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diff --git a/old/56307-0.txt b/old/56307-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 863d6bb..0000000 --- a/old/56307-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7648 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Awdeley's Fraternitye of Vacabondes, -Harman's Caueat, Haben's Sermon, &c., by John Awdeley and Thomas Harman and Parson Haben - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Awdeley's Fraternitye of Vacabondes, Harman's Caueat, Haben's Sermon, &c. - -Author: John Awdeley - Thomas Harman - Parson Haben - -Editor: Edward Viles - F. J. Furnivall - -Release Date: January 4, 2018 [EBook #56307] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AWDELEY'S FRATERNITYE OF VACABONDES *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, RichardW, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - Awdeley’s Fraternitye of Vacabondes, Harman’s Caueat, Haben’s Sermon, - &c.; Edited by Edward Viles and Frederick James Furnivall; Authored by - John Awdeley (flourished 1559–1577), Thomas Harman (active 1567), and - Parson Haben (or Hyberdyne). Published in 1869 for the Early English - Text Society, by Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press. - - - - - Awdeley’s - - Fraternitye of Vacabondes, - - Harman’s Caueat, - - Haben’s Sermon, &c. - - ―――― - - Early English Text Society. - - Extra Series. No. IX. - - 1869. - - - - - The Fraternitye of Vacabondes - - BY JOHN AWDELEY - - (LICENSED IN 1560–1, IMPRINTED THEN, AND IN 1565) - - FROM THE EDITION OF 1575 IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. - - ―――― - - A Caueat or Warening for Commen Cursetors - vulgarely called Vagabones - - BY THOMAS HARMAN ESQUIERE, - - FROM THE 3RD EDITION OF 1567, BELONGING TO HENRY HUTH, ESQ. - - COLLATED WITH THE 2ND EDITION OF 1567 IN THE BODLEIAN - LIBRARY, OXFORD, AND WITH THE REPRINT OF THE - 4TH EDITION OF 1573. - - ―――― - - A Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery - - BY PARSON HABEN OR HYBERDYNE, - - FROM THE LANSDOWNE MS. 98, AND COTTON VESP. A. 25. - - ―――― - - THOSE PARTS OF - The Groundworke of Conny-catching (ed. 1592) - THAT DIFFER FROM _HARMAN’S CAUEAT_. - - ―――― - - EDITED BY - EDWARD VILES & F. J. FURNIVALL. - - ―――― - - LONDON: - - PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY - - BY HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS - - AMEN HOUSE, E.C. 4 - - [_Reprinted 1898, 1937._] - - - - - Extra Series, IX. - - ―――― - - PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY RICHARD CLAY & SONS, LIMITED - BUNGAY, SUFFOLK. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - PAGE - - Preface i - - AWDELEY’S _Fraternitye_, not plagiarized from, but - published ‘a fewe yeares’ before, Harman’s _Caueat_ i - - HARMAN’S _Caueat_: two states of the 2nd edition. The - latter, now called the 3rd edition, is reprinted here iv - - Piraters from Harman: Bynnyman, and G. Dewes vi - - Short account of Thomas Harman vii - - HARRISON’S quotation of Harman, and his account of - English Vagabonds, and the punishments for them xi - - _The Groundworke of Conny-catching_ is a reprint of - Harman’s _Caueat_, with an Introduction xiv - - DEKKER’S _Belman of London_: its borrowings from Harman xiv - - S. ROWLANDS’S _Martin Mark-all_ shows up Dekker, and has - new Cant words xvi - - DEKKER’S _Lanthorn and Candle-light_ borrows from - Harman: Canting Song from it xix - - _The Caterpillers of this Nation anatomized_ xxi - - _A Warning for Housebreakers_ xxi - - _Street Robberies consider’d_ xxii - - Parson HABEN’S or HYBERDYNE’S _Sermon in Praise of - Thieves and Thievery_ xxiv - - Shares in the present work xxiv - - - 1. Awdeley’s Fraternitye of Vacabondes, _with_ the .xxv. - Orders of Knaues (p. 12–16) 1–16 - - 2. Harman’s Caueat or Warrening for Commen - Cvrsetors vulgarely called Vagabones 17–91 - - 3. Parson Haben’s (or Hyberdyne’s) Sermon in Praise of - Thieves and Thievery 92–95 - - 4. The Groundwork of Conny-catching: those parts that are - not reprinted from Harman’s _Caueat_ 96–103 - - 5. Index 104–111 - -{i} - - - - -PREFACE. - - -If the ways and slang of Vagabonds and Beggars interested Martin Luther -enough to make him write a preface to the _Liber Vagatorum_[1] in -1528, two of the ungodly may be excused for caring, in 1869, for the -old Rogues of their English land, and for putting together three of -the earliest tracts about them. Moreover, these tracts are part of the -illustrative matter that we want round our great book on Elizabethan -England, Harrison’s _Description of Britain_, and the chief of them is -quoted by the excellent parson who wrote that book. - -The first of these three tracts, Awdeley’s _Fraternitye of Vacabondes_, -has been treated by many hasty bibliographers, who can never have taken -the trouble to read the first three leaves of Harman’s book, as later -than, and a mere pilfering from, Harman’s _Caueat_. No such accusation, -however, did Harman himself bring against the worthy printer-author -(herein like printer-author Crowley, though he was preacher too,) who -preceded him. In his Epistle dedicatory to the Countes of Shrewsbury, -p. 20, below, Harman, after speaking of ‘these wyly wanderers,’ -vagabonds, says in 1566 or 1567, - - There was _a fewe yeares since_ a small bréefe setforth of some zelous - man to his countrey,—of whom I knowe not,—that made a lytle shewe of - there names and vsage, and gaue a glymsinge lyghte, not sufficient to - perswade of their peuishe peltinge and pickinge practyses, but well - worthy of prayse. - - [Footnote 1: _Liber Vagatorum: Der Betler Orden_: First printed - about 1514. Its first section gives a special account of the several - orders of the ‘Fraternity of Vagabonds;’ the 2nd, sundry _notabilia_ - relating to them; the 3rd consists of a ‘Rotwelsche Vocabulary,’ - or ‘Canting Dictionary.’ See a long notice in the Wiemarisches - Jahrbuch, vol. 10; 1856. _Hotten’s Slang Dictionary_: Bibliography.] - -{ii} - -This description of the ‘small bréefe,’ and the ‘lytle shewe’ of the -‘names and vsage,’ exactly suits Awdeley’s tract; and the ‘fewe yeares -since’ also suits the date of what may be safely assumed to be the -first edition of the _Fraternitye_, by John Awdeley or John Sampson, or -Sampson Awdeley,—for by all these names, says Mr Payne Collier, was our -one man known:— - - It may be disputed whether this printer’s name were really Sampson, - or Awdeley: he was made free of the Stationers’ Company as Sampson, - and so he is most frequently termed towards the commencement of the - Register; but he certainly wrote and printed his name Awdeley or - Awdelay; now and then it stands in the Register ‘Sampson Awdeley.’ It - is the more important to settle the point, because . . . he was not - only a printer, but a versifier,[2] and ought to have been included by - Ritson in his _Bibliographica Poetica_. (Registers of the Stationers’ - Company, A.D. 1848, vol. i. p. 23.) - -These verses of Awdeley’s, or Sampson’s, no doubt led to his ‘small -bréefe’ being entered in the Stationers’ Register as a ‘ballett’: - - “1560–1. Rd. of John Sampson, for his lycense for pryntinge of a - ballett called the description of vakaboundes . . . . iiij^d. - - “[This entry seems to refer to an early edition of a very curious - work, printed again by Sampson, alias Awdeley, in 1565, when it - bore the following title, ‘The fraternitie of vacabondes, as well - of rufling vacabones as of beggerly, [3]†as well of women as of men, - †and as well of gyrles as of boyes, with their proper names and - qualityes. Also the xxv. orders of knaves, otherwise called a quartten - of knawes. Confirmed this yere by Cocke Lorel.’ The edition without - date mentioned by Dibdin (iv. 564) may have been that of the entry. - Another impression by Awdeley, dated 1575 [which we reprint] is - reviewed in the _British Bibliographer_, ii. 12, where it is asserted - (as is very probable, though we are without distinct evidence of - the fact) that the printer was the compiler of the book, and he - certainly introduces it by three six-line stanzas. If this work came - out originally in 1561, according to the entry, there is no doubt - that it was the precursor of a very singular series of tracts on the - same subject, which will be noticed in their proper places.]”—J. P. - Collier, _Registers_, i. 42. - - [Footnote 2: See the back of his title-page, p. 2, below.] - - [Footnote 3: †–† _as well_ and _and as well_ not in the title of the - 1575 edition.] - -As above said, I take Harman’s ‘fewe yeares’—in 1566 or 7—to point to -the 1561 edition of Awdeley, and not the 1565 ed. And as to Awdeley’s -authorship,—what can be more express than his own words, {iii} p. -2, below, that what the Vagabond caught at a Session confest as to -‘both names and states of most and least of this their Vacabondes -brotherhood,’ _that_,—‘at the request of a worshipful man, I [‘The -Printer,’ that is, John Awdeley] have set it forth as well as I can.’ - -But if a doubt on Awdeley’s priority to Harman exists in any reader’s -mind, let him consider this second reference by Harman to Awdeley -(p. 60, below), not noticed by the bibliographers: “For-as-much as -these two names, a Iarkeman and a Patrico, bée in _the old briefe -of vacabonds_, and set forth as two kyndes of euil doers, you shall -vnderstande that a Iarkeman hath his name of a _Iarke, which is a seale -in their Language_, as one should _make writinges and set seales for -lycences_ and pasporte,” and then turn to Awdeley’s _Fraternitye of -Vacabondes_, and there see, at page 5, below: - - ¶ A IACK MAN. - - A Iackeman is he that can write and reade, and sometime speake latin. - He vseth _to make counterfaite licences_ which they call Gybes, - _and sets to Seales, in their language called Iarkes_. (See also ‘A - Whipiacke,’ p. 4.) - -Let the reader then compare Harman’s own description of a _Patrico_, p. -60, with that in ‘the old _Briefe of Vacabonds_,’ Awdeley, p. 6: - - Awdeley. Harman. - ¶ A PATRIARKE CO. there is a PATRICO . . . - A Patriarke Co doth _make mariages_, whiche in their language is a - & that is _vntill death priest, that should _make - depart_ the maried folke. mariages tyll death dyd depart_. - -And surely no doubt on the point will remain in his mind, though, if -needed, a few more confirmations could be got, as - - Awdeley (p. 4). Harman (p. 44). - ¶ A PALLIARD. ¶ A Pallyard. - A Palliard is he that goeth in a These Palliardes . . go with patched - patched cloke, and hys Doxy clokes, and haue their Morts with - goeth in like apparell. them. - -We may conclude, then, certainly, that Awdeley did not plagiarize -Harman; and probably, that he first published his _Fraternitye_ in -1561. The tract is a mere sketch, as compared with Harman’s _Caueat_, -though in its descriptions (p. 6–11) of ‘A Curtesy Man,’ {iv} ‘A -Cheatour or Fingerer,’ and ‘A Ring-Faller’ (one of whom tried his -tricks on me in Gower-street about ten days ago), it gives as full -a picture as Harman does of the general run of his characters. The -edition of 1575 being the only one accessible to us, our trusty Oxford -copier, Mr George Parker, has read the proofs with the copy in the -Bodleian. - -Let no one bring a charge of plagiarizing Awdeley, against Harman, for -the latter, as has been shown, referred fairly to Awdeley’s ‘_small -breefe_’ or ‘_old briefe of vacabonds_’ and wrote his own “bolde -Beggars booke” (p. 91) from his own long experience with them. - -―――― - -Harman’s _Caueat_ is too well-known and widely valued a book to -need description or eulogy here. It is _the_ standard work on its -subject,—‘these rowsey, ragged, rabblement of rakehelles’ (p. 19)—and -has been largely plundered by divers literary cadgers. No copy of the -first edition seems to be known to bibliographers. It was published in -1566 or 1567,—probably the latter year,[4]—and must (I conclude) have -contained less than the second, as in that’s ‘Harman to the Reader,’ p. -28, below, he says ‘well good reader, I meane not to be tedyous vnto -the, but haue added fyue or sixe more tales, because some of them weare -doune whyle my booke was fyrste in the presse.’ He speaks again of his -first edition at p. 44, below, ‘I had the best geldinge stolen oute of -my pasture, that I had amongst others, whyle this boke was _first a -printynge_;’ and also at p. 51, below, ‘Apon Alhol enday in the morning -last anno domini 1566, or my booke was halfe printed, I meane _the -first impression_.’ All Hallows’ or All Saints’ Day is November 1. - - [Footnote 4: Compare the anecdote, p. 66, 68, ‘the _last_ sommer, - Anno Domini, 1566.’] - -The edition called the second[5], also bearing date in 1567, is known -to us in two states, the latter of which I have called the third -edition. The first state of the second edition is shown by the Bodleian -copy, which is ‘Augmented and inlarged by the fyrst author here of,’ -and has, besides smaller differences specified in the footnotes in -our pages, this great difference, that the arrangement of ‘The Names -of {v} the Vpright Men, Roges, and Pallyards’ is not alphabetical, by -the first letter of the Christian names, as in the second state of the -second edition (which I call the third edition), but higgledy-piggledy, -or, at least, without attention to the succession of initials either of -Christian or Sur-names, thus, though in three columns: - -¶ VPRIGHT MEN. - - Richard Brymmysh. - John Myllar. - Wel arayd Richard. - John Walchman. - Wyllia_m_ Chamborne. - Bryan Medcalfe. - Robert Gerse. - Gryffen. - Richard Barton. - John Braye. - Thomas Cutter. - Dowzabell skylfull in fence. - [&c.] - -¶ ROGES. - - Harry Walles with the little mouth. - John Waren. - Richard Brewton. - Thomas Paske. - George Belbarby. - Humfrey Warde. - Lytle Robyn. - Lytle Dycke. - Richard Iones. - Lambart Rose. - Harry Mason. - Thomas Smithe with the skal skyn. - [&c.] - -¶ PALLYARDS. - - Nycholas Newton carieth a fayned lycence. - Bashforde. - Robart Lackley. - Wylliam Thomas. - Edward Heyward, hath his Morte following hym Whiche fayneth y^e crank. - Preston. - Robart Canloke. - [&c.] - -This alone settles the priority of the Bodley edition, as no printer, -having an index alphabetical, would go and muddle it all again, even -for a lark. Moreover, the other collations confirm this priority. The -colophon of the Bodley edition is dated A. D. 1567, ‘the eight of -January;’ and therefore A. D. 1567–8. - - [Footnote 5: ‘now at this seconde Impression,’ p. 27; ‘Whyle this - second Impression was in printinge,’ p. 87.] - -The second state of the second edition—which state I call the third -edition—is shown by the copy which Mr Henry Huth has, with his -never-failing generosity, lent us to copy and print from. It omits -‘the eight of January,’ from the colophon, and has ‘Anno Domini 1567’ -only. Like the 2nd edition (or 2 A), this 3rd edition (or 2 B) has -the statement on p. 87, below: ‘Whyle this second {vi} Impression -was in printinge, it fortuned that Nycholas Blunte, who called hym -selfe Nycholan Gennyns, a counterefet Cranke, that is spoken of in -this booke, was fonde begging in the whyte fryers on Newe yeares day -last past, Anno domini .1567, and commytted vnto a offescer, who -caried hym vnto the depetye of the ward, which co_m_mytted hym vnto -the counter;’ and this brings both the 2nd and 3rd editions (or 2 A -and 2 B) to the year 1568, modern style. The 4th edition, so far as I -know, was published in 1573, and was reprinted by Machell Stace (says -Bohn’s Lowndes) in 1814. From that reprint Mr W. M. Wood has made a -collation of words, not letters, for us with the 3rd edition. The -chief difference of the 4th edition is its extension of the story of -the ‘dyssembling Cranke,’ Nycholas Genings, and ‘the Printar of this -booke’ Wylliam Gryffith (p. 53–6, below), which extension is given in -the footnotes to pages 56 and 57 of our edition. We were obliged to -reprint this from Stace’s reprint of 1814, as our searchers could not -find a copy of the 4th edition of 1573 in either the British Museum, -the Bodleian, or the Cambridge University Library. - -Thus much about our present edition. I now hark back to the first, -and the piracies of it or the later editions, mentioned in Mr J. P. -Collier’s _Registers of the Stationers’ Company_, i. 155–6, 166. - - “1566–7 Rd. of William Greffeth, for his lycense for printinge of - a boke intituled a Caviat for commen Corsetors, vulgarly called - Vagabons, by Thomas Harman . . . iiij^d. - - “[No edition of Harman’s ‘Caveat or Warning for common Cursetors,’ of - the date of 1566, is known, although it is erroneously mentioned in - the introductory matter to the reprint in 1814, from H. Middleton’s - impression of 1573. It was the forerunner of various later works - of the same kind, some of which were plundered from it without - acknowledgment, and attributed to the celebrated Robert Greene. - Copies of two editions in 1567, by Griffith, are extant, and, in all - probability, it was the first time it appeared in print: Griffith - entered it at Stationers’ Hall, as above, in 1566, in order that - he might publish it in 1567. Harman’s work was preceded by several - ballads relating to vagabonds, the earliest of which is entered on p. - 42 [Awdeley, p. ii. above]. On a subsequent page (166) is inserted a - curious entry regarding ‘the boke of Rogges,’ or Rogues.] - - “1566–7. For Takynge of Fynes as foloweth. Rd. of Henry {vii} - Bynnyman, for his fyne for undermy[n]dinge and procurynge, as moche - as in hym ded lye, a Copye from wylliam greffeth, called the boke of - Rogges . . . iij^s. - - “[This was certainly Harman’s ‘Caveat or Warning for Common - Cursetors’; and here we see Bynneman fined for endeavouring to - _undermine_ Griffith by procuring the copy of the work, in order that - Bynneman might print and publish it instead of Griffith, his rival in - business. The next item may show that Gerard Dewes had also printed - the book, no doubt without license, but the memorandum was crossed out - in the register.] - - “Also, there doth remayne in the handes of Mr Tottle and Mr Gonneld, - then wardens, the somme of iij^{li}. vij^s. viij^d., wherto was - Recevyd of garrad dewes for pryntinge of the boke of Rogges in a^o - 1567 . . . ij^{li}. vj^s. viij^d. - - “[All tends to prove the desire of stationers to obtain some share of - the profits of a work, which, as we have already shown, was so well - received, that Griffith published two editions of it in 1567.]” - -The fact is, the book was so interesting that it made its readers -thieves, as ‘Jack Sheppard’ has done in later days. The very woodcutter -cheated Harman of the hind legs of the horse on his title, prigged two -of his prauncer’s props (p. 42). - -To know the keen inquiring Social Reformer, Thomas Harman, the -reader must go to his book. He lived in the country (p. 34, foot), -in [Crayford] Kent (p. 30, p. 35), near a heath (p. 35), near Lady -Elizabeth Shrewsbury’s parish (p. 19), not far from London (p. 30, -p. 35); ‘he lodged at the White Friars within the cloister’ (p. 51), -seemingly while he was having his book printed (p. 53), and had his -servant there with him (_ib._); ‘he knew London well’ (p. 54, &c.); and -in Kent ‘beinge placed as a poore gentleman,’ he had in 1567, ‘kepte -a house these twenty yeares, where vnto pouerty dayely hath and doth -repayre,’ and where, being kept at home ‘through sickenes, he talked -dayly with many of these wyly wanderars, as well men and wemmen, as -boyes and gyrles,’ whose tricks he has so pleasantly set down for us. -He did not, though, confine his intercourse with vagabonds to talking, -for he says of some, p. 48, - - ¶ Some tyme they counterfet the seale of the Admiraltie. I haue diuers - tymes taken a waye from them their lycences of both sortes, {viii} - wyth suche money as they haue gathered, and haue confiscated the same - to the pouerty nigh adioyninge to me. p. 51–6. - -Our author also practically exposed these tricks, as witness his -hunting out the Cranke, Nycholas Genings, and his securing the -vagabond’s 13_s._ and 4_d._ for the poor of Newington parish, p. -51–6, his making the deaf and dumb beggar hear and speak, p. 58–9 (and -securing his money too for the poor). But he fed deserving beggars, see -p. 66, p. 20. - -Though Harman tells us ‘Eloquence haue I none, I neuer was acquaynted -with the Muses, I neuer tasted of Helycon’ (p. 27–8), yet he could -write verses—though awfully bad ones: see them at pages 50 and 89–91, -below, perhaps too at p. 26[6];—he knew Latin—see his comment on -Cursetors and Vagabone, p. 27; his _una voce_, p. 43; perhaps his -‘Argus eyes,’ p. 54; his _omnia venalia Rome_, p. 60; his _homo_, p. -73; he quotes St Augustine (and the Bible), p. 24; &c.;—he studied -the old Statutes of the Realm (p. 27); he liked proverbs (see the -Index); he was once ‘in commission of the peace,’ as he says, and -judged malefactors, p. 60, though he evidently was not a Justice when -he wrote his book; he was a ‘gentleman,’ says Harrison (see p. xii. -below); ‘a Iustice of Peace in Kent,[7] in Queene Marie’s daies,’ says -Samuel Rowlands;[8] he bore arms (of heraldry), and had them duly -stamped on his pewter dishes (p. 35); he had at least one old ‘tennant -who customably a greate tyme went twise in the weeke to London, (over -Blacke Heathe) eyther wyth fruite or with pescoddes’ (p. 30); he -hospitably asked his visitors to dinner (p. 45); he had horses in his -pasture,[9] the best gelding of which the Pryggers of Prauncers prigged -(p. 44); he had an unchaste cow that went to bull every month (p. 67, -if his ownership is not chaff here); he had in his ‘well-house on -the backe side of {ix} his house, a great cawdron of copper’ which -the beggars stole (p. 34–5); he couldn’t keep his linen on his hedges -or in his rooms, or his pigs and poultry from the thieves (p. 21); he -hated the ‘rascal rabblement’ of them (p. 21), and ‘the wicked parsons -that keepe typlinge Houses in all shires, where they haue succour and -reliefe’; and, like a wise and practical man, he set himself to find -out and expose all their ‘vndecent, dolefull [guileful] dealing, and -execrable exercyses’ (p. 21) to the end that they might be stopt, and -sin and wickedness might not so much abound, and thus ‘this Famous -Empyre be in more welth, and better florysh, to the inestymable joye -and comfort’ of his great Queen, Elizabeth, and the ‘vnspeakable -. . reliefe and quietnes of minde, of all her faythfull Commons and -Subiectes.’ The right end, and the right way to it. We’ve some like you -still, Thomas Harman, in our Victorian time. May their number grow! - - [Footnote 6: Mr J. P. Collier (_Bibliographical Catalogue_, i. 365) - has little doubt that the verses at the back of the title-page of - Harman’s _Caveat_ were part of “a ballad intituled a description - of the nature of a birchen broom” entered at Stationers’ Hall to - William Griffith, the first printer of the _Caveat_.] - - [Footnote 7: Cp. Kente, p. 37, 43, 48, 61, 63, 66, 68, 77, &c. - Moreover, the way in which he, like a Norfolk or Suffolk man, speaks - of _shires_, points to a liver in a non -_shire_.] - - [Footnote 8: In _Martin Mark-all, Beadle of Bridewell_, 1610, quoted - below, at p. xvii.] - - [Footnote 9: Compare his ‘ride to Dartforde to speake with a priest - there,’ p. 57.] - -Thus much about Harman we learn from his book and his literary -contemporaries and successors. If we now turn to the historian of his -county, Hasted, we find further interesting details about our author: -1, that he lived in Crayford parish, next to Erith, the Countess of -Shrewsbury’s parish; 2, that he inherited the estates of Ellam, and -Maystreet, and the manor of Mayton or Maxton; 3, that he was the -grandson of Henry Harman, Clerk of the Crown, who had for his arms -‘Argent, a chevron between 3 scalps sable,’ which were no doubt those -stampt on our Thomas’s pewter dishes; 4, that he had a ‘descendant,’—a -son, I presume—who inherited his lands, and three daughters, one of -whom, Bridget, married Henry Binneman—? not the printer, about 1565–85 -A.D., p. vi–vii, above. - -Hasted in his description of the parish of Crayford, speaking of Ellam, -a place in the parish, says:— - - “In the 16th year of K. Henry VII. John Ellam alienated it (the - seat of Ellam) to Henry Harman, who was then Clerk of the Crown,[10] - and {x} who likewise purchased an estate called Maystreet here, of - Cowley and Bulbeck, of Bulbeck-street in this parish, in the 20th - year of King Edward IV.[11] On his decease, William Harman, his son, - possessed both these estates.[12] On his decease they descended to - Thomas Harman, esq., his son; who, among others, procured his lands - to be disgavelled, by the act of the 2 & 3 Edw. VI.[13] He married - Millicent, one of the daughters of Nicholas Leigh, of Addington, in - the county of Surry, esq.[14] His descendant, William Harman, sold - both these places in the reign of K. James I. to Robert Draper, - esqr.”—_History of Kent_, vol. i. p. 209. - - [Footnote 10: “John Harman, Esquyer, one of the gentilmen hushers - of the Chambre of our soverayn Lady the Quene, and the excellent - Lady Dame Dorothye Gwydott, widow, late of the town of Southampton, - married Dec. 21, 1557.” (Extract from the register of the parish of - Stratford Bow, given in p. 499, vol iii. of Lysons’s _Environs of - London_.)] - - [Footnote 11: Philipott, p. 108. Henry Harman bore for his - arms—Argent, a chevron between 3 scalps sable.] - - [Footnote 12: Of whose daughters, Mary married John, eldest son of - Wm. Lovelace, of Hever in Kingsdown, in this county; and Elizabeth - married John Lennard, Prothonotary, and afterwards _Custos Brevium_ - of the Common Pleas. See Chevening.] - - [Footnote 13: See Robinson’s Gavelkind, p. 300.] - - [Footnote 14: She was of consanguinity to Abp. Chicheley. _Stemm. - Chich._ No. 106. Thomas Harman had three daughters: Anne, who - married Wm. Draper, of Erith, and lies buried there; Mary, who - married Thomas Harrys; and Bridget, who was the wife of Henry - Binneman. _Ibid._] - -The manor of Maxton, in the parish of Hougham “passed to Hobday, and -thence to Harman, of Crayford; from which name it was sold by Thomas -Harman to Sir James Hales. . . . . William Harman held the manor of -Mayton, alias Maxton, with its appurtenances, of the Lord Cheney, as of -his manor of Chilham, by Knight’s service. Thomas Harman was his son -and heir: Rot. Esch. 2 Edw. VI.”—Hasted’s _History of Kent_, vi. p. 47. - -“It is laid down as a rule, that nothing but an act of parliament can -change the nature of gavelkind lands; and this has occasioned several -[acts], for the purpose of disgavelling the possessions of divers -gentlemen in this county. . . . . One out of several statutes made for -this purpose is the 3rd of Edw. VI.”—Hasted’s _History of Kent_, vol. -i. p. cxliii. - -And in the list of names given,—taken from Robinson’s -_Gavelkind_—twelfth from the bottom stands that of THOMAS HARMAN. - - Of Thomas Harman’s aunt, Mary, Mrs William Lovelace, we find: “John - Lovelace, esq., and William Lovelace, his brother, possessed this - manor and seat (Bayford-Castle) between them; the latter of whom - resided at Bayford, where he died in the 2nd year of K. Edward VI., - leaving issue by Mary his wife, daughter of William Harman, of - Crayford, seven sons. . . . ”—Hasted’s _History of Kent_, vol. ii. p. - 612. - -The rectory of the parish of Deal was bestowed by the Archbishop on -Roger Harman in 1544 (_Hasted_, vol. iv. p. 171). - -Harman-street is the name of a farm in the parish of Ash (_Hasted_, -vol. iii. p. 691). {xi} - -The excellent parson, William Harrison, in his ‘Description of -England,’ prefixed to Holinshed’s Chronicles (edit. 1586), quotes -Harman fairly enough in his chapter “Of prouision made for the poore,” -Book II, chap. 10.[15] And as he gives a statement of the sharp -punishment enacted for idle rogues and vagabonds by the Statutes of -Elizabeth, I take a long extract from his said chapter. After speaking -of those who are made ‘beggers through other mens occasion,’ and -denouncing the grasping landlords ‘who make them so, and wipe manie -out of their occupiengs,’ Harrison goes on to those who are beggars -‘through their owne default’ (p. 183, last line of col. 1, ed. 1586): - - “Such as are idle beggers through their owne default are of two sorts, - and continue their estates either by casuall or meere voluntarie - meanes: those that are such by casuall means [16]†are in the - beginning† iustlie to be referred either to the first or second sort - of poore †afore mentioned†; but, degenerating into the thriftlesse - sort, they doo what they can to continue their miserie; and, with such - impediments as they haue, to straie and wander about, as creatures - abhorring all labour and euerie honest excercise. Certes, I call these - casuall meanes, not in respect of the originall of their pouertie, - but of the continuance of the same, from whence they will not be - deliuered, such[17] is their owne vngratious lewdnesse and froward - disposition. The voluntarie meanes proceed from outward causes, as by - making of corosiues, and applieng the same to the more fleshie parts - of their bodies; and also laieng of ratsbane, sperewort, crowfoot, - and such like vnto their whole members, thereby to raise pitifull[18] - and odious sores, and mooue †the harts of† the goers by such places - where they lie, to [19]‡yerne at‡ their miserie, and therevpon† bestow - large almesse vpon them.[20] How artificiallie they beg, what forcible - speech, and how they select and choose out words of vehemencie, - whereby they doo in maner coniure or adiure the goer by to pitie - their cases, I passe ouer to remember, as iudging the name of God - and Christ to be more conuersant in the mouths of none, and yet the - presence of the heuenlie maiestie further off from no men than from - this vngratious companie. Which maketh me to thinke, that punishment - is farre meeter for them than liberalitie or almesse, and sith Christ - willeth vs cheeflie to haue a regard to himselfe and his poore members. - - “Vnto this nest is another sort to be referred, more sturdie than the - rest, which, hauing sound and perfect lims, doo yet, notwithstanding - {xii} sometime counterfeit the possession of all sorts of diseases. - Diuerse times in their apparell also[21] they will be like seruing men - or laborers: oftentimes they can plaie the mariners, and seeke for - ships which they neuer lost.[22] But, in fine, they are all theeues - and caterpillers in the commonwealth, and, by the word of God not - permitted to eat, sith they doo but licke the sweat from the true - laborers’ browes, _and_ beereue the godlie poore of that which is - due vnto them, to mainteine their excesse, consuming the charitie of - well-disposed people bestowed vpon them, after a most wicked[23] _and_ - detestable maner. - - “It is not yet full threescore [24] yeares since this trade began: - but how it hath prospered since that time, it is easie to iudge; for - they are now supposed, of one sex and another, to amount vnto aboue - 10,000 persons, as I haue heard reported. Moreouer, in counterfeiting - the Egyptian roges, they haue deuised a language among themselues, - which they name _Canting_ (but other pedlers French)—a speach compact - thirtie yeares since of English, and a great number of od words of - their owne deuising, without all order or reason: and yet such is - it as none but themselues are able to vnderstand. The first deuiser - thereof was hanged by the necke,—a iust reward, no doubt, for his - deserts, and a [Sidenote: Thomas Harman.] common end to all of that - profession. A gentleman, also, of late hath taken great paines to - search out the secret practises of this vngratious rabble. And among - other things he setteth downe and describeth [25]§three _and_ twentie§ - sorts of them, whose names it shall not be amisse to remember, wherby - ech one may [26]*take occasion to read and know as also by his - industrie* what wicked people they are, and what villanie remaineth in - them. - - “The seuerall disorders and degrees amongst our idle vagabonds:— - - 1. Rufflers. - 2. Vprightmen. - 3. Hookers or Anglers. - 4. Roges. - 5. Wild Roges. - 6. Priggers of Prancers. - 7. Palliards. - 8. Fraters. - 9. Abrams. - 10. Freshwater mariners, or Whipiacks. - 11. Dummerers. - 12. Drunken tinkers. - 13. Swadders, or Pedlers. - 14. Iarkemen, or Patricoes. - - Of Women kinde— - - 1. Demanders for glimmar, or fire. - 2. Baudie Baskets. - 3. Mortes. - 4. Autem mortes. - 5. Walking mortes. - 6. Doxes. - 7. Delles. - 8. Kinching Mortes. - 9. Kinching cooes.[27] - -{xiii} - - “The punishment that is ordeined for this kind of people is verie - sharpe, and yet it can not restreine them from their gadding: - wherefore the end must needs be martiall law, to be exercised vpon - them as vpon theeues, robbers, despisers of all lawes, and enimies to - the commonwealth _and_ welfare of the land. What notable roberies, - pilferies, murders, rapes, and stealings of yoong[28] children, - [29]††burning, breaking and disfiguring their lims to make them - pitifull in the sight of the people,†† I need not to rehearse; but for - their idle roging about the countrie, the law ordeineth this maner of - correction. The roge being apprehended, committed to prison, and tried - in the next assises (whether they be of gaole deliuerie or sessions - of the peace) if he happen to be conuicted for a vagabond either - by inquest of office, or the testimonie of two honest and credible - witnesses vpon their oths, he is then immediatlie adiudged to be - greeuouslie whipped and burned through the gristle of the right eare, - with an hot iron of the compasse of an inch about, as a manifestation - of his wicked life, and due punishment receiued for the same. And this - iudgement is to be executed vpon him, except some honest person woorth - fiue pounds in the queene’s books in goods, or twentie shillings in - lands, or some rich housholder to be allowed by the iustices, will - be bound in recognisance to reteine him in his seruice for one whole - yeare. If he be taken the second time, and proued to haue forsaken - his said seruice, he shall then be whipped againe, bored likewise - through the other eare and set to seruice: from whence if he depart - before a yeare be expired, and happen afterward to be attached - againe, he is condemned to suffer paines of death as a fellon (except - before excepted) without benefit of clergie or sanctuarie, as by the - statute dooth appeare. Among roges and idle persons finallie, we find - to be comprised all proctors that go vp and downe with counterfeit - licences, coosiners, and such as gad about the countrie, vsing - vnlawfull games, practisers of physiognomie, and palmestrie, tellers - of fortunes, fensers, plaiers,[30] minstrels, jugglers, pedlers, - tinkers, pretensed[31] schollers, shipmen, prisoners gathering for - fees, and others, so oft as they be taken without sufficient licence. - From [32]‡‡among which companie our bearewards are not excepted, and - iust cause: for I haue read that they haue either voluntarilie, or - for want of power to master their sauage beasts, beene occasion of - the death and deuoration of manie children in sundrie countries by - which they haue passed, whose parents neuer knew what was become of - them. And for that cause there is _and_ haue beene manie sharpe lawes - made for bearwards in Germanie, wherof you may read in other. But to - our roges.‡‡ Each one also that harboreth or aideth them with meat or - monie, is taxed and compelled to fine with the queene’s maiestie for - euerie time that he dooth so succour them, as it {xiv} shall please - the iustices of peace to assigne, so that the taxation exceed not - twentie shillings, as I haue beene informed. And thus much of the - poore, _and_ such prouision as is appointed for them within the realme - of England.” - - [Footnote 15: In the first edition of Holinshed (1577) this chapter - is the 5th in Book III. of Harrison’s _Description_.] - - [Footnote 16: †–† Not in ed. 1577.] - - [Footnote 17: _thorow_ in ed. 1577.] - - [Footnote 18: _piteous_ in ed. 1577.] - - [Footnote 19: ‡–‡ _lament_ in ed. 1577.] - - [Footnote 20: The remainder of this paragraph is not in ed. 1577.] - - [Footnote 21: Not in ed. 1577.] - - [Footnote 22: Compare _Harman_, p. 48.] - - [Footnote 23: The 1577 ed. inserts _horrible_.] - - [Footnote 24: The 1577 ed. reads _fifty_.] - - [Footnote 25: §–§ The 1577 ed. reads 22, which is evidently an - error.] - - [Footnote 26: *–* For these words the 1577 ed. reads _gather_.] - - [Footnote 27: The above list is taken from the titles of the - chapters in Harman’s _Caueat_.] - - [Footnote 28: Not in the 1577 ed.] - - [Footnote 29: ††–†† These words are substituted for _which they - disfigure to begg withal_ in the 1577 ed.] - - [Footnote 30: The 1577 ed. inserts _bearwards_.] - - [Footnote 31: Not in 1577 ed.] - - [Footnote 32: ‡‡–‡‡ These three sentences are not in 1577 ed.] - -Among the users of Harman’s book, the chief and coolest was the -author of _The groundworke of Conny-catching_, 1592, who wrote a few -introductory pages, and then quietly reprinted almost all Harman’s -book with an ‘I leaue you now vnto those which by Maister Harman are -discouered’ (p. 103, below). By this time Harman was no doubt dead.—Who -will search for his Will in the Wills Office?—Though Samuel Rowlands -was alive, he did not show up this early appropriator of Harman’s work -as he did a later one. As a kind of Supplement to the _Caueat_, I -have added, as the 4th tract in the present volume, such parts of the -_Groundworke of Conny-catching_ as are not reprinted from Harman. The -_Groundworke_ has been attributed to Robert Greene, but on no evidence -(I believe) except Greene’s having written a book in three Parts on -Conny-catching, 1591–2, and ‘A Disputation betweene a Hee Conny-catcher -and a Shee Conny-catcher, whether a Theafe or a Whore is most hvrtfull -in Cousonage to the Common-wealth,’ 1592.[33] Hearne’s copy of the -_Groundworke_ is bound up in the 2nd vol. of Greene’s Works, among -George III.’s books in the British Museum, as if it really was Greene’s. - -Another pilferer from Harman was Thomas Dekker, in his _Belman of -London_, 1608, of which three editions were published in the same year -(_Hazlitt_). But Samuel Rowlands found him out and showed him up. From -the fifth edition of the Belman, the earliest that our copier, Mr W. M. -Wood, could find in the British Museum, he has drawn up the following -account of the book: - - _The Belman of London. Bringing to Light the most notorious Villanies - that are now practiced in the Kingdome. Profitable for Gentlemen, - Lawyers, Merchants, Citizens, Farmers, Masters of Housholds, and all - sorts of Servants to mark, and delightfull for all Men to Reade._ - - Lege, Perlege, Relege. - - _The fift Impression, with new additions. Printed at London by Miles - Flesher._ 1640. {xv} - - [Footnote 33: Hazlitt’s _Hand Book_, p. 241.] - -On the back of the title-page, after the table of contents, the eleven -following ‘secret villanies’ are described, severally, as - - “Cheating Law. - Vincent’s Law. - Curbing Law. - Lifting Law. - Sacking Law. - Bernard’s Lawe. - The black Art. - Prigging Law. - High Law. - Frigging Law. - Five Iumpes at Leape-frog.” - -After a short description of the four ages of the world, there is an -account of a feast, at which were present all kinds of vagabonds. -Dekker was conveyed, by ‘an old nimble-tong’d beldam, who seemed to -haue the command of the place,’ to an upper loft, ‘where, vnseene, I -might, through a wooden Latice that had prospect of the dining roome, -both see and heare all that was to be done or spoken.’ - - ‘The whole assembly being thus gathered together, one, amongest the - rest, who tooke vpon him a Seniority ouer the rest, charged euery man - to answer to his name, to see if the Iury were full:—the Bill by which - hee meant to call them beeing a double Iug of ale (that had the spirit - of _Aquavitæ_ in it, it smelt so strong), and that hee held in his - hand. Another, standing by, with a toast, nutmeg, and ginger, ready - to cry _Vous avez_ as they were cald, and all that were in the roome - hauing single pots by the eares, which, like Pistols, were charged to - goe off so soone as euer they heard their names. This Ceremony beeing - set abroach, an Oyes was made. But he that was Rector Chory (the - Captain of the Tatterdemalions) spying one to march vnder his Colours, - that had neuer before serued in those lowsie warres, paused awhile - (after hee had taken his first draught, to tast the dexterity of the - liquor), and then began, Iustice-like, to examine this yonger brother - vpon interrogatories.’ - -This yonger brother is afterwards ‘stalled to the rogue;’ and the -‘Rector Chory[34]’ instructs him in his duties, and tells him the names -and degrees of the fraternity of vagabonds. Then comes the feast, after -which, ‘one who tooke vpon him to be speaker to the whole house,’ -began, as was the custom of their meeting, ‘to make an oration in -praise of Beggery, and of those that professe the trade,’ which done, -all the company departed, leaving the ‘old beldam’ and Dekker the only -occupants of the room. - - [Footnote 34: Leader of the Choir, Captain of the Company.] - - ‘The spirit of her owne mault walkt in her brain-pan, so that, what - with the sweetnes of gaines which shee had gotten by her Marchant - {xvi} Venturers, and what with the fumes of drinke, which set her - tongue in going, I found her apt for talke; and, taking hold of this - opportunity, after some intreaty to discouer to mee what these vpright - men, rufflers and the rest were, with their seuerall qualities and - manners of life, Thus shee began.’ - -And what she tells Dekker is taken, all of it, from Harman’s book. - -Afterwards come accounts of the five ‘Laws’ and five jumps at leap-frog -mentioned on the back of the title-page, and which is quoted above, p. -xv. - -Lastly ‘A short Discourse of Canting,’ which is, entirely, taken from -Harman, pages 84–87, below. - -As I have said before, Dekker was shown up for his pilferings -from Harman by Samuel Rowlands, who must, says Mr Collier in his -Bibliographical Catalogue, have published his _Martin Mark-all, Beadle -of Bridewell_, in or before 1609,—though no edition is known to us -before 1610,—because Dekker in an address ‘To my owne Nation’ in his -_Lanthorne and Candle-light_, which was published in 1609, refers -to Rowlands as a ‘Beadle of Bridewell.’ ‘You shall know him,’ (says -Dekker, speaking of a rival author, [that is, Samuel Rowlands] whom -he calls ‘a Usurper’) ‘by his Habiliments, for (by the furniture he -weares) hee will bee taken for _a Beadle of Bridewell_.’ That this -‘Usurper’ was Rowlands, we know by the latter’s saying in _Martin -Mark-all_, leaf E, i back, ‘although he (the Bel-man, that is, Dekker) -is bold to call me an _vsurper_; for so he doth in his last round.’ - -Well, from this treatise of Rowlands’, Mr Wood has made the following -extracts relating to Dekker and Harman, together with Rowlands’s own -list of slang words not in Dekker or Harman, and ‘the errour in his -[Dekker’s] words, and true englishing of the same:’ - - _Martin Mark-all, Beadle of Bridewell; his defence and Answere to - the Belman of London, Discouering the long-concealed Originall and - Regiment of Rogues, when they first began to take head, and how they - haue succeeded one the other successiuely vnto the sixe and twentieth - yeare of King Henry the eight, gathered out of the Chronicle of - Crackeropes, and (as they terme it) the Legend of Lossels. By S[amuel] - R[owlands]._ {xvii} - - Orderunt peccare boni virtutis amore, - Orderunt peccare mali formidine pœnæ. - - London - _Printed for Iohn Budge and Richard Bonian._ 1610. - - ‘Martin Mark-all, his Apologie to the Bel-man of London. There hath - been of late dayes great paines taken on the part of the good old - Bel-man of London, in discouering, as hee thinks, a new-found Nation - and People. Let it be so for this time: hereupon much adoe was made - in setting forth their liues, order of liuing, method of speech, and - vsuall meetings, with diuers other things thereunto appertaining. - These volumes and papers, now spread euerie where, so that euerie - Iacke-boy now can say as well as the proudest of that fraternitie, - “will you wapp for a wyn, or tranie for a make?” The gentle Company - of Cursitours began now to stirre, and looke about them; and hauing - gathered together a Conuocation of Canting Caterpillars, as wel in - the North parts at the Diuels arse apeake,[35] as in the South, they - diligently enquired, and straight search was made, whether any had - reuolted from that faithles fellowship. Herupon euery one gaue his - verdict: some supposed that it might be some one that, hauing ventured - to farre beyond wit and good taking heede, was fallen into the hands - of the Magistrate, and carried to the trayning Cheates, where, in shew - of a penitent heart, and remoarse of his good time ill spent, turned - the cocke, and let out all: others thought it might be some spie-knaue - that, hauing little to doe, tooke vpon him the habite and forme of - an Hermite; and so, by dayly commercing and discoursing, learned in - time the mysterie and knowlege of this ignoble profession: and others, - because it smelt of a study, deemed it to be some of their owne - companie, that had been at some free-schoole, and belike, because hee - would be handsome against a good time, tooke pen and inke, and wrote - of that subiect; thus, _Tot homines, tot sententiæ_, so many men, so - many mindes. And all because the spightfull Poet would not set too his - name. At last vp starts an old Cacodemicall Academicke with his frize - bonnet, and giues them al to know, that this invectiue was set foorth, - made, and printed Fortie yeeres agoe. And being then called, ‘A caueat - for Cursitors,’ is now newly printed, and termed, ‘The Bel-man of - London,’ made at first by one Master Harman, a Iustice of Peace in - Kent, in Queene Marie’s daies,—he being then about ten yeeres of age.’ - Sign. A. 2. - - [Footnote 35: Where at this day the Rogues of the North part, once - euerie three yeeres, assemble in the night, because they will not be - seene and espied; being a place, to those that know it, verie fit - for that purpos,—it being hollow, and made spacious vnder ground; - at first, by estimation, halfe a mile in compasse; but it hath such - turnings and roundings in it, that a man may easily be lost if hee - enter not with a guide.] - -‘They (the vagabonds) haue a language among themselues, composed -of _omnium gatherum_; a glimering whereof, one of late daies hath -endeuoured to manifest, as farre as his Authour is pleased to be an -{xviii} intelligencer. The substance whereof he leaueth for those -that will dilate thereof; enough for him to haue the praise, other -the paines, notwithstanding _Harman’s_ ghost continually clogging his -conscience with _Sic Vos non Vobis_.’—Sign. C. 3 back.[36] - - [Footnote 36: Of the above passages, Dekker speaks in the following - manner:—“There is an Vsurper, that of late hath taken vpon him the - name of the Belman; but being not able to maintaine that title, hee - doth now call himselfe the Bel-mans brother; his ambition is (rather - out of vaine-glory then the true courage of an experienced Souldier) - to haue the leading of the Van; but it shall be honor good enough - for him (if not too good) to come vp with the Rere. You shall know - him by his Habiliments, for (by the furniture he weares) he will - be taken for a _Beadle of Bridewell_. It is thought he is rather a - Newter then a friend to the cause: and therefore the Bel-man doth - here openly protest that hee comes into the field as no fellow in - armes with him.”—_O per se O_ (1612 edit.), sign. A. 2.] - -‘Because the Bel-man entreateth any that is more rich in canting, to -lend him better or more with variety, he will repay his loue double, -I haue thought good, not only to shew his errour in some places in -setting downe olde wordes vsed fortie yeeres agoe, before he was -borne, for wordes that are vsed in these dayes (although he is bold to -call me an vsurper (for so he doth in his last round), and not able -to maintayne the title, but haue enlarged his Dictionary (or _Master -Harman’s_) with such wordes as I thinke hee neuer heard of (and yet -in vse too); but not out of vaine glorie, as his ambition is, but, -indeede, as an experienced souldier that hath deerely paid for it: and -therefore it shall be honour good enough for him (if not too good) to -come vp with the Reare (I doe but shoote your owne arrow back againe), -and not to haue the leading of the Van as he meanes to doe, although -small credite in the end will redound to eyther. You shall know the -wordes not set in eyther his Dictionaries by this marke §: and for -shewing the errour in his words, and true englishing of the same and -other, this marke ¶ shall serue - -§ Abram, madde - -§ He maunds Abram, he begs as a madde man - -¶ Bung, is now vsed for a pocket, heretofore for a purse - -§ Budge a beake, runne away - -§ A Bite, secreta mulierum - -§ Crackmans, the hedge - -§ To Castell, to see or looke - -§ A Roome Cuttle, a sword - -§ A Cuttle bung, a knife to cut a purse - -§ Chepemans, Cheape-side market - -¶ Chates, the Gallowes: here he mistakes both the simple word, because -he so found it printed, not knowing the true originall thereof, and -also in the compound; as for _Chates_, it should be _Cheates_, which -word is vsed generally for things, as _Tip me that Cheate_, Giue me -that thing: so that if you will make a word for the Gallous, you must -put thereto this word _treyning_, which signifies {xix} hanging; and -so _treyning cheate_ is as much to say, hanging things, or the Gallous, -and not _Chates_. - -§ A fflicke, a Theefe - -§ Famblers, a paire of Gloues - -§ Greenemans, the fields - -§ Gilkes for the gigger, false keyes for the doore or picklockes - -§ Gracemans, Gratious streete market - -§ Iockam, a man’s yard - -§ Ian, a purse - -§ Iere, a turd - -§ Lugges, eares - -§ Loges, a passe or warrant - -§ A Feager of Loges, one that beggeth with false passes or counterfeit -writings - -§ Numans, Newgate Market - -¶ Nigling, company keeping with a woman: this word is not vsed now, but -_wapping_, and thereof comes the name _wapping morts_, whoores. - -§ To plant, to hide - -¶ Smellar, a garden; not smelling cheate, for that’s a Nosegay - -§ Spreader, butter - -§ Whittington, Newgate. - -“And thus haue I runne ouer the Canter’s Dictionary; to speake more at -large would aske more time then I haue allotted me; yet in this short -time that I haue, I meane to sing song for song with the Belman, ere I -wholly leaue him.” [Here follow three Canting Songs.] Sign. E 1, back—E -4. - -“And thus hath the Belman, through his pitifull ambition, caused -me to write that I would not: And whereas he disclaims the name of -Brotherhood, I here vtterly renounce him & his fellowship, as not -desirous to be rosolued of anything he professeth on this subiect, -knowing my selfe to be as fully instructed herein as euer he -was.”—Sign. F. - -In the second Part of his _Belman of London_, namely, his _Lanthorne -and Candle-light_, 1609, Dekker printed a Dictionary of Canting, which -is only a reprint of Harman’s (p. 82–4, below). A few extracts from -this _Lanthorne_ are subjoined: - - _Canting._ - - “This word _canting_ seemes to bee deriued from the latine _verbe - canto_, which signifies in English, to sing, or to make a sound - with words,—that is to say, to speake. And very aptly may _canting_ - take his deriuation, a _cantando_, from singing, because, amongst - these beggerly consorts that can play vpon no better instruments, - the language of _canting_ is a kind of musicke; and he that - in such assemblies can _cant_ {xx} best, is counted the best - Musitian.”—_Dekker’s Lanthorne and Candle-light_, B. 4. back. - - _Specimen of “Canting rithmes.”_ - - “Enough—with bowsy Coue maund Nace, - Tour the Patring Coue in the Darkeman Case, - Docked the Dell, for a Coper meke - His wach shall feng a Prounces Nab-chete, - Cyarum, by Salmon, and thou shalt pek my Iere - In thy Gan, for my watch it is nace gere, - For the bene bowse my watch hath a win, &c.” - _Dekker’s Lanthorne_, &c., C. 1. back. - -A specimen of “Canting prose,” with translation, is given on the same -page. - -Dekker’s dictionary of Canting, given in _Lanthorne and Candle-light_, -is the same as that of Harman. - - “A Canting Song. - - The Ruffin cly the nab of the Harman beck, - If we mawn’d Pannam, lap or Ruff-peck, - Or poplars of yarum: he cuts, bing to the Ruffmans, - Or els he sweares by the light-mans, - To put our stamps in the Harmans, - The ruffian cly the ghost of the Harman beck, - If we heaue a booth we cly the Ierke. - If we niggle, or mill a bowsing Ken - Or nip a boung that has but a win - Or dup the giger of a Gentry cofe’s ken, - To the quier cuffing we bing, - And then to the quier Ken, to scowre the Cramp ring, - And then to the Trin’de on the chates, in the lightmans - The Bube _and_ Ruffian cly the Harman beck _and_ harmans - - Thus Englished. - - The Diuell take the Constable’s head, - If we beg Bacon, Butter-milke, or bread, - Or Pottage, to the hedge he bids vs hie - Or sweares (by this light) i’ th’ stocks we shall lie. - The Deuill haunt the Constable’s ghoast - If we rob but a Booth, we are whip’d at a poast. - If an ale-house we rob, or be tane with a whore, - Or cut a purse that has inst a penny, and no more, - Or come but stealing in at a Gentleman’s dore - To the Iustice straight we goe, - And then to the Iayle to be shakled: And so {xxi} - To be hang’d on the gallowes i’ th’ day time: the pox - And the Deuill take the Constable and his stocks.” - _Ibid._ C. 3. back. - -Richard Head (says Mr Hotten), in his _English Rogue, described in the -Life of Meriton Latroon, a Witty Extravagant_, 4 vols. 12mo., 1671–80, -gave “a glossary of Cant words ‘used by the Gipsies’; but it was only -a reprint of what Decker had given sixty years before,” and therefore -merely taken from Harman too. ‘The Bibliography of Slang, Cant, and -Vulgar Language’ has been given so fully at the end of Mr Hotten’s -Slang Dictionary, that I excuse myself from pursuing the subject -farther. I only add here Mr Wood’s extracts from four of the treatises -on this subject not noticed by Mr Hotten in the 1864 edition of his -Dictionary, but contained (with others) in a most curious volume in -the British Museum, labelled _Practice of Robbers_,—Press Mark 518. h. -2.,—as also some of the slang words in these little books not given by -Harman[37]: - - 1. _The Catterpillers of this Nation anatomized, in a brief yet - notable Discovery of House-breakers, Pick-pockets, &c. Together with - the Life of a penitent High-way-man, discovering the Mystery of that - Infernal Society. To which is added, the Manner of Hectoring and - trapanning, as it is acted in and about the City of London. London, - Printed for M. H. at the Princes Armes, in Chancery-lane._ 1659. - - Ken = miller, house-breaker - lowre, or mint = wealth or money - Gigers jacked = locked doors - Tilers, or Cloyers, equivalent to shoplifters - Joseph, a cloak - Bung-nibber, or Cutpurse = a pickpocket. - - ―――― - - 2. _A Warning for Housekeepers; or, A discovery of all sorts of - thieves and Robbers which go under these titles, viz.—The Gilter, the - Mill, the Glasier, Budg and Snudg, File-lifter, Tongue-padder, The - private Theif. With Directions how to prevent them, Also an exact - description of every one of their Practices. Written by one who was a - Prisoner in Newgate. Printed for T. Newton_, 1676. - - Glasiers, thieves who enter houses, thro’ windows, first remouing a - pane of glass (p. 4). {xxii} - - The following is a Budg and Snudg song:— - - “The Budge it is a delicate trade, - And a delicate trade of fame; - For when that we have bit the bloe, - We carry away the game: - But if the cully nap us, - And the lurres from us take, - O then they rub us to the whitt, - And it is hardly worth a make. - But when that we come to the whitt - Our Darbies to behold, - And for to take our penitency, - And boose the water cold. - But when that we come out agen, - As we walk along the street, - We bite the Culley of his cole, - But we are rubbed unto the whitt. - And when that we come to the whitt, - For garnish they do cry, - Mary, faugh, you son of a wh―― - Ye shall have it by and by. - But when that we come to Tyburn, - For going upon the budge, - There stands Jack Catch, that son of a w―― - That owes us all a grudge - And when that he hath noosed us - And our friends tips him no cole - O then he throws us in the cart - And tumbles us into the hole.”—(pp. 5, 6.) - - [Footnote 37: We quote from four out of the five tracts contained in - the volume. The title of the tract we do not quote is ‘_Hanging not - Punishment enough_,’ etc., London, 1701.] - -On the last page of this short tract (which consists of eight pages) we -are promised: - - “In the next Part you shall have a fuller description.” - - ―――― - - 3. _Street Robberies consider’d; The reason of their being so - frequent, with probable means to prevent ’em: To which is added three - short Treatises_—1. _A Warning for Travellers_; 2. _Observations on - House-breakers_; 3. _A Caveat for Shopkeepers. London, J. Roberts._ [no - date] _Written by a converted Thief._ - -_Shepherd_ is mentioned in this book as being a clever prison breaker -(p. 6). There is a long list of slang words in this tract. The -following are only a few of them: - - Abram, Naked - Betty, a Picklock - Bubble-Buff, Bailiff - Bube, Pox - Chive, a Knife - Clapper dudgeon, a beggar born - Collar the Cole, Lay hold on the money {xxiii} - Cull, a silly fellow - Dads, an old man - Darbies, Iron - Diddle, Geneva - Earnest, share - Elf, little - Fencer, receiver of stolen goods - Fib, to beat - Fog, smoke - Gage, Exciseman - Gilt, a Picklock - Grub, Provender - Hic, booby - Hog, a shilling - Hum, strong - Jem, Ring - Jet, Lawyer - Kick, Sixpence - Kin, a thief - Kit, Dancing-master - Lap, Spoon-meat - Latch, let in - Leake, Welshman - Leap, all safe - Mauks, a whore - Mill, to beat - Mish, a smock - Mundungus, sad stuff - Nan, a maid of the house - Nap, an arrest - Nimming, stealing - Oss Chives, Bone-handled knives - Otter, a sailor - Peter, Portmantua - Plant the Whids, take care what you say - Popps, Pistols - Rubbs, hard shifts - Rumbo Ken, Pawn-brokers - Rum Mort, fine Woman - Smable, taken - Smeer, a painter - Snafflers, Highwaymen - Snic, to cut - Tattle, watch - Tic, trust - Tip, give - Tit, a horse - Tom Pat, a parson - Tout, take heed - Tripe, the belly - Web, cloth - Wobble, to boil - Yam, to eat - Yelp, a crier - Yest, a day ago - Zad, crooked - Znees, Frost - Zouch, an ungenteel man - &c., a Bookseller - - “The King of the Night, as the Constables please to term themselves, - should be a little more active in their employment; but all their - business is to get to a watch house and guzzle, till their time of - going home comes.” (p. 60.) - - “A small bell to Window Shutters would be of admirable use to prevent - Housebreakers.” (p. 70.) - - ―――― - - 4. _A true discovery of the Conduct of Receivers and Thief-Takers, in - and about the City of London_, &c., &c. _London_, 1718. - -This pamphlet is “design’d as preparatory to a larger Treatise, wherein -shall be propos’d Methods to extirpate and suppress for the future such -villanous Practices.” It is by “Charles Hitchin, one of the Marshals of -the City of London.” - -I now take leave of Harman, with a warm commendation of him to the -reader. {xxiv} - -―――― - -The third piece in the present volume is a larky Sermon in praise of -Thieves and Thievery, the title of which (p. 93, below) happened to -catch my eye when I was turning over the Cotton Catalogue, and which -was printed here, as well from its suiting the subject, as from a -pleasant recollection of a gallop some 30 years ago in a four-horse -coach across Harford-Bridge-Flat, where Parson Haben (or Hyberdyne), -who is said to have preached the Sermon, was no doubt robbed. My -respected friend Goody-goody declares the sermon to be ‘dreadfully -irreverent;’ but one needn’t mind him. An earlier copy than the Cotton -one turned up among the Lansdowne MSS, and as it differed a good deal -from the Cotton text, it has been printed opposite to that. - -Of the fourth piece in this little volume, _The Groundworke of -Conny-catching_, less its reprint from Harman, I have spoken above, at -p. xiv. There was no good in printing the whole of it, as we should -then have had Harman twice over. - -―――― - -The growth of the present Text was on this wise: Mr Viles suggested a -reprint of Stace’s reprint of Harman in 1573, after it had been read -with the original, and collated with the earlier editions. The first -edition I could not find, but ascertained, with some trouble, and -through Mr H. C. Hazlitt, where the second and third editions were, and -borrowed the 3rd of its ever-generous owner, Mr Henry Huth. Then Mr -Hazlitt told me of Awdeley, which he thought was borrowed from Harman. -However, Harman’s own words soon settled that point; and Awdeley had to -precede Harman. Then the real bagger from Harman, the _Groundworke_, -had to be added, after the Parson’s Sermon. Mr Viles read the proofs -and revises of Harman with the original: Mr Wood and I have made the -Index; and I, because Mr Viles is more desperately busy than myself, -have written the Preface. - -The extracts from Mr J. P. Collier must be taken for what they are -worth. I have not had time to verify them; but assume them to be -correct, and not ingeniously or unreasonably altered from their -originals, like Mr Collier’s print of Henslowe’s Memorial, of which -{xxv} Dr Ingleby complains,[38] and like his notorious Alleyn -letter. If some one only would follow Mr Collier through all his -work—pending his hoped-for Retractations,—and assure us that the two -pieces above-named, and the Perkins Folio, are the only things we need -reject, such some-one would render a great service to all literary -antiquarians, and enable them to do justice to the wonderful diligence, -knowledge, and acumen, of the veteran pioneer in their path. Certainly, -in most of the small finds which we workers at this Text thought we -had made, we afterwards found we had been anticipated by Mr Collier’s -_Registers of the Stationers’ Company_, or _Bibliographical Catalogue_, -and that the facts were there rightly stated. {xxvi} That there is -pure metal in Mr Collier’s work, and a good deal of it, few will doubt; -but the dross needs refining out. I hope that the first step in the -process may be the printing of the whole of the Stationers’ Registers -from their start to 1700 at least, by the Camden Society,—within -whose range this work well lies,—or by the new Harleian or some other -Society. It ought not to be left to the ‘Early English Text’ to do some -20 years hence. - - F. J. FURNIVALL. - - _29 Nov., 1869._ - - [Footnote 38: To obviate the possibility of mistake in the lection - of this curious document, Mr E. W. Ashbee has, at my request, and by - permission of the Governors of Dulwich College (where the paper is - preserved), furnished me with an exact fac-simile of it, worked off - on somewhat similar paper. By means of this fac-simile my readers - may readily assure themselves that in no part of the memorial is - Lodge called a “player;” indeed he is not called “Thos. Lodge,” and - it is only an inference, an unavoidable conclusion, that the Lodge - here spoken of is Thomas Lodge, the dramatist. Mr Collier, however, - professes to find that he is there called “Thos. Lodge,” and that it - [the Memorial] contains this remarkable grammatical inversion; - - “and haveinge some knowledge and acquaintaunce of him as a player, - requested me to be his baile,” - - which is evidently intended to mean, _as I had some knowledge and - acquaintance of Lodge as a player, he requested me to be his baile_. - But in this place the original paper reads thus, - - “and havinge of me some knowledge and acquaintnunce requested me to - be his bayle,” - - meaning, of course, _Lodge, having some knowledge and acquaintance - of me, requested me to be his bail_. - - The interpolation of the five words needed to corroborate Mr - Collier’s explanation of the misquoted passage from Gosson, and the - omission of two other words inconsistent with that interpolation, - may be thought to exhibit some little ingenuity; it was, however, - a feat which could have cost him no great pains. But the labour - of recasting the orthography of the memorial must have been - considerable; while it is difficult to imagine a rational motive to - account for such labour being incurred. To expand the abbreviations - and modernize the orthography might have been expedient, as it would - have been easy. But, in the name of reason, what is the gain of - writing _wheare_ and _theare_ for “where” and “there;” _cleere_, - _yeeld_, and _meerly_ for “clere,” “yealde,” and “merely;” _verie_, - _anie_, _laie_, _waie_, _paie_, _yssue_, and _pryvily_, for “very,” - “any,” “lay,” “way,” “pay,” “issue,” and “privylie;” _sondrie_, - _begon_, and _doen_ for “sundrie,” “began,” and “don;” and - _thintent_, _thaction_, and _thacceptaunce_ for “the intent,” “the - action,” and “the acceptaunce”?—p. 11 of Dr C. M. Ingleby’s ‘_Was - Thomas Lodge an Actor? An Exposition touching the Social Status of - the Playwright in the time of Queen Elisabeth_.’ Printed for the - Author by R. Barrett and Sons, 13 Mark Lane, 1868. 2_s._ 6_d._] - - P.S. For a curious Ballad describing beggars’ tricks in the 17th - century, say about 1650, see the Roxburghe Collection, i. 42–3, and - the Ballad Society’s reprint, now in the press for 1869, i. 137–41, - ‘_The cunning Northerne Beggar_’: 1. he shams lame; 2. he pretends to - be a poor soldier; 3. a sailor; 4. cripple; 5. diseased; 6. festered - all over, and face daubed with blood; 7. blind; 8. has had his house - burnt. - -―――― - - -NOTES. - - p. vii. ix, p. 19, 20. _Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, and her - parish._ The manor of Erith was granted to Elizabeth, Countess of - Shrewsbury, by Henry VIII. in the 36th year of his reign, A.D. 1544–5. - The Countess died in 1567, and was buried in the parish church of - Erith. “The manor of Eryth becoming part of the royal revenue, - continued in the crown till K. Henry VIII. in his 36th year, granted - it in fee to Elizabeth, relict of George, Earl of Shrewsbury, by the - description of the _manor, of Eryth, alias Lysnes_, with all its - members and appurts., and also all that wood, called Somersden, lying - in Eryth, containing 30 acres; and a wood, called Ludwood, there, - containing 50 acres; and a wood, called Fridayes-hole, by estimation, - 20 acres, to hold of the King _in capite_ by knight’s service.[39] - She was the second wife of George, Earl of {xxvii} Shrewsbury, Knight - of the Garter,[40] who died July 26, anno 33 K. Henry VIII.,[41] by - whom she had issue one son, John, who died young; and Anne, married - to Peter Compton, son and heir of Sir Wm. Compton, Knt., who died - in the 35th year of K. Henry VIII., under age, as will be mentioned - hereafter. Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, in Easter Term, in - the 4th year of Q. Elizabeth, levied a fine of this manor, with the - passage over the Thames; and dying in the tenth year of that reign, - anno 1567,[42] lies buried under a sumptuous tomb, in this church. - Before her death this manor, &c., seem to have been settled on her - only daughter Anne, then wife of Wm. Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, and - widow of Peter Compton, as before related, who was in possession of - it, with the passage over the Thames, anno 9 Q. Elizabeth.”—Hasted’s - _History of Kent_, vol. i. p. 196. - - p. ix. In Lambarde’s _Perambulation of Kent_ (edit. 1826), p. 66, he - mentions “Thomas Harman” as being one of the “Kentish writers.” - - Lambarde, in the same volume, p. 60, also mentions “Abacuk Harman” as - being the name of one “of suche of the nobilitie and gentrie, as the - Heralds recorded in their visitation in 1574.” - - There is nothing about Harman in Mr Sandys’s book on Gavelkind, &c., - _Consuetudines Cantiæ_. To future inquirers perhaps the following book - may be of use: - - “_Bibliotheca Cantiana_: A Bibliographical Account of what has been - published on the History, Topography, Antiquities, Customs, and Family - History of the County of Kent.” By John Russell Smith. - - p. 1, 12. _The xxv. Orders of Knaues._—Mr Collier gives an entry in - the Stationers’ Registers in 1585–6: “Edward White. Rd. of him, for - printinge xxij^{tl} ballades at iiij^d a peece—vij^s iiij^d, and - xiiij. more at ij^d a peece ij^s iiij^d . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix^s - viij^d” And No. 23 is “The xxv^{tle} orders of knaves.”—_Stat. Reg._ - ii. 207. - - p. 22. _The last Duke of Buckingham was beheaded._—Edward Stafford, - third Duke of Buckingham, one of Henry VIII’s and Wolsey’s victims, - was beheaded on Tower Hill, May 17, 1521, for ‘imagining’ the king’s - death. (‘The murnynge of Edward Duke of Buckyngham’ was one of certain - ‘ballettes’ licensed to Mr John Wallye and Mrs Toye in 1557–8, says - Mr J. P. Collier, _Stat. Reg._ i. 4.) His father (Henry Stafford) - before him suffered the same fate in 1483, having been betrayed by - his servant Bannister after his unsuccessful rising in Brecon.—_Percy - Folio Ballads_, ii. 253. {xxviii} - - p. 23. _Egiptians._ The Statute 22 Hen. VIII. c. 10 is _An Acte - concernyng Egypsyans_. After enumerating the frauds committed by - the “outlandysshe people callynge themselfes Egyptians,” the first - section provides that they shall be punished by Imprisonment and - loss of goods, and be deprived of the benefit of 8 Hen. VI. c. 29. - “de medietate linguæ.” The second section is a proclamation for the - departure from the realm of all such Egyptians. The third provides - that stolen goods shall be restored to their owners: and the fourth, - that one moiety of the goods seized from the Egyptians shall be given - to the seizer. - - p. 48, l. 5. _The Lord Sturtons man; and when he was executed._ - Charles Stourton, 7th Baron, 1548–1557:—“Which Charles, with the help - of four of his own servants in his own house, committed a shameful - murther upon one Hargill, and his son, with whom he had been long - at variance, and buried their Carcasses 50 foot deep in the earth, - thinking thereby to prevent the discovery; but it coming afterwards to - light, he had sentence of death passed upon him, which he suffer’d at - Salisbury, the 6th of March, Anno 1557, 4 Phil. & Mary, by an Halter - of Silk, in respect of his quality.”—_The Peerage of England_, vol. - ii. p. 24 (Lond., 1710). - - p. 77. _Saint Quinten’s._ Saint Quinten was invoked against coughs, - says Brand, ed. Ellis, 1841, i. 196. - - p. 77. _The Three Cranes in the Vintry._ “Then the Three Cranes’ lane, - so called, not only of _a sign of three cranes at a tavern door_, but - rather of three strong cranes of timber placed on the Vintry wharf by - the Thames side, to crane up wines there, as is afore showed. This - lane was of old time, to wit, the 9th of Richard II., called The - Painted Tavern lane, of the tavern being painted.”—Stow’s _Survey of - London_, ed. by Thoms, p. 90. - - “The Three Cranes was formerly a favourite London sign. With the usual - jocularity of our forefathers, an opportunity for punning could not - be passed; so, instead of the three cranes, which in the vintry used - to lift the barrels of wine, three birds were represented. The Three - Cranes in Thames Street, or in the vicinity, was a famous tavern as - early as the reign of James I. It was one of the taverns frequented by - the wits in Ben Jonson’s time. In one of his plays he says:— - - ‘A pox o’ these pretenders! to wit, your _Three Cranes_, Mitre and - Mermaid men! not a corn of true salt, not a grain of right mustard - among them all!’—_Bartholomew Fair_, act i. sc. 1. - - “On the 23rd of January, 1661/2 Pepys suffered a strong mortification - of the flesh in having to dine at this tavern with some poor - relations. The sufferings of the snobbish secretary must have been - intense:— - - ‘By invitation to my uncle Fenner’s, and where I found his new wife, - a _pitiful, old, ugly, ill-bred_ woman in a hatt, a mid-wife. Here - were many of his, and as many of her, relations, _sorry, mean people_; - and after choosing our gloves, we all went over to the Three Cranes - Taverne: {xxvix} and though the best room of the house, in such a - narrow dogghole we were crammed, and I believe we were near 40, that - it made me loath my company and victuals, and a very poor dinner it - was too.’ - - “Opposite this tavern people generally left their boats to shoot - the bridge, walking round to Billingsgate, where they would reenter - them.”—Hotten’s _History of Signboards_, p. 204. - - p. 77. _Saynt Iulyans in Thystellworth parish._ ‘Thistleworth, see - Isleworth,’ says Walker’s Gazetteer, ed. 1801. That there might well - have been a St Julyan’s Inn there we learn from the following extract: - - “St. Julian, the patron of travellers, wandering minstrels, - boatmen,[43] &c., was a very common inn sign, because he was supposed - to provide good lodgings for such persons. Hence two St Julian’s - crosses, in saltier, are in chief of the innholders’ arms, and - the old motto was:—‘When I was harbourless, ye lodged me.’ This - benevolent attention to travellers procured him the epithet of ‘the - good herbergeor,’ and in France ‘_bon herbet_.’ His legend in a MS., - Bodleian, 1596, fol. 4, alludes to this:— - - ‘Therfore yet to this day, thei that over lond wende, - They biddeth Seint Julian, anon, that gode herborw he hem sende; - And Seint Julianes Pater Noster ofte seggeth also - For his faders soule, and his moderes, that he hem bring therto.’ - - And in ‘_Le dit de s Heureux_,’ an old French fabliau:— - - ‘Tu as dit la patenotre - Saint Julian à cest matin, - Soit en Roumans, soit en Latin; - Or tu seras bien ostilé.’ - - In mediæval French, _L’hotel Saint Julien_ was synonymous with good - cheer. - - ‘―Sommes tuit vostre. - Par Saint Pierre le bon Apostre, - L’ostel aurez Saint Julien,’ - - says Mabile to her feigned uncle in the fabliau of ‘_Boivin de - Provins_;’ and a similar idea appears in ‘Cocke Lorell’s bote,’ where - the crew, after the entertainment with the ‘relygyous women’ from the - Stews’ Bank, at Colman’s Hatch, - - ‘Blessyd theyr shyppe when they had done, - And dranke about a _Saint Julyan’s_ tonne.’ - Hotten’s _History of Signboards_,” p. 283. - - “Isleworth in Queen Elizabeth’s time was commonly in conversation, - {xxx} and sometimes in records, called Thistleworth.”—Lysons’ - _Environs of London_, vol. iii. p. 79. - - p. 77. _Rothered_: ? Rotherhithe. - - p. 77. _The Kynges Barne_, betwene Detforde and Rothered, can hardly - be the great hall of Eltham palace. Lysons (_Environs of London_, iv. - p. 399) in 1796, says the hall was then used as a barn; and in vol. - vi. of the _Archæologia_, p. 367, it is called “King John’s Barn.” - - p. 77. _Ketbroke._ Kidbrooke is marked in large letters on the east - of Blackheath on the mordern Ordnance-map; and on the road from - Blackheath to Eltham are the villages or hamlets of Upper Kidbrooke - and Lower Kidbrooke. - - “Kedbrooke lies adjoining to Charlton, on the south side of the London - Road, a small distance from Blackheath. It was antiently written - Cicebroc, and was once a parish of itself, though now (1778 A.D.) it - is esteemed as an appendage to that of Charlton.”—Hasted’s _History of - Kent_, vol. i. p. 40. - - p. 100. _Sturbridge Fair._ Stourbridge, or Sturbich, the name of a - common field, extending between Chesterton and Cambridge, near the - little brook Sture, for about half a mile square, is noted for its - fair, which is kept annually on September 19th, and continues a - fortnight. It is surpassed by few fairs in Great Britain, or even in - Europe, for traffic, though of late it is much lessened. The booths - are placed in rows like streets, by the name[s] of which they are - called, as Cheapside, &c., and are filled with all sorts of trades. - The Duddery, an area of 80 or 100 yards square, resembles Blackwell - Hall. Large commissions are negotiated here for all parts of England - in _cheese_, woolen goods, wool, leather, hops, upholsterers’ and - ironmongers’ ware, &c. &c. Sometimes 50 hackney coaches from London, - ply morning and night, to and from Cambridge, as well as all the towns - round, and the very barns and stables are turned into inns for the - accommodation of the poorer people. After the wholesale business is - over, the country gentry generally flock in, laying out their money in - stage-plays, taverns, music-houses, toys, puppet-shows, &c., and the - whole concludes with a day for the sale of horses. This fair is under - the jurisdiction of the University of Cambridge.—_Walker’s Gazetteer_, - ed. 1801. See Index to Brand’s _Antiquities_. - - [Footnote 39: Rot. Esch. ejus an, pt. 6.] - - [Footnote 40: This lady was one of the daughters and co-heirs of - Sir Richard Walden, of this parish, Knt., and the Lady Margaret his - wife, who both lie buried in this church [of Erith]. He was, as I - take it, made Knight of the Bath in the 17th year of K. Henry VII., - his estate being then certified to be 40_l._ per annum, being the - son of Richard Walden, esq. Sir Richard and Elizabeth his wife both - lie buried here. _MSS. Dering._] - - [Footnote 41: Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 332.] - - [Footnote 42: Harman’s dedication of his book to her was no doubt - written in 1566, and his 2nd edition, in both states, published - before the Countess’s death.] - - [Footnote 43: Of pilgrims, and of whoremongers, say Brand and Sir - H. Ellis (referring to the _Hist. des Troubadours_, tom. i. p. 11,) - in _Brand’s Antiquities_, ed. 1841, i. 202. Chaucer makes him the - patron of hospitality, saying of the Frankeleyn, in the Prologue - to the _Canterbury Tales_, “Seynt Iulian he was in his contre.” Mr - Hazlitt, in his new edition of Brand, i. 303, notes that as early - as the _Ancren Riwle_, ab. 1220 A.D., we have ‘Surely they (the - pilgrims) find St. Julian’s inn, which wayfaring men diligently - seek.’] - -{1} - - - - - _THE - Fraternitye of Vacabondes._ - - As wel of ruflyng Vacabondes, as of beggerly, of - women as of men, of Gyrles as of Boyes, - - with - - _their proper names and qualities_. - - With a description of the crafty company of - - Cousoners and Shifters. - - ¶ Wherunto also is adioyned - - the .xxv. Orders of Knaues, - - otherwyse called - - a Quartern of Knaues. - - _Confirmed for euer by Cocke Lorell._ - - - ( * ) - - - ¶ The Vprightman speaketh. - - ¶ Our Brotherhood[44] of Vacabondes, - If you would know where dwell: - In graues end Barge which syldome standes, - The talke wyll shew ryght well. - - - ¶ Cocke Lorell aunswereth. - - ¶ Some orders of my Knaues also - In that Barge shall ye fynde: - For no where shall ye walke I trow, - But ye shall see their kynde. - - ¶ Imprinted at London by Iohn Awdeley, dwellyng in little - Britayne streete without Aldersgate. - 1575. - - [Footnote 44: _Orig._ Brothethood.] - -{2} - - -[Sidenote: [leaf 1_b_.]] - -¶ _The Printer to the Reader._ - - ++THis brotherhood of Vacabondes, - To shew that there be such in deede - Both Iustices and men of Landes, - Wyll testifye it if it neede. - For at a Sessions as they sat, - By chaunce a Vacabond was got. - - ¶ Who promysde if they would him spare, - And keepe his name from knowledge then: - He would as straunge a thing declare, - As euer they knew synce they were men. - But if my fellowes do know (sayd he) - That thus I dyd, they would kyll me. - - ¶ They graunting him this his request, - He dyd declare as here is read, - Both names and states of most and least, - Of this their Vacabondes brotherhood. - Which at the request of a worshipful ma_n_ - I haue set it forth as well as I can. - -FINIS. - -{3} - - - [Sidenote: [leaf 2]] - - ¶ _The_ - - Fraternitye of Vacabondes - - both rufling and beggerly, - - Men and women, Boyes and Gyrles, - - wyth - - their proper names and qualities. - - Whereunto are adioyned - - the company of Cousoners and Shifters. - - -¶ AN ABRAHAM MAN. - -++AN Abraham man is he that walketh bare armed, and bare legged, and -fayneth hym selfe mad, and caryeth a packe of wool, or a stycke with -baken on it, or such lyke toy, and nameth himselfe poore Tom. - - -¶ A RUFFELER. - -A Ruffeler goeth wyth a weapon to seeke seruice, saying he hath bene -a Seruitor in the wars, and beggeth for his reliefe. But his chiefest -trade is to robbe poore wayfaring men and market women. - - -¶ A PRYGMAN. - -A Prygman goeth with a stycke in hys hand like an idle person. His -propertye is to steale cloathes of the hedge, which they call storing -of the Rogeman: or els filtch Poultry, carying them to the Alehouse, -whych they call the Bowsyng In, & ther syt playing at cardes and dice, -tyl that is spent which they haue so fylched. {4} - - -¶ A WHIPIACKE. - -A Whypiacke is one, that by coulor of a counterfaite Lisence (which -they call a Gybe, and the seales they cal Iarckes) doth vse to beg lyke -a Maryner, But hys chiefest trade is to rob Bowthes in a Faire, or to -pilfer ware fro_m_ staules, which they cal heauing of the Bowth. - - -¶ A FRATER. - -A Frater goeth wyth a like Lisence to beg for some Spittlehouse or -Hospital. Their pray is co_m_monly vpo_n_ [leaf 2_b_.] poore women as -they go and come to the Markets. - - -¶ A QUIRE BIRD. - -A Quire bird is one that came lately out of prison, & goeth to seeke -seruice. He is co_m_monly a stealer of Horses, which they terme a -Priggar of Paulfreys. - - -¶ AN VPRIGHT MAN. - -An Vpright man is one that goeth wyth the trunchion of a staffe, which -staffe they cal a Filtchma_n_. This man is of so much authority, that -meeting with any of his profession, he may cal them to accompt, & -co_m_maund a share or snap vnto him selfe, of al that they haue gained -by their trade in one moneth. And if he doo them wrong, they haue no -remedy agaynst hym, no though he beate them, as he vseth co_m_monly to -do. He may also co_m_maund any of their women, which they cal Doxies, -to serue his turne. He hath y_e_ chiefe place at any market walke, & -other assembles, & is not of any be co_n_troled. - - -¶ A CURTALL. - -A Curtall is much like to the Vpright man, but hys authority is not -fully so great. He vseth commonly to go with a short cloke, like to -grey Friers, & his woman with him in like liuery, which he calleth his -Altham if she be hys wyfe, & if she be his harlot, she is called hys -Doxy. - - -¶ A PALLIARD. - -A Palliard is he that goeth in a patched cloke, and hys Doxy goeth in -like apparell. {5} - - -¶ AN IRISHE TOYLE. - -An Irishe toyle is he that carieth his ware in hys wallet, as laces, -pins, poyntes, and such like. He vseth to shew no wares vntill he haue -his almes. And if the good man and wyfe be not in the way, he procureth -of the ch[i]lldre_n_ or seruants a fleece of wool, or the worth of -xij.d. of some other thing, for a peniworth of his wares. - -[Sidenote: [leaf 3.]] - - -¶ A IACK MAN. - -A Iackeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin. He -vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets to -Seales, in their language called Iarkes. - - -¶ A SWYGMAN. - -A Swygman goeth with a Pedlers pack. - - -¶ A WASHMAN. - -A Washman is called a Palliard, but not of the right making. He vseth -to lye in the hye way with lame or sore legs or armes to beg. These -me_n_ y_e_ right Pilliards wil often times spoile, but they dare not -co_m_playn. They be bitten with Spickworts, & somtime with rats bane. - - -¶ A TINKARD. - -A Tinkard leaueth his bag a sweating at the Alehouse, which they terme -their Bowsing In, and in the meane season goeth abrode a begging. - - -¶ A WYLDE ROGE. - -A wilde Roge is he that hath no abiding place but by his coulour of -going abrode to beg, is commonly to seeke some kinsman of his, and all -that be of hys corporation be properly called Roges. - - -¶ A KITCHEN CO. - -A Kitchin Co is called an ydle runagate Boy. - - -¶ A KITCHEN MORTES. - -A Kitchin Mortes is a Gyrle, she is brought at her full age to the -Vpryght man to be broken, and so she is called a Doxy, vntil she come -to y_e_ honor of an Altham. {6} - - -¶ DOXIES. - -Note especially all which go abroade working laces and shirt stringes, -they name them Doxies. - - -¶ A PATRIARKE CO. - -A Patriarke Co doth make mariages, & that is vntill [leaf 3_b_.] death -depart the maried folke, which is after this sort: When they come to -a dead Horse or any dead Catell, then they shake hands and so depart -euery one of them a seuerall way. - -―――― - - -¶ THE COMPANY OF COUSONERS AND SHIFTERS. - - -¶ A CURTESY MAN. - -A Curtesy man is one that walketh about the back lanes in London in the -day time, and sometime in the broade streetes in the night season, and -when he meeteth some handsome yong man clenly apareled, or some other -honest Citizen, he maketh humble salutatio_n_s and low curtesy, and -sheweth him that he hath a worde or two to speake with his mastership. -This child can behaue him selfe manerly, for he wyll desire him that he -talketh withall, to take the vpper hand, and shew him much reuerence, -and at last like his familier acquaintaunce will put on his cap, and -walke syde by syde, and talke on this fashion: Oh syr, you seeme to be -a man, and one that fauoureth men, and therefore I am the more bolder -to breake my mind vnto your good maistership. Thus it is syr, ther -is a certaine of vs (though I say it both taule and handsome men of -theyr hands) which haue come lately from the wars, and as God knoweth -haue nothing to take to, being both maisterles and moniles, & knowing -no way wherby to yerne one peny. And further, wher as we haue bene -welthely brought vp, and we also haue beene had in good estimatio_n_, -we are a shamed now to declare our misery, and to fall a crauing as -common Beggers, and as for to steale and robbe, (God is our record) it -striketh vs to [leaf 4] the hart, to thinke of such a mischiefe, that -euer any handsome man should fall into such a {7} daunger for thys -worldly trash. Which if we had to suffise our want and necessity, we -should neuer seeke thus shamefastly to craue on such good pityfull men -as you seeme to be, neither yet so daungerously to hasarde our liues -for so vyle a thing. Therefore good syr, as you seeme to be a handsome -man your selfe, and also such a one as pitieth the miserable case of -handsome men, as now your eyes and countenaunce sheweth to haue some -pity vppon this my miserable complainte: So in Gods cause I require -your maistershyp, & in the behalfe of my poore afflicted fellowes, -which though here in sight they cry not with me to you, yet wheresouer -they bee, I am sure they cry vnto God to moue the heartes of some good -men to shew forth their liberality in this behalfe. All which & I with -them craue now the same request at your good masterships hand. With -these or such like words he frameth his talke. Now if the party (which -he thus talketh withall) profereth hym a peny or .ii.d. he taketh it, -but verye scornfully, and at last speaketh on this sorte: Well syr, -your good will is not to be refused. But yet you shall vnderstand (good -syr) that this is nothing for them, for whom I do thus shamefastly -entreate. Alas syr, it is not a groate or .xii.d. I speake for, being -such a company of Seruiters as wee haue bene: yet neuertheles God -forbid I should not receiue your ge_n_tle offer at this time, hoping -hereafter through your good motions to some such lyke good gentleman -as you be, that I, or some of my fellowes in my place, shall finde -the more liberality. These kind of ydle Vacabondes wyll go commonly -well appareled, without [leaf 4 _b_.] any weapon, and in place where -they meete together, as at their hosteryes or other places, they wyll -beare the port of ryght good gentlemen, & some are the more trusted, -but co_m_monly thei pay them w_i_t_h_ stealing a paire of sheetes, or -Couerlet, & so take their farewell earely in the morning, before the -mayster or dame be sturring. - - -¶ A CHEATOUR OR FINGERER. - -These commonly be such kinde of idle Vacabondes as scarcely a man -shall discerne, they go so gorgeously, sometime with waiting men, and -sometime without. Their trade is to walke in such places, where as -gentelmen & other worshipfull Citizens do resorte, as at {8} Poules, -or at Christes Hospital, & somtime at y_e_ Royal exchaunge. These haue -very many acquaintaunces, yea, and for the most part will acquaint them -selues with euery man, and fayne a society, in one place or other. -But chiefly they wil seeke their acquaintaunce of such (which they -haue learned by diligent enquiring where they resort) as haue receyued -some porcioun of money of their friends, as yong Gentlemen which are -sent to London to study the lawes, or els some yong Marchant man or -other kynde of Occupier, whose friendes hath geuen them a stock of -mony[45] to occupy withall. When they haue thus found out such a pray, -they will find the meanes by theyr familiarity, as very curteously -to bid him to breakefast at one place or other, where they are best -acquainted, and closely amonge themselues wil appoint one of their -Fraternity, which they call a Fyngerer, an olde beaten childe, not -onely in such deceites, but also such a one as by his age is painted -out with gray heares, wrinkled face, crooked back, and most commonly -lame, as it might seeme with age, [leaf 5] yea and such a one as to -shew a simplicity, shal weare a homely cloke and hat scarce worth .vi. -d. This nimble fingred knight (being appointed to this place) co_m_meth -in as one not knowen of these Cheatours, but as vnwares shal sit down -at the end of the bord where they syt, & call for his peny pot of -wine, or a pinte of Ale, as the place serueth. Thus sitting as it were -alone, mumblyng on a crust, or some such thing, these other yonckers -wil finde some kind of mery talke with him, some times questioning -wher he dwelleth, & sometimes enquiring what trade he vseth, which -co_m_monly he telleth them he vseth husbandry: & talking thus merely, -at last they aske him, how sayest thou, Father, wylt thou play for thy -breakfast with one of vs, that we may haue some pastime as we syt? -Thys olde Karle makyng it straunge at the first saith: My maysters, -ich am an old man, and halfe blinde, and can skyl of very few games, -yet for that you seeme to be such good Gentelmen, as to profer to play -for that of which you had no part, but onely I my selfe, and therefore -of right ich am worthy to pay for it, I shal with al my hart fulfyl -your request. And so falleth to play, somtime at Cardes, & sometime -at dice. Which through his cou_n_terfait simplicity {9} in the play -somtimes ouer counteth himself, or playeth somtimes against his wyl, -so as he would not, & then counterfaiteth to be angry, and falleth to -swearing, & so leesing that, profereth to play for a shillyng or two. -The other therat hauing good sport, seming to mocke him, falleth againe -to play, and so by their legerdemane, & cou_n_terfaiting, winneth ech -of them a shilling or twain, & at last whispereth the yong man in the -eare to play with hym also, that ech one might haue a fling at him. -[leaf 5_b_.] This yong ma_n_ for company falleth againe to play also -with the sayd Fyngerer, and winneth as the other did which when he had -loste a noble or .vi. s. maketh as though he had lost al his mony, and -falleth a intreating for parte thereof againe to bring him home, which -the other knowing his mind and intent, stoutely denieth and iesteth, & -scoffeth at him. This Fingerer seeming then to be in a rage, desireth -the_m_ as they are true gentlemen, to tarry till he fetcheth more -store of money, or els to point some place where they may meete. They -seeming greedy hereof, promiseth faithfully and clappeth handes so to -meete. They thus ticklyng the young man in the eare, willeth him to -make as much money as he can, and they wil make as much as they can, -and co_n_sent as though they wil play booty against him. But in the -ende they so vse the matter, that both the young man leeseth his part, -and, as it seemeth to him, they leesing theirs also, and so maketh as -though they would fal together by the eares with this fingerer, which -by one wyle or other at last conueyeth him selfe away, & they as it -were raging lyke mad bedlams, one runneth one way, an other an other -way, leauing the loser indeede all alone. Thus these Cheatours at -their accustomed hosteries meete closely together, and there receiue -ech one his part of this their vile spoyle. Of this fraternity there -be that be called helpers, which commonly haunt tauernes or alehouses, -and co_m_meth in as men not acquainted with none in the companye, -but spying them at any game, wil byd them God spede and God be at -their game, and will so place him selfe that he will shew his fellow -by sygnes and tokens, without speech commonly, but sometime with far -fetched [leaf 6] wordes, what cardes he hath in his hand, and how he -may play against him. And those betwene the_m_ both getteth money out -of the others purse. - - [Footnote 45: _Orig._ mony.] - -{10} - - -¶ A RING FALLER. - -A Ryng faller is he that getteth fayre copper rings, some made like -signets, & some after other fashio_n_s, very faire gylded, & walketh -vp and down the streetes, til he spieth some man of the country, or -some other simple body whom he thinketh he may deceaue, and so goeth a -lyttle before him or them, and letteth fall one of these ringes, which -when the party that commeth after spieth and taketh it vp, he hauing an -eye backward, crieth halfe part, the party that taketh it vp, thinking -it to be of great value, profereth him some money for his part, which -he not fully denieth, but willeth him to come into some alehouse or -tauerne, and there they will common vpon the matter. Which when they -come in, and are set in some solitary place (as commonly they call for -such a place) there he desireth the party that found the ring to shew -it him. When he seeth it, he falleth a entreating the party that found -it, and desireth him to take money for his part, and telleth him that -if euer he may do him any frendship hereafter he shal commaund him, -for he maketh as though he were very desirous to haue it. The symple -man seeing him so importune vpon it, thinketh the ring to bee of great -valure, and so is the more lother to part from it. At last this ring -faller asketh him what he will geue him for his part, for, saith he, -seeing you wyl not let me haue the ring, alowe me my part, and take -you the ring. The other asketh what he counteth the ring to be worth, -he answereth, v. or vi. pound. No, saith he, it is not so much worth. -[leaf 6 _b_.] Well (saith this Ringfaller) let me haue it, and I wyll -alow you .xl. s. for your part. The other party standyng in a doubt, -and looking on the ryng, asketh if he wyll geue the money out of hand. -The other answereth, he hath not so much ready mony about him, but he -wil go fetch so much for him, if he wil go with him. The other that -found the ring, thinking he meaneth truly, beginneth to profer him .xx. -s. for his part, sometymes more, or les, which he verye scornfullye -refuseth at the first, and styl entreateth that he might haue the ring, -which maketh the other more fonder of it, and desireth him to take the -money for his part, & so profereth him money. This ring faller seing -y^e mony, maketh it very strau_n_ge, and first questioneth with him -wher he dwelleth, and asketh him {11} what is his name, & telleth him -that he semeth to be an honest man, and therfore he wil do somwhat -for friendships sake, hoping to haue as friendly a pleasure at his -hand hereafter, and so profereth hym for .x. s. more he should haue -the ryng. At last, with entreatye on both partes, he geueth the Ring -faller the money, and so departeth, thinkyng he hath gotten a very -great Iewell. These kynde of deceyuing Vacabondes haue other practises -with their rings, as somtimes to come to buy wares of mens Prentesies, -and somtimes of their Maisters, and when he hath agreed of the price, -he sayth he hath not so much money about him, but pulleth of one of -these rings of from his fyngers, and profereth to leaue it in pawne, -tyl his Maister or his friendes hath sene it, so promising to bring the -money, the seller thinking he meaneth truly, letteth him go, and neuer -seeth him after, tyll perhaps at Tyburne or at such lyke place. Ther is -another kinde of [leaf 7] these Ring choppers, which co_m_monly cary -about them a faire gold ring in deede, and these haue other counterfait -rings made so lyke this gold ring, as ye shal not perceiue the -contrary, tyl it be brought to y^e touchstone. This child wyl come to -borow mony of the right gold ring, the party mistrusting the Ring not -to be good, goeth to the Goldsmith with the partye that hath the ryng, -and tryeth it whether it be good golde, and also wayeth it to know how -much it is worth. The Goldsmith tryeth it to be good gold, and also to -haue hys ful weight like gold, and warenteth the party which shall lend -the money that the ring is worth so much money according to the waight, -this yoncker comming home with the party which shall lend the money, -and hauing the gold ring againe, putteth vp the gold ring, and pulleth -out a counterfaite ring very like the same, & so deliuereth it to the -party which lendeth the money, they thinking it to be the same which -they tryed, and so deliuereth the money or sometimes wares, and thus -vily be deceiued. - -{12} - - - ¶ _THE_ - - .XXV. Orders of Knaues, - - _otherwise called_ - - a quarterne of Knaues, - - _confirmed for euer by Cocke Lorell_. - - -1 TROLL AND TROLL BY. - -++TRoll and Trol by, is he that setteth naught by no man, nor no man -by him. This is he that would beare rule in a place, and hath none -authority nor thanke, & at last is thrust out of the doore like a knaue. - - -2 TROLL WITH. - -Troll with is he _tha_t no man shall know the seruaunt from y^e -Maister. This knaue with his cap on his head [leaf 7 _b_.] lyke Capon -hardy, wyll syt downe by his Maister, or els go cheeke by cheeke with -him in the streete. - - -3 TROLL HAZARD OF TRACE. - -Troll hazard of trace is he that goeth behynde his Maister as far as -he may see hym. Such knaues commonly vse to buy Spice-cakes, Apples, -or other trifles, and doo eate them as they go in the streetes lyke -vacabond Boyes. {13} - - -4 TROLL HAZARD OF TRITRACE. - -Troll hazard of tritrace, is he that goeth gaping after his Master, -looking to and fro tyl he haue lost him. This knaue goeth gasyng about -lyke a foole at euery toy, and then seeketh in euery house lyke a -Maisterles dog, and when his Maister nedeth him, he is to seeke. - - -5 CHAFE LITTER. - -Chafe Litter is he that wyll plucke vp the Fether-bed or Matrice, -and pysse in the bedstraw, and wyl neuer ryse vncalled. This knaue -berayeth many tymes in the corners of his Maisters chamber, or other -places inconuenient, and maketh cleane hys shooes with the couerlet or -curtaines. - - -6 OBLOQUIUM. - -Obloquium is hee that wyll take a tale out of his Maisters mouth and -tell it him selfe. He of right may be called a malapart knaue. - - -7 RINCE PYTCHER. - -Rince Pytcher is he that will drinke out his thrift at the ale or wine, -and be oft times dronke. This is a licoryce knaue that will swill his -Maisters drink, and brybe his meate that is kept for him. - - -8 JEFFREY GODS FO. - -Jeffery Gods Fo is he, that wil sweare & maintaine [leaf 8] othes. -This is such a lying knaue that none wil beleue him, for the more he -sweareth, y_e_ les he is to be beleued. - - -9 NICHOL HARTLES. - -Nichol Hartles is he, that when he should do ought for his Maister hys -hart faileth him. This is a Trewand knaue that faineth himselfe sicke -when he should woorke. - - -10 SIMON SOONE AGON. - -Simon soone agon is he, that when his Mayster hath any thing to do, he -wil hide him out of the way. This is a loytring knaue that wil hide him -in a corner and sleepe or els run away. {14} - - -11 GRENE WINCHARD. - -Greene Winchard is he, that when his hose is broken and hange out at -his shoes, he will put them into his shooes againe with a stick, but -he wyll not amend them. This is a slouthfull knaue, that had leauer go -lyke a begger then cleanly. - - -12 PROCTOUR. - -Proctour is he, that will tary long, and bring a lye, when his Maister -sendeth him on his errand. This is a stibber gibber Knaue, that doth -fayne tales. - - -13 COMMITOUR OF TIDINGES. - -Commitour of Tidings is he, that is ready to bring his Maister Nouels -and tidinges, whether they be true or false. This is a tale bearer -knaue, that wyll report words spoken in his Maisters presence. - - -14 GYLE HATHER. - -Gyle Hather is he, that wyll stand by his Maister when he is at dinner, -and byd him beware that he eate no raw meate, because he would eate it -himselfe. This is a pickthanke knaue, that would make his Maister [leaf -8 _b_.] beleue that the Cowe is woode. - - -15 BAWDE PHISICKE. - -Bawde Phisicke, is he that is a Cocke, when his Maysters meate is euyll -dressed, and he challenging him therefore, he wyl say he wyll eate -the rawest morsel thereof him selfe. This is a sausye knaue, that wyl -contrary his Mayster alway. - - -16 MOUNCH PRESENT. - -Mounch present is he that is a great gentleman, for when his Mayster -sendeth him with a present, he wil take a tast thereof by the waye. -This is a bold knaue, that sometyme will eate the best and leaue the -worst for his Mayster. {15} - - -17 COLE PROPHET. - -Cole Prophet is he, that when his Maister sendeth him on his errand, -he wyl tel his answer therof to his Maister or he depart from hym. -This tittiuell knaue commonly maketh the worst of the best betwene hys -Maister and his friende. - - -18 CORY FAUELL. - -Cory fauell is he, that wyl lye in his bed, and cory the bed bordes -in which hee lyeth in steede of his horse. This slouthfull knaue wyll -buskill and scratch when he is called in the morning, for any hast. - - -19 DYNG THRIFT. - -Dyng thrift is he, that wil make his Maisters horse eate pies and rybs -of beefe, and drinke ale and wyne. Such false knaues oft tymes, wil -sell their Maisters meate to their owne profit. - - -20 ESEN DROPPERS. - -Esen Droppers bene they, that stand vnder mens wales or windowes, or in -any other place, to heare the [leaf 9] secretes of a mans house. These -misdeming knaues wyl stand in corners to heare if they be euill spoken -of, or waite a shrewd turne. - - -21 CHOPLOGYKE. - -Choplogyke, is he that when his mayster rebuketh him of hys fault he -wyll geue hym .xx. wordes for one, els byd the deuils Pater noster in -silence. This proude prating knaue wyll maintaine his naughtines when -he is rebuked for them. - - -22 VNTHRIFTE. - -Vnthrift, is he that wil not put his wearing clothes to washing, nor -black his owne shoes, nor amend his his (_sic_) own wearing clothes. -This rechles knaue wyl alway be lousy: and say that hee hath no more -shift of clothes, and slaunder his Maister. - - -23 VNGRACIOUS. - -Vngracious, is he _tha_t by his own will, will heare no maner of -seruice, without he be compelled therunto by his rulers. This Knaue -{16} wil sit at the alehouse drinking or playing at dice, or at other -games at seruice tyme. - - -24 NUNQUAM. - -Nunquam, is he that when his Maister sendeth him on his errand he wil -not come againe of an hour or two where he might haue done it in halfe -an houre or lesse. This knaue will go about his owne errand or pastime -and saith he cannot speede at the first. - - -25 INGRATUS. - -Ingratus, is he that when one doth all that he can for him, he will -scant geue him a good report for his labour. This knaue is so ingrate -or vnkind, _tha_t he considreth not his frend fro_m_ his fo, & wil -requit euil for good & being put most in trust, wil sonest deceiue his -maister. - -_FINIS._ - - - [Sidenote: [leaf 9 _b_.]] - - Imprinted at London by - Iohn Awdely dwelling - in little Britaine streete - without Aldersgate. - -[Illustration] - -[Original in Bodleian Library, 4º. R. 21. Art. Seld.] - -{17} - - - - - A Caueat or Warening, - FOR COMMEN CVRSE- - TORS VVLGARELY CALLED - Vagabones, set forth by Thomas Harman, - Esquiere, for the vtilite and proffyt of his naturall - Cuntrey. Augmented and inlarged by the fyrst author here of. - - _Anno Domini. M.D.LXVII._ - - ¶ _Vewed, examined, and allowed, according vnto the - Queenes Maiestyes Iniunctions._ - - [Illustration] - - ¶ Imprinted at London, in Fletestrete, at the signe of the - Falcon, by _Wylliam Gryffith_, and are to be sold at his shoppe in - Saynt Dunstones Churche yarde, in the West. - Anno Domini. 1567. - - [The Bodley edition of 1567 omits ‘or Warening’ in line 1, and - ‘Anno Domini. 1567.’ at foot; and substitutes ‘Newly Augmented and - Imprinted’ for ‘Augmented . . . here of’, line 6.] - - 2 - -{19} - -[Headnote: THE EPISTLE.] - - [Sidenote: [leaf 2]] - - ¶ To the ryght honorable and my singular good Lady, Elizabeth Countes - of Shrewsbury, Thomas Harman wisheth all ioye and perfite felicitie, - here and in the worlde to come. - -++AS of Auncient and longe tyme there hath bene, and is now at this -present, many good, godly, profitable lawes and actes made and -setforthe in this most noble and floryshynge realme, for the reliefe, -succour, comforte, and sustentacion of the poore, nedy, impotent, and -myserable creatures beinge and inhabiting in all parts of the same; -So is there (ryghte honorable and myne especyall good Lady) most -holsom estatutes, ordinances, and necessary lawes, made, setforth, and -publisshed, for the extreme punishement of all vagarantes and sturdy -vacabons, as passeth throughe and by all parts of this famous yle, most -idelly and wyckedly: and I wel, by good experience, vnderstandinge and -consideringe your most tender, pytyfull, gentle, and noble nature,—not -onelye hauinge a vygelant and mercifull eye to your poore, indygente, -and feable parishnores; yea, not onely in the parishe where your honour -moste happely doth dwell, but also in others inuyroninge or nighe -adioyning to the same; As also aboundantly powringe out dayely your -ardent and bountifull charytie vppon all such as commeth for reliefe -vnto your luckly gates,— - - I thought it good, necessary, and my bounden dutye, to acquaynte your - goodnes with the abhominable, wycked, and detestable behauor of all - these rowsey, ragged rabblement of rakehelles, that—vnder the pretence - of great misery, dyseases, and other innumerable calamites {20} whiche - they fayne—through great hipocrisie do wyn and gayne great almes in - all places where they wyly wander, to the vtter deludinge of the good - geuers, deceauinge and impouerishing of all such poore housholders, - both sicke and sore, as nether can or maye walke abroad for reliefe and - comforte (where, in dede, most mercy is to be shewed). And for that I - (most honorable Lady), beinge placed as a poore gentleman, haue kepte - a house these twenty yeares, where vnto pouerty dayely hath and doth - repayre, not without some reliefe, as my poore callinge and habylytie - maye and doth extende: I haue of late yeares gathered a great suspition - that all should not be well, and, as the prouerbe saythe, “sume thinge - lurke and laye hyd that dyd not playnely apeare;” for I, hauinge more - occation, throughe sickenes, to tary and remayne at home then I haue - bene acustomed, do, by my there abyding, talke [46]and confere dayly - with many of these wyly wanderars of both sortes, as well men and - wemmen, as boyes and gyrles, by whom I haue [leaf 2, back] gathered and - vnderstande their depe dissimulation and detestable dealynge, beinge - maruelous suttle and craftye in there kynde, for not one amongst twenty - wyll discouer, eyther declare there scelorous secretes: yet with fayre - flatteringe wordes, money, and good chere, I haue attained to the typ - by such as the meanest of the_m_ hath wandred these xiii. yeares, and - most xvi. and some twenty and upward,[47] and not withoute faythfull - promesse made vnto them neuer to discouer their names or any thinge - they shewed me; for they would all saye, yf the vpright men should - vnderstand thereof, they should not be only greuouslye beaten, but - put in daunger of their lyues, by the sayd vpright men. There was a - fewe yeares since a small bréefe setforth of some zelous man to his - countrey, of whom I knowe not, that made a lytle shewe of there names - and vsage, and gaue a glymsinge lyghte, not sufficient to perswade of - their peuishe peltinge and pickinge[48] practyses, but well worthy - of prayse. But (good madame), with nolesse trauell then good wyll, I - haue repayred and rygged the Shyp of knowledge, and haue hoyssed vp - the sayles of good fortune, that {21} she maye safely passe aboute - and through all partes of this noble realme, and there make porte sale - of her wyshed wares, to the confusion of their drowsey demener and - vnlawfull language, pylfring pycking, wily wanderinge, and lykinge - lechery, of all these rablement of rascales that raunges about al - _th_e costes of the same, So _tha_t their vndecent, dolefull dealing - and execrable exercyses may apere to all as it were in a glasse, that - therby the Iusticers _and_ Shréeues may in their circutes be more - vygelant to punishe these malefactores, and the Counstables, Bayliffes, - and bosholders,[49] settinge asyde all feare, slouth, _and_ pytie, may - be more circomspect in executing the charg geuen them by the aforesayd - Iusticers. Then wyll no more this rascall rablement raunge about the - countrey. Then greater reliefe may be shewed to _th_e pouerty of eche - parishe. Then shall we kepe our Horses in our pastures vnstolen. Then - our lynnen clothes shall and maye lye safelye one our hedges vntouched. - Then shall we not have our clothes and lynnen hoked out at our wyndowes - as well by day as by night. Then shall we not haue our houses broken vp - in the night, as of late one of my nyghtbors had and two great buckes - of clothes stolen out, and most of the same fyne Lynnen. Then shall - we safely kepe our pigges and poultrey from pylfring. Then shall we - surely passe by [50]_th_e hygh waies leading to markets _and_ fayres - vnharmed. Then shall our Shopes and bothes be vnpycked _and_ spoyled. - Then shall these vncomly companies be dispersed and set to labour - for their lyuinge, or hastely hang for [leaf 3] their demerites. - Then shall it incourrage a great number of gentle men and others, - seing this securitie, to set vp houses and kepe hospitalytie in the - countrey, to the comfort of their nighboures, releife of the poore, - and to the amendement of the common welth. Then shall not sinne and - wickednes so much abound among vs. Then wil gods wrath be much _th_e - more pacified towards vs. Then shall we not tast of so many and sondry - plages, as now dayely raigneth ouer vs. And then shall this Famous - Empyre be in more welth _and_ better florysh, to the inestymable ioye - _and_ comfort of the Quenes most excelent maiestye, whom god of his - {22} infinyte goodnes, to his great glory, long and many yeares make - most prosperously to raygne ouer vs, to the great Felycitye of all the - Peres and Nobles, and to the vnspeakable ioye, releife, and quietnes of - minde, of all her faythfull Commons _and_ Subiectes. Now, me thinketh, - I se how these peuysh, peruerse, and pestile_n_t people begyn to freat, - fume, sweare, and stare at this my booke, their lyfe being layd open - and aparantly paynted out, that their confusion and end draweth one a - pase. Where as in dede, if it be well waied, it is set forth for their - synguler profyt and co_m_moditie, for the sure safegard of their lyues - here in this world, that they shorten not the same before[51] their - time, and that by their true labour and good lyfe, in the world to com - they may saue their Soules, that Christ, the second person in [the] - Trinytie, hath so derely bought w_i_t_h_ his most precious bloud: so - that hereby I shall do them more good then they could haue deuised - for them selues. For behold, their lyfe being so manyfest wycked and - so aparantlye knowen, The honorable wyl abhore them, The worshipfull - wyll reiecte them, The yemen wyll sharpely tawnte them, The Husband - men vtterly defye them, The laboryng men bluntly chyde them, The wemen - with a loud exclamation[52] wonder at them, And all Children with - clappinge handes crye out at them. I manye times musing with my selfe - at these mischeuous misliuers, merueled when they toke their oryginall - _and_ beginning; how long they haue exercised their execrable wandring - about. I thought it méete to confer with a very old man that I was well - acquaynted with, whose wyt _and_ memory is meruelous for his yeares, - beinge about the age of fourescore, what he knewe when he was yonge of - these lousey leuterars. And he shewed me, that when he was yonge he - wayted vpon a man of much worshyp in Kent, who died immediatly after - the last Duke of Buckingham was beheaded: at his buryall there was - such a number of beggers, besides poore housholders dwelling there - abouts, that vnneth they mighte lye or stande aboute the House: then - was there [leaf 3, back] prepared for them a great and a large barne, - and a great fat oxe sod out in Furmenty for them, with bread _and_ - drinke aboundantly to furnesh out the premisses; and euery person had - two pence, for such was the {23} dole. When Night approched, _th_e - pore housholdere repaired home to their houses: the other wayfaring - bold beggers remained alnight in _th_e barne; and the same barne being - serched with light in the night by this old man (and then yonge), - with[53] others, they tolde seuen score persons of men, euery of them - hauing his woma_n_, except it were two wemen that lay alone to gether - for some especyall cause. Thus hauing their makes to make mery withall, - the buriall was turned to bousing _and_ belly chere, morning to myrth, - fasting to feasting, prayer to pastyme _and_ pressing of papes, and - lamenting to Lechery. So that it may apere this vncomly company hath - had a long continuance, but then nothinge geuen so much to pylferinge, - pyckinge, and spoyling; and, as far as I can learne or vnderstand by - the examination of a number of them, their languag—which they terme - peddelars Frenche or Canting—began but within these xxx. yeeres,[54] - lytle aboue; and that the first inuenter therof was hanged, all saue - the head; for that is the fynall end of them all, or els to dye of - some filthy and horyble diseases: but much harme is don in the meane - space by their continuance, as some x., xii., and xvi. yeares before - they be consumed, and the number of them doth dayly renew. I hope their - synne is now at the hyghest; and that as short and as spedy a redresse - wylbe for these, as hath bene of late yeres for _th_e wretched, wily, - wandering vagabonds calling and naming them selues Egiptians, depely - dissembling and long hyding _and_ couering their depe, decetfull - practises,—feding the rude common people, wholy addicted and geuen to - nouelties, toyes, and new inuentions,—delyting them with the strangenes - of the attyre of their heades, and practising paulmistrie to such as - would know their fortunes: And, to be short, all theues and hores (as - I may well wryt),—as some haue had true experience, a number can well - wytnes, and a great sorte hath well felte it. And now (thankes bée to - god), throughe wholsome lawes, and the due execution thereof, all be - dispersed, banished,[55] _and_ the memory of them cleane extynguished; - that when they bée once named here after, our Chyldren wyll muche - meruell what kynd of people they were: and so, I trust, shal shortly - happen of these. {24} For what thinge doth chiefely cause these rowsey - rakehelles thus to continue and dayly increase? Surely a number of - wicked parsons that kéepe typlinge Houses in all shires, where they - haue succour and reliefe; and what so euer they bring, they are sure to - receaue money for [leaf 4] the same, for they sell good penyworthes. - The byers haue _th_e greatest gayne; yea, yf they haue nether money nor - ware, they wylbe trusted; their credite is much. I haue taken a note - of a good many of them, _and_ wil send their names and dwelling-places - to such Iusticers as dwelleth nere or next vnto them, that they by - their good wisdomes may displace the same, and auctoryse such as haue - honesty. I wyl not blot my boke with their names, because they be - resident. But as for this fletinge Fellowshyp, I haue truly setforth - the most part of them that be doers at this present, with their names - that they be knowene by. Also, I haue placed in the end therof their - leud language, calling the same pedlers French or Canting. And now shal - I end my prologue, makinge true declaration (right honorable Lady) as - they shal fall in order of their vntymelye tryfelinge time, leud lyfe, - and pernitious practises, trusting that the same shall neyther trouble - or abash your most tender, tymerous, and pytifull Nature, to thinke the - smal mede should growe vnto you for such Almes so geuen. For god, our - marcifull and most louing father, well knoweth your hartes and good - intent,—the geuer neuer wanteth his reward, according to the sayinge of - Saynt Augustyn: as there is (neyther shalbe) any synne vnpunished, euen - so shall there not be eny good dede vnrewarded. But how comfortably - speaketh Christ our Sauiour vnto vs in his gospel (“geue ye, and it - shalbe geuen you againe”): behold farther, good Madam, that for a cup - of colde water, Christ hath promised a good reward. Now saynt Austen - properly declareth why Christ speaketh of colde water, because the - poorest man that is shall not excuse him selfe from that cherytable - warke, least he would, parauenture, saye that he hath neyther wood, - pot, nor pan to warme any water with. Se, farther, what god speaketh - in the mouth of his prophet, Esaye, “breake thy bread to him that is - a hongred;” he sayth not geue him a hole lofe, for paraduenture the - poore man hath it not to geue, then let him geue a pece. This much - is sayd because the poore that hath it should not {25} - be excused: now how much more then the riche? Thus you se, good - madam, for your treasure here dispersed, where nede and lacke - is, it shalbe heaped vp aboundantly for you in heauen, - where neither rust or moth shall corupt or destroy - the same. Vnto which tryumphant place, after - many good, happy, and fortunat yeres pros- - perouslye here dispended, you maye for - euer and euer there most ioyfully - remayne. A men. - -¶¶ _FINIS_ - -{26} - -[Illustration] - - Thre things to be noted all in their kynde - A staff, a béesom, and wyth, that wyll wynde - - ¶ A béesome of byrche, for babes very feete,[56] - A longe lastinge lybbet for loubbers as méete - A wyth to wynde vp, that these wyll not kéepe - Bynde all up in one, and vse it to swéepe - -[This page is printed at the back of the title page in Bodley edition.] - - [Footnote 46: leaf 2 _b_. Bodley edition (B).] - - [Footnote 47: The severe Act against vagrants, Ed. VI., c. 3, was - passed in 1548, only 19 years before the date of this 2nd edition.] - - [Footnote 48: The 1573 edition reads _pynking_.] - - [Footnote 49: So printed in both 1567 editions. 1573 reads - _housholders_; but _Borsholders_ is doubtless meant.] - - [Footnote 50: leaf 3. B.] - - [Footnote 51: Printed “_brfore_”] - - [Footnote 52: _reclamation._ B.] - - [Footnote 53: The 1573 edition reads _and_] - - [Footnote 54: The 1573 edition here inserts the word _or_] - - [Footnote 55: _vanished._ B.] - - [Footnote 56: _fyt._ B.] - -{27} - -[Headnote: HARMON. TO THE READER.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 5]] - - -¶ THE EPISTLE TO THE READER. - -++AL though, good Reader, I wright in plain termes—and not so playnly -as truely—concerning the matter, meaning honestly to all men, and wyshe -them as much good as to myne owne harte; yet, as there hathe bene, so -there is nowe, and hereafter wylbe, curyous heds to finde faultes: -wherefore I thought it necessary, now at this seconde Impression, to -acquaynt _th_e with a great faulte, as some takethe it, but none[57] -as I meane it, callinge these Vagabonds Cursetors in the intytelynge -of my booke, as runneres or rangers aboute the countrey, deriued -of this Laten word (_Curro_): neither do I wryght it Cooresetores, -with a duble[58] oo; or Cowresetors, with a w, which hath an other -signification: is there no deuersite betwen a gardein and a garden, -maynteynaunce _and_ maintenance, Streytes and stretes? those that haue -vnderstanding knowe there is a great dyfference: who is so ignorant -by these dayes as knoweth not the meaning of a vagabone? and yf an -ydell leuterar should be so called of eny man, would not he thi_n_k -it bothe odyous and reprochefull? wyll he not shonne the name? ye, -and where as he maye and dare, w_i_t_h_ bent browes, wyll reueng that -name of Ingnomy: yet this playne name vagabone is deryued, as others -be, of Laten wordes, and now vse makes it commen to al men; but let vs -loke back four .C. yeres sithens, _and_ let vs se whether this playn -word vagabon was vsed or no. I beleue not, and why? because I rede of -no such name in the old estatutes of this realme, vnles it be in the -margente of the booke, or in the Table, which in the collection and -pryntinge was set in; but these were then the co_m_men names of these -leud leuterars, Faytores, Robardesmen, Drawlatches, _and_ valyant -beggares. Yf I should haue vsed suche wordes, or the same order of -wryting, as this realme vsed in Kynge Henry the thyrd or Edward _th_e -fyrstes tyme, oh, what a grose, barberous fellow [leaf 5, back] haue we -here! his wryting is both homely and darke, that wee had nede to haue -an interpretar: yet then it was verye well, and in short season a great -change we see . well, this delycat age shall haue his tyme on the {28} -other syde. Eloquence haue I none; I neuer was acquaynted with the -muses; I neuer tasted of Helycon. But accordinge to my playne order, I -haue setforth this worke, symplye and truelye, with such vsual words -and termes as is among vs wel known and frequented. So that as _th_e -prouerbe saythe, “all though truth be blamed, it shal neuer be shamed.” -well, good reader, I meane not to be tedyous vnto the, but haue added -fyue or sixe more tales, because some of them weare donn whyle my booke -was fyrste in the presse; and as I truste I haue deserued no rebuke -for my good wyll, euen so I desyre no prayse for my payne, cost, and -trauell. But faithfullye for the proffyt and benyfyt of my countrey I -haue don it, that the whole body of the Realme may se and vnderstand -their leud lyfe and pernitious practisses, that all maye spedelye helpe -to amend that is amysse. Amen saye all with me. - - [Footnote 57: The 1573 ed. reads _not_.] - - [Footnote 58: This word is omitted in the 1573 ed.] - -Finis - -{29} - -[Sidenote: [leaf 6]] - - -¶ A RUFFLER. Ca. 1.[59] - -++THE Rufflar, because he is first in degre of this odious order: And -is so called in a statute made for the punishment of Vacabonds, In -the xxvij. yeare of Kyng Henry the eight, late of most famous memory: -Hée shall be first placed, as the worthiest of this vnruly rablement. -And he is so called when he goeth first abroad; eyther he hath serued -in the warres, or els he hath bene a seruinge man; and, weary of well -doing, shakinge of all payne, doth chuse him this ydle lyfe, and -wretchedly wanders aboute the most shyres of this realme. And with -stout audacyte, [60] demaundeth where he thinketh hée maye be bolde, -and circomspecte ynough, as he sethe cause to aske charitie, rufully -and lamentably, that it would make a flyntey hart to relent, and pytie -his miserable estate, howe he hath bene maymed and broused in the -warres; _and_, parauenture, some wyll shew you some outward wounde, -whiche he gotte at some dronken fraye, eyther haltinge of some preuye -wounde festred with a fylthy firy flankard. For be well assured that -the hardist souldiers be eyther slayne or maymed, eyther and[61] they -escape all hassardes, and retourne home agayne, if they bée without -reliefe of their friends, they wyl surely desperatly robbe and steale, -and[62] eyther shortlye be hanged or miserably dye in pryson; for they -be so much ashamed and disdayne to beg or aske charity, that rather -they wyll as desperatlye fight for to lyue and mayntayne them selues, -as manfully and valyantly they ventred them selues in the Prynces -quarell. Now these Rufflars, the out castes of seruing men, when -begginge or crauinge fayles, then they pycke and pylfer, from other -inferiour beggeres that they méete by the waye, as Roages, Pallyardes, -Mortes, and Doxes. Yea, if they méete with a woman alone ridinge to -the market, eyther olde man or boye, that hée well knoweth wyll not -resiste, such they filche and spoyle. These rufflars, after a yeare or -two at the farthest, become vpryght men, vnlesse they be preuented by -twind hempe. {30} - - [Footnote 59: The chapters are not noted in the Bodley ed.] - - [Footnote 60: The 1573 ed. here inserts the word _he_] - - [Footnote 61: 1573 reads _if_] - - [Footnote 62: 1573 has _or_] - -++{ I had of late yeares an old man to my tennant, who customably a -greate tyme went twise in the wéeke to London, eyther } wyth fruite -or with pescodes, when tyme serued therefore. And as he was comminge -homewarde on blacke heathe, at the end thereof next to shotars hyl, -he ouer tooke two rufflars, the one manerly wayting on the other, as -one had ben the maister, _and_ the other the man or seruant, [leaf 6, -back] caryinge his maisteres cloke. this olde man was verye glad that -hee might haue their company ouer the hyl, because that day he had -made a good market; for hée had seuen shyllinges in his purse, and a -nolde angell, which this poore man had thought had not bene in his -purse, for hée wylled his wyfe ouer night to take out the same angell, -and laye it vp vntyll his comminge home agayne. And he verely thought -that his wyfe had so don, whiche in dede for got to do it. Thus after -salutations had, this maister rufflar entered into co_m_munication with -this simple olde man, who, ridinge softlye beside them, commoned of -many matters. Thus fedinge this old man with pleasaunt talke, vntyll -they weare one the toppe of the hyll, where these rufflares might -well beholde the coaste about them cleare, Quiclye stepes vnto this -poore man, and taketh holde of his horse brydell, and leadeth him in -to the wode, and demaundeth of him what and how much money he had in -his purse. “Now, by my troth,” quoth this old man; “you are a merrye -gentle man. I knowe you meane not to take a waye anye thinge from me, -but rather to geue me some if I shoulde aske it of you.” By and by, -this seruant thiefe casteth the cloke that he caried on his arme about -this poore mans face, that he should not marke or vew them, with sharpe -words to delyuer quicly that he had, and to confesse truly what was -in his purse. This poore man, then all abashed, yelded, and confessed -that he had but iust seuen shyllinges in his purse; and the trouth is -he knew of no more. This old angell was falen out of a lytle purse -into the botome of a great purse. Now, this seuen shyllings in whyte -money they quickly founde, thinkinge in dede that there had bene no -more; yet farther groping and searchinge, found this old angell. And -with great admiration, this gentleman thyefe begane to blesse hym, -sayinge, “good lorde, what a worlde is this! howe maye” (quoth hée) -“a man beleue {31} or truste in the same? se you not” (quoth he) “this -old knaue tolde me that he had but seuen shyllings, and here is more -by an angell: what an old knaue and a false knaue haue we here!” quoth -this rufflar; “oure lorde haue mercy on vs, wyll this worlde neuer be -better?”—and there with went their waye. And lefte the olde man in the -wood, doinge him no more harme. But sorowfully sighinge, this olde -man, returning home, declared his misaduenture, with all the words and -circumstaunces aboue shewed. Wherat, for the tyme was great laughing, -and this poore man for his losses among his louing neighboures well -considered in the end. - - -¶ A VPRIGHT MAN. Ca. 2. - -[Sidenote: [leaf 7]] - -++A Vpright[63] man, the second in secte of this vnsemely sorte, must -be next placed, of these rainginge rablement of rascales; some be -seruing men, artificers, and laboryng men traded vp in husbandry. These -not mindinge to get their lyuinge with the swete of their face, but -casting of all payne, wyll wander, after their wycked maner, through -the most shyres of this realm,— - -++{ As Sommerset shyre, Wylshire, Barke shyre, Oxforde shyre, -Harfordeshyre, Myddilsex, Essex, Suffolke, Northfolke, Sussex, } -Surrye, and Kent, as the cheyfe and best shyres of reliefe. Yea, not -with out punishment by stockes, whyppinges, and imprisonment, in most -of these places aboue sayde. Yet, not with standinge they haue so -good lykinge in their lewed, lecherous loyteringe, that full quiclye -all their punishmentes is[64] for gotten. And repentaunce is neuer -thought vpon vntyll they clyme thrée tres with a ladder. These vnrewly -rascales, in their roylynge, disperse them selues into seuerall -companyes, as occation serueth, sometyme more and somtyme lesse. As, -if they repayre to a poore husbandmans house, hée wyll go a lone, or -one with him, and stoutely demaund his charytie, eyther shewing how he -hath serued in the warres, and their maymed, eyther that he sekethe -seruice, and saythe that he woulde be glad to take payne for hys -lyuinge, althoughe he meaneth nothinge lesse. {32} Yf he be offered -any meate or drynke, he vtterlye refusethe scornefully, and wyll nought -but money; and yf he espye yong pyges or pultry, he well noteth the -place, and they the next night, or shortly after, hée wyll be sure to -haue some of them, whyche they brynge to their stawlinge kens, which is -their typplyng houses, as well knowen to them, according to the olde -prouerbe, “as the begger knowes his dishe.” For you must vnderstand, -euery Typplyng ale house wyll neyther receiue them or their wares, -but some certayne houses in euery shyre, especially for that purpose, -where they shalbe better welcome to them then honester men. For by such -haue they most gayne, and shalbe conuayde eyther into some loft out of -the waye, or other secret corner not commen to any other; and thether -repayre, at accustomed tymes, their harlots, whiche they terme Mortes -and Doxes,—not with emty hands; for they be as skilfull in picking, -riffling, _and_ filching as the vpright men, and nothing inferior to -them in all kind of wyckednes, as in other places hereafter they shalbe -touched. At these foresayde peltinge, peuish places and vnmannerly -metinges, O! how the pottes walke about! their talki_n_g tounges talke -at large. They bowle and bowse one to another, and for the tyme bousing -belly chere. And after there ruysting recreation, [leaf 7, back] yf -there be not rome ynough in the house, they haue cleane strawe in some -barne or backehouse nere adioyning, where they couch comly to gether, -and[65] it were dogge and byche; and he that is hardyste maye haue his -choyse, vnlesse for a lytle good maner; some wyll take there owne that -they haue made promyse vnto, vntyll they be out of sight, and then, -according to the old adage, “out of minde.” Yet these vpright men stand -so much vpon their reputation, as they wyl in no case haue their wemen -walke with them, but seperat them selues for a tyme, a moneth or more. -And mete at fayres, or great markets, where they mete to pylfer and -steale from staules, shoppes, or bothes. At these fayres the vpryght -men vse commonly to lye _and_ lingar in hye wayes by lanes, some prety -way or distaunce from _th_e place, by which wayes they be assured that -compeny passeth styll two and fro. And ther they[66] wyll demaund, -with cap in hand and comly curtesy, the deuotion and charity of _th_e -people. They {33} haue ben much lately whipped at fayrs. Yf they aske -at a stout yemans or farmars house his charity, they wyll goe strong as -thre or foure in a company. Where for feare more then good wyll, they -often haue reliefe. they syldome or neuer passe by a Iustices house, -but haue by wayes, vnlesse he dwell alone, and but weakely manned; -thether wyll they also go strong, after a slye, suttle sorte, as with -their armes bounde vp with kercher or lyste, hauinge wrapte about -the same filthy clothes, either their legges in such maner bewrapped -halting down right. Not vnprouided of good codg[e]ls, which they cary -to sustayne them, and, as they fayne, to kéepe gogges[67] from them, -when they come to such good gentlemens houses. Yf any searche be -made or they suspected for pylfring clothes of hedgges, or breaking -of houses, which they commonly do when the owners bée eyther at the -market, church, or other wayes occupyed aboute their busines,—eyther -robbe some sely man or woman by the hye waye, as many tymes they -do,—Then they hygh them into wodes, great thickets, and other ruffe -corners, where they lye lurkinge thre or foure dayes to gether, and -haue meate and drinke brought them by theyre Mortes, and Doxes; -and whyle they thus lye hydden in couert, in the night they be not -idle,—nether, as _th_e common saying is, “well occupyed;” for then, as -the wyly foxe, crepinge out of his den, seketh his praye for pultery, -so do these for lynnen and any thinge els worth money, that lyeth about -or near a house. As somtyme a whole bucke of clothes caryed awaye at a -tyme. When they haue a greatter booty then they maye cary awaye quickly -to their stawling kendes, as is aboue sayd, They wyll hyde the same -for a thre dayes in some thicke couert, and [leaf 8] in the night time -carye the same, lyke good water Spanlles, to their foresayd houses. -To whom they wyll discouer where or in what places they had the same, -where the markes shalbe pycked out cleane, _and_ conuayed craftely -fare of, to sell. If the man or woman of the house want money the_m_ -selues. [68]If these vpright men haue nether money nor wares, at these -houses they shalbe trusted for their vitales, and it amount to twentye -or thirty shyllings. Yea, if it fortune any of these vpright men to -be taken, either suspected, or charged with fellony or petye {34} -brybrye, don at such a tyme or such a place, he wyll saye he was in -his hostes house. And if the man or wyfe of that house be examined by -an officer, they boldelye vouche, that the[y] lodged him suche a tyme, -whereby the truth cannot appeare. And if they chaunce to be retained -into seruice, through their lamentable words, with any welthy man, -They wyll tary but a smale tyme, either robbing his maister or som -of his fellowes. And some of them vseth this polocye, that although -they trauayle into al these shyres, aboue said, yet wyl they haue good -credite, espiciallye in one shyre, where at diuers good farmars houses -they be wel knowen, where they worke a moneth in a place or more, and -wyll for that time behaue them selues very honestly _and_ paynfully; -And maye at any tyme, for their good vsage, haue worke of them; and to -these at a ded lyft, or last refuge, they maye safely repayre vnto and -be welcom, When in other places, for a knacke of knauery that they haue -playd, thei dare not tary. These vpright men wil sildom or neuer want; -for what is gotten by anye Mort, or Doxe, if it please him, hée doth -comaunde the same. And if he mete any begger, whether he be sturdye -or impotent, he wyll demaund of him, whether euer he was stalled to -the roge or no. If he saye he was, he wyll know of whom, and his name -_tha_t stalled hym. And if he be not learnedly able to shewe him the -whole circumstaunce thereof, he wyll spoyle him of his money, either of -his best garment, if it be worth any money, and haue him to the bowsing -ken, Which is to some typpling house next adioyninge; and laieth their -to gage the best thing that he hath for twenty pence or two shyllinges: -this man obeyeth for feare of beating. Then doth this vpright man call -for a gage of bowse, whiche is a quarte pot of drinke, and powres the -same vpon his peld pate, adding these words:—“I. G. P. do stalle thée -W. T. to the Roge, and that from hence forth it shall be lawefull for -the to Cant”—that is, to aske or begge—“for thy liuing in al places.” -Here you se _tha_t the vpright man is of great auctorite. For all -sortes of beggers are obedient to his hests, and surmounteth all others -in pylfring and stealinge. ¶ I lately had standinge in my [leaf 8, -back] well house, which standeth on the backeside of my house, a great -cawdron of copper, beinge then full of water, hauinge in the same halfe -a doson {35} of pewter dyshes, well marked, and stamped w_i_t_h_ the -connizance of my armes, whiche being well noted when they were taken -out, were set a side, the water powred out, and my caudren taken awaye, -being of such bygnes that one man, vnlesse he were of great strength, -was not able far to cary the same. Not withstandinge, the same was one -night within this two yeares conuayed more then half a myle from my -house, into a commen or heth, And ther bestowed in a great firbushe. I -then immediatly the next day sent one of my men to London, and there -gaue warning in Sothwarke, kent strete, and Barmesey stréete, to all -the Tynckars there dwelling,—That if any such Caudron came thether -to be sold, the bringar therof should be stayed, and promised twenty -shyllings for a reward. I gaue also intelligence to the water men that -kept the ferres, that no such vessel should be ether conuayd to London -or into essex, promysing the lyke reward, to haue vnderstanding therof. -This my doing was well vnderstand in many places about, and that the -feare of espyinge so troubled _th_e conscience of the stealer, that my -caudoren laye vntouched in the thicke firbushe more then halfe a yeare -after, which, by a great chaunce, was found by hunteres for conneys; -for one chaunced to runne into the same bushe where my caudren was, and -being perceaued, one thrust his staffe into the same bushe, and hyt my -caudren a great blowe, the sound whereof dyd cause the man to thinke -and hope that there was some great treasure hidden, wherby he thought -to be the better whyle he lyued. And in farther searching he found my -caudren; so had I the same agayne vnloked for. - - [Footnote 63: Printed “_vpreght_.” _vpright_ in Bodley ed.] - - [Footnote 64: 1573, _be_] - - [Footnote 65: 1573, _as_] - - [Footnote 66: _the._ B.] - - [Footnote 67: _dogges._ B.] - - [Footnote 68: 1573 inserts _and_] - - -¶ A HOKER, OR ANGGLEAR. Cap. 3. - -++THese hokers, or Angglers, be peryllous and most wicked knaues, and -be deryued or procede forth from the vpright men; they commenly go in -frese ierkynes and gally slopes, poynted benethe the kne; these when -they practise there pylfringe, it is all by night; for, as they walke -a day times from house to house, to demaund charite, they vigelantly -marke where or in what place they maye attayne to there praye, casting -there eyes vp to euery wyndow, well noting what they se their, whether -apparell or linnen, hanginge nere vnto the sayde wyndowes, and that -wyll they {36} be sure to haue _th_e next night folowing; for they -customably carry with them a staffe of v. or vi. foote long, in which, -within one ynch of _th_e tope therof, ys a lytle hole bored through, -[leaf 9] in which hole they putte an yron hoke, and with the same they -wyll pluck vnto them quickly any thing _tha_t they may reche ther with, -which hoke in the day tyme they couertly cary about them, and is neuer -sene or taken out till they come to the place where they worke there -fete: such haue I sene at my house, and haue oft talked with them -and haue handled ther staues, not then vnderstanding to what vse or -inte_n_t they serued, although I hadde and perceiued, by there talke -and behauiour, great lykelyhode of euyll suspition in them: they wyl -ether leane vppon there staffe, to hyde the hole thereof, when they -talke with you, or holde their hande vpon the hole; and what stuffe, -either wollen or lynnen, they thus hoke out, they neuer carye the same -forth with to their staulyng kens, but hides the same a iij. daies -in some secret corner, _and_ after conuayes the same to their houses -abouesaid, where their host or hostys geueth them money for the same, -but halfe the value that it is worth, or els their doxes shall a farre -of sell the same at the like houses. I was credebly informed that a -hoker came to a farmers house in the ded of the night, and putting -back a drawe window of a low cha_m_ber, the bed standing hard by the -sayd wyndow, in which laye three parsones (a man and two bygge boyes), -this hoker with his staffe plucked of their garme_n_ts which lay vpon -them to kepe them warme, with the couerlet and shete, and lefte them -lying a slepe naked sauing there shertes, and had a way all clene, and -neuer could vnderstande where it became. I verely suppose that when -they wer wel waked with cold, they suerly thought that Robin goodfelow -(accordin̄ge to the old saying) had bene with them that night. - - -¶ A ROGE. Cap. 4. - -++A Roge is neither so stoute or hardy as the vpright man. Many of -them will go fayntly and looke piteously when they sée, either méete -any person, hauing a kercher, as white as my shooes, tyed about their -head, with a short staffe in their hand, haltinge, although they nede -not, requiring almes of such as they {37} méete, or to what house -they shal com. But you may easely perceiue by their colour _tha_t thei -cary both health and hipocrisie about them, wherby they get gaine, -when others want that cannot fayne and dissemble. Others therebee that -walke sturdely about _th_e cou_n_trey, _and_ faineth to seke a brother -or kinsman of his, dwelling within som part of _th_e shire;—ether that -he hath a letter to deliuer to som honest housholder, dwelling out of -an other Shyre, and will shewe you the same fayre sealed, with the -superscription to [leaf 9, back] the partye he speaketh of, because -you shall not thinke him to runne idelly about the countrey;—either -haue they this shyfte, they wyll cary a cirtificate or pasport about -them from som Iusticer of the peace, with his hand and seale vnto the -same, howe hée hath bene whipped and punished for a vacabonde according -to the lawes of this realme, and that he muste returne to .T., where -he was borne or last dwelt, by a certayne daye lymited in the same, -whiche shalbe a good longe daye. And all this fayned, bycause without -feare they woulde wyckedly wander, and wyll renue the same where or -when it pleasethe them; for they haue of their affinity that can wryte -and read. These also wyll picke and steale as the vpright men, and -hath their women and metinges at places apoynted, and nothinge to them -inferiour in all kynde of knauery. There bée of these Roges Curtales, -wearinge shorte clokes, that wyll chaunge their aparell, as occation -seruethe. And their end is eyther hanginge, whiche they call trininge -in their language, or die miserably of the pockes. - -¶ There was not long sithens two Roges that alwaies did associate them -selues together, _and_ would neuer seperat them selues, vnles it were -for some especiall causes, for they were sworn brothers, _and_ were -both of one age, and much like of favour: these two, trauelinge into -east kent, resorted vnto an ale house there,[69] being weried with -traueling, saluting with short curtisey, when they came into the house, -such as thei sawe sitting there, in whiche company was the parson of -the parish; and callinge for a pot of the best ale, sat downe at the -tables ende: the lykor liked them so well, that they had pot vpon pot, -and sometyme, for a lytle good maner, would drinke and offer the cup -to such as they best fancied; and to be short, they sat {38} out al -the company, for eche man departed home aboute their busines. When they -had well refreshed them selues, then these rowsy roges requested the -good man of the house wyth his wyfe to sit downe and drinke with them, -of whome they inquired what priest the same was, and where he dwelt: -then they fayninge that they had an vncle a priest, and that he should -dwel in these partes, which by all presumptions it should be he, and -that they came of purpose to speake with hym, but because they had not -sene hym sithens they were sixe yeares olde, they durst not be bold -to take acquayntance of him vntyl they were farther instructed of the -truth, and began to inquier of his name, and how longe he had dwelt -there, and how farre his house was of from _th_e place they were in: -the good wyfe of the house, thynkinge them honest men without disceit, -because they so farre enquyred of their kinseman, was but of a good -zelous naturall intent, shewed them cherefully that hee [leaf 10] -was an honest man _and_ welbeloued in the parish, and of good welth, -_and_ had ben there resident xv. years at the least; “but,” saith -she, “are you both brothers?” “yea, surely,” said they, “we haue bene -both in one belly, _and_ were twinnes.” “Mercy, god!” q_uoth_ this -folish woman; “it may wel be, for ye be not much vnlike,”—and wente -vnto her hall windowe, callinge these yong men vnto her, and loking -out therat,[70] pointed with her fingar _and_ shewed them the house -standing alone, no house nere the same by almoste a quarter of a myle; -“that,” sayd[71] she, “is your vncles house.” “Nay,” saith one of -them, “he is not onely my vncle, but also my godfather.” “It may well -be,” q_uoth_ she, “nature wyll bind him to be the better vnto you.” -“Well,” q_uoth_ they, “we be weary, and meane not to trouble our vncle -to-night; but to-morowe, god willinge, we wyll sée him and do our -duty: but, I pray you, doth our vncle occupy husbandry? what company -hath he in his house.” “Alas!” saith she, “but one old woman _and_ a -boy, he hath no occupying at al: tushe,” q_uoth_ this good wyfe, “you -be mad men; go to him this night, for hée hath better lodging for you -then I haue, _and_ yet I speake folishly against my[72] own profit, -for by your taring[73] here I should gaine _th_e more by you.” “Now, -by my troth,” q_uoth_ one of them, “we thanke {39} you, good hostes, -for your holsome councell, and we meane to do as you wyll vs: we wyl -pause a whyle, and by that tyme it wylbe almost night; _and_ I praye -you geue vs a reckeninge,”—so, manerly paying for that they toke, bad -their hoste and hostes farewell with takinge leaue of the cup, marched -merelye out of the dores towardes this parsones house, vewed the same -well rounde about, and passed by two bowshotes of into a younge wodde, -where they laye consultinge what they shoulde do vntyll midnight. -Quoth one of them, of sharper wyt and subtyller then the other, to hys -fellowe, “thou seest that this house is stone walled about, and that -we cannot well breake in, in any parte thereof; thou seest also that -the windowes be thicke of mullions, that ther is no kreping in betwene: -wherefore we must of necessytie vse some policye when strength wil not -serue. I haue a horse locke here about me,” saith he; “and this I hope -shall serue oure turne.” So when it was aboute xii. of the clocke, they -came to the house and lurked nere vnto his chamber wyndowe: the dog of -the house barked a good, that with they[74] noise, this priest waketh -out of his sléepe, and began to cough and hem: then one of these roges -stepes forth nerer the window _and_ maketh a ruful _and_ pityful noise, -requiring for Christ sake[75] some reliefe, that was both hongry and -thirstye, and was like to ly with out the dores all nighte and starue -for colde, vnles he were releued by him with some small pece of money. -“Where dwellest thou?” quoth this parson. “Alas! sir,” saithe this -roge, “I haue smal [leaf 10, back] dwelling, and haue com out of my -way; and I should now,” saith he, “go to any towne nowe at this time -of night, they woulde set me in the stockes and punishe me.” “Well,” -quoth this pitifull parson, “away from my house, either lye in some -of my out houses vntyll the morning, and holde, here is a couple of -pence for thée.” “A god rewarde you,” quoth this roge; “and in heauen -may you finde it.” The parson openeth his wyndowe, and thrusteth out -his arme to geue his almes to this Roge that came whining to receiue -it, and quickly taketh holde of his hand, and calleth his fellowe to -him, whiche was redye at hande with the horse locke, and clappeth the -same about the wrest of his arme, that the mullions standing so close -together for strength, that for his {40} life he could not plucke in -his arme againe, and made him beleue, vnles he would at the least geue -them .iii. li., they woulde smite of his arme from the body. So that -this poore parson, in feare to lose his hand, called vp his olde woman -that lay in the loft ouer him, and wylled her to take out all the money -he had, which was iiij. markes, which he saide was all the money in -his house, for he had lent vi. li. to one of his neighbours not iiij -daies before. “Wel,” q_uoth_ they, “master parson, if you haue no more, -vpon this condicion we wil take of the locke, that you will drinke -.xij. pence for our sakes to-morow at the alehouse wher we found you, -and thank the good wife for the good chere she made vs.” He promised -faithfully that he would so do; so they toke of the locke, and went -their way so farre ere it was daye, that the parson coulde neuer haue -any vnderstanding more of them. Now this parson, sorowfully slumbering -that night betwene feare and hope, thought it was but folly to make two -sorrowes of one; he vsed contentacion for his remedy, not forgetting in -the morning to performe his promise, but went betims to his neighbour -that kept tiplinge, and asked angerly where the same two men were -that dranke with her yester daye. “Which two men?” q_uoth_ this good -wife. “The straungers that came in when I was at your house wyth my -neighbores yesterday.” “What! your neuewes?” q_uoth_ she. “My neuewes?” -q_uoth_ this parson; “I trowe thou art mad.” “Nay, by god!” q_uoth_ -this good[76] wife, “as sober as you; for they tolde me faithfully -that you were their vncle: but, in fayth, are you not so in dede? for, -by my trouth, they are strau[n]gers to me. I neuer saw them before.” -“O, out vpon them!” q_uoth_ the parson; “they be false theues, and -this night thei compelled me to geue them al the money in my house.” -“Benedicite!” q_uoth_ this good wife, “_and_ haue they so in dede? as -I shall aunswere before god, one of them told me besides that you were -godfather to him, and that he trusted to haue your blessinge before -he departed.” “What! did he?” quoth this parson; “a halter blesse him -for [leaf 11] me!” “Me thinketh, by the masse, by your countenance you -loked so wildly when you came in,” quoth this good wife, “that somthing -was amis.” “I vse not to gest,” {41} quoth this parson, “when I speake -so earnestly.” “Why, all your sorrowes goe with it,” quoth this good -wife, “and sitte downe here, and I will fil a freshe pot of ale shall -make you mery agayne.” “Yea,” saith this parson, “fill in, _and_ geue -me some meat; for they made me sweare and promise them faithfully that -I shoulde drinke xii. pence with you this day.” “What! dyd they?” quoth -she; “now, by the mary masse, they be mery knaues. I warraunt you they -meane to bye no land with your money; but how could they come into you -in the night, your dores being shut fast? your house is very stronge.” -Then this prason[77] shewed her all the hole circumstance, how he gaue -them his almes oute at the wyndowe, they[78] made such lamentable -crye that it pytied him at the hart; for he sawe but one when he put -oute his hand at the windowe. “Be ruled by me,” quoth this good wyfe. -“Wherin?” quoth this parson. “By my troth, neuer speake more of it: -when they shal vnderstand of it in the parish, they wyll but laugh you -to skorne.” [79]†“Why, then,” quoth this parson, “the deuyll goe with -it,”—and their an end.† - - [Footnote 69: 1573 omits.] - - [Footnote 70: 1573 omits.] - - [Footnote 71: _saith._ B.] - - [Footnote 72: 1573, _myne_.] - - [Footnote 73: _tarying._ B.] - - [Footnote 74: So printed. Bodley ed. has _the_] - - [Footnote 75: _sakes._ B.] - - [Footnote 76: Omitted in 1573.] - - [Footnote 77: so printed.] - - [Footnote 78: _the._ B.] - - [Footnote 79: †–† Why . . . . . . . . . end. B. omits.] - - -¶ A WYLDE ROGE. Cap. 5. - -++A Wilde Roge is he that is borne a Roge: he is a more subtil and -more geuen by nature to all kinde of knauery then the other, as -beastely begotten in barne or bushes, and from his infancye traded vp -in trechery; yea, and before ripenes of yeares doth permyt, wallowinge -in lewde lechery, but that is counted amongest them no sin. For this -is their custome, that when they mete in barne at night, euery one -getteth a make[80] to lye wythall, _and_ their chaunce to be twentye in -a companye, as their is sometyme more and sometyme lesse: for to one -man that goeth abroad, there are at the least two women, which neuer -make it straunge when they be called, although she neuer knewe him -before. Then when the day doth appeare, he rouses him vp, and shakes -his eares, and awaye wanderinge where he may gette oughte to the hurte -of others. Yet before he skyppeth oute of hys couche and departeth from -his darling, if he like her well, he will apoint her where to mete -shortlye {42} after, with a warninge to worke warely for some chetes, -that their meting might be the merier. - -¶ Not long sithens, a wild roge chau_n_ced to mete a pore neighbour of -mine, who for honesty _and_ good natur surmou_n_teth many. This poore -man, riding homeward from London, where he had made his market, this -[leaf 11, back] roge demaunded a peny for gods sake, to kepe him a -true man. This simple man, beholding him wel, and sawe he was of taule -personage with a good quarter staffe in his hand, it much pitied him, -as he sayd, to se him want; for he was well able to serue his prince in -the wars. Thus, being moued with pytie, and[81] loked in his pursse to -finde out a penye; and in loking for the same, he plucked oute viii. -shyllinges in whyte money, and raked therin to finde a single peny; -and at the last findinge one, doth offer the same to this wylde roge: -but he, seinge so much mony in this simple mans hand, being striken to -the hart with a couetous desire, bid him forth wyth delyuer al that he -had, or els he woulde with his staffe beat out his braynes. For it was -not a penye would now quench his thirst, [82]‡seing so much as he dyd‡: -thus, swallowinge his spittell gredely downe, spoyled this poore man -of al _th_e money that he had, and lept ouer the hedge into a thicke -wode, and went his waye as merely as this good simple man came home -sorowfully. I once rebuking a wyld roge because he went idelly about, -he shewed me that he was a begger by enheritance—his Grandfather was a -begger, his father was one, and he must nedes be one by good reason. - - [Footnote 80: 1573 reads _mate_] - - [Footnote 81: omitted in 1573.] - - [Footnote 82: ‡–‡ seing . . . . . . . dyd. B. omits.] - - -¶ A PRYGGER OF PRAUNCERS. Cap. 6. - -++A Prigger of Prauncers be horse stealers; for to prigge signifieth in -their language to steale, _and_ a Prauncer is a horse: so beinge put -together, the matter is[83] playne. These go commonly in Ierkins of -leatherr, or of white frese, _and_ carry litle wands in their hands, -and will walke through grounds and pastures, to search and se horses -meete for their purpose. And if thei chau_n_ce to be met and asked by -the owners of the grounde what they make there, they fayne strayghte -that they haue loste their waye, and {43} desyre to be enstructed -the beste waye to such a place. These will also repayre to gentlemens -houses and aske their charitye, and wyll offer their seruice. And if -you aske them what they can do, they wyll saye that they can kepe two -or thre Geldinges, and waite vppon a Gentleman. These haue also their -women, that walkinge from them in other places, marke where and what -they sée abroade, and sheweth these Priggars therof when they meete, -which is with in a wéeke or two. And loke, where they steale any -thinge, they conuay _th_e same at the least thre score miles of or more. - -¶ There was a Gentleman, a verye friende of myne, rydyng from London -homewarde into Kente, hauinge with in thrée myles of his house -busynesse, alyghted of his horse, and his man also, in a pretye [leaf -12] vyllage, where diueres houses were, and looked aboute hym where -he myghte haue a conuenient person to walke his horse, because hee -would speake w_i_t_h_ a Farmer that dwelt on the backe side of the -sayde village, lytle aboue a quarter of a myle from the place where he -lighted, and had his man to waight vpon him, as it was mete for his -callinge: espying a Pryggar there standing, thinking the same to dwell -there, charging this prity prigginge person to walke his horse well, -and that they might not stande styll for takyng of colde, and at his -returne (which he saide should not be longe) he would geue hym a peny -to drinke, and so wente aboute his busines. This peltynge Priggar, -proude of his praye, walkethe his horse[84] vp and downe tyll he sawe -the Gentleman out of sighte, and leapes him into the saddell, and -awaye he goeth a mayne. This Gentleman returninge, and findinge not -his horses, sent his man to the one end of the vyllage, and he went -himselfe vnto the other ende, and enquired as he went for his horses -that were walked, and began some what to suspecte, because neither he -nor his man could se nor find him. Then this Gentleman deligentlye -enquired of thre or foure towne dwellers there whether any such person, -declaring his stature,[85] age, apparell, with so many linaments of -his body as he could call to remembraunce. And, “vna voce,” all sayde -that no such man dwelt in their streate, neither in the parish, that -they knewe of; but some did wel remember that such a one they saw -there lyrkinge and {44} huggeringe two houres before the Gentleman -came thether, and a straunger to them. “I had thoughte,” quoth this -Gentleman, “he had here dwelled,”—and marched home manerly in his -botes: farre from the place he dwelt not. I suppose at his comming home -he sente suche wayes as he suspected or thought méete to searche for -this Prigger, but hetherto he neuer harde any tydinges agayne of his -palfreys.—I had the best geldinge stolen oute of my pasture that I had -amongst others whyle this boke was first a printinge. - - [Footnote 83: 1573, _was_] - - [Footnote 84: _horses._ B.] - - [Footnote 85: Printed _statute_] - - -¶ A PALLYARD. Cap. 7. - -++THese Palliardes be called also Clapperdogens: these go with patched -clokes, _and_ haue their Morts with them, which they cal wiues; and if -he goe to one house, to aske his almes, his wife shall goe to a nother: -for what they get (as bread, chéese, malte, and woll) they sell the -same for redy money; for so they get more and if they went together. -Although they be thus[86] deuided in the daie, yet they mete iompe at -night. Yf they chaunce to come to some gentylmans house standinge [leaf -12, back] a lone, and be demaunded whether they be man and wyfe, _and_ -if he perceaue that any doubteth thereof, he sheweth them a Testimonial -with the ministers name, and others of the same parishe (naminge a -parishe in some shere fare distant from the place where he sheweth the -same). This writing he carieth to salue that sore. Ther be many Irishe -men that goe about with cou_n_terfeate licenses; and if they perceiue -you wil straytly examen them, they will immediatly saye they can speake -no Englishe. - -¶ Farther, vnderstand for trouth that the worst and wickedst of -all this beastly generation are scarse comparable to these prating -Pallyardes. All for _th_e most parte of these wil either lay to their -legs an herb called Sperewort, eyther Arsnicke, which is called -Ratesbane. The nature of this Spereworte wyll rayse a great blister in -a night vpon the soundest part of his body; and if the same be taken -away, it wyl dry vp againe and no harme. But this Arsnicke will so -poyson the same legge or sore, that it will euer after be incurable: -this do they for gaine and to be pitied. The most of these that walke -about be Walchmen. - - [Footnote 86: Printed _this_] - -{45} - - -¶ A FRATER. Cap. 8. - -++SOme of these Fraters will cary blacke boxes at their gyrdel, wher -in they haue a briefe of the Queenes maiesties letters patentes, geuen -to suche[87] poore spitlehouse for the reliefe of _th_e poore there, -whiche briefe is a coppie of the letters patentes, _and_ vtterly -fained, if it be in paper or in[88] parchment without the great seale. -Also, if the same brief be in printe,[89] it is also of auctoritie. -For the Printers wil sée _and_ wel vndersta_n_d, before it come in -presse, that the same is lawfull. Also, I am credibly informed that -the chiefe Proctors of manye of these houses, that seldome trauel -abroad the_m_ selues, but haue their factors to gather for the_m_, -which looke very slenderly to the impotent and miserable creatures -committed to their charge, _and_ die for want of cherishing; wheras -they _and_ their wiues are wel cra_m_med _and_ clothed, _and_ will haue -of the best. And the founders of euery such house, or the chiefe of -the parishe wher they be, woulde better sée vnto these Proctors, that -they might do their duty, they should be wel spoken of here, and in -the world to come abou_n_dantly therefore rewarded. I had of late an -honest man, and of good wealthe, repayred to my house to common wyth -me aboute certeyne affaires. I inuited the same to dinner, and dinner -beinge done, I demaunded of hym some newes of these[90] parties were -hee dwelte. “Thankes be to God, syr,” (saith he); “all is well _and_ -good now.” “Now!” (quoth I) “this same ‘nowe’ [leaf 13] declareth -_tha_t some things of late hath not bene wel.” “Yes, syr,” (q_uoth_ -he) “the[91] matter is not great. I had thought I should haue bene wel -beaten within this seuenth night.” “How so?” (quoth I). “Mary, syr,” -sayd he, “I am Counstable for fault of a better, and was commaunded -by the Iusticer to watch. The watch being set, I toke an honest man, -one of my neighbors, with me, and went vp to the ende of the towne as -far as the spittle house, at which house I heard a great noyse, and, -drawing nere, stode close vnder the wall, and this was at one of the -clocke after midnight.” {46} Where he harde swearinge, pratinge, and -wagers laying, and the pot apase walkinge, and xl. pence gaged vpon a -matche of wrastling, pitching of the barre, and casting of the sledge. -And out they goe, in a fustian fume, into the backe syde, where was a -great Axiltrye,[92] and there fell to pitching of the barre, being thre -to thre. The Moone dyd shine bright, the Counstable with his neighboure -myght see and beholde all that was done. And howe the wyfe of the house -was rostinge of a Pyg, whyle her gestes were in their matche. At the -laste they coulde not agree vpon a caste, and fell at wordes, and from -wordes to blowes. The Counstable with his[93] fellowe runnes vnto them, -to parte them, and in the partinge lyckes a drye blowe or two. Then -the noyse increased; the Counstable woulde haue had them to[94] the -stockes. The wyfe of the house runnes out with her goodman to intreat -the Counstable for her gestes, and leaues the Pyg at the fyre alone. -In commeth two or thrée of the next neighboures, beinge waked wyth -this noise, and into the house they come, and fynde none therein, but -the Pygge well rosted, and carieth the same awaye wyth them, spyte and -all, with suche breade and drinke also as stoode vpon the table. When -the goodman and the goodwyfe of the house hadde intreated and pacified -the Counstable, shewinge vnto him that they were Proctors and Factores -all of Spyttell houses, and that they taryed there but to breake theyr -fast, and woulde ryde awaye immediatelye after, for they had farre to -goe, and therefore mente to ryde so earlye. And comminge into their -house agayne, fyndinge the Pygge wyth bread and drincke all gonne, made -a greate exclamation, for they knewe not who had the same. - -¶ The Counstable returning and hearinge the lamentable wordes of the -good wyfe, howe she had lost both meate and drinke, and sawe it was -so in deede, hée laughed in his sleue, and commaunded her to dresse -no more at vnlawfull houres for any gestes. For hée thought it better -bestowed vppon those smell feastes his poore {47} neighboures then -vppon suche sturdye Lubbares. The nexte mornynge betymes the [leaf 13, -back] spitte and pottes were sette at the Spittle house doore for the -owner. Thus were these Factours begyled of theyr breakefast, and one -of them hadde well beaten an other; “And, by my trouth,” (quoth thys -Counstable) “I was gladde when I was well ryd of them.” “Why,” quoth -I, “coulde the[y] caste the barre and sledge well?” “I wyll tell you, -syr,” (quoth hée) “you knowe there hath bene manye games this Sommer. -I thinke verely, that if some of these Lubbars had bene there, and -practysed amongest others, I beleue they woulde haue carryed awaye the -beste games. For they were so stronge and sturdye, that I was not able -to stande in their handes.” “Well” (quoth I) “at these games you speake -of, both legges and armes bée tryed.” “Yea,” quoth this offycer, “they -bée wycked men. I haue séene some of them sithens wyth cloutes bounde -aboute theyr legges, and haltynge wyth their staffe in their handes. -Wherefore some of theym, by GOD, bée nought all.” - - [Footnote 87: B. inserts _a_] - - [Footnote 88: B. omits _in_] - - [Footnote 89: Probably the reason why “in print” came to be - considered synonymous with “correct.” See 2 Gent. of Verona, act ii. - sc. 1, 175.] - - [Footnote 90: _those._ B.] - - [Footnote 91: B. omits _the_] - - [Footnote 92: - - Castyng_e_ of axtre & eke of ston, - Sofere hem þere to vse non; - Bal, and barres, and suche play, - Out of chycheȝorde put a-way.— - Myrc, p. 11, l. 334–7 (E. E. T. Soc. 1868)] - - [Footnote 93: Printed _hts_] - - [Footnote 94: _to to._ B.] - - -¶ A ABRAHAM MAN. Cap. 9. - -++THese Abrahom men be those that fayne themselues to haue beene mad, -and haue bene kept eyther in Bethelem or in some other pryson a good -tyme, _and_ not one amongst twenty that euer came in pryson for any -such cause: yet wyll they saye howe pitiously and most extreamely -they haue bene beaten, and dealt with all. Some of these be merye and -verye pleasant, they wyll daunce and sing; some others be as colde and -reasonable to talke wyth all. These begge money; eyther when they come -at Farmours howses they wyll demaunde Baken, eyther chéese, or wooll, -or any thinge that is worthe money. And if they espye small company -within, they wyll with fierce countenau_n_ce demau_n_d some what. Where -for feare the maydes wyll geue theym largely to be ryd of theym. - -++{ ¶ If they maye conuenyently come by any cheate, they wyl picke -and steale, as the v[p]right man or Roge, poultrey or } lynnen. And -all wemen that wander bée at their commaundemente. Of all that euer I -saw of this kynde, one naminge him selfe Stradlynge is the craftiest -and moste dyssemblyngest Knaue. {48} Hée is able wyth hys tounge and -vsage to deceaue and abuse the wysest man that is. And surely for the -proporcion of his body, with euery member there vnto appertayninge, it -cannot be a mended. But as the prouerbe is “God hath done his part.” -Thys Stradlyng sayth he was the Lord Sturtons man; and when he was -executed, for very pensiuenes of mynde, [leaf 14] he fell out of his -wytte, and so continued a yeare after and more; and that with the very -gréefe and feare, he was taken wyth a marueilous palsey, that both head -and handes wyll shake when he talketh, with anye and that a pase or -fast, where by he is much pytied, and getteth greately. And if I had -not demaunded of others, bothe men and women, that commonly walketh -as he doth, and knowen by them his déepe dissimylation, I neuer hadde -vnderstand the same. And thus I end wyth these kynde of vacabondes. - - -¶ A FRESHE WATER MARINER OR WHIPIACKE. Cap. 10. - -++THese Freshwater Mariners, their shipes were drowned in the playne -of Salisbery. These kynde of Caterpillers counterfet great losses on -the sea; these bée some Western men, and most bée Irishe men. These -wyll runne about the countrey wyth a counterfet lycence, fayninge -either shypwracke, or spoyled by Pyrates, neare the coaste of Cornwall -or Deuonshyre, and set a lande at some hauen towne there, hauynge a -large and formall wrytinge, as is aboue sayd, with the names and seales -of suche men of worshyppe, at the leaste foure or fiue, as dwelleth -neare or next to the place where they fayne their landinge. And neare -to those shieres wyll they not begge, vntyll they come into Wylshyre, -Hamshyre, Barkeshyre, Oxfordshyre, Harfordshyre, Middelsex, and so[95] -to London, and downe by the ryuer to séeke for their shyppe and goods -that they neuer hade: then passe they through Surrey, Sossex, by the -sea costes, and so into Kent, demaunding almes to bring them home to -their country. - -¶ Some tyme they counterfet the seale of the Admiraltie. I haue diuers -tymes taken a waye from them their lycences, of both sortes, wyth -suche money as they haue gathered, and haue confiscated the same to -the pouerty nigh adioyninge to me. And they wyll not {49} beelonge -with out another. For at anye good towne they wyll renewe the same. -Once wyth muche threatninge and faire promises, I required to knowe of -one companye who made their lycence. And they sweare that they bought -the same at Portsmouth, of a Mariner there, and it cost them[96] two -shillinges; with such warrantes to be so good and efectuall, that if -any of the best men of lawe, or learned, aboute London, should peruse -the same, they weare able to fynde no faute there with, but would -assuredly allow the same. - - [Footnote 95: Omitted in 1573.] - - [Footnote 96: _him_ (_sic_). B.] - -{50} - -[Headnote: HARMON. N. BLUNT, N. GENYNGES.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 14, back][97]] - - [Illustration: A vpright man - Nicolas Blunt. - The coūterfet Cranke - Nicolas Genynges] - - These two pyctures, lyuely set out, - One bodye and soule, god send him more grace. - This mounstrous desembelar, a Cranke all about. - Vncomly couetinge, of eche to imbrace, - Money or wares, as he made his race. - And sometyme a marynar, and a saruinge man, - Or els an artificer, as he would fayne than. - Such shyftes he vsed, beinge well tryed, - A bandoninge labour, tyll he was espyed. - Conding punishment, for his dissimulation, - He sewerly receaued with much declination[98] - - [Footnote 97: This page is not in Bodley ed.] - - [Footnote 98: 1573 reads _exclamation_] - -{51} - -[Sidenote: [leaf 15]] - - -¶ A COUNTERFET CRANKE. Cap. 11. - -++THese that do counterfet the Cranke be yong knaues and yonge harlots, -that depely dissemble the falling sicknes. For the Cranke in their -language is the falling euyll. I haue séene some of these with fayre -writinges testimoniall, with the names and seales of some men of -worshyp in Shropshyre, and in other Shieres farre of, that I haue well -knowne, and haue taken the same from them. Many of these do go without -writinges, and wyll go halfe naked, and looke most pitiously. And if -any clothes be geuen them, the[y][99] immediatly sell the same, for -weare it they wyll not, because they would bée the more pitied, and -weare fylthy clothes on their heades, and neuer go without a péece of -whyte sope about them, which, if they sée cause or present gains, they -wyll priuely conuey the same into their mouth, and so worke the same -there, that they wyll fome as it were a Boore, _and_ maruelously for a -tyme torment them selues; and thus deceiue they the common people, and -gayne much. These haue commonly their harlots as the other. - -Apon Alhollenday in the morning last Anno domini. 1566, or my[100] -booke was halfe printed, I meane the first impression, there came -earely in the morninge a Counterfet Cranke vnder my lodgynge at the -whyte Fryares, wythin the cloyster, in a lyttle yard or coorte, where -aboutes laye two or thre great Ladyes, beyng without the lyberties of -London, where by he hoped for the greatter gayne; this Cranke there -lamentably lamentinge and pitefully crying to be releued, declared to -dyuers their hys paynfull and miserable dysease. I being rysen and not -halfe ready, harde his dolfull wordes and rufull mornings, hering him -name the falling sicknes, thought assuredlye to my selfe that hée was a -depe desemblar; so, comminge out at a sodayne, and beholdinge his vgly -and yrksome attyre, hys lothsome and horyble countinance, it made me in -a meruelous parplexite what to thinke of hym, whether it were fayned -or trouth,—for after this manner went he: he was naked from the wast -vpward, sauyng he had a old Ierken[101] of leather patched, and that -was lose[102] about hym, that all his bodye laye out bare; a filthy -foule cloth he ware on his head, {52} being cut for the purpose, -hauing a narowe place to put out his face, with a bauer made to trusse -vp his beard, and a stryng that tyed the same downe close aboute his -necke; with an olde felt hat which he styll caried in his hande to -receaue the charytye and deuotion of the people, for that woulde he -hold out from hym; hauyng hys face, from the eyes downe ward, all smerd -with freshe bloud, [leaf 15, back] as thoughe he had new falen, and byn -tormented wyth his paynefull panges,—his Ierken beinge all be rayde -with durte and myre, and hys hatte and hosen also, as thoughe hée hadde -wallowed in the myre: sewerly the sighte was monstrous and terreble. -I called hym vnto me, and demaunded of hym what he ayled. “A, good -maister,” quoth he, “I haue the greuous and paynefull dyseas called -the falynge syckenes.” “Why,” quoth I, “howe commeth thy Ierken, hose, -and hat so be rayd with durte and myre, and thy skyn also?” “A, good -master, I fell downe on the backesyde here in the fowle lane harde by -the watersyde; and there I laye all most all night, and haue bled all -most all the bloude owte in my bodye.” It raynde that morninge very -fast; and whyle I was thus talkinge with hym, a honest poore woman -that dwelt thereby brought hym a fayre lynnen cloth, and byd hym wype -his face therewyth; and there beinge a tobbe standing full of rayne -water, offered to geue hym some in a dishe that he might make hym -selfe cleane: hée refuseth[103] the same. “Why dost thou so?” quoth I. -“A, syr,” sayth he, “yf I shoulde washe my selfe, I shoulde fall to -bléedinge a freshe againe, and then I should not stop my selfe:” these -wordes made me the more to suspecte hym. - -Then I asked of hym where he was borne, what is name was, how longe -he had this dysease, and what tyme he had ben here about London, and -in what place. “Syr,” saythe he, “I was borne at Leycestar, my name -is Nycholas Genings,[104] and I haue had this falling sycknes viij. -yeares, and I can get no remedy for the same; for I haue it by kinde, -my father had it and my friendes before me; and I haue byne these two -yeares here about London, and a yeare and a halfe in bethelem.” “Why, -wast thou out of thy wyttes?” quoth I. “Ye, syr, that I was.” - - [Footnote 99: _they._ B.] - - [Footnote 100: _my my._ B.] - - [Footnote 101: _gyrken_ (_et seqq._). B.] - - [Footnote 102: _loose._ B.] - - [Footnote 103: _refused._ B.] - - [Footnote 104: _Gennins._ B.] - -{53} - -“What is the Kepars name of the house?” “Hys name is,” quoth hée, “Iohn -Smith.” “Then,” quoth I, “hée must vnderstande of thy dysease; yf thou -hadest the same for the tyme thou wast there, he knoweth it well.” “Ye, -not onely he, but all the house bée syde,” quoth this Cranke; “for I -came thens but within this fortnight.” I had stande so longe reasoning -the matter wyth him that I was a cold, and went into my chamber and -made me ready, and commaunded my seruant to repayre to bethelem, and -bringe me true worde from the keper there whether anye suche man hath -byn with him as a prisoner hauinge the dysease aforesayd, and gaue -hym a note of his name and the kepars also: my seruant, retorninge to -my lodginge, dyd assure me that neither was there euer anye such man -there, nether yet anye keper of any suche name; but hée that was there -keper, he sent me hys name in writing, afferming that hee letteth no -man depart from hym vnlesse he be fet a waye by [leaf 16] hys fréendes, -and that none that came from hym beggeth aboute the Citye. Then I sent -for the Printar of this booke, and shewed hym of this dyssembling -Cranke, and how I had sent to Bethelem to vnderstand the trouth[105], -and what aunsweare I receaued againe, requiringe hym that I might haue -some seruant of his to watche him faithfully that daye, that I might -vnderstand trustely to what place he woulde repaire at night vnto, -and thether I promised to goe my selfe to sée their order, and that -I woulde haue hym to associate me thether: hée gladly graunted to -my request, and sent two boyes, that both diligently and vygelantly -accomplisht the charge geuen them, and found the same Cranke aboute the -Temple, where about the most parte of the daye hée begged, vnlesse it -weare about xii. of the clocke he wente on the backesyde of Clementes -Ine without Temple barre: there is a lane that goeth into the Feldes; -there hee renewed his face againe wyth freshe bloud, which he caried -about hym in a bladder, and dawbed on freshe dyrte vpon his Ierken, -hat, and hoson. - -¶ And so came backe agayne vnto the Temple, and sometyme to the -Watersyde, and begged of all that passed bye: the boyes behelde howe -some gaue grotes, some syxe pens, some gaue more; {54} for hée looked -so ougleie and yrksomlye, that euerye one pytied his miserable case -that beehelde hym. To bee shorte, there he passed all the daye tyll -night approched; and when it began to bée some what dark, he went to -the water syde and toke a Skoller,[106] and was sette ouer the Water -into Saincte Georges feldes, contrarye to my expectatian; for I had -thought he woulde haue gonne into Holborne or to Saynt Gylles in the -felde; but these boyes, with Argues and Lynces eyes, set sewre watche -vppon him, and the one tooke a bote and followed him, and the other -went backe to tell his maister. - - [Footnote 105: _trough._ B.] - - [Footnote 106: 1573 reads _skolloer_] - -The boye that so folowed hym by Water, had no money to pay for his Bote -hyre, but layde his Penner and his Ynkhorne to gage for a penny; and -by that tyme the boye was sette ouer, his Maister, wyth all celeryte, -hadde taken a Bote and followed hym apase: now hadde they styll a -syght of the Cranke, wych crossed ouer the felddes towardes Newyngton, -and thether he went, and by that tyme they came thether it was very -darke: the Prynter hadde there no acquaintance, nether any kynde of -weapon about hym, nether knewe he[107] how farre the Cranke woulde -goe, becawse hee then suspected that they dogged hym of purposse; he -there stayed hym, and called for the Counstable, whyche came forthe -dylygentelye to inquyre what the matter was: thys zelous Pryntar -charged thys offycer [leaf 16, back] wyth hym as a malefactor and a -dessemblinge vagabonde—the Counstable woulde haue layde him all night -in the Cage that stode in the streate. “Naye,” saythe this pitifull -Prynter, “I praye you haue him into your house; for this is lyke to be -a cold nyght, and he is naked: you kepe a vytellinge house; let him -be well cherished this night, for he is well hable to paye for the -same. I knowe well his gaynes hath byn great to day, and your house -is a sufficient pryson for the tyme, and we wil there serche hym.” -The Counstable agreed there vnto: they had him in, and caused him to -washe him selfe: that donne, they demaunded what money he had about -hym. Sayth this Cranke, “So God helpe me, I haue but xii. pence,” and -plucked oute the same of a lytle pursse. “Why, haue you no more?” quoth -they. “No,” sayth this Cranke, “as God shall saue my soule at the day -of iudgement.” “We must se more,” quoth they,{55} and began to stryp -hym. Then he plucked out a nother purse, wherin was xi. pens. “Toushe,” -sayth[108] thys Prynter, “I must see more.” Saythe this Cranke, “I -pray God I bée dampned both body[109] and soule yf I haue anye more.” -“No,” sayth thys Prynter, “thou false knaue, here is my boye that dyd -watche thée all this daye, and sawe when such men gaue the péeses of -sixe pens, grotes, and other money; and yet thou hast shewed vs none -but small money.” When thys Cranke hard this, and the boye vowinge it -to his face, he relented, and plucked out another pursse, where in was -eyght shyllings and od money; so had they in the hole _tha_t he had -begged that day xiij. shillings iii. [110]§pens halfepeny§. Then they -strypt him starke naked, and as many as sawe him sayd they neuer sawe -hansommer man, wyth a yellowe flexen beard[111], and fayre skynned, -withoute anye spot or greffe. Then the good wyfe of the house fet her -goodmans[112] olde clocke, _and_ caused the same to be cast about him, -because the sight shoulde not abash her shamefast maydens, nether loth -her squaymysh sight. - - [Footnote 107: Omitted in 1573 edit.] - -++{ Thus he set[113] downe at the Chemnes end, and called for a potte -of Béere, and dranke of a quarte at a draft, and } called for another, -and so the thyrde, that one had bene sufficient for any resonable -man, the Drynke was so stronge.[114] I my selfe, the next morninge, -tasted thereof; but let the reader iudge what and howe much he would -haue dronke and he had bene out of feare. Then when they had thus -wrong water out of a flint in spoyli_n_g him of his euyl gotten goods, -his passi_n_g pens[115], _and_ fleting trashe, The printer with this -offecer were in gealy gealowsit[116], and deuised to search a barne -for some roges and vpright men, a quarter of a myle from the house, -that stode a lone in the fieldes, and wente out about their busines, -leauing this cranke alone with his wyfe and maydens: this crafty -Cra_n_ke, espying al gon, requested _th_e good wife that [leaf 17] hee -might goe out on the backesyde to make water, and to exonerate his -paunche: she bad hym drawe the lache of the dore and goe out, neither -thinkinge or mistrusting he {56} would haue gon awaye naked; but, to -conclude, when hee was out, he cast awaye the cloke, and, as naked -as euer he was borne, he ran away, [117]*that he could[118] neuer be -hard of [119]†againe.* Now† the next morning betimes, I went vnto -Newington, to vndersta_n_d what was done, because I had word or it was -day that there my printer was; and at my comming thether, I hard the -hole circumstaunce, as I aboue haue wrytten; and I, seing the matter -so fall out, tooke order with the chiefe of the parish that this xiij. -shyllings _and_ iij. [120]‡pens halfpeny‡ might the next daye be -equally distributed, by their good discrecions, to the pouertie of the -same parishe,[121] and so it was done. - - [Footnote 108: _sayih_ (_sic_). B.] - - [Footnote 109: printed _dody_] - - [Footnote 110: §–§ _d. ob._ B.] - - [Footnote 111: _bede._ B.] - - [Footnote 112: _mans._ B.] - - [Footnote 113: 1573 inserts _him_; _sette hym_. B.] - - [Footnote 114: 1573 inserts _that_] - - [Footnote 115: _pence._ B.] - - [Footnote 116: The 1573 edition reads _ioly ioylitie; gelowsy_. B.] - - [Footnote 117: *–* The 1573 edition finishes the sentence - thus:—“ouer the fields to his own house, as hée afterwards said.”] - - [Footnote 118: _woulde._ B.] - - [Footnote 119: †–† _again til now._ B.] - - [Footnote 120: ‡–‡ _d. ob._ B.] - - [Footnote 121: The 1573 edition continues thus:—“wherof this crafty - Cranke had part him selfe, for he had both house and wife in the - same parishe, as after you shall heare. But this lewde lewterar - could not laye his bones to labour, hauing got once the tast of - this lewd lasy lyfe, for al this fayr admonition, but deuised other - suttel sleights to maintaine his ydell liuing, and so craftely - clothed him selfe in mariners apparel, and associated him self with - an other of his companions: they hauing both mariners apparel, went - abroad to aske charity of _th_e people, fayning they hadde loste - their shippe with all their goods by casualty on the seas, wherewith - they gayned much. This crafty Cranke, fearinge to be mistrusted, - fell to another kinde of begging, as bad or worse, and apparelled - himselfe very well with a fayre black fréese cote, a new payre of - whyte hose, a fyne felt hat on his head, a shert of flaunders worke - esteemed to be worth xvi. shillings; and vpon newe yeares day came - againe into the whyt Fryers to beg: the printer, hauing occasion - to go that ways, not thinking of this Cranke, by chaunce met with - him, who asked his charitie for Gods sake. The printer, vewing him - well, did mistrust him to be the counterfet Cranke which deceuied - him vpon Alhollen daye at night, demaunded of whence he was and what - was his name, ‘Forsoth,’ saith he, ‘my name is Nicolas Genings, and - I came from Lecester to séeke worke, and I am a hat-maker by my - occupation, and all my money is spent, and if I coulde get money to - paye for my lodging this night, I would seke work to morowe amongst - the hatters.’ The printer perceiuing his depe dissimulation, putting - his hand into his purse, seeming to giue him some money, and with - fayre allusions brought him into the stréete, where he charged the - constable with him, affirminge him to be the counterfet Cranke - that ranne away vpon Alholon daye last. The constable being very - loth to medle with him, but the printer knowing him and his depe - disceit, desyred he mought be brought before the debutie of the - ward, which straight was accomplished, which whe_n_ he came before - the debuty, he demaunded of him of whence he was and what was his - name; he answered as before he did vnto _th_e printer: the debutie - asked the printer what he woulde laye vnto hys charge; he answered - and aleged him to be a vagabond and depe deceyuer of the people, - and the counterfet Crank that ran away vpon Alhallon day last from - the constable of Newington and him, and requested him earnestly - to send him to ward: the debuty thinking him to be deceiued, but - neuerthelesse laid his co_m_maundement vpon him, so that the printer - should beare his charges if he could not iustifie it; he agréed - thereunto. And so he and the constable went to cary him to the - Counter; and as they were going vnder Ludgate, this crafty Cranke - toke his héeles and ran down the hill as fast as he could dryve, - the constable and the printer after him as fast as they coulde; but - the printer of _th_e twayn being lighter of fote, ouertoke him at - fleete bridge, and with strong hand caried him to the counter, and - safely deliuered him. In _th_e morow _th_e printer sent his boy that - stripped him vpon Alhalon day at night to view him, because he would - be sure, which boy knew him very well: this Crank confessed unto - the debuty, _tha_t he had hosted the night before in Kent stréet in - Southwarke, at the sign of the Cock, which thing to be true, the - printer sente to know, and found him a lyer; but further inquiring, - at length found out his habitation, dwelling in maister Hilles - rentes, hauinge a pretye house, well stuffed, with a fayre ioyne - table, and a fayre cubbard garnished with peuter, hauing an old - auncient woman to his wyfe. The printer being sure therof, repaired - vnto the Counter, and rebuked him for his beastly behaviour, and - told him of his false fayning, willed him to confesse it, and - aske forgivenes: he perceyued him to know his depe dissimulation, - relented, and confessed all his disceit; and so remayning in the - counter thrée dayes, was removed to Brydwel, where he was strypt - starke naked, and his ougly attyre put vpo_n_ him before the - maisters thereof, who wondered greatly at his dissimulation: for - which offence he stode vpon the pillery in Cheapsyde, both in his - ougly and handsome attyre. And after that went in the myll whyle his - ougly picture was a drawing; and then was whypped at a cartes tayle - through London, and his displayd banner caried before him vnto his - own dore, and so backe to Brydewell again, and there remayned for a - tyme, and at length let at libertie, on that condicio_n_ he would - proue an honest man, and labour truly to get his liuing. And his - picture remayneth in Bridewell for a monyment.”—See, also, _post_, - p. 89.] - -{57} - - -¶ A DOMMERAR. Cap. 12. - -++THese Dommerars are leud and most subtyll people: the moste part of -these are Walch men, and wyll neuer speake, vnlesse they haue extreame -punishment, but wyll gape, and with a maruelous force wyll hold downe -their toungs doubled, groning for your charyty, and holding vp their -handes full pitiously, so that with their déepe dissimulation they get -very much. There are of these many, _and_ but one that I vnderstand -of hath lost his toung in dede. Hauing on a time occasion to ride to -Dartforde, to speake with a priest there, who maketh all kinde of -conserues very well, and vseth stilling of waters; And repayringe to -his house, I founde a Dommerar at his doore, and the priest him selfe -perusinge his[122] lycence, vnder the seales and hands of certayne -worshypfull men, had[123] thought the same to be good and effectuall. -I taking the same writing, and {58} reading it ouer, and noting the -seales, founde one of the seales like vnto a seale that I had aboute -me, which seale I bought besides Charing crosse, that I was out of -doubte it was none of those Gentlemens seales that had sub[s]cribed. -And hauing vnderstanding before of their peuish practises, made me to -conceaue that all was forged and nought. I made the more hast home; -for well I wyst that he would and must of force passe through the -parysh where I dwelt; for there was no other waye for hym. And comminge -homewarde, I found them in the towne, accordinge to my expectation, -where they were staid; for there was a Pallyarde associate with the -Dommerar and partaker of his gaynes, whyche Pallyarde I sawe not at -Dartford. The stayers of them was a gentleman called[124] _Chayne_, and -a seruant of my Lord Kéepers, cald _Wostestowe_, which was [leaf 17, -back] the chiefe causer of the staying of them, being a Surgien, _and_ -cunning in his science, had séene the lyke practises, and, as he sayde, -hadde caused one to speake afore that was dome[125]. It was my chaunce -to come at the begynning of the matter. “Syr,” (quoth this Surgien) -“I am bold here to vtter some part of my cunning. I trust” (quoth he) -“you shall se a myracle wrought anon. For I once” (quoth he) “made a -dumme man to speake.” Quoth I, “you are wel met, and somwhat you haue -preuented me; for I had thought to haue done no lesse or they hadde -passed this towne. For I well knowe their writing is fayned, and they -depe dissemblers.” The Surgien made hym gape, _and_ we could sée but -halfe a toung. I required the Surgien to put hys fynger in his mouth, -_and_ to pull out his toung, and so he dyd, not withstanding he held -strongly a prety whyle; at the length he pluckt out the same, to the -great admiration of many that stode by. Yet when we sawe his tounge, -hée would neither speake nor yet could heare. Quoth I to the Surgien, -“knit two of his fyngers to gether, and thrust a stycke betwene them, -and rubbe the same vp and downe a lytle whyle, and for my lyfe hée -speaketh by and by.” “Sir,” quoth this Surgien, “I praye you let me -practise and[126] other waye.” I was well contented to sée the same. -He had him into a house, and tyed a halter aboute the wrestes of his -handes, and hoysed him vp ouer a beame, and {59} there dyd let him -hang a good while: at _th_e length, for very paine he required for Gods -sake to let him down. So he that was both deafe and dume coulde in -short tyme both heare and speake. Then I tooke that money I could find -in his pursse, and distributed the same to the poore people dwelling -there, whiche was xv. pence halfepeny, being all that we coulde finde. -That done, and this merry myracle madly made, I sent them with my -seruaunt to the next Iusticer, where they preached on the Pyllery for -want of a Pulpet, and were well whypped, and none dyd bewayle them. - - [Footnote 122: _of his._ B.] - - [Footnote 123: _which priest had._ B.] - - [Footnote 124: _cal-_ (_sic_). B.] - - [Footnote 125: _dumme._ B.] - - [Footnote 126: So printed. _an._ B.] - -[Headnote: HARMON. A PRYGGE.] - - -¶ A DRONKEN TINCKAR. Cap. 13. - -++THese dronken Tynckers, called also Prygges, be beastly people, _and_ -these yong knaues be _th_e wurst. These neuer go w_i_t_h_ out their -Doxes, and yf their women haue anye thing about them, as apparell or -lynnen, that is worth the selling, they laye the same to gage, or sell -it out right, for bene bowse at their bowsing ken. And full sone wyll -they bée wearye of them, and haue a newe. When they happen one woorke -at any good house, their Doxes lynger alofe, and tarry for them in -some corner; and yf he taryeth longe from her, then she knoweth [leaf -18] he hath worke, and walketh neare, and sitteth downe by him. For -besydes money, he looketh for meate and drinke for doinge his dame -pleasure. For yf she haue thrée or foure holes in a pan, hee wyll make -as many more for spedy gaine. And if he se any old ketle, chafer, or -pewter dish abroad in the yard where he worketh, hée quicklye snappeth -the same vp, and in to the booget it goeth round. Thus they lyue with -deceite. - -++{ I was crediblye informed, by such as could well tell, that one of -these tipling Tinckers w_i_t_h_ his dogge robbed by the } high way -iiij. Pallyards and two Roges, six persons together, and tooke from -them aboue foure pound in ready money, _and_ hide him after in a thicke -woode a daye or two, and so escaped vntaken. Thus with picking and -stealing, mingled with a lytle worke for a coulour, they passe their -time. {60} - - -¶ A SWADDER, OR PEDLER. Cap. 14. - -++THese Swadders and Pedlers bee not all euyll, but of an indifferent -behauiour. These stand in great awe of the vpright men, for they haue -often both wares and money of them. But for as much as they séeke gayne -vnlawfully against the lawes and statutes of this noble realme, they -are well worthy to be registred among the number of vacabonds; and -vndoubtedly I haue hadde some of them brought before me, when I was in -commission of the peace, as malefactors, for bryberinge and stealinge. -And nowe of late it is a greate practes of the vpright man, when he -hath gotten a botye, to bestowe the same vpon a packefull of wares, -and so goeth a time for his pleasure, because he would lyue with out -suspition. - - -¶ A IARKE MAN, AND A PATRICO. Cap. 15. - -++FOR as much as these two names, a Iarkeman and a Patrico, bée in the -old briefe of vacabonds, and set forth as two kyndes of euil doers, you -shall vnderstande that a Iarkeman hathe his name of a Iarke, which is -a seale in their Language, as one should make writinges and set seales -for lycences and pasporte[127]. And for trouth there is none that goeth -aboute the countrey of them that can eyther wryte so good and fayre -a hand, either indite so learnedly, as I haue sene _and_ handeled a -number of them: but haue the same made in good townes where they come, -as what can not be hadde for money, as the prouerbe sayth (“_Omnia -venalia Rome_”), and manye hath confessed the same to me. [leaf 18, -back] Now, also, there is a Patrico, and not a Patriarcho[128], whiche -in their language is a priest that should make mariages tyll death dyd -depart; but they haue none such, I am well assured; for I put you out -of doubt that not one amo[n]gest a hundreth of them are maried, for -they take lechery for no sinne, but naturall fellowshyp and good lyking -loue: so that I wyll not blot my boke with these two that be not. - - [Footnote 127: _pasportes._ B.] - - [Footnote 128: _Patriarch._ B.] - -{61} - - -¶ A DEMAUNDER FOR GLYMMAR. Cap. 16. - -++THese Demaunders for glymmar be for the moste parte wemen; for -glymmar, in their language, is fyre. These goe with fayned[129] -lycences and counterfayted wrytings, hauing the hands and seales of -suche gentlemen as dwelleth nere to the place where they fayne them -selues to haue bene burnt, and their goods consumed with fyre. They -wyll most lamentable[130] demaunde your charitie, _and_ wyll quicklye -shed salte teares, they be so tender harted. They wyll neuer begge in -that Shiere where their losses (as they say) was. Some of these goe -with slates at their backes, which is a shéete to lye in a nightes. The -vpright men be very familiare with these kynde of wemen, and one of -them helpes an other. - -¶ A Demaunder for glymmar came vnto a good towne in Kente, to aske -the charitie of the people, hauinge a fayned lycens aboute her that -declared her misfortune by fyre, donne in Somerset shyre, walkinge with -a wallet on her shoulders, where in shée put the deuotion of suche as -hadde no money to geue her; that is to saye, Malte, woll, baken, bread, -and cheese; and alwayes, as the same was full, so was it redye money -to her, when she emptyed the same, where so euer shee trauelede: thys -harlot was, as they terme it, snowte fayre, and had an vpright man or -two alwayes attendinge on her watche (whyche is on her parson), and yet -so circumspecte, that they woulde neuer bee séene in her company in -any good towne, vnlesse it were in smale vyllages where typling houses -weare, eyther trauelinge to gether by the hygh wayes; but _th_e troth -is, by report, she would wekely be worth vi. or seuen shyllinges with -her begging and bycherye. This glimmering Morte, repayringe to an Ine -in _th_e sayde towne where dwelt a wydow of fyftie wynter olde of good -welth; but she had an vnthryftye sonne, whom she vsed as a chamberlaine -to attend gestes when they repared to her house: this amerous man, -be holdinge with ardante eyes thys[131] glymmeringe glauncer, was -presentlye pyteouslye persed to the hart, and lewdlye longed to bée -clothed vnder her lyuerye; and bestowinge [leaf 19] a {62} fewe -fonde wordes with her, vnderstode strayte that she woulde be easlye -perswaded to lykinge lechery, and as a man mased, mused howe to attayne -to his purpose, for[132] he hadde no money. Yet consideringe wyth hym -selfe that wares woulde bée welcome where money wanted, hée went with -a wannion to his mothers chamber, and there sekinge aboute for odde -endes, at length founde a lytle whystell of syluer that his mother dyd -vse customablye to weare on, and had forgot the same for haste that -morninge, and offeres the same closely to this manerly marian, that yf -she would mete hym on the backesyde of the towne and curteously kys -him with out constraynt, she shoulde bée mystres thereof, and it weare -much better. “Well,” sayth she, “you are a wanton;” and beholdinge -the whystell, was farther in loue there with then rauysht wyth his -person, and agred to mete him presently, and to accomplyshe his fonde -fancy:—to be short, and not tedyous, a quarter of a myle from the -towne, he merely toke measure of her vnder a bawdye bushe; so she gaue -hym that she had not, and he receiued that he coulde not; and taking -leue of eche other with a curteous kysse, she plesantly passed forth -one her iornaye, _and_ this vntoward lycorous chamberlayne repayred -home warde. But or these two tortylles tooke there leue, the good wyfe -myssed her whystell, and sent one of her maydenes in to her chamber -for the same, and being long sawght for, none coulde be founde; her -mystres hering that, diligent search was made for the same; and that it -was taken awaye, began to suspecte her vnblessed babe, and demaunded -of her maydens whether none of them sawe her sonne in her chamber that -morning, and one of them aunswered that she sawe him not there, but -comming from thens: then had she ynough, for well she wyste that he had -the same, and sent for him, but he could not be founde. Then she caused -her hosteler, in whome she had better affyaunce in for his trouth,—and -yet not one amongst twenty of them but haue well left there honesty, -(As I here a great sorte saye)—to come vnto her, whiche attended to -knowe her pleasure. “Goe, seke out,” saythe she, “my vntowarde sonne, -and byd hym come speake with me.” “I sawe him go out,” saythe he, -“halfe an houre {63} sithens one the backesyde. I hadde thought you -hadde sent him of your arrante.” “I sent him not,” quoth she; “goe, -loke him out.” - - [Footnote 129: _faynen._ B.] - - [Footnote 130: _lamentably._ B.] - - [Footnote 131: _beholding this._ B.] - - [Footnote 132: _but._ B.] - -¶ This hollowe hosteler toke his staffe in his necke, and trodged out -apase that waye he sawe him before go, and had some vnderstanding, by -one of the maydens, that his mistres had her whistell stolen _and_ -suspected her sonne; and he had not gone farre but that he espyed him -comming homeward alone, and, meting him, axed where he had ben. [leaf -19, back] “Where haue I bene?” q_uoth_ he, and began to smyle. “Now, by -the mas, thou hast bene at some baudy banquet.” “Thou hast euen tolde -trouth,” q_uoth_ thys chamberlayne. “Sewerly,” q_uoth_ this hosteler, -“thou haddest the same woman that begged at our house to day, for _th_e -harmes she had by fyre: where is she?” q_uoth_ he. “She is almost a -myle by this tyme,” q_uoth_ this chamberlayne. “Where is my mystres -whystell?” quoth this hosteler; “for I am well assured that thou -haddest it, and I feare me thou hast geuen it to that harlot.” “Why! is -it myssed?” quoth this chamberlayne. “Yea,” q_uoth_ this hosteler, and -shewed him all the hole circumstaunce, what was both sayde and thought -on him for the thing. “Well, I wyl tell the,” quoth this Chamberlayne. -“I wylbe playne with the. I had it in dede, and haue geue_n_ the same -to this woman, and I praye the make the best of it, and helpe nowe -to excuse the matter, and yet surely and thou wouldest take so much -payne for me as to ouer take her, (for she goeth but softly, and is -not yet farre of) and take the same from her, and I am euer thyne -assured fréende.” “Why, then, go with me,” quoth this hostler. “Nay, in -faythe,” quoth this Chamberlayne; “what is frear then gift? and I hadde -prety pastime for the same.” “Hadest thou so?” quoth this hosteler; -“nowe, by the masse, and I wyll haue some to, or I wyll lye in the -duste or I come agayne.” Passing with hast to ouer take this paramoure, -within a myle fro_m_ _th_e place where he departed he ouertoke her, -hauing an vpright man in her company, a stronge and a sturdye vacabond: -some what amased was this hosteler to se one familiarly in her company, -for he had well hopped to haue had some delycate dalyance, as his -fellowe hadde; but, seinge the matter so fallout, and being of {64} -good corage, and thinking to him selfe that one true man was better -then two false knaues, and being on the high way, thought vpon helpe, -if nede had bene, by such as had passed to and fro, Demaunded fersely -the whistell that she had euyn nowe of his fellowe. “Why, husband,” -quoth she, “can you suffer this wretche to slaunder your wyfe?” “A -vaunt verlet,” quoth this vpright man, and letes dryue with all his -force at this hosteler, and after halfe[133] a dosen blowes, he -strycks his staffe out of his hande, and as this hosteler stept backe -to haue taken vp his staffe agayne, his glymmeringe Morte flinges a -great stone at him, and strake him one the heade that downe hee fales, -wyth the bloud about his eares, and whyle hée laye this amased, the -vpright man snatches awaye his pursse, where in hée hadde money of his -mystresses as well as of his owne, and there let him lye, and went a -waye with spede that they were neuer harde of more. When this drye -beaten hosteler was come to him selfe, hée fayntlye wandereth home, and -crepethe in to hys couche, and restes [leaf 20] his ydle heade: his -mystres harde that hée was come in, and layde him downe on his beade, -repayred straight vnto him, and aske hym what he ayled, and what the -cause was of his so sudden lying one his bed. “What is the cause?” -quoth this hosteler; “your whystell, your whistel,”—speaking the same -pyteouslye thre or foure tymes. “Why, fole,” quoth his mystrisse, “take -no care for that, for I doe not greatly waye it; it was worth but thrée -shyllinges foure pens.” “I would it had bene burnt for foure yeares -agon.” “I praye the why so,” quoth his mystres; “I think thou art mad.” -“Nay, not yet,” quoth this hosteler, “but I haue bene madly handlyd.” -“Why, what is the matter?” quoth his mystres, and was more desirous to -know the case. “_And_ you wyl for geue my fellowe and me, I wyll shewe -you, or els I wyll neuer doe it.” Shée made hym presently faithfull -promisse that shée woulde. “Then,” saythe hee, “sende for your sonne -home agayne, whyche is ashamed to loke you in the face.” “I agre there -to,” sayth shée. “Well, then,” quoth this hosteler, “youre sonne hathe -geuen the same Morte that begged here, for the burninge of her house, -a whystell, and you haue geuen her v. shyllinges in money, {65} and I -haue geuen her ten shyllinges of my owne.” “Why, howe so?” quoth she. -Then he sadly shewed her of his myshap, with all the circumstaunce that -you haue harde before, and howe hys pursse was taken awaye, and xv. -shyllinges in the same, where of v. shyllinges was her money and x. -shyllinges his owne money. “Is this true?” quoth his mystres. “I, by my -trouth,” quoth this hosteler, “and nothing greues me so much, neyther -my beating, neither the losse of my money, as doth my euell _and_ -wreched lucke.” “Why, what is the matter?” quoth his mystres. “Your -sonne,” saythe this hosteler, “had some chere and pastyme for that -whystell, for he laye with her, and I haue bene well beaten, and haue -had my pursse taken from me, and you knowe your sonne is merrye and -pleasaunt, and can kepe no great councell; and then shall I bemocked -_and_ loughed to skorne in all places when they shall here howe I haue -bene serued.” “Nowe, out vpon you knaues both,” quoth his mystres, and -laughes oute the matter; for she well sawe it would not other wyse -preuayle. - - [Footnote 133: Omitted in 1573] - - -¶ A BAWDY BASKET. Cap. 17. - -++THese Bawdy baskets be also wemen, and go with baskets and -Capcases on their armes, where in they haue laces, pynnes, nedles, -white ynkell, and round sylke gyrdles of al coulours. These wyl bye -co_n_neyski_n_s,[134] _and_ steale line_n_ clothes of on hedges. And -for their trifles they wil procure of mayden seruaunts, whe_n_ [leaf -20, back] their mystres or dame is oute of the waye, either some good -peece of béefe, baken, or chéese, that shalbe worth xij. pens, for -ii. pens of their toyes. And as they walke by the waye, they often -gaine some money wyth their instrument, by such as they sodaynely mete -withall. The vpright men haue good acquayntance with these, and will -helpe and relieue them when they want. Thus they trade their lyues in -lewed lothsome lechery. Amongest them all is but one honest woman, and -she is of good yeares; her name is Ione Messenger. I haue had good -proofe of her, as I haue learned by the true report of diuers. - - [Footnote 134: Rabbitskins] - -{66} - -++{ There came to my gate the last sommer, Anno Domini .1566, a very -miserable man, and much deformed, as burnt in the } face, blere eyde, -and lame of one of his legges that he went with a crouche. I axed -him wher he was borne, and where he dwelt last, and shewed him that -thether he must repaire and be releued, and not to range aboute the -countrey; and seing some cause of cherytie, I caused him to haue meate -and drinke, and when he had dronke, I demaunded of him whether he was -neuer spoyled of the vpright man or Roge. “Yes, that I haue,” quoth -he, “and not this seuen yeres, for so long I haue gon abroad, I had -not so much taken from me, and so euyll handeled, as I was w_i_t_h_in -these iiij. dayes.” “Why, how so?” quoth I. “In good fayth, sir,” quoth -hée, “I chaunced to méete with one of these bawdy baskets which had an -vpright man in her company, and as I would haue passed quietly by her, -‘man,’ sayth she vnto vnto her make, ‘do you not se this ylfauored, -windshake_n_ knaue?’ ‘Yes,’ quoth the vpright man; ‘what saye you to -him?’ ‘this knaue[135] oweth me ii. shyllings for wares that[136] he -had of me, halfe a yere a go, I think it well.’ Sayth this vpright -man, ‘syra,’ sayth he, ‘paye your dets.’ Sayth this poore man, ‘I owe -her none, nether dyd I euer bargane with her for any thinge, and as -this[137] aduysed I neuer sawe her before in all my lyfe.’ ‘Mercy, -god!’ quoth she, ‘what a lyinge knaue is this, and he wil not paye you, -husband, beat him suerly,’ and the vpright man gaue me thre or foure -blowes on my backe and shoulders, and would haue beat me worsse and I -had not geuen hym all the money in my pursse, and in good fayth, for -very feare, I was fayne to geue him xiiij. pens, which was all the -money that I had. ‘Why,’ sayth this bawdy basket, ‘hast thou no more? -then thou owest me ten pens styll; and, be well assured that I wyll -bée payde the next tyme I méete with thée.’ And so they let me passe -by them. I praye god saue and blesse me, and al other in my case, from -such wycked persons,” quoth this poore man. “Why, whether went they -then?” quoth I. “Into east Kent, for I mete with them on thyssyde of -Rochester. I haue dyuers tymes bene attemted, but {67} I neuer loste -[leaf 21] much before. I thanke god, there came styll company by a fore -this vnhappy time.” “Well,” quoth I, “thanke God of all, and repaire -home into thy natyue countrey.” - - [Footnote 135: B. inserts _sayth she_.] - - [Footnote 136: Omitted in 1573.] - - [Footnote 137: 1573 reads _I am_] - - -¶ A AUTEM MORT. Cap. 18. - -++THese Autem Mortes be maried wemen, as there be but a fewe. For Autem -in their Language is a Churche; so she is a wyfe maried at the Church, -and they be as chaste as a Cowe I haue, _tha_t goeth to Bull euery -moone, with what Bull she careth not. These walke most times from their -husbands companye a moneth and more to gether, being asociate with -another as honest as her selfe. These wyll pylfar clothes of hedges: -some of them go with children of ten or xii. yeares of age; yf tyme and -place serue for their purpose, they wyll send them into some house, at -the window, to steale and robbe, which they call in their language, -Milling of the ken; and wil go w_i_t_h_ wallets on their shoulders, -and slates at their backes. There is one of these Autem Mortes, she is -now a widow, of fyfty yeres old; her name is Alice Milson: she goeth -about with a couple of great boyes, the yongest of them is fast vpon -xx. yeares of age; and these two do lye with her euery night, and she -lyeth in the middes: she sayth that they be her children, that beteled -be babes borne of such abhominable bellye. - - -¶ A WALKING MORT. Cap. 19. - -++THese walkinge Mortes bee not maryed: these for their vnhappye yeares -doth go as a Autem Morte, and wyll saye their husbandes died eyther at -Newhauen, Ireland, or in some seruice of the Prince. These make laces -vpon staues, _and_ purses, that they cary in their hands, and whyte -vallance for beddes. Manye of these hath hadde and haue chyldren: when -these get ought, either with begging, bychery, or brybery, as money or -apparell, they are quickly shaken out of all by the vpright men, that -they are in a maruelous feare to cary any thinge aboute them that is -of any valure. Where fore, this pollicye they vse, they leaue their -money now with one and then with a nother trustye housholders, eyther -with the good man or good wyfe, some tyme in one shiere, and then in -another, as they {68} trauell: this haue I knowne, _tha_t iiij. or -v. shyllinges, yea x. shyllinges, lefte in a place, and the same wyll -they come for againe within one quarter of a yeare, or some tyme not in -halfe a yeare; and all this is to lytle purpose, for all their peuyshe -[leaf 21, back] pollycy; for when they bye them lynnen or garmentse, it -is taken awaye from them, and worsse geuen them, or none at all. - -¶ The last Sommer, Anno domini .1566, being in familiare talke with a -walking Mort that came to my gate, I learned by her what I could, and -I thought I had gathered as much for my purpose as I desired. I began -to rebuke her for her leud lyfe and beastly behauor, declaring to her -what punishment was prepared and heaped vp for her in the world to -come for her fylthy lyuinge and wretched conuersation. “God helpe,” -q_uoth_ she, “how should I lyue? none wyll take me into seruice; but I -labour in haruest time honestly.” “I thinke but a whyle with honestie,” -q_uoth_ I. “Shall I tell you,” q_uoth_ she, “the best of vs all may be -amended; but yet, I thanke god, I dyd one good dede within this twelue -mo_n_thes.” “Wherein?” q_uoth_ I. Sayth she, “I woulde not haue it -spoken of agayne.” “Yf it be méete and necessary,” q_uo_d I, “it shall -lye vnder my feete.” “What meane you by that?” quoth she. “I meane,” -q_uo_d I, “to hide the same, and neuer to discouer it to any.” “Well,” -q_uoth_ she, and began to laugh as much as she could, and sweare by the -masse that if I disclosed the same to any, she woulde neuer more[138] -tell me any thinge. “The last sommer,” q_uoth_ she, “I was greate with -chylde, and I traueled into east kent by the sea coste, for I lusted -meruelously after oysters and muskels[139], and gathered many, and in -_th_e place where I found them, I opened them and eate them styll: at -the last, in seking more, I reached after one, and stept into a hole, -and fel in into the wast, and their dyd stycke, and I had bene drowned -if the tide had come, and espyinge a man a good waye of, I cried as -much as I could for helpe. I was alone, he hard me, and repaired as -fast to me as he might, and finding me their fast stycking, I required -for gods sake his helpe; and whether it was with stryuinge and forcing -my selfe out, or for ioye I had of his comminge to me, I had a great -couller in my face, and loked red and well {69} coullered. And, to be -playne with you, hée lyked me so well (as he sayd) that I should there -lye styll, and I would not graunt him, that he might lye with me. And, -by my trouth, I wist not what to answeare, I was in such a perplexite; -for I knew the man well: he had a very honest woman to his wyfe, and -was of some welth; and, one the other syde, if I weare not holpe out, -I should there haue perished, and I graunted hym that I would obeye to -his wyll: then he plucked me out. And because there was no conuenient -place nere hande, I required hym that I might go washe my selfe, and -make me somewhat clenly, and I would come to his house and lodge all -night in his barne, whether he mighte repaire to me, and accomplyshe -hys desire, ‘but let it not be,’ quoth she,[140] ‘before nine of the -clocke at nyghte [leaf 22] for then there wylbe small styrring. And -I may repaire to the towne,’ q_uoth_ she,[141] ‘to warme and drye my -selfe’; for this was about two of the clocke in the after none. ‘Do -so,’ quoth hée; ‘for I must be busie to looke oute my cattell here by -before I can come home.’ So I went awaye from hym, and glad was I.” -“And why so?” quoth I. “Because,” quoth she, “his wyfe, my good dame, -is my very fréend, and I am much beholdinge to her. And she hath donne -me so much good or this, that I weare loth nowe to harme her any waye.” -“Why,” quoth I, “what and it hadde béene any other man, and not your -good dames husbande?” “The matter had bene the lesse,” quoth shée. -“Tell me, I pray the,” quoth I, “who was the father of thy chylde?” She -stodyd a whyle, and sayde that it hadde a father. “But what was hée?” -quoth I. “Nowe, by my trouth, I knowe not,” quoth shée; “you brynge -me out of my matter so, you do.” “Well, saye on,” quoth I. “Then I -departed strayght to the towne, and came to my dames house, And shewed -her of my mysfortune, also of her husbands vsage, in all pointes, and -that I showed her the same for good wyll, and byde her take better -héede to her husbande, and to her selfe: so shée gaue me great thankes, -and made me good chéere, and byd me in anye case that I should be redye -at the barne at that tyme and houre we had apoynted; ‘for I knowe -well,’ quoth this good wyfe, ‘my husband wyll not breake wyth the. And -one thinge I warne[142] the, that thou {70} geue me a watche worde -a loud when hée goeth aboute to haue his pleasure of the, and that -shall[143] bée “fye, for shame, fye,” and I wyll bée harde by you wyth -helpe. But I charge the kéepe thys secret vntyll all bee fynesed; and -holde,’ saythe thys good wyfe, ‘here is one of my peticotes I geue -thée.’ ‘I thanke you, good dame,’ quoth I, ‘and I warrante you I wyll -bée true and trustye vnto you.’ So my dame lefte me settinge by a good -fyre with meate and drynke; and wyth the oysters I broughte with me, I -hadde greate cheere: shée wente strayght and repaired vnto her gossypes -dwelling there by; and, as I dyd after vnderstande, she made her mone -to them, what a naughtye, lewed, lecherous husbande shée hadde, and -howe that she coulde not haue hys companye for harlotes, and that she -was in feare to take some fylthy dysease of hym, he was so commen a -man, hauinge lytle respecte whome he hadde to do with all; ‘and,’ quoth -she, ‘nowe here is one at my house, a poore woman that goeth aboute -the countrey that he woulde haue hadde to doe withall; wherefore, good -neyghboures and louinge gossypes, as you loue me, and as you would haue -helpe at my hand another tyme, deuyse some remedy to make my husband a -good man, _tha_t I may lyue in some suerty without disease, and that -hée may saue his soule that God so derelye [leaf 22, back] bought.’ -After shée hadde tolde her tale, they caste their persinge eyes all -vpon her, but one stoute dame amongst the rest had these wordes—‘As -your pacient bearinge of troubles, your honest behauiour among vs your -neyghbours, your tender and pytifull hart to the poore of the parysh, -doth moue vs to lament your case, so the vnsatiable carnalite of your -faithelesse husbande doth instigate and styre vs to deuyse and inuent -some spéedy redresse for your ease[144] and the amendement of hys -lyfe. Wherefore, this is my councell and you wyll bée aduertysed by -me; for[145] I saye to you all, vnlesse it be this good wyfe, who is -chéefely touched in this matter, I haue the nexte cause; for hée was in -hande wyth me not longe a goe, and companye had not bene present, which -was by a meruelous chaunce, he hadde, I thinke, forced me. For often -hée hath bene tempering[146] with me, and yet haue I sharpely sayde him -{71} naye: therefore, let vs assemble secretly into the place where hée -hathe apuynted to méete thys gyllot that is at your house, and lyrke -preuelye in some corner tyll hée begyn to goe aboute his busines. And -then me thought I harde you saye euen nowe that you had a watche word, -at which word we wyll all stepforth, being fiue of vs besydes you, for -you shalbe none because it is your husbande, but gette you to bed at -your accustomed houre. And we wyll cary eche of vs[147] good byrchen -rodde in our lappes, and we will all be muffeled for knowing, and se -that you goe home and acquaynt that walking Morte with the matter; for -we must haue her helpe to hold, for alwaies foure must hold and two -lay one.’ ‘Alas!’ sayth this good wyfe, ‘he is to stronge for you all. -I would be loth, for my sake you should receaue harme at his hande.’ -‘feare you not,’ q_uoth_ these stout wemen, ‘let her not geue the watch -word vntyl his hosen be abaut his legges. And I trowe we all wylbe with -him to bring before he shall haue leasure to plucke them vp againe.’ -They all with on voyce ag[r]ed to the matter, that the way she had -deuised was the best: so this good wife repaired home; but before she -departed from her gossypes, she shewed them at what houre they should -preuely come in on _th_e backsid, _and_ where to tary their good our: -so by _th_e time she came in, it was all most night, and found the -walking Morte still setting by the fyre, and declared to her all this -new deuyse aboue sayd, which promised faythfully to full fyll to her -small powre as much as they hadde deuysed: within a quarter of an -oure after, in co_m_meth the good man, who said that he was about his -cattell. “Why, what haue we here, wyfe, setting by the fyre? _and_ yf -she haue eate and dronke, send her into the barne to her lodging for -this night, for she troubeleth the house.” “Euen as you wyll husbande,” -sayth his wyfe; “you knowe she commeth once in two yeres into these -[leaf 23] quarters. Awaye,” saythe this good wyfe, “to your lodginge.” -“Yes, good dame,” sayth she, “as fast as I can:” thus, by loking -one[148] on the other, eche knewe others mynde, and so departed to her -comely couche: the good man of the house shrodge hym for Ioye, thinking -to hym selfe, I wyll make some pastyme with you anone. And calling to -his wyfe for hys sopper, set {72} him downe, and was very plesant, -and dranke to his wyfe, _and_ fell to his mammerings, and mounched a -pace, nothing vnderstanding of the bancquet that[149] was a preparing -for him after sopper, _and_ according to the prouerbe, that swete -meate wyll haue sowre sawce: thus, whe_n_ he was well refreshed, his -sprietes being reuyued, entred into familiare talke with his wife, of -many matters, how well he had spent that daye to both there proffytes, -sayinge some of his cattell[150] were lyke to haue bene drowned in the -dyches, dryuinge others of his neyghbours cattell out that were in -his pastures, _and_ mending his fences that were broken downe. Thus -profitably he had consumed the daye, nothinge talking of his helping -out of the walkinge Morte out of the myre, nether of his request nor -yet of her[151] promisse. Thus feding her w_i_t_h_ frendly fantacyes, -consumed two houres and more. Then fayninge howe hée would se in what -case his horse were in and howe they were dressed, Repaired couertly -into the barne, where as his frée[n]dlye foes lyrked preuely, vnlesse -it were this manerly Morte, that comly couched on a bottell of strawe. -“What, are you come?” q_uoth_ she; “by the masse, I would not for a -hundreth pound that my dame should knowe that you were here, eyther any -els of your house.” “No, I warrant the,” sayth this good man, “they be -all safe and fast ynough at their woorke, and I wylbe at mine anon.” -And laye downe by her, and strayght would haue had to do w_i_t_h_ her. -“Nay, fye,” sayth she, “I lyke not this order: if ye lye with me, you -shall surely vntrus you _and_ put downe your hosen, for that way is -most easiest and best.” “Sayest thou so?” quoth he, “now, by my trouth -agred.” And when he had vntrussed him selfe and put downe, he began -to assalt the vnsatiable[152] fort “Why,” quoth she, that was with -out shame, sauinge for her promes, “And are you not ashamed?” “neuer -a whyte,” sayth he, “lye downe quickely.” “Now, fye, for shame, fye,” -sayth shée a loude, whyche was the watche word. At the which word, -these fyue furious, sturdy, muffeled gossypes flynges oute, and takes -sure holde of this be trayed parson, sone[153] pluckinge his hosen -downe lower, and byndinge the same fast about his féete; {73} then -byndinge his handes, and knitting a hande charcher about his eyes, that -he shoulde not sée; and when they had made hym sure and fast, Then they -layd him one vntyll they weare windles. “Be good,” sayth this Morte, -“vnto my maister, for the passion of God,” [leaf 23, back] and layd -on as fast as the rest, and styll seased not to crye vpon them to bée -mercyfull vnto hym, and yet layde on a pace; and when they had well -beaten hym, that the bloud braste plentifullye oute in most places, -they let hym lye styll bounde. With this exhortation, that he shoulde -from that tyme forth knowe his wyfe from other mens, and that this -punishment was but a flebyting in respect of that which should followe, -yf he amended not his manners. Thus leuynge hym blustering, blowing, -and fominge for payne, and malyncolye that hée neither might or coulde -be reuenged of them, they vanyshed awaye, and hadde thys Morte with -them, and safely conuayde her out of the towne: sone after co_m_meth -into the barne one of the good mans boyes, to fet some haye for his -horse. And fyndinge his maister lyinge faste bounde and greuouslye -beaten with rodes, was sodenly abashed and woulde haue runne out agayne -to haue called for helpe; but his maister bed hym come vnto hym and -vnbynd hym; “and make no wordes,” quoth he, “of this. I wylbe reuenged -well inoughe;” yet not with standinge, after better aduyse, the matter -beinge vnhonest, he thought it meter to let the same passe, and, -not, as the prouerbe saythe, to awake the sleping dogge. “And, by my -trouth,” quoth this walkinge Morte, “I come nowe from that place, and -was neuer there sythens this parte was playde, whiche is some what more -then a yeare. And I here a very good reporte of hym now, that he loueth -his wyfe well, and vseth hym selfe verye honestlye; and was not this a -good acte? nowe, howe saye you?” “It was pretely handeled,” quoth I, -“and is here all?” “Yea,” quoth she, “here is the ende.” - - [Footnote 138: Omitted in 1573.] - - [Footnote 139: _mussels._ B.] - - [Footnote 140: _he_, ed. 1573.] - - [Footnote 141: _I_, ed. 1573.] - - [Footnote 142: _warrant._ B.] - - [Footnote 143: _should._ B.] - - [Footnote 144: 1573 reads _case_] - - [Footnote 145: Omitted in 1573.] - - [Footnote 146: 1573 reads _tempting_] - - [Footnote 147: B. inserts _a_] - - [Footnote 148: _won._ B.] - - [Footnote 149: B. omits _that_] - - [Footnote 150: B. inserts _that_] - - [Footnote 151: 1573 reads _his_] - - [Footnote 152: B. reads _vnsanable_, or _vnsauable_] - - [Footnote 153: 1573 reads _some_] - - -¶ A DOXE. Cap. 20. - -++THese Doxes be broken and spoyled of their maydenhead by the vpright -men, and then they haue their name of Doxes, and not afore. And -afterwarde she is commen and indifferent for any that wyll vse her, as -_homo_ is a commen name to all men. Such {74} as be fayre and some -what handsome, kepe company with the walkinge Mortes, and are redye -alwayes for the vpright men, and are cheifely mayntayned by them, for -others shalbe spoyled for their sakes: the other, inferior, sort wyll -resorte to noble mens places, and gentlemens houses, standing at the -gate, eyther lurkinge on the backesyde about backe houses, eyther in -hedge rowes, or some other thycket, expectinge their praye, which -is for the vncomely company of some curteous gest, of whome they be -refreshed with meate and some money, where eschaunge is made, ware -for ware: this bread and meate they vse to carrye in their [leaf 24] -greate hosen; so that these beastlye brybinge[154] bréeches serue manye -tymes for bawdye purposes. I chaunced, not longe sithens, familiarly -to commen with a Doxe that came to my gate, and surelye a pleasant -harlot, and not so pleasant as wytty, and not so wytty as voyd of all -grace and goodnes. I founde, by her talke, that shée hadde passed her -tyme lewdlye eyghttene yeares in walkinge aboute. I thoughte this a -necessary instrument to attayne some knowledge by; and before I woulde -grope her mynde, I made her both to eate and drynke well; that done, -I made her faythfull promisse to geue her some money, yf she would -open and dyscouer to me such questions as I woulde demaunde of her, -and neuer to bée wraye her, neither to disclose her name. “And you -shoulde,” sayth she, “I were vndon:” “feare not that,” quoth I; “but, -I praye the,” quoth I, “say nothing but trouth.” “I wyll not,” sayth -shée. “Then, fyrste tell me,” quoth I, “how many vpright men and Roges -dost thou knowe, or hast thou knowne and byn conuersaunt with, and -what their names be?” She paused a whyle, and sayd, “why do you aske -me, or wherefore?” “For nothinge els,” as I sayde, “but that I woulde -knowe them when they came to my gate.” “Nowe, by my trouth” (quoth she) -“then are yea neuer the neare, for all myne acquayntaunce, for the -moste parte, are deade.” “Dead!” quoth I, “howe dyed they, for wante -of cherishinge, or of paynefull diseases?” Then she sighed, and sayde -they were hanged. “What, all?” quoth I, “and so manye walke abroade, -as I dayelye see?” “By my trouth,” quoth she, “I {75} knowe not paste -six or seuen by their names,” and named the same to me. “When were -they hanged?” quoth I. “Some seuen yeares a gone, some thrée yeares, -and some w_i_t_h_in this fortnight,” and declared the place where -they weare executed, which I knewe well to bée true, by the report of -others. “Why” (quoth I) “dyd not this sorrowfull and fearefull sight -much greue the, and for thy tyme longe and euyll spent?” “I was sory,” -quoth shée, “by the Masse; for some of them were good louing men. For -I lackt not when they had it, and they wanted not when I had it, and -diuers of them I neuer dyd forsake, vntyll the Gallowes departed vs.” -“O, mercyfull God!” quoth I, and began to blesse me. “Why blesse ye?” -quoth she. “Alas! good gentleman, euery one muste haue a lyuinge.” -Other matters I talked of; but this nowe maye suffice to shewe the -Reader, as it weare in a glasse, the bolde beastly lyfe of these Doxes. -For suche as hath gone anye tyme abroade, wyll neuer forsake their -trade, to dye therefore. I haue hadde good profe thereof. There is one, -a notorious harlot, of this affinitye, called Besse Bottomelye; she -hath but one hande, and she hath murthered two children at the least. - - [Footnote 154: _bryberinge._ B.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 24, back]] - - -¶ A DELL. Cap. 21. - -++A Dell is a yonge wenche, able for generation, and not yet knowen or -broken by the vpright man. These go abroade yong, eyther by the death -of their parentes, and no bodye to looke vnto them, or els by some -sharpe mystres that they serue, do runne away out of seruice; eyther -she is naturally borne one, and then she is a wyld Dell: these are -broken verye yonge; when they haue béene lyen with all by the vpright -man, then they be Doxes, and no Dels. These wylde dels, beinge traded -vp with their monstrous mothers, must of necessytie be as euill, or -worsse, then their parents, for neither we gather grapes from gréene -bryars, neither fygs from Thystels. But such buds, such blosoms, such -euyll sede sowen, wel worsse beinge growen. {76} - - -¶ A KYNCHIN MORTE. Cap. 22. - -++A Kynching Morte is a lytle Gyrle: the Mortes their mothers carries -them at their backes in their slates, whiche is their shetes, and -bryngs them vp sauagely[155], tyll they growe to be rype, and soone -rype, soone rotten. - - -¶ A KYNCHEN CO. Cap. 23. - -++A Kynchen Co is a young boye, traden vp to suche peuishe purposes as -you haue harde of other young ympes before, that when he groweth vnto -yeres, he is better to hang then to drawe forth. - - -¶ THEIR VSAGE IN THE NIGHT. Cap. 24. - -++NOw I thinke it not vnnecessary to make the Reader vnderstand how -and in what maner they lodge a nights in barnes or backe houses, -and of their vsage there, for asmuch as I haue acquaynted them with -their order and practises a day times. The arche and chiefe walkers -that hath walked a long time, whose experience is great, because of -their continuinge practise, I meane all Mortes and Doxes, for their -handsomnes and diligence for making of their couches. The men neuer -trouble them selues with _tha_t thing, but takes the same to be the -dutye of _th_e wyfe. And she shuffels vp a quayntitye of strawe or -haye into some pretye carner of the barne [leaf 25] where she maye -conuenientlye lye, and well shakethe the same, makinge the heade some -what hye, and dryues the same vpon the sydes and fete lyke abed: then -she layeth her wallet, or some other lytle pack of ragges or scrype -vnder her heade in the strawe, to beare vp the same, and layethe her -petycote or cloke vpon and ouer the strawe, so made lyke a bedde, and -that serueth for the blancket. Then she layeth her slate, which is her -sheete, vpon that; and she haue no shéete, as fewe of them goe without, -then she spreddeth some large cloutes or rags ouer the same, and maketh -her ready, and layeth her drouselye downe. Many wyll plucke of their -smockes, and laye the same vpon them in stede of their vpper shéete, -and all her other pelte and {77} trashe vpon her also; and many lyeth -in their smockes. And if the rest of her clothes in colde weather be -not sufficient to kepe her warme, then she taketh strawe or haye to -performe the matter. The other sorte, that haue not slates, but toumble -downe and couche a hogshead in their clothes, these bée styll lousye, -and shall neuer be with out vermyn, vnlesse they put of theire clothes, -and lye as is a boue sayde. If the vpright man come in where they lye, -he hath his choyse, and crepeth in close by his Doxe: the Roge hath -his leauings. If the Morts or Doxes lye or be lodged in some Farmers -barne, and the dore be ether locked or made fast to them, then wyl -not the vpright man presse to come in, Vnles it be in barnes and oute -houses standinge alone, or some distance from houses, which be commonly -knowne to them, As saint Quintens, thrée Cranes of the vintrey, Saynt -Tybbes, and Knapsbery. These foure be with in one myle compasse neare -vnto London. Then haue you iiij. more in Middlesex, drawe the pudding -out of the fyre in Harrow on the hyll parish, _th_e Crose Keyes in -Cranford[156] parish, Saynt Iulyans in Thystell worth parish, the house -of pyty in Northhall parysh. These are their chiefe houses neare about -London, where commonly they resorte vnto for Lodginge, and maye repaire -thether freelye at all tymes. Sometyme shall come in some Roge, some -pyckinge knaue, a nymble Prygge; he walketh in softly a nightes, when -they be at their rest, and plucketh of as many garmentes as be ought -worth that he maye come by, and worth money, and maye easely cary the -same, and runneth a waye with the same with great seleritye, and maketh -porte sale at some conuenient place of theirs, that some be soone ready -in the morning, for want of their Casters _and_ Togema_n_s. Where in -stéede of blessinge is cursing; in place of praying, pestelent prating -with odious othes _and_ terrible threatninges. The vpright men haue -geuen all these nycke names to the places aboue sayde. Y[e]t haue [leaf -25, back] we two notable places in Kent, not fare from London: the one -is betwene Detforde and Rothered, called the Kynges barne, standing -alone, that they haunt commonly; the other is Ketbroke, standinge by -blacke heath, halfe a myle from anye house. There wyll they boldlye -drawe the latche of the doore, and {78} go in when the good man with -hys famyly be at supper, and syt downe without leaue, and eate and -drinke with them, and either lye in the hall by the fyre all night, or -in _th_e barne, if there be no rome in the house for them. If the doore -be eyther bolted or lockt, if it be not opened vnto them when they wyl, -they wyl breake the same open to his farther cost. And in this barne -sometyme do lye xl. vpright men with their Doxes together at one time. -And this must the poore Farmer suffer, or els they threaten him to -burne him, and all that he hath. - - [Footnote 155: B. reads _safely_] - - [Footnote 156: 1573 reads _Crayford_.] - -―――― - - -THE NAMES OF THE VPRIGHT MEN, ROGES, AND PALLYARDS. - -++HEre followeth the vnrulye rablement of rascals, and the moste -notoryous and wyckedst walkers that are lyuinge nowe at this present, -with their true names as they be called and knowne by. And although -I set and place here but thre orders, yet, good Reader, vnderstand -that all the others aboue named are deriued and come out from the -vpright men and Roges. Concerning the number of Mortes and Doxes, it is -superfluous to wryte of them. I could well haue don it, but the number -of them is great, and woulde aske a large volume. - - - ¶ UPRIGHT MEN. - - - A.[157] - - Antony Heymer. - Antony Iackeson. - - - B. - - Burfet. - Bryan medcalfe. - - - C. - - Core the Cuckold. - Chrystouer Cooke. - - - D. - - Dowzabell skylfull in fence. - Dauid Coke. - Dycke Glouer. - Dycke Abrystowe. - Dauid Edwardes. - Dauid Holand. - Dauid Iones. - - - E. - - Edmund Dun, a singing man. - Edward Skiner, _alias_ Ned Skinner. - Edward Browne. - - - F. - - Follentine Hylles. - Fardinando angell. - Fraunces Dawghton. {79} - - - G. - - Gryffin. - Great Iohn Graye. - George Marrinar. - George Hutchinson. - - - H. - - Hary Hylles, alias Harry godepar. - [leaf 26] Harry Agglyntine. - Harry Smyth, he driueleth whe_n_ he speaketh. - Harry Ionson. - - - I. - - Iames Barnard. - Iohn Myllar. - Iohn Walchman. - Iohn Iones. - Iohn Teddar. - Iohn Braye. - Iohn Cutter. - Iohn Bell. - Iohn Stephens. - Iohn Graye. - Iohn Whyte. - Iohn Rewe. - Iohn Mores. - Iohn a Farnando. - Iohn Newman. - Iohn Wyn, _alias_ Wylliams. - Iohn a Pycons. - Iohn Tomas. - Iohn Arter. - Iohn Palmer, _alias_ Tod. - Iohn Geffrey. - Iohn Goddard. - Iohn Graye the lytle. - Iohn Graye the great. - Iohn Wylliams the Longer. - Iohn Horwood, a maker of wels; he wyll take halfe his bargayne in hand, - _and_ when hée hath wrought ii. or iii. daies, he runneth away - with his earnest. - Iohn Peter. - Iohn Porter. - Iohn Appowes. - Iohn Arter. - Iohn Bates. - Iohn Comes. - Iohn Chyles, _alias_ great Chyles. - Iohn Leuet; he maketh tappes and fausets. - Iohn Louedall, a maister of fence. - Iohn Louedale. - Iohn Mekes. - Iohn Appowell. - Iohn Chappell. - Iohn Gryffen. - Iohn Mason. - Iohn Humfrey, with the lame hand. - Iohn Stradling, with the shaking head. - Iohn Franke. - Iohn Baker. - Iohn Bascafeld. - - - K. - - - L. - - Lennard Iust. - Long Gréene. - Laurence Ladd. - Laurence Marshall. - - - M. - - - N. - - Nicolas Wilson. - Ned Barington. - Ned Wetherdon. - Ned holmes. - - - O. - - - P. - - Phyllype Gréene. - - - Q. - - - R. - - Robart Grauener. - Robart Gerse. - Robart Kynge. - Robart Egerton. - Robart Bell, brother to Iohn Bell. - Robart Maple. - Robart Langton. - Robyn Bell. - Robyn Toppe. - Robart Brownswerd, he werith his here long. - Robart Curtes. - Rychard Brymmysh. - Rychard Iustyce. - Rychard Barton. {80} - Rychard Constance. - Rychard Thomas. - Rychard Cadman. - Rychard Scategood. - Rychard Apryce. - Rychard Walker. - Rychard Coper. - - - S. - - Steuen Neuet. - - - T. - - Thomas Bulloke. [leaf 26, back] - Thomas Cutter. - Thomas Garret. - Thomas Newton. - Thomas Web. - Thomas Graye, his toes be gonne. - Tom Bodel. - Thomas Wast. - Thomas Dawson _alias_ Thomas Iacklin. - Thomas Basset. - Thomas Marchant. - Thomas Web. - Thomas Awefeld. - Thomas Gybbins. - Thomas Lacon. - Thomas Bate. - Thomas Allen. - - - V. - - - W. - - Welarayd Richard. - Wyllia_m_ Chamborne. - Wylliam Pannell. - Wylliam Morgan. - Wylliam Belson. - Wylliam Ebes. - Wylliam Garret. - Wylliam Robynson. - Wylliam Vmberuile. - Wylliam Dauids. - Wyll Pen. - Wylliam Iones. - Wyll Powell. - Wylliam Clarke. - Water Wirall. - Wylliam Browne. - Water Martyne.[158] - Wylliam Grace. - Wylliam Pyckering. - - - ROGES. - - - A. - - Arche Dowglas, a Scot. - - - B. - - Blacke Dycke. - - - C. - - - D. - - Dycke Durram. - Dauid Dew neuet, a counterfet Cranke. - - - E. - - Edward Ellys. - Edward Anseley. - - - F. - - - G. - - George Belberby. - Goodman. - Gerard Gybbin, a counterfet Cranke. - - - H. - - Hary Walles, with the lytle mouth. - Humfrey ward. - Harry Mason. - - - I. - - Iohn Warren. - Iohn Donne, with one legge. - Iohn Elson. - Iohn Raynoles, Irysh man. - Iohn Harrys. - Iames Monkaster, a counterfet Cranke. - Iohn Dewe. - Iohn Crew, with one arme. - Iohn Browne, great stamerar. - - - L. - - Lytle Dycke. - Lytle Robyn. - Lambart Rose. {81} - - - M. - - More, burnt in the hand.[159] - - - N. - - Nicholas Adames, a great stamerar.[160] - Nycholas Crispyn. - Nycholas Blunt _alias_ Nycholas Gennings, a counterfet Cranke. - Nycholas Lynch. - - - R. - - Rychard Brewton. - Rychard Horwod, well nere lxxx. yeares olde; he wyll byte a vi. peny - nayle a sonder w_i_t_h_ his téeth, and a bawdye [leaf 27] dronkard. - Richard Crane; he carieth a Kynchne Co at his backe. - Rychard Iones. - Raffe Ketley. - Robert Harrison. - - - S. - - Simon Kynge. - - - T. - - Thomas Paske. - [161]§Thomas Bere. - Thomas Shawnean, Irish man. - Thomas Smith, w_i_t_h_ the skald skyn.§ - - - W. - - Wylliam Carew. - Wylliam wastfield. - Wylson. - Wylliam Gynkes, with a whyte bearde, a lusty and stronge man; he - runneth about the countrey to séeke worke, with a byg boy, his - sonne carying his toles as a dawber or playsterer, but lytle worke - serueth him. - - - ¶ PALLYARDS. - - - B. - - Bashford. - - - D. - - Dycke Sehan Irish. - Dauid Powell. - Dauid Iones, a counterfet Crank. - - E. - - Edward Heyward, hath his Morte following him, which fained the Cranke. - Edward Lewes, a dummerer. - - - H. - - Hugh Iones. - - - I. - - Iohn Perse,[162] a counterfet Cranke. - Iohn dauids. - Iohn Harrison. - Iohn Carew. - Iames Lane, with one eye, Irish. - Iohn Fysher. - Iohn Dewe. - Iohn Gylford, Irish, w_i_t_h_ a counterfet lisence. - - - L. - - Laurence with the great legge. - - - N. - - Nycholas Newton, carieth a fained lisence. - Nicholas Decase. {82} - - - P. - - Prestoue. - - - R. - - Robart Lackley. - Robart Canloke. - Richard Hylton, caryeth ii. Kynchen mortes about him. - Richard Thomas. - - - S. - - Soth gard. - Swanders. - - - T. - - Thomas Edwards. - Thomas Dauids. - Wylliam Thomas. - Wylliam Coper with the Harelyp. - Wyll Pettyt, beareth a Kinche_n_ mort at his back. - Wylliam Bowmer. - - [Footnote 157: The arrangement in Bodley ed. is not alphabetical.] - - [Footnote 158: Omitted in 1573 edit.] - - [Footnote 159: Omitted in 1573 ed.] - - [Footnote 160: Last three words omitted in 1573 ed.] - - [Footnote 161: §–§ The 1573 ed. arranges these names in the - following order:— - Thomas Béere. Irish man. - Thomas Smith with the skalde skin. - Thomas Shawneam.] - - [Footnote 162: The 1573 ed. reads _Persk_] - -There is aboue an hundreth of Irish men and women that wander about to -begge for their lyuing, that hath come ouer within these two yeares. -They saye the[y] haue béene burned and spoyled by the Earle of Desmond, -and report well of the Earle of Vrmond. - -¶ All these aboue wryten for the most part walke about Essex, -Myddlesex, Sussex, Surrey, and Kent. Then let the reader iudge what -number walkes in other Shieres, I feare me to great a number, if they -be well vnderstande. - -[Headnote: HARMON. PEDDELARS FRENCHE.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 27, back]] - - -[163]*Here followyth their pelting speche.* - -++HEre I set before the good Reader the leud, lousey language of these -lewtering Luskes _and_ lasy Lorrels, where with they bye and sell the -common people as they pas through the countrey. Whych language they -terme Peddelars Frenche, a vnknowen toung onely, but to these bold, -beastly, bawdy Beggers, and vaine Vacabondes, being halfe myngled with -Englyshe, when it is famyliarlye talked, and fyrste placinge thinges by -their proper names as an Introduction to this peuyshe spéeche. - - Nab, - a head. - - Nabchet, - a hat or cap. - - Glasyers, - eyes. - - a smelling chete, - a nose. - - gan, - a mouth. - - a pratling chete, - a tounge. - - Crashing chetes, - téeth. - - Hearing chetes, - eares. - - fambles, - handes. - - a fambling chete, - a rynge on thy hand. - - quaromes, - a body. - - prat, - a buttocke. - - stampes, - legges. - - a caster, - a cloke. - - a togeman, - a cote. {83} - - a commission, - a shierte. - - drawers, - hosen. - - stampers, - shooes. - - a mofling chete, - a napkyn. - - a belly chete, - an apern. - - dudes, - clothes. - - a lag of dudes, - a bucke of clothes. - - a slate or slates, - a shéete or shetes. - - lybbege, - a bed. - - bunge, - a pursse. - - lowre, - monye. - - mynt, - golde. - - a bord, - a shylling. - - halfe a borde, - sixe pence. - - flagg, - a groate. - - a wyn, - a penny. - - a make, - a halfepeny. - - bowse, - drynke. - - bene, - good. - - benshyp, - very good. - - quier, - nought. - - a gage, - a quarte pot. - - a skew, - a cuppe. - - pannam,[164] - bread. - - cassan, - chéese. - - yaram,[165] - mylke. - - lap, - butter milke or whey. - - [leaf 28] pek, - meate. - - poppelars, - porrage. - - ruff pek, - baken. - - a grunting chete or a patricos kynchen, - a pyg. - - a cakling chete, - a cocke or capon. - - a margery prater, - a hen. - - a Roger or tyb of the buttery, - a Goose. - - a quakinge chete or a red shanke, - a drake or ducke. - - grannam, - corne. - - a lowhinge chete, - a Cowe. - - a bletinge chete, - a calf a or shéepe. - - a prauncer, - a horse. - - autem, - a church. - - Salomon, - a alter or masse. - - patrico, - a priest. - - nosegent, - a Nunne. - - a gybe, - a writinge. - - a Iarke, - a seale. - - a ken, - a house. - - a staulinge ken, - a house that wyll receaue stolen ware. - - a bousing ken, - a ale house. - - a Lypken, - a house to lye in. - - a Lybbege, - a bedde. - - glymmar, - fyre. - - Rome bouse, - wyne. - - lage, - water. - - a skypper, - a barne. - - strommell, - strawe. - - a gentry cofes ken, - A noble or gentlemans house. - - a gygger, - a doore. {84} - - bufe, - a dogge. - - the lightmans, - the daye. - - the darkemans, - the nyght. - - Rome vyle, - London. - - dewse a vyle, - the countrey. - - Rome mort, - the Quene. - - a gentry cofe, - a noble or gentlema_n_. - - a gentry morte, - A noble or gentle woman. - - the quyer cuffyn,[166] - the Iusticer of peace. - - the harman beck, - the Counstable. - - the harmans, - the stockes. - - Quyerkyn, - a pryson house. - - Quier crampringes, - boltes or fetters. - - tryninge, - hanginge. - - chattes, - the gallowes. - - the hygh pad, - the hygh waye. - - the ruffmans, - the wodes or bushes. - - a smellinge chete, - a garden or orchard. - - crassinge chetes, - apels, peares, or anye other frute. - - to fylche, to beate, to stryke, to robbe.[167] - - to nyp a boung, - to cut a pursse. - - To skower the cramprings, [leaf 28, back] - to weare boltes or fetters. - - to heue a bough, - to robbe or rifle a boeweth. - - to cly the gerke, - to be whypped. - - to cutte benle,[168] - to speake gently. - - to cutte bene whydds, - to speake or geue good wordes. - - to cutte quyre whyddes, - to geue euell wordes or euell language. - - to cutte, - to saye. - - to towre, - to sée. - - to bowse, - to drynke. - - to maunde, - to aske or requyre. - - to stall, - to make or ordaine. - - to cante, - to speake. - - to myll a ken, - to robbe a house. - - to prygge, - to ryde. - - to dup the gyger, - to open the doore. - - to couch a hogshead, - to lye downe and sléepe. - - to nygle, - to haue to do with a woman carnally. - - stow you, - holde your peace. - - bynge a waste, - go you hence. - - to the ruffian, - to the deuell. - - the ruffian cly the, - the deuyll take thée. - - [Footnote 163: *–* B. omits.] - - [Footnote 164: The 1578 ed. reads _Yannam_] - - [Footnote 165: B. reads _yarum_. The 1578 ed. reads _Param_] - - [Footnote 166: _custyn._ B.] - - [Footnote 167: For these two lines printed in small type, the 1573 - edition reads, - - To fylche - to robbe] - - [Footnote 168: _benie._ B.] - - -¶ The vpright Cofe canteth to the Roge.[169] - - The vpright man speaketh to the Roge. - -VPRIGHTMAN.[170] - -Bene Lightmans to thy quarromes, in what lipken hast thou lypped in -this darkemans, whether in a lybbege or in the strummell? {85} - - God morrowe to thy body, in what house hast thou lyne in all night, - whether in a bed, or in the strawe? - -ROGE. - -I couched a hogshead in a Skypper this darkemans. - - I layd[171] me downe to sléepe in a barne this night. - -VPRIGHT MAN.[172] - -I towre the strummel trine vpon thy nabchet[173] _and_ Togman. - - I sée the strawe hang vpon thy cap and coate. - -ROGE. - -I saye by the Salomon I will lage it of with a gage of benebouse; then -cut to my nose watch. - - I sweare by the masse[174], I wull washe it of with a quart of good - drynke; [leaf 29][175] then saye to me what thou wylt. - -MAN. Why, hast thou any lowre in thy bonge to bouse? - - Why, hast thou any money in thy purse to drinke? - -ROGE. But a flagge, a wyn, and a make. - - But a grot, a penny, and a halfe penny. - -MAN. Why, where is the kene that hath the bene bouse? - - where is the house that hath good drinke? - -ROGE. A bene mort hereby at the signe of the prauncer. - - A good wyfe here by at the signe of the hors. - -MAN. I cutt it is quyer buose, I bousd a flagge the laste dark mans. - - I saye it is small and naughtye drynke. I dranke a groate there the - last night. - -ROGE. But bouse there a bord, _and_ thou shalt haue beneship. - - But drinke there a shyllinge, and thou shalt haue very good. - -Tower ye yander is the kene, dup the gygger, and maund that is bene -shyp. - - Se you, yonder is the house, open the doore, and aske for the best. - {86} - -MAN. This bouse is as benshyp[176] as rome bouse. - - This drinke is as good as wyne. - -Now I tower that bene bouse makes nase nabes. - - Now I se that good drinke makes a dronken heade. - -Maunde of this morte what bene pecke is in her ken. - - Aske of this wyfe what good meate shee hath in her house. - -ROGE. She hath a Cacling chete, a grunting chete, ruff Pecke, cassan, -and popplarr of yarum. - - She hath a hen, a pyg, baken, chese and mylke porrage. - -MAN. That is beneshyp to our watche. - - That is very good for vs. - -Now we haue well bousd, let vs strike some chete. - - Nowe we haue well dronke, let us steale some thinge. - -Yonder dwelleth a quyere cuffen, it were beneship to myll hym. - - Yonder dwelleth a hoggeshe and choyrlyshe man, it were very well donne - to robbe him. - -ROGE. Nowe bynge we a waste to the hygh pad, the ruffmanes is by. - - Naye, let vs go hence to the hygh waye, the wodes is at hand. - -MAN. So may we happen on the Harmanes, and cly the Iarke, or to the -quyerken and skower quyaer cramprings, and so to tryning on the chates. - - [leaf 29, back] So we maye chaunce to set in the stockes, eyther - be whypped, eyther had to prison house, and there be shackled with - bolttes and fetters, and then to hange on the gallowes. - -Gerry gan, the ruffian clye thee. - - A torde in thy mouth, the deuyll take thee. - -MAN. What, stowe your bene, cofe, and cut benat whydds, and byng we to -rome vyle, to nyp a bong; so shall we haue lowre for the bousing ken, -and when we byng back to the deuseauyel, we wyll fylche some duddes of -the Ruffemans, or myll the ken for a lagge of dudes. - - What, holde your peace, good fellowe, and speake better wordes, and - go we to London, to cut a purse; then shal we haue money for the ale - house, and {87} when wee come backe agayne into the country, wee wyll - steale some lynnen clothes of one[177] hedges, or robbe some house for - a bucke of clothes. - - [Footnote 169: _Roger._ B.] - - [Footnote 170: _man._ B.] - - [Footnote 171: _laye._ B.] - - [Footnote 172: B. omits _vpright_.] - - [Footnote 173: _nabches._ B.] - - [Footnote 174: _masst._ B.] - - [Footnote 175: This leaf is supplied in MS. in Mr Huth’s edition.] - - [Footnote 176: _good_ in the 1573 ed.] - - [Footnote 177: The 1573 ed. has _some_] - -¶ By this lytle ye maye holy and fully vnderstande their vntowarde -talke and pelting speache, mynglede without measure; and as they -haue begonne of late to deuyse some new termes for certien thinges, -so wyll they in tyme alter this, and deuyse as euyll or worsse. This -language nowe beinge knowen and spred abroade, yet one thinge more I -wyll ad vnto, not meaninge to Englyshe the same, because I learned the -same[178] of a shameles Doxe, but for the phrase of speche I set it -forth onely. - -There was a proude patrico and a nosegent, he tooke his Iockam in -his famble, and a wappinge he went, he dokte the Dell, hee pryge to -praunce, he byngd a waste into the darke mans, he fylcht the Cofe, with -out any fylch man. - -[Headnote: HARMON. NYCHOLAS BLUNTE’S TRICKS.] - - -++WHyle this second Impression was in printinge, it fortuned that -Nycholas Blunte, who called hym selfe Nycholan Gennyns, a counterefet -Cranke, that is spoken of in this booke, was fonde begging in the whyte -fryers on Newe yeares day last past, Anno domini .1567, and commytted -vnto a offescer, who caried hym vnto the depetye of the ward, which -co_m_mytted hym vnto the counter; _and_ as the counstable and a nother -would haue caried hym thether, This counterfet Cranke ran awaye, but -one lyghter of fote then the other ouer toke hym, _and_ so leading him -to the counter, where he remayned three days, _and_ from thence to -Brydewell, where before the maister[179] he had his dysgysed aparell -put vpon hym, which was monstrous to beholde, And after stode in -Chepesyde w_i_t_h_ _th_e same apparil on a scafold.[180] - - [Footnote 178: Instead of “the same,” the 1573 ed. reads _that_] - - [Footnote 179: _maisters._ B.] - - [Footnote 180: This paragraph is omitted in the ed. of 1573; but see - note, _ante_, p. 56.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 30]] - - A Stockes to staye sure, and safely detayne, - Lasy lewd Leutterers, that lawes do offend, - Impudent persons, thus punished with payne, - Hardlye for all this, do meane to amende. - -{88} - -[Headnote: HARMON. THE STOCKES.] - -[Illustration] - - Fetters or shackles serue to make fast, - Male malefactours, that on myschiefe do muse, - Vntyll the learned lawes do quite or do cast, - Such suttile searchers, as all euyll do vse. - -[Illustration] - -{89} - -[Headnote: HARMON. THE ROGE’S END.] - -[Sidenote: [lf 30, bk]] - - ++{ A whyp is a whysker, that wyll wrest out blood, - Of backe and of body, beaten right well. } - Of all the other it doth the most good, - Experience techeth, and they can well tell. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - ¶ O dolefull daye! nowe death draweth nere, - Hys bytter styng doth pearce me to the harte. {90} - I take my leaue of all that be here, - Nowe piteously playing this tragicall parte. - Neither stripes nor teachinges in tyme could conuert, - wherefore an ensample let me to you be, - And all that be present, nowe praye you for me. - -[Illustration] - -[Headnote: HARMON. THE COUNTERFET CRANKE.] - - [181]¶ This counterfet Cranke, nowe vew and beholde, - Placed in pyllory, as all maye well se: - This was he, as you haue hard the tale tolde, - before recorded with great suttylte, - Ibused manye with his inpiete, - his lothsome attyre, in most vgly manner, - was through London caried with dysplayd banner.[182] - - [Footnote 181: B. omits this stanza and has inserted the following - lines under the cut. - - THis is the fygure of the counterfet Cranke, that is spoken of - in this boke of Roges, called Nycholas Blunt other wyse Nycholas - Gennyngs. His tale is in the xvii. lefe [pp. 55–6] of this booke, - which doth showe vnto all that reades it, woundrous suttell and - crafty deseit donne of _and_ by him.] - - [Footnote 182: This verse is omitted in the edition of 1573; also - the wood-cut preceding it.] - -{91} - -[Headnote: HARMON. CONCLUSION.] - - ☞ Thus I conclude my bolde Beggars booke, - That all estates most playnely maye see, - As in a glasse well pollyshed to looke, - Their double demeaner in eche degree. - Their lyues, their language, their names as they be, - That with this warning their myndes may be warmed, - To amend their mysdeedes, and so lyue vnharmed. - - -FINIS. - - -¶ Imprinted at London, in Fletestrete, at the signe of the Faulcon by -Wylliam gryffith. Anno Domni. 1567.[183] - - [Footnote 183: B. adds ‘the eight of January’. (This would make the - year 1568 according to the modern reckoning. Harman’s ‘New Yeares - day last past, Anno domini 1567’, p. 86, must also be 1567/8.)] - -{92} - - - - -A Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery. - -―――― - -[_Lansdowne MS. 98, leaf 210._] - - - A sermon made by P_ar_son Haben vppon a mold hill at Hartely Row,[184] - at the Comaundment of vij. theves, whoe, after they had robbed him, - Comaunded him to Preache before them. - -I Marvell that eu_er_ye man will seme to dispraise theverye, and thinke -the doers thereof worthye of Death, when it is a thinge that Cometh -nere vnto vertve, and is vsed of all men, of all sort_es_ and in all -countryes, and soe comaunded and allowed of god himselfe which thinge, -because I cannot soe sapiently shewe vnto you a[185] soe shorte a tyme -and in soe shorte a place, I shall desire you, gentle theves, to take -in good p_ar_te this thinge that at this tyme Cometh to minde, not -misdoubtinge but you of yo_ur_ good knowledge are able to ad more vnto -the same then this which I at this tyme shall shewe vnto you. ffirst, -fortitude and stoutnes, Courage, and boldnes of stomacke, is Compted -of some a vertue; which beinge graunted, Whoe is he then that will -not Iudge theves vertuous, most stoute, most hardye? I most, withoute -feare. As for stealinge, that is a thinge vsuall:—whoe stealeth -not? ffor not only you that haue besett me, but many other in many -places. Men, Woemen, _and_ Children, Riche and poore, are dailye of -that facultye, As the hange {94} man of Tiborne can testifye. That -it is allowed of god himselfe, it is euident in many storyes of the -Scriptures. And if you liste to looke in the whole Course of the bible, -you shall finde that theves haue bin belovid of god. ffor Iacobe, when -he Came oute of Mesopotamia, did steale his vncles lambes; the same -Iacobe stale his brother Esawes blessinge; and that god saide, “I haue -chosen Iacob and refused Esawe.” The Children of Isarell, when they -came oute of Egippe, didd steale the Egippsians Iewells and ring_es_, -and god comaunded the[m] soe to doe. David, in the dayes of Ahemel[e]ch -the preiste, came into the temple and stole awaye the shewe bread; And -yet god saide, “this is a man accordinge to myne owne harte.” Alsoe -Christe himsellfe, when he was here vppon earth, did take an asse, a -Colte, which was none of his owne. And you knowe that god saide, “this -is my now_n_e sone, in whome I delighte.” - -Thus maye you see that most of all god delighteth in theves. I marvell, -therefore, that men can despise yo_ur_ lives, when that you are in -all poynts almost like vnto Christe; for Christ hade noe dwellinge -place,—noe more haue you. Christe, therefore, at the laste, was laide -waite for in all places,—and soe are you. Christe alsoe at the laste -was called for,—and soe shall you be. He was condemned,—soe shall you -be. Christe was hanged,—soe shall you be. He descended into hell,—so -shall you. But in one pointe you differ. He assendid into heaven,—soe -shall you never, without gods mercye, Which god graunte for his mercyes -sake! Toe whome, with the so_n_ne and the holye goste, be all hono_ur_ -and glory for euer and euer. Amen! - - After this good sermon ended, which Edefied them soe muche, Theye hadd - soe muche Compassion on him, That they gave him all his mony agayne, - and vij s more for his sermon. - - [Footnote 184: MS Rew. Hartley Row is on the South-Western road past - Bagshot. The stretch of flat land there was the galloping place for - coaches that had to make up time.] - - [Footnote 185: _in_] - -{93} - - -A Sermon in Praise of Thieves and Thievery. - -[_MS. Cott. Vesp._ A xxv. _leaf 53_] - - A sermoɳ of p_ar_son Hyberdyne w_hi_ch he made att the co_m_mandemente - of certen theves, aft_er_ thay had Robbed hym, besyd_es_ hartlerowe, - in hamshyer, in the feld_es_, ther standinge vpo_n_ a hy[l~l] where as - a wynde myll had bene, in the p_re_sens of the theves _tha_t robbed - hy_m_, as followithe. - - the s_er_mon as followethe - -I greatly merve[l~l] _tha_t any man wy[l~l] p_re_sume to dysprase -theverie, _and_ thynke the dooer_es_ therof to be woorthy of deathe, -consyderinge itt is a thynge that cu_m_ithe nere vnto vertue, beinge -vsed of many in a[l~l] contries, And co_m_mendid _and_ allowed of god -hym selfe; the w_hi_ch, thinge, by-cause I cannot co_m_pendiously shew -vnto yow at soo shorte a warnynge _and_ in soo sharpe a wether, I -sha[l~l] desyer yow, gentle audiens of theves, to take in good p_ar_te -thes thyng_es_ that at thys tyme cu_m_ythe to my mynde, not mysdowtynge -but _tha_t yow of yowre good knowledge are able to add mutch more -vnto ytt the_n_ this w_hi_ch I sha[l~l] nowe vtter vnto yow. ffyrst, -fortitude, _and_ stowtnes of corage, _and_ also bowldnes of minde, is -co_m_mendyd of su_m_e men to be a vertue; w_hi_ch, beinge grawnted, who -is yt then _tha_t wy[l~l] not iudge theves to be v_er_tused? for thay -be of a[l~l] men moste stowte _and_ hardy, _and_ moste w_i_t_h_owte -feare; for thevery is a thynge moste vsua[l~l] emonge a[l~l] men, for -not only yow that be here p_re_sente, but many other in dyu_er_se -plac_es_, bothe men _and_ wemen _and_ chyldren, rytche and poore, are -dayly of thys facultye, {95} as the hangman of tyboorne can testyfye: -and that yt is allowed of god hym selfe, as it is euydente in many -storayes of [the] scriptur_es_; for yf yow looke in the hole cowrse -of the byble, yow shall fynde that theves haue bene beloued of gode; -for Iacobe, whan he came owte of Mesopotamia, dyd steale his vncle -labanes kydd_es_; the same Iacobe also dyd steale his brothe[r] Esaues -blessynge; _and_ yett god sayde, “I haue chosen Iacobe _and_ refused -Esau.” The chyldren of ysrae[l~l], wha_n_ they came owte of Egypte, -dyd steale the egiptians iewell_es_ of sylu_er_ and gowlde, as god -co_m_mawnded them soo to doo. Davyd, in the days of Abiather the hygh -preste, did cu_m_e into _th_e temple _and_ dyd steale the hallowed -breede; _and_ yet god saide, “Dauid is a man̄ euen after myne owne -harte.” Chryste hym selfe, whan he was here on the arthe, did take -an asse _and_ a cowlte _tha_t was none of hys; _and_ yow knowe that -god said of hym, “this is my beloued soone, in whome I delighte.” -thus yow may see that god delightithe in theves. but moste of a[l~l] -I marve[l~l] _tha_t men can dispyse yow theves, where as in a[l~l] -poynt_es_ almoste yow be lyke vnto christe hym selfe: for chryste had -noo dwellynge place; noo more haue yow. christe wente frome towne to -towne; _and_ soo doo yow. christe was hated of a[l~l] men, sauynge -of his freend_es_; and soo are yow. christe was laid waite vpon in -many plac_es_; _and_ soo are yow. chryste at the lengthe was cawght; -_and_ soo sha[l~l] yow bee. he was browght before the iudges; _and_ -soo sha[l~l] yow bee. he was accused; _and_ soo sha[l~l] yow bee. he -was condempned; _and_ soo sha[l~l] yow bee. he was hanged; _and_ so -sha[l~l] yow bee. he wente downe into he[l~l]; _and_ soo sha[l~l] -yow dooe. mary! in this one thynge yow dyffer frome hym, for he rose -agayne _and_ assendid into heauen; _and_ soo sha[l~l] yow neuer dooe, -w_i_t_h_owte god_es_ greate mercy, w_hi_ch gode grawnte yow! to whome -w_i_t_h_ the father, _and_ the soone, _and_ the hooly ghoste, be a[l~l] -honore and glorye, for eu_er_ and eu_er_. Amen! - - -Thus his s_er_mon beinge endyd, they gaue hy_m_ his money agayne that -thay tooke frome hym, _and_ ij^s to drynke for hys s_er_mon. - - -finis. - -{96} [Blank Page] - -{97} - - - - - [_The parts added to_ HARMAN’S CAUEAT _to make_] - THE - Groundworke of Conny-catching; - the manner of their Pedlers-French, and the meanes - _to vnderstand the same, with the cunning slights_ - of the Counterfeit Cranke. - Therein are handled the practises of the _Visiter_, - the Fetches - _of the_ Shifter _and_ Rufflar, _the deceits of their_ Doxes, _the deuises_ - of Priggers, _the names of the base loytering Losels, and_ - _the meanes of euery_ Blacke-Art-mans _shifts, with_ - _the reproofe of all their diuellish_ - practises. - _Done by a Justice of Peace of great authoritie, who hath_ - _had the examining of diuers of them._ - -[Illustration] - - _Printed at London by_ Iohn Danter _for_ William Barley, _and are to - be sold at his shop at the vpper end of Gratious streete, - ouer against Leaden-hall_, 1592. - - 7 - -{98} [Blank Page] - -{99} - -[Headnote: THE GROUNDWORKE OF CONNY-CATCHING.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 2]] - -To the gentle Readers health. - -Gentle reader, as there hath beene diuers bookes set forth, as warnings -for all men to shun the craftie coossening sleights of these both men -and women that haue tearmed themselues Conny-catchers; so amongst the -rest, bestow the reading ouer of this booke, wherin thou shalt find -the ground-worke of Conny-catching, with the manner of their canting -speech, how they call all things in their language, the horrible -coossening of all these loose varlots, and the names of them in their -seuerall degrees, - - _First,_ _The Visiter._ - 2. _The Shifter._ - 3. _The Rufflar._ - 4. _The Rogue._ - 5. _The wild Rogue._ - 6. _A prigger of Prauncers._ - 7. _A Pallyard._ - 8. _A Frater._ - 9. _An Abraham man._ - 10. _A freshwater Marriner, or Whipiacke._ - 11. _A counterfait Cranke._ - 12. _A Dommerar._ - 13. _A Dronken Tinkar._ - 14. _A Swadder, or Pedler._ - 15. _A Iarkeman & Patrico._ - 16. _A demander for glimmar._ - 17. _The baudy Basket._ - 18. _An Autem Mort._ - 19. _A walking Mort._ - 20. _A Doxe._ - 21. _A Dell._ - 22. _Kinchin Mort._ - 23. _A Kinchin Co._ - -All these playing their coossenings in their kinde are here set downe, -which neuer yet were disclosed in anie booke of Conny-catching. {100} - -[Headnote: SHIFTERS AT INNS.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 2, back]] - - A new kind of shifting sleight, practised at this day by - _some of this Cony-catching crue, in Innes or vitualling - houses, but especially in Faires or Markets_, - which came to my hands since the imprinting of the rest. - -Whereas of late diuers coossening deuises and deuilish deceites haue -beene discouered, wherby great inconueniences haue beene eschewed, -which otherwise might haue beene the vtter ouerthrowe of diuers -honest men of all degrees, I thought this, amongst the rest, not the -least worthie of noting, especially of those that trade to Faires and -Markets, that therby being warned, they may likewise be armed, both to -see the deceit, and shun the daunger. These shifters will come vnto an -Inne or vittailing house, that is most vsed in the towne, and walke vp -and downe; and if there come any gentleman or other, to lay vp either -cloke, sword, or any other thing woorth the hauing, then one of this -crue taketh the marks of the thing, or at least the token the partie -giueth them: anone, after he is gone, he likewise goeth forth, and -with a great countenance commeth in againe to the mayde or seruant, -calling for what another left: if they doubt to deliuer it, then hee -frets, and calles them at his pleasure, and tels them the markes and -tokens: hauing thus done, hee blames their forgetfulnes, and giues them -a couple of pence to buy them pinnes, bidding them fetch it straight, -and know him better the next time, wherewith they are pleasd, and -he possest of his pray. Thus one gotte a bagge of Cheese the last -Sturbridge Faire; for in such places (as a reclaimd fellow of that crue -confessed) they make an ordinary practise of the same. - - [_The Pedler’s French_ follows, taken word for word from Harman’s - book, p. 82–7 above.] - -[Sidenote: [leaf 5]] - -THE VISITER. - -An honest youth, not many yeares since, seruant in this City, had -leaue of his master at whitsontide to see his friends, who dwelt some -fifty miles from London. It hapned at a Country wake, his mother and -hee came acquainted with a precise scholler, that, vnder colour of -strickt life, hath bin reputed for that hee is not: hee is well {101} -knowen in Paules Churchyard, and hath beene lately a visiting in -Essex; for so he presumes to tearme his cosening walks: and therefore -wee will call him here a Visiter. This honest seeming man must needes -(sith his iourney lay to London) stay at the yong mans mothers all the -holy daies: where as on his desert hee was kindly vsed; at length, -the young man, hauing receiued his mother’s blessing, with other his -friendes giftes, amounting to some ten poundes, was to this hypocrite -as to a faithful guide committed, and toward London they ride: by the -way this Visiter discourses how excellent insight he had in Magick, -to recouer by Art anything lost or stolne. Well, to sant Albons they -reach; there they sup together, and, after the carowsing of some quarts -of wine, they go to bed, where they kindly sleepe,—the Visiter slily, -but the young man soundly. Short tale to make—out of his bed-fellow’s -sleeue this Visiter conuaid his twenty Angels, besides some other od -siluer, hid it closely, and so fell to his rest. Morning comes—vp -gets this couple—immediately the money was mist, much adoo was made; -the Chamberlaine with sundry other seruants examined; and so hot the -contention, that the good man, for the discharge of his house, was -sending for a Constable to haue them both first searcht, his seruants -Chests after. In the meane time the Visiter cals the yong man aside, -and bids him neuer grieue, but take horse; and he warrants him, ere -they be three miles out of towne, to helpe him to his money by Art, -saying:—“In these Innes ye see how we shall be out-faced, and, beeing -vnknowne, how euer we be wrongd, get little remedy.” The yong man, -in good hope, desired him to pay the reckoning, which done, together -they ride. Being some two miles from the towne, they ride out of the -ordinary way: there he tels this youth how vnwilling hee was to enter -into the action, but that it was lost in his company, and so forth. -Well, a Circle was made, wondrous words were vsed, many muttrings made: -at length hee cries out,—“vnder a greene turfe, by the East side of an -Oake; goe thither, goe thither.” This thrice he cryed so ragingly, as -the yuong man gest him mad, and was with feare almost beside himself. -At length, pausing, quoth this Visiter, “heard ye nothing cry?” “Cry!” -said the yong man, “yes; [leaf 5, back] you cride so as, for twise ten -pound, I would not heare ye {102} again.” “Then,” quoth he, “’tis all -well, if ye remember the words.” The yong man repeated them. With that -this shifter said, “Go to the furthest Oke in the high-way towards S. -Albons, and vnder a greene turfe, on the hither side, lyes your mony, -and a note of his name that stole it. Hence I cannot stirre till you -returne; neyther may either of our horses be vntide for that time: -runne yee must not, but keepe an ordinary pace.” Away goes the yong man -gingerly; and, being out of sight, this copesmate takes his cloke-bag, -wherein was a faire sute of apparel, and, setting spurres to his horse, -was, ere the Nouice returned, ridde cleane out of his view. The yong -man, seeing himselfe so coossened, made patience his best remedie, -tooke his horse, and came to London, where yet it was neuer his lucke -to meet this visiter. - -[Headnote: A SHIFTER DESCRIBED.] - - -A SHIFTER. - -A Shifter, not long since, going ordinarily booted, got leaue of a -Carrier to ride on his owne hackney a little way from London, who, -comming to the Inne where the Carier that night should lodge, honestly -set vp the horse, and entred the hal, where were at one table some -three and thirty clothiers, all returning to their seuerall countries. -Vsing, as he could, his curtesie, and being Gentleman-like attirde, -he was at all their instance placed at the vpper end by the hostesse. -After hee had a while eaten, he fel to discourse with such pleasance, -that all the table were greatly delighted therewith. In the midst of -supper enters a noise of musitions, who with their instruments added a -double delight. For them hee requested his hostesse to laye a shoulder -of mutton and a couple of capons to the fire, for which he would pay, -_and_ then mooued in their behalfe to gather. Among them a noble was -made, which he fingring, was well blest; for before he had not a -crosse, yet he promist to make it vp an angel. To be short, in comes -the reckoning, which (by reason of the fine fare _and_ excesse of wine) -amounted to each mans halfe crown. Then hee requested his hostesse to -prouide so many possets of sacke, as would furnish the table, which he -would bestow on the Gentlemen to requite their extraordinary costs: -_and_ iestingly askt if she would {103} make him her deputie to -gather the reckoning; she graunted, and he did so: and on a sodaine, -(faining to hasten his hostesse with the possets) he tooke his cloke, -and, finding fit time, hee slipt out of doores, leauing the guestes -and their hostesse to a new reckoning, _and_ the musitians to a good -supper, but they paid for the sauce. This iest some vntruly attribute -to a man of excellent parts about London, but he is slandered: the -party that performed it hath scarce any good qualitie to liue. Of these -sort I could set downe a great number, but I leaue you now vnto those -which by Maister Harman are discouered. - - [Then follows Harman’s book, commencing with a Ruffelar, p. 29. The - woodcut of Nicolas Blunt and Nicolas Geninges (p. 50, above) is given, - and another one representing the Cranke after he was stripped and - washed. The volume ends with the chapter “Their vsage in the night,” - p. 76–8 above,—the woodcuts and verses at the end of Harman’s book - being omitted in the present _Groundworke of Conny-catching_. The last - words in the latter are, “And this must the poore Farmer suffer, or - els they threaten to burne him, and all that he hath.”] - -{104} - - - - -INDEX. - - - Abraham men, those who feign madness, 3; one of them, named - Stradlynge, ‘the craftiest and moste dyssemblyngest knaue,’ 47 - - Altham, a curtall’s wife, 4 - - Arsenick, to make sores with, 44 - - associate, accompany, 53 - - Autem, a church, 67, 83 - - ― Mortes, description of, 67; as chaste as Harman’s ‘Cowe,’ 67 - - Awdeley, Iohn, a printer, 1 - - Awdeley’s _Vacabondes_; Harman’s references to, 20, 60 - - Axiltrye, casting of the, 46 - - - baken, bacon, 3 - - baudy banquet, whoring, 63 - - bauer, ? band, 52 - - Bawd Phisicke, a cook, 14 - - Bawdy baskets, description of, 65; a story of one who, with an - upright man, spoiled a poor beggar of his money, 66 - - beggar by inheritance, 42 - - belly chere, food, 32 - - belly chete, an apron, 83 - - benat, better, 86 - - bene, good, 83 - - bene bowse, good drink, 59 - - beneship, very well, 86 - - benshyp, very good, 83, 86 - - beray, dung, 13; dirty, 52 - - beteled, ? (_betelled_ is deceived), 67 - - Bethlem Hospital, 52, 53 - - Blackheath, 77 - - bletinge chete, a calf or sheep, 83 - - Blunt, Nicolas, an upright man, 50, 87 - - bong, purse, 84, 86 - - booget, a bag, 59 - - bord, a shilling, 83 - - ―, half a, sixpence, 83 - - borsholders, 21, _n._, superior constables. See Halliwell’s - _Glossary_. - - bottell, bundle, truss, 72 - - Bottomelye, Besse, a harlot, 75 - - bousing ken, an ale-house, 83 - - bowle, drink bowls of liquor, 32 - - bowse, drink, 32, 83; _v._ to drink, 84 - - braste, burst, 73 - - Bridewell, 57, 87 - - broused, bruised, 29 - - bryberinge, stealing, 60 - - Buckes, baskets, 21 - - Buckingham, Duke of, beheaded, 22 - - bufe, a dog, 84 - - bung, a purse, 83, 84, 86 - - buskill, ? bustle, wriggle, 15 - - bychery, 67 - - bycherye, whoring, 61 - - byd, pray, 15 - - byng a waste, go you hence, 84 - - - cakling chete, a cock, or capon, 83 - - can skyl, know, 8 - - cante, to speak, 84 - - Canting, the language of vagabonds, 23; list of words, 82–4; specimen - of, 84–6 - - Capcases, covers for caps, small bandboxes, 65 - - Capon hardy, 12. For ‘capron hardy,’ ‘a notable whipster or twigger,’ - a bold or saucy young scamp. (See the Index to Caxton’s _Book of - Curtesye_, E. E. T. Soc., p. 54.) - - cassan, cheese, 83 - - caster, a cloak, 82 - - casting of the sledge, 46 - - Caueat, a warning, 17 - - Chafe litter, the knave, described, 13 - - chafer, heating dish, 59 - - Charing Cross, 58 - - chattes, the gallows, 84, 86 - - Chayne, a gentleman, 58 - - Cheapside, 57, 87 - - Cheatours, card-sharpers enticing young men to their hosteries, win - their money and depart, 7 - - cheeke by cheeke (now ‘by jowl’), 12 - - chete, animal, 83, col. 2, foot - - chetes, things, 42 - - Choplogyke, description of, 15 - - Christ, like a thief, 94, 95 - - Christes Hospital, 8 - - Clapperdogens, 44. _See_ Palliards. - - Clement’s Inn, 53 - - clocke, a cloak, 55 - - clyme three tres with a ladder, to ascend the gallows, 31 - - cly the gerke, to be whipped, 84 - - Cole, false, 15. (See Mr R. Morris in _Notes and Queries_, Oct., - 1869, on _Colfox_, &c.) - - Cole Prophet, description of, 15 - - commission, a shirt, 83 - - Commitour of Tidings, a tell-tale, 14 - - common, commune, 45 - - conneys, rabbits, 35 - - conneyskins, rabbitskins, 65 - - connizance, cognizance, 35 - - Cornwall, 48 - - Cory fauell, a knave, described, 16 - - couch a hogshead, lie down and sleep, 77, 84 - - Counterfet Crankes, description of, 51; story of one that Harman - watched, 51; how he was dressed, 51; his refusal to wash when - bidden, 52; gives the name of Genings, 52; said he had been in - Bethlehem Hospital, 52, which Harman found to be a lie, 53; in the - middle of the day he goes into the fields and renews the blood - on his face, 53; what money he received, 53; at night he goes to - Newington, where he is given in charge, 54; the amount of his - gains, 55; his escape, 55; his recapture, 56, _n._; his punishment, - 57, _n._ - - Cousoners, cheaters, 1 - - Crashing chetes, teeth, 82 - - crassinge chetes, apples, pears, or any other fruit, 84 - - Cross Keys Inn in Cranford (Middlesex) or Crayford (Kent), 77 - - cuffen, fellow, 86. _See_ Quyer. - - Cursetors, 17; explanation of, 27 - - Curtal, 37 - - Curtall, one who is next in authority to an upright man, 4 - - Curtesy man, described, 6 - - cutte, to say, 84 - - cutte bene whydds, speak or give good words, 84 - - cutte benle, speak gently, 84 - - cutte quyre whyddes, give evil words or evil language, 84 - - - darkemans, night, 84 - - Dartford, 58 - - David, a thief, 94, 95 - - ded lyft, a; last refuge, 34 - - Dells, rogues’ virgins, described, 75 - - Demaunder for glymmar, description of, 61; story of one who behaved - courteously to one man and uncourteously to another, 61–65 - - Deptford, 77 - - Desmond, Earl of, 82 - - Devil’s Pater noster, 15 - - Devonshire, 48 - - dewse a vyle, the country, 84, 86 - - Dialogue, between upright man and rogue, 84–87 - - dokte, fornicated with, 87 - - Dommerar, description of, 57; of one who was made to speak, and - afterwards punished on the pillory, 58, 59 - - doson, dozen, 34 - - Doxes, description of, 4, 6, 73 - - Draw-the-pudding-out-of-the-fire; a beggars’ inn at - Harrow-on-the-Hill, 77 - - drawers, hosen, 83 - - Drawlatches, a class of beggars, 27 - - Dronken Tinckar, description of, 59 - - drouselye, drowsily, 76 - - dudes, cloths, 83 - - dup the gyger, open the door, 84 - - Dyng-thrift, description of, 15 - - - Egiptians, description of, 23 - - Esau, a thief, 94, 95 - - Esaye, Isaiah, 24 - - Esen Droppers, eaves-droppers, 15 - - exonerate, empty (one’s belly), 55 - - - factors, tax-gatherers, 45 - - fambles, hands, 82; famble, 87 - - fambling chete, ring on the hand, 82 - - Faytores, a class of beggars, 27 - - ferres, 35, ferries - - Filtchman, the truncheon of a staff, 4 - - Fingerers, 7–9. _See_ Cheatours. - - for knowing; against, to prevent, being recognized, 71 - - flagg, a groat, 83, 85 - - flebytinge, 73 - - fletinge Fellowshyp, the company of vagabonds, 24 - - Frater, one who goes with a licence to beg for some Spittlehouse or - Hospital, but who usually robs poor women, 4; description of, 45 - - Freshwater Mariner, description of, 48 - - Furmenty, 22 - - fustian fume, 46 - - fylche, to beat, to rob, 84 - - fylthy firy flankard, 29 - - fynesed, finished, 70 - - Fyngerer, 8, 9 - - - gage, a quart pot, 83 - - ― of bowse, a quart of drink, 34 - - gally slopes, breeches, 35 - - gan, a mouth, 82 - - gealy gealowsit, good fellowship, 55 - - gentry cofes ken, a noble or gentleman’s house, 83 - - gentry morte, a noble or gentlewoman, 84 - - Genynges, Nicolas, a counterfeit cranke, 50, 87 - - gestes, guests, 61 - - Glasyers, eyes, 82 - - glimmeringe morte, a woman who travels the country begging, saying - her goods have been burnt, 61 - - glymmar, fire, 61, 83 - - grannam, corn, 83 - - Grauesend barge, a resort of vagabonds and knaves, 1 - - graunt, agree, 53 - - greffe, grief, 55 - - Grene Winchard, description of a, 14 - - _Groundworke of Conny-catching_, 97 - - grunting chete, or patricos kynchen, a pig, 83 - - Gryffith, Wylliam, a printer, 17 - - Gybe, a licence, 4; a writing, 83 - - gygger, a door, 83, 85 - - Gyle Hather, description of, 14 - - gyllot, a whore, 71 - - - Haben, a witty parson, 92 - - hande charcher, handkerchief, 72 - - Harman beck, constable, 84 - - Harman, Thomas, his _Caveat_, 17–91; epistle to the reader, 27; his - old tenant, 30; his copper cauldron stolen, 35; recovered, 35; - notice to tinkers of the loss of his cauldron, 35; his gelding - stolen, 44; in commission of the peace, 60; paid for beggars’ - secrets, 74 - - Harmans, the stocks, 84 - - Harrow-on-the-Hill, inn at, 77 - - Hartley Row in Hampshire, 92, 93 - - Hearing chetes, ears, 82 - - heauing of the bowth, robbing the booth, 4 - - Helpers of rogues, 9 - - Helycon, 28 - - heue a bough, rob a booth, 84 - - Hill’s, Mr, Rents, 57 - - _him_ redundant: leapes him, 43, l. 24 - - Hoker, or Angglear, description of, 35; anecdote of one who took the - clothes of the bed in which 3 men were sleeping, without awaking - them, 36 - - Holborn, 54 - - hollowe hosteler, 63 - - horse locke, 39 - - hosen, breeches, 71, 72 - - hosted, lodged, 57, _n._ - - hosteries, card-sharpers’ resorts, 9 - - House of Pity, inn in Northall, 77 - - hoyssed, hoisted, 20 - - huggeringe, loitering, 43 - - Hyberdyne, a parson, 93 - - hygh, hie, 33 - - hygh pad, highway, 84 - - - Jacob, a thief, 94, 95 - - Iarckeman, a maker of counterfeit licences, 5, 60 - - Iarckes, seals, 4 - - Iarke, a seal, 83 - - ich, I, 8 - - Jeffrey Gods Fo, a liar, 13 - - Ingratus, an ungrateful knave, 16 - - in printe, meaning ‘correct,’ 45 - - Iockam, yard, penis, 87 - - iompe, jump, plump, exactly, 44 - - Irishe toyle, a beggar, 5 - - Irish rogues, 44, 48 - - Isleworth (Thystellworth), St Julian’s, a beggars’ inn at, 77 - - Iusticers, Justices, 21 - - - Karle, a knave, 8 - - ken, a house, 83, 84, 86 - - Kent, a man of worship in, death of, 22 - - Kent, mentioned, 37, 43, 48, 61, 63, 66, 68, 77 - - Kent St, Southwark, 57 - - Ketbroke, a beggars’ inn, near Blackheath, 77 - - kinde, nature, 52 - - Kitchen Co, a boy, 5, 76 - - ― Morte, a girl, 5, 76 - - Knapsbery (inn near London), 77 - - Knaues, 25 orders of, 1 - - ―, quartern of, 1 - - Kynges barne, beggars’ inn in Kent, 77 - - - lage, water, 83 - - lag of dudes, a bucke of clothes, 83 - - lap, butter, milk, or whey, 83 - - lasy Lorrels, 82 - - lecherous husband cured, 68–73 - - Leicester, 56 - - lewed lecherous loyteringe, 31 - - lewtering Luskes, 82 - - licoryce knaue, a drunkard, 13 - - lightmans, day, 84 - - (Lincoln’s Inn) Fields, 53 - - London, 30, 42, 49 - - lousey leuterars, vagabonds, 22 - - lowhinge chete, a cow, 83 - - lowre, money, 83, 85, 86 - - Lubbares, lubbers, 47 - - luckly, lucky, 19 - - Ludgate, 57 - - lybbege, a bed, 83 - - lybbet, a stick, 26 - - lykinge, lustful, 21 - - Lynx eyes, 54. (See Index to Hampole’s _Pricke of Conscience_.) - - Lypken, a house to lie in, 83 - - - make, halfpenny, 83 - - make (think) it strange, 41 - - makes, mates, 23 - - mammerings, mumblings, 72 - - manerly marian, 62 - - margery prater, a hen, 83 - - Mariner, one at Portsmouth the maker of counterfeit licences for - Freshwater mariners, 49 - - matche of wrastlinge, 46 - - maunde, ask or require, 84, 85 - - Messenger, Ione, an honest bawdy basket, 65 - - Milling of the ken, sending children into houses to rob, 67 - - mofling chete, a napkin, 83 - - mounched, eat, 72 - - mounch-present, one who, being sent by his master with a present, - must taste of it himself, 14 - - myll a ken, rob a house, 84 - - mynt, gold, 83 - - - Nab, a head, 82, 86 - - Nabchet, a hat or cap, 82 - - nase, drunken, 86 - - Newhaven, 67 - - Newington, 54, 56 - - Nichol Hartles, a coward, 13 - - Northall, beggars’ inn at, 77 - - nosegent, a nun, 83 - - nouels, news, 14 - - Nunquam, a loitering servant, 16 - - nygle, haue to do with a woman carnally, 84 - - nyp a boung, to cut a purse, 84 - - - Obloquium, a malapert knave, 13 - - occupying, holding of land, 38 - - of, off, 39 - - oysters of East Kent, 68 - - - Palliards, description of, 4, 44; doings of, 44; list of names of, - 81, 82 - - pannam, bread, 83 - - Param, milk, 83, _n._ - - patrico, a priest, 6, 60 - - paulmistrie, fortune-telling, 23 - - pecke, meat, 86 - - peddelars Frenche. _See_ Canting. - - pek, meat, 83 - - peld pate, head uncovered, 34 - - pelte, clothes, 76 - - peltinge, ? paltry, contemptible, 20 - - Penner, a pen-case, 54 - - pens, pence, 55 - - pickthanke knaue, 14 - - pillory in Cheapside, 57 - - pitching of the barre, 46 - - pity: it pytied him at the hart, 41 - - poppelars, porridge, 83 - - porte sale, ? quick sale, 77 - - Portsmouth, 49 - - Poules, St Paul’s, 8 - - prat, a buttocke, 82 - - prating knaue, 15 - - pratling chete, a tongue, 82 - - prauncer, a horse, 83 - - Prigger of Paulfreys, a stealer of horses, 4 - - Proctour, a liar, 14; keeper of a spittlehouse, 45 - - PROVERBS: - although Truth be blamed, it shall never be shamed, 28 - as the begger knowes his dishe, 32 - don’t wake the sleeping dog, 73 - God hath done his part, 48 - out of sight, out of minde, 32 - swete meate wyll haue sowre sawce, 72 - - prygge, to ride, 84 - - Prygger of Prauncers, description of, 42; a story of a gentleman - who lost his horse by giving it in charge for a short time to a - ‘priggar,’ 43 - - Prygges, tinkers, 59 - - Prygman, one who steals clothes off hedges, and a robber of poultry, 3 - - - quakinge chete, or red shanke, a drake or duck, 83 - - quaromes, a body, 82 - - Queen Elizabeth, 21 - - quier, nought, 83 - - Quier crampringes, bolts or fetters, 84, 86 - - Quire bird, one lately come out of prison, 4 - - quyer cuffyn, justice of the peace, 84, 86 - - Quyerkyn, prison house, 84, 86 - - - rabblement, 19 - - rakehelles, 19 - - Ratsbane, 44 - - rechles, reckless, 15 - - rifflinge, 32 - - Rince pytcher, a drunkard, 13 - - Ring chopper, description of, 11 - - ― faller, description of, 10 - - Robardesmen, robbers, 27. See William of Nassington’s description of - them quoted in _Notes & Queries_ by F. J. F., 1869; and _The Vision - of Piers Plowman_, ed. Wright, ii. 506, 521. - - Robin goodfelow, 36 - - Rochester, 66 - - Rogeman, a receiver of stolen clothes, 3 - - Roger, or tyb of the buttery, a goose, 83 - - Roges, description of, 36; subject to beastly diseases, 37; list of - names of, 80, 81 - - Rogues, a story of two, who made the acquaintance of a parson at an - ale-house, and afterwards went to his house and robbed him, 37 - - Rome bouse, wine, 83 - - Rome mort, the Queen, 84 - - Rome vyle, London, 84 - - Rothered in Kent, 77 - - rowsey, ? rough, or frowzy, 19 - - Royal Exchange, 8 - - roylynge, travelling, 31 - - ruffe, rough, 33 - - Ruffeler, a robber of ‘wayfaring men and market women,’ 3, 29; a - story of one who robbed an old man, a tenant of Harman’s, on - Blackheath, 30 - - ruffian cly the, devil take thee, 84 - - ruffian, to the, 84, to the devil - - ruffmans, woods or bushes, 84 - - ruff pek, bacon, 83 - - ruysting, roystering, 32 - - - Salomon, an altar, or mass, 83 - - sawght, sought, 62 - - Saynt Augustyn, 24 - - scelorous, wicked, 20 - - sewerly, surely, 50 - - Shifters, 1 - - shotars hyl, Shooter’s Hill, 30 - - Shreeues, sheriffs, 21 - - Shrewd turne, ? sharp handling, hard usage, 15 - - Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Countess of, Harman’s dedication to, 19 - - shrodge, shrugged, hugged, 71 - - Simon soone agon, a loitering knave, 13 - - skew, a cup, 83 - - Skoller, a waterman (and his boat), 54 - - skower the cramprings, wear bolts or fetters, 84 - - skypper, a barn, 83 - - slates, sheets to lie in, 61, 76, 77, 83 - - small breefe, old briefe of vacabonds, meaning Awdeley’s book, 20 - - smell feastes, 46 - - smelling chete, a nose, 82; a garden or orchard, 84 - - snowte fayre, fair-faced, 61 - - sod, boiled, 22 - - Somersetshire, 61 - - soup, chewed, to produce foaming at the mouth, 51 - - Spanlles, spaniel-dogs, 33 - - Spearwort, 44 - - Spice-cakes, 12 - - spitlehouse, 45; row in a, 45; the constable wants to take in custody - the roysterers, 46; the good wife of the house intreats him for - her guests, and while so doing the next door neighbours enter the - kitchen, and steal the supper that she was preparing, 46 - - squaymysh, squeamish, 55 - - St. George’s Fields, 54 - - St. Giles’s in the Fields, 54 - - St. Julian’s (inn in Thystellworth; Isleworth), 77 - - St. Quinten’s (inn near London), 77 - - St. Tybbe’s (inn near London), 77 - - stall, to make or ordain, 84 - - stalling to the rogue, ceremony of, 34 - - stampers, shoes, 83 - - stampes, legs, 82 - - Statutes, i. Edw. VI. c. iii, p. 20, _n._; xxvii. Hen. VIII. for - punishment of vagabonds, 29 - - staulinge ken, a house that will receive stolen wares, 32, 83 - - stibber gibber knaue, a liar, 14 - - stow you, hold your peace, 84 - - Stradlynge, an Abraham man, 47 - - strommell, straw, 83 - - Sturton, Lord, 48 - - summer-games, 47 - - surgeon, who strung up the dumb rogue, 58–9 - - Swadders and Pedlers, description of, 60 - - Swygman, a pedlar, 5 - - - tempering, tampering, 70 - - Temple Bar, 53 - - ‘Thank God of all,’ 67 (cp. Shakspere’s ‘Thank God you are rid of a - knave.’ _Much Ado_, iii. 3.) - - the, thee, 55 - - Thieves, a sermon in praise of, 92 - - ‘Three trees,’ the gallows, 31 - - tickle in the ear, gammon, 9 - - Tinkard, a beggar, 5 - - tiplinge[house], an ale-house, 40 - - tittiuell knaue, a tale-bearer, 15 - - togeman, a coat, 77, 82 - - tortylles, turtle-doves, lovers, 62 - - towre, see, 84, 85 - - trashe, goods, 77 - - trininge, hanging, the end of roges, 37, 84 - - Troll and troll by, a knave, described, 12 - - Troll Hazard of Trace, a knave, 12 - - Troll Hazard of tritrace, a knave,13 - - Troll with, a knave, 12 - - Truth, proverb as to, 28 - - tryninge, hanging, 84 - - twin’d hempe, rope and gallows, 29 (cp. Bulleyn in _The Babees Book_, - p. 240–3) - - _Two Gent. of Verona_, 45 - - Tynckars, Harman sends notice of the stealing of his cauldron to the, - 35 - - typ, secret, 20 - - typlinge houses, alehouses, 24 - - - Vacabonde—one being caught, and brought before the justices of the - peace, promised to tell them the names and degrees of his fellows, - on condition that he escaped punishment, which being granted, he - fulfilled his promise, and Awdeley obtained the materials for his - book, 2 - - Vacabondes, beggerly, 1; ruflyng, 1; ‘the old briefe’ of, 60 - - Vagabondes, their vsage in the night, 76 - - Vagabonds, account of the doings of, at the funeral of a man of - worship in Kent, 22 - - vagarantes, 19 - - Vngracious, a man who will not work, 15 - - Vnthrift, a reckless knave, 15 - - vntrus, to undress, 72 - - Vpright man, description of, 1, 4, 31 - - Vpright men, list of the names of, 78, 79, 80 - - Vrmond, Earle of, 82 - - - walkinge mortes, description of, 67; a story of a trick that one - played on a man who would have had to do with her, and the - punishment he received instead, 67–73 - - wannion, a curse, 62 - - wappinge, fornicating, 87 - - Washman, one who shams lameness, sickness, etc., 5 - - waste, bynge a; go hence, 84, 86 - - watch, the constable, 45 - - watche, person, 61; our watche, us, 86 - - Welsh rogues, 44, 57 - - Whistle, anecdote of the, 61–5 - - Whipiacke, a robber of booths and stalls, 4 - - Whitefriars, 51, 56 - - whydds, words, 84, 86 - - whystell, whistle, 62 - - whyte money, silver, 42 - - wilde roge, description of, 41; story of one robbing a man, of whom - he had just begged, 42 - - wilde roge’s reason for being a beggar, 42 - - windless, out of breath, 73 - - windshaken knaue, 66 - - woode, mad, 14 - - Wostestowe, a servant of the Lord Keeper’s, 58 - - wyld Dell, description of, 75 - - wyn, a penny, 83 - - - yannam, bread, 83, _n._ - - yaram, milk, 83 - - yemen, yeomen, 22 - - ynkell, tape, 65 - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - -This is a transcription of the 1869 Edition of _Awdeley’s Fraternitye -of Vacabondes, Harmon’s Caueat, Haben’s Sermon, &c._, by the Early -English Text Society (EETS). The EETS book is itself an annotated -transcription of earlier manuscripts, as for instance, the 1575 -edition of _The Fraternitye of Vacabondes_ by John Awdeley. This DP -transcription is available in several editions, including simple text, -html, epub, and mobi. Original page images from the EETS edition are -available from archive.org—search for “fraternityeofvac00vilerich”. I -produced the DP cover image, and hereby assign it to the public domain. - -The original spelling and grammar of the EETS edition have been -retained, with some exceptions noted below. Space before punctuation -such as colon, semicolon, question mark, or exclamation mark have been -generally eliminated. - -In this DP simple text edition, original small caps are uppercase, and -italics look _like this_. Superscripts are indicated like these: “a^o” -or “iij^{li}”. Large initial letters in the EETS edition are marked -with leading double ++ as in “++THes”. The variation between capital -and lower-case letters after an initial large capital is as in the -original. The letter n with macron is marked n̄, using the combining -macron Unicode character. The code “[l~l]” denotes ll with a tilde -through the two letters l. The Unicode character [“ɳ” u0273, latin -small letter n with retroflex hook] has been substituted for the letter -n with right hook in the text edition. - -Footnotes have been relabeled 1–185, and moved from within paragraphs -to nearby locations between paragraphs. In the EETS edition, replicated -footnote anchors were occasionally used to delineate specific ranges of -text. In this edition, footnote anchors are unique, so other symbols -from the set {†‡§*} have been inserted to delineate the ranges. - -The EETS book contains notations like “[leaf 4]”, which refer to the -leaf in the original manuscript. These are retained. Most are inline, -but a few are in the form of sidenotes, floating, for example, to the -side of a text heading. Page numbers as printed in the EETS edition are -shown like this: “{xiii}” or “{53}”. - -The EETS edition was printed with running heads, which will be termed -headnotes in this discussion. Most of the original headnotes were -either repetitions from previous pages, or else essentially the same as -a text heading or subheading somewhere on the page in question. A few -did add information to the page; these few have been retained in this -ebook edition. They have been moved if necessary from the top of the -page to the top of the section that they describe. The first example of -an included headnote occurs on page 19. - - -CONTENTS. The Preface discussion of HARMAN’S _Caueat_ begins on page -iv, not v. - -Page vi. “Anno domini .1567” to “Anno domini. 1567”. - -Page vii. In “of Rogges . . . iij”, the illegible exponent after “iij” -is rendered _s_ herein. - -Page viii. The abbreviation -for “page” was changed from “p” to “p.” in two places. - -Page ix (note). Added a matching “)” after “_Environs of London_.”. - -Page xi. The marker in “therevpon† bestow” should be paired, but is -not. One possibility is “†therevpon† bestow”. - -Page xviii. The unbalanced left parenthesis at “(although he is bold” -is retained. - -Page xxi. “under theee titles” to “under these titles”. - -Page xxvii and elsewhere. The DP team have done the best they could -with the sometimes illegible superscripts in passages like the sixth -paragraph on page xxvii. - -Page xxviii. “concernyny” to “concernyng”. - -Page 21. full stop removed from “exercyses. may”. - -Page 27. full stop changed to comma in original “wylbe. curyous heds”. -Also, “finde fauttes” changed to “finde faultes”. The odd construction -“in short season a great change we see . well, this delycat” is -retained, to be construed as you think best. - -Page 30, and similar instances elsewhere. The first two lines of the -original printed paragraph are indented 6½% and spanned by an enlarged -left curly bracket “{” on the left side. I do not know the significance -of this, and cannot herein acceptably reproduce these two lines as -printed. In this DP transcription, a new right bracket “ }” is inserted -to enclose the words of the two lines as printed. In the text edition, -the markup “++{ ” is employed at the beginning of the paragraph, and in -the html/epub/mobi editions, an image is employed, spanning the first -two lines of the rewrapped paragraph. - -Page 33n. The second footnote had no label; one has been provided to -match its anchor. - -Page 34. “These vyright men” to “These vpright men”. - -Page 45. A new right double quotation mark is inserted after “after -midnight.”, to match the left quotation mark at ‘“I am Counstable’. - -Page 49n. The footnote label was missing; a new one is inserted. - -Page 54. A new right double quotation mark is inserted after “there -serche hym.”, to match the left quotation mark in ‘“I praye you haue’. - -Page 56n. “would proue an houest man” to “would proue an honest man”. - -Page 61n. The missing label for the third footnote is restored. - -Page 65. “baken, or ch´ese” to “baken, or chéese”. - -Page 71. A DP teammember suggested that in “the good man of the house -shrodge hym for Ioye”, “shrodge” should be “shrogde”. - -Page 85. The footnote anchor for the first footnote was barely visible -on the printed page, after “I layd”. - -Page 92–95. Pages 92 and 94 comprise the EETS transcription of the -[_Lansdowne MS. 98, leaf 210._] manuscript of Haben’s Sermon. Facing -pages 93 and 95 comprise the EETS transcription of the [_MS. Cott. -Vesp._ A xxv. _leaf 53_] manuscript. Because of various limitations of -these ebook editions, pages 93 and 95 have been moved, in order, after -page 94. Moreover, page 93 was originally printed with the incorrect -page number “98”, but this has been corrected. - -Page 97. This title page contains a mixture of modern roman type and a -type that looks more like gothic. In this ebook text edition, the gothic -phrases are wrapped in _italic markup_. - -Page 101. What looks like “friendes gifte3” is changed to “friendes -giftes”. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Awdeley's Fraternitye of Vacabondes, -Harman's Caueat, Haben's Sermon, &c., by John Awdeley and Thomas Harman and Parson Haben - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AWDELEY'S FRATERNITYE OF VACABONDES *** - -***** This file should be named 56307-0.txt or 56307-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/3/0/56307/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, RichardW, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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