn, on which is a -label with these words, _Si non moriatur, non reviviscit_, that is, If -it dieth not, it liveth not again. Underneath the corn is this motto, -_Nos sevit, fovit, lavit, coget, renovabit_, _i.e._ He hath sown, -cherished, washed us, and shall gather us together and renew us. - -Upon the top of the rock stands an angel, holding a sickle in his left -hand, and with his right pointing to the sun, which shines, and on its -lower rays is a label, upon which is, _Sol justitiæ_, _i.e._ The Sun of -righteousness. - -On the sides of the monument are scythes, flails, shepherds crooks, -rakes, ploughs, harrows, and other instruments of husbandry hanging by a -ribband out of a Death’s head; and above them, _Vos estis agricultura_, -_i.e._ Ye are God’s husbandry. - -On the outside of these a harvest man with wings is seated on each side, -one with a fork behind him, and the other with a rake. They have straw -hats, and lean their heads upon their hands, the elbows resting upon -their knees, as if fatigued with labour, and under them are these words, -_Messores congregabunt_, _i.e._ The reapers shall gather. Under all is a -winnowing fan, upon which is stretched a sheet of parchment bearing a -long inscription in Latin. - -Though the name of this church has been changed from St. Mary Overies to -that of St. Saviour, yet the former still prevails. It is a rectory in -the gift of the parish, and the profits arising to the two Chaplains, -are said to amount to above 300_l._ _per annum_. - -SAVORY _dock_. See _St._ SAVIOUR’S _dock_. - -SAVORY MILL. See _St._ SAVIOUR’S _mill_. - -SAVORY _mill stairs_, corruptly so called, Rotherhith. See _St._ SAVIOUR’S -_mill stairs_. - -SAVOY, or _Lancaster Palace_, is situated to the westward of Somerset -house, between the Strand and the Thames. This place obtained the name -of the Savoy, from Peter Earl of Savoy and Richmond, who built it about -the year 1245, and afterwards transferred it to the friars of Montjoy, -of whom Queen Eleanor, the wife of King Henry III. purchased it for her -son Henry Duke of Lancaster. The Duke afterwards enlarged and beautified -it, at the expence of 52,000 marks, at that time an immense sum. Here -John King of France resided, when a prisoner in England in the year -1357, and upon his return hither in 1363, when it was esteemed one of -the finest palaces in England. - -This edifice was burnt in 1381 by the Kentish rebels, on account of some -pique they had conceived against John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who -was then the proprietor. But the ground afterwards devolving to the -Crown, King Henry VII. began to rebuild it as it at present appears, for -an hospital, for the reception of an hundred distressed objects; but -that Prince not living to see it compleated, Henry VIII. his son, not -only granted his manor of the Savoy to the Bishop of Winchester and -others, the executors of his father’s will, towards finishing the -hospital; but by his charter of the 5th of July 1513, constituted them a -body politic and corporate, to consist of a Master, five secular -Chaplains, and four Regulars, in honour of Jesus Christ, his Mother, and -St. John Baptist; the foundation to be denominated _The hospital of King -Henry VII. late King of England, of the Savoy_. - -This hospital was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI. when the -revenues were found to amount to 530_l._ _per annum_, which that Prince -gave to the city of London towards making a provision for the hospitals -of Bridewell, Christ-church, and St. Thomas: but Queen Mary converted it -into an hospital again, and having endowed it anew, her Ladies and Maids -of honour completely furnished it, at their own expence, with all -necessaries. However the hospital was again suppressed upon the -accession of Queen Elizabeth to the throne, and the revenues applied to -the uses intended by her brother. - -Nothing here is now to be seen, but the ruins of the ancient edifice -built with free-stone and flints, among which is still remaining part of -a great building, in which detachments of the King’s guards lie, and -where they have their Marshalsea prison for the confinement of deserters -and other offenders, and to lodge their recruits. - -A part of the Savoy was assigned by King William III. for the residence -of the French refugees, who have still a chapel here, in which they -conform to the church of England. _Stowe._ _Dugdale’s Mon. Ang._ - -SAW _court_, Fore street, Cripplegate. - -SAWYER’S _court_, Houndsditch.† - -SAWYER’S _yard_, 1. Hosier lane. 2. Tower street, Soho. - -SCALDING _alley_, in the Poultry. In this alley was formerly a large -house, known by the name of the Scalding-house; for the street called -the Poultry containing a number of Poulterers stalls, the fowls they -sold there were first scalded in this house. _Maitland._ - -SCALLOP _court_, Creed lane, Ludgate street. - -SCHOOL _alley_, East Smithfield.☐ - -SCHOOL _lane_, Jamaica street, Rotherhith.☐ - -SCHOOL _yard_, Ailesbury street, Clerkenwell.☐ - -SCHOOLHOUSE _alley_, Swan alley.☐ - -SCHOOLHOUSE _lane_, 1. Ailesbury street.☐ 2. Brooke street, Ratcliff.☐ - -SCHOOLHOUSE _yard_, 1. Rose street, Shoreditch.☐ 2. Schoolhouse lane, -Ratcliff.☐ 3. Sutton street, St. John’s street, Clerkenwell.☐ - -SCHOOLS. Of these we have given an account under the names of their -particular foundations; the most famous and noble of these, are, the -Charterhouse, Mercers school, Merchant Taylors school, St. Paul’s -school, and Westminster school; and among those for the instruction of -the lower class, is Christ-church school, a noble foundation for the -education and support of the children of deceased citizens, and a great -number of smaller foundations, as, St. Olave’s school, Ratcliff school, -Tothill fields school, and several others; all of which the reader may -find under their respective articles. - -In these schools, exclusive of Christ-church hospital, are educated 2888 -boys, and 285 girls; the charge of whose education, &c. exclusive of -those which belong to hospitals and almshouses, amounts, according to -Maitland, to the annual sum of 1990_l._ - -Besides these, which are supported by regular funds, there are a great -number denominated CHARITY SCHOOLS, that have no other foundation and -support, than generous benefactions, annual subscriptions, and the -charitable collections made in the several churches in this city and -suburbs. Of these we shall give a list, with the number of the boys and -girls in each. - - - _Schools._ _Boys._ _Girls._ - Allhallows, Lombard street 40 00 - St. Andrew’s, Holborn 80 70 - St. Anne’s, Aldersgate 30 20 - St. Anne’s, Westminster 52 52 - St. Bartholomew the Great 35 16 - Bartholomew Close, _Presbyterian_ 50 25 - Bethnal Green 00 30 - Bevis Marks, _Portuguese Jews_ 12 00 - Billingsgate Ward 40 00 - St. Botolph’s, Aldersgate 50 50 - St. Botolph’s, Aldgate 50 40 - St. Botolph’s, Bishopsgate 30 20 - Bridge and Candlewick Wards 60 40 - Bridewell Walk, Clerkenwell, _Quakers_ 40 20 - St. Bride’s 50 50 - Broad street Ward 50 30 - Castle Baynard Ward 30 20 - St. Catherine Creechurch 40 00 - St. Catherine’s, Tower 35 15 - Christ-church, Spitalfields 30 30 - Christ-church, Surry 30 10 - St. Clement’s Danes 85 55 - Corbet’s court, Spitalfields, _French_ 50 50 - Cordwainer and Bread street Wards 50 30 - Cornhill and Lime street Wards 50 30 - Cripplegate Ward within 50 20 - Dowgate Ward 30 20 - St. Dunstan’s in the West 50 20 - East Smithfield Liberty 40 30 - St. Ethelburg’s 20 00 - Faringdon Ward within 60 40 - Fry’s court, Tower hill, _Presbyterian_ 30 10 - St. George’s, Hanover square 50 40 - St. George’s, Queen square 50 50 - St. George’s, Ratcliff Highway 50 50 - St. George’s, Southwark 50 00 - St. Giles’s, Cripplegate 130 00 - St. Giles’s in the Fields 101 101 - Grey Eagle street, Spitalfields, _French_ 50 50 - St. James’s, Clerkenwell 60 40 - St. James’s, Westminster 102 80 - St. John’s, Hackney 30 20 - St. John’s, Wapping 38 23 - Keat’s street, Spitalfields, _Independent_ 30 00 - King’s head court, Spitalfields, _Independent_ 00 30 - Knightsbridge chapel 6 6 - St. Laurence, Poultney 16 00 - St. Leonard’s, Shoreditch 50 50 - St. Luke’s, Old street 40 00 - St. Margaret’s, Westminster 52 34 - St. Martin’s in the Fields 101 51 - St. Mary’s, Islington 26 18 - St. Mary’s, Lambeth 28 00 - St. Mary la Bonne 12 00 - St. Mary le Strand 16 00 - St. Mary Magdalen’s, Bermondsey 50 20 - St. Mary’s, Newington Butts 32 00 - St. Mary’s Rotherhith 45 00 - Mile-end, Old Town 22 10 - Nortonfalgate 60 00 - St. Olave’s, Jewry 30 00 - St. Olave’s, Southwark 00 60 - St. Paul’s, Covent Garden 30 20 - St. Paul’s, Shadwell 50 50 - Poplar Hamlet 30 20 - Portpool lane, _Welch_ 50 00 - Queenhithe Ward 36 24 - Ratcliff Hamlet 35 25 - Ratcliff Highway, _Presbyterian_ 30 00 - St. Saviour’s, Southwark 80 50 - St. Sepulchre’s 84 76 - Shakespear’s walk, Shadwell, _Presbyterian_ 30 00 - St. Stephen’s, Wallbrook 30 00 - St. Thomas’s, Southwark 30 00 - Tower street Ward 60 60 - Vintry Ward 50 00 - Unicorn yard, Horselydown, _Independent_ 50 00 - Zoar street, Southwark, _Presbyterian_ 137 00 - - -Thus in these charity schools are educated 3458 boys, and 1901 girls, in -all 5359. Mr. Maitland has been at some pains in endeavouring to learn -the respective charges of the above schools; but not being able to -obtain an account of each, he has endeavoured to settle as near as -possible the expence of maintaining the whole, and that by a method -equally plain and satisfactory: for having found that the parish school -of St. Andrew’s, Holborn, which contains eighty boys, cost in one year -272_l._ 2_s._ 9_d._ and seventy girls in the same school 139_l._ 14_s._ -6_d._ he computed, that as the charge of eighty boys amounts to 272_l._ -2_s._ 9_d._ so that of 3458 boys must amount to 11,763_l._ 2_s._ 10¼_d._ -and so, by the same method of calculation, as the expence of seventy -girls amounts to 139_l._ 14_s._ 6_d._ that of 1901 girls must amount to -3794_l._ 10_s._ 7½_d. per annum_; whence it appears, that the whole -expence of all the said charity children amounts to 15,557_l._ 13_s._ -5¾_d._ _per annum_. - -The same author adds, that the annual expence of the above free-schools, -exclusive of those belonging to the hospitals and almshouses, amounting -to 1990_l._ it appears that the expence of these schools, added to that -of the charity schools, amount in all to 17,547_l._ 13_s._ 3¾_d._ - -As to the number of private schools in this metropolis and its suburbs, -for educating youth in all kinds of literature, they are supposed to -amount to above three thousand. _Maitland._ - -SCORE’S _alley_, East Smithfield.† - -SCOTLAND _yard_, Whitehall; so named from a palace which formerly stood -there for the reception of the Kings of Scotland, when they came to do -homage for the county of Cumberland, and other fiefs held by them of the -Crown of England. _Stow’s Survey._ - -SCOTS CORPORATION, for the relief of poor and necessitous people of that -country. This corporation owes its origin to James Kinnier, a Scotsman, -and merchant of this city; who on his recovery from a long and dangerous -illness, resolved to give part of his estate towards the relief of the -aged and necessitous of his country, within the cities of London and -Westminster: and having prevailed with a society of his countrymen, who -composed a box club, to join their stock, applied for a charter, by -which he and his co-adjutors were, in the year 1665, constituted a body -politic and corporate, with several privileges, which King Charles II. -confirmed the following year by letters patent, wherein are recited the -privileges granted in the former charter, with the addition of several -new ones, viz. - -That they might erect an hospital within the city or liberties of London -and Westminster, to be called, _The Scots hospital of King Charles II._ -to be governed by eight Scotsmen, who were to chuse from among -themselves a Master, who, together with these Governors, were declared -to be a body politic and corporate, and to have a common seal. They were -also impowered to elect thirty-three Assistants, and to purchase in -mortmain 400_l._ _per annum_, over and above an annual sum mentioned in -the first charter; the profits arising from these purchases to be -employed in relieving poor old Scots men and women, and instructing and -employing poor Scottish orphans, the descendants of Scotsmen within this -city. - -This humane foundation had however like to have been crushed in its bud -by two very dreadful events, the plague, and the fire of London; which -happened in the very years when the charters were granted. However, -those who had the direction of the work began in the year 1670 to -prosecute it with vigour; and found themselves not only in a condition -to provide for their poor, but took a lease of a piece of ground in -Black Friars, to build upon, for the term of a thousand years, at a -ground-rent of 40_l._ and by charitable contributions were enabled to -erect their hall, with two houses at Fleetditch, and four in Black -Friars, which were soon after finished at the expence of 4450_l._ - -All matters relating to the corporation are managed by the Governors -without fee or reward; for they not only, upon all such occasions, spend -their own money, but contribute quarterly for the support of the -society, and the relief of the poor; they provide for the sick; to the -reduced and aged they grant pensions; they bury the dead, and give money -to such as are disposed to return to Scotland. The sums disbursed by the -society amount to about 600_l._ _per annum_. - -The officers belonging to this corporation are, a Treasurer, a Register, -two Stewards, and a Beadle. - -SCOT’S _wharf_, White Friars, Fleet street.† - -SCOT’S _yard_, 1. Bush lane.† 2. Mill bank, Westminster.† 3. Montague -street, Spitalfields.† 4. Stony lane, Southwark.† 5. Whitecross street.† - -SCRIVENERS, a fraternity anciently denominated The Writers of the court -letter of the city of London, was incorporated by letters patent granted -by King James I. in the year 1616, by the name of _The Master, Wardens, -and Assistants of the Society of Writers of the city of London_. - -This company is governed by a Master, two Wardens, and twenty-four -Assistants, with fifty-three livery-men, who upon their admission pay a -fine of 5_l._ - -The company of Scriveners being reduced to low circumstances, thought -proper to sell their hall in Noble street to the Coachmakers company. - -SCROOP’S _court_, Holborn. In this court anciently stood one of the Inns -of court called Scroop’s Inn. - -SCRUB’S _square_, Upper Ground, Southwark. - -SEA _alley_, King street, Westminster. - -_The Office for the relief of_ SEA OFFICERS WIDOWS. The Lords of the -Admiralty having taken into consideration, the unhappy condition to -which the widows of many of the officers of the navy were reduced by the -death of their husbands, proposed both to the commissioned and half-pay -officers of the navy, to enter into a voluntary agreement, to grant -three pence in the pound out of their pay, towards establishing a fund -for allowing pensions to such of their widows as are left in mean -circumstances. - -To this the officers readily consenting, the Lords Commissioners laid -the affair before his present Majesty, who, to promote so good a work, -granted his letters patent in the year 1732, directing that three pence -in the pound be deducted from the pay and half-pay of all commission and -warrant officers of the navy; and to appoint the Lords Commissioners of -the Admiralty, the Treasurer, Commissioners, Paymaster, and Cashier of -the navy, for the time being, twenty Captains, ten Lieutenants, five -Masters, five Boatswains, five Gunners, five Carpenters, five Pursers, -and five Surgeons of the navy, the eldest of their respective stations, -to be Governors of this corporation: out of whom are appointed a -President, two Vice Presidents, a Treasurer, and fifteen Assistants, as -a committee for the management of all the affairs belonging to this -charity. - -The first Commissioner of the Admiralty is to be always President; and -the Treasurer of the navy to be always the Treasurer; but the two Vice -Presidents, and fifteen Assistants, are to be elected annually. - -By the orders of this generous corporation, no officer or servant -employed therein, is to receive any salary, reward, or gratuity; the -whole business being transacted _gratis_. - -The first step taken by the Governors was providing for the widows whose -husbands died after the date of the above letters patent; who, in the -first year amounted to twenty-four, to whom pensions were allowed, -according to the following regulations, viz. To the widow of a Captain, -45_l._ _per annum_; to the widow of a Lieutenant or Master, 30_l._ and -to the widow of a Boatswain, Gunner, Carpenter, Purser, Surgeon, second -Master of a yacht, or Master of a naval vessel appointed by the navy -board, 20_l._ _per annum_. - -The Lords Commissioners afterwards commiserating the unhappy -circumstances of many poor widows, whose husbands died before this -corporation was established, and therefore could receive no benefit from -the fund which was justly appropriated to the relief of the widows of -those officers who had paid to its support, renewed their application to -his Majesty, who recommended their case to the Parliament; upon which it -was enacted, that one seaman should be allowed upon the books of every -ship of war, in the sea-pay in every hundred men that its complement -should consist of, and that the produce of the wages of such seamen, and -the value of their victuals should be given and applied towards the -relief of poor widows of commission and warrant officers of the royal -navy. - -SEACOAL _lane_, extends from Snow hill to Fleet lane. Stowe thinks it was -originally called Limeburners lane, and that it took its present name -from the burning of lime there with sea coal. - -SEAHORSE _alley_, Durham yard, in the Strand.* - -SEARLE’S _square_, Lincoln’s Inn.† - -SEARLE’S _street_, Carey street, Lincoln’s Inn.† - -SEARLE’S _wharf_, near White Friars.† - -_Office of sick and hurt_ SEAMEN, _and for taking care of_ PRISONERS OF -WAR, on Tower hill, is under the government of four Commissioners, the -first of whom has 400_l._ _per annum_, and 65_l._ for house rent; and -the other three 300_l._ a year. The officers under these Commissioners -are, a Secretary, who has 200_l._ _per annum_; a first Clerk, who has -100_l._ a year; and three inferior Clerks, who have 60_l._ a year. - -_Office for sick and maimed_ SEAMEN IN THE MERCHANTS SERVICE, in the Royal -Exchange. The corporation who provide for these objects of distress, -consists of a number of merchants, who were incorporated on the 24th of -June 1747, and are governed by a President, and a Council of twenty-one. - -SECRETARY OF STATE’S OFFICE, Whitehall. The Kings of England had anciently -no more than one Secretary of state, till about the end of the reign of -Henry VIII. when it was thought proper that this important office should -be discharged by two persons of equal authority, both stiled _Principal -Secretaries of state_. - -At that time they did not sit at the council board; but having prepared -their business in a room adjoining to the council chamber, they came in, -and stood on either hand of the King; when nothing was done till they -had gone through with their proposals. But Queen Elizabeth seldom coming -to council, that method was laid aside, and the Secretaries took their -places as Privy Counsellors, which dignity they have enjoyed ever since, -and a Council is seldom, or never, held without the presence of, at -least, one of them. - -Their employment rendering their office a place of extraordinary trust, -this, together with the multiplicity of their business, places them in a -distinguished light, both in respect to the King and the people: for -they attend almost every day upon his Majesty, as occasion requires; the -petitions of the people are for the most part lodged in their hands, to -be presented to the King; and, in return, they make the dispatches, -according to his Majesty’s answers and determinations. - -The correspondence to all parts of Great Britain without distinction, -relating to the church, the army, the militia, grants, pardons, -dispensations, &c. is managed by either of the Secretaries. But as to -foreign affairs, all the nations that have any intercourse with Great -Britain, are divided by them into two provinces, the northern and -southern, each being under one of the Secretaries, as his separate -department. They have this special honour, that if either of them be a -Baron, he takes place, and has the precedence of all other persons of -the same degree, tho’ by creation they might have a right to precede -him: but if he is above the degree of a Baron, he then takes place only -according to the seniority of his creation. - -Each of the Secretaries have lodgings appointed for them in all the -King’s houses; both for their own accommodation, for their office, and -for those that attend upon it. They have each a salary of 3000_l._ a -year; which, added to their lawful perquisites, is said to make their -places worth 8000_l._ _per annum_ each. - -The Secretaries and Clerks they employ under them are wholly at their -own choice, and have no dependence upon any other person. These are, - -In the northern department, two Under Secretaries and Keepers of state -papers, a first Clerk, and ten other Clerks, a Gazette writer, who has -300_l._ _per annum_; and a Secretary for the Latin tongue, whose salary -is 200_l._ a year. - -In the southern department are, two Under Secretaries, a first Clerk, -seven other Clerks; and a Law Clerk to both, who has a salary of 400_l._ -_per annum_. - -The Secretaries of state have also the custody of the King’s seal, -called the signet; the use and application of which gives denomination -to another office, called the Signet office. See the article SIGNET -OFFICE. - -There is also another office depending on the Secretaries of state, -called the Paper office; for which see that article. - -SEDGWICK’S _rents_, London Wall.† - -SEDGWICK’S _yard_, London Wall.† - -SEETHING _lane_, Tower street. - -_St._ SEPULCHRE’S, on the north side of the top of Snow hill near Newgate, -and in the ward of Faringdon without, owes its name to its being -dedicated in commemoration of Christ’s sepulchre at Jerusalem. It is of -great antiquity, and was probably founded during the time, when all -Europe were employed in crusades to the holy land; however, about the -beginning of the twelfth century, it was given by the Bishop of -Salisbury to the Prior and Canons of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, who, -in virtue of that grant, had the right of advowson till the dissolution -of their monastery, when coming to the Crown, it continued therein till -King James I. in the year 1610, granted the rectory and its -appurtenances, with the advowson of the vicarage, to Francis Philips and -others; after which the rectory with its appurtenances were purchased by -the parishioners, to be held in fee-farm of the Crown, while the -advowson was obtained by the President and Fellows of St. John Baptist’s -college in Oxford, in whom the patronage still continues. _Dugd. Mon. -Ang._ - -The present structure was much damaged, though not destroyed by the fire -of London; after which it was thoroughly repaired in 1670, when nothing -of the old building, except the walls, was suffered to remain, and not -those entirely. - -This is a very spacious church, it being 126 feet long, besides a broad -passage through at the west end; the breadth is fifty-eight feet, -exclusive of the north chapel; the height of the roof in the middle isle -is thirty-five feet, and the height of the steeple to the top of the -pinacles, is 146 feet. The whole length of the side is in a manner taken -up by a row of very large Gothic windows, with buttresses between, over -which runs a slight cornice, and on the top a plain and substantial -battlement work. The steeple is a plain square tower crowned with four -pinacles. - -The wall of this church yard, till very lately, extended so far into the -street all along the south side of the church, as to render the passage -narrow and dangerous; but after the church yard on that side had been -shut up about fourteen years, it was levelled, and laid open to the -street in the beginning of the present year 1760. - -The Vicar of this church, besides other advantages, receives 200_l._ in -money in lieu of tithes. - -Munday, in his edition of Stow’s Survey, mentions the following -monumental inscription in this church. - - - Qualis vita, finis ita. - Here under lyes the wonder of her kinde, - The quintessence of nature and of grace, - Wit, beauty, bounty, and (in noble race - The rarest jewel) a right humble minde, - Here lyes her body, but her soule refin’d - Above th’empyreall, hath imperial place, - In bliss so boundlesse, as no words embrace, - Nor art can feigne, nor mortal heart can finde. - Her fame remaines a monument of honour, - Built by her virtue, gilt with purest gold, - With lilly flowers and roses strewed upon her. - Her epitaph. - Urania thus enrol’d: - Milde childe, chaste mayden, and religious wife: - The even crownes the day, Joane Essex’ death her life. - - -Before we conclude this article, it may be proper to observe, that in -the year 1605, Mr. Robert Dew gave by deed of gift, fifty pounds to this -parish, on condition that for ever after, a person should go to Newgate, -in the still of the night before every execution day, and standing as -near the cells of the condemned prisoners as possible, should, with a -hand bell, (which he also gave for that purpose) give twelve solemn -tolls with double strokes, and then after a proper pause, deliver with -an audible voice the following words: - - “You prisoners that are within, - Who for wickedness and sin, - - After many mercies shewn you, are now appointed to die to-morrow - in the forenoon, give ear and understand, that to-morrow morning - the greatest bell of St. Sepulchre’s shall toll for you in form - and manner of a passing bell, as used to be tolled for those at - the point of death: to the end that all godly people hearing - that bell, and knowing it is for your going to your deaths, may - be stirred up heartily to pray to God to bestow his grace and - mercy upon you whilst you live. - - “I beseech you, for Jesus Christ’s sake, to keep this night in - watching and prayer, for the salvation of your own souls, while - there is yet time and place for mercy; as knowing to-morrow you - must appear before the judgment seat of your Creator, there to - give an account of all things done in this life, and to suffer - eternal torments for your sins committed against him, unless - upon your hearty and unfeigned repentance, you find mercy - through the merits, death, and passion of your only mediator and - advocate Jesus Christ, who now sits at the right hand of God to - make intercession for as many of you as penitently return to - him.” - -He likewise ordered that St. Sepulchre’s great bell should toll, till it -was supposed these unhappy prisoners were executed; and that as the -criminals passed by the wall of St. Sepulchre’s church yard, to -execution, the same bellman should look over it, and say: - - “All good people, pray heartily unto God for these poor sinners, - who are now going to their death, for whom this great bell doth - toll. - - “You that are condemned to die, repent with lamentable tears: - ask mercy of the Lord for the salvation of your own souls, - through the merits, death, and passion of Jesus Christ, who now - sits at the right hand of God, to make intercession for as many - of you as penitently return unto him.” - - “Lord, have mercy upon you, - Christ, have mercy upon you, - Lord, have mercy upon you, - Christ, have mercy upon you.” - -For this service the bellman or sexton receives 1_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ a -year; but upon these occasions there is generally so much noise, that -nobody can hear one word that the bellman says. - -_St._ SEPULCHRE’S _alley_, a passage by the east end of St. Sepulchre’s -church. SERGEANTS AT LAW. The highest degree of lawyers under a Judge. -The young student in the common law, when admitted to be of one of the -inns of court, is called a _Moot-man_, and after about seven years -study, is chosen an Utter Barrister, and is then capable of being made a -Sergeant at law. - -When the number of Sergeants is small, the Lord Chief Justice of the -Common Pleas, by the advice and consent of the other Judges, chuses -about six or eight of the most learned persons of the Inns of court, and -presents their names to the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, who sends -to each of them the King’s writ to appear on a particular day before the -King, to receive the degree of a Sergeant at law. - -At the time appointed, they being dressed in robes of two colours, brown -and blue, they go, attended by the students of the Inns of court, with a -train of servants and retainers, dressed in peculiar liveries, to -Westminster hall, where they publicly take a solemn oath, and are -cloathed with robes and coifs, without which they are from thenceforward -never to appear in public. After this they give a great entertainment to -the principal persons of the nation; and present gold rings to the -Princes of the blood, the Archbishops, the Lord Chancellor, and the -Treasurer, to the value of forty shillings each ring; to the Earls and -Bishops rings of 20_s._ and to other great officers, Barons, &c. rings -of less value, besides a great number of rings to their private friends. - -Out of these Sergeants are chosen the Judges of the King’s Bench and -Common Pleas. - -SERGEANTS INN, on the south side of Fleet street, almost opposite to the -end of Fetter lane. It consists of a court surrounded with handsome new -buildings, among which are the Society’s chapel and hall; and a very -handsome edifice belonging to the Amicable Society. - -The officers belonging to this Inn, are, a Steward, a Master Cook, and a -Chief Butler. - -SERGEANTS INN, Chancery lane, near the end next Fleet street, consists of -two courts, a small hall, and a convenient kitchen; but the buildings -are low and mean. - -The officers of this Inn are, also, a Steward, a Master Cook, and a -Chief Butler. - -SERGEANTS INN _court_, 1. Chancery lane. 2. Fleet street. - -SERMON _lane_, 1. Limehouse. 2. Little Carter lane. - -SERSNET _alley_, Narrow Wall, Limehouse. - -SETTER’S _yard_, Deadman’s fields. - -SEVEN DIALS, near Monmouth street; so called from a handsome pillar, upon -which are seven sun-dials, fronting the same number of streets, which -radiate upon it. - -SEVENOAK, a market town in Kent, near the river Dart or Darent, 23 miles -from London, in the road to Rye. It obtained its name from seven very -large oaks which grew near it, when it was first built; and is governed -by a Warden and Assistants. Here is an hospital and school, for the -maintenance of people in years, and the instruction of youth, first -erected by Sir William Sevenoak, Lord Mayor of London in the year 1418, -who is said to have been a foundling supported and educated at the -expence of a charitable person of this town, whence he took his name. -The school afterwards met with other benefactors, and among the rest, -Queen Elizabeth having greatly augmented its revenue, it was thence -called Queen Elizabeth’s free school. It was rebuilt in 1727. Sir Henry -Fermor, Bart. has a seat here; as has also Dr. Thomas Fuller. About a -mile from Sevenoak, to the south, is Knowl Place, the seat of the Duke -of Dorset, situated in the middle of a park; and towards the east is the -seat of —— Pratt, Esq; which is also seated in the midst of a park. - -SEVEN STARS _alley_, 1. Cable street, Rag fair.* 2. Ratcliff highway.* 3. -Rosemary lane.* 4. Whitecross street.* - -SEVEN STARS _court_, 1. Great Garden, St. Catharine’s lane.* 2. Moor -lane.* 3. Seven Stars alley, Ratcliff highway.* - -SEVEN STEPS _alley_, 1. Old Montague street. 2. Petticoat lane, -Whitechapel. 3. Rotherhith Wall. - -SEVEN STEPS _yard_, Houndsditch. - -SEYMOUR’S _court_, Little Chandois street. - -SHAD THAMES _street_, Horselydown. - -SHADWELL, formerly a hamlet in the parish of Stepney, is now a distinct -parish, and by the great increase of buildings is united to this -metropolis. This parish, which is one of the Tower hamlets, is situated -on the north bank of the Thames, and received its name from a fine -spring which issues from the south wall of the church yard. The parish -is, from its situation, divided into Upper and Lower Shadwell, Lower -Shadwell being anciently a part of Wapping marsh. - -In the north east of this parish is Sun tavern fields, where a Roman -cemetery, or burying place, was discovered about the year 1615, wherein -were found two coffins, one of which being of stone, contained the bones -of a man; and the other of lead, finely embellished with scallop shells, -and a crotister border, contained those of a woman, at whose head and -feet were two urns, each three feet high; and at the sides several -beautiful red earthen bottles, with a number of lachrymatories of -hexagon and octagon forms. On each side of the inhumed bones were two -ivory scepters of the length of eighteen inches each, and upon the -breast the figure of a small Cupid, curiously wrought; as were likewise -two pieces of jet resembling nails, three inches in length. According to -the opinion of that judicious antiquary Sir Robert Cotton, who made this -discovery, the person here interred must have been the wife of some -Prince, or Roman Prætor, by the decorations of the coffin and the things -contained in it. - -In this place were likewise discovered several urns, with Roman coins, -which had on one side this Inscription, _Imp. Pupienus Maximus P. F._ -and on the reverse, with hands joined, _Patrus Senatus_. - -A few years ago was also discovered in this place a mineral spring, said -to be impregnated with sulphur, vitriol, steel, and antimony. It is -esteemed a great anti-scorbutic, and is said to have performed many -remarkable cures in the leprosy, scurvy, scald heads, and other -cutaneous diseases. - -For Shadwell church, see the article _St._ PAUL’S _Shadwell_. - -SHADWELL _dock_, Shadwell. - -SHADWELL _market_, Upper Shadwell. - -SHADWELL WATERWORKS are placed in Shadwell, and wrought by two fire -engines, that fill two main pipes of six or seven inches bore with -Thames water; by which means that neighbourhood is well supplied. -_Maitland._ - -SHAFTESBURY HOUSE, in Aldersgate street. See the article LONDON LYING-IN -HOSPITAL. - -SHAFT’S _court_, Leadenhall street. - -SHAKESPEAR’S _walk_, Upper Shadwell.† - -SHARP’S _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.† 2. Cow Cross, Smithfield.† -3. Leadenhall street.† 4. Nortonfalgate.† - -SHARP’S _buildings_, Duke’s Place, near Aldgate.† - -SHAW’S _alley_, Kent street, Tooley street.† - -SHAW’S _court_, St. Margaret’s hill.† - -SHEEN, or EAST SHEEN, a pleasant village, situated a little to the south -of Mortlake, where is the fine seat of the Lord Viscount Palmerston, the -successor of Sir William Temple. The gardens were laid out and completed -by the great genius of Sir William, who here spent the latter part of -his life. - -SHEEP’S HEAD _alley_, Shoreditch. - -SHEER _lane_, Temple Bar. - -SHEERS _alley_, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Shoreditch.* 3. White street.* 4. -Wentworth street.* 5. Wood street, Cheapside.* - -SHEFFIELD _street_, Clare market. - -SHELDON’S _court_, Bedfordbury.† - -SHEPHERD’S _alley_, near Vintner’s hall, Thames street.† - -SHEPHERD’S _court_, 1. Hockley in the hole.† 2. Upper Brook street.† - -SHEPHERD’S _gardens_, in the Minories.† - -SHEPHERD’S _market_, near Curzon street.† - -SHEPHERD’S _mews_, Park street, Southwark.† - -SHEPHERD’S _street_, Oxford street.† - -SHEPHERD’S _yard_, Shoreditch.† - -SHERBURN _lane_, Lombard street; thus named from the brook Langbourn, -which anciently ran out of Fenchurch street, and here turning south, -divided into several shares, rills, or streams. This lane was also -anciently called Southbourn lane, because these rills here ran south to -the Thames. _Maitland._ - -SHERIFFS, two very ancient officers of the city, established in the time -of the Saxons: but Richard I. changed the name of these officers to the -Norman appellation of Bailiff, which signifies an Intendant, Collector, -or petty Magistrate; as the Saxon Sciregrave implies a Judge, Overseer, -or Collector. However, the appellation of Bailiff proving of no long -duration, the more ancient one of Sheriff was restored to that office. - -The Sheriffs are chosen by the Liverymen of the several companies on -Midsummer day, the Lord Mayor drinking to those whom he nominates for -their approbation: but any person who can swear that he is not worth -15000_l._ may be excused from serving the office; however, if he is -qualified with respect to fortune, he is obliged to serve, or to pay a -fine of about 500_l._ or otherwise to engage in a law suit with the -city. This last is particularly the case of the dissenters, who look -upon themselves as disqualified by law; since by act of Parliament, -every person who serves the office of Sheriff ought to have received the -sacrament in the church of England, twelve months before he enters upon -his office. - -Any gentleman of the city may be chosen an Alderman, without his serving -the office of Sheriff; but he is obliged to be a Sheriff before he can -be Lord Mayor. - -The office of Sheriff, according to our great antiquary Mr. Camden, is -to collect the public revenues within his jurisdiction, to gather into -the Exchequer all fines, to serve the King’s writs of process, and by -the _posse comitatus_ to compel headstrong and obstinate men to submit -to the decisions of the law; to attend the Judges, and execute their -orders, to impanel juries, and to take care that all condemned criminals -be duly executed. - -All actions for debt in the city are entered at the two compters -belonging to the Sheriffs, where the prisoners either give bail, or are -confined in prison, unless being freemen, they chuse to be carried to -Ludgate. See the article COMPTER. - -SHERIFFS COURTS, are courts of record held in Guildhall every Wednesday -and Friday, for actions entered in Wood street Compter, and on Thursdays -and Saturdays for those entered at the Poultry Compter, of which the -Sheriffs being Judges, each has his Assistant or Deputy, who are -commonly called Judges of these courts, before whom are tried actions of -debt, trespass, covenant, &c. where the testimony of an absent witness -in writing is allowed to be good evidence. _Maitland._ - -To each of these courts belong four Attorneys, a Secondary, a Clerk of -the papers, a Prothonotary, and four Clerks sitters. See the article -COMPTER. - -SHERWOOD _street_, near Golden square. - -SHIP _alley_, 1. Broad street, Ratcliff.* 2. Fore street, Limehouse.* 3. -Phœnix street, Spitalfields.* 4. Ratcliff highway.* 5. Wellclose -square.* - -SHIP _court_, in the Old Bailey.* - -SHIP _street_, near New Gravel lane, Shadwell.* - -SHIP _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. In the Borough.* 3. Golden -lane, Barbican.* 4. Green bank, Wapping.* 5. King street, New Gravel -lane.* 6. Monkwell street.* 7. Petty France, Westminster.* 8. Phœnix -street.* 9, Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 10. Without Temple Bar.* - -SHIP _back yard_, in the Minories.* - -SHIPPEY’S _yard_, in the Minories.† - -SHIPPING _stairs_, Limehouse. - -SHIPWRIGHTS, a company by prescription for several ages, were incorporated -by letters patent granted by King James I. in the year 1605. - -This corporation consists of a Master, two Wardens, and sixteen -Assistants; but have neither livery nor hall: for though they had -formerly a hall near Ratcliff cross, yet that being demolished they -occasionally meet at different places to transact their affairs. - -SHIPWRIGHTS _street_, Rotherhith. - -SHITTEN _alley_, Chamber street, Shadwell.‖ - -SHOE _lane_, extends from Fleet street to Holborn. - -SHOEMAKER _row_, 1. By Aldgate. 2. Black friars. - -SHOEMAKERS. See the article CORDWAINERS. - -SHOEMAKERS _yard_, Deadman’s place. - -SHOOTER’S _court_, Basinghall street. - -SHOREDITCH, extends from Nortonfalgate to the end of Old street. -Shoreditch was anciently a village situated along the Roman highway, by -the Saxons denominated Eald street, or Old street, and according to -Maitland, owes its name to one of the predecessors of Sir John Sordig, -or Sordich, who was Lord thereof in the year 1339, and not, as vulgarly -supposed, to Jane Shore, concubine to Edward IV. This village was at a -considerable distance north of the city of London, though it is now -joined to it. - -SHOREDITCH _alley_, Shoreditch. - -SHOREDITCH _church_, at the north end of Shoreditch. See the article _St._ -LEONARD _Shoreditch_. - -SHOREY’S _alley_, King’s alley, Rotherhith† - -SHORTER’S _court_, Throgmorton street.† - -SHORTER’S _street_, Cable street, Rag fair.† - -SHORT’S _buildings_, Clerkenwell.† - -SHORT’S _gardens_, Drury lane.† - -SHOVEL _alley_, 1. Back lane, Rag fair.* 2. Cable street.* 3. St. -Catharine’s.* 4. East Smithfield.* 5. Great Gardens, St. Catharine’s -lane.* 6. Wood street, Cheapside.* - -SHOULDER OF MUTTON _alley_, Limehouse.* - -SHOULDER OF MUTTON _walk_, Hackney.* - -SHOULDER OF MUTTON _yard_, Butcher row, without Temple Bar.* - -SHREEVE’S _rents_, Duke street, Bloomsbury.† - -SHREWSBURY _court_, 1. Stony lane.† 2. Whitecross street, Fore street.† - -SHUG _lane_, near Piccadilly. - -SHUTTER’S _alley_, Whitechapel.† - -SIDNEY’S _alley_, Leicester fields.† - -SIDNEY’S _street_, Leicester fields; so named from Sidney Earl of -Leicester. - -SIGNET OFFICE, Whitehall; an office under the Principal Secretaries of -state, who have the custody of the King’s seal, called the signet; the -use and application whereof gives name to this office, which constantly -attends the court. - -In this office there are four chief Clerks, and two Deputies. These -chief Clerks wait alternately by months, and prepare such writings as -are to pass the signet. They have no fee from the King, but only 200_l._ -a year board wages. One of them always attends the court wheresoever it -removes, and, by warrant from his Majesty, prepares such bills or -letters for the King to sign, as not being matter of law, they are -directed by warrant to prepare. - -In their office all grants, either prepared by the King’s Counsel at -law, or by themselves, for the King’s hand, when signed, are returned, -and there transcribed again; and that transcript is carried to one of -the Principal Secretaries of state, and sealed; and then it is called a -signet. This being directed to the Lord Privy Seal, is his warrant for -issuing out a privy seal upon it. Privy seals for money, however, now -always begin in the Treasury, from whence the first warrant issues, -counter-signed by the Lord Treasurer: but when the nature of the grant -requires the passing of the great seal, then the privy seal is an -authority to the Lord Chancellor, to pass the great seal; as the signet -was to the Lord Privy Seal to affix that seal to the grant. But in all -these three offices, the signet, privy seal, and great seal, the grant -is transcribed; and therefore every thing which passes from the King has -these several ways of being considered before it is perfected. -_Chamberlain’s Present State._ - -SILKMEN, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles -I. in the year 1631. They have a Governor and twenty Assistants; but -neither hall nor livery. _Maitland._ - -SILK THROWERS. This trade was first practised in London in the reign of -Queen Elizabeth, by foreigners, whose dependents, and those to whom they -had taught the art of silk throwing, were constituted a fellowship of -the city in 1622, and were afterwards incorporated by letters patent -granted by King Charles I. in the year 1630. - -They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and twenty Assistants; but -have neither hall nor livery. _Maitland._ - -_Office of Clerk of the King’s_ SILVER, in the Inner Temple. To this Clerk -every fine or final agreement upon the sale of land, is brought, after -it has been with the Custos Brevium, when he makes an entry of what -money is to be paid to the King’s use. This office belongs to the court -of Common Pleas, and is executed by a Deputy. _Chamberlain’s Present -State._ - -SILVER _court_, 1. Oxford street, 2. Woodstock street, Oxford street. - -SILVER _street_, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Bridgewater square. 3. Near Golden -square. 4. Green alley, Tooley street. 5. Hare street, Spitalfields. 6. -Near New Gravel lane, Shadwell. 7. Pelham street, Spitalfields. 8. Soho -square. 9. White Friars, Fleet street. 10. Wood street, Cheapside. - -SIMMOND’S INN. See SYMOND’S INN. - -SING’S _court_, Little Mitchell street, Old street.† - - - _The End of the_ FIFTH VOLUME. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - ● Transcriber’s Notes: - ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. - ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. - ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only - when a predominant form was found in this book. - ○ The use of a carat (^) before one or more letters shows they were - intended to be superscripts, as in S^t Bartholomew or L^{d.} - Egemont. - ○ Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of London and its Environs Described, v. -5 (of 6), by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS *** - -***** This file should be named 60008-0.txt or 60008-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/0/0/60008/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - diff --git a/old/60008-0.zip b/old/60008-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 687a8ab..0000000 --- a/old/60008-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h.zip b/old/60008-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d4450d3..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/60008-h.htm b/old/60008-h/60008-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 04c14d5..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/60008-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12561 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> - <title> London and its Environs Described, Vol. V., By Anonymous—A Project Gutenberg eBook</title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - body { margin-left: 8%; margin-right: 10%; } - h1 { text-align: center; font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.4em; } - h2 { text-align: center; font-weight: normal; font-size: 1.2em; } - .pageno { right: 1%; font-size: x-small; background-color: inherit; color: silver; - text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; position: absolute; - border: thin solid silver; padding: .1em .2em; font-style: normal; - font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; } - p { text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: justify; } - .sc { font-variant: small-caps; } - .large { font-size: large; } - .xlarge { font-size: x-large; } - .xxlarge { font-size: xx-large; } - .small { font-size: small; } - .lg-container-b { text-align: center; } - @media handheld { .lg-container-b { clear: both; } } - .lg-container-l { text-align: left; } - @media handheld { .lg-container-l { clear: both; } } - .linegroup { display: inline-block; text-align: left; } - @media handheld { .linegroup { display: block; margin-left: 1.5em; } } - .linegroup .group { margin: 1em auto; } - .linegroup .line { text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em; } - div.linegroup > :first-child { margin-top: 0; } - .linegroup .in1 { padding-left: 3.5em; } - .linegroup .in7 { padding-left: 6.5em; } - ul.ul_1 {padding-left: 0; margin-left: 2.78%; margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; list-style-type: disc; } - ul.ul_2 {padding-left: 0; margin-left: 6.94%; margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; list-style-type: circle; } - div.pbb { page-break-before: always; } - hr.pb { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-bottom: 1em; } - @media handheld { hr.pb { display: none; } } - .chapter { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .figcenter { clear: both; max-width: 100%; margin: 2em auto; text-align: center; } - div.figcenter p { text-align: center; text-indent: 0; } - .figcenter img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; } - .id001 { width:600px; } - .id002 { width:413px; } - @media handheld { .id001 { margin-left:12%; width:75%; } } - @media handheld { .id002 { margin-left:24%; width:51%; } } - .ic001 { width:100%; } - .ig001 { width:100%; } - .table0 { margin: auto; margin-left: 27%; margin-right: 27%; width: 46%; } - .table1 { margin: auto; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; width: 100%; - border-collapse: collapse; } - .table2 { margin: auto; margin-top: 2em; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; - width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; } - .table3 { margin: auto; margin-top: 2em; margin-left: 12%; margin-right: 13%; - width: 75%; } - .bbt { border-bottom: thin solid; } - .blt { border-left: thin solid; } - .nf-center { text-align: center; } - .nf-center-c0 { text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0; } - .c000 { margin-top: 1em; } - .c001 { page-break-before: always; margin-top: 4em; } - .c002 { margin-top: 4em; } - .c003 { margin-top: 2em; } - .c004 { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c005 { margin-top: 2em; text-indent: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c006 { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 42%; width: 15%; margin-right: 43%; } - .c007 { page-break-before:auto; margin-top: 4em; } - .c008 { text-indent: -2.78%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c009 { margin-left: 5.56%; margin-right: 5.56%; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 85%; - text-indent: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c010 { margin-top: 1em; text-indent: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c011 { text-indent: -2.78%; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c012 { vertical-align: top; text-align: right; padding-right: 1em; } - .c013 { vertical-align: top; text-align: right; } - .c014 { margin-left: 1.39%; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 85%; } - .c015 { text-indent: -2.78%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c016 { text-indent: -5.56%; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c017 { text-indent: -8.33%; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c018 { margin-left: 5.56%; text-indent: -2.78%; margin-top: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c019 { text-align: center; } - .c020 { vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-left: .5em; - padding-right: .5em; } - .c021 { vertical-align: top; text-align: right; padding-left: .5em; - padding-right: .5em; } - .c022 { vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-left: .5em; - padding-right: .5em; } - .c023 { margin-left: 2.78%; text-indent: -2.78%; margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c024 { margin-left: 1.39%; margin-top: 2em; font-size: 85%; } - .c025 { margin-top: 2em; font-size: 85%; } - .c026 { margin-left: 5.56%; text-indent: -2.78%; margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c027 { vertical-align: top; text-align: center; padding-right: 1em; } - .c028 { vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-right: 1em; } - .c029 { margin-left: 8.33%; margin-right: 5.56%; margin-top: 1em; font-size: 85%; } - .c030 { margin-left: 5.56%; margin-right: 5.56%; font-size: 85%; text-indent: 1em; - margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c031 { margin-left: 8.33%; margin-right: 5.56%; font-size: 85%; } - body {width:80%; margin:auto; } - .tnbox {background-color:#E3E4FA;border:1px solid silver;padding: 0.5em; - margin:2em 10% 0 10%; } - .gs6 {letter-spacing: 6px } - .gs9 {letter-spacing: 9px } - .gs15 {letter-spacing: 15px } - </style> - </head> - <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of London and its Environs Described, v. 5 (of -6), by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll -have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using -this ebook. - - - -Title: London and its Environs Described, v. 5 (of 6) - Containing an Account of whatever is most Remarkable for - Grandeur, Elegance, Curiosity or Use - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: July 29, 2019 [EBook #60008] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><span class='small'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c000' /> -</div> -<div> - <h1 class='c001'><span class='xxlarge'><span class="gs15">LONDON</span></span><br /> <br /><span class='small'>AND ITS</span><br /> <br /><span class='xlarge'><span class="gs9">ENVIRONS</span></span><br /> <br /><span class='large'>DESCRIBED</span>.</h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c000'> - <div>VOL. V.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c002' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='xxlarge'><span class="gs15">LONDON</span></span></div> - <div class='c000'>AND ITS</div> - <div class='c000'><span class='xxlarge'><span class="gs9">ENVIRONS</span></span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='large'>DESCRIBED</span>.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='small'>CONTAINING</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'><span class='large'>An Account of whatever is most remarkable -for <span class='sc'>Grandeur</span>, <span class='sc'>Elegance</span>, <span class='sc'>Curiosity</span> -or <span class='sc'>Use</span>,</span></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='xlarge'>In the <span class='sc'><span class="gs6">City</span></span> and in the <span class='sc'><span class="gs6">Country</span></span></span></div> - <div><span class='xlarge'>Twenty Miles round it.</span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='small'>COMPREHENDING ALSO</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>Whatever is most material in the History and Antiquities</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>of this great Metropolis.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'><span class='large'>Decorated and illustrated with a great Number of -Views in Perspective, engraved from original -Drawings, taken on purpose for this Work.</span></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='large'>Together with a <span class='sc'>Plan</span> of <span class="gs6">LONDO</span>N,</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>A Map of the <span class='sc'>Environs</span>, and several other</span></div> - <div><span class='large'>useful <span class='sc'>Cuts</span>.</span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='xlarge'><span class="gs6">VO</span>L. V.</span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class="gs6">LONDON</span>:</div> - <div>Printed for R. and J. <span class='sc'>Dodsley</span> in Pall Mall.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class='c006' /> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>M DCC LXI.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c003' /> -</div> -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/i006.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>Monument.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>J. Green sc. Oxon.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c003' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span><span class='xxlarge'><span class="gs15">LONDON</span></span></div> - <div class='c000'>AND ITS</div> - <div class='c000'><span class='xlarge'><span class="gs15">ENVIRONS</span></span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='large'><span class="gs6">DESCRIBE</span>D, &c.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c007'>MON</h2> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Monument</span>, a noble fluted -column, erected by order of parliament, -in commemoration of the -burning and rebuilding of the city, on the -east side of Fish street hill, in a square -open to the street.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This stately column, which is of the -Doric order, was begun by Sir Christopher -Wren, in the year 1671, and completed -by that great architect in 1677. It -much exceeds, in height, the pillars at -Rome of the Emperors Trajan and Antoninus, -the stately remains of Roman grandeur; -or that of Theodosius at Constantinople; -for the largest of the Roman columns, -which was that of Antoninus, was -only 172 feet and a half in height, and 12 -feet 3 inches, English measure, in diameter. -But the diameter of this column -<span class='pageno' id='Page_2'>2</span>at the base, is 15 feet, and consequently -it is 120 feet high; the height of -the pedestal is 40, and the cippus or meta -with the urn on the top 42, making 202 -feet in the whole. On the cap of the pedestal, -at the angles, are four dragons (the -supporters of the city arms) and between -them trophies, with symbols of regality, -arts, sciences, commerce, &c.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Within is a large staircase of black -marble, containing 345 steps, 10 inches -and a half broad, and 6 inches in thickness, -and by these there is an ascent to the -iron balcony (which is the abacus of the -column). Over the capital is an iron balcony, -encompassing a cone 32 feet high, -supporting a blazing urn of brass, gilt.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the place of this urn, which was set -up contrary to Sir Christopher’s opinion, -was originally intended a colossal statue, -in brass, gilt, of King Charles II. as -founder of the new city, after the manner -of the Roman pillars, which terminated -with the statues of their Cæsars; or else a -figure erect of a woman crowned with -turrets, holding a sword and cap of maintenance, -with other ensigns of the city’s -grandeur and re-erection.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Prior to this, the same gentleman made -a design of a pillar of somewhat less proportion, -viz. 14 feet in diameter, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span>after a peculiar device: for as the Romans -expressed by <i>relievo</i> on the pedestals, and -round the shafts of their columns, the -history of such actions and incidents as -were intended to be thereby commemorated; -so this monument of the conflagration -and resurrection of the city of -London was represented by a pillar in -flames; the flames, blazing from the -loop-holes of the shaft, intended to give -light to the stairs within, were in brass -work gilt, and on the top was a phœnix -rising from her ashes, also of brass gilt. -<i>Parentalia.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The west side of the pedestal is adorned -with curious emblems, by the masterly -hand of Mr. Cibber, father to the late -Poet Laureat, in which the eleven principal -figures are done in <i>alto</i>, and the rest -in <i>basso relievo</i>. The principal figure, to -which the eye is particularly directed, is a -female, representing the city of London, -sitting in a languishing posture on a heap -of ruins: her head droops, her hair is -dishevelled, and her hand, with an air of -languor, lies carelessly on her sword. Behind -is Time, gradually raising her up: at -her side, a woman, representing Providence, -gently touches her with one hand, -while with a winged scepter in the other, -she directs her to regard two Goddesses -<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>in the clouds, one with a cornucopia, denoting -Plenty, the other with a palm -branch, the emblem of Peace. At her -feet is a bee-hive, to shew that by industry -and application the greatest misfortunes -may be overcome. Behind Time, -are citizens exulting at his endeavours to -restore her; and, beneath, in the midst of -the ruins, is a dragon, the supporter of the -city arms, who endeavours to preserve -them with his paw. Still farther, at the -north end, is a view of the city in flames; -the inhabitants in consternation, with -their arms extended upward, and crying -out for succour.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the other side, on an elevated pavement, -stands King Charles II. in a Roman -habit, with his temples incircled by a -wreath of laurel, and approaching the figure -representing the city, with a truncheon -in his hand, seems to command three -of his attendants to descend to her relief: -the first represents the Sciences, with -wings on her head, and a circle of naked -boys dancing upon it, holding in her hand -Nature, with her numerous breasts ready -to give assistance to all: the second is, -Architecture, with a plan in one hand, -and a square and pair of compasses in the -other: and the third is, Liberty, waving -a hat in the air, shewing her joy at the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>pleasing prospect of the city’s speedy recovery. -Behind the King, stands his brother -the Duke of York, with a garland in -one hand to crown the rising city, and a -sword in the other for her defence. Behind -him are Justice and Fortitude, the -former with a coronet, and the latter with -a reined lion. In the pavement, under -the Sovereign’s feet, appears Envy peeping -from her cell, and gnawing a heart; -and in the upper part of the back ground -the re-construction of the city is represented -by scaffolds, erected by the sides of -unfinished houses, with builders and labourers -at work upon them.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The other sides of the pedestal have, -each, a Latin inscription. That on the -north side may be thus rendered.</p> -<p class='c009'>‘In the year of Christ 1666, the second -day of September, eastward from hence, -at the distance of 202 feet, (the height -of this column) about midnight, a most -terrible fire broke out, which, driven by -a high wind, not only laid waste the adjacent -parts, but also places very remote, -with incredible noise and fury: it consumed -89 churches, the city gates, Guildhall, -many public structures, hospitals, -schools, libraries, a vast number of stately -edifices, 13,200 dwelling houses, 400 -streets: of twenty-six wards it utterly destroyed -<span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>fifteen, and left eight others -shattered and half burnt. The ruins of -the city were 436 acres, from the Tower -by the Thames side to the Temple -church, and from the north east, along -the city wall, to Holborn bridge. To -the estates and fortunes of the citizens -it was merciless, but to their lives very -favourable. That it might, in all things, -resemble the last conflagration of the -world, the destruction was sudden; for -in a small space of time, the same city -was seen most flourishing, and reduced -to nothing. Three days after, when -this fatal fire had, in the opinion of all, -baffled all human counsels and endeavours, -it stopped, as it were, by a command -from heaven, and was on every -side extinguished.’</p> - -<p class='c010'>The inscription on the south side is -translated thus:</p> - -<p class='c009'>‘Charles the Second, son of Charles -the Martyr, King of Great Britain, -France, and Ireland, Defender of the -Faith, a most gracious Prince, commiserating -the deplorable state of things, -whilst the ruins were yet smoaking, provided -for the comfort of his citizens, -and ornament of his city, remitted their -taxes, and referred the petition of the -magistrates and inhabitants to parliament; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>who immediately passed an act, -that public works should be restored to -greater beauty, with public money, to -be raised by an impost on coals; that the -churches, and the cathedral of St. Paul’s, -should be rebuilt from their foundations, -with the utmost magnificence: that -bridges, gates, and prisons should be new -erected, the sewers cleansed, the streets -made straight and regular, such as were -steep levelled, and those too narrow to -be made wider. Markets and shambles -removed to separate places. They also -enabled, that every house should be built -with party walls, and all in front raised -of equal height; that those walls should -be of square stone or brick; and that no -man should delay building beyond the -space of seven years. Moreover, care -was taken by law to prevent all suits about -their bounds. Anniversary prayers -were also enjoined; and to perpetuate -the memory thereof to posterity, they -caused this column to be erected. The -work was carried on with diligence, and -London is restored; but whether with -greater speed or beauty, may be made a -question. In three years time the world -saw that finished, which was supposed -to be the work of an age.’</p> - -<p class='c010'>The inscription on the east side contains -<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>the names of the Lord Mayors -from the time of its being begun, till its -being compleated; and round the upper -part of the pedestal is the following inscription -in English.</p> - -<p class='c009'>‘This pillar was set up in perpetual -remembrance of the most dreadful -burning of this protestant city, begun -and carried on by the treachery and malice -of the popish faction in the beginning -of September, in the year of our -Lord 1666, in order to the carrying on -their horrid plot for extirpating the -protestant religion, and Old English Liberty, -and introducing popery and slavery.’</p> - -<p class='c010'>This inscription, upon the Duke of -York’s accession to the crown, was immediately -erased; but soon after the revolution -it was restored again.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This monument, says the author of -<i>The Review of our public buildings</i>, “is -undoubtedly the noblest modern column -in the world; nay, in some respects, -it may justly vie with those celebrated -ones of antiquity, which are -consecrated to the names of Trajan and -Antonine. Nothing can be more bold -and surprizing, nothing more beautiful -and harmonious: the bas relief at the -base, allowing for some few defects, is -<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>finely imagined, and executed as well: -and nothing material can be cavilled -with but the inscriptions round about -it.” These, however, Sir Christopher -Wren had prepared in a more elegant -and masculine style, as appears by the -<i>Parentalia</i>; but he was over-ruled.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Monument</span> <i>yard</i>, New Fish street hill, -so called from the Monument placed in -it.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moor</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate, so -called from its vicinity to Moorfields. 2. -Miles lane, near Crooked lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moorfields</span>, a large piece of ground to -the north of London wall, lying between -the east end of Fore street, and the west -end of New Broad street, and extending -as far as Hoxton. These fields originally -took their name from their being one continued -marsh or moor; so that Roger -Achiley, Lord Mayor, in 1521, caused -the ground to be levelled, and bridges -and causeways to be erected over these -fields, in order to render them passable: but -since that time the ground has been raised -and drained, and the whole encompassed -with houses.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Moorfields being a very extensive piece -of ground, is now divided into Lower -Moorfields, Middle Moorfields, and Upper -Moorfields. The first of these divisions -<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>has the hospital of Bethlem, a noble -building, extending along the whole south -side: and here the fields are divided into -four different squares, by very strong, but -clumsey, wooden rails, each containing -a large grass plat, surrounded on each -side by a row of trees. Between these -squares, which are generally denominated -the quarters, are gravel walks; and one -extending from east to west, with a row -of trees on each side, forming a tolerable -vista, is usually denominated the City -Mall; a great concourse of well-dressed -citizens of both sexes walking there, particularly -every Sunday noon in fine -weather, and on evenings.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The east side of this part of Moorfields -is taken up by shops, where old -books are sold at the south east corner, -and second-hand goods of all sorts along -that side.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The rest of Moorfields, containing the -two other divisions, still lie waste, though -they might be converted into gardens or -public walks, and thus be rendered one -of the principal ornaments of this metropolis.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moorgate</span>, situated near the north end of -Coleman street, and 1664 feet to the -west of Bishopsgate, was first erected in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>the year 1415, and received its name -from its opening into Moorfields.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The present edifice, which is one of -the most magnificent gates of the city, -was erected in the year 1674, and consists -of a lofty arch, and two posterns for -foot passengers. The arch is built higher -than the common rules of proportion, -for the sake of the city trained bands -marching through it with their pikes -erected; a weapon now laid aside. Others, -however, are of opinion, that its -height was intended for the better convenience -of bringing carts or waggons -loaded with hay into the city, it having -been intended to make a market for hay -in Little Moorfields; a design which did -not take effect. The upper part is ornamented -with Corinthian pilasters, supporting -their proper entablature, and with a -round pediment, in which is the city -arms. The apartments over the gate are -appropriated to the use of one of the -Lord Mayor’s carvers.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moor’s</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. King’s street, Westminster.† -2. Norton Falgate, near Shoreditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moor Park</span>, near Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire, -is at present the seat of Lord -Anson. The park is not large, but is -very beautiful, whether we consider it -<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>within itself or with regard to the fine -and extensive prospects from it. The -house was originally built by Cardinal -Wolsey, and, passing through many -hands, was afterwards in possession of -the Duke of Monmouth. Then it came -into the hands of Mr. Stiles, who enlarged, -repaired, and beautified it, under -the direction of Sir James Thornhill. It -stands on a hill, not quite on the summit. -It is of stone of the Corinthian order; -and, if not in the highest stile of -architecture, is yet very noble. The -south, or principal front, has a portico -and pediment of four columns. The -offices are joined to the house by a beautiful -circular colonade of the Ionic order, -which terminates very elegantly with -domes on each side their entrance. One -cannot help wishing the house on the top -of the hill, or that part of the hill were -removed, for you can’t now see the principal -front till you are upon it. Even -in the view given in the print, part of -one of the wings is hid by the rising -ground.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moor</span> <i>street</i>, Hog lane, Soho.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moor</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Fashion street, Spitalfields.† -2. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.† 3. -Old Fish street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moravians</span>, a set of dissenters lately established -<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>in England. They have the following -places of worship. 1. Lindsey -House, Chelsea. 2. Monastery, Hatton -Garden. 3. Nevill’s alley, Fetter lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morden College</span>, on the east side of -Blackheath, for the support of poor decayed -and honest merchants, was erected -by Sir John Morden, Bart. a Turky merchant, -several years before his death, -which happened in the year 1708. It -consists of a large brick building, with -two small wings, strengthened at the corners -with stone rustic. The principal -entrance, which is in the center, is decorated -with Doric columns, festoons, -and a pediment on the top, over which -rises a turret, with a dial; and from the -dome, which is supported by scrolls, rises -a ball and fane. To this entrance there -is an ascent by a flight of circular steps; -and having ascended them, and passed -through this part of the building, we enter -an inner square, surrounded with piazzas. -The chapel is neatly wainscoted, -and has a costly altar-piece.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This structure Sir John erected at a -small distance from his own habitation, -in a place called Great Stone Field, and -endowed it, after his Lady’s decease, with -his whole real, copyhold, and personal -<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>estate, to the value of about 1300<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The founder of this noble charity -placed in this hospital twelve decayed -Turky merchants in his life time; but -after his decease, the Lady Morden, finding -that the share allotted her by Sir -John’s last will was insufficient for her -decent support, some parts of the estate -not answering so well as was expected, -she was obliged to reduce the number to -four.</p> - -<p class='c004'>But upon her death the whole estate -coming to the college, the number was -increased, and there are at this time -thirty-five poor gentlemen; and, the -number not being limited, it is to be increased -as the estate will afford; for the -building will conveniently hold forty.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Treasurer, who receives the rents -and revenues, and keeps the books of -the accounts and disbursements of the -college, has 40<i>l.</i> a year; and the Chaplain, -who reads prayers twice a day, and -preaches twice every Sunday, had at first -a salary of 30<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, which the -Lady Morden doubled at her death. -She was, in other respects, a benefactress -of the college, and, as she put up her -husband’s statue in a niche, over the gate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>the trustees put up her’s in another niche, -adjoining to that of her husband. The -pensioners have each 20<i>l.</i> a year, and at -first wore gowns, with the founder’s -badge; but this badge has not been worn -for some years. They have a common -table in the hall to eat and drink together -at meals; and each has a convenient -apartment, with a cellar.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Treasurer, Chaplain, and Pensioners, -are obliged to reside in the college; -and, except in case of sickness, no other -persons are to reside, live, or lodge -there; but no person can be admitted as -a pensioner, who cannot bring a certificate -to prove his being upwards of sixty -years of age.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Seven Turky merchants have the direction -of this hospital, and the nomination -of the persons to be admitted into -it; to them the Treasurer is accountable; -and whenever any of these die, the surviving -trustees chuse others in their room. -<i>Stow’s Survey.</i> <i>Tour through Great Britain.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morgan’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Greenwalk, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morgan’s</span> <i>ground</i>, Chelsea.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morgan’s</span> <i>lane</i>, 1. Old Horselydown -lane.† 2. St. Olave street, Tooley street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morgan’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Greenwalk, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morgan’s</span> <i>yard</i>, by Morgan’s rents.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span><span class='sc'>Morrell’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, near the Nag’s -head in Hackney road, was erected by -the Goldsmiths company, in the year -1705, pursuant to the will of Mr. Richard -Morrel, for the reception of six -poor members of that company, each of -whom has two neat rooms, 2<i>s.</i> per week, -half a chaldron of coals, a quarter of a -hundred of faggots, and a gown every -year. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morrice’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, in the Old Jewry, -was erected by the company of Armourers, -in the year 1551, pursuant to the -will of the Lady Elizabeth Morrice, for -the reception of nine poor widows, who, -according to the discretion of the company, -are allowed from six to twenty shillings -per quarter, and nine bushels of -coals each yearly. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morrison’s</span> <i>court</i>, New lane, Shad -Thames.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morris’s</span> <i>alley</i>, New lane, Shad Thames.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morris’s</span> <i>causeway stairs</i>, Southwark, opposite -Somerset House.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morris’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, near Thames street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Morse’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Marshal street, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mortar</span> <i>alley</i>, Shoreditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mortimer</span> <i>street</i>, Cavendish square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mortimer</span> <i>yard</i>, Tower Hill.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mortlack</span>, in Surry, is situated on the -Thames, between Putney and Richmond, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>about one mile west of Barnes. Here -are two charity schools, and a famous -manufacture for weaving tapestry hangings.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moses</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Willow street, Bank side, -Southwark.* 2. Smock alley, Spitalfields.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moses and Aaron</span> <i>alley</i>, Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moses</span> <i>court</i>, Nightingale lane.* 2. Moses -alley, Willow street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mosley’s</span> <i>court</i>, Philpot lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mouldmakers</span> <i>row</i>, St. Martin’s le Grand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Moulsey</span>, two towns, thus denominated from -the river Mole, which runs between them -into the Thames; <i>East Moulsey</i> is situated -opposite to Hampton Court, and was granted -by King Charles II. to Sir James Clarke, -grandfather to the present lord of the -manor, who had the ferry from thence -to Hampton Court, in the room of which -he has lately erected a handsome bridge, -where a very high toll is taken of all -passengers, carriages, &c.</p> -<p class='c011'><i>West Moulsey</i> is situated about a mile -and a half west from Kingston, and here -is a ferry to Hampton town, which likewise -belongs to the same gentleman.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mount</span> <i>court</i>, Gravel lane, Houndsditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mountford’s</span> <i>court</i>, Fenchurch street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mountmill</span>, at the upper end of Goswell -street. Here was situated one of the forts -<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>erected by order of parliament in the year -1643; but that becoming useless at the -end of the civil war, a windmill was -erected upon it, from which it received -its present name, which is also given to -the street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mount</span> <i>passage</i>, Mount street, near Grosvenor -square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mount Pleasant</span>, Little Gray’s Inn lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mount</span> <i>row</i>, David street, Grosvenor square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mount</span> <i>street</i>, By Mount row.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mourning</span> <i>lane</i>, Hackney.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mouse</span> <i>alley</i>, East Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mudd’s</span> <i>court</i>, Broad street, Ratcliff.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mulberry</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Bermondsey.‡ 2. -White’s alley.‡</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mullin’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Shoe lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mumford’s</span> <i>court</i>. Milk street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Muscovy</span> <i>court</i>, Tower hill.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Museum.</span> See the article <span class='sc'>British Museum</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Musicians</span>, a company incorporated by -letters patent granted by King James I. in -the year 1604.</p> - -<p class='c004'>They are governed by a Master, two -Wardens, and twenty Assistants, and have -a livery of thirty-one members, who on -their admission pay a fine of 40<i>s.</i> but -have no hall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Musick House</span> <i>court</i>, Upper Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Musick House</span> <i>yard</i>, Upper Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span><span class='sc'>Mustard</span> <i>alley</i>, Castle alley.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Muswell Hill</span>, in Middlesex, on the east -side of Highgate, took its name from a -spring or well on the hill, by a house -built by Alderman Roe, which afterwards -came to the present Earl of Bath. By -this well, which was esteemed holy, was -a chapel with an image of our Lady of -Muswell, to which great numbers went -in pilgrimage. Both the manor and -chapel were sold in the reign of Queen -Elizabeth, to Mr. William Roe, in whose -family they continued, till Sir Thomas -Roe, the Ambassador, sold them in the -last century. Some time ago the manor -house was converted into a place of public -entertainment.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mutton</span> <i>court</i>, Maiden lane, Wood street, -Cheapside.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Mutton</span> <i>lane</i>, Clerkenwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>My Lady’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Harrow alley, Whitechapel.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/doodad.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c007'>N.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Nag’s Head</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Bridge yard passage.* -2. Fenchurch street.* 3. -St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 4. In -the Minories.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nag’s Head</span> <i>buildings</i>, Hackney road.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span><span class='sc'>Nag’s Head</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Golden lane, Redcross -street.* 2. Gracechurch street.* -3. Great Tower hill.* 4. Leather lane, -Holborn. 5. Snow hill.* 6. Three Colt -street.* 7. Wentworth street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nag’s Head</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Golden lane.* 2. -Great Swallow street.* 3. Norton Falgate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nailer’s</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Queen street, in the -Mint, Southwark. 2. Silver street, Golden -square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Naked Boy</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* -2. Piccadilly.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Naked Boy</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Little Elbow lane, -Great Elbow lane, Thames street.* 2. -Ludgate hill.* 3. In the Strand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Naked Boy</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Back street, Lambeth.* -2. Deadman’s Place.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nan’s</span> <i>hole</i> or <i>yard</i>, Angel street, St. Martin’s -le Grand.‖</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Narrow</span> <i>alley</i>, Stony lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Narrow</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Limehouse. 2. Ratcliff.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Narrow</span> <i>wall</i>, Lambeth.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nasing</span>, a village in Essex, between Epping -and Harlow.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nassau</span> <i>street</i>, Gerrard street, by Prince’s -street, Soho; probably thus named in -honour of King William III.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Navestock</span>, a village near Brentwood in -Essex.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Navy Office</span>, in Crutched Friars. Here -<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>all affairs relating to the royal navy are -managed by the Commissioners under the -Lords of the Admiralty. It is a very plain -building, that by its appearance gives us -no idea of its importance; but it must be -allowed the merit of being extremely -convenient. The office where the Commissioners -meet, and the clerks keep their -books, is detached from the rest, as a -precaution against accidents by fire, the -papers here being of the utmost importance; -and in the other buildings some of -the Commissioners and other officers reside.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Treasurer of the navy is an officer -of prodigious trust, as he receives and -pays all sums for the use of the navy: his -salary is therefore 2000<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and -800<i>l.</i> for his instruments.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The seven Commissioners have all their -different departments in the management -of the business of this office; and each -has a salary of 500<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>One is Comptroller of the navy: he -attends and comptrols all payments of -wages; is obliged to know the market -price of all stores belonging to shipping, -and to examine and audit all the treasurers, -victuallers, and storekeepers accounts. -This Commissioner has two clerks -who have 100<i>l.</i> a year each: one of 60<i>l.</i> -a year, and nine of 50<i>l.</i> each. Besides -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>in his office for seamen’s wages he has a -chief clerk who has 200<i>l.</i> a year, and also -nine others of 50<i>l.</i> each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Two others are Joint-surveyors of the -navy, and besides the salary of 500<i>l.</i> a -year each, one of them has 80<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i> -for house rent. They are in general to -know the state of all stores, and to see -the wants supplied; to survey the hulls, -masts, and yards, and to estimate the value -of repairs by indenture; to charge all -boatswains and carpenters of the navy -with what stores they have received; -and at the end of each voyage to state and -audit their accounts. They have a chief -clerk, who has 100<i>l.</i> a year, and six others -of 50<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The fourth is Clerk of the acts. It is -his office to record all orders, contracts, -bills, warrants, and other business transacted -by the principal officers and commissioners -of the navy. He has an assistant, -who has a salary of 300<i>l.</i> a year, -and 50<i>l.</i> for house rent; a chief clerk, -who has 100<i>l.</i> a year; another has 70<i>l.</i> -another 60<i>l.</i> and nine others have 50<i>l.</i> -<i>per annum</i> each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The fifth is Comptroller of the Treasurer’s -accounts, and has a clerk of 100<i>l.</i> -a year; another of 60<i>l.</i> another of 50<i>l.</i> -and another of 40<i>l.</i> a year. The ticket -<span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>office is under his inspection, and there -he has two chief clerks of 200<i>l.</i> a year -each; another of 80<i>l.</i> six of 50<i>l.</i> a year -each, and one of 40<i>l.</i> In this office -there are also six extra clerks who have -50<i>l.</i> a year each, and one who has -2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> a day.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The sixth is the Comptroller of the -victualling accounts, who has a clerk of -100<i>l.</i> a year; one of 50<i>l.</i> and one of -40<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The seventh is Comptroller of the store-keeper’s -accounts, who has also a chief -clerk, that has a salary of 100<i>l.</i> a year; -six clerks of 50<i>l.</i> a year each; and another -of 40<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Besides these there are three Extra -Commissioners of the navy, who have -500<i>l.</i> a year, and 80<i>l.</i> each for house -rent; and under these are several clerks, -and other officers.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There is also a Commissioner residing -at Gibraltar, who has 1000<i>l.</i> a year, and -several officers who have considerable salaries -under him: a Commissioner resident -at Chatham yard, at Portsmouth -yard, and at Plymouth yard, who have -500<i>l.</i> a year each; but Deptford and -Woolwich yards are under the immediate -inspection of the navy board; as Sheerness -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>yard is under the inspection of the -Commissioner at Chatham.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The number of these Officers and -Commissioners have been increased on -account of the exigence of affairs; but -the principal of them hold their offices by -patent under the great seal.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Neal’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Great St. Andrew street, Seven -Dials.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Neat House</span> <i>lane</i>, Upper Millbank.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Neat Houses</span>, Near Chelsea Bridge.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Neckinger</span> <i>lane</i>, Rotherhith wall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Neckinger</span> <i>road</i>, Neckinger lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Needlemakers</span>, a company incorporated -by letters patent granted by Oliver Cromwell, -in 1656, consisting of a Master, -two Wardens, eighteen Assistants, and -forty-eight Liverymen, who upon their -admission pay a fine of 3<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> but -having no hall they transact their business -in Guildhall.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It is remarkable that by an act of Common -Council in 1658, it was ordered -that every needlemaker free of the city, -of whatever company they be, should -from thenceforward be subject to the -search and survey of this company; that -no needlemaker of any other company -should bind an apprentice to himself, till -he had first bound him to the Master or -<span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>one of the Wardens or Assistants of the -Needlemakers company, who should turn -over such an apprentice to him, before -the Chamberlain of London, in order -that all such apprentices might be made -free of the Needlemakers company; and -that any such master, not being free of -that company, who should take an apprentice -in any other manner, should forfeit -the sum of 20<i>l.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nell’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, St. Catharine’s.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nelmes</span>, a village in Essex, on the east side -of Rumford.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nelson’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Drury lane.† 2. Rosemary -lane, Tower hill.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Neptune</span> <i>street</i>, Wellclose square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Netherhall</span>, a village in Essex, on the -north side of Chipping Ongar.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Netherhall</span>, a village in Essex, near Great -and Little Parndon, and at the conflux of -the Lee and the Stort.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nettleton’s</span> <i>court</i>, Aldersgate street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nettlewell</span>, a village on the south west -side of Harlow.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nevill’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Fetter lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nevill’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Church street, Lambeth.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nevis</span> <i>court</i>, Near the Upper Ground, -Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>alley</i>, In Hoxton.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Bedford</span> <i>court</i>, Eagle court, Strand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Belton</span> <i>street</i>, Long Acre.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span><span class='sc'>New Black Raven</span> <i>court</i>, Near Chiswell -street, Moorfields.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Bond</span> <i>street</i>, a street which consists -of handsome new buildings, near Oxford -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Bosvile</span> <i>court</i>, Carey street, Lincoln’s -Inn Fields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Broad</span> <i>street</i>, 1. A handsome street inhabited -by merchants and other gentlemen; -extending from the end of Broad -street to Moorfields. 2. Marshal street, -Carnaby street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Buildings</span>, 1. Coleman street. 2. -Dunning’s alley, Bishopsgate street without. -3. Feathers alley, in the Maze, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Burlington</span> <i>street</i>, Swallow street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newbury’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, on the north side of -Mile-end green, also called the Skinners -Almshouses, was erected by that company -in the year 1688, pursuant to the -will of Lewis Newbury, for twelve poor -widows of the Skinners company, who -have an allowance of 5<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> a year, and -half a chaldron of coals each.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newcastle</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Butcher Row, by -Temple Bar. 2. Newcastle street, by -Chick lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newcastle</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Chick lane, Smithfield. -2. From Seacoal lane to Fleet -market. 3. Whitechapel.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span><span class='sc'>New Cock</span> <i>lane</i>, 1. Brick lane, Spitalfields.* -2. Swan fields, Shoreditch.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Angel alley. 2. Blackman -street, Southwark. 3. Bow lane, Cheapside. -4. Bowling alley, Dean’s yard, Westminster. -5. Brown’s street. 6. Canon -row, Westminster. 7. Carey street, Lincoln’s -Inn Fields. 8. St. Catharine’s court, -near the Tower. 9. Fore street, Cripplegate. -10. George yard, Whitechapel. 11. -Goswell street, Aldersgate street. 12. New -Gravel lane, Shadwell. 13. Old Gravel -lane, Ratcliff Highway. 14. Great St. -Anne’s lane, by Orchard street, Westminster. -15. Hand alley. 16. Harrow alley, -Petticoat lane. 17. Hart street, Crutched -Friars. 18. High Holborn. 19. Hog -lane. 20. Kent street. 21. Knightsbridge. -22. Lamb alley. 23. Little Broad -street. 24. Little Newport street. 25. -St. Margaret’s hill. 26. Middle Temple. -27. Moor lane. 28. Narrow street, Ratcliff. -29. Newington Butts. 30. New -street. 31. Nightingale lane. 32. Peter -street, Westminster. 33. Petticoat lane, -Whitechapel. 34. Pig street, Threadneedle -street. 35. Quaker street, Spitalfields. -36. Rosemary lane, Tower hill. -37. St. Swithin’s lane, Canon street. 38. -Throgmorton street. 39. Wentworth -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>street. 40. White Horse yard. 41. White -street. 42. York street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Crane</span>, Wapping Wall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Crane</span> <i>stairs</i>, Wapping.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Fish</span> <i>street</i>, By Great Eastcheap.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Fish Street</span> <i>hill</i>, New Fish street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newgate</span>, is situated 1037 feet south west -from Aldersgate, and is thought by most -Antiquarians, to be so denominated from -its being first erected in the reign of -Henry I. several ages after the four original -gates of the city: Howel is however -of a contrary opinion, and asserts that -it was only repaired in the above reign, -and that it was anciently denominated -Chamberlain gate; tho’ it is very extraordinary, -that this gate is not once mentioned -before the conquest. But be this -as it will, it appears from ancient records, -that it was called Newgate, and was a -common jail for felons taken in the city -of London, or the county of Middlesex, -so early as the year 1218; and that so -lately as the year 1457, Newgate, and -not the Tower, was a prison for the nobility -and great officers of state.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At length Newgate being much damaged -by the fire of London in 1666, -the present beautiful structure was erected. -The west side is adorned with three -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>ranges of Tuscan pilasters, with their entablatures, -and in the inter-columniations -are four niches, in one of which is -a figure representing Liberty; the word -<i>Libertas</i> is inscribed on her cap, and at -her feet lies a cat, in allusion to Sir -Richard Whittington, a benefactor to the -prison, who is said to have made the first -step to his good fortune by a cat.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The inside of the gate is also adorned -with a range of pilasters, with their entablatures, -and in three niches are the -figures of Justice, Mercy and Truth.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The author of <i>The Review</i> observes,</p> -<p class='c009'>“That Newgate considered as a prison, -is a structure of more cost and beauty -than was necessary, because the sumptuousness -of the outside but aggravates -the misery of the wretches within: -but as a gate to such a city as London, -it might have received considerable -additions both of design and execution, -and abundantly answered the cost in -the reputation of building. The gate -of a city erected rather for ornament -than use, ought to be in the style of -the ancient triumphal arches; and it -must be allowed, that hardly any kind -of building, admits of more beauty or -perfection.”</p> - -<p class='c010'>If Newgate be considered as a prison, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>it is indeed a very dismal one. It is the -county jail for Middlesex, both for debtors -and malefactors, as well as the city -prison for criminals. The debtor rendered -unfortunate by the vicissitudes of trade, -or unforeseen losses, has the reproach of -being confined in the same prison with the -greatest villains; and too often his being -in Newgate is imputed by the ignorant to -crimes which he abhors. On the other -hand, those confined as criminals, are, -even before they are found guilty by the -laws of their country, packed so close together, -that the air being corrupted by -their stench and nastiness, occasions a dismal -contagious disease, called the Jail -distemper, which has frequently carried -off great numbers, and even spread its -contagion to the Court of Justice, where -they take their trials. But to prevent -these dreadful effects the city has introduced -a ventilator on the top of Newgate, -to expel the foul air, and make way for -the admission of such as is fresh; and during -the sessions herbs are also strewed in -the Justice Hall, and the passages to it, -to prevent infection.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In this prison there are however commodious -and airy apartments for the use -of such as are able to pay for them; and -the advantage of a private passage behind -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>the houses to Justice Hall in the Old Bailey, -where they are in no danger of being -rescued, while going to, or coming -back from their trials. It is to -be wished that this prison was made -still more commodious; that the little -cells of the malefactors were enlarged -and rendered more airy, and that the -proposal so often talked of, of building -another prison for the debtors, was carried -into execution.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newgate Market</span>, before the dreadful -fire of London, was kept in Newgate -street, where there was a market house -for meal, and a middle row of sheds, -which Maitland says, were afterwards -converted into houses, inhabited by butchers, -tripesellers, &c. while the country -people, who brought provisions to the -city, were forced to stand with their stalls -in the open street, where their persons -and goods were exposed to danger by the -passage of coaches, carts, and cattle that -passed through the streets. This must -be allowed to have been a very inconvenient -market, and the houses or sheds in -the middle of the street, must almost -have choaked up the passage, or at least -have rendered it liable to frequent obstructions. -At that time Butcher hall -lane was filled with slaughter houses for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>the use of this market, and Blowbladder -street was rendered remarkable by blown -bladders hanging in the windows of the -shops, where bladders were sold.</p> - -<p class='c004'>After the fire of London, which afforded -an opportunity of rendering the -new streets more commodious than the -old ones had been, it was ordered by act -of parliament that Newgate market should -be removed from the street, and a square -was formed on the south side for that purpose, -surrounded by decent houses. This -square is 194 feet long from east to west, -and 148 feet broad from north to south. -In the middle is a market house, under -which are vaults or cellars, and the upper -part of the building is employed as a kind -of warehouse for the fruiterers, and the -keepers of green stalls by night. In the shops -under this building tripe and other things -are sold, and in the middle near the market -house are sold fruit and greens. At a convenient -distance are shops for butchers, the -sellers of butter, &c. and the houses beyond -these, which extend along the sides -of the market, are also taken up by butchers. -It may be proper to observe with -respect to the butter shops, that some of -these contract for the produce of several -dairies, and that it is not uncommon for -one of these shops to take 30 or 40<i>l.</i> for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>butter alone, in a morning, even before -eight or nine o’clock. The passages to -the market from Paternoster row and -Newgate street, are taken up with poulterers, -bacon shops, fishmongers, and -cheesemongers.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newgate</span> <i>street</i>, is a street of considerable -trade, and extends from Blowbladder -street, to Newgate.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New George</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Near Bethnal green. -2. St. John’s street, Spitalfields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Gravel</span> <i>lane</i>, Shadwell. Thus named -from the carts loaded with gravel passing -through it to the Thames, where the -gravel was employed in ballasting of ships, -before ballasting was taken out of the -river. It obtained the epithet of New, -to distinguish it from the Old Gravel -lane, which was used for the same purpose -long before.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newell</span> <i>street</i>, Berwick street, Old Soho.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Jail</span>, in Southwark, a prison lately -erected near Bridewell alley, in the Borough, -for felons in the county of Surry.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newington Butts</span>, a village in Surry, -extending from the end of Blackman -street, to Kennington common, is said to -receive the name of Butts, from the exercise -of shooting at Butts, much practised, -both here and in the other towns of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>England, in the reign of King Henry VIII. -&c. to fit men to serve in the regiment -of archers. But Mr. Aubrey thinks it -received this name from the Butts of -Norfolk, who had an estate here. The -Drapers and Fishmongers company have -almshouses here: and Mr. Whatley observes, -that here were planted the first -peaches so much esteemed, distinguished -by the name of Newington peaches. The -church here, which is dedicated to St. -Mary, is a rectory in the gift of the Bishop -of Winchester, and the profits arising -to the Incumbent amount to about -140<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>. <i>Maitland.</i> See <span class='sc'>Stoke -Newington</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newington</span> <i>causeway row</i>, Blackman street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newington Green</span>, a pleasant village between -Islington and Stoke Newington, -chiefly consisting of a handsome square -of a considerable extent surrounded by -houses which are in general well built; -before each side is a row of trees, and an -extensive grass plat in the middle. It is -in the parish of Stoke Newington; -on one side of the ground is a meeting -house. See <span class='sc'>Stoke Newington</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Inn</span>, contiguous to St. Clement’s Inn, -in Wych street, is one of the Inns of -Chancery, and was founded about the -year 1485, for the reception of the students -<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>of an Inn of Chancery, at the south -east corner of Seacoal lane.</p> - -<p class='c004'>New Inn is an appendage to the Middle -Temple, and is governed by a Treasurer -and twelve Ancients, who, with -the other members, are to be in commons -a week every term, or to compound -for the same. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Inn</span> <i>court</i>, Wych street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Inn</span> <i>passage</i>, Houghton street, Clare -market.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Inn</span> <i>yard</i>, Holiwell street, Shoreditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>lane</i>, Shad Thames.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newman’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. In Cornhill.† 2. Farmer’s -street, Shadwell.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newmarket</span> <i>street</i>, Wapping.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Marten</span> <i>street</i>, Near East Smithfield.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Nicol</span> <i>street</i>, Swanfields, Shoreditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New North</span> <i>street</i>, Theobald’s row, Red -Lion street, Holborn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Packthread</span> <i>alley</i>, Grange road, -Bermondsey.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Packthread</span> <i>yard</i>, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Palace</span> <i>yard</i>, by Union street, Westminster. -When King Richard II. rebuilt -Westminster Hall in the year 1397, that -part was called the New Palace, and being -inclosed with a wall, it had four -gates, of which that leading to Westminster -stairs is the only one now standing. -The three others that have been -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>demolished were, one on the north, which -led to the Woolstaple; another to the -west, a beautiful and stately edifice called -High Gate, at the east end of Union street; -and another at the north end of St. Margaret’s -lane. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Park</span>, in Surry. See <span class='sc'>Richmond</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Paradise</span> <i>street</i>, Rotherhith.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Passage</span>, 1. Bull and Mouth street, -St. Martin’s le Grand. 2. Newgate market.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Peter</span> <i>street</i>, Peter street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newport</span> <i>alley</i>, Newport street, near Newport -market.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newport</span> <i>court</i>, Little Newport street, near -Long Acre.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newport Market</span>, Litchfield street, a -square with shops round it, with a market -house in the middle, in which are shops -for butchers, &c.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newport</span> <i>street</i>, Castle street, near Newport -market.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Prison</span>, near the east end of Clerkenwell -green, is a house of correction for -the county of Middlesex, in which rogues -and vagabonds are kept to hard labour. It -was erected in the year 1615.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Prison</span> <i>walk</i>, a passage leading to the -New Prison, Clerkenwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Pump</span> <i>court</i>, Moor lane, Cripplegate.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Pye</span> <i>street</i>, by Orchard street, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span><span class='sc'>New Queen</span> <i>street</i>, Oxford street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Rag Fair</span>, Rosemary lane, Little -Tower hill.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Rents</span>, 1. Compter lane, St. Margaret’s -hill. 2. St. Martin’s le Grand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New River.</span> Various were the projects in -the reigns of Queen Elizabeth, and King -James I. for supplying the city of London -with a sufficient quantity of water, -for domestic uses: the former granted an -act of parliament, which gave the citizens -liberty to cut and convey a river from any -part of Middlesex or Hertfordshire to the -city of London, within the limited time -of ten years; and the latter granted another -act, in which they obtained the same -power, but without being confined to -any limited time: nobody however began -this great and important work, till -at last Sir Hugh Middleton undertook to -bring a river from Amwell in Hertfordshire -to the north side of London near -Islington.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The work began on the 20th of September -1608, and was attended with innumerable -difficulties. The distance from -London is twenty miles, and he was -obliged, in order to avoid the eminences -and vallies in the way, to make it run a -course of thirty-eight miles three quarters -and sixteen poles, and to carry it over -<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>two vallies in long wooden frames or -troughs lined with lead; that at Buthill, -being six hundred and sixty feet in length, -and thirty in height; under which, for -the passage of the land waters is an arch -capacious enough to admit under it the -largest waggon laden with hay, or straw: -the other near Highbury is four hundred -and sixty-two feet long, and seventeen in -height, where it is raised along the top -of high artificial banks, and at the bottom -of the hollow supported by poles, so -that any person may walk under it. In -short over and under this river, which -sometimes rises thus high, and at others -is conveyed under ground, runs several -considerable currents of land waters, and -both above and below it a great number -of brooks, rills, and water courses have -their passage.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This river, which is of inestimable -benefit to London, was by this truly great -man brought to the city within the space -of five years, and was admitted into the -reservoir near Islington on Michaelmas -day 1613; on which day Sir Thomas -Middleton, brother to the great Sir Hugh, -was elected Lord Mayor for the ensuing -year, who accompanying Sir John Swinerton, -then Lord Mayor, attended by many -of the Aldermen, the Recorder, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>other gentlemen, repaired to the bason, now -called New River Head, when about sixty -labourers, handsomely dressed, and wearing -green caps, carrying spades, shovels, -and pickaxes, marched, preceded by drums -and trumpets, thrice round the bason, -when stopping before the Lord Mayor, -Aldermen, and other gentlemen, who -were seated upon an eminence, one of -the labourers addressed himself to them -in a long copy of verses, which being -ended, the sluices were opened, and the -stream ran plentifully into the reservoir, -under the sound of drums and trumpets, -the discharge of several pieces of ordnance, -and the loud acclamations of the -people.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Sir Hugh Middleton, to enable himself -to complete this grand work, had at last, -after spending his own fortune, been -obliged to apply to King James I. who advancing -a sum of money became entitled -to a moiety of the profits; he was also -obliged to sell many other shares, and in -short, was in a manner entirely ruined by -a project, that has been attended with -unspeakable benefit to this city: since by -the water of this river, a speedy stop has -been put to a great number of dreadful -fires, and the health of the city has been -remarkably preserved by the cleanliness it -<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>has introduced among us. Yet so little -was the great advantages that might then, -and are now derived from this river, at -that time understood, that for above thirty -years there were not divided above 5<i>l.</i> -odd money, to each of the shares, which -are seventy-two in number.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This river now draws most of its water -from the Lee, which being the property -of the city of London, that corporation, -contrary to the interest of the city in -general, opposed a bill brought into parliament -for giving farther powers to the -New River company, to take the advantage -that might be obtained by the river -Lee: but the opposition was without -effect, and in 1738–9 the bill passed into -a law.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Governors of the New River -company then agreed with the proprietors -of the lands on the river Lee for a -cut of two cubic feet of water from that -river, at a certain rate; and after the -agreement, told them they would double -the price for a four foot cut, which the -proprietors agreed to, not considering the -great disproportion between the two cuts; -and this cut of the river Lee now supplies -the largest share of the New River -water.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In this river there are forty three -<span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>sluices, and over it two hundred and -fifteen bridges. On its approaching the -reservoir, called New River Head, -there are several small houses erected at a -considerable distance from each other on -its banks, into which the water runs and -is conveyed by pipes to the nearer and -more easterly parts of this metropolis. -On its entering the above reservoir, it is -there ingulphed by fifty-eight main pipes, -each of seven inches bore; and here also -an engine worked by horses, throws a -great quantity of water up to another reservoir, -situated on much higher ground, -from which the water runs in pipes to -supply the highest ground in the city, and -its liberties. Many years ago 30,000 -houses were thus supplied by this water, -and since that time several main pipes have -been laid to carry it into the liberties of -Westminster.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This corporation consists of a Governor, -Deputy Governor, Treasurer, and -twenty-six Directors, these twenty-nine -are the proprietors of the first thirty-six -shares: for though the Crown’s moiety -is in private hands, yet they have no share -in the management. The above Governor -and Directors keep their office at a -coffee-house in Ludgate street where every -Thursday they hold a board for appointing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>of officers, granting of leases, and redressing -of grievances.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The officers and servants belonging to -the company are, a clerk and his assistant; -a surveyor and his deputy; fourteen -collectors, who, after deducting 5<i>l.</i> <i>per -cent.</i> for collecting the company’s rents, -pay their money every Thursday to the -treasurer; fourteen walksmen, who have -their several walks along the river, to prevent -throwing into it filth, or infectious -matter; sixteen turncocks; twelve paviours; -twenty borers of pipes; besides -horse engines for boring of others, together -with a great number of inferior servants -and labourers.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Round</span> <i>court</i>, In the Strand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>square</i>, 1. Lincoln’s Inn. 2. In the -Minories. 3. New street, St. Thomas’s, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. Cambridge -street. 3. Cloth Fair, Smithfield. -4. Dyot street, St. Giles’s. 5. Horselydown. -6. Fore street, Lambeth. 7. Fox’s -lane, Shadwell. 8. Lower Shadwell. 9. -St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross. 10. -Old street. 11. Queen street, in the Mint. -12. Shoe lane, Fleet street. 13. Shoemaker -row, Black Friars. 14. Spring Gardens, -Charing Cross. 15. St. Thomas’s -<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>Southwark. 16. Threadneedle street. 17. -Upper Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Street</span> <i>hill</i>, Shoe lane, Fleet street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Street</span> <i>square</i>, near Shoe lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Street Square</span> <i>lane</i>, Shoe lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Swan</span> <i>yard</i>, Rag street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Thames</span> <i>street</i>, Bank side, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Thames Street</span> <i>stairs</i>, Bank side.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newton’s</span> <i>court</i>, Vine street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Newton</span> <i>street</i>, High Holborn.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Tothill</span> <i>street</i>, Near Westminster -Abbey.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Turnstile</span> <i>alley</i>, Holborn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Turville</span> <i>street</i>, Virginia row, Shoreditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New Tyler</span> <i>street</i>, Carnaby street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>way</i>, 1. In the Maze, Tooley street. -2. Orchard street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>well</i>, Shad Thames, Horselydown.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New</span> <i>yard</i>, Fenchurch street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>New York</span> <i>street</i>, Skinners street, Shoreditch.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Nicholas Acons</span>, a church which -stood on the west side of Nicholas lane, -in Langbourn ward, owed its name to -its dedication to St. Nicholas, a citizen of -Lycia in Asia Minor, who, though only -a private housekeeper, was, from the caprice -of the electors, chosen Bishop of -Myræa; for the Bishops and Priests interested -in the election not agreeing about -<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>the choice, came to an unanimous resolution -that whatever person should first -enter the church the next day, should -be elected Bishop: when Nicholas repairing -early next morning, to perform -his devotions, being the first that entered, -was chosen Bishop, pursuant to the above -resolution; in which office his deportment -was such, as to procure him a place -among the class of saints.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The church being destroyed with most -of the other public buildings by the fire -of London, and not rebuilt, the parish was -annexed to the church of St. Edmund -the King. <i>Newc. Repert. Eccles.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Nicholas</span> <i>alley</i>, St. Nicholas lane, Lombard -street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Nicholas Cole Abbey</span>, on the south -side of Old Fish street, in Queenhithe -ward, is thus denominated from its dedication -to the above-mentioned saint, but -the reason of the additional epithet is not -known, some conjecturing that it is a -corruption of Golden Abbey, and others -that it is derived from Cold Abbey, or -Coldbey, from its cold or bleak situation. -It is known that there was a church in the -same place before the year 1383: but the -last structure being consumed in the great -conflagration in 1666, the present church -<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>was built in its place, and the parish of -St. Nicholas Olave united to it.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This edifice consists of a plain body -well enlightened by a single range of windows -decently ornamented. It is sixty-three -feet long, and forty-three broad; -thirty-six feet high to the roof, and an -hundred thirty-five to the top of the -spire. The tower is plain, but strengthened -with rustic at the corners; and the -spire, which is of the massy kind, has a -gallery, and many openings.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The advowson of this church, which -was anciently in the Dean and Chapter -of St. Martin’s le Grand, is now in the -Crown. The Rector, besides his other -profits, receives 130<i>l.</i> a year in lieu of -tithes. <i>Maitland.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Nicholas</span> <i>lane</i>, extends from Lombard -street to Canon street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Nicholas Shambles</span>, a church formerly -situated at the corner of Butcher hall -lane, took its additional epithet from -the flesh market, which before the fire -of London extended along Newgate -street. This church with its ornaments -was given by King Henry VIII. to the -Mayor and Commonalty of the city, towards -the maintenance of the new parish -church then to be erected in the Grey -Friars. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span><span class='sc'>Nicholas’s Almshouse</span>, in Monkwell -street, was founded in the year 1575, by -Sir Ambrose Nicholas, citizen and salter, -for the accommodation of twelve widows -of his company, to each of whom he allowed -1<i>s.</i> <i>per</i> week, and twenty-four -bushels of coals a year. This charity he -committed in trust to the company of -Salters; the house was however destroyed -in the great conflagration in 1666; but -was soon after rebuilt, and each widow -allowed two neat rooms and a garret. -<i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nicoll’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Cable street, Rag Fair, Rosemary -lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nicoll’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Rosemary lane, Little -Tower hill.† 2. Sharp’s alley.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nicoll’s</span> <i>street</i>, Shoreditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nightingale</span> <i>lane</i>, 1. East Smithfield.† -2. Fore street, Limehouse.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nightingale</span> <i>turning</i>, at the Hermitage, -Wapping.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nippard’s</span> <i>court</i>, Baldwin’s Gardens.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nixon’s</span> <i>court</i>, Barnaby street, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nixon’s</span> <i>square</i>, a very mean little square, -by Jewin street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Noah’s Ark</span> <i>alley</i>, Narrow street, Ratcliff.* -Noble street, 1. Foster lane, Cheapside.† -2. Goswell street, by Aldersgate bars.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Noel</span> <i>street</i>, Burlington Gardens.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nonesuch</span>, in Surry, is situated near Sutton -and Epsom, and was formerly called Cuddington, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>till a most magnificent palace -was erected there, by Henry VIII. which -obtained the name of Nonesuch from its -unparallelled beauty. The learned Hentzner, -in his <i>Itinerarium</i>, speaking of this -palace, says, that it was chosen for his -pleasure and retirement, and built by him -with an excess of magnificence and elegance -even to ostentation: one would -imagine every thing that architecture can -perform to have been employed in this -one work: there are every where so many -statues that seem to breathe, so many -miracles of consummate art, so many casts -that rival even the perfection of Roman -antiquity, that it may well claim and justify -its name of Nonesuch.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The palace itself is so encompassed with -parks full of deer, delightful gardens, -groves ornamented with trellis work, -cabinets of verdure, and walks so embrowned -by trees, that it seems to be a -place pitched upon by Pleasure herself, to -dwell in along with Health.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the pleasure and artificial gardens -are many columns and pyramids of marble, -two fountains that spout water one round -the other, like a pyramid, upon which -are perched small birds that stream water -out of their bills: in the grove of Diana -is a very agreeable fountain, with Actæon -turned into a stag, as he was sprinkled -<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>by the goddess and her nymphs, with inscriptions.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There is besides another pyramid of -marble full of concealed pipes, which spirt -upon all who come within their reach.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Such was this palace and gardens when -Hentzner wrote, but King Charles II. gave -it to the Duchess of Cleveland, who pulled -it down and sold the materials; wherewith -a new house was built by the Earl -of Berkley, which was the seat of the late -Earl of Guildford, and is now called Durdans; -and Nonesuch, though it gives the -title of Baron to the Duke of Cleveland, -is now only a farm house.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Norfolk</span> <i>street</i>, in the Strand. The bishop -of Bath’s palace in the Strand, was afterwards, -says Maitland, the Earl of Arundel’s, -whence Arundel and Norfolk streets had -their names.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Norman’s</span> <i>court</i>, Cable street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Norris’s</span> <i>street</i>, 1. In the Haymarket.† -2. Spitalfields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Norris’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, Millbank, Westminster -Horse ferry.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Norrison’s</span> <i>court</i>, near Stangate.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>North Audley</span> <i>street</i>, Grosvenor square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>North End</span>, a pleasant village near Hammersmith, -where are the handsome house -and finely disposed gardens of the Earl -of Tilney, and of the late Sir John -Stanley.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span><span class='sc'>North</span> <i>court</i>, South street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Northall</span>, a village on the north side of -Enfield Chace, three miles north of High -Barnet, is said to be corruptly so called -from Northaw, or the North Grove, here -being a wood that belonged to the monastery -of St. Alban’s. A noble house was -built here in the reign of Queen Elizabeth -by Henry Dudley Earl of Warwick; after -whose death it came to several possessors, -and being sold to William Leman, descended -to Sir William Leman his grandson, -who has given the rent of the wells -to the poor of the parish. King James I. -also gave 40<i>l.</i> a year to the town in lieu of -the ground he laid into his park, at Theobald’s -out of the common.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>North</span> <i>passage</i>, Wellclose square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>North Prescot</span> <i>alley</i>, St. John’s street, -Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>North</span> <i>row</i>, North Audley street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>North</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Lamb street, Spitalfields. -2. Poplar. 3. Smith Square, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Northampton</span> <i>street</i>, Wood’s close, St. -John street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Northumberland</span> <i>alley</i>, Fenchurch -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Northumberland</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Southampton -buildings, Chancery lane. 2. In the -strand.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span> -<img src='images/i060.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>Northumberland House & Charing Cross.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>J. Green sc. Oxon.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Northumberland House</span>, derives its -name from the title of the ancient and noble -family, in whose possession it has been -above 100 years. It is the town residence -of the Right Honourable the Earl and -Countess of Northumberland, and one of -the largest and most magnificent houses -in London. It was originally built very -early in the reign of James I. by Henry -Howard Earl of Northampton; and it is -reasonable to infer from some letters discovered -in the front when it was lately rebuilt, -that one Miles Glover was the -architect.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At first it consisted only of three sides -of a square; one of which faced the street -near Charing Cross, and the other two -extended towards the Thames. The entrance -was then, as it is now, thro’ a spacious -arched gateway for coaches in the -middle of the street front; and, what -is remarkable, the principal apartments -were in the third or highest story. During -the life of the aforesaid Lord, it was -called Northampton House, after his death -it became the property of his near relation -the Earl of Suffolk; in whose time it does -not appear to have undergone any change -except in name; for it was thereupon called -Suffolk House.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>In the reign of Charles I. Algernon -Earl Of Northumberland, the Lord High -Admiral of England, married Lord Suffolk’s -daughter, and about the year -1642, became the proprietor of this -house; from which time it has been well -known by the name it now bears. To -prevent mistakes, we beg leave to observe, -that the Northumberland House, which -is often mentioned in history before this -period, stood in Aldersgate ward in the -city, and was formerly, what this house -is at present, the town seat of the Earls -of Northumberland. But to return.</p> - -<p class='c004'>When London became more populous, -and the buildings about Charing Cross -daily increased, ‘twas found inconvenient -to live in the apartments, which had -been built by Lord Northampton; because -they were greatly disturbed by the -hurry and noise of passengers and coaches -in the street. To avoid therefore that -inconvenience, the aforesaid Earl of -Northumberland compleated the square -by building the fourth side; which being -parallel and opposite to that next the -street, is placed at a sufficient distance -from the aforesaid disturbances, and almost -enjoys all the advantages of retirement -and a country seat. Inigo Jones -appears to have been the architect employed -<span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>for that purpose, and the front of -the new side, which he built facing the -garden, is very grand and stately, as the -reader may see from the perspective view -of it, annexed to this account.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Perhaps it will please some of our readers -to be informed, that Lord Northumberland -received General Monk, and had -a conference with him and several of the -leading men in the nation in one of these -apartments. At which meeting the King’s -restoration was for the first time proposed -in direct terms, as a measure absolutely -necessary to the peace of the -kingdom.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the year 1682, Charles Duke of -Somerset married the Lady Elizabeth -Percy, the daughter and heiress of Josceline -Earl of Northumberland, and by -that means became possessed of this -house. Upon his death it descended to -his son Algernon, by the aforesaid Lady, -who succeeded to the title and a very -large estate in 1748. His Grace immediately -began to make alterations in some -of the apartments, and to rebuild the -front next the street; but, dying the -year after, he did not live sufficient time -to finish either.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The house in that condition, descended -to his son-in-law and daughter, the present -<span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>Earl and Countess of Northumberland; -and it is in a great measure owing -to the improvements, made by them at -a very great expence and in a very fine -taste, that Northumberland House is become -a building so complete and stately, as -to be generally admired for its elegance -and grandeur.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The street was immediately made -wider, and the front next to it compleated, -as it appears in the print prefixed to -this description. The four sides of the -court were new faced with Portland stone, -and finished in the Roman stile of architecture, -so as to form as it were four -stately fronts. Two new wings were also -added, being above 100 feet in length, -and extending from the garden front, towards -the Thames. By means of these -additions Northumberland House is more -than twice as large as it was, when first -built by Lord Northampton.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The entrance into it is on the side of -the court opposite to the great gateway; -the vestibule is about 82 feet long, and -more than 12 feet broad, being properly -ornamented with columns of the Doric order. -Each end of it communicates with -a stair case, leading to the principal apartments, -which face the garden and the -Thames. They consist of several spacious -<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>rooms, fitted up in the most elegant -manner. The ceilings are embellished -with copies of antique paintings, or fine -ornaments of stucco, richly gilt. The -chimney pieces consist of statuary and -other curious marble, carved and finished -in the most correct taste. The rooms -are hung either with beautiful tapestry or -the richest damasks, and magnificently -furnished with large glasses, chairs, settees, -marble tables, &c. with frames -of the most exquisite workmanship, and -richly gilt. They also contain a great -variety of landscapes, history pieces, and -portraits, painted by Titian and the most -eminent masters. In some of the rooms -may be seen large chests, embellished -with old genuine japan; which being -great rarities, are almost invaluable.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The company passes thro’ many of these -apartments to the left wing, which forms -a state gallery or ball room, admirable in -every respect, whether we consider the -dimensions, the taste, and masterly manner -in which it is finished, or the -elegant magnificence of the furniture.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It is 106 feet long, the breadth being -a fourth part of the length, and the -height equal to the diagonal of the square -of the breadth; which proportions are -esteemed to be the most proper for a gallery. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>The ceiling is coved and ornamented -with figures and festoons richly gilt. To -avoid repetitions, we beg leave once -for all to say the same of the other -decorations and frames of the furniture; -for there is such a variety of gilding -in the different parts of the gallery, -that it would be endless to mention it in -every particular description. But to proceed, -the flat part of the ceiling is divided -into five compartments, ornamented with -fine imitations of some antique figures, -as, a flying Fame blowing a trumpet; a -Diana; a triumphal car drawn by two -horses; a Flora; and a Victory holding -out a laurel wreath. The entablature is -Corinthian, and of most exquisite workmanship. -The light is admitted thro’ -nine windows in the side next the garden, -being equidistant from one another, -and in the same horizontal direction. -Above these is another row of windows, -which, tho’ not visible in the room, are -so artfully placed as to throw a proper -quantity of light over the cornice, so that -the highest parts of the room are as much -enlightened as the lowest, and the pictures -on the opposite side are free from -that confused glare, which would arise -from a less judicious disposition. In the -spaces between the windows, there are -<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>tables of antique marble, and stools covered -with crimson damask, placed alternately. -The piers are also ornamented -with large square and oval glasses, arranged -in the aforesaid order; the frames of -which form a beautiful variety of foliage -to adorn the higher parts quite up to the -entablature.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Let us now pass over to the opposite -side, which is divided into three large -spaces by two chimney pieces made of statuary -marble, with cornices supported by -figures of Phrygian captives, copied from -those in the Capitol at Rome, and executed -in a very masterly manner. The finishing -above the chimney pieces consists of -terms, sphinxes, festoons, &c. and within -the spaces formed by these ornaments -are placed whole length portraits of the -Earl and Countess of Northumberland in -their robes.</p> - -<p class='c004'>That the three grand divisions of this side -might be furnished in an elegant manner, -his Lordship employed the most eminent -masters to copy five of the most admired -paintings in Italy, which are placed as -follows: in the middle and largest division -is Raphael’s celebrated school of Athens, -copied from the original in the Vatican by -Raphael Mengs. In the two other divisions -on the right and left hand side -<span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span>of the former are placed the feast and -council of the Gods, which were also -painted by Raphael, and copied by -Pompeio Battoni from the originals in the -Little Farnese. The two ends of the -gallery are ornamented with the triumphal -procession of Bacchus and Ariadne (originally -painted by Annibal Caracci in the -Farnese palace) and Guido’s Aurora. The -former was copied by Felice Costansi, and -the latter by Masuccio, a scholar of Carlo -Maratti, from the original in the Villa -Rospigliosi. All these pictures are very -large, being exactly of the same dimensions -with the originals, and are copied in a -very masterly manner. We heartily wish -his Lordship’s taste in procuring them -may incite those, who can afford it, to -follow the example, and purchase copies -of such paintings as are universally admired; -for by these means not only private -curiosity would be gratified, but -the public taste also greatly improved.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Under the aforesaid pictures are placed -large sophas, covered with crimson damask -and richly ornamented. This gallery is -lighted up for the reception of company -in the evenings, by means of four glass -lustres, consisting in all of as many -branches as will receive 100 large wax -candles, and suspended from the ceiling -<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>by long chains, magnificently gilt. We -shall close our imperfect account of this -stately gallery, by wishing that it was in -the power of words to describe the fine -effects, which arise from a view of its -numberless beauties.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Besides the apartments already mentioned, -there are above 140 rooms more -in this house; which, being so numerous, -and chiefly appropriated to the private -uses of the family, cannot be particularly -described in a work of this nature; however, -we must add, that Lord and Lady -Northumberland’s apartments are very -commodious and elegantly furnished; her -Ladyship’s closet is even a repository of -curiosities, and, amongst other valuable -things, contains so fine a collection of -pictures, as to afford a most pleasing and -almost endless entertainment to a connoisseur. -The two libraries also consist of a -great variety of books on the most useful -and curious subjects, collected with judgement.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i068.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>South View of Northumberland House.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>C. Grignion sculp.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c005'>We have hitherto endeavoured to give -some idea of the gradual improvements, -by which Northumberland House acquired -its present grandeur and magnificence; -but we cannot take our leave of it without -conducting, as it were, the reader -into the garden, where he may enjoy the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>quiet and tranquility of the country amidst -the noise and distraction of the town, and -contrast the simple beauties of nature, with -the stately productions of art.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It lies between the house and the -Thames, and forms a pleasing piece of -scenery before the principal apartments; -for it consists of a fine lawn surrounded -with a neat gravel walk, and bounded -next the walls by a border of curious -flowers, shrubs and ever-greens. At the -end of the garden beyond the wall, were -a few buildings which his Lordship ordered -to be taken down, to open a larger -prospect across the Thames to Southwark, -and into the country behind it. And, as -the horizon is finely diversified with -hills, which when every thing is compleated, -will appear as it were in the back -scene, the view will command a very -beautiful landscape.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Northumberland</span> <i>place</i>, Fenchurch -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Northumberland</span> <i>street</i>, a handsome -street now building in the Strand, by -Northumberland House, down to the -Thames, the houses in Hartshorn alley -being pulled down for that purpose.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Norton Falgate</span>, a street which -extends from the end of Bishopsgate without -to Shoreditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span><span class='sc'>Norwich</span> <i>court</i>, East Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nottingham</span> <i>court</i>, Castle street, Long -Acre.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nottingham</span> <i>street</i>, Plumtree street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nun’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Coleman street. 2. New -Gravel lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nutkin’s</span> <i>corner</i>, Rotherhith wall.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Nutmaker’s</span> <i>rents</i>, New Gravel lane, -Shadwell.†</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/doodad.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c007'>O.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Oakey</span> <i>street</i>, Thames street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oakey’s</span> <i>court</i>, Hare street, Brick lane, -Spitalfields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oakley’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Town ditch, by Christ’s -hospital.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oar</span> <i>street</i>, Gravel lane, near Falcon -stairs.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oat</span> <i>lane</i>, Noble street, Foster lane, Cheapside.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i071.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>View from the Terrace at Oatland.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>F. Vivares sculp.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Oatlands</span>, adjoining to Weybridge in -Surry, is the seat of the Earl of Lincoln. -The park is about four miles round. The -house is situated about the middle of the -terrace, whose majestic grandeur, and the -beautiful landscape which it commands, -words cannot describe, nor the pencil delineate -<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span>so as to give an adequate idea of -this fine scene.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The serpentine river which you look -down upon from the terrace, though artificial, -appears as beautiful as it could -do were it natural; and a stranger who -did not know the place would conclude it -to be the Thames, in which opinion he -would be confirmed by the view of Walton -bridge over that river, which by a -happy contrivance is made to look like a -bridge over it, and closes the prospect that -way finely.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oatmeal</span> <i>yard</i>, Barnaby street, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ocean</span> <i>street</i>, Stepney.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Of</span> <i>alley</i>, York buildings. See the article -<span class='sc'>York</span> <i>buildings</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ogden’s</span> <i>court</i>, Wych street, Drury lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ogle</span> <i>street</i>, Margaret’s street, Cavendish -square.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ogilby’s</span> <i>court</i>, Long ditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Artillery</span> <i>ground</i>, Steward street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Olave’s</span> <i>Hart street</i>, situated at the -south side of Hart street in Tower street -ward, is thus denominated from its dedication -to St. Olave, or Olaus, King of -Norway, who from his strong attachment -to the Christian religion, took part -in the disputes with the English and -Danes; for this, together with his supporting -<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>Christianity in his own dominions, -and his sufferings on that account, he -stands sainted in the Roman calendar.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A church stood in the same place, dedicated -to the same royal patron, before -the year 1319. The present structure is -of considerable antiquity, for it escaped -the flames in 1666, and since that time -has had several repairs and additions, -among which last is the portico; this -is no small ornament, though it is not -well adapted to the edifice. This portico -was added in the year 1674.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This is a mixed building, with respect -to its materials, as well as its form, part -being of square stone, part of irregular -stone, and part of brick. The body, -which is square, is fifty-four feet in -length, and the same in breadth; the -height of the roof is thirty feet, and that -of the steeple sixty. The windows are -large and gothic, and every thing plain -except the portico, which is formed -of Corinthian pilasters, with an arched -pediment. The tower, which consists -of a single stage above the roof, is also -extremely plain, and the turret wherewith -it is crowned is well proportioned.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The patronage of this rectory has all -along been in private hands. The Incumbent, -besides several annual donations, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>and other profits, receives 120<i>l.</i> a year in -tithes.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Mr. Weaver in his funeral monuments, -mentions the following very whimsical -one in this church, for Dame Anne, the -wife of Sir John Ratcliff, Knt. which is -to be read both downwards and upwards,</p> - -<table class='table0' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='14%' /> -<col width='14%' /> -<col width='14%' /> -<col width='14%' /> -<col width='28%' /> -<col width='14%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <td class='c012'>Qu</td> - <td class='c012'>A</td> - <td class='c012'>D</td> - <td class='c012'>T</td> - <td class='c012'>D</td> - <td class='c013'>P</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c012'>os</td> - <td class='c012'>nguis</td> - <td class='c012'>irus</td> - <td class='c012'>risti</td> - <td class='c012'>ulcedine</td> - <td class='c013'>avit.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c012'>H</td> - <td class='c012'>Sa</td> - <td class='c012'>M</td> - <td class='c012'>Ch</td> - <td class='c012'>M</td> - <td class='c013'>L</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class='c004'>Mr. Munday, in his edition of Stow’s -survey, mentions another here, which -though of a different kind, appears equally -extraordinary.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c014'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>As I was, so be ye; as I am, you shall be.</div> - <div class='line'>What I gave, that I have; what I spent, that I had.</div> - <div class='line'>Thus I count all my cost; what I left that I lost.</div> - <div class='line in7'>John Organ, obiit An. Dom. 1591.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c015'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Olave’s Jewry</span>, situated on the west -side of the Old Jewry, in Coleman street -ward, was anciently denominated St. -Olave’s Upwell, from its dedication to the -saint of that name, and probably from a -well under the east end, wherein a pump -is now placed; but that gave way to the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>name of Jewry, owing to this neighbourhood’s -becoming the principal residence of -the Jews in this city.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Here was a parish church so early as -the year 1181; the last sacred edifice -was destroyed by the fire of London, and -the present finished in 1673. It consists -of a well enlightened body, seventy-eight -feet in length, and twenty-four in breadth; -the height to the roof is thirty-six feet, -and that of the tower and pinacles -eighty-eight. The door is well proportioned, -and of the Doric order, covered -with an arched pediment. On the upper -part of the tower, which is very plain, -rises a cornice supported by scrolls; and -upon this plain attic course, on the pillars -at the corners, are placed the pinacles, -standing on balls, and each terminated on -the top by a ball.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This church, tho’ anciently a rectory, -is now a vicarage in the gift of the Crown; -and the parish of St. Martin, Ironmonger -lane, is now united to it, by which the -Incumbent’s profits are considerably increased; -he receives besides other profits, -120<i>l.</i> a year in lieu of tithes.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Olave’s</span> <i>Silver street</i>, stood at the south -west corner of Silver street, in Aldersgate -ward; but being consumed by the fire -of London, and not rebuilt, the parish -<span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span>is annexed to the neighbouring church of -St. Alban’s Wood street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Olave’s</span> <i>Southwark</i>, is situated in -Tooley street, near the south end of -London bridge. Tho’ the time when a -church was first erected in this place cannot -be discovered, yet it appears to be of -considerable antiquity, since it is mentioned -so early as the year 1281. However, part -of the old church falling down in 1736, -and the rest being in a ruinous condition, -the parishioners applied to parliament for -a power to rebuild it, which being granted, -they were thereby enabled to raise -the sum of 5000<i>l.</i> by a rate of 6<i>d.</i> in the -pound, to be levied out of the rents of all -lands and tenements within the parish; -accordingly the church was taken down -in the summer of the year 1737, and -the present structure finished in 1739.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It consists of a plain body strengthened -with rustic quoins at the corners; the door -is well proportioned without ornament, -and the windows are placed in three series; -the lowest is upright, but considerably -broad; those above them circular, and -others on the roof are large and semicircular. -The tower consists of three stages; -the uppermost of which is considerably diminished; -in this is the clock, and in the -stages below are large windows. The top of -the tower is surrounded by a plain substantial -<span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span>balustrade, and the whole has an air -of plainness and simplicity.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It is a rectory in the gift of the Crown, -and the Incumbent’s profits are said to -amount to about 400<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Olave’s</span> <i>School</i>. See the article <span class='sc'>Queen -Elizabeth’s</span> <i>School</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Artillery Ground</span>, Artillery lane, -Spitalfields. See the article <span class='sc'>Artillery -Ground</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Bailey</span>, a street which extends from -Ludgate hill to the top of Snow hill, by -Newgate. On the upper part near Fleet -lane, the street is divided into two by a -middle row of buildings, whence that towards -the west is called Little Old Bailey, -and the other to the eastward, is called -Great Old Bailey. This street from Ludgate -hill to Fleet lane, is in the liberties -of the Fleet. In the upper part is Justice -Hall commonly called the Sessions house, -and in the lower part Surgeons Hall. -Maitland observes, that the Old Bailey -took its name from the Bale or Bailiff’s -house, formerly standing there.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Barge House</span> <i>stairs</i>, Glasshouse yard, -near Angel street, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Barge House</span> <i>stairs lane</i>, near Angel -street, and almost opposite the Temple.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Bear Garden</span>, Maid lane, Southwark; -thus named from a bear garden -formerly there.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span><span class='sc'>Old Bedlam</span>, or <span class='sc'>Old Bethlem</span>, Bishopsgate -street. See the article <span class='sc'>Bethlem -Hospital</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Bedlam</span> <i>court</i>, Old Bedlam.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Bedlam</span> <i>lane</i>, Bishopsgate street, near -Moorfields, where Bethlem hospital formerly -stood.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Belton</span> <i>street</i>, Brownlow street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Bond</span> <i>street</i>, Piccadilly.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Bosville</span> <i>court</i>, Clement’s lane, -Temple bar.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Brewhouse</span> <i>yard</i>, Chick lane, Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Buildings</span>, Lincoln’s Inn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Burlington</span> <i>mews</i>, Old Bond street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Castle</span> <i>street</i>, Wentworth street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Change</span>, extends from Cheapside to -Old Fish street. Here was formerly kept -the King’s exchange for the receipt of -bullion to be coined. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Comber’s</span> <i>court</i>, Blackman street, -Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Fish</span> <i>street</i>, Knightrider’s street; so -called from a fish market being formerly -kept there. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Fish Street</span> <i>hill</i>, Thames street, obtained -its name also from a market.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Ford</span>, in Stepney parish, near Stratford -le Bow.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old George</span> <i>street</i>, Wentworth street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Gravel</span> <i>lane</i>, Ratcliff highway; so -<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>called from its being anciently a way -through which carts laden with gravel -from the neighbouring fields, used to pass -to the river Thames, where it was employed -in ballasting of ships, before ballast -was taken out of the river.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Gravel</span> <i>walk</i>, Bunhill fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Hog</span> <i>yard</i>, Peter lane, St. John’s street, -Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Horselydown</span> <i>lane</i>, Horselydown, -Tooley street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Horseshoe</span> <i>wharf</i>, Thames street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Jewry</span> in the Poultry. This street -was originally called the Jewry, from its -being the residence of the Jews in this -city; but the Jews being banished by Edward -I. they upon their readmission into -England, settled in this city near Aldgate, -in a place from them called Poor -Jewry lane, on which occasion this, their -ancient place of abode, was called the Old -Jewry. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Market</span> <i>lane</i>. Brook’s street, Ratcliff.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Montague</span> <i>street</i>, Spitalfields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Nicoll’s</span> <i>street</i>, Spitalfields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old North</span> <i>street</i>, Red Lion square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Packthread</span> <i>ground</i>, Grange lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Palace</span> <i>yard</i>, by St. Margaret’s lane, -Westminster, was built by Edward the -Confessor, or, as others say, by William -<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span>Rufus, and received the name of Old on -the building of New Palace yard. See -<span class='sc'>New Palace</span> <i>yard</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Paradise</span> <i>street</i>, Rotherhith.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Park</span> <i>yard</i>, Queen street, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Pav’d</span> <i>alley</i>, Pallmall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Pipe</span> <i>yard</i>, Puddle dock.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Pye</span> <i>street</i>, by New Pye street, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Round</span> <i>court</i>, in the Strand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Shoe</span> <i>alley</i>, Hoxton.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Soho</span> <i>street</i>, near Leicester fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Square</span>, Lincoln’s Inn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Starch</span> <i>yard</i>, Old Gravel lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old</span> <i>street</i>, a street of great length, beginning -at Goswell street, and extending -east towards Shoreditch. It received its -ancient name of <i>Eald street</i>, or <i>Old street</i>, -from the Saxons, as being situated along -the Roman Military Way, at a considerable -distance north of London, though it is -now joined to this metropolis. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Street</span> <i>square</i>, Old street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Swan</span> <i>lane</i>, Thames street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Swan</span> <i>stairs</i>, Ebbgate lane, Thames -street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Swan</span> <i>yard</i>, Rag street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Old Tailor</span> <i>street</i>, King street, Golden -square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oliphant’s</span> <i>lane</i>, Rotherhith.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span><span class='sc'>Olive</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Gravel lane. 2. St.Catharine’s -lane, East Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oliver’s</span> <i>alley</i>, in the Strand.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oliver’s</span> <i>court</i>, Bowling alley, Westminster.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oliver’s</span> <i>mount</i>, David street, Grosvenor -square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>One Gun</span> <i>alley</i>, Wapping.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>One Swan</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Bishopsgate street.* -2. Rag street, Hockley in the Hole.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>One Tun</span> <i>alley</i>, Hungerford Market.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>One Tun</span> <i>yard</i>, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Onslow</span> <i>street</i>, Vine street, Hatton wall.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oram’s</span> <i>court</i>, Water lane, Tower street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Orange</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Castle street, Leicester -fields, 2. King’s street, Soho, 3. Wapping.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Orange</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Castle street, Leicester -fields, 2. Lowman’s street, Gravel lane. -3. Red Lion square, Holborn. 4. Swallow -street. 5. Sun Tavern fields.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>The</i> <span class='sc'>Orchard</span>, 1. Bread street, Ratcliff. -2. Butcher row. 3. Limehouse causeway. -4. New street, Shadwell. 5. In -Wapping. 6. Near Wapping.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Orchard</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Near the Stable yard, -Westminster, from the royal orchard formerly -there. 2. Windmill street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Office of</i> <span class='sc'>Ordnance</span>, in the Tower. This -office is a modern building, a little to the -north east of the white tower; and to the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>officers belonging to it, all other offices -for supplying artillery, arms, ammunition, -or other warlike stores to any part of the -British dominions, are accountable; and -from this office all orders for the disposition -of warlike materials are issued. It is -therefore of very great importance, as it -has under its care the ammunition necessary -for the defence of the kingdom, and -the protection of our allies.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In ancient times before the invention of -guns, this office was supplied by officers -under the following names; the Bowyer, -the Cross Bowyer, the Galeator, or Purveyor -of helmets, the Armourer, and -the Keeper of the tents; and in this state -it continued till King Henry VIII. placed -it under the management of a Master, a -Lieutenant, a Surveyor, &c. as it still -continues with some improvements.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The office of ordnance is now divided -into two branches, the civil and the military; -the latter being subordinate and -under the authority of the former.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The principal officer in the civil -branch of the office of ordnance is the -Master General, who has a salary of -1500<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and is invested with -a peculiar jurisdiction over all his Majesty’s -engineers employed in the several fortifications -of this kingdom, to whom they -<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>are all accountable, and from whom they -receive their particular orders and instructions, -according to the directions and -commands given by his Majesty and -council.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Lieutenant General, who receives -all orders and warrants signed by the Master -General, and from the other principal -officers, and sees them duly executed; -issues orders, as the occasions of the state -may require; and gives directions for discharging -the great guns, when required -at coronations, on birth days, festivals, -signal victories, and other solemn occasions. -It is also his peculiar office to see -the train of artillery, and all its equipage -fitted for motion, when ordered to be -drawn into the field. He has a salary of -1100<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>; and under him is a -clerk in ordinary, who has 150<i>l.</i> a year; -an inferior clerk, and a clerk extraordinary, -who have each 40<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Surveyor inspects the stores and -provisions of war in the custody of the -Storekeeper, and sees that they are ranged -and placed in such order as is most proper -for their preservation. He allows all bills -of debt, and keeps a check upon all artificers -and labourers work; sees that the -stores received be good and serviceable, -duly proved, and marked, if they ought -<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>to be so, with the King’s mark, taking to -his assistance the rest of the officers and -Proof Masters. His salary is 700<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>As his post necessarily makes some assistance -necessary, he has under him the -Proof Master of England, who has 150<i>l.</i> -a year. Two clerks of the fortifications, -who have 60<i>l.</i> a year each, and another -of 40<i>l.</i> Besides, in this time of war he -has under him six extra clerks, who have -each 40<i>l.</i> a year; and another who has -4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> a day.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Clerk of the ordnance records all -orders and instructions given for the government -of the office; all patents and -grants; the names of all officers, clerks, -artificers, attendants, gunners, labourers, -&c. who enjoy those grants, or any other -fee for the same; draws all estimates for -provisions and supplies to be made, and -all letters, instructions, commissions, deputations, -and contracts for his Majesty’s -service; makes all bills of imprest, and -debentures, for the payment and satisfaction -for work done, and provisions received -in the said office; all quarter -books for the salaries and allowances of -all officers, clerks, &c. belonging to the -office; and keeps journals and ledgers -of the receipts and returns of his Majesty’s -<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>stores, to serve as a check between -the two accomptants of the office, the one -for money, and the other for stores. His -salary is 500<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and 100<i>l.</i> a -year for being a check on the Storekeeper.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The great business of this officer is -managed, under him, by six clerks in -ordinary, one of whom has 180<i>l.</i> a year, -another 150<i>l.</i> two 60<i>l.</i> a year, one 50<i>l.</i> and -one 4<i>s.</i> a day: and he has at present thirteen -clerks extraordinary, who have 40<i>l.</i> -a year each. There are besides under -him a ledger keeper to the out ports, and -a home ledger keeper, who have 60<i>l.</i> a -year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Storekeeper takes into his custody -all his Majesty’s ordnance, munitions -and stores belonging thereto, and indents -and puts them in legal security, after -they have been surveyed of by the Surveyor: -any part of which he must not deliver, -without a warrant signed by the -proper officers; nor must he receive back -any stores formerly issued, till they have -been reviewed by the Surveyor, and registered -by the Clerk of the ordnance in -the book of remains: and he must take -care that whatever is under his custody -be kept safe, and in such readiness as to -be fit for service upon the most peremptory -<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span>command. His salary is 400<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Storekeeper has under his command -three clerks in ordinary, one of -whom has 150<i>l.</i> and another 60<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>, and also three extra clerks, each -at 40<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Clerk of the deliveries draws all orders -for delivery of any stores, and sees -them duly executed: he also charges by -indenture the particular receiver of the -stores delivered; and, in order to discharge -the Storekeeper, he registers the -copies of all warrants for the deliveries, as -well as the proportions delivered. His -salary is 400<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The above officer has under him -two clerks in ordinary, one who has -150<i>l.</i> and another who has 70<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>, and also four clerks extraordinary -who have each 40<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Treasurer and Paymaster receives -and pays all monies, both salaries and debentures -in and belonging to this office. -His salary is 500<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The above officer is assisted in his -double employment of receiving and paying -by three clerks in ordinary, one of -whom has 150<i>l.</i> another 60<i>l.</i> and another -50<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and by three clerks -<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>extraordinary, each of whom has 40<i>l.</i> a -year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In this office there are likewise two -Proof Masters, who have 20<i>l.</i> a year each; -a Clerk of the works, who has 120<i>l.</i> a -year; a Purveyor for the land, who has -100<i>l.</i> a year; a Purveyor for the sea, who -has 40<i>l.</i> a year; an Architect, who has -120<i>l.</i> a year; an Astronomical Observator, -who has 100<i>l.</i> a year, and some -other officers.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the other part of this office termed -the <i>Military Branch of the Ordnance</i>, is a -Chief Engineer, who has 501<i>l.</i> 17<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> -a year; a Director, who has 365<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>; eight engineers in ordinary, who -have 10<i>s.</i> a day; eight engineers extraordinary -at 6<i>s.</i> a day; eleven sub-engineers, -at 73<i>l.</i> a year each; and sixteen pract. engineers, -at 3<i>s.</i> a day.——See an account -of the arms belonging to this office under -the article <span class='sc'>Tower</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ormond’s</span> <i>mews</i>, 1. Duke street, Piccadilly. -2. Great Ormond street, Red -Lion street, Holborn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ormond</span> <i>street</i>, Red Lion street, Holborn.</p> - -<p class='c011'>A catalogue of the pictures of Charles Jennens, -Esq; in Ormond street.</p> - -<p class='c011'>The nativity, after Pietro di Cortona.</p> -<p class='c011'>The Magi offering, Carlo Maratti.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span>A holy family, after Raphael.</p> -<p class='c011'>A holy family, by Fr. Mazzuoli Parmegiano.</p> -<p class='c011'>A piece of fruit, &c. by De Heem.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Cl. Lorraine, allowed capital.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, with St. Jerom and the lion, by Nic. Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>Cattle and fowls, by Bened. Castiglione.</p> -<p class='c011'>The finding of Moses, by Lucatelli.</p> -<p class='c011'>A land storm, by Gasp. Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>A bagpiper, by Spagnolet.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Nic. Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of the Rhine, by Sachtleven.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins, by Harvey, with Christ and the woman of Canaan, by J. Vanderbank, sky and trees by Wotton.</p> -<p class='c011'>A man with a straw hat eating porridge, by Annibal Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of the castle of St. Angelo, by Marco Ricci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A miracle, by Seb. Concha.</p> -<p class='c011'>A boy’s or girl’s head, by Guido.</p> -<p class='c011'>The crucifixion, by Vandyke.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. John the Baptist baptizing Christ, by Rottenhammer.</p> -<p class='c011'>Three boys, viz. Christ, John the Baptist, and an angel, of the school of Rubens or Vandyke.</p> -<p class='c011'>A holy family.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Paul and King Agrippa, after Le Sueur.</p> -<p class='c016'><span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span>A philosopher mending a pen, A. le Pape.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Cecilia in a circle of flowers, by Philippo Laura, in the manner of Domenichino, the flowers by Mario di Fiori.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Both.</p> -<p class='c011'>Butler the poet, by Zoust.</p> -<p class='c011'>A holy family (small) by Seb. Bourdon.</p> -<p class='c011'>A storm, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A oval of flowers, with the wise men offering, by father Seegers.</p> -<p class='c011'>A piece of architecture, with the landing of Æsculapius at Rome, by P. Panini.</p> -<p class='c011'>A madona, &c. by Carlo Maratti.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Moucheron, with figures by Berchem.</p> -<p class='c011'>The two Maries at the sepulchre, by Pietro di Cortona.</p> -<p class='c011'>Bishop Ken, by Riley.</p> -<p class='c011'>David and Saul, by Jordans of Antwerp, or Van Harp.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sun-set, by Vanderneer.</p> -<p class='c011'>Abraham and Melchisedech, by Castiglione.</p> -<p class='c011'>A nativity, after Giuseppe Chiari.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Vandiest.</p> -<p class='c011'>A carpet, &c. by Malteese.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Claude, first manner.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Rowland Savory, with Cain and Abel.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two pieces of fish and fowl, by Rysbrack.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span> Nativity, by Albani.</p> -<p class='c011'>An old man’s head, by Rembrandt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Retork, in the manner of Elsheimer.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ going to be crucified, a sketch, by Annibal Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>Tobias and the angel, by Mich. Angelo de Caravaggio.</p> -<p class='c011'>Celebration of Twelfth-night, by David Rykart.</p> -<p class='c011'>Moon-light, by Vandiest.</p> -<p class='c011'>Figures and cattle, by Van Bloom.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and a sea view, by Vandiest.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sleeping boy, by Simon Vouet.</p> -<p class='c011'>The wise men offering, by Aug. Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A nativity, by Le Sueur.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with the flight into Egypt, by Antonio (called Gobbo) Caracci, figures by Domenichino.</p> -<p class='c011'>A conversation, by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>The inside of a church, by De Neef.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with Balaam and the angel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and ruins, by Gasp. Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>Shakespear, in crayons, by Vandergucht, from the only original picture, which is in the possession of Lady Carnarvon.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ praying in the garden, by Ludovico Caracci, a capital piece.</p> -<p class='c011'>Abraham and Melchisedech, after Raphael, by Nic. Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span>Dead game, by De Koning, with a man, by Luca Jordano; but some are of opinion the whole piece is by L. Jordano.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two door pieces, by Tempesta and Crescentio.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with cattle and figures, by Berchem.</p> -<p class='c011'>The raising of Lazarus, by Paulo Lozza.</p> -<p class='c011'>A Magdalen, by Giuseppe Cari.</p> -<p class='c011'>A small picture of P. Charles and his brother.</p> -<p class='c011'>King James II. when Duke of York, after Sir Peter Lely.</p> -<p class='c011'>Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex.</p> -<p class='c011'>The head of a female saint.</p> -<p class='c011'>A head, after Titian.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ preaching on the mount, by Van Rhyschoot.</p> -<p class='c011'>David playing on the harp to cure Saul, by Hayman.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with a view of Hampstead and Highgate, by Lambert.</p> -<p class='c011'>The resurrection of Christ, by Hayman.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Gainsborough.</p> -<p class='c011'>Sir John Falstaff, &c. by Hayman.</p> -<p class='c011'>An angel sleeping, after Guido.</p> -<p class='c011'>A small head, by Frank Hals.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two sea pieces, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A flower piece, by O. Baptist.</p> -<p class='c011'>Moses striking the rock, by Le Brun.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span>King Charles I. after Vandyke.</p> -<p class='c011'>King Charles II. and his Queen, by Sir P. Lely.</p> -<p class='c011'>Duke of Ormond, by Dahl.</p> -<p class='c011'>A statuary, by Spagnolet.</p> -<p class='c011'>An old man reading, by Guercino.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and figures, by Paul Brill.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins and figures, by Viviano and J. Miel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and figures, by Fr. Bolognese.</p> -<p class='c011'>Titian and Aretine, after Titian.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of Pliny’s villa, by Lucatelli.</p> -<p class='c011'>Pr. Rupert, half length, by Greenhill.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Vandiest.</p> -<p class='c011'>A flower piece, by O. Baptist.</p> -<p class='c011'>Gustavus Adolphus, by Mirevelt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A conversation, by Bamboccio.</p> -<p class='c016'>Temptation of St. Anthony, by Brower, the landscape, Paul Brill.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, Gasp. Poussin, the figures by Philippo Laura.</p> -<p class='c011'>A dead Christ, &c. of the school of Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and figures, Fr. Miel.</p> -<p class='c011'>Gen. Monk, when young, 3 qrs.</p> -<p class='c011'>A man singing, by Brower.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Claude Lorraine.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with high rocks, by Salvator Rosa.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>A view of St. Mark’s Place at Venice in carnival time, Canaletti.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of the great canal at Venice, by Canaletti.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Rembrandt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A lutanist, by Fr. Hals.</p> -<p class='c011'>A moon-light, by Vanderneer.</p> -<p class='c011'>The Chevalier de St. George in miniature.</p> -<p class='c011'>A musician’s head, by Rembrandt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A circle of flowers, by Baptist; with Christ and the woman of Samaria, by Cheron.</p> -<p class='c011'>A madona, of the school of Carlo Maratti.</p> -<p class='c011'>A half length of General Monk, copied from Sir Peter Lely.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Tillemans.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, a squall, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A night storm, by De Vlieger.</p> -<p class='c011'>The virgin, with the child asleep.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of a water mill.</p> -<p class='c011'>A cobler.</p> -<p class='c011'>An ascension, by Gius. Chiari.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Houseman.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two pictures of the Chevalier and the Princess Louisa his sister.</p> -<p class='c011'>King James the 2d’s Queen, by Sir Godfrey Kneller.</p> -<p class='c011'>The burning of Troy, by Van Hiel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view in Holland, by Van Goen.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, in Van Goen’s manner.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and figure, by Van Goen.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>The Marquis of Hamilton, after Vandyke.</p> -<p class='c011'>A small round landscape.</p> -<p class='c011'>A large landscape, by Lucas Van Uden.</p> -<p class='c011'>Salvator Mundi, by Vandyke.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece and landscape, by Vander Cabel.</p> -<p class='c011'>Lord Clarendon, by Dobson.</p> -<p class='c011'>A small round landscape, in the manner of Bourgognone.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by De Man.</p> -<p class='c011'>King James I. half length, by Mytons.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>The conversion of St. Paul, by P. Snayer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A small head on silver, supposed the Marq. of Montrose, by Ferd. Laithe.</p> -<p class='c011'>J. Miel, the painter, by himself.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two small pictures, by Horizonti.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two ditto, by Lucatelli.</p> -<p class='c011'>Prince Henry, by P. Oliver.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins of the Temple of Minerva, by Viviano, or Salvius.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Rubens.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Fauquier.</p> -<p class='c011'>A frost piece, by Ostade.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Gasp. de Wit, figures by Ferg.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins and figures, by Marco and Seb. Ricci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea view, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>A landscape, in the manner of Van Uden.</p> -<p class='c011'>Philippo Laura, by himself.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two small views, by Cocoranti.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea calm, by Woodcock.</p> -<p class='c011'>David and Abigail, by Brughel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea view, by Bonaventure Peters.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Martin Rykaert.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two small landscapes, by Artois.</p> -<p class='c011'>The finding of Moses, by Romanelli.</p> -<p class='c011'>Dead birds, by Ferguson.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. John led by his disciples, by Blanchet.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Rembrandt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Ruysdale, the figures by Wovermans.</p> -<p class='c011'>A lady’s head, by Cornelius Johnson.</p> -<p class='c011'>Lord Carnarvon, by Sir P. Lely.</p> -<p class='c011'>A Dutch watchmaker, by Fr. Hals.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Van Huysum.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by J. Asselyn.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Swanevelt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Francisco Mille.</p> -<p class='c011'>The marriage of St. Catharine, after Giorgione.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Swanevelt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, with Argus and Hermes.</p> -<p class='c011'>The last supper, by Vandyke or Dieperbeck.</p> -<p class='c011'>The flight into Egypt, by Polembergh.</p> -<p class='c011'>L. D’Honat’s Eden.</p> -<p class='c011'>A calm, by Vandervelde, best manner.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span>The good Samaritan.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Tempesta.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Peter walking on the sea, by Paul Brill.</p> -<p class='c011'>Fowls, by Cradock.</p> -<p class='c011'>A storm (small) by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins, by Viviano.</p> -<p class='c011'>The transfiguration, after Raphael.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and figures, by Bourgognone.</p> -<p class='c011'>A winter piece, by Molinaer.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Jerom, by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Rousseau.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins, by Panini.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sun-rising, by Courtois.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Old Patell.</p> -<p class='c011'>A church, by De Neef, the priest carrying the host; the figures by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Sebastian, after Domenichino.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Peter delivered out of prison, by De Neef, the figures by O. Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>A head (supposed of an apostle) by Vandyke.</p> -<p class='c011'>The flight into Egypt, a sketch, by Gius. Passeri.</p> -<p class='c011'>Part of Titian’s Comari, copied by Dahl.</p> -<p class='c011'>A head of Christ crowned with thorns, by Guido.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ crowned with thorns, with the reed in his hand, of the school of Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>Lot going out of Sodom, and Abraham with three Angels, two drawings, by Cheron.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Jerom in a cave, by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>The murder of the innocents, a drawing after Raphael.</p> -<p class='c011'>A drawing after Nic. Poussin, by Cheron, of the passage thro’ the red sea.</p> -<p class='c011'>A Roman sacrifice, a drawing from the antique, by Cheron.</p> -<p class='c011'>A land storm, by Peters, or Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ driving the buyers and sellers out of the temple, by Jac. Bassano.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two conversations in water colours, by Fergue.</p> -<p class='c011'>A boy and girl, heads.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and sea piece in water colours, by Tillemans.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes in the manner of Brughel, by Old Grissier.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Fergue.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of Scheveling, by De Vleiger.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A front piece, by Bonaventure Peters.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Polembergh.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Sachtleven.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Van Maas.</p> -<p class='c011'>A gale and view, by Backhuysen.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two sea pieces, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Hobbima.</p> -<p class='c011'>A head of Seb. Bourdon, by Netschar.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span>Eliezer and Rebecca, by Vander Cabel.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ sleeping, of the school of Carlo Maratti.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view in Rome, by Gaspar D’Ochiale.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and cattle, by Cuyp.</p> -<p class='c011'>A brisk gale, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A boy’s head, by Dubois.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ and the two Disciples at Emmaus, by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>A head of Richard Penderith.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Molyn.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Vanderheyden.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Van Balen, with a holy family.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Backhuysen.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by De Vlieger.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Both.</p> -<p class='c011'>Chickens, a study, by Hondicooter.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Vangoen.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>A frost piece, by Adr. Vandevelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Wovermans.</p> -<p class='c011'>An inn yard, copy from Wovermans.</p> -<p class='c011'>A moon-light, by Vanderneer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A frost piece, by Molenaer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Housemans.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two Dutch views, Flemish.</p> -<p class='c011'>Judith with Holofernes’s head, by Bronzino.</p> -<p class='c011'>Jerome Cardan.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>A hermit contemplating eternity, by Salvator Rosa.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Jerome, by Guido.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, with the flight into Egypt, by Domenichino.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Courtois.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Godfrey.</p> -<p class='c011'>Tobias curing his father’s eyes, by Rembrandt.</p> -<p class='c011'>Morning and Evening, by Berghem.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Old Patelle.</p> -<p class='c011'>The wise men offering, by Rotenhamer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Wovermans.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins, by Viviano.</p> -<p class='c011'>View of the Colisæum, by Paulo Panini.</p> -<p class='c011'>Dead game, by Baltazar Caro.</p> -<p class='c011'>Architecture, by Ghisolfi.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Swanevelt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with rocks, by Teniers, or P. Snayer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Van Zwierin.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with others, by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Vincaboon.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Fr. Miel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of Willybos, by T. Molinaer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Both and Bodwyn.</p> -<p class='c011'>Iphigenia, after Bourdon.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by P. Brill, or Vincaboon.</p> -<p class='c011'>A white fox or racoon, by Hondicooter.</p> -<p class='c011'>A small gale, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Both.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span>A landscape, by De Vries.</p> -<p class='c011'>The fable of the Satyr and clown, by Sorgue.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ditto, by Both.</p> -<p class='c011'>A philosopher’s head, by Pietro da Pietri.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle, by Tillemans.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ruins, by Ghisolfi.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Fauquier.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ditto, perhaps Artois.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sketch of a sea fight, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, with Elijah and the ravens, by R. Savory.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two pictures of lions and tygers, by J. Vanderbank.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ and the Samaritan woman, and Mary Magdalen in the garden, by Columbell.</p> -<p class='c011'>Head of Annibal Caracci, by himself.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of the Rhine, by Vosterman.</p> -<p class='c011'>The nativity, a sketch, by Rubens.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Monamy.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Vandiest.</p> -<p class='c011'>An emblematical picture of Justice, by Solimeni.</p> -<p class='c011'>Virgin and child, and St. Francis with angels, by Seb. Concha.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Francis asleep, an angel fiddling, after Philippo Laura.</p> -<p class='c011'>A storm, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Kierings.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>A landscape, by De la Hire.</p> -<p class='c011'>A copy, from Claude.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view, with ruins and figures, by Marco and Sebastian Ricci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A fresh gale, by Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>Hagar and Ishmael, by Val. Castelli.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Jerome, by Guido.</p> -<p class='c011'>Riposo, by L. Caracci, or Carlo Cignani.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Vorsterman.</p> -<p class='c011'>Peter in prison, by Stenwick.</p> -<p class='c011'>Destruction of Sodom, by ditto.</p> -<p class='c011'>The deluge, by Polemburgh.</p> -<p class='c011'>Corps de Guard and its companion, by Bamboccio.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Mat. Brill.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, in imitation of Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, with a Magdalen, by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>The head of Isaiah, on paper, by Raphael.</p> -<p class='c011'>A conversation, by Ostade.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle, by Bourgognone.</p> -<p class='c011'>Soldier and boors fighting, Molinaer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, Swanevelt.</p> -<p class='c011'>Belshazzar’s feast, after Rembrandt, by Tillemans.</p> -<p class='c011'>Still life, Edema.</p> -<p class='c011'>A hen and chickens, Cradock.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle, by Vander Mulen.</p> -<p class='c011'>The mocking of Christ, by Cheron.</p> -<p class='c011'>Incendio del Borgo, after Raphael.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>Christ and St. Thomas, Cavedone.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two portraits of P. Cha. and his mother.</p> -<p class='c011'>A fruit piece, by Mich. Angelo Campidoglio, o da Pace.</p> -<p class='c011'>David and Solomon, Rubens.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, Annib. Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A conversation, Seb. Bourdon.</p> -<p class='c011'>A conversation, with dancing, Annib. Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A masquerade, Gobbo Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>Benjamin accused of stealing the cup, by J. De Wit.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Mola.</p> -<p class='c011'>The battle of Amazons, after Jul. Romano.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, Vincaboon.</p> -<p class='c011'>Mr. Handel’s picture, by Hudson.</p> -<p class='c011'>Fowls, &c. Y. Wenix.</p> -<p class='c011'>The passage of the red sea, by De Wit.</p> -<p class='c011'>A concert of music, by Pasqualini.</p> -<p class='c011'>Hero and Leander, by Elsheimer.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two heads of Lodov. and Aug. Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea port, by Storck.</p> -<p class='c011'>A pieta, Trevisani.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ, Simon the Pharisee, and M. Magdalen, by Lappi.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of Scheveling, a storm coming on, by Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle, by Mich. Angelo delle Battaglie.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Sebastian, by Guercino.</p> -<p class='c011'>Bened. Castiglione, by himself.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>A landscape, with cattle, by Cuyp.</p> -<p class='c011'>The inside of the Jesuits church at Antwerp, by De Neef.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape with cattle, by Rosa of Tivoli.</p> -<p class='c011'>Æolus and the four winds, by Carlo Maratti.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two heads of St. Peter and St. Paul, by Guercino.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ asleep, with two angels looking on, by Murillo.</p> -<p class='c011'>A wounded stag swimming across a brook.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Jerome and the Angel with a trumpet, by Guercino.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of Sulftara, by Berchem and Both.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle of the bridge, by Bourgognone.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, with a Magdalen in it, by Albani, or Bartolom. Breenberg in imitation of him.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sketch of martyrdom, by Vandyke.</p> -<p class='c011'>A horse watering, by Wovermans.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Adr. Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A copy of Raphael’s Heliodorus.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sketch, by Rubens, of binding of Samson.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea port, by J. Miel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Paul Brill.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Tillemans, or Houseman.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Dubbels.</p> -<p class='c011'>A chalk kiln, by Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Hobbima.</p> -<p class='c011'>A moon-light, by Vanderneer.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span>A landscape, by Wynantz.</p> -<p class='c011'>Hector and Achilles, by Nic. Poussin, or Pietro Testa.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Claude Lorraine.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Peter dictating the gospel to St. Mark, by Pietro di Cortona.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Verboom, the figures, &c. by Adr. Vandervelde.</p> -<p class='c011'>Decollation of St. John the Baptist, by Mich. Angelo da Carravagio, or Valentini.</p> -<p class='c011'>A man’s head, by Ant. Moore.</p> -<p class='c011'>A view of the Doge’s palace, after Canaletti.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by F. Miel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A calm, by Vandiest.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle, by Tillemans.</p> -<p class='c011'>A Court de Guard, by Le Duc.</p> -<p class='c011'>The holy child Jesus in the arms of Joseph, by Giuseppe del Solo, a disciple of Carlo Cignani.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Solomon Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>An ascension, the finished sketch for the King’s chapel at Versailles, by Jouvenet.</p> -<p class='c011'>A holy family, by Erasm. Quiline.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Croose.</p> -<p class='c011'>A bag piper, by Albert Durer.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two sketches, after Tintoret, one the trial of Christ, the other leading him away.</p> -<p class='c011'>A sea piece, by Van Cappel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Sol. Ruysdale.</p> -<p class='c011'>Dead game, with a dog and cat, by Fyte.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_94'>94</span>Two landscapes, by Mola.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Pynas.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and architecture, by Le Maire, with figures, by Phil. Laura.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Fauquier.</p> -<p class='c011'>A village carnival, by P. Wovermans.</p> -<p class='c011'>A holy family, by Carlo Maratti.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two landscapes, by Bellin.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ healing the sick, a sketch, by Tintoret.</p> -<p class='c011'>Fowls, by Cradock.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Nic. Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>Riposo, F. Vanni.</p> -<p class='c011'>A cartoon head, by Raphael.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ disputing with the doctors, a sketch, by Titian.</p> -<p class='c011'>A holy family, by Schidoni.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle, by Salvator Rosa.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two views of the Clitumnus and Avernus, by Wilson.</p> -<p class='c011'>A storm, by Annib. Caracci.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, with the baptism of Christ, by Nic. Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>Samson slaying the Philistines with the jaw bone of an ass, Val. Castelli.</p> -<p class='c011'>Fred. Zuccaro’s picture, by himself.</p> -<p class='c011'>Hercules and Antæus, by Rubens.</p> -<p class='c011'>Hagar and Ishmael, by Le Sueur.</p> -<p class='c011'>A woman making lace, by Scalken.</p> -<p class='c011'>The fall of Simon Magus, a sketch, by Pompeio.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span>A shepherd and shepherdess with cattle, by C. du Jardin.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Dekker.</p> -<p class='c011'>A girl sewing, by Ostade.</p> -<p class='c011'>An ox, by Potter, the landscape by Vanderhyde.</p> -<p class='c011'>The flight into Egypt, by Dominic. Antolini.</p> -<p class='c011'>Hercules and Cerberus, a sketch, by Rubens.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape and cattle, by Carree.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Brughel, the figures Rotenhamer.</p> -<p class='c011'>Moses on the mount, by Jac. Bassan.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Dekker.</p> -<p class='c011'>A copy of Guido’s Aurora, by Carlo Maratti, or Gius. Cari.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Mr. Wotton.</p> -<p class='c011'>Lot and his daughters, by Elsheimer.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ in the garden, by P. Veronese.</p> -<p class='c011'>A moon-light, by O. Giffier.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Berkheyde.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by De Heusch.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Wynantz, the figures by Wovermans.</p> -<p class='c011'>Christ’s agony in the garden, by Ant. Balestra.</p> -<p class='c011'>John Baptist pointing him out to two disciples, ditto.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Vanderneer.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Fauquier, with figures, by Teniers.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>A witch and devils, by Hellish Brughel.</p> -<p class='c011'>A battle, by Wotton.</p> -<p class='c011'>An old man’s head, by Rembrandt.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Borsam.</p> -<p class='c011'>Venus coming to Vulcan to beg armour for Æneas, by Goltzius.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Gaspar Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Nicola Poussin.</p> -<p class='c011'>Two heads, of an old man and an old woman, by Denier.</p> -<p class='c011'>King Ahasuerus and Q. Esther, by Gabiani.</p> -<p class='c011'>The sick man healed at the pool of Bethesda, by Erasmus Quillinius.</p> -<p class='c011'>The last supper, by Jouvenet.</p> -<p class='c011'>Head of a madona, with a book, by Elisabetti Sirani.</p> -<p class='c011'>A landscape, by Studio.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>Bustos, Statues, Bas Reliefs, &c.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>A girl’s head, marble, after the antique, by Scheemaker.</p> -<p class='c011'>A model of St. John Baptist in the wilderness, by Bernini, in terra cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>The judgment of Midas, an ivory Bas Rel.</p> -<p class='c011'>Orpheus playing to the beasts, Bas Rel. Bronze.</p> -<p class='c011'>Erato, Bronze, antique.</p> -<p class='c011'>The statue of Fides Christiana, by Roubiliac, marble.</p> -<p class='c017'><span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>A model of St. Andrew, by Fiamingo, terra cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>A madona and child, in imitation of Rubens’s manner of painting, terra cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>Ceres, after that in the Capitol, by Scheemaker, terra cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>St. Jerome, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>A Bacchanalian boy, after Camillo Ruscoin, by Hayward.</p> -<p class='c011'>A bust of Aratus, after the antique, by ditto, marble.</p> -<p class='c011'>A model of Mr. Roubiliac’s statue of Fides Christiana, in terra cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>A model of Moses, by Mich. Angelo, terra cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>A model of Flora, by Roubiliac. ter. cotta.</p> -<p class='c011'>A vestal, after the antique, by Hayward, marble.</p> -<p class='c011'>A small antique bust of Æsclepiades, the Greek physician, marble.</p> - -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ormond</span> <i>yard</i>, Great Ormond street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Court of</i> <span class='sc'>Orphans</span>. This court is occasionally -held at Guildhall, by the Lord Mayor -and Aldermen, who are guardians to -the children of freemen under the age -of twenty-one years at the decease of -their fathers, and take upon them not -only the management of their goods and -chattels, but likewise that of their persons, -by placing them under the care of -tutors, to prevent disposing of themselves -<span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>during their minority, without their approbation.</p> - -<p class='c004'>By this court the common serjeant is -authorised to take exact accounts and inventories -of all the deceased freemen’s -estates; and the youngest attorney of the -Lord Mayor’s court being clerk to that of -the orphans, is appointed to take securities -for their several portions, in the name -of the Chamberlain of London, who is a -corporation of himself, for the service of -the said orphans; and to whom a recognizance -or bond, made upon the account -of an orphan, shall by the custom -of London, descend to his successor.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It may not be improper to add, that -when a freeman dies and leaves children -in their minority, the clerks of the several -parishes are according to a law of the city, -to give in their names to the common -crier, who is immediately to summon the -widow, or executor, to appear before the -court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen, to -bring an inventory of, and security for the -testator’s estate; for which two months -time is commonly allowed: and, in case -of non-appearance, or refusal of security, -the Lord Mayor may commit the contumacious -executor to Newgate. <i>Lex Lond.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Overman’s</span> <i>court</i>, Pepper alley.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Owen’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, near the south end of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>Islington, was erected by the company -of Brewers, in the year 1610, for ten -poor widows of the parish of St. Mary’s -Islington, pursuant to the will of the -Lady Alice Owen, who allowed each -widow 3<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i> <i>per annum</i>, three yards of -cloth for a gown every other year, and 6<i>l.</i> -to be laid out annually in coals for the use -of the whole.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oxendon</span> <i>street</i>, Coventry street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oxford Arms</span> <i>Inn lane</i>, Warwick lane, near -Newgate market.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oxford Arms</span> <i>passage</i>, Warwick lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oxford Arms</span> <i>yard</i>, in the Haymarket.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oxford</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Camomile street. 2. Salter’s -Hall court, Swithin’s lane. Here -was anciently the house of the Prior of -Torrington in Suffolk, which afterwards -fell to the Earls of Oxford; but that -edifice being at length demolished, and -this court built in its room, it retained the -name of the former possessor. 3. Oxford -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oxford</span> <i>market</i>, Oxford street, so called -from its being on the estate of the late -Earl of Oxford.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Oxford</span> <i>street</i>, St. Giles’s pound. This -street, the market, and court of the same -name, are all on the estate of the late -Earl of Oxford.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/doodad.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span> - <h2 class='c007'>P.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Packer’s</span> <i>court</i>, Coleman street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Packington’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, in White -Friars, Fleet street, commonly called -Clothworkers almshouses, was founded -by the Lady Anne Packington, relict of -Sir John Packington, Chirographer of -the court of Common Pleas, about the -year 1560, for the accommodation of eight -poor women, each of whom receives annually -of the Clothworkers company, -who have the trust of this charity, the -sum of 4<i>l.</i> nine bushels of coals, and new -apparel every third year. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Packson’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Jamaica street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Packthread</span> <i>ground</i>, 1. Bandy Leg walk. -2. End of Barnaby street. 3. Coleman -street. 4. Gravel lane. 5. Near Maiden lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paddington</span>, a village in Middlesex, situated -on the north side of Hyde Park.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Page</span> (Sir Gregory) for an account of his -house and pictures. See <span class='sc'>Blackheath</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pageant’s</span> <i>stairs</i>, Rotherhith.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Page’s</span> <i>walk</i>, King’s Road.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Page’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Brewhouse lane, Wapping.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pain’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Wapping Wall.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pain’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Swan alley, East Smithfield.†</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i114.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>A Scene in the Gardens of Pain’s Hill.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>F. Vivares sculp.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Pain’s</span> <i>hill</i>, near Cobham, in Surry, is the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>seat of the Honourable Charles Hamilton, -who has made great improvements, -by inclosing a large tract of barren land, -which though so poor as to produce nothing -but heath and broom, he has so well -cultivated and adorned, that few places -are equal to it. The whole place is about -five miles round; it is laid out in the -modern taste, and planted with a beautiful -variety of trees, plants, and flowers. -The fine inequalities of the ground give -a perpetual variety to the prospects, especially -on that side next the river Mole, -which river, though it lies lower than -the level of the gardens by twenty feet, is -brought into them by means of a wheel -curiously contrived, which is turned by -the river. Every time it turns round it -takes up the water and conveys it through -a spiral pipe from the circumference of -the wheel to the center of it, from whence -it is discharged into a trough, and from -thence through pipes into the gardens, -where by the joint assistance of nature and -art, it is formed into a fine winding lake -or piece of water, with an island in it, -planted and laid out in walks, with bridges -over to it of the most simple contrivance, -and the whole surrounded with rising -grounds, clumps of trees, and hanging -woods, in as romantic and picturesque a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>manner as imagination can conceive. -These gardens are but lately laid out, and -consequently some of the plantations will -appear to more advantage as they advance -in growth. But the place upon the whole -is very beautiful, and extremely well worth -seeing.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Painter’s</span> <i>court</i>, Berry street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Painter’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Ratcliff highway.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Painter Stainers</span>, a company incorporated -by letters patent granted by Queen -Elizabeth in the year 1582; by the -name of <i>The Master, Wardens and Commonalty -of the freemen of the art and -mystery of painting, called Painter Stainers, -within the city of London</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This fraternity is governed by a Master, -two Wardens, and nine Assistants, to -which belongs a livery of 124 members, -who upon their admission pay a fine of -14<i>l.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Painter Stainers</span> <i>Hall</i>, in Little Trinity -lane, is adorned with a handsome screen, -arches, and pilasters of the Corinthian order, -painted in imitation of porphyry, -with gilt capitals. The pannels are of -wainscot, and on the ceiling is finely -painted by Fuller, Pallas triumphant, -while Art and Fame, attended by Mercury, -suppress their enemies, Sloth, Envy, -Pride, &c. the other paintings are Endymion -<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span>and Luna, by Palmatier; Orpheus -slaying Pan, by Brull; Art and Envy, by -Hungis; the portraits of King Charles II. -and his Queen Catharine, by Houseman; -a portrait of Camden; the fire of London; -a piece of architecture of the Corinthian -order, by Trevit; another of the -Ionic order, given by Mr. Thompson, the -city painter; Heraclitus and Democritus, -by Penn; a landscape, by Aggas; fish -and fowl, by Robinson; a piece of birds, -by Barlow; a piece of fruit and flowers, -by Everbrook; a ruin, by Griffier; and -a fine piece of shipping, by Peter Monumea. -There are several other pieces in -the parlour.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the court room are some fine pictures, -most of which are portraits of the -members of the company; and in the -front of the room is a fine bust of Mr. -Thomas Evans, who left five houses in -Basinghall street to the company.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Mr. Camden, the famous antiquarian, -whose father was a painter in the Old -Bailey, gave the Painter Stainers company -a silver cup and cover, which they -use every St. Luke’s day at their election; -the old Master drinking to the one then -elected, out of it. Upon this cup is the -following inscription:</p> - -<p class='c018'><span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span><span class='sc'>Gul. Camdenus Clarenceux filius -Sampsonis pictoris Londinensis -dono dedit.</span> <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pallmall</span>, a very handsome street, inhabited -by several persons of the first quality, -extending from the end of the Haymarket -to St. James’s palace.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pallmall</span> <i>court</i>, Pallmall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Palmer’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, at Tothill-side, Westminster, -was founded by James Palmer, -B. D. in the year 1654, for the reception -of twelve poor men and women, to each -of whom he gave a perpetual annuity of -6<i>l.</i> and a chaldron of coals.</p> - -<p class='c004'>To this building also belongs a school, -in which twenty boys are taught reading, -writing, and arithmetic; for which the -master has an annual salary of 12<i>l.</i> and a -chaldron of coals, with a convenient house, -and a gown every other year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Here also is a chapel for the use of the -pensioners and scholars, in which the -founder himself for some time preached -and prayed twice a day to them. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Palsgrave’s Head</span> <i>court</i>, in the Strand.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Palyn’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, in Pesthouse row, -near Old street, was founded by George -Palyn, citizen and girdler, for six poor -members of his company; he also endowed -it with an estate of 40<i>l.</i> a year, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>committed it to the trust of that company. -<i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pancras</span>, a small hamlet in Middlesex, on -the north west side of London, in the road -to Kentish town. It has a church dedicated -to St. Pancras, and called St. Pancras -in the Fields, an old plain Gothic -structure, with a square tower without a -spire. It is a vulgar tradition that this -church is of greater antiquity than that of -St. Paul’s cathedral, of which it is only a -prebend; but this arises from a mistake; -for the church of St. Pancras, termed the -mother of St. Paul’s, was situated in the -city of Canterbury, and was changed -from a Pagan temple to a Christian church -by St. Austin the monk, in the year 598, -when he dedicated it to St. Pancras.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The church yard, is a general burying -place for persons of the Romish religion. -At a public house on the south side of the -church is a medicinal spring.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Pancras</span>, a church which stood on the -north side of St. Pancras lane, near -Queen street, in Cheap ward, owed its -name, as did the church mentioned in -the above article, to St. Pancras a young -Phrygian nobleman, who suffered martyrdom -under the Emperor Dioclesian, for -his strict adherence to the Christian religion. -This church, which was a rectory, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>and one of the peculiars in this city -belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury, -was destroyed by the fire of London, -and not being rebuilt, the parish -was, by act of parliament, annexed to the -church of St. Mary le Bow in Cheapside.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pancras</span> <i>lane</i>, Queen street, Bucklersbury.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pankethman’s</span> <i>buildings</i>, Golden lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pannier</span> <i>alley</i>, near Cheapside, leads from -Blowbladder street into Pater noster row, -and is said to be the highest ground within -the city walls. About the middle of the -alley, a stone is fixed in the wall in the -form of a pedestal, on the side of which -is cut in relief a boy riding astride upon a -pannier, and this inscription.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c014'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>When you have sought the city round,</div> - <div class='line'>Yet still this is the highest ground.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c015'><span class='sc'>Panton</span> <i>square</i>, 1. Coventry street. 2. -Oxendon street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Panton</span> <i>street</i>, Haymarket.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Panton’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Chiswell street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paper</span> <i>buildings</i>, a range of buildings in the -Temple, originally built in the year 1607; -but being consumed by fire, were rebuilt; -in a very handsome manner in 1685. At -the north end are painted the figures of -the four cardinal virtues.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paper</span> <i>office</i>, Whitehall. An ancient -office under the Secretaries of state, the -keeper of which has under his charge all -<span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>the public papers, writings, matters of -state and council; all letters, intelligences, -negotiations of the King’s public ministers -abroad, and in general all the papers and -dispatches that pass through the offices of -the two Secretaries of state, which are, or -ought to be, from time to time transmitted -to this office, and remain here, disposed -by way of library. <i>Chamberlain’s Present -State.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Papey</span>, an hospital which stood at the north -end of St. Mary Ax, and was founded -by three priests in the year 1430, for a -Master, two Wardens, and several Chaplains, -Chauntry Priests, &c. It belonged -to the brotherhood of St. John the Evangelist -and St. Charity. Such priests as -were become lame, or in great poverty, -were here relieved, and had chambers -with a certain allowance of bread, drink, -and coals; and one old man, with his -wife, was to see them constantly served, -and to keep the house clean. This hospital -was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paradise</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Lady Clark’s yard, -Gravel lane. 2. Peter street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paradise</span> <i>row</i>, 1. Brook’s street, Bond -street. 2. Near St. George’s fields. 3. -Lambeth. 4. Tottenham Court Road.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pardon</span> <i>church</i>, a chapel formerly situated to -the east of the Bishop of London’s palace, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>in St. Paul’s church yard, in a place at -that time known by the name of Pardon -Church Haugh. This chapel was erected -by Gilbert Becket, sheriff of London, in -the reign of King Stephen, and rebuilt in -the reign of Henry V. by Thomas -More, Dean of St. Paul’s, who also encompassed -it with a cloister. On the east -side was a handsome library founded by -Walter Shiryngton, Chancellor of the -duchy of Lancaster. In this chapel were -interred several persons, whose monuments, -according to Mr. Stow, excelled in -curious workmanship those in the neighbouring -cathedral, and on the walls were -painted the Dance of Death, in imitation -of a painting in the cloister of St. Innocent’s -church at Paris, with English verses -translated out of French by John Lydgate, -a famous old poet, by way of explanation.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parish Clerks.</span> See <span class='sc'>Clerks</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parish Garden</span> <i>lane</i>, Upper Ground, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parish Garden</span> <i>stairs</i>, Upper Ground.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parish</span> <i>street</i>, Horselydown.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Park</span>, in Southwark; several streets built -upon the spot where the Bishop of Winchester -had formerly a park, which joined -to his palace.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Park Gate</span>, Redcross street, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Park Place</span>, St. James’s street, St. James’s.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span><span class='sc'>Park Prospect</span>, Knightsbridge.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Park Prospect</span> <i>court</i>, Manchester street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Park</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Little Grosvenor street. 2. -Tothill street, Westminster.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parker’s</span> <i>alley</i>. 1. Near Cherry Garden -stairs.† 2. Turnmill street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parker’s</span> <i>court</i>, Coleman street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parker’s</span> <i>gardens</i>, Heydon yard, in the -Minories.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parker’s</span> <i>lane</i>, Drury lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parker’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parker’s Lane</span> <i>School</i>, situated in Parker’s -lane, Drury lane, was founded about the -year 1663, by Mr. William Skelton of -St. Giles’s in the Fields, for the education -of fifty poor boys, thirty-five of whom -to be of the parish of St. Giles in the -Fields, ten of that of St. Martin in the -Fields, and five of St. Paul’s Covent Garden. -The Master has a salary of 20<i>l.</i> -two chaldrons of coals, and a gown every -year, for teaching the children reading, -writing, and arithmetic, each of whom -has a coat of 6<i>s.</i> price every year; and -the surplus arising from the estate is employed -in putting them out apprentices. -<i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parliament.</span> This great council, which -is the highest and most ancient court of the -kingdom, was indifferently denominated -<span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span>by the Saxons, <i>Michel Gemote</i>, and <i>Witen -Gemote</i>, that is, the great court and council -of wise men. <i>Coke’s Institutes.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The first mention we find of this court, -is on its being held in this city by Egbert -and Withlaf, Kings of Wessex, and -Mercia, in the year 833, for deliberating -on ways and means to oppose the piratical -invasions, and destructive depredations of -the Danes. <i>Spelman’s Concilia.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>This great council, which was held -twice a year before the conquest, consists -of the King, the Lords spiritual and temporal, -and the Commons: the Lords -spiritual, consisting of the two Archbishops, -and twenty-four Bishops, sit by -virtue of their respective baronies, which -they hold in a political capacity: the -Lords temporal, who are created by the -King’s patent, and therefore cannot be -reduced to any certain number, sit by descent, -or creation: and the Commons, -who amount to 558, consist of Knights, -Citizens, and Burgesses, the representatives -of the commonalty of Great Britain; who, -by virtue of the King’s writs, are elected -by the several counties, cities, and boroughs.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The power of parliament is so great -and extensive, that it makes, amends, reduces, -revives, and abrogates laws, statutes, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>and ordinances, concerning matters -ecclesiastical, civil, and military. None can -begin, continue, or dissolve this council, -but by the King’s authority.</p> - -<p class='c004'>All the members of parliament sat together -till the fiftieth of Edward III. in -the year 1377, when the Commons -removed to the Chapter-house of Westminster, -in the cloister of the Abbey.</p> - -<p class='c004'>For the distinct privileges, and the -manner of proceeding in the houses of -Lords and Commons, see the articles -<span class='sc'>Lords</span>, and <span class='sc'>Commons</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parliament</span> <i>alley</i>, Artillery lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parliament</span> <i>stairs</i>, Old Palace yard.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parliament</span> <i>stairs alley</i>, Old Palace yard.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parliament</span> <i>street</i>, a very handsome and -spacious new built street, adorned with -very handsome buildings. It extends -from New Palace yard to the Cockpit.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parmer’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Stony lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parrey’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Portpool lane, Leather -lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parrot</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. -Whitecross street, Old street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parrot’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Chequer alley, Whitecross -street, Old street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parrot</span> <i>yard</i>, Parrot alley, East Smithfield.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parson’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Bride lane, Fleet street.† -2. White street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_112'>112</span><span class='sc'>Parson’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Cow lane, Smithfield.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Parson’s</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Fore street, Lambeth.† -2. Shoreditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Passage</span>, Lambeth.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Patent</span> <i>Office</i>, Palsgrave Head court, near -Temple Bar.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pater noster</span> <i>alley</i>, Pater noster row.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pater noster</span> <i>row</i>, extends from Cheapside -to Amen corner. This street was -anciently so called on account of the -number of stationers, or writers who lived -there before the invention of the noble -art of printing; who wrote and sold the -little books most in use in those times of -ignorance, as alphabets with the Pater -noster, the Ave Maria, the Creed and -Graces. In the same place also dwelt the -turners of beads for rosaries, who were -also called Pater noster makers. At the -end of Pater noster row near Amen corner -is Ave Mary lane, which was also so -called from the writers and beadmakers, -who resided there. Pater noster row is -still inhabited by many eminent wholesale -booksellers and publishers. <i>Maitland.</i> 2. -Dorset street, Spitalfields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Patience</span> <i>street</i>, Anchor street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Patrick’s</span> <i>court</i>, Houndsditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pattenmakers</span>, a company incorporated -by letters patent granted by King -Charles II. in the year 1670; consisting -<span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span>of a Master, two Wardens, twenty-four -Assistants, and forty-six Liverymen, -who at their admission pay a fine of 6<i>l.</i> -but have no hall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Patten Ring</span> <i>alley</i>, Maze Pond, near -Snow fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pav’d</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Charles’s street, St. James’s. -2. Lime street, by Leadenhall street. 3. -London House yard. 4. Water lane, Black -Friars. 5. White Friars.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pav’d</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Bell Inn yard. 2. Five -Feet lane. 3. Fleetwood’s rents. 4. George -yard. 5. Green Bank.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pav’d</span> <i>entry</i>, London Wall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pavement</span> <i>row</i>, Moorfields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paviours</span>, a fellowship by prescription, and -not by charter.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This company is governed by three -Wardens and twenty-five Assistants; but -though they have a coat of arms, they have -neither hall nor livery.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paviours</span> <i>alley</i>, Drury lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paviours</span> <i>court</i>, Grub street, by Fore street, -Moorgate.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paulin’s</span> <i>street</i>, Hanover street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paulin’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, Durham yard, in the -Strand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Fenchurch street. 2. St -Paul’s Church yard. 3. Redcross street. -4. Wood street, Cheapside.</p> - -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_114'>114</span><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>Cathedral</i>, the most magnificent -Protestant church in the world. This -edifice has been generally supposed to have -been founded in the place where anciently -stood a temple dedicated by the Romans -to the goddess Diana; an opinion derived -from the tradition, of the heads of oxen, -the horns of deer, and the tusks of boars -having been commonly dug up there; -but as Sir Christopher Wren in clearing -the foundations of this ancient structure, -found none of these, he justly discredited -the opinion, and his son, in his <i>Parentalia</i>, -has given a different account of the origin -of the ancient edifice.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i129.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>S<sup>t</sup>. Paul’s</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>E. Rooker sculp.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c005'>This gentleman observes, that the first -cathedral of the episcopal see of London -was built in the area, where had been -the Roman Prætorian camp, and in the -situation on which all the succeeding -fabrics stood: but that this structure was -demolished during the great and general -persecution under the Emperor Dioclesian. -This persecution was however short, the -church is supposed to have been re-edified -under Constantine; but it was afterwards -destroyed by the Pagan Saxons, and restored -again upon the old foundations, -when they embraced Christianity in the -seventh century, when Sebert, King of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span>Essex, advanced Mellitus to the bishopric -of London.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In 675, we find Erkenwald the fourth -Bishop of London from Mellitus, expending -great sums of money in repairing -and beautifying the ancient edifice, augmenting -its revenues, and procuring -for it the most considerable privileges -from the Pope and the Saxon princes -then reigning: for these works the Bishop -was canonized at his death, and his body -placed in a glorious shrine above the high -altar in the east part of the church, where -this shrine remained the admiration of -succeeding ages, till the fatal destruction -of the whole fabric by fire.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This catastrophe happened in the year -961; and as it was rebuilt the same year, -it is highly probable, that these early -structures, how magnificent soever they -might then be thought, were only small -wooden buildings.</p> - -<p class='c004'>During the Saxon heptarchy, this -church flourished extremely; Kenrad -King of Mercia declared it as free in all -its rights, as he himself desired to be at -the day of judgment; Athelstan endowed -it with fifteen lordships; Edgar, with -two; and Egleflede his wife with two -more; all which were confirmed by the -charters of Ethelred and Canute, which -<span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>solemnly imprecate curses on all who dare -to violate it.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The next benefactor to this church -was Edward the Confessor; but at the -Norman invasion, which soon followed, -some of its revenues were seized by the -Conqueror; but he was no sooner seated -on the throne, than he caused full restitution -to be made; and even confirmed -all its rights, privileges and immunities, -in the amplest manner; with benedictions -upon those who should augment its possessions, -and solemn imprecations upon -all who should violate any of the charters -made in its favour.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In that reign, however, a dreadful fire -consumed it a second time, and by this -conflagration, which happened in 1086, -the greatest part of this city was also laid -in ashes: but this destruction served to -make way for a more magnificent building, -than had ever yet been applied to the -purposes of devotion in this kingdom. -Maurice, then Bishop of London, having -undertaken this great work, obtained of -the King the old stones of a spacious -castle in the neighbourhood called the -Palatine Tower, situated near the river -Fleet; but though he lived twenty years, -and prosecuted the work with uncommon -earnestness, yet he left the completion -<span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>of what he had begun to succeeding -generations.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The successor of this Bishop followed -his example, and even applied the whole -revenue of his see towards the advancement -of this great work; but like the -former left it unfinished; after which it -is supposed to have been compleated by -lay persons; but at what time, or in what -manner, is no where mentioned. Indeed -William Rufus, who succeeded the Conqueror, -is said to have exempted all ships -entering the river Fleet with stone or -other materials for the new cathedral, -from toll and custom; and it is not improbable -that he might take this structure -under his own particular direction.</p> - -<p class='c004'>But notwithstanding the length of time, -and the great expence bestowed upon this -church, it had not long been compleated, -when it was thought not sufficiently magnificent; -the steeple was therefore rebuilt -and finished about the year 1221; and then -Roger Niger being promoted to the see of -London in 1229, proceeding with the -choir compleated it in 1240, and solemnly -consecrated it afresh the same year, in -the presence of the King, the Pope’s Legate, -and many Lords both spiritual and -temporal.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The spacious and magnificent edifice -<span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>of St. Paul’s cathedral, being thus finished, -a survey was taken of it, by which -its dimensions appear to have been as -follows. The length of the body of the -church was 690 feet; the breadth -130; the height of the roof of the west -part within 102 feet; that of the east -88; and that of the body 150; the -height of the tower from the ground was -260 feet; from whence rose a wooden -spire covered with lead 274 feet in length; -on the top of which was a ball nine feet -one inch in circumference. This was -crowned with a cross that was fifteen -feet in length, and the traverse six feet.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The ornaments of this cathedral exceeded -those of every other church in the -kingdom. The high altar stood between -two columns, adorned with precious -stones, and surrounded with images most -beautifully wrought, and covered with a -canopy of wood curiously painted with -the representation of Saints and Angels.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The new shrine of St. Erkenwald -stood on the east side of the wall above the -high altar, and was adorned with gold, -silver, and precious stones; but not being -thought sufficiently rich, in 1339 three -goldsmiths of London were retained by -the Dean and Chapter to work upon it a -whole year, at the end of which its -<span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span>lustre was so great, that Princes, Nobles, -Ambassadors, and other foreigners of rank -flocked from all parts to visit it, and to -offer their oblations before it: among -these we find all the rings and jewels of -Walter de Thorp, and the best saphire -stone of Richard de Preston; which last -was applied to the curing of infirmities -of the eyes, and proclamation of its virtues -was made by the express will of the -donor.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The picture of St. Paul finely painted, -was placed in a wooden tabernacle on the -right side of the high altar, and was -esteemed a masterly performance.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Against a pillar in the body of the -church, stood a beautiful image of the -Virgin Mary; and that a lamp might be -continually kept burning before it, and -an anthem sung every day, John Burnet, -Bishop of Bath and Wells, bequeathed a -handsome estate.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the center stood a large cross, and -towards the north door a crucifix at which -offerings were made, that greatly increased -the revenue of the Dean and Canons.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The last piece of ornament we shall -mention, was the fine dial belonging to -the great clock, which being visible to all -who passed by, care was taken that it -should appear with the utmost splendor, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span>and in particular an angel pointed to the -hour.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Under this cathedral was a parish -church called St. Faith’s, in which several -persons of distinction were formerly interred: -but no records remain that mention -the time when divine worship was performed -in it.</p> - -<p class='c004'>St. Paul’s cathedral was encompassed -with a wall about the year 1109, which -extended from the north east corner of -Ave Mary lane, eastward along Pater -noster row, to the north end of the Old -Change in Cheapside; whence it ran -southward to Carter lane, and passing on -the north side of it to Creed lane, turned -up to Ludgate street. To this wall there -were six gates, the principal of which was -situated near the end of Creed lane in -Ludgate street. The second was at St. -Paul’s alley in Pater noster row, the third -at Canon alley; the fourth, called the -Little gate, was situated at the entrance -into Cheapside; the fifth, called St. Austin’s, -led to Watling street; and the sixth -fronted the south gate of the church near -St. Paul’s chain.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Within the north side of this enclosure -was situated in the middle of the church -yard, a pulpit cross, at which sermons -were preached weekly; and here was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_121'>121</span>held the folkmote, or general convention -of the citizens.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Facing this cross stood the charnel, in -which the bones of the dead were decently -piled up together, a thousand loads -whereof were removed to Finsbury fields -in the reign of Edward VI. and there laid -in a moorish place, with so much earth -to cover them, as raised a considerable -mount, on which was erected three windmills -to stand upon.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the north west corner of the church -yard, was the episcopal palace, contiguous -to which on the east was a cemetery denominated -Pardon Church Haw, where -Gilbert Becket erected a chapel in the -reign of King Stephen. See <span class='sc'>Pardon -Church</span>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the east of the church yard was a -clochier or bell tower by St. Paul’s school; -wherein were four great bells, called -Jesus bells, from their belonging to Jesus -chapel in St. Faith’s church; but these, -together with a fine image of St. Paul on -the top of the spire, being won by Sir -Miles Partridge, Knt. of Henry VIII. at -one cast of the dice, were by that gentleman -taken down and sold.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It may not be improper here to take -notice of the celebration of divine service, -the obsequies, anniversaries and chauntries -<span class='pageno' id='Page_122'>122</span>particularly belonging to this cathedral: -as to the first, Richard Clifford, Bishop -of London, in 1414, with the consent -of the Dean and Chapter, ordained that -from thence forward it should be altered -from the old form, and made conformable -to the church of Salisbury, and -other cathedrals within this kingdom.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The performance of obsequies for great -persons deceased, was however retained -as a peculiar privilege of this cathedral, -from whence great profits arose. Indeed -“the state and order observed on these -occasions,” says Sir William Dugdale, -“was little inferior to that used at the -funerals of those great personages; the -church and choir being hung with black, -and escutcheons of their arms; their -herses set up in wonderful magnificence, -adorned with rich banner rolls, &c. and -environed with barriers; having chief -mourners and assistants, accompanied by -several Bishops and Abbots in their proper -habits; the Ambassadors of foreign -Princes, many of our Nobility, the -Knights of the Garter, the Lord Mayor, -and the several Companies of London, -who all attended with great devotion at -these ceremonies.” This author adds -a list of Emperors, Empresses, and Kings -performed in this cathedral.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_123'>123</span>As to anniversaries, those of the conversion -and commemoration of St. Paul, -the consecration of the church, and the -canonization of St. Erkenwald, were the -principal. It is very remarkable, with -respect to the first of these anniversaries, -that Sir William le Baud, Knt. in the -third year of Edward I. granted a good -fat doe annually on the day of the conversion -of St. Paul, and a good fat buck -upon the day of commemoration, which -till the reign of Queen Elizabeth were received -with great formality at the steps -of the choir, by the Canons cloathed in -their sacred vestments, with garlands of -flowers on their heads. Camden, who -was an eye witness of this solemnity, says, -that the horns of the buck were carried on -a spear in procession round the inside of -the church, the men blowing horns, &c. -and then the buck being offered at the high -altar, a shilling was ordered by the Dean -and Chapter for the entertainment of the -servants who brought it, and this concluded -the ceremony.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The anniversaries of the consecration -and canonization, were celebrated at the -public expence: but there were other -anniversaries of a private nature, provided -for by particular endowments, as that of -Sir John Poultney, Knt. who had been -<span class='pageno' id='Page_124'>124</span>four times Lord Mayor of London, and -assigned annual salaries to all who bore -office about the church, together with -an allowance of 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> to the Lord -Mayor, 5<i>s.</i> to the Recorder; 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> to -the two Sheriffs; 3<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> to the Common -Crier; 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> to the Lord Mayor’s serjeants, -and 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> to the Master of the -college of St. Laurence Poultney, provided -they were present at his anniversary; -but if any were absent, their share -were to be distributed to the poor. There -were many other anniversaries of the same -kind.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The chauntries founded by men of -condition for the maintenance of one or -two priests, to celebrate divine service -daily, for the release from purgatory of -their souls, the souls of their dearest friends -and relations, and of all the faithful -deceased; but these were in a short time -increased to such a degree, and the endowments -were so slender, that so early -as the reign of Richard II. Bishop Baybroke -caused forty-four of them to be -united into one solemn service.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Having thus taken a transient survey of -this magnificent edifice, in its flourishing -state, with all its appendages, we shall now -view its decline, and trace this venerable -Gothic structure to its final destruction.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_125'>125</span>The first remarkable misfortune that -befel it was in 1444, when about two -o’clock in the afternoon, its lofty wooden -spire was fired by lightning; but by the -assiduity of the citizens, it was soon -seemingly extinguished: however to their -great surprise and terror it broke out again -with redoubled fury at about nine -o’clock at night; but by the indefatigable -pains of the Lord Mayor and citizens, it -was at last effectually extinguished. The -damage was not however fully repaired -till the year 1462, when the spire was -compleated, and a beautiful fane of gilt -copper in the form of an eagle was -placed upon it.</p> - -<p class='c004'>About an hundred years after this accident, -another of the same kind happened -to it, generally attributed to the same -cause, but much more fatal in its consequences; -the fire consuming not only -the fine spire, but the upper roof of the -church, and that of the aisles for in the -space of four hours it burnt all the rafters, -and every thing else that was combustible: -but though it was universally believed that -this fire was occasioned by lightning, yet, -Dr. Heylin says, that an ancient plumber -confessed at his death, that it was occasioned -through his negligence in carelessly -leaving a pan of coals in the steeple, while -<span class='pageno' id='Page_126'>126</span>he went to dinner, which taking hold -of the dry timber in the spire, was got to -such a height at his return, that he judged -it impossible to quench it, and therefore -concluded it would be more consistent -with his safety, not to contradict the -common report.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This calamity was followed by a general -contribution among the clergy, nobility, -great officers of state, the city of -London, and the Queen herself, who -gave a thousand marks in gold towards its -speedy repair, with a warrant for a thousand -loads of timber to be cut in any of -her woods, wherever it should be found -most convenient; so that in five years -time, the timber roofs were entirely -finished, and covered with lead, the two -largest being framed in Yorkshire, and -brought by sea; but some difference in -opinion arising about the model of the -steeple, that part of the work was left -unattempted; and it was never after rebuilt; -for upon raising the roofs the -walls were found to be so much damaged -by the fire, that it was judged necessary -to make a general repair of the whole -building; but this was deferred for a long -time.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At length Mr. Henry Farley, after -above eight years earnest solicitation of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_127'>127</span>King James I. prevailed on his Majesty to -interpose in order to prevent the ruin of -this venerable fabric, when that Prince, -considering of what importance appearances -are in the promotion of public -zeal, caused it to be rumoured abroad, -that on Sunday the 26th of March 1620, -he would be present at divine service in St. -Paul’s cathedral.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Accordingly at the day appointed, his -Majesty came thither on horseback in all -the pomp of royalty, attended by the -principal nobility and great officers of his -court, and was met by the Lord Mayor, -Aldermen and Livery in their formalities, -who, upon the King’s alighting at the -great west door, joined in the procession. -When his Majesty entered the church, he -kneeled near the brazen pillar, where he -prayed for success; and then was received -under a canopy, supported by the Dean -and Residentiaries, the rest of the Prebends -and Dignitaries, with the whole -company of singing men advancing before -him to the choir, which, on this occasion, -was richly adorned with hangings. -Here he heard an anthem, and then proceeded -to the cross, where Dr. King, -Bishop of London, preached a sermon -suitable to the occasion, from a text given -him by his Majesty, in Psalm cii. 13, 14. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_128'>128</span>and this sermon was afterwards circulated -with considerable effect through the whole -kingdom. After divine service was ended, -his Majesty and the whole court were -splendidly entertained at the Bishop’s -palace, where a consultation was held, in -which it was agreed to issue a commission -under the great seal, directed to the principal -personages in the kingdom, empowering -them to consider of the necessary -repairs, and to raise money for carrying -them into execution. But tho’ the -commissioners afterwards met to prosecute -this enquiry, yet, as it was found that -the ruin of the Bishop and principal Dignitaries -of the cathedral was chiefly -aimed at, the whole affair came to nothing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>However, in the succeeding reign -another commission was obtained for -the same purpose, by the assiduity of -Archbishop Laud, which was attended -with better success; so that in 1632, -Inigo Jones, his Majesty’s Surveyor-general, -was ordered to begin there pairs -at the south east end, and to bring them -along by the south to the west end.</p> - -<p class='c004'>That celebrated architect prosecuted the -work with such diligence, that in nine -years time, the whole was finished both -within and without, except the steeple, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_129'>129</span>which was intended to be entirely taken -down, and a magnificent portico of the -Corinthian order, was also erected at -the west end, at the sole expence of -King Charles I. ornamented with the -statues of his royal father and himself.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Every thing being now in readiness for -erecting the steeple and spire, which were -to be of stone, an estimate was made of -the money contributed, and that already -expended in repairs; whereby it appeared -that 101,330<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> had been received -into the chamber of London on this account, -and but 35,551<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> paid out, -so that there appeared to be a fund in hand -sufficient to erect it in the most magnificent -manner: but the flames of civil war -soon after breaking out, a period was put -to this great design.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The revenues were now seized, the -famous Pulpit Cross in the church yard -was pulled down; the scaffolding of the -steeple was assigned by parliament for the -payment of arrears due to the army; the -body of the church was converted into -saw pits; part of the south cross was -suffered to tumble down; the west part of -the church was converted into a stable; and -the stately new portico into shops for milliners -and others, with lodging rooms over -<span class='pageno' id='Page_130'>130</span>them, at the erecting of which, Dr. Heylin -observes, the magnificent columns were -piteously mangled, being obliged to make -way for the ends of beams, which penetrated -their centers.</p> - -<p class='c004'>However, at the restoration, a new -commission was procured for its immediate -reparation, and great sums of money -raised by a voluntary contribution; but -before any thing material could be accomplished, -the dreadful fire of London -reduced the whole edifice to little better -than a heap of ruins.</p> - -<p class='c004'>After two years fruitless labour in endeavouring -to fit up some part of the -old fabric for divine worship, it was found -to be incapable of any substantial repair. -It was therefore resolved to raze the foundations -of the old building, and to erect -on the same spot a new cathedral -that should equal, if not exceed the -splendor of the old; for this end letters -patent were granted to several Lords spiritual -and temporal, authorising them to -proceed in the work, and appointing Dr. -Christopher Wren, Surveyor-general of -all his Majesty’s works, to prepare a model. -Contributions came in so extremely fast, -that in the first ten years above 126,000<i>l.</i> -was paid into the chamber of London; a -new duty for the carrying on of this work -<span class='pageno' id='Page_131'>131</span>was laid on coals, which at a medium -produced 5000<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and his -Majesty generously contributed 1000<i>l.</i> -a year, towards carrying on the work.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Dr. Wren, afterwards Sir Christopher, -was now called upon to produce his designs; -he had before drawn several, in order -to discover what would be most acceptable -to the general taste; and finding -that persons of all degrees declared for -magnificence and grandeur, he formed a -very noble one, conformable to the best -style of the Greek and Roman architecture, -and having caused a large model to -be made of it in wood, with all its ornaments, -he presented it to his Majesty; but -the Bishops not approving of it, as not -enough of a cathedral fashion, the Surveyor -was ordered to amend it, upon -which he produced the scheme of the -present structure, which was honoured -with his Majesty’s approbation. The first -design, however, which was only of the -Corinthian order, like St. Peter’s at Rome, -the Surveyor set a higher value upon than on -any other he ever drew, and as the author -of his life observes, would have put it in -execution with more cheerfulness, than -that which we now see erected. This -curious model is still preserved in the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_132'>132</span>cathedral, and may be seen at a small -expence.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the year 1675, Dr. Wren began -to prosecute the work; the pulling -down the old walls, which were eighty -feet high, and clearing the rubbish, had -cost many of the labourers their lives; -and this put him upon contriving to facilitate -its execution by art. The first project -he tried was with gunpowder; for -on their coming to the tower of the -steeple, the men absolutely refused to work -upon it; for its height struck the most -hardy of them with terror. He therefore -caused a hole of about four feet wide to be -dug in the foundation of the north west -pillar, it being supported by four pillars -each fourteen feet diameter, and then -with tools made on purpose, wrought a -hole two feet square into the center of the -pillar, in which he placed a little deal -box, containing only eighteen pounds of -powder. A cane was fixed to the box with -a match, and the hole closed up again -with as much strength as possible.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Nothing now remained but to set fire -to the train, and the Surveyor was exceeding -curious to observe the effect of -the explosion, which indeed was wonderful; -for this small quantity of powder -<span class='pageno' id='Page_133'>133</span>not only lifted up the whole angle of the -tower, with two arches that rested upon -it; but also the two adjoining arches of -the isles, and all above them; and this -it seemed to do somewhat leisurely, cracking -the walls to the top, and lifting up -visibly the whole weight about nine inches, -which suddenly tumbling to its center, -again caused an enormous heap of ruin, -without scattering, and it was half a -minute before this huge mountain opened -in two or three places and emitted smoke. -The shock of so great a weight from a -height of two hundred feet, alarmed the -inhabitants round about with the terrible -apprehensions of an earthquake.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A second trial of the same kind, was -made by a person appointed by Dr. Wren, -who being too wise in his own conceit, -disobeyed the orders he had received, put -in a greater quantity of powder, and -omitted to take the same care in closing -up the hole, or digging to the foundation; -but though this second trial had the desired -effect, yet one stone was shot as from -the mouth of a cannon to the opposite -side of the church yard, and entered a -private room where some women were at -work; but no other damage was done, -besides spreading a panic among the -neighbours, who instantly made application -<span class='pageno' id='Page_134'>134</span>above against the farther use of -gunpowder, and orders were issued from -the council board accordingly.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Surveyor being now reduced to the -necessity of making new experiments, resolved -to try the battering ram of the ancients, -and therefore caused a strong mast -forty feet long to be shod with iron at the -biggest end, and fortified every way with -bars and ferrels, and having caused it to -be suspended set it to work. Thirty men -were employed in vibrating this machine, -who beat in one place against the wall a -whole day without any visible effect. He -however bid them not despair, but try -what another day would produce; and -on the second day the wall was perceived -to tremble at the top, and in a few hours -it fell to the ground.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In clearing the foundation, he found -that the north side had been anciently a -great burying place; for under the graves -of these latter ages, he found in a row the -graves of the Saxons, who cased their -dead in chalk stones; tho’ persons of great -eminence were buried in stone coffins: -below these were the graves of the ancient -Britons, as was manifest from the great -number of ivory and wooden pins found -among the mouldered dust; for it was -their method only to pin the corpse in -<span class='pageno' id='Page_135'>135</span>woollen shrouds, and lay them in the -ground, and this covering being consumed, -the ivory and wooden pins remained -entire.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At a still greater depth he discovered a -great number of Roman potsheards, urns, -and dishes, sound, and of a beautiful red -like our sealing wax; on the bottoms of -some of them were inscriptions, which -denoted their having been drinking vessels; -and on others, which resembled our -modern sallad dishes, beautifully made -and curiously wrought, was the inscription -DZ. PRIMANI. and on others, -those of PATRICI. QUINTIMANI. -VICTOR. IANUS. RECINIO, &c. The -pots and several glass vessels were of a -murrey colour; and others resembling -urns, were beautifully embellished on the -outsides with raised work, representing -grey hounds, stags, hares, and rose trees. -Others were of a cinnamon colour, in -the form of an urn, and tho’ a little faded, -appeared as if they had been gilt. Some -resembling juggs formed an hexagon, and -were curiously indented and adorned with -a variety of figures in basso relievo.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The red vessels appeared to have been -the most honourable; for on them were -inscribed the names of their deities, -heroes, and judges; and the matter of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_136'>136</span>which these vessels were made, was of -such an excellent composition, as to vie -with polished metal in beauty.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There were also discovered several -brass coins, which by their long continuance -in the earth were become a prey to -time; but some of them that were in a -more favourable soil, were so well preserved -as to discover in whose reign they -were coined: on one of them was -Adrian’s head, with a galley under oars -on the reverse; and on others, the heads -of Romulus and Remus, Claudius and -Constantine.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At a somewhat smaller depth were discovered -a number of <i>lapilli</i> or <i>tesselæ</i>, of -various sorts of marble, viz. Egyptian, -Porphyry, Jasper, &c. in the form of dice, -which were used by the Romans in paving -the <i>prætorium</i>, or General’s tent. <i>Conyers -M. S. in the Sloanian library, in the -Museum.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>On searching for the natural ground, -Dr. Wren perceived that the foundation -of the old church stood upon a layer -of very close and hard pot earth, on the -north side about six feet deep, but gradually -thinning towards the south, till on -the declivity of the hill, it was scarce -four feet; yet he concluded that the -same ground which had borne so weighty -<span class='pageno' id='Page_137'>137</span>a building before, might reasonably be -trusted again. However, boring beneath -this, he found a stratum of loose sand; -and lower still, at low water mark, water -and sand mixed with periwinkles and -other sea shells; under this, a hard -beach; and below all the natural bed of -clay that extends far and wide, under the -city, country, and river.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The foundations appeared to be those -originally laid, consisting of Kentish -rubble stone, artfully worked and consolidated -with exceeding hard mortar, -after the Roman manner, much excelling -what he found in the superstructure. What -induced him to change the scite of the -church, and eraze the old foundations -which were so firm, was the desire of -giving the new structure a more free and -graceful aspect; yet after all, he found -himself too much confined; and unable -to bring his front to lie exactly from -Ludgate. However, in his progress he -met with one misfortune that made him -almost repent of the alteration he had -made; he began the foundation from the -west to the east, and then extending his -line to the north east, where he expected -no interruption, he fell upon a pit, where -the hard crust of pot earth, already mentioned, -had been taken away, and to his -<span class='pageno' id='Page_138'>138</span>unspeakable mortification, filled up with -rubbish: he wanted but six or seven feet -to complete his design, yet there was no -other remedy but digging thro’ the sand, -and building from the solid earth, that -was at least forty feet deep. He therefore -sunk a pit eighteen feet wide, tho’ -he wanted at most but seven, thro’ all the -strata, that has been already mentioned, -and laid the foundations of a square pier -of solid good masonry, which he carried up -till he came within fifteen feet of the present -surface; and then turned a short arch -under ground to the level of the stratum -of hard pot-earth, upon which arch the -north east coin of the choir now stands.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This difficulty being surmounted, and -the foundations laid, he for several reasons -made choice of Portland stone for the -superstructure; but chiefly as the largest -scantlings were to be procured from -thence: however, as these could not be -depended upon for columns exceeding four -feet in diameter, this determined this -great architect to make choice of two orders -instead of one, and an Attic story, -as at St. Peter’s at Rome, in order to preserve -the just proportions of his cornice, -otherwise the edifice must have fallen short -of its intended height. Bramante in -building St. Peter’s, though he had the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_139'>139</span>quarries of Tivoli at hand, where he -could have blocks large enough for his -columns of nine feet diameter, yet for -want of stones of suitable dimensions, was -obliged to diminish the proportions of the -proper members of his cornice; a fault -against which Dr. Wren resolved to -guard. On these principles he therefore -proceeded, in raising the present magnificent -edifice.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The general form of St. Paul’s cathedral -is a long cross: the walls are wrought in -rustic, and strengthened as well as adorned -by two rows of coupled pilasters, one over -the other; the lower Corinthian, and -the upper Composite. The spaces between -the arches of the windows, and the -architrave of the lower order, are filled -with a great variety of curious enrichments, -as are those above.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The west front is graced with a most -magnificent portico, a noble pediment, -and two stately turrets, and when one -advances towards the church from Ludgate, -the elegant construction of this front, -the fine turrets over each corner, and the -vast dome behind, fill the mind with a -pleasing astonishment.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At this end, there is a noble flight of -steps of black marble, that extend the -whole length of the portico, which -<span class='pageno' id='Page_140'>140</span>consists of twelve lofty Corinthian columns -below, and eight of the Composite order -above; these are all coupled and fluted. -The upper series supports a noble pediment -crowned with its acroteria. In this -pediment is a very elegant representation -in bas relief, of the conversion of St. Paul, -which was executed by Mr. Bird, an artist, -who, by this piece, has deserved to -have his name transmitted to posterity. -Nothing could have been conceived more -difficult to represent in bas relief than this -conversion; the most striking object being -naturally the irradiation of light, but -even this is well expressed, and the figures -are excellently performed. The magnificent -figure of St. Paul, also on the apex -of the pediment, with St. Peter on his -right and St. James on his left, have a fine -effect. The four Evangelists with their -proper emblems on the front of the -towers, are also very judiciously disposed, -and well executed: St. Matthew is distinguished -by an angel: St. Mark, by a -lion; St. Luke, by an ox; and St. John, -by an eagle.</p> - -<p class='c004'>To the north portico, there is an ascent -by twelve circular steps of black marble; -and its dome is supported by six large -Corinthian columns, forty-eight inches -in diameter. Upon the dome is a large -<span class='pageno' id='Page_141'>141</span>and well proportioned urn, finely ornamented -with festoons; and over this is -a pediment supported by pilasters in the -wall, in the face of which is the royal -arms, with the regalia, supported by -angels. And lest this view of the cathedral -should appear void of sufficient ornament, -the statues of five of the Apostles -are placed on the top at proper distances.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The south portico answers to the north, -and is placed directly opposite to it. This, -like the other, is a dome supported by six -noble Corinthian columns: but, as the -ground is considerably lower on this, than -on the other side of the church, the ascent -is by a flight of twenty-five steps. This -portico has also a pediment above, in -which is a phœnix rising out of the flames -with the motto RESURGAM underneath -it, as an emblem of the rebuilding -the church after the fire. This device had -perhaps its origin from an incident, which -happened at the beginning of the work, -and was particularly remarked by the -architect as a favourable omen. When -Dr. Wren himself had set out upon the -place the dimensions of the building, and -fixed upon the center of the great dome, -a common labourer was ordered to bring -him a flat stone, the first he found among -<span class='pageno' id='Page_142'>142</span>the rubbish, to leave as a mark of direction -to the masons; the stone which the -fellow brought for this purpose, happened -to be a piece of a grave stone with nothing -remaining of the inscription but this -single word in large capitals, RESURGAM; -a circumstance which Dr. Wren -never forgot. On this side of the building -are likewise five statues, which take their -situation from that of St. Andrew on -the apex of the last mentioned pediment.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At the cast end of the church is a sweep -or circular projection for the altar, finely -ornamented with the orders, and with -sculpture, particularly a noble piece in -honour of his Majesty King William III.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The dome which rises in the center of -the whole, appears extremely grand. -Twenty feet above the roof of the church -is a circular range of thirty-two columns, -with niches placed exactly against others -within. These are terminated by their -entablature, which supports a handsome -gallery adorned with a balustrade. Above -these columns is a range of pilasters, with -windows between; and from the entablature -of these the diameter decreases -very considerably; and two feet above -that it is again contracted. From this -part the external sweep of the dome begins, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_143'>143</span>and the arches meet at fifty-two -feet above. On the summit of the dome -is an elegant balcony; and from its center -rises the lanthorn adorned with Corinthian -columns; and the whole is terminated by -a ball, from which rises a cross, both elegantly -gilt. These parts, which appear -from below of a very moderate size, are -extremely large.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This vast and noble fabric, which is -2292 feet in circumference, and 340 feet -in height to the top of the cross, is surrounded -at a proper distance by a dwarf -stone wall, on which is placed the most -magnificent balustrade of cast iron perhaps -in the universe, of about five feet six inches -in height, exclusive of the wall. In this -stately enclosure are seven beautiful iron -gates, which, together with the banisters, -in number about 2500, weigh two -hundred tons and eighty-one pounds, -which having cost 6<i>d.</i> per pound, the -whole, with other charges, amounted to -11,202<i>l.</i> and 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>In the area of the grand west front, on a -pedestal of excellent workmanship, stands -a statue of Queen Anne, formed of -white marble with proper decorations. The -figures on the base represent Britannia with -her spear; Gallia, with a crown in her lap; -Hibernia, with her harp; and America -<span class='pageno' id='Page_144'>144</span>with her bow. These, and the colossal -statues with which the church is adorned, -were all done by the ingenious Mr. Hill, -who was chiefly employed in the decorations.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The north east part of the church yard -is conferred by the Dean and Chapter -upon the inhabitants of St. Faith’s parish, -which is united to St. Austin’s, for the -interment of their dead; as is also the -south east part of the cemetery, with a vault -therein, granted to St. Gregory’s parish for -the same use.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On ascending the steps at the west end, -we find three doors ornamented on the top -with bas relief; the middle door, which is -by far the largest, is cased with white -marble, and over it is a fine piece of basso -relievo, in which St. Paul is represented -preaching to the Bereans. On entering -this door, on the inside of which hang the -colours taken from the French at Louisbourg -in 1758, the mind is struck by the -nobleness of the vista; an arcade supported -by lofty and massy pillars on each -hand, divide the church into the body -and two isles, and the view is terminated -by the altar at the extremity of the choir. -The above pillars are adorned with columns -and pilasters of the Corinthian and -Composite orders, and the arches of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_145'>145</span>roof enriched with shields, festoons, chaplets -and other ornaments.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the isle on one hand is the consistory, -and opposite to it on the other is the -morning prayer chapel, where divine service -is performed every morning early, -Sunday excepted: each of these have a -very beautiful screen of carved wainscot, -that is admired by the best judges, and -each are adorned with twelve columns, -arched pediments and the royal arms, -finely decorated.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On proceeding forward, you come to -the large cross isle between the north and -south porticos; over which is the cupola. -Here you have a view of the whispering -gallery, of the paintings above it, and the -concave, which fills the mind with surprise -and pleasure. Under its center is -fixed in the floor a brass plate, round -which the pavement is beautifully variegated; -but the figures into which it is -formed can no where be so well seen as -from the whispering gallery.</p> - -<p class='c004'>You have now a full view of the organ, -richly ornamented with carved work, -with the entrance to the choir directly -under it. The two isles on the sides of -the choir, as well as the choir itself, are here -enclosed with very fine iron rails and gates.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The organ gallery is supported by eight -Corinthian columns of blue and white -<span class='pageno' id='Page_146'>146</span>marble, and the choir has on each side -thirty stalls, besides the Bishop’s throne -on the south side, and the Lord Mayor’s -on the north. The carving of the beautiful -range of stalls as well as that of the organ, -is much admired.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Here the reader’s desk, which is at some -distance from the pulpit, is an enclosure -of very fine brass rails gilt, in which is a -gilt brass pillar supporting an eagle of brass -gilt, which holds the book on his back and -expanded wings.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The altar piece is adorned with four -noble fluted pilasters painted and veined -with gold in imitation of lapis lazuli, and -their capitals are double gilt. In the intercolumniations -are twenty-one pannels -of figured crimson velvet, and above them -six windows, in two series.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The floor of the choir, and indeed of the -whole church, is paved with marble: but -within the rails of the altar with porphyry, -polished and laid in several geometrical -figures.</p> - -<p class='c004'>But to be more particular: as the disposition -of the vaultings within is an essential -beauty, without which many other -ornaments would lose their effect, so the -architect was particularly careful in this -respect. “The Romans,” says the author -of the <i>Parentalia</i>, “used hemispherical -vaultings, and Sir Christopher chose -<span class='pageno' id='Page_147'>147</span>those as being demonstrably lighter than -the diagonal cross vaults: so the whole -vault of St. Paul’s consists of twenty-four -cupolas cut off semicircular, with -segments to join to the great arches one -way, and which are cut across the -other, with eliptical cylinders to let in -the upper lights of the nave; but in -the isles the lesser cupolas are both -ways cut in semicircular sections, and -altogether make a graceful geometrical -form, distinguished with circular -wreaths which is the horizontal section -of the cupola; for the hemisphere may -be cut all manner of ways into circular -sections; and the arches and wreaths -being of stone carved, the spandrels -between are of sound brick, invested -with stucco of cockle-shell lime, which -becomes as hard as Portland stone; and -which having large planes between the -stone ribs, are capable of the farther -ornaments of painting, if required.</p> - -<p class='c004'>“Besides these twenty-four cupolas, -there is a half cupola at the east, and -the great cupola of 108 feet in diameter -at the middle of the crossing of the great -isles. In this the architect imitated the -Pantheon at Rome, excepting that the -upper order is there only umbratile, -and distinguished by different coloured -marbles; in St. Paul’s it is extant out -<span class='pageno' id='Page_148'>148</span>of the wall. The Pantheon is no higher -within than its diameter; St. Peter’s is -two diameters; this shews too high, -the other too low; St. Paul’s is a mean -proportion between both, which shews -its concave every way, and is very -lightsome by the windows of the upper -order, which strike down the light -thro’ the great colonade that encircles -the dome without, and serves for the -abutment of the dome, which is brick -of two bricks thick; but as it rises -every way five feet high, has a course -of excellent brick of eighteen inches -long banding thro’ the whole thickness; -and moreover, to make it still -more secure, it is surrounded with a -vast chain of iron strongly linked together -at every ten feet. This chain -is let into a channel cut into the bandage -of Portland stone, and defended -from the weather by filling the groove -with lead.</p> - -<p class='c004'>“The concave was turned upon a -center; which was judged necessary -to keep the work even and true, though -a cupola might be built without a center; -but it is observable that the center -was laid without any standards from -below to support; and as it was both -centering and scaffolding, it remained -for the use of the painter. Every story -<span class='pageno' id='Page_149'>149</span>of this scaffolding being circular, and -the ends of all the ledgers meeting as -so many rings, and truly wrought, it -supported itself. This machine was -an original of the kind, and will be an -useful project for the like work, to an -architect hereafter.</p> - -<p class='c004'>“It was necessary to give a greater -height than the cupola would gracefully -allow within, tho’ it is considerably -above the roof of the church; yet the -old church having before had a very -lofty spire of timber and lead, the -world expected that the new work -should not, in this respect, fall short of -the old; the architect was therefore -obliged to comply with the humour of -the age, and to raise another structure -over the first cupola; and this was a -cone of brick, so built as to support a -stone lanthorn of an elegant figure, -and ending in ornaments of copper gilt.</p> - -<p class='c004'>“As the whole church above the -vaulting is covered with a substantial -oaken roof, and lead, the most durable -covering in our climate, so he covered -and hid out of sight the brick cone, -with another cupola of timber and -lead; and between this and the cone, -are easy stairs that ascend to the lanthorn. -Here the spectator may have a -view of such amazing contrivances as -<span class='pageno' id='Page_150'>150</span>are indeed astonishing. He forbore to -make little luthern windows in the -leaden cupola, as are done out of St. -Peter’s, because he had otherwise provided -for light enough to the stairs -from the lanthorn above, and round -the pedestal of the same, which are -now seen below; so that he only ribbed -the outward cupola, which he -thought less Gothic than to stick it full -of such little lights in three stories one -above another, as is the cupola of St. -Peter’s, which could not without difficulty -be mended, and, if neglected, -would soon damage the timbers.”</p> - -<p class='c004'>As Sir Christopher was sensible, that -paintings, tho’ ever so excellent, are liable -to decay, he intended to have beautified -the inside of the cupola with mosaic work, -which strikes the eye of the beholder -with amazing lustre, and without the least -decay of colours, is as durable as the -building itself; but in this he was unhappily -over-ruled, tho’ he had undertaken to -procure four of the most eminent artists in -that profession from Italy; this part is -however richly decorated and painted by -Sir James Thornhill, who has represented -the principal passages of St. Paul’s life in -eight compartments, viz. his conversion; -his punishing Elymas, the sorcerer, with -blindness; his preaching at Athens; his -<span class='pageno' id='Page_151'>151</span>curing the poor cripple at Lystra, and the -reverence paid him there by the priests -of Jupiter as a God; his conversion of the -jailer; his preaching at Ephesus, and the -burning of the magic books in consequence -of the miracles he wrought there; -his trial before Agrippa; his shipwreck on -the island of Melita, or Malta, with the -miracle of the viper. These paintings -are all seen to advantage by means of a -circular opening, through which the light -is transmitted with admirable effect from -the lanthorn above.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The highest or last stone on the top of -the lanthorn, was laid by Mr. Christopher -Wren, the son of this great architect, in -the year 1710; and thus was this noble -fabric, lofty enough to be discerned at sea -eastward, and at Windsor to the west, -begun and compleated in the space of -thirty-five years, by one architect, the -great Sir Christopher Wren; one principal -mason, Mr. Strong; and under one -Bishop of London, Dr. Henry Compton: -whereas St. Peter’s at Rome, the only -structure that can come in competition -with it, continued an hundred and fifty -five years in building, under twelve successive -architects; assisted by the police -and interests of the Roman see; attended -by the best artists of the world in sculpture, -statuary, painting and mosaic work; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_152'>152</span>and facilitated by the ready acquisition of -marble from the neighbouring quarries of -Tivoli.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>The curiosities in this cathedral which -strangers pay for seeing.</i> On entering -the south door, there is a pair of stairs -within a small door on the right, leading -to the cupola, and the stranger by paying -two pence may gratify his curiosity with -a prospect from the iron gallery at the -foot of the lanthorn, which in a clear day -affords a fine view of the river, of this -whole metropolis and all the adjacent -country, interspersed with pleasant villages.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The ascent to this gallery is by 534 -steps, 260 of which are so easy that a -child may without difficulty ascend them; -but those above are unpleasant, and in some -places very dark; but the little light -that is afforded is sufficient to shew amazing -proofs of the wonderful contrivances -of the architect. But as the first gallery, -surrounded by a stone balustrade, affords -a very fine prospect, many are satisfied, -and unwilling to undergo the fatigue of -mounting higher.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the stranger’s descent he is invited -to see the whispering gallery, which will -likewise cost two pence; he here beholds -to advantage the beautiful pavement of -the church, and from hence he has -the most advantageous view of the fine -<span class='pageno' id='Page_153'>153</span>paintings in the cupola. Here sounds are -magnified to an astonishing degree; the -least whisper is heard round the whole -circumference; the voice of one person -softly speaking against the wall on the -other side, seems as if he stood at our ear -on this, though the distance between -them is no less than an hundred and forty -feet: and the shutting of the door resounds -through the place like thunder, or -as if the whole fabric was falling asunder. -To this gallery there is an easy ascent -for persons of distinction, by a most -beautiful flight of stairs.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The stranger is next invited to see the -library, the books of which are neither -numerous nor valuable; but the floor is -artfully inlaid without either nails or pegs, -and the wainscoting and book cases are not -inelegant.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The next curiosity is the fine model -Sir Christopher first caused to be made for -building the new cathedral. It was not -taken from St. Peter’s at Rome, as is pretended; -but was Sir Christopher’s own -invention, and the model on which he -set the highest value; and it is a great -pity, that what was performed as the utmost -exertion of the abilities of this great -architect, should be suffered to run to decay.</p> - -<p class='c004'>He is next shewn the great bell in the -south tower, which weighs 84 c. weight. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_154'>154</span>On this bell the hammer of the great clock -strikes the hour, and on a smaller bell are -struck the quarters.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The last thing shewn, are what are -vulgarly called the geometry stairs, which -are so artfully contrived as to hang together -without visible support; but this -kind of stairs, however curious in themselves, -are neither new nor uncommon. -<i>Parentalia. Historical account of the curiosities -of London</i>, &c.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The cathedral church of St. Paul’s is -deservedly esteemed the second in Europe, -not for magnitude only but for beauty -and grandeur. St. Peter’s at Rome is -undoubtedly the first, but at the same -time it is generally acknowledged by all -travellers of taste, that the outside, and -particularly the front of St. Paul’s, is -much superior to St. Peter’s. The two -towers at the west end, though faulty in -some respects, are yet elegant, and the -portico finely marks the principal entrance. -The loggia, crowned with a -pediment, with its alto relievo and statues, -make in the whole a fine shape, -whereas St. Peter’s is a straight line without -any break. The dome is extremely -magnificent, and by rising higher than -that at Rome, is seen to more advantage -on a near approach. The inside, though -noble, falls short of St. Peter’s. The discontinuing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_155'>155</span>the architrave of the great entablature -over the arches in the middle of -the isle, is a fault the architects can never -forgive. Notwithstanding, without a critical -examination, it appears very striking, -especially on entering the north or south -door. The side isles though small are very -elegant, and if it does not equal St. Peter’s, -there is much to be said in defence both -of it and the architect, who was not permitted -to decorate it as he intended, -through a want of taste in the managers, -who seemed to have forgot that it was -intended a national ornament. St. Peter’s -has all the advantages of painting and -sculpture of the greatest masters, and is -encrusted with a variety of the finest -marbles, no cost being spared to make it -exceed every thing of its kind. The -great geometrical knowledge of the architect -can never be sufficiently admired, -but this can be come at only by a thorough -inspection of the several parts.</p> - -<p class='c004'>For the farther satisfaction of the curious -reader, we shall conclude this article -with an account of the dimensions -of St. Paul’s cathedral compared with -those of St. Peter’s at Rome, from an account -published some years ago: the measures -of the latter being taken from the -authentic dimensions of the best architects -of Rome, reduced to English measure.</p> - -<table class='table1' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='75%' /> -<col width='12%' /> -<col width='12%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr><td class='c019' colspan='3'><span class='pageno' id='Page_156'>156</span></td></tr> - <tr> - <th class='c020'></th> - <th class='blt c021'><span class='sc'>Feet.</span></th> - <th class='blt c021'><span class='sc'>Feet.</span></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class='bbt c022'>The <span class='sc'>Plan</span>, or Length and Breadth.</th> - <th class='bbt blt c021'>St. Peter.</th> - <th class='bbt blt c021'>St. Paul.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The whole length of the church and porch</td> - <td class='blt c021'>729</td> - <td class='blt c021'>500</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth within the doors of the porticos</td> - <td class='blt c021'>510</td> - <td class='blt c021'>250</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the front with the turrets</td> - <td class='blt c021'>364</td> - <td class='blt c021'>180</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the front without the turrets</td> - <td class='blt c021'>318</td> - <td class='blt c021'>110</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the church and three naves</td> - <td class='blt c021'>255</td> - <td class='blt c021'>130</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the church and widest chapels</td> - <td class='blt c021'>364</td> - <td class='blt c021'>180</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The length of the porch within</td> - <td class='blt c021'>218</td> - <td class='blt c021'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the porch within</td> - <td class='blt c021'>40</td> - <td class='blt c021'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The length of the platea at the upper steps</td> - <td class='blt c021'>291</td> - <td class='blt c021'>100</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the nave at the door</td> - <td class='blt c021'>67</td> - <td class='blt c021'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the nave at the third pillar and tribuna</td> - <td class='blt c021'>73</td> - <td class='blt c021'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the side isles</td> - <td class='blt c021'>29</td> - <td class='blt c021'>17</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The distance between the pillars of the nave</td> - <td class='blt c021'>44</td> - <td class='blt c021'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'><span class='pageno' id='Page_157'>157</span>The breadth of the same double pillars at St. Peter’s</td> - <td class='blt c021'>29</td> - <td class='blt c021'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the same single pillars at St. Paul’s</td> - <td class='blt c021'> </td> - <td class='blt c021'>10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The two right sides of the great pilasters of the cupola</td> - <td class='blt c021'>65:7½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>25:35</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The distance between the same pilasters</td> - <td class='blt c021'>72</td> - <td class='blt c021'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The outward diameter of the cupola</td> - <td class='blt c021'>189</td> - <td class='blt c021'>145</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The inward diameter of the same</td> - <td class='blt c021'>138</td> - <td class='blt c021'>100</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the square by the cupola</td> - <td class='blt c021'>43</td> - <td class='blt c021'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The length of the same</td> - <td class='blt c021'>328</td> - <td class='blt c021'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>From the door within the cupola</td> - <td class='blt c021'>313</td> - <td class='blt c021'>190</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>From the cupola to the end of the tribuna</td> - <td class='blt c021'>167</td> - <td class='blt c021'>170</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of each of the turrets</td> - <td class='blt c021'>77</td> - <td class='blt c021'>35</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The outward diameter of the lantern</td> - <td class='blt c021'>36</td> - <td class='blt c021'>18</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The whole space, upon which one pillar stands</td> - <td class='blt c021'>5906</td> - <td class='blt c021'>875</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The whole space, upon which all the pillars stand</td> - <td class='blt c021'>23625</td> - <td class='blt c021'>7000</td> - </tr> -</table> -<table class='table2' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='75%' /> -<col width='12%' /> -<col width='12%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr><td class='c019' colspan='3'><span class='pageno' id='Page_158'>158</span></td></tr> - <tr> - <th class='c020'></th> - <th class='blt c021'><span class='sc'>Feet.</span></th> - <th class='blt c021'><span class='sc'>Feet.</span></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class='bbt c022'>The HEIGHT.</th> - <th class='bbt blt c021'>St. Peter.</th> - <th class='bbt blt c021'>St. Paul.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>From the ground without to the top of the cross</td> - <td class='blt c021'>437½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>340</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The turrets as they were at St. Peter’s and are at St. Paul’s</td> - <td class='blt c021'>289½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>222</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>To the top of the highest statues on the front</td> - <td class='blt c021'>175</td> - <td class='blt c021'>135</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The first pillars of the Corinthian order</td> - <td class='blt c021'>74</td> - <td class='blt c021'>33</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The breadth of the same</td> - <td class='blt c021'>9</td> - <td class='blt c021'>4</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Their basis and pedestals</td> - <td class='blt c021'>19</td> - <td class='blt c021'>13</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Their capital</td> - <td class='blt c021'>10</td> - <td class='blt c021'>5</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The architrave, frize, and cornice</td> - <td class='blt c021'>19</td> - <td class='blt c021'>10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The Composite pillars at St. Paul’s and Tuscan at St. Peter’s</td> - <td class='blt c021'>25½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The ornaments of the same pillars above, and below</td> - <td class='blt c021'>14½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>16</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The triangle of the mezzo relievo, with its cornice</td> - <td class='blt c021'>22½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>18</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Wide</td> - <td class='blt c021'>92</td> - <td class='blt c021'>74</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The basis of the cupola to the pedestals of the pillars</td> - <td class='blt c021'>36½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>38</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'><span class='pageno' id='Page_159'>159</span>The pillars of the cupola</td> - <td class='blt c021'>32</td> - <td class='blt c021'>28</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Their basis and pedestals</td> - <td class='blt c021'>4</td> - <td class='blt c021'>5</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Their capitals, architrave, frize, and cornice</td> - <td class='blt c021'>12</td> - <td class='blt c021'>12</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>From the cornice to the outward slope of the cupola</td> - <td class='blt c021'>25½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The lantern from the cupola to the ball</td> - <td class='blt c021'>63</td> - <td class='blt c021'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The ball in diameter</td> - <td class='blt c021'>9</td> - <td class='blt c021'>6</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The cross with its ornaments below</td> - <td class='blt c021'>14</td> - <td class='blt c021'>6</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The statues upon the front with their pedestals</td> - <td class='blt c021'>25½</td> - <td class='blt c021'>15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The outward slope of the cupola</td> - <td class='blt c021'>89</td> - <td class='blt c021'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Cupola and lantern from the cornice of the front to the top of the cross</td> - <td class='blt c021'>280</td> - <td class='blt c021'>240</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The height of the niches in the front</td> - <td class='blt c021'>20</td> - <td class='blt c021'>14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Wide</td> - <td class='blt c021'>9</td> - <td class='blt c021'>5</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>The first windows in the front</td> - <td class='blt c021'>20</td> - <td class='blt c021'>13</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c020'>Wide</td> - <td class='blt c021'>10</td> - <td class='blt c021'>7</td> - </tr> -</table> -<p class='c005'><span class='pageno' id='Page_160'>160</span>The whole expence of erecting this -edifice, on deducting the sums expended in -fruitless attempts to repair the old cathedral, -amounted to 736,752<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>Bakehouse court</i>, Godliman’s street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>chain</i>, a lane on the south of St. -Paul’s Church yard.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>Church yard</i>, 1. The area round -St. Paul’s cathedral, surrounded on the -north and west chiefly by booksellers and -toy-shops, and on the south side by the -makers of chairs, screens and cabinets. 2. -Behind Covent Garden church.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>College court</i>, St. Paul’s Church yard.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>Covent Garden</i>, a very noble edifice -built by Inigo Jones for a chapel, but now -a parish church. See <span class='sc'>Covent Garden</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Huggen lane, Thames -street. 2. Wood street, Cheapside.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paul’s Head</span> <i>court</i>, Fenchurch street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>School</i>, at the east end of St. -Paul’s Church yard, was founded by Dr. -John Collet Dean of St. Paul’s in the year -1509, for a Master, an Usher and Chaplain, -and an hundred and fifty-three -scholars; for the teaching of whom the -founder appointed a salary of 34<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> -for the upper Master; for the under Master -17<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> and for the Chaplain or -third Master, 8<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>. He appointed -the company of Mercers trustees -<span class='pageno' id='Page_161'>161</span>of this school, and by the improvement -of the estate since that time, the good -management of the company, and some -additional sums left to this foundation, the -salaries of the Masters are become considerable; -the upper Master having 300<i>l.</i> -a year, besides the advantage of additional -scholars and boarders, by which he -generally makes about 200<i>l.</i> a year more; -the second Master has 250<i>l.</i> a year, and -the third 90<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The original building was consumed -by the fire of London, and soon after the -present structure was raised in its place. It -is a very singular, and at the same time -a very handsome edifice. The central -building in which is the school, is of -stone; it is much lower than the ends, -and has only one series of windows, which -are large, and raised a considerable height -from the ground. The center is adorned -with rustic, and on the top is a handsome -pediment, in which are the founder’s arms -placed in a shield; upon the apex stands -a figure representing Learning. Under -this pediment are two windows which are -square, and on each side are two circular -windows crowned with busts, and the -spaces between them are handsomely ornamented -by work in relievo. Upon a -level with the foot of the pediment runs -<span class='pageno' id='Page_162'>162</span>on either side a handsome balustrade, on -which is placed on each side a large bust -with a radiant crown, between two flaming -vases.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The buildings at the ends of this elegant -structure are narrow, and rise to a -great height. They are of brick ornamented -with stone, and have each a small -door, and are crowned at the top with a -small balustrade.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>Shadwell</i>, owes its existence to -the increase of buildings. Shadwell, -though now joined to London, was anciently -a hamlet belonging to Stepney; -but being greatly increased in the number -of its inhabitants, Thomas Neale, Esq; -erected the present church in the year -1656 for their accommodation; and in -1669, this district was by act of parliament -constituted a distinct parish from -that of Stepney, and 120<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i> -was granted for the maintenance of the -Rector in lieu of tithes, besides a considerable -glebe, oblations and church dues, -so that the living is worth about 324<i>l.</i> a -year. <i>Maitland.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>This church, which is but a mean -edifice built with brick, is eighty-seven -feet long, and sixty-three broad; the -height to the roof is twenty-eight feet, -and that of the steeple sixty. The body -<span class='pageno' id='Page_163'>163</span>has a few windows with rustic arches, and -some very mean ones in the roof. At the -corners of the building are balls placed on -a kind of small pedestals. The tower is -carried up without ornament, and is terminated -with balls at the corners in the -same manner as the body of the church, -and is crowned with a plain low turret.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, near Bennet’s Hill.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>wharf stairs</i>, Paul’s wharf.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pay Office</span> <i>of the Navy</i>, a plain building in -Broad street near London wall, under the -direction of the Treasurer and Paymaster, -who pay for all the stores for the use of -the royal navy, and the wages of the -sailors in his Majesty’s service.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Treasurer, who is the principal -officer, has a salary of 2000<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, -and the Paymaster, who is also accomptant, -has 500<i>l.</i> a year; under this last are -eight clerks who attend the payment of -wages; three, who have 80<i>l.</i> a year; -and five who have 40<i>l.</i> a year each: besides -two extra-clerks, who have each -50<i>l.</i> a year. There are also five clerks -for paying bills in course, and writing -ledgers, viz. three who have 80<i>l.</i> a year; -and two who have only 40<i>l.</i> a year each; -besides an extra-clerk who has 50<i>l.</i> a -year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In this office there is likewise a Cashier -<span class='pageno' id='Page_164'>164</span>of the victualling, who has a salary of -150<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and has three clerks -under him, one of 70<i>l.</i> one of 50<i>l.</i> and one -of 40<i>l.</i> a year.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peachtree</span> <i>court</i>, Butcher row, without -Temple Bar.‡</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peachy</span> <i>court</i>, Sheer lane, within Temple -bar.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peacock</span> <i>alley</i>, Milford lane, in the -Strand.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peacock</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Fleet market.* 2. Giltspur -street, without Newgate.* 3. Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peacock</span> <i>lane</i>, Newington butts.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peacock</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Islington.* 2. Porter’s -street.* 3. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.* -4. Whitehorse alley, Cowcross, -Smithfield.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pead’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Bankside, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peak</span> <i>street</i>, Swallow street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peal</span> <i>alley</i>, Upper Shadwell.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peal</span> <i>yard</i>, Mint street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pearl</span> <i>court</i>, Little Pearl street, Spitalfields.* -2. White Friars.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pearl</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Grey Eagle street, Spitalfields.* -2. Silver street, Bloomsbury.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peartree</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Cinnamon street.‡ 2. -Shoreditch.‡ 3. Wapping.‡</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peartree</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Aldersgate street.‡ 2. -Clerkenwell close.‡ 3. Hockley in the -Hole.‡</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_165'>165</span><span class='sc'>Peartree</span> <i>street</i>, Brick lane, Old street.‡</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peascod</span> <i>court</i>, St. John’s street, Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peas Porrige</span> <i>alley</i>, Gravel lane.‖</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peas</span> <i>yard</i>, Nightingale lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peckham</span>, a pleasant village in Surry, in -the parish of Camberwell. Here is the -seat of the late Lord Trevor, built in the -reign of King James II. by Sir Thomas -Bond, who being deeply engaged in the -pernicious schemes of that imprudent -Prince, was obliged to leave the kingdom -with him, when the house was plundered -by the populace, and became forfeited -to the crown. The front of the house -stands to the north, with a spacious garden -before it, from which extends two -rows of large elms, of considerable length, -through which the Tower of London terminates -the prospect. But on each side of -this avenue you have a view of London; -and the masts of vessels appearing at high -water over the trees and houses up to -Greenwich, greatly improve the prospect. -<i>Peckham</i>, which lies on the back side of -the gardens, is shut out from the view -by plantations. The kitchen garden and -the walls were planted with the choicest -fruit trees from France, and an experienced -gardener was sent for from Paris to have -the management of them; so that the collection -<span class='pageno' id='Page_166'>166</span>of fruit trees in this garden has -been accounted one of the best in England.</p> - -<p class='c004'>After the death of the late Lord Trevor, -this seat was purchased by a private -gentleman, who began to make very considerable -improvements, and had he lived -a few years longer, would have rendered -it a very delightful retreat.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There are also at Peckham several -other villas, and neat houses of retirement, -inhabited by the tradesmen of -London, and those who have retired from -business.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peckham Rye</span>, a village in Surry, on the -south side of Peckham.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pedlars</span> <i>street</i>, New Bond street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peel</span> <i>court</i>, Glasshouse yard, Goswell -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peel</span> <i>yard</i>, near Peel court, Glasshouse -yard.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peerless Pool</span>, near Old street road, was -formerly a spring that overflowing its -banks, caused a very dangerous pond, -which from the number of persons who -lost their lives there, obtained the name -of Perilous Pool. To prevent these accidents -it was in a manner filled up, till in -the year 1743, Mr. Kemp converted it -into what may perhaps be esteemed one -of the compleatest swimming baths in the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_167'>167</span>world; and as it is the only one of the -kind in Christendom, it may deserve a -particular notice.</p> - -<p class='c004'>You enter from a bowling-green on -the south side, by a neat arcade thirty-feet -long, furnished with a small collection -of modern books for the entertainment -of those subscribers who delight in -reading. Contiguous are many dressing -apartments; some of which are open, -and others rendered private, all paved with -purbeck stone; and on each side of the -bath is a bower divided into apartments -for dressing. At the other end is placed -a circular bench, capable of accommodating -forty gentlemen at a sitting, under the -shelter of a wall. One side is inclosed by -a mount 150 feet long, planted with a -great variety of shrubs, and on the top is -an agreeable terrace walk planted with -limes. The pleasure bath is 170 feet -long, and above 100 broad; it is five feet -deep at the bottom in the middle, and under -four feet at the sides, and the descent -into it is by four pair of marble steps to a -fine gravel bottom. Here is also a cold -bath, generally allowed to be the largest -in England, it being forty feet long, and -twenty feet broad, with two flights of -marble steps, and a dressing room at each -end; at four feet deep is a bottom of lettice -<span class='pageno' id='Page_168'>168</span>work, under which the water is five -feet deep. To these the ingenious projector -has added a well stocked fish pond -320 feet long, for the diversion of those -subscribers who are fond of angling, and -adorned on each side with arbours, and -with a terrace, the slopes of which are -planted with many thousand shrubs, and the -walks one of gravel, and the other of grass, -are bordered with stately limes. The east -end the garden extends to a genteel public -house, and the westward is terminated by -another garden, and a well-built private -house inhabited by Mr. Kemp, the son -of the ingenious projector, who after -having made these improvements, changed -the name from <i>Perilous</i> to <i>Peerless -Pool</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peght’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Castle lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pelham</span> <i>street</i>, Brick lane, Spitalfields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pelican</span> <i>court</i>, Little Britain.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pelican</span> <i>stairs</i>, Wapping.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pelican</span> <i>yard</i>, Butcher row, East Smithfield.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pemberton’s</span> <i>rents</i>, 1. Hand alley.† 2. New -street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pemberton</span> <i>row</i>, Fetter lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pemell’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, at Mile-end, was -founded by Mr. John Pemell, citizen and -draper, in the year 1698, for four poor -drapers widows, and the same number of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_169'>169</span>seamen’s widows, to be presented by the -Churchwardens of Old Stepney parish. -Each of these almswomen have an allowance -of 1<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> per week, half a chaldron -of coals every year, and a gown every -other year. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pemlico</span>, near Buckingham House, St. -James’s Park.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pennington</span> <i>street</i>, Old Gravel lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pennybarber’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Stony lane.‖</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pennyfield</span> <i>street</i>, Poplar.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Penny Post Office</span>, an office unknown in -other countries, was projected by Mr. -David Murray, an upholder in Pater noster -row in the year 1683, who by this admirable -and useful project, deserves to be -considered as a benefactor to the city, and -to have his name transmitted down to posterity. -He communicated the scheme to -Mr. William Dockwra, who carried it on -for some time with great success, till the -government laid claim to it as a royal prerogative; -Dockwra was obliged to submit, -and in return had a pension of 200<i>l.</i> -<i>per annum</i> allowed him by the King during -life.</p> - -<p class='c004'>It was erected for carrying letters not -only of one sheet but of several, to any -part of this great metropolis, or the adjacent -villages, on paying only one penny -on delivering the letter to be thus carried: -<span class='pageno' id='Page_170'>170</span>but at some of the more distant villages, -an additional penny is demanded of the -person to whom the letter is delivered.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This office is under the direction of the -Postmaster-general; who appoints, as -managers, a Comptroller, an Accomptant, -a Receiver and Comptroller’s clerk; -who have under their management six -sorters, and eight subsorters of letters, -seventy-four messengers, or letter-carriers, -and 334 houses within the bills of -mortality, for receiving or taking in letters, -which are divided among the six offices -following; the general office in St. -Christopher’s Church yard, and the five -offices called the sorting houses, one at -Westminster, one at Lincoln’s Inn, St. -Paul’s office, in Pater noster row, St. Mary -Overy’s in Southwark, and the Tower hill -office: besides these there are 500 -shops and coffee-houses, from whence the -messengers collect and carry the letters to -their proper offices every hour, where being -sorted, they are sent out again to be -delivered. But as each of the six offices -has a number of villages under its peculiar -direction, those letters that require great -speed should be sent to that office, whose -peculiar province it is to forward them to -the village to which you would have them -sent. This renders it necessary to give a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_171'>171</span>list of these villages and places, peculiarly -under the care of each office: but we -shall not attempt to follow the other -writers, who have prefixed to the names -of these villages the number of times to -which letters are carried to, and returned -from each; because that is entirely uncertain, -and it is sufficient that letters are -carried and returned from each at least -once a day; since this is all that can be -depended upon.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the map we have given of the environs -round London, the extent and -limits of the Penny Post are shewn by a -circular coloured line drawn round the -city.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The chief office in St. Christopher’s -alley, Threadneedle street, to which belong, -one sorter, two subsorters, twenty -messengers, and seventy-three receiving -houses. This office collects, receives, -conveys, and delivers letters to and from -the following places, besides what it delivers -in its own proper district in London.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Aldersbrook</div> - <div class='line'>Avery-hatch</div> - <div class='line'>Barking</div> - <div class='line'>Bednal green</div> - <div class='line'>Bishops-hall</div> - <div class='line'>Bow</div> - <div class='line'>Bromley in Middlesex</div> - <div class='line'>Bush-hall</div> - <div class='line'>Cambridge heath</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_172'>172</span>Chigwel</div> - <div class='line'>Chigwel row</div> - <div class='line'>Dalston</div> - <div class='line'>Edmonton</div> - <div class='line'>Green-man</div> - <div class='line'>Green-street</div> - <div class='line'>Hackney</div> - <div class='line'>Hagerstone</div> - <div class='line'>Ham East and West</div> - <div class='line'>Hoxton</div> - <div class='line'>Jenkins</div> - <div class='line'>Ilford</div> - <div class='line'>Kingsland</div> - <div class='line'>Layton-stone</div> - <div class='line'>Loughton-hall</div> - <div class='line'>Low-layton</div> - <div class='line'>Locksford</div> - <div class='line'>Mile-end</div> - <div class='line'>Newington green</div> - <div class='line'>Newington stoke</div> - <div class='line'>Oldford</div> - <div class='line'>Palmer’s green</div> - <div class='line'>Plaistow in Essex</div> - <div class='line'>Rippleside</div> - <div class='line'>Ruckfolds</div> - <div class='line'>Southgate</div> - <div class='line'>Stepney</div> - <div class='line'>Stratford</div> - <div class='line'>Tottenham</div> - <div class='line'>Tottenham High cross</div> - <div class='line'>Valentines</div> - <div class='line'>Upton</div> - <div class='line'>Walthamstow</div> - <div class='line'>Wansted</div> - <div class='line'>Winchmore hill</div> - <div class='line'>Woodford</div> - <div class='line'>Woodford row, and bridge</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>St. Paul’s office is kept in Queen’s head -alley, in Pater noster row, which collects, -receives, conveys and delivers letters to -and from the following and adjacent places, -besides what it delivers within its proper -district in London.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Black-mary’s hole</div> - <div class='line'>Boarded river</div> - <div class='line'>Cambray house</div> - <div class='line'>Cold bath</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_173'>173</span>Copenhagen</div> - <div class='line'>Frog lane</div> - <div class='line'>Holloway, Upper and Lower</div> - <div class='line'>Islington</div> - <div class='line'>Mountmill</div> - <div class='line'>Sir John Oldcastle’s</div> - <div class='line'>Torrington lane</div> - <div class='line'>Wood’s close</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>The Temple office is kept in Chichester’s -rents in Chancery lane, which collects, -receives, conveys and delivers letters -and parcels to and from the following -and adjacent places, besides what it -delivers within its own proper district in -town.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Battle bridge</div> - <div class='line'>Bone gate</div> - <div class='line'>Brill</div> - <div class='line'>Cole harbour</div> - <div class='line'>Coney hatch</div> - <div class='line'>East Barnet</div> - <div class='line'>Finchley</div> - <div class='line'>Frog lane</div> - <div class='line'>Hampstead</div> - <div class='line'>Highgate</div> - <div class='line'>Hornsey</div> - <div class='line'>Kentish town</div> - <div class='line'>Mussel hill</div> - <div class='line'>Pancras</div> - <div class='line'>Pinder of Wakefield</div> - <div class='line'>South green</div> - <div class='line'>Totteridge</div> - <div class='line'>Whetstone</div> - <div class='line'>Wood green</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>Westminster office is kept in Pump -court near Charing cross, which collects, -receives, conveys and delivers letters and -parcels to and from the following and -adjacent places, besides what it delivers -within its own proper district in town.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_174'>174</span>Abery farm</div> - <div class='line'>Acton, East and West</div> - <div class='line'>Acton wells</div> - <div class='line'>Barry’s walk</div> - <div class='line'>Base watering</div> - <div class='line'>Black lands</div> - <div class='line'>Bloody bridge</div> - <div class='line'>Bluncoat lane</div> - <div class='line'>Bollow lane</div> - <div class='line'>Boston house</div> - <div class='line'>Brentford Old & New</div> - <div class='line'>Brentford end</div> - <div class='line'>Brent’s cow house</div> - <div class='line'>Bride lane house</div> - <div class='line'>Brook green</div> - <div class='line'>Broom houses</div> - <div class='line'>Brompton park</div> - <div class='line'>Burrows</div> - <div class='line'>Castle-bear</div> - <div class='line'>Chelsea, Great and Little</div> - <div class='line'>Chelsea college</div> - <div class='line'>—— common</div> - <div class='line'>—— fields</div> - <div class='line'>Child’s hill</div> - <div class='line'>Chiswick</div> - <div class='line'>Corney house</div> - <div class='line'>Counters bridge</div> - <div class='line'>Cow house farm</div> - <div class='line'>Crab tree house</div> - <div class='line'>Dowel street</div> - <div class='line'>Daws lane</div> - <div class='line'>Dollars hill</div> - <div class='line'>Ealing, Great & Little</div> - <div class='line'>Ealing lane</div> - <div class='line'>Earl’s court</div> - <div class='line'>Foordhook</div> - <div class='line'>Frog lane</div> - <div class='line'>Fryars place</div> - <div class='line'>Fulham</div> - <div class='line'>Fulham fields</div> - <div class='line'>Gaggle goose green</div> - <div class='line'>Great and Little Holland house</div> - <div class='line'>Gibb’s green</div> - <div class='line'>Grain house</div> - <div class='line'>Green man, in Uxbridge road</div> - <div class='line'>Gunnersbury</div> - <div class='line'>Gutters hedge</div> - <div class='line'>Hammersmith</div> - <div class='line'>Hanger end</div> - <div class='line'>Hanger lane</div> - <div class='line'>Haven</div> - <div class='line'>Hendon</div> - <div class='line'>Hide</div> - <div class='line'>Hog lane</div> - <div class='line'>Holsdon green</div> - <div class='line'>Hoywood hill</div> - <div class='line'>Hudicon fields</div> - <div class='line'>Kensington</div> - <div class='line'>Kensington gravel pits</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_175'>175</span>Kilborn</div> - <div class='line'>Knightsbridge</div> - <div class='line'>Laurence street</div> - <div class='line'>Leasing green</div> - <div class='line'>Lime kilns</div> - <div class='line'>London stile</div> - <div class='line'>Lord Mayor’s Banqueting house</div> - <div class='line'>Maddox lane</div> - <div class='line'>Mary bone, and Park</div> - <div class='line'>Masha Mapes, and Masha Brands</div> - <div class='line'>Mill hill</div> - <div class='line'>Neathouses</div> - <div class='line'>Neesdon</div> - <div class='line'>Noman’s lands</div> - <div class='line'>North end</div> - <div class='line'>North highway</div> - <div class='line'>Notting hills</div> - <div class='line'>Paddington</div> - <div class='line'>Paddington green</div> - <div class='line'>Paddingwick green</div> - <div class='line'>Page’s street</div> - <div class='line'>Parson’s green</div> - <div class='line'>Pimlico</div> - <div class='line'>Purser’s cross</div> - <div class='line'>Sandy end</div> - <div class='line'>Shepherd’s bush</div> - <div class='line'>Shevrick green</div> - <div class='line'>Shoot-up hill</div> - <div class='line'>Sion hill</div> - <div class='line'>Sion house</div> - <div class='line'>Sion lane</div> - <div class='line'>St. John’s wood</div> - <div class='line'>Stanford brook</div> - <div class='line'>Starch green</div> - <div class='line'>Strand on the green</div> - <div class='line'>Sutton court, and Little Sutton</div> - <div class='line'>Tottenham court</div> - <div class='line'>Turnham green</div> - <div class='line'>Tyburn road, and house</div> - <div class='line'>Waltham green</div> - <div class='line'>Wemley</div> - <div class='line'>Wemley green</div> - <div class='line'>Westburn green</div> - <div class='line'>Westfield</div> - <div class='line'>West end</div> - <div class='line'>Wilsdon green</div> - <div class='line'>Windmill lane</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>Southwark office is kept in Green dragon -court, near St. Mary Overy’s church, -which collects, receives, conveys and delivers -letters and parcels to and from the following -<span class='pageno' id='Page_176'>176</span>and adjacent places, besides what it -delivers within its own proper district in -Southwark and London.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Balam</div> - <div class='line'>Barn-elms</div> - <div class='line'>Barnstown</div> - <div class='line'>Battersea</div> - <div class='line'>Battersea reys</div> - <div class='line'>Blackheath</div> - <div class='line'>Bristow causeway</div> - <div class='line'>Brockly, Upper and Lower</div> - <div class='line'>Burntash</div> - <div class='line'>Camberwell</div> - <div class='line'>Charlton</div> - <div class='line'>Clapham, and Common</div> - <div class='line'>Coleharbour</div> - <div class='line'>Deptford, Upper and Lower</div> - <div class='line'>Dulwich, and common</div> - <div class='line'>East and West Sheen</div> - <div class='line'>Eltham</div> - <div class='line'>Gammon hill</div> - <div class='line'>Garret’s green</div> - <div class='line'>Greenwich</div> - <div class='line'>Grove street</div> - <div class='line'>Ireland green</div> - <div class='line'>Kennington</div> - <div class='line'>Kew</div> - <div class='line'>Kew green</div> - <div class='line'>Knights hill</div> - <div class='line'>Lambeth</div> - <div class='line'>Lambeth marsh</div> - <div class='line'>Lee</div> - <div class='line'>Lewisham</div> - <div class='line'>Limekilns</div> - <div class='line'>Longbarn</div> - <div class='line'>Longhedge</div> - <div class='line'>Loughberry house</div> - <div class='line'>Martin abbey and mills</div> - <div class='line'>March gate</div> - <div class='line'>Mitcham</div> - <div class='line'>Mortlack</div> - <div class='line'>Morder</div> - <div class='line'>Mottingham</div> - <div class='line'>New cross</div> - <div class='line'>Newington butts</div> - <div class='line'>Nine elms</div> - <div class='line'>Norwood</div> - <div class='line'>Peckham town, and Rye</div> - <div class='line'>Pigs march</div> - <div class='line'>Plumstead</div> - <div class='line'>Putney green</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_177'>177</span>Putney heath</div> - <div class='line'>Red-house</div> - <div class='line'>Rickle-marsh</div> - <div class='line'>Roehampton</div> - <div class='line'>Rotherhithe</div> - <div class='line'>Sidnam</div> - <div class='line'>South Lambeth</div> - <div class='line'>Stockwell</div> - <div class='line'>Stretham</div> - <div class='line'>Tooting, Upper and Lower</div> - <div class='line'>Vauxhall</div> - <div class='line'>Walworth</div> - <div class='line'>Wandsworth, and Common</div> - <div class='line'>Wimbleton</div> - <div class='line'>Woolwich</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>Hermitage office is kept in Queen -street on Little Tower hill, which collects, -receives, conveys and delivers letters -and parcels to and from the following -and adjacent places, besides what it -delivers within its own proper district in -town.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Blackwall</div> - <div class='line'>Isle of Dogs</div> - <div class='line'>King David’s fort</div> - <div class='line'>Lime hole</div> - <div class='line'>Limehouse</div> - <div class='line'>Poplar</div> - <div class='line'>Ratcliff</div> - <div class='line'>Stepney causeway</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>Several of the country messengers, and others -for remote places, going on their walks -by six o’clock in the morning, letters and -parcels ought to be put in at the receiving -houses before six o’clock over-night; -otherwise a whole day may be lost in the -delivery: but letters for places that are -<span class='pageno' id='Page_178'>178</span>nearer, are generally collected and delivered -two or three times a day.</p> - -<p class='c004'>All general post letters, both foreign -and domestic, directed to the places -above mentioned, not being post towns, -are conveyed from the aforesaid offices -every day at twelve o’clock; and answers -being put into the receiving houses in the -country towns, will next night be safely -carried to the General Post office, by the -officers appointed for that purpose.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pensioners</span> <i>alley</i>, King street, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pepper</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. by the Bridge Foot, in the -Borough. 2. Down’s street, Hyde Park -road. 3. Goswell street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pepper</span> <i>alley stairs</i>, the next stairs above the -bridge, in Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pepper</span> <i>street</i>, Duke street, in the Mint.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Perkin’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Peter street, Soho.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Perkin’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Blackman street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Perriwinkle</span> <i>street</i>, Ratcliff cross.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Perston’s</span> <i>yard</i>, in the Minories.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pesthouse</span> <i>fields</i>, by Pesthouse row, Old -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pesthouse</span> <i>row</i>, adjoining to the French -hospital in Old street. Here stood, till -the year 1737, the city Pesthouse, which -consisted of several tenements, and was -erected as a Lazaretto for the reception -<span class='pageno' id='Page_179'>179</span>of distressed and miserable objects, -infected by the dreadful plague in the -year 1665. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peter and Keys</span> <i>court</i>, Peter lane, Cow -cross, Smithfield.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peterborough</span> <i>court</i>, Fleet street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter ad Vincula</span>, situated to the -north west corner of Northumberland -walk, at the end of the new armoury, in -the Tower; was founded by King Edward -III. and dedicated by the name of -<i>St. Peter in Chains</i>, or St. Peter ad Vincula. -This is a plain Gothic building -void of all ornament, sixty-six feet in -length, fifty-four in breadth, and twenty-four -feet high from the floor to the roof. -The walls, which have Gothic windows, -are strengthened at the corners with rustic, -and crowned with a plain blocking -course. The tower is plain, and is crowned -with a turret.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The living is a rectory in the gift of the -King, valued at about 60<i>l.</i> a year. The -Rector, as Minister of the Tower garrison, -is paid by his Majesty; and the living -is exempt from archiepiscopal jurisdiction.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Among the several monuments in this -church is a grave stone, under which -lies buried Mr. James Whittaker, his wife -<span class='pageno' id='Page_180'>180</span>and children; and upon that stone are the -following lines.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c014'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>See how the just, the virtuous, and the strong,</div> - <div class='line'>The beautiful, the innocent, the young,</div> - <div class='line'>Here in promiscuous dust, together lie.</div> - <div class='line'>Reflect on this, depart, and learn to die.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c010'>In this church lie the ashes of many -noble, and some royal personages, executed -either in the Tower, or on the hill, -and deposited here in obscurity; particularly,</p> - -<p class='c004'>George Bullen, Lord Rochford, who -was beheaded on Tower hill on the 17th -of May, 1536.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Anne Bullen, wife to King Henry VIII. -beheaded two days after, on a scaffold -erected on the green, within the Tower.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, -who from a blacksmith’s son at Putney, -became the favourite of Henry VIII. and -one of the most zealous promoters of the -reformation from popery; but was beheaded -on Tower hill in the year 1540.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Catharine Howard, the fifth wife of -King Henry VIII. beheaded on Tower -hill on the 13th of February, 1541.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, -beheaded on Tower hill, on the 24th of -June, 1552.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_181'>181</span>John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, -who lost his head at the same place, -on the 22d of Aug. 1553.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Under the communion table, lies the -body of James Duke of Monmouth, the -natural son of King Charles II. beheaded -for asserting his right to the crown, in opposition -to James II. on the 15th of July, -1683.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>alley</i>, by St. Peter’s church, -Cornhill.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>Cheap</i>, a church, which stood -at the corner of Wood street Cheapside, -in Faringdon ward within, but being destroyed -by the fire of London in 1666, the -parish was united to St. Matthew, Friday -street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>Cornhill</i>, a plain neat church, -near the south east corner of Cornhill, in -the ward of that name. There has been -many ages a church in the same place, -under the patronage of the same apostle: -but the last edifice was destroyed by the -fire of London, and this substantial structure -rose in its place. The body is eighty -feet long, and forty-seven broad; it is -forty feet high to the roof, and the height -of the steeple is an hundred and forty feet. -The body is plain, and enlightened by a -single series of windows. The tower, -which is also plain, has a small window -<span class='pageno' id='Page_182'>182</span>in each stage, and the dome which supports -the spire is of the lantern kind; this -spire, which is well proportioned, is -crowned by a ball, whence rises the -fane, in the form of a key.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The patronage of this rectory is in the -Lord Mayor and Commonalty of this city. -The Rector receives, besides other profits, -120<i>l.</i> a year by glebe, and 110<i>l.</i> a year in -lieu of tithes.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter le Poor</span>, on the west side of -Broad street, in the ward of that name, is -supposed by Maitland, to have received -its additional epithet <i>le Poor</i>, from the -mean condition of the parish in ancient -times: tho’ it is now extremely wealthy, -it being inhabited by a great number of -merchants, and other persons of distinction.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Others imagine that it was called le -Poor, from the neighbouring friary of St. -Austin, where reigned an affected poverty. -A church stood upon the same spot -before the year 1181, and the present -edifice which escaped the fire in 1666, -is supposed to have been built about the -year 1540.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This Gothic structure, instead of being -an ornament to the street in which it is -placed, as all public buildings ought to -be, is a very great deformity; the building -<span class='pageno' id='Page_183'>183</span>itself is mean, one of its corners being -thrust as it were into the street, renders -it narrow, obstructs the passage, and -destroys the vista. This structure is of -very considerable breadth in proportion to -its length; it being fifty-four feet long, -and fifty-one broad: the height to the -roof is twenty-three feet, and that of -the tower and turret seventy-five. The -body is plain and unornamented; the -windows are very large; and the dial is -fixed to a beam that is joined on one end -to a kind of turret, and extends like a -country sign post, across the street; a -very rude and aukward contrivance. The -tower, which rises square, without diminution, -is strengthened at the corners -with rustic; upon this is placed a turret, -which consists of strong piers at the corners -arched over, and covered with an -open dome, whence rises a ball and -fane.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The advowson of this church appears -to have been all along in the Dean and -Chapter of St. Paul’s. The tithes at present -amount to 130<i>l.</i> a year; and the -other profits by annual donations settled -upon the Rector, amount to about as much -more.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Ironmonger row. 2. St. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_184'>184</span>Martin’s lane, Charing cross. 3. Peter lane. -4. Rosemary lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>hill</i>, 1. Knightrider street. 2. Saffron -hill.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>hill</i>, Thames street, so called -from the following church.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peter’s Key</span> <i>alley</i>, Cow cross, Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>lane</i>, St. John street, Smithfield.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>Paul’s wharf</i>, stood at the south -east corner of St. Peter’s hill, in Thames -street, in Queenhithe ward, and was anciently -denominated St. <i>Peter’s Parva</i>, or -<i>the Little</i>, from its small dimensions. This -church being destroyed with most of the -others, by the fire of London, and not rebuilt, -its parish is annexed to the church -of St. Bennet Paul’s wharf.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Bandy leg walk, Deadman’s -place. 2. Bloomsbury. 3. Halfmoon -alley, Bishopsgate street. 4. In the -Mint. 5. Stratton’s ground, Westminster. -6. Turnmill street, Cow cross. 7. Vere -street, Claremarket. 8. Soho. 9. Westminster.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>Westminster</i>. See the article -<span class='sc'>Abbey</span> <i>Church of Westminster</i>.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Peter’s</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Deadman’s place, -Southwark. 2. In the Minories.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petersham</span>, a small village in Surry, near the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_185'>185</span>New Park, and a little to the south of -Richmond hill. Here stood a delightful -seat built by the late Earl of Rochester, -Lord High Treasurer in the reign of King -James II. This fine house was burnt -down in the year 1720, so suddenly that -the family, who were all at home, had -scarcely time to save their lives. Nor was -the house, tho’ exquisitely finished both -within and without, the greatest loss sustained; -the noble furniture, the curious -collection of paintings, and the inestimable -library of the first Earl of Clarendon, -Lord High Chancellor of England, and -author of the History of the Rebellion, -were wholly consumed; and among other -valuable pieces, several manuscripts relating -to those times, and to the transactions -in which the King his Master, and -himself were engaged both at home and -abroad; besides other curious collections -made by that noble Author in foreign -countries.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the ground where his house stood, -the Earl of Harrington erected another, -after one of the Earl of Burlington’s designs. -The front next the court is very -plain, and the entrance to the house not -very extraordinary: but the south front -next the garden, is bold and regular, and -the apartments on that side, chiefly -<span class='pageno' id='Page_186'>186</span>designed for state, are extremely elegant.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The gardens were before crowded -with plantations near the house; but they -are now laid open in lawns of grass: the -kitchen garden, before situated on the -east side of the house, is removed out of -sight, and the ground converted to an -open slope of grass, leading up to a terrace -of great length; from which is a -prospect of the river Thames, the town -of Twickenham, and of all the fine seats -round that part of the country. On the -other side of the terrace, is a plantation -on a rising ground; and on the summit -of the hill is a fine pleasure house, which -on every side commands a prospect of the -country for many miles.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petticoat</span> <i>lane</i>, extends from Whitechapel -into Spitalfields. On both sides -of this lane were anciently hedges, and -rows of elm trees, and the pleasantness of -the neighbouring fields induced several -gentlemen to build their houses here, among -whom was the Spanish ambassador, whom -Strype supposes to be Gondomar: but -at length many French refugees settling -in that part of the lane near Spitalfields -in order to follow their trades, which in -general was weaving of silk, it soon became -a row of contiguous buildings. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_187'>187</span>This lane is very long and very disagreeable, -both on account of its nastiness and -offensive smells, it being the chief residence -of the horners, who prepare -horns for other petty manufacturers.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petticoat</span> <i>square</i>, Petticoat lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petty Bag Office</span>, next the Rolls chapel, -Chancery lane. The clerks in this office, -who are three in number, are under the -Master of the Rolls, and make all patents -for customers, comptrollers, and -<i>congé d’elires</i>: they also summon the Nobility, -Clergy, Knights, Citizens, and -Burgesses to parliament, &c. This office -takes its name from each record -being there put into a little bag.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petty Canons</span> <i>of St. Paul’s</i>. See the article -Canons.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petty Canons</span> <i>alley</i>, St. Paul’s Church -yard.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petty France</span>, Tothill street, Westminster; -thus named from its being at -first inhabited by the people of that -nation.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petty France</span> <i>alley</i>, Old Bethlem; so called -from Petty France there, now called -New Broad street, which was originally -inhabited chiefly by the French.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petty Wales</span> <i>yard</i>, Halfmoon alley.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Petty’s</span> <i>court</i>, Hanoway street, Tottenham -court road.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_188'>188</span><span class='sc'>Pewterers</span>, a company incorporated by -letters patent, granted by King Edward -IV. in 1474.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the year 1534, the Wardens of the -Pewterers company, or their deputies, -were impowered by act of parliament to -have the inspection of pewter in all parts -of the kingdom, in order to prevent the -sale of the base pewter, and the importation -of pewter vessels from abroad. As a -farther encouragement, all Englishmen are -by that act strictly enjoined, not to repair -to any foreign country to teach the art or -mystery of pewterers, on pain of disfranchisement: -and for the more effectually -preventing the art being carried abroad, -no Pewterer is to take the son of an alien as -an apprentice.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This corporation has a Master, two -Wardens, twenty-eight Assistants, and -seventy-eight Liverymen, who on their -admission pay 20<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Their hall is in Lime street, almost -facing the west end of Cullum street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pewter Platter</span> <i>alley</i>, Grace church -street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pheasant</span> <i>court</i>, Cow lane, Snow hill.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pheasant Cock</span> <i>court</i>, Angel alley, Houndsditch.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Phenix</span> <i>alley</i>, Long Acre.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Phenix</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Butcher row.* 2. High -<span class='pageno' id='Page_189'>189</span>Holborn.* 3. Newgate street.* 4. Old -Change, Cheapside.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Phenix</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Dyot street, St. Giles’s.* -2. Hog lane, St. Giles’s.* 3. Monmouth -street, Spitalfields.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Phenix</span> <i>yard</i>, Oxford street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Philip</span> <i>lane</i>, London wall.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Philip’s</span> <i>court</i>, Grub street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Philip’s</span> <i>rents</i>, 1. Lincoln’s Inn Fields.† 2. -Maze pond street, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Philip’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Still alley, Houndsditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Philpot</span> <i>lane</i>, Fenchurch street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Phips’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Shoreditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Physicians.</span> There was no legal restraint -on the practice of physic, till the third -year of King Henry VIII. when it was -enacted that none should practise physic -or surgery within the city of London, of -seven miles round, unless he were first -examined, and approved by the Bishop -of London, or the Dean of St. Paul’s, -(who should call to his assistance four -Doctors of physic, and for surgery, other -expert persons in that faculty) upon pain -of forfeiting 5<i>l.</i> for every month such persons -should practise physic or surgery, -without being thus admitted.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Seven years after this law, the Physicians -were incorporated into a college or -society; allowed a common seal, and the -power of annually chusing a President, to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_190'>190</span>govern all of that faculty: they were permitted -to purchase lands and tenements, and to -make statutes and ordinances for the government -and correction of the college, -and of all persons practising physic within -seven miles of the city: it was also enacted -that none, either within the city, or that -compass, should practise, unless first allowed -by the President and the Fellows, upon -pain of forfeiting 5<i>l.</i> for every month: that -four persons be chosen annually for the examination -and government of all the Physicians -of the city, and suburbs within seven -miles round, and to punish them for their -offences in not performing, making, and -neglecting their medicines and receipts, by -fines and imprisonments: and that neither -the President, nor any of the members -of the college, should be summoned upon -juries, &c.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At their first institution there were but -thirty Fellows belonging to the college; -but at their request, King Charles II. -augmented their number to forty; and -King James II. considering the great increase of -this city in its buildings and inhabitants, -was pleased to increase the number -to eighty, which they were not to exceed. -Before this last charter, none could be admitted -a Fellow of the college, if he had -not taken his degree of Doctor in one of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_191'>191</span>the universities; but now all who have -taken their degree in any foreign university, -are qualified to become Fellows.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The college has still great power in -obstructing the practise of those who are -not of their body; yet by connivance or -favour, others practise physic; tho’ by -law, if any one not so qualified, undertakes -a cure, and his patient dies under -his hand, he is deemed guilty of -felony.</p> - -<p class='c004'>To this college belong a President, four -Censors, and twelve Electors. The President -is the principal member, and is annually -chosen out of the society.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The four Censors have, by charter, -authority to survey, correct and govern -all Physicians, or others, that shall practise -within their jurisdiction, and to fine -and imprison for offences as they shall see -cause. They may convene any Physician -or practitioner before them, and examine -him concerning his skill in physic, and -if he does not appear to their summons, -or upon his appearance refuses to -answer, he may be fined for every default, -any sum not exceeding forty shillings; -or if any administer unwholsome -and noxious medicines, he may be fined -according to discretion, net exceeding 10<i>l.</i> -or imprisoned, not exceeding fourteen -<span class='pageno' id='Page_192'>192</span>days, unless for nonpayment of the fine, -when it shall be lawful to detain him in -prison until it be paid.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>College of</i> <span class='sc'>Physicians</span>. This society had -their first college in Knightrider street, -which was the gift of Dr. Linacre, Physician -to King Henry VIII. from whence -they afterwards removed to Amen Corner, -where they had purchased an house. -Here the great Dr. Harvey, who immortalized -his name by discovering the circulation -of the blood, built them a library -and public hall in the year 1652, which -he granted for ever to the college, with -his library, and endowed it with his -estate, which he resigned to them while -living, assigning a part of it for an anniversary -oration, in commemoration of their -benefactors, and to promote a spirit of -emulation in succeeding generations. -However, this edifice being consumed by -the fire of London, and the ground being -only upon lease, the Fellows erected the -present structure.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i209.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>College of Physicians.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>J. Taylor sc.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c005'>The College of Physicians is a very -noble edifice, situated near the north west -corner of Warwick lane. It is built with -brick and stone.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The entrance, which is grand, is -under an octangular theatre, finishing -in a dome, with a cone on the top, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_193'>193</span>making a lantern to it. The inside is -elegant, finely enlightened and very capacious. -This was built by Sir Christopher -Wren. The arches represented in the -print are under the theatre thro’ which -you enter the area. The central building, -which is well worthy of observation, is the -design of Inigo Jones, and contains the -library and other rooms of state and convenience. -The ascent to the door is by -a flight of steps, and in the under part is -a basement story. The whole front is decorated -with pilasters of the Ionic and -Corinthian orders; and on one side over -the door case, is the statue of King -Charles II. placed in a niche, and in the -other side that of Sir John Cutler. The -buildings at the two sides of the court are -uniform, and have the window cases -handsomely ornamented. The orders -are well executed, and the whole edifice -both beautiful and commodious.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The College of Physicians is a building -of great delicacy, and eminently deserves -to be considered among the noblest -ornaments of this city, is yet so unlucky -in its situation, in a narrow and dirty part -of the lane, that it can never be seen to -advantage.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There is here a hall, in which the -Physicians sit to give advice to the poor -<span class='pageno' id='Page_194'>194</span>gratis; a committee room; a library, -furnished with books by Sir Theodore -Mayerne and the Marquis of Dorchester, -who was one of the Fellows; a great hall -for the quarterly meetings of the Doctors, -adorned with pictures and sculpture; a -theatre for anatomical dissection; a preparing -room, where there are thirteen -tables, containing all the muscles in the -human body; and over all garrets to dry -the herbs for the use of the dispensatory.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Piccadilly</span>, Haymarket. There were -formerly no houses in this street, and only -one shop for Spanish ruffs, which was -called the Piccadilly or Ruff shop. At -present there are several noble houses in -it. See <span class='sc'>Devonshire House</span>, <span class='sc'>Burlington -House</span>. The last house built in -Piccadilly is the Earl of Egremont’s. It -is of stone, and tho’ not much adorned, is -elegant and well situated for a town house, -having a fine view over the Green Park, -which would be still more extended if the -houses on each side were set farther back.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pickax</span> <i>street</i>, Aldersgate street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pickering’s</span> <i>court</i>, St. James’s street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pickleherring</span> <i>stairs</i>, Pickleherring street, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pickleherring</span> <i>street</i>, near Horselydown, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Picture</span> <i>yard</i>, Back lane, near Rag Fair.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_195'>195</span><span class='sc'>Pie-corner</span>, Giltspur street, Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Piepowder</span> <i>court</i>, a court of record incident -to a fair, as a court baron is to a -manor; it is derived from the French <i>pié -poudre</i>, and is said to be so called from its -expeditious proceedings in the decision -of all controversies that happen in fairs; -since for the encouragement of all traders, -justice is supposed to be as quickly administered -as <i>dust</i> can fall from the feet. -<i>Coke’s Institutes.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>During the time of Bartholomew fair, -this court is held in Cloth fair by the city -of London and Mr. Edwards, for hearing -and determining all differences committed -against the tenor of the proclamation made -by the Lord Mayor, on the eve of old St. -Bartholomew, for the better regulation of -that fair.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pierpoint’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Islington.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pierpoint’s</span> <i>row</i>, Islington.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pig</span> <i>court</i>, St. Catharine’s lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pig</span> <i>street</i>, extends from Threadneedle -street to Broad street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pillory</span> <i>lane</i>, 1. Butcher row. 2. Fenchurch -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pin</span> <i>alley</i>, near Rosemary lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pinder’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Shoreditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pinder’s</span> <i>court</i>, Gray’s Inn lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pineapple</span> <i>court</i>, Woolpack alley, Houndsditch.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_196'>196</span><span class='sc'>Pinners</span>, or <span class='sc'>Pinmakers</span>, a company incorporated -by letters patent granted by -King Charles I. in the year 1636.</p> - -<p class='c004'>They consist of a Master, two Wardens, -and eighteen Assistants; but have -no livery.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Their hall is situated near the southeast -corner of Great Winchester street, Broad -street: and is most noted for being let out -for a meeting of Independents, who meet -there every Sunday morning. This is the -only Independent meeting in London, -where the audience are not Calvinists. In -the afternoon it is a meeting for a congregation -of general Baptists.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pinner’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Shoreditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pinners</span> <i>court</i>, Broad street, leading to -Pinners hall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pipe</span> <i>alley</i>, Broad way, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pipemakers</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Great St. Anne’s lane. -2. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pipe Office</span>, in Gray’s Inn lane, an office -of the Treasury, in which all accounts -and debts due to the King are drawn out -of the Remembrancer’s office, and -charged in a great roll made up like a -pipe.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The chief officers are, the Clerk of the -Pipe, and the Comptroller of the Pipe. -The former makes leases of the King’s -lands, on his being warranted so to do by -the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_197'>197</span>or the Chancellor of the Exchequer: -and these leases are sometimes directed -to be made under the Great Seal, but -for the most part pass the Exchequer: he -has under him a Deputy, and eight Attornies, -the two first of whom are Secondaries.</p> - -<p class='c004'>All accounts that pass the Remembrancer’s -office, are brought to the office of -the Clerk of the Pipe, and remain there, -to the end if there be any determined debt -due by any accomptant or other person, -in any such account, it may be inserted in -the great roll or the pipes thereof, and -taken verbatim by the Comptroller of the -Pipe into his roll, and process may be -made by him for the recovery thereof -by a writ called the <i>Summons of the Pipe</i>, -which is in the nature of a <i>levari facias</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>All tallies that vouch the payments -contained in such accounts, are examined -and allowed by the Chief Secondary in the -Pipe, and remain for ever after in this -office.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Comptroller of the Pipe writes in -his roll all that is in the great roll; and -nothing entered in the great roll can be -discharged without his privity. He also -writes out the summons twice every -year to the sheriffs, to levy the debts -charged in the great roll of the pipe. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_198'>198</span><i>Chamberlain’s Present State</i>. He has -under him a Deputy Comptroller, and a -Clerk.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pipe</span> <i>yard</i>, Bristol street, Puddle dock.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Piper’s</span> <i>ground</i>, College street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pissing</span> <i>alley</i>, St. John’s street, Smithfield.‖</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pitcher’s</span> <i>court</i>, White’s alley, Coleman -street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pitfield</span> <i>street</i>, Hoxton.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pitman’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Gardener’s lane, Westminster.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plaisterers</span>, a company incorporated by -letters patent, granted by King Henry -VIII. in the year 1501, and confirmed -by a charter granted by Charles II. in -1667, by the name of <i>The Master, and -Wardens of the guild or fraternity of the -blessed Mary, of Plaisterers, London</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This company is governed by a Master, -two Wardens, and thirty-two Assistants, -and has seventy-seven Liverymen, -who upon their admission pay a fine of -8<i>l.</i> They have a neat hall on the north -west side of Addle street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plaistow</span>, a village in Essex, in the parish -of West Ham.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plaistow</span>, a village near Bromley in -Kent.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plantation Office</span> in the treasury. See -<span class='pageno' id='Page_199'>199</span>the article <span class='sc'>Trade</span> and <span class='sc'>Plantation -Office</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Playhouse</span> <i>passage</i>, 1. Bow street; leading -to Covent Garden playhouse. 2. -Drury lane, leading to the playhouse -there.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Playhouse</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Black Friars, where -a playhouse was formerly situated. 2. -Whitecross street, Old street, where, according -to Maitland, the first playhouse -in London was erected; on the east side -of that yard are still to be seen the ruins -of the theatre.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Clerk of the</i> <span class='sc'>Pleas Office</span>, in Lincoln’s -Inn. In this office all the officers of the -Exchequer, and other privileged persons, -as debtors to the King, &c. are to have their -privilege to plead, and be impleaded as to all -matters at the common law: and the proceedings -are accordingly by declarations, -pleas, and trials as at the common law; -because they should not be drawn out of -their own court, where their attendance -is required. In this office are four sworn -Attornies. <i>Chamberlain’s Present State.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Common</i> <span class='sc'>Pleas</span>. See <i>Court of</i> <span class='sc'>Common -Pleas</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plough</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Bankside, Southwark.* 2. -Barbican.* 3. Carey street, Lincoln’s -Inn Fields.* 4. Wapping.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_200'>200</span><span class='sc'>Plough</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Fetter lane. 2. Gray’s -Inn lane.* 3. Lombard street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plough and Harrow</span> <i>walk</i>, Nag’s Head -Buildings, Hackney road.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ploughman’s</span> <i>rents</i>, 1. Cow cross, near -Smithfield.† 2. Turnmill street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plough</span> <i>street</i>, Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plough</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* -2. Brown’s gardens, St. Giles’s.* 3. Holborn -hill.* 4. Harrow yard, Green bank.* -5. Seething lane, Tower street.* 6. Tower -ditch.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plough yard</span> <i>School</i>, in Plough yard, -Seething lane, was founded by James -Hickson, Esq; about the year 1689, for -the education of twenty boys; for the instruction -of whom he allowed the head -Master 20<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, a dwelling house, -and two chaldrons of coals yearly; and to -a Writing Master 8<i>l.</i> a year. Fourteen of -the children are to be of the parish of -Allhallows, Barking, and six of the hamlet -of Wapping. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plumbers</span>, a company incorporated by -letters patent granted by King James I. in -the year 1611. This corporation is governed -by a Master, two Wardens, and -twenty-four Assistants; with a livery of -fifty-seven members, who upon their -admission pay a fine of 10<i>l.</i> They have a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_201'>201</span>small hall in Chequer yard, Dowgate hill. -<i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plumber’s</span> <i>court</i>, High Holborn.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plumtree</span> <i>court</i>, Plumtree street, Shoe -lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plumtree</span> <i>square</i>, Plumtree street, St. -Giles’s.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Plumtree</span> <i>street</i>, 1. St. Giles’s. 2. Shoe -lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poland</span> <i>court</i>, Poland street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poland</span> <i>street</i>, Oxford street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poland</span> <i>yard</i>, Oxford street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pollin’s</span> <i>street</i>, Hanover street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>The</i> <span class='sc'>Pond</span> <i>yard</i>, Bankside, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poor Jewry</span> <i>lane</i>, Aldgate; so called from -its being inhabited by the Jews, on their -return to England, after being expelled -the kingdom by Edward I. See <span class='sc'>Old -Jewry</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pope’s Head</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Broad street.* 2. A -neat passage from Cornhill into Lombard -street, next to ‘Change alley.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pope’s Head</span> <i>court</i>, in the Minories.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Popish Chapels</span>, of these there are but few -in the city of London; for as Popery is esteemed -inconsistent with the liberties of a -free people, they are therefore in a manner -confined to the ambassadors, who -keep them open for those of their own religion. -These are,</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_202'>202</span>1. In Butler’s alley meeting house, Grub street.</div> - <div class='line'>2. Imperial ambassador’s, Hanover square.</div> - <div class='line'>3. Portuguese ambassador’s chapel.</div> - <div class='line'>4. Sardinian ambassador’s chapel, by Lincoln’s Inn Fields.</div> - <div class='line'>5. Venetian ambassador’s chapel, Suffolk street.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poplar</span>, a hamlet of Stepney, is situated -on the Thames to the east of Limehouse, -and obtained its name from the great -number of poplar trees that anciently -grew there. The chapel of Poplar was -erected in the year 1654, when the -ground upon which it was built, together -with the church yard, were given by the -East India company, and the edifice -erected by the voluntary contributions of -the inhabitants and others; since which -time that Company has not only allowed -the Minister a convenient dwelling house, -with a garden and field containing about -three acres, but has allowed him 20<i>l.</i> -<i>per annum</i> during pleasure; wherefore this -chapel for want of an endowment continues -unconsecrated.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Poplar Marsh, called the Isle of Dogs, -from the great noise made by the King’s -hounds that were kept there during the -residence of the royal family at Greenwich, -is rather an isthmus than an island, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_203'>203</span>and is reckoned one of the richest spots of -ground in England; for it not only raises -the largest cattle, but the grass it bears -is esteemed a great restorative of all distempered -cattle.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Here are two almshouses besides an hospital -belonging to the East India company.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Popler’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Greenbank.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poppet</span> <i>court</i>, Shoe lane, Fleet street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Popping’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Fleet street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Popping’s</span> <i>court</i>, Popping’s alley, Fleet -street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porridge pot</span> <i>alley</i>, Aldersgate street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porters.</span> The London porters are divided -into brotherhoods, and consist of four -sorts, viz. Companies porters, Fellowship -porters, Ticket porters, and Tackle -porters.</p> - -<p class='c004'>I. The companies porters land and ship -off all goods and merchandizes exported -and imported to and from all parts near -the west side of the Sound, in the Baltic -sea, Germany, Holland, France, Spain, -Italy, Turkey, and towards or beyond the -Cape of Good Hope.</p> - -<p class='c004'>II. Fellowship porters, whose business -is to land, ship off, carry or house, all -merchandize, as corn, salt, coals, and other -commodities, measurable by dry measure. -They are upward of 700 in number, and -their chief governor is the Alderman of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_204'>204</span>Billingsgate ward. Their quarterage is -12<i>d.</i> whereas the Ticket porters pay but -4<i>d.</i> each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There is a very remarkable custom -among the Fellowship porters, which is -as follows, viz.</p> - -<p class='c004'>By an act of Common Council, a sermon -is preached to them, in the parish church -of St. Mary at Hill, the next Sunday -after every Midsummer day; when overnight -they furnish the merchants and families -about Billingsgate with nosegays, -and in the morning they proceed from -their place of meeting in good order, each -having a nosegay in his hand: walking -through the middle isle to the communion -table, every one offers something into the -two basons, for the relief of the poor, and -towards the charges of the day; and after -they have passed, the deputy, the merchants, -their wives, children, and servants -walk in order from their seats, and -bestow their offerings also; which is a -ceremony of much variety. The charges -of their nosegays have amounted sometimes -to near 20<i>l.</i> in one year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>III. The Ticket porters land and ship -off goods imported or exported to all parts -of America, &c. and house all merchants -goods, metals, &c. They give -ample security for their fidelity and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_205'>205</span>honesty, and such as employ them need -only take notice of their names stamped -on a ticket that hangs at their girdles; -that upon complaint being made to their -Governor, satisfaction may be given to -such as have been injured by them.</p> - -<p class='c004'>IV. Tackle porters are such of the -Ticket porters as are furnished with -weights, scales, &c. and their business is -to weigh goods.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Rates taken by</i> <span class='sc'>Porters</span> <i>for shipping, landing, -houseing and weighing</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Sugar the hogshead, 3<i>d.</i>—For weighing -4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Sugar the tierce or barrel, 2<i>d.</i>—For -weighing 3<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Sugar the butt, 6<i>d.</i>—For weighing -8<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Cotton, wool, the bag, 3<i>d.</i>—The same -for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Ginger, the bag, 1<i>d.</i>—The same for -weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Melasses, the hogshead, 3<i>d.</i>—For -weighing 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Logwood, the ton, 1<i>s.</i>—The same for -weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Fustick, the ton, 1<i>s.</i>—The same for -weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_206'>206</span>Young fustick, the ton, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>—The -same for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Lignum rhodium, the ton, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>—The -same for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Lignum vitæ, the ton, 1<i>s.</i>—The same -for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Tobacco, the hogshead, 2<i>d.</i>—The same -for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Tobacco, the bundle, 1<i>d.</i>—The same -for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Danish, or Swedish iron, the ton, 1<i>s.</i>—The -same for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Narva and Riga hemp, the bundle, 6<i>d.</i>—The -same for weighing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Any porter has the liberty of bringing -goods into London; but may not carry any -out of the city, or from one part of it to -another, unless he be a freeman; otherwise -he is liable to be arrested.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porters</span> <i>alley</i>, Basinghall street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porters</span> <i>block</i>, Smithfield bars.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porter’s</span> <i>court</i>, Basinghall street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porter’s</span> <i>field</i>, Porter’s street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porters</span> <i>key</i>, Thames street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porter’s</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Blossom’s street.† 2. -Newport market.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Porter’s</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Holiwell lane, Shoreditch.† -2. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Portland</span> <i>street</i>, Oxford street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_207'>207</span><span class='sc'>Portpool</span> <i>lane</i>, extends from Gray’s Inn -lane to Leather lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Portsmouth</span> <i>corner</i>, Lincoln’s Inn Fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Portsoken Ward.</span> The word Portsoken, -according to Maitland, signifies a franchise -at the gate: this ward is therefore -situated entirely without Aldgate, and -contains all Whitechapel as far as the bars; -Petticoat lane, Houndsditch and the Minories. -It is bounded on the east, by the -parishes of Spitalfields, Stepney, and St. -George’s in the east; on the south by -Tower hill; on the west by Aldgate ward, -from which it is separated by the city -wall; and on the north by Bishopsgate -ward.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Its principal streets are, Whitechapel -up to the bars, the Minories, and Houndsditch; -and its most remarkable buildings, -the parish churches of St. Botolph’s Aldgate, -and Trinity Minories,</p> - -<p class='c004'>This ward is governed by an Alderman -and five Common Council men, including -the Alderman’s Deputy; twenty-two inquest -men, five scavengers, five constables, -and a beadle. The jurors returned by the -wardmote inquest serve in the several -courts of Guildhall in the month of January. -<i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Portugal</span> <i>row</i>, 1. St James’s street. 2. -Lincoln’s Inn Fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_208'>208</span><span class='sc'>Portugal</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Piccadilly. 2. Searle’s -street, Carey street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>General</i> <span class='sc'>Post Office</span>, a handsome and -commodious building near the south west -extremity of Lombard street, facing Pope’s -Head alley.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Of what antiquity the post is in this -kingdom, is not easy to determine. Anciently -the management of the foreign -mails was under the direction of a stranger, -who by the permission of the government -was chosen by the foreigners dwelling -in this city, who even pretended to -have a right by prescription of chusing -their own post master. However, in the -year 1568 a difference arising between the -Spaniards and Flemings in London, each -chose their separate post master; and this -contest occasioned a representation from -the citizens to the Privy Council, to beseech -her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, to fill -that important post with one of her English -subjects.</p> - -<p class='c004'>By the first accounts we find of the -posts established for the convenience of -this kingdom, it appears to have been -managed by several private officers, who -had their respective districts. But great -inconveniences arising from their different -methods of proceeding, they were suppressed, -and a certain number of public -<span class='pageno' id='Page_209'>209</span>officers erected in their room: but these -also not answering the end proposed, a -General Post Office was erected by act of -parliament in the 12th of King Charles II. -in the year 1660, to be kept within -the city of London, under the direction -of a Post Master appointed by the -King.</p> - -<p class='c004'>By this act the General Post Master was -impowered to appoint post houses in the -several parts of the country hitherto unprovided, -both in post and by-roads: the -postage of letters to and from all places -therein mentioned was not only ascertained, -but likewise the rates of post -horses to be paid by all such as should ride -post.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At length, upon the union of the -kingdoms of England and Scotland, a -General Post Office was established by act -of parliament in the year 1710, not only -for the united kingdom of Great Britain, -but likewise for that of Ireland, and her -Majesty’s plantations in North America -and the West Indies.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The office of Post Master is at present -under the direction of two Commissioners -who have 2000<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and are assisted -by a Secretary of 200<i>l.</i> a year, who -has four Clerks, two of 60<i>l.</i> a year, one of -50<i>l.</i> and one of 30<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_210'>210</span>The other officers under the direction -of the Post Master General are, a Receiver -General, who has 300<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, under -whom are two clerks, who have 50<i>l.</i> a -year each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>An Accomptant General who has 300<i>l.</i> -<i>per annum</i>, and has a Deputy of 90<i>l.</i> a -year, and three Clerks who have 50<i>l.</i> a -year each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A Comptroller of the inland office -who has 200<i>l.</i> a year, and has a Deputy -of 90<i>l.</i> a year. A Solicitor to the post -office who has 200<i>l.</i> a year; a Resident -Surveyor, who has 300<i>l.</i> a year; and two -Inspectors of the mis-sent letters who have -100<i>l.</i> a year each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Six Clerks of the roads, viz. Chester, -100<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>; Assistant, 60<i>l.</i> West, -60<i>l.</i> and Assistant, 60<i>l.</i> North, 60<i>l.</i> a -year, and Assistant, 60<i>l.</i> Bristol, 60<i>l.</i> a -year, and Assistant 60<i>l.</i> Yarmouth, 60<i>l.</i> a -year, and Assistant, 60<i>l.</i> Kent, 60<i>l.</i> a -year, and Assistant, 50<i>l.</i> Notwithstanding -the smallness of these salaries; the perquisite -of franking news papers, &c. into -the country renders the profits of the Clerks -of the roads very considerable.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A Court Post who has 2<i>l.</i> a day; and a -deliverer of the letters to the House of -Commons, who has 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> a day.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There is also a Clerk of the by-nights, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_211'>211</span>who has 60<i>l.</i> a year, and his Assistant, -60<i>l.</i> Ten sorters, seven of whom have -50<i>l.</i> a year, and three 40<i>l.</i> a year each, -seven, supernumerary sorters, three at 30<i>l.</i> -and four at 25<i>l.</i> each. A window man -and alphabet keeper, who has 60<i>l.</i> a year; -and several other officers and servants, among -whom are sixty-seven letter carriers -at 11<i>s.</i> a week.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the foreign office is a Comptroller, -who has 150<i>l.</i> a year; an alphabet -keeper, who has 100<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, a Secretary -who has 50<i>l.</i> a year; and six Clerks, -five of whom have 50<i>l.</i> a year each, and -one 40<i>l.</i> a year.</p> -<p class='c023'>Rates for carrying Letters by the Post, to -any part of Great Britain and Ireland.</p> -<p class='c023'><i>Double letters to be paid twice as much as -single, treble letters three times as much, -and the ounce four times as much as single -letters.</i></p> -<p class='c005'>Every single letter not exceeding one -sheet, to or from any place not exceeding -eighty miles, 3<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Every single letter above eighty miles, -4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Every single letter from London to Berwick, -or from Berwick to London, 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_212'>212</span>Every single letter from Berwick to any -place within forty miles distance, 3<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Carriage of every single letter a greater -distance than one hundred and forty miles -6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The port of every single letter to or -from Edinburgh, and to and from Dumfries -or Cockburnsperth, and between -either of those places and Edinburgh, not -coming from on ship-board, 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The port of every single letter from -Edinburgh to or from any place within -fifty miles distance in Scotland, 2<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The port of every single letter a farther -distance, and not exceeding eighty miles -within Scotland, 3<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The port of every single letter above -eighty miles within Scotland, 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Between Donachaddee in Ireland and -Port-Patrick in Scotland for port of letters -and packets (over and above the inland -rates) to be paid at the place where -delivered; single letter, 2<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The carriage of every single letter from -England to Dublin, in Ireland, or from -Dublin into England, 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The carriage of every single letter from -Dublin to any place within forty miles -distance, or from any place within the -like distance to Dublin, 2<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_213'>213</span>The carriage of every letter a farther -distance than forty miles, 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>And for the port of all and every the -letters and packets directed or brought -from on ship-board, over and above the -said rates, 1<i>d.</i></p> -<p class='c023'>The several rates for the carriage of -Letters, Packets, and Parcels; to or -from any parts or places beyond the -seas, are as follow; viz.</p> -<p class='c023'><i>Double letters to be paid for twice as much -as single, treble letters three times as -much, the ounce four times as much as -the single letters.</i></p> -<p class='c005'>All letters and packets coming from any -part of France to London. Single 10<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters or packets passing from London -through France, to any part of Spain -or Portugal (port paid to Bayonne) and -from Spain and Portugal through France -to London, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> single, double 3<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London through France, to any part of -Italy or Sicily by the way of Lyons, or to -any part of Turky, by the way of Marseilles, -and from any of those parts thro’ -France to London. Single 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_214'>214</span>All letters and packets coming from any -part of the Spanish Netherlands to London. -Single 10<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London through the Spanish Netherlands -to any part of Italy or Sicily (port paid to -Antwerp), and from any port of Italy or -Sicily, through the Spanish Netherlands -unto London. Single 1<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London through the Spanish Netherlands -to any part of Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, -Sweden, and all parts of the North, -and from any of those parts through the -Spanish Netherlands unto London. Single -1<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London through the Spanish Netherlands -to any part of Spain or Portugal; and from -any part of Spain or Portugal, through the -Spanish Netherlands to London. Single -1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -any part of the United Provinces to -London. Single 10<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London through the United Provinces, -for any part of Italy or Sicily, and from -any part of Italy or Sicily, through the -United Provinces, to London. Single -1<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_215'>215</span>All letters and packets passing from -London through the United Provinces, to -any part of Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, -Sweden, and all parts of the North; -and from any of those parts and places, -through the United Provinces, to London. -Single 1<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London through the United Provinces, -to any part of Spain or Portugal; and -from any part of Spain or Portugal, -through the United Provinces, to London. -Single 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London through the Spanish Netherlands -or the United Provinces, to Hamburgh -(port paid to Antwerp or Amsterdam) and -from Hamburgh through the Spanish Netherlands, -or the United Provinces, to -London. Single 10<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing between -London, Spain, or Portugal, by packet -boats. Single 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets passing from -London to Jamaica, Barbadoes, Antigua, -Montserrat, Nevis, and St. Christopher’s, -in America, and from any of those parts -to London. Single 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from London -to New York, in North America, and from -thence to London. Single 1<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_216'>216</span>All letters and packets from any part -of the West Indies, to New York aforesaid. -Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from New York -to any place within sixty English -miles thereof, and thence back to New -York. Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from New -York to Perth Amboy, the chief town in -East New Jersey, and to Bridlington, the -chief town in West New Jersey, and from -each of those places back to New York, -and from New York to any place not -exceeding one hundred English miles, and -from each of those places to New York. -Single 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from Perth Amboy -and Bridlington, to any place not -exceeding sixty English miles, and thence -back again. Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from Perth Amboy -and Bridlington, to any place not exceeding -one hundred English miles, and -thence back again. Single 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from New York -to New London, the chief town in Connecticut -in New England, and to Philadelphia, -the chief town in Pensilvania, -and from those places back to New York. -Single 9<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_217'>217</span>All letters and packets from New London -and Philadelphia, to any place not -exceeding sixty English miles, and thence -back again. Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from New York -and Philadelphia, to any place not exceeding -one hundred English miles, and so -back again. Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from New -York aforesaid, to Newport the chief -town in Rhode Island, and Providence -Plantation in New England, and to Boston, -the chief town in Massachusett’s bay, in -New England aforesaid; and to Portsmouth, -the chief town in New Hampshire, -in New England aforesaid; and to -Annapolis, the chief town in Maryland, -and from every of those places to New -York. Single 1<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from Newport, -Boston, Portsmouth, and Annapolis aforesaid, -to any place not exceeding sixty -English miles, and thence back again. -Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from Newport, -Boston, Portsmouth, and Annapolis aforesaid, -to any place not exceeding one hundred -English miles, and thence back -again. Single 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from New York -<span class='pageno' id='Page_218'>218</span>aforesaid, to the chief offices in Salem and -Ipswich, and to the chief office in Piscataway, -and to Williamsburgh, the chief -office in Virginia, and from every of those -places to New York. Single 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from the chief -offices in Salem, Ipswich, and Piscataway, -and Williamsburgh aforesaid, to any place -not exceeding sixty English miles, and -thence back again. Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from the chief -offices in Salem, Ipswich, Piscataway, -and Williamsburgh aforesaid, not exceeding -one hundred English miles, and thence -back again. Single 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from New -York aforesaid, to Charles Town, the -chief town in North and South Carolina, -and from Charles Town aforesaid to New -York. Single 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from Charles -Town aforesaid, to any place not exceeding -sixty English miles, and thence back -again. Single 4<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All letters and packets from Charles -Town aforesaid, to any place not exceeding -one hundred English miles, and -thence back again. Single 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_219'>219</span><i>Post letters may be sent from London every night to</i></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c003'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Abingdon</div> - <div class='line'>Ampthill</div> - <div class='line'>Ashburton</div> - <div class='line'>Attleborough</div> - <div class='line'>Bath</div> - <div class='line'>Beccles</div> - <div class='line'>Beconsfield</div> - <div class='line'>Birmingham</div> - <div class='line'>Bridgewater</div> - <div class='line'>Bristol</div> - <div class='line'>Bromsgrove</div> - <div class='line'>Burntwood</div> - <div class='line'>Bury St. Edmunds</div> - <div class='line'>Cambridge</div> - <div class='line'>Campden</div> - <div class='line'>Canterbury</div> - <div class='line'>Chatham</div> - <div class='line'>Chelmsford</div> - <div class='line'>Chertsey</div> - <div class='line'>Chester</div> - <div class='line'>Chipping Norton</div> - <div class='line'>Cirencester</div> - <div class='line'>Claremont</div> - <div class='line'>Cobham</div> - <div class='line'>Colchester</div> - <div class='line'>Croydon</div> - <div class='line'>Darking</div> - <div class='line'>Dartford</div> - <div class='line'>Deal</div> - <div class='line'>Derby</div> - <div class='line'>Dover</div> - <div class='line'>Enfield</div> - <div class='line'>Epsom</div> - <div class='line'>Esher in Surry</div> - <div class='line'>Evesham</div> - <div class='line'>Exeter</div> - <div class='line'>Faringdon</div> - <div class='line'>Feversham</div> - <div class='line'>Gerard’s Cross</div> - <div class='line'>Gloucester</div> - <div class='line'>Gravesend</div> - <div class='line'>Grays</div> - <div class='line'>Guildford</div> - <div class='line'>Ham in Surry</div> - <div class='line'>Hampton Court</div> - <div class='line'>Hampton Town</div> - <div class='line'>Hamwick in Surry</div> - <div class='line'>Hanworth</div> - <div class='line'>Harborough</div> - <div class='line'>Hertford</div> - <div class='line'>High Wickham</div> - <div class='line'>Ingateston</div> - <div class='line'>Ipswich</div> - <div class='line'>Isleworth</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_220'>220</span>Kelvedon</div> - <div class='line'>Kingston</div> - <div class='line'>Kingston Wick</div> - <div class='line'>Lalam</div> - <div class='line'>Leatherhead</div> - <div class='line'>Leicester</div> - <div class='line'>Littleton</div> - <div class='line'>Liverpool</div> - <div class='line'>Loughborough</div> - <div class='line'>Lowstoff</div> - <div class='line'>Lynn</div> - <div class='line'>Maidstone</div> - <div class='line'>Manchester</div> - <div class='line'>Middlewich</div> - <div class='line'>Moulsey in Surry</div> - <div class='line'>Namptwich</div> - <div class='line'>Newmarket</div> - <div class='line'>Newport Pagnell</div> - <div class='line'>Northampton</div> - <div class='line'>Northwich</div> - <div class='line'>Norwich</div> - <div class='line'>Nottingham</div> - <div class='line'>Oxford</div> - <div class='line'>Petersham</div> - <div class='line'>Plymouth</div> - <div class='line'>Portsmouth</div> - <div class='line'>Prescot</div> - <div class='line'>Queenborough</div> - <div class='line'>Richmond</div> - <div class='line'>Ripley</div> - <div class='line'>Rochester</div> - <div class='line'>Royston</div> - <div class='line'>Rumford</div> - <div class='line'>Sandwich</div> - <div class='line'>Saxmundham</div> - <div class='line'>Shepperton</div> - <div class='line'>Shiffnal</div> - <div class='line'>Shrewsbury</div> - <div class='line'>Sittingbourn</div> - <div class='line'>Southall</div> - <div class='line'>Stafford</div> - <div class='line'>Stoke in Norfolk</div> - <div class='line'>Stone</div> - <div class='line'>Sunbury</div> - <div class='line'>Taunton</div> - <div class='line'>Teddington</div> - <div class='line'>Thame</div> - <div class='line'>Thames Ditton</div> - <div class='line'>Thanet</div> - <div class='line'>Thetford</div> - <div class='line'>Tiverton</div> - <div class='line'>Twickenham</div> - <div class='line'>Uxbridge</div> - <div class='line'>Walsall</div> - <div class='line'>Walton</div> - <div class='line'>Warrington</div> - <div class='line'>Wellington</div> - <div class='line'>Wells</div> - <div class='line'>Weybridge</div> - <div class='line'>Windham in Norfolk</div> - <div class='line'>Windsor</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_221'>221</span>Wingham in Kent</div> - <div class='line'>Witham</div> - <div class='line'>Witton</div> - <div class='line'>Wolverhampton</div> - <div class='line'>Woodburn</div> - <div class='line'>Worcester</div> - <div class='line'>Yarmouth</div> - <div class='line'>Tunbridge bag every night from Midsummer to Michaelmas only</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Bags for the following towns are dispatched -Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, -and Saturdays; and the returns are delivered -Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, -and Saturdays; Arundel, Brighthelmston, -Chichester, East Grinstead, Godalmin, -Haslemere, Lewes, Midhurst, Petworth, -Ryegate, Steyning, Shoreham.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On Mondays.] To France, Spain, Italy, -Germany, Flanders, Sweden, Denmark.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On Tuesdays.] To Holland, Germany, -Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Scotland, and -all parts of England and Wales.</p> -<p class='c011'>N.B. One Tuesday the packet goes to -Lisbon, and the next Tuesday to the -Groyn, and so on.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On Thursdays.] To France, Spain, -Italy, and all parts of England and Scotland.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On Fridays.] To Flanders, Germany, -Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Holland.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On Saturdays.] To all parts of England, -Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Letters are returned from all parts of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_222'>222</span>England and Scotland certainly, every -Monday, Wednesday and Friday; and -from Wales every Monday and Friday. -But their coming from foreign parts is -more uncertain on account of the seas.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Post Office</span> <i>court</i>, a small but neat court -in Lombard street, in which is the post -office.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Postern</span> <i>passage</i>, Shoemaker row.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Postern</span>, Bakers row.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Postern Gate</span>, an ancient gate which -stood at the east end of Postern row on -Tower hill. It was erected soon after the -Conquest in a beautiful manner with -stones brought from Kent and Normandy, -for the convenience of the neighbouring -inhabitants, both within and without the -walls; but in the second year of the reign -of Richard I. William Longchamp, Bishop -of Ely, and Chancellor of England, having -resolved to enlarge and strengthen the -Tower of London with an additional -fortification, he caused a part of the city -wall, which extended about 300 feet from -the Tower to this gate, to be taken down, -in order to make way for a strong wall and -a spacious ditch: by which means the -postern being deprived of its support on -that side, fell down in the year 1440. It -was afterwards replaced by a mean building -of timber, laths and loam, with a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_223'>223</span>narrow passage; but this also decayed, -and has been many years removed -quite away; nothing remaining at -present to preserve the name, but a few -posts to guard a narrow foot way from -the encroachments of horses and carriages.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A little to the south of the place where -the gate stood, is a descent by several stone -steps to an excellent spring, much admired, -which is still called the Postern -Spring.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Postern</span> <i>row</i>, a row of houses on Tower -hill, leading from the place where the -postern gate formerly stood.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Potters</span> <i>fields</i>, 1. Back lane, Southwark. -2. Pickleherring lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pottlepot</span> <i>alley</i>, St. Catharine’s by the -Tower.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poverty</span> <i>lane</i>, Brook street.‖</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poultney</span> <i>court</i>, Cambridge street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poulton’s</span> <i>court</i>, near Broad street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poulterers</span>, a company incorporated by -letters patent granted by Henry VII. in -the year 1504.</p> - -<p class='c004'>They have a Master, two Wardens, -twenty-three Assistants, and a livery -of an hundred and six members, who on -their admission pay a fine of 20<i>l.</i> but -they have no hall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poultry</span>, a street which extends from the -Mansion house to Cheapside, and was so -denominated from the Poulterers stalls -<span class='pageno' id='Page_224'>224</span>which anciently extended along that -street from Stocks market. <i>Maitland.</i> See -<span class='sc'>Scalding</span> <i>alley</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Poultry Compter</span>, one of the city -prisons, so denominated from its use and -situation: for this prison belonging to one -of the Sheriffs, Maitland supposes, might -possibly be named the Compter, from the -prisoners being obliged to account for the -cause of their commitment before their -discharge: and the addition of Poultry is -added from its situation in that street, to -distinguish it from the Compter in Wood -street.</p> - -<p class='c004'>For an account of the several officers -belonging to the two Compters, see the -article <span class='sc'>Compter</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Powdered Beef</span> <i>court</i>, Cabbage lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Powell’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Chiswell street, Moorfields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Powell’s</span> <i>court</i>, Queen street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Powell’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Upper Ground street, -Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prat’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, Millbank, Westminster -Horseferry.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prebends</span> <i>of St. Paul’s</i>. See the article -<span class='sc'>Canons</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Precentor</span> or <span class='sc'>Chanter of St. Paul’s</span>, -an officer who superintends the church -music, and has a sub-chanter to officiate -in his absence. To him belongs the second -stall on the north side of the choir: -he is perpetual Rector of the church of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_225'>225</span>Stortford, proprietor of the same, and patron -of the vicarage. <i>Newc. Repert.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prerogative Court</span> in Doctors Commons; -this court is thus denominated -from the prerogative of the Archbishop of -Canterbury; who by a special privilege -beyond those of his suffragans, can here -try all disputes that happen to arise concerning -the last wills of persons within his -province, who have left goods to the value -of 5<i>l.</i> and upwards, unless such things -are settled by composition between the -metropolitan and his suffragans; as -in the diocese of London, where it is -10<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>This court, which was formerly held -in the consistory of St. Paul’s, is kept in -Doctors Commons in the afternoon, the -next day after the court of Arches. The -Judge is attended by the Register and his -Deputy, who sets down the decrees -and acts of the court, and keeps the -records.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prerogative Office</span> in Doctors Commons, -an office belonging to the above -court, in which copies of all wills deposited -in the office are wrote in large folio -volumes, and any person may have the -privilege of searching a particular will for -a shilling, and of having a copy of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_226'>226</span>whole, or of any part of it, for a moderate -fee.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The places belonging to this court are -in the gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Presbyterians</span>, a considerable body of -Protestant dissenters; their religious sentiments -are in general pretty far from -Calvinism, they have now scarcely any -resemblance to the church of Scotland; -and every congregation in this city, is in a -manner as independent of each other as -the independents themselves. The meeting -houses within the bills of mortality are -as follows:</p> - -<p class='c004'>1. Bethnal green. 2. Broad street, -Wapping. 3. Brook house, Clapton. 4. -Church street, Hoxton. 5. Crosby square, -Bishopsgate street. 6. Crown court, Russel -street. 7. Founders hall, Lothbury. -8. Grafton street, Seven dials. 9. Gravel -lane, Houndsditch. 10. Great St. Thomas -Apostle’s. 11. Hanover street, Long Acre. -12. King John’s court, Bermondsey. 13. -King’s Weigh-house, Little Eastcheap. -14. Leather lane, Holborn. 15. Little -Carter lane. 16. Little Eastcheap, near -Tower street. 17. Little St. Helen’s -Bishopsgate street. 18. Long ditch, Westminster. -19. Maiden lane, Deadman’s -<span class='pageno' id='Page_227'>227</span>place. 20. Middlesex court, Bartholomew -close. 21. Mourning lane, Hackney. -22. New Broad street, London wall. 23. -Near Nightingale lane. 24. Old Jewry, -Poultry. 25. Parish street, Horselydown. -26. Poor Jewry lane, near Aldgate. 27. -Queen street, near Cuckolds point. 28. -Rampant lion yard, Nightingale lane. -29. Ryder’s court, near Leicester fields. -30. Salisbury street, Rotherhithe. 31. St. -Thomas, Southwark. 32. Salters hall, -Swithin’s lane. 33. Shakespear’s walk, -Upper Shadwell. 34. Silver street, Wood -street. 35. Spitalfields. 36. Swallow -street, Piccadilly. 37. Windsor court, -Monkwell street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prescot</span> <i>court</i>, St. John’s street, Smithfield.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prescot</span> <i>street</i>, Goodman’s fields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Preston’s</span> <i>yard</i>, in the Minories.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Price’s</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Brewer’s street. 2. Knave’s -Acre, Wardour street.† 3. Queen street, -in the Park, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Price’s</span> <i>buildings</i>, Gravel lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Price’s</span> <i>court</i>, Gravel lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Price’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Long lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Priest’s</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Foster lane, Cheapside.† -2. Tower hill.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Priest’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Dancing lane, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Primrose</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Bishopsgate street. 2. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_228'>228</span>Long alley, Moorfields. 3. St. Mary -Overies dock, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Primrose Hill</span>, a very pleasant hill between -Kilburn and Hampstead; also called -Green Berry Hill, from the names of the -three assassins of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, -who brought him hither after they had -murdered him at Somerset house.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Primrose</span> <i>row</i>, Primrose alley.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Primrose</span> <i>street</i>, Bishopsgate street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prince’s</span> <i>court</i>. Several of these courts and -streets received their name, as well as -those of King street and Queen street, -after the restoration, in honour of the return -of the royal family. 1. Duke street, -St. James’s. 2. Drury lane. 3. Gravel -lane, Southwark. 4. Hedge lane, Charing -Cross. 5. Long Ditch, Westminster. -6. Lothbury. 7. Newport market. 8. -Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff highway. 9. -Tower hill. 10. Wentworth street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prince’s</span> <i>square</i>, Ratcliff highway, is a neat -square, principally inhabited by the families -of gentlemen who belong to the -sea. Its chief ornament is the church -and church yard belonging to the Swedes, -surrounded with iron rails and well planted -with trees. The front of the church -is carried up flat with niches and ornaments, -and on the summit is a pediment. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_229'>229</span>The body is divided into a central part -projecting forwarder than the rest, and -two sides. The central part has two tall -windows, terminated by a pediment, and -in the midst of that is an oval window; -but in the sides there is only a compartment -below with a circular window above. -The corners of the building are wrought -in a bold, plain rustic. The tower rises -square from the roof, and at the corners -are placed urns with flames: from thence -rises a turret in the lanthorn form with -flaming urns at the corners: this turret is -covered with a dome, from which rises a -ball, supporting the fane, in the form of a -rampant lion.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prince’s</span> <i>stairs</i>, Rotherhith.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prince’s</span> <i>street</i>, 1. St. Anne’s street, Soho. -2. Barbican. 3. Brick lane, Spitalfields. -4. Charles street, Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff. -5. Drury lane. 6. Duke street, St. -James’s. 7. Duke street, Southwark. 8. -Hanover square. 9. Little Queen street. -10. Oxford street. 11. Queen street. 12. -Ratcliff Highway. 13. Red Lion square, -Holborn. 14. Rotherhith Wall. 15. Sun -Tavern fields, Shadwell. 16. The west -end of Threadneedle street; first built by -act of Parliament after the fire of London, -in which it was called by this name before -<span class='pageno' id='Page_230'>230</span>it was erected. 17. Upper Moorfields. -18. Whitcomb street, Hedge lane. 19. -Wood street, Spitalfields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Printing House</span> <i>lane</i>, leading to the -King’s printing house in Black friars.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Printing House</span> <i>street</i>, Water lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Printing House</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Water lane. 2. -By White’s alley, Coleman street; thus -named from a large printing house there -for woollens.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pritchard’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Fair street, Horselydown.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Privy Council</span>, held at the Cockpit. This -great and honourable assembly meet in -order to consult upon those measures that -are most likely to contribute to the honour, -defence, safety and benefit of his -Majesty’s dominions.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The members of this body are chosen -by the King, and are, or ought to be -distinguished by their wisdom, courage, -integrity, and political knowledge. A -Privy Counsellor, though but a Gentleman, -has precedence of all Knights, Baronets, -and the younger sons of all Barons -and Viscounts. They sit at the council board -bareheaded, when his Majesty presides; -at all debates the lowest delivers his -opinion first; and the King last of all declares -<span class='pageno' id='Page_231'>231</span>his judgment, and thereby determines -the matter in debate.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Privy Garden</span>, Whitehall, was formerly -used as a private garden, though it extended -almost to the Cockpit. The wall -joined the arch still standing by the Cockpit, -and ran on in a line to King street. -<i>Plan of London drawn in Queen Elizabeth’s -time.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Privy Garden</span> <i>stairs</i>, Privy Garden.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Privy Seal Office</span>, Whitehall. An office -under the government of the Lord Privy -Seal, a great officer, next in dignity to -the Lord President of the Council, who -keeps the King’s privy seal, which is set -to such grants as pass the great seal of -England. The Lord Privy Seal has a salary -of 3000<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>. Under him -are three Deputies, a Secretary, and three -Clerks; but these Clerks have no salaries; -they have however considerable fees, and -30<i>l.</i> a year board wages.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Probin’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Blackman street, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Protonotaries</span>, or <span class='sc'>Prothonotaries</span>, -in the court of Common Pleas. The -word is derived from <i>Protonotarius</i>, a chief -Notary or Clerk; and they are accordingly -the chief Clerks of this court. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_232'>232</span>They enter and enrol all declarations, -pleadings, assizes, judgments, and actions; -and make out judicial writs, &c. for all -English counties, except Monmouth. -They are three in number, and have each -separate offices, one in the Middle Temple, -another in King’s Bench Walks, and the -other in Searle’s court, Lincoln’s Inn. In -these offices all the Attorneys of the court -of Common Pleas enter their causes.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Each of these Protonotaries has a Secondary, -whose office is, to draw up the -rules of court, and these were formerly the -ancientest and ablest Clerks or Attorneys -of the court.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Protonotary’s</span>, or <span class='sc'>Prothonotary’s</span> -<i>Office in Chancery</i>, is kept in Middle Temple -lane, and is chiefly to expedite commissions -for embassies.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Providence</span> <i>court</i>, North Audley street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Providence</span> <i>yard</i>, Peter street, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Prujean’s</span> <i>court</i>, in the Old Bailey.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pruson’s</span> <i>island</i>, Near New Gravel lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pudding</span> <i>lane</i>, Thames street. In this lane -the fire of London broke out, at a house -situated exactly at the same distance from -the Monument as that is high. Upon -this house, which is rebuilt in a very -<span class='pageno' id='Page_233'>233</span>handsome manner, was set up by authority -the following inscription:</p> - -<p class='c004'>‘Here by the permission of Heaven, -Hell broke loose upon this protestant -city, from the malicious hearts of barbarous -papists, by the hand of their -agent <span class='sc'>Hubert</span>: who confessed, and on -the ruins of this place declared his fact, -for which he was hanged, viz. That -here began the dreadful fire, which is -described and perpetuated, on and by -the neighbouring pillar, erected 1681—in -the mayoralty of Sir Patience Ward, -Knt.’</p> - -<p class='c004'>But the inhabitants being incommoded -by the many people who came to look at -the house, and read this board, it was -taken down a few years ago.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Puddle</span> <i>dock</i>, Thames street. There was -anciently a descent into the Thames in -this place, where horses used to be watered; -who raising the mud with their -feet, made the place like a puddle; from -this circumstance, and from a person -named Puddle dwelling there, this dock, -according to Maitland, obtained its present -name.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Puddle Dock</span> <i>hill</i>, Great Carter lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Puddle Dock</span> <i>stairs</i>, Puddle dock.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pultney</span> <i>court</i>, Little Windmill street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_234'>234</span><span class='sc'>Pultney</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Brewer’s street.† 2. -Knave’s Acre.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pump</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Brown’s street.☐ 2. Gardener’s -lane, Petty France, Westminster.☐ -3. Green bank, Wapping.☐ 4. Perkins’s -rents, Peter street, Soho.☐ 5. Quaker -street, Spitalfields.☐ 6. Queen street in -the Park, Southwark.☐ 7. Red lion -street, Wapping dock.☐ 8. Near Whitecross -street, Cripplegate.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pump</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Bridgewater gardens.☐ 2. -Charing Cross.☐ 3. Crutched Friars.☐ -4. Glasshouse yard.☐ 5. Holland street.† -6. Jacob’s street, Mill street.☐ 7. Inner -Temple.☐ 8. Long alley, Shoreditch.☐ -9. The Minories.☐ 10. Noble street, -Foster lane.☐ 11. Rose and Crown -court.☐ 12. Portpool lane.☐ 13. Queenhithe.☐ -14. Three Foxes court, Longlane, -Smithfield.☐ 15. White Hart yard, -Drury lane.☐ 16. White’s alley.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pump</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Near Aldersgate Bars.☐ 2. -Church lane.☐ 3. Golden lane.☐ 4. -Gravel lane.☐ 5. King John’s court, -Southwark.☐ 6. Newington Butts.☐ 7. -In the Orchard, Ratcliff.☐ 8. Pump alley, -Chequer alley.☐ 9. Three Colts street.† -10. Whitehorse alley, Cow Cross.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Punch Bowl</span> <i>alley</i>, Moorfields Quarters.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Punch</span> <i>court</i>, Thrall street, Spitalfields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_235'>235</span><span class='sc'>Purford.</span> See <span class='sc'>Pyrford</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Purse</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* -2. Old Change, Cheapside.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Putney</span>, a village in Surry, situated on the -Thames, five miles south west of London, -famous for being the birth place of Thomas -Cromwell Earl of Essex, whose father -was a blacksmith here. About this village -the citizens of London have many -pretty seats; and on Putney Heath is a -public house, noted for polite assemblies, -and in the summer season for breakfasting -and dancing, and for one of the pleasantest -bowling greens in England. Here is an -old church erected after the same model -with that of Fulham, on the opposite -shore, and they are both said to have been -built by two sisters.</p> - -<p class='c004'>That part of Putney which joins to the -Heath, commands a fine view both up and -down the river Thames.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pye</span> <i>corner</i>, Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pye</span> <i>garden</i>, near Willow street, Bank side, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pye</span> <i>street</i>, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Pyrford</span>, or <span class='sc'>Purford</span>, in Surry, the -fine seat of the late Denzil Onslow, Esq; -situated two miles from Guilford, on the -banks of the Wey. It is rendered extremely -pleasant, by the beautiful intermixture -of wood and water, in the park, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_236'>236</span>gardens, and grounds adjoining. By the -park is a decoy, the first of the kind in -this part of England.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/doodad.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c007'>Q.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Quakers</span>, a body of dissenters who -have the following places of worship -in this metropolis:</p> - -<p class='c004'>1. Devonshire street, Bishopsgate street. -2. Ewer’s street, Southwark. 3. Fair -street, Horselydown. 4. Little Almonry, -Westminster. 5. St. John’s lane. 6. -Sandy’s court, Houndsditch. 7. School -house lane, Ratcliff. 8. Savoy in the -Strand. 9. Wapping. 10. White hart -yard, Gracechurch street. 11. Workhouse, -Clerkenwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Quakers</span> <i>street</i>, Spitalfields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Quakers Workhouse</span>, in Bridewell -Walk, Clerkenwell, contains about eighteen -or twenty old men and women; but -they are not confined to any number. -These are provided with all the necessaries -of life in a very decent manner: as are -also forty boys and twenty girls; who are -not only taught reading, writing and -arithmetic; but to spin, sew, knit, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_237'>237</span>make thrum-mops, &c. in order to inure -them to early labour: the boys, when -put out apprentice, have 5<i>l.</i> given with -each. These children are cloathed in -very good cloth and callimancoes, and -supported at the expence of about 600<i>l.</i> -<i>per annum</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Quality</span> <i>court</i>, Chancery lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Quart Pot</span> <i>alley</i>, George street, Petty -France, Westminster.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen Anne’s</span> <i>street</i>, a very handsome regular -street, building north of Cavendish -square, and parallel to that and Wigmore -street. It being built on the estate of the -late Lord Harley, Earl of Oxford, it received -its name in honour of his Royal -Mistress.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen Elizabeth’s</span> <i>School</i>, in School -house lane, Tooley street, Southwark, was -founded by that Princess, for instructing -the boys of St. Olave’s parish in English, -grammar and writing.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This school generally consists of near -three hundred boys, for the teaching of -whom the master of the grammar school -has a salary of 61<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>; his usher -41<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> the writing-master has 60<i>l.</i> out -of which he is obliged to supply the school -with pens and ink; the English master -has 37<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> and his usher 20<i>l.</i> These -sums, together amounting to 220<i>l. per annum</i>, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_238'>238</span>are chiefly raised from an estate in -Horselydown, which, pursuant to the -letters of incorporation, is, with the -school, under the management of sixteen -of the parishioners. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queenhithe</span>, in Thames street, a hithe or -harbour for large boats, lighters, barges, -and even ships, which anciently anchored -at that place, as they do now at Billingsgate, -the draw-bridge being drawn up for -their passage through; Queenhithe being -then the principal key for lading and unlading -in the heart of the city. Hither -vast numbers of these vessels came laden -with corn, as the barges do now with -malt and meal, this being the great meal -market of the city.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queenhithe</span> <i>alley</i>, near Thames street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queenhithe</span> <i>stairs</i>, Queenhithe.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queenhithe</span> <i>little stairs</i>, Queenhithe.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queenhithe Ward</span>, is bounded on the -north by Bread street ward, and Cordwainers -ward; on the east by Dowgate -ward; on the south by the Thames, and -on the west by Baynard’s castle ward. -The principal streets and lanes in this -ward, are, next to Queenhithe, a part of -Thames street, from St. Bennet’s hill to -Townsend lane; Lambert hill, Fish -street hill, Five foot lane, Bread street hill, -Huggen lane, Little Trinity, with the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_239'>239</span>south side of Great Trinity lane, and Old -Fish street.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The most remarkable buildings, are the -parish churches of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, -St. Mary Somerset, and St. Michael’s -Queenhithe; Painterstainers hall, and -Blacksmiths hall.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This ward is governed by an Alderman -and six Common Council men, including -the Alderman’s Deputy; thirteen inquest -men, eight scavengers, nine constables, -and a beadle. The jury-men returned -by the Wardmote inquest, serve in the -several courts of Guildhall in the month -of October. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s Arms</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Shoe lane.* 2. -Shoreditch.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s Arms</span> <i>court</i>, Upper Ground.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. St. Catharine’s lane, East -Smithfield.* 2. Great Queen street.* 3. -High Holborn.* 4. King street, Covent -Garden.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s Head</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Hoxton.* 2. Newgate -street.* 3. Shadwell.* 4. Wapping.* -5. Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s Head</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Fleet street.* 2. -Giltspur street.* 3. Gray’s Inn lane.* 4. -Great Windmill street.* 5. High Holborn.* -6. King street, Covent Garden.* -7. Pye corner.* 8. In the Strand.* 9. -Turn again lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_240'>240</span><span class='sc'>Queen’s Head</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Gray’s Inn lane, -Holborn.* 2. White Horse street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s Library</span>, a handsome building -erected by that learned Princess her late -Majesty Queen Caroline, into which -books were put in the month of October -1737. This is a very noble room, furnished -with a choice collection of modern -books in several languages, consisting of -about 4500, finely bound, and placed in -great order, with brass net-work before -them. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s</span> <i>square</i>, 1. St. James’s Park. 2. -Little Bartholomew close. 3. Ormond -street, by Red Lion street, Holborn. This, -as a late writer justly observes, is an area -of a peculiar kind, it being left open on -one side for the sake of the beautiful landscape -formed by the hills of Highgate and -Hampstead, together with the adjacent -fields. A delicacy worthy, as it is an advantage -to the inhabitants, and a beauty -even with regard to the square itself.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen’s Square</span> <i>street</i>, Long Ditch, Westminster.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Queen</span> <i>street</i>. Many of these streets were -thus named after the restoration, in honour -of the royal family. 1. Bloomsbury. -2. Opposite King street in Cheapside; -this street was widened, and had its name -<span class='pageno' id='Page_241'>241</span>changed to Queen street, by act of Parliament, -after the fire of London. 3. -Great Russel street, Bloomsbury. 4. Great -Windmill street. 5. Hog lane, St. Giles’s. -6. Hoxton. 7. Long Ditch, Westminster. -8. In the Mint, Southwark. 9. Moorfields. -10. Near New Gravel lane, Shadwell. -11. Old Paradise street, Rotherhith. -12. Oxford street. 13. In the Park, -Southwark. 14. Ratcliff. 15. Redcross -street, Southwark. 16. Rosemary lane. -17. Rotherhith. 18. Seven Dials. 19. -Soho square. 20. Tower hill. 21. Mews, -Great Queen street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Quickapple’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Bishopsgate street without.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Quiet</span> <i>row</i>, Red Lion street.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/doodad.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c007'>R.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Racket</span> <i>court</i>, Fleet street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rag</span> <i>alley</i>, Golden lane, Redcross -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rag Fair</span>, 1. East Smithfield. 2. Rosemary -lane. Here old cloaths are sold -every day, by multitudes of people standing -in the streets; there is here a place -called the ‘Change, where all the shops -<span class='pageno' id='Page_242'>242</span>sell old cloaths: it is remarkable that -many of the old cloaths shops in Rosemary -lane, where this daily market is -kept, deal for several thousand pounds a -year.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rag</span> <i>street</i>, Hockley in the hole.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ragdale</span> <i>court</i>, Millman street, near Red -Lion street, Holborn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ragged</span> <i>row</i>, Goswell street.‖</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ragged Staff</span> <i>alley</i>, Fleet street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ragged Staff</span> <i>court</i>, Drury lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Raindeer</span> <i>court</i>, in the Strand.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Raine’s</span> <i>Hospital</i>, in Fowden Fields in the -parish of St. George, Ratcliff Highway, a -handsome building erected by Mr. Henry -Raine, brewer, in the year 1737, who endowed -it by a deed of gift with a perpetual -annuity of 240<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and added -the sum of 4000<i>l.</i> in South sea annuities, -amounting to about 4400<i>l.</i> to be laid out -in a purchase.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The children of this hospital, which -contains forty-eight girls, are taken out of -a parish school almost contiguous to it, -erected in the year 1719, by the above -Mr. Raine, at the expence of about 2000<i>l.</i> -and he likewise endowed it with a perpetual -annuity of 60<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The children are supplied with all the -necessaries of life, and taught to read, -write, sew, and household work, to qualify -<span class='pageno' id='Page_243'>243</span>them for service, to which they are put, -after having been three years upon the -foundation. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ralph’s</span> <i>key</i>, Thames street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ram</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Cock lane.* 2. Cow Cross, -Smithfield.* 3. St. John’s street, Spitalfields.* -4. Rotherhith Wall.* 5. Wright -street, Rotherhith.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ram’s Head</span> <i>court</i>, Moor lane, Fore street, -Moorgate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ramsay’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, in Horns yard, Cloth -Fair, was founded by Dame Mary Ramsey, -relict of Mr. Thomas Ramsey, some -time Lord Mayor, about the year 1596, -for three poor women, who formerly received -coals and cloaths; but at present -only 2<i>s.</i> <i>per</i> week each. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rampant Lion</span> <i>yard</i>, Nightingale lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Randal</span> <i>alley</i>, Rotherhith Wall.†</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i263.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>View of Ranelagh.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>B. Green sc. Oxon.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Ranelagh Gardens</span>, at Chelsea; so called -from their formerly belonging to the -Earl of Ranelagh. This is one of those -public places of pleasure which is not to -be equalled in Europe, and is the resort -of people of the first quality. Though its -gardens are beautiful, it is more to be admired -for the amphitheatre. This is a -circular building, the external diameter is -185 feet, round the whole is an arcade, -and over that a gallery with a balustrade -(to admit the company into the upper -<span class='pageno' id='Page_244'>244</span>boxes) except where the entrances break -the continuity. Over this are the windows -(as may be seen in the print) and it -terminates with the roof. The internal -diameter is 150 feet, and the architecture -of the inside corresponds with the outside, -except that over every column, between -the windows, termini support the roof. -In the middle of the area, where the orchestra -was at first designed, is a chimney -having four faces. This makes it warm -and comfortable in bad weather. The -orchestra fills up the place of one of the -entrances. The entertainment consists of -a fine band of music with an organ, accompanied -by the best voices. The regale -is tea and coffee.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ranger’s</span> <i>yard</i>, York street, Jermain -street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rat</span> <i>alley</i>, Great Eastcheap.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ratcliff</span>, by Upper Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ratcliff School</span>, was founded by Nicholas -Gibson, Sheriff of this city, in the -year 1537, for the education of sixty poor -children; the master had a salary of 10<i>l.</i> -and the usher 6<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> <i>per annum</i>, at -that time very considerable sums: at present -the master has 23<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> and the -usher 9<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> a year. This house belonging -to the adjoining almshouses, is -<span class='pageno' id='Page_245'>245</span>under the management of the Coopers -company. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ratcliff</span> <i>cross</i>, Ratcliff.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ratcliff</span> <i>highway</i>, near Upper Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ratcliff Highway</span> <i>street</i>, Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ratcliff</span> <i>row</i>, near Old Street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ratcliff</span> <i>square</i>, Ratcliff.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rathbone</span> <i>place</i>, Oxford street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ray’s</span> <i>court</i>, Cross lane, Lukener’s lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Read’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Long lane, Smithfield.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rebecca’s</span> <i>yard</i>, East Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rebel’s</span> <i>row</i>, near St. George’s church, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Reckman’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Limehouse bridge.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Record Office</span>, in the Tower, is kept in -Wakefield’s Tower, which joins to the -Bloody Tower, near Traitor’s Gate; and -consists of three rooms one above another, -and a large round room where the rolls -are kept. These are all handsomely -wainscoted, the wainscot being framed -into presses round each room, within -which are shelves, and repositories for the -records; and for the easier finding of -them, the year of each reign is inscribed -on the inside of these presses, and the records -placed accordingly.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Within these presses, which amount to -fifty-six in number, are deposited all the -rolls from the first year of the reign of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_246'>246</span>King John, to the beginning of the reign -of Richard III. but those after this last -period are kept in the Rolls chapel. See -<span class='sc'>Rolls</span> <i>Office</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The records in the Tower, among -other things, contain, the foundation of -abbies, and other religious houses; the -ancient tenures of all the lands in England, -with a survey of the manors; the original -of our laws and statutes; proceedings of -the courts of common law and equity; -the rights of England to the dominion of -the British seas; leagues and treaties with -foreign Princes; the achievements of -England in foreign wars; the settlement -of Ireland, as to law and dominion; the -forms of submission of the Scottish Kings; -ancient grants of our Kings to their subjects; -privileges and immunities granted -to cities and corporations during the period -abovementioned; enrollments of -charters and deeds made before the conquest; -the bounds of all the forests in -England, with the several respective -rights of the inhabitants to common of -pasture, and many other important records, -all regularly disposed, and referred -to in near a thousand folio indexes. <i>Chamberlain’s -Present State.</i> <i>Strype’s Stowe.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>This office is kept open, and attendance -<span class='pageno' id='Page_247'>247</span>constantly given, from seven o’clock -till one, except in the months of December, -January, and February, when it is -open only from eight to one, except on -Sundays and holidays. A search here is -half a guinea, for which you may peruse -any one subject a year.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Recorder</span> <i>of London</i>. This officer ought -always to be a learned Lawyer, well versed -in the customs of the city. He is not only -the chief Assistant to the Lord Mayor in -matters of law and justice; but takes -place in councils and in courts before any -man that hath not been Lord Mayor: he -speaks in the name of the City upon extraordinary -occasions; usually reads and presents -their addresses to the King; and -when seated upon the bench delivers the -sentence of the court. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Bull</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* -2. St. Olave’s street, Southwark.* -3. Thames street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Bull</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Fore street, Cripplegate.* -2. Red Bull alley.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Bull</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Ailesbury street, St. -John’s street, Clerkenwell.* 2. Islington.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Cow</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Church lane, Rag Fair.* -2. Old street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Cow</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Church lane, Caple -street.* 2. Rotherhithe Wall.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_248'>248</span><span class='sc'>Red Cow</span> <i>lane</i>, Mile-end turnpike.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Redcross</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Jewin street, Redcross -street. 2. By London Bridge. 3. Long -Ditch, Westminster. 4. St. Margaret’s -hill, Southwark. 5. Old street. 6. Redcross -street, in the Mint.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Redcross</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Cow lane. 2. In the -Minories. 3. Old Bailey. 4. Tower -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Redcross Street Library.</span> See <i>Dr.</i> -<span class='sc'>Williams’s Library</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Redcross</span> <i>square</i>, Jewin street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Redcross</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Extends from Cripplegate -to Barbican: at the upper end of -this street, opposite the west end of Beach -lane, stood a red cross, which gave name -to this street. <i>Maitland.</i> 2. Nightingale -lane, East Smithfield. 3. In the Park, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Redcross Street School</span>, was founded -in the year 1709, by Dame Eleanor Hollis, -who endowed it with 62<i>l.</i> 3<i>s.</i> <i>per annum</i>, -in ground rents; for the education -of fifty poor girls; but by additional benefactions -the revenue is increased to 80<i>l.</i> -2<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This school being kept in the same -house with that of the parish boys of St. -Giles’s, Cripplegate, it is generally taken -for the parish girls charity school.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Gate</span> <i>court</i>, in the Minories.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_249'>249</span><span class='sc'>Red Hart</span> <i>court</i>, Fore street, Cripplegate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Redhill’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Vine street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Horse</span> <i>yard</i>, Glasshouse yard.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* -2. St. Catharine’s, Tower hill.* 3. -Cow Cross, Smithfield.* 4. St. John’s street, -Smithfield.* 5. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* -6. In the Minories.* 7. Peter’s -street, St. John’s street, Westminster.* 8. -Thames street.* 9. Tower Ditch.* 10. -Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>back court</i>, Charterhouse lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Addle hill, by Thames -street.* 2. Barnaby street, Southwark.* -3. Bennet’s hill, Thames street.* 4. Bennet’s -street, Southwark.* 5. Brick lane.* -6. St. Catharine’s lane.* 7. Castle yard, -Holborn.* 8. Charterhouse lane, by Charterhouse -square.* 9. Cock lane, Snow -hill.* 10. Drury lane.* 11. Fleet street.* -12. Grub street.* 13. Holiwell lane.* -14. Kingsland road.* 15. London Wall.* -16. Long Acre.* 17. Red Lion alley, St. -Margaret’s hill.* 18. Red Lion street, -Spitalfields.* 19. Long alley, Moor fields.* -20. Silver street, Cripplegate.* -21. Watling street, St. Paul’s church yard.* -22. Wheeler street, Spitalfields.* -23. White Hart yard.* 24. Windmill -hill.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_250'>250</span><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>inn yard</i>, Bishopsgate street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>market</i>, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion Market</span> <i>passage</i>, Whitecross -street, Cripplegate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>mews</i>, Cavendish street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>passage</i>, Fetter lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>square</i>, by Red Lion street, Holborn. -A handsome square, adorned with -a lofty obelisk placed upon a pedestal in -the center.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>street</i>, 1. In the Borough.* 2. -A very neat well-built street, leading to -Clerkenwell.* 3. St. George’s Fields.* 4. -High Holborn.* 5. Spitalfields market.* -6. Wapping.* 7. Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Lion</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Cavendish street.* 2. -Church street, Lambeth.* 3. Great Warner’s -street.* 4. Houndsditch.* 5. Long -lane, Smithfield.* 6. Long Acre.* 7. -Lower Shadwell.* 8. Red Lion street.* -9. Star street, Clerkenwell.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Maid</span> <i>lane</i>, near the Hermitage.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Rose</span> <i>alley</i>, Whitecross street, Old -street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Red Wood</span> <i>alley</i>, near Skinner’s street, -Bishopsgate street without.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Reddish</span> <i>row</i>, Red Maid lane, Wapping.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Reeve’s</span> <i>mews</i>, Audley street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Register’s Office</span> <i>in Chancery</i>, Symond’s -Inn, Chancery lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_251'>251</span><span class='sc'>Register Office</span> <i>of Deeds</i>, for the county -of Middlesex, Bell yard, Fleet street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>City</i> <span class='sc'>Remembrancer</span>, an officer who on -certain days attends the Lord Mayor. -His business is to put his Lordship in -mind of the select days when he is to go -abroad with the Aldermen, &c. and to -attend the parliament house during the -sessions, in order to make a report to the -Lord Mayor of what passes there.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>The King’s</i> <span class='sc'>Remembrancer’s Office</span>, in -the Inner Temple. An office belonging -to the court of Exchequer, in which -there are eight sworn Clerks, two of -whom are Secondaries.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Here are entered the state of all the accounts -relating to the King’s revenue, for -customs, excise, subsidies: all aids granted -to the King in Parliament; and every -thing relating to his Majesty’s revenue, -whether certain or casual: all securities, -either by bonds or recognizances, given to -the King by accountants and officers: all -proceedings upon any statute by information -for customs, excise, or any other penal -law: all proceedings upon the said bonds -or recognizances, or any other bonds taken -in the King’s name, by officers appointed -for that purpose under the great seal of -England, and transmitted hither for recovery -thereof, are properly in this office, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_252'>252</span>from whence issue forth process to cause -all accountants to come in and account; -For there being a court of equity in the -court of Exchequer, all proceedings relating -to it are in this office. <i>Chamberlain’s -Present State.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>The Lord Treasurers</i> <span class='sc'>Remembrancer’s -Office</span>, also belongs to the court of Exchequer. -In this office process is made -against all Sheriffs, Receivers, Bailiffs, &c. -for their accounts, and many other things -of moment, as estreats, rules, &c. All -charters and letters patent, upon which -any rents are referred to the King, are -transcribed, and sent into this office by the -Clerk of the petty bag, in order to be -transmitted to the Clerk of the pipe, that -process may be made to recover the money -by the Comptroller of the pipe. Out -of this office process is likewise made to -levy the King’s fee farm rents, &c.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In short, when the Auditors of the revenue -have made schedules of such arrears, -and transmitted them to the Remembrancer, -the state of all imprest accounts, -and all other accounts whatsoever, are entered -in this office, as well as in that of -the King’s Remembrancer. Both this -and the other office are in the King’s gift. -<i>Chamberlain’s Present State.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_253'>253</span><i>Court of</i> <span class='sc'>Requests</span>. See <i>Court of</i> <span class='sc'>Conscience</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Reygate</span>, a large market town in Surry, -situated in the valley of Holmsdale, -twenty-four miles from London, and surrounded -on each side with hills. It is an -ancient borough, and had a castle, built -by the Saxons, on the east side of the -town, some ruins of which are still to be -seen, particularly a long vault with a room -at the end, large enough to hold 500 -persons, where the Barons who took up -arms against King John are said to have -had their private meetings. Its market -house was once a chapel dedicated to -Thomas Becket. The neighbourhood -abounds with fullers earth and medicinal -plants.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the south side of the town is a large -house, formerly a priory: it belongs to -the late Mr. Parsons’s family, and is -beautified with plantations, and a large -piece of water. It has two rooms, each -fifty feet long, and of a proportionable -breadth; but the ceilings are much too -low. The house and gardens are on every -side surrounded with hills, so as to render -the prospect very romantic.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In this town the late celebrated Lord -Shaftesbury had an house, to which he -retired to seclude himself from company. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_254'>254</span>It is now in the possession of a private -gentleman, who has laid out and planted -a small spot of ground, in so many parts, -as to comprise whatever can be supposed -in the most noble seats. It may properly -be called a model, and is called by the -inhabitants of Reygate, <i>The world in one -acre</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rhodes</span> <i>yard</i>, Bishopsgate street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Richard’s</span> <i>court</i>, Lime street, Leadenhall -street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Richbell</span> <i>court</i>, Red Lion street, Holborn.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Richmond</span>, a village in Surry, twelve miles -from London. This is reckoned the finest -village in the British dominions, and has -therefore been termed the <i>Frescati</i> of -England. It was anciently the seat of -our Monarchs, and the palace from its -splendor was called <i>Shene</i>, which in the -Saxon tongue signifies bright or shining; -Here King Edward III. died of grief for -the loss of his heroic son Edward the -Black Prince; and here died Anne the -wife of Richard II. who first taught the -English women the use of the side saddle; -for before her time they were used to ride -astride; Richard, however, was so afflicted -at her death, that it gave him such a dislike -to the place where it happened, that -he defaced the fine palace; but it was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_255'>255</span>repaired and beautified afresh by King -Henry V. who also founded near it three -religious houses. In the year 1497, this -palace was destroyed by fire, when King -Henry VII. was there; but in 1501 -that Prince caused it to be new built, -and commanded that the village should be -called Richmond; he having borne the -title of Earl of Richmond, before he obtained -the crown by the defeat and death of -Richard III. Henry VII. died here; and -here also his grand-daughter Queen Elizabeth -breathed her last. On the ground -where formerly stood a part of the old -palace, the Earl of Cholmondeley has a -seat, as has also Mr. Wray.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The present palace, which is finely situated, -is a very plain edifice built by the -Duke of Ormond, who received a grant -of a considerable space of land about -Richmond, from King William III. as a -reward for his military services; but it devolved -to the Crown on that Duke’s attainder, -in the beginning of the reign of -King George I. and this house was by his -present Majesty confirmed to the late -Queen Caroline, in case she became -Queen Dowager of England.</p> - -<p class='c004'>His Majesty took great delight here, -and made several improvements in the -palace, while her Majesty amused herself -<span class='pageno' id='Page_256'>256</span>at her royal dairy house, Merlin’s cave, -the Hermitage, and the other improvements -which she made in the park and -gardens of this delightful retreat.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Though the palace is unsuitable to the -dignity of a King of England, the gardens -are extremely fine, without offering a -violence to nature; and Pope’s advice with -respect to planting, may be considered as -a very accurate description of the beauties -to be found here.</p> -<div class='lg-container-b c024'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>To build, to plant, whatever you intend,</div> - <div class='line'>To rear the column, or the arch to bend;</div> - <div class='line'>To swell the terrace, or to sink the grot,</div> - <div class='line'>In all let Nature never be forgot:</div> - <div class='line'>Consult the genius of the place in all,</div> - <div class='line'>That tells the waters or to rise or fall;</div> - <div class='line'>Or helps th’ ambitious hill the heav’ns to scale,</div> - <div class='line'>Or scoops in circling theatres the vale;</div> - <div class='line'>Calls in the country, catches op’ning glades,</div> - <div class='line'>Joins willing woods, and varies shades from shades;</div> - <div class='line'>Now breaks, or now directs th’intending lines;</div> - <div class='line'>Paints as you plant, and as you work, designs.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>In short, almost every thing here has an -agreeable wildness, and a pleasing irregularity, -that cannot fail to charm all who -are in love with nature, and afford a much -higher and more lasting satisfaction than -the stiff decorations of art, where the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_257'>257</span>artist loses sight of nature which alone -ought to direct his hand.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On entering these rural walks, you are -conducted to the dairy, a neat but low -brick building, to which there is an ascent -by a flight of steps; in the front is a -handsome angular pediment. The walls -on the inside are covered with stucco, and -the house is furnished suitably to a royal -dairy, the utensils for the milk being of -the most beautiful china.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Passing by the side of a canal, and thro’ -a grove of trees, the temple presents itself -to view, situated on a mount. It is a circular -dome crowned with a ball, and supported -by Tuscan columns, with a circular -altar in the middle, and to this temple -there is an ascent by very steep slopes.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Returning by the dairy, and crossing -the gravel walk, which leads from the -palace to the river, you come to a wood, -which you enter by a walk terminated -by the Queen’s pavilion, a neat elegant -structure, wherein is seen a beautiful -chimney-piece, taken from a design in the -addition to Palladio, and a model of a -palace intended to be built in this place.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In another part of the wood is the -Duke’s summer house, which has a lofty -arched entrance, and the roof rising to a -point is terminated by a ball.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_258'>258</span>On leaving the wood you come to the -summer house on the terrace, a light small -building with very large and lofty windows, -to give a better view of the country, -and particularly of that noble seat -called Sion house. In this edifice are two -good pictures, representing the taking of -Vigo by the Duke of Ormond.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Passing through a labyrinth, you see, -near a pond, Merlin’s cave, a Gothic -building thatched; within which are the -following figures in wax, Merlin, an ancient -British enchanter; the excellent and -learned Queen Elizabeth, and a Queen of -the Amazons; here is also a library consisting -of a well chosen collection of the -works of modern authors neatly bound in -vellum.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On leaving this edifice, which has an -antique and venerable appearance, you -come to a large oval of above 500 feet in -diameter, called the Forest oval, and turning -from hence you have a view of the -Hermitage, a grotesque building, which -seems as if it had stood many hundred -years, though it was built by order of -her late Majesty. It has three arched -doors, and the middle part which projects -forward, is adorned with a kind of ruinous -angular pediment; the stones of the whole -edifice appear as if rudely laid together, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_259'>259</span>and the venerable look of the whole is -improved by the thickness of the solemn -grove behind, and the little turret on the -top with a bell, to which you may ascend -by a winding walk. The inside is in the -form of an octagon with niches, in which -are the busts of the following truly great -men, who by their writings were an honour -not only to their country, but to human -nature. The first on the right hand -is the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton, and -next to him the justly celebrated Mr. -John Locke. The first on the left hand -is Mr. Woolaston, the author of The Religion -of Nature displayed; next to him is -the reverend and learned Dr. Samuel -Clarke, and in a kind of alcove is the truly -honourable Mr. Robert Boyle.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Leaving this seat of contemplation, you -pass through fields cloathed with grass; -through corn fields, and a wild ground -interspersed with broom and furze, which -afford excellent shelter for hares and pheasants, -and here there are great numbers of -the latter very tame. From this pleasing -variety, in which nature appears in all -her forms of cultivation and barren wildness, -you come to an amphitheatre formed -by young elms, and a diagonal wilderness, -through which you pass to the forest walk, -which extends about half a mile, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_260'>260</span>then passing through a small wilderness, -you leave the gardens.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At the extremity of the garden on the -north east, is another house that belonged -to her Majesty, and near it the house of -his late Royal Highness Frederic Prince -of Wales, which is on the inside adorned -with stucco. Opposite the Prince’s house -is the Princess Amelia’s, built by a Dutch -architect, the outside of which is painted.</p> - -<p class='c004'>To the west of the gardens are seen the -fine houses of several of the nobility -and gentry, particularly the Lady Buckworth’s, -and Mr. Geoffrey’s, and extending -the view across the Thames, there -appears Isleworth.</p> - -<p class='c004'>But to return to the village of Richmond. -The Green is extremely pleasant, -it being levelled and enclosed in a handsome -manner; it is also surrounded with -lofty elms, and adorned on each side with -the houses of persons of distinction. A -sun dial is here affixed in a pretty taste, -encompassed with seats: this, and the -railing in of the Green, were at the sole -charge of her late Majesty.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Among the pretty seats on this spacious -Green, is a handsome edifice that formerly -belonged to Sir Charles Hedges, and since -to Sir Matthew Decker, in the gardens of -which is said to be the longest and highest -<span class='pageno' id='Page_261'>261</span>hedge of holly that was ever seen, with -several other hedges of evergreens; there -are here also vistas cut through woods, -grottos, fountains, a fine canal, a decoy, -summer house and stove houses, in which -the anana, or pine-apple, was first brought -to maturity in this kingdom.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the north east side of the Green is -a fine house, which belonged to the late -Mr. Heydigger, and a little beyond it that -of the Duke of Cumberland; passing by -which, you come to a small park belonging -to his Majesty, well stocked with -deer, and opposite to it is the entrance -into the gardens.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The town runs up the hill above a mile -from the village of East Shene, to the -New Park, with the royal gardens sloping -all the way towards the Thames; whose -tide reaches to this village, though it is -sixty miles from the sea; which is a -greater distance than the tide is carried by -any other river in Europe.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the ascent of the hill are wells of a -purging mineral water, frequented during -the summer by a great deal of good company. -On the top there is a most extensive -and beautiful prospect of the country, -interspersed with villages and inclosures; -the Thames is seen running beneath, and -the landscape is improved by the many -<span class='pageno' id='Page_262'>262</span>fine seats that are scattered along its -banks.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There is here an almshouse built by -Dr. Duppa, Bishop of Winchester in the -reign of King Charles II. for the support -of ten poor widows, pursuant to a vow -made by that Prelate during that Prince’s -exile. There is another almshouse endowed -with above 100<i>l.</i> a year, which, since -its foundation, has been considerably increased -by John Mitchell, Esq; Here are -also two charity schools, one for fifty boys, -and the other for fifty girls.</p> - -<p class='c004'>New Park, in Surry, is situated between -Kingston and Richmond. This is one of -the best parks in England; it was made -in the reign of King Charles I. and inclosed -with a brick wall, said to be eleven miles -in compass. In this park there is a little -hill cast up, called King Henry’s Mount, -from which is a prospect of six counties, -with a distant view of the city of London, -and of Windsor Castle.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The new lodge in this park, built by -the late Sir Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, -is a very elegant edifice. It is built -of stone in a square form, with wings on -each side of brick. It stands on a rising -ground, and commands a very good prospect -of the park, especially of that fine -piece of water which is in it, and which -<span class='pageno' id='Page_263'>263</span>might be enlarged and brought across the -vista which is in the front of the house, -through a wood. This park is the largest -of any within the environs of London, except -that of Windsor, and the finest too; -for though it has little more than a wild -variety of natural beauties to shew, yet -these are such as cannot fail to please those -who are as much delighted with views in -their rudest appearance, as in all the elegance -of art and design. The Princess -Amelia resides in the old lodge; the new -lodge is not inhabited.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Richmond</span> <i>buildings</i>, Dean street, Soho.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Richmond’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, in Goose alley, -Sea coal lane, was erected by the company -of Armourers, in the year 1559, pursuant -to the will of Mr. John Richmond, for -eight poor old men and women, who, according -to the discretion of the company, -receive from five to fifteen shillings <i>per -annum</i> each. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Richmond</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Old Soho.† 2. Prince’s -street, Soho.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rickington’s</span> <i>court</i>, Coleman street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rickman’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Narrow street, Limehouse.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rickmansworth</span>, a town in Hertfordshire, -22 miles from London, is situated -in a low moorish soil on the borders of -Buckinghamshire, near the river Coln. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_264'>264</span>It has a market on Saturday, and is governed -by a Constable and two Headboroughs. -The several mills on the -streams near this town cause a great quantity -of wheat to be brought to it. Here -is a charity school for twenty boys and -ten girls, with an almshouse for five -widows, and another for four. In the -neighbourhood is a warren hill, where -the sound of the trumpet is repeated -twelve times by the echo.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rider’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Little Newport street.† -2. Rider’s street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rider’s</span> <i>street</i>, St. James’s street, Westminster.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rider’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Kent street, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Riseby’s</span> <i>walk</i>, Limehouse.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rising Sun</span> <i>alley</i>, St. John’s street, Smithfield.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rising Sun</span> <i>court</i>, St. John’s street, Smithfield.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rising Sun</span> <i>passage</i>, Clement’s lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rivers</span> <i>street</i>, Savage Gardens; so called -from the Lord Savage, Earl Rivers.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Robert’s</span> <i>dock</i>, Rotherhith Wall.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Robert’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Brick lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Robin Hood</span> <i>alley</i>, Blackman street, Southwark.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Robin Hood</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Bell alley.* 2. Bow lane, -Cheapside.* 3. Grub street, Fore -street* 4. Near Morgan’s lane.* 5. Shoe -<span class='pageno' id='Page_265'>265</span>lane.* 6. In the Strand.* 7. Thames -street.* 8. Tooley street, Southwark.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Robin Hood</span> <i>lane</i>, Poplar.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Robin Hood</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Charles street.* 2. -Leather lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Robinson’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Friday street, Cheapside.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rochester</span> <i>row</i>, Tothill fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rochester</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Dirty lane. 2. Stony -street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Roebuck</span> <i>alley</i>, Turnmill street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Roehampton</span>, in Surry, is situated between -Putney Heath and East Shene, and is one -of the pleasantest villages near London, -having many fine houses of merchants -scattered about, so as not to resemble a -street or regular town.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rogers’s</span> <i>Almshouse</i>, in Hart street, near -Cripplegate, was erected by the Lord -Mayor and citizens of London, in the -year 1612, pursuant to the will of Mr. -Robert Rogers, citizen and leatherseller, -for six poor men and their wives, who -have an annual allowance of 4<i>l.</i> each -couple. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rogues Well</span>, Stepney fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rolls Office and Chapel</span>, in Chancery -lane, a house founded by King Henry III. -in the place where stood a Jew’s house -forfeited to that Prince in the year 1233. -In this chapel all such Jews and infidels -<span class='pageno' id='Page_266'>266</span>as were converted to the Christian faith, -were ordained, and in the buildings belonging -to it, were appointed a sufficient -maintenance: by which means a great -number of converts were baptized, instructed -in the doctrines of Christianity, -and lived under a learned Christian appointed -to govern them: but in the year -1290, all the Jews being banished, the -number of converts decreased, and in the -year 1377, the house with its chapel was -annexed by patent to the Keeper of the -Rolls of Chancery.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The chapel, which is of brick, pebbles -and some freestone, is sixty feet long, and -thirty-three in breadth; the doors and -windows are Gothic, and the roof covered -with slate. In this chapel the rolls -are kept in presses fixed to the sides, and -ornamented with columns and pilasters of -the Ionic and Composite orders.</p> - -<p class='c004'>These rolls contain all the records, as -charters, patents, &c. since the beginning -of the reign of Richard III. those before -that time being deposited in the Record -Office in the Tower: and these being -made up in rolls of parchment gave occasion -to the name.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At the north west angle of this chapel -is a bench, where the Master of the Rolls -hears causes in Chancery. And attendance -<span class='pageno' id='Page_267'>267</span>is daily given in this chapel from ten -o’clock till twelve, for taking in and paying -out money, according to order of -court, and for giving an opportunity to -those who come for that purpose to -search the rolls.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Minister of the chapel is appointed -by the Master of the Rolls, and divine -service is performed there on Sundays and -holidays at about eleven and three.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the walls are several old monuments, -particularly at the East end is that -of Dr. Young Master of the Rolls, who -died in the year 1516. In a well wrought -stone coffin lies the effigies of Dr. Young, -in a scarlet gown; his hands lie across -upon his breast, and a cap with corners -covers his ears. On the wall just above -him, our Saviour is looking down upon -him, his head and shoulders appearing -out of the clouds, accompanied by two -angels.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The office of the Rolls is under the government -of the Master of the Rolls, whose -house is by the chapel, and has been lately -rebuilt in a handsome manner at the public -expence.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The place of Master of the Rolls is an -office of great dignity, and is in the gift -of the King, either for life, or during -pleasure. He is always the principal -<span class='pageno' id='Page_268'>268</span>Master in Chancery, and has in his gift the -offices of the Six Clerks in Chancery; of -the Two Examiners of the same court, -and of the Clerk of the Chapel of the -Rolls, who acts immediately under him in -that office. He has several revenues belonging -to the office of the Rolls, and by -act of Parliament receives a salary of -1200<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i> out of the hanaper. -<i>Stowe.</i> <i>Maitland.</i> <i>Chamberlain’s Present -State.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rolls</span> <i>buildings</i>, Fetter lane; so called from -their belonging to the Rolls office.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rolls Liberty</span>, a small district out of the -government of the city. It begins at the -corner of Cursitor’s alley, next to Chancery -lane, taking in the south side to the -Rose tavern, where it crosses into White’s -alley, which it takes all in except two or -three houses on each side, next to Fetter -lane; and there it crosses into the Rolls -garden, which it likewise takes in; and -from thence running into Chancery lane, -by Serjeant’s Inn, extends into Jack-a-napes -lane, about the middle of which it -crosses into Pope’s Head court, which it -takes all in, as it does the east side of -Bell yard, almost to the end next Temple -Bar, except a few houses on the back side -of Crown court, which is in the city liberty; -and then crossing Bell yard, near -<span class='pageno' id='Page_269'>269</span>Temple Bar, runs cross the houses into -Sheer lane, taking in all the east side; and -again crossing over to Lincoln’s Inn New -Court, runs up to the pump by the iron -rails, where it crosses over into Chancery -lane, and thence to the corner of Cursitor’s -alley. <i>Stowe.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rood</span> <i>lane</i>, Fenchurch street; thus named -from a holy rood or cross there.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Roomland</span> <i>lane</i>, Thames street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ropemakers</span> <i>alley</i>, Little Moorfields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ropemakers</span> <i>field</i>, Limehouse.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Roper</span> <i>lane</i>, Crucifix lane, Barnaby street, -Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rope</span> <i>walk</i>, 1. Near Cut throat lane, Upper -Shadwell. 2. Near Elm row, Sun tavern -fields. 3. Goswell street. 4. St. John -street, Smithfield. 5. King David’s lane. -6. Knockfergus, near Rosemary lane. 7. -Near Nightingale lane. 8. Petticoat lane. -9. Rotherhith. 10. Near Shad Thames. -11. Sun tavern fields. 12. Near Whitechapel.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Bank side, Southwark.* 2. -Bishopsgate street without.* 3. East -Smithfield.* 4. Fleet lane, Fleet market.* -5. Golden lane, Barbican.* 6. High -Holborn.* 7. St. Martin’s lane, Charing -Cross.* 8. Rose street, Long Acre.* 9. -Saffron hill.* 10. Shoreditch.* 11. -Sugarbaker’s lane, Duke’s Place.* 12. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_270'>270</span>Tooley street, Southwark.* 13. Turnmill -street.* 14. Widegate alley, Bishopsgate -street without.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose and Ball</span> <i>court</i>, Addle hill, by -Great Carter lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose and Crown</span> <i>alley</i>, near Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose and Crown</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Church lane.* -2. St. Catharine’s lane.* 3. Cock lane, -Shoreditch.* 4. Fashion street, Artillery -lane, Spitalfields.* 5. Foster lane, Cheapside.* -6. Gray’s Inn lane.* 7. Holiwell -street.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Moorfields.* -10. Rosemary lane.* 11. Shoe lane, -Fleet street.* 12. Sutton street.* 13. -Whitechapel.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose and Crown</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. St. Giles’s -street.* 2. King street, St. James’s square.* -3. Long alley, Moorfields.* 4. Rotherhith.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose and Rainbow</span> <i>court</i>, Aldersgate -street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Aldermanbury.* 2. Beer lane, -Tower street.* 3. Bishopsgate street.* -4. Goddard’s rents.* 5. Rochester street.* -6. Thieving lane.* 7. Tower street.* 8. -Bow lane.* 9. Wheeler street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose</span> <i>lane</i>, 1. Spitalfields.* 2. Whitehorse -street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Brick lane.* 2. Gravel -lane.* 3. Hog lane, Shoreditch.* 4. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_271'>271</span>Long Acre.* 5. St. Martin’s lane.* 6. -Newgate street.* 7. Newport market.* -8. Spitalfields.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rose</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Catharine wheel alley.* 2. -Newington Butts.* 3. Whitehorse street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rosemary Branch</span> <i>alley</i>, Rosemary -lane.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rosemary</span> <i>lane</i>, extends from the bottom -of the Minories to Wellclose square, and -is chiefly taken up with old cloaths shops.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rosewell’s</span> <i>court</i>, Great White Lion street, -Seven Dials.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rosewell’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Barnaby street, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rotherhith</span>, vulgarly called Rederiff, -was anciently a village on the south east -of London, though it is now joined to -Southwark, and as it is situated along the -south bank of the Thames, is chiefly inhabited -by masters of ships, and other -seafaring people.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rotherhith</span> <i>School</i> was founded in the -year 1612, by Mr. Peter Hills and Mr. -Robert Bell, who endowed it with 3<i>l.</i> a -year, for the education of eight poor -seamens children. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rotherhith</span> <i>wall</i>, Jacob street, Rotherhith.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rotherhith Water Works</span>, situated at -the upper end of Rotherhith Wall, and -the lower end of Mill street, where the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_272'>272</span>engine is wrought by water from the river -Thames, which being brought in by the -tide is contained in the canals in the -neighbouring streets. By this engine a -sufficient quantity of water is raised to -supply two main pipes of a six inch bore, -whereby the neighbourhood is plentifully -supplied with Thames water.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rotten</span> <i>row</i>, Goswell street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Round</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Black Friars. 2. Black -Lion yard. 3. Blue Boar’s Head court, -Barbican. 4. Butler’s alley. 5. Jewin -street. 6. St. Martin’s le Grand. 7. Moses -and Aaron alley, Whitechapel. 8. Old -Bethlem. 9. Onslow street, Vine street, -Hatton Wall. 10. Sharp’s alley, Cow -Cross. 11. In the Strand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Round About</span> <i>alley</i>, Wapping dock.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Round Hoop</span> <i>court</i>, Whitecross street, -Cripplegate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal Exchange</span>, Cornhill. This edifice, -which is dedicated to the service of -commerce, was founded by Sir Thomas -Gresham, a merchant distinguished by -his abilities and great success in trade, -who proposed, that if the city would prepare -a proper spot, he would erect the -building at his own expence. This proposal -was accepted by the Lord Mayor -and citizens, who purchased some houses -between Cornhill and Threadneedle street, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_273'>273</span>and having caused them to be pulled down -and cleared away, the foundation of the -new building was laid on the 7th of June -1566, and carried on with such expedition, -that it was finished in November -1567.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This edifice was called the Bourse, but -it soon after changed its name; for on the -23d of January 1570, Queen Elizabeth, -attended by a great number of the nobility, -came from Somerset house, her palace -in the Strand, and passing through -Threadneedle street, dined with Sir Thomas -Gresham at his house in Bishopsgate -street, and after dinner returning through -Cornhill, entered the Bourse on the south -side, where having viewed every part except -the vaults, especially the gallery above -stairs, which extended round the whole -building, and was furnished with shops, -in which were sold all sorts of the finest -wares in the city, her Majesty caused this -edifice to be proclaimed in her presence, -by a herald and trumpet, <i>The Royal Exchange</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Sir Thomas Gresham, at his death, left -the building to his Lady, and after her decease -to the Lord Mayor and citizens, and -to the Mercers company, directing the -rents to support, under their inspection, -lectures on the sciences, at his dwelling -<span class='pageno' id='Page_274'>274</span>house, now Gresham College, and some -charities to the prisons.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The original building stood till the fire -of London in 1666, when it perished -amidst the general havoc: but it soon -arose with greater splendor than before. -The model of the present structure was first -shewn to King Charles II. who was well -pleased with it, it was however debated -whether they should build after that model -or not; for fear of launching out into -too great an expence: but the majority -desiring to have it a magnificent structure, -and imagining, that the shops above and -below stairs would in time reimburse -them, had the present edifice erected at -the expence of 80,000<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The ground plat of this building is 203 -feet in length; 171 feet in breadth, and -the area in the middle is 61 square -perches. This area is surrounded with a -substantial and regular stone building, -wrought in rustic. In each of the principal -fronts is a piazza, and in the center -are the grand entrances into the -area, under an arch which is extremely -lofty and noble; on each side that of the -principal front which is in Cornhill, are -Corinthian demi-columns supporting a -compass pediment; and in the intercolumniation -on each side, in the front next -<span class='pageno' id='Page_275'>275</span>the street, is a niche with the figures of -King Charles I. and his son Charles II. -in Roman habits, and well executed. -Over the aperture on the cornice between -the two pediments are the King’s arms in -relievo. On each side of this entrance is -a range of windows placed between demi-columns -and pilasters of the Composite -order, above which runs a balustrade. -The height of the building is fifty-six -feet, and from the center of this side rises -a lantern and turret, 178 feet high, on the -top of which is a fane in the form of a -grasshopper of polished brass, esteemed a -very fine piece of workmanship: a grasshopper -being the crest of Sir Thomas -Gresham’s arms.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The north front of the Royal Exchange -is adorned with pilasters of the Composite -order, but has neither columns nor statues -on the outside, and instead of the two -compass pediments has a triangular one.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Within the piazzas of these two fronts -are two spacious stair cases with iron rails, -and black marble steps; these lead into a -kind of gallery that extends round the -four sides of the building, and in which -were about two hundred shops, that -have been let from 20<i>l.</i> to 60<i>l.</i> a year -each; and a very considerable trade was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_276'>276</span>carried on here; but it has long declined, -and all the shops are deserted.</p> - -<p class='c004'>One side of this gallery is employed as -auction rooms for furniture, and in other -apartments above stairs are the Royal Exchange -Assurance office, &c. and in the -vaults are the pepper warehouse of the -East India company.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The inside of the area is surrounded -with piazzas like those of the south and -north fronts; forming ambulatories for -the merchants to shelter themselves from -the weather. Above the arches of these -piazzas is an entablature with curious enrichments; -and on the cornice a range of -pilasters with an entablature extending -round, and a compass pediment in the middle -of the cornice of each of the four sides. -Under that on the north are the King’s -arms; on the south those of the city; on -the east those of Sir Thomas Gresham; -and under the pediment on the west side -the arms of the company of Mercers, -with their respective enrichments.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In these intercolumns are twenty-four -niches, nineteen of which are filled with -the statues of the Kings and Queens of -England, standing erect, drafted in their -robes and with their regalia, except the -statues of Charles II. and George II. -which are dressed like the Cæsars.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_277'>277</span>These statues are, on the south side; -Edward I. Edward III. Henry V. Henry -VI. On the west side, Edward IV. Edward -V. with the crown hanging over his -head; Henry VII. and Henry VIII. On -the north side, Edward VI. Mary, Elizabeth, -James I. Charles I. Charles II. and -James II. And on the east side are William -and Mary in one niche, Queen Anne, -George I. and George II. All these statues -were painted and gilt, by a voluntary -subscription, in the year 1754.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The four niches that are vacant, are -those where Edward II. Richard II. -Henry IV. and Richard III. should have -been: upon which Maitland says, that -hence it seems that the city had no mind -to shew any respect to the said Kings, two -of whom took away their charters, and -the other two were usurpers. But why -Henry IV. should be excluded as an usurper, -and his brave son Henry V. and -Henry VI. be placed there, who only enjoyed -the crown in consequence of his -usurpation, is not easily accounted for. -Richard III. was indeed a monster of -cruelty: but Mary was no less cruel, and -yet a statue is here erected to her honour. -Though Edward II. and Richard II. took -away the charter of the city, King Charles -II. did so too, and yet has three statues at -<span class='pageno' id='Page_278'>278</span>the Royal Exchange; and his brother James -II. who has also a statue, followed his -brother’s steps, and not only humbled the -city, but caused an Alderman to be hanged -at his own door, without being allowed -on his trial the time necessary to send for -his witnesses.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Under the piazzas within the Exchange -are twenty-eight niches, all vacant except -two; one in the north west angle, where -is the statue of Sir Thomas Gresham, and -another at the south west, of Sir John -Barnard, who is perhaps the only citizen -of London, that has had the honour of -having his statue erected in his life-time -merely on account of his merit.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In short, in the center of the area -is erected, on a marble pedestal about -eight feet high, another statue of King -Charles II. in a Roman habit, executed -by Mr. Gibbon, and encompassed with -iron rails. On the south side of the pedestal, -under an imperial crown, a scepter, -sword, palm branches, and other decorations, -is the following inscription:</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c025'> - <div>Carolo II. Cæsari Britannico,</div> - <div>Patriæ Patri,</div> - <div>Regum Optimo, Clementissimo, Augustissimo,</div> - <div>Generis Humani Deliciis,</div> - <div>Utriusque Fortunæ Victori,</div> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_279'>279</span>Pacis Europæ Arbitro,</div> - <div>Marium Domino ac Vindici,</div> - <div>Societas Mercatorum Adventur. Angliæ,</div> - <div>Quæ per CCCC jam prope Annos</div> - <div>Regia benignitate floret,</div> - <div>Fidei intemeratæ & Gratitudinis æternæ,</div> - <div>Hoc Testimonium</div> - <div>Venerabunda posuit,</div> - <div>Anno Salutis Humanæ M. DC. LXXXIV.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>On the west side of this pedestal, is cut -in relievo, a Cupid resting his right hand -on a shield, containing the arms of -France and England quartered, and holding -in his left a rose.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the north side are the arms of Ireland -on a shield, supported by a Cupid.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the south side is the following inscription -on the base of the pedestal:</p> -<p class='c026'>‘This statue was repaired and beautified -by the company of Merchant -Adventurers of England, <i>anno</i> 1730; -John Hanbury, Esq; Governor.’</p> -<p class='c005'>On the east side are the arms of Scotland, -with a Cupid holding a thistle. All -done in relievo.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the area on the inside of the Royal -Exchange, merchants meet every day at -twelve at noon, and a prodigious concourse -of those of all nations continue there -till two, in order to transact business; but -<span class='pageno' id='Page_280'>280</span>soon after that hour the gates are shut up, -and not opened again till four. For the -readier dispatch of business, and that -every particular merchant may be easily -found, they are disposed in separated -classes, each of which have their particular -station, called their walk, as may -be seen at one view by the following -plan, by attending to which any merchant -may easily be found.</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i300.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><span class='sc'>North.</span><br />Threadneedle Street.<br /><br /><i>East Country Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Hamburgh Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Irish Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Scotch Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Dutch & Jewellers</i><br /><br /><i>Silkmans Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Norway Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Clothiers Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Salters Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Grocers & Druggists Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Turkey Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Brokers of Stock & Walk</i><br /><br /><span class='sc'>West.</span> Castle Alley.<br /><br /><i>Italian Walk</i><br /><br /><span class='sc'>East.</span><br />Sweetings Alley.<br /><br /><i>Canary Walk</i><br /><br /><i>East Indies Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Barbadoes Walk</i><br /><br /><i>French Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Portugal</i><br /><br /><i>Jamaica Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Armenian</i><br /><br /><i>Virginia Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Spanish Walk</i><br /><br /><i>Jews Walk</i><br /><br />Cornhill.<br /><span class='sc'>South.</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_281'>281</span> -<img src='images/i301.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic001'> -<p><i>Front of the Royal Exchange.</i><br /><i>S. Wale delin.</i> <i>J. Green sc. Oxon.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<p class='c005'>The Royal Exchange, without critical -examination, has something grand in it, -and the entrance would certainly appear to -more advantage if it were not incumbered -with a parcel of little shops. The arcade -or walks within the quadrangle have -something noble, but the upper part is in -a very bad taste. The statue of King -Charles II. in the middle of the area is a -good one. The other statues in the several -niches have been lately new painted -and gilt in parts. The painting is no -doubt very necessary for their preservation, -but it were to be wished the gilding of -them had been omitted, as it must give -foreigners of judgment (and such sometimes -frequent this place) a contemptible -opinion of our taste. The two statues, -one on each side the gate, of King Charles -I. and II. are particularly good. The -clock tower or steeple with Gothic windows -is unpardonable, and the cornices at -their angles are so broke, as to appear very -disgustful to an architect.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal Exchange Assurance Office</span>, -for assuring houses and other buildings, -goods, wares and merchandize from fire. -This corporation was established by act of -Parliament, at the same time with that of -the London Assurance, when it was enacted, -that such as should be admitted -<span class='pageno' id='Page_282'>282</span>members of these corporations, should be -each a distinct and separate body politic, -for the assurance of goods, ships and merchandize -at sea, or for lending money upon -bottomry.</p> - -<p class='c004'>That no other society should insure -ships, or lend money on bottomry for the -future; though any private person might -do it as usual.</p> - -<p class='c004'>And that each of these corporations, -in consideration of the many benefits that -might accrue to them by their charters, -should pay the sum of 300,000<i>l.</i> into his -Majesty’s Exchequer, for discharging the -debts of the civil list.</p> - -<p class='c004'>These corporations however met with -so little encouragement at first, that Maitland -says, the crown was obliged to remit -most part of the money.</p> - -<p class='c004'>By a second charter granted to this corporation, -they are impowered not only to -insure ships, but houses, goods and lives. -<i>Maitland.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>This society therefore, by this last mentioned -charter, assure all buildings, household -furniture, wearing apparel by special -agreement, and goods, wares, and merchandize, -the property of the assured, -except glass and china ware not in trade, -and all manner of writings, books of accompts, -notes, bills, bonds, tallies, ready -<span class='pageno' id='Page_283'>283</span>money, jewels, plate, pictures, gunpowder, -hay, straw, and corn unthreshed, from loss -or damage by fire, upon the following -conditions.</p> - -<p class='c004'>I. All manner of stone and brick buildings, -covered with slate, tile, or lead, -wherein no hazardous trades are carried -on, nor any hazardous goods deposited, -are considered as Common Assurances, -and are assured upon these terms: any -sum above 100<i>l.</i> and not exceeding 1000<i>l.</i> -at 2<i>s.</i> <i>per cent. per annum</i>; any sum above -1000<i>l.</i> and not exceeding 3000<i>l.</i> at 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> -<i>per cent. per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>II. To accommodate those who are desirous -of being assured for a term of years, -this corporation will assure on such buildings -or goods, any sum not exceeding 1000<i>l.</i> at -the rate of 12<i>s.</i> <i>per cent.</i> for seven years, -and as far as 2000<i>l.</i> at the rate of 14<i>s.</i> <i>per -cent.</i> without subjecting the assured to any -calls or contributions to make good losses.</p> - -<p class='c004'>III. Assurances on buildings and goods, -are deemed distinct and separate adventures; -so that the premium on goods is -not advanced by reason of any assurance -on the building wherein the goods are -kept, nor the premium on the building by -reason of any assurance on the goods.</p> - -<p class='c004'>IV. Plaister or timber buildings covered -with lead, tile, or slate, wherein no -<span class='pageno' id='Page_284'>284</span>hazardous trades are carried on, nor any -hazardous goods deposited; and goods or -merchandize not hazardous in such buildings, -are termed Hazardous Assurances, -and insured upon the following terms: -any sum above 100<i>l.</i> and not exceeding -1000<i>l.</i> at 3<i>s.</i> <i>per cent. per annum</i>: any -sum above 1000<i>l.</i> and not exceeding 2000<i>l.</i> -at 4<i>s.</i> <i>per cent. per annum</i>: and any sum -above 2000<i>l.</i> and not exceeding 3000<i>l.</i> at -5<i>s.</i> <i>per cent. per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>V. Hazardous trades, such as apothecaries, -colourmen, bread and bisket bakers, -ship and tallow chandlers, innholders and -stable-keepers, carried on in brick or stone -buildings, covered with slate, tile, or lead; -and hazardous goods, such as hemp, flax, -pitch, tar, tallow, and turpentine, deposited -in such buildings, may be assured at -the annual premiums, set down under the -head of Hazardous Assurances, in the -above article.</p> - -<p class='c004'>VI. Any of the above hazardous trades -carried on, or hazardous goods deposited in -timber or plaister buildings; earthen, -glass, or china ware in trade, and thatched -buildings, or goods therein, are termed -Doubly Hazardous Assurances, and may -be assured on the following premiums: -any sum above 100<i>l.</i> and not exceeding -1000<i>l.</i> at 5<i>s.</i> <i>per cent. per annum</i>: and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_285'>285</span>any sum above 1000<i>l.</i> and not exceeding -3000<i>l.</i> at 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> <i>per cent. per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>VII. Assurances of mills, wearing apparel, -and assurances to chemists, distillers, -and sugar-bakers, or any other assurances -more than ordinarily hazardous, -by reason of the trade, nature of the goods, -narrowness of the place, or other dangerous -circumstances, may be made by special -agreement.</p> - -<p class='c004'>VIII. Two dwelling houses, or any one -dwelling house, and the out-houses thereunto -belonging, or any one dwelling -house, and goods therein, may be included -in the sum of 100<i>l.</i> But when several -buildings, or buildings and goods are assured -in the same policy, the sum assured -on each is to be particularly mentioned.</p> - -<p class='c004'>IX. To prevent frauds, if any buildings -or goods assured by this corporation, are, -or shall be assured with any other corporation -or society, the policy granted by this -corporation is to be null and void, unless -such other assurance is allowed by endorsement -on the policy.</p> - -<p class='c004'>X. Every person upon application to -be assured with this company, is to deposite -8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> for the policy and mark, which -8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> is to be returned, if the assurance -proposed is not agreed to. No policy is -to be of any force, till the premium for -<span class='pageno' id='Page_286'>286</span>one year is paid. And for all subsequent -annual payments made at the office, the -assured are to take receipts, stamped with -the seal of the corporation, no other being -allowed of.</p> - -<p class='c004'>XI. No policy is to be extended, or -construed to extend to the assurance of -any hazardous buildings or goods, unless -they are expressly mentioned in the policy, -and the respective premium for such assurances -be paid for the same.</p> - -<p class='c004'>XII. No loss or damage by fire happening -by any invasion, foreign enemy, -or any military or usurped power whatsoever, -is to be made good.</p> - -<p class='c004'>XIII. All persons assured by this corporation, -are, upon any loss or damage by -fire, forthwith to give notice thereof by -letter or otherwise, to the Directors or Secretary, -at their office in the Royal Exchange, -London; and within fifteen days -after such fire, deliver in as particular an -account of their loss or damage, as the nature -of the case will admit of, and make -proof of the same, by the oath or affirmation -of themselves, and their domestics, or -servants, and by their books of accompts, -or other proper vouchers, as shall be required; -and also to procure a certificate -under the hands of the Minister and -Church-wardens, together with some -<span class='pageno' id='Page_287'>287</span>other reputable inhabitants of the parish, -not concerned in such loss, importing, -that they are well acquainted with the -character and circumstances of the sufferer -or sufferers; and do know, or verily believe, -that he, she, or they, have really and -by misfortune, sustained by such fire, the -loss and damage therein mentioned. And -in case any difference shall arise between -the corporation and the assured, touching -any loss or damage, such difference shall -be submitted to the judgment and determination -of arbitrators indifferently chosen, -whose award in writing shall be conclusive -and binding to all parties. And -when any loss or damage is settled and -adjusted, the sufferer or sufferers are to receive -immediate satisfaction for the same.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In adjusting losses on houses, no wainscot, -painting, sculpture, or carved work, -is to be valued at more than three shillings -<i>per</i> yard.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Any larger sum, and some of the goods -excepted in the preamble, may be assured -by special agreement.</p> - -<p class='c004'>For the timely assistance of such as are -assured, this corporation has several engines -and men, with proper instruments to -extinguish fires, and also porters for removing -goods, each of whom has a badge, -upon which is the figure of the Royal -<span class='pageno' id='Page_288'>288</span>Exchange, and the badges are all numbered; -of which all persons are desired to -take notice who intrust them with goods, -or have any complaint to make. The -same figure is fixed on buildings assured -by this corporation.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Royal Exchange Assurance office -is under the management of a Governor, -Sub-Governor, Deputy-Governor, and -twenty-four Directors; besides whom -there are a Treasurer, a Secretary, an -Accomptant, and several Clerks.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal Mews.</span> See the article <span class='sc'>Mews</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal Oak</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Barnaby street. 2. -Ratcliff.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal Oak</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Kent street, Southwark.* -2. Parker’s lane, Drury lane.* 3. -Peak street, Swallow street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal Oak</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Barnaby street, -Southwark.* 2. Hockley in the Hole.* -3. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal</span> <i>row</i>, 1. Lambeth marsh. 2. Near -Windmill hill.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal’s</span> <i>court</i>, Horselydown lane, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal Society</span>, in Crane court, Fleet -street. This society, which took its rise from -a private society of learned and ingenious -men, was founded for the improvement -of natural knowledge. The honourable -<span class='pageno' id='Page_289'>289</span>Robert Boyle, Sir William Petty, Dr. -Seth Ward, Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Wallis, -Dr. Goddard, Dr. Willis, Dr. Bathurst, -and Dr. Wren, together with Mr. Matthew -Wren and Mr. Rook, frequently -met in the apartments of Dr. Wilkins, in -Wadham College, at Oxford, to discourse -on philosophical subjects; and there the -learned productions of these gentlemen, -not only eminently distinguished that society -at home, but also rendered it highly -revered by the <i>literati</i> abroad.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The meetings of these <i>literati</i>, which -began about the year 1650, continued at -Oxford till 1658, when the members being -called to different parts of the kingdom, -on account of their respective functions; -and the majority coming to this -city, they constantly attended the astronomical -and geometrical lectures at Gresham -college, where, being joined by several -persons of the greatest learning and -distinction, they continued to meet there -once or twice a week, till the death of -Oliver Cromwell: when anarchy succeeding, -they were obliged to quit their place -of meeting, on account of its being converted -into military quarters for the reception -of soldiers.</p> - -<p class='c004'>However, the storm being soon after -allayed by the restoration of King -<span class='pageno' id='Page_290'>290</span>Charles II. the society began to resume -their meetings, and for the more effectually -carrying them on, entered into an -obligation to pay each one shilling a -week, towards the defraying of occasional -charges.</p> - -<p class='c004'>From these small beginnings, this society -soon arose to be one of the most -celebrated in all Europe: for their design -being favoured by some ingenious men -who had followed the King in his exile, -his Majesty granted them a charter, dated -the 15th of July 1662, and then a second -charter, dated the 22d of April 1663, -whereby they were denominated, <i>The Royal -Society</i>, and made a corporation, to consist -of a President, Council, and Fellows, for -promoting natural knowledge and useful -arts, by experiments; in this charter his -Majesty declared himself their founder and -patron, giving them power to make laws -for the government of themselves; to purchase -lands and houses; to have a common -seal, and a coat of arms.</p> - -<p class='c004'>No sooner was this Royal Society thus -incorporated by King Charles II. than that -Prince made them a present of a fine silver -mace gilt, to be carried before the President; -and as a farther mark of favour, -their royal patron, by his letters patent of -the 8th of April 1667, gave them Chelsea -<span class='pageno' id='Page_291'>291</span>college with its appurtenances, and twenty-six -or twenty-seven acres of land surrounding -it. But afterwards the society neglecting -to convert a part of it into a -physic garden, as was intended, and the -King being resolved to erect an hospital -for old and maimed soldiers, thought no -place more proper for such a design than -this college; he therefore purchased it -again of them for a considerable sum.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A little before the society received these -letters patent from his Majesty, the honourable -Henry Howard, afterwards Duke -of Norfolk, made them a present of a very -valuable library, on the 2d of January -1666.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This collection was part of the royal -library belonging to the Kings of Hungary, -originally kept at the city of Buda. -Upon the decease of Matthias Corvinus, -the last King of the Hungarian race, it was -disposed of, and about two thirds of the -books were bought by the Emperor, and -are now in the imperial library at Vienna: -the remaining part coming to Bilibaldus -Perkeymherus of Nuremberg, it was purchased -of him by the Earl of Arundel, on -his return from his embassy to the imperial -court.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This fine collection consists of 3287 -printed books in most languages and faculties; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_292'>292</span>chiefly the first editions soon after -the invention of printing; and a valuable -collection of manuscripts in Hebrew, -Greek, Latin, and Turkish, amounting to -554 volumes, which, together with the -former, are thought to be of such value as -not to be parallelled, for the smallness of -their number.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The noble benefactor, at the time of -his donation, desired that the inscription -of, <i>Ex dono Henrici Howard Norfolkciensis</i>, -might be put in each book: and that in -case the society should happen to fail, the -library should revert to his family. This -the society not only readily complied -with, but some years after caused the -following inscription to be set up in the -library:</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>Bibliotheca Norfolciana.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c025'> - <div>Excellentissimus Princeps Henricus Howard,</div> - <div>Angliæ, Comes Arundeliæ, Suriæ,</div> - <div>Norfolciæ, & Norwici, &c. Heros,</div> - <div>propter familiæ antiquitatem, animi dotes,</div> - <div>corporis dignitatem, pene incomparabilis,</div> - <div>bibliothecam hanc instructissimam</div> - <div>(quæ hactenus Arundeliana appellabatur)</div> - <div>Regiæ Societati dono dedit,</div> - <div>& perpetuo sacram esse voluit.</div> - <div><span class='pageno' id='Page_293'>293</span>Huic,</div> - <div>Pro eximia erga se liberalitate, Societas</div> - <div>Regia tabulam hanc, devotæ</div> - <div>Mentis testem, fixit;</div> - <div>Præside Josepho Williamson,</div> - <div>Equite Aurato.</div> - <div>A. D. M.DC.LXXIX.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Besides this Arundelian or Norfolk library, -which takes up a large room, another -curious and valuable collection was -left the society in the year 1715, by their -Secretary Francis Aston, Esq; which together -with the numerous benefactions of -the works of the learned members, in all -faculties, but more especially in natural -and experimental philosophy, amount to -above 3600, and are placed in glass cases -in another room.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The museum belonging to the society, -was founded by Daniel Colwall, Esq; in -the year 1677, who gave his excellent collection -of natural and artificial curiosities, -which compose the greatest part of the -catalogue published in the year 1681, by -Dr. Grew, under the title of <i>Museum Regalis -Societatis</i>. But these curiosities, by -the generous benefactions of other curious -persons, are now increased to above six -times the number of those mentioned in -the catalogue.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_294'>294</span>Upon the society’s removal from Gresham -college to their house in Crane -court, Richard Waller, Esq; one of the -Secretaries, erected in the year 1711, at -his own expence, the repository in the -garden for the reception of the above curiosities, -which consist of the following -species, viz. human, quadrupedes, birds, -eggs, nests, fishes, insects, reptiles, woods, -stalks and roots; fruits of all sorts; mosses, -mushrooms, plants, spunges, &c. animal -and vegetable bodies petrified; corals, and -other marine productions; fossils, gems, -stones, metals, antimony, mercury, and -other metallic bodies, salts, sulphurs, oils, -and earths; philosophical and mathematical -instruments; Indian, American, and -other weapons, with a variety of apparel, -&c.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In short, by the above Royal and other -benefactions, the admission money, and -annual contributions of the members, this -society was at length in so flourishing a -condition, that they applied to his late -Majesty King George I. for an additional -privilege to purchase in mortmain 1000<i>l.</i> -instead of 200<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, which he was -pleased to grant by his letters patent, in -1725. Among the Fellows of this society -are his Majesty King George II. and many -of the greatest Princes in Europe.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_295'>295</span>This learned body is governed by a -President and Council, consisting of -twenty-one Fellows, distinguished by -their rank and learning.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The officers chosen from among the -members, are, the President, who calls -and dissolves the meetings, proposes the -subjects of consultation, puts questions, -calls for experiments, and admits the -members that are from time to time received -into the society.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Treasurer, who receives and disburses -all the money.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The two Secretaries, who read all letters -and informations; reply to all addresses -or letters from foreign parts, or at home; -register all experiments and conclusions, -and publish what is ordered by the society.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Curators, who have the charge of -making experiments, receive the directions -of the society, and at another meeting -bring all to the test.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Every person to be elected a Fellow of -the Royal Society, must be propounded -and recommended at a meeting of the society, -by three or more members; who -must then deliver to one of the Secretaries -a paper signed by themselves with their -own names, specifying the name, addition, -profession, occupation, and chief qualifications; -<span class='pageno' id='Page_296'>296</span>the inventions, discoveries, works, -writings, or other productions of the candidate -for election; as also notifying the -usual place of his abode, and recommending -him on their own personal knowledge. -A fair copy of which paper, with -the date of the day when delivered, shall -be fixed up in the common meeting room -of the society, at ten several ordinary -meetings, before the said candidate shall -be put to the ballot: but it shall be free -for every one of his Majesty’s subjects, -who is a Peer, or the son of a Peer, of -Great Britain or Ireland, and for every -one of his Majesty’s Privy Council of either -of the said kingdoms, and for every -foreign Prince or Ambassador, to be propounded -by any single person, and to be -put to the ballot for election on the same -day, there being present a competent -number for making elections. And at -every such ballot, unless two thirds at least -of the members present give their bills in -favour of the candidate, he cannot be -elected a Fellow of the Royal Society; -nor can any candidate be balloted for, unless -twenty-one members at the least be -present.</p> - -<p class='c004'>After a candidate has been elected, he -may at that, or the next meeting of the -society, be introduced, and solemnly admitted -<span class='pageno' id='Page_297'>297</span>by the President, after having previously -subscribed the obligation, whereby -he promises, “That he will endeavour -to promote the good of the Royal Society -of London, for the improvement -of natural knowledge.”</p> - -<p class='c004'>When any one is admitted, he pays a -fee of five guineas, and afterwards 13<i>s.</i> a -quarter, as long as he continues a member, -towards defraying the expences of the society; -and for the payment thereof he -gives a bond; but most of the members -on their first admittance chuse to pay down -twenty guineas, which discharges them -from any future payments.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Any Fellow may however free himself -from these obligations, by only writing to -the President, that he desires to withdraw -from the society.</p> - -<p class='c004'>When the President takes the chair, -the rest of the Fellows take their seats, -and those who are not of the society withdraw: -except any Baron of England, -Scotland, and Ireland, any person of a -higher title, or any of his Majesty’s -Privy Council of any of his three kingdoms, -and any foreigner of eminent repute, -may stay, with the allowance of the -President, for that time; and upon leave -obtained of the President and Fellows -present, or the major part of them, any -<span class='pageno' id='Page_298'>298</span>other person may be permitted to stay for -that time: but the name of every person -thus permitted to stay, that of the person -who moved for him, and the allowance, -are to be entered in the journal book.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The business of the society in their ordinary -meetings, is, to order, take account, -consider and discourse of philosophical experiments -and observations; to read, hear, -and discourse upon letters, reports, and -other papers, containing philosophical -matters; as also to view and discourse -upon the rarities of nature and art, and to -consider what may be deduced from them, -and how far they may be improved for -use or discovery.</p> - -<p class='c004'>No experiment can be made at the -charge of the society, but by order of -the society or council. And in order to -the propounding and making experiments -for the society, the importance of such -experiment is to be considered with respect -to the discovery of any truth, or to -the use and benefit of mankind.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Philosophical Transactions are -printed at the charge of the society, and -the Clerk delivers <i>gratis</i> one of the copies -to every Fellow of the Society who shall -demand it, either in person, or by letter under -the hand of such Fellow, within one -<span class='pageno' id='Page_299'>299</span>year after the Clerk has begun to deliver -such copies.</p> - -<p class='c004'>If any Fellow of the society shall contemptuously -or contumaciously disobey the -statutes or orders of the society; or shall -by speaking, writing, or printing, publicly -defame the society, or maliciously do -any thing to the detriment thereof, he -shall be ejected.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The meetings of the Royal Society are -on Thursdays, at five o’clock in the afternoon.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The members of the Council are elected -out of the Fellows, upon the feast of -St. Andrew in the morning; when after -the election they all dine together.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Eleven of the old council are chosen for -the ensuing year; and ten are elected -out of the other members. Then the -President, Treasurer, and Secretary are -elected out of these. But the same persons -are usually rechosen into these offices.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Royal</span> <i>vineyard</i>, St. James’s Park.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rug</span> <i>row</i>, Cloth fair, Smithfield.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rumford</span>, a town in Essex, 12 miles from -London, and 5 from Burntwood, is a very -great thoroughfare, and is governed by a -Bailiff and Wardens, who are by patent -impowered to hold a weekly court for the -trial of treasons, felonies, debts, &c. and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_300'>300</span>to execute offenders. It has a market on -Mondays and Tuesdays for hogs and -calves, and on Wednesday for corn, all of -which are chiefly bought up for the use -of London.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rummer</span> <i>court</i>, Charing Cross.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Run-horse</span> <i>yard</i>, David street, Grosvenor -square.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rupert</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Coventry street. 2. Goodman’s -fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Russel</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Blue Anchor alley, Rosemary -lane.† 2. Cleveland row, St. -James’s.† 3. Drury lane.† 4. Ratcliff -highway.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Russel’s Mill</span> <i>stairs</i>, Rotherhith.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Russel</span> <i>street</i>, Covent Garden; so called -from the Duke of Bedford, upon whose -estate it is built.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Russia Company</span>, a body of merchants -incorporated by letters patent, granted by -Queen Mary on the 6th of February -1555, by which they were not only impowered -to carry on an exclusive trade to -all parts of the Russian empire, but to all -such countries as they should discover in -those northern parts. In consequence of -this charter, they soon after discovered the -Cherry Islands, Greenland, Nova Zembla, -Newfoundland, Davis’s Streights, and -Hudson’s Bay; and their first Governor -<span class='pageno' id='Page_301'>301</span>was that celebrated mariner Sebastian -Cabot.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In consideration of these valuable discoveries, -their privileges were confirmed -by Parliament; and in the year 1614 enlarged -by King James I.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the year 1742, the Russia company -obtained leave of the present Czarina Elizabeth, -to trade with Persia thro’ Russia, -and between the years 1743 and 1749, -Mr. Hanway observes, they imported raw -silk to the amount of 93,375<i>l.</i> value in -Persia: but Mr. Elton, one of the company’s -agents, being employed by Kouli -Khan, who then sat on the Persian -throne, to build some ships of force on the -Caspian sea, the Russians apprehended they -should be disturbed by the Persians in their -navigation over that sea, and therefore -put an end to the traffic of the British -Russia company through Russia to Persia.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This company exports cloth of all sorts, -both dressed and dyed; kersies, baize, -cottons, fustians, perpetuanoes, Norwich -stuffs, lace, thread, lead, tin, pewter, -allum, copper, and most other sorts of -English commodities: and we import -from thence, cordage, tar, tallow, potashes, -cable yarn, bees wax, linen cloth, -isinglass, hides of several sorts, both -tanned and raw; hogs bristles, linseed, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_302'>302</span>several sorts of rich furrs, train oil, flax, -hemp, caviare, stock fish, cod fish, salmon, -&c.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This company is under the management -of a Governor, four Consuls, and -twenty-four Assistants, annually chosen -on the 1st of March, who keep their -courts monthly, or as occasion requires, in -a large room in the Old East India house -in Leadenhall street: but considered as a -company, their trade at present is not very -considerable; it being carried on chiefly -by private merchants, who are admitted -to reap the profit of trading to Russia, on -paying 5<i>l.</i> each.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rutland</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Charterhouse square. -2. Glasshouse yard, Goswell street. 3. -Near Puddle dock, Thames street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Rycaut’s</span> <i>court</i>, Morgan’s lane.†</p> -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/doodad.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c007'>S.</h2> -</div> -<p class='c008'><span class='sc'>Sacrist</span> of St. Paul’s cathedral, an officer -who is assistant to the Treasurer. He -is to keep every thing in order belonging -to the altar, and to open the church -doors at the first ringing of the bell for -morning and evening prayers. This officer -<span class='pageno' id='Page_303'>303</span>when chosen by the Treasurer, must -be presented to the Dean for his approbation, -by whom he is admitted upon -taking an oath to discharge his office with -fidelity.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Sacrist has three servants under -him, called Vergers, who also keep servants -for cleaning the church, tolling the -bell, blowing the organ bellows, and other -servile business. <i>Newc. Rep.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sadlers</span>, a very ancient company, though -it was not incorporated by letters patent -till the reign of Edward I. They are -governed by a Prime and three other -Wardens, with eighteen Assistants, and -have a livery of seventy members, whose -fine on their admission is 10<i>l.</i> They have -a very handsome hall in Cheapside. -<i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sadlers</span> <i>alley</i>, Dorset street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sadlers</span> <i>court</i>, Milford lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Saffron</span> <i>hill</i>, 1. Field lane, at the bottom -of Snow hill. 2. Hockley in the Hole.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salisbury</span> <i>alley</i>, Chiswell street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salisbury</span> <i>court</i>, Dorset street, Fleet street; -so called from the Bishop of Salisbury’s -city mansion there; afterwards the Earl -of Dorset’s.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salisbury</span> <i>lane</i>, Rotherhith Wall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salisbury</span> <i>stairs</i>, Salisbury street, in the -Strand.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_304'>304</span><span class='sc'>Salisbury</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Marigold street, Rotherhith -Wall. 2. In the Strand; so called -from the Earl of Salisbury’s house, -which formerly stood there.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salisbury</span> <i>walk</i>, Chelsea road.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salmon’s</span> <i>lane</i>, Ratcliff.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salt Office</span>, in York Buildings, is under -the government of five Commissioners, -each of whom has a salary of 500<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>. Under these Commissioners are -the following officers: a Treasurer, who -has 430<i>l.</i> a year, for himself and three -Clerks; he has also a Deputy: two Billmen: -a Comptroller, who has 350<i>l.</i> -a year, with a Deputy and two Clerks: -the Comptroller’s Secretary has 200<i>l.</i> a -year, and an Assistant: an Accomptant -General, who has 200<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and -his Clerk 40<i>l.</i> a year: a Correspondent, -who has 100<i>l.</i> a year, and his Clerk 60<i>l.</i> -a Chief Accomptant and Clerk of Securities, -who has 180<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>: two -Accomptants, who have 70<i>l.</i> a year each, -a Clerk, who has 60<i>l.</i> and another 40<i>l.</i> -<i>per annum</i>: a Storekeeper and Clerk of -the charities and diaries, who has 60<i>l.</i> -a year; a Collector of the port of London, -who has 60<i>l.</i> an Assistant Searcher 60<i>l.</i> -and two Surveyors who have 40<i>l.</i> a year -each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Besides these, there are in this office -<span class='pageno' id='Page_305'>305</span>an housekeeper who has 100<i>l.</i> a year, and -several other servants.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salters</span>, one of the twelve principal companies, -and the ninth in order of precedency, -is of considerable antiquity, since -they had the grant of a livery from Richard -II. in the year 1394; but it does -not appear that they were incorporated -before the first year of the reign of Queen -Elizabeth, in 1558.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This company has a Master, two Wardens, -twenty-seven Assistants, and a livery -of 190 members, who upon their being -admitted, pay a fine of 20<i>l.</i> They have -a very considerable estate, out of which -they pay 500<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i> to charitable -uses. Their hall, which is a plain brick -building, is situated in a neat court in -Swithin’s lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salters</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Green bank, Wapping. -2. Nightingale lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salters</span> <i>court</i>, Piccadilly.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salters Hall</span> <i>court</i>, in Swithin’s lane, -where is Salters hall, in which is a handsome -presbyterian meeting-house.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Saltpetre Bank</span>, 1. East Smithfield, by -Little Tower hill. 2. By Rosemary lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Salutation</span> <i>court</i>, St. Giles’s Broadway.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sambrook’s</span> <i>court</i>, Old Broad street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sambrugh’s</span> <i>court</i>, Basinghall street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_306'>306</span><span class='sc'>Samson’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Green Walk.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sandwich</span> <i>court</i>, Houndsditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sandy’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Coverley’s fields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sandy’s</span> <i>street</i>, Widegate alley, Bishopsgate -street without.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sarah’s</span> <i>street</i>, New Gravel lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sarn</span> <i>alley</i>, Rotherhith Wall.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Satchell’s</span> <i>rents</i>, 1. Shoreditch.† 2. -Whitecross street, Cripplegate.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savage</span> <i>gardens</i>, Tower hill.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savage’s</span> <i>court</i>, Widegate alley, Bishopsgate -street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savage’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Black Friars.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savery’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Farmer’s street, Shadwell.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savile</span> <i>row</i>, near New Bond street.†</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>Bermondsey</i>, a priory, and afterwards -an abbey, founded by Alwin -Child, a citizen of London, in the year -1082, in the place now denominated -St. John’s court Bermondsey.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This priory was not only confirmed by -the charter of William Rufus, together -with all the benefactions belonging to it; -but that Prince also conferred upon the -Prior and Monks the manor of Bermondsey, -and erected a handsome and spacious -conventual church for their accommodation. -This priory, however, being an -alien and a cell to one in France, it was -among other foreign foundations sequestered -by Edward III. in the year 1371, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_307'>307</span>who constituted Richard Denton, an Englishman, -Prior thereof.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This priory was in 1391 converted into -an abbey; and at the general suppression -of monasteries in the year 1539 was surrendered -to Henry VIII. when being -granted to Sir John Pope, he demolished -the old abbey, and erected in its room a -stately edifice, which some time after came -to the Earls of Sussex. <i>Stow’s Survey.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>dock</i>, vulgarly called <i>Savory -dock</i>, in Rotherhith, took its name from -the above abbey, dedicated to the holy -Saviour. <i>Maitland.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>Mill</i>, vulgarly called <i>Savory -mill</i>, also belonged to the above abbey, and -was in the year 1536 let by the Abbot -and Monks to John Curlew, at the yearly -rent of 6<i>l.</i> which was then the value of -eighteen quarters of good wheat; and he -was also bound to grind all the corn used -in the abbey.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the place where this mill stood, is -now an engine for raising water to supply -the neighbourhood. <i>Maitland.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>School</i>, in St. Saviour’s -church yard, Southwark, was founded by -the parish, for the education of boys in -grammatical learning, and confirmed by -letters patent granted by Queen Elizabeth, -so early as the year 1562, and the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_308'>308</span>fourth of her reign; by which six of the -vestry are for ever appointed Governors.</p> - -<p class='c004'>To this school belong a Master and -Usher, the former of whom has a salary -of 30<i>l.</i> and the latter 20<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>Southwark</i>, or <i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Mary -Overies</span>, a church of great antiquity, -situated to the south west of the bridge -foot. In the place where it stands, is -said to have been anciently a priory of -nuns founded by one Mary a Virgin, the -owner of a ferry over the river Thames, -before the building of London bridge. -Some time after the priory was converted -into a college of Priests; but that establishment, -as well as the former, proving -of no long duration, it was in the year -1106 founded by two Norman Knights, -and the Bishop of Winchester, for Canons -regular, and from its dedication to the -Virgin Mary, and its situation, was called -St. Mary Overie, that is, St. Mary over -the river.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This edifice was destroyed by fire -about the year 1207; but it being soon -after rebuilt, Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of -Winchester, added to it a spacious chapel, -which he dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen; -and this being afterwards appointed -for the use of the inhabitants, it at last -became their parish church.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_309'>309</span>The monastery and church were rebuilt -in the reigns of Richard II. and -Henry IV. but at the general suppression -of religious houses were surrendered to -Henry VIII. in the year 1539; upon -which the parishes of St. Mary Magdalen, -and St. Margaret, purchased the -conventual church of King Henry; and -were the next year united by act of Parliament, -and the church being then repaired, -was called by the new name of -St. Saviour’s. <i>Stowe.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Both the construction and extent of -this Gothic structure resemble a cathedral -more than a parish church. The length -is 260 feet, and that of the cross isle 109: -the breadth of the body is 54 feet, and the -height of the tower, including the pinacles, -is 150 feet. The construction of -the windows, entrances, and every other -part, is purely in the Gothic style, except -a modern door, which is neither Gothic, -nor agreeable to the rules of any other -architecture. The tower, which is square, -and well proportioned, is supported by -massy pillars over the meeting of the -middle and cross isles; it is crowned with -battlements, and has a pinacle at each -corner.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In a chapel at the east end of the -church is the monument of Bishop Andrews, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_310'>310</span>who was interred there; and in -another part of the church is that of the -Bishop of Winchester; but the most singular -monument is that of the family of -the Austins, erected in the last century, -and repaired, new painted, and gilt by -the relations in 1706.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The first figure is a rock, upon which is -written, <i>Petra erat</i> XTS. that is, The -rock was Christ. Down this rock runs a -stream of water; and out of it glides a -serpent, his old skin being stript off by -the rock, which is seen hanging on that -part of his back that is not yet got thro’. -At the foot of the rock there grows standing -corn, on which is a label with these -words, <i>Si non moriatur, non reviviscit</i>, -that is, If it dieth not, it liveth not again. -Underneath the corn is this motto, <i>Nos -sevit, fovit, lavit, coget, renovabit</i>, <i>i.e.</i> -He hath sown, cherished, washed us, and -shall gather us together and renew us.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Upon the top of the rock stands an angel, -holding a sickle in his left hand, and -with his right pointing to the sun, which -shines, and on its lower rays is a label, -upon which is, <i>Sol justitiæ</i>, <i>i.e.</i> The Sun -of righteousness.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the sides of the monument are -scythes, flails, shepherds crooks, rakes, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_311'>311</span>ploughs, harrows, and other instruments -of husbandry hanging by a ribband out of -a Death’s head; and above them, <i>Vos estis -agricultura</i>, <i>i.e.</i> Ye are God’s husbandry.</p> - -<p class='c004'>On the outside of these a harvest man -with wings is seated on each side, one -with a fork behind him, and the other -with a rake. They have straw hats, and -lean their heads upon their hands, the elbows -resting upon their knees, as if fatigued -with labour, and under them are -these words, <i>Messores congregabunt</i>, <i>i.e.</i> -The reapers shall gather. Under all is a -winnowing fan, upon which is stretched -a sheet of parchment bearing a long inscription -in Latin.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Though the name of this church has -been changed from St. Mary Overies to -that of St. Saviour, yet the former still -prevails. It is a rectory in the gift of the -parish, and the profits arising to the two -Chaplains, are said to amount to above -300<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savory</span> <i>dock</i>. See <i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>dock</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savory Mill.</span> See <i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>mill</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savory</span> <i>mill stairs</i>, corruptly so called, Rotherhith. -See <i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Saviour’s</span> <i>mill stairs</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Savoy</span>, or <i>Lancaster Palace</i>, is situated to -the westward of Somerset house, between -the Strand and the Thames. This place -obtained the name of the Savoy, from -<span class='pageno' id='Page_312'>312</span>Peter Earl of Savoy and Richmond, who -built it about the year 1245, and afterwards -transferred it to the friars of Montjoy, -of whom Queen Eleanor, the wife of -King Henry III. purchased it for her son -Henry Duke of Lancaster. The Duke -afterwards enlarged and beautified it, at -the expence of 52,000 marks, at that -time an immense sum. Here John King -of France resided, when a prisoner in -England in the year 1357, and upon his -return hither in 1363, when it was esteemed -one of the finest palaces in England.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This edifice was burnt in 1381 by the -Kentish rebels, on account of some pique -they had conceived against John of Gaunt, -Duke of Lancaster, who was then the -proprietor. But the ground afterwards -devolving to the Crown, King Henry VII. -began to rebuild it as it at present appears, -for an hospital, for the reception of an -hundred distressed objects; but that Prince -not living to see it compleated, Henry -VIII. his son, not only granted his manor -of the Savoy to the Bishop of Winchester -and others, the executors of his father’s -will, towards finishing the hospital; but -by his charter of the 5th of July 1513, -constituted them a body politic and corporate, -to consist of a Master, five secular -Chaplains, and four Regulars, in honour -<span class='pageno' id='Page_313'>313</span>of Jesus Christ, his Mother, and St. John -Baptist; the foundation to be denominated -<i>The hospital of King Henry VII. late -King of England, of the Savoy</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This hospital was suppressed in the -reign of Edward VI. when the revenues -were found to amount to 530<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, -which that Prince gave to the city of -London towards making a provision for -the hospitals of Bridewell, Christ-church, -and St. Thomas: but Queen Mary converted -it into an hospital again, and having -endowed it anew, her Ladies and Maids of -honour completely furnished it, at their -own expence, with all necessaries. However -the hospital was again suppressed upon -the accession of Queen Elizabeth to -the throne, and the revenues applied to -the uses intended by her brother.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Nothing here is now to be seen, but -the ruins of the ancient edifice built with -free-stone and flints, among which is still -remaining part of a great building, in -which detachments of the King’s guards -lie, and where they have their Marshalsea -prison for the confinement of deserters -and other offenders, and to lodge their -recruits.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A part of the Savoy was assigned by -King William III. for the residence of the -French refugees, who have still a chapel -<span class='pageno' id='Page_314'>314</span>here, in which they conform to the -church of England. <i>Stowe.</i> <i>Dugdale’s -Mon. Ang.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Saw</span> <i>court</i>, Fore street, Cripplegate.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sawyer’s</span> <i>court</i>, Houndsditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sawyer’s</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Hosier lane. 2. Tower -street, Soho.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scalding</span> <i>alley</i>, in the Poultry. In this -alley was formerly a large house, known -by the name of the Scalding-house; for -the street called the Poultry containing a -number of Poulterers stalls, the fowls -they sold there were first scalded in this -house. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scallop</span> <i>court</i>, Creed lane, Ludgate street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>School</span> <i>alley</i>, East Smithfield.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>School</span> <i>lane</i>, Jamaica street, Rotherhith.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>School</span> <i>yard</i>, Ailesbury street, Clerkenwell.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Schoolhouse</span> <i>alley</i>, Swan alley.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Schoolhouse</span> <i>lane</i>, 1. Ailesbury street.☐ -2. Brooke street, Ratcliff.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Schoolhouse</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Rose street, Shoreditch.☐ -2. Schoolhouse lane, Ratcliff.☐ -3. Sutton street, St. John’s street, Clerkenwell.☐</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Schools.</span> Of these we have given an account -under the names of their particular -foundations; the most famous and noble -of these, are, the Charterhouse, Mercers -school, Merchant Taylors school, St. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_315'>315</span>Paul’s school, and Westminster school; -and among those for the instruction of the -lower class, is Christ-church school, a -noble foundation for the education and -support of the children of deceased citizens, -and a great number of smaller -foundations, as, St. Olave’s school, Ratcliff -school, Tothill fields school, and several -others; all of which the reader -may find under their respective articles.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In these schools, exclusive of Christ-church -hospital, are educated 2888 boys, -and 285 girls; the charge of whose education, -&c. exclusive of those which belong -to hospitals and almshouses, amounts, -according to Maitland, to the annual sum -of 1990<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>Besides these, which are supported by -regular funds, there are a great number -denominated <span class='sc'>Charity Schools</span>, that -have no other foundation and support, -than generous benefactions, annual subscriptions, -and the charitable collections -made in the several churches in this city -and suburbs. Of these we shall give a -list, with the number of the boys and -girls in each.</p> -<table class='table3' summary=''> -<colgroup> -<col width='77%' /> -<col width='11%' /> -<col width='11%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <th class='c027'><i>Schools.</i></th> - <th class='c012'><i>Boys.</i></th> - <th class='c013'><i>Girls.</i></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Allhallows, Lombard street</td> - <td class='c012'>40</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Andrew’s, Holborn</td> - <td class='c012'>80</td> - <td class='c013'>70</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'><span class='pageno' id='Page_316'>316</span>St. Anne’s, Aldersgate</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Anne’s, Westminster</td> - <td class='c012'>52</td> - <td class='c013'>52</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Bartholomew the Great</td> - <td class='c012'>35</td> - <td class='c013'>16</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Bartholomew Close, <i>Presbyterian</i></td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Bethnal Green</td> - <td class='c012'>00</td> - <td class='c013'>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Bevis Marks, <i>Portuguese Jews</i></td> - <td class='c012'>12</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Billingsgate Ward</td> - <td class='c012'>40</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Botolph’s, Aldersgate</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Botolph’s, Aldgate</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Botolph’s, Bishopsgate</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Bridge and Candlewick Wards</td> - <td class='c012'>60</td> - <td class='c013'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Bridewell Walk, Clerkenwell, <i>Quakers</i></td> - <td class='c012'>40</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Bride’s</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Broad street Ward</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Castle Baynard Ward</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Catherine Creechurch</td> - <td class='c012'>40</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Catherine’s, Tower</td> - <td class='c012'>35</td> - <td class='c013'>15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Christ-church, Spitalfields</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Christ-church, Surry</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Clement’s Danes</td> - <td class='c012'>85</td> - <td class='c013'>55</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Corbet’s court, Spitalfields, <i>French</i></td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Cordwainer and Bread street Wards</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Cornhill and Lime street Wards</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Cripplegate Ward within</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Dowgate Ward</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Dunstan’s in the West</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>East Smithfield Liberty</td> - <td class='c012'>40</td> - <td class='c013'>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'><span class='pageno' id='Page_317'>317</span>St. Ethelburg’s</td> - <td class='c012'>20</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Faringdon Ward within</td> - <td class='c012'>60</td> - <td class='c013'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Fry’s court, Tower hill, <i>Presbyterian</i></td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. George’s, Hanover square</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. George’s, Queen square</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. George’s, Ratcliff Highway</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. George’s, Southwark</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Giles’s, Cripplegate</td> - <td class='c012'>130</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Giles’s in the Fields</td> - <td class='c012'>101</td> - <td class='c013'>101</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Grey Eagle street, Spitalfields, <i>French</i></td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. James’s, Clerkenwell</td> - <td class='c012'>60</td> - <td class='c013'>40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. James’s, Westminster</td> - <td class='c012'>102</td> - <td class='c013'>80</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. John’s, Hackney</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. John’s, Wapping</td> - <td class='c012'>38</td> - <td class='c013'>23</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Keat’s street, Spitalfields, <i>Independent</i></td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>King’s head court, Spitalfields, <i>Independent</i></td> - <td class='c012'>00</td> - <td class='c013'>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Knightsbridge chapel</td> - <td class='c012'>6</td> - <td class='c013'>6</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Laurence, Poultney</td> - <td class='c012'>16</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Leonard’s, Shoreditch</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Luke’s, Old street</td> - <td class='c012'>40</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Margaret’s, Westminster</td> - <td class='c012'>52</td> - <td class='c013'>34</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Martin’s in the Fields</td> - <td class='c012'>101</td> - <td class='c013'>51</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Mary’s, Islington</td> - <td class='c012'>26</td> - <td class='c013'>18</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Mary’s, Lambeth</td> - <td class='c012'>28</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Mary la Bonne</td> - <td class='c012'>12</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'><span class='pageno' id='Page_318'>318</span>St. Mary le Strand</td> - <td class='c012'>16</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Mary Magdalen’s, Bermondsey</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Mary’s, Newington Butts</td> - <td class='c012'>32</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Mary’s Rotherhith</td> - <td class='c012'>45</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Mile-end, Old Town</td> - <td class='c012'>22</td> - <td class='c013'>10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Nortonfalgate</td> - <td class='c012'>60</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Olave’s, Jewry</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Olave’s, Southwark</td> - <td class='c012'>00</td> - <td class='c013'>60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Paul’s, Covent Garden</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Paul’s, Shadwell</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Poplar Hamlet</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Portpool lane, <i>Welch</i></td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Queenhithe Ward</td> - <td class='c012'>36</td> - <td class='c013'>24</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Ratcliff Hamlet</td> - <td class='c012'>35</td> - <td class='c013'>25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Ratcliff Highway, <i>Presbyterian</i></td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Saviour’s, Southwark</td> - <td class='c012'>80</td> - <td class='c013'>50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Sepulchre’s</td> - <td class='c012'>84</td> - <td class='c013'>76</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Shakespear’s walk, Shadwell, <i>Presbyterian</i></td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Stephen’s, Wallbrook</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>St. Thomas’s, Southwark</td> - <td class='c012'>30</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Tower street Ward</td> - <td class='c012'>60</td> - <td class='c013'>60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Vintry Ward</td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Unicorn yard, Horselydown, <i>Independent</i></td> - <td class='c012'>50</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c028'>Zoar street, Southwark, <i>Presbyterian</i></td> - <td class='c012'>137</td> - <td class='c013'>00</td> - </tr> -</table> -<p class='c005'><span class='pageno' id='Page_319'>319</span>Thus in these charity schools are educated -3458 boys, and 1901 girls, in all -5359. Mr. Maitland has been at some -pains in endeavouring to learn the respective -charges of the above schools; -but not being able to obtain an account of -each, he has endeavoured to settle as near -as possible the expence of maintaining the -whole, and that by a method equally -plain and satisfactory: for having found -that the parish school of St. Andrew’s, -Holborn, which contains eighty boys, -cost in one year 272<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i> and seventy -girls in the same school 139<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> he -computed, that as the charge of eighty -boys amounts to 272<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i> so that of -3458 boys must amount to 11,763<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> -10¼<i>d.</i> and so, by the same method of -calculation, as the expence of seventy -girls amounts to 139<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> that of -1901 girls must amount to 3794<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> -7½<i>d. per annum</i>; whence it appears, that -the whole expence of all the said charity -children amounts to 15,557<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i> 5¾<i>d.</i> -<i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The same author adds, that the annual -expence of the above free-schools, exclusive -of those belonging to the hospitals -and almshouses, amounting to 1990<i>l.</i> it -appears that the expence of these schools, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_320'>320</span>added to that of the charity schools, -amount in all to 17,547<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i> 3¾<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>As to the number of private schools in -this metropolis and its suburbs, for educating -youth in all kinds of literature, they -are supposed to amount to above three -thousand. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Score’s</span> <i>alley</i>, East Smithfield.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scotland</span> <i>yard</i>, Whitehall; so named -from a palace which formerly stood there -for the reception of the Kings of Scotland, -when they came to do homage for -the county of Cumberland, and other fiefs -held by them of the Crown of England. -<i>Stow’s Survey.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scots Corporation</span>, for the relief of -poor and necessitous people of that -country. This corporation owes its origin -to James Kinnier, a Scotsman, and -merchant of this city; who on his recovery -from a long and dangerous illness, -resolved to give part of his estate towards -the relief of the aged and necessitous of -his country, within the cities of London -and Westminster: and having prevailed -with a society of his countrymen, who -composed a box club, to join their stock, -applied for a charter, by which he and his -co-adjutors were, in the year 1665, constituted -a body politic and corporate, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_321'>321</span>with several privileges, which King -Charles II. confirmed the following year -by letters patent, wherein are recited the -privileges granted in the former charter, -with the addition of several new ones, -viz.</p> - -<p class='c004'>That they might erect an hospital -within the city or liberties of London and -Westminster, to be called, <i>The Scots hospital -of King Charles II.</i> to be governed by -eight Scotsmen, who were to chuse from -among themselves a Master, who, together -with these Governors, were declared -to be a body politic and corporate, and to -have a common seal. They were also -impowered to elect thirty-three Assistants, -and to purchase in mortmain 400<i>l.</i> <i>per -annum</i>, over and above an annual sum -mentioned in the first charter; the profits -arising from these purchases to be employed -in relieving poor old Scots men -and women, and instructing and employing -poor Scottish orphans, the descendants -of Scotsmen within this city.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This humane foundation had however -like to have been crushed in its bud by -two very dreadful events, the plague, and -the fire of London; which happened in -the very years when the charters were -granted. However, those who had the -direction of the work began in the year -<span class='pageno' id='Page_322'>322</span>1670 to prosecute it with vigour; and -found themselves not only in a condition -to provide for their poor, but took a lease -of a piece of ground in Black Friars, to -build upon, for the term of a thousand -years, at a ground-rent of 40<i>l.</i> and by -charitable contributions were enabled to -erect their hall, with two houses at Fleetditch, -and four in Black Friars, which -were soon after finished at the expence of -4450<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>All matters relating to the corporation -are managed by the Governors without -fee or reward; for they not only, upon all -such occasions, spend their own money, -but contribute quarterly for the support of -the society, and the relief of the poor; -they provide for the sick; to the reduced -and aged they grant pensions; they bury -the dead, and give money to such as are -disposed to return to Scotland. The sums -disbursed by the society amount to about -600<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The officers belonging to this corporation -are, a Treasurer, a Register, two -Stewards, and a Beadle.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scot’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, White Friars, Fleet street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scot’s</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Bush lane.† 2. Mill bank, -Westminster.† 3. Montague street, Spitalfields.† -4. Stony lane, Southwark.† -5. Whitecross street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_323'>323</span><span class='sc'>Scriveners</span>, a fraternity anciently denominated -The Writers of the court letter -of the city of London, was incorporated -by letters patent granted by King James I. -in the year 1616, by the name of <i>The -Master, Wardens, and Assistants of the Society -of Writers of the city of London</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This company is governed by a Master, -two Wardens, and twenty-four Assistants, -with fifty-three livery-men, who upon -their admission pay a fine of 5<i>l.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The company of Scriveners being reduced -to low circumstances, thought proper -to sell their hall in Noble street to the -Coachmakers company.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scroop’s</span> <i>court</i>, Holborn. In this court anciently -stood one of the Inns of court -called Scroop’s Inn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Scrub’s</span> <i>square</i>, Upper Ground, Southwark.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sea</span> <i>alley</i>, King street, Westminster.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>The Office for the relief of</i> <span class='sc'>Sea Officers -Widows</span>. The Lords of the Admiralty -having taken into consideration, the unhappy -condition to which the widows of -many of the officers of the navy were reduced -by the death of their husbands, -proposed both to the commissioned and -half-pay officers of the navy, to enter into -a voluntary agreement, to grant three -pence in the pound out of their pay, towards -<span class='pageno' id='Page_324'>324</span>establishing a fund for allowing -pensions to such of their widows as are -left in mean circumstances.</p> - -<p class='c004'>To this the officers readily consenting, -the Lords Commissioners laid the affair -before his present Majesty, who, to promote -so good a work, granted his letters -patent in the year 1732, directing that -three pence in the pound be deducted -from the pay and half-pay of all commission -and warrant officers of the navy; -and to appoint the Lords Commissioners -of the Admiralty, the Treasurer, Commissioners, -Paymaster, and Cashier of the -navy, for the time being, twenty Captains, -ten Lieutenants, five Masters, five Boatswains, -five Gunners, five Carpenters, five -Pursers, and five Surgeons of the navy, -the eldest of their respective stations, to be -Governors of this corporation: out of -whom are appointed a President, two Vice -Presidents, a Treasurer, and fifteen Assistants, -as a committee for the management -of all the affairs belonging to this -charity.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The first Commissioner of the Admiralty -is to be always President; and the -Treasurer of the navy to be always the -Treasurer; but the two Vice Presidents, -and fifteen Assistants, are to be elected annually.</p> - -<p class='c004'><span class='pageno' id='Page_325'>325</span>By the orders of this generous corporation, -no officer or servant employed -therein, is to receive any salary, reward, -or gratuity; the whole business being -transacted <i>gratis</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The first step taken by the Governors -was providing for the widows whose husbands -died after the date of the above -letters patent; who, in the first year -amounted to twenty-four, to whom pensions -were allowed, according to the following -regulations, viz. To the widow of -a Captain, 45<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>; to the widow -of a Lieutenant or Master, 30<i>l.</i> and to the -widow of a Boatswain, Gunner, Carpenter, -Purser, Surgeon, second Master of a -yacht, or Master of a naval vessel appointed -by the navy board, 20<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Lords Commissioners afterwards -commiserating the unhappy circumstances -of many poor widows, whose husbands -died before this corporation was established, -and therefore could receive no benefit -from the fund which was justly appropriated -to the relief of the widows of those -officers who had paid to its support, renewed -their application to his Majesty, -who recommended their case to the Parliament; -upon which it was enacted, that -one seaman should be allowed upon the -books of every ship of war, in the sea-pay -<span class='pageno' id='Page_326'>326</span>in every hundred men that its complement -should consist of, and that the produce -of the wages of such seamen, and -the value of their victuals should be given -and applied towards the relief of poor -widows of commission and warrant officers -of the royal navy.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seacoal</span> <i>lane</i>, extends from Snow hill to -Fleet lane. Stowe thinks it was originally -called Limeburners lane, and that it -took its present name from the burning -of lime there with sea coal.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seahorse</span> <i>alley</i>, Durham yard, in the -Strand.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Searle’s</span> <i>square</i>, Lincoln’s Inn.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Searle’s</span> <i>street</i>, Carey street, Lincoln’s -Inn.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Searle’s</span> <i>wharf</i>, near White Friars.†</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Office of sick and hurt</i> <span class='sc'>Seamen</span>, <i>and for -taking care of</i> <span class='sc'>Prisoners of War</span>, on -Tower hill, is under the government of -four Commissioners, the first of whom has -400<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>, and 65<i>l.</i> for house rent; -and the other three 300<i>l.</i> a year. The -officers under these Commissioners are, a -Secretary, who has 200<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>; a -first Clerk, who has 100<i>l.</i> a year; and -three inferior Clerks, who have 60<i>l.</i> -a year.</p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Office for sick and maimed</i> <span class='sc'>Seamen in the -Merchants Service</span>, in the Royal -<span class='pageno' id='Page_327'>327</span>Exchange. The corporation who provide -for these objects of distress, consists of a -number of merchants, who were incorporated -on the 24th of June 1747, and -are governed by a President, and a Council -of twenty-one.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Secretary of State’s Office</span>, Whitehall. -The Kings of England had anciently -no more than one Secretary of -state, till about the end of the reign of -Henry VIII. when it was thought proper -that this important office should be discharged -by two persons of equal authority, -both stiled <i>Principal Secretaries of -state</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At that time they did not sit at the -council board; but having prepared their -business in a room adjoining to the council -chamber, they came in, and stood on either -hand of the King; when nothing -was done till they had gone through with -their proposals. But Queen Elizabeth -seldom coming to council, that method -was laid aside, and the Secretaries took -their places as Privy Counsellors, which -dignity they have enjoyed ever since, and -a Council is seldom, or never, held without -the presence of, at least, one of them.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Their employment rendering their office -a place of extraordinary trust, this, together -with the multiplicity of their business, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_328'>328</span>places them in a distinguished light, -both in respect to the King and the people: -for they attend almost every day upon his -Majesty, as occasion requires; the petitions -of the people are for the most part -lodged in their hands, to be presented to -the King; and, in return, they make the -dispatches, according to his Majesty’s answers -and determinations.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The correspondence to all parts of -Great Britain without distinction, relating -to the church, the army, the militia, -grants, pardons, dispensations, &c. is managed -by either of the Secretaries. But -as to foreign affairs, all the nations that -have any intercourse with Great Britain, -are divided by them into two provinces, -the northern and southern, each being under -one of the Secretaries, as his separate -department. They have this special honour, -that if either of them be a Baron, -he takes place, and has the precedence of -all other persons of the same degree, tho’ -by creation they might have a right to precede -him: but if he is above the degree -of a Baron, he then takes place only according -to the seniority of his creation.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Each of the Secretaries have lodgings -appointed for them in all the King’s -houses; both for their own accommodation, -for their office, and for those that -<span class='pageno' id='Page_329'>329</span>attend upon it. They have each a salary -of 3000<i>l.</i> a year; which, added to their -lawful perquisites, is said to make their -places worth 8000<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i> each.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Secretaries and Clerks they employ -under them are wholly at their own -choice, and have no dependence upon any -other person. These are,</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the northern department, two Under -Secretaries and Keepers of state papers, a -first Clerk, and ten other Clerks, a Gazette -writer, who has 300<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>; -and a Secretary for the Latin tongue, -whose salary is 200<i>l.</i> a year.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the southern department are, two -Under Secretaries, a first Clerk, seven -other Clerks; and a Law Clerk to both, -who has a salary of 400<i>l.</i> <i>per annum</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Secretaries of state have also the -custody of the King’s seal, called the signet; -the use and application of which -gives denomination to another office, called -the Signet office. See the article -<span class='sc'>Signet Office</span>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>There is also another office depending -on the Secretaries of state, called the Paper -office; for which see that article.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sedgwick’s</span> <i>rents</i>, London Wall.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sedgwick’s</span> <i>yard</i>, London Wall.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seething</span> <i>lane</i>, Tower street.</p> - -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_330'>330</span><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Sepulchre’s</span>, on the north side of the -top of Snow hill near Newgate, and in -the ward of Faringdon without, owes its -name to its being dedicated in commemoration -of Christ’s sepulchre at Jerusalem. -It is of great antiquity, and was -probably founded during the time, when -all Europe were employed in crusades to -the holy land; however, about the beginning -of the twelfth century, it was -given by the Bishop of Salisbury to the -Prior and Canons of St. Bartholomew -in Smithfield, who, in virtue of that -grant, had the right of advowson till the -dissolution of their monastery, when coming -to the Crown, it continued therein -till King James I. in the year 1610, -granted the rectory and its appurtenances, -with the advowson of the vicarage, to -Francis Philips and others; after which -the rectory with its appurtenances were -purchased by the parishioners, to be held -in fee-farm of the Crown, while the advowson -was obtained by the President and -Fellows of St. John Baptist’s college in -Oxford, in whom the patronage still continues. -<i>Dugd. Mon. Ang.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>The present structure was much damaged, -though not destroyed by the fire -of London; after which it was thoroughly -<span class='pageno' id='Page_331'>331</span>repaired in 1670, when nothing of the -old building, except the walls, was -suffered to remain, and not those entirely.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This is a very spacious church, it being -126 feet long, besides a broad passage -through at the west end; the breadth is -fifty-eight feet, exclusive of the north -chapel; the height of the roof in the -middle isle is thirty-five feet, and the -height of the steeple to the top of the pinacles, -is 146 feet. The whole length of -the side is in a manner taken up by a row -of very large Gothic windows, with buttresses -between, over which runs a slight -cornice, and on the top a plain and substantial -battlement work. The steeple is -a plain square tower crowned with four -pinacles.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The wall of this church yard, till very -lately, extended so far into the street all -along the south side of the church, as to -render the passage narrow and dangerous; -but after the church yard on that side had -been shut up about fourteen years, it was -levelled, and laid open to the street in the -beginning of the present year 1760.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Vicar of this church, besides other -advantages, receives 200<i>l.</i> in money in -lieu of tithes.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Munday, in his edition of Stow’s Survey, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_332'>332</span>mentions the following monumental -inscription in this church.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c025'> - <div>Qualis vita, finis ita.</div> - <div>Here under lyes the wonder of her kinde,</div> - <div>The quintessence of nature and of grace,</div> - <div>Wit, beauty, bounty, and (in noble race</div> - <div>The rarest jewel) a right humble minde,</div> - <div>Here lyes her body, but her soule refin’d</div> - <div>Above th’empyreall, hath imperial place,</div> - <div>In bliss so boundlesse, as no words embrace,</div> - <div>Nor art can feigne, nor mortal heart can finde.</div> - <div>Her fame remaines a monument of honour,</div> - <div>Built by her virtue, gilt with purest gold,</div> - <div>With lilly flowers and roses strewed upon her.</div> - <div>Her epitaph.</div> - <div>Urania thus enrol’d:</div> - <div>Milde childe, chaste mayden, and religious wife:</div> - <div>The even crownes the day, Joane Essex’ death her life.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Before we conclude this article, it may -be proper to observe, that in the year -1605, Mr. Robert Dew gave by deed of -gift, fifty pounds to this parish, on condition -that for ever after, a person should go -to Newgate, in the still of the night before -every execution day, and standing as near -the cells of the condemned prisoners as -possible, should, with a hand bell, (which -he also gave for that purpose) give twelve -solemn tolls with double strokes, and then -<span class='pageno' id='Page_333'>333</span>after a proper pause, deliver with an audible -voice the following words:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c029'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>“You prisoners that are within,</div> - <div class='line in1'>Who for wickedness and sin,</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c030'>After many mercies shewn you, are -now appointed to die to-morrow in the -forenoon, give ear and understand, that -to-morrow morning the greatest bell of -St. Sepulchre’s shall toll for you in form -and manner of a passing bell, as used to -be tolled for those at the point of -death: to the end that all godly people -hearing that bell, and knowing it is for -your going to your deaths, may be -stirred up heartily to pray to God to bestow -his grace and mercy upon you -whilst you live.</p> - -<p class='c030'>“I beseech you, for Jesus Christ’s sake, -to keep this night in watching and -prayer, for the salvation of your own -souls, while there is yet time and place -for mercy; as knowing to-morrow you -must appear before the judgment seat -of your Creator, there to give an account -of all things done in this life, and -to suffer eternal torments for your sins -committed against him, unless upon -your hearty and unfeigned repentance, -you find mercy through the merits, -death, and passion of your only mediator -and advocate Jesus Christ, who now -<span class='pageno' id='Page_334'>334</span>sits at the right hand of God to make -intercession for as many of you as penitently -return to him.”</p> - -<p class='c010'>He likewise ordered that St. Sepulchre’s -great bell should toll, till it was supposed -these unhappy prisoners were executed; -and that as the criminals passed by the -wall of St. Sepulchre’s church yard, to -execution, the same bellman should look -over it, and say:</p> -<p class='c009'>“All good people, pray -heartily unto God for these poor sinners, -who are now going to their death, -for whom this great bell doth toll.</p> - -<p class='c030'>“You that are condemned to die, repent -with lamentable tears: ask mercy -of the Lord for the salvation of your -own souls, through the merits, death, -and passion of Jesus Christ, who now -sits at the right hand of God, to make -intercession for as many of you as penitently -return unto him.”</p> -<div class='lg-container-l c031'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>“Lord, have mercy upon you,</div> - <div class='line in1'>Christ, have mercy upon you,</div> - <div class='line in1'>Lord, have mercy upon you,</div> - <div class='line in1'>Christ, have mercy upon you.”</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c010'>For this service the bellman or sexton -receives 1<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> a year; but upon these -occasions there is generally so much noise, -that nobody can hear one word that the -bellman says.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_335'>335</span><i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Sepulchre’s</span> <i>alley</i>, a passage by the east -end of St. Sepulchre’s church. -<span class='sc'>Sergeants at Law.</span> The highest degree -of lawyers under a Judge. The -young student in the common law, when -admitted to be of one of the inns of court, -is called a <i>Moot-man</i>, and after about seven -years study, is chosen an Utter Barrister, -and is then capable of being made a -Sergeant at law.</p> - -<p class='c004'>When the number of Sergeants is small, -the Lord Chief Justice of the Common -Pleas, by the advice and consent of the -other Judges, chuses about six or eight of -the most learned persons of the Inns of -court, and presents their names to the -Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper, who -sends to each of them the King’s writ to -appear on a particular day before the -King, to receive the degree of a Sergeant at -law.</p> - -<p class='c004'>At the time appointed, they being -dressed in robes of two colours, brown and -blue, they go, attended by the students of -the Inns of court, with a train of servants -and retainers, dressed in peculiar liveries, -to Westminster hall, where they publicly -take a solemn oath, and are cloathed with -robes and coifs, without which they are -from thenceforward never to appear in -public. After this they give a great entertainment -<span class='pageno' id='Page_336'>336</span>to the principal persons of the -nation; and present gold rings to the -Princes of the blood, the Archbishops, -the Lord Chancellor, and the Treasurer, -to the value of forty shillings each ring; -to the Earls and Bishops rings of 20<i>s.</i> -and to other great officers, Barons, &c. -rings of less value, besides a great number -of rings to their private friends.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Out of these Sergeants are chosen the -Judges of the King’s Bench and Common -Pleas.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sergeants Inn</span>, on the south side of -Fleet street, almost opposite to the end of -Fetter lane. It consists of a court surrounded -with handsome new buildings, -among which are the Society’s chapel -and hall; and a very handsome edifice -belonging to the Amicable Society.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The officers belonging to this Inn, are, -a Steward, a Master Cook, and a Chief -Butler.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sergeants Inn</span>, Chancery lane, near the -end next Fleet street, consists of two -courts, a small hall, and a convenient kitchen; -but the buildings are low and -mean.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The officers of this Inn are, also, a -Steward, a Master Cook, and a Chief -Butler.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_337'>337</span><span class='sc'>Sergeants Inn</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Chancery lane. -2. Fleet street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sermon</span> <i>lane</i>, 1. Limehouse. 2. Little -Carter lane.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sersnet</span> <i>alley</i>, Narrow Wall, Limehouse.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Setter’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Deadman’s fields.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seven Dials</span>, near Monmouth street; so -called from a handsome pillar, upon which -are seven sun-dials, fronting the same -number of streets, which radiate upon it.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sevenoak</span>, a market town in Kent, near -the river Dart or Darent, 23 miles from -London, in the road to Rye. It obtained -its name from seven very large oaks which -grew near it, when it was first built; and -is governed by a Warden and Assistants. -Here is an hospital and school, for the -maintenance of people in years, and the -instruction of youth, first erected by Sir -William Sevenoak, Lord Mayor of London -in the year 1418, who is said to have -been a foundling supported and educated -at the expence of a charitable person of -this town, whence he took his name. -The school afterwards met with other -benefactors, and among the rest, Queen -Elizabeth having greatly augmented its -revenue, it was thence called Queen Elizabeth’s -free school. It was rebuilt in -1727. Sir Henry Fermor, Bart. has a -seat here; as has also Dr. Thomas Fuller. -About a mile from Sevenoak, to the south, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_338'>338</span>is Knowl Place, the seat of the Duke of -Dorset, situated in the middle of a park; -and towards the east is the seat of —— -Pratt, Esq; which is also seated in the -midst of a park.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seven Stars</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Cable street, Rag -fair.* 2. Ratcliff highway.* 3. Rosemary -lane.* 4. Whitecross street.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seven Stars</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Great Garden, St. -Catharine’s lane.* 2. Moor lane.* 3. -Seven Stars alley, Ratcliff highway.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seven Steps</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Old Montague -street. 2. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel. -3. Rotherhith Wall.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seven Steps</span> <i>yard</i>, Houndsditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Seymour’s</span> <i>court</i>, Little Chandois street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shad Thames</span> <i>street</i>, Horselydown.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shadwell</span>, formerly a hamlet in the parish -of Stepney, is now a distinct parish, and -by the great increase of buildings is united -to this metropolis. This parish, which is -one of the Tower hamlets, is situated on -the north bank of the Thames, and received -its name from a fine spring which -issues from the south wall of the church -yard. The parish is, from its situation, -divided into Upper and Lower Shadwell, -Lower Shadwell being anciently a part of -Wapping marsh.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In the north east of this parish is Sun tavern -fields, where a Roman cemetery, or -burying place, was discovered about the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_339'>339</span>year 1615, wherein were found two coffins, -one of which being of stone, contained -the bones of a man; and the other -of lead, finely embellished with scallop -shells, and a crotister border, contained -those of a woman, at whose head and feet -were two urns, each three feet high; and -at the sides several beautiful red earthen -bottles, with a number of lachrymatories -of hexagon and octagon forms. On each -side of the inhumed bones were two ivory -scepters of the length of eighteen inches -each, and upon the breast the figure of a -small Cupid, curiously wrought; as were -likewise two pieces of jet resembling -nails, three inches in length. According -to the opinion of that judicious antiquary -Sir Robert Cotton, who made this discovery, -the person here interred must have -been the wife of some Prince, or Roman -Prætor, by the decorations of the coffin -and the things contained in it.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In this place were likewise discovered -several urns, with Roman coins, which -had on one side this Inscription, <i>Imp. -Pupienus Maximus P. F.</i> and on the reverse, -with hands joined, <i>Patrus Senatus</i>.</p> - -<p class='c004'>A few years ago was also discovered in -this place a mineral spring, said to be impregnated -with sulphur, vitriol, steel, and -antimony. It is esteemed a great anti-scorbutic, -and is said to have performed -<span class='pageno' id='Page_340'>340</span>many remarkable cures in the leprosy, -scurvy, scald heads, and other cutaneous -diseases.</p> - -<p class='c004'>For Shadwell church, see the article -<i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Paul’s</span> <i>Shadwell</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shadwell</span> <i>dock</i>, Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shadwell</span> <i>market</i>, Upper Shadwell.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shadwell Waterworks</span> are placed in -Shadwell, and wrought by two fire engines, -that fill two main pipes of six or -seven inches bore with Thames water; -by which means that neighbourhood is -well supplied. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shaftesbury House</span>, in Aldersgate street. -See the article <span class='sc'>London Lying-in Hospital</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shaft’s</span> <i>court</i>, Leadenhall street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shakespear’s</span> <i>walk</i>, Upper Shadwell.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sharp’s</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.† -2. Cow Cross, Smithfield.† 3. -Leadenhall street.† 4. Nortonfalgate.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sharp’s</span> <i>buildings</i>, Duke’s Place, near Aldgate.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shaw’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Kent street, Tooley street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shaw’s</span> <i>court</i>, St. Margaret’s hill.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sheen</span>, or <span class='sc'>East Sheen</span>, a pleasant village, -situated a little to the south of Mortlake, -where is the fine seat of the Lord Viscount -Palmerston, the successor of Sir William -Temple. The gardens were laid out and -completed by the great genius of Sir William, -who here spent the latter part of his life.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_341'>341</span><span class='sc'>Sheep’s Head</span> <i>alley</i>, Shoreditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sheer</span> <i>lane</i>, Temple Bar.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sheers</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. East Smithfield.* 2. Shoreditch.* -3. White street.* 4. Wentworth -street.* 5. Wood street, Cheapside.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sheffield</span> <i>street</i>, Clare market.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sheldon’s</span> <i>court</i>, Bedfordbury.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shepherd’s</span> <i>alley</i>, near Vintner’s hall, -Thames street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shepherd’s</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Hockley in the hole.† -2. Upper Brook street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shepherd’s</span> <i>gardens</i>, in the Minories.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shepherd’s</span> <i>market</i>, near Curzon street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shepherd’s</span> <i>mews</i>, Park street, Southwark.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shepherd’s</span> <i>street</i>, Oxford street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shepherd’s</span> <i>yard</i>, Shoreditch.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sherburn</span> <i>lane</i>, Lombard street; thus -named from the brook Langbourn, which -anciently ran out of Fenchurch street, and -here turning south, divided into several -shares, rills, or streams. This lane was -also anciently called Southbourn lane, because -these rills here ran south to the -Thames. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sheriffs</span>, two very ancient officers of the -city, established in the time of the Saxons: -but Richard I. changed the name of these -officers to the Norman appellation of -Bailiff, which signifies an Intendant, Collector, -or petty Magistrate; as the Saxon -Sciregrave implies a Judge, Overseer, or -<span class='pageno' id='Page_342'>342</span>Collector. However, the appellation of -Bailiff proving of no long duration, the -more ancient one of Sheriff was restored to -that office.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The Sheriffs are chosen by the Liverymen -of the several companies on Midsummer -day, the Lord Mayor drinking to -those whom he nominates for their approbation: -but any person who can swear -that he is not worth 15000<i>l.</i> may be excused -from serving the office; however, if -he is qualified with respect to fortune, he -is obliged to serve, or to pay a fine of about -500<i>l.</i> or otherwise to engage in a law suit -with the city. This last is particularly -the case of the dissenters, who look upon -themselves as disqualified by law; since -by act of Parliament, every person who -serves the office of Sheriff ought to have -received the sacrament in the church of -England, twelve months before he enters -upon his office.</p> - -<p class='c004'>Any gentleman of the city may be -chosen an Alderman, without his serving -the office of Sheriff; but he is obliged -to be a Sheriff before he can be Lord -Mayor.</p> - -<p class='c004'>The office of Sheriff, according to our -great antiquary Mr. Camden, is to collect -the public revenues within his jurisdiction, -to gather into the Exchequer all -fines, to serve the King’s writs of process, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_343'>343</span>and by the <i>posse comitatus</i> to compel headstrong -and obstinate men to submit to the -decisions of the law; to attend the Judges, -and execute their orders, to impanel juries, -and to take care that all condemned -criminals be duly executed.</p> - -<p class='c004'>All actions for debt in the city are entered -at the two compters belonging to -the Sheriffs, where the prisoners either -give bail, or are confined in prison, unless -being freemen, they chuse to be carried to -Ludgate. See the article <span class='sc'>Compter</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sheriffs Courts</span>, are courts of record -held in Guildhall every Wednesday and -Friday, for actions entered in Wood street -Compter, and on Thursdays and Saturdays -for those entered at the Poultry Compter, -of which the Sheriffs being Judges, each -has his Assistant or Deputy, who are commonly -called Judges of these courts, before -whom are tried actions of debt, trespass, -covenant, &c. where the testimony -of an absent witness in writing is allowed -to be good evidence. <i>Maitland.</i></p> - -<p class='c004'>To each of these courts belong four -Attorneys, a Secondary, a Clerk of the -papers, a Prothonotary, and four Clerks -sitters. See the article <span class='sc'>Compter</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sherwood</span> <i>street</i>, near Golden square.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ship</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Broad street, Ratcliff.* 2. -Fore street, Limehouse.* 3. Phœnix -<span class='pageno' id='Page_344'>344</span>street, Spitalfields.* 4. Ratcliff highway.* -5. Wellclose square.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ship</span> <i>court</i>, in the Old Bailey.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ship</span> <i>street</i>, near New Gravel lane, Shadwell.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ship</span> <i>yard</i>, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* -2. In the Borough.* 3. Golden lane, Barbican.* -4. Green bank, Wapping.* 5. -King street, New Gravel lane.* 6. -Monkwell street.* 7. Petty France, -Westminster.* 8. Phœnix street.* 9, -Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 10. Without -Temple Bar.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Ship</span> <i>back yard</i>, in the Minories.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shippey’s</span> <i>yard</i>, in the Minories.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shipping</span> <i>stairs</i>, Limehouse.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shipwrights</span>, a company by prescription -for several ages, were incorporated by -letters patent granted by King James I. -in the year 1605.</p> - -<p class='c004'>This corporation consists of a Master, -two Wardens, and sixteen Assistants; but -have neither livery nor hall: for though -they had formerly a hall near Ratcliff -cross, yet that being demolished they occasionally -meet at different places to transact -their affairs.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shipwrights</span> <i>street</i>, Rotherhith.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shitten</span> <i>alley</i>, Chamber street, Shadwell.‖</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoe</span> <i>lane</i>, extends from Fleet street to Holborn.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_345'>345</span><span class='sc'>Shoemaker</span> <i>row</i>, 1. By Aldgate. 2. Black -friars.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoemakers.</span> See the article <span class='sc'>Cordwainers</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoemakers</span> <i>yard</i>, Deadman’s place.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shooter’s</span> <i>court</i>, Basinghall street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoreditch</span>, extends from Nortonfalgate -to the end of Old street. Shoreditch was -anciently a village situated along the Roman -highway, by the Saxons denominated -Eald street, or Old street, and according -to Maitland, owes its name to one of the -predecessors of Sir John Sordig, or Sordich, -who was Lord thereof in the year -1339, and not, as vulgarly supposed, to -Jane Shore, concubine to Edward IV. -This village was at a considerable distance -north of the city of London, though it is -now joined to it.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoreditch</span> <i>alley</i>, Shoreditch.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoreditch</span> <i>church</i>, at the north end of -Shoreditch. See the article <i>St.</i> <span class='sc'>Leonard</span> -<i>Shoreditch</i>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shorey’s</span> <i>alley</i>, King’s alley, Rotherhith†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shorter’s</span> <i>court</i>, Throgmorton street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shorter’s</span> <i>street</i>, Cable street, Rag fair.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Short’s</span> <i>buildings</i>, Clerkenwell.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Short’s</span> <i>gardens</i>, Drury lane.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shovel</span> <i>alley</i>, 1. Back lane, Rag fair.* 2. -Cable street.* 3. St. Catharine’s.* 4. East -Smithfield.* 5. Great Gardens, St. Catharine’s -lane.* 6. Wood street, Cheapside.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='pageno' id='Page_346'>346</span><span class='sc'>Shoulder of Mutton</span> <i>alley</i>, Limehouse.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoulder of Mutton</span> <i>walk</i>, Hackney.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shoulder of Mutton</span> <i>yard</i>, Butcher -row, without Temple Bar.*</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shreeve’s</span> <i>rents</i>, Duke street, Bloomsbury.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shrewsbury</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Stony lane.† 2. -Whitecross street, Fore street.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shug</span> <i>lane</i>, near Piccadilly.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Shutter’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Whitechapel.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sidney’s</span> <i>alley</i>, Leicester fields.†</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sidney’s</span> <i>street</i>, Leicester fields; so named -from Sidney Earl of Leicester.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Signet Office</span>, Whitehall; an office under -the Principal Secretaries of state, who -have the custody of the King’s seal, called -the signet; the use and application whereof -gives name to this office, which constantly -attends the court.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In this office there are four chief Clerks, -and two Deputies. These chief Clerks -wait alternately by months, and prepare -such writings as are to pass the signet. -They have no fee from the King, but only -200<i>l.</i> a year board wages. One of them -always attends the court wheresoever it -removes, and, by warrant from his Majesty, -prepares such bills or letters for the -King to sign, as not being matter of law, -they are directed by warrant to prepare.</p> - -<p class='c004'>In their office all grants, either prepared -by the King’s Counsel at law, or by themselves, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_347'>347</span>for the King’s hand, when signed, -are returned, and there transcribed again; -and that transcript is carried to one of the -Principal Secretaries of state, and sealed; -and then it is called a signet. This being -directed to the Lord Privy Seal, is his -warrant for issuing out a privy seal upon -it. Privy seals for money, however, now -always begin in the Treasury, from whence -the first warrant issues, counter-signed by -the Lord Treasurer: but when the nature -of the grant requires the passing of the -great seal, then the privy seal is an authority -to the Lord Chancellor, to pass the -great seal; as the signet was to the Lord -Privy Seal to affix that seal to the grant. -But in all these three offices, the signet, -privy seal, and great seal, the grant is -transcribed; and therefore every thing -which passes from the King has these several -ways of being considered before it is -perfected. <i>Chamberlain’s Present State.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Silkmen</span>, a company incorporated by letters -patent granted by King Charles I. in -the year 1631. They have a Governor -and twenty Assistants; but neither hall -nor livery. <i>Maitland.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Silk Throwers.</span> This trade was first -practised in London in the reign of Queen -Elizabeth, by foreigners, whose dependents, -and those to whom they had taught -the art of silk throwing, were constituted -<span class='pageno' id='Page_348'>348</span>a fellowship of the city in 1622, and were -afterwards incorporated by letters patent -granted by King Charles I. in the year -1630.</p> - -<p class='c004'>They are governed by a Master, two -Wardens, and twenty Assistants; but have -neither hall nor livery. <i>Maitland.</i></p> - -<p class='c011'><i>Office of Clerk of the King’s</i> <span class='sc'>Silver</span>, in the -Inner Temple. To this Clerk every fine -or final agreement upon the sale of land, -is brought, after it has been with the -Custos Brevium, when he makes an entry -of what money is to be paid to the King’s -use. This office belongs to the court of -Common Pleas, and is executed by a Deputy. -<i>Chamberlain’s Present State.</i></p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Silver</span> <i>court</i>, 1. Oxford street, 2. Woodstock -street, Oxford street.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Silver</span> <i>street</i>, 1. Bloomsbury. 2. Bridgewater -square. 3. Near Golden square. 4. -Green alley, Tooley street. 5. Hare street, -Spitalfields. 6. Near New Gravel lane, -Shadwell. 7. Pelham street, Spitalfields. -8. Soho square. 9. White Friars, Fleet -street. 10. Wood street, Cheapside.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Simmond’s Inn.</span> See <span class='sc'>Symond’s Inn</span>.</p> -<p class='c011'><span class='sc'>Sing’s</span> <i>court</i>, Little Mitchell street, Old -street.†</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div><i>The End of the</i> <span class='sc'>Fifth Volume</span>.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c003' /> -</div> -<p class='c004'> </p> -<div class='tnbox'> - - <ul class='ul_1 c003'> - <li>Transcriber’s Notes: - <ul class='ul_2'> - <li>Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. - </li> - <li>Typographical errors were silently corrected. - </li> - <li>Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only when a predominant - form was found in this book. - </li> - </ul> - </li> - </ul> - -</div> -<p class='c004'> </p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of London and its Environs Described, v. -5 (of 6), by Anonymous - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS *** - -***** This file should be named 60008-h.htm or 60008-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/0/0/0/60008/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> - - </body> - <!-- created with ppgen.py 3.57c on 2019-07-28 18:45:35 GMT --> -</html> diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index bdc9662..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/doodad.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/doodad.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b144c6b..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/doodad.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i006.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i006.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 76131a5..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i006.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i060.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i060.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index daaecdf..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i060.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i068.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i068.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 3d636cc..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i068.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i071.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i071.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 23ca4ea..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i071.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i114.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i114.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 20e96af..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i114.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i129.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i129.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 8e74582..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i129.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i209.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i209.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index c12d566..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i209.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i263.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i263.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ef0b967..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i263.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i300.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i300.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 9c668bd..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i300.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/60008-h/images/i301.jpg b/old/60008-h/images/i301.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index c0da061..0000000 --- a/old/60008-h/images/i301.jpg +++ /dev/null |
